New York State College of Agriculture At Cornell Vnhersity Ithaca, N. Y. Library Come.. University Library HA 901 1899 a Cornell University J Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013754597 O ,5 WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE DIKKCTOR CENSUS OF POETO RICO. EEPO CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 18 9 9. LT. COL. J. P. SANGER, Inspector-General, DIRECTOR. HENRY &ANNETT, WALTER F. WILLCOX, STATISTICAL EXPERTS. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1900. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Letter of transmittal of the Director of the Census to the Secretary of War 9 Organization of the Census 9 The field work 9 Geography 11 Orography 11 Political divisions 11 Climate 12 Minerals, flora, and fauna 13 History 13 Discovery 13 Settlement 14 Indian uprisings and foreign invasions 14 Slow development of island 15 Intervention by the United States 15 Revenues and expenditures 17 Economic condition 17 Government -- 18 Municipal, district, and departmental government 21 The judiciary 22 Aborigines 23 Negroes - - - 30 Chinese -- - - 32 Summary of past censuses - - 32 Census of 1860 ..--.: 32 Census of 1877 1 34 Census of 1887 -- 35 Form of population schedules - - 36 Method of tabulation - - 38 Discussion of population tables - 40 Total population - - 40 Urban population - 43 Center of population 44 Sex 45 Age 46 Age and sex 53 Race - - 55 Race and sex - 60 Race and age - 60 Nativity 62 Males of voting age 62 Conjugal condition 65 The single . - - 66 The married 68 The widowed - - 71 Education - - 71 History •- 71 Literacy 72 3 4 CONTENTS. Discussion of population tables — Continued. Page. Education — Continued. School attendance '" Classified by sex ' ' Classified by age ' ' Classified by race '8 Literacy among persons over 10 years of age '8 Statistics of educational institutions 83 Occupations 86 Breadwinners classified by sex 88 Breadwinners classified by age 89 Breadwinners classified by age and sex 90 Breadwinners classified by race 92 Breadwinners classified by race and sex 93 Breadwinners classified as native and foreign born 94 Breadwinners classified by groups of occupations 95 Breadwinners classified by specified occupations 97 Size of families 97 Families of one member 99 Families of eleven members 100 Families of two to ten members 101 Sanitary condition of dwellings 102 Dwellings and families 105 Source of water supply 106 In San Juan 108 In Ponce 109 In Mayaguez 109 Disposition of garbage 109 Disposition of excreta 110 Vital statistics 112 Deaths and death rates 112 Births and birth rates 112 Marriages and marriage rates 113 Agriculture 1 18-141 Coffee 118-129 Report of Sefior Ricardo Hernandez 1 18-121 Suitable climate 119 Suitable soil 119 Methods of cultivation 120 Methods of preparation 121 Report of Sefior M. Badrena 125-129 Sugar 129-141 Report of Sefior Ricardo Hernandez 129-141 Suitable climate 130 Suitable soil 130 Time of sowing 131 Reproduction 132 Preparation of ground 133 Spade planting 135 Planting in holes or pits 135 Planting on banks 130 Replanting ] 37 Weeding _ 138 Hilling 13§ CONTENTS. 5 Agriculture — Continued. Sugar — Continued . Eeport of Sefior Ricardo Hernandez — Continued. Page. Trimming 138 Cutting the cane 139 Cost of production 140 Amount produced 141 Tobacco 141 Eeport of Sefior Planella 141-144 Methods of production 142 Production 145 Stock raising 146 Roads, railroads, and agricultural implements 146 Discussion of agricultural tables 147 Farm schedule 148 Size of farm 149 Farm tenure, by race 150 Farm products 152 Coffee 153 Sugar 154 Sugar mills and distilleries 155 TABLES. Table I. Total population, by departments 156 II. Total population, by municipal districts 156 III. Total population, by departments, districts, and wards 157 IV. Total population, by cities 163 V. Sex, general nativity, and color, by departments and districts. . 164 VI. Percentages by sex, by departments and districts 168 VII. Percentages by nativity and color, by departments and dis- tricts 170 VIII. Age and sex, by department and districts 172 IX. Age, sex, nativity, and race, by departments 174 X. Nativity, by departments and districts 185 XI. Nativity, sex, and race, by departments 187 XII. Males 21 years of age and over, by birthplace, race, and literacy, by departments and districts 190 XIII. Conjugal condition, by departments and districts 194 XIV. Conjugal condition, race, sex, and nativity, by departments 196 XV. Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity, by depart- ments 200 XVI. Illegitimate children, with age, sex, race, and nativity, by departments 240 XVII. School attendance, literacy, and superior education, by depart- ments and districts 243 XVIII. Percentages 10 years of age and over, with age, sex, race, nativity, and literacy, by departments 245 XIX. Superior education, with age, sex, race, and nativity, by depart- ments 265 XX. School attendance, with sex and race, by departments 267 XXI. Kind and capacity of educational institutions, by departments. 281 XXII. Number of pupils, with color and sex, by departments 281 XXIII. Grand groups of occupations, with sex, race, and nativity, by departments and districts 282 6 CONTENTS. Page Table XXIV. Grand groups of occupations, with age, sex, race, and nativity, by departments : - - - ^06 XXV. Occupations, by departments ^26 XXVI. Occupations, with sex, race, and nativity, for the island 327 XXVII. Occupations, with age and sex, for the island 328 XXVIII. Occupations, with sex, literacy, and superior education, for the island 330 XXIX. Occupations, with sex and conjugal condition, for the island.. 331 XXX. Occupations, with sex and place of birth, for the island 333 XXXI. Number and size of families, by departments and districts 335 XXXII. Source of water supply, by departments and districts 339 XXXIII. Disposition of garbage, by departments and districts 341 XXXIV. Disposition of excreta, by departments and districts 343 XXXV. Births from 1888 to 1898, by departments and districts 345 XXXVI. Marriages from 1888 to 1898, by departments and districts 348 XXXVII. Deaths from 1888 to 1898, by departments and districts 350 XXXVIII. Farm areas, by departments and districts 352 XXXIX. Tenure of farms, with size, and race of occupant; number of farms, by departments 354 XL. Tenure of farms, with size, and race of occupant; cultivated area, by departments 355 XLI. Areas cultivated in the principal crops, by departments 356 XLII. Live stock, by departments 358 APPENDICES. I. War Department orders organizing the census 361 II. War Department order appointing disbursing officers 365 III. List of enumerators and enumeration districts 365 IV. Contract with the Tabulating Machine Co 381 V. List of governors of Porto Eico 382 VI. Bibliography 386 VII. Statement of expenditures 387 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. MAPS. . Page - Density of rural population 42 Sex _ _ 46 Native whites, proportion to total population 54 Colored, proportion to total population _ 56 Married, proportion to all living together 70 Illiterates, proportion of population over 10 years of age 78 Cultivated land, proportion to total area 148 Coffee land, proportion of all cultivated land 152 Sugar land, proportion of all cultivated land 154 DIAGRAMS. Total population, historical _ 40 Age and sex _ _ 44 Conjugal condition, sex, race, nativity, and occupations 50 Conjugal condition by race, sex and age _ 66 Size of families 100 Agricultural products 156 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS. Supervisors of the census _ Frontispiece. El Yunque, in the Sierra Luquillo 12 Ruins of church at Pueblo Viejo 14 Aguadilla: Monument erected at this place to Columbus, where he first landed November 19, 1493 16 Types of Porto Ricans 28 Native negroes 30 Types of mestizos 32 Native huts _ 34 Native huts in Catano 36 Native hut 38 Public school in Arecibo 72 Public school in Manati 74 Public school in Mayaguez 76 Coffee plantation in Mayaguez 118 Coffee plantation in Adjuntas 120 Coffee, plantation in Lares 122 Clearing a cane field 130 Clearing a cane field with harrow 132 Sugar plantation in Arecibo 134 8 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Sugar mill and plantation in Manati (Injenio) 136 Sugar mill in Manati 138 Ruins of sugar mill destroyed by hurricane of August 8, 1899. Anasco 140 Cocoanut farm in Mayaguez 142 Gathering cocoanuts 144 Agricultural implements 146 Orange grove in Mayaguez _ _ 146 City of San Juan (south half) 156 City of San Juan (north half) 156 City of Coamo 180 City of Ponce (west half ) 200 City of Ponce (east half) 200 City of Utuado 220 Main street in Caguas 240 City of Cayey 260 City of Arecibo 280 City of Guayama 320 City of Aibonito 300 City of Fajardo 340 Plaza of Mayaguez 356 Enumerators of Aguadilla 366 Enumerators of Arecibo 368 Enumerators of Cayey 370 Enumerators of Humacao 372 Supervisor and enumerators of Mayaguez 374 Enumerators of Ponce 376 Enumerators of San Juan 378 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. War Department, Porto Rican Census, Washington, November 7, 1900. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the census of Porto Rico: The Executive order for taking the census was issued September 8, 1899 (Appendix I). An estimate of expenses was made on the basis of the probable population, and the execution of the field work by native Porto Ricans, on the lines followed in taking the census of Cuba, except that the supervisors were not brought to Washington. Mr. Harrison Dingman, an experienced officer of the United States census, was selected as Assistant Director to superintend the field work, and left Washington with his office force September 30. The division of the island into 917 enumeration districts and the appointment of the enumerators were finished November 6, and promptly on November 10 the enumeration was commenced. On December 20 it was completed, and on January 25, 1900, Mr. Dingman and party left Porto Rico for Washington, arriving January 30. The field work was carried on under great difficulties, owing to the effects of the hurricane of August 8 and the prevalence of the rainy season, which made communication almost impossible in many parts of the rural districts. Nevertheless, the enumeration was rapidly and thoroughly done despite all obstacles, and Mr. Dingman, the super- visors, and their associates are to be congi-atulated on the thorough accomplishment of the work. The same precautions were observed as in Cuba in determining literacy in doubtful cases, the persons enumer- ated being requested to read and write. In the latter part of December and early in January, the Director of the Census made a visit of inspec- tion to a majority of the depai'tments. The Supervisors were found to be entirely qualified for their important duties and their offices in good running order. As many enumerators as possible were questioned con- cerning the schedules, and gave unmistakable evidence of their intel- ligence and their anxiety to perform their duties honestly (Appendix III). Sixty-two women were appointed enumerators, and thus, for the first time in Porto Rico, as in the census of Cuba, women were given public employment. 10 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. The tabulation was made by the Tabulating Machine Company under a contract executed Feb. 1, 1900 (Appendix V). Three census bulle- tins were issued, and in their preparation, as well as in the preparation of this report, I have had the valuable assistance of Mr. Henry Gannett, of the Geological Survey, and Mr. Walter F. Willcox, of the United States Census. As several voluminous reports have been published recently on the economic and social conditions prevailing in Porto Rico, notably those of Gen. George W. Davis, Military Governor, and Hon. Henry K. Car- roll, special commissioner for the United States to Porto Rico, and as other reports are in course of preparation, it has not been thought necessary to enter minutely into details concerning history, govern- ment, and education, all of which have been or soon will be elaborately presented. As a subject of great interest the methods employed by the Porto Ricans in the cultivation of their principal staples — coffee, sugar, and tobacco — are given, together with such views of the island as will explain its varied and beautiful characteristics. Very respectfully, J. P. Sanger, In*. GenL, Director Census of Porto Rico. Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War, Wus/u'nc/to/i, D. C. CENSUS OF PORTO RICO. GEOGRAPHY. Porto Rico, the easternmost and smallest of the Greater Antilles, is within the Tropics, between latitudes 17° 50' and 18° 30' north, and longitudes 65° 30' and 67° 15' west. It lies east of Haiti, being separated from it by Mona Passage. It is in shape rudely rectangular, its longest axis lying east and west. Its length is a trifle over 100 miles and its breadth about 36 miles. Its area is approximately 3,600 square miles, three-fourths the size of Connecticut and about the size of the province of Matanzas, Cuba. OKOGKAPHY. The structure of the island is simple. Passing across it from cast to west, a little south of the middle of its breadth, is a broken, irregu- lar range of hills or low mountains, which toward the eastern end trends northeastward, and terminates near the northeastern corner of the island, where it culminates in the peak of El Yunque, 3,609 feet in altitude. Elsewhere it ranges in altitude from 2,000 to 3,000 feet, with occasional summits slightly above 3,000 feet and gaps slightly below 2,000 feet. This range is known in different parts of the island by various names, Cordillera Central, Sierra de Cayey, and in the northeast Sierra de Luquilla. From its crest the land slopes northward and southward in broad undulations, deeply cut by streams, giving most of the interior of the island a steep, hilly surface, gradu- ally becoming more nearly level until near the coast it spreads into broad, level play as. This range forms the water divide of the island, and from it streams flow northward and southward, those flowing north having much the longer courses and gentler slopes. None of these streams are navigable, excepting for a very few miles near their mouths, where they are in effect estuaries. The largest are the Rios Loiza, Bayamon, Morovis, Arecibo, and Blanco, all on the north of the dividing ridge. On the south the dividing ridge descends steeply, with short spurs and a narrow coastal plain. Here the streams are short, with very steep descents. The coast is low and for the most part simple, with few good har- bors, the best being that of San Juan, on the north coast. Ponce 11 12 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. and Guanica are the only harbors on the south coast into which vessels of ordinary draft can enter, but the island of Vieques has several com- modious ports where the largest ships can ride at anchor. The coast of Porto Eico, unlike that of Cuba, is not bordered by fringing reefs or islets. Means of internal transportation are scanty. There are altogether about 159 miles of railway in the island, but they are in disconnected pieces and closely parallel the coast, none extending into the interior. Of wagon roads there are all sorts. The Spanish Government has con- structed about 285 miles of military road which is well built and kept in good repair. Of this sort is the road from San Juan to Ponce, with a branch from Cayey to Guayama. Most of the other roads of Porto Eico are almost impassable except for pack trains. Porto Eico is divided into seven departments, which correspond with the provinces of Cuba, and into 69 municipal districts. These in turn are divided into barrios, or wards, the plan of subdivision for governmental purposes being thus quite similar to that of Cuba. Besides the island of Porto Eico, the Government has jurisdiction over the islands of Vieques and Culebra, lying to the eastward, and Isla Mona to the west, in the Mona Passage, together with a few other islets in their neighborhood. Most of the area of Porto Eico is held as farms, and a large portion, more than one-fifth, is under cultivation. The forested areas are small and are almost entirely confined to the higher parts of the mountains. The largest of these tracts is on El Yunque, in the Sierra Luquilla. Here are found small tracts of primeval forest, composed of large trees of a variety of species, several of which are of great value, such as Spanish cedar, ebony, and sandalwood, besides many others as yet unknown to American markets. Timber is, however, very scarce, and most of that used in building is imported. CLIMATE. Lying in the Tropics, the island is within the region of the southwest trades, which blow with great regularity. The annual temperature at San Juan, on the north coast, ranges in different years from 78° to 82° F. The mean monthly temperature ranges from 75° in January to 82° in August. The maximum temperature on record is 99°, and the mini- mum 57°, indicating a very slight range and a uniform climate. The only difference of temperature to be observed throughout the island is due to altitude, the highlands of the interior having a mean annual temperature as low as 72° F. Serious storms occur, and occasional earthquakes, but the latter are not violent, doing but little damage. The annual rainfall at San Juan averages 60 inches, about the same as at New Orleans, and nearly two-thirds of this falls in the summer and GEOGRAPHY. 13 autumn. The annual relative humidity at the capital is very high, averaging not far from 80 per cent. The annual rainfall increases eastward from San Juan, until near the northeast corner of the island it exceeds 100 inches. It increases also upon the highlands of the interior, reaching a maximum upon the dividing ridge of nearly 100 inches. The south slope of the island, on the other hand, is much drier, both rainfall and atmospheric moisture being less, so much so that in some regions irrigation is necessary for cultivation of crops. MINERALS, FLORA AND FAUNA. "While many valuable minerals have been found in Porto Rico, and while good placers were long ago worked by Spaniards, no mining of any sort is at present carried on. Yet it is not at all improbable that a geological examination may develop valuable mineral resources not at present suspected. Owing to the fact that Porto Rico has for centuries maintained a dense population almost entirely supported by agriculture, a large portion of its surface is under cultivation, and only a trifling propor- tion remains in its natural condition. Hence little of its vegetation is indigenous. The native fauna of the island is, owing to the same cause, very limited. There are no large mammals except such as are domesticated. It is said that there are no noxious reptiles and few insect pests. The fisheries on the coast and in the rivers are very valuable, the fish being abundant everywhere and of valuable species. HISTORY. The history of Porto Rico presents but few points of interest as compared with Cuba or the other colonies of Spain in this hemisphere. The island was discovered by Columbus November 16, 1493, during his second voyage. He approached it from Santo Domingo and first sighted Cape Mala Pascua. From there he sailed along the south and east coast to Aguada, where he landed November 19. He took pos- session of the island in the name of the reigning sovereigns of Spain and named it San Juan Bautista, in honor of St. John the Baptist. Its Indian name was Borinquen. Columbus remained for several days and then returned to Santo Domingo. It does not appear that he ever visited the island again. During the next fourteen years numerous trading vessels stopped at the island, usually for water, but it remained unexplored and unin- habited by white men until 1508, when Nicolas de Ovando, Governor of Santo Domingo, having learned that the mountains and streams abounded in gold, sent Juan Ponce de Leon to explore the island. He embarked with a small party of Spaniards and a few Indian guides 14 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. and landed near Aguadilla, the home of the principal cacique, Aquey- bana, by whom he was kindly received and conducted to different parts of the island. In the course of the journey Ponce de Leon veri- fied the reports of the Indians in regard to the presence of gold, and returned to Santo Domingo, leaving a few of his companions as guests of Aqueybana. Ovando now determined to subjugate and colonize the island, and Ponce de Leon was selected to conduct the enterprise. Before organ- izing the expedition, however, Ponce de Leon resolved on another friendly visit for the purpose of a more thorough reconnoissance, and accordingly returned to Porto Rico. He found that his companions had been kindly treated and that the Indians were friendly, and believing he could get possession of the island peaceably he returned to Santo Domingo to solicit the appointment of Governor. He found, however, that during his absence Ovando had been superseded by Don Diego Columbus and that Cristoval de Sotomayor, a Spanish cavalier, had been appointed Governor of Porto Rico by the Crown. But Don Diego Columbus would not confirm his appointment or appoint Ponce de Leon, and sent Juan Ceron as Governor and Miguel Diaz as his second. Prompted by a love of adventure and the hope of bettering their fortunes Ponce de Leon and Sotomayor joined the expedition. In the meantime Ovando returned to Spain, where he gave such a favorable account of the character and services of Juan Ponce de Leon in Porto Rico that the King appointed him Governor of the island and intimated plainly to Don Diego Columbus that he must not presume to displace him. Ponce de Leon took charge in 1509, and founded the town of Caparra, about 3 miles inland from the bay of San Juan. It was afterwards named Puerto Rico and transferred to the present site of San Juan. Subsequently the island and the city exchanged names, although by what process does not appear. The site of Caparra, the first town founded, is now known as Pueblo Viejo. Having fixed the seat of government at Caparra, Juan Ponce de Leon began the pacification and colonization of the island in the usual manner. A conspiracy among the native caciques, led by Aqueybana, the brother and successor of him who had first welcomed the Spaniards to the island, was exposed and suppressed, but not without desperate efforts on the part of the Spaniards, the death of Sotomayor, and the destruction of such Spanish settlements as then existed. It does not appear that the colonists had any serious trouble with the natives thereafter. Lying between and practically controlling the Virgin and Mona passages from the Atlantic into the Caribbean Sea, Porto Rico occupies a strategic position of much importance, which, no doubt, was recog- nized at an early day. Certain it is that several attempts were made to HISTORY. 1 5 wrest the island from Spain. Thus, in 1597, Admiral George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, blockaded and captured San Juan, and took pos- session of the island. But being forced by an epidemic of yellow fever to withdraw he destroyed the city, killed a number of its inhabitants, and carried off as trophies 72 pieces of artillery. Two years before, the English freebooter, Drake, had sacked and burned San Juan and destroyed all the vessels found in the harbor. These disasters led to the completion of the Morro of San Juan, commenced some time before, and an increase in the garrison of the island. In September, 1625, San Juan was attacked by a Dutch fleet of 17 vessels and a detachment of 2,500 men. They landed and besieged the city for 28 days, but were finally forced to withdraw with considerable loss. In 1626 the French attempted a landing, but were repulsed. Between this and 1797 sev- eral minor and unsuccessful attacks were made. In April of that year, a British squadron and a detachment of 6,500 soldiers, under Lord Ralph Abercrombie, attacked San Juan, but withdrew after an investment of two weeks. From this time to the date of the American occupation of the island (1898) Porto Rico was exempt from outside attack. On May 12 the American fleet, under Rear- Admiral W. T. Sampson, in search of the Spanish fleet under Admiral Cervera, bom- barded the fortifications guarding the harbor of San Juan. After three hours firing the fleet withdrew, having ascertained in this way that the Spanish fleet was not there. On July 21 Major-General N. A. Miles, with a force of United States troops, landed in the bay of Guanica without serious opposition, and, on the 27th, occupied Ponce, which was surrendered on demand. Organized in three columns, numbering about 12,000 men, the Ameri- can forces pushed forward in the direction of Arecibo, Mayaguez, and Aibonito, meeting with slight resistance. At Aibonito, while about to attack that stronghold, word was received that the peace protocol had been signed, and hostilities were suspended. Porto Rico has also been free from serious civil disturbances, although early in this century the native Porto Ricans manifested some signs of opposition to the insular authority, and a small republican faction proclaimed independence. But the prompt measures of Governor de la Torre, the presence of the troops, and the small area of the island prevented an outbreak. Some of the revolutionary leaders were executed. In 1868 there were manifestations in Ponce, Bayamon, and Arecibo, but, in consequence of the adoption of the Spanish liberal constitution of 1869, the island ceased to be a colony and was declared a province of Spain, although it had been nominally so since 1809. Notwithstanding the generally peaceful condition of the island, its material progress was slow. During the sixteenth century but 3 set- tlements were made, to wit: San Juan, in 1521; San German, 1543, and 16 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Aguada, 1590; in the seventeenth, but 3 more were added, viz: Arecibo and Coamo, 1616, and Ponce, 1620; in the eighteenth century 28, and in the nineteenth, 35. In fact, for many years after its colonization Porto Eico was simply a military station, and practically, although not so designated officially, a penal colony, to which civil, political, and mili- tary prisoners were sent from Spain and from her colonial possessions in America. The population increased slowly, so that by the middle of the seventeenth century it numbered but 880 souls. During the next hundred years it had increased to 44,883, and by 1812, to 183,014. The system of taxes and duties applied to Porto Rico was very much the same as in Cuba and other Spanish possessions. Up to 1784 the public treasury was under the management of a treasurer and an accountant appointed by the Crown, who were responsible jointly with the Governor of the island for all revenues. In that year, by a royal decree of May 24, the intendancy of Porto Rico was established. 1 The principal insular sources of revenue at the end of the last cen- tury were export and import duties (almojarifazgo) ; the tithes (diezmos) ; the alcabala, or tax on all sales of merchandise products, etc. ; the tax on aguardiente and aloja, the latter a beverage of water, honey, and spices; the tax on stamped paper; on the introduction and branding of negroes; the cutanea, a tax on the sale of negroes; the medias annatas, or tax on the salaries of certain civil and clerical officers; court fines, licenses, and the manda pla forzosa, a tax on mills. The salt works of Cabo Rojo, Guanica, and Coamo were also sources of revenue, and all unidentified property, such as cattle, etc. , belonged to the King by authority of law. The export and import duties discriminated largely against all foreign merchandise. The tithes were established in 1501 by a bull of Pope Alexander VI and continued until abolished by royal decree in 1815. They were imposed again in 1830 and finally abolished in 1848. During this interim from 1815 to 1830 when the tithes were not collected and the tax on sales {alcabala) and existing restrictions on immigration were removed, a tax of 2£ per cent on the agricultural products of the island was substituted for the tithes. They were paid ,in kind from the crops after they had been gathered, and in 1789 amounted to 69,720 pesos, a third of which went to the support of the clergy. But all these sources of revenue were insufficient to cover the expendi- tures, and but for the aid (situados) from the treasuries of Mexico and Guatemala, the condition of the Government would have been critical. From the year 1790 to 1809 the total amount received from situados was 4,409,991 pesos, which was applied chiefly to the defenses of the island and the maintenance of the garrisons. The need for this help was fully demonstrated when the payments ceased in 1809. The insular treasury being without sufficient reserve funds or other 'Sefior Coli y Toste, Civil Secretary of Porto Rico., D C < - HISTOBY. 17 resources, and the people very poor, a period of financial distress fol- lowed, and in 1812 the usual expedient of governments without sufficient gold or silver money was resorted to, the issue of paper money. But this depreciated so rapidly that a silver peso was soon worth 10 pesos in paper, so that in 1815 the retirement of the paperless was ordered. About this time the island was greatly benefited by the revolutions in Santo Domingo and the Spanish-American colonies, from which many Spaniards emigrated to Porto Rico, bringing with them capital, indus- try, and a knowledge of the cultivation of sugar and coffee. At the date of the American occupation the system of taxes, duties, etc. , was practically the same as in Cuba; but, in strong contrast to the disposition made of the Cuban revenues, those of Porto Rico were expended in the island, and, with but few exceptions, no funds were sent to Spain except by way of loans to the Spanish Government. Again, the financial management was such that no insular debt existed, nor were the municipalities allowed to incur debts or to make loans except to meet their obligations to the insular treasury. 1 From 1850 to 1890 the revenues and expenditures, every tenth year, were as follows: Year. Revenues. Expenditures. 1850 $1, 709, 170. 08 2,316,095.92 2,630,000.00 3,786,650.00 3,683,100.00 81,665,588.86 2,684,746.44 1,943,081.20 3,615,063.22 3, 633, 586. 60 1860 1870-71 1880-81 1890-91 In the year 1897-98 the budget covered an estimated income of 5,157,200 pesos* and an expenditure aggregating 4,754,042.19 pesos. In the year 1898-99 the estimated income was 5,107,092. 89 pesos, and the expenditures 4,781,920.20j9&S(?s. But, notwithstanding the favorable financial condition of the munici- palities and the surplus in the insular treasury, property owners throughout the island were greatly embarrassed, as appears from the following statistics taken from the report of Brig. Gen. George W. Davis, Military Governor of Porto Rico, September 5, 1899. In 1897 the wealth of the island was estimated at $150,000,000, the total declared value of the city and country property being $28,867,928.79, while the mortgage indebtedness of the latter was $18,610,086.17, or 64 per cent. Other indebtedness, General Davis reports, would no doubt raise this amount to $50,000,000, or one-third of the total wealth of the island. The rate of interest charged on mortgages was, on a large part of the loans, from 1 to over 24 per cent per annum, while on $6,000,000 the rate was not specified, but probably exceeded the above rate. 1 The total municipal indebtedness of Porto Rico does not exceed $1,000,000. 2 The peso was worth 60 cents United States money. 8490—00 2 18 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. The state of the laboring classes was usually that of extreme desti- tution, which, with the advent of the hurricane of Aug. 8, 1898, resulted in famine and distressing want, upward of 250,000 indigents being fed by the Government. The present economic condition of Porto Rico has been so fully and intelligently presented by General Davis in his several reports pub- lished during the past year that no further comments on this subject are necessary. Although the government for three hundred and fifty years was entirely in the hands of Spaniards to the exclusion of native Porto Ricans, and there was practically the same system of laws and taxation as in Cuba, and the same, or even greater, neglect of public education, yet the internal condition of the two islands differed widely, as a very brief examination will show. In Cuba great discontent was mani- fest among the natives, while in Porto Rico, except on one or two occasions, perfect tranquillity prevailed. This was probably due, in great measure, to the attitude of the mother country, which was more mild and conciliatory toward Porto Rico than toward Cuba, to the comparatively small expenditures in behalf of the insular government, the absence of an insular debt, and of periodical assessments in behalf of the Spanish treasury, and the greater prevalence of free labor as compared with the slave labor of Cuba. 1 Again, the character of Porto Rican emigration from Spain was quite different, being chiefly Catalans and Biscayans, from the Basque country, who went to remain, and who were devoted to the monarchy and the church, with a corre- sponding indifference toward liberal political principles, while Span- ish emigrants to Cuba were largely Castilians, Andalusians, and Asturians, who had no intention of remaining in the island, and had, therefore, but little interest in its material progress and government. The latter statement, made in 1876 by the honorable Caleb Cushing, American minister to Spain, is largely borne out by the agricultural statistics of the censuses of Cuba and Porto Rico just completed. While in Cuba the proportion of farm owners to the whole number of farms is but 28 per cent, in Porto Rico it is 93 per cent. On the other hand, the proportion of the cultivated area owned by occupants is but 43. 5 per cent in Cuba, while in Porto Rico it is 91 per cent. In other words, a large proportion of the cultivated area of Cuba is in the hands of comparatively few landlords, some of whom reside out of the island, while in Porto Rico large numbers of the rural popula- tion own their homes and are permanent residents. Finally, the small size of Porto Rico and the presence of the Spanish garrisons and an organized militia were no doubt potent and peaceful 1 According to the census of 1872, the proportion of slaves to the total population was 5.1 per cent, while in Cuba it was 27.8 per cent. GOVERNMENT. 19 influences, and effectually suppressed any disposition on the part of the natives to rebel against the established authorities, if, in fact, such feelings prevailed. That some discontent existed among them in 1897-98, as the result either of their sympathy for the Cubans or of a desire for home rule, there is but little doubt. At all events, the troops of the American Army received from all classes of natives in all parts of the island occupied by them a spontaneous and enthusiastic welcome as deliverers and friends. GOVERNMENT. Porto Rico was founded and governed practically on the same plan as other Spanish colonial possessions, a full account of which will be found in the report of the census of Cuba just published. For many years the island was of so little importance that its gov- ernment was intrusted to officers of subordinate rank in the Spanish, army; in fact, it was little more than a military post. (See Appendix V for list of Governors.) With the increase in population and the development of its resources, the office of Governor came to be filled by a general officer with the title of Captain-General. As in Cuba, the Governor was supreme in military affairs, and practically so in civil affairs, being president of the royal audience, or supreme court, and of all other tribunals, although for the decision of legal questions he had a legal adviser appointed by the Crown, whose opinions he might or might not accept. In 1825, in consequence of the revolutions in South America, the Captain-General was clothed with extraordinary powers, very much as in Cuba, but it is said they were never used to oppress the people. Until 1813 the iritendancy (receipts and disbursements of the revenues) was vested in the Governor, but in that year it was placed under the control of an intendant appointed by the Crown. He was assisted by a secretary and a number of clerks, but could not order the dis- bursement of funds without the knowledge and consent of two chief officers appointed by the King, who had each a key to the treasury chest, and who could reject three times any order for the payment of money which they considered irregular or unjust. After that they were obliged to comply with the order, but could file a protest for their own protection. Of course this regulation, like all others, was for the ordinary transaction of business, the Captain-General having supreme control over the funds as well as over all parts of the machin- ery of government and its agents. For the immediate supervision over police and municipal affairs there was the cabildo, consisting of two boards, each compesed of two alcaldes, two tegidores, and one svndico. Besides the cabildo, there were the ecclesiastical tribunal, the naval tribunal, and the considado. 20 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. The first was composed of the bishop of San Juan and the treasurer of the church, and was for the management of all church affairs. Over this tribunal, as well as over the bishop and other prelates and the business relations and proceedings of the church, the Captain-General, as vice-patron, had supervision and control. He had authority to compel the observance of all church regulations or orders, to appoint all curates, and to suspend the bishop or any other prelate from office, reporting his action to Madrid. The naval tribunal had supervision and control over everything con- nected with the navy, including the trial of offenses committed by persons in the navy. It was presided oVer by the naval commandant, assisted by a legal adviser. From the judgment of the naval tribunal appeal could be made to the Spanish admiral commanding in Cuba. While the administration of this tribunal was in a measure independ- ent of the Captain-General, he was in supreme command of all the naval forces. The consulado was a tribunal for the settlement of all mercantile disputes arising under the commercial and mercantile laws applicable to Porto Rico. It consisted of a consul and two persons selected by the litigants or parties in interest. Before the tribunal the disputants appeared with their legal advisers. Cases were either arranged to the mutual satisfaction of the contestants or decided in favor of one or the other. Other features of the insular government were a civil secretary, a bureau or board of public works, and a chief of staff for the admin- istration of military affairs. From this brief description it will be seen that the entire government of Porto Rico — executive, legislative, and judicial — was for many years vested in the Captain-General, and that such boards or tribunals as existed were merely for the transaction of routine business. In short, up to 1870 Porto Rico was governed by the Captain-General as a Spanish colony under the laws of the Indies and such special decrees and orders as were proclaimed from time to time by the King. By a law of August 28, of that year, Porto Rico was made a province of Spain and given a provincial deputation consisting of deputies elected by universal suffrage. At the same time the island was divided into the seven departments of Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Guayama, Humacao, Mayaguez, and Ponce, having as capitals the cities of corresponding name. In 1874, through the fall of the Republican Government of Spain, the constitution of 1869 was suppressed, and, as a result, the provincial deputation was abolished, and Porto Rico returned t© the government existing prior to the law of 1870. In February, 1877, the new Spanish constitution of 1876, together with the provincial and electoral laws of December, 1876, were extended to Porto Rico, and the provincial deputation was reestablished, the members of which were elected by all male residents 25 years of age GOVERNMENT. '21 or more who had received a professional diploma, or paid taxes to the amount of 25 pesos. In 1897 Porto Rico, in common with Cuba, was given an autono- mous government. It was inaugurated February 11, 1898, and con- tinued in operation until the time of American occupation, October 18, 1898. The government consisted of a Governor-General and cabinet and a representative assembly of very limited legislative powers, elected by universal suffrage. On October 18 Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke, United States Army, was appointed Military Governor of Porto Rico. On November 29 he abolished the provincial deputation and made other changes in the insular administration. He was followed by Maj. Gen. Guy V. Henry, United States Army, December 6, 1898, who, by executive order of February 6, 1899, dissolved the insular cabinet or council of secretaries, and constituted the departments of state, justice, finance, and interior, each presided over by a chief or minister, with a salary of $6,000 per annum. On May 9 General Henry was succeeded by Gen. George W. Davis as Military Governor. By executive orders of August 12 General Davis abolished the departments of state, treasury, and interior, and their respective chiefs or secretaries, and at the same time created a bureau of state and municipal affairs, a bureali of internal revenue, a bureau of agriculture, a bureau of education, a board of public works, a judicial board, a board of charities, a board of health, a board of prison control, a board of insular policy, and the office of civil secretary to the Military Governor. The last official received a salary of $4,000, while the chiefs of the bureaus of state, internal revenue, and agriculture received a salary of $2,000 per annum. Through these bureaus and boards General Davis administered the affairs of the island wisely, thoroughly, and economically. On May 31, 1899, provision was made for issuing the writ of habeas corpus by any judge of instruction, and on June 27 trial by jury was authorized. By the act of April 12, 1900, which took effect May 1, Congress made provision for a civil government to consist of a Governor and an executive council to be appointed by the President for four years, and a house of delegates of 35 members to be elected biennially by the qualified voters. The executive council is composed of the insular cabinet and 5 other persons of good repute. The cabinet includes a secretary for civil affairs, an attorney -general, a treasurer, an auditor, a commissioner of the interior, and a commissioner of education, all appointed for the term of four years. The executive council and house of delegates com- prise the legislative assembly of Porto Rico. On May 1 this government was established by the inauguration of Governor Charles H. Allen, of Mas-tiehusetts, and is now in operation. 22 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF POETO RICO, .99. MUNICIPAL, DISTRICT, AND DEPARTMENTAL GOVERNMENT. Municipal government existed in Porto Rico from the beginning of its history, and by the commencement of this century there were 28 municipalities. Owing to the political agitation resulting from the revolutions of the Spanish-American colonies all the municipalities except those of San Juan, Aguadilla, San German, Mayaguez, Ponce, Guayama, and Humacao were abolished in 1823, and seven military divisions or districts were established for civil and military purposes. At the head of each of the seven geographical divisions of the island was an officer of the army as the representative of the Captain-Gen- eral. He had his headquarters in the capital city and had limited civil jurisdiction. Similarly, all towns and villages of any importance had an alcalde or mayor, appointed by the Captain-General, who per- formed the duties of magistrate, and a committee of 12 property owners appointed by the Captain-General, who had charge of the public high- ways and the general affairs of the community. They met by order of the Captain-General, and at no other time, for the consideration of such matters as might be referred to them. By a royal decree of December 13, 1872, the municipal laws of Spain were extended to Porto Rico, the number of municipal districts was largely increased, and the districts were changed to the seven depart- ments now existing. The members of municipal councils were elected by all males 25 years of age paying 5 pesos in taxes, or holding a professional diploma. 1 By executive order of September 21, 1899, General Davis established the qualifications of an elector as follows: He must be a bona fide male resident of the municipality, 21 years of age and a taxpayer of record, or able to read and write. He must also have resided in the island for two years next preceding the date of his registration, and for the last six months of said two years within the municipality where the election is held. Mayors, councilmen, municipal judges and their substitutes, and school trustees are elected annually. THE JUDICIARY. Prior to the year 1832 the laws and mode of procedure were the same as in Cuba and other Spanish colonies. The courts were limited, how- ever, to the judges of first instance and the municipal judges. There were no avdiencias in the island, as it was under the civil and criminal jurisdiction of the audiencia of Santo Domingo, which, in 1795, was removed to the province of Puerto Principe, Cuba. By a royal decree of June 19, 1831, a territorial audiencia was established in San Juan, Porto Rico, and appeals were then made direct to the supreme court of Madrid. ■For a description of municipal government, see Report of the Census of Cuba, 1899. ABORIGINES. 23 At the date of American occupation each municipal district had a municipal judge, and there were twelve judicial districts each having a judge of first, instance and instruction, with original jurisdiction in civil actions involving more than 200 pesos, as well as appellate jurisdiction over civil cases begun in the municipal courts. In crimi- nal cases they prepared evidence and made recommendations to the audiencias. There were three audiencias, one territorial of six judges, having its seat in San Juan, with both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and two criminal audiencias of three judges each, located at Ponce and Maya- guez, respectively. The judges were appointed by the Captain-General. A full description of the judicial system of Spanish colonies will be found in the Report on the Census of Cuba, and it is not considered nec- essary to repeat it here. It does not appear that the administration of the system in Porto Rico was free from the intricacies, delays, and defects of the system in Cuba, or that the court officials were different in character. In criminal cases the prisoner was supposed to be guilty until his innocence was established, and the burden of proof was thrown on him. Since the American occupation many salutary and important changes have been made in the Spanish system, as established in Porto Rico, including the discontinuance of the theory of the guilt of an accused person, ex parte investigations, and the incomunicado. For these, speedy and impartial trials, by jury, or otherwise, have been sub- stituted, while the writ of habeas corpus protects those who may have been unjustly confined. In August, 1899, on the recommendation of the judicial board, Military Governor Davis reorganized the courts, reduced the number of judicial districts from 12 to 5, and gradually introduced many American rules of procedure, and the system observed generally in the courts of the United States. As in Cuba, the jails and prisons were found filled with prisoners who had been in confinement for years either without trial or awaiting sentence, and their condition was one of great moral and physical degradation. This has all been corrected, and the penal institutions of Porto Rico will compare favorably in point of sanitation and good administration with such institutions in any other tropical country. Not until suitable buildings are erected can the discipline which pre- vails in the prisons and jails of a majority of the States of the Union, be maintained in Porto Rico. To this subject, however, the authorities are giving close attention. ABORIGINES. The Indian population of Porto Rico at the date of its colonization by Spain is said to have numbered between 100,000 and 600,000 souls. According to the historian, Fray Iiiigo Abbad, who published an 24 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. account of the island in 1788, "it was as thickly populated as a bee- hive." It is not likely that a correct estimate of the population was made by Ponce de Leon or any of his companions, and, as in the case of Cuba, the number will doubtless remain a subject of conjecture. Of the traits of the Indians of Porto Rico, Fray Inigo remarks that they were copper colored, although sallow and of darker complexions, short in stature, well proportioned, with flat noses, wide nostrils, bad teeth, and narrow heads, flat in front and behind, " being pressed into this shape at the time of their birth." They had long, thick, black, coarse hair, and were weak and indolent, regarding with aversion all exertion which was not necessary to their amusement or involved in fishing, hunting, or in obtaining food from other sources. They were governed by caciques, or chiefs, whose rights descended to the eldest son or to the eldest son of a sister. In an interesting account of the aborigines compiled by F. Bedwell, British consul to Porto Rico in 1879, he remarks that ' ' the orders of the caciques were announced as emanating from their tutelary god, Cemi, who was made to speak as desired by means of the Imhitis. or medicine men, who were at the same time the priests. The huhitis hid themselves behind the statue of the Cemi and declared war or peace, arranged the seasons, granted sunshine and rain, or whatever was required, according to the will of the cacique who dictated, and when announcements or promises were not fulfilled, they declared that the Cemi had changed his mind for wise reasons of his own. "The chief doms were divided into small provinces, which for the most part only comprised the inhabitants of a valley ; but all were sub- ject to the head cacique, who at the time of the conquest was Aquey- bana. He was actually governor in chief, the others being his lieutenants, who carried out his orders in their respective districts. "Men and unmarried women wore no clothing, but painted their bodies abundantly and with much skill, drawing upon them many varieties of figures with the oils, gums, and resins which they extracted from trees and plants. In this uniform they presented themselves in their military expeditions, public balls, and other assemblies. This simple costume, which was acquired with little labor, and was varied according to individual taste, was not without its ornaments and trim- mings, in respect of which opportunity was afforded for the display of skill and inventive powers, not only in the various figures and colors with which each one painted himself or herself, but also in the head dresses that were made with feathers of exquisite colors. They put small plates of gold on their cheeks, and hung shells, precious stones, and relics from their ears and noses, and an image of their god, Cemi, was never forgotten. The chief used as a distinctive emblem a large golden plate worn on the breast. Married women wore an apron which descended ABORIGINES. 25 to about half their leg; but no clothing was worn on the rest of the body. The wives of the caciques wore their aprons to their ankles, except at the national game of ball, when they also wore short ones. "It is not known what formalities they used to celebrate marriages, but it appears that they took two, three, or more wives, according to their means of maintaining them, and that they abandoned some and took others at their caprice. The chiefs possessed a larger number of wives than their subjects, but one of them was generally preferred over all the others. They all lived together, it is said, without dis- playing jealousy or envy of the favored one. All, however, in effect, became slaves of their husbands; they dressed his hair each time he left his habitation, and they had, besides their domestic duties, charge of agricultural pursuits and worked in his fields. Those best loved were buried alive with their husbands on his decease, and if they did not voluntarily offer to accompany him to the other world, they were compelled to do so. Married men separated themselves from their wives for fifteen or twenty days before going to search for gold in the river, as they believed that otherwise their sight would not be good, and that they consequently would not be successful. They did not intermarry with relations of the first degree, from a belief that those guilty of incest died a bad death. "Their habitations or huts were constructed upon pieces of timber or trunks of trees driven into the ground at short distances from each other, and they were either oval, round, or square, according to the disposition of the land. Upon these posts they formed the floor of cane or sticks, and the walls were likewise made of cane, bound together by filaments with the leaves and bark of the palm tree and meeting in the center like the poles of a tent. They usually had neither windows nor chimneys, and light was only admitted by a narrow doorway. But there were other huts stronger and of better proportions. From the ground to the floor, which was likewise formed on the trunks of trees driven into the earth, they left an unin- closed space which served as a patio or courtyard, and in the higher story they left air holes or windows, made of cane. The roof had a double fall and was covered with palm leaves. "Fray Inigo remarks that, when he wrote, the habitations in the interior of the island were of the same construction, with a slight difference that the floor was sometimes made of boards, but that the huts were built upon stakes driven into the ground. "It is remarkable to notice how very little change has even yet taken place in this respect. I have seen hundreds of huts exactly similar to those described, even in the vicinity of towns of consider- able importance. This idea of building upon poles driven into the ground is dictated by the requirements of the climate, which is every- where exceedingly damp. The valleys and lowlands are often flooded 26 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. by the rains and the rising and overflowing of the rivers. The conse- quences of this are in some measure avoided by the houses being built upon posts at a certain elevation. The only wonder is that these frail constructions are not carried away by the gusts of wind. They are, however, carried away when their owners desire it, in a most easy manner. A pole to which wheels are attached is placed underneath the building, and it is thus wheeled off to the other side of the road, or the new site selected for it. This does not apply to the mere huts of the peasants, but to the more pretentious wooden houses, which are built in the suburbs of all the towns. "The hammock and the calabash shell formed the principal articles of furniture and cooking utensils of the aborigines; they do so of the Gibaros or white country people of to-day. "The Indians lighted their fires by means of three sticks, two of which were tied together at one end; they then placed the point of the third against the ends of the others, and beat them together between the palms of the hands, and thus ignited them with great facility. "Their arms were a bow and arrow and the macana, a wooden weapon in the form of a scimiter, to which they also gave the shape of an ax, and armed with stone. They were ver}' skillful in shooting the arrow, but they did not poison their arrows as the Carib Indians did. They had canoes for fishing in the rivers, and for their sea voy- ages some large enough to hold 40 or 50 men; but all were hewn out of the trunks of trees. Trees of such dimensions no longer exist in Puerto Rico — three centuries and a half of wood and charcoal fires have had a disastrous effect upon the island in this respect. In many parts all the larger trees have completely disappeared, and seasons of drought are naturally experienced in consequence; yet nowhere are more beautiful or useful kinds of wood to be found than in Puerto Rico. "Fray Inigo says that the occupations of the Indians were as few as their necessities. They passed their days in their hammocks or squat- ting upon their heels on the ground, and they only moved with pleasure to dance or to eat. Their agricultural pursuits were limited to the sim- ple cultivation of maize, sweet potatoes, and plantains, and even this work was left to the women. Fishing and hunting were the pursuits in which the men were supposed to occupy themselves. They ate many grubs and insects, and not only shellfish, but even lizards and bats, says the author, were favourite dishes. "Their religion consisted of the superstitious worship of the Cemi, whose image they carved and painted as their imagination dictated. They placed this image everywhere, and in their huts and habitations they set aside a dark corner to praj r to it for help in their necessities. Outside the villages they had a temple where the image of the tutelar god was placed. Thither the caciques repaired with the buhitis, who ABORIGINES. 27 hid themselves, as previously described, behind the idol, and expressed by his mouth the will of the chief. In the religious ceremonies which they celebrated they took food to the Cemi, upon which the priests regaled themselves. They had a notion of two invisible beings — one, naturally benevolent, without prayer or supplication being necessary in order to obtain his favor — from the other they feared every mis- fortune, trouble, and calamity, and to him offerings and prayer were necessary to mitigate his anger. They regarded him as the enemy of mankind, from whom all evils sprang. Their religious ceremonies consisted of various humiliations, the scattering of certain powders over the head of the idol, and other superstitious practices, which were inherited from generation to generation, and thus, too, were handed down their images. "Images of the Cemi have been found from time to time, and in quite recent years, in various parts of the island. These* idols, although varying in size and in the kind of stone of which they are made, generally display similar characteristics. I have also seen some made of baked clay, which are smaller than those carved in stone. The carving on the stone is indeed truly wonderful, when it is remem- bered that the use of iron was unknown to them. " Don Jose Julian Acosta, of Puerto Rico, who has republished Fray Inigo's work, with copious notes, describes several of these antiquities in his possession, and observes that they show that at the time of the conquest the aborigines of Borinquen were in the second period of the age of stone. He remarks that the resemblance among the images of the Cemi serves to prove the unity of their religious belief, while the existence of these symbols in various and distant places — now on the coast, now in the interior — show that the island was inhabited in all directions. Senor Acosta believes that the skele- tons of the Indians yet exist in the grottos and caves which abound in the island, and which have not been explored. "The Borinquens believed that the dead would rise in a land of supreme delights, where eternal spring would be enjoyed, where they would find beautiful forests filled with every kind of game and watered by rivers abounding with fish, and where they would all enjoy the blessings of life, accompanied by their wives and their rela- tives who had preceded them. " When one of the chiefs or principal men fell sick, the priest-doctor, or buMti, was called, who, after performing several superstitious ceremonies, purged himself, and observed the same diet as the sick man. If he did not strictly comply with this and other obligations, and the sick man died, the friends and relations sometimes put out the buMWs eyes, beat him, or inflicted other punishment upon him. When the Indians saw that the sick were near their death they suffocated them, even if they were chiefs. After death they opened 28 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OB' PORTO RICO, 1899. and dried the body by fire, and buried it in a large cave in which were interred also some live women, the arms of the deceased, and provisions for his journey to the other world. Sticks and branches of trees were then placed on the top and the whole was covered with earth, which was thus kept from the bodies of those interred. "Every event which was attended by either joyful or melancholy circumstances was celebrated by the areito or dance, accompanied by music, singing, and intoxication. Fray Inigo says that the areito was not exactly an amusement; it was rather a serious and important occupation. If war was declared, the areito represented the senti- ments which were to lead on to vengeance. If it were desired to miti- gate the anger of the Cemi, to celebrate the birth of a son, to mourn the death of a cacique or friend, there were special dances according to circumstances and the feeling by which the actors were animated. If some one was sick, they danced in order that he might recover, and the luhiti danced for the patient if he could not himself support the fatigue of doing so. "All the dances were in imitation of some event, and although the music which governed their movements was very simple, the dances were lively and full of animation. The war dance was the most expressive of all. Every action of a complete campaign was repre- sented in it — the departure of the warriors, their entry into the enemy's country, the precautions as to camping, ambuscades, surprises, the fury of the battle, the glory of the victory, the conveyance of the prisoners — all was set before the spectators with such ardor and enthusiasm that it appeared to be fighting in earnest. The actions, manner, and tone of voice of the performers were in keeping with each incident, and always in accord with the music and singing which accompanied the dances. "The musical instruments were drums of various sizes, made out of the hollow trunks of trees, the macara, and the guiro, or guicharo, all made with the dried fruit of the calabash tree. These instruments may yet be said to be the national musical instruments of the island. Not only are they still used in the dances of the Gibaros, but the guiro or guicharo (the long calabash shell indented and played upon with a stick) is used in balls in society, as an accompaniment to the piano, and other modern instruments. It is even adopted by the Spanish military bands when they play the country dances. The songs of the Indians were serious and even historical, for in them wera recounted the most important events of their life and their country; the genealogy of their chiefs, the dates of their death, their fortunes in war, and the victories they had acquired, good and bad seasons, etc. "The areito was composed of a large number of persons; sometimes men only danced, on other occasions only women; at other times men and women together. They formed two rows hand in hand and were ABORIGINES. 29 led by a guide or master of the ceremony, who gave the time, and all followed, repeating the history which he sang. While some thus danced others gave drink to the dancers, who, Fray Iiiigo says, did not stop until they fell intoxicated, when their places were filled by others. The areito was concluded by all becoming intoxicated, with a drink made by the women of fruit, maize, and other ingredients, and with the smoke of tobacco which they imbibed by their nostrils. "Besides the areito, the Indians had a game of ball, for which they had places set apart in the vicinity of the villages. Both men and women engaged in this game likewise; but when not engaged in one of the occupations or amusements mentioned, the Indians passed their days smoking in their hammocks and were generally silent. "In bartering they little regarded the value of the object or that given in exchange for one they fancied. They had neither money, weights, nor measures of any kind. The crime which the Indians invariably punished most severely was theft. He who took the prop- erty of another was impaled alive and thus left to die. It was regarded as a bad action to intercede for a thief, even if the mediator were his father or a near relative; thus the crime of theft was very rare among them." Having completed the subjugation of the Indians Juan Ponce de Leon proceeded to enslave them under the Spanish system of reparti- mientos and encomiendas, 1 as had already been done in Santo Domingo, Cuba, and other Spanish colonies. As the result of their battles with the Spaniards, of disease and emigration to other islands, of hard labor in the mines, and other unaccustomed drudgery, the native population rapidly disappeared, so that in 1543 it was reported to the King of Spain by the bishop of San Juan 2 that there were but 60 native Indians in the island. At this time there are few traces of them remaining, at least this census has not discovered any. Still, in such matters no census can vie with a trained observer, and therefore attention may be called to the following statements of Capt. W. S. Schuyler in a report of August 30, 1899: "While work was being done on the roads, I had occasion to watch crowds of 700 or 800 men gathered about the pay tables at Las Marias, La Vega, and Anasco. The frequency of the aboriginal type was very noticeable. While it is almost certain that there is to-day no single individual in Puerto Rico of pure aboriginal stock, it is equally sure that the type can be 1 A repartimenio was a grant of land, which carried with it the right to the labor of the Indians occupying it or living within a short distance of it, at first for cultivating the soil. This privilege was subsequently extended so that the Indians could be used in any kind of labor. An encomienda was practically a grant of Indians, irrespective of the land. At first the grant expired with the grantee. It was subsequently extended through two or three lives, and in effect became perpetual. As a result the Indians were slaves. 2 The first bishopric was established in 1512, and the Inquisition in 1513, 30 EEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. seen everywhere in the mountain settlements. At San German I noticed a woman whose color, hair, and features were true Indian as seen in the southwest of the United States." (Report of Gen. George W. Davis, 1899, p. 312, f.) NEGROES. It is probable that a small number of negro slaves accompanied the earliest Spanish expeditions from Santo Domingo to Porto Rico, as slaves had been introduced into that island several years before. In consequence of the rapid disappearance of the native Indian popula- tion, the introduction of negro slaves into Porto Rico on payment of a tax amounting to 2 ducats per head was authorized as early as 1513. From the history of the island by Fray Inigo Abbad, it appears that through various imperial authorizations negro slaves were introduced into Porto Rico as follows: 1530. 1536. 1540. 200 200 300 1550. 1551. 1553. 250 150 400 Thus, from 1530 to 1553, about 1,500 negroes were legallly imported. It is probable that a corresponding number were smuggled to avoid the per capita duty. According to the same author, contracts for the importation of negro slaves continued throughout the seventeenth century, the privilege being held by the Genoese, Portuguese, and Dutch, sometimes Span- iards, and the French. Between the years of 1613 and 1621, during the government of Don Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra, 11 vessels laden with negroes entered Porto Rico. It is probable that during the seventeenth century other importations took place, legal and con- traband, as, from a general study of Porto Rican history, it appears that during that century its black population increased greatly over the population at the end of the previous century. A corresponding increase occurred during the eighteenth century, due to the commercial reforms which stimulated the progress of the island and gave an impetus to the slave trade. In 1760 a contract was made with Miguel de Uriarte for the impor- tation to several points of America — Porto Rico among others — of 15,000 negroes. By a royal cechda of October 31, 1765, the Company of Caracas was authorized to introduce 2,000 negroes into that province and into that of Maracaibo, which had lost many of the natives by smallpox. As these negroes were taken to Porto Rico under a foreign flag, and thence to Caracas under the Spanish, the company was prohibited from exporting merchandise in the foreign vessels bringing the negroes or from transacting any business which might injure or affect the JSTEGBOES. 31 Company of Barcelona having a monopoly of the island's commerce, or which might affect the contract executed with Miguel de Uriarte and his partners relating to negroes to be brought to the island of Porto Rico. By a royal cedvla of November 8, 1765, extended to the islands of Cuba, Santo Domingo, Porto Rico, Marguerite, and Trinidad, the King ordered the abolition of the taxes and duties which were being paid in the said islands for the introduction of negro slaves, there being substituted therefor a moderate capitation tax, to be paid annu- ally by persons engaged in the importation of slaves. This royal cedula contained other provisions which were beneficial to agriculture according to the economic ideas then prevalent. The number of negro slaves in Porto Rico in 1765 and for a hundred years later was as follows: 1765 5,037 1794 17,500 1802 13,333 1812 17,536 1820 21, 730 1827 31,874 1830 34,240 1834 41,818 1846 51,216 1860 41,738 From 1862 to 1872 the number of slaves was gradually reduced, as appears by the census of that year, which gives the total black popu- lation of the island as 257,709, of which 31,635 were slaves. From these statistics it will be observed that the number of slaves increased rapidly to 1845 and steadily declined from that date. The decline and disappearance of slavery were due to the treaties made by Spain with England, the laws and decrees promulgated by the Government, the growing sentiment against it in all civilized countries, especially in England and the United States, and the corresponding watchfulness of British and American cruisers in West Indian waters. On the 22d of March, 1873, a law was passed by the Spanish revolu- tionary National Assembly abolishing slavery in Porto Rico forever, on condition that all freedmen should enter into contract for continued labor with their actual possessors, with other persons, or with the State, for a period of not less than three years. Three officials were appointed by the insular government to guard the interests of the slaves in all contracts. Articles 3, 4, 5, and 6 provided for the indem- nification of the owners of slaves on the basis of such an appraisement as might be determined by a board of officials and slave owners, for which the law made provision. As in other Spanish possessions, the slaves of Porto Rico were humanely treated, as a rule, and granted many privileges not accorded to them by other governments. Among these was the privilege of purchasing their freedom, of which, as shown by statistics, many took advantage. As in Cuba, the black population has always been of great conse- 32 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE PORTO RICO, 1899. quence to the agricultural interests of the island, more especially in the cultivation of the sugar cane. This fact largely affected the terms of the law of 1873, and caused the insertion of the clause requiring service under contracts. To have freed the slaves without this condi- tion might, and probably would, have resulted disastrously to the slaves as well as to the planters and others dependent on them for labor. CHINESE. The number of Chinese is so inconsiderable that no special account of them is necessary. Their presence in the island is entirely voluntary. SUMMARY OF PAST CENSUSES. In connection with the work of the present census, a summary has been made of all the past censuses of Porto Rico, of which the official figures were obtainable. This summary thus includes the census of 1860, that of 1877, and that of 1887. The details for the Spanish census of 1897 are not available. CENSUS OF 1860. WHITE POETO RICANS, BY NATIONALITY AND RESIDENCE. Nationality and residence. Male. Female. Total. . 151, 673 1,298 1,076 281 145, 148 661 329 40 296, 821 1,859 1,405 321 154, 328 146,078 300, 406 COLORED PORTO RICANS, BY NATIONALITY AND CIVIL STATUS. 142, 089 140, 686 282, 775 140, 386 139, 692 280, 078 Free Slave 119, 459 20, 927 120, 084 19, 608 239,543 40,535 468 299 767 Free 414 54 236 63 650 117 982 652 1,634 302 680 254 398 656 1,078 253 43 296 248 5 40 3 288 8 PORTO RICANS BY SEX. 296,417 286, 764 '583,308 l Including 127 persons not classified. TYPE OF MESTIZO. CENSUS OP 1860. 33 census or 1860 — continued. POPULATION BY MARITAL CONDITION, RACE, AND STATUS. Race, sex, and status. Single. Married. Widowed. Total. Total 433,973 123, 326 25,882 1 583, 308 White 211,400 73,913 15,093 300,406 112,630 98,870 87,155 36, 758 4,643 10,450 154,328 146, 078 222,573 49,413 10,789 282,775 92,190 89,354 21,271 19, 758 24,598 24,220 338 267 ' 3,635 7,040 67 57 120,423 120,614 21,666 20,072 • Including 127 persons not classified. POPULATION BY RACE, STATUS, SEX, AND AGE. White. Colored. Age period. Free. Slave. Total. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. 4,020 35,330 30,476 13, 832 16,228 14, 958 19, 146 9,653 6,318 3,790 928 249 273 92 29 6 3,991 32,600 27,290 17,331 15,346 15,200 15,732 8,725 5,556 2,663 988 273 326 69 67 21 3,936 31, 187 25,983 11,257 10,212 10,469 12,243 6,526 4,658 2,635 872 185 153 45 48 15 3,764 27,571 23,-636 14,223 12,718 12,411 11, 762 7,072 4,383 1,809 907 167 168 32 60 32 674 3,584 3,935 2,273 2,026 2,220 3,239 1,902 1,047 597 190 36 29 6 6 2 549 3,499 3,441 2,594 2,133 2,221 2,792 1,605 778 294 116 15 23 5 5 2 16,833 133, 771 1-7 8-15 114, 660 16-20 61, 510 21-25 57,663 26-30 57,479 31-40 : 64,914 41-50 35,483 51-60 22,740 61-70 11,688 71-80 4,001 81-85 925 86-90 972 91-95 249 96-100 215 100+ 78 154,328 146,078 120,423 120,614 21,666 20,072 1583,308 1 Including 127 persons not classified. POPULATION BY RACE, SEX, AND LITERACY. Literacy. White. Colored. Total. Male. Female. Male. Female. 27,219 127, 109 17, 695 128,383 3,714 138, 375 2,768 137,928 51,386 , 531,795 Total 154,328 146,078 142, 089 140, 686 1583,308 i Including 127 persons not classified. 8490—00 3 34 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. census of 1860 — continued. POPULATION BY RACE AND OCCUPATION. Occupation. White. Colored. Total. 159 874 49 11,133 117 8,855 17, 395 3,091 26 871 454 18,833 853 17, 993 159 874 49 11,177 129 13,418 27,037 3,412 32 1,383 469 40,608 1,525 35,279 44 12 4,563 9,642 321 6 512 15 21,775 672 17,286 Total 80,703 54,848 135,551 CENSUS OF 1877. DE JURE POPULATION BY SEX, RACE, AND NATIONALITY. Race and nationality. Male. Female. Total. Total dejure population Residents who were present White Spanish subjects. . White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects. . Black foreigners Residents who were absent . White Spanish subjects. . White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects. . . Black foreigners 367, 832 363, 291 204, 305 2,053 117, 350 656 37, 193 1,834 4,541 2,979 201 907 20 415 19 361, 613 359, 313 198,735 1,258 119,685 637 37, 531 1,467 2,300 1,295 35 682 3 271 11 729,445 722,604 403,040 3,311 237,035 1,193 74,724 3,301 6,841 4,274 236 1,589 23 DE FACTO POPULATION BY SEX, RACE, AND NATIONALITY. Total de facto population Residents who were present . . . White Spanish subjects White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects . . Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects Black foreigners Nonresidents who were present White Spanish subjects White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects . . Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects Black foreigners 363, 291 204, 305 2,053 117, 350 556 37, 193 1,834 5,763 3,028 500 1,278 203 571 183 362, 594 359, 313 198, 735 1,258 119,685 637 37, 531 1,467 3,281 1,741 92 935 57 378 78 731, 648 722, 604 403,040 3,311 237,035 1,193 74,724 3,301 9,044 4,769 592 2,213 260 949 261 CENSUS OF 1887. 35 census or 1887. DE JURE OR RESIDENT POPULATION BY SEX, RACE, AND NATIONALITY. Race and nationality. Male. Total de jure population Residents who were present. White Spanish subjects. . . White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects. Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects... Black foreigners 396,577 397,055 391, 311 394, 178 785,489 232, 883 1,678 118, 758 453 36,812 727 231, 107 1,228 123, 221 521 37,467 634 463, 990 2,906 241, 979 974 74,279 1,361 Residents who were absent . White Spanish subjects. . . White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects. Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects... Black foreigners 5,266 2,877 :, 143 3,507 75 1,222 9 444 1,721 31 WJ 3 311 2 5,228 106 2,031 12 755 11 DE FACTO OR PRESENT POPULATION BY SEX, RACE, AND NATIONALITY. Total defacto population 399,021 399,544 798,565 Residents who were present White Spanish subjects. . . White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects . Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects Black foreigners Nonresidents who were present. White Spanish subjects . . . White foreigners Mulatto Spanish subjects. Mulatto foreigners Black Spanish subjects.. .. Black foreigners 391, 311 232,883 1,678 118,758 453 36,812 727 7,710 4,824 15 2,092 1 773 5 394, 178 231,107 1,228 123,221 521 37,467 6,366 3,188 10 1,599 2 566 1 785,489 463, 990 2,906 241, 979 974 74, 279 1,361 13, 076 8,012 25 3,691 3 1,339 6 DE JURE POPULATION BY SEX AND RACE. Race. Male. Female. Total. White 238, 143 120,442 37, 992 234, 087 124, 554 38, 414 472, 230 244, 996 76, 406 396, 577 397,055 793, 632 DE FACTO POPULATION BY SEX AND RACE. 239,400 121, 304 38,317 235, 533 125, 343 38,668 474, 933 246,647 76,985 399, 021 399,544 798,565 POPULATION BY MARITAL CONDITION. Condition. Male. Female. Total. 314, 536 76, 156 13, 595 298, 710 76,371 28,340 613,246 151, 627 41, 935 Total 404, 287 402,421 '806,708 1 8,143 absent residents are included. 36 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, census of 1887 — continued. POPULATION BY SEX AND LITERACY. Literacy. Male. Female. Total. 57, 216 5,662 341,409 39,651 8,861 353,919 96,867 14,513 695,328 Total 404,287 402,421 1806,708 1 8,143 absent residents are included. POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX. Age period. Male. Female. Total. 11,273 68, 095 64,957 48,979 39,088 37, 182 34,256 42,'Q48 26,638 80,772 7,614 3,390 10,833 65,160 61,902 45,489 46,975 38,753 38,685 42,710 26, 262 15, 430 6,318 3,904 22, 106 133, 255 126, 859 94,468 86,058 75,935 72,941 84,758 52,900 36,202 13, 932 7,294 1-5 6-10 11 15. . . 16-20 21 25... 26-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 70+ Total 404,287 402,421 1806,708 1 8,143 absent residents are included. TOTAL POPULATION BY SEX. Male 404,287 Female 402,421 Total > 806, 708 FORM OF POPULATION SCHEDULE. If the population schedule adopted for the Porto Eican census be compared with the schedule of the Eleventh Census of the United States, it will be found that, while in general design they are the same, they differ in respect to the number of inquiries, and that the latter is the more comprehensive of the two. "This is quite natural and results from the simple and homogeneous character of the popu- lation of Porto Rico, in which a less extensive investigation is neces- sary to determine the state of the population than in the United States. In Porto Rico the industries of the people are quite limited and a very large majority of the population is native. The population schedule used in the present census, translated into English and reduced in size, is as follows: 1 8,143 absent residents are included. POPULATION SCHEDULE. 37 53 t3 ^ I Oh < ►J P Hi Z Ph I o H » a w w o o .- s I • ••o .Sa .3 ■a •S.S OS P ^o ^o Ss s So 5$ fc.g S. B5.3 oyaja CO +* "^ <* Name of every person residing with this family or in this house. « o in •uoii -BJTBIA jo japjo 8ql nt '/jnntfj jo jaqmnfj 1 Ol ; •uorreixsTA jo japio am nj 3uip'[mq jo osnoq jo laqmnii p^ i '3 •asnot[ joiaqtonii •$aaj^S iHCS eo -jifltO Ir-coa* OHM 1-trHiH (Dr-co i-KN 38 REPORT ON THE! CENSUS Otf PORTO RICO, 1899. METHOD OF TABULATION. It was decided that to save time, which was important, the tabulation should be done by machine, and not by the old hand-tally system. As the electric tabulating machines, invented by Mr. Herman Hol- lerith, had been successfully used in tabulating the Eleventh Census of the United States, and were to be used again in the Twelfth, and as his system was known to be accurate and expeditious, it was adopted. Its operation is described by Mr. Hollerith as follows: "The population of each enumeration district was first established by a so-called 'rough count'; that is, the number of persons recorded on each schedule were counted by two clerks independent of each other, and where such counts disagreed, a third, or even a fourth, count was made to determine the correct population of each enumera- tion district. "The detailed tables were then prepared by means of the electric tabulating system. For this purpose all the necessary data relating to each person were expressed by means of holes punched in certain places in a card by means of the key -board punch. Pattern of the card. 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 X Dw B X J 1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4 8 10 16 21 B N M Ch Jp In V H 12 3 4 5 10 15 20 21 25 30 40 45 60 55 65 70 75 80 90 95 100 Un S c UI V Un Cu Cn It Af PR Esp Pt Ast WI Ing Su Ch SA Ir Nr Jp CA Sc Di OC Mi Al OE EU Fr * Esp Cu Sus Ex Un CO CO CO 12 3 1 5 6 7 8 1 3 5 7 18 35 60 a5 2 4 6 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 s a b c a e f Po Ac Alj R X X 50 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 15 10 5 NG 16 11 6 1 17 12 7 2 L F A M G B N H C 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 Po In Ni X Mu Pt Sq X Si No SN 4 8 ss NN 2 6 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 18 * 13 14 8 3 9 4 O I P K D E "If the record related to a white person, B, standing for hlanco (white), was punched, while N was punched for a negro, or M for mixed, Ch for Chinese, etc. For males V was punched, and H for females. The age was recorded by punching for less than I year, 1, 2, 3, or i for the respective years, 5 for the group 5-9, etc. Conjugal METHOD OF TABULATION. 39 condition was recorded in the next field or division of the card. Birth- place was recorded by punching in another division of the card PR for Porto Rico, Esp for Spain, It for Italy, OC for other countries, etc. Citizenship was similarly recorded. For each occupation two holes were punched, according to the number assigned to the given occupation in the corresponding classification of occupation, NG being punched for those without gainful occupation. Literacj r , school attend- ance, education, and the sanitary condition of the dwellings, size of families, etc., were similarly recorded by punching in the respective divisions of the card. "At the extreme left a space of four rows of 12 holes was used to record the department, municipality, and enumeration district to which the card related. The combination of holes would, of course, be the same for all the cards of a given district, and the holes were made not by the keyboard punch, but by the gang punch. "In addition, each card was provided at the extreme right-hand edge with a double number, one number indicating the sheet of the particular enumeration district on which the record of the correspond- ing person could be found, and the other indicating the particular line on which the facts were reported to which the card related. By means of the gang-punched holes and these numbers any one of the million cards corresponding to the population of Porto Rico could be identified and the correctness of the punching verified. "The punched cards were then passed through the electric tabulating machines. In this machine a series of electro-magnetically operated counters are arranged, according to the tables it is desired to eompile, in electric connection with a circuit-closing device, the circuits through which are controlled by the holes in the punch-record card, which is placed on the bedplate of such circuit-closing device. "The cards relating to a given enumeration district were fed one by one into the tabulating machine, which recorded the number of native white males, foreign white males, colored males, native white females, the number born in Porto Rico, in Spain, the number less than 5 years of age, 5 to 9 years of age, etc. The sum of the details of each group of facts should equal the total number of cards tabulated, and, of course, should equal the population of the enumeration district as established by the rough count, thus providing a third check on the accuracy of the count. "At the same time that a card operates the counters it opens one compartment of the sorting box, into which it is placed when removed from the circuit-closing device. The object of such sorting is to arrange the cards to facilitate subsequent tabulation by means of which the more detailed tables are obtained. "By thus tabulating first one group of data and then another with intermediate sorting or arranging of the cards the various tables were obtained." DISCUSSION OF POPULATION TABLES. TOTAL POPULATION. The population of Porto Rico, shown by the schedules of the recent census, taken as of November 10, 1899, was 953,213. This is a little more than two-thirds that of Cuba in 1899 and about the same as that of West Virginia in 1900. Previous censuses of the island in com- parison with this show the following results: Population at each census. 1765 44,883 1775 70,250 1800 155,426 1815... 220,892 1832 330,051 1846 447,914 1860 583, 308 1877 731,648 1887 798, 565 1899 953, 243 From the above figures the decennial rates of increase have been computed, with the following results: Rate of increase per decade. Per cent. 1765-1775 57 1775-1800 37 1800-1815 26 1815-1832 27 1832-1846 24 Per cent. 1846-1860 21 1860-1877 14 1877-1887 9 1887-1899 16 The above figures show a remarkably uniform gradation in the rate of increase from 56 per cent per decade between 1765 and 1775 down to 9 per cent between 1877 and 1887. The surprising rise between the last two censuses may be due to a more thorough enumeration in 1899 than ever before, although it must be said that if the lower rates of increase in earlier periods had been due to imperfect enumeration, it was scarcely to be expected that the series of rates of increase above given would have shown as smooth a curve. The last rate of increase, that between 1887 and 1899, is much less than that of the United States between 1890 and 1900 (21 per cent), but agrees with that of the state of Arkansas for the same decade. 40 iCENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1893 o ' ^ o ^ - . . 1 o \ o o — j o \ I \ o CD \ . O \\ \ I m £ \ H O o CO -A o o \% \e> > r~ H o m CD N — H m O \ 5 \ > z o o CO \ \ o ^ H I m o Co \ ' ~~\ <; >0 O r - O m o \ o \ r" I o \ 5> 1 rn 1 V o O "0 c IS -o o -o c \ -o o r > H O z o CO c 1 \ \ (0 V \ \ ! o \ \ 5 \ HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS TOTAL POPULATION. 41 Before making a comparison for departments and municipal districts between the population in 1887 and that in 1899 five changes call for mention. Three of them are merely nominal. The San Juan depart- ment of 1887 appears in the present census as Bayamon, the Sabana del Palmar district of 1887 is now Comerio district, and the Hato Grande district of 1887 is now San Lorenzo. Two municipal districts no longer appear in any shape in the list, for Ceiba has been consoli- dated with Fajardo, and Luquillo has been divided between Rio Grande and Fajardo. As the last change affects the boundary between two departments, in preparing the table below the municipal district of Rio Grande has been included in the department of Humacao, in order to ensure that the comparison in every case is for identical areas. Department. Population. 1887. 1899. Increase, 1887-1899. Absolute. Per cent. Humacao (with Rio Grande) Mayag uez Guayania Aguadilla Bayamon (less Rio Grande) . Ponce Arecibo Porto Rico 93,214 115, 926 96, 991 86, 096 122, 862 K9, an 124, 165 798,665 100,866 127, 666 111, 986 99,645 147, 681 203, 191 162, 308 7,652 11,640 14, 995 13,549 24,819 43,880 38,143 953, 243 154,678 8.2 10.0 15.6 16.7 20.2 27.5 30.7 19.4 The boundaries between these departments divide the island, by lines trending either north and south or east and west, into four regions, which may be called the eastern (department of Humacao), east central (departments of Bayamon and Guayama), west central (departments of Arecibo and Ponce), and western (departments of Aguadilla and Maya- guez). Each of these four divisions, except the first, is subdivided into a northern and a southern part. An inspection of the preceding table, with these facts in mind, shows that the central departments, except Guayama, increased faster than any of the three at the east and west ends of the island; that of the three departments at the ends of the island those at the west grew faster than Humacao, and of the four central departments the two west central ones grew faster than either of the east central ones. Each department on the north coast also grew more rapidly than the department directly south of it, viz, Aguadilla faster than Mayaguez, Bayamon faster than Guayama, and Arecibo faster than Ponce. The three most populous departments are the ones in which the rate of increase was above the average for the whole island. Among the 69 municipal districts into which these departments are subdivided 7 decreased in population between 1887 and 1899. As all of them lie on the coast, their situation suggests that the coast dis- tricts as a whole may have grown more slowly than the interior of the island. To test this hypothesis the population of the coast districts 42 REPORT ON TflE CENSUS OE PORTO RICO, 1899. and of the interior districts has been found separately for 1887 and 1899 with the following results: Class of district. Number. Population in— Increase. 1887. 1899. Absolute. Per cent. 40 29 487, 704 310,861 573,484 379, 759 85,780 68,898 17.6 22.2 From these figures it appears that the average increase of population in the interior has been more rapid than that on the coast. If the figures for the coast cities of San Juan, Ponce, and Mayaguez had been excluded the difference would have been more marked. The depressed condition of sugar-cane growing in the West Indies of recent years may have played an important part in producing this difference, for the growing of sugar cane is common in the coast plains of Porto Rico. The area of Porto Rico, including the adjacent and dependent islands of Vieques, Culebra, Mona, and Muertos, has been measured in con- nection with this census and found to be 3,606 square miles. But owing to the imperfect surveys on which all maps of Porto Rico are based, there must be a considerable and indeterminate margin of pos- sible error in any such measurement. The island is about three times the size of Long Island, which was in 1890 perhaps the largest insular division of the United States. It is also slightly greater than the eastern shore of Maryland (3,461 square miles). The relative sizes of the larger West Indies areas follows: Cuba, the greatest, is about equal in area to all the rest combined. Haiti, the second, is about two-thirds the size of Cuba, while on the other hand it is seven times the size of Jamaica and eight times the size of Porto Rico. Porto Rico, again, is more than double the size of the fifth island, Trinidad, which is itself about three times the size of the sixth island, Guadeloupe. The area, population, and density of population of the seven depart- ments of Porto Rico are given below. Department. Area in square miles. Population. Persons to a square mile. 561 413 822 621 542 407 240 111,986 88,501 203, 191 162, 308 160, 046 127, 566 99, 645 200 214 247 261 295 313 415 3,606 953,243 264 Porto Rico has 264 persons to a square mile. This density of popu- lation is about the same as in New Jersey, nearly twice that in Pennsyl- CENSUS OF PORTO RICO I89S Phi* l* 1 . ,1 *i#.« 5$ r = ' 5 5 ^ •^-1-; 5 3 ,i- /* J J \ > f-5 .„ u >■-• §,-> >• i to 5 I *• :v jS rT3^ f _*!. % ! A 5° > . n , ■. # S v v§ /j 5 ''."'- °-A ¥'" ~\4 IDD "&. 'H > X « s ^ ~~ o o _ C TJ (J > c S £ O TJSBAN POPULATION. 43 vania, and thrice that in Illinois. It is more than seven times that of Cuba and nearly twine that of Hahana province. The table puts in a clear light the slight difference between the vari- ous departments. Aguadilla has hardly more than twice as many people to a square mile as Gruayama. In Cuba, on the contrary, Habana province has over" nineteen times as many people to a square mile as Puerto Principe. This remarkable evenness of settlement in Porto Rico extends to the 69 municipal districts, the density of which is shown on the map opposite this page. The least settled district has 58 persons to a square mile, or about the same number as Indiana. The densities of these districts range about 264, the density for the island, and depart from it by an average amount of 106 units, or 40 per cent of that number. On comparing the preceding table with an earlier one showing the rate of increase in each province during the past twelve years, it will be seen that the two departments, the population of which has been increasing most rapidly, are two of the four in which the density of population is below the mean for the island. This suggests that the evenness of settlement now so conspicuous is not decreasing, but rather the reverse. The table shows also that each department along the northern coast is more thickly settled than is the department immediately south of it, viz, Bayamon than Guayama, Arecibo than Ponce, and Aguadilla than Mayaguez. URBAN POPULATION. [See Table IV.] The people of Porto Rico are, in the main, a rural community. There are no large cities in the island, the largest two being San Juan, which, regarding the entire municipal district as a city, had a popula- tion of 32,048, and Ponce, which with its port constituted practically one city, with a population of 27,952. These are the only two cities exceeding 25,000 inhabitants. The next city in magnitude is Maya- guez, on the west coast, with a population of 15,187. The only other city exceeding 8,000 inhabitants is Arecibo, with a population of 8,008. The total urban population of the island contained in cities exceeding 8,000 inhabitants each was 83,195, or only 8.7 per cent of the popula- tion of the island. This is a much smaller proportion than in Cuba, where the corresponding figures are 32.3 per cent, or in the United States, where the corresponding proportion in 1890 was 29.2 per cent. There were in Porto Rico 57 cities, each having a population of 1,000 or more. The total urban population of the island, under this defini- tion, numbered 203,792, or 21.4 per cent of the total number of inhabi- tants of the island. Similar figures for Cuba show 47.1 per cent of the population of that island to be urban. 44 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. The number of urban inhabitants in each department of Porto Rico, with the proportion it bears to the total population of the department, is shown in the following' table: Department. Total popu lation. Aguadilla . Arecibo . . . Bayamon. . Guayama.. Humacao.. Mayaguez . Ponce Total 99,645 162, 308 160, 046 111,986 88, 501 127, 566 203, 191 953, 243 Urban population (1,000+). 15, 518 21, 166 46,728 26,829 18,219 29,463 45, 869 203, 792 Percent- age ur- ban to total. 16.6 13.0 29.2 24.0 20.6 23.1 22.6 21.4 From the above it is seen that the smallest proportion of urban population was in the department of Arecibo, where it constituted 13 per cent of all the inhabitants. From this it ranged to 29.2 per cent in Bayamon department. The range in the proportion among the different departments was small compared with the corresponding range in Cuba. CENTER OF POPULATION. The center of population for Porto Rico has been computed for the inhabitants as distributed in 1899, and the center of area of the island has also been computed. The center of population is the center of gravity of the inhabitants of the country. If Porto Rico were a plane surface without weight and were loaded with its inhabitants distrib- uted as they were in 1899, each inhabitant being supposed to have the same weight, the center of population would be the point about which all parts of the island would balance. The center of area is similar if we substitute square miles or square yards for population. If the island be conceived as a plane surface of uniform thickness and density, the center of area would be the point about which all parts of it would balance. The method of computing the centers of population and of area has been described in the reports of the United States Census, and in the report upon the census of Cuba, so that it is unnecessary to repeat it in this connection. The center of population of Porto Rico was situated at a point 6.6 miles west and 2.4 miles north of the little town of Barros. This point is near the southeastern corner of the municipal district of Ciales, in the department of Arecibo. The center of area is situated 3 miles north and 2.1 miles west of the town of Barros, and is thus 0. 6 mile north and 4. 5 miles east of the center of population. It is situated in the southern part of the munici- pal district of Morovis, in the department of Arecibo. Owino- to the inaccuracy of the maps of Porto Rico it is impracticable to express CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899 . PORTO RICO SHOWING POPULATION, BY AGE AND SEX AGE GROUPS 90 - I0O PERCENT5 AHoenS Co Balto Lith SEX. 45 its location in terms of latitude and longitude. That the center of population is slightly south and between 4 and 5 miles west of the geographical center is evidence that the western half of the island is more thickly settled than the eastern and the southern half has slightly more residents than the northern. SEX. [See Tables V and VI.] In a total population of 953,243 Porto Rico had 8,721 more females than males, an excess amounting to 0.9 per cent of the total popula- tion. In 1887 the excess of females in the dejure population was only 478, and in the de facto population the males were 523 in excess. In 1860 the males outnumbered the females by 9,653, or 1.7 per cent of the total population. It appears thus that the proportion of females is slowly increasing. An excess of that sex was found in six of the seven departments into which the island is divided. The following table gives the absolute excess of males or females in each department and the ratio which this excess bears to the total population of the department: Department. Absolute excess of- Ratio of excess to total population. Males. Females. Males. Females. 3,588 2,066 1,554 1,197 533 506 0.4 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 723 ■ 8,721 0.9 In no department did the excess of females equal the average excess of males in the island of Cuba (3.6 per cent) or the excess of females found in many other West India islands. As a marked inequality of the two sexes is usually a result and evidence of considerable migra- tion into or away from the district under consideration, so an approxi- mate equality in the numbers of the two sexes, both in the island as a whole and in its several departments, is probably connected with the slight amount of immigration, emigration, or migration within the island, and also with the small urban population, since an urban popu- lation usually contains a decided excess of females. The two depart- ments in which the ratio of males was highest are also the two which are growing most rapidly. This may point to some immigration of males to Ponce and Arecibo from other parts of Porto Rico. When the several municipal districts are examined with regard to the proportion of the two. sexes, the three small outlying islands are found to have an excess of males, but among the sixty-eight districts 46 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. of Porto Rico proper it appears that the coast districts in rather more cases than the inland and upland districts have an excess of females, as seen by the following table: Class of district. Total number. Number with ex- cess of — Males. Females. 39 29 11 15 28 14 68 26 42 Of the inland districts one-half and of the coast districts only about one-fourth, have an excess of males. In the coast districts 48.5 per cent of the population are male, while in the inland districts 51 per cent are male. The three coast cities, San Juan, Ponce, and Mayaguez, collectively, contain 48.5 per cent of males, or the same as for the coast districts as a whole. The percentage of males, therefore, in the inland districts is percep- tibly higher than along the coast. AGE. [See Tables VIII and IX.] Probably the best single and simple expression for the age of a great number of people like the inhabitants of Porto Rico is what is called the median age; that is, the age such that half the members of the population group under consideration are younger and half are older. To compute it accurately, the census tables should present the ages by single years. That information being given, it is easy to ascertain within what single year of life the median age must lie. It is then assumed that within the year of age thus fixed the persons were evenly distributed; in other words, that there were as many persons living in the first tenth of the year as in each other tenth. In this way the median age of the population of the United States in 1890 has been fixed at 21.9 years. The present census of Porto Rico reports ages above 5 not by single years but by periods of years, usually five, 1 and, accordingly, to get the median age it has been necessary to dis- tribute the population of Porto Rico for one age period to the single years. In so doing it has been assumed that the number of each year of age in that period bears the same proportion to the total in Porto Rico that it does in the United States. The median age in Porto Rico 'The division of the group 15-19 at 17 enables one to know the population of school age, 5-17, and that of age to serve in the militia, 18-44. The division of the group 20-24 at 20 enables one to know the potential voters. The division of the group 0-4 into single years allows a study of the balance between birth rate and death rate during the early years, before it is seriously affected by migration. CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899 . AGE. 47 as thus found is 18.1 years. That in Cuba is 20.7 years, and in the United States in 1890 it was 21.9 years. The people in Porto Rico, therefore, are more than 2 years younger than those in Cuba and nearly 4 years younger than those in the United States. "While the median age in Porto Rico is much below that in Cuba or in the whole United States, it is higher than that in seven American states in 1890, including most of those with a large negro population. The median age of the several departments of Porto Rico is as follows: Department. Median age. Guayama. Areeibo. . . Humacao. Aguadilla Bayamon . Ponce Mayaguez 17.3 17.6 17.7 17.9 18.2 18.5 19.1 The populations of the 7 provinces differ comparatively little in median age, the range between Guayama and Mayaguez being less than two years, while in Cuba the range between the 6 provinces is over five years, and in the United States the range between the 49 divisions for which the age constitution was reported in 1890 was no less than twelve years. This uniformity in age composition of the several departments of Porto Rico is another statistical witness to the similarity of economic and social conditions throughout the island. In the preceding table one may notice, however, that the three departments of Bayamon, Ponce, and Mayaguez, containing the only cities of much size in Porto Rico, are the three in which the median age is greatest. It may be that these two facts are connected, that is, that the population of these cities has so high a median age as to raise that for the departments in which they lie. To test the fact the fol- lowing table has been constructed, showing the median age for these three cities and that for the rest of the department containing the city. The former has been called the urban and the latter the rural population. Department. Bayamon Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Median age of— Urban popula- 22.3 21.9 22.2 Rural popula- 16.7 18.6 17.7 17.7 Differ- ence. 5.6 3.3 4.5 4.5 From the preceding table it appears that the median age of the rural population in Bayamon, Ponce, and Mayaguez averages below that for the entire island, but that the median age of the three large 48 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. cities, Mayaguez, Ponce, and San Juan, is from three to five years higher than that for the rural districts in the same department Hence the hypothesis which the table was designed to test is estab- lished. The population of these three cities treated as a unit has a median age of 22.2, while the median age for the rest of Porto Eico is only 17.7 years. The average difference between city and country in Porto Rico is more than double that between the two most widely divergent departments. The median age is a summary expression of the age constitution and gives only a preliminary idea of the facts. The analysis is carried a step farther by the following table, in which the three population groups are compared in more detail. The table states the proportion that the number of persons in each ten-year period from the begin- ning to the end of life made of the total population of all ages.- Age constitution of the population of Porto Rico, by ten-year periods, compared with that of Cuba and. the United States. Age period. Per cent of total population in age period named. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). 0-9 30.9 22.8 18.1 11.7 7.4 5.1 2.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 22.7 25.3 18.5 13.9 9.2 5.8 3.1 1.0 0.4 0.1 24.3 21.7 18.3 13.5 9.4 6.4 3.9 1.8 0.4 10-19 20-29 30-39 4CM9 80-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100+ 6.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 This table shows that the proportion of children under ten in Porto Rico is notably higher than it is in Cuba or the United States. It is also much higher than in most countries of Europe, for the only European country with a higher proportion among the eighteen men- tioned in an accessible summary of recent censuses 1 is Bulgaria, in which 31.5 per cent of the population was reported by the census of 1888 as under ten. There is no American state in which, by the cen- sus of 1890, the proportion of children under ten was as large as it is in Porto Rico. If the population of the United States be taken as the standard, the population of Porto Rico contains many more young children, a few more children in their teens, about the same propor- tion of persons in the twenties, but a noticeably smaller proportion of persons in each subsequent decennial period until the ages of eighty and over, when the proportions are apparently about the same as in the United States, or even greater. Of persons over sixty there are in Porto Rico only 40 in 1,000, while in the United States there are 1 Allgemeinea Statistisches Archiv III, 472 (1894). AGE. 49 62. If we assume that in both countries children under ten and aged persons over seventy are supported by persons between ten and sev- enty, then in Porto Rico there would be 47 such dependents, young or old, for every 100 persons between ten and seventy, while in the United States there would be only 36. There are fewer elderly persons over sixty in Porto Rico than in the United States or Cuba, and all three have a lower proportion of aged persons than any of the eighteen countries of Europe. The small proportion in Porto Rico is due in part to the rapid growth of popu- lation, but also in large degree to the short average lifetime of the people, resulting from unsanitary conditions, ignorance regarding care for the health, and poverty, all of which are widely prevalent among certain classes. The analysis may be carried one step farther by finding the propor- tion of the population belonging to each period of five years between birth and death. The results, in comparison with those for the United States and Cuba, and also with an artificial stationary population from which the errors due to misstatement of age or to uneven growth of population have been excluded, are contained in the following table: Age constitution of the population of Porto Rico compared with that of Cuba and the United States, by five-year age periods. Age period. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). Farr's English life table. 04 15.8 15.1 13.0 9.8 9.3 8.8 6.8 5.0 4.6 2.8 3.5 1.6 1.9 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 8.3 14.4 14.0 11.3 9.7 8.7 7.6 6.3 5.4 3.8 3.7 2.2 2.2 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 12.2 12.1 11.2 10.5 9.9 8.4 7.3 6.2 b\ 4.4 3.7 2.7 2.3 1.6 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 9.8 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.9 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.4 5.9 5.4 4.8 4.2 3.4 2.4 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.1 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+ 0.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 The great number of young children previously noted is emphasized by the preceding table. In each of the first two age periods there are about 3 more children to 100 of the total population than there are in the United States; that is, in an average 100 Porto Ricans there are between 6 and 7 more children under 10 than there are in an aver- age 100 Americans. Porto Rico has a larger proportion of children under 5 than any American state in 1890, and a larger proportion of children between 5 and 10 than any American state in 1890, except 8490—00 4 50 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. South Carolina and Mississippi. This large proportion of young chil- dren witnesses clearly to a very high birth rate on the island, and there- fore, as the population has not increased with very great rapidity and has not been much influenced by immigration or emigration, it testifies indirectly to a very high death rate. An examination of the preceding table shows also that during adult life, and especially the later years, the proportions, and therefore the numbers, in Porto Rico belonging to the successive quinquennial groups vary irregularly. For example, the proportion of persons between 50 and 55 is much larger than the proportion of persons between 45 and 50. One would expect the number in each group through middle life to fall below that of the next younger group by a somewhat con- stant proportion. That it does not is perhaps sufficiently obvious from the table, but the fact is more distinctly brought out in the fol- lowing derivative table: Number and per cent by which the reported population at the age group named fell below the number in the preceding age group. Age group. Difference between group named and preced- ing quin- quennial group. Per cent that difference ' makes of total in pre- ceding quinquennial group. 10-14 -19, 193 -31,205 - 4,673 - 4,210 -19, 948 -16,761 - 3,310 -17, 849 + 6,474 -17, 541 + 3,056 -11, 707 - 433 - 3,863 + 276 - 1,886 - 105 - 368 13.3 25.0 5.0 4.7 23.6 26.0 6.9 40.3 24.5 53.3 19.9 63.6 6.4 61.8 11.5 70.9 13.5 55.0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 ' 60-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 Such irregularity in the decrease with advancing years is counter to all the probabilities in the case. The most simple hypothesis that arises to explain it is errors in the reporting of ages. Where such errors occur they reveal themselves in the large number of persons whose age is reported as a multiple of 5 or especially of 10. Hence, as a result of this tendency, quinquennial groups containing a multiple of 10 are erroneously swollen and the intervening groups correspondingly diminished. An examination of the preceding table will show that this is true of the reported ages in Porto Rico. Farther evidence of the irregularity may be found in the following table. The number of persons in each quinquennial group has been compared with half the sum of the numbers in the groups immediately preceding and follow- ing. If the curve representing the population by age groups were a straight descending line (for a stationary population and through the CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899 PORTO RICO CONJUGAL CONDITION RACE, NATIVITY AND SEX 1 — I — . I ] SINGLE ! "J MARRIED | "I LIVING TOGETHER I WIDOWED WAGE EARNERS BY RACE AND NATIVITY Sa«888^J« AGRICULTURE TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION MANUFACTURES AND MINING I PERSONAL SERVICE ~] NATIVE WHITE FOREIGN WHITE - - ^ *.. .' ' c ■> '4-^ ^ -; ,, ._ \'\ O' ' ^ ; .N ^ V — SS k<\^ \ N §§^ ^ P ^ ^ ii ^ □ NATIVE WHITE FOREIGN WHITE OCCUPATIONS BY SEX 1 1 ■ 1 _L, X s \^\\ $ ^ *! ^ & ^ S ^ ^ ^Ks S ^ ^ ^ S^ ^ sVVs' S; ^^ n\ ^ 1 ~ 1 AGRICULTURE _| TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION f ] MANUFACTURES AND MINING | ] PERSONAL SERVICE NO OCCUPATION □ \;, : :'y;^ colored A.HoenS Co.6alto.Lith. AGE. 51 years of adult life it closely approaches a straight line), the number thus found would in each case be 100 per cent. The departures from 100 per cent, therefore, in the following table measure approximately, and the departures from the figures in the first column measure more accurately, the irregularity and probable error in the reported ages in Porto Rico. Columns for the United States and Cuba are introduced for comparison. Per cent that population in each quinquennial group makes of the arithmetical mean of population in the next younger and next older groups. Age group. English life table, No. 3. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). 5-9 84.2 96.8 100.4 100.4 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.4 100.6 101.0 101.4 101.6 100.4 95.8 85.8 69.6 50.4 104.5 105.2 87.6 99.8 105.4 97.7 87.7 119.6 68.6 157.5 59.9 167.9 54.3 128.3 54.3 175.0 47.1 140.0 128.8 109.0 95.4 97.0 101.2 100.4 97.4 107.2 83.8 123.0 73.4 144.0 60.6 128.4 53.8 157.2 42.4 146.4 103.2 99.6 99.2 105.2 97.0 100.6 99.6 96.6 99.2 105.6 88.4 108.6 93.6 100.0 86.8 87.0 66.2 58.4 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 By disregarding the first two age groups and finding for each fol- lowing group the differences between the figures in the first column and those in each other column, one obtains a measure of. the real or alleged excess or deficiency of population in certain age periods. Measure of excess ( + ) or deficiency ( — ) of population in age group named. Age group. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). 15-19 -12.8 - 0.6 + 5.2 - 2.5 —12.5 +19.4 -31.8 +56.9 -41.1 +66.5 -47.3 +37.9 -41.5 +89.2 -22.1 +89.6 - 5.0 - 3.4 + 1.0 + 0.2 - 2.8 + 7.0 -16.6 +22.4 -27.6 +42.6 -41.0 +28.0 -42.0 +71.4 —27.2 +96.0 - 1.2 + 4.8 - 3.2 + 0.4 - 0.6 - 3.6 - 1.2 + 5.0 -12.6 + 7.2 - 8.0 - 0.4 - 9.0 + 1.2 - 3.4 + 8.0 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39. . 40-44 45-49 50-54 65-59 60-64 . 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 In all three countries the population in age groups including a mul- tiple of 10 was usually in excess, and that in other age groups in deficiency. In Cuba the deviation from the standard after the age of 30. was greater and in most instances many times greater than in the United States, and in Porto Rico with few exceptions it was much greater than in Cuba. In the United States where ages are reported 52 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. by single years it can easily be shown that the irregularity of the age curve is due to the reporting of ages as 30, 40, etc. , when the persons are near but not at those ages. This tendency is most marked among the uneducated. The preceding table shows that in both of the Spanish West India islands a similar tendency is at work with greater effect than in the United States, and that in Porto Rico it is more influ- ential than in Cuba. Minor differences between the three countries may also be traced in the table. Thus, in both the West India islands, especially in Cuba, there seems to be a depletion of the age period 20 to 24 and a concentration on the following 5-year period, while in the United States the reverse is true. On the other hand, here is a very marked concentration in both islands on the age periods 40 to 44 and 70 to 74 which is lacking in the United States, where there is a curious avoidance of those periods in the reporting of ages. In a single case this explanation may be further tested. In Table IX the number of persons 20 years of age is given as well as those 21-24. In Farr's Life Table the persons 20 years of age are 20.3 per cent of the total in the group 20-24. In the United States the propor- tion for both sexes was 20.7, but as males in the United States are fond of saying they are of voting age, and the year 21 is a favored one with them, it may be better to compare the Porto Rican figures for this group with those for females in the United States. Of all females in the United States 20-24, 22.4 per cent reported themselves as 20 years of age. In Porto Rico, on the contrary, of all persons 20-24, 33.6 per cent reported themselves as 20. This confirms the explanation already offered, that the Porto Ricans stated their age in round numbers as some multiple of ten far more commonly than the Americans did in 1890. The per cent of the total population of each department belonging to each quinquennial age period is shown in the following table: Per cent of total population belonging to age period stated. Age period. Aguadilla. Arecibo. Bayamon. Guayama. Humacao. Mayaguez. Ponce. 0-4 16.2 15.2 13.0 9.6 8.9 8.5 6.8 4.9 4.7 2.7 3.5 1.7 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 15.9 15.8 13.2 9.7 9.2 8.9 6.9 5.0 4.6 2.5 3.3 1.4 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 15.8 14.9 12.9 9.9 9.3 9.0 6.6 5.1 4.5 2.9 3.2 1.7 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 16.7 15.7 13.2 9.5 9.0 8.7 6.6 4.7 4.5 2.6 3.4 1.6 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 16.5 15.1 13.3 9.4 8.7 8.4 6.4 4.9 4.6 3.1 3.6 1.7 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 14.7 13.9 12.8 10.3 9.5 8.7 7.0 5.2 5.0 3.0 3.7 1.8 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 15.3 5-9 14.9 10-14 13.0 15-19 9.9 20-24 9.8 25-29 9.2 30-34 6.8 35-39... 5.0 40-44 4.6 45-49 2.8 50 54 3.5 55-59. . . 1.5 60-64 1.8 65-69 0.6 70-74 0.6 75-79 0.2 80-64 0.3 85-89 0.1 90-94 0.1 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 AGE. 53 This table throws some light upon the table already given (p. 47), showing median age by departments. For example, from the for- mer table it appeared that the median age in Mayaguez was more than half a year higher than that of any other department. From the present table it appears that Mayaguez has a smaller proportion of children under 15, and a larger proportion of persons at each age period but one between 30 and 60, than any other department. The median age of the population is closely dependent upon the proportion of children under 15. This appears from the following table, in which the departments are arranged in the order of their median age, and the proportion of children under 15 to the total population is given: Department. ! Guayama . Arecibo ... Humacao . Aguadilla. Bayamon . Ponce Mayaguez. Proportion Median oi popula- age. tion under 15 years. 17.3 45.6 17.6 44.9 17.7 44.9 17.9 44.4 18.2 43.6 18.5 43.2 19.1 41.4 It will be seen that the departments with a low median age are uniformly those with a high proportion of children, while those with a high median age are those in which the proportion of children is smaller. In the same way, the high median age of the urban population is due to the small proportion of children under 15 found in the cities of Porto Rico. Treating the population of these cities as a unit, it appears that the children under 15 therein constituted only 32 per cent of the total population of the cities, while in the rest of Porto Rico such children constituted 44.9 per cent, a difference between city and country of. 12.9 per cent, or thrice that separating the two most diverse departments. AGE AND SEX. In Porto Rico the median age of the males is 17.5 years, while that of the females is 18.6 years; that is, the females were more than a year older than the males. In the United States in 1890 the males were four-fifths of a year older and in Cuba in 1899 more than eight- een months older than the females. Each sex in Porto Rico was much younger than the corresponding sex in Cuba or the United States. 54 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. The greater age of females is elucidated by the following table. It states the ratio between the total number of each sex in a given quin- quennial age group and the total of that sex at all ages. Age period. Per cent of — Excess of— Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-4 16.3 15.4 13.8 9.1 8.8 8.4 6.6 5.1 4.7 2.9 3.4 1.8 1.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 15.3 14.7 12.3 10.5 9.7 9.3 6.9 4.9 4.6 2.7 3.5 1.5 2.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 1.0 .7 1.5 .2 .1 .2 .3 .2 5-9 10-14 15-19 1.4 .9 .9 .3 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 .1 56-59 60-64 .3 65-69 70-74 .2 75-79 80-84 .1 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+ Total 100.0 100.0 From the preceding table it appears that in Porto Rico a much larger proportion of the males than of the females are under 15, but that this difference is almost entirely offset by the fact that among females a much greater proportion are between 15 and 30. The higher median age of females is thus due to the disproportionate number of males among children and apparently of females among young adults. After the age of 30 the proportion of the two sexes remains almost the same. It would appear from the table, however, that the propor- tion of males is greater in the age periods 55 to 59 and 65 to 69, while that of females is greater in the periods 50 to 54, 60 to 64, 70 to 74, and 80 to 84. This difference may plausibly be assigned to the greater inaccuracy with which the ages of Porto Paean women are returned. As already shown, a considerable number belonging outside the period including a multiple of ten have been returned as in these periods, and this tendency affecting women more powerfully than men has distorted in the table the real balance of the sexes during the higher age periods. To determine whether this hypothesis is correct the following table for the two sexes has been constructed in accordance with the method previously explained (p. 50, f.): CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1889. RACE. 55 Per cent that population in each quinquennial period makes of the arithmetical mean of population in the next younger and next older period. Age period. Males. Females. 25-29 108.1 98.4 90.6 117.6 70.2 148.3 67.4 143.1 63.6 114.8 62.9 135.8 112.3 96.8 84.7 121.7 66.7 167.5 52.8 195.0 46.5 163.0 46.7 198.4 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 Inspection of this table shows that, throughout, the females depart more widely than the males from the normal of 100 per cent, but that this difference between the two sexes, while constant, is comparatively slight up to the age of 50 years. Thereafter it is very striking. Corroborative evidence may be found in examining which sex was more fond of reporting the age as exactly 20. In a stationary popu- lation about 20.3 per cent of all persons between 20 and 25 are actually 20, but in Porto Rico 32.3 per cent of the males and 34.8 per cent of the females 20-24 reported themselves as 20. This shows that women's tendency to answer in round numbers even at this early age is a little higher than men's. One may safely conclude that erroneous statements of age, at least after middle life, are more common among Porto Rican women. Where errors of age occur during the later years, they are likely to exaggerate the real age. For example, in the United States in 1890, among every 100,000 colored, 128 claimed to be 90 years old or more, but among every 100,000 native whites of native parents, only 45 claimed to be 90 or more, yet the whites certainly live longer. As elderly Porto Rican women are more prone to report their ages in multiples of 10, so they are probably more prone to exaggerate their age, and part of the high proportion of women 70 years old or more may be thus explained. At the same time, as general experience tes- tifies to a somewhat lower mortality of women in civilized countries, the greater proportion of women in the later ages may probably be accepted as correct, although the census . figures exaggerate the difference. RACE. [See Tables V, VII, and IX.] With reference to race, the population of Porto Rico is divided by the census into two main classes — those who are and those who are not pure whites, or Caucasians. 56 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. The number belonging to each of these two classes is as follows: Race. Number. Per cent. White 589, 426 363,817 61.8 38.2 Total 953,248 100.0 The word "colored" in the preceding table includes a very few (75) Chinese and many persons of mixed white and negro blood, as well as the pure negroes. Somewhat more than three-fifths of the population of Porto Rico are pure white, and nearly two-fifths are partly or entirely negro. In the following table the proportions of white and colored in other West India Islands are given for comparison: Country or state. Date of census. Per cent of — White. Colored. 1891 1891 1891 1891 1891 1881 1897 1899 1899 2.3 4.0 6.0 8.1 8.6 25.3 38.4 61.8 66.9 97.7 96.0 94.0 91.9 91.4 74.7 61.6 38.2 33.1 St. Vincent i 1 According to Statesman's Year-Book for 1899. 1 Figures for race not given in census of 1891. These are all the West India islands for which the facts regarding race were accessible. The table shows that the two islands of Cuba and Porto Rico are exceptional in having a majority of whites. In all others the colored are more numerous, and in all except the Bermudas and Bahamas, both of which lie north of the sugar-producing islands, they are at least ten times more numerous than the whites. The other West India islands have a far smaller proportion of whites than any American state, but there are several American states with a smaller proportion of whites in 1890 than Porto Rico had in 1899. They are as follows: States "with smaller proportion of whites than Porto Rico. South Carolina Mississippi Louisiana Georgia Alabama Florida Virginia Porto Rico Per cent of whites in total pop- ulation. 40.1 42.3 49.9 63.3 55.1 57.5 61.6 61.8 All the American coast states from Virginia to Louisiana, inclusive, except North Carolina, had a smaller proportion of whites than Porto Rico. CENSUS OF PORTO RlCO 1899 v J— (VX «;lt-L.-V g 1 f° A J? 1» -,' ', _*'_ 5 \ * I \ S V k "T" ■!•( )- - - - ; - „ P) 100 T^bu ■-'!.£ i o io -| > 4P - j/" H O < 1 *> < O -a z G> — >S O ; o ID RACE. 57 The best collection of information regarding the numerical relations of the races at earlier periods has been found in Delitsch's article on Porto Rico, and from that source, eked out wherever possible by official censuses, the following table has been prepared: Bate of return. Total popu- lation. White. Colored. Per cent of— Whites. Colored. 1802 163,192 183, 014 230, 622 302, 672 323, 838 357, 086 583, 308 731, 648 798,565 890,911 953, 243 78,281 85,662 102, 432 150, 311 162, 311 188, 869 1300,406 411,712 474, 933 573, 187 589,426 84,911 97,352 128, 190 152, 361 161,627 168,217 282, 775 319,936 323, 632 317, 724 363, 817 48.0 46.8 44.4 49.7 50.1 52.9 51.5 66.3 59.5 64.3 61.8 52.0 53.2 55.6 50.3 49.9 47.1 48.5 43.7 40.5 35.7 38.2 1812 1820 1827 1830 1836 1860 1877 1887 1897 1899 1 Including 127 whose race was not stated. The proportion of whites was lowest and of colored highest about 1820, when only four-ninths of the population was white. Since that time the proportion of whites has tended upward, although not with entire regularity. Probably in Porto Rico, as in Cuba and the United States, the accuracy of the enumeration has varied. When omissions occur, they are usually more numerous among the colored than among whites. The irregularities in the preceding series of percentages may flow, therefore, from the varying accuracy of the several censuses. Still the general trend of the figures probably reflects a real change in the population whereby the proportion of whites has risen in eighty years from four-ninths to three-fifths of the population. But in considering the amount and presumably the influence of white blood in Porto Rico, attention should not be confined to the persons of pure white blood. Many of those ranked as colored have some degree of white blood in their veins. Perhaps the best statistical measure of this is the ratio that the persons of mixed blood bear to the total colored. By the last census five-sixths (83.6 per cent) of the total col- ored were returned as of mixed blood. Figures regarding race blend- ing can never be obtained with close accuracy by a census, and the results of an effort in this direction are always to be received with reserve. Yet the broad results in this case are probably of some value and may fairly be set beside the results of similar inquiries in the other West India islands and in the United States, as is done in the following table: Country. Date of census. Total colored. Persons of mixed blood. Per cent of mixed blood. 8t. Vincent i 1891 1890 1891 1891 1891 1891 1899 1899 31,559 7,638,360 122, 653 621, 176 166,693 4,397 620,400 363, 817 554 1,132,060 23, 320 121, 955 43,976 1,369 270, 805 304, 352 1.8 14.8 19.0 19.6 26.4 31.1 62.0 83.6 1 Figures from Statesman's Year-Book, 1899. 58 REPORT OK THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. In Porto Rico five-sixths of the colored appear or claim to have white blood also in their veins. In Cuba this is true of only half the colored population; in Jamaica, of one-fifth; in the United States, of one-seventh. This statistical evidence, reenforced as it is by the testi- mony of competent witnesses, probably warrants one in believing that persons of mixed blood are more numerous in Cuba and Porto Rico than in the other West Indies or in the United States, and more numerous in Porto Rico than in Cuba. The following table gives the proportion of mixed to total colored for those censuses for which the facts are obtainable: Date of return. Total colored population. Mulattoes. Per cent mulattoes. 1802 1 71, 578 79, 806 106, 460 120, 487 127,287 319, 936 323, 632 317,724 363,817 55,164 63, 983 86,269 95,430 100, 430 240, 701 246, 647 241,900 304,352 1 77.1 80.2 81.0 79.2 78.9 76.2 76.2 76.1 83.6 18121 1820 1 1827 1 1830 1 1877 1887... 1897 1899 1 Figures from Flinter's State of Puerto Rico, p. 206. They apply only to the free colored, not to the slaves. Throughout the century from three-fourths to five-sixths of the free colored in Porto Rico have had or claimed the blood of both races in their veins. Even if we assume that in 1802 all the 13,333 slaves in Porto Rico were of pure negro blood, still the mulattoes would have been two-thirds (65 per cent) of the total colored. The percentage column suggests that the proportion of mulattoes may have increased since 1877; but examination of the absolute figures shows an apparent increase in the two years 1897-1899 of 16,239 whites, and, with a smaller initial population, of 46,093 colored. The increase of colored was the balance of an increase of 62,152 mulattoes and a decrease of 16,509 negroes. That in two years whites should have increased 2.8 per cent and mulattoes 25.8 per cent, while negroes decreased 21.6 per cent, flies in the face of statistical probabilities. It is simpler and more likely to suppose that a certain number of col- ored persons who escaped enumeration in 1897 were enumerated in 1899 and that others who were enumerated as negroes in 1897 were returned in 1899 as mulattoes. 1 On the whole, therefore, no inference regarding the relative increase of mulattoes during the century can be drawn with confidence from the preceding table. Yet what indi- cations it affords point to a secular change whereby the pure negro blood has lost ground before the mixed, as the two together have apparently lost ground before the whites. In the following table the number and proportion of whites and of 1 Compare p. 85, f . BAOE. 59 colored in each department at the present census is stated. ,In order to call attention to the geographical distribution of the two races, the departments are arranged in the order of decreasing proportion of whites: Department. Aguadilla . Arecibo Mayaguez . Ponce Guayama.. Bayamon.. Humacao.. Total Absolute number of- White. 85,298 125, 059 82,044 121, 187 56, 805 78,228 40, 805 589, 426 Colored. 14,347 37,249 45,522 82,004 55,181 81, 818 47,696 363, 817 Percentages of — White. Colored. 85.6 77.1 64.3 59.6 50.7 48.9 46.1 61.8 14.4 22.9 35.7 40.4 49.3 51.1 53.9 To one who is familiar with the location of these departments, it is clear that the proportion of whites is greatest in the western depart- ments and decreases toward the east. In Aguadilla the proportion of whites is about the same as in Kentucky, while at the eastern end of Porto Rico it is about the same as in Louisiana. In general the proportion of whites is greater also in the northern departments. As one passes from west to east or from north to south the proportion of colored increases. If the 69 municipal districts be divided into two classes, the 40 which touch the seacoast and the 29 which do not, and the average proportion of whites in each class be computed, it appears that in the 29 interior districts the whites make up 66.3 per cent of the population; but in the 40 coast districts they are only 58.8 per cent. As the inland districts are usually the upland and cooler districts, it seems that the whites are somewhat more numerous relatively in the cooler parts of the island. In San Juan the proportion of whites (47.6 per cent) is much larger than in the neighboring municipal districts of Rio Piedras (38.0 per cent), or Carolina (39.1 per cent), but a little less than in Bayamon (51.1 per cent). In the other two large cities, Mayaguez and Ponce, the proportion of whites in the city is noticeably less than in the remainder of the municipal district embracing the city. City. Per cent of whites. In city. In rest of district. 59.8 55.3 68.2 62.2 Apparently the colored are somewhat massed in the cities. The difference in this regard between the capital and the other two cities may be due to the large number of foreign-born whites in San Juan. 1 1 2,873 as compared with 754 in Mayaguez and 1,182 in Ponce. See p. 189. 60 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF POETO EICO, 1899. RACE AND SEX. The following table shows the proportions of the sexes in the two races and for the three classes of colored distinguished by the census: Race. Number. Per cent. Per cent in Cuba. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Whites 294, 195 178, 066 29, 122 148, 878 66 295, 231 185, 751 30, 268 155, 474 9 49.9 48.9 49.0 48.9 88.0 60.1 51.1 51.0 51.1 12.0 53.5 48.4 47.7 46.3 98.9 46.5 51.6 52.3 53.7 1.1 Chinese Total 472,261 480, 982 49.5 50.5 51.8 48.2 There is a slight excess of females over males in Porto Kico, a numeri- cal relation much the same as in several American states along the Atlantic seaboard — e. g., New Hampshire, Connecticut, New York, Maryland — but quite different from that in Cuba. This excess of females is most marked among the persons of mixed blood. The same is true in Cuba, but with both the negro and the mixed the sexes are much nearer to an equality in numbers in Porto Rico. RACE AND AGE. In analyzing the figures for age the term median age was explained and the method of computing it set forth (p. 46). This concept enables one to state summarily the difference in age between the two races as in the following table. For purposes of comparison the figures for Cuba and the United States are included. Median age. Race. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). White 18.3 17.8 20.5 21.6 22.4 18.3 The table shows that the extreme youth of the population of Porto Rico already mentioned (p. 47) is true of both races. The whites of Porto Rico are about two years younger than those in Cuba and four years younger than those in the United States. The colored in Porto Rico are but little younger than those in the United States, half a year, but nearly four years younger than those in Cuba, where, b}*- a curious anomaly, the colored are older than the whites. Although this is not the place to dwell on the Cuban figures, it may be mentioned in pass- ing that the aged Chinese and African immigrants in Cuba are the main if not the entire cause of the anomaly. Where a race or social class maintains itself by excess of births over deaths, or natural increase rather than by immigration or transfer from other social classes, there a low median age is an indication of RACE. 61 low vitality and a short life. Where the population is growing with abnormal rapidity this inference may fail, but that explanation does not hold in Porto Rico. In the following table the age composition of the two races is indi- cated for Porto Rico, Cuba, and the United States by five-year periods: Per cent of total population of specified race in age period named. Age period. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States. White. Colored. White. Colored. White. Colored. 0^1 15.8 14.8 12.9 9.8 9.4 8.9 6.9 5.1 4.7 2.8 3.4 1.6 1.9 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 15.8 15.4 13.3 9.8 9.1 8.7 6.5 4.8 4.6 2.7 3.6 1.6 2.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 8.2 14.6 14.2 11.7 10.4 9.2 7.9 6.6 5.4 3.7 3.1 1.9 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 8.5 14.0 13.5 10.7 8.5 7.7 6.9 5.8 5.5 4.0 4.7 2.7 3.4 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 12.0 11.8 10.9 10.3 9.9 8.5 7.6 6.3 6.2 4.5 3.8 2.8 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1 13.9 14.5 13.7 11.6 9.8 7.7 5.7 5.6 4.2 3.7 3.1 1.9 1.8 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25 29 30-34 35-39 . . . 40-44 45-49 . . . 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 From the preceding table it appears that below the age of 20 in Porto Rico the colored are more numerous, but from that age to 50 the whites, and in old age, apparently, again the colored. Conceive two groups, one of 10,000 whites, the other of 10,000 colored, and of age distribution the same as that of the average in Porto Rico for these two races. The negro group would have 108 more children under 15, and 17 more elderly persons over 50. The white group would have 125 more between 15 and 50, or in the productive years of life. If we assume that these answers are correct and that persons under 15 and over 65 are dependent for support upon persons between those years, then under present Porto Rican conditions 1,000 self-supporting whites, men and women, must maintain on the average 837 young and old of the same race, while 1,000 colored must maintain 874, or 37 more dependents, the difference being due almost entirely to the larger proportion of children among the colored. The preceding table also shows by the concentration upon 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 that the colored in their answers report their ages more often than the whites as multiples of ten, and therefore are more inac- curate in their statements of age. The greater proportion of colored above the age of 50, as shown in the tables, is probably an error. The colored men and women, being more inaccurate in their statements of 62 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. age, are more prone to exaggerate it when past middle life, and this tendency more than offsets the probably smaller proportion of colored in the later years. NATIVITY. [See Tables V, VII, X, and XI.] The number of foreign born returned by the census is 13,872, or about 1.5 per cent of the total population. There are few regions in the Western Hemisphere in which the proportion of natives is so high and that of the foreign born so low. Even the southern portion of the United States as a whole had a greater proportion of foreign born, although eight of these states had a proportion slightly smaller than Porto Rico. In the other West Indies the proportion of foreign born ranged from 2 per cent in the Barbados to nearly 45 per cent in Trinidad, while in Cuba it was about seven times as great as in Porto Rico. Of the total foreign born, 11,422 were white, constituting 1.9 per cent of all the whites, and 2,450 were colored, or 0. 6 per cent of all the colored. Of the total number of foreigners, 5,935, or 43 per cent, were found in the three cities of San Juan, Ponce, and Mayaguez, thus illustrat- ing upon this island the general tendency of foreigners toward the cities. Of the total foreign born, 7,690, or 55 per cent, decidedly more than one-half, were born in Spain. These were nearly all of the white race. The whole of Spanish America contributed 1,542, of which 1,194 came from the West India islands. The United States contributed 1,069. From Africa were reported 427, of which 258 were colored. This is probably the last remnant of the imported slaves. China was repre : sented by but 68 persons. MALES OF VOTING AGE. [See Table XII.] This table presents the potential voters of Porto Rico, classified by race, by country of birth, and by literacy, with a view of determin- ing the effect upon them of making the ability to read and write a con- dition of the elective franchise. The element of foreign birth in Porto Rico is trifling in number and proportion and is quite uniformly distributed. Among the males of voting age only 3.8 per cent were of alien birth, 2.8 per cent being Spanish. The classification by birthplace and by citizenship shows that the two are practically identical. The people born in Spain or other countries and living on the island have, with few exceptions, retained their alien citizenship. On these accounts it is deemed unnecessary to pub- CITIZENSHIP. 63 lish the extended and complicated tables required to present citizenship as well as birthplace. In the following tables the males over 21 are classified as white and colored, and the whites as born in Porto Rico, born in Spain, and born in other countries. Each of these groups is then classified under the following heads: Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With superior education. In the following discussion it is to be understood that illiterates are those who can neither read nor write, the remainder being regarded as literates. The males of voting age in Porto Rico numbered 201,071. Classified by birthplace and race, they were as follows: Race and birthplace. Number. Per cent. 120, 296 6,662 2,104 73,010 69.8 2.8 1.1 36.3 Of the whites of Porto Rican birth 35,397 were literate, forming 29.4 per cent of all this class. Of the colored, 12,576 could read, or 17.2 per cent of all the colored. Under this educational qualification, therefore, the number of those entitled to vote in the island would be 47,973, or 25 per cent of the native males of voting age and 24 per cent of all males of voting age. Thus the suffrage would be restricted to about one-fourth of the males of voting age. The effect of such a provision upon the people of the several depart- ments is next to be considered. The following table shows the per- centage of males over 21 years of age in each department, classified by birthplace and race: Percentages of males SI + by nativity and race. Department. Aguadilla Arecibo. . . Bayamon. Guayama. Humacao. Mayaguez Ponce Native. 84.5 74.2 44.2 60.9 45.5 63.1 57.4 Spanish. 2.0 2.6 5.6 2.1 1.6 2.5 2.3 Other foreign. 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 Colored. 13.0 22.8 48.1 46.5 62.3 33.4 Total native of both races. 97.5 97.0 92.3 97.4 97.8 96.5 96.2 The last column is formed by the addition of columns 1 and 4 on the assumption that all the colored are natives, an assumption which is very nearly correct. 64 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. It is seen that the whites of Porto Rican birth ranged from 44.2 per cent in Bayamon up to 84.5 in Aguadilla; that the persons of Spanish birth ranged from 1.5 per cent in Humacao up to 5.6 per cent in Baya- mon, and that persons of other foreign birth ranged from 0.4 per cent in Arecibo up to 2.1 per cent in Bayamon. The high percentage of persons of Spanish and other foreign birth in this department is due to the fact, of course, that it contains the large and important commer- cial city of San Juan. The colored ranged from 13 per cent in Agua- dilla up to 52. 3 per cent in Humacao, the latter department having four times as many proportionally as the former. Including the colored, the proportion of males of voting age who were of native birth was smallest in Bayamon, where it was 92.3 per cent, and highest in Huma cao, where it was 97.8 per cent. With the exception of Bayamon, no department contains more than 3.8 per cent of foreign born, Ponce containing this proportion, Mayaguez 3.5, while the other provinces contain less than 3 per cent each. The following table shows in each department the number of native white and of colored literates, with the proportion which they bear to ■^he total among males 21 years of age. Number and proportion of literates. Department. Literate native whites. Literate colored. Literate foreign whites. Per cent of literates to all males of voting age. Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Aguadilla 3,684 5,648 5,205 3,664 2,487 6,179 8,530 21.0 22.4 35.5 32.0 30.0 35.0 33.4 539 979 3,303 1,289 1,240 1,968 3,258 20.1 12.6 20.7 12.3 12.9 21.1 18.9 443 816 2,394 549 365 864 1,533 23 22 33 24 22 32 30 Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez We see that among the native whites the proportion of literates to all native white males of voting age ranged from 20.5 per cent in Aguadilla up to 35.5 per cent in Bayamon. Aguadilla and Arecibo seem to be together with a low percentage of literates, all the other departments containing 30 or more per cent in that class. Among the colored the smallest percentage of literates was found in the department of Guayama, where it was 12.3 per cent; or, in other words, fewer than 1 in 8 could read. From this it ranged up to 21.1 per cent in Mayaguez, at the west end of the island. Here rather more than 1 in 5 were able to read. The fifth column presents the number of literates among those born in Spain and other countries. These figures are given for the pur- pose of comparison with the literates of native birth, and show that the latter far outnumber them. Indeed, the only department in which the native literates were not many times as numerous as the foreign CONJUGAL CONDITION. 65 born was Bayamon, and here the latter were outnumbered in the pro- portion of 3.5 to 1. The last column gives the proportion which the number of actual voters will bear under a literacy qualification to the total number of native males over 21 years of age. This per cent ranges from 22 in Arecibo and Humacao up to 33 in Bayamon, which department, therefore, has the proud distinction of possessing the smallest propor- tion of illiterates among its native population. In the cities of San Juan and Ponce is concentrated a considerable part of the foreign element of the island, and here, if anywhere, will the restriction of the suffrage to literates give the foreign born an advantage. It is well, therefore, to examine the conditions in these two cities. The following table shows in the cities of San Juan and Ponce the number of males 21 years of age and over who could read among the white natives of the island, the whites of Spanish birth, the whites born in other countries, and the colored. Race and birthplace. San Juan literates. Ponce lit- erates. 1,925 1,100 592 1,822 2,190 409 268 1,265 It appears that in the city of San Juan the native whites and the colored each outnumbered the foreign element, while together they outnumbered them nearly 2.5 to 1. In Ponce this proportion was even greater, the native whites being more than three times and the colored twice as numerous as the foreign element. CONJUGAL CONDITION. [See Tables XIII-XVL] The census schedules classified the population as regards conjugal condition into three groups — single, married, and widowed. Since the Roman Catholic Church does not permit divorces, the class of divorced persons is not represented. There is, however, another class represented in Porto Rico, as in Cuba, which consists of persons living together in the conjugal rela- tion without religious or legal sanction. This class, which is large not only in these islands but in much of Spanish America, probably owes its existence to the fact that throughout these countries the only legal authority for sanctioning marriage is the Catholic Church, and the expense attendant upon the wedding ceremony has caused it to be waived in large numbers of cases. Such unions by mutual consent, while commonly regarded in the United States as binding, have not been so regarded in Porto Eico, Cuba, or other parts of Spanish America, 8490—00 5 66 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RIOO, 1899. and the children resulting therefrom are regarded as illegitimate. An attempt has been made to distinguish and tabulate the members of such unions, and while the results are probably below the truth, they are believed to be valuable, at least as indicating the minimum number of this class. The population of Porto Rico, as regards conjugal condition, was distributed as follows among these four classes, expressed in percent- ages of the total number of inhabitants of the island: Single - 69. 7 Married - - - - - - - 16-6 Living together by mutual consent — - - - 8. 8 Widowed --- 4.9 100.0 THE SINGLE. Of the total population of Porto Rico nearly seven-tenths (69. 7 per cent) were single. This proportion, which is exceedingly large, is comprised in great part of children. Excluding them from considera- tion and considering only that portion of the population which is 15 years of age and over, it is found that 45.9 per cent of what may be thus regarded as the adult population were single. Including those living together by mutual consent among the single, the percentage of single among those over 15 years of age was increased to 61.7 per cent. These proportions also are exceedingly large — much greater than in most countries of the earth. The corresponding proportion in the United States in 1890 was 36.9 per cent. The following table gives the corresponding proportion in most of the leading countries of the earth: Country. Hungary 1 Mexico France Italy Denmark United States Germany England and Wales . Austria Sweden Netherlands Switzerland Belgium Turks Island Guatemala 2 Scotland Date of census. 1890 1895 1886 1881 1890 1890 1890 1891 1890 1890 1889 1888 1890 1891 Per cent of single to popu- lation 15+. 23.2 34.9 35.3 36.5 36.7 36.9 38.3 39.6 40.4 40.7 40.8 42.8 43.9 43.9 44.7 45.2 Country. Chile Porto Rico 3 New Zealand Costa Rica Argentina Queensland Ireland British Honduras . Cuba" Leeward Islands . . Barbados Porto Rico* Trinidad 6 Cuba' Martinique Date of census. 1885 1899 1S91 1892 1895 1891 1891 1891 1899 1891 1891 1899 1891 1899 1894 Per cent of single- to popu' Union 15+. 45.3 45.9 46.4 47.5 47.9 48. 3 50.8 51.4 53.4 57.7 61.5 61.7 63.5 66.6 78.5 1 Population 16+ is the basis. 2 Population 14+ is the basis. 3 Excluding persons living together by mutual consent. 4 Including persons living together by mutual consent. 6 Excluding the East Indians. Throughout the following discussion the persons living in consensual unions, as well as the married and widowed, will be excluded from tha CENSUS OF PORTO RICO I8SS. PORTO RICO CONJUGAL CONDITION BY RACE, SEX AND AGE WHITES MALES FEMALE6 1 ! 1 i — T 1 I t j i I i i 1 ! 1 1 1 1 £ !|. 1 Ml! ! i j 1 1 age: groups 65 and over 55-64 35-44 30-34 25-29 30-84 15-19 COLORED MALES FEMALES . i 1 L 1 ji 1, | 1, 1 1 1 1 ,1 1 l I | l! . I - I ' 1 III 1 ! 1 1 1 SINGLE j | MARRIED AGE GROUPS 65 and over 55-84 35-44 30-34 85-aii 20-24 15-19 LIVING TOGETHER AHnenft Co.Balto Lith. CONJUGAL CONDITION. 67 single. Furthermore, the discussion will be confined, as regards nativity, to the native white and the colored elements, since the foreign whites form so small a proportion of the population as to be practically negligible. The following table shows the proportion of single among the native white males and females and the colored males and females: Per cent. Native whites 68. 6 Male 71.5 Female 65. 8 Colored 72.1 Male 73.6 Female 70.6 As is seen, the males were relatively in excess in both races, and among the whites to a great extent. The following tables show the distribution of the single by age, sex, and race, expressed in percentages of the total number of persons in the several age groups: Percentages of single. Age group. Native white. Colored. Male. Female. Male. Female. 15-19 98.5 82.1 49.8 29.9 19.5 13.7 10.2 8.6 88.7 54.9 33.4 24.9 19.5 17.1 16.2 16.0 98.1 80.0 51.6 34.9 24.7 20.1 16.5 19.1 89.1 61.1 41.9 36.4 31.1 30.6 32.4 36.2 20-24 26-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ At the same ages the proportion of single among the males was, in the earlier years, greater than among the females. This extended among the whites up to the age of 35, beyond which the proportion of single females became the greater. Among the colored it extended to the age of 30, beyond which the proportion among the females was greater. Among the native whites, both males and females, the proportion of single diminished steadily through all ages, but among the colored it reached a minimum and then increased again. This minimum was reached among colored males at the age period of 55 to 64 years, and among females at the age period of 45 to 54 years. This phenomenon is doubtless due to the fact, as will appear hereafter, that consensual unions are much more common among the colored than among the whites, and that when such unions cease by the death of one or the other member the remaining member is placed among the single instead of being regarded as widowed. The distribution of the single among the several departments of Porto Rico shows great uniformity, the proportion of the single to the total population ranging from 68. 5 up to 71. 5 per cent, the latter 68 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RIOO, 1899. proportion being found in the department of Bayamon, which includes the city of San Juan. The following table shows the percentages in the several departments: Percentage of single. Humacao 69. 8 Mayaguez 68. 4 Ponce 70.3 Aguadilla 68. 5 Arecibo 68. 5 Bayamon 71.5 Guayama 69. 9 The fact that the department of Bayamon contained a larger propor- tion of single than any other of the seven departments indicates that the proportion of single was greater in urban than in rural districts. That this is true is shown by the fact that in the largest three cities of Porto Rico, taken collectively, the proportion of single was 71 per cent, while in the remainder of the island, which may be regarded as rural districts, the proportion was 69.6 per cent. THE MARRIED. In this discussion two groups of married persons will be considered: One, those legally married under the forms of the church; the other, the consensual unions already referred to. These will be discussed both together and separately. The proportion which the legally married bore to the total popula- tion was 16.6 per cent, or about one-sixth. The proportion of the inhabitants who were associated in consensual unions was 8.8 per cent, or a little more than one-half of those legally married. Hence the proportion of those living together in the marriage relation was 25.4 per cent. This is a very small proportion, smaller than in any Euro- pean country and much smaller than in the United States in 1890, where it was not less than 35.7 per cent. The following table shows the proportion of those married and of those living together by mutual consent and their sum, in each of the seven departments of the island: Department. Married. Living together by mutual consent. Sum of two. 20.8 19.1 16.2 15.2 13.5 17.7 16.2 6.4 7.3 8.8 10.4 12.3 8.2 9.9 26.2 26.4 24.0 25.6 25.8 25.9 25.1 Thus it appears that while there was c msiderable variation in the proportion of married in the several departments, ranging from 13.5 per cent in Humacao up to 20. 8 in Aguadilla, these differences are very CONJUGAL CONDITION. 69 nearly offset by corresponding differences in the proportion of those living together by mutual consent, which range from 5.4 in Aguadilla, where the proportion of married was greatest, up to 12.3 in Humacao, where the proportion of married was least, making the figures in the fourth column, which express the proportion of those living together under the legal sanction of marriage, together with those living together by mutual consent, very nearly the same in all the depart- ments. Furthermore, it will be noted that those departments in which the proportion of all the married was the smallest, namely, Bayamon and Ponce, were those containing the only two large cities of the island, San Juan and Ponce. This difference between the urban and rural parts of the island is, furthermore, brought out in the statement that, while the proportion of married in the three cities of San Juan, Ponce, and Mayaguez, together, is 14.6, in the rest of the island, which may be regarded as a rural region, the corresponding proportion was 16.8, while the proportion of those living together by mutual consent was the same in both the cities and the rural districts. Classified by race, it appears that the proportion of those legally married was greater, and of those living in consensual unions was less, among the whites than among the colored, while the propoi'tion of the two classes together was somewhat larger among the whites than among the colored, as appears in the following table: Race. Married. Irr consen- sual unions. Total. 19.1 12.0 7.0 11.8 26.1 23.8 It appears, furthermore, from the above that the proportions of married and of those living together among the colored were very nearly equal. Classifying the married and those living in consensual unions by sex, as well as by race, shows the following results, expressed in percent- ages of the total number of each class: Race and Sex. Married. In consen- sual unions. Both. Native white: 18.6 19.5 12.4 11.7 7.1 7.0 11.8 11.7 25.7 26.5 24.2 23.4 Colored: Thus it appears that the proportion of the married among the white females was somewhat larger than among the males, while those in con- sensual unions were about equal. Among the colored there was no decided difference in either class. 70 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Classified by age, as well as race and sex, the following results appear: Race, sex, and age. Native white males: 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65+ years.. * Native white females 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years — 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65+ years Colored males: 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years — 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years — 55 to 64 years 65+ years Colored females: 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 66+ years Married. 0.6 10.0 31.3 46.2 64.1 69.6 00.5 54.4 6.8 28.9 43.5 48.6 50.0 42.0 30.0 17.1 0.5 6.8 19.1 29.7 35.1 42.3 46.8 42.5 4.3 15.4 24.2 27.0 29.7 29.0 21.6 12.4 In consen- sual unions. 0.9 7.4 17.4 21.2 21.2 16.1 10.1 CO 4.4 15.0 19.6 19.1 14.1 7.0 2.8 1.1 1.3 12.9 28.4 33.4 36.2 28.8 21.6 14.6 6.4 22.6 31.6 31.6 26.8 14.5 7.8 2.8 1.5 17.4 48.7 67.4 75.3 75.7 70.6 60.4 11.2 43.9 63.1 67.6 64.1 49.0 32.8 18.2 1.8 19.7 47.5 63.1 71.3 71.1 68.4 67.1 10.7 38.0 55.8 58.6 56.5 43.5 29.4 15.2 Thus it appears that among the native white males the maximum proportion of married occurred in the age group between 55 and 64 years, where it reached three-fifths of the whole number, while among those living together by mutual consent the maximum occurred about the age of 35 years. Among the native white females the maximum proportion of married occurred between the ages of 35 and 44 years, where one-half of this class were married. The subsequent diminution in the proportion of this class is explained by the increase in the pro- portion of widowed, as will be shown later. The maximum propor- tion of those living together by mutual consent occurred between the ages of 35 and 44 years, where it reached one-fifth of the total number. Among colored males the maximum proportion occurred, as among the white males, between the ages of 55 and 64, and the maximum among those living together by mutual consent between 35 and 44 years. Among the colored females the maximum among the married was found between 35 and 44 years, and of those living together by mutual consent at about the age of 30. The map opposite this page shows the proportion which those in con- sensual unions bore to the married in various parts of Porto Rico. A study of it shows that the consensual unions were relatively most numer- ous in the eastern and southeastern parts of the island, especially on CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899 . CONJUGAL CONDITION. n the eastern half of the south coast. Of the total number of municipal districts in the island, 35 contained a larger proportion of consensual unions than the average of the island, and in 9 municipal districts consensual unions were more numerous than lawful marriages. THE WIDOWED. Of the inhabitants of Porto Rico, 4. 9 per cent, or nearly one in twenty, were widowed. The proportion of widowed among native whites (5.3 per cent) was greater than the average of the island, and that of the colored (4.1 per cent) considerably less. This is due to the fact, as shown above, that consensual unions were more numerous relatively among the colored, and that upon the dissolution of such union by the death of one of the members the other became classed with single rather than with widowed. The widowed native white males formed 2.8 per cent only of the population, and the widowed native white females not less than 7.7 per cent. The corresponding figures for the colored were, for males 4.1, and for females 6 per cent. The following table shows the distribution of the widowed by race, sex, and age: Age period. 15 to 19 years . 20 to 24 years . 25 to 29 years . 30 to 34 years . 35 to 44 years . 45 to 54 years . 55 to 64 years . 65+ years Native white males. 0.4 1.5 2.7 5.2 10.6 19.2 30.6 Native white females. 0.1 1.1 3.5 7.5 16.4 33.9 51.0 65.7 Colored males. 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.9 4.0 8.8 15.1 23.8 Colored females. 0.2 0.9 2.3 5.0 12.4 25.9 38.1 48.5 As will be seen, the proportion of widowed increased steadily with advancing age among all classes. It reached in the native white males 30.6 per cent at the oldest age, and among the colored males 23.8 per cent, while among females it reached 65.7 per cent among the native whites and 48. 5 per cent among the colored. There was here, there- fore, as elsewhere, a much larger proportion of widowed among females than among males. This excess is in part due to the fact that the death rate is greater as an average, among married couples, with men than with women, on account of the greater average age of the husband, and in part to the fact that more men remarry than women, and, to a considerable extent at least, select single women rather than widows. EDUCATION. As far as history throws any light on the subject, it would appear that prior to the year 1799 there were no schools in Porto Rico, outside of the cities of San Juan and San German, which had free schools for girls, where needlework and the catechism of the Catholic Church were 72 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RIOO, 1899. taught, a class in philosophy established by the Dominican monks, and a few private schools attended by the children of the wealthier citizens. During the next forty years a number of private schools and a few colleges were opened, but it was not until 1845 that public primary schools were provided for. For a full account of education in Porto Rico the reader is referred to Senate Document 363, Fifty -sixth Con- gress, publishing the report of Gen. George W. Davis, Military Gov- ernor of the island. The system was the same as that of Spain, which is fully described in the Report of the Census of Cuba. On June 30, 1898, there were in existence in Porto Rico 380 public schools for boys, 148 for girls, 1 for adults, and 26 private schools, having an enrollment of 44,861 pupils. The total amount annually expended, including the subsidy granted by the insular government to private schools, was 309,810.75 pesos, or $185,886.45. At the end of the school year 1899 there were 525 public schools, having a total attendance of 21,873 pupils, at a cost of $203,373. The number of children of school age at that time without school facilities was 268,630. Gen. Guy V. Henry, IT. S. A., who succeeded General Brooke as Military Governor, took an early interest in education, and on May 1 established a code of school laws which provided for school boards in all municipal districts in which schools were in operation and abol- ished many of the evils of the Spanish school system, as, for example, the payment of fees by parents who could afford it, and the teaching of religion and church doctrine. He established a teachers' manual and free text-books, graded the schools, and made provision for high schools, and the necessary professional schools. Under Gen. George W. Davis these laws were carefully revised and modified by the introduction of many beneficial changes suggested by experience. On August 12, 1899, General Davis substituted for the bureau of education an insular board of education having general charge of public instruction. The first public school building was erected under his supervision in 1899 in the city of San Juan. Others will doubtless follow as funds become available in the various municipalities. As in Cuba, no subject is of greater importance to the inhabitants of these islands than the education of the children who will in time be called on to perform the duties and assume the full responsibilities of citizenship. LITERACY. [See Tables XVII and XIX.] A census can take cognizance of the degree of education of a people only as it is indicated by certain simple tests, which refer usually to formal or book education, not because that is necessarily the most LITERACY. 73 important, but because it is the most easily tested. The tests used by the present census were attendance at school, ability to read, ability to write, and possession of higher education. It is obvious that attend- ance at school certifies nothing regarding a person's educational attainments, yet if the entire population is to be classed according to degree of education some assumption must be made regarding children attending school. It can not introduce serious error to give such chil- dren the benefit of the doubt and assume that all of them were able to read and write, but that all under 10 j r ears of age and not attending school were not able to read. On these assumptions the population of Porto Rico may be classed as follows: Persons in Porto Rico Number. Per cent of total. With higher education Able to read and write Able to read Population answering educational questions 5,045 143,472 158,852 951,836 0.5 15.0 16.6 100.0 In the preceding table the classes are not mutually exclusive, but each succeeding class includes all those in the preceding. From this table the following may be derived by taking the differences in the successive numbers of the preceding: Persons in Porto Rico Number. Per cent. 5,045 138,427 15,380 792,984 1,407 0.5 14.5 1.6 83.2 0.2 Total 953,243 100.0 From this table it appears that the three classes of those able to read, but unable to write, those with higher education, and those not answering the educational questions, including together less than one- fortieth of the total population, were numerically insignificant. Attention, therefore, may be centered on the other two classes. The several departments of Porto Rico had the following numbers and proportions of persons able to read: Department. Popula- tion. Able to read. Number. Per cent. Aguadilla Arecibo Humacao Guayama Ponce Bayamon Mayaguez v Porto Rico. 99,645 162, 308 88,501 111,986 203, 191 160, 046 127,566 953,243 12,277 20, 030 12, 222 16, 730 36, 359 33, 740 27,494 158, 852 12.3 12.3 13.8 14.9 17.8 21.0 21.5 16.6 74 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. In the whole island about one person in six is able to read. The seven departments fall into two groups, four in which the percentage of persons able to read is below the average of the island, and three in which it is above. These three, it will be seen, are those which contain the three cities of Mayaguez, Ponce, and San Juan. It is likely, therefore, that ability to read is more prevalent among the inhabitants of these cities than in the rural districts. The following table presents the facts on this point: City. Popula- tion. Able to read. Number. Percent. 15, 187 27,952 32,048 7,826 12, 934 16, 618 51.5 46.2 51.8 75, 187 878,056 37, 378 121, 474 49.7 13.8 This table shows that in the three cities of Porto Rico about half the population are able to read, a proportion nearly four times that in the rest of the island. Accordingly it seems fairer to compare the three departments containing these cities with the other four only after the urban population has been excluded. This is done in the following table: Department. Rural popula- Bayamon. Mayaguez Ponce 127, 998 112, 379 175, 239 Able to read. Number. Per cent. 17, 122 19, 668 23,425 13.4 17.5 13.4 This table, supplementing that on page 73, shows that outside the large cities ability to read is much more general in the department of Mayaguez than in any other, and that next to this come the two departments at the eastern end of the island, Guayama and Humacao, while the two northwestern departments, Aguadilla and Arecibo,*have the smallest proportion of persons able to read. This result is sur- prising in that it shows that the departments containing a very high proportion of colored (p. 59) have also a large proportion of literates, while the departments containing the largest proportion of whites are those in which illiteracy is most common. From an examination of the table showing by departments the proportion of population living in cities of 1,000 inhabitants and over (p. 44), it appears that those depart- ments with the smallest population able to read are just the ones which have the smallest proportion of urban population, while Guayama has, after Bayamon, the highest proportion of urban population, and Humacao has a proportion decidedly higher than that for either Aguadilla or Arecibo. It seems probable, therefore, that the propor- '§?*§ t A i SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 75 tion of population residing in the smaller cities exercises more influence than the proportion of whites in determining the proportion of literates. The following figures show the returns of literacy at the censuses of 1860 and 1887 as compared with the present: Census. Popula- tion. Number able to read. Per cent able to read. 1860 683, 181 806, 708 963,243 51,386 111,380 158, 852 8.8 13.8 16.6 1887 1899 These figures show that the proportion of literates in the total popula- tion has increased from 8 to 16 per cent in forty years. Notwithstand- ing this slight increase, the proportion of illiterates in Porto Rico is higher than in any of the states of this Union or any of the other West Indian islands. Guatemala is the only country in the region for which statistics are obtainable, where the proportion of illiterates is higher than in Porto Rico. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. [See Tables XVII and XX.] The total number of persons attending school in Porto Rico during the year preceding November 10, 1899, was 26,212, or between 2 and 3 per cent of the total population. But in the discussion on age it was shown (p. 49) that the children in Porto Rico between 5 and 15 years old, and so at the age when school attendance is most common, were unusually numerous. Hence it is better to compare the children attending school with those of school age. From Table XX (p. 267) it appears that only 414 children under 5 or over 17 years of age attended school — that is, about 1.5 per cent of the entire number. The school age may therefore be assumed to be 5-17, and the slight proportion of persons over or under these limits neglected. Number and per cent of children attending school. Country. Population 5-17. Persons 6-17 attend- ing school. Number. Per cent. 322, 393 25, 798 8.0 It has already been shown that the proportion of persons able to read, and probably also the proportion of children attending school, was much higher in the cities of Porto Rico than in the rural districts. In the following table the facts for the two cities included in Table XX are given. 76 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Number and per cent of school children in cities. City. Population 5-17. Persons 5- 17 attend- ing school. Number, j Per cent. 7,904 8,886 1, 877 i 23. 7 1,901 21.3 16,790 3,778 | 22.5 On the average in the two cities less than one-fourth of the children 5 to 17 attended school during the year preceding the census. If the figures for these two cities be subtracted from all Porto Rico, the following results are reached: Number and per cent of school children in rural districts. Region. Population 5-17. Persons 5-17 attend- ing school. Number. Per cent. Porto Rico outside two cities of 25,000 305, 603 22,020 7.2 In the rural districts of Porto Rico less than one-fifteenth of the children between 5 and 17 years of age attended school during the year preceding the census, but in the large cities the proportion was a little more than three times as great. In the following table the figures are given for the seven depart- ments after the two large cities have been excluded: Number and per cent of school children in rural districts, by departments. Department. Arecibo Ponce Aguadilla Bayamon Humacao Guayama Mayaguez Porto Rico Population 5-17. 56,388 60, 369 33, 766 44,817 30,038 38,537 41,688 305, 603 Persons 5-17 attend- ing school. Number. Per cent. 3,313 3,604 2,096 3,150 2,361 3,228 4,268 22,020 6.8 5.9 6.2 7.0 7.8 8.3 10.2* The conspicuous position of Mayaguez agrees with the results of the analysis regarding ability to read (p. 74), but in the present table the position of this department is influenced. by the inclusion of the city of Mayaguez. Here, too, one notices that the proportion of children attending school, like the proportion of literates, is lowest in the two northwesterly departments, where the proportion of whites is highest, while the two departments of XT "macao and Guayama come next to Mayaguez in the proportion Oj. children attending SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 77 school, notwithstanding the fact that about half of their population is colored. That there is a rough correlation between the rank of the depart- ments in the order of school attendance and in the order of literacy, appears from the following lists: Increasing literacy: Arecibo. Ponce. Aguadilla. Bayamon. Humacao. Guayama. Mayaguez. in the order of Increasing school attendance: Aguadilla. Arecibo. Bayamon. Ponce. Humacao. Guayama. Mayaguez. School attendants classified by sex. — The following table gives the facts for Porto Rico by sex: Number and per cent of school children by sex. Sex. Population 5-17. Persona 5-17 attend- ing school. Number. Per cent. 162,838 159,555 15,273 10, 525 9.3 6.5 Total 322, 393 25, 798 8.0 The proportion of males attending school is much higher than that of females, and so great a difference in this respect is unusual. School attendants classified by age. — In the following table the pro- portion of school attendants in the several age classes is given: Number and per cent of school children by age. Age period. Population. School at- tendants. Per cent attend- ing school. 0-4 150,403 143,546 124,353 54,494 480,447 209 10,254 14,492 1,052 205 0.1 7.1 11.6 1.9 5-9 10-14 15-17 Total 953, 243 26, 212 2.7 The one noticeable feature of the preceding table is the relatively small proportion of children between 5 and 10 years of age who were attending school, and the sharp maximum in the proportion for the age period 10-14. In Cuba the proportions of children of these two age periods attending school are more nearly alike. 78 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. School attendants classified by race.— The following table gives the facts regarding school attendance for Porto Rico, by race: Number and per cent of school children, by race. Race. Population 5-17. Persons 5-17 attend- ing school. Number. Per cent. White 196, 961 125, 432 17, 516 8,282 8.8 6.6 Total 322, 393 25, 798 8.0 The proportion of colored children attending school is slightly less than the proportion of white children, but the difference between the two races in this regard is comparatively slight. In the following table the proportion of school attendants for each race is given by departments: Department. Aguadilla. Arecibo... Ponce Humacao. Bayamon. Guayama . Mayaguez Per cent of school attendants among children 5 to 17 years old. White. 6.0 6.1 8.8 10.3 11.1 11.1 11.9 Colored. 7.2 5.1 6.7 5.7 7.7 6.5 7.3 The proportions of school attendants in the several departments do not vary for the two races in the same way. In Arecibo both races have few children in school and in Mayaguez both have many, but in Aguadilla, relatively to the other departments, there are few white and many colored school children, and in Guayama there are many white and few colored. Hence school attendance among the two races must be influenced by somewhat different conditions. LITERACY AMONG PERSONS OVER TEN TEARS OF AGS. [See Tables XVII and XVIII.] It is hardly accurate to include infants with the illiterate, even though they can not read, for the word "'illiterate" implies that the person has advanced at least out of infancy into childhood. Hence it is the usual practice for a census in gathering information on this topic to disregard all children under a specified age. This has not been done in the censuses of Spain or of the Spanish colonies, but in American census practice all children under ten are omitted from the illiteracy tables. Such a classification is made in the present census of Porto Rico, and will be regarded in the following discussion. For reasons already explained, only two classes will be considered — those who are CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899 . IDD C ,-«. ' ^ JtJ it y * > . '-,i r-v ■* t -j=? &-"'' v?„ t'|-. 1 I is. 1P\ ° IK. n lv; o T3° •: 5 { " 1 ? s i > 5 O Sen 33 s fH > 3 5 _ o *! z -D -n *T 1# f j r% fTl O ■ " o S o s 1 Or, \i 3/ k LITERACY. 79 and those who are not able to read, facts for all Porto Rico: The following table gives the Class. Population 10+. Per cent. 149, 796 509, 498 22.7 77.3 Total 669, 294 100.0 About one-fourth of the population of Porto Rico, excluding young children, were able to read, a proportion decidedly less than that in any American state. The following table shows for the several departments the number and proportion of persons able to read. The departments are arranged in the order of increasing proportion of literates. Department. Total popu- lation 10+. Aguadilla Arecibo Humacao Guayama Ponce Mayaguez Bayamon Porto Rico 68, 307 110, 832 60, 539 75, 750 141, 901 91,052 110,913 659, 294 Persons able to read. 11,454 18, 796 11, 574 15, 497 34, 390 25,931 32,154 149, 796 Per cent able to read. 16.8 17.0 19.1 20.5 24.2 28.5 29.0 22.7 Here, as in the previous discussion, it appears that the part of the island most imperfectly provided with school facilities, and offering the least evidence of even elementary educational attainments, is in the northwest — Aguadilla and Arecibo. The three departments having the highest proportion of persons able to read are the departments con- taining cities of some size. The per cent of persons over 10 who were able to read has also been computed for each municipal district and will be found graphically represented on the map facing this page. While it is not worth while to present here the figures for each district, since they can readily be computed from the data in Table XVII, it may be of interest to present the ratios for a few districts having the largest and smallest propor- tions of literates. The first five and last five districts in this respect were as follows: Municipal district. Per cent of persons 10+ able to read. Municipal district. Per cent of persons 10+ able to read. 63.7 41.6 61. S 38.3 65. 5 30.8 29.8 12.4 12.2 11.7 11.3 9.9 80 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. The preceding figures show clearly the degree to which the elements of education are confined to the cities of Porto Rico. Each of the three cities has a percentage of persons over 10 able to read, almost twice as high as the highest of the 66 municipal districts not contain- ing a large city. As nearly 2,000 years ago the elements of Chris- tianity spread first through the cities of the Roman Empire, while the inhabitants of the villages and rural districts clung to the earlier faith until the residents of the village (pagus) or of the country (heath) came to be identified as pagans and heathen with the believers in the religion that was passing away, so at the present time in Porto Eico and Cuba the elements of education seem to have spread mainly or exclusively in the cities, leaving the country folk to ignorance. This illiteracy presses upon both races alike, and so far as one can judge from the geographical position alone, it is not true in Porto Rico, as in the United States, that illiteracy is most prevalent where the colored race is in largest proportions. For the five municipal districts in Porto Rico given in the preceding list as having the smallest proportions of persons able to read have, respectively, beginning with Rincon, 14.1 per cent, 21. 7 per cent, 62 per cent, 11. 7 per cent, and 15.9 per cent of colored population, while the average for the whole island is 38.2 per cent. If one examines the location on the map of Porto Rico of the muni- cipal districts with largest and smallest proportion of persons able to read, one notices that the districts with the best educated population seem to lie along the coast, while the districts having the most illiter- ate population generally lie in the interior. In order to determine whether this is a general fact, the percentage of illiterates to the population over 10 has been computed for the 37 coast districts, the three containing large cities being excluded, and for the 29 inland districts. It appears that along the coast outside the large cities, 20.5 per cent of the population over 10 were able to read, while in the inland districts on the average only 17.3 per cent were able to read. But it has already been shown in the discussion of race (p. 59) that the percentage of colored in the coast districts is 7.5 per cent higher than in the interior districts, and from a subsequent paragraph (p. 82) it will appear that the percentage of illiteracy among colored in Porto Rico is much higher than among the whites. It is not improbable, therefore, that there is a greater difference between the whites of the interior dis- tricts and the whites along the coast, and between the colored of the interior districts and the colored along the coast, than the figures just stated would indicate. In other words, this may be an instance of two counteracting tendencies which nearly neutralize each other. The two races in Porto Rico, as in the United States, tend somewhat to separate along lines of altitude, thus making the whites more numer- ous in the interior. But the inland population apparently has less opportunity and perhaps less craving to acquire the elements of educa- LITERACY. 81 tion, while on the other hand the white race usually has a somewhat greater eagerness for this accomplishment than the colored. In the following table the facts are given for Porto Rico by sex: Class. Population 10+. Per cent. Male. Female. Male. Female. 82,882 239,685 66, 914 269, 813 25.7 74.3 19.9 80.1 Total 322,567 336,727 100.0 100.0 The corresponding per cents of persons able to read in Cuba are: Males, 44.6; females, 41.7; and for the United States they are: Males, 87.6; females, 85.6; so that in all three countries, and indeed in most countries where the information is obtainable, ability to read is some- what more general among men than among women. In the following table the proportion of persons able to read in each age group is given for the total population: Age period. Per cent able to read. Age period. Per cent able to read. 10-14 20.6 25.2 27.1 24.4 23.2 22.3 45-54 19.2 17.8 17.7 15-19 55-64 20-24 65+ Total 30-34 22.7 35-44 Of the persons between 15 and 30 years of age about one-fourth were able to read, while persons in the earlier or later age periods less often possessed this ability. That the persons in the later age periods are most illiterate appears clearly from the table, and points to the conclusion, already shown by the illiteracy figures of earlier censuses, that the rising generation are enjoying better educational advantages than their parents. In the following table the per cent of persons of each sex able to read is given for the successive age periods. To economize attention the numbers from which the ratios were computed have been omitted. They may be found on page 245, f. Age period. Per cent able to read. Males. Females. 10-14 21.8 25.9 31.2 29.2 27.6 26.6 22.8 20.6 20.5 19.3 24.7 23.4 20.1 19.0 17.8 15.7 15.0 15.2 15-19. . . 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54. . . 55-64 65+ Total 25.7 19.8 8490—00- 82 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. From this table it is seen that at all age periods the ability to read is an attainment somewhat more common among men than among women, but that the difference between the two sexes is least during the early periods of life, between 10 and 20 years of age, and greatest during the years of middle life. Apparently, therefore, educational facilities are open to the two sexes more equally at the present time than a generation ago. In the following table the number and per cent of males and females able to read are given for Porto Rico, with distinction of race: Race and sex. Total per- sons 10+. Persons able to read. Per cent able to read. 202, 351 206, 727 62,335 48,511 30.8 23.5 Total white 409, 078 110, 846 27.1 120,216 130,000 20,547 18, 403 17.1 14.2 250,216 38,950 15.6 Of the whites over 10 years of age, more than one-fourth are able to read, while of the colored, not quite one-sixth have this attainment. One notices also that the difference between the two sexes is greater among the whites than among the colored. The proportion of white females able to read is about two-thirds greater than the proportion of colored females, but the proportion of white males able to read is four- fifths greater than the proportion of colored males. In the following table the proportion of persons able to read at the successive age periods is given separately for native white, foreign born white, and colored: Age period. Per cent able to read. Native white. Foreign born white. Colored. 10-14 23.3 28.3 29.7 26.5 25.2 24.7 22.2 21.1 21.4 87.2 93.4 92.4 91.6 91.2 87.9 83.3 79.2 74.9 15.9 18.9 20.3 17.5 15.6 13.5 9.8 8.3 7.2 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total 26.4 87.5 15.6 The preceding table shows most conspicuously the very high degree of literacy among the few foreign born whites in Porto Rico. At the ages at which immigrants usually come to the island, over nine-tenths of the foreign born white are able to read, while among native whites SCHOOLS. 83 the proportion never rises to three-tenths. This high proportion of literacy among the foreign born no doubt contributes to the high degree of literacy in the cities in which these foreign born usually remain. Another inference from this table is that the difference between white and colored, like the difference between male and female, is less in the rising generation than it was in the preceding. During the ages from 10 to 20, the per cent of literates among the native whites is only about one-half greater than it is among the colored, but in the latest age period the proportion of white literates is more than three times that of colored literates. STATISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. [See Tables XXI and XXII.] In addition to the facts regarding education derived from the schedule for population and just explained, a special schedule for schools was furnished to the enumerators, of which the following is a trans- lation : Census of Porto Rico, taken under the direction of the United States, 1899. Schedule No. 2. — School Statistics. Supervisor's district No. Compiled by me on the - — . District of enumeration No. day of , 1899. -, Enumerator. 1. Name of the school. 2. Situation. 3. State whether the school is supported by public, private, or religious funds. 4. State whether pupils are day or boarding pupils. 5. Number of buildings composing the school; seating capacity. 6. Number of teachers: males; females. 7. Number of pupils in the school during the last school year: Color or race. Pay pupils. Free pupils. Males. Females. Males. Females, White 8. Number of working days in the last school year, from 1899. 8 ' - 1898, to 9. Average daily attendance of pupils during the last school year. Tables XXI and XXII have been prepared from the facts reported on that schedule. From Table XXII it appears that 27,118 pupils were reported on the school schedule as attending school. From Table XX it appears that 26,212 children were reported as having attended school at some time during the twelve months preceding November 10, 1899; that is, the school children reported on the school schedule were 3 per 84 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. cent more numerous than those reported on the population schedule. In the following table the results are brought together by departments: Department. Aguadilla Areeibo Bayamon Guayama Humaeao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Children reported as attending school. On population schedule. 2,109 3,368 6,207 3,260 2,403 4,304 5,571 26, 212 On school schedule. 2,282 3,795 6,795 3,678 2,966 3,590 5,012 27, 118 Excess^ +) or deficien- cy (— ) re- ported on school schedule. +173 +427 +588 +428 +663 -714 -559 +906 In (ive departments more children were reported on the school schedule, and in two, more were reported on the population schedule. The general results from the two independent sources of information, however, are not verj T widely divergent and serve rather to corrobo- rate than to impeach each other. The number of school teachers reported on the school schedules was 623, while the total number of teachers reported on the population schedule (Table XXV) was 809. This suggests that there were either many teachers on the island who were not school teachers or many from whom no returns were obtained regarding their schools. The deficiency was almost entirely among male teachers, for the occupa- tion returns show 246 female teachers, while the educational returns show 248 female teachers. On the other hand, the occupation tables show 563 male teachers, while the returns on the educational schedule show only 375 male school teachers. Aside from the conclusions already drawn from the tables for educa- tion, school attendance, and literacy, the following inferences from Tables XXI and XXII seem warranted: 1. The reported seating capacity (29,164) was about 8 per cent greater than the entire number of pupils (27,118). 2. The average attendance was only about four-sevenths of the pupils enrolled. 3. Of the schools, about seven-eighths were public and one-eighth private or religious; a condition widely different from that in Cuba, where only about one-half were public. 4. In five departments the number of school buildings was equal to Ihe reported number of schools; in the other two departments the school buildings slightly outnumbered the schools. 5. Of the school-teachers, about three-fifths were male and two- fifths female. In Cuba about two-fifths were male. 6. Of the pupils, about nine-tenths were free pupils and one-tenth pay pupils. In Cuba three-fourths were free pupils and one-fourth SCHOOLS. 85 pay pupils. But in Cuba, outside of Habana province, the proportions were more like those of Porto Rico. 7. The following table gives the proportions of each class of popu- lation reported as in school: Class of population. Total number. Pupils entered. Per cent of pupils to population, White 589,426 59,390 304, 352 17,874 2,427 6,717 3.0 4.0 2.2 Total 953, 168 '27,018 2.8 1 Seemingly 100 pupils in Guayama were not returned by race. Compare the figures for this depart- ment in Tables XXI and XXn. It is surprising that the proportion of negroes in school should be higher than that of the whites. Some light may be thrown upon this fact by a study of the proportion in school of each race in the several departments. That analysis follows: Department. Aguadilla . Arecibo Bayamon.. Guayama. . Humacao.. Mayaguez . Ponce Porto Rico. Per cent of race specified entered as pupils. White. 2.1 2.4 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.0 2.7 3.0 Negro. 5.7 3.2 4.3 4.5 4.0 3.2 3.5 Mixed. 2.2 1.6 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.9 Here again it appears that in all but one of the seven departments the proportion of negroes attending school is greater than that of the whites, while the proportion of mixed is lowest of the three. These ratios are so contrary to the usual fact in such cases that one is com- pelled to cast about for an explanation. It is perhaps fair to assume that a certain number of school children have been reported on the school schedule by their teachers as negro, while the same children were reported on the population schedule by their parents as mixed. If so, the true number of negro school children would be exaggerated or the number of negroes in the total population understated. In confirmation of this hypothesis the following evidence may be offered. By the present census there were 363,817 returned as colored, substantially all being negroes or mixed, the Chinese constituting less than 100 of the total. Of these colored only 59,390, or 16.3 per cent, were returned as negroes. Among the children attending school, as returned on the school schedule, there were 9,144 colored, and of these 2,427, or 26.5 per cent, were returned as negroes. There seems little reason to suppose that the proportion of negroes among colored school children is greater than the proportion of negroes among the colored 86 BEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF POKTO KICO, 1899. population of all ages. The presumption apparently would be in the opposite direction. Assuming, however, that the true proportion was the same, it would seem that while only one-sixth of the colored popu- lation were reported at their homes as negro, more than one-fourth of the colored children attending school were reported as negroes by the teachers giving information concerning them. This tends to discredit the testimony obtained by the census from the population of the coun- try regarding the degree of intermixture between white and colored, and to strengthen the distrust of the figures for negro and mixed already aroused by the surprising change in the reported proportion of mixed between 1897 and 1899. (See p. 58.) Whether the line sepa- rating the white population from that of mixed blood has been drawn in the census with greater accuracy is open to question, but upon that no internal evidence has been found. OCCUPATIONS. [See Tables XXIII-XXX.] The instructions issued in Spanish to Porto Rican enumerators with reference to filling this part of the schedule may be translated as fol- lows: This inquiry (column 11) applies to every person 10 years of age and over having a gainful occupation, and calls for the profession trade, or branch of work upon which each person depends chiefly for support, or in which he is engaged ordinarily during the larger part of the time. In reporting occupations avoid general or indefi- nite terms which do not indicate the kind of work done. You need not give a per- son's occupation just as he expresses it. If he can not tell intelligibly what he is, find out what he does, and describe his occupation accordingly. For wives and daughters at home, engaged in the duties of the household only, write "at home" [en casa). For children not actually at work, write "at school" (estudiante) or "at home" (en casa), as the case may be. Spell out the name of the occupation and do not abbreviate in any case. 1 The number of Porto Ricans reported as having gainful occupations was 316,365, or 33.1 per cent of the total population. The figures for Porto Rico are compared with those for Cuba and the United States in the following table: Country. Date. Total popu- lation. In gainful occupations. Number. Per cent. 1899 1899 1890 953,243 1,W2,797 62, 622, 250 316, 365 622, 330 22, 735, 661 33.1 39.6 36.3 1 It is desirable that some brief terms should be introduced to describe persons cov- ered by the preceding instructions, and accurately but clumsily described as persons engaged in gainful occupations and persons not engaged in gainful occupations. In the following discussion the terms "breadwinners" or "persons at work" will some- times be used for one class, and "dependents" for the other. Any term must be understood in accordance with these instructions rather than with its usual and popu- lar meaning. OCCUPATIONS. 87 From these figures it appears that Porto Rico has only one-third of its population engaged in some gainful occupation, while in Cuba the proportion is about two-fifths, and in the United States about midway between the two. Some reasons for the difference will appear as the subject is probed farther. The absolute and relative number of persons engaged in gainful occupations in the several departments is as follows: Department. Population. In gainful occupations. Number. Per cent. 162, 308 111, 986 88,501 99, 645 160,046 203, 191 127, 566 51,439 36,154 28,815 32,644 52,822 69,803 44,688 31.6 32.2 32.5 32.7 33.0 34.3 35.0 Humacao Aguadilla Here, as elsewhere, one finds little difference between the depart- ments of Porto Rico in comparison with that between the provinces of Cuba or the states of the American Union. The range in Porto Rico between the highest and the lowest divisions was 3.4 per cent, while for the provinces of Cuba it was 12.6, and for the states of the United States 25.4 per cent. There is no correlation traceable in the preceding table between the proportion of persons in gainful occupa- tions and the proportion of urban population. Yet it is generally found that the relative number of breadwinners 1 is greater in cities than in the rural districts. To determine whether this general statis- tical fact holds for Porto Rico, the following table has been prepared for the three large cities and the remainder of the departments in which tb^se cities lie: Department. Bayamon.. Mayaguez . Ponce Total Per cent of persons engaged in gainful occupations. In princi- pal city. 43.7 43.7 46.2 In rest of depart- ment. 30.3 33.8 32.4 32.1 From the above it will be seen that in Mayaguez city the proportion of breadwinners is nearly three-tenths greater than in Mayaguez department outside the city, and that in Ponce and San Juan cities the proportion is over two-fifths greater than in the remainder of the departments in which they lie. The difference between cit}^ and country in Porto Rico as thus measured, is more than one-half greater 1 See page 86, footnote. 88 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RIOO, 1899. than the average difference in the United States, and fully four times greater than the average difference in Cuba. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED BY SEX. The following table gives the absolute and relative number of males and of females reported as engaged in gainful occupations in Porto Rico. For comparative purposes the figures for Cuba and the United States have been included. Males. Females. Country. Total. Breadwinners. Total. Breadwinners. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 472,261 815,205 32,067,880 268, 664 555, 974 18,821,090 56.9 68.2 58.7 480, 982 757, 592 30, 554, 370 47, 701 66,356 3, 914, 571 9.9 8.8 United States (1890) 12.8 From this table it appears that the small proportion of breadwinners in Porto Rico, as compared with Cuba, holds only of the males, the proportion of females at work in Porto Rico being somewhat greater than in Cuba, although decidedly less than in the United States. The differences between the departments in the number of male breadwin- ners are slight, the range between Bayamon and Ponce, the depart- ments with the lowest and highest proportions, respectively, being less than 3 per cent. Among females, the range between Arecibo, with the lowest proportion, and Mayaguez, with the highest, is nearly 5 per cent, a range somewhat greater than that obtaining with males. As the department with fewest males at work is not that with fewest females at work, and as the department with most males at work is not that with most females, it would seem that the conditions affecting breadwinning on the part of the two sexes are not identical. The three departments with a high ratio of female breadwinners are the three containing large cities. This suggests that breadwinning on the part of women may be more common in the cities. To test this, the percentage of breadwinners in the urban and rural population of these three departments is given with distinction of sex. Per cent of breadwinners in urban and rural population, by sex. Department. Male. Female. In princi- pal city. In rest of depart- ment. In princi- pal city. In rest of depart- ment. 65.8 64.0 65.4 53.1 57.5 57.4 24.1 27.3 29.0 8.1 10.3 6.8 Total 65.3 56.1 26.6 8.1 From this table it appears that while gainful occupations are more common with both sexes in the cities, yet the difference is far greater among females than among males. Female breadwinners in the cities OCCUPATIONS. 89 are over one-fourth, while in the rural districts the proportion is only one-third as high. The difference between city and country in the ratio of breadwinners to population is thus partly explained by the greater proportion of female breadwinners in the cities. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED BY AGE. In the discussion of age it was shown (p. 48) that the proportion of children under 10 in Porto Rico is larger than almost anywhere else in the civilized world. In the vast majority of cases, such children are dependent upon their elders for support. It is not quite accurate, therefore, to compare the number of persons engaged in gainful occu- pations, practically all of whom are over 10, with the total population, nearly a third of whom are under 10. A more specific comparison, that of breadwinners with the population over 10, is made below. Country. Persons 10+. Persons in gainful occupations. Number. Per cent. 659, 294 1,215,810 47,413,559 316, 365 622, 330 22,735,661 48.0 51.2 47.9 United States (1890) When the children under 10 are excluded, the difference already noted (p. 86) between Porto Pico and the United States in the ratio )f breadwinners disappears. But the difference between the two and Cuba still remains. When similar percentages are computed for the seven departments, it appears that the lowest, Arecibo, differs from the highest, Ponce, by only 2.8 per cent, while, when the total population is included, the lowest differs from the highest by 3.4 per cent. This shows that the differences between the departments are partly, though not entirely, due to their differences in the proportion of young children. In the following table the number and per cent of persons in gainful occupa- tions are given with details of age, and for comparison percentage columns for Cuba and the United States are introduced. Persons in gainful occupations. Age period. Population. Number in Porto Rico. Per cent in- Porto Rico. Cuba. United States. 293, 949 124, 363 93,148 88 475 84,266 64,317 91, 802 59, 268 33, 716 19, 950 1,670 27, 939 46,990 48,195 45, 008 35, 693 52, 267 32, 859 17, 951 8,893 0.5 22.4 49.3 54.4 63.4 55.3 66.9 65.4 63.2 44.5 0.6 24.6 48.8 56.2 57.7 59.3 60.4 60.3 69.5 52.0 10-14 8.6 42.9 61.4 } 59.1 57.7 56.4 54.1 41.6 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 . 45-54.. 66-64 65+ 953, 243 316,365 33.1 39.6 36.3 90 EEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF POETO EICO, 1899. In Porto Rico over one-fifth of the children between 10 and 14 are reported as engaged in gainful occupations; between 15 and 19 nearly one-half are so reported; and from that age to that of 65, between five- tenths and six-tenths of the persons are reported as at work. During the later years of life, from 35 to 65, the proportion of persons at work in Porto Eico is lower than in either Cuba or the United States, but for persons over 65 the minimum is found in the United States. The high proportion of children in gainful occupations is closely connected not merely with the poverty of the masses in Porto Rico, but also with her backward industrial condition and the slight development of the school system, which has appeared from the illiteracy and education tables. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED BY AGE AND SEX. In the following table the number of breadwinners in Porto Rico of the specified sex and age is given, and the percentage that the bread- winners make of the total number of persons of a given age and sex is shown in parallel columns for Porto Rico, Cuba, and the United States. The figures for Porto Rico from which the percentages have been computed may be derived from those on page 306. Number and per cent of persons, o / sex and age specified, engaged in gainful occupations. Males in gainful occupations. Females in gainful occupations. Age period. Number in Porto Rico. Per cent in — Number in Porto Rico. Per cent in — Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). 9 900 23, 155 37, 453 40, 408 38, 497 30, 665 45,228 28,468 15, 857 8,033 0.6 35.5 87.2 96.9 97.5 97.7 97.4 96.2 94.6 86.6 0.9 44.0 91.6 98.1 98.5 98.6 98.3 97.5 96.2 90.2 770 4,784 8,537 7,787 f 6, 511 1 4,928 7,039 4,391 2,094 860 0.5 8.0 17.0 16.6 14.5 14.9 15.5 14.7 12.8 8.0 0.2 4.5 10.3 11.4 12.0 13.4 14.6 15.6 15.8 13.3 10-14 11.2 58.6 92.0 } 97.4 97.9 96.6 92.9 73.8 5.9 15-19 27.4 20-24 30.6 25-29 . . . } 17.3 13.2 30-34 35^4 45-54 55-64 12.9 12.0 65+ 8.3 Total 268, 664 56.8 68.2 58.7 47,701 9.9 8.8 If the percentages for the three countries in the above table be carefully compared, it will appear that, generally speaking, Porto Rico occupies an intermediate position between Cuba and the United States. Among the three countries Cuba has the largest and Porto Rico the smallest proportion of male breadwinners, while on the other hand the United States has the largest and Cuba the smallest proportion of female breadwinners. This is true, not only of the total population over 10, but of most of the separate age groups. A noteworthy difference between both of the West India islands on the one hand and the United States on the other is the large propor- tion of male breadwinners between 10 and 15 years of age. The proportion of these in Porto Rico is more than three times, and in Cuba nearly four times, as great as the proportion in the United States. OCCUPATIONS. 91 Of male breadwinners between 15 and 19, the proportion in the two West India islands is greater than it is in the United States by one-half, but thereafter the proportions of male breadwinners in the three coun- tries do not differ very widely. During the latest years of life, over 55, the proportion is lowest in the United States, undoubtedly owing to the considerable number of persons who have withdrawn from gainful occupations and are living on their own savings or on the surplus of other members of the household. Boys and old men are thus at work in Porto Rico to a greater degree than they are in the United States. In the three columns for women another remarkable difference appears between the two West India islands and the United States. In the latter the proportion of female breadwinners rises rapidly in the years of early life to a maximum between 20 and 24 years of age, when three women out of ten are in gainful occupations. In this age period the proportion of female wage earners in the United States is almost double that at any age in Porto Rico or Cuba, but the propor- tion declines so rapidly that from the age of 35 it is at each period lower than in Cuba, and in each period but the last lower than in Porto Rico. Wage earning on the part of women in the United States thus seems to be in many cases only a preliminary to marriage and the duties of family life, while in Porto Rico and Cuba it would seem that female breadwinners more commonly work through the years of later life. It has so often been found that the departments differ but slightly from each other in their census figures, that it is hardly worth while to push the analysis to that detail. The city and country districts, how- ever, have been found in some cases to differ widely, and to deter- mine whether a material difference exists in the present case the fol- lowing table has been compiled, in which by ''urban districts" are meant the two cities of more than 25,000 inhabitants — Ponce and San Juan, and by " rural districts" is meant the rest of the island. Refer- ence to the extended tables will show that these are the only two cities which are separately reported. Per cent of persons in urban and rural districts, of age and sex specified, who were engaged in gainful occupations. Age period. Per cent of breadwinners. Total. Male. Female. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. 0-9 1.1 21.5 58.3 65.2 65.7 67.7 64.5 59.5 53.7 35.5 0.5 22.5 48.6 53.4 52.3 54.3 56.3 65.1 53.2 45.1 0.9 27.7 86.4 97.0 97.5 96.9 95.7 91.5 87.0 73.2 0.6 35.9 87.3 96.9 97.5 97.8 97.5 96.5 95.0 87.2 1.3 15.6 34.3 36.1 35.4 40.4 37.1 35.6 31.0 17.9 0.4 7.6 15.5 14.8 12.8 12.8 13.6 12.9 10.6 7.2 10-14 16-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total 44.9 32.4 65.6 56.3 26.4 8.7 92 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RlCO, 1899. From the first two columns of the preceding table it appears that gainful occupations are less common in the rural than in the urban districts of Porto Rico at every age period except that from 10 to 14, and that of 65+. Child labor is apparently, and the labor of old peo- ple is certainly, more common in the country districts than it is in the larger cities. The greater proportion for the cities in the other age periods, and the larger proportion of children in the country, result in a ratio of breadwinners to total population in the urban districts much greater than in the country. Passing to the two columns for males, one notices that gainful occu- pations for that sex are usually more common in the rural districts, the only important exception being the two age periods between 20 and 30, when the proportion of breadwinners in city and country is about the same. The minor difference in the proportion under 10 may be neglected. Many may be surprised that the proportion of males engaged in gainful occupations is greater in the country districts at almost every age period, and yet that for the total of all ages the pro- portion of males in gainful occupations in the cities is greater. At first one is at a loss to understand how an excess at each age period, or practically that, can sum to a deficienc3 r in the total. The paradox is explained by noticing that the proportion of children in the urban districts is very much less than in the rural districts, and that, conse- quently, the proportion of total population eligible for gainful occupa- tions is much greater. In the two cities under consideration only 20.9 per cent of the total population are under 10, while in the rest of the island no less than 31.4 per cent are under 10. If in each case the male children are subtracted from the total male population, one finds that, of the total males over 10 in cities, 84.1 per cent were breadwinners, but in the rural districts 83.2 per cent were breadwinners. Lastly, if one compares the two columns giving the proportion of female breadwinners in city and country, it appears that at each age period the female breadwinners are somewhat more numerous in the urban than in the rural districts, the excess rising in the cities at the age period 30 to 34 to more than three times that in the country districts at the same age period. And, owing largely to the smaller proportion of children in the cities, as just mentioned, the female breadwinners of all ages in cities are relatively thrice as numerous as in the country. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED BY RACE. In the following table the absolute and relative number of persons engaged in gainful occupations is given with distinction of race: Race. Population. Persons in gainful occupations. Number. Per cent. White 589,426 363. 817 189, 762 126, 603 32.1 34.8 Colored Total 953,243 316,365 33.1 OCCUPATIONS. 93 This shows that the proportion of breadwinners was somewhat higher among the colored than among the whites. In the following table the corresponding per cents for the United States (1890) and for Cuba are introduced: Per cent of persons in gainful occupations. Country. White. Colored. Differ- ence. Porto Rico 32.1 38.3 35.5 34.8 42.1 41.8 2.7 3.8 6.3 United States (1890) The difference between the two races appears in all three countries, but in Porto Rico it is only about three-fourths of the difference in Cuba, and less than half the difference in the United States. To elu- cidate these differences the classification by sex may be added to that by race. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED BY RACE AND SEX. The following table gives the absolute and relative numbers for Porto Rico: Race and sex. Population. Persona in gainful occupations. Number. Per cent. 294,195 178, 066 295, 231 185, 751 167, 662 101,002 22, 100 25,601 57.0 56.7 7.4 13.7 Total 153,243 316, 365 33.1 The difference between white and colored among males is too small to be significant. The difference between the two races is due entirely to the fact that gainful occupations are followed by colored women to nearly twice the extent that they are by white women. To determine whether this is true also of other countries the percentage figures are given side by side in the following table: Per cent of persons in gainful occupations. Country. Males. Females. White. Colored. Differ- ence. White. Colored. Differ- ence. Porto Rico 57.0 68.4 58.9 56.7 67.6 57.4 0.3 0.8 1.5 7.5 3.6 11.0 13.8 18.2 25.8 6.3 14.6 14.8 United States In all three countries the proportion of breadwinners among white males was slightly higher than the proportion among colored males; but in all three this difference is outweighed by the fact that colored women are at work more generally than white women. The difference between the women of the two races in this regard, however, is less 94 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, ]899. marked in Porto Rico than in either Cuba or the United States. For each race and sex, with a single exception, the proportion of bread- winners in Porto Rico is lower than in either of the other countries. White women are working in gainful occupations in Porto Rico to twice the extent they are in Cuba, although to an extent little more than half that prevailing in the United States. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED AS NATIVE AND FOREIGN BORN. This distinction is made in the occupation tables only for the whites. The colored foreign born, of whom there are 2,450 in Porto Rico, must be disregarded. The facts for the whites are given in the follow- ing table, by race and sex: Nativity and sex. Population. Persons in gainful occupations. Number. Per cent. 285, 303 8,892 292, 706 2,525 159,478 8,184 21, 862 238 55.9 92.0 7.4 9.4 Total 689, 426 189, 762 32.1 Hardly a moment's reflection is needed to detect the cause of the wide difference indicated in the preceding table between the native and the foreign born males and to reveal the insignificant character of such a table taken alone. The immigrant whites are mainly adults, and the large proportion of workers among them is not because they are of foreign birth, but is because they are adult. Hence, if there is any real difference between these two classes of whites, to discover it, groups of the same age must be compared. This is done in the follow- ing table: Age period. Males. Females. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. 0-9 0.4 33.6 85.6 96.5 97.3 97.5 97.2 96.1 94.3 86.9 0.9 38.0 93.9 98.1 97.9 98.3 96.0 93.8 92.5 76.8 0.8 38.4 89.6 97.6 97.7 98.0 97.9 96.7 95.2 87.3 0.3 6.5 13.7 13.1 11.2 10.8 10.9 9.9 8.1 5.5 0.8 10.5 22.3 22.2 19.7 21.5 22.7 22.0 18.9 12.0 10-14 0.9 7.0 18.1 11.1 13.0 9.2 10.9 9.2 4.7 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Porto Rico 65.9 92.0 66.7 7.4 9.4 13.7 This table shows that among males child labor is more common among the colored than among the white, but that from the age of 15 to that of 35 the proportion of breadwinners among the foreign born white is greater than among either of the other two classes. For later ages, from 35 on, the proportion is greatest among the colored, while that among the foreign born white sinks to the lowest of the three. OCCUPATIONS. 95 This may be due to the better economic condition of the foreign born white, enabling them to retire at an earlier age, or it may be explained by considering that the foreign born white are not preeminently engaged in agriculture, and that the other forms of industry can not be carried on so effectively by persons of advanced years. Among the females one notices that from the beginning to the end of life, the proportion of wage earners among the colored is greater than in either of the other classes, and in the later age periods it is more than twice as great among the colored as among either of the other classes. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED BY KIND OF OCCUPATION. The occupations in which persons are engaged are grouped by the census into five main classes. Arranged in the order of their preva- lence, the groups are: 1. Agriculture, fisheries, and mining. 2. Domestic and personal service. 3. Manufacturing and mechanical industries. 4. Trade and transportation. 5. Professional service. The first class includes all persons engaged in the so-called extrac- tive industries, or those concerned with getting the wealth out of the earth or water; the third class includes those who transform the raw material furnished by the extractive industries into new forms or com- binations; the fourth class includes all engaged in giving place or time values to wealth by moving it from a place where it is less needed to a place where it is more needed, or by saving it from a time when it is less needed till a time when it is more needed, while the second and fifth classes include all whose contribution to society is in the form of personal service rather than of goods or of services upon goods. The line of division between these groups or classes is often obscure, and in many individual cases serious difficulties arise regarding the best group to which a person or an occupation should be assigned under the imperfect description found on the schedule. The population of Porto Rico engaged in gainful occupations was divided among the five groups as shown in the following table, where similar proportions for Cuba and the United States are added. Persons in gainful occupations. Class of occupation. Number in Porto Rico. Per cent in — Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890). 198, 761 64,819 26, 515 24,076 2,194 62.8 20.5 8.4 7.6' 0.7 48.1 22.8 14.9 12.8 1.4 39.7 19.2 22.4 14.6 4.1 Manufacturing and mechanical industries. Total 316, 365 100.0 100.0 100.0 96 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. From this table it appears thai the proportion of breadwinners engaged in agriculture in Cuba is nearly 10 per cent higher than in the United States, and in Porto Rico nearly 15 per cent higher than in Cuba. About five-eighths of the breadwinners in Porto Rico were reported as engaged in agriculture. The proportions engaged in per- sonal and domestic service are not widely different in the three regions. The great number of Porto Ricans engaged in agriculture is counter- balanced mainly by relatively much smaller numbers engaged in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, and also in trade and trans- portation. The number of persons engaged in professional service in Porto Rico is only one-half what it is in Cuba, as in Cuba it is only one-third what it is in the United States. In the following table the per cent of all breadwinners engaged in each class of occupation is shown by sex for the three countries: Per cent of breadwinners in the five classes of gainful occupations. Class of occupation. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States. Male. Female. Male. Female. Ma"e. Female. 73.3 10.2 7.5 8.3 0.7 3.9 78.4 13.4 3.6 0.7 52.6 17.2 14.7 14.2 1.3 10.3 69.6 16.6 1.0 2.5 44.3 14.3 21.6 16.4 3.4 17 i 4a 6 Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits 26.2 6 8 8.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0. Nearly three-fourths of the male breadwinners in Porto Rico were engaged in agriculture, but not one twenty-fifth of the females. On the other hand, about one-tenth of the males and eight-tenths of the females were engaged in domestic and personal service. Thus these two classes taken together were apparently a complement of each other and included between them nearly five-sixths of all the breadwinners of each sex. As between trade and transportation on the one hand, and manufacturing and mechanical pursuits on the other, the males in Porto Rico were somewhat evenly divided, but of the females nearly four times as many were engaged in manufacturing as in trade and trans- portation. Comparing the three countries, one notices that the pro- portion of male breadwinners devoted to agriculture rises from about four-ninths in the United States to nearly three-fourths in Porto Rico, but the number of females devoted to agriculture varies inversely from a minimum of one twenty-fifth in Porto Rico to a maximum of one- sixth in the United States. The same is true for the persons of each sex devoted to professional service, and, with one slight exception, for all persons of each sex devoted to trade and transportation. The whole table points to an extremely simple and primitive organization of industry in Porto Rico, wherein manufacturing, trade, transportation, and professional occupations play a very small part. To illustrate this, one may compute from the preceding table the number of persons SIZE OF FAMILIES. 97 among 100 breadwinners in each of the three countries who were engaged in other pursuits than agriculture, fisheries, and mining, or domestic or professional service. In Porto Rico about 17 in 100 bread- winners, in Cuba about 25 in 100, and in the United States (1890) about 40 in 100, were engaged in some form of manufacturing or mechanical pursuits, in trade or transportation, or in professional service. BREADWINNERS CLASSIFIED BY SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS. Table XXV gives the specified occupations of the great majority of breadwinners in Porto Rico. A cursory examination shows that the single occupations are very imperfectly distinguished and that little can be derived from their inspection by one unfamiliar with local conditions. The following table shows the per cent of all breadwin- ners in each of a few leading occupations: Specified occupation. Per cent of all bread- winners so en- gaged. Specified occupation. Per cent of all bread- winners so en- gaged. 68.2 8.2 5.4 2.8 1.8 1.6 Salesmen and saleswomen Agents Operatives in cigar factories Total 1.5 1.3 1.2 Dressmakers and seamstresses 92.0 In these nine specified occupations are included over nine-tenths of the breadwinners of Porto Rico. Of all males in gainful occupations nearly four -fifths (78.8 per cent) are reported simply as laborers. The other leading occupations followed by men, arranged in order of prevalence, are merchants, servants, carpenters, salesmen, agents, operatives in cigar factories, bakers. The leading occupations entered by women in order of prevalence are servant, laundress, dressmaker and seamstress, laborer, merchant, hat and cap maker, teacher, planter, huckster and peddler. SIZE OF FAMILIES. [See Table XXXI.] A family, in the ordinary or popular sense of the word, means a group of persons bound together by ties of kindred. Usually they live together, but this is not necessarily involved in the word, for a married son or daughter occupying a separate house is regarded as still a member of the family. On the other hand, not all persons who live with the family are deemed members, for servants, laborers, or board- ers are excluded. The census finds such a definition of the family inapplicable to its field of work. The test of kindred can not be applied by the enumera- tor. In many cases families of relatives are dispersed through the 8490—00 7 98 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. community, returns about them come through different enumerators, and their names and the facts about them can not be assembled on the schedules or tabulated together. Accordingly in this field, as in sev- eral others, the census is forced to abandon the effort to bring together data that belong together, and to confine itself to the simpler and more practicable task of tabulating together data that are found by the enu- merators conjoined. The census test of a family is not kinship by blood, but association in home life. Persons living in the same home are, for census purposes, members of the same family. In census usage, therefore, the word "family" means the group of people, whether related by blood or not, who share a common dwelling and table. If one person sleeps and eats alone, he constitutes for cen- sus purposes a family. On the other hand, if a large group of people sleep and eat in a common dwelling, like a hotel or convent, they make up a single census family. Census families, therefore, may be divided into two classes — natural families, or families in the popular sense of that word, and "other families." Members of a natural family are bound together primarily by ties of kindred. Members of other families are bound together primarily by other motives, usually of an economic character. The latter may, perhaps, without great violence to the facts, be called economic families. These two classes of motives may and often do coexist, but the family should be classed with natural families or with economic families according to the class of motives which is primary. For example, a family having only one boarder should doubtless be grouped with natural families, but a family in which the boarders largely outnumber the blood relatives should be grouped with economic families. The limits of size are much wider in the economic family than in the natural family. The economic family may consist of one person liv- ing alone, of two partners living together at their place of business, of three or more boarders living with a housekeeper, or of hundreds of guests, nuns, or prisoners living together in a hotel, convent, or prison. On the basis of number of members alone no sharp line can be drawn between natural families and economic families. Still, the only classification of census families presented in Table XXXI is that by size, and on this basis, therefore, an attempt may perhaps be ventured to divide census families into two classes, one of which should consist mainly of natural families and the other mainly of economic families. As a natural family can not be composed of a single member, the lower limit of size for a natural family may be drawn with confidence between two members and one. The higher limit is more vague and uncertain. Yet it seems that if all families of more than ten persons are grouped as economic families, a large proportion, if not a majority, of the persons in them might be assumed to be living apart from their kindred — that is, as farm laborers in their employer's family, or as boarders, lodgers, or residents of hotels, schools, prisons, or other SIZE OF FAMILIES. 99 institutions treated by the census as a family, but not so regarded in ordinary speech. On this basis, therefore, the families in Porto Rico may be divided into the following three groups: 1. Families of 1 member. 2. Families of 2 to 10 members. 3. Families of more than 10 members. Of these groups, the second consists mainly of natural families, the first entirely and the third largely, if not mainly, of economic families. FAMILIES OF ONE MEMBER. This class in Porto Rico numbered 7,854, or 0.8 per cent of the population. In the United States and Cuba the corresponding per cents were 0.7 and 1.9, respectively. Families of one member, there- fore, are slightly more common in Porto Rico than in the United States, but less than half as common as in Cuba. In the following table the proportion of population living in fami- lies of a single member is given by departments: Department. Mayaguez . Bayamon.. Humacao.. Ponce Guayama.. Arecibo Aguadilla . Total Population. 127, 566 160, 046 88,501 203, 191 111,986 162, 308 99,645 953, 243 Population in families of one member. 1,714 1,400 771 1,620 857 960 532 7,854 Per cent. 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 The departments with the smallest proportion are the two in which the proportion of population living in cities is lowest (p. 44). It may be, therefore, that families of one member are more common in cities. To test this conjecture the following table has been constructed, show- ing the number of persons living in families of one member in the three large cities of Porto Rico and in the rest of the island, and the per cent these make of the total population of each district. District. Three cities j Rest of Porto Rico. Total popu- lation. 75, 187 878, 056 Population in families of one member. 1,496 6,358 1.9 0.7 The table shows that the proportion of persons living alone in the three cities is nearly three times that of the proportion living alone in the rest of the island. A similar fact holds for Cuba, the explanation of which doubtless is that in the country a family must be, in a large measure, an economic unit and self-sustaining, while when people are living as close neighbors, such economic independence of the family is far less essential. "When the figures for the several cilfieaanaaefparS Y DCC 1948 100 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. merits are analyzed, it appears that in the city of Mayaguez living alone is much more common than in either of the other large cities, and that in the department outside of the city, it is much more common than in any of the other six departments, even if the cities be included with them. FAMILIES OF ELEVEN OR MOKE MEMBERS. Such families in Porto Rico included 109,300 persons, or 11.4 per cent of the entire population — that is, more than fourteen times as many persons were living in these big families as were living alone. In this respect Porto Rico differs widely from the United States, where only 6.6 per cent of the population lived in families of 11 or more members, and from the South Central states of America, where race conditions and agriculture are somewhat like those of Porto Rico, but where the proportion of population in families of more than 10 members was the same as the average for the United States. As hotels, boarding-houses, and institutions are more common in cities than in the country, it may be that these large census families, like the very small ones, are more common in the cities. The following table tests the conjecture: District. Total popu- lation. Population in families of 11 + members. Percent. 75, 187 878,056 11,061 98,239 14.7 11.1 These very large families, therefore, were somewhat more common in the three cities of Porto Rico than they were in the rest of the island, a relation between city and country in which Porto Rico differs from Cuba, where large families are more common in the rural districts. On examining the three cities separately it appears that the high proportion of large families does not hold of Mayaguez, but only of San Juan and Ponce. In Mayaguez the proportion of population liv- ing in these large families was slightly less than the average in rural districts. The following table gives the same facts for the island by depart- ments: Department. Aguadilla Arecibo... Bayamon. Guayama. Humacao. Mayaguez Ponce Total popu- lation. 99,645 162, 308 160, 046 111,986 88,501 127, 566 203, 191 Population in families of 11 + members each. 11,242 18, 70S 22,294 12,685 9,473 11,395 23,508 11.2 11.5 13.9 11.3 10.7 8.9 11.5 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899. SIZE OF FAMILIES PERSONS TO A FAMILY 15 PERCENTS PER CENTS A.Hoen&Co.Balto Lith. SIZE OF FAMILIES. 101 FAMILIES OP FKOM TWO TO TEN MEMBERS. As Porto Rico has a much larger proportion of persons living in families of more than 10 members than the United States, and about the same proportion of persons living in families of 1 member, it clearly must have a smaller proportion of persons living in families of from 2 to 10 members, or what has been termed "natural" families. In Porto Rico about seven-eighths (87.7 per cent) of the inhabitants are living in families of between 2 and 10 members. In this respect Porto Rico holds an intermediate position between Cuba, where 85.2 per cent of the population were living in families of from 2 to 10 members, and the United States, where 92.6 per cent were so living. The proportion of population living in families of this size varies little from depart- ment to department, the proportions ranging from Bayamon, with 85.2 per cent of its population living in natural families, to Mayaguez, where 89.7 per cent were so living. Families having from 2 to 10 members may conveniently be subdi- vided into three classes: Small families — those having 2, 3, or 4 mem- bers; families of medium size— those having 5, 6, or 7 members; and large families — those having 8, 9, or 10 members. The members of natural families, or families having between 2 and 10 members, in each department have been thus subdivided with results shown in the fol- lowing table: Absolute number of persons in families of — Percentage of persons in fami- lies of 2 to 10 members liv- ing in- Department. 2 to 10 members. 2 to 4 mem- bers, i.e., small families. 5 to 7 mem- bers, i.e., families of medium size. 8 to 10 members, i.e., large families. Small families. Families of medium size. Large families. 87, 871 142,645 136, 352 98,444 78,257 114,457 178,063 22,545 39,'386 36, 186 27,488 21,611 37, 310 48,582 40,673 63, 361 60, 332 44,465 34,887 50,569 79, 199 24,653 39, 899 39,834 26,501 21, 759 26, 578 50,282 25.7 27.6 26.5 27.9 27.6 32.6 27.3 46.3 44.4 44.3 46.2 44.6 44.2 44.5 28.0 28.0 29.2 26.9 27.8 23.2 28.2 Porto Rico 836,089 233, 107 373,476 229, 606 27.9 44.7 27.4 Apparently the size of families among white and colored in Porto Rico was about the same. For in the preceding table the percentages for Humacao, where there were most colored, differed little from those for Aguadilla, where there were most whites. Families of 2 to i members and families of 8 to 10 members each included about one-fourth of the total population living in families of from 2 to 10 members. Small families (2 to 4 members) were pro- portionately fewer than in Cuba, and large families (8 to 10 mem- bers) were more numerous. The families of medium size were also slightly more numerous than in Cuba. The departments differ but 102 REPORT ON THE CENSUS Ol' PORTO RICO, little among themselves. The most conspicuous divergence from the average is in the department of Mayaguez, where families of from 2 to 4 members, like families of 1 member, are unusually numerous, and where large families (8 to 10 members) are correspondingly few. The following table shows the proportion of the total population of Porto Eico living in families of specified size, and for purposes of comparison columns have been added giving the same ratios for Cuba and the United States: Number of members of family. Per cent of total population living in families of speci- fied number of members. Porto Rico. Cuba. United States (1890) . 0.8 4.3 8.5 11.6 13.6 13.5 12.2 10.2 8.1 6.8 11.5 1.9 6.4 9.8 12.0 12.6 12.2 10.9 9.0 7.0 5.2 13.0 0.7 5.3 10.1 15.3 14.1 13.6 12.1 9.6 6.9 5.6 6.7 2 3 4 5 6 7... .' 8 9. 10 11 + ... Total 100.0 6.3 100.0 4.8 100.0 4.9 In comparing Porto Rico with Cuba and the United States it appears that the average size of family is somewhat greater than in either of the other countries. Families of less than 5 members included in Porto Rico 25.2 per cent of the population, while in Cuba they included 30.1 per cent, and in the United States 31.4 per cent. On the other hand, families of 7, S, 9, or 10 members were more common in Porto Rico than in either of the other countries. The fewness of small families and the many large families doubtless account for the greater average size of families on this island. SANITARY CONDITON OF HOUSES. [See Tables XXXII-XXXIV.] In the present census all buildings, whether occupied November 10, 1899, or not, were reported by the enumerators, and the facts regard- ing the provisions in them for supplying water and for disposing of garbage and excreta were ascertained. Before proceeding to a discus- sion of these topics a brief analysis of this return of buildings may be made. The total number of buildings in Porto Rico, whether occupied or not, was 178,518, or 5.3 persons to a building. The average number of persons to a building, occupied or unoccupied, may be computed from those tables. The provinces range as follows: DWELLINGS. 103 Department. Population. Number of buildings. Persons to a building. 127,566 99, 645 162, 308 88,501 111, 986 203, 191 160, 046 26, 616 19, 842 30, 751 16, 997 20,648 37,410 26,254 4.7 5.0 5.2 6.2 5.4 5.4 6.0 953,243 178,518 5.3 In Bayamon there were 6 persons to a building, while in Mayaguez there were 4.7. In Cuba it was found that the proportion of persons to a building was greater in the cities than in the rural districts. To determine whether the same is true for Porto Rico, the following table has been constructed: District. Population. Number of buildings. Persons ('".Ml. building. 75,187 878, 056 10,283 168,235 7.3 5.2 This table shows that in the three cities of Porto Rico there were on an average rather more than 7 persons to a building, while in the rest of Porto Rico there were about 5. That the three cities differ widely among themselves in this regard is shown by the following table: City. Population. Number of buildings. Persons to a building. 32,048 15, 187 27, 952 2,776 2,522 4,985 11.5 6.0 5.6 Mayaguez Total 75,187 10,283 7.3 From this it appears that there are about twice as many persons to a building in San Juan as in either of the other cities in the island, and more than twice the average number for" the whole of Porto Rico. The number in San Juan is also decidedly greater than in Habana city, where there are 8. 8 persons to a building. The reason for this crowded state of the population in San Juan is somewhat like that to which a similar condition is due in New York city, namely, location on an island of small area, with the resultant barriers to expansion of the population. Of the 178,518 buildings, 20,213, or nearly one-ninth, were unoccu- pied, a proportion slightly less than that in Cuba. The ratio of unoc- 104 KEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF POKTO RICO, 1899. cupied buildings in the several departments varies, as is shown in the following table: Department. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Total num- ber of buildings. 19,842 30, 751 26,254 20,648 16,997 26, 616 37, 410 178,618 Number of unoccupied buildings. 2,056 4,247 2, 415 1,720 1,541 4,445 3,789 20,213 Per cent unoccu- pied. 10.3 13.8 9.2 8.3 9.0 16 7 10.1 11.3 The minimum proportion is found in Guayama, where one building in twelve is unoccupied. The following table shows the figures for the three cities and the rest of the island: District. Number of buildings. Number of unoccupied buildings. Per cent. 10,283 1 1,028 168,235 ! 9.9 11.4 From this it appears that the proportion of unoccupied buildings in the three cities of Porto Rico is somewhat, though not much, less than the proportion in the rural districts. The three cities differ consider- ably among themselves in this regard, Mayaguez having a much higher proportion than the average in the rural districts, while the other two have a lower rate. Passing to the occupied buildings or dwellings, one may examine the average number of persons to each. Here again only slight dif- ferences are found between the departments, Aguadilla having the lowest and Bayamon the highest proportion, as appears from the following table: Department. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Population. 99, 645 162, 308 160, 046 111,986 88, 501 127, 566 203, 191 953, 243 Number of dwellings. Persons to a dwelling. 17, 786 26,604 23,839 18,928 15,456 22,171 33, 621 158, 305 6.6 6.1 6.7 5.9 5.7 6.7 6.0 The following table shows the number of persons to a dwelling in the three cities and in the rest of Porto Rico: District. Population. Number of dwellings. Persons to a dwelling. 75, 187 878, 066 9,255 149, 050 8.1 5.8 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES. 105 When the three cities are taken together, the persons to a building in them are more numerous than in the rest of the island, due largely to the influence of San Juan. To show that, the facts for the three cities are given separately in the following table: City. Population. Number of dwellings. Persona to a dwelling. 32,048 15, 187 27, 952 2,519 2,107 4,629 12.7 7.2 6.0 Total 75,187 9, 255 8. 1 It appears that the number of persons to a dwelling in Mayaguez city is not much higher, and in Ponce city no higher, than it is in the remainder of the respective departments, or in the island taken as a whole, while in San Juan the proportion is more than double that for the rest of the department or for all Porto Rico. DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES. By comparing the number of dwellings in Table XXXII with the number of families in Table XXXI, one may ascertain the ratio between census families and dwellings. Every dwelling contains at least one family, for, as already explained, one person living alone is for census purposes a family, and an unoccupied place of habitation is not a dwelling. As certain dwellings contain two or more families, the number of census families must exceed the number of dwellings. The figures for Porto Rico, compared with those for Cuba and the United States, are given below: Country. Number of families. Number of dwellings. Families to 100 dwellings. 181, 594 327, 965 12,690,152 158, 305 262, 724 11,483,318 114 125 111 From these figures it appears that there were more families to 100 dwellings in Porto Rico than in the United States, but less than in Cuba. Still, if the figures for Habana be excluded, the number of persons to 100 dwellings in Cuba outside of Habana is found to be almost the same as the average for Porto Rico. In the following table the figures are given by departments: Department. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Number of families. 18, 309 30, 501 29,544 21,353 16, 965 26, 558 38,364 181, 594 Number of dwellings. 17, 786 26,604 23, 839 18,928 15, 456 22, 171 33, 621 158, 305 Families to 100 dwellings. 102 115 123 112 109 119 114 114 106 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. The high rate of Bayamon and the low rate of Aguadilla suggest that in the rural districts each family is more likely to have a dwelling to itself, while in the city we find frequently more than one family to a dwelling. In the following table, therefore, the figures for the three cities and the rest of Porto Rico are given separately: District. Number of families. Number of dwellings. Families to 100 dwellings. 15, 821 165, 773 9,255 149,050 171 111 It appears that the proportion of families to a dwelling in the three cities is much higher than it is in the rest of Porto Rico. In the following table the facts are given for the three cities sepa- rately: City. Number of families. Number of dwellings. Families to 100 dwell- ings. 6,281 3,647 6,893 2,519 2,107 4,629 249 173 127 Total 15,821 9,255 171 From these figures it appears that in Ponce there is comparatively little crowding of two or more familes into a dwelling; that in Maya- guez there is more; but that in San Juan there are, on an average, about five families to every two dwellings, a proportion even higher than that in Habana city, and further indicative of the serious crowd- ing of population in the capital of Porto Rico. SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY. The original source of water supply in Porto Rico, as elsewhere, is rainfall. This rain may fall on a building and be guided into and stored in a cistern, or may fall on and percolate through the ground either under or upon the surface. Flowing water may be obtained for human use as it comes to the surface either in a natural spring or an artificial well; or it may be obtained as it flows over the surface either in a natural water course or in an artificial water course or aqueduct. Accordingly, the census recognizes four sources of water supply, as follows: 1. Cistern for rain water. 2. Spring or well for ground water. 3. Water from a natural stream. 4. Water from an artificial aqueduct. WATEE SUPPLY. 107 In Porto Rico these four sources are drawn upon for a water supply in the following proportions: Source of water supply. Number of dwellings supplied from source named. Per cent of total dwellings. Stream Cistern for rain water Aqueduct Spring or well Not specified Total 85,348 65,093 575 158, 305 54 35 6 5 100 About one-third of the Porto Rican buildings are supplied with water from cisterns, and more than one-half from streams, or nearly nine-tenths from these two sources combined. About one-seventeenth of the dwellings are supplied from aqueducts and one-twentieth from wells. In comparison with Cuba, the use of cisterns is much less common, while streams are relied upon by almost twice as many houses. The stream as a source of water, it will be noticed, requires less initial expenditure of labor than the cistern, well, or aqueduct. Aqueducts supply only about one-third the proportion of houses in Porto Rico that they do in Cuba. Per cent of dwellings obtaining water from source named. Department. Aguadilla . Arecibo Bayamon. . Guayama.. Humacao. . Mayaguez . Ponce Total Stream. 25 58 44 69 68 40 54 Cistern. 10 ■i:> 21 44 17 85 Aque- duct. 2 5 4 11 14 ■Not speci fled. 4 5 14 1 7 4 1 The preceding table shows that the use of cisterns is most common in the north and west, and least common in the east and south, the pro- portion varying from oue-sixth in Ponce to more than two-thirds in Aguadilla. Reliance upon streams, on the other hand, is most common in the east and south, and least common in the north and west, the proportion varying from one-fourth in Aguadilla to two-thirds in Ponce, Huma- cao, and Guayama. Aqueducts are a supply of little importance, except in Mayaguez and Ponce, where slightly more than one house in ten gets its water supply from this source. Wells are also little used in most of the departments, but in Baya- mon about one house in seven uses them. 108 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Aqueducts are the principal source of water supply in the cities of Mayaguez and Ponce, but not apparently in San Juan, where the greater part of the population — nearly two-thirds — rely upon wells. The following notes on the water supply of the three large Porto Rican cities have been gleaned from various sources: SAN JUAN. "The city is poorly supplied with water. There is a good spring on the island of Miraflores, but within the city there are only cisterns for rain water and a scanty source in the well of San Cristobal castle. There is another good well in the neigh- borhood of San Antonio bridge.'' Delitsch, p. 1931a [1871]. ' ' There is no running water in the to wn . The entire population depends upon rain water caught upon the flat roofs of the buildings and conducted to the cistern, which occupies the greater part of the inner courtyard, that is an essential part of Spanish houses the world over, but that here, on account of the crowded conditions, is very small. There is no sewerage except for surface water and sinks, while vaults are in every house and occupy whatever remaining space there may be in the patios not taken up by the cistern. The risk of contamination to the water is very great, and in dry seasons the supply is entirely exhausted." R. T. Hill, Cuba and Porto Rico, p. 176 [1898.] "In the few months of American occupancy water from the works in process of construction by the Spanish, for several years, has been brought into the city." Carroll, Report on Porto Rico, p. 210. ' ' Nine miles from San Juan, by the military road, near the little town of Rio Piedras, there is a piece of engineering just approaching completion which is to result in fur- nishing the capital of Porto Rico with a much-needed water supply. * * * "It is calculated that within four months San Juan will be able to dispense with the questionable supply of rain water in cisterns, to which may be attributed a portion of the sickness developed, which will be replaced by well filtered water drawn from an uncontaminated source far up in the mountain ravines. ' ' This has been practically accomplished by damming a mountain stream, at normal periods some thirty feet in width, by a substantial wall of masonry twenty feet high. American engineers would pronounce this portion of the work defective, in that along the low flood-plains to the left of the stream there are no extension retaining- walls, and hence all flood waters rush around the unprotected end of the dam. The monetary loss, when the spring waters cut a new stream-bed, as they will, over the alluvial plain, will be of small moment as compared to the distress which will be caused by the temporary cutting off of the water-supply from a city whose people have become educated to the use of water from faucets. "Beyond this primary objection to the work as it stands, it may be said that the undertaking has been well and ably executed, under the direction of Spanish engineers, including, as it does, settling basins, sand filters, pumping basins, steam lifting pumps, primary receiving reservoirs, and secondary distributing reservoirs. " It is estimated that this plant is capable of raising and distributing two million gallons of water in twelve hours, with one set of pumps in action. "All the great basins have been built by throwing up a massive surrounding-wall of earth, and erecting against this a stone wall four feet in thickness, finished with a cement lining. The stone used in their construction is » fine-grained blue lime- stone brought from the mountains within a mile and a half of Rio Piedras. As a building-stone, it is said to be excellent. It is worked, however, with some difficulty. * * * "The water comes from the dam through a twenty-four inch pipe to two settling basins, which are used alternately, and it is here held for twenty-four hours, until the major portion of the foreign matter has precipitated. DISPOSITION OF GARBAGE. 109 "Provision is made at the lower end of these basins to flow off the water into the stream. * * * "From the settling basins, it is flowed into great duplicate filter basins, which have a bed covering of four feet of coarse sand; the water passes through these beds of sand into the final pumping basin. "In the event of any trouble with the filter beds, it is possible to flow the water, by side trenches with cemented walls, around the filter basin, directly into the pumping pits. The pumps are direct-coupled, and the engines are of the condensing type, manufactured by a Glasgow firm. "The primary reservoir is situated one hundred and sixty feet above the pumps, and is a work of beauty. The walls are of rough masonry, topped with a handsome stone fence. The center of this great basin, holding three million seven hundred thousand gallons, is divided by a median wall, and the valve-house is situated at one side of this division. "A twenty-inch main pipe leads into the city. * * * The total cost of the completed plant with the water in the mains, it is said, will be somewhat over six hundred thousand pesos." Dinwiddie, Porto Rico, p. 185-187 [1899]. "Water for all purposes, including the fire department, is amply supplied by an aqueduct." Hill, p. 178. "Ponce has the merit of an admirable water supply." Carroll, p. 210. "There are waterworks supplying an abundance of good, potable water." Din- widdie, p. 189. MAYAGUEZ. "The city has excellent waterworks." Hill, p. 179. ' ' The water for the city is brought from a mountain torrent two miles away in the foot-hills, and is good and abundant." Dinwiddie, p. 193. ' ' Its water supply is excellent, requiring only proper filtration to make it acceptable. * * * The city council has voted a considerable appropriation for the improve- ment of its waterworks, and a comprehensive system of sewerage is a probability of the near future. " Carroll, p. 209. DISPOSITION OF GARBAGE. The enumerators were instructed to write in the column fo. answers to this question "Municipal" (municipal), "Particular" (private), or "Se quema" (by burning), according to the method of disposition used at the dwelling where the question was put. In addition to these three classes it was necessary to introduce a fourth for unspecified or insuf- ficiently specified, but less than 1 per cent of the houses fell into this last class. The facts for Porto Pico as a whole are shown in the following table: Method of disposing of garbage. Number of dwellings so reporting. Per cent of all dwellings. Municipal . . Burning Private Not specified Total.. 20, 194 24, 637 112, 347 1,127 13 16 71 1 158, 305 110 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Of the total dwellings in Porto Rico about one-eighth were provided with some municipal means of disposing of garbage, and the inhabi- tants of rather more than one-seventh used burning as a method of disposition. In substantially all the remainder — that is, in more than seven-tenths of the dwellings on the island — the inhabitants reported private means of disposition other than burning. Among the departments, municipal disposition of garbage was most common in those at the eastern end of the island, Guayama and Humacao, and least common in those at the northwest, Aguadilla and Arecibo. Burning was much more common in Ponce and Humacao than else- where, the other five departments all falling below the average for the island in this respect. Per cent of urban dwellings using specified method of garbage disposal. City. Municipal. Burning. Private. Not speci- fied. 65 68 58 5 26 23 29 6 19 1 1 64 20 15 1 In the three cities, as shown above, between half and two-thirds of the dwellings were provided with some municipal disposition of gar- bage, and in Ponce and San Juan the residents of about one-fourth of the dwellings were reported as disposing of their garbage by burning. DISPOSITION OF EXCRETA. The entries which the enumerators were allowed to make in the col- umn containing the answers to this question were "pozo," "iuodoro," or "ninguna" (none). In addition to the three thus allowed, there will be found in the tables a fourth class of "not specified," to cover cases where the question was not answered. The onty recognized methods of disposal, therefore, were pozo and inodoro. As it is diffi- cult to find any exact English equivalent for these words, they will be retained in the following discussion of the tables. 1 In Table XXXIV pozo has been translated as cesspool and inodoro as sewer, but these English words are not exact equivalents of the Spanish terms they render. 1 The inodoro includes every receptacle for excreta in which an effort is made to destroy or decrease the foul odors arising therefrom, usually by the addition of such substances as lime, dry clay, or ashes. The pozo includes all other forms of closet. The modern form of closet flushed by water from a system of pipes, called escusado ingles, is very unusual in Porto Rico. Either the inodoro or the pozo is cleaned, when it is cleaned at all, by scavengers hired by the property owner. DISPOSITION OX EXCRETA. Ill The following table shows the frequency of these various modes of disposal: Mode of disposing of excreta. Number of dwellings using it in Porto Eico. Per cent of total dwellings. 120, 924 34,829 1,181 1,371 76 22 1 1 Total 158,305 100 More than three-fourths of the dwellings in Porto Rico have no pro- vision of any kind for this purpose. It is said that in rural Spain the inhabitants commonly have no closets or outhouses, but resort to the .fields, and the same is apparently true of Porto Rico. Of the houses having conveniences of this sort, over nineteen-twentieths (96.7 per cent) reported a, pozo and less than one-twentieth (3.3 per cent) an ino- doro. In this respect the departments stand as follows: Per cent of total dwellings supplied wtih specified mode of disposal of excreta. Department. Aguadilla . Arecibo ... Bayamon.. Guayama.. Humacao. . Mayaguez . Ponce Total Pozo. 17 17 28 23 17 24 25 Inodoro. No form. 83 77 81 75 72 Not specified It is clear that except in the three departments containing large cities the inodoro is practically unknown. In the following table the facts are given for the three cities separately reported: Per cent of urban dwellings using specified method of disposing of excreta. City. Pozo. Inodoro. No form. Not specified. 75 79 71 6 4 11 18 16 18 1 1 76 6 17 1 This table shows that in San Juan an inodoro was found in a little more than one-tenth of the dwellings, but that in the other two cities it occurred in only about one dwelling in twenty. In the three cities one house in six, on an average, was without closet conveniences. In the following table the facts are given for the rural districts of 112 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. the three departments containing these cities, i. e., for the three departments outside of these cities: Per cent of rural dwellings using specified method of disposing of excreta. Rural districts of- Bayamon Mayaguez Ponce Total rural Per cent. Pozo. 23 18 17 Inodoro. No form. Not speci- fied. 81 81 In these rural districts there was a pozo in connection with less than one-fifth of the dwellings, while nearly four-fifths were without this or any other form of receiving excreta. VITAL STATISTICS, 1888-1898, INCLUSIVE. [See Tables XXXV-XXXVH.] In connection with the present census a careful and accurate report was received at the office of the Director, giving the number of births, deaths, and marriages registered in each municipal district of Porto Rico for each calendar year from 1888 to 1898, inclusive, and, in the case of births and deaths, with distinction of sex. In the report the districts are arranged alphabetically, but for purposes of analysis they have been assembled by departments. In this form the figures are included in the present volume, and those for the several departments are here introduced from pages 345-351: Deaths in Porto L iV-o, 1888-1898, by departments. Department. 18SS. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1S94. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao — Mayaguez 2,731 4,025 2,912 2,652 2,760 4,596 5,892 3,058 4,181 3,092 3,301 3,308 3,982 5,333 2,666 4,103 3,420 3,395 3,147 4,831 5,493 2,505 3,607 3,319 2,768 2,904 3,996 4,990 2,476 4, 151 3,352 2,388 3,082 4,018 5,007 2,158 3,571 3,176 2,195 2,506 3,227 4,783 2,606 4,069 3,482 2,861 2,671 3,812 5,395 2,660 4,578 4,186 2,722 2,669 4,402 5,067 2,699 4,586 3,447 2,927 3,067 3,954 4,755 2,770 5,113 4,580 4,304 4,545 4,390 6,278 3,579 6,206 3,819 4,344 3,584 5,347 6,735 29,808 48,190 38,785 33,857 34,243 46,555 59,728 Porto Rico . 25,568 26,255 26, 955 24,089 24, 474 21, 616 24, 896 26,284 25,435 31,980 33,614 291,166 Births in Porto Rico, 1888-1898, by departments. Department. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Aguadilla Arecibo . . Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez 2,676 4,682 3,408 3,089 2,862 4,393 6,291 2,247 4,647 3,101 2,944 2, 610 3,738 5, 826 2,544 4,209 2,910 2,703 2,168 3,807 5,890 2,368 4,407 3,003 2,390 2,052 3,742 5,534 2,548 5,176 3,036 2,448 2, 353 3,719 6, 022 2,499 4,507 3,251 2,862 2,322 4,039 5,977 2,516 4,526 2, 970 2,613 2,526 4,073 5,324 2,524 5,154 2,789 2,594 2,681 3,961 5,387 2,754 5,663 2,660 2,430 3,118 4,067 5,578 2,625 5,364 2,774 2,049 2,630 4,124 6,261 2,087 3,652 2,216 2,077 1,902 3,221 4,564 27,388 51,987 32,118 28,199 27,224 42,884 62,654 Porto Ri zo . 27, 401 25, 113 24,231 23,496 25,302 25,457 24,548 25, 090 26,270 J25.827 19,719 272,454 VITAL STATISTICS. Marriages in Porto Rico, 1888-1898, by departments. 118 Department. 1888. 485 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. Aguadilia 450 595 648 626 572 556 673 657 532 390 6,184 Areeibo 845 484 855 624 666 841 734 956 822 857 487 8,171 Bayamon 304 375 577 469 550 601 475 587 549 445 428 5,360 Guayama 327 205 383 358 435 496 404 380 427 393 315 4,123 Humacao 151 126 252 224 277 367 285 283 229 241 294 2,729 Mayaguez 278 232 586 743 691 621 864 711 528 477 362 6,093 Ponce 899 629 831 828 751 799 616 675 561 784 462 7,725 Porto Eico . 3,289 2,401 4,079 3,894 3,996 4,297 3,934 4,265 3,773 3,729 2,728 40, 385 The first question which arises regarding such tables as the pre- ceding is, How accurate and complete are the figures? The table received by the Director of the Census was entirely free from arith- metical errors, and in the course of analysis only one slight defect — a transposition of two numbers — was detected. But this does not vouch for the completeness of the original records, of which this table is a summary. In default of opportunity to examine the law and admin- istration of Porto Rico in such matters, one is compelled, in determin- ing the probabilities of the case, to rely upon internal evidence. For this purpose one must compare the proportion between the recorded births and deaths and the population, and ascertain whether these pro- portions, the so-called death rates and birth rates, agree with the known probabilities under such conditions as prevail in Porto Rico. In order to estimate the population, it has been assumed that the inhab- itants increased by an equal number each year between 1887 and 1899' — an assumption sufficiently accurate for the purpose in hand. DEATHS AND DEATH RATES. The total population of Porto Rico for each year, and the deaths and death rates, or average number of persons dying to each thousand of the estimated population, were as given in the following table: Death rates, 1888-1898. Year. Estimated population. Deaths reported. Death rates. 1888 811, 454 824, 344 837, 234 850, 124 863,014 875,903 888, 793 901, 683 914, 573 927, 463 940, 353 25,568 26,255 26^955 24, 089 24,474 21, 616 24,896 26,284 25,435 31, 980 33, 614 31.5 31.8 32.1 28.3 28.3 24.6 28.0 29.1 27.8 34.4 35.7 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 875, 903 26,469 30.2 If these figures may be trusted, it appears that about 3 per cent of the population of Porto Rico die each year. If the population of Porto Rico were what is known as stationary — that is, neither increas- ing nor decreasing year by year in total numbers, and experiencing no 8490—00 8 114 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE PORTO RICO, 1899. loss or gain from emigration or immigration — and 3 per cent died eaoh year, it is clear that a number equal to the total population of the island would have died at the end of thirty -three and one-third years. This does not imply that every person on the island would die on reaching that age, but does imply that the persons dying below the age of 3H years would be equal in number to those dying above that age, and, consequently, that a child born in Porto Rico would have an even chance of reaching 33i years before its death. This is what is sometimes called by statisticians the expectation of life. In such a stationary population, also, there would be as many persons below as above 33i years — that is, the median age of the population would be 33^ years. Now, it has already appeared from the analysis of the age figures of Porto Rico (page 47) that the median age is not 33i, but 18.1 years. A part of this difference is due to the fact that the popu- lation of Porto Rico is increasing rather than stationary. But this increase is far from sufficient to account for the difference between the observed median age of the population and the median age estimated on the assumption of a stationary population and a death rate of 30 per annum. The only obvious way of escaping the difficulty is to assume that the true death rate in Porto Rico must be somewhat higher than the death rate of 30 obtained from the analysis of the figures, and that many deaths have occurred on the island which have not been entered in the registers or reported to this office. Another line of argument may be offered tending to the same result. Porto Rico has been gaining but little by immigration, and nearly all of its increase has been by excess of births over deaths. This increase, however, for the last few decades, has been but little more than 1.5 per cent per annum. If one can ascertain approximately the births in Porto Rico each year and their ratio to population, one may ascer- tain indirectly the probable number of deaths. Now, two censuses, those of 1860 and 1899, have reported the number of children under 1 year of age in Porto Rico. They are the survivors of the children born within the preceding twelve months. In the following table these two are compared with the total population reported by the census: Per cent of population under 1 year of age. Census. Total popu- lation. Population under 1 year of age. Per cent. 1860 583, 308 953, 243 16, 833 26, 309 2.8 2.7 1899 These figures indicate a birth rate for Porto Rico of at least 27 per thousand population, but two considerations warrant the belief that the true birth rate must be much higher than this. In the first place, no account has been taken of the number of children who were born and VITAL STATISTICS. 115 then died in Porto Rico in the year preceding the census day. From all that is known of the conditions on the island, one may assume that this proportion was very high. Where ignorance, poverty, and unsani- tary conditions prevail, it is not at all uncommon for one-fourth of all the children born to die during their first year of life. If one assumes that this is true in Porto Rico, the true birth rate would be 35 or 36 instead of 30. That this is not an exaggerated estimate of the true birth rate is perhaps indicated by the fact that Spain, for the years 1865-1869, reported an average birthrate of 36.7, for the years 1878- 1880 an average birth rate of 35.7, and for the years 1887-1888 an average rate of 36.3. All that one knows of Porto Rican conditions indicates that the birth rate on that island must be decidedly higher than it is in Spain. A second cause for thinking the birth rate in Porto Rico to be much higher than 27 is found in the general tendency of parents, in report- ing the ages of young children, to overstate them. For this reason the number of children under 1 becomes erroneously small by the transfer of many infants really belonging in that class into the class of children 1 or even 2 years old. From Table IX it will be noticed that the chil- dren in Porto Rico 2, 3, and 4 years old, November 10, 1899, were much more numerous than those under 1. Such a relation, if it existed, could be due only to an abnormally low birth rate for the preceding year or a very high infant mortality affecting mainly the children under 1. Neither of these assumptions seems so probable as that a considerable number of Porto Rican children belonging to the first year of life have been transferred, as often happens, to the later age periods. When one considers that Saxony, Russia in Europe, and Roumania have a birth rate of between 40 and 50 per annum, it seems probable that the true birth rate of Porto Rico must be as high as 40 per annum, and that the true death rate is nearer 40 than 30, while both birth rate and death rate may not improbably rise above 40. On the whole, therefore, it is not probable that the births and deaths recorded in the preceding tables included all or nearly all of those which occurred in Porto Rico. Still, inferences may perhaps be derived from the figures, notwithstanding the admission that they are imperfect and incomplete. From the table showing deaths and death rates in Porto Rico year by year it appears that these have varied quite widely from a minimum rate of 24.6 to a maximum of 35.7. The rates at the beginning and end of the period of eleven years were much higher than for several years in the middle of the series. The variations, however, have not been sharp, being in nowise comparable with those shown in Cuba for the same period. 116 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. In the following table the death rates are given by departments for each year: Death rates in Porto Rico, 1888-1898, by departments. Year. Aguadilla. Arecibo. Bayamon. Guayama. Humacao. Mayaguez. Ponce. 1888 31.3 34.6 28.6 27.6 26.9 23.2 27.7 27.9 28.0 28.4 36.3 31.6 32.0 38.1 26.3 29.6 24.9 27.7 30.6 30.0 32.7 38.9 23.3 24.3 26.4 25.3 25.1 23.4 25.3 30.0 24.3 31.9 26.2 26.9 33.1 33.7 27.1 23.1 21.0 27.0 25.4 27.0 39.3 39.2 29.4 35.0 33.0 30.3 31.9 25.8 27.3 27.1 30.9 45.6 35.7 39.3 33.7 40.6 33.3 33.2 26.4 31.0 35.5 31.7 34.9 42.2 36.1 1889 1890 1891 28.6 1892 1893 26.3 29.1 26.8 24.7 32.0 33.7 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 Average 29.1 30.5 26.0 29.4 32.0 34.7 29.9 These departments do not vary widely from the average for the island, nor does it appear that any one or more of the departments suffered severely while the remainder were unaffected. In one case, in the year 1897, it would seem that the eastern end of the island, Humacao, Guayama, and Bayamon suffered and the death rate rose, while in the other four departments this did not occur. In 1893 nearly all the departments seem to have had a comparatively low death rate, while in 1890 the death rate in two of the western departments, Maya- guez and Arecibo, was unusually high. One is somewhat surprised to find the average rate for Mayaguez running higher than in the other departments, and the suspicion arises that this may be due to more accurate records rather than to a rate really above the average. BIRTHS AND BIRTH RATES. The following table gives the birth rates for Porto Rico as a whole, by single years: Birth rates in Porto Rico, 1888-1898. Year. Population. Births. Birth rates. 1888 811,454 824,344 837,234 850, 124 863, 014 875, 903 888,793 901,683 914, 573 927, 463 940, 353 27,401 25,113 24, 231 23,496 25, 302 25, 457 24,548 25, 090 26, 270 25, 827 19, 719 33.7 30.4 28.9 27.6 29.3 29.0 27.6 27.8 28.7 27.8 19.9 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 : 1898 875, 903 24, 768 28.2 One notices that, on the average, the registered number of births to a thousand persons is less than the registered number of deaths to a thousand persons. As Porto Rico has been gaining but little b} r immi- gration in recent years, this apparent inference from the tables must be rejected as incorrect and interpreted as evidence of omissions in the VITAL STATISTICS. 117 birth records. In nearly all countries omissions of births occur much more frequently than omissions of deaths. The birth rate in Arecibo and Mayaguez is higher than elsewhere, a condition which leads one again to suspect that the figures for Mayaguez are probably more accurate and careful than those kept by the other departments. Much the lowest birth rate in the island is found in Bayamon. It is probable that the proportion of children under 5 in 1899 to the total population would vary from department to department in rough agreement with the variations in true birth rate during the preceding years. That they do not thus vary is indicated by the following list: Departments arranged in the order of Increasing proportion of population, 0-4: Increasing birth rate, 1895-1898: Mayaguez. Bayamon. Ponce. Humacao. Bayamon. Guayama. Arecibo. Aguadilla. Aguadilla. Ponce. Humacao. Mayaguez. Guayama. Arecibo. From these figures one's belief is strengthened that the differences in birth rate and death rate are due primarily to differences in the accuracy of registration rather than to differences of actual rate. MARRIAGES AND MARRIAGE RATES. The proportion of marriages to population in Porto Kico, is so low as to make the figures insignificant. One notices from the table (p. 113) that marriages were apparently much more numerous during the years from 1890 to 1895 than during the two years before or after that time. This may be an indication that the economic conditions on the island were somewhat worse during the earlier and the later parts of the eleven-year period than they were in the intervening time, but beyond this scarcely any inferences from the table seem warranted. In the following table the departments are arranged in the order of the average marriage rate for the eleven years, and in the second col- umn the proportion of white to the total population is stated: Department. Average marriage rate for 11 years. Propor- tion of white to total popula- tion. 2.5 3,5 3.6 3.8 4.5 5.1 6.0 46.1 50.7 48.9 59.6 64.3 77.1 85.6 It will be noticed that, with a slight exception in the case of Guayama, the two columns vary concomitantly. This confirms what was also shown by the figures for marital condition, that lawful marriage is much more common among the white population than among the colored. AGRICULTURE. While agriculture is now the principal source of wealth to Porto Rico, the early settlers were for many years engaged in cattle raising, and this is still an important industry, the rich and luxuriant pastures and many streams providing all that is necessary for this purpose. It may- be said that all fruits and vegetables adapted to a tropical climate will yield abundantly in Porto Rico, and this is especially true of the coffee tree, the sugar cane, and the tobacco plant, the three staples of most importance in the order named, and grown widely over the island. The following reports, prepared especially for the census by Senors M. Badrena, supervisor of the department of Mayaguez; Ricardo Hernandez, supervisor of the department of Bayamon, and M. Pla- nella, of Cayey, give interesting facts concerning the history and culti- vation of coffee, sugar, and tobacco. They are printed substantially as received. COFFEE. Report of Sefior Ricarbo Hernandez. ' l The coffee plant is a shrub 2 or 3 meters high with permanent leaves, a delicate, flexible trunk of some 6 centimeters in diameter, with oppo- site and alternate ramifications forming crosses. It generally bifur- cates at the surface of the ground, giving the appearance of two or three plants being joined together. This is due to the fact that each grain of coffee gives origin to two plants. The system of cultivation has limited the development of the height to the point above indicated, but in Arabia and in some parts of America where the tree is allowed to grow freely, the coffee becomes a thick tree with sharp lanceolate erect leaves, dark green in color, permanent, thick, and smooth. ' ' The blossom of the coffee is white, fragrant, and resembles the jas- mine blossom, with five stamens grouped together and implanted in the axila of the leaves ; tubular corolla, small globulous calyx with five teeth. "The fruit is oblong, fleshy, resembling the cherry, bright green in color, which on ripening turns to an intense red, and contains in the interior the seed composed of two coriaceous plano-convex discs, so firmly united at their plane surfaces that they sometimes break before separating. "The coffee has a central or tap root which penetrates the ground about 80 centimeters, and also many secondary rootlets near the surface. " 118 CULTIVATION OF COFFEE. 119 SUITABLE CLIMATE. "In Porto Rico the select and renowned coffee is produced between 200 and 800 meters above the sea level. At this elevation are found the towns of Yauco, Lares, Maricao, Utuado, Cayey, etc., which form the productive region of the renowned coffee of Porto Rico. This region, which includes something more than the southwest quad- rant of the island, is characterized by a climate of perpetual spring. The constant breeze refreshes the atmosphere and the frequent rains equalize the seasons so that not even in times of drought does the vege- tation suffer as occurs on the southern coast of the island, nor during the rainy season are the rains so heavy as on the north coast. Owing to these favorable climatic conditions and to the fact that the coffee groves are situated in valleys sheltered from the strong winds, and the soil, of which we will presently speak in detail, is due the enviable reputation of the coffee of the country. "In the central range of Porto Rico is the Sierra Luquilla, which has an elevation of 1,500 meters above the level of the sea, and it is observed that above the middle height of this mountain coffee groves do not exist. Whether owing to the climate or to the soil, which may be unsuitable, where only grow some shrubs in thickets and some worthless herbs, it is true that after 800 meters have been passed the coffee is not seen, and all attempts to grow it at that altitude have been without results. "Coffee growers modify the climate by employing shade, that is, they plant their coffee groves beneath the shade of a grove of thick trees, as, for example, the hueares, guaba, jdbo, guama, mtmgo, etc., and under the banana trees when the coffee groves are young. SUITABLE SOIL. "The coffee grows on hills of low elevation, associated with many other trees, which afford shade, modify the temperature, and protect the coffee from the hurricanes and torrential rains. "The composition of these coffee soils is variable, but in all of them sand predominates and on the surface there is an abundant covering, the product of the decayed vegetation of the forest. "The land which produces the renowned coffee of Porto Rico, as to its physical appearance, seems to be a very fine clay, and when it rains becomes as slippery as soap, and transit at such times is dangerous. It has a red color when moist, and when squeezed through the fingers resembles in its color and smoothness the oxide of iron paint, but when dry it becomes very hard. 120 REPORT ON THE CENSLS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. CULTIVATION OF COFFEE. "The method employed in Porto Rico and other points for the grow- ing and multiplication of coffee, by utilizing the plants which spring up from the seed which falls alone or is lost at gathering time, must be superseded by another method more certain, employing seed set apart for the purpose. "In order to make seed beds, a place is selected with a slightly inclined surface, or at least one which will not become swampy or muddy and which has a good layer of vegetable soil, and it is worked or spaded until the same is well pulverized. It is cleared of all roots, stones, etc., and if the land be not sufficiently fertile it is enriched with common barnyard manure. After this has been done, in the month of February, the sowing takes place, for which purpose coffee grains in the berry or husk are selected which can be seen to have unusual size and weight, and which give signs of being perfectly formed, and they are planted at a depth of 3 centimeters. The grains are planted with the finger, or, as is more convenient, with a stick, and after being placed in the hole are covered with earth, which is pressed down with the hand. The planting should be in rows sepa- rated from each other :i distance of about 15 centimeters, and the dis- tance between each planted grain should be the same. In about twenty days the new coffee plants will commence to spring up, and they are allowed to remain for a year or a year and a half, when they will have acquired a height of about 80 centimeters or have three crosses, at which time they may be transplanted to the site determined upon for the coffee grove. "The care of the seed beds during this time is limited to clearing it of weeds and taking measures to prevent the winds from injuring the " tender plants, because if they are seen to turn black or take on a burnt color the center or stock of the little plant will cease to grow. They may be protected from the winds by making palisades or shelters of boards, palm leaves, cane, bamboo, etc. " When the small plants have acquired the height indicated, the lower and middle branches are cut off, leaving only the cross branches in order that the trunk may grow straight and clean, and its top or branching commence at the height most convenient for the work of gathering the crop. ' ' Some days after this pruning the trees are taken up from the seed bed, using for this purpose a narrow spade, which is thrust into the earth near the foot of the tree to a depth equal to the length of the roots, and then by gently employing the necessaiy force, the tree is taken out with all its roots intact, and with a clod of earth which it is necessary to preserve, so that the roots may remain covered and insure a new rooting when transplanted. CULTIVATION OF COFFEE. 121 "When the trees taken up have very long tap roots, say of 20 cen- timeters, it is well to cut off the lower half with a pair of scissors. PLANTING. "The first necessary condition which land intended for a coffee grove must have is that it be protected from the full force of the constant and tempestuous winds; thus ravines, points protected by a mountain or masses of vegetation, those exposed to the south, etc., possess these conditions. The land must also be sloping or high, so that the rains shall never form pools or mud holes. "The preparation of the land consists in the labors necessary to pul- verize the ground, turn the earth over, thoroughly cleaning it of roots, stones, etc., and making the holes which are to receive the young plants. "The planting or setting out of the plants is done in the following manner: "On the land plowed and cleaned equidistant lines are marked out, 2£ meters from each other, and along this line, at intervals of 2£ meters, holes are dug 45 centimeters long, 45 centimeters wide, and 45 centimeters deep. The superficial earth is placed to the right of the hole, and the lower earth, or subsoil, to the left, the latter being thoroughly mixed with a kilogram of barnyard manure. "Eight days after the holes have been dug the plant is set out, being brought from the seed bed in baskets, the roots wrapped in bark and banana leaves and covered with damp coffee sacking, and then the laborers proceed to set out the plants. One man takes the plant and places it in the hole, throwing in first the earth on the right-hand side of the hole — that is, that portion of earth taken from the surface, which, being richer, is best to place next to the roots — and then the hole is filled with the remaining fertilized earth, tramping it down in the hole in order to make it firm. "Three or four months after the first planting it is necessary to replant — that is, to set out trees in those holes in which the first plant- ings did not live — taking care that the new trees have the same size as the others in oi"der that the entire grove may develop and grow evenly. WORKINGS. "The coffee groves situated on level lands, or those but slightly in- clined and in situations which permit the employment of oxen, ought to be worked with the plow, giving it two plowings a year, the first after the replanting and six months later the second, selecting such times for this operation as will find the soil fresh and moist. " If, owing to the condition of the ground or on account of its incli- nation the plow can not be used, the coffee grove must be worked by 122 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. hand, and the hoe employed for this purpose should penetrate 30 centi- meters into the ground; and as this work is expensive, it is done but once a year, in the month of December. PRUNING. "The coffee, like all trees intended to bear fruit, requires pruning. If the excessive, badly calculated pruning which has been practiced in Cuba has been prejudicial, the abandonment of these groves to spon- taneous development, to which they have been left in Porto Rico and other points, has also worked injury. If we consider the tree as a machine destined to give fruit and produce forced profits, its growth must be regulated and its organs prepared. "The coffee tree should be pruned from the time it is 3 years old, counting from the time when the first pruning gave shape to the tree. This operation consists in cutting away during the third year the first crosses above the roots in order to commence the formation of a clean, strong, straight trunk. The fourth year, the fourth and even the fifth cross is removed for the purpose of preparing the final and only cross of the tree, which is to serve for the woody branches and for the for- mation of the top. During the fifth year the center is cut in order to restrain the longitudinal growth of the tree, and leave the cross at the height of a meter and a half, which is most convenient afterwards when gathering the fruit. If the tree should be allowed to grow taller the gathering would be difficult, and if it should have a lesser height ' would reduce the body of the tree and diminish the productive zone. ' ' In addition to the formative prunings which terminate during the fifth or sixth year an annual pruning is necessary, which is intended: "First. To make the grove render the largest possible amount of fruit; and in order to secure this result it is necessary to cut off the old branches, or those which have exhausted their capacity to bear fruit, in order to give the tree the necessary light and ventilation. " Second. To suppress the suckers which absorb the sap and give no fruit; to cut the sprouts from the foot of the tree and also from the trunk and those which grow among the branches in unsuitable places; to suppress crooked and badly placed branches, those that may have been broken by storms, in the gathering of the fruit, or those which may have been broken by the excessive weight of the fruit. "The pruning is done after the harvest has been collected — that is, in the months of December and January — and a saw should be employed for the thick branches, and limbs over an inch and a half in thickness should scarcely ever be cut off. For the slender branches and sprouts, a sharp cutting machete should be used, always making clean cuts close to the limb, covering the wound with some sort of grafting wax. CULTIVATION OF COFFEE. 123 HOEING. " Hoeing is for the purpose of freeing the ground of pernicious vege- tation. In Porto Rico, Cuba, and many other places this operation is usually performed by cutting away the growth with blows of the machete. "The hoeing in the improved cultivation is not performed in this manner, because by the following month, in tropical regions, the pernicious vegetation has again grown up, owing to the climate, tem- perature, and humidity. The cleaning must be done with a hoe, dig- ging well into the ground and causing the pernicious plants to dry up even to the roots. This is the way to destroy this vegetation in a few years and also benefit the coffee trees and enrich the ground. "If in the month of January the hoeing or plowing was done, of which mention has already been made, it will not be necessary to weed the ground again until the month of April, when the coffee grove is in full bloom. This work of weeding, in addition to destroying the weeds which absorb the strength of the ground, also loosens the soil which aids the bloom and assists in the development of the fruit. Another weeding, although more superficial, should be given in August in order that the fruit may receive the benefits which the blossoms received as before mentioned, and so be nourished and acquire additional weight. GATHERING. "The coffee blooms in February and March and the fruit is gathered in October and November. It can be readily seen how long the tree is engaged in reproduction, and during this time is exposed to rains which soak the pollen of the blossoms and render them sterile, to the winds which shake the fruit, to the sun which dries it up, to the birds, insects, and accidents which destroy the product of the grove. "The gathering may be performed in the following ways: 1. By hand, gathering the berries one by one, placing them in baskets, sacks, etc. 2. By shaking the tree, causing the ripe fruit to fall by a gentle motion, and then gathering the berries from the ground. 3. By spontaneous falling, waiting until they by natural processes fall to the ground. "The first process is the one employed in Porto Rico, Cuba, and other places. It is the most reasonable, perfect, and proper, but it is neces- sary to have command of a sufficient working population, as it calls for numerous hands. Each person can or ought to gather a/onega 1 in a day. l Afanega is about 100 pounds. 124 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. COFFEE INDUSTRIES. "The coffee from the time it is gathered until sent to market goes through eight delicate processes or operations, on which depends the commercial value of the grain. " 1. The most primitive method of hulling consists in putting the coffee into a wooden mortar and with a hard, heavy wooden pestle pound it long enough to loosen the hull of the coffee, green or dry, according to the plan adopted. "2. The coffee, after being hulled green, remains covered with a mucilage that must be removed, for which purpose the grains are washed in ordinary water. "3. After the coffee is washed it must be dried, and for this purpose it is spread out on the drier for the time necessary, so that the heat and air may thoroughly dry the grains. "4. From the warehouses or granaries where the coffee has been hulled the drier or seasoner is taken, which is a large shallow box of wood on stringers placed on supports. These boxes are movable, so they may be run out into the sunshine or returned under roof at night or when it rains. "5. When the coffee is dry it must be separated from the mem- branous endocarp or parchment which still covers and protects the grain, and this is so adherent that considerable force is necessary to separate it, and a good degree of skill in the work is needed in order to avoid breaking of the grain. "6. As the above-described operation leaves the coffee mixed with the film with which it was covered, it is necessary to clean it, and owing to the lightness of the film compared to the grain, wind is used to make the separation, and it is therefore made to fall in a shower from a certain height in some place where there is a good current of air. "7. Classification is the most tedious and delicate operation, and in Porto Rico is performed by women, who put the coffee out upon the ground or on a table and proceed to classify or select, forming the first class of the sound, large, entire, and clean grains. This is 'select' coffee. The second class, called triache, is composed of small, dark grains, having been too long in the dryer or taken from the tree before they were fully ripe. The third class is 'broken' coffee, which in- cludes all grains that are torn and broken during the various cleaning operations. "8. After the coffee is classified and selected it is packed in such a manner that it will be protected from exterior influences and causes that might damage or injure it. Wooden boxes, barrels, or sacks are used for this purpose, and are stored in the warehouses until the coffee is sold. CULTIVATION OF COFFEE. 125 "There are small plantations where the cultivation is both intelligent and intense, which produce 30 quintals and more per hectare, but this is exceptional, for there are lands in the same region which scarcely produce one quintal. As an average crop, taken from the different classes of land, and taking into account also the variations that occur from year to year, a production of from 10 to 14 quintals per hecta/re may be counted on as the result of fairly intelligent cultivation." Report of Sefior M. Badrena. HISTORY. "It is unquestionable that the cultivation of coffee in the island of Porto Rico was started by emigrants from the island of Haiti, situated westerly of Porto Rico. The insurrection of the black element against the white decided most of the latter to quit the French side of that island and seek refuge in Porto Rico, not only on account of the fertility of the soil, but also because of the good nature of the natives. The many families of French descent which reside in the coffee districts confirm my opinion about this particular. PROGRESS. "Progress in cultivation was necessarily slow, as the plant requires ten years for full development, and markets were also to be found. Up to the year 1876, planters had no inducement to extend the culti- vation; the prices left no margin of profit, and the augmentation in the crops came only from natural development and some work done indifferently. Coffee was then considered of little consequence in the future of Porto Rico. Up to that time our markets were limited to ports of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy ranging the first. Some was exported also to Germany and France; very little to other markets. All at once the United States of America opened their markets to free coffee, and a jump of from $12 to $19 soon occurred; then another jump and the price went up to $29.30 per hundredweight, and I say dollars because at that time our exchange was below par. As men- tioned before, this happened in the year 1876, and many were the cargoes that left our shores for the United States, sailing ships being the only vessels obtainable. Unfortunately, no attention was paid to the quality shipped, and as we can not compete with Brazilian coffee on account of its relative cheapness, the field in the United States remained for Brazil. Later the attention of many was called to coffee growing; there was a good margin in it then, and more care in the manipulation of the bean brought to us the highest prices and the best markets of Europe. Spain and Cuba consumed the poorest qualities. " 126 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. HARD TIMES. "Not all of the planters prospered, however, during the long period of good prices. Excessive expenditures, unnecessary expansion in buy- ing new lands, money borrowed at high interest, and other causes, principally the changing from the gold basis to silver, which apparently, but only apparently, favored their interests, resulted in bad times for the planters, who found themselves involved in debt. "The war came; burning of plantations was of daily occurrence, the demand from Spain and Cuba was annulled, and the price was lower than could be remembered in a generation. Hopes, however, were bright for a good crop and good prices this year, but the hurricane of the 8th of August brought the final collapse. Much more can be said, but the above is sufficient in general terms to bring the attention of the Government to the present condition of the coffee interests. CULTIVATION SEEDING. "The old method was simple enough and consisted in breaking up soil and planting the berries after they were deprived of their soft cover or pulp. In this way a considerable quantity of small plants, as many as 15,000 to 16,000 per cuerda, 1 were obtained. When the plants were 3 years old they were removed or transplanted. Cost per cuerda, $15, United States currency. According to the modern method, the soil is prepared as above. The sprouts which grow near and around the old trees are carefully gathered and transplanted in holes of about 10 to 12 centimeters, placed 1 square foot from each other. In this way from 5,000 to 6,000 plants are obtained in good condition every year from each cuerda, and the cost is $16, United States currency. The young plants are invariably removed to places where the shade and consequent moisture of large trees favor their growth. It is a fact that without this sort of protection the shrubs will not thrive. Thus every care is taken in the selection of the best shade, as the prospect of the future coffee-bearing tree largely depends on that. The coffee tree is completely developed and producing after seven years if the conditions under which the growth has been perfected have been favorable. Otherwise it will need ten years, and the product will never compete with that of a good sound tree. The cost of one cuerda of good coffee up to the date of production will average $180, United States currency. PRODUCE. ' ' When the tree is four years old it will not produce sufficient to cover expenses, and if the soil is not of the best quality the conditions will be the same after five or six years. In such districts of this depart- ment (Mayaguez) as Las Marias and Maricoa, the produce of 1 cuerda 1 A cuerda is equal to 1.008 acres. CULTIVATION OF COFFEE. 127 will range from 200 to 1,200 pounds. A fair average will give for every cuerda 400 pounds. The topographical conditions of the coffee-growing districts are such, and the hills so steep, that the only agricultural implement that can be used with effect is the common machete, or chopping knife. It is used both for cleaning the ground and for making the holes. ' ' During the months of March and April the trees are in full blossom. The flowering season covers two months; the flowers begin to show early in March, and in April the force of the florescence is complete. If March turns out to be a rainy month, most of the flowers are lost and the crop is a tardy one. If the rains in April are heavy and per- sistent, the chances are that the flowers will soon rot and fall to the ground and the crop be a poor one. GATHERING. "The gathering of the ripe berries is commenced late in July or early in August, and by the end of December all the crop is in. The beans are gathered one by one by hand, taking care to leave on the tree the green berries and to preserve the branches from injury. The result of a day's gathering when delivered, is passed through a cylindrical tube wheel, which takes away the soft part of the berry, and when free of this, the berries are thrown in a water tank, built of solid brick, in which they are left from eight to twelve hours, until fer- mentation sets in and the viscosity around the shelly part of the bean is washed away. The process is helped by moving the mass two times with a rake, putting in fresh water, and then taking it out. DETING. "The process of drying by the heat of the sun will take about six days. The chances are, however, that more days are necessary, as the gathering is effected during the rainy season. In some cases twenty days are required. The way that the drying is effected is by spreading the beans on a glacis, a large square place built of brick and the best cement, a few inches above the ground, and where the beans receive the direct rays of the sun. A new device is large boxes, a few inches deep, which slide in and out of small wooden receptacles. " There is also a system of drying by steam. It consists of a revolving arum through which a column of hot air is forced by steam pressure, the drum containing a certain quantity of beans, and the operation is concluded in twenty-four hours. The cost of this apparatus prevents the use of it by the general planters. Its name is secadora. The result is advantageous, both as regards quality and cheapness, the cost for drying a hundredweight being only a fourth that of the common process. "Once the bean is well dried it is taken to the tahona, or coffee mill, 128 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. which is made of very hard wood, in the shape of a double circle, within which one or two wheels run at high speed; the wheels are also constructed of the heaviest wood and generally covered with a sheet of white metal. The pressure of the wheel over the beans removes the shell. To every mill a coffee fan is attached, which blows off the dust as the stream of beans comes out of the mill. The produce is again placed in the mill for the last stage of the process, the polishing of the bean. This is obtained by friction of the beans against each other, and of all against the revolving wheel. "When the coffee is intended for shipment to the Mediterranean ports, then some chemical is added which imparts to the bean a beau- tiful bluish tint. Common blueing is mostly used for the purpose. SORTING. ' ' Then the produce is ready for the market if a general good quality is required, but in some plantations the process is not completed before the beans are passed through a mechanical device called separadora. It is a large wire cylinder through which the beans run full length, and naturally fall, according to size, into so many departments. To produce what is called in the market 'picked plantation,' the picking is done by hand by expert women, bean by bean. Two hundred pounds :i day is the average work of an expert triUadora; 30 cents, Porto Rico, are paid for every 100 pounds. COST AND SHIPMENT. "The total cost of a hundredweight of coffee ready for market, including expenses for cultivation, is from $10 to $12 Porto Rican money, equal to $6 to $7.20 United States currency. The produce is shipped in bags, containing each from 85 to 100 kilograms." On June 8, 1768, the King issued a royal cedula giving to Porto Rico a project for the cultivation of coffee and relieving or exempting the growers from the payment of any taxes or charges for a period of five years. In 1770 the island produced 29,121 arrobas 1 of coffee, and, according to the report of Governor O'Reylly, in 1776 the production amounted to 45,049 arrobas of coffee. Since then the production, according to Senor Coll y Toste, civil secretary of Porto Rico, has been as follows, viz: Pounds. Value. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. 1890. 1897. 11, 783, 684 15, 924, 524 17, 416, 762 48,032,296 43,822,794 51, 710, 997 1 An arroba is 25 pounds English. 707,021.04 955,471.44 1,045,005.70 3,077,304.00 6, 577, 166. 56 12, 222, 599. 48 CULTIVATION OF SUGAB CANE. 129 The crop of 1898, which promised to be very large, was practically destroyed by the hurricane of August 8. The quality of the Porto Rican coffee is excellent, and the principal markets have been Cuba and Spain, but very little having been imported into the United States, where it is not well known. Under favorable conditions the coffee crop of Porto Rico is easily worth from 16,000,000 to $10,000,000. SUGAR. Report of Sefior Ricabdo Heenandez. "The sugar cane was introduced into the island of Cuba in 1548, and was sown on the banks of the Toa River, where a plantation was estab- lished with hydraulic apparatus. The sugar cane is a perennial plant, whose maturity is retarded in proportion to its approximation to the extreme limits of its geographic area; in the tropical region it may reach matu 1 ity in one year, but circumstances of an economic char- acter in its cultivation generally retard it from 12 to 20 months; out- side of the Tropics, where winter is felt, cane suspends its vegetation temporarily and takes two years or more to reach maturity. "The root of the cane is fibrous, rough, crinated, and entwines the joint which contains the germinal point of the stem; the thickness is from 1 to 5 millimeters, and the length from 50 to 80 centimeters, the number of roots varying with the age of the plant and the character of the ground; they sink to a depth of from 20 to 50 centimeters. "Every cane stalk with a germinal point which is planted produces first a shoot with the roots corresponding to the joint from which the sprouts spring; these sprouts produce afterwards others which throw out roots at their respective joints in such manner that the root of the cane becomes a stalk or bunch composed of the collection of threads attached to the canes which have grown. "After the stalk has been dug up, and the canes have been separated with their respective roots, and planted separately, they grow and thrive in the same manner as if they had been joined to the mother bunch. " Sugar cane has such a propensity for throwing out roots that it even issues them at the joints around which dry leaves are wrapped. "The stalk is a solid cane containing a longitudinal vascular pith, or tissue, straight and smooth, the epidermis of which in some varieties is covered with a species of varnish or cereous matter called cerosin. The color varies from a yellowish white to a deep yellow, and from a wine red to violet, there being some varieties which are striped with violet and yellow. "It reaches a height of 3 to 4 meters, and a diameter of 4 centimeters OB„an average, but there are some specimens of twice this thickness, and al^p one-half of the dimensions indicated, depending principally on tin? jjrouJ|d in which the plant thrives. &490— 00 9 130 REPORT OK THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. ' ' The stalk is apparently divided by annular depressions, situated at a distance of 5 to 20 centimeters from each other according to the ground, which are called the joints, being formed by crossed ramifications of the vascular longitudinal pith which forms the interior matter of the stalk. "Every joint is provided with a fertile bud which has such vitality that its contact with damp air is sufficient for it to sprout, and after- wards 10, 20 to 60, or more canes grow from this single bud consti- tuting the stalk or bunch." SUITABLE CLIMATE. "The geographical area of the sugar cane is bounded on the north by a line which, starting from the center of the state of Louisiana in the United States toward the thirty-fifth degree of latitude, continues along the coast of Andalusia, thence to the coast of Greece, crossing southern Asia and continuing as high as Pekin, being lost finally in the East; and is bounded on the south by the heights of Brazil, includ- ing all of Africa, and continuing to Oceanica, touching the north coast of Australia. "In such a zone, which includes the most important islands of the planet, and the most varied climates, it may be understood that the sugar cane is obliged to suffer meteorological accidents and phenomena very distinct and varied. The most essential factor in the life of the cane is heat, and in proportion to the fall of the thermometer in the temperate zones the period of vegetation is lengthened, or, what is the same, maturity is retarded, it being possible to make the following scale: "In countries the average temperature of which is 15 degrees centi- grade in the sun, it takes the sugar cane twenty-four months to reach maturity; in countries where said temperature is 19 degrees in the sun, sixteen months; 23 degrees, fourteen months; 25 degrees, twelve months. "When the average temperature is more than 25 degrees, as is the case in Porto Rico, then it is possible for the cane to reach maturity in from nine to ten months, provided there is sufficient humidity and it is planted in a fertile soil. In climates having a low temperature, where frosts occur, especially in the springtime, the production of cane is not very remunerative, as it generally freezes; such is the case in Spain when it is attempted to cultivate sugar cane beyond the zone which we indicated in mentioning its geographical area. "At altitudes of more than 2,500 meters sugar cane is not produced well, the fall of temperature being fatal." SUITABLE SOIL. "There are two circumstances which determine the value of for sugar cane: Their situation and their composition. CULTIVATION OP SUGAR OANE. 131 ' ' Rough lands, which are worked with difficulty and which are drained by evaporation and filtration with rapidity, are not good for this character of cultivation; and lands situated in ravines, without any drainage, which become flooded frequently, are also bad for cane. "■On the other hand, plain coast lands, cleared, which receive rains or irrigation and retain humidity some time without becoming swamped, are good for this plant; these lands not situated high above the level of- the sea, near the coasts, which are flooded by large rivers in extra- ordinary freshets, but which on account of their natural location and great depth are quickly drained, receive the name of tierras de vega, and are those used for the cultivation of sugar cane everywhere. These lands in general are alluvial lands and are very rich in fertilizing elements. ' ' Far from the coasts, i n the interior of many countries and at altitudes of 2,500 meters above the level of the sea, there are valleys, plains, and plateaus, which also have some merits for the cultivation of sugar cane, such as the tierras tie vega, or meadow lands, which are considered the best, the reason being that the lands of the tables and valleys are formed by transportation and carriage. "The physical composition of the cane lands is very variable; but in alluvial lands it is produced very well, because being relatively a surface plant it does not sink to a great depth, and therefore in other lands it would not secure sufficient space and material, which is only obtained in nutritious or very well cultivated lands." TIME OF SOWING. "In the tropical zone, where the temperature is nearly constant dur- ing the entire year, the seeds and stalks of the plant may be placed in the earth at any season, with the assurance that in a few days they will sprout in order to fulfill the laws of their destiny in nature. They will mature and die, leaving at the foot numerous ratoons. " This is the physiological life of the plants which is assisted by nature, giving them every year greater support for their existence, and thus we see the luxurious and exuberant vegetation of the plants which are left to themselves; but this spontaneous development of vegetation is modified by submitting it to rules somewhat fixed when cultivation is in question; when the plants are to fulfill economic functions, then their entire life is subjected to the satisfaction of our requirements; they are planted when it is convenient, and they are torn up when their fruit is in sufficient quantity and of the quality desired for the market. " This is one of the reasons why it is not immaterial, in tropical vege- tation, when the plantings are made; these being annual plants they must, like rice, pass through periods of heavy rains in the same way as tobacco has to have a dry season, and corn a happy medium, etc. 132 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RIOO, 1899. It is clear that in regions of an irregular climate, and among cultivators who do not observe these laws of the plants, the success of the crops is questionable. "In so far as the planting of sugar cane is concerned, let us give it a full study, discussing the nature of the plant, the character of the climate, the practices observed in different countries, and the recip- rocal relations between these elements, in order" to deduce the laws which may serve as a guide to the farmers for the purpose of fixing the season for planting their cane. "• Being protected by the good climate, it appears that among the cul- tivators of sugar cane, in Porto Rico as in other countries, there is no fixed season for making the plantings, although in all parts there is a preferred period which practice has shown in each locality to be the best, submitting them thus by conviction to the law of relation between the character of the climate and the economic mission of the plant. "We state below what seasons are observed for the plantings of sugar cane in Porto Rico: "Large cultivations. — Second half of September, and all of Octo- ber, November, and December; first half of January. It is cut down in from 14 to IS months. "Smaller cultivation.*. — Second half of January, all of February and March, first half of April, being cut down in from 12 to 14 months. "Spring. — Second half of April, May, first half of June; 12 months. "Late spring. — First half of June, and all of July and August, first half of September; from 12 to 20 months. " In Porto Rico the general planting is that of large cultivation, but some farmers, either because they have hopes of the other plantings, because they have lands which are worked and irrigated, or because they have more than time and people enough, plant also the small cul- tivation and spring cultivation; on the other hand the late spring cultivation is hardly used by anyone/' REPRODUCTION OF SUGAR CANE. ' ' The sugar cane is not reproduced by seeds. Its flowers are sterile, and whatever may be the cause, we know that all attempts made to secure the fecundity of the flowers have been in vain, and the experi- ments we have personally made for the same purpose have had the same negative results. "There is no way of avoiding it. We are obliged to deprive our- selves of the advantages we would secure if fertile seeds could be obtained. "Sugar cane not having a natural reproduction, artificial propaga- tion must be used in its cultivation, by means of the germinating points located in every joint. CULTIVATION OF SUGAR CANE. 133 "The cane is cut into various stalks of 20 to 40 centimeters in length, having 1, 2, 3, or more germs. All the germs contained in the body of the cane may also be used for propagation, although in cultivation those situated at the base are thrown out. Near the joint of each one there grows a shoot, which is an exact reproduction or continuation of the mother plant. All the germs have a similar virtue and faculty and the same power to germinate. In the cane region the date of the opening of the germs varies; in fact, the entire body of the cane does not complete its development or reach its maturity at the same time in the same degree, and neither have all the germs been able to complete their development at the same time. Sugar cane, when it has reached maturity — that is, when it has arrived at the time for cutting — may be divided into two regions of different degrees of maturity and saccharine richness, the stem and the cane top, the latter being formed by the last three or four joints of the point of the same." PREPARATION OF THE GROUND. "We will not speak of virgin lands which require clearing, nor of those which require drainage, or which have never been subjected to cultivation and require careful preparation for their cultivation, which special information is included in treatises on general agriculture. "The preparation of the lands which interest us is that of the special lands for sugar cane, which takes place every time a planting is made or the cane field is renewed. " As the" lands devoted to sugar cane cultivation are generally plains, low and near the coast, etc. , and are generally moist and frequently flooded by the freshets of rivers, or irrigated by the rains, without the waters having a natural and rapid outlet, they require special drainage work, which constitutes the technical part of the preparation of these lands. ' ' If the lands are high and sloping, their preparation is much simpler, as they do not require draining. " No matter what may be the land to be prepared, if it has been abandoned for some time to spontaneous vegetation, the first work to be done is to cut down to the level of the ground with the machete all plants and weeds in the way of the plow. These plants, which are some- times heavy and abundant in view of the exuberant vegetation of the country where sweet sugar cane grows, are gathered at several points on the ground, and when dry are burned, the ashes being scat- tered over the same. "After the ground has been thus cleaned, it is divided by means of marks and pickets into square patches, which, when permitted by the topography and nature of the ground, must have an area of 100 square meters. These patches are separated from each other by means 134 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. of roads 4 meters wide, for the use of the wagons and other service of the plantation. "After the patches have been marked off, the ground is plowed over, where this can be done, to a depth permitted by the character of the ground; sometimes in very deep and loose ground, such as good meadow lands, a board plow is used of a large size, drawn by three yoke of oxen, which plows to a depth of 60 centimeters; at other times the ground only allows the use of a small plow which penetrates to a depth of 20 centimeters; a hard subsoil renders the work more difficult. "This first plowing is for the purpose of breaking the ground, and does not penetrate to a great depth, the hardness of the ground mak- ing it inadvisable. "After fifteen or twenty days have passed, if the weather does not prevent it, the ground is plowed for the second time to the same or to a greater depth than the first, and crossing it at right angles; and after another similar period, a third plowing takes place, the furrows being in an oblique direction to the last two, in order that the plow shall not pass twice through the same furrow. " After each plowing it is advisable to make use of an iron harrow. ' ' After the land has been cleaned, marked off, and plowed, the fur- rowing is begun, for which purpose, with a double plow and following the direction most convenient within the fields, furrows are made as deep as possible, parallel and at a distance of 3 meters from each other. If an ordinary plow is used, it will be necessary to go over the furrow twice in order that a pile of earth may be thrown to each side. "The purpose of these furrows is to drain the plantation. After- wards the laborers enter with rakes in order to prepare the banks, flat- tening out the ground taken from the furrows and even taking more from the same, thus placing the ground between the furrows higher and forming a bank on which planting is afterwards done in straight rows. The space between two lines of canes is called a street. "After the furrows and banks have been made, ditches are dug for the drainage of the land; these are larger than the furrows, the waters of which they receive, and are cut following the slope of the land. "In general, this is sufficient; but there are cases where it is advis- able to make larger furrows, the final receivers of the water from the furrows, and from the ditches. "It will be understood that after the land has been prepared, and in marking it off into lots, the direction of the furrows, ditches, etc., must be very carefully considered. "On high land, hilly, sloping, dry land, and on land where excessive moisture is not to be had, the work is simplified, the preparation being reduced to the clearing and plowing necessary, which do not require CULTIVATION OF SUGAR OANE. 135 the special and difficult work of drainage. When land subject to irri- gation is in question, the preparation is the ordinary and current one for all kinds of plantations. The topography of the land will show the system to be adopted, and the canals and irrigating ditches which go around the high portions of the land, by means of locks or other means, give the water to the cane, the planting of which may take up different forms. " Sometimes it becomes necessary to harmonize the drainage and irrigation of the plantation, which is very easily done by means of fur- rows, which conduct the water during the irrigation to the other furrows and ditches or banks. " The vegetation of sweet cane is so exuberant that it is sufficient to throw upon the ground a stalk containing knots having sufficient eyes or buds, for it to grow and produce as good a cane as the richness of the ground will permit. It will be understood that there is an infinite variety of ways of planting the cane, from simply throwing it upon the ground or adopting the latest methods suggested by science. " We show below the most ordinary and usual manner of planting the sugar cane in Porto Rico. " Spade planting, — Is adopted when the land is hard to work, or wnen it is sandy or compact, or when the soil is ver} T deep, and when replant- ings are made, and on dry, cleared land. "Holes or pits. — On ground having a deep soil, no irrigation, where the planting is to last several years, and where there are sufficient laborers. "On hanks. — On land having a shallow soil, with much moisture, no drainage; on plantations on a small scale, and where a sufficient number of workmen can be procured. " I will state here what each kind of planting of sugar cane consists of. SPADE PLANTING. " This planting requires a small removal of earth and consists in dig- ging rectangular holes of more or less depth, according to the moisture and thickness of the vegetable coat. "The holes are dug in straight lines and at equal distances from each other; in each hole two, three, or even four stalks are placed, which are laid at the bottom of the hole, or against one of the sides thereof, in an almost vertical position for the purpose of throwing off the humidity and for protection against the ravages of insects. The stalks are covered with a coat of earth of 1 inch thickness." PLANTING IN HOLES OR PITS. "After tne ground has been cleared and prepared with the furrows and ditches necessary, the places for the holes are indicated by means of pegs, and the laborers, with spades, each take one line, digging holes 136 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. which are generally square and of a depth varying between 15 and 30 centimeters, the greater depth being given to dry land or to land swept by winds. The workmen in digging the holes place the earth dug up at their feet near the edge of the hole, thus making small hills of from 35 to 40 centimeters in height. Sometimes this earth is thrown off to the right of the holes, making a continuous hill in the center of the street remaining between the holes. These hills receive the name of banks, which are very different, however, from those made between furrows and on which planting is done. ' ' In each hole between two and four cuttings are placed. The latter number in general is too high and is only used when, on account of the bad character of the cane which can be procured and the poverty of the ground, the ravages of insects are feared, or other causes which might destroy the shoots, by which the expense of replanting is avoided. "The cane stalks placed in the holes may be placed in different posi- tions; they may be laid down on the bottom or on the sides of the holes. In the first case they may be placed parallel to each other and at equal distances, or some parallel and others crossing the same, or leaning against the corners of the hole and allowing them to meet in the center of the bottom, or crossing the corners and leaving an open space in the bottom, etc. In the second case all the stalks are placed against the same side, or half on one side and half on the other, or, finally, one on each side. "Before placing the stalks in the hole, it is customary to throw some loose earth at the bottom to serve as a bed. After the stalks have been placed in position, they are covered with earth, taken from the hills adjacent thereto, but not more than 1 inch in thickness. "This is the general character of the planting done in Porto Rico, where the land is prepared in an excellent manner; but as it is never fertilized nor irrigated, the returns are very meager." PLANTING ON BANKS. "This kind of planting is convenient or advisable in the cases we have mentioned in the classification above, and consists in laying off the ground and raising banks over the ordinary level of the ground, taking ground from the furrows which are to separate the same. The planting is made on these banks, according to the rules mentioned, in such manner that each bank does not contain more than two lines of canes. "The manner of preparing the land is the same as we have mentioned in speaking of the preparation thereof, and is adopted in many plan- tations on a small scale, as when the cane is to be sold in towns for chewing or for the purpose of making beverages. "Afterwards the cane requires the following care: CULTIVATION OF SUGAR CANE. 137 REPLANTING. "Not all the stalks having germs which are placed in the ground give good results, sometimes on account of a mistake in the character of the planting adopted, or on account of the bad condition of the shoots, or of lack of humidity in the ground, which paralyzes the progress of the growth, or sometimes on account of an excessive degree of moisture which causes the roots to rot, and finally by reason of other accidents, such as the ravages of animals, insects, etc., to such an extent that there often remain in the plantation empty spaces without any cane whatsoever. "Whatever be the number of stalks or shoots lost, replanting is necessary, to what extent may be seen after the planting begins to spring up. "The stalks used in the replanting are to be of proper condition and have the germs perfectly developed, in order that they may soon germinate and reach the height of the preceding cane. Should there be a great difference between the development of one and the other, when the cutting period arrives, the cane will have a different state of maturity, reducing the degree of sugar. "For replanting, the spade system is generally used. Sometimes, but not very often, new holes have to be dug and the disposition of the ground changed, which will give rise to new expenses." WEEDING. "This operation consists in tearing out of the ground the weeds which grow in the plantation. "In cane countries spontaneous vegetation is excessive to such an extent that it constitutes the principal enemy of all cultivation, and if it is not frequently and tenaciously combatted, no cultivation of any kind would be possible in these countries. "Generally one month after the cane has sprung up the first weeding must be done, which is done with a hoe or spade, tearing up by the roots the weeds which exist between the lines or in the streets, and with the hands those growing between the cane. The first weeding is sometimes confined to this only, when there is not a sufficient personnel, or when other work is to be done on the plantation. "The weeds torn up by their roots are gathered together, and after the earth has been shaken from them they are placed on the hills of earth for the purpose of rotting and fertilizing the ground, or to serve as a bed for the cane when it develops and falls. "The weeding must be repeated at frequent intervals until the cane, when about five or six months old, has grown to a sufficient height to cross and for its foliage to cast a shadow on the ground, after which hardly any weeds grow and injure the cane. 138 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. "The number of weedings during this period must not be less than two or more than five, depending on the fecundity of the ground, the character of the climate, the previous condition of the land, the pre- paratory labors, and even the kind of fertilizer used. "Thus the rules for weeding are reduced to the following: "1. To extirpate the roots of weeds with a hoe or by hand, taking care not to injure the roots of the cane. "2. To deposit the weeds uprooted on the edges, hills, or banks, where they are not in the way and where they can serve as a bed for the cane. "3. To repeat the operation whenever there is an abundance of weeds covering the soil, or which injure the plantings." HILLING. "This is the operation of covering the foot of the plants with earth. "The sugar cane, the same as corn, tobacco, and many other plants of active vegetation, has the faculty of throwing out visible roots at the level of the ground. They appear to rise from the ground, and if they were not protected by cultivation their economical rendition would suffer to a high degree. "According to the class and form of planting adopted, the hilling is done before or after the same. In plantings with buds in the air the hilling must be done within thirty days after the shoots have sprung up; in deeper plantings it is done at a later period. "This operation is done from one to three times, according to circum- stances, because if the lack of earth at the foot of the cane is great, an excess thereof is injurious. Its object is to give a greater basis to the plant from which to derive nutrition; it favors the development of the shoots and prepares the bunch for the subsequent crops. ' ' This explains the necessity of hilling, which should not be very great, as several coats of earth would prevent the germs of the shoots at a certain depth from germinating on account of a lack of air or of. energy to surmount the obstacle, thus endangering the subsequent crops. "Therefore a little hilling is necessary and sufficient; too much is expensive and injurious for the future life of the cane field. " BREAKING OFF SUCKERS OR SHOOTS. "Cane planted under normal conditions is all the time producing shoots, and if this were permitted it is understood that when the cut- ting period arrives there would be cane of all kinds in the plantation, some ripe and others half ripe, and it would require a considerable expense to separate it. If not separated they would go together to the mill, and while the ripe cane would give a sirup heavily charged with sugar, the green cane would give it charged with glucose, thus giving together a sirup having a reduced amount of sugar, requiring more com- bustion to secure evaporation, and rendering less sugar. SUGAR MILL IN MANATI. CULTIVATION OF SUGAR CANE. 139 "Therefore, when the third or fourth weeding takes place, the shoots which have not reached the proper stage are torn out, especially those which it is known will not reach a mature state at the time for cutting, and which if left would deprive the principal plants of nutritious elements. This operation is done by hand, and a slight effort upward is sufficient to remove them." STRIPPING OFF LEAVES. "As the sugar cane grows and approaches maturity, its internodes develop in proportion, reaching such a stage that they shed the pro- tecting leaves that envelop them. ' ' The spontaneous shedding of leaves begins on the lowest internode, and continues ascending, in proportion as the plant reaches maturity, until the foliage is reduced to the cane top, which is also shed after blooming, when the plant dies, first in the economical order and then in the physiological. ' ' In stripping the leaves it may easily be ascertained when the opera- tion is to take place. A leaf which is still green does not detach itself easily and must not be touched until it is dry. "The first stripping takes place after four months, and from this time until the cutting the operation must be repeated two or three times. "The stripping must not be made during very warm weather and intense sun, because it somewhat dries the tender portions of the plants. "The stripping, besides avoiding the injuries which we have men- tioned and increasing the degree of sweetness of the juice of the cane, has also the object of retarding the blooming." CUTTING THE CANE. "The sugarcane has a critical moment of maturity which it is neces- sary to take advantage of for cutting. Maturity is reached when the cane blooms, or ceases to grow and develop. At this period the cane contains the largest amount possible of sugar. "The cane, before reaching maturity, in its green condition, has not had time fully to elaborate its juices — that is to say, to transform the glucose into sucrose — and the cutting, therefore, at this stage would be disastrous, because as much sugar would be lost as there is glucose in the cane, and furthermore rendering the operation of elaborating much more difficult. "On the other hand, if maturity is reached — a long period of time should be allowed to elapse — other evils would originate. Rains on ripe cane make it green again, as is the case with indigo and other indus- trial plants. The juice of the cane is reduced; the saccharine matter turns into glucose. In addition, the ripe cane has fulfilled its mission, and from this moment it begins to die. It leans over until it touches the ground, roots sprouting from the internodes which touch the 140 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. ground, and the respective germs develop shoots, all of them develop- ing at the expense of the juice of the cane — that is, from the saccharine, which diminishes and becomes transformed into glucose until it is exhausted. On the other hand, old cane becomes hard, increasing the cost of the cutting and rendering the operation of grinding much more difficult. From all this it may be seen that green cane, as well as over- ripe cane, can not well be used for industrial purposes. "The age of the cane and the condition of the weather determine the time for cutting; when these two factors do not concur with each other, the right moment has not arrived. "Cane ready for cutting changes color and becomes lighter; the leaves, excepting those of the cane top, are dry, the stalk becomes brilliant or shiny. The characteristic signs of the cane ready for cutting when once seen can never be mistaken. "I state below, according to the analysis made by M. Deitell at the agricultural station on Reunion Island, the composition of cane at the different stages of maturity: Age of cane in months. Per cent of crys- tallizable sugar. Per cent of not crystal- lizable sugar. 10 11.21 12.44 16.15 16.35 20.65 21.03 3.01 2.55 1.05 0.36 0.23 0.07 13 15 16 17 22 The following statement of cost of planting and caring for 1 cuerda of sugar cane from date of planting to time of cutting was prepared by Senor Badrena, supervisor of the department of Mayaguez: "When the soil is sandy and loose it will need — Plowing three times, cost $7. 50 Ditching 6. 00 Holes for planting the shoots, 2,500 to every ciienhi 5. 00 Cost of shoots, 7, 500 to every cuerda 9. 37 Planting the same 3. 12 Cleaning the ground from weeds four times during the growth 8. 00 Clearing the plant from dry leaves 2. 00 Total cost of 1 cuerda : Porto Rican currency $40. 99 United States currency 24. 59 "When the soil is hard it will need — Plowing four times, cost f 12. 00 Making the ditches 8. 75 Making the holes 7. 50 Planting the shoots 13. 12 m r ; f trjfp/fff^.--, ■■-■ •4*Jp*v^#''"' ' ''•Sk.-'/s. mk.Ai-1 _ ■■- nilTriififfflhffrn ii" ,M CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO. 141 "When the soil is hard it will need — Cleaning the ground from weeds $10. 00 Clearing the plant from dry leaves 2. 00 Total cost of 1 euerda: Porto Eican currency 53. 37 United States currency 31. 02 Cutting 1 euerda of cane costs $4=$2.40 United States currency. Average cost of manufacturing 1 hogshead of sugar, 10 pesos; equal to $6 United States currency. Net weight of 1 hogshead of sugar in shipping condition is 1,200 pounds. Tare that is usually deducted from gross weight of cask, 12 per cent. Loss of weight during transportation to ports of the United States by steamships, 6 per cent; by sail, 10 to 12 per cent. Cost of putting 1 hogshead on board ship, 25 cents, Porto Rico. Bonofication, usually paid to planters for lighterage from the plantation to market, $1, or $0. 60 United States currency, per cask." According to Fray Ifiigo Abbad and Col. George D. Flinter, of the general staff of the Spanish army, and for many years a resident of Porto Rico, the production of sugar in 1775 was 273,750 pounds; in 1803, 176,341 pounds; in 1810, 2,544,923 pounds; in 1828, 12,251,662 pounds, and in 1830, 31,514,388 pounds. According to Senor Coll y Toste, the production for and since 1850 was as follows, viz: Year. Quantity. Value. 1850 Pounds. 112,129,432 116,015,181 191, 649, 670 221, 220, 894 128,021,904 126,827,472 1132,000,000 Pesos. 3,910,167.38 3,480,455.33 5,749,492.10 3,016,948.55 3,782,465.50 4,007,992.08 1860 1870 1880 1890 1897 1899 1 Estimated. As in Cuba, the tendency is toward large plantations, with central mills for grinding. Comparatively few of the sugar estates are pro- vided with steam vacuum machinery for making sugar, and nearly one-half of the cane-grinding machines are worked by oxen. The hurricane of August 8, 1899, damaged the .sugar mills considerably, and the financial straits of the planters have made it impossible to restore the plants. Larger plantations or colonias, improved methods of cultivation, and central mills with improved machinery will in time no doubt add enormously to the output of sugar. TOBACCO. Report by Sefior Planella. "It may be said that the cultivation of tobacco prior to the year 1870 was limited in some parts of this island to small plantings for domestic consumption in cigarettes, cigars, and fine cut tobacco. 142 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF POKTO RICO, 1899. "In the year above mentioned exportation to Cuba commenced and tobacco growing received a great stimulus and development. "The increase of tobacco factories, which demanded a constant supply of leaf tobacco, suitable for being worked into cigars, had a tendency to increase the cultivation in those localities which were adapted to produce the most select product for the manufacturer. "The establishment of new factories has made the Porto Rican prod- uct known in the various markets of Europe and America. The demand and consumption stimulate the manufacturer to a regular production in those factories which employ the select stock raised in good localities. " It must be confessed, however, that up to the present time the cul- tivation of tobacco has not kept pace with the demand of the manufac- turer, who is obliged by the demands of his buyers to seek first-class stock which has the quality, flavor, style, and workmanship desired by the consumer. The cultivation of tobacco has responded to none of these demands, because the quality of the tobacco depends more on the land than the cultivation, which has not produced a marked improve- ment in the product. "A careful selection of seed has not been made, and to this fact is due the varieties of tobacco cultivated. The grower has given his atten- tion to the raising of plants that produce beautiful leaves that will look well in the market and that have good weight, the only qualities he looks for in order to obtain remuneration for his labor. At the present time, however, the manufacturer requires of the tobacco grower a product that will satisfy the demands of manufacture and also the demand for the product. This advancement in the industry calls for an advance in the cultivation which constitutes a specialty, and has produced among tobacco cultivators a real revolution, destroy- ing known methods in order to establish others which will produce qualities called for both by taste and manufacturing. It is not suffi- cient any more that the tobacco should have a good flavor and burn well. It must also have a light, clear color, a fine aroma, be elastic both in the leaf and intercostal spaces, which must also present a large surface. "The grower must have as a principal factor special land, rich in salts of potash, on which to grow the plant under the proper condi- tions, in order that the tobacco may acquire the aroma, a certain special flavor, richness of nicotine, which should not exceed 2 per cent, and good burning qualities; all these being essentials looked for by the manufacturer and demanded by the consumer. This is the reason why the regions recognized as producers of good tobacco are so appreciated. Cayey, for the quality of tobacco produced, is in Porto Rico, what Vuelta Abajo is in Cuba. "Several varieties of the nicotian plant are cultivated in the country — that called Guackaro, which is believed to be a native of CULTIVATION OP TOBACCO. 143 Venezuela, the Virginia ilanca, the Corazon de Vaca, the Cubano, and others. As yet the selection of the variety best suited for the pur- poses of the manufacturer has not been made. He prefers a leaf with color, elasticity, large intercostal spaces, and small ribs, which are the best for the manufacture of the different kinds of cigars which the consumer demands — essential qualities which oblige the maker to seek the locality productive of good tobacco, indeed the only selection that is now made. "The cultivation of tobacco presents three principal phases: First, the seed; second, the general cultivation in all its details; third, the cutting and curing of the leaf. "In order to obtain good seed, as a general rule forest land or that next to rivers is selected. When the land is properly prepared, the seed is irrigated from the 30th of August until the end of September, special attention being given to germination until the plant is suffi- ciently developed to be transplanted to the field where it is to be cultivated. " Some months before the seed is sown the land is prepared, the plow- ing being done in the months of June and July. If the ground is full of weeds, they are turned under, so that as they decay they may serve as a fertilizer. In August the ground is plowed again, and as a final preparation it is harrowed so as to be kept loose. The months of October, November, December, and January are the months in which tobacco is sown, October being the month in which it is most likely to secure good results, because the plants grow during the season of light showers. The hard rains of April injure many leaves. "Tobacco fields require careful cultivation and constant attention in order to overcome the many insects that attack the plant. The culti- vator must persecute them morning, noon, and night. "The tobacco grower, as the plant develops, separates the leaf from the plant, which should not be done until said plant is three months old. The leaves are cut off with the proper instrument in handfuls, which the laborer places on his arm, in order to deposit them with much care on wooden frames, and carries them -to the curing house, where they are placed with the proper spaces between them. " From 16,000 to 20,000 plants should be set out on each euerda of land. ' ' The leaves are cured in houses covered in such a manner that the air does not penetrate, and never the rays of the sun nor the rains. "When the leaf is cured it is taken from the curing house, and after cutting off a small piece of the stem attached it is put through the first 'sweat,' or, rather, a slight fermentation. "When the tobacco is sorted the leaves are united in bunches of 15 or 20, tied together at the base, and this bunch is known as a manilla. These manillas are then arranged according to classes, forming large 144 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. piles, so that they undergo the second fermentation, which should he watched and brought to an end at the proper time. Finally the mcmillas are packed in yaguas (palm bark), being in this form ready to be stored in the warehouses. "The tobacco leaves undergo three fermentations or sweatings in the months of April, June, and August. "There is much tobacco which, after undergoing the three fermen- tations, loses its strength and becomes in this manner of poor quality for the manufacture of cigars. In Latin America this is called facbano. "The manufacturer, jealous for the reputation of his factory, always keeps this fact in mind, and therefore it is necessary to have a good knowledge of the place of production and the importance which a good producing zone acquires. "The tobacco produced on the coast, in forests, and other places, not suited to be made into cigars, is employed in the manufacture of fine cut chewing tobacco. This is prepared in the following manner: A given number of leaves are twisted together, and to this twist is added another equal to the former, and this process is continued until a cord or rope some 80 yards long is produced, which is than rolled like thread on a spool, forming a roll a yard in diameter, covered with banana leaves. "In order to cut or thread the tobacco, it is moistened with salt water or an infusion of coffee, for the purpose of developing a sufficient quantity of nicotine and acquiring greater strength when it ferments. Many of these rolls are lost after the last sweat, which is in August, owing to the poor quality of the tobacco, which fact the merchant keeps in mind and buys with the proviso that he will pay 10 or more dollars a roll, if in August it should not spoil. After this date the roll is safe and the tobacco improves with age. "In conclusion, this plant, which gives no element of life to the human organism, is one of those most desired by mankind, and develops an industrial-agricultural movement of such importance that it gives employment to thousands of persons, forming an industry which rep- resents millions of dollars, in which skill and good taste unite in order that the cigar smoker may reduce their products to smoke and ashes, delighting his senses in a grateful and aromatic combustion." In remarking on the origin and production of tobacco in Porto Rico Senor Coll y Toste writes: "Our tobacco is an indigenous plant. The Government originally was opposed to smoking, and there exist two Papal bulls excommuni- cating any one using it. There exists also a royal ceektla of 1608, prohibiting the cultivation of tobacco in Porto Rico. In 1634 planting was resumed. According to statistics in 1770, the production of tobacco amounted to 83,651 arrobas, and, according to the report of Governor O'Reylly, in 1776 the production amounted only to 28,070 GATHERING OOCOANUTS. CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO. 145 arrobas. The planting of tobacco, which began to receive an impetus to such an extent that in 1836 it was exported from the island, after- wards diminished so that importation in large amounts became neces- sary to meet the local demand." Production. Year. Quantity. Value. 1850 Pounds. 2,973,308 2,557,448 5,950,322 12,188,517 3,977,987 6,255,953 Pesos. 118, 932. 32 95,010.77 238,012.88 831,035.45 589,465.37 1,194,318.30 1860 1870 1880 1890 1897 In this connection, Gen. G. W. Davis, Military Governor of Porto Rico, reports: "The year 1897 is the last for which statistics have been published. It is noticed as relevant that the records show that the value has remained about the same — i. e., from 19 to 21 centavos per pound, since 1892. ' 'As respects the quality or grade of tobacco there are several kinds, as in many other countries. The cheapest is known locally as baliche, which is only marketed in Europe, and is worth from 4 to 4J centavos per pound. The portion so graded is not more than one-fourth or one-third of the total crop. Of the remainder, about 1,000,000 pounds, more or less, is manufactured into cigars and cigarettes, and is con- sumed locally. The more valuable grades are known to the trade as ' filler and wrapper,' and the aggregate of this grade of a normal crop would reach quite 4,000,000 pounds. In 1897 all this grade of tobacco went to Cuba, and brought, on an aver- age, from 15 to 20 centavos per pound. But the prohibitive duty of $5 per pound on tobacco imported into that island has sealed the door to further business, and as there is no market for it in Europe, and taxes in the United States are all the way from 35 cents to $1.85, it results that there is no foreign market at all for the better grades. "When the Cuban tax went into effect last January the fact was at once known, and last spring not more than one-third of a normal crop was planted. Hence there is a comparatively small quantity now in store. This is the surplus of the last two crops, and may reach 1,500,000 pounds, but there are few buyers. Unless the United States or Cuban market is open to Porto Eico, this stock must remain stored until finally worked up here, and future planting must be diminished until supply and local demand adjust themselves. This means the cutting off of a source of revenue that has in the past brought to Porto Eico an annual income of from 500,000 to 1,250,000 pesos. ' ' Were the United States tax abated outright, the production would rapidly increase, and might in two or three years be expected to reach a total of $5,000,000, for with improved methods of culture and preparation for market it will bring much better prices." 8490—00 10 146 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF VORTO RICO, 1899. STOCK RAISING. Classed with agricultural industries is stock raising, an important and remunerative industry. Horses, mules, donkeys, cattle, sheep, goats, and hogs are raised, the number in 1897 being shown in the following table, prepared in the office of the civil secretary, viz: Cattle of all kinds. Number of head. Price per head. Total price. 67, 751 4,467 717 303,612 2,055 5,779 13,411 Pesos. 30 30 30 20 5 4 5 Pesos. 2,032,530 134,010 21, 510 6,072,240 10, 275 23,116 67, 055 Total 8,360,736 The following, from the same source, gives the total number of farms, plantations, etc. , together with their area, for the year 1897. The agricultural tables will show their present number and area when the census was taken: 60, 953 61,556 122,358 4,227 93,508 17,176 1,127,086 664,270 Coffee do .do do do.. . do Woodland and swam pa and barren Total do.... rln 2,090,181 ROADS, RAILROADS, AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. Among the great drawbacks to agriculture are the lack of roads and railroads and the inferior agricultural implements in use. With the exception of the military road between San Juan and Ponce, a branch from Cayey to Guayama, the road from Aguadilla to San Sebastian and from the port of Ponce to Adjuntas, there is not a good road in the island. 1 Even those in the immediate vicinity of the cities are in poor condition, and during the rainy season all of them, with the exceptions noted, are almost impassable for vehicles. The total length of all railroads is about 159 miles, all tracks being narrow-gauge, and the rolling stock, roadbeds, etc., very inferior. Facing this page a photograph of a collection of the agricultural implements in ordi- nary use may be seen. They are of the most primitive kind, and will, no doubt, soon be replaced by something better. Among other causes which have greatly retarded the agricultural 1 General Davis is giving this subject special attention, and has expended upward of $1,000,000 in the repair and construction of roads. THE AGRICULTURAL SCHEDULE". 147 development of Porto Rico, the hurricane must be given a prominent, and, it is feared, a permanent place. Between 1515 and 1899, eighteen hurricanes, more or less disastrous in their effects, have swept over the island. Against this peril the planter, the farmer, the stock raiser, and the rural poor have no possible protection. The last one, which visited the island August 8, 1899, was especially disastrous, the estimated loss, present and prospective, to the coffee industry alone being 25,000,000 pesos. A large number of people lost their lives, and 250,000 were thrown on the charity of the Government. For an account of this hurricane and, in fact, of the condition of the island in general, the reader is referred to the voluminous report of General Davis, to which reference has already been made. DISCUSSION OF THE AGRICULTURAL TABLES. [See Tables XXXVIII-XLIL] The following is a translation of the schedule used by the enumer- ators in gathering the agricultural data: Schedule No. 3.— Agricultural Statistics. Supervisor's district No. . Compiled by me on the day of 1. Name of farmer or owner. 2. Residence. 3. Color or race. Note. — State whether white, negro, mixed, Chinese. 4. Porto Rican or Spaniard. Note. — State whether Porto Rican, Spaniard, or citizenship in suspense, according to whether he has taken the oath; if this question relates to a foreigner and is therefore superfluous, write foreigner. 5. Does the farm or plantation belong to the person named or is it leased? 6. Area of the farm or plantation in caballerias and cordeles. Area under cultivation at the present time. Area uncultivated at the present time. 7. Approximate area under cultivation prior to 1895. 8. Wooded area. Character of woods, high or low. 9. Distribution of area under cultivation, according to crops: District of enumeration No. , 1899. Enumerator. Crops. Area in cabal- lerias. Crops. Area in cabal- lerias. Wax Bananas Cocoanut trees Coffee Pineapples Note. — Indicate on blank lines any other crops. 148 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. 10. Number of cattle on the hoof on the day of enumeration: Kind. Number. Value, in pesos. Kind. Number. Value, in pesos. Bulls Note. — Indicate on blank lines any other cattle on the hoof. 11. Number of grinders and evaporators on the plantation on this day: Mills, number. Output, in arrobas, of cane per day. Evaporating apparatus, number. Production, in sacks, per day. 12. Number and capacity of the stills on the plantation: Number. Capacity, in gallons, per day. Agriculture is the principal — indeed, almost the sole — occupation of the people of Porto Rico. This fact, which is so plainly shown in the tables of occupations, is further emphasized by the small proportion of urban population. The industries of trade, transportation, and manufactures are of almost trifling importance. In the census no attempt was made to obtain statistics of other branches of industry than agriculture, and the inquiries concerning that industry were pur- posely made as simple as possible, in the belief that it was better worth while to obtain, in fairly complete form, a few leading facts than to attempt with a probability of failure an exhaustive inquiry into the details of this industry. The inquiries were limited to those relating to areas of farms; to cultivated land and woodland; to the tenure of farms, with the race of the occupant; to the area cultivated in certain leading crops; to a few details regarding the production of sugar and coffee, and to the number and character of live stock. The questions were identical with those asked in Cuba. The results of the inquiries were in most respects more satisfactory than in the larger island, owing to a variety of conditions. The island had been in a state of profound peace under settled conditions. Owing to its comparatively dense population, land values were higher, and, consequently, the limits and areas of farms were better known. For the same reason there was little or no uncertainty as to the character of the tenure. There were practically no squatters in Porto Rico. Table XXXVIII presents for Porto Rico, for each of its seven depart- ments and for each municipal district, the number of farms, the area included within them, the cultivated area, and the area covered with timber. Throughout this and subsequent tables, and in great part in this discussion, the measure of area which will be used is the Porto Rican cuerda, which may be accepted as the equivalent of an acre. Of the total area of Porto Rico — 3,606 square miles — 2,743 square miles were included within farms. This is 76 per cent, or more than three- CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899. *' r* :°t-4 K \ t- — < vi w- ,5° ,--* 4Z ' A-i-.-H f \ ,'S £ \ » V\ ° & ,Z° ' io -- A , a ,'-.! |o !_v 1 , / * S° ■-- Sifr? W «5 '. v " V " "6-/'i Si 5—'i ,? ': svelte " I >a- i \ / g 1 ' V. 2 .' k r ;Ssg ', — ... f: '4- * : v -H-° -■ 1 1 2o (a 1m >1/E 41/ AGEIOULTUEAL STATISTICS. 149 fourths of the area of the island. The area under cultivation was 747 square miles, or not less than 21 per cent of the entire area of the island. These figures are in strong contrast with those for Cuba, of which 29.9 per cent only were included within farms, and only 3 per cent of the area of the island was under cultivation. They approach more nearly the condition of things in the United States, where in 1890, 16 per cent was under cultivation. Yet, considering the density of the rural population, which is far beyond that of any part of the United States, the proportion of cultivated land is small. To illus- trate this, consider the case of Illinois, in which the number of rural inhabitants to a square mile was in 1890 but 42, or less than one-fifth as great as in Porto Rico, while more than seven-tenths of its area was under cultivation. The total number of farms in Porto Rico was 39,021; the total area was 1,757,774 cuerdas; the average farm had an area of but i5 cuerdas, or acres; the cultivated land comprised 477,987 cuerdas, an average to a farm of only 12 cuerdas. In the United States in 1890 the average farm contained 137 acres, of which 78 acres were improved. In Cuba the average farm had an area of 142 acres, of which, however, only about 13 acres were under cultivation. The following table gives for each of the seven departments of the island the total area, the cultivated area, the proportion cultivated, the average size of the farm, and the average number of cuerdas under cultivation: PORTO EICO. Department. Total area. Cultivated area. Proportion cultivated. Average size of farm. Average amount cultivated. Sq. miles. 240 621 542 561 329 395 821 Sq. miles. 83 158 68 78 49 123 183 Per cent. 36 25 13 14 15 31 22 Cuerdas. 28 50 45 57 33 36 53 Citerdas. 9 15 8 13 10 13 17 Guayama Total '. 3,606 747 21 45 12 From the above table it appears that there was considerable range among the different departments in the proportional area under culti- vation, this being least in Bayamon and largest in Aguadilla, the western departments having the largest proportion of land under cultivation. The average size of farms ranged from 28 cuerdas in Aguadilla to 57 in Guayama, the departments having the largest proportional area under cultivation having, as a rule, the smallest farms. The distribution of cultivated land is shown upon the map opposite this page. The municipal district has been used as the unit of com- putation and coloring. The map shows that the western part of the 150 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. island was in a much higher state of cultivation than the eastern part, the largest proportion being found at the west end and in the interior of the western half, while the north and south coast strips were less highly cultivated. FARM TENURE BY RACE. Table XXXIX shows for Porto Rico and the several departments the number of farms, classified bjr the race of their occupants and the character of the holdings, whether owned or rented, while the fifth column comprises all classes of mixed occupancy. Each of the above groups is furthermore classified by the size of the cultivated areas of the farms. Table XL gives the cultivated areas of farms, classified in a similar manner. From the first of these tables, which classifies the number of farms by tenure and race, it appears that 71 per cent of all farms were owned by whites and 22 per cent were owned by colored, making a total of 93 per cent of the farms of Porto Rico owned by their occupants. Five per cent were rented by whites and 1 per cent by colored, the remainder being mixed tenure. This proportion of owned farms is unusually large. In the United States in 1890 only 72 per cent of the farms were owned, and in but few states was the pro- portion of owned farms as large as in Porto Rico. The proportion was not only large in the island as a whole, but also in every one of the departments. The following table shows the percentage of farms owned and rented bj r their occupants in the several departments: Department. Aguadilla Arecibo . . Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Farms Farms owned. rented. Per cent. Per cent. 92 8 97 3 89 11 85 15 70 SO 93 7 96 4 As is seen, the lowest percentage of owned farms was in Humacao, where the proportion of colored was the greatest, but even here seven- tenths of the farms were owned by their occupants. The proportion ranged up from this to 97 per cent, or practically all the farms, in Arecibo, on the northern coast, -while in Ponce, Mayaguez, and Agua- dilla, also, more than nine-tenths of the farms were owned by their occupants. The proportion of ownership was least in the eastern part of the island and greatest in the western part. From Table XL it appears that 82 per cent of the cultivated area of Porto Rico was owned by whites, and 7 per cent was rented by whites; 9 per cent was owned by colored, and 1 per cent rented by AGRICULTUKAL STATISTICS. 151 colored; while the areas which could not be thrown into either of these classes comprised only 1 per cent. Hence, it appears that not less than 91 per cent of the cultivated area of the island was occupied by its owners, and only 8 per cent was rented. These proportions are in strong contrast with those of Cuba, where only 43.5 per cent were owned and 52.4 per cent rented. This general ownership of farms, however brought about, has unquestionably had a great influence in producing the contented condition of the people of this island as con- trasted with the restlessness of the Cubans. Classifying the occupancy by race, it is seen that 89 per cent of the cultivated area was occupied by whites and only 10 per cent by col- ored, showing that, as in Cuba, the whites occupied a much larger proportion of the cultivated land than would have been expected from their relative number. It follows from this that the average area of the cultivated farm occupied by whites was greater than that occupied by the colored. That this is true is seen from the following: Average area. White owners 14 White renters 17 Colored owners 5 Colored renters _ 6 Others 17 The following table shows, by percentages, the proportional area in each class of farms: Race and tenure. 0-4 cuerdas. 5-9 cuerdas. 10-19 cuerdas. 20-49 cuerdas. 50-99 cuerdas. 100 + cuerdas. Total. White owners White renters Colored owners . . . Colored renters . . . 9 7 28 29 8 9 8 20 22 8 12 10 18 16 7 18 17 18 20 16 14 16 9 10 10 38 42 7 3 51 100 100 100 100 100 It is seen that in the case of white occupants the areas increase with the size of farms, while with colored occupants the reverse is the case. The following table shows, by percentages, the leading facts regard- ing the tenure of farms and the race of occupants for the different departments of the island: Proportional areas under different hinds of tenure. PORTO RICO, Department. Aguadilla . Arecibo Bayamon. . Guayama. . Humacao.. Mayaguez . Ponce Total . White White Colored Colored owners, renters, owners, renters. Per cent. 87 89 70 86 85 82 Per cent. 6 2 16 16 14 4 5 12 14 14 Per cent. 1 Per cent. Total. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 152 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE PORTO RICO, 1899. It is seen that the areas owned by whites ranged from 65 per cent of all cultivated land in Guayama up to 89 per cent in Arecibo; that the largest holdings by the colored were in the eastern departments and the smallest holdings in the western; that the holdings of the whites ranged in the different departments from 81 to 93 per cent of all the cultivated area in the departments, while the holdings of the colored ranged from 7 up to 16 per cent. FARM PRODUCTS. The only measure of agricultural products which was obtained by the census consisted in the area cultivated in each crop. Measured in this way, the following table shows the relative importance of each such crop, expressed in percentages of the total area of cultivated land: Per cent. Coffee 41 Sugar cane 15 Bananas 14 Sweet potatoes 8 Indian corn 4 Malangas 2 Rice 2 Cocoanuts 1 Tobacco 1 From the above it is seen that coffee is much the most important crop of the island; that sugar cane is of much less relative importance than in Cuba, and that tobacco, which is one of the leading crops of Cuba, is here of trifling importance. To illustrate the tenure of land under different crops and the race of the occupant, the following table is presented, showing, for different tenures and races in percentages, the proportion which was planted in each of the different crops above enumerated: Crop. Tobacco Sugar cane Rice Sweet potatoes . Malangas Yams Bananas Cocoanuts Coffee Indian corn. ... White owners. IB 1 47 4 White renters. 47 2 8 2 4 8 1 18 4 Colored owners. 1 2 3 15 5 8 17 13 31 5 Colored renters. 4 1 13 3 22 6 Others. 1 31 1 5 1 11 2 34 2 It is seen from the above table that of the cultivated area owned by whites 47 per cent, or nearly one-half, was planted in coffee. Bananas occupied 15 per cent, and sugar cane 14 per cent. Of the area rented by whites, on the contrary, 47 per cent was planted in sugar cane and but IS per cent in coffee. This distribution of crops among the areas owned by negroes was wider, coffee occupying nearly one-third of the CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1898 . HID A 1 f> i--'V ,J /■? * S' o' °o % " "■ ;* O °£w 31 <- . m t I f" ;>o - m O i° O ^1 8 .-J! " AGKICULTUKAL STATISTICS. 153 area, while sugar cane, the second most important crop in the island, occupied only 2 per cent. Among colored renters the areas were also widely scattered. The following table shows the proportion of the cultivated land in each department which was planted with each of these crops, and thus shows the relative importance in the various departments of the several crops. In Mayaguez more than half and in Arecibo half the cultivated area was planted in coffee; in Aguadilla and Ponce 43 per cent, and in Guayama 38 per cent; sugar cane occupied more than one-half of the cultivated area of Humacao, and more than one-fourth that of Bayamon. In these two departments, and these only, sugar was of greater impor- tance than coffee. Crop. Agua- dilla. Arecibo. Baya- mon. Guay- ama. Huma- cao. Maya- guez. Ponce. 1 6 1 11 2 1 13 2 43 4 1 5 1 8 2 1 22 1 50 3 4 16 3 13 6 2 53 2 10 6 1 12 2 3 1 1 15 2 2 3 27 4 16 2 1 10 4 20 3 Sweet potatoes Bananas 11 6 1 9 1 12 2 54 6 16 12 43 4 Coffee 38 3 Indian corn COFFEE. Of the total cultivated ai'ea of Porto Rico 41 per cent was planted in coffee, a statement which at once shows the importance of this crop to the island. Of the entire area planted not less than 91 per cent was occupied by whites and only 7 per cent by colored, the remaining 2 per cent being in unknown occupancy. Of the lands occupied by whites nearly all, or not less than 88 per cent of all the cultivated land, was owned by whites, and of that occupied by colored practically all was owned by colored. This high degree of ownership is doubtless due to the fact that lands cultivated in coffee must remain in one owner- ship for a long time. The number of coffee plantations was 21,693, and the entire area planted 197,031 cuerdas, an average of only 9 cuerdas per plantation. The average size of the coffee plantation owned or occupied by the two races was as follows: Cuerdas. White owners 10 White renters 7 Colored owners 3 Colored renters - 3 Others 11 154 REPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899 The average area of coffee plantations in the several departments of the island was as follows: Cuerdais. Aguadilla 7 Arecibo 11 Bayamon 4 Guayama - 7 Humacao - - 4 Mayaguez 11 Ponce 11 The distribution of coffee planting in the island is shown on the map opposite page 153. It is seen from this that coffee planting was most important in the western and in the interior parts of the island, mainly away from the coast, the hillsides of this region forming the most valuable coffee land. SUGAR. Sugar is, in Porto Rico, a crop of secondary importance. There were 2,336 plantations, comprising 73,132 cuerdas, or an average of 31 cuerdas to a plantation. The departments differed in importance in the production of sugar, as follows: Department. Aguadilla . Arecibo Bayamon.. Guayama. . Humacao.. Mayaguez . Ponce Number of planta- tions. 650 290 429 149 166 611 150 Cuerdas. 3,453 5,625 11,598 8,310 16,743 9,138 17, 265 Area per planta- tion. Cuerdas. 6 19 27 56 107 15 115 As is shown by the above table, and also by the accompanying map, opposite this page, the production of sugar was carried on mainly in the neighborhood of the coast, and particularly in the eastern and southeastern parts of the island, Ponce and Humacao being the depart- ments of most importance in this regard. The following table shows the distribution of sugar growing by race of the planter and by tenure of the plantation: Race and tenure. Number. Area. Average area. Percent- age of to- tal area. 1,691 269 300 37 39 Cuerdas. 63,758 14, 824 939 341 2,284 Cuerdas. 32 55 3 9 58 75 21 1 3 As is seen from the above table, sugar was produced almost entirely by whites, since 96 per cent of all the area was either owned or rented by them, and only 1 per cent by colored, and three-fourths of all the CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899 . AGBICULTUBAL STATISTICS. 155 area was owned by white planters. In the average area of the sugar plantations there were also striking differences. The largest planta- tions were those rented by whites, and the next largest were owned by whites, while those occupied by the colored were relatively very small. Sugar mills and distilleries. — The cultivation of sugar cane and the production of sugar, molasses, and rum were, in Porto Rico, industries of far less relative importance than in Cuba. As has been shown, the area under cultivation in cane was much less. The number of mills and distilleries is given by departments in the following table, together with their average capacity, that of sugar mills in arrobas (25 pounds each) of cane per day, and that of stills in gallons of rum per day. Sugar mills and distilleries. Department. Number of sugar mills. Capacity in arrobas of cane. Average capacity. Number of stills. Capacity in gallons. Average capacity. 55 33 61 32 32 100 32 Per day. 45,085 69,835 172, 370 134, 766 269, 589 161,255 133, 607 Per day. 819 2,116 3,171 4,211 8,424 1,612 4,175 34 27 26 22 23 42 31 Per day. 2,475 2,864 3,063 2,987 3,635 3,236 3,436 Per day. 72 106 117 135 158 77 no Total 345 986,507 2,858 205 21, 696 106 Comparison of this table with the corresponding one for Cuba shows that the number of mills was greater in Porto Rico than in Cuba — 345 to 207. Their collective capacity, however, was but little more than one-tenth as much, and their average capacity was little more than one- fifteenth that of the Cuban centrals. The crushing of cane and manu- facture of sugar and molasses were carried on in Porto Rico in a retail way in small mills. Their product is commonly coarse brown sugar and molasses. With distilleries the case is the same. The number was nearly two and one-half times as great as in Cuba, but their capacity was little more than one-eighth, and their average capacity per distillery only about one-twentieth. TABLES OF POPULATION. Table I. — Population by departments. Department. Total popu- lation. Porto Rico Aguadilla Arecibo... Bayamon. Guayama. Humacao. Mayaguez Ponce 953,243 99,645 162,308 160,046 111,986 88,501 127,566' 203,191 Table II. — Population by municipal districts. Aguadilla department 99, 645 Aguada 10, 581 Aguadilla 17, 830 Isabela 14,888 Lares 20,883 Moca 12,410 Rincon 6, 641 San Sebastian 16, 412 Arecibo department 162, 308 Arecibo 36,910 Barceloneta 9, 357 Camuy 10,887 Ciales 18,115 Hatillo 10, 449 Manati 13,989 Morovis 11,309 Quebradillas 7,432 Utuado 43,860 Bayamon department 160, 046 Bayamon 19, 940 Carolina 11, 965 Corozal 11, 508 Dorado 3, 804 Loiza 12, 522 Naranjito 8, 101 Rio Grande 12, 365 Rio Piedras 13, 760 San Juan 32, 048 Toa Alta 7, 908 ToaBaja 4,030 Trajlllo Alto 5,683 VegaAlta 6,107 Vega Baja 10, 305 Guayama department Ill, 986 Aguas Buenas 7, 977 Arroyo 4, 867 Caguas 19, 857 Cayey 14, 442 156 Guayama department — Continued. Cidra 7,552 Comerio 8, 249 Guayama 12, 749 Gurabo 8,700 Juncos 8, 429 Salinas 6, 731 San Lorenzo 13,433 Humacao department 88,501 Fajardo 16, 782 Humacao 14, 313 Maunabo 6,221 Naguabo 10, 873 Patillas 11,163 Piedras 8, 602 Vieques 6, 642 Yabucoa 13, 905 Mayaguez department 127,'566 Afiasco 13, 311 CaboRojo 16,154 Hormigueros 3,215 Lajas 8,789 Las Marias 11,279 Maricao 8, 312 Mayaguez 35,700 Sabana Grande 10,560 San German 20,246 Ponce departmen t 203, 191 Adjuntas 19,484 Aibonito 8,596 Barranquitas 8, 103 Barros 14,845 Coamo 15,144 Guayanilla 9,540 Juana Diaz 27,896 Pefluelas 12,129 Ponce 55,477 Santalsabel 4,858 Yauco 27,119 CENSUS OF PORTO RICO 1899. PORTO RICO RELATIVE AREAS CULTIVATED IN PRINCIPAL CROPS A.Hoenfi Co.BaH.uL.Lh POPULATION BY DISTRICTS. 157 Table III. — Total population by wards. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. Total population 99, 645 Aguada district 10, 581 Atalaya and Jaguey 1, 195 Carrizal and Espinal 1, 010 Cerro Gordo 843 Cruces, Guayabo, and Rio Grande 1, 633 Lagunas 753 Mai-paso and Guanabanas 723 Mamey 558 Marias 746 Naranjo 923 Piedras Blancas and Asomante 1, 162 Rosario, California, and Guanaguilla. 1, 135 Aguadilla district ....• 17,830 Aguacate and Arenales 991 Barrio Nuero 1, 537 Borinquen 1, 271 Caimital bajo 943 Camaseyes 1, 633 Ceiba alta and Ceib'a baja 1, 033 Corrales and Caimital alto 1, 158 Guerrero 638 Iglesia and Higuey 1, 756 Malesas alta 784 Malesas baja 905 Montana 633 Palmar 700 Santa Barbara 1, 502 Tamarindc 1, 630 Victoria 716 Isabela district 14, 888 Arenales altos 1, 559 Arenales bajos 833 Baiura 647 Bejucos 1, 257 Coto 1,349 Galateo alto 1, 063 Galateo bajo 705 Gnayabos 818 Guerrero 753 Jobos 1, 551 Llanadas 1, 664 Mora 972 Planas 936 Pueblo 881 Lares district 20,883 Bartolo 2,035 Buenos- Aires 1, 449 Lares district— Continued. Callejones 2, 152 Espino 1, 148 Lares 1, 954 Latorre 2, 008 Mirasol 1,027 Pezuela 1, 010 Piletas 2,455 Poblacion 2, 264 Pueblo 1,460 RioPrieto 1,931 Moca district 12, 410 Aceituna 1, 067 Capa 898 Centre 601 Cerro Gordo 1, 00S Cruz 954 Cuchilla 1, 552 Maria 1, 062 Naranjo 966 Plata 663 Pueblo 1,470 Rocha 902 Voladoras 1, 267 Rincon district 6, 641 Barrero and Atalaya 1, 157 Calvache 708 Cruz 770 Ensenada 674 Jaguey 576 Pueblo 1,074 Puntas 1,006 Rio Grande 676 San Sebastian district 16, 412 Aibonito 993 Altosano and Sonador 862 Calabazas 746 Guacio 562 Guajataca and Cibao 1, 169 Guatemala and Bahomamey 1, 126 Hato arriba 663 Hoya mala 1, 215 Juncal 761 Magos and Enea 1, 003 Mirabeles 404 Perchas No. 1 and 2 1, 429 Piedras Blancas and Cidrae 1, 125 Pozas and Culebrinas 1, 008 Robles and Salto 1,646 TJrrejola and Norzagaray 1, 700 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. Total population 162, 308 Arecibo district 36, 910 Arecibo City 8, 008 Arenalejos 1, 228 Arrozal 1, 662 Cambalache 470 Carrera 676 Domingo Ruiz 931 Dominguito 1, 093 Esperanza 2, 843 Factor 1,072 Garrochales 950 Hato abajo 1, 869 Hato arriba 1, 751 Hato yiejo 2, 588 Mote 2,498 Miraflores 1, 416 Rio arriba 1, 709 Sabana Hoyos 3, 668 Bantana 1, 655 Tanama 1 023 Barceloneta district 9, 357 Barcelonete 1, 459 Florida adentro 2,002 Florida afuera 3, 579 Garrochales 1, 058 Palmasaltas 1,259 Camuy district 10,887 Abrahonda 1,420 Camuy arriba 774 Camuy ■ 989 Cienega 711 Cibao 696 Membrillo 769 PiedraGorda 895 Puente 718 Puertos 419 Quebrada 1, 213 Santiago 657 Yeguada 794 Zanja 833 158 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table III. — Total population by wards — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO— Continued. Ciales district 18, 115 Ciales 1, 356 Cialitos 2, 622 Cordillera 1,425 Fronton 3, 706 Hato Viejo 1,800 Jagua 1, 264 Pesa 994 Pozas 2, 796 Toro Negro 2, 252 Hatillo district 10,449 Aibonito 1, 606 Bayaney 1, 394 Capaez 1, 016 Carrizales 969 Corcovada 1, 065 Hatillo 676 Naranjito 966 Pajuil 130 Pueblo 669 Yeguadilla occidental 963 Yeguadilla oriental 995 Manati district 13, 989 Bajura adentra 881 Bajura afuera 739 Coto 2,110 Manati City 4, 494 Rio arriba Poniente 1, 862 Rio arriba Saliente 1, 593 Tierras nuevas Poniente 1, 534 Tierras nuevas Saliente 776 Morovis district 11, 309 Barahona 854 Cuchilla 716 Franquez 695 Monte Llano 466 Morovis Norte 821 Morovis Sur 487 Morovis 1, 064 Morovis district — Continued. Pasto 1,314 Percha 1,124 Rio Grande §41 San Lorenzo, 884 Torrecilla 572 Unibon 643 Vaga 828 Quebradillas district 77432 Cacaoa 1, 066 Charcas 330 Cocos 978 Guajataca 666 Quebradillas 1,166 San Antonio 1,760 San Jose 687 Terranova 779 Utuado district 43,860 Angeles 2,456 Arenas 1, 577 Caguana .' 2,555 Caniaco 631 Caonillas 2,378 Consejo 929 Don Alonso 1, 610 Guaonico 771 Jayuya abaio 3, 597 Jayuya arriba 5,700 Limon 857 Mameyes 4, 268 Palmas, Las 647 Paso Palma 1, 317 RioAbajo 1,235 Roncador 1, 130 Sabana Grande 1, 053 Salto abaio 836 Salto arriba 855 Santa Isabel 875 Santa Rosa 793 Tetuan 1,678 Utuado City 3, 619 Vivi abajo 1,253 Vivi arriba 1, 240 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Total population 160, 046 Bayamon district 19, 940 Buena Vista 1, 028 Camarones 620 Catafio 2,331 Cerro Gordo 845 Dajaos 851 Guaraguaos abaio 837 Guaraguaos arriba 681 Guaraguaos de Guaynabo 763 Guaynabo 465 HatoTeja 1,358 Juan Sanchez 926 Minillas 1,000 Nuevo 1, 123 Paiaros 1, 492 Palmas 406 Pueblo 2, 218 Pueblo Viejo 480 Santa Olaya 1, 100 Santa Rosa 687 Sonadora 729 Carolina district 11, 965 Borrasa alto 889 Borrasa bajo 764 Cacao 1, 225 Cangrejos 367 Canovanillas 950 Carruzos 637 Carolina district — Continued. Cedros 724 Hoyo-Mulas 1,245 Martin Gonzalez 708 Pueblo 2, 177 Sabana abaja 578 San Antonio 615 Santa Cruz 435 Trujillo bajo 651 Corozal district 11,508 Abras 1,183 Cibuco 1,096 Cuehillas 685 DosBoeas ' 909 Magueyes 849 Maria 1, 133 Negros 818 Padilla 840 Palmarejo 901 Palmarito 770 PalosBlancos 1,367 Pueblo 1,057 Dorado district 8,804 Espinosa 737 Higuillar 820 Maguayo "64 Mameyal l®$ Pueblo 937 Rio Lajas *" POPULATION BY WARDS. 159 Table III. — Total population by wards — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Loiza district 12, 622 Canovanaa 1, 942 Cubeu 1,225 Hato-Puerco 3, 139 Lomas 1, 614 Mediania 2, 296 Pueblo 833 Torrecillas 1, 473 Naranjito district 8, 101 Achiote 1, 094 Anones 1, 420 Cedro abaio 977 Cedro arriba 916 Guadiana 1, 006 Loina 994 Nueyo 1, 081 Pueblo 614 Rio Grande district 12, 365 Cienega 1,610 Guzman abaio 1, 378 Guzman arriba 1, 047 HatoViejo 473 Herrera 221 Jimenez 1, 773 Mameyes 2, 070 Mata de Platano 717 Pueblo 1, 285 Sabana 600 Zarzal 1,191 Rio Piedras district 13, 760 Caimito alto 779 Caimito bajo 927 Cupey 1,834 Frailes 662- HatoNuevo 683 HatoRey 1,324 Mamey 636 Monacillo 1, 295 Pueblo 2,249 Quebrada Arenas 716 Rio 651 Sabana Liana 1, 644 Tortugo 460 San Juan district 32, 048 Ballaja 1,217 Caleta 3,307 Catedral 2,497 Marina 2, 144 Mercado 2,038 Puerta de Tierra 5, 453 San Juan district— Continued. San Cristobal 3, 131 San Francisco 1, 177 Santurce 5, 840 Teatro 2, 592 Institutions 2, 652 Toa Alta district 7, 908 Contorno 653 Galatea 606 Mucarabonaz 954 Ortiz 948 Pinas 841 Pueblo 991 Quebrada Arenas 777 Quebrada Cruz 1, 165 Rio Lajas 973 Toa Baja district 4, 030 Candelaria 1, 395 Media Luna 598 Pueblo 1, 300 Sabana Seca 737 Trujillo Alto district 5, 683 Carraiza 1, 159 Cuevas 688 Dos Bocas 369 Pueblo 1,025 Quebrada Grande 955 Quebrada Infierno 1, 487 Vega Alta district 6, 107 Bajura 749 Candelaria 863 Espinosa 781 Maricao 741 Novillo 982 Pueblo 1, 081 Sabana 910 Vega Baja district 10, 305 Algarrobo 877 Almirante Norte : 902 Almirante Sur 847 Cabo Caribe 277 Ceiba 469 Cibuco 310 Pueblo 2,288 Puerto Nuevo 706 Pugnado Adentro 425 Pugnado Afuera 1, 336 Quebrada Arenas 348 Rio arriba and Rio abajo 1, 092 Yeguada 428 DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. .. 111,986 .... 19,857 . . 7, 977 868 1,099 765 856 1,029 752 1,309 1,183 984 3, 870 Canaboncito .... 1,309 Bayamoncito Caguitas 1, 100 .... 5,450 . . . . 1, 336 Mulita Pueblo - 887 .... 1,605 .... 1,575 .... 1,557 4,867 596 .... 14,442 853 .... 1,047 Pueblo .... 1,246 961 Pedro Avila and Pasto viejo 886 160 BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OP POETO EICO, 1899. Table III. — Total population by wards — Continued. DEPARTMENT .OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Cayey district— Continued. Piedra and Maton abajo 965 Pueblo 3,763 Quebrada arriba, Culebras bajo, and Culebras alto 914 Rincon and Monte Llano 1, 374 Toita and Maton arriba . . . .' 1, 390 Vega, Farallon, and Cedro 1, 043 Cidra district 7„ 652 Bayamon and Monte Llano 1, 222 Beatriz and Arenas 997 Ceiba and Rio abajo 1, 100 Hondura and Toita 800 Pueblo 1,034 Rabanal and Salto 1, 498 Sur and Rincon 901 Comerio district 8, 249 Cedrito and Cejas 1, 158 Dona Elena 1, 460 Palomas 1,091 PiflasandVega 1,373 Pueblo 1,191 Naranjo 815 RioHondo 1,161 Guayama district 12, 749 Caimital 603 Carite 834 Carmen 784 Guamani 1, 360 Jobos 1,186 Machete 368 Palmas 1,200 Pozo-Hondo and Algarrobo 1,080 Pueblo 5,334 Gurabo district 8, 700 Celada 964 HatoNuevo 1,361 Jagua 868 Jagual and Masas 1, 270 Mamey 680 Pueblo 1, 309 Quebrada Infierno and Navarro 1, 093 Rincon 1, 165 Juncos district 8,429 Ceiba Norte and Ceiba Sur 1, 408 Gurabo arriba and Caimito 1, 295 Lirios 815 Mamey and Gurabo abajo 1, 679 Pueblo 2, 026 Valenciano abajo and Valenciano arriba 1,206 Salinas district 5, 731 Aguirre 1, 291 Lapa 1, 019 Palma and Quebrada Yeguas 981 Pueblo 1,192 Rio Jueyes 1, 248 San Lorenzo district 13,433 Cerro Gordo 1,452 Espino 1, 522 Florida 807 Hato 1,028 Jagual 1, 024 Pueblo 2,084 Quebrada 1, 193 Quebrada Arena 1, 452 Quebrada Honda 1, 616 Quemado 1, 255 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Total population 88, 501 Fajardo district 16,782 Cabezas and Demajagua 1,168 Ceiba and Machose 1,214 Chupacallos and Saco 1, 109 Fajardo 3, 414 Florencio and Quebrada Vuelta 1, 289 Juan Martinez and Sabana 1, 029 Pitahaya 1,103 Foblado de Luquillo 903 Quebrada Fajardo 888 Quebrada Seca and Guayacan 820 Rio abajo 1, 021 Rio abaio and Daguao 1, 099 Rio arriba 726 Sardinera and Naranjo 999 Humacao district 14, 313 Anton Ruiz 987 Buena Vista 985 Candelero abajo 972 Candelero arriba 811 Catafio and Mabu 1, 179 Collores 1,016 Mambiche andRio abajo 1, 289 Marianao 1, 296 Playa 646 San Juan 1, 169 Santiago and San Francisco 1, 754 Santo Domingo 1, 505 Tejas 704 Maunabo district 6, 221 Calzada and Lizas 1, 233 Emajagua 828 Maunabo district — Continued. Matuyas bajo and alto 941 Palo-seco 802 Pueblo 1,277 Quebrada Arenas and Talante 1,140 Naguabo district 10, 873 Daguao 756 Duque 1,238 Hucares 826 Maizales 1, 060 Mariana 1,280 Pefia-pobre 1, 064 Pueblo 1,812 Rio Blanco abajo 976 Rio Blanco arriba 959 Santiago Luna and Rio 902 Patillas district 11,163 Bajo and Jacaboa 1,198 Cacao alto and Jagual 1,018 Cacao bajo and Quebrada arriba 928 Guardarraya 1, 013 Mamey and Apeadero 1> ™ Maton and Guayabote 1,189 Mulas 823 Pueblo 1,590 Rio Arriba 1.080 Rios and Polios l.t"" Piedras district 8,602 Colores and Boqueron 1, 528 Montones abajo j>™ Montones arriba 937 Pueblo and Quebrada Arenas }> J" Rio abajo I. 122 POPULATION BY WARDS. 161 Table III. — Total population by wards — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO— Continued. Piedras district— Continued. Rio arriba 1, 028 Tejas alto 948 Vegas abajo 691 Vieques district 6, 642 Culebra Island 704 Mosquito and Llave 1,069 Pueblo and Florida 2, 646 Puerto Real abajo 636 Puerto Real arriba 708 Punta Arenas, Puerto Ferro, and Puerto Diablo 879 Yabucoa district 13, 905 Aguacate 1, 374 Calabazas ^ 1, 891 Camino Nuevo 1, 435 Guayabota 904 Guayanes 801 Jacana 1, 101 Juan Martin 1, 473 Limones 1, 139 Playa 1,016 Pueblo 1,838 Teja 933 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Total population 127, 666 Afiasco district (Mayaguez) 13, 311 Afiasco arriba and Afiasco abajo 1,027 Caguabo and Playa 1, 156 Cercado, Rio-ariba, and Casey-abajo. - 1, 019 Cerro-gordo and Corcovado 1, 159 Cuarteles primero and tercero 1, 149 Cuarteles segundo and cuarto 1, 334 Dagueyand Humatas 938 Espino, Cidra, and Carreras 1, 281 Hatillo and Caraeol 1, 030 Marias and Quebrada Larga 923 Ovejas, Casey arriba, and Rio Caflas . . 1, 257 Piflales 1,038 Cabo Rojo district 16, 154 Bajura 1, 218 Boqueron 1, 186 Guanajibo 1, 074 Llanos Costa 867 Llanos Tuna 2,976 Miradero 2,011 Monte Grande 2,019 Pedernales 2,060 Pueblo 2,744 Hormigueros district 3, 215 Hormigueros and Jaguita 965 Lavadero and Benavente 1, 047 Puebloand Guanajibo 1, 203 Lajas district 8,789 Candelaria 1,008 Costa and Parguera 1, 256 Lajas arriba 1, 152 Palmarejo and Llanos 1, 160 Paris 875 Pueblo 1,386 Sabana Yeguas 938 Santa Rosa and Plata 1, 015 Las Marias district 11, 279 AltoSongo 885 Anones 1, 261 Bucarabones 761 Buenavista 1, 120 Cerrote 864 Chamorro and Espino 986 Naranjales and Furnias 1, 255 Palma Escrita 1, 143 Pueblo and Maravilla 1, 235 Purisima Concepcion 1, 007 Rio Caflas 772 Maricao district 8,312 Bucarabones 1, 354 Indiera alta 1, 145 8490—00 11 Maricao district— Continued. Indiera baja 933 Indiera Fnos 1, 165 Maricao afuera 1, 390 Montoso 1, 146 Pueblo ■. 1, 179 Mayaguez district 35, 700 Algarrobo 1, 054 Bateyes 1, 019 Candelaria 2, 609 Carcel 4,585 Guanajibo 1, 032 Juan Alonso 1, 041 Leguisamo 1, 228 Limon 870 Marina Meridional 1, 611 Marina Septentrional 2, 934 Mayaguez arriba 2, 187 Miradero 1, 268 Mona, island 6 Montoso 988 Quebrada Grande 1, 035 Quemado 952 Rio 1,722 Rio Caflas abajo 1, 095 Rio Cafias arriba and Naranjales 1, 048 Rio Hondo and Malezas 1, 072 Rosario 852 Sabalos 2, 365 Sabanetas '. 1, 401 Salud 1,726 Sabana Grande district 10, 560 Machuchal 999 Pueblo 2,531 Rayo 1,222 Rincon 1, 244 Santana 921 Susua and Torre 1, 755 Tabonuco 1,888 San German district 20, 246 Cain alto 1, 643 Cain bajo 942 Cotui 811 Duey bajo 943 Guama 1,188 Hoconuco alto 943 Hoconuco bajo 1, 047 Minillas 1,657 Pueblo central 1,493 Pueblo occidental 821 Pueblo oriental 1, 640 Retire - 983 Rosario alto 811 ROrsario bajo 1, 027 Rosario Penon and Duey alto 1, 100 Sabana Eneas and An cones 1, 132 Sabana Grande abajo 1, 021 Tuna and Maresua 1, 044 162 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table III. — Total population by wards — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Total population 203, 191 Adjuntas district 19, 484 Capaes 1,266 Garzas 1, 425 Guayabo Dulee 1,055 Guayo and Vega abajo 1, 275 Guilarte 1,019 Juan Gonzalez and Portugues 1, 235 Limani 1, 075 Pellejas 1,521 Portillo 1,271 Pueblo 1,963 Saltillo 2,098 Tanama 752 Vega arriba 1,159 Yahuecas 1, 710 Yayales 660 Aibonito district 8, 596 Algarrobo and Llano 1, 226 Asomante and Caonillas 1, 245 Cuyon 1,027 Norte and Sur 2, 085 Pastes and Eoble 1, 459 Plata 1,554 Barranquitas district 8, 103 Barrancas 692 Caflabon 1, 117 Helechal 1, 485 Honduras 862 Palo lincado 1, 299 Pueblo 666 Quebrada grande 931 Quebradillas 1, 051 Barros district 14, 845 Ala de la Piedra and Orocovis 1, 403 Barros 987 Bauta abajo 1, 603 Bermejales 1, 317 Botijas 891 Collores and Cacaos 1, 588 Damian abajo 922 Damian arriba 839 Gato 876 Pellejas and Bauta arriba 1, 331 Pueblo 962 Sabana and Mata de cana 1, 089 Saltos 1, 037 Coamo district 15, 144 Cayales 989 Coamo arriba 1, 223 Cuyon and Palmarejo 1, 397 Ermita 1, 400 Este and Oeste 1, 844 Llanos 1, 064 Paste 1, 272 Pedro Garcia 1, 697 Pulguillas 1, 142 San Ildefonso 1, 252 Santa Catalina 1,864 Guayanilla district 9, 540 Barrero and Macana 1, 154 Indios and Boca 782 Jagua and Concejo 1, 162 Llano and Quebradas 977 Magas and Playa 962 Pasto 1, 276 Pueblo 973 Quebrada-honda and Jagua-Pasto 1, 467 Sierra baja 787 Juana Diaz district 27 896 Annuelas 1 qiq Capitanejo 1' 333 Caonilla abajo j' 553 Caonilla arriba \ 2 200 Cintrona 1 132 Collores '_. 2'835 Este and Oeste 941 Guayabal 2, 034 Hato-Puerco abajo * .'. '991 Hato-Puerco arriba 1 496 Jacaguas and Callado '936 Lomas and Sabana Liana 938 Norte and Sur 1,305 Rio Cafias abajo i|o66 Rio Cafias arriba '990 Tijeras and Emajagual 1 005 Vacas i[ 84i Villalba abajo x'363 Villalba arriba 2^917 Penuelas district 12 129 Barreal 922 Cuevas and Tallaboa Saliente 940 Encarnacion and Coto 1,271 Jagua '971 Macana i, 025 Pueblo i| 129 Quebrada Ceiba i'oo6 Rucio 2,233 Santo Domingo 812 Tallaboa alta 945 Tallaboa Poniente 874 Ponce district 55, 477 Anon 1, 734 Barrio primero l, 592 Barrio segundo 5, 866 Barrio terccro 1, 808 Barrio cuarto 3, 364 Barrio quinto .' 4,511 Bucana-Vayas 1, 315 Caja de Muertos (island) 64 Canas 2, 680 Cantera 5, 321 Capitanejo 1, 161 Cerrillos 518 Cote-Laurel 1, 884 Guaraguaos 1, 771 Machuelo abajo ..: 1,893 Machuelo arriba 1, 413 Magueyes 1, 171 Maraguez 1, 766 Marueno 1, 105 Montes Llanos 964 Playa 4,660 Portugues 1,050 Quebrada Limon 647 Real 1,440 Sabanetas 1,065 San Anton 963 San Patricio 1,217 Tibes 1,878 Institutions 766 Santalsabel district 4,858 Boca, Velazquez, and Descalabrado. . . 1,033 Felicia No. 1 and No. 2 1,130 JaucaNo. 1 and No. 2 1,553 Pueblo and Playa 1,142 Yauco district 27,119 Aguas Blancas 1, 1'" Algarrobos 952 Almacigo bajo "3 Barinas 1,432 POPULATION OF CITIES. 163 Table III. — Total population by wards— Continued. DEPARTMENT OP PONCE— Continued. Yauco district— Continued. Collores 893 Duey 1,264 Frailes 919 Guftiiica 2, 700 Insua alta and Ciego Hernandez 1, 171 Insua baja 811 Jacana and Almacigo alto 1, 077 Naranjo 1, 358 Yauco district— Continued. Pueblo Norte 3, 564 Pueblo Sur 2, 544 Quebradas 1, 009 Rancheras 1, 220 Rio Prieto 799 Rubias 627 Sierra alta 1, 411 Vegas and Caimito 1, 405 Table IV. — Total population of cities. City. Department. Popula- tion. Adjuntas Aguada Aguadilla Aguas Buenas. Aibonito Afiasco Arecibo Arroyo Bayamon Barceloneta CaboRojo Caguas Carolina Cayey Ceiba Ciales Cidra Coamo Comerio Corozal Fajardo Guayama Gurabo Humacao JuanaDiaz Juncos Lajas Manati Maunabo Maricao Mayaguez Moca Morovis Naguabo Patillas Pefluelas Ponce Quebradillas Rincon Rio Grande Rio Piedras Sabana Grande . Salina9 San German San Juan San Lorenzo San Sebastian . . . Santa Isabel Toa, baja Trujillo, alto Utuado Vegaalta Vega, baja Vieques Yabucoa Yauco : . . . Ponce Aguadilla . do Guayama. . Ponce Mayaguez . Arecibo ... .Guayama. . Bayamon.. Arecibo Mayaguez . Guayama- . Bayamon. . Guayama.. Humacao.. Arecibo ... Guayama.. Ponce Guayama. . Bayamon.. Humacao. . Guayama. . — do Humacao.. Ponce ..'... Guayama. . Mayaguez . Aguadilla . Arecibo Humacao.. Mayaguez . do Aguadilla . Arecibo Humacao. . ....do Ponce ....do Arecibo ... Aguadilla . Bayamon.. ....do Guayama.. Mayaguez . Bayamon.. Guayama. . Aguadilla . Ponce Bayamon.. ....do Arecibo Bayamon.. ....do Humacao.. ....do Ponce 1,963 1,135 6,425 . 1,309 2,085 2,483 8,008 2, 137 2,218 1,459 2,744 5,450 2,177 3,763 1,214 1,356 1,034 3,244 1,191 1,057 3,414 5,334 1,309 4,428 2,246 2,026 1,385 3,714 4,494 1,277 1,179 15, 187 1,470 1,064 1,812 1,590 1,129 27, 952 1,166 1,074 1,285 2,249 2,531 1,192 3,954 32, 048 2,084 1,700 1,142 1,300 1,025 3,619 1,081 2,288 2,646 1,838 6,108 164 BEPOKT ON THE CENSUS OP POETO RICO, 1899. Table V.— Sex, general PORTO Department. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. 1 Aguadilla 99,645 162,308 160,046 111, 986 88,501 127,566 203, 191 49,224 80, 901 78,229 55,216 43,984 62, 750 101, 957 50,421 81,407 81,817 56, 770 44,517 64, 816 101,234 84,563 123,601 74,210 56,041 40, 246 80,564 118,784 41,776 61,254 35,901 27,619 19,846 39,825 59,282 42, 787 62, 347 38,309 28,422 20,400 40, 939 59,502 735 1,458 4,018 764 559 1,480 2,403 587 1,121 3,097 653 449 1,099 1,886 148 337 921 HI 110 381 517 3 4 5 6 7 Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Porto Rico.. 8 953,243 472,261 480, 982 578,009 285,303 292,706 11,417 8,892 2,525 DEPARTMENT District. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. 1 10,581 17,830 14,888 20,883 12, 410 6,641 16,412 5,228 8,580 7,146 10,483 6,244 3,344 8,199 5,353 9,250 7,742 10,400 6,166 3,297 8,213 8,849 13, 432 12, 892 18,252 10,941 5,644 14,553 4,389 6,473 6,206 9,114 5,543 2, §25 7,226 4,460 6,959 6,686 9,138 5,398 2,819 7,327 41 219 82 277 17 17 82 32 179 54 231 12 16 63 9 40 28 46 5 1 19 2 3 4 Aguadilla Isabela 5 fi 7 San Sebastian . . . The depart- ment 8 99,645 49,224 50,421 84,563 41,776 42,787 735 587 148 DEPARTMENT Areeibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas ... Utuado The depart- ment 36, 910 18,403 9,357 4,724 10,887 5,271 18, 115 9,074 10,449 5,164 13, 989 6,864 11, 309 5,672 7,432 3,579 43, 860 22,150 162, 308 80,901 18, 507 4,633 5,616 9,041 5,285 7,125 5,637 3,853 21,710 25,453 5,255 9,747 13,942 8,590 7,955 9,197 6,611 36,851 123,601 12, 681 2,617 4,724 6,863 4,205 3,876 4,578 3,183 18,527 12,772 2,638 6,023 7,079 4,385 4,079 4,619 3,428 18, 324 417 323 94 66 49 17 154 90 64 148 131 17 131 80 61 140 112 28 39 35 4 56 30 26 307 271 36 1,458 1,121 337 DEPARTMENT Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande Rio Piedras San Juan ToaAlta ToaBaja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The depart- ment 19,940 11, 965 11, 508 3,804 12, 522 8,101 12,365 13, 760 32,048 7,908 4,030 5,683 6,107 10, 305 9,722 6,915 5,574 1,882 6,287 4,026 6,110 6,688 15, 100 3,963 2,038 2,821 3,011 5,092 10,218 6,050 6,934 1,922 6,235 4,075 6,255 7,072 16, 948 3,945 1,992 2,862 3,096 5,213 81, 817 9,866 4,578 7,286 1,019 6,487 6,308 4,903 4,993 12, 391 4,987 912 2,898 2,627 6,055 4,778 2,310 3,533 500 2,798 3,148 2,387 2,388 6,541 2,451 445 1,459 1,241 2,922 36,901 6,088 330 239 91 2,268 100 84 16 3,753 66 48 8 5>19 41 26 15 2,689 57 50 7 3,160 30 25 5 2,616 71 60 11 2,605 231 190 41 6,850 2,872 2,190 682 2,536 29 26 3 467 47 37 10 1,439 35 27 8 1,286 19 16 3 3,133 100 79 21 38,309 4,018 3,097 921 SEX, HATIVITY, AND RACE. 165 nativity, and race. RICO. Negro. Mixed. Chinese. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. 2,963 4,305 20,160 7,620 8,662 5,966 9,824 1,414 2,195 9,722 3,861 4,368 2,815 4,747 1,539 2,110 10, 438 3,759 4,194 3,151 5,077 11,394 32, 931 61,628 47,552 39, 134 39, 547 72, 166 5,447 16,318 29,481 23, 074 19, 321 19, 206 36, 031 5,947 16, 613 32, 147 24,478 19, 813 20,341 36, 135 1 13 30 9 13 28 9 » 2 3 4 R 9 11 5 11 4 3 6 7 59.390 29,122 30,268 304, 352 148,878 155,474 76 66 9 8 OF AGUADILLA. Negro. Mixed. Chinese. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. 530 1,018 416 238 273 182 296 263 458 205 118 137 90 143 267 560 211 120 136 92 153 1,161 3,161 1,498 2,116 1,179 798 1,481 544 1,470 681 1,020 552 413 767 617 1,691 817 1,096 627 385 714 1 o s 4 Fi fi 7 2,953 1,414 1,539 11,394 5,447 5,947 8 OF ARECIBO. 1,819 274 319 173 164 812 160 136 448 903 133 148 96 86 448 81- 65 235 916 141 171 77 78 364 79 71 213 9,216 3,762 667 3,852 1,564 5,078 1,913 629 6,250 4,491 ■1,925 309 1,984 793 2,424 978 301 3,113 4,725 1,837 358 1,868 771 2,654 935 328 3,137 5 5 1 o S 4 5 4 4 6 7 R 4 4 9 4,305 2,195 2,110 32,931 16,318 16, 613 13 13 in OF BAYAMON. 1,633 2,822 364 662 2,457 256 996 2,806 6,236 430 922 471 185 920 826 1,363 172 334 1,197 128 602 1,406 2,245 237 478 240 100 494 807 1,459 192 328 1,260 128 494 1,400 2,991 193 444 231 85 426 8,109 4,465 3,797 2,082 4,521 1,507 6,395 5,728 11, 529 2,462 2,149 2,279 3,375 3,230 3,877 2,158 1,818 1,022 2,242 725 3,161 2,702 5,104 1,249 1,078 1,095 1,653 1,597 4,232 2,307 1,979 1,060 2,279 782 3,234 3,026 6,425 1,213 1,071 1,184 1,722 1,633 2 2 1 •> 6 3 3 4 5 r, 7 2 20 2 20 8 9 111 11 l'» 1 1 13 14 20,160 9,722 10,438 61,628 29,481 32, 147 30 28 2 15 166 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table V. — Sex, general DEPARTMENT District. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. 1 ? Aguas Buenas . . . 7,977 4,867 19,857 14,442 7,552 8,249 12, 749 8,700 8,429 5,731 13,433 3,868 2,294 9,840 7,103 3,775 4,129 6,146 4,391 4,176 2,964 6,530 4,109 2,573 10,017 7,339 3,777 4,120 6,603 4,309 4,253 2,767 6,903 3,325 1,286 8,902 9,142 6,557 5,140 6,339 2,510 5,579 2,087 5,174 1,602 608 4,413 4,455 3,250 2,561 3,102 1,281 2,764 1,093 2,500 1,723 678 4,489 4,687 3,307 2,579 3,237 1,229 2,825 994 2,674 36 59 163 116 32 27 138 25 53 59 56 32 43 136 104 30 24 115 23 60 50 46 4 16 27 12 2 3 23 2 3 9 10 3 4 5 fi 7 8 Guayama q in 11 San Lorenzo The depart- ment 12 111, 986 55,216 56,770 56,041 27,619 28,422 764 653 111 DEPARTMENT 1 16, 782 14, 313 6,221 10, 873 11,163 8,602 6,642 13,905 8,129 7,099 3,106 5,388 5,589 4,283 3,407 6,983 8,653 7,214 3,115 5,485 5,674 4,319 3,235 6,922 9,880 6,964 1,717 6,585 5,334 3,881 2,545 4,340 4,793 2,924 867 3,220 2,692 1,954 1,252 2,144 5,087 3,040 860 3,365 2,642 1,927 1,293 2,196 108 146 20 45 33 23 138 46 83 125 19 36 29 22 96 39 25 21 1 9 4 1 42 7 2 3 4 5 6 Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas 7 8 Vieques Yabucoa The depart- ment 9 88,501 43,984 44,517 40,246 19,846 20,400 559 449 110 DEPARTMENT Afiasco CaboRojo Hormigueros . . . Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Maya guez Sabana Grande. San German The depart- ment 13, 311 6,551 16,154 8,015 3,215 1,602 8,789 4,382 11,279 5,692 8,312 4,220 35, 700 17, 049 15,187 6,765 10, 560 5,291 20, 246 9,948 127, 566 62, 750 6,760 10, 499 5,172 8,139 12,864 6,348 1,613 1,894 969 4,407 6,709 3,348 5,587 8,771 4,388 4,092 5,744 2,898 18,651 22, 176 10, 719 8,m 8, SSI, 3.77S 5,269 3,036 1,509 10, 298 8,871 4,274 64,816 80, 564 39,625 5,327 56 48 6,516 58 45 925 23 19 3,361 33 29 4,383 106 86 2,846 162 127 11,457 897 635 h,561 754 522 1,627 32 28 4,597 113 82 40, 939 1,480 1,099 13 4 4 20 35 262 DEPARTMENT Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas . . . Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefluelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The depart- ment 19,484 9,872 8, 596 4,489 8,103 4,013 14, 846 7,527 15,144 7,584 9,540 4,842 27, 896 14,093 12, 129 6,152 55, 477 27, 587 27, 952 IS, 197 4,858 2,494 27, 119 13,304 203, 191 101, 957 9,612 4,107 4,090 7,318 7,560 4,698 13, 803 6,977 27,890 14, 755 2,364 13, 815 101,234 15, 261 5,780 5,587 11,131 7,216 2,985 17, 332 7,022 31, 253 14,28,9 1,606 13, 611 7,584 2,945 2,781 5,618 3,634 1,516 8,776 3,532 15, 575 6,76U 797 6,524 7,677 2,835 2,806 5, 513 3,582 1,469 8,556 3,490 15, 678 7,504 809 7,087 251 94 15 38 67 70 155 65 1,358 1,182 32 268 2,403 228 86 14 29 49 55 127 46 997 81,7 27 228 1 9 18 15 28 9 361 SS5 5 40 517 SEX, NATIVITY, AND EACE. 167 nativity, and race — Continued. OF GUAYAMA. OF HUMACAO. OF MAYAGUEZ. OF PONCE. Negro. Mixed. Chinese. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. 66 757 1,116 749 577 163 1,015 1,375 538 803 461 3S 380 544 396 302 86 472 729 277 414 228 33 377 572 353 275 77 543 646 261 389 233 4,550 2,765 9,676 4,480 386 2,915 5,257 4,790 2,259 2,782 7,742 2,201 1,263 4,747 2,143 193 1,454 2,457 2,358 1,095 1,407 3,756 2,349 1,502 4,929 2,287 193 1,461 2,800 2,432 1,164 1,375 3,986 1 9 S 5 5 \ h 4 4 6 7 8 q 10 11 7,620 3,861 ;•-. 759 47,552 23,074 24,478 9 9 V 1,594 1,580 1,080 880 519 598 1,036 1,275 755 772 546 465 269 302 605 654 839 808 534 415 250 296 431 621 5,200 6,623 3,404 3,363 5,277 4,100 2,923 8,244 2,498 3,278 1,674 1,667 2,599 2,006 1,454 4,146 2,702 3,345 1,730 1,696 2,678 2,095 1,469 4,098 1 ■? 3 4 fi r 7 8 8,562 4,368 4,194 39,134 19,321 19,813 q 722 441 206 209 361 209 2,687 1,381 584 547 357 215 95 98 178 115 1,164 515 320 273 365 226 111 111 183 94 1,623 866 264 274 2,032 2,791 1,092 1,838 2,041 2,197 9,933 i,711 6,908 10, 715 972 1,407 519 907 1,040 1,080 4,528 1,953 3,434 5,319 1,060 1,384 673 931 1,001 1,117 5,405 $,758 3,474 5,396 2 2 1 •> 3 1 5 fi 7 7 3 3 4 k 1 8 q in 5,966 2,815 3,151 39,547 19,206 20,341 9 5 4 li 42 300 436 371 561 245 2,113 284 4,485 $,65h 547 440 27 170 198 194 290 131 1,085 147 2,019 l,0h0 281 205 15 130 238 177 271 114 1,028 137 2,466 1,51k 266 235 3,930 2,422 2,065 3,303 7,300 6,240 8,296 4,768 18, 374 9,91,2 2,673 12, 795 2,033 1,288 1,020 1,684 3,611 3,140 4,105 2,427 8,990 h,5U0 1,389 6,344 1,897 1,134 1,045 1,619 3,689 3,100 4,191 2,341 9,384 5,m 1,284 6,451 1 ? 3 2 2 4 5 fi 7 8 7 fi 6 6 1 9 10 11 5 3 2 12 9,824 4,747 5,077 72, 166 36, 031 36, 135 14 11 3 13 168 REPORT OH THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table VI. — Percentages by sex. POETO RICO. Total population. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Department. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. 49.4 49.8 48.9 49.3 49.7 49.2 50.2 50.6 50.2 51.1 50.7 50.3 50.8 49.8 49.4 49.6 48.4 49.3 49.3 49.2 49.9 50.6 50.4 51.6 50.7 50.7 50.8 50.1 79.9 76.9 77.1 85.5 80.3 74.3 78.5 20.1 23.1 22.9 14.5 19.7 25.7 21.5 47.8 49.7 47.9 48.8 49.7 48.4 49.7 52.2 50.3 52.1 61.2 50.3 51.6 50.3 Total 49.5 60.5 49.4 50.6 77.9 22.1 48.9 51.1 DEPAETMENT OF AGUADILLA. Total population. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Males. Females Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. 49.4 48.1 48.0 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.0 50.6 61.9 52.0 49.8 49.7 49.6 60.0 49.6 48.2 48.1 49.9 50.7 50.1 49.7 50.4 51.8 51.9 50.1 49.3 49.9 50.3 78.0 81.7 65.9 83.4 70.6 94.1 76.8 22.0 18.3 34.1 16.6 29.4 5.9 23.2 47.7 46.1 46.3 48.3 47.5 51.3 51.2 52.3 53.9 53.7 51.7 52.5 48.7 San Sebastian 48.8 Total 49.4 50.6 49.4 50.6 79.9 20.1 47.8 52.2 DEPAETMENT OF AEECIBO. 49.9 50.5 48.4 50.1 61.7 49.1 50.2 48.2 50.5 50.1 49.5 51.6 49.9 48.3 50.9 49.8 51.8 49.5 49.8 49.8 48.5 49.2 49.0 48.7 49.8 48.1 50.3 50.2 50.2 51 5 50.8 51.0 51.3 50.2 51.9 49.7 77.5 74.2 58.4 88.5 61.0 80.0 89.7 53.6 88.3 22.5 25.8 41.6 11.5 39.0 20.0 10.3 46.4 11.7 48.9 51.0 46.3 51.7 50.9 48.8 51.1 47.8 50.0 51.1 49.0 53.7 48.3 Hatillo 49.1 51.2 48.9 Quebradillas 52.2 60.0 Total 49.8 50.2 49.6 50.4 76.9 23.1 49.7 50.3 DEPAETMENT OF BAYAMON. 48.8 49.4 48.4 49.5 50.2 49.7 49.4 48.6 47.1 50.1 50.6 49.6 49.3 49.4 51.2 50.6 51.6 50.5 49.8 50.3 50.6 51.4 52.9 49.9 49.4 50.4 50.7 50.6 48.4 50.5 48.5 49.1 51.0 49.9 48.7 47.8 44.7 49.1 48.8 50.3 49.1 48.3 51.6 49.5 51.5 50.9 49.0 50.1 51.3 52.2 55.3 50.9 51.2 49.7 50.9 51.7 72.4 84.0 85.7 63.4 87.7 83.3 84.5 82.2 76.3 89.7 78.7 77.1 84.2 79.0 27.6 16.0 14.3 36.6 12.3 16.7 15.5 18.8 23.7 10.3 21.3 22.9 15.8 21.0 48.3 48.3 47.8 49.4 49.3 48.4 49.6 48.1 43.9 51.4 50.7 48.5 49.3 50.4 51.7 51.7 52.2 50 6 50.7 51.6 50 4 56 1 48 6 TrujilloAlto 51.5 Total 48.9 51.1 48.4 51.6 77.1 22.9 47.9 SEX, NATIVITY, AND RACE. 169 Table VI. — Percentages by sex — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. District. Total population. Males. Females. Native white. Males. Females. Foreign white. Males. Females. Colored. Males. Females. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo . . Total... 48.5 47.1 49.6 49.2 50.0 50.1 48.2 50.5 49.5 51.7 48.6 51.5 52.9 50.4 50.8 50.0 49.9 51.8 49. 5 50.5 48.3 51.4 48.2 47.3 49.6 48.7 49.6 49.8 48.9 51.0 49.4 52.4 48.3 51.8 52.7 50.4 51.3 50. 4 50.2 51.1 49.0 50.6 47.6 51.7 88.9 72.9 83.4 89.7 93.7 92.0 94.3 84.7 82.1 11.1 27.1 16.6 10.3 6.3 11.1 16.7 8.0 5.7 15.3 17.9 49.3 50.7 49.3 50.7 85.5 14.5 46.7 49.0 49.1 51.4 50.1 46.7 50.1 49.1 50.8 48.6 48.8 DEPARTMENT OF HIMACAO. Fajardo . . . Humacao . Maunabo . Naguabo . . Patinas ... Piedras ... Vieques . . . Yabucoa . . Total 48.4 49.6 49.9 49.6 50.1 49.8 51.3 60.2 49.7 51.6 50.4 50.1 50.4 49.9 50.2 48.7 49.8 50.3 48.5 49.0 50.5 48.9 50.5 50.3 49.2 49.4 49.3 51.5 51.0 49.5 51.1 49.5 49.7 50.8 50.6 50.7 76.9 85.6 95.0 80.0 87.9 95.7 69.6 84.8 80.1 23.1 14.4 5.0 20.0 12.1 4.3 30.4 15.2 19.7 47.9 49.4 49.5 50.2 49.5 49.1 52.0 50.4 49.7 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. 49.2 49.6 49.8 49.9 60.5 50.8 47.8 50.1 49.1 50.8 60.4 50.2 60.1 49.5 49.2 52.2 49.9 50.9 49.3 49.3 51.2 49.9 50.0 50.5 48.3 49.7 48.2 60.7 60.7 48.8 50.1 50.0 49.5 51.7 50.3 51.8 86.7 77.6 82.6 87.9 81.1 78.4 70.8 87.5 72.6 14.3 22.4 17.4 12.1 18.9 21.6 29.2 12.5 27.4 48.3 60.2 47.3 49.1 50.7 49.7 45.1 60.1 49.7 51.7 49.8 Hormigueros 52.7 50.9 49.3 50.3 54.9 Sabana Grande San German 49.9 50.3 Total 49.2 50.8 49.2 50.8 74.3 25.7 48.4 51.6 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 50.7 52.2 49.5 50.7 50.1 50.7 50.5 50.7 49.7 a.% 51.3 49.1 49.3 47.8 50.5 49.3 49.9 49.3 49.5 49.3 60.3 m. 8 48.7 50.9 49.7 51.0 49.8 50.5 50.4 60.8 50.6 50.3 49.8 47.4 49.6 47.9 50.3 49.0 50.2 49.5 49.6 49.2 49.4 49.7 50.2 S2.6 50.4 52.1 90.8 91.5 93.3 76.3 73.1 78.6 81.9 83.6 73.4 71.7 84.4 85.1 9.2 8.5 6.7 23.7 26.9 21.4 18.1 16.4 26.6 ««.S 15.6 14.9 51.9 53.6 48.7 51.1 49.6 50.4 49.9 51.0 48.2 44.7 51.9 49.5 48.1 46.4 Barranquitas 51.3 48.9 50.4 49.6 60.1 49.0 51.8 Oily of Ponce Santa Isabel SS.S 48.1 50.5 Total 50.2. 49.8 49.9 50.1 78.5 21.5 49.7 60.3 170 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table VII. — Percentages by nativity and race. PORTO Rico. Department. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. 84.9 76.2 46.4 50.0 45.5 63.2 58.4 0.7 0.9 2.5 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.2 14.4 22.9 61.1 49.3 53.9 35.7 40.4 60.6 1.2 38.2 DEPARTMENT OF AQOADILLA. District. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Rincon San Sebastian Native white. 83.6 75.3 86.6 87.4 88. 2 85.0 88.7 Foreign white. 0.4 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 Colored. 16.0 23.5 12.9 11.3 11.7 14.8 10.8 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. Arecibo Barceloneta . Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado 69.0 1.1 56.2 0.7 89.5 1.4 77.0 0.8 82.2 1.3 56.9 1.0 81.4 0.3 89.0 0.7 84.0 0.7 29.9 43.1 9.1 22.2 10.5 42.1 18.3 10.3 15.3 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito ... Rio Grande. . RioPiedras.. San Juan — Toa Alta .... Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta . . . Vega Baja... 49.5 1.6 38.3 0.8 63.3 0.5 26.8 1.1 43.8 0.5 77.9 0.3 39.6 0.6 36.3 1.7 38.7 8.9 63.1 0.3 22.6 1.2 51.0 0.6 41.4 0.3 58.7 1.0 48.9 a. 9 36.2 72.1 55.7 21.8 59.8 62.0 52.4 86.6 76.2 48.4 58.3 40.3 NATIVITY AND' RACE. 171 Table VII. — Percentages by nativity and race — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. District. Aguas Bueiias Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidia Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo.. Native Foreign white. white. 41.7 0.4 26.4 1.2 48.4 0.8 63.3 0.8 86.8 0.4 62.3 0.3 49.7 1.1 28.8 0.3 66.2 0.6 36.4 1.0 38.5 0.4 Colored. 57.9 72.4 54.4 35.9 12.8 37.4 49.2 70.9 33.2 02.6 61.1 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Fajardo . Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas. . Piedras.. Vieques . Yabucoa. 58.9 0.6 41.7 1.0 27.6 0.3 60.6 0.4 47.8 0.2 45.1 0.3 38.3 2.1 31.2 0.3 40.5 57.3 72.1 39.0 52.0 54.6 59.6 68.5 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. A fiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros . . Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez Sabana Grande San German 78.9 0.4 79.6 0.4 58.9 0.7 76.3 0.4 77.8 0.9 69.1 2.0 62.1 2.5 28.7 0.3 43.8 0.6 20.7 20.0 40.4 23.3 21.3 28.9 35.4 71.0 55. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla JuanaDiaz Pefluelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco 78.3 1.3 67.2 1.1 68.9 0.2 75.0 0.2 47.7 0.4 31.3 0.7 62.1 0.6 57.9 0.4 56.3 2.5 51.0 4.2 33.1 0.6 50.2 1.0 20.4 31.7 30.9 24.8 51.9 68.0 37.3 41.7 41.2 U.S 66. 3 48.8 172 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table VIII. — Age and sex. PORTO RICO. Total popu- lation. Age and sex. Department. Under 6 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and over. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. 99,645 162, 308 160, 046 111, 986 88,501 127, 566 203, 191 8,320 13,207 12,786 9,485 7,456 9,558 15, 962 7,851 12, 606 12,586 9,189 7,131 9,167 15,099 17,049 28,360 27,048 19, 637 15,419 20,928 34,497 16,717 28,028 26, 655 19,000 14, bl9 20,760 33, 776 3,155 5,375 5,239 3,596 2,774 4,374 7,065 3,800 6,384 5,904 4,398 3,245 5,171 7,914 14,730 25,141 24,044 16,282 12, 659 20,005 32, 602 15,909 25,626 26, 523 17, 740 13, 907 21,199 32, 752 5,970 8,818 9,112 6,316 6,676 7,885 11,831 6,144 8,763 10, 149 6,443 5,615 8,519 11,693 Porto Rico 953,243 76, 774 73,629 162, 838 159, 555 31,578 36,816 145,463 153,656 55,608 57,326 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. Total popu- lation. Age and sex. District. Under 5 years. 5 to 17 years. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years. 45 years and over. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. 10,581 17,830 14,888 20,883 12,410 6,641 16,412 941 1,403 1,262 1,712 1,024 644 1,334 873 1,395 1,194 1,617 949 558 1,265 1,749 2,873 2,440 3,566 2,299 1,219 2,903 1,778 2,900 2,502 3,501 2,143 1,118 2,775 348 552 418 654 396 209 578 354 677 525 852 466 226 700 1,515 2,619 2,062 3,414 1,806 888 2,426 1,665 3,034 2,525 3,305 1,855 984 2,541 675 1,133 964 1,137 719 384 958 683 1,244 996 1,125 753 411 San Sebastian 932 The department. 99,645 8,320 7,851 17,049 16, 717 3,155 3,800 14,730 15, 909 6,970 6,144 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. 36,910 9,357 10,887 18, 115 10,449 13, 989 11, 309 7,432 43, 860 2,765 773 869 1,534 910 1,053 1,009 618 3,686 2,664 755 818 1,538 861 986 991 609 3,384 6,149 1,601 1,863 3,308 1,818 2,439 2,114 1,224 7,844 6,058 1,562 1,924 3,280 1,875 2,405 1,981 1,257 7,686 1,321 300 322 602 327 459 390 221 1,433 1,475 330 442 686 377 549 449 311 1,765 5,993 1,522 1,559 2,778 1,523 2,105 1,570 1,079 7,012 5,984 1,469 1,757 2,723 1,605 2,312 1,637 1,218 6,921 2,185 528 658 852 586 808 589 437 2,175 2,326 517 675 814 567 873 579 Quebradillas 458 1,954 The department . 162,308 13,207 12, 606 28, 360 28,028 5,375 6,384 25,141 125,626 8,818 8,763 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande... Rio Piedras . . San Juan Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto . Vega Alta Vega Baja 19, 940 11, 965 11, 508 3,804 12, 522 8,101 12, 365 13, 760 32,048 7,908 4,030 6,683 6,107 10,305 1,614 1,031 1,014 300 1,160 662 1,094 1,185 1,649 760 325 595 544 853 The department. 160,046 12,786 12,586 27,048 26,655 1,579 1,026 1,037 310 1,150 623 1,129 1,169 1,724 708 291 576 474 790 3,327 2,153 2,178 685 2,225 1,535 2,263 2,287 4,248 1,458 757 1,053 1,051 1,828 3,253 2,031 2,208 613 2,088 1,465 2,214 2, 218 4,638 1,365 676 956 1,077 1,853 624 368 35i', 106 390 295 383 420 1,311 218 129 151 167 321 760 448 449 317 389 490 1,408 262 125 185 241 324 6,904 2,980 1,623 1,461 548 1,765 1,101 1,660 1,929 6,239 1,119 563 739 857 1.460 24,044 3,341 1,802 1,680 615 1,881 1,260 1,884 2,218 6,608 1,211 932 26,523 1,177 740 565 243 747 433 710 867 1,653 408 264 283 392 630 1,285 743 560 286 70S 410 639 977 2,570 399 268 285 372 647 10, 149 AGE AND SEX. 173 Table VIII. — Age and sex — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. District. Total popu- lation. Age and sex. Under 5 years. Males, Fe- males. 5 to 17 years. Fe- males. 18 to 20 years. 21 to 44 years Males. males 45 years and over. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey '. Cidra , Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juneos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 7,977 4,867 19,857 14,442 7,552 8,249 12, 749 8,700 8,429 5,731 13,433 753 349 1,673 1,098 621 819 786 476 1,280 326 1,608 1,134 608 725 948 418 1,204 802 3,489 2,445 1,346 1,559 2,122 1,564 1,396 1,022 2,394 1,415 797 3,256 2,396 1,257 1,432 2,125 1,454 1,429 1,009 2,430 226 169 664 455 237 267 396 256 289 208 429 307 205 830 568 300 337 504 314 307 205 521 1,111 646 2,855 2,295 1,140 1,192 1,907 1,304 1,215 884 1,733 1,254 847 3,098 2,384 1,194 1,201 2,208 1,293 1,864 880 2,017 380 328 1,159 810 431 413 789 448 490 374 694 111, 986 9,485 9,189 19,537 19, 000 16,282 17,740 6,316 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 16, 782 14, 313 6,221 10,873 11,163 8,602 6,642 13,905 1,411 1,198 514 898 951 791 496 1,197 1,369 1,066 495 876 881 785 528 1,131 3,001 2,365 1,082 2,062 1,973 1,554 1,052 2,330 2,913 2,269 1,039 1,944 1,875 1,384 1,014 2,181 448 486 185 318 373 255 218 491 583 682 207 390 436 346 199 602 2,220 2,154 906 1,404 1,579 1,120 1,133 2,143 2,658 2,338 953 1,633 1,727 1,256 1,090 2,252 1,049 896 419 706 713 563 508 822 1,130 959 421 Naguabo 642 655 548 404 866 The department. 88,501 7,456 7,131 15,419 14, 619 2,774 3,245 12, 659 13, 907 5,676 5,615 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. 13,311 16,154 3,215 8,789 11, 279 8,312 35, 700 15, 1ST 10,560 20,246 1,035 1,322 243 727 916 646 2,356 770 876 1,437 1,054 1,238 260 703 886 636 2,225 780 769 1,406 2,241 2,759 523 1,499 1,933 1,398 5,386 2,071 1,856 3,333 2,220 2,667 498 1,514 1,886 1,321 5,611 2, SSI 1,836 3,207 418 543 107 294 390 314 1,228 Si£ 368 722 498 625 107 360 460 360 1,526 7S7 406 829 2,056 2,866 483 1,256 1,800 1,437 5,982 2,690 1,569 3,056 2,169 2,556 474 1,286 1,740 1,405 6,641 S,250 1,627 3,301 801 1,025 246 606 653 425 2,097 792 632 1,400 819 1,053 Hormigueros 284 544 615 370 2,648 City of Mayaguez Sabana Grande 1.S2& 631 1,555 The department. 127,566 9,558 9,167 20,928 20,760 4,374 5,171 20,005 21,199 7,885 8,519 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranqnitas BaTros Coamo Guayanilla Jnana Diaz Peiiuelas Ponee City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yaueo The department. 19,484 8,596 8,103 14,845 15,144 9,540 27,896 12,129 55,477 27,952 4,858 27,119 203, 191 1,542 662 723 1,376 1,426 821 2,331 1,090 3,591 1,519 405 1,995 15,962 1,467 652 699 1,276 1,223 712 2,185 932 3,550 l,iSB 366 2,037 15, 099 3,559 1,569 1,424 2,745 2,687 1,650 4,870 2,189 8,419 S,82& 836 4,549 34, 497 3,352 1,488 1,426 2,640 2,720 1,614 4,697 2,091 8,255 U,080 804 4,689 33, 776 611 392 267 613 517 310 999 423 155 914 764 331 548 337 1,004 452 2,275 1,S00 179 1,150 7,914 3,211 1,423 1,116 2,125 2,140 1,403 4,221 1,708 10,260 5, SIS 783 4,222 32,602 3,076 1,224 1,217 2,115 2,286 1,442 4,316 1,790 10, 146 5,8S5 771 4,369 32, 752 443 is:', 708 814 658 1,672 742 3,363 1,509 315 1,624 174 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. s X Eh o o a o t* t» -# co w> o> «5 ffl cm cm ao fh ■* co jo jd co *t C^0SrHrHC7>OOCMC©CMiOeOOCn^O>COl>COi-iCOT tiTt^CO «OlQ t- CO i-T l> <0 r-Tt> CM* 00 00'^0~CN~eO iH iH ClWrl rHi-t iH .-HOiiOCOt-Uti-^lO^nCMiO^HCOCNi-ltOOO^OiOT^TfHCOOJCOCgrHr* r~tOCOCOOOiOTT(OTtCMi-((NO>'^i--J H ■* CO CO © CO eO rH r-0 00»«OHOO>01CO(DMr;r HaXN-JHt-iCC . . -I ifS CM CO ■<*< CM Soi ooomoco COCOiH rH 3COOcnCMt^THCO£COQrH^CMOi5C01>CM^< «Hr»OmN^OQO«NMN(OHWON(NCO(OMiClCftCaMOO OMOOi5!0OMOl^a)Q0tOOOCOQOHm(DCM>HHOHQO!DWCaClHt*CSNM COOiTT'COeNCOifDCnoaiMIr-i-ltDr-ICO^OH 3 00Q0OI>O>(NiDH'* 3 t- Cft "* ■<*< CM iH SMOC eoi-Hu com^c ^coooooi>tocT>i>eMior*i->-eMiQr-t~oi"*txtHr' ■ r-iHCOcnHi'cooH'mHcooowcocncatocoTjim'; iON0 8HC»CH0 iA eo cm ~r a HH00OCK iSs mcoiocococo ■^cofflino^o-^'^'O'HCMWO.. 0<0 eOCOTt 1 gj rH CO CO Tl< HHHI>iON(Np 0)!ai>JO - £>0(NOMiOCacaiOr-ICTip}'Tfit«.i-(HCOinTCM iflHl>CICO COCncOC^«0^rHXii^^iH^COir5rH-^rHCNTf'iOt--i-IOO" 5"oT ^^eMCO^WCO'cOCMV-TrH CO CO CM CM rH rH OCO(N i— I CTir-rHrHiriiOCO-»cOI>rH©OasfflCQCscOCOQOI> inOO^^CO^COr^£>C$COlOCMCOCOCOCOCOCMCOy3r>(0COrHrH •SSSSSoSSg^SooooaSSfiSoooooo- 9 P^c^SSSSSSggSSgggSgggiggglS AGE, EACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. 175 cDiQiMTfl--I>0*iHtDOJeOOeOC4COtOiOOQ«OOCOCQOirSlOincO "flfiffl (DeDI>0 , ^"^'»"*COTHC050iOCOi5CNCOr-ii-l A 0SC0iOHiaQHr*HHOC0M©l>O(0r OlOiOMI>iQCOi001HH(OHOH'*li3iOS-*H-*aiOMfflt-OiH»OHCOtOlOOSMHON(0-*r-linrHCCCqQOi-lOrH-*I>I>COC5rH HSOinOlHHNMOWlMHr COCOOOOOSCTitXNmcOrHOOiHOC : HiOCOI>'*OlMOONeOX i>tO to <© 0!OINMiNNNO>inW MinHNH(DOiOOO)iOCOXlHHC'IO)iNCO'*MwaWKlH eoeor-i>i>'*c k JOi-nootO"i>i-(co-^j(OiMrHi-llNCOCOD"Tj*eDlOiHOieOOaOQO^t"QOl>COlOeOOt*I>C-lCO ««MCOMiOWiOmcOiOWI>QOCOOSOi *H |S||o32i".3S23B55555BSSSS5+| , „ __ _?"*? OiOMOHlOOlOOiOOlOOiOOlOOiOOOOK r^c l ^co■^^lf5IHlHr^c-^(^l(^ScocOTf^■^Jlm^oo^o^>l>oocoo>o)tH^- , o « 176 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. O s o « *tt o = w C « «1 » •2 o M H e -A W S S M H s- « „ «< H 1 A A M W y-l to ■< H OOMiO l rHWiH^iQCN^HWC^COOfiHV-T i-T DtO(DCOOifi>HC OOHBONNW 5CNCN t-i NC^NN": 00OeDec-gOQ0Q i arHl>T-l'#tt)M00i-IQ000CC-!jiOCOVi-ICOMTtI>0!OmM(NH i-Tr-Tof ofc-ToTcc" eo*off-Teo »o ^oo of t-Ti-T HOlMHiOHOlMWCiOOaOifl^Osmif^lNOmiOHHt-Ot- CO*"cO ■'^■■tf "I*" o>*S<£ ■^■^t-^o'oo «d*iO CO CO r4 of ^ffliCO^lOlONr CO CO -* Oi I— t- 0> lA Q) V* "" oot-cnGOcoc^Htoooo^>aoDcocnru3I>"u3~M~eo"rH"w rn>Cfi*4'C©aOCNCO'NI>>OCOT ^iC"^oocftr^LO(Nr-cNlt--c>iT OOCnO»(NOC*^iOCnii5(NO ■HON CClOTjM-*Hr HCOI>TPiOCN CM ;s Eggs» BJ «>■(■•>. >viS AGE, RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. 177 a a a o u I R V3 o « < »> « '*; tn o a H *■ fc 8 3 o 5- «! Oj tu 7 w «3 -u5 0lOM0110 0ST)(0>N'1!U5tOtD01'i O O l> £*■ OOt^-D-r^-^tOWMaiCOaHair-IOJ^-rHiHOJCOfNiM rH'T*0100l>rHr ■ t*tJiMQtHMOI>C>C0C0 IHM>H-*OiOiOHH INOMtfiiflO^tOMOOlHHOOHV NCOOONi^TflWH" iOiOinWCOOIM(0»WMrtH -lffl050Ji>r-oJOiHgpiNmu a>t*wt»tD«OHOOaiaiiS' C4OTj*l>«i i-ifiQ»HCOr-iO(OCOOaiNOOO "#CO(N-<#eO*#«)COr OTOOiHMWCO(NO-*(NN ■*OHeotor^QgoJOJHino)- 0>O0»i-(iO000000otDcD«5oQHa)Ocoof ~ ■Hi-fOcor-r-HOi-l-^Mr- CO^OH^H fttO^O^OCOt-TPiOC^miHiH EEEEESEEESEEEEEE ■o S S> 3 8 oSS § £2SS£SSSS.8SS.8S.SSS+3 p 8490—00 12 178 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO K1CO, 1899. O n < < < p o a H z H M ■«! Pm O rH (M 00 00 IM 00 OS l> L— '" "* '^ "" "" **" "- ^ '" *" "" , "" "* *"* **" *"* — " t-OOOOOCO-^tDr WO OOiOiOC-CQiDCOOliOCSOOOOT- OCOCT>OO^Ot>(Mi-ll>OO^t , ^ , r 5iq-^«c6o6oo©coco NtDK5CCNW!OWHMI>NMO*Oa>MHr tiOOOOHHlggjHJ WOOOSOO«QO'*OI>iONI>MWI>lft'*'*HH 10 toa»ooioeo COrHCOt-COOt-r^CQC HNWOOt^CONHeOTfWNNHH iH a^^weq^^^oapTf^toiOpHoioocotoicoicocccot-oo rtOOOOiOOCO'fOlTj'COWtOiOCQOSaOHW-^HH i-HrH(NrH(N001>C0!NrHC0lOCO(N(MlHTH OrHaO(N'^'»oiajmcOHH HH1NNN00C*-NMHMt)im«NHp ... -. -O OS OS OS r-( t--. _ .. . ■ of CO Tji" ^J<"-^rtC ^ ^ ^CO « Oi" I> »Q tf5 of C0%-T CJ" | g a3 HHNMT((iOHHrtlNNMCOM^'QOQOQOlOOCOCTH>COiHif3rHr-'tOOOeOl5iHiH 0»00 1 HOSCJI-"*TtHCO(OtOiHt*mOOOep-3'*OOOCCrH N»MNH«N SOiNCTXNr-^Or^OMOiOtOlftc-JrHrH cot-i-iT-nni-doeo-^soi- S-^eOOO^tOasOlNi-fCOC^t^OCOCCrHi-H HHHHHIXDNHHNWWNWHr Tj* CO Tf< ^ i-t C- IN rH rH Ol -<* O CO OS CO CO CO rH • rH rH J3 £ rHiOCOI><0 C0-*C0-*5O"*«OiH0»rHrH jil0^iT3I>lOI>OeOrHi-t CM*#ocoooooocoi>i--iir*ooooic: SDiOt-0*DC»iOCNCO«3CNOO"«J'OlO)tO(OeO'^i-lr- ■fOOOCftiOOOOQNi-IOOt-IMI'OCOiOt'HOCOinOHf C^^OOT^Oir-rtMCNOi-IOJtNO'rj'COCOCQOOr-CSliOeOCNrH n(MOCn©tO«COHH WJIOCOO)M<0(OOiNt»OlOr. , CO 00 i— I CO OQ 00 -rf Tfi C- iC Si CO CO O «. . ... . ........ CN O iO CO CO OS CO CN lO rH CO "^ SO O CO CM CO I> 00 CO CM r-l rH%H~iH%H%HOin~cfrH~rH~iQCO"*e£>tO©COCOrHO>eO Hk0iOI>MtDKiNOi'(»«r-Cl0PDHCnO(NOCiOt>10Tl'W we5iOTfiOT)-^TtfiQaiCOTjHCOI>iOOt^"#OCOCOrH(OTjCOrl «3iOCMOrHCOt>00'»feDOTr»fl-> >> >> t>» t» !>> >. ^ t» >> >> >> t» >> >» — Csr*C» 180 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. T3 a o fa I e ^ W g a H ^r 5! & ? w 1 n M m -1 E-i 5D«3r-c--tO'^T-Hc3QOw«o'» , i-totoi>eo-^ < r-iiH ^ rtrt 01t>i-IOiOOOOtO l X>-*>HiHOii-^iC)COi-^^'«'#t-li-< r H 1 ^ P H r 4 , ^»ioc*f»H*i^c4'eom'NefrH't-r i-T b CO CO OJ CO mc-) 0«3ir300QOCO'3"£)'M'^I>'^OOi-|iOCOWi-t — ~» tDOOTf'- • - w as cm co eo -^ a> « f^OCOaOOSH'VtDOOCOmr HiHiOTj<01rHT-eOtOO«>oai>as(NCOOOii~I>CO(NiH HHHHrtiOinWrlr 0(NCOt^CDCT>O l OaOO«3COTHO'3'Cco^rOTO"-DioTf"iot*t-&coiococo(D-^ioi 5iOONI>iC!iO I Hi-'I>WOiCOOOCOCO(OiOC^(N ^(NNINMHO'VCOWiOMOifMMNHr iHMci5c^ostDc-i>c- i fliQOi>tOTft-rf"cooiO'X>**'oc^ininioiQ'*eo ■ir-ij-iOii-KXlP-'rPOlOI'VB-* M>OH550'9"J'iOt-OlO'!fTfiHO>NHHlOTrHi-l r^r^C^C^iHCrod"co"c^rH"cOiO-^roOCo"r-rc4*i--ri- PCOI>-eDl>in'^COi-HOaeDtDCO , ^CQMi-l » 03 03 "a a; aj -,.3S3£2S.EBE£BSg£B£ H H _ rH i-f 'O 03 CM CN CO CO ** ■<# 16 lO (O CO t~ t~ ob 00 Ch Ol J j» £oSS § t-.3233B2S3S333S33B + - E AGE, EACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. 181 ^h oj co ca w th rH tj< r- "«jl to ai oo o as o so A r- r-lr-<001NI>tClSQCOrHOl01-*^^IOi^lr- i-HOTfl-*-*eOI.--rH«3CJTj(N(N r4 r4 r* r4 rf*D tG C* i-4 t*CA CO C*C*rfr4i-i SOOO-WUD'aH-^iAt-iO^OOiHOitNi-linOsaiinoOCCiHCO-^CSIlO ojoc-«D«omoJit5coc-i-iTricooosc^OtHmTffc~U3TPCO"MCO'SCOmOON1 o c m rH r— co ^< -g< co m co oo tt< co oj co cm co cm «-h i-h MDOOO0lOHC0r»0lC0aOinw0J0)011Ti« !>0JMN00'9lCHMMC0I>OOt£it^iMNiOOMt*0i5|C CNCMCOCOCO'^CMeD'^'COOOitO-^^CMCOp OOOH0Q0)lOI>l>lOCNCM l>»00(D«nnt»lOTCHlftCS (Or-rH'»CO-*-*fOrH»#«OCOQOCM (OCMCO£^tOCM^»"C**OCOI^r-T-HCOCOCMr «"f COMiOC 00 „ g b b s e s £ e s k e e e e § 182 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RIOO, 1899. B .9 fi o O "M S » c •s £ ■^, -QO^QO(NninOiOOinCQOMO)HHH«NHH KHHHHWOl^^Nt-OOiO-qiCOHWHH MiOQOI»COtOt*«a5oD CO r-i 00 lO lO CO O) CT> QO lO iC CO CC r ■ HMOHOOGOC OOOOSt^Tjfi-HOCO-^l^aiOC^r-tCOOOOlMSDCOi-IOSvOi-IO] iHrHt'.OOCNlOIXJJCOOaSiSoO^OSlOCOCO i-Hi-H CN rp rj< CO C5 iH rH fl«DTfH(DI>.'^COt»^*i-(CTiOaii HiHi-HiHrHCOt^T^eOCJlOt-Tji^COCNC^r-lr -I CO t- CO l- r- .- . H tfi Oi eo CO •** CO lO (N 5-*mOiNHH(OiCiOHOQHeoeOO>I>TlHCOi-lir3«OTj < e S s* h O w S* 5- H O O, T * M H Hi n «Dif3i-ICOl--rHlOli5COaiOr mc^co^oi^«coqcpoCNCOiH og'*NlOHWHiOOeOinCftCOWHCOMrHCNeDCOeOr»^tlOOQCOClT(<(Oa»C^t-NCO t-iCJCooTt(t-Mcoif3oooo-*a>to«coiflasio«^ciQioCni— OiCOCO^(N tOrfl-^|>^.(DtOO-^01TTlcOCOIXCiCOTpOSOSQbl>0)CO iHrHrHrHrHCOOOtO^CllXJseO^^tCOCOrHrH SCO CO CO . . lOCOOCN HHH 00 CO O CO t*H IfS r- ^COrH«OU " -~~OCOCOiOCOOOWiflOH01>^a>NW*'*'*'* HHomcQ«ooiaot»MHcomoiotDcicimN«iOrtH MCOCOCON fli ni ni m en n» ni m 0) qj di ai QJ CD ajociii'cyci>4)ciiajQjCi>oa)CiiQja> & rH rH'C 3CN(MCOeO"*-WlOOeD^Dl>r-COCOOJCn S 184 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. a 3 R *-£ a o Q H o ; Pm ft. o &> ^ M H m H COeMO>#^THeMC»^lOeMlftOr^COCOeqc»QCCCOCJ£-tOCM"<** CO iO CO tO i-l CM i-H ^SrHT-ltHtDI^^lCOCNCOt-tOCO^CNeOiHr-l ftOi^COOStOCO(DCft^OSTHCOOt^OiCT>lftCOeOr-lr rf" CO CM t> I> O iO CO tH O tO CO Ol 0> CM CM r-f HCOCOC001rHtf3COTtt> coi-»i>cM*#©cneoincMeM . .- . . CM -# tO O) CN "* i-t I>COlOC»CN eMCO-^THOiOiTflrHCOCC MJHWO CNCNiHt r-l ■* O CT) -* OOl'*MCQO , ^HCnCBHOH(NOHiO^>m«tOr rH CM CO CM CO CM O CO tD r-H ^< t- © to "tfl rH i-l T^O"*tocNOcriCOi-(cncocMt^ii i-HiHr-«rHi-100a5iO-*CNtOl>ira'< iiH00lO(OCMlfttOTlinOTcooc6>WHO)«NH THiHrHrHr-iCOCO'*C0r-ltOI>lO^'CMi-HCMr-l Or-itDcoi-(i>a»t~0'* cocNcocoeototocnt-^ COtOt-CJ»tOtDOacOlO-g;cO^T-ICO-*CMi-(r ft >0 CO tO CM •-£ r Sos co en co toe ti< 10 r- to eo c US r-l Oi i-H K5 CM CM OOODI>eO"tHCM!N tOiOtOlOlOOi-tf-TjHO "HIIIRs 2$$Z,SSS$SSSSSS2S28SS + S NATIVITY. 185 Table X. — Nativity. POETO EICO. Department. Total population. Porto Rico, Spain. Other coun- tries. Unknown. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Kico 99,645 162, 308 160,046 111,986 88,501 127, 666 203, 191 98, 867 160, 765 165, 306 111,082 87,263 125,887 200,201 622 1,254 2,700 675 348 946 1,345 266 289 2,039 329 889 733 1,642 953, 243 939, 371 7,690 6,177 DEPARTMENT OP AGUADILLA. District. Total population. Porto Rico. Spain. Other coun- tries. Unknown. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Rincon San Sebastian The department 10,581 17,830 14,888 20,883 12,410 6,641 16,412 10,536 17,585 14,802 20, 600 12,390 6,624 16, 330 35 127 72 187 16 10 75 99,645 98, 867 10 118 14 96 4 7 7 DEPARTMENT OP ARECIBO. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 36, 910 9,357 10, 887 18, 115 10,449 13, 989 11,309 7,432 43,860 162,308 36,454 9,289 10, 731 17, 965 10, 315 13,830 11,270 7,373 43,538 160,765 325 60 140 141 127 120 33 53 255 131 8 16 9 7 39 6 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. DEPARTMENT OP GUAYAMA. 19,940 11, 965 11,508 3,804 12, 522 8,101 12, 365 13, 760 32,048 7,908 4,030 5,683 6,107 10, 305 19, 557 11, 830 11, 451 3,747 12,454 8,070 12,288 13, 504 28,622 7,876 3,982 5,648 6,082 10,195 239 86 52 38 50 28 56 181 1,780 22 34 28 14 92 144 49 5 19 18 3 21 75 1,645 10 14 7 11 18 1 ToaAlta Trujillo Alto 160,046 155, 306 2,700 2,039 1 Aguas Buenas 7,977 4,867 19, 857 14,442 7,552 8,249 12,749 8,700 8,429 5,731 13,433 7,941 4,778 19, 681 14,300 7,519 8,222 12,584 8,672 8,376 5,636 13,373 33 29 128 86 31 26 93 23 50 26 60 3 60 48 66 2 1 72 5 3 69 10 Arroyo ' Caguas Comerio Guayama Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 111,986 111, 082 575 3-!9 186 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table X. — Nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP HUMACAO. District. Total population. Porto Eico. Spain. Other coun- tries. Unknown. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department 16,782 14, 313 6,221 10,873 11,163 8,602 6,642 13,905 16, 616 14,143 6,187 10,794 11, 119 8,577 5,986 13,841 66 104 12 31 18 22 53 42 88,501 87,263 348 100 65 22 48 26 22 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Anasco CaboRojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez. . . Sabana Grande San German The department 13,311 16,154 3,215 8,789 11,279 8,312 35,700 15,187 10,560 20, 246 127, 566 13, 248 16,069 3,190 8,752 11,168 8,150 34,658 U,298 10,528 20,124 125,887 45 36 20 18 90 93 563 ISh 14 67 18 49 6 19 21 69 479 W 18 55 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefiuelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 19,484 8,596 8,103 14,846 15,144 9,540 27,896 12,129 55,477 27,952 4,858 27,119 203, 191 19,229 8,495 8,088 14,804 15,071 9,461 27,728 12,066 53, 605 28, 352 4,813 26,841 200,201 178 52 15 22 84 23 771 647 17 112 76 49 1 18 34 46 1 1 84 40 1,101 S7S 28 166 NATIVITY BY SEX AND RACE. Table XI. — Nativity by sex and race. PORTO KICO. 187 Sex and race. Total. Porto Rico. Other West In- dies. Spanish America. United States. Spain. Other Europe. Other coun- tries. Total population 953, 243 939, 371 1,693 348 1,069 7,690 2,433 639 472, 261 480, 982 461, 993 477,378 906 787 165 183 788 281 6,333 1,357 1,627 806 449 Females 190 White 589,426 578,004 712 281 972 7,638 1,539 280 294,195 295,231 285, 299 292, 705 349 363 136 145 701 271 6,290 1,348 1,184 355 236 Females 44 363, 817 361, 367 981 67 97 52 894 359 178,066 185, 751 176, 694 184, 673 657 424 29 38 87 10 43 9 443 451 213 Females 146 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. Total 99,645 98,867 64 33 12 522 70 77 49,224 50,421 48, 609 50,258 43 21 17 16 7 5 419 103 67 3 62 Females 16 White 85,298 84,563 44 32 11 620 68 60 42,363 42,935 41, 776 42, 787 24 20 16 16 6 5 417 103 67 1 57 Females 3 Colored 14,347 14,304 20 1 1 2 2 17 6,861 7,486 6,833 7,471 19 1 1 1 2 5 2 12 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. Total 162,308 160, 765 49 38 23 1,254 121 58 80,901 81,407 79,728 81,037 32 17 25 13 14 9 970 284 . 86 35 46 Females 12 White 125,059 123,601 33 34 23 1,244 104 20 62,375 62,684 61,254 62,347 23 10 22 12 14 9 963 281 80 24 19 Females 1 37,249 37,164 16 4 10 17 38 18, 526 18,723 18,474 18, 690 9 7 3 1 7 3 6 11 27 11 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Total 160,046 155,306 563 105 680 2,700 471 221 78,229 81,817 74,719 80, 687 272 291 53 52 613 167 2,214 486 302 169 156 65 White 78,228 74,209 279 87 619 2,685 258 91 38,998 39,230 35,900 38,309 128 151 44 43 459 160 2,202 483 191 67 74 Females 17 Colored 81,818 81, 097 284 18 61 15 213 130 39,231 42,587 38, 819 42, 278 144 140 9 9 54 7 12 3 111 102 82 Females 48 188 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XI. — Nativity by sex and race — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. Sex and race. Total. Porto Eico. Other West In- dies. Spanish America. United States. Spain. Other Europe. Other coun- tries. Ill, 986 111,082 82 17 63 575 102 65 55, 216 56, 770 54,465 56, 617 56 26 7 10 49 14 516 59 79 23 44 Females 21 56, 805 56,041 29 13 49 570 74 29 28, 272 28,533 27, 619 28,422 15 14 5 8 35 14 511 59 61 13 26 Females 3 55, 181 55,041 63 4 14 5 28 36 26,944 28,237 26,846 28,195 41 12 2 2 11 5 18 10 18 18 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Total 88,501 87,263 662 13 19 348 236 61 43,984 44, 517 43, 109 44,154 345 217 5 8 13 6 307 41 166 69 39 Females 22 White 40, 805 40,245 78 9 17 346 96 14 Males Females 20,295 20,510 19,845 20,400 45 33 4 5 12 5 305 41 75 21 9 5 47,696 47,018 484 4 2 2 139 47 23,689 24,007 23,264 23,754 300 184 1 3 1 1 2 91 48 30 17 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGOEZ. Total 127, 566 125,887 146 66 88 946 391 42 62,750 64, 816 61, 579 64,308 57 89 26 40 55 33 771 175 239 152 23 Females 19 White 82,044 80,564 107 41 84 940 298 10 40,724 41,320 39, 625 40, 939 47 60 17 24 51 33 765 175 210 88 9 Females 1 46, 522 46,323 39 25 4 « 93 22,026 23, 496 21,954 23,369 10 29 9 16 4 t 29 64 Females 18 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 203, 191 200, 201 227 76 184 1,345 1,043 115 101, 957 101,234 99,784 100,417 101 126 32 44 137 47 1,136 209 688 355 79 36 Females White 121, 187 118, 781 142 65 169 1, 333 641 56 61,168 60, 019 59,280 59, 501 07 75 28 37 124 45 1,127 206 500 141 42 14 Females 82,004 81,420 85 11 15 12 402 59 40, 789 41,215 40, 504 40,916 34 61 4 7 13 2 9 3 188 214 37 22 Females NATIVITY BY SEX AND RACE. Table XI. — Nativity by sex and race — Continued. CITY OF MAYAGUEZ. 189 Sex and raee. Total. Porto Rico. Other West In- eies. Spanish America. United States. Spain. Other Europe. Other coun- tries. Total 15, 187 14,298 99 33 78 464 206 9 6,766 8,422 6,205 8,093 31 68 6 27 49 29 369 95 102 104 3 Females 6 White 9,088 8,334 70 19 76 459 129 1 4,294 4,794 3,773 4,561 24 46 4 15 -47 29 364 95 81 48 1 6,099 5,964 29 14 2 5 77 8 2,471 3,628 2,432 3,532 7 22 2 12 2 5 21 66 2 6 CITY OF PONCE. CITY OF SAN JUAN. 27,952 26, 332 174 51 129 647 561 58 13, 197 14, 755 12, 160 14, 172 70 104 22 29 91 38 514 133 304 267 36 Females 22 White 15,450 14,268 109 43 121 645 229 35 7,611 7,839 6,764 7,504 46 63 20 23 85 36 613 132 160 69 23 Females 12 12,502 12,064 65 8 8 2 332 23 5,586 6,916 6,396 6,668 24 41 2 6 6 2 1 1 144 188 13 Females 10 Total 32,048 28,622 435 78 631 1,780 350 152 15, 100 16,948 12, 599 16,023 211 224 44 34 476 165 1,439 341 226 125 106 Females 46 White 15,263 12,390 205 63 572 1,769 191 73 7,731 7,532 5,540 6,850 95 110 37 26 424 148 1,431 338 146 45 58 Females 15 16, 785 16,232 230 15 59 11 159 79 7,369 9,416 7,059 9,173 116 114 7 8 62 7 8 3 79 80 48 31 190 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XII. — Males 21 years of age and over, SUMMARY BY Whites born in Porto Rico. Whites born in Spain. Department. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 120,295 84,898 1,305 31, 779 2,313 5,662 644 37 4,586 395 Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez 17,497 25,195 14,645 11,508 8,328 17,611 25,511 13, 813 19,547 9,440 7,844 5,841 11,432 16, 981 158 238 221 123 80 174 311 3,459 5,233 4,487 3,338 2,187 6,307 7,768 67 177 497 203 220 698 451 412 887 1,862 481 287 697 1,036 64 191 148 26 14 79 122 1 8 17 4 1 1 5 331 658 1,567 427 228 524 851 16 30 130 24 44 93 58 SUMMARY BY Whites born in Porto Rico. Whites born in Spain. District. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Aguadilla 17, 497 13, 813 158 3,469 67 412 64 1 331 16 Aguada Aguadilla Isabela 1,863 2,808 2,617 3,867 2,264 1,085 2,993 1,566 1,950 2,024 3,107 1,863 933 2,370 29 19 32 23 15 14 26 264 815 656 721 382 135 586 4 24 5 16 4 3 11 25 94 47 173 11 9 53 4 12 18 20 1 20 77 28 146 9 8 43 1 5 1 7 1 1 Moca Rincon San Sebastian 9 1 25,195 19,547 238 5,233 177 887 191 8 658 30 Arecibo Barceloneta . . Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas . "Utuado 5,514 1,139 1,941 2,707 1,681 1,626 1,724 1,338 7,525 4,021 797 1,547 2,199 1,304 1,265 1,358 986 6,080 72 15 8 15 15 24 20 16 53 1,346 323 364 484 357 321 339 330 1,369 75 4 22 9 5 26 7 6 23 238 35 79 111 74 87 29 28 206 34 6 45 6 41 8 1 15 35 2 2 1 1 2 189 26 29 104 32 73 27 12 166 13 1 4 1 6 1 1 3 14, 645 9,440 221 4,487 497 1,862 148 17 1,567 130 Bayamon Carolina Corozal 1,981 910 1,283 218 1,087 1,200 987 1,014 2,613 990 200 574 506 1,182 1,419 652 1,000 121 825 995 692 639 588 747 95 402 364 901 22 16 20 2 16 18 15 11 63 11 2 7 6 12 509 232 261 89 226 180 261 333 1,652 224 99 146 128 247 31 10 2 6 20 7 19 31 310 8 4 19 8 22 175 68 40 21 43 22 44 129 1,177 17 30 22 12 62 481 19 5 2 146 59 39 12 33 19 38 110 998 14 29 20 7 43 10 2 1 2 5 2 2 10 88 2 2 4 Dorado 7 5 4 9 77. 3 1 1 14 Naranjito Rio Grande. . . Rio Piedras- . . Toa Alta Toa Baja TrujilloAlto.. Vega Alta Vega Baja 3 15 11, 608 7,844 123 3,338 203 26 4 427 24 Aguas Buenas Caguas Cayey 653 283 1,857 1,899 1,330 1,015 1,347 527 1,125 487 985 469 162 1,128 1,225 1,035 788 864 319 815 332 687 7 3 33 21 10 9 13 6 11 3 7 166 104 673 611 285 215 398 189 290 130 278 12 14 23 22 3 72 13 9 22 13 23 29 103 78 29 19 79 20 43 19 39 1 10 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 i 1 2 21 26 88 68 27 18 70 16 40 18 35 1 2 4 6 1 6 1 3 Comerio Guayama. . Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo.. CITIZENSHIP OF MALES OVEB TWENTY-ONE. 191 classified by place of birth, race, and literacy. DEPARTMENTS. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 2,104 158 11 1,519 416 73, 010 60,434 1,094 11, 315 167 106 136 703 103 123 270 663 11 16 23 9 31 24 44 76 85 542 61 58 165 532 19 34 136 33 33 79 82 2,685 7,741 16,946 10, 606 9,597 9,312 17,223 2,146 6,762 12,643 9,217 8,357 7,344 13,965 36 103 412 113 104 108 218 498 870 2,848 1,170 1,125 1,809 2,995 5 1 2 6 43 6 1 2 5 11 51 45 MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 106 11 76 19 2,685 2,146 36 498 5 5 65 5 31 5 40 1 22 297 795 357 480 250 171 335 248 567 302 407 200 157 266 1 21 3 2 3 1 5 48 204 61 71 46 13 65 1 4 4 14 3 1 6 1 7 3 7 1 2 136 16 1 85 34 7,741 6,762 103 870 6 54 5 7 4 3 11 3 2 47 5 1 1 1 30 4 3 4 3 3 1 2 35 18 2,372 871 190 808 351 1,189 403 148 1,409 2,031 763 161 750 320 1,023 363 123 1,228 31 16 5 4 3 24 310 91 23 64 28 141 40 24 159 2 3 1 1 2 7 1 1 20 6 6 2 703 23 2 542 136 15,946 12,643 412 2,848 43 31 4 4 2 3 2 20 3 4 2 2 9 1 1,970 1,381 699 550 1,379 312 1,330 1,624 3,593 517 594 426 728 843 1,666 1,222 636 497 1,176 288 1,151 1,429 1,771 476 489 396 663 783 34 29 9 4 36 1 17 25 218 4 21 2 8 4 266 129 53 48 166 23 161 169 1,673 37 83 28 56 56 4 1 1 1 1 1 9 29 609 3 3 2 6 25 471 1 3 1 4 119 1 1 17 2 2 31 1 3 3 2 3 1 1 103 9 61 33 10,506 9,217 113 1,170 6 3 6 14 22 1 1 2 4 13 11 812 656 2,040 1,106 211 671 1,249 1,203 535 724 l,39i) 749 510 1,824 942 195 528 987 1,076 478 613 1,316 9 13 24 13 54 132 192 150 16 43 234 115 53 104 77 2 1 6 1 5 1 1 21 2 2 28 4 16 1 1 10 3 5 26 12 3 7 6 2 1 1 1 17 1 1 1 192 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XII. — Males 21 years of age and over SUMMARY BY Whites born in Porto Rico. Whites born in Spain. District. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 8,328 5,841 80 2,187 220 287 14 1 228 44 Fajardo Humacao 1,951 1,236 404 1,264 1,095 815 572 991 1,361 729 261 1,020 851 587 352 680 13 10 3 8 13 10 12 11 546 383 133 207 226 211 204 277 31 114 7 29 5 7 4 23 52 89 11 24 19 21 40 31 2 2 1 42 58 9 21 18 20 32 28 7 29 2 2 1 1 2 Naguabo 1 Piedras Vieques Yabucoa 1 7 1 17, 611 11,432 174 5,307 698 697 79 1 624 93 Auasco Cabo Eojo Honnigueros , . 2,239 2,670 454 1,447 1,884 1,257 4,932 725 2,003 25,511 1,719 1,766 317 1,025 1,406 956 2,702 361 1,180 17 36 6 13 5 1 68 9 19 385 831 129 392 437 284 1,826 305 718 118 37 2 17 36 16 336 50 86 39 27 15 17 65 69 403 12 50 3 6 2 1 5 4 48 4 6 1 22 19 10 14 52 61 307 6 33 14 2 3 2 8 4 47 2 11 Marias Maricao Mayaguez Sabana Grande San German . . 16, 981 311 7,768 451 1,036 122 5 851 58 Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas . . Coamo Guayanilla . .. Juana Diaz ... Pefluelas 3,090 1,211 1,152 2,152 1,517 711 3,640 1,446 7,322 390 2,880 2,394 841 823 1,648 928 442 2,696 1,015 4,021 193 1,980 20 9 17 39 14 10 33 9 115 16 29 659 356 304 431 633 244 858 379 3,010 161 833 17 6 8 34 42 15 53 43 176 20 38 140 46 12 21 26 25 65 22 564 16 99 4 2 2 6 5 1 8 2 83 2 8 2 2 1 123 43 9 14 18 22 53 13 453 14 89 13 1 1 2 3 4 7 26 1 Santa Isabel -. CITIZENSHIP OP MALES OVER TWENTY-ONE. 193 Classified by place of birth, race, and literacy — Continued. MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS— Continued. Whites born in other countries. Colored. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read hut can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read hut can not write. Can read and write. With supe- rior educa- tion. 123 31 1 68 33 9,597 8,357 104 1,125 11 23 22 7 11 9 1 47 3 6 3 1 3 1 11 4 5 6 7 1 23 1 6 15 1 1 1 1,243 1,703 903 811 1,169 846 982 1,940 1,058 1,436 841 745 1,064 770 717 1,726 16 18 5 4 12 4 32 13 168 247 57 60 93 72 229 199 1 2 17 7 2 4 2 270 24 2 165 79 9,312 7,344 108 1,809 51 7 13 2 11 13 38 145 14 27 2 10 2 8 7 35 81 5 15 5 2 572 681 258 387 491 498 2,599 1,450 2,376 465 560 212 348 415 436 1,647 1,234 2,027 9 5 2 1 1 92 116 43 38 75 61 855 208 321 1 1 1 1 1 19 2 5 2 43 9 11 1 2 62 2 26 35 6 1 2 663 44 5 532 82 17, 223 13, 965 218 2,995 45 64 32 3 2 59 27 2 2 866 577 435 713 1,390 1,298 2,138 959 5,402 684 2,761 787 493 406 634 1,143 1,132 1,892 828 3,761 562 2,327 2 1 73 83 28 68 224 161 222 119 1,498 109 410 4 1 1 7 21 27 60 23 325 8 106 7 13 25 37 13 251 4 96 11 19 4 20 3 122 12 24 1 2 7 1 22 7 6 9 49 4 3 4 1 4 9 3 21 1 6 1 8490—00- -13 194 EEPOKT ON THE CENSUS OF POETO BICO, 1899. Table XIII. — Conjugal condition. POETO EICO. Department. Total. Single. Married. Living to- gether as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 99,645 162, 308 160, 046 111, 986 88, 501 127, 566 203, 191 68,257 111, 162 114, 476 78,285 61, 739 87, 294 142, 864 20, 674 31, 027 24,346 17,031 11,962 - 22,573 30, 957 5,385 11,840 13, 989 11,608 10, 908 10,428 20,083 5,286 8,249 7,204 5,054 3,825 7,180 9,254 43 30 31 8 67 91 33 953, 243 664,077 158,570 84,241 46,052 303 DEPAETMENT OF AGUADILLA. District. Total. Single. Married. Living to- gether as nusband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 10, 581 17,830 14,888 20,883 12,410 6,641 16, 412 7,060 12, 157 10, 465 14, 369 8,391 4,613 11,202 2,418 3,666 2,893 4,067 2,864 1,425 3,441 474 1,189 850 1,381 453 250 788 622 916 678 1,051 702 363 964 7 2 15 The department 99,645 68, 2^7 20, 674 5,385 5,286 43 DEPAETMENT OF AEECIBO. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 36,910 9,357 10,887 18, 115 10,449 13, 989 11, 309 7,432 43, 860 162,308 25,695 6,415 7,675 12,412 7,289 9,599 7,812 4,962 29,403 111, 162 5,671 1,755 2,412 3,435 2,165 2,407 2,444 1,879 31,027 3,729 737 324 1,334 526 1,273 494 162 3,261 11,840 1,810 448 576 931 469 709 558 429 2,319 1,249 DEPAETMENT OF BAYAMON. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande Rio Picdras San Juan ToaAlta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 19, 940 11, 965 11, 508 3,804 12,522 8,101 12, 365 13, 760 32,048 7,908 4,030 5,683 6,107 10, 305 160,046 13, 912 8,643 8,117 2,672 9,050 5,854 9,207 9,675 22,847 5,777 2,939 4,128 4,332 7,323 114,476 3,091 1,601 2,541 471 1,657 1,577 1,669 1,950 4,594 1,258 485 945 920 1,587 24,346 1,945 1,330 284 483 1,434 284 1,072 1,499 2,801 487 471 410 576 913 13, 989 385 566 178 380 375 416 635 1,804 386 135 200 279 482 7,204 CONJUGAL CONDITION. Table XIII. — Conjugal condition — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. 195 District. Total. Single. Married. Living to- gether as husband and wile by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Aguas Buenas — Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra ----- Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 7,977 4,867 19,867 14,442 7,552 8,249 12,749 8,700 8,429 5, 731 13,433 5,654 3,445 13,874 9,918 5,170 5,841 8,709 6,171 5,879 4,025 9,599 1,429 614 3,096 2,002 1,425 1,341 1,452 1,407 1,172 720 2,373 511 623 1,830 1,816 518 720 2,125 770 984 860 851 111,986 78,285 •17,031 185 1,053 706 437 3-16 463 352 393 126 610 5,054 DEPARTMENT OP HDMACAO. 16,782 14, 313 6,221 10,873 11,163 8,602 6,642 13,905 11, 982 9,862 4,301 7,756 7,731 6,079 4,639 9,489 2,235 1,789 804 1,769 1,436 1,309 688 1,932 1,848 1,964 834 841 1,544 848 1,185 1,844 716 673 281 487 451 366 230 621 1 25 1 20 1 19 The department 88,501 61,739 11,962 10,908 3,825 67 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. 13, 311 16,154 3,215 8,789 11,279 8,312 35, 700 15, 187 10, 560 20, 246 8,949 11, 166 2,155 6,234 7,655 5,631 24,383 10, 561 7,280 13, 841 2,377 2,849 578 1,630 1,885 1,333 5,393 2,360 4,168 1,205 1,225 270 491 1,213 949 3,781 1,1*10 373 921 778 913 211 433 520 399 2,098 99S 521 1,307 2 1 1 1 6 45 2 26 9 The department 127,566 87,294 22,573 10,428 7,180 91 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 19,484 8,596 8,103 14,845 15,144 9,540 27,896 12, 129 55, 477 07,952 4,858 27, 119 13,569 6,158 5,597 10, 369 10,741 6,506 19, 687 8,535 39,725 19, 986 3,371 18, 606 3,535 1,534 1,933 3,154 2,472 1,337 3,288 1,816 7,159 S,918 665 4,064 1,310 616 170 669 1,325 1,288 3,957 1,269 5,842 2,W 641 3,096 1,061 383 402 652 601 409 961 509 2,745 1,615 180 1,351 9 5 1 1 5 3 6 6 Santa Isabel 1 Yauco 2 The department 203,191 142,864 30,957 20,083 9,254 33 196 EEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF P )ETO RICO, 1899. Table XIV. — Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and nativity. PORTO EICO. Race, sex, and nativity. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 953,243 664,077 158,570 84,241 46,052 303 472, 261 480, 982 339, 316 324, 761 78,689 79,881 42,071 42, 170 12,023 34,029 162 141 578, 009 396, 654 110,208 40, 593 30,355 199 285, 303 292, 706 204, 090 192, 564 53, 089 57, 119 20,250 20, 343 ' 7,773 22,582 101 98 11,417 5,119 4,540 807 941 10 8,892 2.525 4,115 1,004 3,534 1,006 762 45 472 469 9 1 363, 817 262, 304 43, 822 42,841 14,756 94 178, 066 185, 751 131,111 131, 193 22,066 21,756 21,059 21,782 3,778 10,978 52 42 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. 99,645 68, 257 20, 674 5,385 5,286 43 49,224 50,421 34, 799 33,458 10, 295 10, 379 2,689 2,696 1,415 3,871 26 84,563 57,325 18, 423 4,091 4,682 41, 776 42, 787 29, 464 27,861 9,011 9,412 2,038 2,053 1,238 3,444 25 735 295 343 38 59 587 148 248 47 272 71 34 4 33 26 14, 347 10,637 1,908 1,256 545 6,861 7,486 5,087 5,550 1,012 896 617 639 144 401 162, 308 111,162 31,027 11,840 8,249 30 80, 901 81,407 57,446 53,716 15,335 15, 692 5,922 5,918 2,185 6,064 13 17 123, 601 84,395 25,035 7,746 6,405 20 61,251 02, 347 43, 762 40,633 12,050 12,985 3,780 3,966 1,654 4,751 8 12 1, 458 559 678 86 134 1 1,121 337 453 106 516 162 82 4 69 65 1 37, 249 26, 208 5, 31-T 4,008" 1,71b 7 9 18, 526 18, 723 13, 231 12,977 2,769 2,545 2,060 1, 948 462 1,248 4 5 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 197 Table XIV. — Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP BAYAMON. Race, sex, and nativity. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. All classes Males Females ... Native white . . Males Females ... Foreign white . Males Females ... Colored Males Females ... 160, 046 78,229 81, 817 74, 210 35,901 38,309 4,018 3,097 921 81,818 39,231 42,587 114,476 24,346 13,989 57, 503 56, 973 12,087 12,259 6,969 7,020 52, 155 13,806 4,491 26, 338 25, 817 6,511 7,295 2,210 2,281 1,429 1,693 414 1,075 364 226 60, 214 9,111 9,263 29, 472 30,742 4,501 4,610 4,533 4,730 7,204 1,652 6,552 3,734 101 144 723 2,502 31 18 13 14 10 DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. 111,986 78,285 17,031 11,608 5,054 8 55, 216 56, 770 39, 651 38, 634 8,436 8,595 5,795 5,813 1,331 3,723 3 5 56,041 38,517 9,867 4,832 2,821 4 27, 619 28,422 19, 648 18, 869 4,760 5,107 2,474 2,358 736 2,085 1 3 764 286 342 63 72 1 653 111 249 37 297 45 58 5 48 24 1 55,181 39,482 6,822 6,713 2,161 3 26,944 28,237 19,754 19,728 3,379 3,443 3,263 3,450 547 1,614 1 2 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 88,501 61, 739 11, 962 10, 908 3,825 67 43,984 44,617 31,587 30, 152 5,939 6,023 5,446 5,462 976 2,849 36 31 40,246 27,647 6,661 3,846 2,058 34 19,846 20,400 14,184 13,463 3,200 3,461 1,942 1,904 502 1,556 18 16 559 207 221 63 68 449 110 169 38 185 36 56 7 39 29 Colored 47, 696 33, 885 5,080 6,999 1,699 33 23,689 24,007 17,234 16, 651 2,554 2,526 3,448 3,551 435 1,264 18 Females 15 198 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XIV. — Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Race, sex, and nativity. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 127, 566 87,294 22,673 10,428 7,180 91 62, 750 64,816 44,484 42, 810 11, 190 11,383 5,206 5,222 1,826 5,354 44 80,564 54,172 15, 613 5,938 4,787 39, 625 40, 939 27, 943 26, 229 7,553 8,060 2,929 3,009 1,176 3,611 1,480 612 601 125 141 1,099 381 454 158 460 141 117 8 68 73 1 45, 522 32, 510 6,359 4,365 2,252 36 22, 026 23,496 16, 087 16,423 3,177 3,182 2,160 2,205 582 1,670 16 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 203, 191 142, 864 30, 957 20, 083 9,254 33 101, 957 101,234 73,846 69,018 15, 407 15, 550 10,044 10, 039 2,638 6,616 22 11 118,784 82,443 20, 803 9,649 5,868 21 59, 282 59, 502 42, 751 39, 692 10,004 10, 799 4,877 4,772 1,639 4,229 11 10 2,403 1,053 926 197 222 5 1,886 517 849 204 729 197 189 8 114 108 5 82,004 59, 368 9,228 10,237 3,164 7 40,789 41,215 30,246 29,122 4,674 4,554 4,978 5,259 886 2,279 6 1 Females CITY OF MAYAGUEZ. 15, 187 10, 561 2,222 1,410 992 2 Males 6,765 8,422 4,806 5,766 1,089 1,133 702 708 168 824 2 Native white 8,334 5,713 1,396 609 616 3,773 4,561 2,750 2,963 631 765 299 310 93 523 Females 754 349 284 67 63 1 Males 521 233 244 105 201 83 50 7 26 37 1 6, 099 4,499 542 744 313 1 2, 471 3,628 1,812 2, (JK7 257 285 353 391 49 •264 CONJUGAL CONDITION. Table XIV. — Conjugal condition, by race, sex, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF PONCE. 199 Race, sex, and nativity. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 27, 952 19, 986 3,918 2,427 1,615 13, 197 14,755 9,674 10,312 1,966 1,952 1,212 1,215 339 1,276 6 14,268 10, 060 2,305 957 946 6,764 7,504 5,049 5,011 1,065 1,240 482 475 168 778 1,182 540 451 «2 125 847 335 397 143 335 116 56 6 55 70 12, 502 9,386 1,162 1,408 544 5,586 6,916 4,228 5,158 566 596 674 734 116 428 CITY OF SAN JUAN. 32,048 22,847 4,594 2,801 1,804 15, 100 16,948 11, 088 11, 759 2,313 2,281 1,397 1,404 301 1,503 12, 391 8,820 2,095 676 799 5,541 6,850 4,222 4,598 902 1,193 308 368 109 690 Females 1 2,872 1,612 956 147 156 2,190 682 1,290 322 699 257 139 8 61 95 1 16,785 12,415 1,543 1,978 849 7,369 9,416 5,576 6,839 712 831 950 1,028 131 718 200 EEPOET ON THE CENSUS OP POETO EICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity. POETO EICO. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 953,243 664,077 158, 570 84,241 46, 052 303 418, 302 64,494 38,654 29, 740 68, 736 84,265 64,317 91,802 59,268 33,716 19,950 418, 008 52, 785 34,043 22,898 37,858 36,576 19,758 20,978 11,505 5,936 3,732 43 816 2,343 3,232 11,568 26,677 25, 935 41,215 26, 717 13,808 6,216 101 837 2,195 3,458 8,807 19, 167 15,706 20,690 9,014 3,220 1,056 21 31 69 140 478 1,834 2,900 8,897 12,013 10,742 8,937 129 26 14 12 24 21 18 22 19 10 65 years and over 9 Total 472,261 339,316 78,689 42,071 12,023 162 214, 806 24,806 18, 113 13, 465 28,199 39, 469 31,365 46,430 29, 578 16,758 9,272 214, 709 24, 661 17, 551 12, 171 21,780 20,158 10,119 10,040 4,807 2,123 1,197 9 34 190 467 3,177 10,470 12, 593 22,084 15,788 9,277 4,600 11 86 354 784 3,123 8,354 7,893 12, 110 6,075 2,417 864 12 13 8 33 107 473 749 2,188 2,896 2,936 2,608 65 12 10 10 12 14 U 8 45 to 64 years 12 5 65 years and over 3 480, 982 324, 761 79,881 42,170 34,029 141 203,496 29,688 20,541 16,275 30,536 44, 796 32, 952 45,372 29,690 16,958 10, 678 203, 299 28,124 16, 492 10, 727 16, 078 16,418 9,639 10,938 6,698 3,813 2,535 34 782 2,153 2,765 8,391 16, 207 13, 342 19, 131 10,929 4,631 1,616 90 751 1,841 2,674 5,684 10, 803 7,813 8,580 2,939 803 192 9 18 51 107 371 1,361 2,151 6,709 9,117 7,806 6,329 64 13 4 2 7 7 14 7 5 65 years and over 6 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 201 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. PORTO RlCO-^Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Onknown. Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 578,009 396, 654 110,208 40, 593 255, 577 33,290 23,510 17,947 36,036 50, 909 39, 317 55, 047 34,724 19,907 11, 745 255,377 32, 266 20, 648 13, 693 22,812 20, 891 10,728 10,742 5,366 2,634 1,497 31 557 1,676 2,338 8,494 19,250 18,629 28,656 17, 611 8,949 4,017 57 440 1,144 1,812 4,385 9,460 7,922 9,721 3,985 1,268 30,355 15 35 101 330 1,294 2,029 5,914 7,749 7,052 5,827 199 103 12 7 3 15 14 9 14 13 4 5 Native White Males. 285, 303 204,090 53, 089 20,250 7,773 101 131, 168 14, 960 10, 902 7,975 17,239 23,726 19, 155 27, 790 17,262 9,753 5,383 131,098 14,886 10,587 7,286 13, 412 11, 825 5,723 5,427 2,372 993 481 6 21 124 293 2,236 7,414 8,841 15, 039 10,281 5,904 2,931 5 40 181 371 1,500 4,137 4,068 5,871 2,769 982 326 5 6 6 23 87 341 519 1,448 1,822 1,872 1,644 54 7 4 2 5 25 to 29 years 9 4 5 8 2 65 years and over 1 Native White Females. Total 292,706 192, 564 57, 119 20, 343 22, 582 98 124,409 18, 330 12, 608 9,972 18, 797 27, 183 20,162 27,257 17,472 10,154 6,362 124,279 17, 380 10,061 6,407 9,400 9,066 5,005 5,315 2,994 1,641 1,016 25 536 1,552 2,045 6,259 11,836 9,788 13,617 7,330 3,045 1,086 52 400 963 1,441 2,885 5,323 3,854 3,850 1,216 286 73 4 9 29 78 243 953 1,510 4,466 5,927 5,180 4,183 49 5 3 1 10 26 to 29 years 5 SO to 34 years 5 9 5 2 4 202 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV.— Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 11,417 5,119 4,540 807 941 10 651 343 410 239 1,022 1,547 1,411 2,535 1,728 918 613 651 336 383 210 823 942 613 653 309 124 76 6 26 20 149 473 629 1,497 1,035 486 219 1 1 8 47 111 134 242 156 74 33 1 3 19 34 141 226 233 284 2 1 2 2 1 65 years and over 2 Foreign White Males. Total 8,892 4,115 3,534 762 472 9 344 271 326 188 825 1,252 1,142 2,047 1,372 701 424 344 269 323 177 724 848 538 519 231 89 53 15 to 17 years 1 2 4 56 294 460 1,219 878 423 197 1 1 7 44 102 124 231 148 71 33 1 6 19 76 113 117 140 2 1 35 to 44 years 2 2 1 65 years and over 1 Foreign White Females. Total 2,525 1,004 1,006 45 469 1 307 72 84 51 197 295 269 488 356 217 189 307 67 60 33 99 94 75 134 78 35 22 5 24 16 93 179 169 278 157 63 22 1 3 9 10 11 8 3' 1 2 13 15 65 113 116 144 1 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 203 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married, Living together as busband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 363,817 262,304 43, 822 42,841 14,756 94 162,074 20,861 14,734 11, 554 21,677 31, 809 23,589 84, 220 22, 816 12, 891 7,592 161,980 20,183 13,012 8,995 14,223 14,743 8,417 9,583 5,830 3,178 2,160 12 253 641 874 2,925 6,954 6,677 11, 062 8,071 4,373 1,980 44 396 1,050 1,638 4,375 9,586 7,660 10, 727 4,873 1,878 624 12 16 24 38 145 521 837 2,842 4,038 3,457 2,826 26 13 7 9 9 5 8 6 4 5 66 years and over 2 Colored Males. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 178,066 83,294 9,575 6,885 5,302 10,135 14,491 11,068 16, 593 10,954 6,304 3,465 131, 111 83, 267 9,506 6,641 4,708 7,644 7,485 3,858 4,094 2,204 1,041 663 22,066 170 886 2,762 3,292 5,826 4,629 2,950 1,472 21,059 6 45 172 406 1,579 4,115 3,701 6,008 3,158 1,364 505 3,778 7 7 2 10 19 126 211 664 961 947 824 11 5 6 Colored Females. Total Under 16 years... 16 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 185, 751 131,193 78,780 78, 713 11,286 10, 677 7,849 6,371 6,252 4,287 11,542 6,579 17,318 7,268 12,521 4,559 17,627 5,489 11 862 3,626 6,587 2,137 4,127 1,497 21,756 241 577 704 2,039 4,192 3,385 5,236 3,442 1,423 508 351 878 1,232 2,796 5,471 3,949 4,719 1,715 514 119 6 9 22 28 r.v, 395 626 2,178 3,077 2,510 2,002 15 8 1 1 2 2 2 5 2 204 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband* and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total. 99,645 68,257 20,674 5,385 5,286 43 44, 275 5,662 3,910 3,045 5,848 8,424 6,795 9,572 6,211 3,679 2,224 44,245 5,521 3,520 2,433 3,788 3,378 1,815 1,804 937 514 302 4 97 278 424 1,502 3,630 3,504 5,406 3,358 1,718 753 1 39 108 162 507 1,196 1,101 1,359 605 223 84 4 1 2 26 46 217 371 1,001 1,309 1,224 1,085 21 4 18 and 19 years 2 5 25 to 29 years 3 4 35 to 44 years. 2 2 55 to 64 years Males. Total 49,224 34,799 10, 295 2,689 1,415 26 Under 15 years 22,758 2,611 1,808 1,347 2,789 3,786 3,309 4,846 3,096 1,823 1,051 22,744 2,600 1,766 1,276 2,197 1,860 925 844 336 159 92 1 6 30 49 410 1,376 1,731 2,914 2,062 1,155 661 1 12 3 10 20 167 478 542 833 403 162 71 2 2 12 69 110 253 294 347 327 21 to 24 years 3 30 to 34 years 1 2 45 to 54 years 1 Total 50,421 33,458 10,379 2,696 3,871 17 21,517 3,051 2,102 1,698 3,059 4,638 3,486 4,726 3,115 1,856 1,173 21, 601 2,921 1,754 1,157 1,591 1,518 890 960 601 355 210 3 91 248 375 1,092 2,264 1,773 2,492 1,296 563 192 1 36 98 142 340 718 3 1 2 24 34 148 9 15 to 17 years 2 526 1 748 61 13 877 758 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 205 Tablb XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under 15 years . . , 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years.. 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 3u to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 84,563 57,325 18,423 37, 694 4,720 3,240 2,594 4,897 7,171 5,890 8,205 5,255 3,063 1,834 37, 666 4,592 2,906 2,051 3,100 2,775 1,494 1,432 730 374 205 4 91 243 391 1,356 3,278 3,185 4,844 2,937 1,462 1 32 87 127 395 927 860 144 55 4,682 2 1 2 25 42 188 347 897 1,153 1,083 942 42 21 4 2 Native White Males. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 vears 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 41, 776 19,490 2,145 1,501 1,143 2,316 3,205 2,859 4,144 2,622 1,510 841 29,464 19,477 2,137 1,463 1,082 1,819 1,541 774 706 277 124 64 9,011 1 5 26 45 360 1,226 1,551 2,566 1,789 980 462 2,038 1 10 14 123 374 427 642 293 109 45 1,238 2 12 61 106 228 262 297 270 25 12 2 2 Native White Females. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 42,787 18,204 18,189 3 2,575 2,455 86 1,739 1,443 217 1,451 969 346 2,581 1,281 996 3,966 1,234 2,052 3,031 720 1,634 4,061 726 2,278 2,633 453 1,148 1,553 250 482 993 141 170 2,053 1 31 77 113 272 553 140 35 10 2 1 2 23 30 127 241 669 891 7X1', 672 206 EEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO KICO. 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 735 295 343 38 59 34 18 26 17 70 115 77 165 99 67 47 34 18 22 17 60 66 32 31 8 6 1 4 10 47 37 110 76 43 16 1 7 12 9 4 5 1 1 12 6 14 25 65 years and over Foreign White Males. Total 587 248 272 34 33 18 15 21 15 50 91 67 142 83 49 36 18 15 21 15 48 62 28 28 7 5 1 2 27 32 97 66 34 14 25 to 29 years 1 6 10 8 4 5 1 1 7 2 6 16 30 to 34 years 45 to 54 years 65 years and over Foeeign White Females. Total 148 47 71 4 26 16 3 5 2 20 24 10 23 16 18 11 16 3 1 2 12 4 4 3 1 1 15 to 17 years 4 21 to 24 years 8 20 6 13 10 9 2 30 to 34 years 1 2 1 5 4 8 9 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years CONJUGAL CONDITION. 207 Table XV.- -Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA— Continued. Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 14,347 10,637 1,908 1,256 546 1 6,547 924 644 434 881 1,138 828 1,202 867 649 343 6,545 911 692 366 628 637 289 341 199 134 96 2 6 31 33 136 305 282 452 345 213 105 7 21 35 112 268 234 317 163 75 24 1 4 28 23 92 150 127 118 1 Colored Males. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years'. 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,861 3,250 451 286 189 423 490 383 560 391 264 174 5,087 3,249 448 282 179 330 257 123 110 52 30 27 1,012 1 4 4 48 123 148 251 207 141 617 6 44 103 109 181 102 49 21 Colored Females. Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,297 473 358 245 458 648 445 642 466 285 169 6,550 3,296 463 310 186 298 280 166 231 147 104 69 6 27 29 88 182 134 201 138 72 20 5 21 29 68 165 126 136 61 26 1 4 21 20 74 120 83 77 208 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV.— Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AEECIBO. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 162,308 Ill, 162 31,027 11,840 8,249 30 72, 981 9,220 6,474 5,285 9,602 14, 374 11,174 15,617 9,452 5,191 2,938 72, 958 8,946 5,700 4,075 6,005 5,562 2,832 2,703 1,345 667 369 9 151 448 639 2,214 5,499 5,410 8,332 4,855 2,380 1,090 5 114 311 543 1,272 2,888 2,310 2,835 1,121 324 117 6 8 15 25 106 422 618 1,746 2,126 1,817 1,361 3 1 3 5 3 4 2 5 65 years and over 1 80, 901 57,446 15,335 5,922 2,185 13 37,489 4,078 2,952 2,423 4,672 6,927 5,575 8,067 4,802 2,609 1,407 37, 481 4,064 2,892 2,237 3,573 3,379 1,533 1,357 574 229 127 2 7 25 74 555 2,156 2,642 4,528 2,914 1,634 798 4 3 1 4 31 115 175 470 516 488 378 4 34 106 411 1,276 1,222 1,712 795 258 104 Total 81,407 53, 716 15, 692 5,918 6,064 17 35,492 5,142 3,522 2,862 5,030 7,447 5,599 7,550 4,650 2,582 1,531 35, 477 4,882 2,808 1,838 2,432 2,183 1,299 1,346 771 438 212 7 144 423 565 1,659 3,343 2,768 3,804 1,941 746 292 5 110 277 437 861 1,612 1,088 1,123 326 66 13 2 5 14 21 75 307 443 1,275 1,610 1,329 983 30 to 34 years 1 65 years and over 1 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 209 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AEECIBO— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 123,601 84, 395 25,035 7,746 6,405 20 66, 369 6,973 4,898 4,013 7,348 10,798 8,620 11,729 6, 972 3,828 2,153 56,353 6,764 4,304 3,056 4,535 4,039 2,008 1,849' 861 416 210 7 122 371 545 1,859 4,528 4,476 6,682 3,799 1,812 834 4 80 212 392 860 1,888 1,532 1,838 700 185 55 4 7 11 19 90 340 502 1,358 1,608 1,413 1,053 18 »nd 19 years 65 years and over 1 Native White Males. Total Under 15.years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 61,254 "28,960 3,046 2,238 1,815 3,468 5,122 4,209 6,981 3,532 1,897 43, 762 28,955 3,034 2,197 1,685 2,718 2,481 1,132 960 392 139 69 12,050 1 6 17 65 448 1,743 2,139 3,551 2,260 1,229 601 3,780 23 72 271 803 798 1,112 496 153 49 1,654 29 94 138 358 382 376 267 Native White Females. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 51 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 62, 347 27,409 3,927 2,660 2,198 3,880 5,676 4,311 5,748 3,440 1,931 1,167 40, 633 27, 398 •3,730 2,107 1,371 1,817 1,558 876 889 469 277 141 12, 985 6 116 354 490 1,411 2,785 2,337 3,131 1,539 583 233 :,966 4 77 189 320 589 1,085 734 726 204 32 6 4,751 10 16 61 246 364 1,000 1,226 1,037 786 12 8490—00 14 210 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV.— Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AKECIBO— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 1,458 559 678 86 134 1 48 34 40 35 142 179 147 339 251 131 112 48 33 40 33 122 112 63 60 28 13 7 1 1 12 58 69 232 167 87 51 1 8 7 11 26 21 5 7 2 4 21 34 26 47 1 65 years and over Foreign White Males. Total 1,121 453 516 82 69 1 26 21 27 24 122 141 125 269 186 104 76 26 20 27 24 108 101 60 53 20 10 4 1 20 years 6 32 54 176 131 73 43 8 7 10 26 19 5 7 1 1 14 15 16 22 45 to 54 years 1 65 years and over Foreign White Females. Total 337 106 162 4 65 22 13 13 11 20 38 22 70 65 27 36 22 13 13 9 14 11 3 7 8 3 3 1 6 26 15 56 36 14 8 1 25 to 29 years 1 3 7 19 10 25 1 2 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 211 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued DEPARTMENT OP ARECIBO— Continued. Coloeed, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 37,249 ■26,208 5,314 16,564 16, 557 2,213 2,149 1,536 1,356 1,237 986 2,112 1,348 3,397 1,411 2,507 761 3,549 794 2,229 456 1,232 238 673 152 2 28 77 93 343 913 865 1,418 889 481 205 1 34 99 150 404 993 707 971 ■100 134 55 1,710 2 1 4 6 16 SO 112 366 484 Colored Males. Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 18,526 8,503 1,011 687 584 982 1,664 1,241 1,817 1,084 608 345 500 1 010 668 8 528 19 747 101 797 381 341 449 344 801 162 523 K0 332 54 154 2,060 1 11 34 132 466 414 574 280 100 48 1 2 20 36 98 119 96 Coloeed Females. Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 18, 723 8,061 8,057 1,202 1,139 849 688 653 458 1,130 601 1,733 614 1,266 420 1,732 450 1,145 294 624 158 1 28 60 74 242 532 410 617 360 149 51 116 272 527 353 897 120 34 7 1 1 4 5 14 60 76 20X 365 282 172 212 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XY.— Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together aa husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 160,046 114, 476 24, 346 13, 989 7,204 31 69,765 9,310 6,490 4,653 10, 277 ■ 14,370 10,588 15, 332 9,749 5,908 3,604 69,731 9,089 5,869 3,748 7,040 6,973 3,762 4,086 2,191 1,217 770 9 127 300 427 1,709 4,052 3,846 6,326 4,173 2,294 1,083 2 84 305 467 1,452 3,070 2,584 3,577 1,554 662 232 4 8 16 11 76 271 395 1,343 1,829 1,734 1,517 19 2 4 1 2 1 65 years and over 2 Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 78,229 35,516 4,318 3,100 2,139 4,825 6,673 5,003 7,543 4,749 2,795 1,568 57,503 35,601 4,304 3,028 1,948 3,854 3,704 1,830 1,843 878 379 234 28 68 469 1,586 1,844 3,344 2,447 1,506 791 7 43 118 484 1,314 1,240 2,054 1,023 • 498 1S8 1,652 2 4 1 5 18 67 89 302 399 411 354 18 12 Females. Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 81,817 34,249 4,992 3,390 2,514 5,452 7,697 5,585 7,789 5,000 3,113 2,036 66, 973 34,230 4,785 2,841 1,800 3,186 3,2t>9 1,932 2,243 1,313 838 536 12,259 8 124 272 359 1,2,0 2,466 2,002 2,982 1,726 788 292 7,020 2 77 262 349 968 1,756 1,344 1,523 531 164 44 5,552 2 4 15 6 58 204 306 1,041 1,430 1,323 1,163 13 7 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 213 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 74,210 52,155 13, 806 4,491 3,734 33,230 4,411 3,008 2,102 4,796 6,497 4,795 6,779 4,263 2,709 1,620 33,208 4,296 2,693 1,643 3,174 2,853 1,436 1,493 715 394 250 4 77 180 278 1,090 2,485 2,277 3,472 2,195 1,205 543 1 35 131 177 484 986 853 1,120 461 180 63 1 1 4 4 48 170 228 694 891 930 763 18 and 19 years 21 to 24 years 3 36 to 44 years 65 years and over 1 Native White Males. Native White Females. Total 35,901 26,338 6,511 2,210 828 16, 931 1,995 1,396 933 2,227 2,966 2,204 3,289 2,026 1,254 680 16,918 1,991 1,366 843 1,770 1,550 714 697 291 125 73 1 2 14 39 284 943 1,055 1,774 1,236 773 390 1 1 15 to 17 years 1 16 48 159 431 387 662 313 142 51 18 and 19 years 20 years 3 14 40 48 156 186 214 166 21 to 24 years 30 to 34 years 2 35 to 44 years 65 years and over Total 38,309 25, 817 7,295 2,281 2,906 16,299 2,416 1,612 1,169 2,569 3,531 2,591 3,490 2,237 1,465 940 16, 290 2,305 1,327 800 1,404 1,303 722 796 424 269 177 3 75 166 239 806 1,642 1,222 1,698 959 432 153 1 34 115 129 325 555 466 458 148 38 12 18 and 19 years 4 1 34 130 180 538 706 716 697 20 years 21 to 24 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 55 to 64 years 1 214 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP BAYAMON— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together aa husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 4,018 2,107 1,429 235 245 2 288 162 206 95 392 579 542 888 489 241 136 2KH 161 1 195 . 11 84 8 3 15 44 48 71 33 17 4 314 371 270 269 95 35 25 63 161 216 505 295 123 46 3 8 43 66 65 60 1 65 years and over 1 Foreign White Males. Total 3,097 1,693 1,075 226 101 2 147 135 147 135 171 75 287 338 236 202 65 22 15 172 79 1 1 20 97 158 400 246 111 41 3 14 42 45 69 32 17 4 21 to 24 years 321 477 443 691 369 178 85 30 to 34 years 4 20 26 27 24 1 65 years and over 1 Foreign White Females. Total 921 414 354 9 144 141 27 34 16 71 141 26 24 9 27 33 34 67 30 13 10 1 10 7 43 64 68 105 49 12 5 21 to 24 years 1 2 3 2 1 25 to 29 years i 102 3 4 23 40 38 36 30 to 34 years 99 2^ to 44 years 197 120 63 51 45 to 54 years 65 years and over CONJUGAL CONDITION. 215 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 84 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 81, 818 60, 214 9,111 ), 263 36,247 4,737 3,276 2,456 5,089 7,294 5,251 7,665 4,997 2,958 1,848 36, 235 4,632 2,981 2,021 3,552 3,749 2,056 2,324 1,381 788 5 49 109 141 556 1,406 1,353 2,349 1,683 966 494 174 287 953 2,040 1,683 2,386 1,060 465 165 :,225 3 7 12 7 28 98 159 606 872 739 694 Colored Males. Total 39,231 29,472 4,501 4,533 723 2 18,438 2,188 1,532 1,127 2,277 3,230 2,356 3,563 2,354 1,363 803 18,436 2,178 1,491 1,030 1,797 1,816 880 944 522 232 146 1 3 1 2 4 27 37 126 188 170 164 1 1 13 28 165 546 631 1,170 965 622 360 6 27 67 311 841 808 1,323 678 339 133 25 to 29 years 1 Colored Females. Total 42,587 30,742 4,610 4,730 2,502 3 17, 809 2,549 1,744 1,329 2,812 4,064 2,895 4,102 2,643 1,595 1,045 17, 799 2,454 1,490 991 1,755 1,933 1,176 1,380 859 556 349 5 48 96 113 391 860 722 1,179 718 344 134 1 43 147 220 642 1,199 875 1,063 382 126 32 2 4 11 5 24 71 122 480 684 569 530 2 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 1 35 to 44 years 216 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV.— Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 111,986 78,285 17,031 11,608 5,054 8 51,016 6,195 4,468 3,526 6,537 9,764 7,364 10,367 6,677 3,879 2,203 50,988 5,970 3,823 2,641 3,988 4,063 2,221 2,306 1,195 655 435 5 74 264 356 1,254 2,813 2,730 4,336 2,938 1,598 663 23 150 377 516 1,248 2,726 2,113 2,770 1,156 413 116 1 4 13 45 161 299 942 1,388 1,212 989 2 1 1 3 1 65 years and over Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 65,216 26,216 2,806 2,028 1,568 3,063 4,430 3,558 6,231 3,332 1,966 1,018 39,651 26,215 2,780 1,927 1,363 2,223 2,108 1,106 1,082 493 223 131 8,436 13 59 354 1,118 1,328 2,294 1,691 1,083 492 5,795 22 86 144 474 1,169 1,053 1,640 801 31* 1,331 1 2 2 11 35 71 214 347 341 307 Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 56,770 24,800 3,389 2,440 1,958 3,474 5,334 3,806 5,126 3,345 1,913 1,185 38,634 24, 773 3,190 1,896 1,278 1,765 1,955 1,115 1,224 702 432 8,595 4 71 251 297 900 1,695 1,402 2,042 1,247 515 171 5,813 2: : ; 128 291 372 774 1,557 1,060 1,130 355 95 28 2 11 34 126 228 728 1,041 871 682 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 217 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together aa husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 66,041 38, 517 9,867 4,832 2,821 4 26,186 3,150 2,276 1,737 3,410 4,915 3,703 5,227 3,331 1,967 1,139 25,169 3,045 1,967 1,295 2,097 1,991 1,020 1,018 482 261 172 4 40 142 204 764 1,673 1,597 2,567 1,625 879 372 13 64 164 231 525 1,162 918 1,127 446 149 33 1 3 7 23 88 168 514 778 677 662 1 1 1 1 65 years and over Native White Males. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 27,619 12,915 1,438 1,011 747 1,595 2,277 1,794 2,667 1,673 964 538 19, 648 12,914 1,425 963 659 1,192 1,079 519 522 216 102 57 1 1 5 31 203 666 743 1,314 952 571 273 2,474 11 42 56 194 718 317 114 26 1 1 1 6 24 44 113 188 176 182 Native White Females. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 28,422 18,869 12, 271 12,255 1,712 1,620 1,265 1,004 990 636 1,815 905 2,638 912 1,909 501 2,560 496 1,658 266 1,003 159 601 115 5,107 39 137 173 561 ,007 854 ,253 673 2,358 13 53 122 175 331 654 430 409 129 35 7 2 6 17 64 124 401 590 501 218 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF POETO EICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Fobeign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 764 286 342 63 72 35 19 24 15 56 88 75 194 123 77 58 35 19 23 13 43 47 23 47 19 8 9 1 1 3 4 6 23 17 6 2 1 9 35 44 120 72 40 21 1 2 2 3 15 23 26 30 to 34 years 1 45 to 54 years 65 years and over Fobeign White Males. Total 653 249 297 58 48 19 16 22 12 50 73 64 174 114 66 43 19 16 21 11 39 46 23 40 19 8 7 1 1 3 3 5 22 16 5 2 7 23 34 109 66 37 21 1 1 2 2 13 16 13 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years * 1 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Fobeign White Females. Total Ill 37 45 5 24 16 3 2 3 6 15 11 20 9 11 15 16 3 2 2 4 1 1 2 12 10 11 6 3 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 1 1 1 1 1 1 30 to 34 years 7 1 2 7 13 65 years and over 2 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 219 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativUy-^-OontirmeA. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 65, 181 39,482 6,822 6,713 2,161 3 25,795 3,026 2,168 1,774 3,071 4,761 3,586 4,936 3,223 1,835 1,006 25,784 2,906 1,833 1,333 1,848 2,025 1,178 1,241 694 386 254 1 34 122 151 481 1,106 1,089 1,649 1,241 679 270 10 86 212 284 720 1,560 1,189 1,620 693 258 81 1 6 21 71 129 425 595 512 401 1 1 1 65 years and over Colored Males. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 13,282 13,282 1,352 1,339 995 943 809 693 1,418 992 2,080 983 1,700 564 2,390 520 1,545 268 936 113 437 67 28 144 429 551 871 673 475 198 11 4.3 87 277 658 560 900 468 199 60 1 1 4 10 25 99 146 149 112 Colored Females. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 28,237 19,728 2,513 12,502 1,674 1,567 1,173 890 965 640 1,653 856 2,681 1,042 1,886 614 2,546 721 1,678 436 899 273 569 187 3,443 1 32 114 123 337 676 538 778 568 204 72 3,450 10 75 169 197 443 902 620 720 225 59 21 5 17 61 104 326 449 363 289 220 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OE POETO EICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 88,501 61,739 11,962 10,908 3,825 67 39,731 4,894 3,404 2,615 5,049 7,463 5,664 8,390 5,865 3,371 2,055 39, 681 4,696 2,920 1,937 3,164 3,196 1,776 2,035 1,243 669 422 3 63 189 214 794 1,781 1,752 3,016 2,314 1,254 582 22 121 291 450 1,050 2,384 1,960 2,705 1,282 492 151 1 4 1 10 36 98 176 627 1,021 953 899 35 to 44 years 7 Males. Total Under 15 years.. 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years.. 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 43,984 20, 602 2,273 1,603 1,171 2,367 3,433 2,687 4,172 2,955 1,736 985 31,587 20,588 2,241 1,525 1,010 1,745 1,695 873 966 631 276 137 5,446 5 27 41 242 703 795 1,617 1,317 856 4 18 49 110 370 1,011 973 1,541 874 365 131 976 6 22 45 145 231 237 280 10 6 1 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 1 Females. Total Under 15 years.. 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years.. 20 years 21 to 24 years — 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 44,517 19, 129 2,621 1,801 1,444 2,682 4,030 2,977 4,218 2,910 1,635 1,070 30,152 19,093 2,465 1,395 927 1,419 1,501 712 393 285 6,023 58 162 173 552 1,078 957 1,499 997 398 146 18 103 242 340 680 1,373 987 1,164 408 127 20 4 30 76 130 482 790 716 619 14 4 2 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 221 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 40,246 27,647 6,661 3,846 2,058 34 17,916 2,246 1,679 1,152 2,397 3,430 2,635 3,865 2,574 1,525 927 17,892 2,158 1,355 859 1,503 1,460 761 847 461 218 133 2 38 110 113 480 1,045 1,045 1,737 1,180 628 283 6 47 112 174 386 859 738 930 401 151 42 1 15 3 1 5 26 64 91 346 528 528 468 1 1 2 5 4 65 years and over 1 Native White Males. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 14,184 9,266 9,257 1,018 1,028 2 722 688 16 501 441 17 1,110 830 145 1,590 793 407 1,227 385 454 1,946 436 869 1,268 195 664 772 99 425 416 42 201 1,942 502 ? 5 17 1 39 3 132 2 377 12 367 21 555 84 291 116 120 128 37 135 Native White Females. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . - 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 20,400 13,463 8,650 8,635 1,218 1,140 857 667 651 418 1,287 673 1,840 667 1,408 376 1,919 411 1,306 266 753 119 511 91 3,461 94 96 335 63« 591 MX 516 203 82 1,904 1,656 4 1 4V 95 135 2 254 24 482 62 371 70 375 262 110 412 31 400 5 333 222 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Tabi/e XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 559 207 221 63 68 27 12 11 7 41 59 45 128 126 57 46 27 12 10 5 28 37 14 37 20 11 6 1 2 8 13 24 65 C8 26 14 5 8 6 21 17 3 3 1 1 5 21 17 23 Foreign White Males. Total 449 169 185 56 39 19 8 7 6 34 47 34 108 112 40 34 19 8 7 4 28 32 13 30 17 7 4 18 and 19 years 2 3 8 15 56 66 22 13 3 7 6 18 16 3 3 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 vears 4 13 8 14 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foeeign White Females. Total 110 38 36 7 29 8 4 4 1 7 12 11 20 14 17 12 8 4 3 1 1 21 to 24 years 5 5 9 9 2 4 1 2 1 25 to 29 years 5 1 7 3 4 2 1 1 1 8 9 9 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 3 1 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years CONJUGAL CONDITION. 223 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP HUMACAO— Continued. Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. • Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 47, 696 33,885 5,080 6,999 1,699 33 21,788 2,636 1,814 1,456 2,611 3,974 2,984 4,397 3,165 1,789 1,082 21,762 2, 526 1,556 1,073 1,633 1,699 1,001 1,151 762 440 283 1 25 78 99 306 723 683 1,214 1,066 600 285 16 74 179 276 659 1,517 1,216 1,754 864 338 106 9 4 7 2 5 10 33 83 276 472 408 408 3 3 2 1 2 1 3 65 years and over Colored Males. Colored Females. Total 23,689 17,234 2,554 3,448 435 18 11,317 1,237 874 664 1,223 1,796 1,426 2,118 1,575 924 535 11,312 1,215 830 565 887 870 475 500 319 170 91 . 2 13 32 71 235 627 600 968 567 242 91 3 15 to 17 years 3 11 22 94 288 326 592 587 409 222 3 3 1 3 4 10 24 57 102 101 131 3 21 to 24 years 3 1 1 1 2 65 years and over Total 24,007 16, 651 2,526 3,551 1,264 15 10,471 1,399 940 792 1,388 2,178 1,558 2,279 1,590 865 547 10,450 1,311 725 508 746 829 526 651 443 270 192 1 22 67 77 212 435 357 622 479 191 63 14 61 147 205 424 890 616 786 297 96 15 6 1 4 1 2 6 23 59 219 370 307 277 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 1 30 to 34 years 1 1 1 224 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV '.—Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and rwiiimty— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. • Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 127, 566 87, 294 22,573 10,428 7,180 91 52, 802 7,611 5,495 4,050 8,096 11,078 9,001 13, 029 8,493 4,928 2,983 52,738 7,385 4,887 3,073 5,251 4,851 2,762 3,033 1,771 951 592 5 125 361 521 1,714 3,770 3,746 5,927 3,705 1,844 855 2 92 228 426 1,062 2,167 2,010 2,654 1,209 439 139 5 4 14 27 66 287 477 1,409 1,805 1,692 1,394 52 5 5 3 3 3 2 65 years and over 3 Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 44,484 | 27,071 27,039 2 3,415 3,403 3 2,588 2,519 27 1,786 1,634 64 3,958 3,132 458 5,071 2,623 1,428 4,405 1,425 1,876 6,571 1,441 3,247 4,153 726 2,210 2,352 339 1,239 1,380 203 636 5,206 1 6 37 79 358 955 975 ,558 800 326 111 4 1 2 7 9 62 121 325 415 447 430 Females. Total Under 16 years... 16 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 vears 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 64,816 25, 731 4,196 2,907 2,264 4,138 6,007 4,596 6,458 4,340 2,576 1,603 42, 810 25,699 3,982 2,368 1,439 2,119 2,228 1,337 1,592 1,045 612 11,383 3 122 334 457 1,256 2, 342 1,870 2,680 1,495 605 219 5,222 1 86 191 347 704 1,212 1,035 1,096 409 113 28 1 3 12 20 57 225 353 1,084 1,390 1,245 964 47 27 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 225 Table XV.— Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 80,564 54, l'/2 15,613 5,938 4,787 54 33,406 4,796 8,539 2,540 5,196 7,108 5,760 8,209 5,221 2,976 1,813 33,360 4,660 3,118 1,917 3,302 2,954 1,652 1,650 884 451 224 3 78 266 346 1,249 2,670 2,593 4,099 2,502 1,232 575 2 55 144 258 606 1,282 1,191 1,505 638 192 65 2 9 19 38 201 322 952 1,196 1,100 948 1 1 1 2 1 66 years and over 1 Native White Males. Total 39,625 9.7 94a 7,553 2,929 1,176 17,072 2,149 1,676 1,117 2,553 3,236 2,820 4,136 2,586 1,425 855 17,051 2,144 1,631 1,029 2,030 1,648 900 830 407 186 87 1 1 19 40 316 1,004 1,270 2,197 1,463 814 428 1 3 24 44 200 538 577 898 444 150 60 2 4 7 45 72 211 271 274 290 30 to 34 years 1 1 1 Native White Females. Total 40,939 26,229 8,060 3,009 3,611 30 16,334 2,647 1,863 1,423 2,643 3,872 2,940 4,073 2,635 1,551 958 16,309 2,516 1,487 888 1,272 1,306 752 820 477 265 137 2 77 247 306 933 1,666 1,323 1,902 1,039 418 147 1 52 120 214 406 744 614 607 194 42 15 22 2 7 15 31 156 250 741 925 826 658 2 21 to 24 years 1 25 to 29 years 1 3 65 years and over 1 8490—00 15 226 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 1,480 612 601 125 141 1 99 46 37 18 111 186 188 309 250 138 100 99 42 35 17 90 111 59 63 59 24 13 3 2 1 13 56 102 184 142 65 33 7 14 20 38 23 16 7 1 7 24 26 33 46 65 years and over 1 Foreign White Males. Foreign White Females. 1,099 454 460 117 68 56 32 28 16 85 147 134 238 190 102 71 56 32 27 16 73 98 44 46 38 14 10 1 6 36 68 146 117 58 29 7 13 18 35 22 15 7 4 11 13 15 25 65 years and over Total 381 158 141 8 73 43 13 9 2 26 38 54 71 60 36 29 43 10 8 1 17 13 15 17 21 10 3 3 1 1 8 20 34 38 25 7 4 - 1 4 3 13 13 18 21 25 to 29 years 1 2 3 1 1 30 to 34 years 65 years and over 1 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 227 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ— Continued Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 45,522 32, 610 6,359 4,365 2,252 36 19,297 2,770 1,919 1,492 2,789 3,785 3,053 4,511 3,022 1,814 1,070 19, 279 2,683 1,734 1,139 1,869 1,786 1,051 1,320 828 476 355 2 44 93 174 452 1,044 1,051 1,644 1,061 547 247 6 2 5 8 27 82 148 433 583 559 400 11 37 84 168 449 871 799 1,111 648 231 67 4 3 3 2 4 3 2 65 years and over 1 Colored Males. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35to44year8 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 16,087 1,234 1,227 884 861 653 589 1,320 1,029 1,688 877 1,451 481 2,197 565 1,377 281 826 139 464 106 3,177 1 2 7 24 137 388 538 904 630 367 179 2,160 13 35 151 404 380 625 334 161 54 2 17 48 103 131 158 115 Colored Females. Total 23,496 16,423 3,182 2,205 1,670 16 9,354 1,536 1,035 839 1,469 2,097 1,602 2,314 1,645 989 616 9,347 1,466 873 650 830 909 670 755 547 337 249 1 42 86 150 315 656 513 740 431 180 68 1 1 5 5 25 66 100 330 452 401 286 5 34 71 133 298 467 419 486 214 70 13 3 18 and 19 years 1 1 3 1 1 65 years and over 1 228 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 203, 191 142,864 30, 957 20,083 9,254 33 87, 732 11, 602 8,413 6,666 13, 326 18, 792 13, 731 19,505 12, 821 6,760 3,943 87,667 11, 178 7,324 4,991 8,622 8,553 4,590 5,011 2,823 1,263 842 8 179 503 651 2,381 5,132 4,947 7,872 5,374 2,720 1,190 46 237 575 894 2,216 4,726 3,628 4,790 2,087 667 217 1 5 7 28 103 378 565 1,830 2,535 2,110 1,692 65 years and over 2 Males. Total 101,957 73,846 15,407 10,044 2,638 45,154 5,305 4,034 3,031 6,625 9,149 6,828 10,000 6,491 3,477 1,863 45,141 5,269 3,894 2,703 5,056 4,789 2,427 2,507 1,269 518 273 2 7 40 112 689 2,103 2,377 4,240 3,147 1,804 886 6 26 95 207 859 2,151 1,888 2,772 1,379 490 171 1 1 1 7 20 103 135 479 694 665 532 4 2 1 3 1 25 to 29 years 2 1 Females. Total Under 15 years - . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 101,234 42,578 6,297 4,379 3,535 6,701 9,643 6,903 9,505 6,330 3,283 2,080 42,526 5,909 3,430 2,288 3,566 3,764 2,163 2,504 1,554 745 569 15,550 10, 039 6 172 463 539 1,692 3,029 2,570 3,632 2,227 916 304 40 211 480 687 1,357 2,575 1,740 2,018 708 177 46 4 6 21 83 275 430 1,351 1,841 1,445 1,160 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 229 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 84 years 85 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over 118, 784 82,443 20,803 51,776 6,994 4,970 3,809 7,992 10,990 8,014 11,033 7,108 3,839 2,259 51, 729 6,751 4,305 2,872 5,101 4,819 2,357 2,453 1,233 520 7 111 364 461 1,696 3,571 3,456 5,265 3,373 1,731 778 127 294 453 1,129 2,366 1,830 2,171 906 267 86 5,868 1 3 5 22 C3 243 371 1,153 1,595 1,321 1,091 Native White Males. Total Under 15 years.. - 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 59,282 26,534 3,159 2,358 1,719 3,970 5,330 4,042 i>,627 3,545 1,931 1,067 42,751 26, 526 3,137 2,279 1,647 3,053 2,733 1,299 1,276 594 218 10,004 1 4 27 66 479 1,426 1,629 2,768 1,917 1,112 576 4,877 2 16 49 98 421 1,106 1,024 1,284 615 194 68 1 1 1 7 17 Co 90 298 418 407 334 11 Native White Females. Total 59,502 39, 692 10, 799 4,772 4,229 10 25,242 3,835 2,612 2,090 4,022 5,660 3,972 6,406 3,563 1,908 1,192 26,203 3,614 2,026 1,325 2,048 2,086 1,058 1,177 689 302 214 6 107 337 395 1,217 2,146 1,827 2,487 1,466 619 202 28 HI 245 355 708 1,250 806 887 291 73 18 5 2 4 15 46 178 281 865 1,177 914 757 1 3 65 years and over i 230 EEPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPABTMENT OP PONCE— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 2,403 1,053 926 197 222 5 120 53 66 62 210 342 337 512 390 207 114 120 51 58 41 166 198 152 146 80 27 14 1 8 7 34 103 137 281 215 102 38 1 3 9 33 36 51 36 23 5 1 1 6 11 33 58 55 67 2 1 1 1 65 years and over Foreign White Males. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years'. 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 1,886 69 44 49 36 163 276 275 425 318 162 79 849 59 43 49 32 141 171 134 120 65 23 12 1 13 71 99 235 186 Foeeign White Females. 517 204 197 8 108 61 9 17 16 47 66 62 87 72 45 35 61 8 9 9 25 27 18 v 26 15 4 2 1 8 6 21 32 38 46 29 14 2 i i 3 4 15 27 26 31 4 2 1 1 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 231 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE-Continued. Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 66 to 64 years 65 years and over 82,004 59, 368 9,228 10,237 35,836 4,555 3,377 2,705 5,124 7,460 5,380 7,960 5,323 2,714 1,570 35,818 4,376 2,961 2,078 3,355 3,536 2,081 2,412 1,510 716 525 1 67 131 183 651 1,458 1,354 2,336 •1,786 887 374 16 109 281 438 1,078 2,337 1,762 2,568 1,145 377 126 3,164 2 2 5 39 129 183 644 882 734 544 Coloked Males. Total 40,789 30,246 4,674 4,978 885 6 18,561 2,102 1,627 1,276 2,492 3,543 2,511 3,948 2,628 1,384 717 18,556 2,089 1,566 1,124 1,862 1,885 994 1,111 610 277 172 1 3 13 45 197 607 649 1,237 1,044 604 274 4 9 46 106 429 1,016 830 1,437 729 274 98 1 2 1 3 35 38 163 245 229 172 1 25 to 29 years 65 years and over 1 Colored Females. Total 41,215 29, 122 4,554 5,259 2,279 1 17,275 2,453 1,750 1,429 2,632 3,917 2,869 4,012 2,695 1,330 853 17,262 2,287 1,395 954 1,493 1,651 1,087 1,301 900 439 353 12 100 235 332 649 1,321 932 1,131 416 103 28 1 64 118 138 454 851 705 1,099 742 283 100 2 2 5 36 94 145 481 637 505 372 21 to 24 years ~ 232 REPORT OK THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF PONCE. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as ' husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 27,952 19,986 3,918 2,427 1,615 6 9,096 1,762 1,410 886 2,537 3,136 2,317 3,194 1,995 1,094 525 9,094 1,700 1,239 716 1,835 1,785 1,105 1,250 737 331 194 2 18 75 96 323 570 462 528 234 93 26 41 94 71 361 703 632 1,044 601 297 74 2 2 3 17 76 118 371 422 373 231 1 1 2 1 1 65 years and over 13,197 9,674 1,966 1,212 339 6 4,547 796 632 364 1,231 1,518 1,089 1,511 863 470 176 4,547 794 616 335 1,009 895 525 542 255 106 50 1 6 9 101 312 299 699 386 198 55 1 10 20 117 288 242 306 140 69 20 3 21 23 63 81 97 51 1 2 1 1 65 years and over Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 14,755 4,549 966 778 522 1,306 1,618 1,228 1,683 1,132 624 349 10,312 4,547 906 623 381 708 482 225 144 1,952 40 88 62 260 391 333 445 215 99 19 1,215 2 18 65 76 206 282 220 222 94 24 6 1,276 2 2 3 14 55 95 308 341 276 180 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 233 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OP PONCE— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Stogie. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under 15 years . . . 16 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over 10,060 2,305 4,990 4,990 957 922 740 636 444 346 1,313 944 1,526 852 1,107 460 1,535 501 915 251 613 111 228 47 24 66 51 234 416 380 601 324 166 44 967 45 127 216 196 202 88 26 11 1 2 2 8 43 71 231 252 210 126 Native White Males. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years. . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,764 5,049 2,615 2,515 444 443 339 330 175 164 650 536 734 433 530 232 699 239 402 106 205 39 71 12 1,065 4 66 181 169 317 193 7 47 108 119 109 60 18 Native White Females. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years , 65 years and over 7,504 5,011 2,475 2,475 513 479 401 306 269 182 663 408 792 419 577 228 836 262 513 145 308 72 157 35 1,240 23 63 47 169 234 211 284 131 67 11 475 10 30 38 80 108 77 93 28 8 3 1 2 2 6 31 61 197 209 161 108 234 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XV '.—Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. CITY OF PONCE— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 1,182 540 451 62 125 4 88 28 34 21 109 169 161 251 172 106 43 88 28 28 17 79 93 77 77 36 12 5 6 3 27 55 65 1S7 98 51 9 1 2 16 12 14 10 7 1 3 7 22 27 36 29 2 1 1 65 years and over Foreign White Males. Total 847 397 335 56 65 4 41 24 21 13 78 128 120 189 132 78 23 41 24 21 12 66 77 61 58 24 10 3 1 2 13 10 14 9 7 10 35 46 106 87 44 8 1 4 10 11 17 12 2 1 1 65 years and over Foreign White Females. 336 143 116 6 70 47 4 13 8 31 41 41 62 40 28 20 47 4 7 5 13 16 16 19 12 2 2 - 6 3 17 20 20 31 11 7 1 1 2 3 12 16 19 17 3 2 1 » CONJUGAL CONDITION. 235 Table XV.—Conjug ', condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OP PONCE-Continued. Colobed, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 12,502 9,386 1,162 1,408 544 4,018 777 636 421 1,115 1,4*1 1,049 1,408 908 475 254 4,016 750 575 353 812 . 840 568 672 450 208 142 2 8 39 60 194 338 254 312 136 60 15 17 22 17 100 233 187 306 179 80 21 1 18 and 19 years 1 8 30 40 118 143 127 76 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 66 years and over Colored Hales. Total 5,586 4,228 566 116 2 Under 15 years 1,991 328 272 176 503 656 439 623 329 187 82 1,991 327 265 159 407 385 282 245 125 57 35 1 15 to 17 years i 18 and 19 years 3 5 26 96 85 176 106 55 14 4 12 68 167 113 183 71 44 12 20 years 1 8 9 19 27 31 21 1 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Colobed Females. Total 6,916 5,158 596 734 428 Under 15 years 2,027 449 364 246 612 785 610 785 579 288 172 2,025 423 310 194 405 465 336 427 325 161 107 2 8 36 38 126 171 141 129 65 16 3 15 to 17 years 17 19 12 74 137 102 130 78 26 7 1 18 and 19 years i 7 22 31 99 116 96 55 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over 236 REPOET ON THE CENSTJB OP POETO EICO, 1899. Table XV .—Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. CITY OF SAN JUAN. Total Population, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. 32,048 22,847 4,594 2,801 1,804 2 10,091 2,168 1,691 1,028 3,013 3,667 2,669 3,698 2,198 1,308 717 10,088 2,099 1,541 861 2,208 2,046 1,225 1,377 711 460 242 2 43 74 80 377 798 74? 1,273 730 353 116 1 23 72 85 405 648 480 667 285 106 30 2 4 2 23 76 116 381 472 399 329 1 1 15,100 11,088 2,313 1,397 301 1 4,926 971 842 469 1,502 1,754 1,275 1,708 929 504 220 4,926 966 827 434 1,248 1,100 630 563 234 116 65 1 3 9 22 151 316 236 378 183 78 21 2 6 13 99 323 384 719 447 238 83 4 15 26 58 65 71 61 1 65 years and over Females. Total Under 15 years... 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,165 6,163 1,197 1,133 849 714 559 427 1,511 960 1,813 945 1,294 595 1,990 824 1,269 477 804 334 497 187 1 43 6.x 67 278 475 364 654 283 115 33 1,404 1 20 63 63 254 332 244 289 102 27 1,503 4 2 19 61 91 323 407 328 CONJUGAL CONDITION. 237 Table XV. — Gowjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OP SAN JUAN— Continued. Native White, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years Wand 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 84 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 2,095 4,401 4,399 912 879 654 583 371 316 1,152 836 1,260 662 898 364 1,272 415 737 179 481 118 263 70 1 24 39 42 189 397 353 537 318 143 676 1 7 31 14 115 155 123 157 51 17 5 799 12 46 58 163 189 203 136 Native White Males. Total Under 15 years . . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years . . . 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 56 to 64 years 65 years and over 5,541 2,142 2,141 1 415 413 304 310 2 160 161 6 553 472 39 561 334 143 413 175 166 500 139 253 268 53 165 164 30 95 65 10 32 Native White Females. Total 6,850 4,598 1,193 368 690 1 2,269 497 344 211 699 709 486 772 469 307 198 2,258 466 279 164 364 328 189 276 126 88 60 1 6 27 11 76 90 63 70 19 4 1 24 37 36 160 254 187 284 153 48 20 1 1 9 37 46 142 171 167 117 65 years and over 238 BEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OP POBTO RICO, 1899. Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and CITY OF SAN JUAN— Continued. Foreign White, Both Sexes. ■ — Continued. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total 2,872 1,612 956 147 156 1 209 123 154 74 299 430 407 619 328 148 81 209 122 146 63 243 280 219 211 74 27 18 1 8 8 46 118 153 332 189 76 26 3 10 29 30 44 23 7 1 :::::: 3 5 32 42 37 37 Foreign White Males. Total 2,190 1,290 699 139 61 1 112 105 130 58 242 352 328 462 247 106 48 112 105 129 64 220 254 192 149 49 16 10 1 1 13 71 106 258 160 67 22 3 9 27 27 43 22 7 1 3 12 16 15 15 Foreign White Females. Total 682 322 257 8 95 97 18 24 16 67 78 79 157 81 42 33 97 17 17 9 23 26 27 62 25 11 8 1 7 7 33 47 47 74 29 9 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 2 20 26 22 22 65 years and over CONJUGAL CONDITION. 239 Table XV. — Conjugal condition, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF SAN JUAN— Continued. Colored, Both Sexes. Age period. Total. Single. Married. Living together as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Unknown. Total Under IB years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 2B to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 16,785 12,415 1,543 1,978 5,481 1,133 883 588 1,562 1,877 1,264 1,807 1,133 689 373 5,480 1,098 812 483 1,129 1,103 642 751 458 305 154 1 18 27 30 142 283 242 404 16 41 68 280 464 327 466 211 81 24 2 11 27 53 186 241 169 156 Colored Males. Total 7,369 5,576 712 950 131 2,672 451 402 251 707 851 534 746 414 234 107 2,672 448 394 229 556 512 263 265 132 70 35 2 5 16 103 224 149 248 129 58 16 1 3 6 47 109 112 208 122 76 29 1 6 10 25 31 30 27 65 years and over Colored Females. Total Under 15 years. . . 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years... 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 9,416 2,809 682 481 332 855 1,026 730 1,061 719 455 266 650 418 254 573 591 379 486 326 235 119 1 18 24 24 95 174 130 196 101 58 10 62 177 240 178 218 82 23 718 2 10 21 43 161 210 139 129 240 KEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVI.— Illegitimate children, by age, sex, race, and nativity. PORTO EICO. Sex, race, and nativity. All ages. Under 5 years. 5to9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over. 148, 605 55,445 42,648 27,335 13,076 5,711 4,390 75,907 72, 698 28,168 27,277 21, 637 21,011 14,344 12, 991 6,406 6,670 3,142 2,569 2,210 2,180 66,881 26,419 19,286 12,093 5,321 2,246 1,466 34,138 32,693 13,332 13,087 9,808 9,478 6,270 5,823 2,629 2,692 1,323 923 776 690 24 6 2 2 6 4 4 17 7 6 2 1 1 4 2 1 3 3 1 81,750 29,020 23,360 15,240 7,749 3,461 2,920 41,752 39,998 14,830 14,190 11, 827 11,533 8,073 7,167 3,773 3,976 1,818 1,648 1,431 1,489 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. 9,320 3,374 2,755 1,748 815 367 261 4,746 4,574 1,718 1,656 1,398 1,357 899 849 392 423 208 159 131 130 6,407 2,410 1,951 1,172 519 220 135 3,303 3,104 1,229 1,181 1,017 934 615 557 246 273 130 90 66 69 2,913 964 804 576 296 147 126 1,443 1,470 489 475 381 423 284 292 146 150 78 69 65 61 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. 18,754 7,067 5,456 3,466 1,638 671 456 9,508 9,246 3,558 3,509 2,722 2,734 1,789 1,677 7% 842 380 291 263 12,153 4,811 3,543 2,158 987 4G4 6,129 6,024 2,400 2,411 1,752 1,791 1,119 1,039 473 514 236 168 1 1 ■" 1 1 6,600 2,256 1,912 1,308 651 267 206 3,378 8,222 1,158 1,098 969 943 670 638 323 328 144 123 114 92 ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN. 241 Table XVI. — Illegitimate children, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP BAYAMON. Sex, race, and nativity. All ages. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over. 24,759 9,252 7,049 4,447 2,153 1,024 834 12,577 12, 182 4,701 4,551 3,525 3,524 2,343 2,104 1,059 1,094 515 509 434 400 7,741 3,103 2,202 1,387 572 280 197 3,949 3,792 1,559 1,544 1,123 1,079 718 669 292 280 148 132 109 88 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 r 1 17,014 6,148 4,847 3,060 1,579 743 637 8,626 8,388 3,141 3,007 2,402 2,445 1,625 1,435 766 813 367 376 DEPARTMENT OF GDAYAMA. 19,743 7,767 5,911 3,489 1,522 606 448 10, 174 9,569 3,935 3,832 3,085 2,826 1,866 1,623 745 777 323 283 7,603 3,082 2,262 1,353 554 205 3,959 3,644 1,559 1,523 1,187 1,075 718 635 281 273 125 80 1 1 1 12, 139 4,685 3,649 2,136 968 401 6,215 5,924 2,376 2,309 1,898 1,751 1,148 988 464 504 198 203 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 18, 127 6,927 5,188 3,341 1,534 647 490 9,338 8,789 3,539 3,388 2,641 2,547 1,783 1,558 765 769 350 297 230 6,070 2,466 1,733 1,092 446 205 3,140 2,930 1,282 1,184 868 865 571 521 232 214 118 87 Foreign white 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 Colored 12,054 4,460 3,455 2,248 1,088 442 Males 6,195 5,859 2,256 2,204 1,773 1,682 1,211 1,037 533 556 232 210 Females 171 8490—00- -16 242 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVI.—. children, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGTJEZ. Sex, race, and nativity. All ages. Under 6 years. 5to9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over. 16, 111 5,675 4,554 3,082 1,606 687 607 8,267 7,844 2,915 2,760 2,337 2,217 1,595 1,487 779 827 396 291 245 262 8,218 3,092 2,334 1,568 739 305 180 4,221 3,997 1,588 1,504 1,189 1,145 807 761 356 383 184 121 97 83 5 3 2 3 2 3 2 7,888 2,580 2,220 1,514 867 380 327 4,043 3,845 1,324 1,256 1,148 1,072 788 726 423 444 212 168 148 179 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 34,459 13,017 9,925 6,403 2,908 1,262 944 17,746 16, 713 6,643 6,374 5,040 4,885 3,385 3,018 1,456 1,452 756 506 466 478 16,231 6,577 4,646 2,900 1,265 509 334 8,270 7,961 3,301 3,276 2,359 2,287 1,498 1,402 629 636 320 189 6 1 1 2 .1 5 1 1 2 1 1 18,222 6,440 5,278 3,502 1,641 752 9,471 8,751 3,342 3,098 2,680 2,598 1,887 1,615 826 816 435 317 CITY OF PONCE. 3,851 1,191 956 774 460 235 1,881 1,970 594 597 477 479 384 390 217 243 111 124 98 137 1,547 533 407 316 156 80 55 754 793 261 272 204 203 152 164 77 79 40 40 20 35 Foreign white 1 1 2,303 658~ 549~ 458" 304 ~15tT 179 1,126 1,177 333 325 273 276 232 226 140 164 71 84 77 102 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 243 Table XVI. — Illegitimate children, by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY Or SAN JUAN. Sex, race, and nativity. All ages. Under 5 years. 5to9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24' years. 25 years and over. 3,481 1,175 854 585 440 212 215 1,670 1,811 565 610 412 .442 300 285 197 243 103 109 93 122 861 345 208 147 83 38 40 413 448 153 192 109 99 72 75 43 40 22 16 14 26 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2,617 829 646 438 355 174 175 1,256 1,362 411 418 303 343 228 210 153 202 81 93 79 96 Table XVII. — School attendance, literacy, and superior education. PORTO RICO. Department. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Total- popula- 99,645 162, 308 160,046 111,986 -88,501 127,566 203,191 953, 243 Under ten years of age. eg 878 1,257 2,312 1,258 948 1,629 2,181 10,463 J..-J O 30,460 50,219 46,821 34,978 27,014 34,885 59, 109 283,486 Ten years of age and over. 1,231 2,111 2,895 1,992 1,455 2,675 3,390 15, 749 a 'SI 56,853 92,036 78, 759 60,253 48, 965 65, 121 107, 511 509,498 t3 d oj °s E? o *d d oi OSes* ojog dd-g a£> a' o 03 d U 03 ■d B OQ O i d Aguada 10,581 17,830 14,888 20,883 12,410 6,641 16,412 98 302 114 158 79 26 101 3,353 4,976 4,570 6,360 3,990 2,221 4,990 123 349 174 224 101 64 196 6,249 9,149 8,541 12, 071 7,328 3,959 9,556 107 349 214 176 94 57 164 650 2,703 1,233 1,887 817 313 1,404 1 2 42 7 1 1 1 6 60 9 34 6 6 14 10,575 17,770 14,879 20,849 12,404 6,636 16,398 Aguadilla Isabela Lares Rincon San Sebastian The department . 99,645 878 30,460 1,231 66,853 1,161 9,007 65 134 99,611 244 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVII.— School attendance, literacy, and superior education— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. ' Total popula- tion. Under ten years of age. Ten years of age and over. Superior education. District. t3 to ■2*3 fl O -u V 93 o o o 2" So OS 3a . c OS 03*5 a> u n ^^ * O 3 o O ■a . "is cs-a d B •a $ O 55 1" d 36,910 9,357 10,887 18,115 10,449 13, 989 11,309 7,432 43, 860 481 47 53 92 116 136 133 66 134 10,236 2,948 3,417 6,069 3,322 3,971 3,796 2,279 14,181 678 123 127 126 139 338 246 147 187 20,599 5,217 6,223 10,421 5,942 7,887 6,265 4,032 25,450 599 124 103 87 111 270 117 95 441 4,311 898 963 1,310 818 1,387 752 813 3,463 6 1 10 1 1 4 148 9 61 12 10 54 9 7 38 36,762 9,348 10,826 18, 103 10,439 13,935 11,300 7,425 43,822 The department . 162, 308 1,257 50,219 2,111 92,036 1,947 14, 715 23 348 161,960 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. 19,940 11,965 11,508 3,804 12,522 8,101 12,365 13, 760 32,048 7,908 4,030 6,683 6,107 10, 305 212 86 117 43 172 53 102 155 1,028 57 61 49 59 118 5,951 3,815 4,012 1,137 4,168 2,576 4,186 4,234 5,582 2,772 1,214 2,083 1,907 3,184 283 122 156 64 291 92 201 206 959 99 83 54 85 200 10,704 6,528 6,441 2,111 6,662 4,856 6,524 7,184 9,252 4,349 2,058 2,893 3,527 5,670 318' 260 122 46 298 97 163 241 1,785 63 125 64 68 136 2,456 1,149 660 394 927 402 1,172 1,722 12,846 665 488 517 460 989 16 5 9 4 25 17 18 596 3 1 23 1 8 63 21 4 16 63 13 40 71 971 13 10 29 24 37 19,877 Carolina 11,944 11,504 3,788 12,459 8,088 12,325 13,689 31,077 7,895 4,020 Trujillo Alto 5,654 6,083 10, 268 The department . 160, 046 2,312 46,821 2,895 78,759 3,786 24,747 726 1,375 158,671 DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 7,977 4,867 19,857 14,442 7,552 8,249 12, 749 8,700 8,429 5,731 13,433 111, 986 41 115 207 191 99 79 272 54 53 53 91 2,712 1,225 6,124 4,218 2,361 2,700 3,442 3,016 2,720 1,750 4,710 34,978 130 169 354 286 93 178 365 109 117 103 4,405 2,519 10,338 7,628 4,308 4,659 6,350 4,704 4,607 3,224 7,511 60,263 351 195 51 54 209 87 82 40 85 600 749 2,481 1,921 640 578 2,110 730 832 661 947 12, 149 19 24 30 45 1 3 112 18 16 57 25 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department 16, 782 14,313 6,221 10,873 11, 163 8,602 6,642 13,905 88,501 197 254 58 85 49 37 150 118 91* 5,277 4,018 1,872 3,496 3,468 2,904 1,745 4,234 27,014 ;;i,7 366 137 110 82 66 162 165 8,495 7,496 3,682 6,187 6,681 6,000 3,288 8,136 48, 965 279 184 73 88 90 46 176 149 1,085 2,163 1,789 399 906 707 549 1,119 1,102 8,734 4 206 203 15 39 9 9 22 40 400 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 245 Table XVII. — School attendance, literacy, and superior education — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. District. Total popula- TJnder ten years of age. c o 0)J3 O a a » Ten years of age and over. IS. OJ o *-i a* Superior education. Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lajas Marias Maricao Mayaguez...- City of Mayaguez Sabana Grande San German The department . 13, 811 16,164 3,215 8,789 11,279 8,312 35,700 15, IS" 10,560 20,246 166 169 30 84 52 24 720 mi 102 282 3,939 4,629 898 2,647 3,390 2,416 8,471 2,717 3,199 6,296 225 360 44 140 113 49 1,185 717 166 211 359 69 117 103 41 1,118 789 142 402 1,455 2,341 428 1,073 1,282 940 8,711 5,819 1,338 3,060 245 49 6 36 69 29 813 585 112 172 127,566 3*, 885 2,562 20,628 G6 1,531 13,066 16,105 3,209 8,753 11,210 8,283 34,887 U, 60i 10,448 20, 074 126,035 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayaniila J nana Diaz Peiiuelas Ponce Cityof Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 19,484 8,596 8,103 14,845 15, 144 9,540 27,896 12, 129 55,477 27,952 4,858 27,119 203, 191 17 91 91 88 183 76 192 62 1,014 80S 90 277 2,181 6,064 2,636 2,698 6,088 6,043 2,943 8,638 3,821 13, 023 5,171 1,396 7,759 59, 109 54 101 123 140 329 99 331 183 1,458 1,097 149 423 3,390 11, 329 4,549 4,339 8,355 7,672 5,382 15,943 6,763 26,590 9,798 2,391 15, 198 107,511 128 120 109 225 223 87 307 124 1,746 1,255 135 1,888 1,071 743 944 1,689 952 2,474 1,129 12,539 9,779 696 3,155 27,280 5 5 1 11 47 107 51 1 60 10 11 45 69 20 128 106 360 •260 47 51 19, 424 8,586 8,092 14,800 15, 076 9,520 27, 768 12,023 55, 117 27,692 4,811 27,068 907 202,284 Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy. PORTO RICO. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total population, both sexes 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over Total males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 659, 294 124,353 93,148 88,475 84,265 64,317 91,802 59, 268 33,716 19, 950 322, 567 65, 112 42,919 41,664 39,469 31,365 46,430 29,578 16,758 9,272 509, 498 98, 755 69,645 64,512 63, 768 49,417 71, 369 47, 868 27, 736 16,428 239, 685 50,946 31, 817 28,657 27, 958 22, 698 34,092 22, 835 13, 311 7,371 15,380 3,395 2,873 2,089 1,783 1,364 1,851 1,098 589 338 5,133 1,515 972 605 542 375 543 302 142 77 134,416 22,203 20, 630 21,874 18,714 13, 536 18,582 10, 302 5,391 3,184 77, 749 12,651 10, 130 12,342 10, 969 8,292 11,795 6,441 3,305 1,824 246 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RIOO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Age period. Total. read nor write. but can nol write. Can read and write. 336, 727 269,813 10,247 56,667 59,241 47,809 1,880 9,552 50,229 37,828 1,901 10,500 46, 811 35,855 1,424 9,532 44,796 35,810 1,241 7,745 32, 952 26,719 989 5,244 46,372 37,277 1,308 6,787 29,690 25,033 796 3,861 16,958 14,425 447 2,036 10,678 9,057 261 1,360 398,070 296,855 8,670 92,545 75,638 67, 977 2,157 15,504 56, 800 40,726 1,589 14,485 •53,983 37,941 1,113 14,929 50,909 37,406 948 12,555 39,317 29,394 733 9,190 55,047 41,455 984 12,608 34,724 27,006 623 7,095 19,907 15,721 325 3,861 11, 745 9,229 198 2,318 193, 669 139, 169 2,969 61,531 39,534 29, 674 985 8,875 25, 862 18, 357 670 6,935 25, 214 16,708 349 8,157 23, 726 16, 347 294 7,085 19,155 13,555 203 5,397 27,790 19,974 289 7,527 17,252 13,009 152 4,091 9,753 7,463 80 2,210 5,383 4,082 47 1,254 204, 401 157, 686 5,701 41,014 36,104 28, 303 1,172 6,629 30,938 22,369 1,019 7,550 28,769 21,233 764 6,772 27,183 21,059 654 5,470 20, 162 15,839 ■630 3,793 27,257 21,481 695 5,081 17,472 13,997 471 3,004 10,154 8,258 245 1,651 6,362 6,147 151 1,064 11,008 1,377 128 9,508 242 31 9 202 753 50 7 696 1,261 97 12 1,152 1,547 131 7 1,409 1,411 125 17 1,269 2,535 309 21 2,205 1,728 289 27 1,412 918 191 20 707 613 154 8 451 8,682 847 56 7,779 134 13 6 115 597 26 2 569 1,013 57 5 951 1,252 80 5 1,167 1,142 82 9 1,051 2,047 212 9 1,826 1,372 175 12 1,185 701 119 5 677 424 83 3 338 Total females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white, both sexes . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white, both sexes 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over STATI8TI08 OF EDUCATION. 247 Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy— Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . 108 156 248 295 356 217 189 250,216 48,473 35,595 33,231 31,809 23,589 34,220 22,816 12,891 7,592 120,216 25,444 16,460 15,437 14,491 11,068 16,593 10,954 6,304 3,465 130,000 23,029 19,136 17,794 17,318 12,521 17,627 11,862 6,587 4,127 530 18 24 40 51 43 97 114 72 71 211,266 40,747 28,869 26,474 26,231 19, 898 29,605 20,573 11,824 7,045 21,259 13,434 11,892 11,531 9,061 13,906 9,651 5,729 3,206 111,597 19,488 15,435 14,582 14,700 10, 837 15, 699 10,922 6,095 3,839 72 6,682 1,229 1,277 964 828 614 846 448 244 132 524 400 311 243 163 245 138 57 27 4,474 705 877 653 585 451 601 310 187 105 DEPARTMENT OF AGTJADILLA. 68,307 56,853 1,161 10,293 12,937 9,672 8,893 8,424 6,795 9,572 6,211 3,679 2,224 10,964 7,811 7,089 6,920 5,690 7,924 6,316 3,201 1,938 273 219 162 139 114 131 74 33 16 1,700 15 to 19 years 1,542 20 to 24 years 1,642 25 to 29 years 1,365 30 to 34 years 991 1,517 821 55 to 64 years 445 270 Total males 33,199 26,237 428 6,534 6,733 4,419 4,136 3,786 3,309 4,846 3,096 1,823 1,051 5,643 3,632 3,066 2,874 2,621 3,723 2,499 1,509 870 135 81 52 53 27 64 15 7 4 1,055 806 20 to 24 years 1,018 25 to 29 years 859 30 to 34 years 661 1,069 682 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years S07 66 years and over 177 248 REPOET ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO BICO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP AGUADILLA— Continued. Age period. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total females . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males.. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white females. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years >. . 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 yeaTs 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Foreign white males. . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . 35, 108 6,204 5,153 4,757 4,638 3,486 4,726 3,115 1,856 1,173 57, 808 10, 939 7,960 7,491 7,171 5,890 8,205 5,255 3,063 1,834 28,027 5,741 3,646 3,459 3,205 2,859 4,144 2,622 1,510 841 29,781 5,198 4,314 4,032 3,966 3,031 4,061 2,633 1,553 44 87 115 77 165 99 67 47 572 36 65 91 67 142 83 49 30,616 5,421 4,279 4,023 4,046 3,069 4,201 2,817 1,692 1,068 48,615 9,308 6,566 6,068 5,990 6,014 6,879 4,516 2,676 1,598 22, 451 4,735 2,928 2,609 2,495 2,309 3,272 2,143 1,261 699 26,164 4,573 3,638 3,459 3,495 2,705 3,607 2,373 1,415 138 138 110 86 87 77 59 26 12 928 232 163 131 109 86 112 66 26 13 352 114 66 42 45 21 42 12 6 4 118 97 89 64 65 70 44 20 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 249 Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by litetaey — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45to54yea*s 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25to29yea!rs 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years arid over . 137 9,790 1,990 1,568 1,315 1,138 828 1,202 857 549 343 4,600 737 612 490 383 560 391 264 174 5,190 1,001 831 703 648 445 642 466 285 169 8,109 1,654 1,244 1,006 916 670 1,014 780 503 322 3,709 807 604 450 371 308 427 345 4,400 847 640 556 545 362 587 435 265 163 75 20 39 20 22 20 7 13 ~5 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. Total population, both sexes 110, 832 92, 036 1,947 16,849 21,505 15, 694 14,887 14,374 11,174 15,617 9,462 5,191 2,938 18,213 12, 767 11,902 11,823 9,223 12,981 8,037 4,534 2,556 452 391 240 205 171 233 143 71 41 2,840 2,536 2,745 2,346 1,780 ■2,403 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years Total males 54,710 43,526 740 10,444 10 to 14 years 11, 298 7,030 6,995 6,927 5,575 8,067 4,802 2,609 1,407 9,344 5,624 5,268 5,376 4,332 6,335 3,868 2,202 1,177 225 135 89 67 48 83 56 24 13 1,729 1,271 1,638 1,484 1,195 1,649 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years. . . 45 to 54 years.. 55 to 64 years 383 66 years and over 217 250 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO BICO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AKECIBO— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total females. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white males . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white females . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Foreign white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Foreign white males. . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . 56,122 10,207 8,664 7,892 7,447 5,599 7,550 4,650 2,582 1,531 83,671 16,439 11,871 11,361 10,798 8,520 11,729 6,972 3,828 2,163 40,921 8,627 5,284 6,283 5,122 4,209 5,981 3,532 1,897 42,750 7,812 6,587 6,078 6,676 4,311 5,748 3,440 1,931 1,167 1,427 17 74 177 179 147 339 261 131 112 1,104 48 146 141 125 269 186 104 76 48,510 7,143 6,634 6,447 4,891 6,646 4,169 2,332 1,379 68,737 13, 761 9,499 8,988 8,786 6,966 9,674 5,872 3,326 1,865 32,228 6,999 4,158 3,941 3,933 8,248 4,688 2,833 1,604 824 36,509 6,762 5,341 5,047 4,853 3,718 4,986 3,039 1,722 1,041 218 1,207 227 256 151 138 123 150 87 47 28 1,430 291 170 141 117 170 102 48 193 94 59 45 36 66 40 17 8 170 197 111 96 81 114 62 31 20 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 251 Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 66 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . 25,734 6,049 3,749 3,349 3,397 2,507 3,549 2,229 1,232 673 12,685 2,662 1,698 1,566 1,«64 1,241 1,817 1,084 608 345 13,049 2,387 2,051 1,783 1,733 1,266 1,732 1,145 624 328 22, 905 4,446 3,249 2,877 3,007 2,232 3,218 2,080 1,163 633 ) 1,080 2,343 1,459 1,302 1,428 1,070 1,595 992 567 324 11,825 2,103 1,790 1,575 1,579 1,162 1,623 1,088 696 309 317 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. 110, 913 78, 769 3,786 28,368 20, 632 15,800 14, 930 14, 370 10,588 15,332 9,749 5,908 3,604 15,402 10, 699 9,937 9,947 7,330 10,847 7,288 4,514 2,795 765 670 537 492 349 453 265 155 100 4,465 4,431 4,456 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 3,931 30 to 34 years 2,909 4,032 2,196 1,239 709 Total males 53,457 36, 877 1,251 15,329 10tol4years 10,744 7,418 6,964 6,673 5,003 7,543 4,749 2,795 1,568 8,022 5,020 4,405 4,336 3,234 6,079 3,458 2,103 1,220 335 209 188 159 104 132 70 36 18 2,387 2,189 2,371 2,178 1,665 2,332 1,221 656 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 330 252 BEPORT OK THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Age period. Total females 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years'and over Foreign white, both sexes 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 56 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Total. raed nor write. but can not write. Can read and write. 57,466 41,882 2,535 13,039 9,888 7,380 430 2,078 8,382 6,679 461 2,242 7,966 6,532 349 2,085 7,697 5,611 333 1,763 5,585 4,096 245 1,244 7,789 5,768 321 1,700 5,000 3,830 195 975 3,113 2,411 119 683 2,036 1,575 82 379 50,780 33, 376 1,389 16,015 9,800 6,732 367 2,701 7,419 4,574 228 2,617 6,898 4,234 168 2,496 6,497 ' 4,285 166 2,046 4,795 3,141 115 1,539 6,779 4,515 143 2,121 4,263 2,910 99 1,254 2,709 1,870 55 784 1,620 1,115 48 457 24,044 15, 678 497 7,869 5,074 3,460 171 1,443 3,391 2,108 91 1,192 3,160 1,872 57 1,231 2,966 1,882 51 1,033 2,204 1,392 32 780 3,289 2,200 46 1,043 2,026 1,414 21 591 1,254 869 18 367 680 481 10 189 26, 736 17, 698 892 8,146 4,726 3,272 196 1,258 4,028 2,466 137 1,425 3,738 2,362 111 1,265 3,531 2,403 115 1,013 2,591 1,749 83 759 3,490 2,315 97 1,078 2,237 1,496 78 663 1,455 1,001 37 417 940 634 38 268 3,841 301 50 3,490 111 12 8 91 368 17 1 350 487 11 7 469 579 29 4 546 642 32 8 602 888 72 9 807 489 69 7 423 241 37 4 200 136 32 2 102 3,014 186 24 2,804 64 6 5 53 307 400 9 7 298 3 390 477 20 2 455 443 22 6 415 691 48 4 639 369 37 3 329 178 22 1 155 85 15 70 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 253 Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race,, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years.. ^... 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years '.. 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . 47 61 87 102 99 197 120 63 61 56,292 10, 721 8,013 7,545 7,294 5,251 9,665 4,997 2,958 1,848 26,399 5,606 3,720 3,404 3,230 2,356 3,563 2,354 1,363 29, 893 5,115 4,293 4,141 4,064 2,895 4,102 2,643 1,595 1,046 45,082 8,658 6,108 5,692 5,633 4,157 6,260 4,319 2,607 1,648 21,013 4,556 2,903 2,526 2,434 1,820 2,831 2,007 1,212 724 24,069 4,102 3,205 3,166 3,199 2,337 3,429 2,312 1,395 924 390 441 362 322 226 301 159 159 118 128 106 66 82 46 17 1,617 231 323 234 216 160 219 113 79 42 DEPARTMENT OF GTJAYAMA. 75,750 60,253 1,331 14, 166 14,780 10,663 10,063 9,764 " 7,364 10,357 6,677 3,879 2,203 11,926 8,267 7,679 7,720 5,881 8,309 5,491 3,208 1,772 279 260 164 162 115 176 106 64 25 2,575 2,146 20 to 24 years 2,220 25 to 29 vears 1,892 30 to 34 years 1,368 1,872 1,080 607 406 Total males 36,765 28,261 479 8,035 7,765 4,834 4,631 4,430 3,568 5,231 3,332 1,966 1,018 6,114 3,725 3,398 3,293 2,707 4,001 2,658 1,574 781 120 103 53 41 40 69 27 15 11 1,531 15 to 19 years 1,006 20 to 24 years 1,180 26 to 29 years 1,096 30 to 34 years 811 1,161 647 377 65 years and over 226 254 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Age period. Can neither Total. read nor write. but can nol write. Can read and write. 38,985 32,002 852 6,131 7,015 5,812 159 1,044 5,829 4,542 147 1,140 5,432 4,281 111 1,040 5,334 4,427 111 796 3,806 3,174 75 557 5,126 4,308 107 711 3,345 2,833 79 433 1,913 1,634 49 230 1,185 991 14 180 38,248 27,453 776 10,019 7,393 5, '463 180 1,760 6,426 3,753 150 1,523 5,147 3,614 86 1,517 4,915 3,495 91 1,329 3,703 2,683 62 958 5,227 3,800 89 1,338 3,331 2,483 66 782 1,967 1,462 38 467 1,139 810 14 315 18,580 12,859 277 5,444 3,876 2,756 81 1,039 2,449 1,689 62 698 2,342 1,522 28 792 2,277 1,498 28 751 1,794 1,228 19 547 2,667 1,869 33 765 1,673 1,243 14 416 964 690 6 268 538 364 6 168 19,668 14,594 499 4,575 3,517 2,697 99 721 2,977 2,064 88 825 2,805 1,992 58 755 2,638 1,997 63 578 1,909 1,455 43 411 2,560 1,931 56 573 1,658 1,240 52 366 1,003 772 32 199 601 446 8 147 740 53 6 681 11 11 43 2 1 40 71 88 75 4 2 1 67 86 1 73 194 123 77 17 6 17' 177 117 2 58 58 4 2 62 640 37 4 599 6 38 62 •73 64 6 2 2 1 36 60 72 174 114 66 14 4 11 160 110 1 54 43 3 2 88 Total females . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white males . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white iemales . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Foreign white, both sexes . 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 yearfe 65 years and over . STATISTICS OP EDUCATION. 255 Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Age period. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . -10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 85 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years SO to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 56 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Total. read nor write. but can not write. Can read and write. 100 16 2 82 5 5 9 15 5 1 4 2 1 7 14 11 20 9 11 1 3 2 6 10 17 7 1 4 16 1 14 36,762 32,747 549 4,466 7,376 6,473 99 804 6,194 4,512 99 683 4,845 4,161 78 606 4,761 4,223 61 477 8,586 8,197 52 337 4,936 4,492 87 367 3,223 3,002 40 181 1,835 1,729 24 82 1,006 958 9 39 17,546 15,355 198 1,992 3,883 3,358 39 486 2,347 2,034 41 272 2,227 1,874 25. 328 2,080 1,794 13 273 1,700 1,479 20 201 2,390 2,118 36 236 1,546 1,411 13 121 936 873 8 55 437 414 3 20 19,217 17,392 351 1,474 3,493 3,115 60 318 2,847 2,478 68 311 2,618 2,287 53 278 2,681 2,429 48 204 1,886 1,718 32 136 2,546 2,374 51 121 1,678 1,591 27 60 899 856 16 27 569 544 6 19 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 60,539 48,965 1,085 10,489 11,769 8,298 7,664 7,463 5,664 8,390 5,865 3,371 2,055 9,696 6,638 6,934 5,912 4,556 6,778 4,904 2,892 1,755 196 195 141 119 107 140 104 57 27 1,878 1,665 1,589 25 to 29 years 1,432 30 to 34 years 1,001 1,472 857 ^22 273 Total males 29,617 23,372 363 5,882 6,235 3,876 3,638 3,433 2,687 4,172 2,955 1,736 985 5,102 3,030 2,645 2,585 2,105 3,237 2,392 1,456 820 94 71 38 34 31 44 30 14 7 1,039 775 20 to 24 years 855 26 to 29 years 814 80 to 34 years 551 35 to 44 years 891 533 65 to 64 years 266 65 years and over 158 256 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP HUMACAO— Continued. Age period. Can neither Can read Can read and write. Total. read nor write. but can not write. 30,922 25,593 722 4,607 5,534 4,594 101 839 4,422 3,508 124 790 4,126 3,289 103 734 4,030 3,327 85 618 2,977 2,451 76 450 4,218 3,541 96 681 2,910 2,512 74 324 1,635 1,436 43 156 1,070 935 20 115 27,676 20, 167 543 6,976 5,346 4,033 105 1,208 3,825 2,681 96 1,048 3,549 2,423 70 1,056 3,430 2,423 68 949 2,635 1,883 47 705 3,865 2,814 66 985 2,574 1,967 56 651 1,525 1,210 28 287 927 723 17 187 13, 398 9,587 161 3,650 2,818 2,111 45 662 1,750 1,238 29 483 1,611 1,058 22 531 1,590 1,057 19 514 1,227 856 12 359 1,946 1,385 16 646 1,268 968 8 292 772 699 5 168 416 315 5 96 14,278 10,570 382 3,326 2,528 1,922 60 546 2,075 1,443 67 666 1,938 1,365 48 625 1,840 1,366 39 436 1,408 1,027 36 346 1,919 1,429 50 440 1,806 999 48 259 753 611 23 119 511 408 12 91 540 69 7 464 8 23 48 69 45 128 8 4 3 8 6 13 19 45 51 39 3 112 126 17 2 107 57 10 2 45 46 8 38 435 47 2 386 5 15 40 47 34 108 5 6 10 12 37 42 31 1 97 112 12 1 99 £ 7 4 33 30 Total females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years , 65 years and over Foreign white, both sexes 10 to 14 years , 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years SO to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years...-. 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years , 55 to 64 years , 65 years and over STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. m Table XVIII.— Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, fo'AVi by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15tol9 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . 105 32,323 6,415 4,450 4,067 3,974 2,984 4,397 3,165 1,789 1,082 15,784 3,412 2,111 1,887 1, /96 1,426 2,118 1,575 924 535 16, 539 3,003 2,339 2,180 2,178 1,558 2,279 1,590 865 547 3,508 3,481 2,667 3,951 2,920 1,672 1,024 13, 738 2,991 1,789 1,584 1,523 1,246 1,842 1,412 850 501 15,001 2,672 2,064 1,924 1,958 1,421 2,109 1,508 822 "'78 8 15 535 ■svefe o) or cter n}0E o) f,l 662 432 OtOS 257 nj < ,ulSI Jl.t (V: 375 l'.i'.l 90 48 'IV 846 tor 1 <"'! 10£ ) fi' > (>;: 372 280 287 258 161 249 142 ''iyfe 41 ) M 290 57 ■I c-r 218 5ft .1 Di- 201 46 li 1 r._ 174 41 <>) OS 96 44 •->> «: 126 25 t c: 1- 57 18 ,1 CX. 25 8 .97 c.<) 16 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Total population, both 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Total males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 8490—00 17 'J n1 Oil 91, 052 65, 121 2,562 i! 01 088,369 16,288 12,062 561 -4 oJ .'.: 3, 665 13,106 8,830 506 »8o] f.l 3,770 12, 146 7,921 354 i' "I "3,871 11,078 7,667 267' ■'■■ " '3,144 9,001 6,475 213 2,313 13,029 9,670 308 1 II M..'i-.*,.]61 8,493 6,428 181 1,884 4,928 3,827 107. >loJUI 994 2,983 2,341 6« II 01 St 577 44,169 30,588 698 >) ("12, 883 8,490 6,235 237 .- o) r 2, 018 6,003 4,146 145 -Sol i".l 1,712 5,744 3,570 90 " 0) •'■< 2, 084 5,071 3,325 68 )'{.",. 1,688 4,405 2,996 47 1,362 6,571 4,583 59 1,929 4,153 2,968 36 1,149 2,362 1,738 15 599 1,380 1,027 11 342 258 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RIOO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGOEZ— Continued. Age period. Total females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white, both sexes. . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white females 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white, both sexes 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Total. Can neither read nor write. 46,883 7,798 7,103 6,402 6,007 4,596 6,458 4,340 2,576 1,603 57, 415 10,257 8,335 7,736 7,108 5,760 8,209 5,221 2,976 1,813 27, 871 5,318 3,825 3,670 3,236 2,820 4,136 2,586 1,425 855 29,544 4,939 4,510 4,066 3,872 2,940 4,073 2,635 1,551 958 1,414 82 129 185 188 309 250 138 100 1,062 19 60 101 147 134 '23s 190 102 71 Can read but can not write. 34,533 5,827 4,684 4,351 4,342 3,479 4,987 3,460 2,089 1,314 7,182 5,272 4,774 4,736 3,987 5,732 3,730 2,185 1,336 18, 408 3,704 2,487 2,177 2,072 1,867 2,741 1,764 997 599 20, 526 3,478 2,785 2,597 2,664 2,120 2,991 1,966 1,188 737 160 4 2 8 12 26 36 34 22 16 106 324 361 264 209 166 249 145 92 54 1,566 296 214 156 132 174 118 67 Can read and write. 146 87 54 33 31 34 22 10 1,141 223 209 160 123 101 140 96 57 32 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 259 Table XVIII.— Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 85 to 44 years ■45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . 32,223 5,998 4,689 4,281 3,785 3,053 4,511 3,022 1,814 1,070 15,236 3,153 2,118 1,973 1,688 1,451 2,197 1,377 825 454 16,987 2,845 2,571 2,308 2,097 1,602 2,314 1,645 989 616 54 26,027 4,876 3,656 3,139 2,919 2,462 3,802 2,664 1,620 12, 074 2,531 1,657 1,389 1,243 1,114 1,816 1,182 725 417 13, 953 2,345 1,899 1,750 1,676 1,348 1,986 1,482 895 572 191 209 139 110 78 132 60 39 23 101 151 103 86 62 108 47 84 20 287 10 21 23 36 40 60 46 29 22 5,216 931 924 1,003 756 513 677 298 155 58 532 403 648 421 321 357 182 95 34 2,322 621 455 335 I: ii' 220 116 60 24 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 141, 901 107, 511 3,508 30, 882 10 to 14 years 26,442 20,015 19,892 18,792 13,731 19, 505 12,821 6,760 3,943 20,492 14, 733 14,050 13, 779 10,262 14,960 10,404 5,560 3,271 870 642 491 409 296 410 225 102 64 4,640 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 4,604 3,174 30 to 34 years 2,192 1,098 608 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Total males.. 70,650 50,834 1,174 18,642 10 to 14 years 13,847 9,339 9,656 9,149 6,828 10,000 6,491 3,477 1,863 10,586 6,740 6,305 6,169 4,703 7,134 4,992 2,729 1,476 369 228 156 130 78 102 68 31 13 2,892 2,371 3,196 2,850 2,047 2,764 1,431 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years. . 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. . 55 to 64 years. . . 65 years and over 260 EEPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and urn, by age, se.i:, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. Age period Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Total females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white, both sexes 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 71,251 12, 595 10, 676 10,236 9,643 6,903 9,505 6,330 3,283 2,080 82,472 15,464 11, 964 11,801 10,990 8,014 11,033 7,108 3,839 2,259 40,828 5,517 5,689 5,330 4,042 5,627 3,545 1,931 1,067 41,644 7,384 6,447 6,112 5,660 3,972 5,406 3,563 1,908 1,192 2,337 54 119 2(12 342 337 512 390 207 114 28 93 199 276 275 425 318 162 79 56, 677 9,906 7,993 7,745 7,610 5,559 7,826 5,412 2,831 1,795 59,583 11,508 8,381 7,940 7,691 5,720 8,041 5,528 2,992 1,782 27,958 5,909 3,749 3,529 3,410 2,655 3,819 2,644 1,443 800 31,625 5,599 4,632 4,411 4,281 3,065 4,222 2,884 1,549 176 2,334 501 414 336 279 217 308 157 71 51 511 365 274 227 174 230 126 63 235 141 87 73 62 62 35 18 6 224 187 154 122 168 91 45 32 22 STATISTICS OF EDO CATION. 261 Table XVIII. — Papulation 10 yean of age. and. over, by age, « by literacy — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. , rind nati/vily, and Age period. Foreign white females 10tol4yeara 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Total. Can neither read nor write. 482 57, 092 10, 924 7,932 7,829 7,460 5,380 7,960 5,323 2,714 1,570 27, 967 5,739 3,729 3,768 3,543 2,511 3,948 2,628 1,384 717 29,125 5,185 4,203 4,061 3,917 2,869 4,012 2,695 1,330 853 Can read but can not write. 95 47,657 8,977 6,347 6,091 6,052 4,513 6,868 4,808 2,530 1,471 22, 700 4,673 2,988 2,767 2,738 2,024 3,277 2,302 1,264 667 24,957 4,304 3,359 3,324 3,314 2,489 3,591 2,506 1,266 804 1,448 329 277 215 181 120 175 92 134 87 67 56 26 39 29 10 7 195 190 148 125 94 136 63 23 19 Can read and write. CITY OP PONCE. 21, 978 9,796. 1,255 10, 927 3,122 3,172 3,423 3,136 2,317 3,194 1,995 1,094 525 1,171 1,246 1,370 1,339 1,044 1,556 1,096 644 330 310 208 166 155 102 146 96 42 30 1,641 1,718 20 to 24 years. . . 1,887 25 to 29 years... 1,642 30 to 34 years.. 1,171 1,492 803 55 to 64 years 408 165 Total males 10, 183 4,053 344 5,786 10 to 14 years 1,533 1,428 1,595 1,518 1,089 1,511 863 470 176 588 560 531 596 402 637 395 237 107 119 68 40 38 20 22 22 10 5 826 800 20to24years 1,024 25 to 29 years 884 30to34years 667 35 to 44 years 852 46 to 54 years 446 55 to 64 years 223 65 years and over 64 262 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 -years of age and over, by age, sex, rare, rrnii nntirity, and by literaqi — Continued. CITY OP PONCE— Continued. Age period. Total females 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white, both sexes . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white males 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 56 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white, both sexes 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Foreign white males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Total. Can read write. write. and write. 11,795 5,743 911 5,141 1,589 583 191 815 1,744 686 140 918 1,828 839 126 863 1,618 743 117 758 1,228 642 82 504 1,683 919 124 640 1,132 701 74 357 624 407 32 185 349 223 25 101 10,967 3,925 545 6,497 1,689 512 155 1,022 1,697 552 96 1,049 1,757 569 67 1,121 1,526 530 52 944 1,107 392 43 672 1,535 605 62 868 915 410 36 469 513 247 20 246 228 108 14 106 5,099 1,679 157 3,263 850 263 61 526 783 246 36 601 825 230 18 577 734 243 9 482 530 153 10 367 699 241 11 447 402 174 7 221 205 95 3 107 71 34 2 35 5,868 2,246 388 3,234 839 249 94 496 914 306 60 548 932 339 49 644 792 287 43 462 577 239 33 305 836 364 61 421 513 236 29 248 308 152 17 139 157 74 12 71 1,131 128 13 990 37 62 130 4 3 15 33 59 2 113 169 14 1 154 161 13 1 147 251 30 3 218 172 28 3 141 106 14 S 89 43 7 36 825 77 5 743 19 2 17 45 91 2 7 43 1 83 128 8 1 119 120 189 132 10 23 15 110 166 2 115 78 7 1 70 23 3 20 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 263 Table XVIII. — Popula&m 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. CITY OF PONCE— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 80 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes. . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and oyer . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . 9,880 1,396 1,413 1,536 1,441 1,049 1,408 908 475 254 ,259 664 600 679 666 439 623 329 187 82 5,621 732 813 857 785 610 785 679 288 172 5,743 655 691 786 795 639 921 323 312 294 345 239 373 206 135 70 332 379 192 450 400 548 452 248 145 697 155 112 97 102 r.8 81 57 19 36 182 515 CITY OF SAN JUAN. 25,438 9,252 1,785 14,401 3,481 3,859 4,041 3,567 2,569 3,698 2,198 1,308 717 1,278 1,228 1,429 1,230 881 1,369 919 599 319 336 302 264 235 168 235 123 80 42 1,867 2,329 2,348 2,102 30 to 34 years 1,520 2,094 1,156 629 356 11,886 3,846 562 7,478 1,712 1,813 1,971 1,754 1,275 1,708 929 504 220 686 533 599 543 346 516 333 198 92 146 96 91 83 49 54 23 16 4 880 1,184 20 to 24 years 1,281 25 to 29 years 1,128 30 to 34 years 880 1,138 573 290 124 364 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RIOO, 1899. Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and bg literacy — Continued. CITY OF SAN JUAN— Continued. Age period. Total females . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white, both sexes . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Native white males. . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white females . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Foreign white, both sexes. 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Foreign white males. . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Total. 13, 552 1,769 2,046 2,070 1,813 1,294 1,990 1,269 804 497 Can neither read nor write. 9,612 1,522 1,566 1,523 1,260 898 1,272 737 471 263 4,123 724 725 713 551 413 5(10 268 164 65 5,389 798 841 810 709 485 772 469 307 198 85 277 373 430 407 619 328 148 81 2,129 51 235 300 352 328 462 247 106 5,406 830 687 535 853 586 401 227 2,071 322 282 341 281 220 290 161 119 55 181 136 158 132 97 117 69 40 17 1,124 141 146 183 149 123 173 92 79 154 100 Can read but can not write. 190 206 173 152 119 181 100 64 495 Can read and write. 6,923 1,145 1,067 974 640 956 583 339 232 6,946 1,062 1,199 1,117 917 639 932 546 337 197 485 549 535 401 304 372 195 121 47 3,937 577 650 682 516 335 560 351 216 150 40 2,554 75 267 362 408 378 576 292 130 66 230 295 434 224 97 40 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 265 Table XVIII. — Population 10 years of age. and over, by age, sex, race, and nativity, and by literacy — Continued. CITY OF SAN JUAN— Continued. Age period. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read but can not write. Can read and write. Foreign white females 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 66 to 64 years 65 years and over . Colored, both sexes . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 66 years and over . Colored males 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and oyer . Colored females 10 to 14 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . . 619 42 73 78 79 157 81 42 13, 178 1,874 2,016 2,145 1,877 1,264 1,807 1,133 689 373 5,634 937 853 958 851 534 746 414 234 107 7,544 937 1,163 1,187 1,026 730 1,061 719 465 266 54 7,027 953 937 1,084 931 640 1,040 726 2,799 503 392 439 397 235 373 243 150 67 450 645 645 534 405 667 483 316 183 1,250 191 216 192 169 121 181 374 108 160 124 106 90 140 72 49 27 31 37 67 72 70 142 26 730 777 503 318 162 351 405 451 391 268 332 154 72 37 2,440 379 458 418 386 235 254 164 90 56 Table XIX. — Superior education, by age, sex, race, and nativ'Jy. PORTO RICO. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Age period. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total Male. Fe- male. 341 209 143 604 817 683 1,057 637 342 212 166 124 73 412 602 508 841 507 261 164 175 85 70 192 215 175 216 130 81 48 307 175 119 462 602 484 737 407 236 138 148 99 61 312 433 362 597 330 180 104 159 76 58 150 169 122 140 77 66 34 12 18 12 91 164 161 284 202 97 72 6 11 4 . 61 132 118 214 154 74 58 6 7 8 30 32 43 70 48 23 14 22 16 12 51 51 38 36 28 9 2 12 14 8 39 37 28 30 23 7 2 10 2 20 years 4 21 to 24 years 12 25 to 29 years 14 10 6 45 to 54 years. . . 5 55 to 64 years 2 65 years and over Porto Rico., 5,045 3,658 1,387 3,667 2,626 1,041 1,113 832 281 265 200 65 266 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XIX.— Superior education, hi/ age, sc.r, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. All classes. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Age period. Total. Male. i Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 1 6 ! 4 5 5 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 2 5 3 1 7 15 22 12 10 8 3 3 3 1 7 13 18 11 9 7 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 25 30 24 17 11 5 1 9 21 26 22 16 10 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 8 8 10 7 3 2 7 8 9 7 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 The department . 134 117 17 86 74 12 39 36 3 9 7 2 Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over The department . 200 65 10 12 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . The department . 101 48 53 91 45 46 4 1 3 6 •> 45 26 19 36 19 17 5 3 2 4 4 40 15 25 32 11 21 2 2 6 4 131 83 48 92 58 34 25 16 9 14 9 214 147 67 131 88 43 67 49 18 16 10 214 143 71 126 84 42 74 50 24 14 9 296 204 92 165 123 42 123 75 48 8 6 183 136 47 109 84 25 68 46 22 6 6 93 53 40 63 35 28 27 16 11 » 2 58 40 18 38 25 13 19 14 5 1 1 1,375 895 480 883 572 311 414 270 144 78 53 DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 years 21 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over The department . ■in 50 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 18 19 6 39 71 47 89 63 33 15 9 11 5 28 61 36 80 58 30 15 9 8 1 11 10 11 9 5 3 15 12 4 33 57 36 64 38 21 4 7 6 3 23 49 29 59 36 20 4 8 6 1 10 8 7 5 2 1 1 4 1 6 10 8 22 19 11 11 1 3 1 5 10 5 19 18 9 11 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 3 6 1 2 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 The department . 400 333 67 284 236 48 93 82 11 23 15 8 STATISTICS OF EDUCATION. 267 Table XIX.— Swpeiw education, by age, «.r, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF'MAYAGUEZ. Age period. All classes. Total. Male. Fe- male. Native white. Total. Male Fe- male. Foreign white. Total. Male. Fe- male Total. Male. Colored. male. Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 years 21 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 86 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 66 years and over The department 122 74 46 210 245 182 289 189 109 05 56 42 27 139 166 126 224 146 80 43 112 65 43 177 199 142 226 121 79 46 52 36 24 115 127 101 176 96 57 1,531 1,049 482 814 396 73 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Under 18 years. : 18 and 19 years 20 years 21 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over The department 61 39 37 124 140 123 196 95 56 36 31 24 22 88 111 104 163 75 51 34 703 20 85 111 83 151 69 37 27 669 25 19 10 61 87 67 123 54 35 25 506 163 176 32 CITY OF PONCE. 12 9 5 37 41 31 63 34 20 8 7 5 2 27 37 28 53 29 18 8 5 4 3 10 4 3 10 5 2 10 7 3 24 24 16 40 19 11 5 5 4 2 18 24 16 33 16 11 5 5 3 1 6 7 3 1 2 2 13 14 14 20 13 9 3 1 1 9 11 11 17 11 7 3 1 2 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 25 to 29 years 3 1 3 2 2 1 3 2 1 30 to 34 years 65 years and over 260 214 46 159 134 25 91 71 20 10 9 1 CITY OF SAN JUAN. 65 30 27 93 150 149 231 121 66 39 28 16 10 56 96 100 152 85 35 24 37 14 17 37 54 49 79 36 31 15 57 22 21 59 84 77 119 67 42 24 26 10 8 36 52 53 85 49 21 14 31 12 13 23 32 24 34 18 21 10 4 5 2 22 53 64 106 51 22 14 1 3 13 36 42 62 33 12 9 3 2 2 9 17 22 44 18 10 5 4 3 4 12 13 8 6 3 2 1 1 3 2 7 8 5 5 3 2 1 o 2 21 to 24 years 5 25 to 29 years 5 30 to 34 years 3 1 45 to 54 years 65 years and over The city 971 602 369 572 354 218 343 211 132 56 37 19 Table XX. — School attendance, by months, with age, sex, and race. PORTO RICO. Total. 1 month or less. 2to3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. Total attendants 26,212 2,161 4,016 3,522 6,755 9,758 Under 5 years 209 10,264 14,492 1,052 205 45 1,066 973 49 28 35 1,952 1,869 118 42 34 1,506 1,824 123 35 39 2,590 3,808 278 40 56 5 to 9 years 3,140 6,018 484 18 years and over 60 268 BEPOKT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO KIOO, 1899. Table XX. — lichool attendance, hi/ months, with age, sex, and race — Continued. PORTO RICO -Continued. Total. 1 month or less. 2to3 months. 4 to 5 months. 6 to 7 months. 8 months or more. 15,507 1,283 2,506 2,190 3,976 5,542 98 5,779 8,746 749 136 23 596 612 33 19 16 1,151 1,227 91 31 17 874 1,185 95 19 18 1,450 2,275 206 27 24 1,708 3,446 324 40 10,705 878 1,500 1,332 2,779 4,216 111 4,475 5,747 303 69 22 470 361 16 9 19 801 642 27 11 17 632 639 28 16 21 1,140 1,533 72 13 32 1,432 2,572 160 20 17, 641 1,431 2,707 2,374 4,440 6,689 128 6,842 9,746 759 166 30 705 635 36 25 18 1,283 1,274 97 35 21 991 1,243 91 28 21 1,671 2,529 189 30 38 2,192 4,065 346 48 10, 692 855 1,728 1,534 2,699 3,876 67 3,912 6,042 560 111 16 382 414 25 18 8 763 857 73 27 12 589 849 69 15 10 966 1,553 150 20 1,212 2,369 243 6,949 576 979 840 1,741 2,813 61 2,930 3,704 199 55 14 323 221 11 7 10 520 417 24 8 9 402 394 22 13 11 705 976 39 10 176 18 21 17 40 5 73 90 6 2 2 8 6 3 20 15 2 9 8 1 7 12 1 1 10 to 14 years 29 18 years and over 1 Foreign white males 81 10 12 9 20 30 2 34 39 4 2 1 4 3 1 10 8 1 5 4 1 3 7 1 1 12 1 18 years and over 1 Foreign white females 95 8 884 147 128 126 178 31 432 405 14 2 6 72 68 5 75 48 5 61 60 6 98 74 14 1 1 401 70 67 52 78 11 203 180 6 1 4 34 32 4 40 23 1 27 24 1 42 35 483 77 61 74 100 20 229 225 8 1 2 38 36 1 35 25 4 34 36 5 56 39 15 to 17 years 8 1 SCHOOL STATISTICS. 281 Table XXI. — Kind and capacity of educaliwtnl inslilulimix. PORTO RICO. Department. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humaeao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Number of schools. 42 79 85 60 67 i?3 81 467 Kind of schools. Public. Private. Religious 41 64 75 .58 55 49 70 Kind of pupils. Day. Boarding. Both 459 Department. Capacity. Number of build- ings. Seating capacity Number of teachers. Male. Female. Number of pupils. Free. Male. Female. Pay. Male. Female. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humaeao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Ric 2,295 3,814 25,908 33,597 «3,830 4 4, 135 5,585 1,393 2,337 2,989 2,505 1,771 1,966 2,836 600 979 2,283 906 1,050 1,206 1,441 206 252 286 175 119 294 357 83 227 237 92 26 124 29, 164 15, 797 8,465 1,167 1 Kind of school not stated. 2 Capacity of 4 schools not given 3 Capacity of 2 schools not given. 4 Capacity of 1 school not giveu. TABLE XXII. — Number of pupils by color and sex. Total pupils. White. Black. Department. Total. Free. Pay. Total. Free. Pay Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. m^Te.^ Fe- male. 12,282 2 3,795 35,795 23,578 2,966 8 3,590 5,012 1,856 3,106 3,223 2,226 1,689 2,496 3,278 1,146 1,958 1,604 1,451 1,008 1,362 1,833 459 698 1,133 587 651 767 873 179 239 253 132 107 260 269 72 211 233 56 23 107 303 169 139 884 346 347 196 346 99 86 444 258 220 86 183 62 50 418 68 123 101 134 7 22 25 3 4 29 3 5 1 Porto Rico 27,018 17,874 10,362 5,068 1,439 1,005 2,427 1,376 946 90 15 Mixed. Department. Total. Free. Pay. Average attendance. Male. Female. Male. Female. Aguadilla 257 550 1,688 1,006 930 898 1,388 148 293 941 696 543 518 820 79 231 732 261 376 338 434 20 13 11 18 9 30 59 10 13 4 31 2 12 75 n,417 '2,432 «2,963 Arecibo Bayamon Guayama '2,192 81,796 3 2,276 i»2,387 Humaeao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 6,717 3,959 2,451 160 147 15,463 'Number of pupils in 6 schools not given. 'Number of pupils in 3 schools not given. s Number oi pupils in 1 school not given. 'Average attendance of 8 schools omitted. 6 Averageattendanceof6schoolsomitted. Average attendance of 20 schools omitted. 'Average attendance of 9 schools omitted. 8 Average attendance of 8 schools omitted. 9 Average attendance of 15 schools omitted. i° Average attendance of 23 schools omitted. 282 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, Table XXIII.— Grand group* of occupation). Pokto Rico. TOTAL POPULATION, BOTH SEXES. Department. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 99,645 162, 308 160,046 111,986 88,501 127, 566 203, 191 23,196 36, 577 26, 264 24, 187 19, 495 26,480 42, 562 1,687 2,899 4,614 2,126 1,986 4,967 5,797 1,948 3,284 5,523 2,770 1,796 4, 556 6,638 145 221 638 220 198 354 418 5,668 8,458 15,783 6,851 5,340 8,331 14,388 67,001 110,869 107,224 75,832 59,686 82,878 133,388 953, 243 198, 761 24, 076 26,515 2,194 64,819 636,878 TOTAL MALES. 49,224 80,901 78, 229 55, 216 43,984 62,750 101,957 22,902 36,331 26,092 23,869 19,344 26, 126 42,229 1,302 2,602 4,544 2,092 1,914 4,183 5,710 1,307 2,667 4,373 2,156 1,484 3,152 5,087 125 192 538 198 172 298 360 2,299 3,528 7,919 2,841 1,801 2,785 6,242 21,289 35,681 34,763 24,060 19,269 26,206 42,329 472, 261 196,893 22,347 20, 126 1,883 27,415 203,597 TOTAL FEMALES. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 50,421 81, 407 81, 817 56,770 44,517 64,816 101, 234 480, 982 294 246 172 318 151 354 1,868 IN.", 297 70 34 72 784 87 641 717 1,150 614 312 1,404 1,551 6,389 20 29 100 22 26 66 4,930 7,864 4,010 3,539 5,546 8,146 37,404 NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 84,563 123,601 74,210 56,041 40,246 80,564 118, 784 20, 090 27,932 12,239 12,238 8,339 16,888 25,045 578,009 122,771 1,317 2,167 2,077 1,267 1,204 3,435 3,858 15,315 1,335 2,202 1,890 1,249 744 2,568 3,102 13, 090 106 168 366 166 140 261 278 4,159 5,071 5,113 2,423 1,957 3,809 6,157 28,689 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 41 61 36; 27; 19, 285,303 19,841 27, 740 12, 145 12, 052 8,275 16,684 24,858 121,595 952 1,901 2,054 1,247 1,182 2,818 3,827 13,981 857 1,653 1,328 861 560 1,526 2,290 9,076 91 145 I'JIO 150 122 214 245 1,267 1,779 2,146 3,171 1,246 802 1,503 2,913 13,660 OCCUPATIONS. 288 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupatimm — Continued. Pokto Eico — Continued. NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Department. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humaeao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Total. 42,787 62, 347 38,309 28,422 20,400 40,939 59,602 292, 706 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 249 192 94 186 64 204 187 1,176 Trade and transpor- tation. 365 266 23 10 22 617 31 Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 478 549 662 388 184 1,042 812 Profes- sional services. Domestic and personal service. 2,380 2,925 1,942 1,177 1,155 2,306 3,244 15,129 Without gainful occupa- tion. FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humaeao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 735 1,458 4,018 764 559 1,480 2,403 11, 417 175 401 188 149 71 265 340 181 329 1,636 263 198 443 745 3,796 .127 234 25 40 201 39 33 74 101 142 246 534 73 56 142 406 1,599 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Aguadilla Arecibo. . . Bayamon. Guayama. Humaeao. Mayag Ponce Porto Rico 587 1,121 3,097 653 449 1,099 1,886 8,892 174 396 187 149 71 263 1,578 181 328 1,627 263 197 438 739 3,773 75 324 83 35 123 221 23 35 178 34 30 57 79 436 135 234 612 71 53 118 380 1,503 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. 148 337 921 111 110 381 517 1 5 1 2 5 23 5 3 17 22 7 12 22 2 3 24 26 188 1 9 1 9 2 3 4 13 313 857 102 1 5 6 100 2 2 329 448 2,525 11 22 32 77 96 2,287 COLORED, BOTH SEXES. Aguadilla 14,347 37,249 81,818 55,181 47, 696 45, 522 82,004 2,931 8,244 13, 837 11,800 11,085 9,327 17, 177 189 403 901 606 584 1,089 1,194 580 .1,006 3,300 1,436 1,014 1,861 3,302 14 13 71 15 25 29 39 1,367 3,141 10,136 4,355 3,327 4,380 7,825 9,266 Arecibo 24,442 Bayamon 53, 573 Guayama... 36, 969 Humaeao 31, 661 Mayaguez 28,836 Ponce 52,467 Porto Rico 363,817 74,401 4,966 12,499 206 34,531 237,214 284 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO. RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Porto Rico — Continued. COLORED MALES. Department. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tions. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 6,861 18, 526 39,231 26, 944 23, 689 22,026 40, 789 2,887 8,195 13, 760 11, 668 10, 998 9,179 17, 033 169 373 863 582 535 927 1,144 2,721 1,212 1,503 2,576 178,066 73, 720 10,157 385 1,148 4,236 1,524 946 1,164 2,949 12,352 2,992 7,959 17,591 11,944 10,301 9,226 17,051 77,064 COLORED FEMALES. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 7,486 18,723 42,587 28,237 24,007 23,496 41,215 185, 751 77 132 87 148 144 681 24 49 162 50 163 167 579 224 125 373 982 1,993 5,900 2,831 2,381 3,216 4,876 22,179 6,274 16,483 35,982 25,025 21,360 19,610 35,416 160,150 Department op Aguadilla. total' population, both sexes. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 10, 581 17, 830 14,888 20,883 12, 410 6,641 16, 412 3,078 8,134 3,778 4,729 2,833 1,417 4,227 198 634 152 226 50 288 139 98 813 302 256 71 46 362 14 50 18 34 6 5 18 191 1,281 992 1,491 451 417 845 7,002 11,918 9,646 14,147 8,999 4,468 10,821 99,645 23,196 1,687 1,948 145 5,668 67,001 TOTAL MALES. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Rincon San Sebastian The department 5,228 8,580 7,146 10,483 6,244 3,344 8; 199 49,224 2,907 3,124 3,767 4,718 2,818 1,400 4,168 22, 902 54 623 138 226 50 74 137 85 608 131 203 64 38 178 125 42 577 127 817 279 272 185 2,128 3,605 2,969 4,488 3,028 1,556 3,515 21,289 OCCUPATIONS. 285 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Aguadilla — Continued. TOTAL FEMALES. District. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Rincon San Sebastian The department Total. 5,353 9,250 7,742 10,400 6,166 3,297 8,213 60,421 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 171 10 11 11 15 17 59 294 Trade and transpor- tation. 144 11 14 214 2 Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 13 '205 171 53 7 8 184 Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. 149 704 865 674 172 146 660 Without gainful occupa- tions. NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Rincon San Sebastian The department 8,849 13,432 12,892 18,252 10, 941 5,644 14, 553 84,563 2,633 2,543 3,255 4,128 2,548 1,219 3,764 20, 090 184 416 136 165 42 266 108 66 464 226 194 CO 31 294 1,336 692 764 1,194 386 320 720 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Eineon San Sebastian The department 2,484 2,534 3,247 4,118 2,539 1,205 3,714 19,841 41 410 124 165 42 64 106 60 357 95 144 54 23 124 102 662 215 170 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. 4,460 6,959 6,686 9,138 5,398 2,819 7,327 149 9 8 10 9 14 50 143 6 12 6 107 131 50 6 8 170 2 4 4 1 1 1 2 69 324 662 532 138 105 550 4,091 6,509 5,869 8,545 5,244 2,489 202 2 6,553 42,787 249 366 478 15 2,380 39,300 FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. 41 219 82 277 17 17 82 6 16 34 74 5 5 35 3 91 7 53 2 6 19 2 17 4 8 1 12 20 21 9 79 3 5 5 9 Aguadilla 62 28 10 2 53 Moca 5 Rincon 1 2 21 The department 735 175 181 33 25 142 179 286 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Aguadilla — Continued. FOREIGN WHITE MALES. District. Aguada Aguadilla Isabeia Lares Moca Rineon San Sebastian The department. Total. 32 179 54 231 12 16 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. 9 40 28 46 5 1 19 9 1 1 2 3 1 38 26 1 1 41 4 1 19 148 1 2 7 138 COLORED, BOTH SEXES. 1,691 4,179 1,914 2,354 1,452 980 1,777 439 575 489 527 280 193 428 11 127 9 8 6 16 12 30 332 72 54 11 15 66 88 568 219 218 62 92 120 1,123 2,572 5 2 2 1 1,123 1,546 1,092 664 4 1,147 14,347 2,931 189 580 14 1,367 9,266 COLORED MALES. Aguada Aguadilla Isabeia Lares Moca Rineon San Sebastian The department 807 1,928 886 1,138 689 503 910 6,861 417 574 486 527 274 190 419 2,887 10 122 7 23 234 32 51 10 15 52 189 18 79 29 52 10 385 COLORED FEMALES. Aguada 884 2,251 1,028 1,216 763 477 867 22 1 3 1 5 2 7 98 40 3 1 80 379 201 139 33 40 110 774 2 1,766 782 Isabeia 1 6 3 9 Rineon 12 14 7,486 44 20 163 3 982 6,274 OCCUPATIONS. 287 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Arecibo. total population, both sexes. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales— Hatillo Manatl Morovis Quebradillas TJtuado The department 7,696 1,974 2,605 4,686 2,475 2,257 2,431 1,584 11,069 1,017 138 99 211 101 318 147 108 760 1,180 133 128 349 66 543 94 171 621 162, 308 36, 577 3,284 2,193 595 618 950 276 1,515 236 272 1,803 24,849 6,506 7,421 12,004 7,519 9,323 8,390 5,283 29,674 TOTAL MALES. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 18,403 4,724 5,271 9,074 5,164 6,864 5,672 3,579 22,150 80, 901 7,542 1,970 2,684 4,546 2,435 2,229 2,424 1,580 11,021 1,013 136 96 209 98 310 145 100 495 918 115 52 212 62 454 93 130 531 061 7,803 326 2,169 216 2,310 200 3,894 79 2,479 73b 3,107 165 2,845 124 1,634 632 9,440 TOTAL FEMALES. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 18,507 54 4 262 9 1,132 4,633 4 2 18 3 269 5,616 21 3 76 3 402 9,041 40 2 137 2 750 5,286 40 3 3 2 197 7,125 28 8 89 4 780 5,637 7 2 1 1 81 3,853 4 8 41 3 148 21, 710 48 265 90 2 1,171 81,407 246 297 717 29 4, 930 17,046 4,337 6,111 8,110 5,040 6,216 5,545 3,649 20,134 75,188 NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. 25,453 6,255 9,747 13,942 8,590 7,955 9,197 6,611 36,851 5,322 1,010 2,330 3,431 1,963 1,208 1,972 1,388 9,308 705 105 92 161 85 177 116 100 626 723 82 113 273 54 268 73 149 467 53 70 11 13 13 22 10 13 23 1,069 285 501 621 186 802 166 223 1,219 17,581 3,763 6,700 9,443 6,289 5,478 6,861 4,738 25,208 Hatillo Quebradillas Dtuado 123, 601 27, 932 2,167 2,202 168 5,071 86, 061 288 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII.— Grand groups of occupation.-!— Continued. Department of Arecibo — Continued. NATIVE WHITE MALES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 12,681 2,617 4,724 6,863 4,205 3,876 4,578 3,183 18, 527 5,278 1,010 2,313 3,396 1,934 1,193 1,967 1,384 9,265 702 104 89 160 82 171 114 93 386 544 70 40 158 51 210 72 114 394 48 7 10 11 11 18 9 10 21 560 212 158 106 49 424 106 110 421 5,549 1,214 2,114 3,032 2,078 1,860 2,310 1,472 8,040 61,254 27, 740 1,901 1,653 145 2,146 27, 669 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 12, 772 2,638 5,023 7,079 4,385 4,079 44 3 1 3 1 3 6 179 12 73 115 3 58 5 3 1 2 2 4 509 73 343 515 137 378 17 35 29 15 4,619 3,428 18, 324 5 4 43 2 7 240 1 35 73 1 3 2 59 113 798 62,347 192 266 549 23 2,925 12,032 2,549 4,586 6,411 4,211 3,618 4,551 3,266 17,168 FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 417 84 146 27 18 36 66 13 11 4 1 11 154 36 6 5 4 43 148 53 34 6 1 33 131 140 47 19 6 52 2 16 31 15 6 39 12 12 2 1 4 56 13 3 1 1 11 307 124 59 13 8 62 1,458 401 329 76 40 246 106 26 60 21 45 32 8 27 41 FOEEIGN WHITE MALES. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 90 131 80 112 35 30 271 1,121 S4 13 35 53 43 19 12 13 124 145 11 6 34 6 52 12 75 OCCUPATIONS. 289 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Arecibo — Continued. FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining- Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without grainful occupa- tion. 94 17 64 17 51 28 4 26 36 1 3 90 17 1 1 2 1 1 5 2 59 16 4 42 26 4 26 3 33 337 6 1 1 5 12 313 COLORED, BOTH SEXES. 11,040 4,036 986 4,025 1,728 5,894 2,073 765 6,702 2,190 951 239 1,102 466 1,030 447 183 1,637 166 22 1 16 10 89 19 5 75 430 47 10 70 9 259 19 21 141 4 1,088 299 74 296 59 698 67 38 522 7,162 2,717 1 1 661 2,540 1,185 5 3,813 1,521 518 2 4,325 37,249 8,244 403 1,006 13 3,141 24, 442 COLORED MALES. 5,399 2,058 457 2,080 879 2,876 1,059 366 3,352 2,180 947 236 1,097 458 1,017 445 183 1,632 166 21 1 15 10 87 19 4 50 347 41 8 48 9 228 19 15 124 3 465 103 16 62 4 298 45 3 162 2,238 946 Camuy 1 1 195 857 398 5 1,241 531 161 2 1,392 18, 526 8,195 373 839 12 1,148 7,959 COLORED FEMALES. 5,641 1,978 529 1,945 849 3,018 1,014 399 3,350 10 4 3 5 7 13 2 83 6 2 22 1 623 196 58 234 55 400 22 35 370 4,924 1 1,771 466 1 1,683 Hatillo 787 2 31 2,572 990 1 25 6 17 357 5 2,933 18, 723 49 30 167 1 1,993 16,483 8490—00- -19 290 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Bayamon. total population, both sexes. District. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande... Rio Piedras. . . San Juan Toa Alta. Toa Baja Trujillo Alto . Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 160, 046 Total. 19,940 11,965 11,508 3,804 12, 522 8,101 12,365 13, 760 32,048 7,908 4,030 5,683 6,107 10,305 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 3,627 2,553 2,686 617 2,589 2,045 2,700 2,562 198 1,734 764 1,000 1,254 1,935 26,264 Trade and transpor- tation. 470 189 50 65 122 35 133 300 2,710 125 93 62 83 187 4,614 Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 615 213 66 68 153 44 167 280 1, 304 266 79 34 69 ir.5 5,523 Profes- sional service. 46 18 12 10 10 13 19 32 428 10 10 9 6 16 Domestic and personal service. 1,273 974 344 216 797 352 709 955 7,387 796 259 369 301 1,051 638 15, 783 Without gainful occupa- tion. 13,909 8,018 8,350 2,838 8,851 5,612 8,637 9,631 18,021 4,977 2,825 4,209 4,395 6,951 107,224 TOTAL MALES. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande Rio Piedras San Juan Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 9,722 3,615 464 518 39 533 5,915 2,525 187 187 15 250 5,574 2,661 50 58 10 192 1,882 617 65 63 6 155 6,287 2,579 122 90 7 463 4,026 2,033 36 37 11 143 6,110 2,674 132 83 16 254 6,688 2,553 290 247 24 524 15,100 195 2,667 2,659 370 4,045 3,963 1,720 124 131 9 95 2,038 764 92 74 7 206 2,821 987 57 30 7 229 3,011 1,236 83 62 4 212 5,092 1,933 186 134 13 618 78,229 26,092 4,544 4,373 538 7,919 4,553 2,751 2,603 986 3,026 1,767 2,951 3,050 5,164 1,884 895 1,511 1,414 2,208 34,763 TOTAL FEMALES. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande Rio Piedras San Juan Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 10,218 6,050 5,934 1,922 6,235 4,075 6,255 7,072 16, 948 3,945 1,992 2,862 3,096 5,213 81,817 172 12 6 28 2 26 10 12 26 1 9 10 3 43 14 1 1 13 5 18 97 26 8 5 63 7 84 33 645 135 6 4 7 31 100 740 724 152 61 334 209 455 431 ;,342 701 63 140 7,864 9,356 5,267 5,747 1,852 5,825 3,845 5,686 6,581 12,857 3,093 1,930 2,698 2,981 4,743 72,461 OCCUPATIONS. 291 Table XXIII. — Orand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Bayamon — Continued. NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Mo Grande EioPiedras San Juan Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 9,866 4,578 7,286 1,019 5,487 6,308 4,903 4,993 12,391 4,987 912 2,898 2,527 6,055 1,783 888 1,647 160 1,017 1,566 941 819 66 1,054 153 558 465 1,122 224 112 26 37 62 25 78 162 9S5 99 47 44 46 130 260 48 46 34 57 26 200 30 17 20 103 74,210 12,239 2,077 12 14 20 210 10 7 479 154 234 43 306 230 335 285 1,816 470 26 150 120 465 5,113 7,091 3,364 5,325 740 4,036 4, 449 3,466 3,610 8,425 3,154 649 2,121 1,873 4,222 52,525 NATIVE WHITE MALES. 4,778 2,310 3,533 500 2,798 3,148 2,387 2,388 5,541 2,451 445 1,459 1,241 2,922 1,775 881 1,630 160 1,011 1,555 922 818 66 1,048 153 560 455 1,121 220 112 26 37 62 25 78 159 976 98 46 40 46 129 198 44 38 31 32 20 27 81 622 95 26 14 20 80 22 9 6 2 6 10 12 17 183 9 5 6 2 11 232 92 176 35 235 108 227 192 1,276 71 18 109 112 288 2,331 1,172 1,657 235 1,452 1,430 1,121 1,121 2,418 1,130 197 Trujillo Alto 740 606 1,293 35,901 12, 145 2,054 1,328 300 3,171 16, 903 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. 5,088 2,268 3,753 519 2,689 3,160 2,516 2,605 6,850 2,536 467 1,439 1,286 3,133 8 7 17 4 62 4 8 3 25 6 42 16 261 105 4 3 7 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 33 1 2 2 1 2 247 62 58 8 71 122 108 93 640 399 8 41 8 177 4,760 2,192 3,668 505 6 11 19 1 2,584 3,019 2,345 3 9 1 1 4 2,489 6,007 Toa Alta 6 2,024 452 Trujillo Alto 8 10 1 1,381 1,267 1 23 2,929 38, 309 94 23 562 66 1,942 35, 622 292 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP POKTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Bayamon — Continued. FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personr. I service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande RioPiedras San Juan Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 330 100 56 41 57 30 71 231 2,872 29 47 35 19 100 4,018 113 33 14 5 26 6 25 99 1,243 6 14 10 7 35 2 4 24 246 3 6 2 1 4 1,636 333 12 3 2 4 1 1 2 7 163 2 201 34 26 9 7 10 6 12 24 3S0 117 17 9 21 10 6 13 53 824 3 12 11 4 26 1,126 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande RioPiedras San Juan Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 239 29 113 24 12 34 84 10 33 11 3 25 48 19 14 3 2 9 26 50 4 7 5 26 3 1 7 10 3 25 9 6 2 1 6 60 15 25 4 2 11 190 24 96 24 4 22 2,190 16 1,237 238 146 362 26 37 17 3 6 14 2 6 1 10 27 16 7 2 10 7 2 1 5 3 2 79 25 35 4 1 8 3,097 187 1,627 324 178 512 27 2 1 7 20 191 1 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. 91 16 8 15 7 5 11 41 682 3 10 8 3 21 1 1 1 14 5 1 2 18 3 6 3 17 8 1 633 2 Toa Alta Toa Baja 1 Trujillo Alto 8 Vega Alta 1 20 921 1 9 9 23 22 857 OCCUPATIONS. 293 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Bayamon — Continued. COLORED, BOTH SEXES. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Eio Grande RioPiedras San Juan ., ToaAlta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 9,744 7,287 4,166 2,744 6,978 1,763 7,391 8,536 16, 785 2,892 3,071 2,750 3,561 4,150 81, 818 1,814 1,655 1,020 453 1,565 470 1,744 1,719 116 663 608 435 787 788 13, 837 133 44 10 13 34 4 482 20 32 331 154 17 34 93 16 94 159 2,175 '63 43 15 48 58 901 3,300 760 794 101 166 481 116 362 646 5,191 326 223 214 178 578 10,136 6,701 4,637 3,016 2,077 4,805 1,157 5,158 6,968 8, 772 1,820 2,164 2,077 2,518 2,703 53,573 COLORED MALES. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito Rio Grande Rio Piedraa San Juan ToaAlta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta Vega Baja The department 4,705 3,521 1,993 1,356 3,439 853 3,663 4,110 7,369 1,486 1,556 1,335 1,754 2,091 39,231 1,811 1,634 1,012 453 1,561 469 1,737 1,711 113 655 608 430 779 787 13,760 131 42 10 13 34 4 29 35 454 20 32 7 863 296 132 17 32 65 15 52 142 1,799 34 42 14 41 50 2,721 267 133 7 113 218 29 16 310 2,407 24 178 115 97 322 2,195 1,577 945 744 1,571 336 1,827 1,909 2,555 753 695 768 807 909 17, 591 COLORED FEMALES. 5,039 3,766 2,173 1,388 3,539 910 3,728 4,426 9,416 1,406 1,515 1,415 1,807 2,059 3 21 8 2 2 35 22 493 661 94 53 263 87 346 336 2,784 302 45 99 81 256 4,506 3,060 2,071 1,333 2 38 1 42 17 376 29 1 1 7 8 4 1 7 8 3 8 3,234 821 1 4 28 1 2 8 3,331 4,059 6,217 ToaAlta 1,067 1,469 Trujillo Alto . 5 8 1 1 1,309 1,711 1,794 42,687 77 38 579 11 5,900 35,982 294 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Guayama. TOTAL POPULATION BOTH SEXES. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comedo Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 1,593 793 4,386 2,870 1,878 1,828 2,147 1,813 2,388 1,411 3,080 182 231 476 257 94 102 300 93 142 103 146 120 291 460 439 62 111 666 88 200 183 150 24, 187 524 274 774 1,272 229 492 1, 425 422 652 TOTAL MALES. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 23,869 178 231 471 254 94 101 293 91 140 97 142 2,092 94 216 410 370 61 87 497 83 99 107 132 11 125 13 80 40 274 24 517 ft 114 11 232 48 711 13 243 13 68 11 117 9 360 TOTAL FEMALES. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama. Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 4,109 2,573 10,017 7,339 3,777 4,120 6,603 4,309 4,253 2,767 6,903 56, 770 36 15 2 1 10 36 174 17 19 318 26 75 50 69 1 24 169 5 101 76 18 614 194 500 755 115 260 678 182 292 4,010 NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 56,041 645 207 1,854 1,921 1,608 1,150 1,085 544 1,545 521 1,158 12,238 86 90 289 171 76 68 184 40 93 58 97 1,257 60 52 220 215 50 61 2SS 24 137 75 67 12 163 9 50 29 226 18 520 4 176 12 240 43 499 12 62 13 210 6 101 8 176 2,423 OCCUPATIONS. 295 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Guayama — Continued. NATIVE WHITE MALES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 1,602 644 207 1,838 1,913 1,606 1,150 1,076 628 1,422 619 1,149 84 90 2*7 169 76 67 182 40 97 68 97 45 30 181 165 49 45 182 21 57 12,052 1,247 861 150 59 24 149 190 96 140 .322 *52 39 43 126 1,246 NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 1,723 678 4,489 4,687 3,307 2, 579 3,237 1,229 2, 826 994 2,674 28,422 186 1 2 16 2 8 2 2 1 9 2 16 123 1 2 9 16 22 39 50 1 16 106 3 80 12 14 104 26 77 324 80 100 177 10 171 58 .Ml FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. 36 59 163 116 32 27 138 25 53 59 56 15 7 37 22 11 8 11 9 13 8 8 8 21 53 35 10 10 57 7 26 16 20 3 3 14 23 1 2 19 1 7 8 4 1 3 9 7 1 1 8 1 2 7 25 12 17 6 4 12 3 3 8 6 38 12 3 2 31 4 4 6 2 13 16 The department 764 149 263 85 39 73 155 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. 32 43 136 104 30 24 115 23 50 50 46 15 7 37 22 11 8 11 9 13 8 8 8 21 53 35 10 10 67 7 26 16 20 3 3 14 22 1 2 19 1 6 8 4 1 3 9 6 1 2 3 Arroyo 9 Caguas 10 17 6 4 12 3 3 8 6 13 2 Cidra 1 Comerio Guayama 6 1 10 Gurabo 2 Juncos 2 Salinas 6 1 4 San Lorenzo 7 The department 653 149 263 83 34 71 53 296 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Guayama — Continued. FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. District. Totai. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining, Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Proses- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 4 16 27 12 2 3 23 2 3 9 10 4 1 16 2 25 1 1 10 2 1 2 2 21 2 1 2 9 1 9 111 2 5 2 102 COLORED, BOTH SEXES. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comedo Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 4,616 3,522 10,792 5,184 963 3,082 6,272 6,165 2,797 3,585 8,203 579 2,495 927 259 670 1,051 1,260 830 882 1,914 65,181 j 11,800 120 134 51 8 24 69 46 18 29 29 226 201 11 48 359 63 56 100 79 1,436 15 359 224 536 735 47 248 878 360 185 313 470 4,355 COLORED MALES. Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo The department 2,234 1,643 6,291 2,544 495 1,544 2,929 3,087 1,372 1,821 26,944 926 579 2,475 920 259 669 1,050 1,240 779 867 1,904 11,668 120 131 50 8 24 .54 44 17 23 25 582 46 183 215 183 11 40 296 61 36 66 75 64 66 115 304 12 88 377 188 26 66 228 COLORED FEMALES. 2,382 1,879 5,501 2,640 468 1,638 3,343 3,078 1,425 1,764 4,219 7 2 11 53 11 18 295 168 421 431 85 160 501 172 159 247 242 2,067 1,658 20 7 3 1 1 6,045 2,183 433 Cayey Comerio 1 1 20 61 15 10 8 63 2 20 34 4 1,369 2,773 2 882 5 2 1 6 4 1,194 1,462 28,237 132 24 224 1 2,831 25,025 OCCUPATIONS. 297 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Humacao. total population, both sexes. District. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department Total. 16, 782 14,313 6,221 10, 873 11,163 8,602 6,642 13,905 88,501 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 19,495 Trade and transpor- tation. 290 364 86 343 255 174 225 249 Manu facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 405 400 107 142 121 103 253 265 1,796 Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. 1,180 572 377 671 785 429 727 599 5,340 Without gainful occupa- tion. TOTAL MALES. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department 8,129 7,099 3,106 5,388 5,589 4,283 3,407 6,983 43,984 3,609 2,951 1,217 2,416 2,312 1,956 1,393 3,490 19,344 85 328 250 173 199 245 1,914 312 378 97 lit 107 72 175 228 1,484 172 154 207 214 140 378 113 312 283 1,801 TOTAL FEMALES. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department 8,653 7,214 3,115 5,485 5,574 4,319 3,235 6,922 44,517 151 72 1,026 365 163 531 407 316 415 316 3,539 NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department I/, 880 2,118 215 228 33 603 5,964 1,080 216 164 35 164 1,717 327 69 32 9 *ij 0, 5S-, 1,416 212 70 9 316 5,334 1,111 142 48 6 245 3,881 862 88 51 10 159 2,545 457 105 74 24 202 4,340 968 158 77 14 198 40,246 8,339 1,204 7d4 140 1,957 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Fajardo 4,793 2,624 fl 3, 220 2,692 1,954 1,252 2,144 2,100 1,070 325 1,415 1,104 862 454 945 210 211 68 206 141 88 102 156 163 151 29 51 38 29 37 62 31 29 7 9 5 9 20 12 95 85 47 75 143 67 125 165 2,194 1,378 Humacao Maunabo . . . 391 Naguabo 1,464 Patillas 1,261 899 Vieques 514 Yabucoa 804 19,846 8,275 1,182 560 122 802 8,905 298 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Humacao — Continued. NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 5,087 •3.040 860 3, 365 2,642 1,927 1,293 2,196 18 10 2 1 7 5 4 1 6 1 65 13 3 19 10 22 37 15 2 6 2 508 79 23 241 102 92 77 33 4,489 2,928 819 3,098 i 1 4 2 2,521 1,812 3 23 3 2 1,169 2,121 20,400 64 22 184 18 1,155 18,957 FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department ins 146 20 15 33 23 138 46 I US 56 33 41 1 10 10 3 53 12 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department 83 13 38 6 7 7 125 10 64 13 7 10 19 6 7 1 o 3 36 15 12 4 3 29 22 6 6 15 6 1 2 1 6 96 8 38 7 7 21 39 7 17 5 3 2 449 71 197 36 30 53 12 21 2 6 2 15 6 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. 25 21 1 9 4 1 42 7 1 2 1 1 21 20 1 1 8 4 1 3 1 38 7 110 1 3 3 3 100 OCCUPATIONS. 299 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Humacao — Continued. COLORED. BOTH SEXES. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department 6,794 8,203 4,484 4,243 5,796 4,698 3,959 9,519 1,503 1,883 1,206 1,090 931 2,587 85 10 119 171 223 74 72 72 50 169 183 47, 696 11, 085 584 351 539 264 503 4,506 5,611 3,197 2,714 3,879 3,214 2,266 6,274 31,661 COLORED MALES. 3,253 4,050 2,220 2,132 2,808 2,307 2,059 4,800 1,496 1,871 886 986 1,202 1,0SS 931 2,538 28 83 10 110 94 79 59 72 143 214 67 64 68 41 131 161 8 3 1 2 52 112 164 62 234 40 166 116 1,626 1,767 1,093 909 1,268 1,059 767 5 1 1,912 23, 689 10, 998 535 889 20 946 10, 301 COLORED FEMALES. 3,541 4,153 2,264 2,111 2,928 2,391 1,900 4,719 7 12 13 8 2 28 9 7 8 4 9 38 22 1 517 286 140 289 305 224 337 283 2,980 3,844 2,104 9 4 1 23 2 1,805 4 2 2,611 2,155 3 1 1,499 49 4,362 24,007 87 49 125 5 2,381 21,360 Department op Mayaguez. total population, both sexes. 13,311 16,154 3,215 8,789 11,279 8, 312 35,700 15, 187 10, 560 20, 246 2,823 3,494 597 2,242 2,835 2,193 5,287 6SS 2,465 4,544 266 1,277 35 119 111 109 2,110 l,6iS 241 699 415 1,047 61 67 92 127 2,179 1,685 147 421 23 36 3 9 15 10 194 166 13 51 866 770 283 254 664 360 3,431 2,609 453 1,350 8,918 9,530 2,236 6,098 7,662 5,513 22,499 8,61,7 7,241 13,181 127, 566 26,480 4,967 4,556 354 8,331 82, 878 300 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII.— Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Mayaguez — Continued. TOTAL MALES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing 'and me' chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 6,651 8,015 1,602 4,382 6,692 4,220 17, 049 6,765 6,291 9,948 2,811 3,470 597 2,225 2,817 2,163 5,176 iS9 2,432 4,435 245 597 35 119 108 108 2,080 1,625 237 654 242 376 53 66 83 122 1,711 3,304 112 387 17 31 3 8 12 10 162 1S8 11 44 315 145 251 99 166 158 99. 808 138 516 2,921 3,396 663 1,865 2,504 1,659 6,925 2,431 2,361 3,912 62,750 26, 126 4,183 3,152 298 2,785 26,206 TOTAL FEMALES. 6,760 8,139 1,613 4,407 5,587 4,092 18,651 8,m 5,269 10,298 12 24 21 680 173 671 8 1 9 5 468 382 35 34 6 5 551 625 32 155 396 202 2,436 1,801 315 834 5,997 6,134 1,573 4,233 17 18 30 111 74 33 109 1 3 3 1 30 28 4 45 5,158 3,854 32 27 2 7 15,574 City of Mayaguez 6,1/6 4,880 9,269 64, 816 354 784 1,404 56 5,546 56,672 NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Afiaseo Cabo Eojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez. . Sabana Grande San German The department 2,297 2,716 372 1,662 2,183 1,510 3,525 28S 679 1,944 16,888 215 1,056 25 105 82 75 1,382 1,030 114 381 3,435 866 36 51 60 68 1,010 7S8 52 137 2,568 18 29 2 8 12 7 122 97 11 42 251 503 468 157 163 392 215 1,482 1,067 89 340 3,809 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Afiaseo CaboRojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez- . Sabana Grande San German The department ,172 ., 348 969 39,625 2,286 2,697 372 1,648 2,170 1,491 3,460 243 677 16,'684 195 487 25 105 81 75 1,371 1,012 113 2,818 150 279 28 60 »3 65 46 119 14 25 2 7 9 7 103 82 10 37 214 195 114 146 72 126 104 514 >,iS 44 189 OCCUPATIONS. 301 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Mayaguez — Continued. NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. District, Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez Ody of Mayaguez. . Sabana Grande San German The department 5,327 6,516 925 3,361 4,383 2,846 11,457 i,S61 1,527 4,597 20 569 138 587 8 1 7 3 274 ■ilk 6 18 40,939 204 1,042 354 11 91 207 111 90s 61U 45 151 2, 306 FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez. . Sabana Grande San German The department 56 13 19 5 5 6 68 17 14 5 5 2 23 6 3 1 7 33 20 1 3 1 2 106 36 17 4 3 18 162 59 24 10 2 26 897 63 356 87 49 74 754 18 308 76 a 56 32 17 6 2 2 1 113 34 23 11 6 6 1,480 265 443 127 74 142 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. 48 45 19 29 86 127 635 621 28 82 13 17 6 20 36 57 63 18 17 34 19 14 3 17 24 331 SOS 6 23 5 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 38 S7 1 4 6 2 7 2 18 26 50 SL 1 6 2 4 2 3 4 10 84 73 2 11 2 8 8 69 S6 1 4 1,099 263 438 123 57 118 100 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. 8 13 4 4 20 35 262 as 4 31 2 1 6 Cabo Rojo 1 11 4 Lajas 4 Las Marias 20 Maricao 2 33 5 6 3 s 11 10 1 2 24 n 219 193 Sabana Grande 3 San German 29 The department 381 2 5 4 17 24 329 302 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO EICO, 1899. Table XXIII.— Grand Groups of occupations— Continued. Department op Mayaguez — Continued. COLORED, BOTH SEXES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez . . . Sabana Grande San German The department 2,756 3,232 1,298 2,047 2,402 2,406 12, 627 6,099 7,492 11,262 513 761 219 560 016 624 1,699 232 1,769 2,566 32 207 7 13 12 10 392 320 121 205 122 176 25 13 28 49 45, 522 1,861 357 300 119 89 154 119 1,875 i,im 363 1,004 COLORED MALES. Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez . . . Sabana Grande San German The department. 1,331 1,022 614 1,005 1,218 1,195 5,695 t,ai 3,754 5,592 512 756 219 657 611 615 1,653 198 1,738 2,518 31 96 7 13 10 9 378 S10 118 265 87 93 25 13 26 47 891 707 64 257 114 29 98 25 25 28 431 326 93 321 2 1 21 19 3 22, 026 9,179 927 1,503 27 1,164 COLORED FEMALES. Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez . . . Sabana Grande San German The department 1,425 1,610 684 1,042 1,184 1,211 6,932 S,6%8 3,738 5,670 23,496 148 1 111 102 2 2 191 Wit 29 10 S58 2-13 271 21 64 129 91 1,444 1,160 270 683 3,216 Department op Ponce, total population, both sexes. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas . Barros Coamo Guayanilla . . . Juana Diaz. . - Penuelas Ponce . City of Ponce. Santa Isabel Yauco The department 203, 191 19,484 8,596 8,103 14, 845 15, 144 9,540 27,896 12, 129 55, 477 27, 952 4,858 27, 119 4,798 2,057 2,102 3,889 2,827 2, 299 6,926 2,815 7,953 523 1,005 6,891 42,562 238 166 52 89 295 139 614 263 ;,320 \7S1 141 580 5,797 172 203 71 159 349 170 492 122 4,134 3,581 124 642 6,638 14 21 11 14 34 16 22 18 210 1SS 6 52 1,107 904 359 500 853 368 748 441 6,939 5,898 213 1,890 14,388 OCCUPATIONS. 303 Table XXIII. — Grand groupn of occupations — Continued. Department of Ponce — Continued. TOTAL MALES. District. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefiuelas Ponce CityoJ Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 9,872 4,489 4,013 7,527 7,584 4,842 14, 093 6,152 27,587 IS, 197 2,494 13,304 101,957 4,773 2,054 2,098 3,880 2,824 2,286 6,895 2,649 7,933 517 1,005 5,832 237 164 52 139 509 261 ;,257 ;en 135 575 147 137 62 102 204 164 410 109 2,997 2,5S8 123 582 42,229 5,710 5,087 12 19 10 13 31 14 17 14 1S3 157 4 43 551 384 76 174 377 181 197 155 3,090 11,760 132 925 6,242 TOTAL FEMALES. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefiuelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa IsaDel Yauco The department 9,612 4,107 4,090 7,318 7,560 4,698 13, 803 5,977 27, 890 U, 765 2,364 13, 815 101, 234 59 25 3 1 2 4 9 1 3 2 13 31 5 166 2 20 63 6 67 6 25 66 9 57 85 16 82 13 1,137 l,0iS 1 1,551 556 520 283 392 476 187 551 286 3,849 S,118 81 8,146 NATIVE WHITE, BOTH SEXES. 15,261 5,780 5,587 11,131 7,216 2,985 17, 332 7,022 31,253 U,268 1,606 13, 611 3,601 1,442 1,477 2,887 1,464 693 4,294 1,634 4,558 2D1 316 2,679 183 109 45 70 182 84 383 190 2,129 1,676 89 394 132 123 37 129 107 38 244 67 1,836 ' i,5ia 49 340 5 15 9 11 21 11 13 13 131 110 6 43 783 401 188 365 278 72 305 192 2,593 2,089 41 939 10,557 3,690 Barranquitas 3,831 Barros 7,669 Coamo 5,164 2,087 12, 093 Pefiuelas 4,926 20, 006 8,6iS Santa Isabel 1,105 Yauco 9,216 The department 118, 784 25,045 3,858 3,102 278 6,157 80,344 NATIVE WHITE MALES. Adjuntas... 7,684 2,945 2,781 5,618 3,634 1,516 8,776 3,532 15, 575 6,76k 797 6,524 3,686 1,440 1,473 2,881 1,463 691 4,273 1,529 4,551 ZOO 316 2,655 182 107 45 69 182 84 381 190 2,108 1,658 88 391 107 71 29 80 76 32 207 59 1,278 1,01,7 48 303 3 14 9 10 20 10 12 10 116 96 4 37 379 121 63 127 116 50 89 83 1,373 1,202 19 493 3,327 Aibonito . . . 1,192 Barranquitas . . . 1,162 Barros-. . . 2,451 Coamo. .. 1,777 Guayanilla 649 Juana Diaz . . 3,814 1,661 6,149 City of Ponce 2,561 Santa Isabel 322 2,646 The department 59,282 24,858 3,827 2,290 245 2,913 25,149 ■ . ... 304 REPORT OK THE CENSUS OF POETO RICO, 1899. Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department of Ponce — Continued. NATIVE WHITE FEMALES. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefiuelas Ponce City of Ponce — Santa Isabel Yauco The department 7,677 2,835 2,806 5,513 3,582 1,469 8,556 3,490 15, 678 7,50U 809 7,087 15 1 2 2 4 6 1 1 2 21 2 105 7 21 1 IS 1 25 52 8 49 31 6 37 8 558 50-2 1 37 59,502 404 280 125 238 162 22 216 109 1,220 887 22 446 3,244 FOREIGN WHITE, BOTH SEXES. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Peiiuelas Ponce City of Povce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 251 81 45 7 7 82 94 J8 40 11 4 13 15 1 5 4 2 2 38 7 8 7 2 9 67 13 24 3 8 5 70 22 7 1 1 25 155 29 35 10 7 38 55 22 8 3 5 8 1,358 76 484 166 58 170 i,m 43 459 144 « 109 32 268 4 67 14 75 4 18 5 49 7 2,403 340 745 234 101 406 FOREIGN WHITE MALES. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefiuelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department. 228 79 45 7 7 82 86 18 40 10 3 13 14 1 5 4 1 2 29 7 8 3 2 8 49 13 23 3 6 4 55 22 7 1 25 127 29 35 9 4 38 46 22 8 3 4 8 997 76 479 159 48 147 847 43 4« 1S8 44 «7 27 4 14 4 5 228 67 75 18 4 48 1,886 338 739 221 79 380 FOREIGN WHITE FEMALES. 23 8 1 9 18 15 28 9 361 SSB 5 40 2 21 1 1 1 6 4 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 10 20 14 'Guayanilla 14 1 24 Peiiuelas 8 5 5 7 6 23 n 5 3 l 36 517 2 6 13 22 26 OCCUPATIONS. 305 Table XXIII. — Grand groups of occupations — Continued. Department op Ponce — Continued. COLORED, BOTH SEXES. District. Adjuntas Ai l.« mi to Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayaniila ,1 nana Diaz Penuelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department Total. 3,972 2, 722 2,501 3,676 7,861 6,485 10,409 5,052 22,866 12,102 3,220 13,240 82,004 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 1,116 597 (124 995 1,350 1,584 2,603 1,159 3,319 t!9 685 3,145 17, 177 Trade and transpor- tation. 10 17 2 11 89 •18 96 65 707 596 Manu facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. :;::■ 69 30 23 239 131 238 52 2, 132 1,888 71 284 3,302 Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. 242 490 169 192 570 271 405 241 4,176 S,700 167 902 ,825 Without gainful occupa- tion. 2,569 1,547 1,676 2,454 6,608 4,447 7,066 3,535 12,511 6, IKO 2,259 8,796 52, 467 COLORED MALES. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayaniila Juana Diaz Penuelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 2,060 1,458 1,218 1,880 3,901 3,271 5,190 2, 574 11,015 5,586 1,670 6, 552 40, 789 1,108 696 624 992 1,348 1,573 2,593 1,098 3,306 Wk 685 3,110 17,033 10 17 2 11 88 48 93 C3 670 562 33 109 56 29 19 185 121 194 47 1,560 1,S5S 71 261 2,576 90 250 11 39 257 106 70 64 1,570 1,1,61 108 2,949 817 537 552 818 2,018 1,419 2,239 1,302 3,890 1,919 773 2,686 17,051 COLORED FEMALES. 1,912 1,264 1,283 1,796 3,960 3,214 5,219 2,478 11,861 6,916 1,550 6,688 8 1 152 240 158 153 313 165 335 177 2,606 2, tS9 59 518 Aibonito 13 1 4 54 10 44 6 572 535 1,010 Barranquitas Barros 3 2 11 10 61 13 5 1,636 3,590 3,028 4,826 2,233 8,621 h,101 1,486 6,110 1 Guayaniila 3 2 37 Si 5 2 1 Penuelas 2 2 Santa Isabel Yauco 35 23 The department 41,215 144 60 726 3 4,876 35,416 8490—00- -20 306 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity. PORTO RICO. Age period." Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 vears 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Total females Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males . . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 vears 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over . Native white females. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total. 953, 243 293, 949 124,353 93, 148 88,475 84,265 64,317 •91,802 59,268 33, 716 19,950 472,261 149, 694 65,112 42,919 41,664 39, 469 31,365 46,430 29, 578 16, 758 9,272 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 198,761 116 18,452 27, 782 28,441 27,817 22,084 33,164 22, 032 12,505 6,368 Trade and transpor- tation 24,076 196,893 480, 982 11,255 59,241 51,229 46,811 41,796 32, 952 45, 372 29,690 16,958 10,678 578, 009 179, 939 75,638 56,800 53,983 50,909 39,317 65,047 34,724 19,907 11, 745 285,303 91,634 39,534 25,862 25,214 23, 726 19, 155 27, 790 17, 252 9, 753 6,383 292, 706 88,305 36,104 30,938 28,769 27.183 20, 162 27,257 17,472 10,154 6,362 91 18,330 27, 618 28,301 27,644 21,916 32,822 21,663 12,285 6,223 1,868 25 122 164 140 173 168 342 369 220 145 122, 771 64 10,861 16, 739 17, 770 17,431 13,993 20, 906 13,482 7,634 3,891 172 1,575 3,525 4,279 3,787 2,970 4,205 2,162 983 418 22,347 131 1,298 3,207 4,015 3,578 2,823 3,986 2,013 911 385 Manu factoring and me- chanical indus- tries. 26, 515 34 1,332 4,357 4,758 4,087 3,046 4,530 2,522 1,255 694 Profes- sional service. 2,194 20, 126 1,729 41 277 318 264 209 147 219 149 72 15,315 54 980 2,477 2,940 2,488 1,877 2,436 1,243 564 256 121, 595 49 10,784 16, 636 17,685 17, 316 13,892 20, 695 13,255 7,490 1,176 15 77 103 85 116 101 211 227 144 98 13, 981 35 755 2,209 2,725 2,314 1,768 2,270 1,155 615 235 1,334 19 225 268 215 174 109 106 88 49 21 20 911 2,879 3,436 3,062 2,330 3,689 2,146 1,103 550 14 421 1,478 1,322 1,025 716 841 376 152 44 13, 090 24 693 2,222 2,382 2,015 1,495 2,207 1,178 596 278 9,075 11 395 1,275 1,564 1,380 1,070' 1,676 959 499 246 13 298 947 818 035 425 531 219 97 32 1 6 84 215 325 312 547 381 216 107 5 62 141 272 267 509 Domestic and per- sonal service. 64,819 1,347 6,574 10,242 10,502 8,992 7,181 9,821 5,762 2,992 1,406 27,415 1,475 63 140 202 209 384 257 146 74 1,267 38 94 166 178 35S 233 134 66 658 : % 611 3,697 4,515 3,941 3,329 4,222 2,307 1,359 7"6 37,404 3,963 6,545 5,987 5,051 3,852 5,599 3,455 1,633 28,689 565 3,129 4,906 4,893 4,032 3,306 4,066 2,164 1,089 539 13,560 295 1,378 1,995 2,276 1,925 1,781 2,019 982 667 342 15, 129 270 1,751 2,911 2,617 2,107 1, 525 2,047 1,182 622 197 OCCUPATIONS. 307 Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and PORTO RICO— Continued. ity — Continued. Age period. Total foreign white. Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. Foreign white males . Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. . . Foreign white females . Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total colored 363, 817 Total. 11,417 409 242 753 1,261 1,547 1,411 2,535 1,728 918 613 8,892 210 134 597 1,013 1,252 1,142 2,047 1,372 701 424 2,525 199 108 156 248 295 269 488 356 217 189 Under 10 years ' 113, 601 10 to 14 years . 15 to 19 years . 20 to 24 years . 25 to 29 years . 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. 48,473 35,595 33, 231 31,809 23,589 34,220 22, 816 12, 891 7,592 Colored males 178, 066 Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Colored females Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. 57,850 25,444 16, 460 15, 437 14, 491 11, 068 16, 593 10,954 6,304 3,465 185, 751 55, 751 23, 029 19, 135 17, 794 17, 318 12, 521 17,627 11,862 6,587 4,127 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 23 63 130 162 416 384 256 151 1(578 22 63 130 162 413 381 253 150 Trade and transpor- tation. 3,795 ■ 36 440 627 624 557 821 438 185 67 3,773 36 440 623 620 552 818 434 181 66 74, 401 51 7,588 11, 020 10, 608 10,256 7,929 11,842 8,166 4,615 2,326 73, 720 41 7,543 10, 960 10, 553 10, 198 7,862 11,714 8,027 4,542 2,280 681 10 45 60 55 58 67 12K 139 73 46 118 559 608 712 675 531.; 94S 481 234 95 Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 926 29 70 156 119 268 159 79 43 27 66 150 115 260 155 77 41 32 12, 499 10 636 2,106 2,306 1,916 1,432 2,055 1,185 580 273 96 507 558 667 644 503 898 424 212 373 10, 157 Profes- sional service. 513 7 41 79 77 121 100 59 29 136 21 69 64 110 86 54 29 77 513 1,577 1,806 1,532 1,145 1,753 1,032 527 263 2,342 1 123 529 500 3X1 287 31)2 153 53 10 180 26 Domestic and personal service. 1,599 1 10 73 238 270 243 3X1 245 90 45 1,503 1 9 69 221 257 230 364 231 81 40 34, 631 781 3,435 5,263 5,371 4,690 3,632 5,371 3,353 1,813 822 12, 352 362 1,224 1,633 2,018 1,759 1,318 1,839 1,094 711 22, 179 419 2,211 3,630 3,353 2,931 2,314 3,532 2,259 1,102 428 Without gainful occupa- tion. 2,995 407 190 181 222 288 253 525 402 249 27S 208 83 36 19 26 19 82 85 52 199 107 145 203 262 234 443 317 197 180 237, 214 112,640 36,249 16,584 14,200 14, 228 10, 034 13, 962 9,607 5,638 4,072 77,064 57,342 15, 652 1,721 367 321 215 348 3,57 3111 440 160, 150 55,298 20, 597 14,863 13, 833 13, 907 9,819 13, 614 9,250 6,337 3, 632 308 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued, DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. Age period. Total . Under 10 years ... 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total females Under 10 years ... 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white . . . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white females. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 04 years 65 years and over. 99,645 31,838 12, 937 9,572 8,893 8,424 6,795 9,572 6,211 3,679 2,224 49,224 16,025 6,733 4,419 4,136 3,786 3,309 4,846 3,096 1,823 1,051 50,421 15,313 6,204 5,153 4,757 4,638 3,486 4,726 3,115 1,856 1,173 84,563 26, 755 10, 939 7,960 7,491 7,171 5,890 8,205 5,255 3,063 1,834 41,776 13,749 5,741 3,646 3,459 3,205 2,859 4,144 2,622 1,510 841 42, 787 13, 006 5,198 4,314 4,032 3,966 3,031 4,061 2,633 1,553 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 2,255 3,176 3,129 3,016 2,697 3,898 2,623 1,593 Trade and transpor- tation. 1,687 3 149 240 280 252 215 297 147 74 30 22,902 7 2,247 3,163 3,115 2,995 2,671 3,838 2,549 1,542 775 20,090 6 1,926 2,667 2,699 2,644 2,388 3,453 2,284 1,368 655 19,841 5 1,920 2,659 2,686 2,629 2,366 3,402 2,217 1,323 634 75 159 218 205 180 252 122 63 28 2 128 191 228 194 171 216 112 58 17 54 112 170 148 137 175 90 51 15 Manu- faeturing and m chanical indus- tries. 3 157 362 368 282 177 301 165 87 46 2 70 173 237 198 123 240 139 79 46 1 87 189 131 84 54 61 26 1,335 3 111 257 249 194 115- 2(13 122 50 31 857 2 43 117 150 131 82 158 99 44 31 2-19 365 478 1 68 140 Profes- sional service. 145 Domestic and per- sonal service. 20 15 6,668 116 756 912 952 721 581 851 463 190 126 2,299 55 341 268 416 285 255 384 175 61 59 61 415 644 536 430 326 467 2S8 129 67 4,159 97 596 650 704 532 453 623 310 101 93 46 288 193 325 212 208 301 124 31 51 2, 380 457 379 320 245 322 186 70 42 Without gainful occupa- tion. OCCUPATIONS. 309 Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA— Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 735 175 181 33 25 142 26 8 44 87 115 77 165 99 67 47 1 1 24 1 26 25 34 21 44 19 6 5 7 3 7 24 19 44 33 26 18 7 33 23 17 35 17 7 2 1 4 6 9 5 6 2 21 4 5 8 6 2 1 26 9 25 20 20 19 587 174 181 33 23 135 41 15 3 36 65 91 67 142 83 49 36 1 1 13 1 26 25 34 21 44 19 6 5 2 3 7 24 19 44 33 25 18 7 30 22 17 34 16 6 2 1 4 6 9 5 6 2 2 4 4 7 5 2 1 3 4 6 4 8 148 1 2 7 138 11 5 8 22 24 10 23 16 18 11 11 5 8 3 1 19 23 1 1 9 1 1 1 21 15 1 16 11 14, 347 2,931 189 680 14 1,367 9,266 4,557 1,990 . 1,568 1,315 1,138 828 1,202 857 549 343 2 329 506 423 348 290 401 306 199 127 1 20 23 27 24 23 37 16 10 8 18 160 255 215 166 111 193 136 82 31 4,536 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 46 106 118 84 56 89 38 31 13 1 6 3 1 2 1 1,434 673 529 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 516 346 481 361 227 164 6,861 2,887 169 417 11 386 2,992 2,261 989 737 612 490 383 560 391 264 174 1 8 53 68 61 61 30 49 35 24 6 2,252 327 501 422 342 286 392 299 194 123 20 21 23 23 22 33 13 6 8 27 56 86 63 35 73 35 29 13 1 4 2 1 2 1 561 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 87 18 10 8 12 9 55 to 64 years 11 24 Colored females 7,486 | 44 | 20 163 3 982 6,274 Under 10 years . 2 296 I 1 1 10 107 187 154 115 81 144 101 68 26 2,284 1,001 ! 2 831 B 19 49 32 21 21 16 3 2 873 15 to 19 years 2 4 1 1 4 3 4 2 1 586 20 to 24 years 703 1 6 4 9 7 5 4 511 25 to 29 years . B4S 505 30 to 34 years . 445 338 469 352 216 65 years and over. . . 1 69 140 310 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP ARECIBO. Age period. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 yenrs 55 to 61 years 65 years' and over. Total females Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 vears 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 3-1 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years . . . 25 to 29 vears 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males .. Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 vears 20 to 24 years , 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. . Native white females . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total. 162, 308 51,476 21,505 15, G94 14,887 14, 374 11,174 15, 617 9,452 5,191 2,938 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 80, 901 26,191 11,298 7,030 6, 995 6,927 5, 575 8,067 4,802 2,609 1,407 81,407 25,285 10, 2U7 8, 664 7,892 7,447 5,599 7,550 4, 650 2, 582 1,531 123, 601 39, 930 16,439 11,871 11,361 10, 798 8, 520 11,729 6,972 3,828 2,153 01, 251 20,333 8, 627 5, 2X4 5, 2S3 5,122 4,209 5,981 3,532 1,897 '.186 ,577 21 3,145 5,186 5,196 5,446 4, 365 6,259 3,787 2,120 1,052 Trade and transpor- tation. 36, 331 17 3,117 5,165 5, 182 5,423 4,348 6,212 3,738 2,095 1,034 246 27, 932 19 2,389 3,920 4,073 4,128 3,369 4, 796 2,906 1,562 770 27, 740 17 2,363 3,904 4,060 4,110 3,351 4, 761 2, 872 1,544 755 18 204 :.i,n 510 455 377 528 269 115 55 17 155 335 467 403 345 490 246 99 45 Manu facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 3,284 163 484 558 487 376 610 357 159 90 2,567 Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. 8,458 116 784 1,435 1,570 1,153 914 1,307 726 297 156 Without gainful occupa- tion. 192 2,167 10 159 311 3X4 345 283 363 193 76 13 1,901 119 279 344 299 256 327 174 60 3-1 62, 347 19, 597 7,812 6, 587 6,078 5,676 4,311 5,748 3,440 1,931 1,167 192 76 310 409 390 316 520 319 141 87 174 149 97 60 90 38 18 4 2,202 119 319 368 327 257 419 230 105 58 48 1X5 261 251 207 350 203 93 55 71 134 107 76 60 69 27 12 145 63 274 435 730 503 417 592 304 127 53 510 ,000 840 650 497 715 422 170 73 5,071 83 520 927 994 690 521 734 361 169 72 2,146 43 187 287 449 296 270 353 142 84 35 2, 925 40 333 640 545 394 251 381 219 85 37 110,869 51,321 17,208 8,214 7,028 6,800 5,117 6,859 4,269 2,479 1,574 35,681 26,094 7,675 780 191 177 127 203 158 127 149 75,188 25,227 9,533 7,431 6,837 6,623 4,990 6,656 4,111 2,352 1,425 86,061 39,818 13,252 6,389 5,523 5,286 4,072 5,375 3,246 1,899 1,201 27,669 20,264 5,910 626 155 146 107 152 110 100 99 58.392 19,554 7,342 5,763 6,368 5,140 3,965 5,223 3,136 1,799 1,102 OCCUPATIONS. 311 Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity- Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO-Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 1,458 401 329 76 40 246 31 17 74 177 179 147 839 251 131 112 2 3 17' 33 38 98 99 65 46 1 26 72 58 48 73 27 20 4 2 16 52 30 30 57 34 12 13 3 7 9 8 18 19 4 8 26 4 8 4 11 7 4 2 65 39 1,121 396 328 75 36 234 53 17 9 48 146 141 125 269 186 104 76 17 2 3 17 33 38 97 98 63 45 i 26 72 68 48 73 27 20 3 2 16 49 30 27 56 33 11 10 4 3 6 9 8 18 19 4 8 1 8 4 11 5 4 2 3 14 4 2 8 Foreign white females 337 5 1 1 5 12 313 14 8 26 31 38 22 70 65 27 36 14 8 26 1 3 3 24 26 to 29 years 38 3 1 1 1 3 19 1 1 2 1 68 2 61 24 1 31 37,249 8,244 403 1,006 13 3,141 24,442 11, 515 5,049 3,749 3,349 3,397 2,507, 3,549 2,229 1,232 673 2 754 1,263 1,106 1,285 958 1,365 782 493 236 8 44 31 54 52 46 92 49 19 8 33 262 492 524 433 363 516 331 116 71 11,472 44 162 183 151 111 173 108 50 24 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 3,944 1,799 1,480 25 to 29 years 1,473 1,026 1,402 958 554 334 18,526 8,195 373 839 12 1,148 7,959 5,841 2,662 1,698 1,566 1,664 1,241 1,817 1,084 608 345 8 35 30 61 46 41 90 45 19 8 20 85 132 232 177 120 183 129 32 38 5,813 752 1,258 1,105 1,280 956 1,354 768 488 234 28 122 142 130 101 152 97 44 23 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 1,761 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 154 35 25 to 29 years 28 30 to 34 years 20 37 44 25 42 Colored females 18, 723 49 30 167 1 1,993 10, 483 5,674 2,387 2,051 1,783 1,733 1,266 1,732 1,145 624 328 2 2 5 1 5 2 11 14 5 2 13 177 360 292 256 243 333 202 84 33 5,659 9 1 3 6 6 2 4 16 40 41 21 10 21 11 6 1 2,183 1,645 20 to 24 years 1 1,445 25 to 29 years . 1,445 30 to 34 years 1,006 1,365 914 529 292 312 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Age period. Total. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years ; 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total females Under 10 years 24, 361 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white . . . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males . .' Total. 49, 20,i 15, : 14,' 14,: 10,! 15,; 9,' 5,'. 3,1 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 26,264 24 2,684 3,810 3,685 3,638 2,644 4,257 2,898 1,710 914 Trade and transpor- tation. 4,614 4 154 723 841 765 611 875 401 179 71 78, 229 24,772 10,744 7,418 6,964 6,673 5,003 7,543 4,749 2,795 1,568 81, 817 Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. . Native white females . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. 8,382 7,966 7,697 5,585 7,789 6,000 3,113 2,036 74, 210 23,430 9,800 7,419 6,898 6,497 4,795 6,779 4,263 2,709 1,620 35,901 11,857 5,074 3,391 3,160 2,966 2,204 3,289 2,026 1,254 680 38,309 11,673 4,726 4,028 3,738 3,531 2,591 3,490 2,237 1,455 940 26, 092 17 2, 673 3,801 3,679 3,622 2,627 4,231 2,870 1,686 7 11 9 6 16 17 26 28 24 28 12,239 11 1,192 1,636 1,734 1,759 1,245 2,024 1,367 5 1,187 1,632 1,731 1,754 1,236 2,013 1,352 839 4,544 4 162 722 829 747 602 174 65 Manu facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 5,523 6 286 880 957 910 660 953 494 264 114 Profes- sional service. 25 65 105 97 160 108 51 23 5 225 648 726 730 510 776 429 221 103 70 1 90 362 427 356 255 341 151 67 27 2,054 362 422 353 ■250 337 148 66 26 61 232 231 180 150 177 65 43 11 92 328 368 298 224 301 143 96 40 1,328 61 214 240 219 150 217 119 76 32 562 31 114 128 79 74 84 24 20 8 146 98 48 21 Domestic and personal service. 15,783 66 318 1,601 2,218 2,640 2,287 1,816 2,368 1,393 7,919 158 720 940 1,378 1,241 1,008 1,208 658 417 191 Without gainful occupa- tion. 160 881 1,278 1,262 1,046 808 1,160 735 392 142 5,113 94 566 792 923 764 620 742 331 172 109 3,171 48 307 448 576 490 428 482 198 110 84 1,942 46 259 344 347 274 192 260 133 62 25 107,224 48,781 15,904 8,144 6,742 6,675 4,760 6,719 4,455 2,895 2,149 34,763 24,588 6,972 1,293 310 245 177 322 305 249 302 72,461 24,193 8,932 6,851 6,432 6,430 4,583 6,397 4,150 2,646 1,847 52,525 23,324 7,860 4,281 3,407 3,269 2,395 3,285 2,209 1,483 1,012 16,903 11,803 3,430 725 167 108 96 163 153 131 127 35,622 11,521 4,430 3,556 3,240 3,161 2,299 3,122 2,056 1,352 885 0CCUPATI0X8. 313 Tahlk XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP BAYAMON— Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and personal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 4,018 188 1,636 333 201 534 1,126 Under 10 years 177 111 368 487 579 642 888 489 241 136 177 27 254 284 262 250 334 150 55 20 3 13 26 70 47 95 49 21 9 5 14 69 98 91 137 80 31 9 76 4 12 14 21 69 34 35 9 3 11 36 34 58 37 16 6 80 85 .99 3,097 187 1,627 324 178 83 64 307 400 477 443 691 369 178 85 83 27 254 280 260 260 333 149 54 20 3 12 25 69 47 91 48 20 9 4 14 66 95 88 131 75 30 9 4 12 14 21 59 33 35 9 2 8 31 28 53 34 16 6 24 23 32 Foreign white females 921 1 9 9 23 22 857 94 47 61 87 102 99 197 120 63 51 94 1 46 1 1 1 1 3 5 6 5 3 59 4 2 3 3 3 6 5 1 76 91 90 i 1 ■1 4 1 1 181 1 109 60 51 81, 818 13,837 901 3,300 71 10, 136 53, 573 25,526 10, 721 8,013 7,545 7,294 5,251 7,665 4,997 2,958 1,848 13 1,492 2,170 1,939 1,865 1,378 2,174 1,497 819 490 3 37 107 130 137 106 200 100 57 24 5 191 539 663 542 389 557 302 147 65 1 3 2 15 18 7 16 9 224 1,030 1,412 1,648 1,425 1,105 1,489 982 606 215 25,280 7,968 3,783 20 to 24 years 3,260 25 to 29 years 3,307 30 to 34 years 2,266 3,229 2,107 55 to 64 years 1,329 1, 054 39,231 13,760 863 2,721 60 4,236 17, 591 12,832 5,606 3,720 12 1,486 2.165 3 36 106 127 134 102 190 92 54 19 5 161 422 461 442 313 468 262 125 62 110 409 478 736 656 492 595 ii85 277 98 12, 702 2 2 10 15 7 16 8 3,512 547 20to24years 3, 404 1 - 936 134 25 to 29 years 3,230 2,356 3,563 2,354 1,363 803 1,854 1,370 2,159 1,485 812 481 129 30 to 34 years 72 135 122 95 143 Colored females 42,687 77 | 38 579 11 5,900 35, 982 12,694 5,115 1 | 1 1 114 621 934 912 769 613 894 597 329 117 12,578 6 5 3 11 8 1 1 3 3 4 30 117 102 100 76 89 40 22 3 4,456 3,236 20to24yeare 4,141 25to29yeare 4,064 30to34years : 2,895 5 3 3,116 3,178 2,194 15 10 12 , 8 7 3 9 5 3,094 2,643 1,595 1,045 1 1,985 1,234 911 314 BEPOET ON THE CENSUS OF POETO EICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. Age period. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Total 111,986 Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years . 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total females Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years '. 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white . . . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males.. . Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. . Native white females . Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 80 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. 36, 236 14, 780 10, 663 10, 063 9,764 7,364 10,357 6,677 3,879 2,203 55, 216 18, 451 7,765 4,834 4,631 4,430 3,558 5,231 3,332 1,966 1,018 56, 770 17,785 7,016 5,829 5,432 5,334 3,806 5,126 3,345 1,913 -1,186 56,041 17, 793 7,393 5,426 5,147 4,915 3,703 5,227 3,331 1,967 1,139 3,876 2,449 2,342 2,277 1,794 2,667 1,673 964 538 28,422 8,754 3,517 2,977 2,805 2,638 1,909 2,560 1,658 1,003 601 24, 187 2,126 2,770 2,563 3,295 3,367 3,322 2,697 3,937 2,721 1,546 734 14 144 344 388 328 242 359 183 2 167 496 497 386 317 454 224 150 77 :,869 2,545 3,260 3,331 3,285 2,659 3,891 2,659 1,618 719 12 141 342 384 326 239 352 175 91 2 131 353 359 292 246 384 186 137 66 318 36 143 138 94 71 70 38 13 11 12,238 1,249 1,187 1,667 1,706 1,729 1,331 2,078 1,413 805 419 4 73 234 254 207 136 192 91 43 23 79 245 223 181 146 201 85 58 31 27,619 | 12,052 861 2 1,178 1,544 1,685 1,701 1,312 2,049 1,380 792 409 186 72 233 252 206 136 190 90 43 22 — 16~ 54 154 147 118 101 153 62 50 22 25 91 76 63 45 48 23 160 -.851 165 715 1,119 1,058 1,026 738 1,086 516 306 123 2,841 76 294 396 467 430 331 448 191 132 86 4,010 421 723 601 596 407 637 325 174 37 40 244 473 402 364 317 840 139 79 25 21 118 2L3 210 187 194 172 66 31 21 1,177 19 126 247 192 177 123 168 73 48 4 OCCUPATIONS. 315 Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GOAYAMA— Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 764 149 263 85 39 73 155 24 11 43 71 88 75 194 123 77 58 24 1 2 6 6 12 42 42 27 12 1 32 43 42 34 60 30 18 3 9 1 3 10 7 34 13 9 8 1 8 9 6 20 17 7 5 7 20 to 24 years 3 6 2 11 9 4 4 8 16 14 27 12 12 26 653 149 263 83 34 71 53 13 6 38 62 73 64 174 114 66 43 13 i 2 6 5 12 42 42 27 12 1 32 43 42 34 60 30 18 3 4 1 3 9 7 34 13 9 7 1 7 9 6 20 17 '6 5 2 1 6 1 10 8 4 4 2 2 30 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 4 8 4 2 12 Foreign white females 111 2 5 2 102 11 5 5 9 15 11 20 9 11 15 11 5 5 2 1 6 1 14 i 1 1 10 19 1 8 10 1 14 55, 181 11,800 606 1,436 15 4,355 36, 969 18, 419 7,376 5,194 4,845 4,761 3,586 4,936 3,223 1,835 1,006 2 1,375 1,726 1,655 1,588 1,354 1,817 1,266 714 303 10 70 78 91 79 72 107 62 32 5 2 88 250 271 195 164 219 126 83 38 126 471 645 648 653 415 725 360 220 93 18, 280 10 to 14 years 5,372 1 2 1 2 5 2 2 2,494 20 to 24 years 2,178 2,245 1,579 2,063 1,407 784 567 26,944 11,668 682 1,212 14 1,624 11,944 9,399 3,883 2,347 2,227 2,080 1,700 2,390 1,546 936 437 9 68 77 89 78 69 102 55 30 5 2 77 198 209 165 138 197 111 78 37 55 176 169 240 234 131 266 108 95 60 9,333 i.,366 1,714 1,640 1,579 1,335 1,800 1,237 699 298 2,196 1 2 1 2 5 1 2 188 20 to 24 years 47 25 to 29 years 23 30 to 34 years 25 30 33 32 37 Colored females 28,237 132 24 224 1 2,831 25, 025 9,020 3,493 2,847 2,618 2,681 1,886 2,546 1,678 899 569 2 9 12 15 9 19 17 29 16 5 1 2 1 2 1 3 5 7 2 70 295 476 408 419 284 469 252 126 33 8,947 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 11 52 62 30 26 22 16 5 1 3,176 2,306 2,131 25to29years 30 to 34 years 2 222 1,554 2,033 1 1,374 752 530 310 REPORT OX THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Gn.tinl groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Total Under 10 year < ... 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 vears 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Total females Under 10 years . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years Go years and over. Total native white . . . Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 vears 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 05 years and over. Native white males . . Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years . . . 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white females. Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. 88,501 27,962 11,769 8,298 7,664 7,463 5,664 8,390 5,865 3,371 2,055 43,984 14,367 6,235 3,876 3,538 3,433 2,687 4,172 2,955 1,736 44,517 13,595 5,534 4,422 4,126 4,030 2,977 4,218 2,910 1,635 1,070 40,246 12, 570 5,346 3,825 3,549 3,430 2,635 3,865 2,574 1,525 927 19,846 6,448 2,818 1,750 1,611 1,590 1,227 1,946 1,268 772 416 20, 400 19,495 1,986 1,796 9 1,940 2,645 2,624 2,648 2,123 3,246 2,219 1,346 695 327 248 282 262 169 300 210 94 56 1 54 258 301 268 200 332 230 98 64 19,344 1,484 6 1,929 2,633 2,617 2,637 2,113 3,214 2,186 1,328 681 35 319 246 277 254 160 286 196 87 54 41 222 242 214 152 279 199 87 48 151 4 785 1,098 1,135 1,151 929 1,458 933 570 276 8,275 2 776 1,092 1,133 1,147 925 1,447 919 563 271 ~64 72 312 7 161 173 201 176 108 175 115 55 33 1,182 1 25 108 121 114 93 147 79 34 22 560 6 159 173 198 174 104 170 114 53 31 64 111 65 26 18 140 5,340 135 580 885 806 710 571 735 535 270 113 1,801 71 175 293 288 219 190 220 207 3,539 64 405 592 518 491 381 515 328 172 73 46 198 333 285 297 217 265 175 94 47 130 120 122 86 103 77 50 25 1,155" OCCUPATIONS. 317 Tahlr XXIV, — Grand groups of occupations by age, m, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO— Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 559 71 198 38 33 50 103 19 8 23 48 59 45 128 126 57 46 19 8 3 3 2 4 16 28 11 4 10 26 30 24 48 38 13 9 2 4 8 2 16 18 8 3 8 2 1 3 13 10 7 2 3 3 1 8 7 6 5 10 15 11 27 25 17 23 449 71 197 35 30 53 | (3 14 5 15 40 47 34 108 112 40 34 14 5 3 3 2 4 16 28 11 4 10 26 30 23 48 38 13 9 1 4 8 2 14 18 3 3 1 2 1 3 13 8 6 2 3 3 2 3 2 7 6 6 5 10 14 1 11 Foreign white females 110 1 3 3 3 100 5 3 8 8 12 11 20 14 17 12 5 3 1 7 8 12 1 1 1 1 9 2 17 2 1 11 16 12 47,696 11,085 584 1,014 25 [ 3,327 31,661 15, 373 6,415 4,450 4,067 3,974 2,984 4,397 3,165 1,789 1,082 5 1,155 1,544 1,486 1,495 1,190 1,772 1,258 765 415 31 166 65 55 56 37 77 57 26 14 89 382 550 517 405 352 454 342 173 63 15,248 29 150 178 153 101 172 141 57 30 4,683 1- 3 3 S 5 1 3 3 2,140 20 to 24 vears 1,828 25 to 29 years 1,862 30 to 34 vears 1,298 1,917 1,363 765 557 23,689 10, 998 535 889 20 | 9)6 10,301 7,905 3,412 2,111 1,887 1,796 1,426 2,118 1,575 924 535 4 1,153 1,538 1,481 1,488 1,184 1 751 1,239 754 406 29 160 63 53 50 33 68 44 21 14 45 112 162 164 89 102 103 112 45 12 7,827 22 137 151 130 85 165 126 55 28 1,965 211 20 to 24 years 3 3 2 4 2 3 3 35 25 to 29 vears 36 30 to 34 years 20 37 52 55 to 64 years 46 72 Colored females 24,007 87 49 125 5 2,381 21,360 7,468 3,003 2,339 2,180 2,178 1,558 2,279 1,590 865 547 1 2 6 5 7 6 21 19 11 9 2 6 2 2 6 4 9 13 5 44 270 388 353 316 250 351 230 12S 51 7,421 7 13 27 2o 19 17 15 2 2 2,718 15 to 19 years 1 1,929 20 to 24 years 1,793 25 to 29 years 1,826 30 to 34 years 1 1 2 1,278 35 to 44 years . 1,880 45 to 54 years 1,311 719 485 318 REPORT ON T-IE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV.— Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Age period. Total Under 10 years . . . 10 H) 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total females Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white . . . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males .. Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years ...... 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 6 1 years 65 years and over. Native white females Under 10 years . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years ... 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Total. 127, 566 36, 514 16,288 13,106 12, 146 11, 078 9,001 13,029 8,493 4,928 2,983 62, 750 18,581 8,490 6,003 5,744 5,071 4,405 6,571 4,153 2,352 1,380 64,816 17,933 7,798 7,103 6,402 6,007 4,596 6,458 4,340 2,576 1,603 80,564 23,149 10, 257 8,335 7,736 7,108 5,760 8,209 5,221 2,976 1,813 39, 625 11,754 5,318 3,826 3,670 3, 236 2,820 4,136 2,586 1,425 855 40,939 11,395 4,939 4,510 4,066 3,872 2,940 4,073 2,635 1,651 958 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. 26,480 37 1,705 3,809 3,918 3,513 3,074 4,708 3,045 1,726 945 26, 126 34 1,678 3,752 3,884 3,482 3,042 4,650 2,990 1,694 920 351 16,888 15 989 2,417 2,558 2,269 1,998 3, 053 1,920 1,065 604 Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 4,967 92 428 787 896 718 566 783 432 186 79 61 290 593 769 633 517 702 883 163 72 784 31 13S 194 127 85 49 81 49 2:! 7 3,435 28 249 588 COO 521 399 519 289 126 56 16, 684 13 974 2,379 2,537 2, 245 1,981 3,021 1,895 1,049 590 204 2,818 14 143 434 560 449 363 448 251 106 50 14 106 154 100 72 36 71 38 20 6 17 226 851 SRI 637 513 725 397 212 95 3,152 6 131 480 577 418 382 559 318 100 91 11 95 371 306 219 131 166 79 22 17 153 376 279 398 213 106 44 1,526 6 76 224 273 205 184 275 153 90 40 11 77 274 211 171 95 123 60 16 4 Profes- sional service. 56 Domestic and per- sonal service. 8,331 225 719 1,375 1,195 1,085 913 1,332 854 430 203 2,785 93 196 379 334 400 350 480 287 161 105 132 523 906 861 685 563 852 567 269 71 323 650 551 533 468 580 376 175 82 1,503 35 89 212 166 241 211 250 166 81 52 36 231 13S 385 292 257 330 210 94 30 Without gainful occupa- tion. OCCUPATIONS. 319 Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ— Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture. fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. Total foreign white. Under 10 years — 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over . Foreign white males . 1,480 82 129 185 188 309 250 138 100 1,099 Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 2 1 years : . 25 to 29 years 30 to 31 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. . . Foreign white females . Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years ".. 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over... Total colored 37 19 60 101 147 134 238 190 102 71 381 45, 522 Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Colored males Under 10 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 vears 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Colored females . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65years'andover. 13,299 5,998 4,689 4,281 3,785 3,053 4,511 3,022 1,814 1,070 6,790 3,153 2,118 1,973 1,688 1,451 2,197 1,377 825 454 23,496 6,509 2,845 2,571 2,308 2,097 : 1,602 | 2,314 ; 1,645 989 616 443 4 39 4 74 25 67 '29 66 fil 104 70 57 40 27 32 9 263 438 4 74 25 66 29 63 60 103 70 57 40 27 32 9 9,327 22 716 1,388 1,356 1,219 1,047 1,594 1,055 621 64 179 160 162 130 101 160 86 33 14 22,026 | 9,179 21 704 1,370 1,343 1,212 1,032 1,569 1,025 605 29S 148 927 47 147 120 135 118 91 151 75 391 240 219 295 160 91 44 55 252 296 192 185 253 141 85 44 162 | 17 32 40 27 12 ! 10 9 11 3 1 154 S9li 716 631 521 421 720 458 245 118 58 107 160 158 133 119 203, 104 72 50 3,216 289 556 473 388 3112 517 354 173 68 320 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Age period. Agricul- ture, fisheries, Trade Manu- facturing Profes- sional Domestic Without Total. and transpor- and me- chanical and per- sonal gainful occupa- indus- service. tries. 203, 191 42,562 5,797 6,638 418 14,388 133,388 61,290 26,442 20, 015 11 3 6 272 4,160 5,861 169 279 1,419 20,415 10,003 815 1,026 is 2,298 19.892 6,522 1,082 1,194 46 2,281 8,767 18, 792 6,234 1,017 1,117 55 2,010 8,359 13, 731 4,484 790 803 69 1,648 5,937 19,505 6,859 1,063 1,155 107 2,143 8,178 12, 821 4,739 520 655 69 1,275 5, 563 6,760 2,464 242 285 40 690 3,039 3,943 1,228 96 118 17 352 2,132 101, 957 42, 229 5,710 5,087 360 6,242 42,329 31,307 8 2 5 142 31,150 8,692 997 13,847 9,339 4,141 • 166 237 611 5,844 810 693 9 986 9,656 6,493 1,071 886 28 912 266 9,149 6,200 1,010 820 44 863 212 6,828 4,456 780 601 63 778 150 10,000 6,786 1,044 931 104 890 245 6,491 4,671 502 556 61 485 216 3,477 2,422 234 248 36 363 174 1,863 1,208 91 110 15 212 227 101, 234 333 87 1,551 58 8,146 91,059 29,983 3 1 1 130 29,848 12,595 19 3 42 808 11, 723 10, 676 17 5 333 6 1,312 9,003 10,236 29 11 308 18 1,369 8,501 9,643 34 7 297 11 1,147 8,147 6,903 28 10 202 6 870 5,787 9,505 73 19 224 3 1,253 . 7, 933 6,330 68 18 99 8 790 5,347 3,283 42 8 37 4 327 2,865 2,080 20 5 8 2 140 1,905 118,784 25,045 3,858 3,102 278 6,157 80,344 36,312 6 2 3 134 36, 167 16,464 2,393 120 114 682 12,155 11,964 3,434 618 467 12 1,081 6,352 11,801 3,865 786 569 30 1,034 5,517 10,990 3,751 689 525 30 852 5,143 8,014 2,733 525 381 40 710 3,625 11,033 4,044 630 538 84 782 4,955 7,108 2,659 292 306 47 472 3,332 3,839 1,408 139 147 22 299 1,824 2,259 752 57 52 13 111 1,274 59,282 24,858 3,827 2,290 245 2,913 25,149 18,454 5 2 3 76 18,368 8,080 2,386 119 94 326 5,155 5,517 3,426 616 296 8 499 672 5,689 3,853 779 404 21 430 202 5,330 3,730 685 873 25 377 140 4,042 2,718 522 282 36 384 100 5,627 4,002 623 412 82 858 150 3,545 2,620 288 258 41 209 129 1,931 1,380 136 120 21 180 94 1,067 738 57 48 11 74 139 59,502 187 31 812 33 3,244 55,195 17,858 1 7 8 68 356 582 17,799 7,000 7,384 6,447 1 2 20 171 4 5,680 6,112 12 7 165 9 604 5,315 5,660 21 4 152 5 475 5,003 3,972 15 3 99 4 326 3,525 5,406 42 7 126 2 424 4,805 3,563 39 4 48 6 263 3,203 1,908 28 3 27 1 119 1,730 1,19'> 14 4 2 37 1,135 Total. "Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 vears 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 31 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total females ■Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males. . . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white females. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. ■ mt ""'' ' ' 1 ■'.. -^ 1 ' '■-', 'it'*-; -J ;i ft. y '. t t ■ '>*% '•■'*• ' ■- . -', i?' . y* :W&i ■ -'.' i % ■- "< i'fe^a ¥$ '? - ' \'W,: . ::;/■■ t fifH 1 ' fi'if'X. ■ § !8BFj Mi^H A .;.■.':•■ 1 J pi "" m. v-L'MJfjfa ... • ;f ..;. ; .. ? &' 'ill 1 ; '■■$7$M L T! TjjIL^Bf J alii h'' : '-' ■ • '. tm lP7ll '■'■:::'■ ; '''. ' '■": j W- ' ''■ ITCftPJH % f • .1 -'* ,; X 5 w .; ; ' ' >.-, ■;,; . . l '; !>•■*' - KiAni OCCUPATIONS. 321 Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 2,403 340 745 234 101 406 577 66 54 119 262 342 337 512 390 207 114 66 6 53 103 131 114 158 117 46 17 3 24 69 71 73 87 59 20 10 45 4 14 27 39 96 78 52 30 7 23 41 33 67 39 17 7 2 11 15 22 13 17 17 4 29 52 57 56 91 80 65 46 1,886 338 739 221 79 380 129 31 28 93 199 276 275 425 318 162 79 31 6 53 103 130 113 157 114 46 17 3 23 55 67 70 82 66 17 8 19 4 14 27 39 95 77 52 30 7 21 37 31 64 38 17 6 6 3 11 20 12 15 14 4 3 4 2 15 19 16 14 Foreign white females 517 2 6 13 22 26 448 35 26 26 63 66 62 87 72 45 35 35 26 2 8 4 2 1 2 3 1 4 4 3 5 4 3 2 23 2 4 2 3 1 49 1 1 1 3 53 54 1 1 76 61 39 1 32 82,004 17,177 1,194 3,302 39 7,825 52, 467 24,912 10,924 7,932 7,829 7,460 5,380 7,960 5,323 2,714 1,570 5 1,767 2,423 2,643 2,456 1,712 2,719 2,002 1,004 446 1 43 144 193 197 151 275 111 57 22 3 165 552 602 551 389 550 310 121 59 138 734 1,193 1,188 1,087 865 1,274 744 371 231 24,765 8,215 1 5 10 7 10 5 1 3,619 20 to 24 years 3,198 26 to 29 years 3,159 30 to 34 years 2,256 3,132 2,151 1,160 812 40,789' 17,033 1,144 2,576 36 2,949 17,051 12,822 5,739 3,729 3,768 3,543 2,511 3,948 2,628 1,384 717 3 1,755 2,414 2,626 2,443 1,699 2,689 1,974 990 440 2 143 390 461 410 288 455 260 111 56 66 282 464 427 419 324 450 221 166 130 12,751 41 141 189 195 145 264 100 62 17 3,518 1 4 8 7 10 5 1 319 . 20to 24 years 61 25 to 29 years 68 30 to 34 years 48 80 68 64 74 Colored females 41,215 144 50 726 3 4,876 35,416 12,090 5,185 4,203 4,061 3,917 2,869 4,012 2,695 1,330 853 2 12 9 17 13 13 30 •28 14 6 1 2 3 4 2 6 11 11 5 5 1 22 162 141 141 101 95 50 10 3 72 452 729 761 668 541 824 523 205 101 12, 014 4,697 3,300 20 to 24 years 1 2 3,137 25 to 29 years 3,091 30 to 34 years 2,208 3,052 2,083 1,096 738 8490—00 21 322 REPORT OS THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF PONCE. Age period. Total. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total males Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 66 years and over. Total females . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total native white . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20to24year8 25 to29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white males . . Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Native white females. Under 10 years . . . 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over. Total. 27,962 5,974 3,122 3,172 3,423 3,136 2,317 3,194 1,995 1,094 525 13,197 3,014 1,533 1,428 1,595 1,618 1,089 1,511 863 470 176 14, 755 2,960 1,589 1,744 1,828 1,618 1,228 1,683 1,132 624 14,268 3,301 1,689 1,697 1,757 1,526 1,107 1,535 915 513 228 6,764 1,665 850 783 825 734 530 699 402 20.1 71 7,504 1,636 839 914 932 792 577 836 513 lii.is 157 Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. 2,731 466 387 496 2(111 132 30 2,674 2 70 386 486 462 381 484 252 124 28 1,676 288 229 259 134 65 16 1,658 2 47 297 333 286 228 256 131 62 16 ~18 Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. 3 171 621 657 635 453 575 297 129 40 2,538 140 411 463 428 314 414 225 104 1,043 31 210 194 207 139 161 72 26 4 2 65 264 287 278 193 252 130 61 17 2 55 178 190 177 128 162 98 42 15 502 10 86 97 101 66 90 32 19 2 Profes- sional service. 157 110 14 Domestic and per- sonal service. 6,898 37 358 845 1,026 907 678 984 612 320 131 2,750 17 175 425 514 469 282 422 241 137 68 3,148 20 183 420 512 438 396 562 371 183 63 2,089 13 149 315 382 336 231 336 1% 103 28 1,202 6 87 193 234 203 118 179 110 61 21 887 7 62 122 148 133 113 157 86 52 Without gainful occupa- tion. OCCUPATIONS. 323 Table XXIV. — 3rand groups of occupations by age,, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF PONCE— Continued. Age period . Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 1,182 43 459 144 54 109 51 37 62 130 169 161 251 172 106 43 5 27 61 76 71 107 71 34 7 1 6 13 17 18 29 13 8 4 1 1 6 4 11 10 9 1 7 16 25 19 39 23 11 4 1 6 9 13 6 8 10 1 20 47 847 43 454 138 44 87 22 19 45 91 128 120 189 132 78 23 5 27 61 75 70 106 69 34 7 1 5 10 14 15 24 11 5 2 13 1 1 6 4 11 10 9 1 7 15 25 19 36 22 11 3 5 2 7 12 5 8 9 1 2 1 7 12 10 9 Foreign white females 335 5 6 10 22 292 29 18 17 39 41 41 62 40 28 20 29 18 1 4 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 5 2 3 2 15 1 31 25 to 29 years 1 1 1 2 35 30 to 34 years 36 3 1 52 35 1 24 1 17 12,502 279 596 1,888 19 3,700 6,020 2,622 1,396 1,413 1,536 1,441 1,049 1,408 908 475 254 1 106 350 354 332 241 284 144 57 19 24 208 524 631 554 429 619 403 209 99 2,597 15 38 45 59 26 45 31 14 6 19 63 94 102 87 130 61 33 7 1,048 438 20 to 24 years 3 6 3 4 2 1 409 26to29years 388 30 to 34 years 263 326 267 161 123 Colored males 5,586 274 562 1,353 17 1,461 1,919 1,327 664 600 679 656 439 623 329 187 82 1 85 226 258 226 167 216 105 51 18 11 87 227 270 252 149 219 120 81 45 1,315 15 38 44 55 26 45 31 14 6 18 61 92 101 83 122 52 28 5 459 48 20 to 24 years 3 4 3 4 2 1 12 25 to 29 years 18 30 to 34 years 11 35 to 44 years 17 45 to 54 years 19 55 to 64 years 12 8 Colored females . . 6,916 5 34 535 2 2,239 4,101 Under 10 years 1,295 732. 813 857 785 610 785 579 288 172 13 121 297 361 302 280 400 283 128 54 1,282 10 to 14 years 1 2 2 1 4 8 9 5 2 21 124 96 106 74 68 39 6 1 589 15 to 19 years 390 20 to 24 years 1 4 397 25 to 29 years 2 370 30 to 34 years 252 36 to 44 years 309 45 to 54 years 248 55 to 64 years 149 65 years and over 115 324 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF SAN JUAN. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 32,048 198 2,710 3,304 428 7,387 18,021 6,610 3,481 3,859 4,041 3,567 2,569 3,698 2,198 1,308 717 2 72 446 527 447 359 495 231 97 34 2 193 582 601 576 393 523 254 134 46 100 537 1,113 1,388' 1,141 863 1,091 651 374 129 6,506 2,673 5 20 34 39 27 32 21 15 5 1 15 42 73 67 115 71 32 12 1,683 1,449 1,291 860 1,442 970 656 491 15,100 195 2,667 2,659 370 4,045 5,164 3,214 1,712 1,813 1,971 1,754 1,275 1,708 929 50' 220 2 72 445 518 443 358 483 222 96 28 2 173 449 479 478 304 417 214 105 38 34 248 590 855 695 488 586 310 177 62 3,176 1,213 5 20 33 39 26 32 21 15 4 1 9 24 63 56 109 65 32 11 300 62 36 43 81 97 79 77 16,948 3 43 645 58 3,342 12,857 3,3% 1,769 2,046 2,070 1,813 1,294 1,990 1,269 804 497 66 289 523 533 446 375 505 341 197 67 3,330 20 133 122 98 89 106 40 29 8 1,460 1,383 1,387 1 9 4 1 12 9 1 6 6 18 10 11 6 6 1 1,255 1 817 1,361 873 577 1 i 414 12,391 66 985 883 216 1,816 8,425 2,879 1,522 1,566 1,523 1,260 898 1,272 737 471 263 1 35 186 224 172 105 149 74 29 10 19 126 311 389 293 237 252 104 61 24 2,859 2 8 13 9 10 12 6 5 1 50 181 185 146 101 121 54 33 12 1,309 869 11 24 28 33 55 36 20 9 688 612 412 683 463 323 207 5,541 66 976 622 183 1,276 2,418 1,418 724 725 713 551 413 500 268 164 65 1 35 186 221 170 105 147 73 29 9 7 61 212 305 214 176 173 69 44 15 1,410 582 2 8 13 9 10 12 6 5 1 44 130 126 111 67 77 39 21 7 6 13 25 27 51 33 20 8 183 35 25 to 29 years ■ 22 30 to 34 years 28 40 48 45 25 6,850 9 261 33 540 6,007 Under 10 years 1,461 798 841 810 709 485 772 469 307 198 12 65 99 84 79 61 79 35 17 9 1,449 727 10 to 14 years 6 51 59 35 34 44 15 12 6 5 11 3 6 4 3 686 20 to 24 years 3 2 653 25 to 29 years 590 30 to 34 years 384 2 1 643 415 55 to 64 years 278 65 years and over 1 1 182 OCCUPATIONS. 325 Table XXIV. — Grand groups of occupations by age, sex, race, and nativity — Continued. CITY OF SAN JUAN— Continued. Age period. Total. Agricul- ture, fisheries, and mining. Trade and transpor- tation. Manu- facturing and me- chanical indus- tries. Profes- sional service. Domestic and per- sonal service. Without gainful occupa- tion. 2,872 16 1,243 246 163 380 824 124 85 277 373 430 407 619 328 148 81 124 21 194 221 200 200 245 110 39 13 3 12 22 55 34 67 36 13 4 4 10 52 71 63- 94 69 21 6 57 3 8 29 30 49 29 12 3 58 70 1 2 7 1 5 74 78 157 93 68 55 2,190 16 1,237 238 146 362 191 61 51 235 300 352 328 462 247 106 48 61 21 194 218 199 200 244 109 39 13 3 12 21 54 34 63 35 12 4 3 10 49 69 62 88 54 21 6 24 2 5 25 25 47 27 12 3 17 7 1 2 7 1 5 4 5 13 21 17 22 Foreign white females 682 6 8 17 18 633 63 34 42 73 78 79 157 81 42 33 63 1 33 1 3 4 5 2 2 41 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 6 5 63 70 73 1 1 4 1 1 144 72 55 to 64 years 41 33 16,785 116 482 2,175 49 5,191 8,772 3,607 1,874 2,016 2,145 1,877 1,264 1,807 1,133 ■689 373 1 16 66 82 75 54 101 47 29 11 2 140 389 394 375 258 335 164 88 30 81 407 792 947 777 563 745 488 292 99 3,623 3 12 21 29 15 13 14 5 4 1 1 10 16 4 11 6 1,307 756 691 605 30 to 34 years 370 602 414 275 229 Colored males 7,369 113 454 1,799 41 2,407 2,555 Under 10 years 1,735 937 853 958 851 534 746 414 234 107 1 16 65 79 74 53 92 40 28 6 2 126 307 332 313 203 277 140 72 27 27 184 368 501 412 250 325 187 112 41 1,705 10 to 14 years 3 12 20 29 14 13 14 5 3 1 1 6 13 4 11 5 607 15 to 19 years 100 20 to 24 years 20 25 to 29 years 10 30 to 34 years 10 35 to 44 years 28 45 to 54 years 28 55 to 64 years 17 65 years and over 30 Colored females . . 9,416 3 28 376 8 2,784 6,217 Dnder 10 years 1,872 937 1,163 1,187 1,026 730 1,061 719 455 266 64 223 424 446 365 313 420 301 180 58 1,818 10.to 14 years , 14 82 62 62 55 68 24 16 3 700 15 to ly years . . . 1 3 1 1 9 7 1 5 656 20 to 24 years.... 1 4 3 671 25 to 29 years 595 30 to 34 years 1 360 35 to 44 years . 574 46 to 54 years 1 386 55 to 64 yeats 258 65 years and over.... 1 199 326 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXV. — Occupations in detail by departments. PORTO RICO. Occupation. Total. Agua- dSla. Arecibo. Baya- Guaya- Huma- Maya- mon. ma. cao. guez. 38 3 1 3 695 125 344 869 80 25 22 112 21 8 6 4 1 4 376 269 170 431 153 76 41 142 295 68 61 126 12 1 1 1 29 16 21 42 6 7 3 1 6 1 16 23 14 16 16 4 5 81 1,130 513 450 697 49 6 1 6 56 10 13 16 258 167 68 221 10 2 1 2 22 6 5 15 57 46 62 52 20 7 2 8 15 7 5 4 258 237 82 237 1,098 590 287 1,017 48 10 7 14 24 1 2 9 125 34 69 53 15 9 1 10 5 3 18 42 15 14 33 9 3 5 22 31 10 27 1 341 11 2 2 4 111 72 52 113 10 3 3 8 20 2 25,858 10 27,286 31,763 20,431 3,546 1,966 1,594 2,131 64 22 20 35 23 1 1 9 6 8 7 2 26 55 12 390 110 97 208 69 9 7 19 1,593 750 518 2,025 35 153 366 404 2 1 12 41 42 47 13 41 15 7 16 73 39 40 42 5 2 501 693 600 223 227 40 41 81 11 2 2 6 64 22 13 34 44 165 21 19 164 108 90 137 10 5 16 23 179 17 2 49 17 9 2 18 374 88 182 271 1,130 483 329 711 5,795 2,641 2,451 4,550 43 3 10 14 277 234 142 336 207 4 2 12 26 1 98 7 199 121 118 11 31 23 66 3 4 1 1 3 3 15 3 2 2 4 Actors Agents (real estate, insurance etc.) Apprentices Architects and draftsmen . . . Artists Bakers Barbers and hairdressers Blacksmiths Bookbinders Bookkeepers Brickmakers Builders and contractors Butchers Cabinetmakers Carpenters Charcoal burners Clergymen Clerks and copyists Commercial travelers Confectioners Coopers Dairymen Dentists Draymen and hackmen , Dressmakers and seamstresses. Engineers (civil) and survey- ors Engineers and firemen (sta- tionary engines) Fishermen Foremen and overseers Gardeners and florists Gold and silver workers Gunsmiths Harnessmakers Hat and cap makers Hostlers Hucksters and peddlers Janitors and sextons Journalists Laborers Launderers Lawyers Literary and scientific per- sons Livery-stable keepers Machinists Mechanics Merchants Messengers and office boys Miners and quarrymen Musicians Nurses Officials, Government Officials oi manufacturing companies Operatives, cigar factories Painters , Photographers , Physicians and surgeons Planters , Policemen and watchmen Potters Printers, lithographers, etc Restaurant and boarding- house keepers Sailors and boatmen Salesmen and saleswomen Servants Shirtmakers Shoemakers Soldiers Steam-railway employees Stewards and housekeepers. . . Stock raisers Stonecutters Straw workers Street-railway employees 4,017 342 36 23 2,350 734 841 22 165 48 11 137 196 5,125 121 124 1,100 26 75 492 68 42 1,392 5,785 115 45 455 57 56 170 21 194 348 30 706 38 49 215,742 17,087 206 44 26 179 1,335 191 8,713 1,145 48 184 127 287 10 3,743 663 30 219 305 955 85 352 92 1,595 4,590 25, 946 188 1,708 369 54 1,413 253 15 50 14 206 48 30 1 16 24 3 23 631 24,946 1,353 10 47 1 11 7 118 245 2,214 16 160 11 1 103 455 10 3 1 269 81 43 1 9 8 1 19 20 672 27 14 136 1 66 669 4 16 8 6 18 1 14 5 7 79 6 2 39, 151 2,571 17 4 1 18 115 30 1,001 158 17 11 9 20 12 32 2 284 698 23 57 2 2 17 22 29 11 18 231 461 2,881 22 189 27 9 227 31 OCCUPATIONS. 327 Table XXV. — Occupations in detail by departments — Continued. PORTO EICO— Continued. Occupation. Total. Agua- dilla. Arecibo. Baya- mon. Guaya- nia. Huma- cao. Maya- guez. Ponce. Sugar makers Tailors Tanners Teachers Telegraph and telephone op erators Tinners Watch and clock makers — Wood choppers 80 1,048 24 69 135 54 34 72 15 106 4 102 5 13 8 17 14 179 1 173 21 30 10 6 193 7 129 12 310 12 163 17 30 12 2 Table XXVI. — Occupations in detail by sex, race, and nativity. PORTO RICO. Total. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Occupations. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. 13 4,017 342 36 23 2,337 734 841 22 165 48 11 137 195 5,125 121 124 1,100 26 75 492 68 42 1,392 36 13 6,785 337 141 3,910 16,855 1,156 15 64 60 3 2,688 114 18 11 1,260 381 220 13 120 28 4 51 87 2,335 45 44 921 16 37 122 34 31 485 53 18 215 35 15 87 17 83 11 10 305 28 34 128,819 101 156 23 14 40 266 90 4,821 527 13 85 37 218 5 2,340 236 33 8 3,579 290 2 484 1 12 4 52 26 80 3 31 1 6 2 13 143 1 78 104 9 12 2 1 8 131 56 8 6 15 25 9 3 21 2 32 8 845- 227 6 8 1,035 327 541 6 14 19 1 84 95 2,647 76 2 75 1 26 368 33 3 776 6 19 234 7 16 74 1 90 Agents (real estate, insurance, etc. ) . 2,174 Engineers (civil) and surveyors Engineers and firemen- (stationary 115 45 455 57 56 170 21 194 11 30 565 38 49 211,832 232 206 44 25 179 1,335 191 7,557 1,145 - 48 169 63 287 10 3,683 663 47 20 237 10 6 80, 659 131 1 8 2 104 1,022 40 925 616 33 61 12 18 Hucksters and peddlers 28 23 2 111 Journalists 2,423 6,687 991 io 26 36 9 2,354 49 13 9 35 47 61 1,811 2 2 23 14 51 5 54 iis 13 12 2 6 1,471 Launderers 10, 155 Lawyers Literary and scientific persons Livery-stable keepers Machinists Masons Mechanics.. 153 Messengers and office boys Miners-and quarrymen Musicians 3 Nurses 32 Officials, Government. Officials of manufacturing com- panies Operatives, cigar factories 1,289 24 21 406 328 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXVI. — Occupations in detail by sex, race, and nativity — Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Total. Native white. Foreign white. Colored. Occupation, Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. Males. Fe- males. 30 219 149 955 85 352 77 1,595 4,565 7,493 188 1,685 369 54 1,401 253 15 156 15 25 18,453 23 12 50 246 16 137 89 782 45 204 44 695 3,273 3,428 96 636 180 28 844 109 2 9 37 353 5 465 34 42 26 23 " 109" 4 19 7,248 12 6 32 162 12 72 23 48 7 17 18 168 920 122 7 110 36 16 380 15 12 3 7 46 3 65 35 36 23 1 1 2 1 68 2 2 66 2 10 37 125 33 131 15 732 372 3,943 85 939 153 10 177 129 1 2 36 649 16 43 46 Restaurant and boarding - house 9 5 11, 137 11 4 16 14 80 1,048 24 563 69 135 64 34 18 Telegraph and telephone operators. 57 5 10 Table XXVII. — Occupations in detail by sex and age. PORTO RICO. Males. Occupation. Total. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. 13 4,017 342 36 23 2,337 734 841 22 165 48 11 137 195 5,125 121 124 1,100 26 75 492 68 42 1,392 115 45 455 57 56 170 21 194 11 30 5 503 8 2 3 509 4 1,262 2 13 8 767 2 975 2 858 Agents (real estate, insurance, etc.) 47 173 52 236 159 2 1 314 136 6 7 429 11 3 241 Barbers and hairdressers 65 194 5 6 3 148 3 22 6 222 7 43 11 3 37 63 1,469 32 31 338 12 18 109 11 14 496 40 20 107 18 9 33 3 38 6 121 2 48 13 2 28 28 1,068 18 28 132 4 23 122 11 16 323 26 8 109 16 12 32 6 34 1 6 82 4 43 14 6 39 33 1,036 19 44 148 4 19 137 3 6 140 36 8 115 15 23 38 4 46 2 Builders and contractors 2 9 124 12 11 1 1 15 25 37 22 i 6 6 5 3 25 486 13 2 153 1 6 44 10 116 1 3 39 1 3 30 2 31 2 22 33 738 19 3 234 4 7 44 8 2 270 8 6 48 5 1 26 4 35 1 6 6 204 8 16 25 21 2 10 4 Engineers (civil) and surveyors ... Engineers and firemen (stationary 15 7 5 2 4 OCCUPATIONS. 329 Table XXVII. — Occupations in detail by sex and age — Continued. POETO RICO— Continued. Males— Continued. Females. Occupation. Total. Tinder 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. 565 38 49 211,832 232 206 44 25 179 1,335 191 7,557 1,145 48 169 63 287 10 3,683 663 30 219 149 955 85 352 77 1,595 4,565 7,493 188 1,685 369 54 1,401 253 15 14 80 1,048 24 563 69 135 54 34 68 1 83 3 83 3 3 30,824 45 11 2 4 22 209 24 1,217 39 10 26 6 27 752 115 5 4 17 176 19 76 4 201 1,393 1,055 47 273 186 11 237 26 2 4 14 217 2 47 17 25 10 2 164 14 26 54,245 72 64 16 7 60 332 65 2,570 31 14 51 19 80 6 935 208 11 57 27 487 17 110 26 456 936 960 74 386 93 16 468 42 3 4 17 236 8 138 35 35 14 11 90 9 13 35,658 36 46 14 6 42 226 44 1,686 22 4 40 20 76 2 627 162 10 81 40 196 16 40 20 374 213 405 35 246 18 13 333 38 6 3 18 169 5 155 8 27 16 7 68 6 7 36,534 13 65 9 8 37 278 36 1,141 14 6 29 16 88 1 524 114 3 69 52 81 16 18 22 355 106 376 9 237 13 9 240 23 4 1 22 134 7 170 3 20 8 5 9 2 18,642 20 3 42 1 124 861 3 180 5 2 4 14 2 25 312 2,850 4 147 13 71 29,085 44 4 3 1 11 182 14 692 174 13 16 1 8 1 581 51 1 2 3 13 10 94 1 124 1,599 1,772 19 348 57 5 87 49 6,844 2 16 Literary and scientific persons 4 66 7 127 4 1 5 2 8 Messengers and office boys Officials of manufacturing com- 84 8 6 8 2 3 Printers, lithographers, etc Restaurant and boarding-house 2 60 6 75 48 Soldiers Steam-railway employees 23 4 Street-railway employees 53 8 3 2 5 219 1 16 6 18 4 5 Sugar makers Tailors 20 1 37 Tanners Teachers Telegraph and telephone operators. Tinners Watch and clock makers Actresses 36 13 5,785 337 12 j.41 3,910 16,865 1,156 15 64 60 156 15 25 18,453 23 50 246 5 6 13 5 7 Bakers Dressmakers and seamstresses Hat and cap makers 342 70 1,325 82 1,195 64 1 8 411 2,990 197 3 3 1,616 69 7 27 819 4,893 223 7 11 781 38 1 43 645 3,113 132 13 484 14 2 46 883 2,617 119 1 30 42 Housekeepers. . . 1 Hucksters 2 477 559 206 1 2 480 2,493 270 3 Laborers Laundresses . Merchants 9 Musicians... Nurses.. Operatives, cigar factories Planters. 5 24 29 45 6 2 3,528 3 14 74 25 6 2,157 2 6 29 24 3 2 2,158 4 5 49 Restaurant and boarding-house keepers Saleswomen . . 4 3,797 2 9 4 3,709 7 6 23 13 2,715 6 9 65 Servants .... 389 Shoemakers Straw workers . . 1 Teachers.... 6 330 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXVIII. — Occupations in detail by sex, literacy, and superior education. PORTO RICO. Males. Occupation. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read, but can not write. Can read and write With superior educa- tion. Actors Agents ( real estate, insurance, etc.) Apprentices Architects and draftsmen Artists Bakers Barbers and hairdressers Blacksmiths Bookbinders Bookkeepers Brickmakers Builders and contractors Butchers Cabinetmakers Carpenters Charcoal burners Clergymen Clerks and copyists Commercial travelers Confectioners Coopers Dairymen Dentists Draymen and hackmen Engineers (civil) and surveyors Engineers and firemen (stationary en- gines) Fishermen , Foremen and overseers Gardeners and florists Gold and silver workers , Gunsmiths Harnessmakers , Hat and cap makers , Hostlers Hucksters and peddlers Janitors and sextons Journalists Laborers Launderers Lawyers Literary and scientific persons LiveTy-stable keepers Machinists Masons Mechanics Merchants Messengers and office boys Miners and quarrymen Musicians Nurses Officials, Government Officials of manufacturing companies . . . Operatives, cigar factories Painters Photographers .'__'. Physicians and surgeons Planters Policemen and watchmen Potters Printers, lithographers, etc Restaurant and boarding-house keepers. Sailors and boatmen Salesmen '....'.'.'. Servants ".'.'. Shirtmakers Shoemakers Soldiers Steam-railway employees Stewards Stock raisers Stonecutters Street-railway employees Sugar makers Tailors Tanners 13 4,017 342 36 23 2,337 734 841 22 165 48 11 337 195 5,125 121 124 1,100 26 75 492 68 42 1,392 115 45 455 67 56 170 21 194 11 30 565 38 49 211,832 232 206 44 25 179 1,335 191 7,557 1,145 48 169 63 287 10 3,683 663 30 219 149 955 85 352 77 1,595 4,565 7,493 188 1,685 369 54 1,401 253 15 14 80 1,048 24 6 1,216 134 1 1,284 132 201 34 99 22 1,788 105 2 21 243 57 2 24 317 181, 102 133 2 63 502 29 1,205 1,053 24 950 260 ,314 107 45 4 6 179 48 2,320 14 17 2 6 2 9 1,306 167 256 38 1 1 63 3 48 2 56 2 47 230 7 515 102 2.X 11 1 295 11 208 5 6 3 28 1 103 28 13 2 7 2,694 163 36 22 962 579 603 21 165 12 11 34 167 3,158 13 124 1,100 24 50 222 9 40 385 113 20 112 48 20 151 18 146 1 3 154 49 28,410 85 206 44 23 108 753 161 6,269 78 11 150 56 278 10 2,220 219 83 905 27 352 60 677 4,258 943 138 1,068 341 42 1,095 40 9 11 51 917 9 97 128 2 24 856 168 22 4 7 4 24 565 20 7 5 203 20 38 1 14 1 10 150 8 1 13 21 14 51 1 OCCUPATIONS. 331 Table XXVIII. — Occupations in detail by sex, literacy, etc. — Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Males — Continued. Occupation. Total. Can neither read nor write. Can read, but can not write. Can read and write. With superior educa- tion. Without superior educa- tion. Teachers. .......................... Telegraph and telephone operators Tinners Watch and clock makers Wood choppers 663 69 135 54 34 663 69 79 52 1 299 32 264 37 135 53 33 Females. Actresses Bakers dressmakers and seamstresses Hat and cap makers Housekeepers Hucksters and peddlers Laborers Laundresses Merchants Musicians Nurses .' Operatives, cigar factories Planters Restaurant and boarding-house keepers. Saleswomen.... Servants Shoemakers Straw workers Teachers 36 13 5,785 337 12 141 3,910 16,855 1,156 15 64 60 156 15 25 18,453 23 50 246 7 2,379 266 4 101 3,606 15,071 961 4 15,727 434 22 11 47 626 1 2 925 1 1 36 6 2, 972 49 8 29 257 1,158 147 15 21 15 8 6 19 1,801 16 8 246 27 1 169 16 13 5,758 337 12 141 3,900 16,851 1,154 12 57 60 166 15 24 18,448 23 49 77 Table XXIX. — Occupations in detail by sex and conjugal condition. PORTO RICO. Males. Occupation. Total. Single. Married. Living to- gether as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. 13 4,017 342 36 23 2,337 734 841 22 165 48 11 137 195 5,125 121 124 1,100 26 75 492 68 42 1,392 115 45 455 57 56 170 8 1,460 340 11 9 1,161 398 518 13 65 13 2 1,656 3 662 2 2. 4 589 109 133 2 12 15 1 53 35 1,066 33 6 71 1 19 126 8 Agen ts (real estate, Insurance, etc. j Apprentices 239 Architects and draftsmen 19 10 536 200 174 7 83 17 10 42 54 1,747 22 14 400 9 29 149 11 32 294 60 11 115 35 17 49 4 Artists Bakers 51 Barbers and hairdressers 27 Blacksmiths 16 Bookbinders Bookkeepers . 5 Brickmakers . 3 Builders and contractors Butchers 36 98 2,040 63 100 592 15 26 200 48 8 659 44 16 194 11 23 92 6 Cabinetmakers 8 Carpenters .... 272 Charcoal burners... 3 Clergymen 4 Clerks and copyists 37 Commercial travelers . . . 1 Confectioners 1 Coopers 17 Dairymen . . 1 Dentists . . 2 Draymen and hackmen 416 7 17 117 8 7 21 23 Engineers (civil) and surveyors 4 Engineers and firemen (stationary en- 1 Fishermen 29 Foremen and overseers 3 gardeners and florists 9 uold and silver workers 8 332 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXIX. — Occupations in detail by sex and conjugal condition — Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Males— Continued. Occupation. Total. Single. Married. Living to- gether as husband and wife by mutual consent. Widowed. Gunsmiths Hamessmakers Hat and cap makers Hostlers Hucksters and peddlers Janitors and sextons Journalists Laborers Launderers Lawyers Literary and scientific persons Livery-stable keepers Machinists Masons Mechanics Merchants Messengers and office boys Miners and quarrymen Musicians Nurses Officials, Government Officials of manufacturing companies Operatives, cigar factories Painters Photographers Physicians and surgeons Planters Policemen and watchmen Potters Printers, lithographers, etc Restaurant and boarding-house keepers . Sailors and boatmen Salesmen Servants Shirtmakers Shoemakers Soldiers Steam-railway employees Stewards Stock raisers Stonecutters Street-railway employees Sugar makers Tailors Tanners Teachers Telegraph and telephone operators Tinners Watch and clock makers Wood choppers 21 194 11 30 566 38 49 211,832 232 206 44 25 179 1,335 191 7,557 1,145 48 169 63 287 10 3,683 663 30 219 119 955 85 352 77 1,695 4,665 7,493 188 1,685 369 54 1,401 253 16 14 80 1,048 24 663 69 135 54 34 9 19 362 15 20 107,604 160 56 18 7 64 632 78 3,513 1,105 36 71 21 75 2 1,963 286 15 45 40 234 22 587 4,076 6,977 99 946 327 21 689 175 4 8 31 629 8 155 43 63 26 17 11 52 2 4 90 23 25 61,473 25 127 18 14 54 339 73 3,010 20 10 68 33 178 6 935 166 12 152 80 138 23 78 38 523 296 214 52 403 33 27 416 39 9 4 28 244 5 342 23 41 20 1,666 36 10 5 2 50 308 30 750 15 1 26 5 18 618 189 3 9 26 91 19 36 16 430 147 175 34 274 5 5 219 32 2 1 17 138 9 23 1 Females. 36 13 5,785 337 12 141 3,910 16,855 1,156 15 64 60 156 15 25 18,453 23 50 246 25 9 4,099 238 2 83 2,041 10,416 780 12 24 38 88 2 24 14,473 19 28 145 7 1 663 36 1 20 523 1,624 167 2 15 9 21 5 1 964 1 12 66 4 2 446 44 7 18 414 2,953 89 1 578 19 2 20 932 1 862 1 1 8 25 2 24 6 Restaurant and boarding-house keepers . 6 1,790 1,226 8 5 2 5 S3 OCCUPATIONS. 333 Table XXX. — Occupations in detail by sex andplace of birth. POETO RICO. Males. Occupation. Total. Porto Rico. Other West Indies. Spanish America. United States. Spain. Other Europe. Other coun- tries. 13 4,017 342 36 23 2,337 734 841 22 165 48 11 137 195 5,125 121 124 1,100 26 75 492 68 42 1,392 115 45 455 57 56 170 21 194 11 30 565 38 49 211, 832 232 206 44 25 179 1,335 191 7,557 1,145 48 169 63 287 10 3,683 663 30 219 ■149 955 85 352 77 1,595 4,565 7,493 188 1,685 369 54 1,401 253 15 14 80 11 3,502 341 24 18 2,277 707 730 19 133 47 5 132 179 4,903 120 45 990 17 63 466 67 34 1,197 55 36 447 41 27 161 18 166 11 30 536 38 39 208,867 230 159 25 16 135 1,256 119 5,720 1,143 46 145 49 236 5 3,620 633 18 144 125 905 78 330 54 1,370 3,632 7,285 179 1,563 332 38 1,015 238 3 11 70 1 20 1 369 1 3 2 46 24 49 2 16 1 5 1 8 103 Agents (real estate, insurance, 7 16 10 93 Architects and draftsmen 2 1 4 4 3 1 3 1 10 1 1 6 Barbers and hairdressers 2 15 13 1 2 1 23 9 5 1 2 2 38 1 1 2 7 1 33 1 1 3 1 13 28 1 10 13 40 3 63 52 3 11 1 i 4 2 1 11 2 4 9 1 1 35 5 5 4 11 21 6 2 13 3 10 5 1 1 1 1 1 129 21 2 Draymen and hackmen Engineers (civil} and surveyors. Engineers and firemen (station- 15 16 2 1 1 5 13 1 2 1 1 1 2 7 3 1 5 1 2 5 2 1 3 1 9 1 14 1 341 1 7 4 1 49 3 131 2 1,772 2 194 1 478 1 17 5 22 3 6 15 24 29 1,443 2 1 18 13 14 3 36 12 6 32 14 27 3 9 14 104 824 88 5 95 11 11 269 8 11 1 4 3 3 6 16 8 34 9 1 5 61 7 6 12 67 7 32 18 12 220 1 1 1 28 2 3 3 4 20 1 13 3 Musicians 2 1 2 Nurses 2 2 3 2 Officials of manufacturing com- 15 5 1 10 2 5 1 2 26 19 27 7 2 4 3 5 Painters i 6 Photographers 1 Physicians and surgeons Planters 2 6 4 1 5 3 Policemen and watchmen Potters 1 3 Printers, lithographers, etc Restaurant and boarding-house keepers 1 1 3 5 3 2 1 1 8 2 1 9 13 21 1 1 13 2 6 1 7 Sailors and boatmen 39 8 21 44 Salesmen 64 Servants 48 1 8hoemakers . . . 3 6 1 8 15 Soldiers. . . 4 Steam-railway employees 2 Stewards. . 8 2 93 Stock raisers. . . . 6 Stonecutters . . 1 Sugar makers... 3 4 4 i 1 334 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXX. — Occupations in detail by sex and place of birth — Continued. PORTO RICO— Continued. Males — Continued. Occupation. Total. Porto Rico. Other West Indies. Spanish America. United States. Spain. Other Europe. Other coun- tries. 1,048 24 563 69 135 54 34 977 21 495 34 95 31 34 15 2 35 3 34 3 4 11 8 9 2 3 14 26 5 3 Telegraph and telephone oper- 1 1 4 Females. 36 13 5,785 337 12 141 3,910 16,855 1,156 15 64 60 156 15 25 18,453 23 50 246 34 13 5,721 337 10 88 3,887 16,708 1,142 13 58 60 155 13 24 18,153 23 47 177 2 17 9 14 10 2 17 4 44 1 1 2 8 2 35 4 1 14 6 6 3 m 4 Operatives, cigar factories 1 Restaurant and boarding-house 1 1 45 80 20 4 53 1 4 2 13 1 44 i 3 SIZE OF FAMILIES. 335 s s> «; oSo 3 Ha | 3gS coi^co^oco oeoog lO to CO e» c Tt« 35 CM ■* CT> CO C< CO CO O Oi SO 00 CI co og oi »-( oo co eo c5eNCOr-oi©© (O C» 0> CO -^ CO CM COH-fiC'ii' ©oior-tf co S iO i> S§ co oo CM i-H O CO rH "3< CO rH CM CN rH rH l-t CN kocncOHCBOcn eo r- 1> o ■* ih io rHCNCN~CN"rH~C>fcO m r- tji io © o» Tf iM"co"cO~CN~CM"cm"'-<*' H "* CO CO CO I> CN CM tt ->cH CO CM CO iO co o eo 3 oo tj< c- cm co co co CN-^TP'co"cN~-^lO' r- CO CO "2 CT> CN CN OiOrHCOrH CM CO lO CO rH rH iO CO CO ofTPTP"co~cf , *iO iO CO CO © rH "d* -; CM lOOJCOOSCNCl C- CO rH -V CO CO C H CO CO CN rH CO ■* o os ■* co r- r- co ■^COTfeNCMCOCO iO lO »o IO iO ^ LO CB rH -W CO lO CO ^ OC+iOfOlOtD CO iO iO CO Cft m CO S CO CO rH CO rH 5000*0 oa SCOOCRiStOH ■2:3 Si§ I- ^HunoWSrW 5

CMCOOCO CN CO CM CO CM COO CM rH CO CO i-H CO C CM CO CM CO CM r-iCt Oi CO 00 CM CDO-* 00 rH CN © rH L© t- CM *tf CO 3 CO iH CO CO ■* CO IO CO rH -^ HCOOOSiONcO CNiOCTitDmior- CO lO CO lO CQ rH Tf< £ as i-h cp ■* co a 0>O-* CMI>cl •ScOCMCOCM C i> m io co t- cm co i-H CM CO iO CO Oi iO iOOiOiCiClc'iO ^ CO ■* lO rH CO -* 00 rH t- CD CO COO O-^iOt^OTHO CMCOCMCOCNr 3^3^ OI>THOCNCOCO 3 «tf 2tf£ 336 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. 2 a o CJ o n I u X. w »£a « s Oieo-<*e»cni©a (Ocom«coi£>r»i-iaoc»eoo t0CQ0Q©^Q0»r-O C6'-l r-l"NCO^N^NC5eO i-i-iaic^ojeor-ioc- goioiHiaocoaoa HCJCOH^HHOO XI>(NCO ididididiOTjHioioio ococaeoQ2;3;i>.if5 Ir-rHNCOrHC^iHr-IGO HiOCOH^X'OMtO OiCOODi-H-^OiCO^OO <0»O00OMHI>M 9.° •ssgsg gel's 3 £h rH • 'rH >HHOOH fess§s?gsgsgsssg «0»t>rtl>tO»C*(OiOWT N(OlOMNH«ONiOt-HWON l>^-*lNc5cO00'fl»C4C000'V«>«3Oi ,« ,-H ,-H ,_CO r- "* rH rHrHIN cooi-^tcoioooiMiomoicDaoiCiio ■*a5caOQoootoHcoo«tor« lOflNrtWHeOOTCOHHHHN coixrt'M«0'fteocO'* lOHCOCQHOlHOD^OOiOOab lOCOMiHCOrHCOCOCftOlrHiHiHM toO"*macoowcoMMNioost-?5cooiiOC ; Scoi>OJi-ioi PiofrH ofrHCfofeOr-T rHrH* Cfc OS lO 00 lOr DOCOt-iO 5««oo IsOtOi-lCO HCOO!OOCMCOMI>^lO(DO , il OS .§11 s >-tH C M.2 t- rt ce 03 ?bobo c3oSoo5oi---~3ooEa) S t3 & En SIZE OF FAMILIES. 337 r-CNHtNCOr^-^iO^r-lt- esgssggfssg 5?!§ISSS3 S8SSSSSS8SSSS SoicocoiocomtocoMcj ^OOOOHWOHOOOD ■i CN rH rH rH r-1 tH i-H r-( CCS't-i-liai-ltOlOOtN iH 05 tO©iOiOI>l>Cl©iHTr rHl-H-^CNi-HT-C^i-Hi-lrHCN ■i-:ii , ~;X''iii;' , i:i-i | "*©00iai5o3i rHiHCOCN.-HrHCNrHrHrHCN. t t :t^ NO)0! 9 0: " Hn t--T)l Cft «t*H> 00 CM 00 00 iO CO W ■ ■ ■ • o t, 8490—00 CN «rH CN -rH"* © iOI»CO00tJiO (O^OOIN OlINOC t"t-lSff -#Q0 rHOOOOCOr -^TprHCMCOCNrHeO tJ< tT tH CN CO CN rH CO ^-tHt-hcncocncnco NHHHOlHHiO 3 O C- iO I> CS iCt QO t-OKDHtlHOHN MMWOSi-HO^iO COCNrHrHCNr (D^WOHOOtOM Al 2 SS'g £| mr-i-ieoiococowivf t-eiioooHifit-iHin O^WOioaiXNQoOiiO CSCN tH rH rt lO >-H i-H CO 000COtD(O(N(N»i00i- aoii^r-cacocoaj'^icoM coino»'*!N^o>HMO)int»HiOO>iDM COiOOCOOOCNOBOCOOJ TjilCr-lcScoeOCM«lCO<0 CQiCrHrHTjStDCO HcnaicooOf-iooM CO"* i-t CO CO CM is. r-( m lOO0>HM00OiK«O HHiaoiocMOtor^ro rHlN rH !>-■* rH 000(0«300iOiOe4C>J03 1/5 Tj< T|i 1/3 ■* TP ^ -»lDTjH (OTjltOiOMOOOKOOr H CM i-t I> 95 (N ■* HtNIXNCOCD^mCM O CU S«.S CO go 338 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. 3 a a o o ••-> =5 H o o H s H M "^J«t^CNI>-*00iHCOQ0CM' SrHOit-OQ'OiOO'Xl'-lCMC CNr-ieocoCNl>COrfCOiX!QOWQO r~i>o]coi-ooi>iCi/ >)COCMI>COo60i,HOO i0tO"jr^H9ica(O HMiHVOCNiOOl «0 1J(NCftN«H -I CO CM QOOlCO ■ro-fcN'r-ricor^-rits" io* Tf< OlOOi-l in oT i-^ of io" t^T Vr^" iH OJ.H iQ &* OJ Sp.3 3w a 3 Sags a "toiS^o ?« B S a 3 «« 9 a 5 WATER SUPPLY. 339 Table XXXII. — Source of water supply. Department. Total num- ber of dwellings Cistern. Aque- duct. Spring. River. Not stated. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 17,786 26,604 23,839 18,928 15,466 22,171 33, 621 158, 305 12,583 9,776 9,474 4,665 3,253 9,741 5,601 23 24 391 1,011 637 2,476 4,831 1,394 3,455 241 990 894 227 4,456 16, 262 10,403 12, 955 10, 520 8,914 22,848 65,093 9,393 85, 348 29 58 116 56 56 146 114 575 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. District. Total num- ber of dwellings. Cistern. Aque- duct. Spring. River. Not stated. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Eincon San Sebastian The department 2,025 3,097 2,542 3,747 2,298 1,127 2,950 17, 786 1,503 1,970 1,933 2,828 2,052 740 1,557 12,583 113 394 92 30 1 56 511 1,004 211 801 215 385 1,329 4,456 DEPARTMENT OP ARECIBO. 5,667 1,524 1,953 2,856 1,740 2,424 1,765 1,236 7,339 2,887 1,170 830 869 1,053 1,124 510 745 588 233 95 315 41 80 280 4 322 24 2,532 256 806 1,941 597 995 1,244 167 6,714 1 1 4 Hatillo 20 1 1 12 26,504 9,776 24 1,394 15,262 68 DEPARTMENT OP BAYAMON. 3,347 2,055 1,839 697 2,104 1,251 2,089 2,196 2,519 1,324 701 923 1,076 1,718 1,192 843 798 513 932 563 472 442 373 809 412 464 809 862 1 1 643 60 1,478 1,145 1,039 60 1,139 688 1,658 1,643 161 504 36 415 190 457 33 2 123 27 Loiza 3 3 Naranjito Rio Grande 3 12 370 53 177 1,600 4 249 52 77 390 3 Rio Piedras 22 San Juan 25 ToaAlta 7 ToaBaja 4 TrujilloAlto 2 1 8 The department 23,839 9,474 391 3,455 10,403 116 340 EEPOBT ON THE CENSUS OF POETO RICO, 1899. Table XXXII.— Source of water supply— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. District. Total num- ber of dwellings. Cistern. Aque- duct. Spring. Eiver. Not stated. 1,306 783 3,406 2,369 1,326 1,386 2,290 1,405 1,417 995 2,305 637 339 428- 383 2 660 270 502 498 440 506 10 3 169 12 655 437 2,803 1,957 1,316 673 967 901 916 537 1,793 4 4 6 1 6 8 1 29 2 1,010 14 2 1 15 1 2 3 5 18,928 4,665 1,011 241 12,955 56 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. Fajardo Humacao Maunabo Naguabo Patillas Piedras Vieques Yabucoa The department 15,466 3,012 340 2,307 552 1,157 9 1,875 650 2,058 259 1,488 317 1,273 834 2,286 292 3,253 332 990 115 2,542 239 1,609 29 1,115 167 750 2 1,455 1 1,166 430 8 7 1,975 10,520 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Afiasco CaboRojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez . . Sabana Grande San German The department 22,171 1,366 2,338 336 1,076 462 432 1,361 1 531 1,840 9,741 29 41 2,404 1,998 2,476 237 256 32 59 6 14 83 16 71 136 802 272 221 333 1,569 1,079 1, 798 9 1,252 1,588 8,914 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefluelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 3,416 1,328 1,261 2,292 2,362 1,622 4,399 2,044 9,413 4,629 807 4,677 33,621 139 254 325 51 269 636 678 859 ISO 398 1,499 5,601 4,831 67 1 1 1 3 9 7 267 20 2 4,436 70 4,236 27 10 113 2,743 1,186 1,004 1,963 2,304 1,342 3,466 1,460 3,985 93 399 2,996 22,848 DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE. 341 Table XXXIII.— Disposal of garbage. Department. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico Total num- ber of dwellings. 17,786 26,504 23, 839 18, 928 15,456 22, 171 33,621 158, 305 City. 1,676 2,491 3,213 3,748 2,373 2,189 4,504 20,194 Private. 15,050 23,087 16, 311 12, 747 8,537 17, 746 18, 869 112,347 Burn. 1,029 859 3,675 2,367 4,458 2,132 10,117 24,637 Not stated. 31 67 640 66 88 104 131 1,127 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. District. Total num- ber of dwellings. City. Private. Not stated. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Rincon San Sebastian The department 2,025 3,097 2,542 3,747 2,298 1,127 2,950 17,786 792 168 186 216 316 1,633 2,269 2,233 3,400 1,980 1,021 2,614 15,060 491 31 136 153 100 106 12 31 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. Arecibo Barceloneta .-..*.-;. .-.. Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 5,667 1,524 1,953 2,856 1,740 2,424 1,765 1,236 7,339 26,504 867 78 198 1 785 152 410 4,471 1,411 1,828 2,546 1,720 1,399 1,755 1,080 6,877 23,087 314 111 44 107 7 233 4 2 37 15 2 3 6 12 7 6 2 15 67 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. 3,347 2,055 1,839 697 2,104 1,251 2,089 2,196 2,519 1,324 701 923 1,076 1,718 411 401 2,668 1,578 1, 511- 546 1,470 1,207 1,397 1,724 471 538 341 710 886 1,264 246 66 - 261 151 370 44 388 275 590 597 356 23 190 118 22 10 67 264 232 185 1,452 187 72 12 6 ToaAlta 2 4 TrujilloAIto 19 171 VegaBaja 326 10 23,839 3,213 16, 311 3,675 640 342 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXXIII.— Disposal of garbage— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. District. Total num- ber Of dwellings. City. Private. Burn. Not stated. 1,306 783 3,406 2,369 1,326 1,336 2,290 1,405 1,417 995 2,305 207 1,092 481 2,297 1,196 1,098 1,078 1,037 1,168 675 540 2,085 3 298 208 689 1 44 439 2 363 310 10 4 4 895 468 219 201 801 233 377 142 205 6 6 8 13 13 2 2 3 5 18,928 3,748 12, 747 2,367 66 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 3,012 2,307 1,157 1,875 2,058 1,488 1,273 2,286 681 463 200 296 340 1,497 1,663 454 370 1,028 1,041 631 1,853 819 176 499 1,175 676 443 379 291 15 6 4 34 14 4 262 131 1 11 15,456 2,373 8,537 3,458 88 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Afiasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lit j MS Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayagues.. Sabana Grande San German The department 2,411 2,886 594 1,473 2,070 1,570 5,736 2,107 1,861 3,570 22,171 350 21 30 102 1,375 2,374 311 2,189 1,629 2,235 582 1,280 1,806 1,451 3,947 em 1,854 2,962 17,746 427 610 7 186 231 106 1 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juana Diaz Pefiuelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 3,416 1,328 1,261 2,292 2,362 1,622 4,399 2,044 9,413 4,629 807 4,677 33, 621 15 415 311 3,127 S.12S 2,838 607 1,078 2,074 1,014 1,247 2,839 914 2,660 294 234 3,364 18,869 357 718 177 200 929 370 1,238 1,124 3,559 1,170 573 872 10,117 DISPOSAL OF EXCRETA. 343 Table XXXIV. — Disposal of excreta. Department. Total num- ber of dwellings. Not stated. Aguadilla Arecibo Bayamon Guayama Humacao Mayaguez Ponce Porto Rico 17,786 26,504 23,839 18,928 15,456 22, 171 33,621 3,042 4,488 6,581 4,408 2,547 5,209 8,554 24 17 240 506 158, 305 34,829 1,181 14, 682 21,914 16,383 14,441 12, 521 16,649 24,334 120, 924 35 63 547 55 371 73 227 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. District. Total num- ber of dwellings. Sewer. None. Not stated. Aguada Aguadilla Isabela Lares Moca Rincon San Sebastian The department 2,025 3,097 2,542 3,747 2,298 1,127 2,950 17,786 210 743 185 907 338 78 681 3,042 27 1,806 2,341 2,351 2,818 1,959 1,047 2,360 14,682 35 DEPARTMENT OP ARECIBO. Arecibo Barceloneta Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado The department 5,667 1,624 1,953 2,856 1,740 2,424 1,765 1,236 7,339 26,504 994 222 295 607 •w 15 1 2 4 4,642 1,299 1,654 2,337 1,523 713 238 167 1 1 1 1,706 1,520 1,066 145 14 6,167 16 2 2 8 10 4 6 2 13 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. 3,347 2,055 l,88t 697 2,104 1,251 2,089 2,196 2,519 1,324 701 923 1,076 1,718 1,033 517 237 267 352 119 557 489 1,778 215 380 102 184 351 11 3 2,282 1,298 1,597 419 1,555 1,132 1,514 1,668 448 1,107 309 808 891 1,355 21 237 5 3 1 8 196 13 4 281 6 Rio Piedras 35 12 ToaAlta 2 ToaBaja 12 TmjilloAlto 7 1 4 6 Vega Alta Vega Baja 8 23,839 6,581 328 16,383 547 344 REPORT ON THE CENSUS Otf PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXXIV.— Disposal of excreta— Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. District. Total num- ber of dwellings. Cesspool. Sewer. None. Not stated. 1,306 783 3,406 2,359 1,326 1,336 2,290 1,405 1,417 995 2,305 176 303 1,054 524 295 238 867 123 230 417 181 4 2 5 6 1,121 474 2,341 1,825 1,023 1,096 1,405 1,280 1,184 573 2,119 5 4 6 5 8 2 5 13 2 1 2 2 3 5 18,928 4,408 24 14,441 55 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 3,012 2,307 1,157 1,875 2,058 1,488 1,273 2,286 646 504 80 398 422 132 285 80 2 3 2 2,349 1,795 1,071 1,155 1,620 1,350 985 2,196 15 6 4 322 6 2 1 1 10 4 2 9 15,456 2,547 17 12,521 371 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. Aflasco Cabo Rojo Hormigueros Lajas Las Marias Maricao Mayaguez City of Mayaguez. . Sabana Grande San German The department 2,411 2,886 594 1,473 2,070 1,570 5,736 .2,107 1,861 3,570 22, 171 538 462 73 324 238 276 2,370 1,591 230 699 5,209 10 33 148 131 1 43 1,865 2,403 515 1,143 1,819 1,256 3,197 370 1,625 2,826 16,649 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Adjuntas Aibonito Barranquitas Barros Coamo Guayanilla Juan Diaz Penuelas Ponce City of Ponce Santa Isabel Yauco The department 3,416 1,328 1,261 2,292 2,362 1,622 4,399 2,044 9,413 4,629 807 4,677 33, 621 623 238 61 130 421 111 419 231 4,836 s,eu 151 1,343 8,554 241 4 3 4 4 220 ill 1 26 506 2,486 1,083 1,206 2,152 1,937 1,603 3,965 1,803 4,246 731 655 3,298 24,334 VITAL STATISTICS. 345 •aiBina,! '45 it- ifi -r tftr^r^ 5 CO OS CO SOWHU (DOC1 ■- ' 00 rH 00 ■ -r a-- 1- •aiBM rH "*t< " _- C-00 t> CM CO CO lar-cs - ■ Oil^CN cp Momo ■a^Bura^ S 00 O tO iH 1— CO 5a»OtooorHO H HM i-HCM •a^pi eM-^rHCMaOiQCOinCMCM-^OCO •ai-eraaji o cm t-i oo ■**■>* to CM ifJ CO rH >* CM rH CM rH rH CO rH rH CM GO -# CO CO CO OStO ^f rH tOiQiO'^QS HNH(NH © ©c©©TtHCN'*mrHI>CO'VI>iO •ai-BH S CM rH rH OS T* CO CO H rH rH CO rH rH CM l> ■aiBtnaj; ^ »o i> o» OS t-- o CM l-H tH CO rH rH C OS©mcOrHCQOt>©eMr t-rHiOCMrH^i©I>CO'*r •3W I> CO iC rH rf t> t- i-H CO iH O CO ^ CO CM rH rH CO rH rH CM CM "* CO CO -^f O CO io to in o id ^o io rHCM rHCOrH CM MHOOOCSOlMOJlOOOUjaJ •apraa^ 3 1- irj as 00 r^ CO p lO to CO CO OS rH 4H COrH CM OS CM MOHlD* i-HCM rHCOrH OS ■3I-BM $8S aNH^lOCOONCOOOJHH ©C»eOtOCOCNtOCMCOCOCOaOtD •aXBraaj; rHCMrHrHCM CM CM CO OS id r- © rH CO t- 1C CO CO t- O rHrHrHCOrH C- t- ■># rH © t- OS CM o= cm coos cor- os rHCM rHCM rH to •aimnaa rH ■* -V i£> lO CO m CM CM CO CO lO to © HCNHCNH l> ■atBH SCO rH CM CM CO CO OiO'VHMO CM rH rH CO rH rH CO COCMOI>rHI>'*TtiOi^-*"tOO CMCMCD^CO^tOCOCOt^'T'OSCO rHrHrH rH CO rH i-H •ai'euisj ifl O CO CM ao to CM rH CO-* CO rH CO lO CM rHi-HCOrH CM SlfJ OS CO O CM OS MOlOtCOlO CM CM rHCOrH CO •at-BK rH rH OS rH © CM CO OS CO CM t~ CM CO OS rH rH rH CO rH rH rH tOtOi— leMrHiOtOTflcQiOCMCOCO 0000-^COI>-^-*CMI>COOStO ■aiuura^ ixomiOiON co CO CM ■* CO Cft CM.CO rHrHi-HCM rH CM co co -^ cm co toe; tOOsCOS-^iOCO^iOC-^OSC^ ■8IBH or^ogsT*Hi>o HO CDOOCMtO CM rH rH CO rH rH rH CMC- CM CO CO CO <# CMCMi-HCOrH l> )>OiCiO«Ot0'*ii0 00-*0>l> •Q\vxaa^ OOOiflOlrlHN OS ■># CO I> l£> rH rH r^ i-i t~< CM r^ r-i CM ■9IUH r-oostoirjooscocoiTJcoooira •aiBtne^ to OS Tf< iO CO r-t CM rH rH rH CO rH rH to •apTH S-^ ** tO O lO CM ©CM CM OrHtO rH rH rH CO rH rH CM IJDCNirjOSCOCOCOi-IOSrH-fOO COCOaOt^OO^^CM^OOtOOSCC rHrH rH CO rH r-t ■siBraa^; rH 1« CM t- rH T* CO rH rH OS ** tO CO © CN rH rH CO rH rH CM co os i> io \£> id r- O Tt) CO CO CO r-i CO CM CM rH CO rH rH lO ■8I-BH S^P-ggcMO CO rH rHCM Q0rHI>c6cOC Tf rH OS tO rH CO CO tO lO tO O tf" O OS rH CM rH "* rH rH CO ifl CO rH CO CO IfiCOtO GO tO i— HO OS asincsoscocM©intoi>*>©ir- rH rH rH rH CO r-\r-1 SCO 1 «H ! 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COeOT)f|>OOJi-ICMiH«01^ M iH iH rH GN rH Tj* CM tO tJ< iO-*p-<*tcOos CO M rH rH CN-rH t}< CM (O Tfi rHCMI>rH©t^i©i-lCO«iCT> tDCOCMQiQCOO'3'aOiOCO •# tH t-I CM GN rH ^ CM iQ -V OlOtOCftTflOlcOCft-^TtlCO (DTj(TjtO»(OCMCOTHt-W^ Tp H iH rH rH rH T CN lO TT !O^Ncnr*oiocot»-oito HONOOeO'fllHQOiO'* COiH rHCSrHCOCMS "* (DOlOrHt»COiO«)TC"^0 HCOCM CO "^ 5^Crr H ' ; o^ ,( Ocooi>o» 0-*OOHOHOHl'0 CO rH rH CM CM rH ^ CN 5D 5 rH^CMWCCCMCMoCiCOtOOi CO rH jH rH rH iH CO rH C- -<*1 COrHiHCMCNrHCOCMr- K •igs gig; 348 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXXVI.— Marriages in Porto Rico, 1888 to 1898, inclusive, by departments and municipal districts. Departments and muni- cipal districts. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. Total. 485 450 595 648 626 572 556 673 657 532 390 6,184 53 25 44 146 84 28 105 62 39 49 121 81 21 87 72 63 94 143 72 46 105 98 67 55 154 90 56 128 72 100 71 143 105 24 111 75 109 59 128 53 34 114 63 93 57 149 55 22 117 81 146 73 143 116 37 77 55 135 72 164 89 35 107 45 75 77 103 64 76 92 45 87 44 60 65 29 60 711 939 695 1,454 874 408 San Sebastian 1,103 845 484 855 624 666 841 734 956 822 857 487 8,171 33 86 113 110 125 95 109 110 135 187 140 1,243 108 210 65 57 16 64 292 84 35 59 13 1 54 152 45 108 71 47 67 64 340 49 76 33 32 53 69 202 63 62 32 56 61 52 225 76 67 48 193 42 53 267 45 79 40 102 66 42 261 58 94 52 113 78 55 396 73 87 38 142 61 40 246 50 85 51 13P 45 97 212 29 29 21 93 37 29 109 680 932 510 978 517 Quebradillas 619 2,692 304 375 677 469 560 601 475 587 549 445 428 5,360 29 6 69 8 19 57 55 5 95 29 90 10 10 49 19 113 36 19 14 33 60 69 35 63 9 19 46 21 104 19 7 11 16 60 86 47 74 7 18 37 40 139 25 8 14 14 41 102 41 81 16 17 47 29 148 35 3 21 17 44 72 35 60 7 14 25 29 102 38 13 13 30 37 99 52 102 8 11 49 27 124 30 13 19 20 33 85 37 82 10 17 34 29 134 32 8 26 17 38 65 44 47 1 18 21 32 111 26 5 20 30 26 77 21 43 15 53 28 27 86 10 6 18 10 34 798 404 766 96 177 36 34 51 17 2 8 7 37 48 47 54 29 8 7 5 41 420 334 1,166 Toa Alta 296 92 TrujilloAlto 171 199 441 327 205 383 358 425 496 404 380 427 393 315 4,123 Aguas Buenas 29 9 31 57 12 36 29 11 18 21 74 31 4 15 44 35 19 5 5 4 3 40 39 7 64 47 53 34 30 20 16 14 59 31 24 69 37 36 31 27 18 24 9 52 98 16 81 35 37 18 33 20 23 7 67 76 20 75 36 44 37 34 43 35 15 81 42 14 70 40 38 26 51 26 26 18 53 43 12 77 36 37 23 33 33 27 10 49 41 15 66 39 42 34 31 86 19 16 38 26 7 83 43 38 41 21 51 22 22 39 15 11 54 34 39 27 22 32 26 9 46 471 139 685 448 411 326 316 345 240 144 San Lorenzo 598 151 126 252 224 277 367 285 283 229 241 294 2,729 27 16 12 29 30 2 6 22 24 38 21 27 3 8 2 3 63 85 28 49 16 37 13 11 49 48 17 35 22 34 12 7 47 44 26 58 24 27 34 18 72 39 32 68 63 38 45 20 49 34 20 43 40 39 45 15 63 42 19 36 28 44 32 19 49 23 17 47 21 30 29 13 47 33 14 38 32 33 30 14 131 23 11 36 19 39 27 8 621 375 216 466 265 359 Rio Grande 2 271 134 22 l 278 232 586 743 691 621 864 711 528 477 362 6,093 28 37 19 1 57 74 13 49 53 29 139 65 107 64 84 16 43 59 30 173 129 145 93 80 22 54 60 30 181 63 108 72 90 12 39 58 27 161 64 98 70 89 15 52 68 58 140 56 316 104 96 9 37 80 26 145 49 165 80 47 17 37 62 16 128 52 89 64 67 18 25 56 16 116 39 76 41 56 18 18 32 20 89 37 61 692 721 140 6 45 12 77 29 44 4 35 10 68 63 32 364 60S 274 1,417 Sabana Grande San German 646 1,281 1 Included with district of Manati. 2 Included in department of Humacao for reasons explained on page 41. VITAL STATISTICS. 349 Table XXXVI. — Marriages in Porto Rico, 1888 to 1898, inclusive, by departments and municipal districts — Continued. Departments and muni- cipal districts. 1888. 1890. 1893. 1894. 1895. Total. Fonce Adjuntas.... Aibonito Barranquitas Banns Coamo Guayanilla. .. JuanaDiaz... Pefiuelas Ponce Santa Isabel.. Yauco 139 41 47 113 99 56 76 13 149 32 134 831 751 799 784 68 31 22 76 9 31 26 40 131 15 80 106 60 55 64 66 48 75 46 175 21 115 171 38 53 102 61 31 53 113 27 55 104 43 46 63 46 156 14 84 100 37 63 77 58 43 i;s 51 189 15 101 28 34 67 47 20 35 41 149 21 73 43 48 75 50 21 91 26 156 12 80 84 27 54 72 31 12 32 14 141 24 70 127 44 29 21 79 91 156 29 97 34 25 45 50 43 14 52 11 118 12 48 7,725 1,054 390 603 84 1 536 343 647 409 1,719 204 976 350 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. -apsmaj; BCOCC-HO©m "ij" ^f m oo cc rji n ■* co r- 1> os o» § H'S'CCOOlOH O OOOIO^OlD-OO-VOiTfliOOOtD HCOOOOCNCO« ■ap*W rHOS : 3'C03''g!in)t-iHiHrHr-(CO HCOHiOOQOOaOOCOCON COr-IrH rH 'aiBinaj rH CO rH lf5 CM 1« rH CO ■"3" CO m tD CO CM HNHT CM CM «coc».--cMTt<<©r-ieo cfiOCOCNOOI>OOt>-CX3'*COOOI> •ai«K rH OS CM CO CM CO CD ifi (N rl t* O Ol CN CMCNCMmcO CO --* CM CO CM r H CO rH Tf CM r sojoooiincocftcow ■apraiaj; i-n> ij' t~ in co cm COCOCOr-(OOOt*JiCNCOCOt*0 »COCNCNOOOOcOi-lcOtOWtr ■91BK m rp r- os t- in ■<* CD CO "Cf Tf Tf cm CO OOOCOCOOOO HCOOCOHCO Ji aoiOHHOccn HHMi-l CO «OHOMiOCOHit5'VOit ©OS.-H-cror»H5t» rHl-HrHCOrH O* SCOOCOCMCOCOQOO •ot-Btaaj ■i at cd Tt" co en m UiOCN »© 0)0 H rH rHCCCM CM mooicom too cor-© ocm aicD rHrHCOi-l OO ■8X«K oiocor~ cooico OS OS CM -C^ rH CO OS rHrHCOrH CT> ■ap*K coc-ftooicocoocNt^-^^m ©osos^t-inr-osoocoTjHcoin )HN-*tOOr s t- co f- 1- r- 1- rH CM If •8IBM COCOOt-cOOlN f- "•* CM t* OS [- CO rHrHrHCO rH OS-H«cOin©CMCMr-CMCOinr-© cooocoi>i>»oi>cocoinmco ■9fBm9j£ HHHCOr cm cm •* in -f r- r-i l-OSCM totr- CD rHrH rHCO rH i-H ■opnnoj]; momoimct ) co m in o> co m J CO CO rH CO OS ■** rH CO in •ai-BK o go co co r- r- co CD rH CD CO CO 00 LO HMHCOH rH OS CO tH t- CO SO CO o> m r- m m co cm rH CO CO lOCOr^fHrtlO ©cor-cocMOin CM rH rH CO rH rH rH OS "■# CO ■* CO © i- rH CO OS CO t- rH T rHrH CO i-HCJ •31BR[ 1> CO CO CO CM © t* cm cm -* os co com Tt"rHrHQOCOEO©COI>©r-.COli ■simnajt cp©oinco©eoQO-^incoinco ososojcocc-^cocor-cM'^'ciO rH i-iCO rH 5 r- co co en cm cs cor-ji>eooscoco©i>tSiinu ■oremaji in Th OS rH rH CM «J © CO CO t- t- QO C rHrH CM CJ 0>cOOTO»iCI>lOMOQQ(Ci|>0 OSrHOOTJHr-cDini-HCOeO-^COrH rHrH rH ^ rH -a 3 CD 5 "^.MBtfag ■ a) oj H S^-e 9 fe <" 3 -^PhUoWSSc^P lilii CD si S"0 gs ■ b o d °s i£3dS j^i.| Hfi>f- & VITAL STATISTICS. 351 sgsgs fJINHHNnH MNHHNr Si- o co r*- Tf so WWih co co eo 3 CN l> CO ■* CN CN 5t-oooso> 3 O Oi OS OS CJCM rHi-HCNCOr 3 (DOS'; 5« r-^ooeot-tooOTp^eoo to os «3 © CO W rH rH CN rH rH CN ■<*cicoi- CCr-Ha>eOiOrHrf*J'iQt( CNCN rl W i-l 'J H 00 01 ■* o cotocN'*j<MI>lM r-aora t* 00 1> © rH 00 CN -V 1> «H rHCN rH rH ©h ^©rHt-icoeooto HriHMNnWnCO COCNrHrHC-lrHi-HrHCN 3CNCOC0CM5OC0r or-tDoOi-iooco-wo COi-l HH(OHC nt>(N"*Oift'OCOri<'7' HHHCOHt- CO (NCftWg'-^'-^r-ICOOi i-ii-)GOTj«ixocoitteo CNCN HrtHtDriCO 80l>eOCOOOOOCOTj50 CN CN rH r-t rH r-l i~t IXO © rH iO r ?dCOrHTHaOCOOlnHH03lOMOi^ N TP iflrHXlOMOt^OT COCOCOOp©r--3't— ffi CNt^CNCNrHrHOSCNOJ CO CM rH i-H in GNO* HHHOHM 1-I1H -(".— ' — rHlflOOSOCNCNCpOJ XOOJtOrHt-OOOO rHfN CM HHH wcniNCJ^r-OOTji COCOOlCOCNrHCOCN-H COi-H THNHHrtN - CN t» Ol t* O CN O 3 t 'V « t- tfi 00 ■* >J rlHHWHOT lOeor-mr-r-cooirH cotouoco'^'mcotor* CNCN HiHHOSH-* iCCOi£>EO-#iOCOr~CNCN<- CN rH i-H i-H 'tf' t-i I> IT. ll s Ilssls OOrHOSOJCOCOlOO iOCNrHOC»tOCiCOi-i CO rH i-H rH rH CN i-H CN - Tf CO CO rH ■rJHCOOl RKOCOr^OiOOOI^ •I rHrnrH tOCN TH riOffliCMiOOiOOOON OOm(OrHQO"WOJ-rfCJr»TH CN HHH"Vrtl> lO Mr-Ot-Ot^tOtJ-rH CNrHri CO rH CN cocomm©i-ooi— © •^COrHl— rHOSOiOOSO CN CN r-H i-H CN rH CN CO SO <->-rt* COd f-OOOlOCl iTJlO ■* tji O CN I- tp CN aocoascNrHcoim-rHirjco CNr~«3COiTj'^'r-CNr"3'iO ■M CN H rH CO rH I> O ooihcoi>oa>r CN CN rH rH CN rH ot^CNcocncor-oooooi rHtOt^-r-ftOCN'^m'J'COQO CN HHnWnN lO ifflMNiOHONO tCDOOWCOiOt'O rHCN HHH rHCOCOiTjtO^fr-CS ■- t Tf lOOCN O rH rH rH CNm M"tj< ss t oeor- MO' CNrH e^jooirjcocftotoK Cftoe CNCN CNOC^CNTtHfCOeOCO t3 . <0 • •a 'ShS § ■§«a§ES5°o'g § so S a s?5^ os^.2°.S 03 tut} irtrf 3 0) o S « §)S C >.* S3 OS'S rj'S ^M §§gg 2 « oi 03 2 oi 0?3 IDS' to a> ^ o 3 0S2 QJ O S « 352 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXXVIII. — Farm areas in cuerdas. PORTO RICO. Department. Number oi farms. Total area. Culti- vated. Large timber. Small timber. Porto Rico Aguadilla Arecibo . . Bayamon. Guayama. Humacao Mayaguez Ponce 39, 021 3,757,774 477,987 6,266 6,764 5,586 3,975 3,273 6,218 176, 751 337, 735 253, 247 225, 182 174, 824 223, 942 366,093 55,808 101,030 43,785 49,653 31,302 78, 989 117,420 141, 803 8,656 38,869 16,073 17,070 16,735 20, 796 24,604 161,313 16,534 52,982 16,841 15,745 7,322 18,163 33,726 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. District. Number of farms. Total area. Culti- vated. Large timber. Small timber. 970 820 898 931 968 569 1,110 17,442 19, 711 29,492 35,718 24, 193 7,855 42,340 4,844 5,666 7,212 17,124 6,104 2,771 13, 087 704 1,177 1,823 1,893 1,028 108 1,923 56u 2,208 4,202 4,956 1,015 2,717 Total 6,266 176, 751 56,808 8,656 16,534 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. Arecibo Barceloneta . Camuy Ciales Hatillo Manati Morovis Quebradillas Utuado Total.. 1,448 69,965 16,064 11,118 15, 130 364 19,260 4,711 2,799 2,766 532 23,724 4,266 1,223 4,834 715 40, 835 17, 163 4,050 4,612 577 23, 961 4,115 1,708 2,413 455 20,954 4,131 2,758 3,534 637 24,250 6,026 972 1,868 435 12,330 2,665 850 1,693 1,701 102,466 42,899 13, 391 26,232 6,764 337,735 101,030 38,869 52,982 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. Bayamon Carolina Corozal Dorado Loiza Naranjito ... Rio Grande.. Rio Piedras.. San Juan Toa Alta ToaBaja Trujillo Alto Vega Alta . . . Vega Baja. .. Total . . 727 447 771 123 466 395 465 675 55 353 128 811 307 463 32, 682 17, 994 24,466 12,449 27,892 16,497 31,453 23,401 1,445 11, 130 8,061 10, 566 12, 869 22, 342 253, 247 5,122 3,815 4,929 965 6,280 4,398 4,911 2,783 174 1,324 1,029 1,330 2,764 3,971 43,785 1,668 625 443 1,250 1,700 286 5,294 642 21 334 783 115 1,449 1,573 16, 073 2,727 318 1,593 1,396 1,157 477 3,492 1,558 368 524 225 1,164 1,842 16,841 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 353 Table XXXVIII — Farm areas iii cuerdas — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP GUAYAMA. District. Number of farms. Total area. Culti- vated. Large timber. Small timber. 415 18,640 5,180 960 567 99 6,141 2,108 567 34, 241 5,117 1,167 2,639 561 28, 585 10, 758 1,680 4,055 419 19, 300 4,387 568 881 323 18, 154 5,799 1,002 85 277 22, 159 5,442 6,235 4,151 279 15, 591 2, 262 334 666 322 14, 000 2, 963 399 269 99 20, 757 1,896 2,776 1,616 614 27, 614 3,741 1,949 816 3,975 225, 182 49, 653 17,070 15, 745 Aguas Buenas Arroyo Caguas Cayey Cidra Comerio Guayama Gurabo Juncos Salinas San Lorenzo. . Total . . . DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 54 397 485 273 316 481 552 120 595 2,677 32, 224 19, 373 11,765 16, 783 22, 713 16,235 26,813 27, 241 263 6,548 3,135 2, 972 2,273 4,924 1,780 4,003 5,404 863 3,010 216 856 3,426 2,413 658 3,307 986 1,558 602 278 1,786 135 441 2,361 161 3,273 174, 824 31, 302 15, 735 7,322 723 935 166 513 647 265 1,128 542 1,299 20, 871 36, 806 5,986 30,072 30,334 22, 648 30,782 17,894 28,549 8,092 6,630 1,775 5,409 17,451 13, 109 13, 430 4,233 8,860 644 6,153 265 2,987 2,590 3.629 1,467 1,380 1,681 1,906 3,895 41 1,816 5,341 1,880 1,620 562 1,102 Total 6,218 223, 942 78, 989 20, 796 18,163 734 302 560 795 699 546 764 701 749 5 72 1,117 42, 399 14, 272 21,515 40, 909 35,873 22, 146 43,373 24, 578 51,402 2,010 14, 593 55, 033 23, 306 4,174 5,273 12, 836 7,040 6,697 14, 877 6,264 19, 517 638 2,208 15, 228 4,585 7,009 ■ 792 5,106 1,680 2,275 2,313 2,191 3,585 1,220 6,310 1,079 2,042 3,845 1,889 2,483 24 2,053 1,716 7,133 Total 6,939 366, 093 117, 420 24, 604 33, 726 8490—00- -23 354 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XXXIX. — Tenure of farms, by size and by rare of occupant. PORTO RICO. Number of farms. to4 cuerdas. 5 to 9 cuerdas. 10 to 19 cuerdas. 20 to 49 cuerdas. 50 to 99 cuerdas. 100 cuer- das and orer. 27, 617 1,841 8,555 569 439 14, 675 885 6,113 400 254 5,452 377 1,410 103 75 3,527 247 650 38 41 2,380 190 295 22 42 833 77 68 5 11 750 65 19 1 Other 16 Total 39, 021 22,327 7,417 4,503 2,929 994 851 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 5,325 413 466 32 30 3,248 219 317 18 13 1,003 97 77 5 9 561 53 42 5 6 335 34 20 3 1 116 10 8 1 62 Other Total 6,266 3,815 1,191 667 393 135 65 White owners 5,579 137 989 13 46 2,521 57 612 5 27 1,183 30 182 4 5 849 21 118 3 7 629 16 57 1 3 228 10 13 169 Colored owners 7 Other 2 Total 6,764 3,222 1,404 998 706 253 3,193 270 1,807 199 117 1,907 141 1,422 154 85 651 53 254 32 19 381 34 99 8 6 175 21 28 5 6 40 4 3 39 1 Colored renters Other 1 Total 5,586 3,709 1,009 528 235 47 58 2,307 405 1,096 117 50 1,063 174 701 71 25 518 70 224 29 9 364 69 95 8 '2 232 59 69 7 9 82 19 16 2 2 48 14 1 Colored renters.'. Other 3 Total 3,975 2,034 850 538 366 121 66 1,701 143 1,302 86 41 1,236 91 1,064 71 22 250 16 165 10 12 103 13 59 3 2 47 3 12 2 4 21 8 2 44 12 Other 1 Total 3,273 2,484 453 ' 180 68 32 66 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 355 Table XXXIX. — Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. White owners . White renters. . Colored owners Colored renters Other Total.... Number of farms. 4,541 283 1,238 65 91 6,218 0to4 cuerdas. 2,489 137 906 44 53 :,629 5 to 9 cuerdas. 806 67 197 13 12 10 to 19 cuerdas. 509 33 76 6 10 20 to 49 cuerdas. 406 33 43 50 to 99 cuerdas. 159 11 12 1 100 cuer- das and over. 173 2 4 1 5 185 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 4,971 190 1,657 57 64 2,211 66 1,091 37 29 1,042 44 311 10 9 760 24 161 5 8 556 24 76 4 11 187 15 14 1 3 215 17 Colored owners 4 4 Total 6,939 3,434 1,416 958 671 220 240 Table XL. — Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant, and cultivated area. PORTO RICO. Number of farms. 0to4 cuerdas. 5 to 9 cuerdas. 10 to 19 cuerdas. 20 to 49 cuerdas. 50 to 99 cuerdas. 100 cuerdas and over. 27, 617 1,841 8,555 569 439 33, 651 2,166 12,931 920 606 36, 066 2,511 9,126 682 490 46, 099 3,276 8,346 507 532 68, 489 5,366 8,114 625 1,189 54,541 5,010 4,307 319 765 150,988 13,584 2,960 100 Other 3,760 Total 39,021 50,274 1 48,875 58,760 83,783 64,942 171,392 DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. 5,325 413 466 32 30 7,232 568 667 39 27 6,562 634 507 29 59 7,233 680 554 72 76 9,562 951 .580 96 40 7,549 623 554 75 10,214 483 140 Total 6,266 8,533 7,791 8,615 11,229 8,801 10, 837 DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. 5,679 137 989 13 46 5,995 155 1,377 15 65 7,828 215 1,198 26 28 11,149 288 1,528 36 92 18,502 444 1,583 26 82 15,077 578 916 31, 134 748 Colored owners 1,007 Other 178 762 Total 6,764 7,607 9,295 13, 093 20, 637 16, 749 33, 651 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. 3,193 270 1,807 199 117 4,434 332 3,069 332 197 4,363 339 1,611 207 120 4,995 466 1,265 121 82 4,822 594 804 160 160 2,643 280 180 8,818 3,166 120 Other 100 Total 5,586 8,364 6,640 6,929 6,540 3,103 12,204 356 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Table XL. — Tenure of farms, by size and by race of occupant, etc. — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA. Number of farms. 0to4 cuerdas. 5to9 cuerdas. 10 to 19 cuerdas. 20 to 49 cuerdas. 50 to 99 cuerdas. 100 cuerdas and over. 2,307 405 1,096 117 50 2,521 421 1,536 173 66 3,469 489 1,469 196 62 4,904 913 1,242 99 29 6,710 1,734 1,645 179 284 5,359 1,272 1,023 144 123 9,365 3,101 130 1,017 Total 3,975 4,717 5,685 7,187 10,552 7,921 13,613 DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO. 1,701 143 1,302 86 41 2,674 215 2,068 157 47 1,609 104 1,049 69 80 1,276 168 716 42 25 1,350 66 343 65 123 1,436 574 142 13, 744 3,217 60 Total 3,273 6,061 2,911 2,227 1,947 2,212 16,961 DEPARTMENT OF MAYA6UEZ. 4,541 283 1,238 65 91 6,558 299 1,859 103 128 5,295 439 1,273 83 80 6,668 436 960 78 132 11,660 879 1,145 10, 472 658 681 50 214 28,061 Other 223 Total 6,218 7,947 7,170 8,274 13,907 12, 075 29,629 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. 4,971 190 1,657 57 64 5,337 176 2,355 101 76 6,940 291 2, 019 72 61 9,874 326 2,081 59 96 15,883 698 2,014 99 277 12,005 1,025 811 60 190 3,141 720 Other 984 Total 6,939 8,045 9,383 12,435 18, 971 14, 081 54,497 Table XLI. — Areas cultivated in the principal crops, in cuerdas. PORTO RICO. Tobac- co. Sugar cane. Rice. Sweet pota- toes. Malan- gas. Yams. Bana- nas. Cocoa- nuts. Coffee. Indian corn. White owners White renters Colored owners Colored renters 4,361 1,005 451 56 90 53, 758 14,824 939 341 2,284 6,466 541 1,442 109 109 26,574 2,509 7,004 650 372 9,057 682 2,271 136 110 1,528 126 395 28 21 57,837 2,482 7,840 404 817 4,219 387 620 80 141 173, 505 5,797 14,525 679 2,525 13, 914 1,274 2,598 161 146 Total 5,963 72, 146 8,667 37, 109 12,266 2,098 69,380 5,447 197,031 18,093 DEPARTMENT OF AGDADILLA. White owners White ren ters Colored owners 333 12 1 2,751 347 285 10 61 501 49 26 2 6,811 674 383 48 45 945 199 70 27 1 303 50 29 8 2 6,409 492 399 42 39 952 30 66 5 1 21,560 953 1,499 76 129 1,825 207 132 30 Other 5 Total 351 3,454 ■ 578 6,961 1,242 392 7,381 | 1,054 24,217 2,210 STATISTICS OP AGRICULTURE. 357 Table XLI. — Areas cultivated in the principal crops, in merdas — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. To- bacco. Sugar cane. Rice. Sweet pota- toes. Malan- gas. Yams. Bana- nas. Cocoa- nuts. Coffee. Indian corn. White owners White renters Colored owners Colored renters 809 37 35 1 2 3,668 1,064 114 16 762 565 7 53 7,242 223 1,039 29 56 1,784 23 236 1 8 517 6 73 4 19,706 299 1,799 16 99 534 i 33 1 46, 260 547 3,303 25 222 2,780 94 275 8 Total 884 5,624 625 8,589 2,052 600 21, 919 572 50, 357 3,179 DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON. White owners White renters Colored owners Colored renters 103 12 18 1 1 7,647 3,477 256 151 82 1,296 92 448 37 30 4,234 428 2,040 272 110 671 35 260 13 24 145 39 119 6 10 3,090 296 755 75 100 1,156 47 427 71 100 7,164 360 1,074 45 110 998 88 302 35 Total 135 11,613 1,903 7,084 1,003 319 4,316 1,801 8,753 1,448 DEPARTMENT OF GDAYAMA. White owners Colored owners Colored renters Other 1,480 441 187 39 58 4,565 3,066 46 1 632 853 150 244 32 20 3,654 763 1,403 155 53 1,704 249 612 34 27 48 10 24 11 2 2,952 403 1,090 123 34 62 61 20 1 12, 212 1,905 2,126 250 422 848 131 281 37 27 Total 2,205 8,310 1,299 6,028 2,626 95 4,602 144 16, 915 1,324 DEPARTMENT OP HDMACAO. White owners White renters Colored owners Colored renters Other 253 362 21 3 2 13, 276 3,274 49 46 96 417 77 130 20 27 1,721 193 1,140 88 38 1,124 41 621 37 34 59 2 41 1 1 1,010 74 786 21 37 260 163 9 21 2,102 18 609 13 38 258 20 167 15 5 Total 641 16, 74- 671 3,180 1,857 104 1,928 453 2, 780 465 DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. White owners White renters Colored owners Colored renters Other 346 50 93 2 11 7,467 722 180 117 651 1,345 91 211 14 23 1,515 158 466 26 37 347 17 62 2 7 246 18 79 2 2 8,146 289 901 37 122 1,128 69 61 1 17 38,213 793 2, 658 151 601 4,063 441 569 7 12 Total 502 9,137 1,684 2,202 435 347 9,495 1,276 42,416 5,082 DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Colored owners . .'. . Colored renters Other 1,037 91 96 10 11 14,384 2,874 9 1,489 75 330 6 7 2,397 70 533 32 33 2, 482 118 410 22 9 210 1 30 16,524 629 2,110 90 386 127 13 4 2 1 45, 994 1,221 3,256 119 1,003 3,152 293 872 29 39 Total 1,245 17,267 1,907 3,065 3,041 241 19,739 147 51,593 4,385 358 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, 1899. J X 00 OC (O CM OS i(5 i-h >ra 10 co OOr-iiffl 00 C— ■*MOOO 00 CM lONH oor- co i— r— oo ui CM CMOOtOiOiTS cm -r -.o x r- Tf T. X « X O CI tT CM cm tO 00 CO CO iH I»iOCOOO> to cs -r iO \0 O TO JO tO i-i -r TO I- I s U-. 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OS r-t CM COt- © l-H i-iO of o X © of 6,182 261 1,254 42 48 r-m X© r-co oof CM m ©" I 0, c c a 53 -y c E I < X 3 7 a c a r- i a c 1 • ! 1 ; 3 : i JO s c C C c C E- l «- ■- r c c 2 1 c E- APPENDICES. APPENDIX ]. WAR DEPARTMENT ORDER ORGANIZING THE CENSUS. War Department, Washington, D. C, September 8, 1899. I. By direction of the President, a census of the population, of the agricultural products, and of the educational conditions of Porto Rico shall be taken on the 10th day of November, and completed by or before the 20th day of December, 1899. II. Lieut. Col. J. P. Sanger, Inspector-General, is appointed Director of the Census, with office in Washington. It is made his duty to superintend and direct the taking of the census, and to perform such other duties as may- be required of him. III. Mr. Harrison Dingman is appointed Assistant Director of the Census, with office in the city of San Juan, Porto Rico, and is charged, under the direction of the Director of the Census, with the collection of the information required by this order and such instructions as may be issued. He will fill all vacancies which may occur among the supervisors of the census and will appoint all enumerators and such special agents as may be necessary, reporting his action to the Director of the Census. IV. For the purpose of this census the island of Porto Rico is divided into seven census departments, and the following-named citizens of Porto Rico, nominated by the Military Governor, are hereby appointed supervisors of census: 1. Ricardo Hernandez, census department Bayamon. 2. Felix Seijo, census department Arecibo. 3. Luis A. Torregrosa, census department Aguadilla. 4. Manuel Badrena, census department Mayaguez. 5. Enrique Colom, census department Ponce. 6. Luis Munoz Morales, census department Guayama. 7. Guillermo Riekohl, census department Humacao. (The islands of Vieques and Culebra are a part of the census department of Humacao; the island of Mona, a part of the census department of Mayaguez. ) Each supervisor shall be duly commissioned by the Secretary of War, and shall be sworn to the faithful performance of duties by the Director or Assistant Director of the Census, or by any civil or military officer authorized to administer oaths in the form and manner prescribed by the Secretary of War. V. Each supervisor of census shall be charged with the performance, within his department, of the following duties: To consult with the Assistant Director of the Census in regard to the division of his department into enumeration districts most convenient for the purpose of enumeration, which districts shall be declared and the boundaries thereof fixed by the Assistant Director of the Census; to nomi- nate to him suitable persons as enumerators within his department, one for each enumeration district and resident therein; but in case it shall occur in any enumera- tion district that no person qualified to perform and willing to undertake the duties 361 362 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. of enumerator resides in that department, the supervisor may appoint any fit person to be the enumerator of that district; to communicate to enumerators the necessary instructions and directions relating to their duties, to examine and scrutinize the returns of the enumerators, and in event of discrepancies or deficiencies appearing in the returns for his department, to use all diligence in causing the same to be cor- rected and supplied; to forward to the Assistant Director of the Census the complete returns for his census department in such time and manner as shall be prescribed by said officer. He will also make up and forward to the disbursing officer of the army designated to make payments in his department, not later than the 25th of each month, the accounts required for ascertaining the amount of compensation due him- self, each enumerator in his department, his clerk and messenger, his office rent, and current expenses, which accounts shall be duly certified as true and correct by the supervisor, and said accounts so certified shall be accepted by the disbursing officer so designated, and payment thereon shall be made by draft in favor of each person to whom payment is due. The accounts of enumerators will be sworn to by them and certified as true and correct by the supervisors. The duties imposed upon the supervisors by this order shall be performed, in any and all particulars, in accordance with the instructions and directions of the Secretary of War, and any supervisor who may abandon, neglect, or improperly perform the duties required of him by this order and the instructions he may receive, may be removed by the Assistant Director of the Census, who will report his action to the Director of the Census. VI. Each enumerator shall be duly commissioned by the Secretary of War, and shall be sworn to the faithful performance of his duty by the supervisor of census, or by any civil or military officer authorized to administer oaths, and in the form and manner prescribed by the Secretary of War. VII. Each enumerator shall be charged with the collection, in his district, of the facts and statistics required by the population schedule, and such other schedules as the Secretary of War may determine shall be used by him in connection with the census. It shall be the duty of each enumerator to visit personally each dwelling house in his district, and each family therein, and each individual living out of a family in any place of abode, and by inquiry made of the head of each family, or of the member thereof deemed most credible and worthy of trust, or of such individual living out of a family, to obtain each and every item of information and all the par- ticulars required by the order prescribed as of the date November 10, 1899. And in case no person shall be found at the usual place of abode of such family, or individual living out of a family, competent to answer the inquiries made in compliance with the requirements of this order, then it shall be lawful for the enumerator to obtain the required information, as near as may be practicable, from the family or families, or person or persons, living nearest to such place of abode; and it shall be the duty of each enumerator to forward the original schedules, duly certified, to the supervisor of census of his census department as his returns under the provisions of this order, and in the event of discrepancies or deficiencies being discovered in his said returns he shall use all diligence in correcting or supplying the same. In case the district assigned any enumerator embraces all or any part of any incorporated township, vil- lage, town, or city, and also other territory not included within the limits of such incorporated township, village, town, or city, or either, it shall be the duty of the enumerator of such district to clearly and plainly distinguish and separate, upon the population schedules, the inhabitants of all or any part of such township, village, town, or city, as may be embraced in the district assigned to such enumerator, from the inhabitants of the territorry not included therein. No enumerator shall be deemed qualified to enter upon his duties until he has received from the supervisor of census of the census department to which he belongs the commission authorizing him to perform the duties of enumerator. APPENDICES. 363 VIII. The district assigned to any enumerator shall not exceed 1,500 inhabitants for urban and 1,000 inhabitants for suburban or rural districts, as near as may be, according to estimates based on the preceding census or other reliable information, and the boundaries of all enumeration districts shall be clearly described by civil divisions, rivers, roads, public surveys, or other easily distinguished lines: Provided, That enumerators may be assigned for the special enumeration of institutions, when desirable, without reference to the number of inmates. IX. Any supervisor of the census may, with the approval of the Assistant Director of the Census, remove any enumerator in his department and fill the vacancy thus caused or otherwise occurring. Whenever it shall appear that any portion of the enumeration and census provided for in this order has been negligently or improperly taken, and is by reason thereof incomplete or erroneous, the Assistant Director of the Census may cause such incomplete and unsatisfactory enumeration and census to be amended or made anew under such methods as may in his discretion be practicable. X. The Assistant Director of the Census may authorize and direct supervisors of the census to employ interpreters to assist the enumerators of their respective dis- tricts in the enumeration of persons not speaking the language of the country, the compensation of such interpreters not to exceed three dollars per day for each day actually and necessarily employed. XI. No supervisor's clerk, interpreter, special agent, or other official shall enter upon his duties until he has taken and subscribed to the oath or affirmation pre- scribed by the Secretary of War; and no supervisor, supervisor's clerk, enumerator, or special agent shall be accompanied by or assisted in the performance of his duties by any person not duly appointed as an officer or employee of the Porto Rican census, and to whom an oath or affirmation has not been duly administered. All appointees and employees provided for in this order shall be appointed or employed solely with reference to their fitness to perform the duties of the position to which they may be appointed. XII. The enumeration of the population required by this order shall commence on the 10th day of November, 1899, and be taken as of that date. And it shall be the duty of each enumerator to complete the enumeration of his district and to prepare the returns hereinbefore required to be made, and to forward the same to the super- visor of the census of his department on or before the 20th day of December, 1899. XIII. If any person shall receive or secure to himself any fee, reward, or compen- sation as a onsideration for the appointment or employment of any person as enu- merator or clerk or other employee, or shall in any way receive or secure to himself any part of the compensation to be paid for the services of any enumerator or clerk or other employee, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined not more than $1,000, or be imprisoned not more than one year, or both. XIV. If any supervisor, supervisor's clerk, enumerator, interpreter, special agent, or other employee, who, having taken and subscribed the oath of office required by this order, shall, without justifiable cause, neglect or refuse to perform the duties enjoined on him by this order, or shall, without the authority of the Director of the Census, communicate to any person not authorized to receive the same any infor- mation gained by him in the performance of his duties, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not exceeding $500; or if he shall willfully and knowingly swear or affirm falsely, he shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and upon conviction thereof shall be imprisoned not exceeding two years, and shall be fined not exceeding $500; or if he shall willfully and knowingly make a false cer- tificate or a fictitious return, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic- tion of either of the last-named offenses he shall be fined not exceeding $2,000 and be imprisoned not exceeding two years. 364 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. XV. Each and every person more than 20 years of age belonging to any family residing in any enumeration district, and in case of the absence of the heads and other members of any such family, then any representative of such family, shall be, and each of them hereby is, required, if thereto requested by the Assistant Director, supervisor, or enumerator, to render a true account, to the best of his or her knowledge, of every person belonging to such family in the various particulars required, and whoever shall willfully fail or refuse to render such true account shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not exceeding $100. And every president, treasurer, secretary, director, agent, or other officer of every corporation, and every establishment of productive industry, whether conducted as a corporate body, limited liability company, or by private individuals, from which answers to any of the schedules, inquiries, or statistical interrogatories provided for by this order are herein required, who shall if thereto requested by the Assistant Director, supervisor, enumerator, or special agent, willfully neglect or refuse to give true and complete answers to any inquiries authorized by this order, or shall willfully give false information, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic- tion thereof shall be fined not exceeding $3,000, to which may be added imprison- ment for a period not exceeding one year. XVI. All fines and penalties imposed in this order shall be enforced by due legal process in the supreme court, and the courts of the judicial districts of the island, according to the nature and degree of the offense, and they are hereby granted juris- diction for this purpose. XVII. The Director of the Census may authorize the expenditure of necessary sums for the traveling expenses of the officers and employees of the census and the incidental expenses essential to the carrying out of this order as herein provided for, and not otherwise, including the rental of offices for the Assistant Director and super- visors of the census, and the furnishing thereof. XVIII. All mail matter of whatever class, relative to the Porto Rican census and addressed to the Director, Assistant Director, or any supervisor or enumerator of the census, and indorsed "Official Business, War Department, Porto Rican Census," shall be transported free of postage; and all telegrams relative to the Porto Rican census sent or received by the officials aforesaid, shall be free of charge; and if any person shall make use of the postal and telegraph franking privileges herein granted, to avoid the payment of postage or telegraph charges on a private message, letter, package, or other matter sent by mail or telegraph, the person so offending shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a fine of $300. XIX. The Director of the Census is hereby authorized to print and bind such blanks, circulars, envelopes, and other items as may be necessary, and to tabulate, print, publish, and distribute the results of this census. XX. The expenses of taking the Porto Rican census, including the pay and allow- ance of civil officials and employees, shall be paid from the revenues of Porto Rico, and the Military Governor of Porto Rico will nominate one of the disbursing officers of the army in each census department to act as paymaster, who shall be provided with the necessary funds and who shall make disbursements in behalf of the Porto Rican census, according to such instructions and under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War. The names, rank, and stations of the officers so nominated will be communicated to the Adjutant-General of the Army by the Mili- tary Governor of Porto Rico, and will be announced in War Department orders. XXI. The Military Governor of Porto Rico, and all civil and military officers in the island, will render such assistance to the Director, Assistant Director, supervisors, and enumerators of the Porto Rican census, as may be necessary to enable them to carry into effect the provisions of this order. Elihu Root, Secretary of War. APPENDICES. 365 APPENDIX II. WAR DEPARTMENT ORDER ORGANIZING THE CENSUS. War Department, Washington, September 22, 1899. I. The following-named officers nominated by the Military Governor of Porto Rico are appointed disbursing officers of the Porto Rican census, and will be respected accordingly: Maj. Charles L. Davis, Eleventh Infantry, census department of Bayamon. Capt. A. C. Macomb, Fifth Cavalry, census department of Arecibo. Lieut. S. G. Chiles, Eleventh Infantry, census department of Aguadilla. Capt. P. M. Travis, Eleventh Infantry, census department of Mayaguez. Maj. F. W. Mansfield, Eleventh Infantry, census department of Ponce. Capt. F. W. Foster, Fifth Cavalry, census department of Guayama. Capt. Eben Swift, Fifth Cavalry, census department of Humacao. II. Disbursing officers will pay the compensation of the Assistant Director, super- visors, enumerators, clerks, and other employees of the census, the rent of the offices of the Assistant Director and supervisors, the purchase or rental of office furni- ture, transportation and telegraph vouchers, the expenses of travel of officers and employees, as established by the Secretary of War, and such incidental expenses as may be authorized by the Director of the Census under paragraphs XVII and XIX of the order of the President for taking the census of Porto Rico. III. In making expenditures and keeping their accounts, disbursing officers will be governed by the rules and instructions applicable to the revenues of Porto Rico established by the President: Provided, That the accounts of expenditures in behalf of the census of Porto Rico shall be kept separately from all other accounts and fur- nished in this form to the War Department. IV. Disbursing officers will be stationed in the principal cities of their respective census departments and will communicate, without delay, with the supervisors of census, and will give them such information as to preparing their vouchers and keep- ing their accounts as may be necessary to the prompt settlement of all indebtedness. Elihu Root, Secretary of War. APPENDIX III. ENUMERATION DISTRICTS AND ENUMERATORS. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA. Enumeration districts. Enumerators. No. Designation. 1 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AGUADILLA. •?. 3 4 5 6 Juan Eoque. 7 8 9 10 11 Malesas baja 12 Alfredo Platet 13 Domingo Molinary. 14 \h l<0 Palmar Arturo Schulze. 366 REPORT ON" THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILL A— Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AGUADA. Rosario California Guanaguilla .. . Atalaya Jaguey Cerro Gordo Carrizal Espinal Cruces Guayabo Rio Grande Lagunas Marias Naranjo Piedras Blancas Asomante Mal-paso Guanabanas — Mamey MUNICIPAL DISTRFCT ISABELA. Pueblo Guayabos Mora Coto Galateo bajo Galateo alto Llanadas(A) Llanadas(B) Planas Bajura Jobos (A) Jobos(B) Bejucos Guerrero Arenales bajos Arenales altos (A) . Arenales altos (B) . MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MOCA. Pueblo Cruz Voladoras Capa Rocha , Cuchilla Aceituna Centro ....... Maria Naranjo Cerro Gordo . Plata MUNICIPAL DISTRICT RINCON. Poblacion... Pueblo Calvache Barrero Atalaya Jaguey Cruz Rio Grande . Puntas Ensenada . . . MUNICIPAL DISTRICT SAN SEBASTIAN. Urrejola Norzagaray Piedras Blancas Cidral '.,.." Hato arriba * Pozas Culebrinas . PerchasNo.l ...;.. npmitHn p roh QC ij n o uemetrio Senorita Ynez Sola. Do. Do. Luis Mendez Cordona. Do. Celestino Moret. Francisco de Cordona. Do. Luis Natalio Maisonare. Do. Do. Ramon Arrogo. Benito Sola. Federico Torres. Antonio Rivas. Do. Juan Gonzalez. Do. Ramon Veray. Sefiorita Candida del Valle. Manuel Perez. Pedro Ruiz. Celedonia Garcia. Pedro Celestino Verez. Jose Vargas. Lino Garcia. Ricardo de la Cruz. Pio Camacho. Antonio Pina. Fernando Domenech. Santiago Domenech. Nicandro Garcia Rosario. Eloy Utrina. Senorita Ana Elisa del Valle. Evaristo la Bastida. Senorita Milagros la Bastida. Senorita Josefa Cedron. Adolfo Babilonia. Juan Carrasco. Tadeo Chamaco. Francisco Suarez. Donato Gonzalez. Eduardo Mendez. Pedro Pagan. Ricardo Cedron. Julio Veray Garcia. Gonzalo Gonzalez. Juan Pedro Varela. Senorita Juana Benegas. Do. Ramon Arrogo. Jose F. Echeandia. Do. Nicolas Rivas. Ricardo Cumpiano. Jose Montilla. Antonio Velez. Felix Colon. Senorita Ana Mendez. Do. Joaquin Colon. Do. Segundo Esteres. Joaquin Moreno. Do. Perchas No. 2 Magos ........... I t Do. Hernandez. .'ermino Liciago. APPENDICES. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF AGUADILLA— Continued. 367 Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. hunicipal district san Sebastian— continued. Enea Juncal Altosano — Sonador Guacio Mirabeles — Calabazas — Hoyamala... Aibonito Guajataca — Cibao Eobles Sal to Guatemala... Bahomamey . Termino Liciago. Francisco Antonio Cebellero Termino B. Lopez. Do. Emiliano Rosa. Andres Beauchamp. Ramon Vina. Ulpiano Mendez. Manuel Ramirez. Modesto Cariel. Do. Jose Ramirez Arelano. Do. Adolfo Polidura. Do. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT LARES. Poblacion ( A ) Poblacion (B ) Pueblo (A) Pueblo (B j Espino (A) Espino (B) Callejones ( A ) Callejones (B) Piletas (A) Piletas (B) Lares (A) Lares (B) Latorre (A) ' Jose Edurigis Gonzalez. Latorre (B) '■ Rodolfo Rodriguez. Buenos-Aires ( A ) I Vicento Indico. Buenos-Aires (B) i Dionisio Reyes. Mirasol i Antonio Fout. Bartolo (A) - ! Manuel Bernal. Sefiorita Carmen Levis. Jose Saldana. Francisco Marcano. Sixto Toro. Jorge Ferrer. Francisco Ramirez. Daniel Rodriguez. Clemerito MiTlan. Gerardo Mendez Serrano. Edelmiro Mendez Serrano. Gabriel Ornes. Juan Ornes. Bartolo (Bj Pezuela Rio Prieto (A) . Rio Prieto (B) . Rafael Jiran. Manuel Eschavaria. Sixto Saldana. Vicente Vina, 2d. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT UTUADO. Arenas do Angeles do Caonillas Abajo. . do Caonillas Arriba . Caguana do Caniaco Utuado (city) do Consejo Don Alonso do Guaonico Jayuya abajo do do Jayuya arriba ... do do do do Limon Mameyes Abajo.. do Mameyes Arriba . ...do Las Palmas Paso Palma Juan Lazus. Angel Padro. Jose Julia. Ysidro A. Marin. Saturnino Matos. Brenturo Mattel. Manuel Ruiz Alvarez. Genaro Porrata. Jose Martin Gonzalez. Tomas Jordan Miranda. Francisco de B. Martinez. Luis Jordan Cowea. Julio Seijo Rivera. T. Ramon Muniz. Jose Santana Cintron. Nicolas de Jesus. Ulises Seijo. Nicolas Cordova. Rafael Lopez. Ricardo Serbia. Adolfo Padron. Frutos Porrata. Baldomero Miranda. Jose Lopez. Manuel Niruet. Genaro Gimenez. Antonio Tulla. Francisco de Jesus. Jose de Jesus. Jose Matos. Ricardo Jordan. 368 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO— Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. municipal district utu ado— continued. Rio Abajo Roncador Salto abajo Salto arriba Sabana Grande . Santa Isabel Santa Rosa Tetuan do Vivi abajo Vivi arriba do Special agent . . MUNICIPAL DISTRICT ARECIBO. Arenalejos Arrozal ....do Cambalache . . . Dominguito Domingo Ruiz . Factor Garrochales — Hato abajo do Hato arriba ....do Hato viejo do do Islote do Carrera Esperanza do ....do Mirailores do Arecibo (city) . . do ....do ....do ....do Rio arriba ....do Sabana Hoyos. . ....do do Santana do Tanama Special agent . . MUNICIPAL DISTRICT QUEBRADILLAS. Cacaos Cocos Charcas Guajataca Quebradillas San Antonio do San Jose . Terranova . Abra honda Camuy arriba Cienega Cibao Membrillo ... Camuy Puente Puertos Piedra Gorda Quebrada — Santiago Enumerators. Octavio JoTdan Miranda. Jose D. Espada. Manuel Jordon. Manuel Palop. Luis Baldoni. Antonio Guzman Rodriguez. Pablo Blanes Caban. Luis Pio Toro. Francisco Arabia. Federico M. Maestre. Galo Martinez. Jose Casalduc Roig. Juan Palop. Aureo Silva. Epifanio Perez. Bernardo Gimenez. Manuel Gonzalez. Manuel Vinas. Carlos Perez. Agustin Costa. Justino Tegidot. Manuel Collazo. Gerardo Mendez. Melguiades Ginorio, 2d. Luis Ginorio. Manuel Martinez. Juan Rivera. Clodomiro Cabanas. Juan Marin Ginorio. Jose Gonzalez. Ramon Castro. Vicente Aguirre. Antonio Cabanas. Ulises Ginorio. Waldemar Bit- hone. Jose S. Rossello. GonzaloGandia. Marcelino Andino. Miguel A. Balseiro. Epifanio Miranda. Senorita Lina Silva. Joaquin Sanchez. Jose Munoz Belaval. Modesto Varona. Jose Florido. Fidel Gonzalez. Julio Seijo Tavarez. Alberto Ball. Armindo Cadilla. D. Santiago Seijo. Manuel Esplnosa. Mariano Cruz. Arturo Deliz. Osvaldo Perez. Guillermo Abraans. Jorge Marena. Rafael Lopez Marichal. Santiago Llovera. Alejandro Abraans. Pastor del Valle. Jose Pamis. Guillermo Yglesias. Jesus Marrero. Eusebio Vales. Manuel Aguirre. Francisco Bettram. Gregorio Rivera. Vicente Nieves. Santiago Rivera. Osvaldo Leon. APPENDICES. 369 Enumeration district* and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO— Continued. Enumeration districts. No. Designation. Enumerators. ion municipal district CAMUY— continued. 101 Juan B. Echeandia. 1(T> MUNICIPAL DISTRICT HATILLO. ins do 101 ins 10fi Eugenio Rubio. 107 ins Francisco Arteaga. ins lin m ns us Francisco Migolla. 114 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT BARCELONETA. US do 116 do Ventura Rodriguez. Juan Marchan. 117 ns do 119 do 120 do 121 1?? ra m MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MANATI. m m m do 1W m 130 ....do 131 13? do 133 134 do 13S Leopoldo Santana. 186 do 137 Special agent Jose Montanez. 138 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MOROVIS. 139 140 141 Miguel Miranda. 142 Mariano Alfaro, 1st. 143 Jose E. Marrero. 144 Serafln Cordero. 145 146 147 148 149 Herminio Miranda. ISO 151 152 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT CIALES. Cialitos Francisco Mattey Rodriguez. 153 do Felipe Lopez Amber. Elviro Rodriguez. 154 do Ibb Cordillera Francisco Coweger. Jose Dolores Padro. 186 Fronton 157 do 158 do Segundo Roman. SaTustiano Villamil. 159 Jagua 160 do Miguel de Jesus. 8490—00 24 870 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF ARECIBO— Continued. Enumeration districts. Enumerators. No. Designation. Ifil municipal district ci ales — continued. Monserrate Padro. lfiS Carlos Dominguez. do do 1fi7 IfiS do 170 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT UTUADO. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMOX. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT SAN JUAN. Ballaja Mercado do Catedral do Caleta do do San Cristobal do do Teatro do San Francisco Marina ....do Puerta do Tierra . ....do ....do ....do ....do Santurce ....do ....do ....do do. do. Especial . ....do.... MUNICIPAL DISTRICT BAYAMOX. Pueblo ....do ....do Catano ....do Juan Sanchez HatoTeju Pajaros Minillas ....do Cerro Gordo Buena Vista Santa Olaya Dajaos Nuevo Pueblo Viejo Guaynabo Santa Rosa Camarones Guaraguaosabajo Guaraguaos arriba Guaraguaos de Gnaynabo. Sonadora Palmas Jose Atiles. Carlos Areizaga. Jose Calderon Aponte. Manuel Torres Borges. Heraclio Cordero. Rafael Cabrera. Juan Echevarria. Jesus Jiminez. Francisco Garavis. Jose A Idea. Enrique Power. Nicolas G. Quevedo. Jose Soto Rodriguez. Angel Santaella. Ramon Vara. Luis Jorge Rivera. Carlos Gordils. Pedro Capo. Leandro Delgado. Pedro Gomez. Juan Roura. Antonio Gonzalez. Sebastian Moll. Mariano Pesquera. Celso G. Villar. Antonio Cordero. Arturo Vizcarrondo. Simon Bolhm. Jose A. Cabrera. Jose de J. Pesquera. Jose Nater Landron. Manuel Colon Dueno. Juan Valencia Gomez. Justo Morales. Pedro de Angelis. Rieardo Santaella. Jose E. Marquez. Eusebio Vizcarrondo. Francisco Barbosa. Enrique Costoso. Jose Cantellop. Luis Monclova Cestero. Hipolito Gimenez. Luis Schroder. Anastasio Castro. Luis Venegas. Antonio Rivera y Rivera. Rafael Minosa. Antonio Rodriguez. Manuel Loubnel. Joaqnin Alum. Felipe Flores Negron. Luis Bozzo. APPENDICES. 371 Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT TOA ALTA. Pueblo Mucarabonaz Pinas Ortiz Quebrada Cruz Abajo Quebrada Cruz B Rio Lajas Galatea Quebrada Arenas Contorno MUNICIPAL DISTRICT TOA BAJA. Pueblo Candelaria Arriba Candelaria Baja Media Luna Sabana Seca MUNICIPAL DISTRICT DORADO. Pueblo Alto Pueblo Bajo Mameyal Higuillar Magpiayo Espmosa Rio Lajas MUNICIPAL DISTRICT VEGA ALTA Pueblo Bajura Candelaria Novillo Maricao Espinosa Sabana MUNICIPAL DISTRICT VEGA BAJA Pueblo Alto Pueblo Bajo Algarrobo Puerto Nuevo Yeguada Pugnado Af uera Pugnado Adentro Quebrada Arenas Cabo Caribe Cibuco Rio arriba and Rio abajo Ceiba Almirante Norte Alrairante Sur MUNICIPAL DISTRICT COROZAL. Pueblo Cubrico Dos Bocas Padilla Cuchillas Negros Magueyes Palmarito Maria Palos Blancos Palmarejo Abras MUNICIPAL DISTRICT NARANJITO. Pueblo Nuevo Guadiana Achiote Loinaz Cedro abajo Cedro arriba Anones , , Enumerators. Enrique Yzquierdo. Jose M. Perez. Rafael Diaz. Alvaro Diaz. Evaristo Catranes. Cesar Romero. Cornelio Cintron. Jesus Rivera. Carmelo Perez. Jesus Hernandez. Juan Bautista Romero. Mariano Vargas. Francisco Hernandez. Jesus Rodriguez. Francisco Cordova. Fernando del Valle. Arturo Tulier Ramos. Severe Tulier. Juan de Jesus Arrogo. Saturnino I. Vargas. Juan Valderama. Emelino Rodriguez. Justo Nieves. Jose Labrador. Manuel Cordova. Abelardo Malpica. Juan Rivera. Juan Ponsa. Severo Davila Gonzalez. Jose C. Martinez. Jose Davila Martinez. Santiago Perez. Jose Robles Pastor. Rodriguez Vicento. Joaquin Perez. Herminio Davila Perez. Fernando Saldana. Ramon Carreras Perez. Armando Landron Lopez. Enrique Marchessi. Alfredo Batalla. Maria Enrique Vara. Adolfo Marchess!. James N. Chapman. Ramon Fuentes Rivera. Francisco R. Garcias. Jose Soto. Jose P. Soto. Ramon Ybanez. Jose Prado. Candido Prad Jose Bon. Julio Rodriguez. Ramon Furnier. Sabrado Lopez. Modesta Archilla. Agustin Langier. Alfredo Archilla. Jose Ygaravidez Gutierrez. Ramon Castro. Francisco Barreras. Jose Barreras. Maximino Rivera, 372 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF BAYAMON— Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT RIO PIEDRAS. Pueblo (A) Pueblo (B) Hato Rey Sabana Liana Monacillo Cupey ( A ) Cupey (B) Caimito alto Caimito bajo Frailes Rio Tortugo Mamey Hato Nuevo Quebrada Arenas MUNICIPAL DISTRICT RIO GRANDE. Pueblo Zabana Mata de Platano Herrera Zarzal Jimenez Alto Jimenez Bajo Jimenez Centro , Guzman arriba Guzman abajo Cienega Mameyes (A) , Mameyes (B) MUNICIPAL DISTRICT CAROLINA. Pueblo (A) Pueblo (B) Hoyo-Mulas Martin Gonzalez Sabana abaja San Antonio . . ^ Cangrejos Trujillobajo Borrasa al to Borrasa bajo Santa Cruz Cacao Cedros Carruzos Canovanillas MUNICIPAL DISTRICT LOIZA. Pueblo Mediania Bajai Mediania Alta Torrecillas (A) Torrecillas (B) Canovanas (A.) Canovanas (B) Hato-Puerco (A) Hato-Puerco ( B) Hato-Puerco (C) Lomas Cubeu " \\ MUNICIPAL DISTRICT TRUJILL0 ALTO Pueblo Cuevas Carraiza [ Quebrada Grande '.'.'.'.'. Quebrada Inflerno Hato Viejo Mario Bran. Felix Padial. Antonio Godinez. Francisco Nogueras. Joaquin Solis. Jose B. Quiara. Jose Chamonier. Juan Nogueras. Rafael Rivera Rodriguez. Artena Molina. Jose E. Amy. Rafael Mufioz. Antonio Garcia. Jose Navarro. Enrique Contreras. Ramiro Matute. Carlos Roure. Angel Quifiones. Damiano Rodriguez. Antonio Mellado. Francisco Baston. Teofilo Quifiones. Juan Ros, 2d. Jose del Rivera. Pedro Sepulredo. Timoteo S. Bermudez. Fernando Noceda de la Garcia. Juan Garcia y Alvalo. Adolfo Mercado. Ysidoro Esturio. Justino Carrion. Ygnacio Martin. Francisco Dobal. Julio Rengel. Luis Blanco Abella. Miguel Quinonez. Francisco O'Neill Giminez. Manuel Gardon. Manuel Callejo Fernandez. Eduardo Monclora. Jose Galinanes. Ramon Rodriguez. Evaristo Velez. Rafael Melendez Rodriguez. Rafael Comoriero Rodriguez. Jorge Adzuar. Antero Adzuar. Jose Arrufat. Alvaro Padial. Antonio Garavis. Antonio Comineco Rodriguez. Agustin Sanchez. Jose Aybar. Francisco Bonet Arecil. Ramon Guillew. Andres Reyes Barcarcel. Juan Sosa Sanchez. Garraro Diaz y Diaz. Gaspar Diaz Gonzalez. Carlos Diaz y Diaz. Angel Rosa. ENUMERATORS OF HUMACAO. APPENDICES. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GDAYAMA. 373 Enumeration districts. No. Designation. Enumerators. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT GUAYAMA. Luis Vernez. Eduardo Feannot Vasquez. Enrique Vidal Blondet. Luis Alvarez Rodriguez. Julio Cebollero Morales. Eugenio Buitrago. Ramon Figueroa. 9 ..do 11 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT SALINAS. 14 Enrique Colon. Cefenno Queno. Miguel Barrionuevo. Do H IB 17 18 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT ARROYO. 11 do •>n Miguel A. Rivera. Do. Do. ?l Miguel Deehoudens. Jaime Santiago. Arturo Aponte Delgado. ?? ?a MUNICIPAL DISTRICT CAYEY. 94 do ?S do 26 Rincon Pablo Giol Rivera. Do. V 98 Do. Do. ?fl Do. 30 Do. SI Do. m Do. 33 Toita Do. 34 Nicanor Collaro Novos. Do. Do. 35 Juan Gelpi Vidal. Do. 3fi MUNICIPAL DISTRICT CIDRA. Pueblo Jesus Munoz Castillo. 37 Ramon Ramirez. Do. 38 Ceiba Ramon Manzano. Do. 39 Escolastico Ferrer Vasquez. Salto Do. 40 Sergio Santiago. Toita Do. 41 Sur Ceferino Vasquez. Rincon Do. 42 GuiUermo Haddok. Do. 43 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AGUAS EUENAS. Pueblo Bartolo Esteras. 44 Caguitas Lisardo Lizardi. 46 Sumidero ... Ricardo Latorre Fremaint. 374 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF GUAYAMA— Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AGUAS BUENAS— continued. Juan Asencio . Bairoa Jagueyes Sonadora Mulas Mulita Bayamoncito . MUNICIPAL DISTRICT CAGUAS. Pueblo ....do ....do ....do San Salvador Beatriz Cafiabon Cafiaboncito Tomas de Castro . San Antonio Rio Caflas Borinquen Bairoa . Turabo. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT COMERIO. Pueblo Pinas Vega Palomas Dona Elena . Naranjo Cedrito Cejas Rio Hondo . . MUNICIPAL DISTRICT GURAEO. Pueblo HatoNuevo Rincon Jagual Masas Quebrada Infierno . Jagua Celada Mamey MUNICIPAL DISTRICT SAN LORENZO. Pueblo Quebrada Honda . Cayaguas Florida Hato Jagual Espino . . i Quebrada Arena . . Cerro Gordo Quebrada Quemado MUNICIPAL DISTRICT JUNCOS. Pueblo _ Mamey Gurabo abajo Gurabo arriba Caimito Ceiba Norte _ Ceiba Sur Valenciano abajo Valenciano arriba Gabriel Santiago Gonzalez. Jose Diaz Fontan. Do. Enrique Hernandez Batalla. Do. Jaime Marti Cuyar. Enrique Lizardi Colon. Vicente R. Munoz Barrios. Juan Ysern. Martin Del^ado Roux. Juan Villanny Delgado, Pedro Rivera Vasquez. Vicente Munoz Gnllo. Hermogenes Alvarez. Jose A. Grille Pedro Gonzalez Yglesias. Ramon Vega Cruz. Ramon Batista Cruz. Pedro Bayonet Lopez. Julio Morillo Montes. Francisco Collazo Novos. Manuel Lizardi. Adolfo Toses. Jose Matres. Do. Neftali Munoz. Norberto Rivera. Juan Santiago. Jose R. Perez. Do. Julian Santiago. Dr. Fernando Gonzalez. Eduardo Collazo Diaz. Ricardo Arguinzones. Ramon Quinoses Rieder. Do. Rafael Arguinzones. Braulio Calderon Davila. Angel Pio Abedo Lafont. Severiano Vasquez. Avelino Sauri. Juan J. Davila. Do. Ygnacio Aponte. Jesus Gonzalez. Javier Velez. Modesto Aponte. Francisco Colon. Juan Machon. Aniceto Vasquez. Manuel Gutierrez. Domingo Oiler. Eladio Rivera. Do. Jose Galvez Aponte. Do. Bartolome Azpurna. Do. Miguel Reinoso. Do. Lirios ; Justino Schroder. APPENDICES. 375 Enumeration districts and enumerators— Continued. DEPARTMENT OP HDMACAO. Enumeration districts. Designation. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MAUNABO, Pueblo Emajagua Quebrada Arenas and Talante. Calzada and Lizas Palo-seco Matuyas bajo and alto MUNICIPAL DISTRICT PATILLAS. Pueblo Cacao bajo and Quebrada arriba. Cacao alto and Jagual Eio Arriba Mulas Maton and Guayabote Mamey and Apeadero Rios and Polios Bajo and Jacaboa Guardarraya MUNICIPAL DISTRICT YABUCOA. Pueblo Este. . . Pueblo Oeste. Guayabota Guayanes Jacana Limones Teja Aguacate Playa Juan Martin . . . Camino Nuevo.- MUNICIPAL DISTRICT HUMACAO. Enumerators. Rafael Ortiz. Emilio Calimano. Federico Amadeo. Luis Ortiz. Erneste Velasquez. Bautista Ortiz. Ramon Costa. Luis L. Cepero. Octavio Rivera. Pedro Vergne. Jose Mauras. Hemeterio Fanon. Antonio Capella. Paulino Rodriguez. Fernando Martinez. Pedro Aguayo. Lorenzo I. Martorell. Jose L. Cepero. Jose L. Berrios. Luis G. Berrios. Nicolas Perez. Francisco Berrios. Augusto Gautier. Ernesto Ramos. Casimiro Labres. Jose Jesus Davila, 2d. Jose Ma Carrilla. Wistremundo Ortiz. Santo Domingo Francisco Lopez. San Juan j Exequiel Damiz. Santiago and San Francisco ! Aurelio Ramirez. Playa j Eduardo Lacroix. Marianao j Rodolfo Porrata. Tejas ! Carlos Buitrago. Anton Ruiz I Esteban Laveigne. Buena Vista j Juan Lopez. Candelero abajo Candelero arriba Catafio and Mabu Collores Mambiche and Rio abajo . MUNICIPAL DISTRICT PIEDRAS, Pueblo and Quebrada Arenas. Rio abajo Eio arriba Montones abajo Montones arriba Vegas abajo Teias alto Colores and Boqueron MUNICIPAL DISTRICT FAJARDO. Ceiba and Machose Chupacallos and Saco Rio abajo and Daguao Quebrada Seca and Guayacan. . . Fajardo, parte Este Fajardo, parte Oeste Sardinera and Naranjo Cabezas and Demajagua Florencio and Quebrada Vuelta . Rio arriba Rio abajo Quebrada Fajardo Poblado de Luquillo Pitahaya Juan Martinez and Sabana Julio Monclova. Federico Martinez. Francisco Bruset. Adolfo Vilar. Emigdio Ysern. Cruz Baquero. Francisco Roig. Ramon Aponte. Francisco R. Manzanares. Casimiro Marquez. Ruperto Marquez. Hilario Martinez. Jose Casimiro Berrios. Guillermo R. Bird. Felesforo Ramirez. Jose Lucero. Anibal Mufloz. Manuel Guzman BeniteM. Andres Hoist. Yldelonso Cintron. Cristobal Andreu. Julio Erparolini. Estebano Guzman. Manuel Roman. Placido de la Plaza. Benijno Fernandez Saraso. Luis Benites Calzada. Carmelo Craca Pacheco. 376 REPORT OK THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF HUMACAO— Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. Enumerators. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT VIEQUES. Pueblo Vieques, parte Este Pueblo de Vieques, parte Oeste and Florida Puerto Real arriba Puerto Real abajo Mosquito and Llave Punta Arenas, Puerto Ferro, and Puerto Diablo. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT NAGUABO. Pueblo Hucares Duque Daguao Mariana Santiago Luna and Kin Maizales Rio Blanco abajo Rio Blanco arriba Pefia-pobrc ISLA CULEBRA. Isla Culebra . Agusto Bonel. Juan Sampayo. Trinidad Quifiones. Regalado Benites. Antonio Bellido. Miguel Benites. Ramon J. Rodriguez. Juan P. Alberty. Aristarco Garcia. Arturo del Rivero. Bias Maldonado. Ale jo Bilva. Ponero Buso Porrata. Carmelo Roman. Pablo Feliciano. Jose Fuentes. Jose Amado. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MAYAGUEZ. Salud Rio Cart-el do do Candelaria do '. Marina Meridional . . . Marina Septentrional. do Mayaguez arriba do Quemado - Bateyes Rio CafLas arriba Naranjales Juan Alonso Limon Rosario Montoso Miradero Algarrobo Sabanetas Rio Caflas abajo Leguisamo Sabalos ....do Guanajibo Rio Hondo Malezas Quebrada Grande MUNICIPAL DISTRICT HORMIGl'EUOS. Pueblo Guanajibo ... Hormigueros. Jaguita Lavadero Benavente ... ISLA MONA. Isla Mona. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AXASCO. Cuarteles primero . Cuarteles tercero. . . Cuarteles segundo Antonio Boudet. Juan Maria Marin. Jose Lago Garcia. Alfredo N. Cuebas. Ramon Brandes. Miguel Medina. Jose Leandro Montabos. Jesus Trujillo Lange. Salvador Badrena. Fernando del Toro. Francisco del Valle Aran. Belisario del Valle Aran. Julio Monge. Jose Ramirez Avilez. Buena Ventura Pecunia. Do. Francisco C. Vera. Joaquin Freyre. Manu,el Gonzalez Rivera. Hermogenes Diepa. Carmelo Besosa Pena. Alfredo Guifford. Carmelo Lange. Gerardo Venegas Gotal. Alfredo Cuebas. Vidal Santana. Rafael Ganthrio Martin. Guillermo V. Cintron. Antonio Garcia Sanjengo. Do. Tomas Boucher Bayron. Elenterio Pujalo Quifiones. Do. Ambrosio Marchani. Do. Manuel I. Diez. Do. J. J.Gimincz. Francisco Y. Montoya. Do. Silverio Aran. APPENDICES. 377 Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OP MAYAQUEZ— Continued. Enumeration districts. i No. Designation. Enumerators. municipal district an asco— continued. Silverio Aran. Oscar Porrata. Do 37 ► Magin Montoya. SS Eduardo Ynfante. Do W Pablo Ybanez. Do ■10 Manuel Betances. Antonio Charneco. Do 41 4? Do 4^ Serafin Agostini. Do 44 Do Do. 45 Rafael Mangual Lopez. 4fi MUNICIPAL DISTRICT CABO ROJO. 47 Enrique Toro Soler. 48 49 f>n do 51 5? Alfredo Toro Colberg. 53 do 54 55 do Sergio Toro Ortiz. 5fi 57 58 do .. W do... fin fii MUNICIPAL DISTRICT SAN GERMAN. Juan O'Neill. r? 63 Salvador Agrait. 64 65 fifi Pedro Y.Pajaro. 67 68 fi9 Tana Eduardo Quifiones. Do. 70 71 Martin R. Paradis. 75 Antonio Barca. 73 Galo Rosado. 74 Francisco Pujals. 75 Augusto Aponte. Gabriel Veles. 7fi 77 Gustavo Deljado. Do. 7fi Vicente Lopez. Do. 79 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT LAJAS. Pueblo Manuel Torregroaa. 8(1 Juan Girona. 81 Buenaventura Pagganadri. Plata Do. 82 Alfonso Quintana Cajas. 83 Luis Biaggi. Do. H4 Arturo Zapata. 85 Aciselo Ronda. Do. 86 Bartolome Yrizarg'. 378 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF MAYAGUEZ— Continued. Enumeration districts. Designation. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT SAEANA GRANDE. Enumerators. Senorita Blanca M. Malaret. Pueblo Norte Pueblo Sud ! Hipolito Gareia Sejarro. Machuchal - Enrique Falcon. Rincon . . . .• : Santos N. Delgado. Santana Clemento Vasquez. Tabonuco M iguel Schetini. do. Rayo . . Susua . Torre.. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT MARICAO. Pueblo Maricaoafuera. Montoso Bucarabones . . . Indiera alta Indiera Frios... Indiera baja ... MUNICIPAL DISTRICT LAS MARIAS. Manuel Serra Ortiz. Angel R. Falcon. Ramon Gutierrez. Do. Enrique Cuebas Grappe. Fermin Bran. Mateo Vera. Francisco Beauchamps. Jose Garcia Navarro. Hipolito Cuebas. Pedro Cordeu. Pueblo and Maravilla i Ernesto Vissepo Cuebas. Alto Song (Campo) ! Mario L. Vissepe. Anones Belford Souffrout. Naranjales. Furnias Rio Cafias Palma Escrita Bucarabones Cerrote Purisima Concepcion . Buenavista Chamorro Espino Antonio Olivencia. Do. Ramon Freyre Burgos. Santiago Beauchamps. Pedro Vanderdys. Epifanio B. Perez. Ernesto Vissepo Hernandez. Jose Muxo Vazquez. Eulojio Vicento. Do. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE. Barrio primero Mrs. Ana Camps. Barrio segundo Senorita Olivia Paoli. do , Senorita Angela Ruiz Gandia. do I Senorita Mercedes Arias. Barrio tercero - Senorita RogeliaChardon. Barrio cuarto ] Luis S. Vasquez. do i Bernardino Bocanegra. Barrio quinto > Senorita Dolores A. Duran. do Jose A, Boscana. ....do. Cantera . ....do... do... do... Playa . . . do... do... Canas . Antonio Pasarell. Guillermo Atiles Santos. Oriol Pasarell, 2d. Eduardo Neuman. Julio Yordan. Carlos Gensana. Manuel Yzquierdo. Ricardo Anas. Avelino Rodriguez. .do j Mariano Y. Clavell Luciano Rivera. Gregorio Rivera. Evaristo Velasquez. Ramon Rivera. Ysidoro Uriarte. Raimundo Uriarte. Pedro I. Massanet. Portugues. Tibes ....do San Patricio . . . San Anton Sabanetas Bucana-Vayas . Capitanejo : Francisco Trigo. Magueyes | Jose Teissoniere. Guaraguaos Jose C. Ortiz. — do Julio Ruiz. Quebrada Limon ; Genaro Soler. Maruefio Luis V. Quintano. Machuelo abajo Ramon Vando. do Rafael San Millan. Coto-Laurer. Manuel Paoli. APPENDICES. 379 Enumeration districts and enumerators*- Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. Enumeration, districts. Designation. Enumerators. municipal district ponce — continued. Colo-Laurel Machuelo arriba . Real Cerrillos Maraguez ....do Montes Llanos . . . Anon ....do Especial MUNICIPAL DISTRICT ADJUNTAS. Pueblo Saltillo ....do Pellejas do Capaes Portillo Guayabo Dulce Guilarte Yabuecas ....do Garzas Limani Vega arriba Tanama Yayales Juan Gonzalez and Portugues . Guayo and Vega abajo MUNICIPAL DISTRICT AIBONITO. Norte and Sud Asomante and Caonillas . . Algarrobo and Llano Cuyon Pastos and Roble Plata MUNICIPAL DISTRICT BARROS. Pueblo Ala de la Piedra and Orocovis . Botijas Gato Saltos Sabana and Mata de eafla Barros Pellejas and Bauta arriba Bermejales Bauta abajo Damian arriba Dam inn abajo Collores and Cacaos MUNICIPAL DISTRICT BARRANQUITAS. Pueblo '. Palo lincado Helechal Quebradillas Honduras Quebrada grande . Cafiabon Barrancas MUNICIPAL DISTRICT COAMO. Ermita Esteand Oeste Cuyon and Palmarejo . Pasto j, San Ildef onso Llanos Santa Catalina Pedro Garcia Cayetano Casals. Arturo Fornaris, 2d. Rafael Balaguer. Carlos Atiles. Julio Ranin. Francisco Rodriguez Batista. Gustavo Mas. Natalio Gonzalez. JoseR. Vendrell. Arturo Fornaris, 1st. Martin Aparicio. Juan F. Quintana. Jose Cobian. Jose Delgado. Arturo Aparicio. Manuel Garrastegin. Regino Nieves. Juan Garcia Berenjuer. Ramon Llompart. Americo Rodriguez. Francisco Santiago. Juan Aparicio. Pedro Castro Arias. Jose Schwartzkopff. Guillermo Carreras. Antonio Medina. Jose Gregorio Loba. Francisco Yrizarry. Angel de la Cruz. Francisco Colon. Fausto Negron. Juan A. del Manzano. Manuel Martinez Aviles. Ramon A. Rodriguez. Emilio Santo Domingo. Eladio Rodriguez. Jose E. Zavala. Manuel Ramos, Clemente Valle. Francisco Carreras. Gervasio Colon. Juan M. Yglesia. Roman Carreras. Jose Rojas. Amadeo Barredo. Bautista Latorro. Lucas Colon. Sefiorita Angela Santaella. Julio F. Ortiz. Jose Munoz Rivera. Tomas Pagan. Jose M. Santini. Manuel Carvajal. Joaquin Rojas. Tomas Colon. Edelmiro Matos. Domingo Emanuelll. Euripides Rodriguez. ; Hermogenes Rodriguez. Jose Baerga. 1 Juan R. Jusino. 1 Rogaciano F. Fontanez. i Marcos Blancos. 380 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OP PORTO RICO, ]899. -Enumeration districts and enumerators — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. Enumeration districts. 99 100 101 102 103 10-1 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 lit; 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 146 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 163 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 Designation. municipal district coamo — continued. Cayales Coamo arriba . Pulguillas municipal district guayanilla. Pueblo Magas and Playa Indios and Boca Jagua and Concejo Llano and Quebradas Barrero and Macaria Sierra baja Quebrada-honda and Jagua-Pasto . Pasto MUNICIPAL DISTRICT JUANA DIAZ. Norte and Sur Este and Oeste Lomas and Sabana Liana . Guayabal do Hato-Puerco abajo Villalba abajo Hato-Puerco arriba Villalba arriba do do Caonilla arriba Caonilla abajo Vacas Jacaguas and Caliado Collores ....do ....do Cintrona Capitanejo Armuelas Tijeras and Emajagual Rio Canas arriba Rio Cafias abajo MUNICIPAL DISTRICT FENUELAS. Pueblo Cuevas and Tallaboa Saliente Tallaboa Poniente Tallaboa alta Encarnacion and Coto Jagua Rucio do ...'..";;;■;■. Quebrada Ceiba Santo Domingo Macana * ' ] Barreal '.'.'.'.'.. MUNICIPAL DISTRICT SANTA ISABEL. Pueblo and Playa Felicia No. 1 and Felicia No. 2 Jauca No. 1 and Jauca No. 2 Boca, Velazquez, and Descalabrado. MUNICIPAL DISTHICT YAUCO. Pueblo Norte ....do PuebloSud Guanica ....do '.'.'.'..'..'.'.'.'. Barinas Jacana and Almacigo alto Insua alta and Ciego Hernandez . Insua baja Almacigo bajo Algarrobos Enumerators. Jose E. Aponte. Manuel Marquez. Rosendo Quesada. Ramon Yordan. Alejandro Marguez. Antonio Yrizarry. Jose A. Pajaro. Joaquin Yordan. Pedro Romanacce. Rodolfo Pacheco. Joaquin F. Torres Lujo. Rodolfo Pascual. Antonio Aracil. Dacio Pasarell. Jose Oriol Mufioz. Carlos Julia. Santiago Rodriguez. Agapito Cortes. Joaquin Torres. Antonio Rivera. Felipe Colon. Serafin M. Natali. Oscar Mufioz. Vicente F. Rodriguez. Mauricio de la Cruz. Pedro G. Goico. Ceferino Rodriguez. Manuel Ferrer. Rogerio Vasquez. Luis Cruz. Eloy Diaz. Manuel Y. Villaronja. Juan C. Medrano. Manuel Rodriguez. Carlos Marin. Reinaldo Alvarez. Jose N. Purcell. Gabino Balusguide. Rafael Soldevila. Pedro Lanusa. Ramon Perez. Julio Gonzalez. Enrique Ginestre. Rafael Gonzalez. Jose Belen Gotay. Ulises Ramirez. Romulo Purcell . Francisco Ferrer Banza. Marcelino Torres. Rosendo Arce. Rafael Vechini. Pedro Comas. Julio Arismendi. Santiago F. Negroni. Jose Maria Mattei. Ramon C. Martin. Tomas Berastain. Jesus Beril. Ramon Pagan. Feodosio Nigaglioni. Santiago Negroni Nigaglioni. Leopoldo Porrata. Alejandro Agostini. APPENDICES. 381 Enumeration districts and enumeratom — Continued. DEPARTMENT OF PONCE— Continued. Enumeration districts. No. Designation. Enumerators. municipal district yauco — continued. 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 Vegas and Caimito. Collores ..". Rancheras Rubias Frailes Naranjo RioPrieto Aguas Blaneas Duey Quebradas Sierra alta Augusto Agostini. Hercilio Vasquez. Antonio Follmchi. Carlos M. Fraticelli. Angel Vargas. Jose Perez Pagan. Domingo Pietri Roman. Francisco Lopez. Salvador Sune. Luis Garcia Toro. Antonio Sanchez. APPENDIX IV. CONTRACT FOR TABULATING THE ENUMERATION OF POPULATION OF THE ISLANDS OF CUBA AND PORTO RICO. Whereas the Tabulating Machine Company, through its general manager, Herman Hollerith, has submitted an offer to the Director of the Census of Cuba and Porto Rico to tabulate the enumeration of the population of the said islands, and said Director has concluded to accept said proposition, It is hereby agreed by and between Colonel J. P. Sanger, Director of the Census of Cuba and Porto Rico, party of the first part, and the Tabulating Machine Company, a corporation of the State of New York, party of the second part, as follows: The party of the second part, in consideration of the payments to be made to it as hereinafter provided, agrees to tabulate by the Hollerith tabulating system, and under the direction of its general manager, the enumeration of the population of the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico from the schedules to be delivered to it by the party of the first part according to the twenty-two (22) tables heretofore submitted. The party of the first part hereby agrees to pay to the party of the second part for such tabulation the sum of three and one-half (3J) cents for each person, and one (1) cent for each building enumerated, as follows: Eight-tenths (0.8) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 1 and 2. Three-tenths (0.3) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 3 and 4. Three-tenths (0.3) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 5 and 7. Forty-five hundredths (0.45) of one cent per person on completion of the tabula tion of tables 8, 9, and 10. Seventy-five hundredths (0.75) of one cent per person on completion of the tabu- lation of tables 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. Nine-tenths (0.9) of one cent per person on completion of the tabulation of tables 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21. The payments for tabulating tables 1 and 2, and for tabulating tables 3 and 4, are to be made on the completion of such tables for each province of Cuba and depart- ment of Porto Rico, and for the remaining tables 5 to 22 inclusive, on completion of such tables for each island. 382 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OE PORTO RICO, 1899. The party of the second part agrees to commence such tabulation without delay upon receipt of the schedules from the party of the first part, and to proceed with and complete said tabulation with diligence and dispatch. The party of the second part further agrees to tabulate the schedules relating to agriculture and schools for said islands according to such tables as may be required by the party of the first part, for which tabulations the party of the first part agrees to pay to the party of the second part, in addition to the payments above provided for, the actual cost of such tabulation (which shall include rent, clerk hire, mate- rial, and all other expenses) plus ten (10) per cent of such cost for the services of the party of the second part for superintending and directing the work. The party of the first part may at any time discontinue the tabulation of the schedules relating to agriculture and schools by giving written notice to that effect to the party of the second part; and in such event all records and results are to be delivered to the party of the first part, and the party of the second part shall be paid for the cost of the work plus said ten (10) per cent for services, to the date of the receipt of such notice by the party of the second part. In witness whereof the parties aforesaid have executed this agreement in quadru- plicate, and have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals this 1st day of February, A. D. 1900. Signed by contracting parties and witnessed. APPENDIX V. GOVERNORS OF PORTO RICO. 1. Juan Ponce de Leon, appointed by their Majesties on March 2, 1510, captain of the island, and turned over the command by royal order in 1511 to 2. Juan Ceron and Miguel Diaz, appointed by Admiral Diego Columbus in the use of his rights, acknowledged by the Council of Indies. They governed until 1514, at which period the same admiral removed them and appointed 3. Commander Moscoso, whose administration was very brief, resigning the authority in the same year to 4. Cristobal de Mendoza, who led the expedition against the Indians of Vieques and left for Sevilla, being substituted in his turn by 5. Juan Ponce de Leon, appointed for the second time, on September 27, 1514, captain of the island, with civil and criminal jurisdiction on both land and sea. He governed seven years, and as he was preparing, in 1520, for his second expedition to Florida, he intrusted the command to 6. Antonio de la Gama, who, in September, 1519, had arrived at San Juan in the capacity of judge, and who married a daughter of Ponce de Leon. Gama retained the supreme authority until the beginning of 1521, in which year ho transferred it, by order of the King, to Diego Columbus, who selected as his lieutenant 7. Pedro Moreno, the municipal mayor, who had been the solicitor of the city, and who retained the command until 1529, in which year 8. Antonio de la Gama, Ponce de Leon's son-in-law, was appointed in his place. His management could not have been very satisfactory, as he was removed in 1531, his successor being 9. Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon, a justice of the audiencia of Santo Domingo, in order that, assuming the general authority, he might supervise the actions of Moreno as APPENDICES. 383 well as of Gama. The latter left for Venezuela, and after his task was ended Ayllon returned to the Espafiola, in the same year, the command being transferred to 10. Francisco Manuel de Lando, the ordinary municipal mayor, appointed, as Moreno had been, the lieutenant of the admiral. Lando discharged his duties until 1537, in which year the Crown recovered the right to appoint the captains and jus- tices of San Juan. This news was very gladly received in the island, but as seven years elapsed without the right being exercised, the ordinary mayors continued exercising the government, to the great dissatisfaction of the residents, who com- plained in 1541 that they had no head. Finally, in 1544, His Majesty appointed as captain 11. Geronimo Lebron, who arrived in Porto Rico in 1545, and died a natural death fifteen days after his taking possession of the office. He was substituted in the same year by 12. Licentiate Cervantes de Loaysa, a justice who resided in the Espafiola, and who was appointed on the petition of the residents of San Juan. His strict rule brought about such dissatisfaction that in 1547 the municipality requested the monarch that he should not be allowed to govern in perpetuity, because it would mean the ruin of the island. 13. Luis de Vallejo governed from June, 1550, to April, 1554, being replaced by 14. Licentiate Caraza, appointed in 1555, and who governed until 1561. He was succeeded by 15. Antonio de la Llama Vallejo, who married Leonora Ponce, the daughter of the conqueror, and who governed to 1564. In" this year the appointment of civil officials as governors of the island was discontinued and 16. Francisco Bahamonde Lugo, a cavalry captain in Flanders, was appointed. He was obliged in person to lead an expedition against the invasion of savages, receiving an arrow in a muscle which endangered his life. His government ended in 1569, and he left for Spain. At the beginning of 1570 he was succeeded by 17. Francisco de Solis, a native of Salamanca, appointed for four years at an annual salary of 775,000 maravedis. He was succeeded in 1575 by 18. Francisco de Obando, who continued in office until 1580, being followed by 19. Juan de Cespedes, who died the same year. The next governor arrived in the island in 1581. 20. Juan Melgarejo, a native of Sevilla, whose duty it was to prepare a geographic description of the country. He transferred the government in 1583 to 21. Diego Melendez, mentioned by Abbad, and who governed the island for eleven years, from 1583 to 1594. 22. Pedro Xuarez, colonel, governed provisionally in 1593 and 1595. 23. Alonso Mercado, in 1599, captain. 24. Sancho Ochoa de Castro, in 1602. 25. Gabriel de Eojas, in 1603. 26. Felipe Beaumont y Navarra ; n 1614. 27. Juan de Vargas, in 1620. 28. Juan de Haro, in 1625. 29. Enrique Henriquez, in 1630. 30. Ifiigo de la Mota, 1635. 31. Agustin de Silva, in 1656. 32. Maestre de Campo Juan Perez de Guzman, in 1661. 33. Maestre de Campo Geronimo de Velasco, in 1664. 34. Maestre de Campo Gaspar de Arteaga, in 1670. Died on March 7, 1674. 35. Maj. Diego de Robladillo, in 1674, temporary. 36. Capt. Baltasar Figueroa, in 1674, temporary. 37 Maestre de Campo Alonso Campo, in 1675, 384 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO RICO, 1899. 38. Maestre de C'ampo Juan Robles, in 1678. 39. Maestre de Campo Gaspar de Andono, in 1683. 40. Maestre de Campo Gaspar de Arredondo, in 1690 to 1695. 41. Maj. Tomas Franco, to 1698. 42. Maj. Antonio Robles, to 1699, temporary. 43. Maestre de Campo Gaspar de Arredondo, in 1699. 44. Maestre de Campo Gabriel Gutierrez de Rivas, in 17.00. 45. Maj. Diego Villaran, in 1703, temporary. 46. Capt. Francisco Sanchez, in 1703, temporary. 47. Capt. Pedro de Arroyo, to 1705. 48. Maestre de Campo Juan Morla, temporary. 49. Maj. Francisco Granados, to 1708. 50. Col. Juan Rivera, to 1713. 51. Jose Carreno, in 1716, temporary. 52. Maj. Alonso Bertodano, in 1716. 53. Maj. Francisco Granados, to 1720. 54. Captain of Cavalry Jose Mendizabal, to 1724. 55. Lieut. Col. Matias Abadia, to 1731. 56. Maj. Domingo Nanglares, to 1743. 57. Col. Juan Colomo, in 1743. 58. Col. Agustin Pareja, to 1751. 59. Lieut. Col. Matias Bravo, to lV55. 60. Mateo de Guazo. 61. Felipe Ramirez. 62. Col. Marcos de Vergara, 1766. 63. Lieut. Col. Jose Tentor, temporary. 64. Col. Miguel de Muesas, to 1775. 65. Brig. Gen. Jose Dufresne, to 1783. 66. Brig. Gen. Juan Daban, to 1789. 67. Brig. Gen. Miguel TJstariz, to 1792. 68. Brig. Gen. Francisco Torralbo, to 1795. 69. Camp Marshal Ramon de Castro, to 1804. 70. Camp Marshal Toribio de Montes, to 1809. 71. Camp Marshal Salvador Melendez, to 1820. 72. Brig. Gen. Juan Vasco y Pascual, in 1820. 73. Brig. Gen. Gonzalo Arostegui, to 1822. 74. Col. Jose Navarro, in 1822, temporary. 75. Lieut. Gen. Miguel de la Torre, Count of Torrepando, to 1837. 76. Camp Marshal Francisco Moreda, in 1837. 77. Camp Marshal Miguel Lopez Bafios, to 1840. 78. Lieut. Gen. Santiago Mendez Vigo, to 1844. 79. Lieut. Gen. the Count of Mirasol, to 1847. 80. Camp Marshal Juan Prim, Count of Reus, to 1848. 81. Lieut. Gen. Juan de la Pezuela, to 1851. 82. Camp Marshal the Marquis of Spain, to 1852, temporary. 83. Lieut. Gen. Fernando de Norzagaray, to 1855. 84. Lieut. Gen. Andres Garcia Camba, in 1855. 85. Lieut. Gen. Jose Lemery, to 1857. 86. Lieut. Gen. Fernando Cotoner, to 1860. 87. Lieut. Gen. Rafael Echague, to 1862. 88. Brig. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo, in 1862, temporary. 89. Lieut. Gen. Felix Maria de Messina, to 1865. 90. Lieut. Gen. Jose Maria Marchesi, in 1867. APPENDICES. 385 91. Lieut. Gen. Julian Juan Pavia, in 1869. 92. Jose Laureano Sanz, lieutenant-general, in 1870. 93. Gabriel Baldrich, lieutenant-general, in 1872. 94. Ramon Gomez Pulido, lieutenant-general, in 1872. 95. Simon de la Torre, lieutenant-general, in 1872. 96. J. Martinez Plower, lieutenant-general, in 1873. 97. Rafael Primo de Rivera, lieutenant-general, in 1873. 98. Jose Laureano Sanz, lieutenant-general, in 1875. 99. Segundo de la Portilla, lieutenant-general, in 1877. 100. Manuel de la Serna, lieutenant-general, in 1878. 101. Eulogio Despujols, lieutenant-general, in 1881. 102. Segundo de la Portilla, lieutenant-general, in 1884. 103. Miguel de la Vega Inclan, lieutenant-general, in 1884. 104. Ramon Fajardo, lieutenant-general, in 1884. 105. Luis Daban, lieutenant-general, in 1885. 106. Romualdo Palacio, lieutenant-general, in 1887. 107. Juan Oontreras, temporary, camp marshal, in 1887. 108. Pedro Ruiz Dana, lieutenant-general, in 1888. 109. Jose Lasso Perez, lieutenant-general, in 1892. 110. Antonio Daban, lieutenant-general, in 1893. 111. Jose Gamir, lieutenant-general, in 1895. 112. Manuel Delgado Zulueta, temporary, general of division, to February 15, 1896. 113. Sabas Marin, lieutenant-general, to January 4, 1898. 114. Ricardo Ortega, general of division, January 4, 1898, to January 11, 1898, temporary. 115. Andres Gonzalez Mufioz, lieutenant-general, January 11, 1898. (Died the aame day). 116. Ricardo Ortega, general of division, January 12, 1898, temporary, to Feb- ruary 2, 1898. 117. Manuel Macias y Casado, lieutenant-general, February 2, 1898, to October 16, 1898. 118. Ricardo Ortega, general of division, temporary, from October 16, 1898, to the 18th of the same month and year, on which day the general government of the island was turned over to Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke. 119. Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke, Military Governor, October 18, 1898, to Decem- ber 6, 1898. 120. Maj. Gen. Guy V. Henry, Military Governor, December 6, 1898, to May 9, 1899. 121. Brig. Gen. George W. Davis, Military Governor, May 9, 1899, to May 1, 1900. 122. Charles H. Allen, Civil Governor, inaugurated May 1, 1900. 8490—00 25 386 REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF PORTO KIOO, 1899. APPENDIX VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following is a list of the books consulted in the preparation of the Report of the Census of the Island of Porto Rico: Author. Title. Abad, J. R Abbad y Lasierra, Fr. Ifiigo. Acosta yCalvo, JoseJ Bedwell, C.J. (British consul to Porto Rico). Brau, Salvador Carroll, H. K Coclun, Augustin Coll y ToBte, Dr. C. (civil secretary of Porto Rico). Contreras, J Cfirdoba, Pedro T. de Davis, Gen. George W. Diaz Caneja, Ignacio. . Flintcr, Col. Geo. D . Hall.A.D Halstead, Murat . Hamm, M. A Hill.R.T Irving Labra, Rafael M.de Miles, Maj. Gen. N. W Ministerio de Ultramar Ober.F.A Pezuela, N Rector Robinson, Albert Gardner. Stahl, Dr. Agustin Tapia y Rivera, Pedro Valle, Jose G. del Vines, Benito War Department . Puerto Rico en la Feria-Exposiei6n de Ponce en 1882. Ponce, 1885. Historia de Puerto Rico. Ampliada por Don Jose J. Acosta. San Juan, 1866. Agriculture tropical. Puerto Rico, 1862. American State Papers. Account of the Aborigines of Porto Rico. 1879. Las clases jornaleras en Puerto Rico. San Juan, 1882. British State Papers. Report on the Island of Porto Rico. L'Espagne etl'eselavage. Paris, 1869. Resefia del Estate Social, Econ6mico e Industrial de la Isla de Puerto Rico, 1899. Guia oflcial de Puerto Rico, 1897. Mamoria geografiea, histonea, etc., do Puerto Rico. San Juan, 1831. Reports on Porto Rico. Reports on Military Telegraph Lines of Porto Rico. La cuestion ultramarina. Puerto Rico, 1886. Waterloo politico. Puerto Rico, 1891. Reformas de Maura. Puerto Rico, 1893. Porto Rico. Slavery in Porto Rico. Porto Rico. Our New Possession, etc. Porto Rico and the West Indies. Cuba, Porto Rico, and other islands of the West Indies. Life of Columbus. Columbus and his Companions. La Repiibliea v las libertades de Ultramar. Madrid, 1897. Report on Military Operations in Porto Rico Regimen del gobiemo en Puerto Rico. Madrid, 1897. Porto Rico and its Resources. Cr6nica de las Antillas. ' Madrid, 1871. The Story of Beautiful Porto Rico. Porto Rico of To-Day. Log Indios Borinouefios. Puerto Rico, 1889. Biblioteca historica de Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico en la Exposici6n de Chicago. Puerto Rico, 1895. Apuutes relativos a los huracanes en las Antillas. Habana 1877. Military Notes on Porto Rico. APPENDICES. 387 APPENDIX VII. Census of Porto Rico in account with the Insular Treasury of Porto Rico. Db. Sept. 1, 1899, original estimate and allotment $199,000.00 Total 199,000.00 Ck. Expenditures as follows: Director- Stationery and other of- fice supplies $70.15 Salary of clerk and mes- senger 316.00 Traveling expenses to and through Porto Rico 96.26 Assistant Director, salary 7 supervisors, salaries 911 enumerators, salaries Clerks, special agents, and mes- sengers of Assistant Director andsupervisors Transportation of Btores and per- sons Rent and incidental expenses of offices in Porto Rico Census property i Census stationery and printing . Tabulating Printing bulletins Printing and illustrating Eng- lish edition of report, 6,600 copies Printing and illustrating Span- ish edition of report, 4,000 cop- ies Translating report and bulletins into Spanish Indexing report Foreign postage census reports . Total expenditures Excess of allotment over ex- penditures . $481.40 4,160.00 3,248.00 52,870.00 7,620.05 1,149.24 3,893.71 653.42 1,739.89 39,444.38 663.14 6,643.75 712. 17 65.00 180.00 129,362.26 69,637.74 Total 199,000.00 ■All census property in Porto Rico was purchased through the supply division of the War Depart- ment. The census property and stationery in Porto Rico on hand at the close of the work, and val- ued at $1,143.20, were transferred to the insular authorities. INDEX. Page. Abad, J. B. 386 Abadia, Matias (Governor) 384 Abbad, Fray Ifligo 23,24,25,26,30,141 Abbad y Lasierra, Fr. Ifligo 386 Abercrombie, Lord Ralph 15 Aborigines, characteristics and customs 23-30 Acosta, Don Jos6 Julian 27 Acoste y Calvo, Jos6 J 386 Adjuntas, city, population 163 Adjuntas district 156,162,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 379 Age and citizenship 62-65 conjugal condition 65-71, 200-239 education 265-267 literacy 245-265 nativity 174-185, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 306-325 occupations 89,90,306-325,328,329 race .... 89, 90, 174-185, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 267-280, 306-325 school attendance 77, 267-280 Bex 53-55, 172-185, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 267-280, 306-325, 328, 329 by 5-year periods 245-265,265-267,306-325 comparison with other countries 48 discussion of tables 46-55 males over 21 years 190-193 median 46-48 definition of term 46 of illegitimates 240-243 periods and nativity, in consensual unions 200-239 periods by percentages of population 49 school attendance 267-280 sex 245-265,265-267 and nativity of married 200-239 race of married 200-239 in relation to marriage 200-239 occupations 306-325, 328, 329 of breadwinners 306-325, 328, 329 husbands, wives, and widowed 70, 71, 200-239 unmarried 200-239 ratios 47-52 table from census of 1887 36 Agricultural implements 146 Agricultural products 152 389 390 INDEX. Page. Agriculture ' 18-155 aboriginal 27 bureau of, organized 21 census schedules 147 history of 146,147 tables 352-360 Aguada, city, population 163 settlement 16 Aguada district 79,156,157,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 243, 284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 366 Aguadilla, city, population 163 Aguadilla department: Age 172, 175, 190, 204-207, 240, 247-249, 266, 269, 270, 308, 309 Age, median 47 population under 15 years 53 adults, by nativity and race 63 Animals 358 Area cultivated 149, 352 in forest 352 farms 352 principal crops 356 Birthplace 185,187 Births by years 112,345 Conjugal conditions 194,196,204-207 ratio of married 68 Deaths by years 112,350 Density of population 42 Distilleries, number and capacity 155 Dwellings 103 average number of occupants 103, 104 number of unoccupied 104 ratio to families 105 Education 243,266 Excreta, disposition of Ill, 343 Families, size of 99-101, 335 ratio to dwellings 105 Farm area 352 tenure 150,151,354,355 Farms, average size 149 Forest area 352 Garbage disposal 341 Illegitimates 240 Literacy 64,73,190,243,247-249 Literates over 10 years of age 79 Livestock 358 Marriages by years 113, 348 Marriage rate 117 Nativity 164,170,175,187,190,196,204-207,240 Occupations 87,282,326,327 Population, increase 41 total 156 Race 59,63,164,170, 175, 187, 190, 204-207, 240, 247-249, 266, 269, 270, 281, 282-284, 308, 309 Rural population 44 INDEX. 391 Aguadilla department — Continued. Page. School attendance 76,78,84,85,243,281,269,270 Schools 281 Sex 45, 164, 168, 172, 175, 187, 196, 204-207, 240, 247-249, 266, 308, 309, 345, 350 Sugar cane. (See references under Sugar. ) Tobacco. {See references under Tobacco. ) Urban population 44 Water supply sources 107, 339 Aguadilla district 156,157,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 245, 284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 365 Aguas Buenas, city, population 163 Aguas Buenas district 156, 159, 166, 168, 171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 350, 353, 373, 374 Aibonito, city, population 163 Aibonito district 156,162,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 379 Alexander VI, Pope 16 Allen, Charles H., civil governor 21, 385 American occupation - 18 Afiasco, city, population 163 Afiasco district 156,161,166,168,171,173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 376, 377 Andono, Gaspar de (Governor) 384 Aqueybana - 14, 24 Area by density of population - - - 42 cultivated 146,352-357 in coffee 146,356,357 principal crops 356, 357 sugar cane - - - 14(3, 356, 357 tobacco - 146 > 356 > 357 of departments '2 farms 352-357 by tenure and by the race of occupant - - - 354-357 forests 352-353 Porto Bico - .-.11,42 percentage of total, in cultivation - - 149 relation of, to center of population - ** -i on Arecibo, city, population - - settlement of - - Arecibo department: Age 172, 176, 190, 208-211, 240, 247-249, 266, 308, 309 median - population under 15 years - adults, by nativity and race - * ■ i ..... 358, o59 Animals ....149 352 Area cultivated ' in f rest ;; 352 R . * arms :::::... m,^ ^ pl * Ce ....112 345 Births by years - ' Conjugal condition 194,196,208-211 ratio of married Deaths by years ' . Density of population - 392 INDEX. Arecibo department — Continued. Page. Distilleries, number and capacity 1" Dwellings ws average number of occupants 103, 104 number unoccupied 104 ratio to families 105 Education 243,266 Excreta, disposition of - Hl> 343 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 size of 99-101,335 Farm area - 352 tenure 150,151,354,355 Farms, average size of 149 Forest area 352 Garbage disposal 341 Illegitimates 240 Literacy 64,73,190,243,247-249 Literates over 10 years of age 79 Marriages by years 113, 348 Marriage rate 117 Nativity 164, 170, 176, 190, 208-211, 240, 247-249, 266, 282-284, 308, 309 Occupations 87,282,308,309,326,327 Population, total 156 increase in 41 Race 59,63,164, 170, 176, 190, 196, 208-211, 240, 247-249, 266, 281, 282-284, 308, 309, 355 Rural population 44 School attendance 76,78,84,85,243,269,270,281 Schools 281 Sex '. 45,164,168, 172, 176, 187, 196, 208-211, 240, 247-249, 266, 281, 282-284, 308, 309, 345 Sugar, cultivation and production. (See references under Sugar.) Tobacco, cultivation and production. (See references under Tobacco. ) Urban population 44 Water-supply sources 107, 339 Arecibo district 156,157,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 368 Arecibo River 11 Argentine Republic, proportion of unmarried 66 Army, American, welcomed 18 Arostegui, Gonzalo (Governor) 384 Arredondo, Gaspar de (Governor) 384 Arroyo, city, popoulation 163 Arroyo district • 156,159,166,168,171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 350, 353, 373 Arroyo, Pedro de (Governor) 384 Arteaga, Gaspar de (Governor) 383 Asses 358-360 Austria, proportion of unmarried 66 Ay lion, Lucas Vasquez de (Governor) 382 B. Badrena, Manuel, estimate of cane cultivation 140 report on coffee cultivation 125-129 supervisor Mayaguez department 361 INDEX. 393 Page. Bahamas, percentage of colored population , 56 Baldrich, Gabriel (Governor) 385 Bananas, area cultivated in 356-357 Bafios, Miguel Lopez (Governor) 384 Barbados, percentage of colored population 56, 57 proportion of unmarried 66 Barcelona, Company of 31 Barceloneta, city, population 163 Barceloneta district 156, 157, 164, 168, 170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 369 Barranquitas district 156, 162, 166, 168, 171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 379 Barrios 157-163 Barros district 156,162,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 379 Bayamon, city, population 163 Bay am on department: Age 172, 177, 190, 212-215, 251-253, 266, 271, 272, 312, 313 adults, by nativity and race 63 median 47 population under 15 years 53 Animals 358,359 Area cultivated 149, 352 in farms 352 forest 352 principal crops 357 Birthplace 185,187 Births by years 112,345 Conjugal condition 194,197,212-215 ratio of married 68 Deaths by years 112,350 Density of population 42 Distilleries, number and capacity 155 Dwellings 103 average number of occupants 103, 104 number unoccupied 104 ratio to families : - - 105 Education 243,266 Execreta, disposition of m> 343 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 size of -' 99-101,335 Farm area 352 tenure 150,151,354,355 Farms, average size of "" Forest area 352 Garbage disposal 341 Illegitimates 241 Literacy • — - 64,73,74,190,243,251-253 Literates over 10 years of age ' 9 Livestock 358,359 Marriages by years 113 ' 348 Marriage rate Nativity 164, 170, 177, 190, 197, 212-215, 251-253, 266, 282-284, 312, 313 Occupations 87,282,312,313,326,327 394 INDEX. Bayamon department — Continued. Page. Occupations, ratios 87, 88 Population, increase 41 total 156 Race 59,63,164,170,177, 187, 190, 197, 212-215, 241, 251-253, 266, 271 , 272, 281, 282-284, 312, 313 Rural population 44 School attendance 78, 84, 85, 243, 271, 272, 281 Schools 281 Sex 45,164,168,172,177,187,197 212-215, 241, 243, 251-253, 266, 271, 272, 281, 282-284, 312, 313, 345, 350 Sugar. (See references under Sugar.) Tobacco. (See references under Tobacco. ) Urban population 44 Water-supply sources 107, 339 Bayamon district 156, 158, 164, 170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 370 Bayamon River II Beaumont y Navarra, Don Felipe (Governor) 30, 383 Bedwell, F 24 Belgium, proportion of unmarried 66 Bermudas, percentage of colored population , 56 Bertodano, Alonso (Governor) 384 Bidwell, C.J 386 Birthplace (see also Nativity) 62-65, 185-193, 333, 334 Birthrate 116 Births by years and departments 112 districts, and by sex 345-347 Bishop of San Juan 29 Blanco River 11 Borinquen, Indian name for Porto Rico 13 Brau, Salvador 386 Bravo, Matfas (Governor) 384 Breadwinners (see also Occupations), discussion of tables 94 British Honduras, proportion of unmarried 66 Brooke, Maj. Gen. John R., Military Governor 20, 72, 385 Bulls 358-360 C. Cabildo, organization of 19 Cabo Rojo, city, population 163 salt works of 16 Cabo Rojo district 156,161,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 377 Caguas, city, population 163 Caguas district 156,159,166,168,171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 374 Caicos island, percentage of colored population 56, 57 Calves 358-360 Camba, Andres Garcia (Governor) 384 Campo, Alonso (Governor) 383 Camuy district 156,157,164,168,170,172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 368, 369 Caparra, first Spanish settlement 14 index. 395 Page. Captain-General, powers given 19 Caracas, importation of negroes by Company of 30 Caraza, Licentiate (Governor) 3g3 Caribbean Sea, commanded by Porto Rico 14 Carolina, city, population Ig3 Carolina district 156,158,164,168,1701 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341 , 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 372 Carrefio, Jose' (Governor) _ 351 Carroll, H. K. , special commissioner, reports of 10, 386 Castro, Eam6n de (Governor) 3g4 Castro, Sancho Ochoa de (Governor) 383 Cattle 146,358-360 Cayey, city, population 163 Cayey district 156,159,166,168,171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 373 ' tobacco '. _ 142 a, city, population 163 Cerba district 41 Census, cost of 387 date as of November 10, 1899 __. 361 districts defined 363 enumerators, duties of 362 method of appointment 362 estimate of cost 9, 387 expense to be borne from revenues of Porto Eico 361 letter transmitting report 9 orders directing the taking of the 361-334 regulations governing 361-365 schedules adopted 36, 37 agricultural 147 supervisors appointed 365-381 duties of 361 form of school 80 Censuses, summary of Spanish 32 Ceron, Juan (Governor) 14, 382 Center of population 44 Cespedes, Juan de (Governor) 383 Cevera, Admiral - 15 Charities, board of, organized 21 Child labor 94 Children, illegitimate 66,240-243 percentage by age periods 51, 54 percentage in foreign countries 51 Chile, proportion of unmarrried 66 Chiles, Lieut. S. G., disbursing officer - - - 365 Chinese 32 Ciales, city, population 163 dales district 156,158,164,168,170,172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 369, 370 Gidra, city, population 163 Cidra district 156,160,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 373 Citizenship (see also Nativity) 62-65 Civil secretary to Military Governor 21 396 INDEX. Page. Clifford, Admiral George ---- 15 Climate 12 Coamo, city, population "•"» salt works of 16 settlement of 16 Coamodistrict 156,162,166,168,171,173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 379, 380 Cochin, Augustin 386 Cocoanuts, area cultivated in 356, 357 Coffee, area cultivated in 356,357 area in cultivation 153 climate required 119 cost of producing 128 cultivation 118-129 early history 125 drying 127 gathering - 123, 127 industries 124-128 method of planting 121 method of seeding 120, 126 preparation for market 124, 127, 128 production by years 128 soil required 119 sorting 128 yield 126 Colly Toste, Sefior. civi. secretary 16,128,386 estimate of sugar crops 141 remarks regarding tobacco 144 Colom, Enrique, supervisor Ponce department 361 Colomo, Juan (Governor) 384 Colonization 14, 15 Columbus, Christopher 13 Columbus, Don Diego 14,382 Comerio, city, population 163 Comerio district 156,160,166,168,171,173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 374 Conjugal condition 194, 195 and age 200-239 nativity 196-199, 200-239 occupations 331, 332 race 196-199,200-239,331,332 discussion of tables 65-71,117 discussion of tables from earlier censuses 32, 35 in common law marriage 65,117 consensual unions 65, 117, 194, 195 marriages by years and departments 113 districts 348, 349 married 68 unmarried 66 widowed 71 Constitution, Spanish, extended to Porto Rico 20 Consulado 19 20 Contreras, Juan (Governor) 335 index. 397 Contreras, J a || 6 Cordillera Central , .. Cordoba, Pedro T. de o 86 Corn, Indian, area cultivated in 3go 357 Corozal, city, population ' , „„ Corozal district 156,158/164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 Costa Eica, proportion of unmarried go Cost of census, estimated g Cotoner, Fernando (Governor) g 84 Courts, audiencias 22 criminal „„ of first instance and instruction 22 reorganized by General Davis 23 Cows 358-360 Cuba: Age ratios 45,53 Breadwinners by age 89 90 sex 88 percentage by race 93 ratio of gg Dwellings, ratio to families 105 Families, ratio to dwellings J05 size of 102 Foreign-born population, ratios 62 Illiteracy by sex gl Married, percentage of 68 Median age 47 byrace 60 Occupation groups 95 Population, ratio of increase 40 urban 43 Race, ratios 56 by 5-year age periods 61 of breadwinners ; 93 Relative density of population 43 Sex and illiteracy 81 excess of males 45 of school teachers 84 Slaves, percentage of, in 1872 18 tax on importation abolished 31 Unmarried, percentage of 66 Culebra island 12 enumerated with Humacao 361 Cultivation, area in 149 dishing, Caleb 18 D. Daban, Antonio ( Governor) 385 Daban, Juan (Governor) 384 Daban, Luis (Governor) 385 Dana, Pedro Ruiz (Governor) 385 Davis, Maj. Charles L., disbursing officer .„„„_„.. 365 398 INDEX. Page. Davis, Brig. Gen. George W. , Military Governor 17, 21, 385, 386 construction of roads 146 prescribed qualifications of electors 22 remarks as to price of tobacco. - 145 report on education - 72 reports on Porto Rico 10-386 revision of school laws 72 Death rate 113 Deaths, by years and by departments 112 districts 350, 351 Decrees, royal 22 Deitell,M 140 Denmark, proportion of unmarried 66 Density of population 42 Departmental government 21 Departments, creation of 20 geographical, abolished 21 Despujols, Eulogio (Governor) 385 Diaz, Caneja, Ignacio 386 Diaz, Miguel 14 Diaz, Miguel (Governor) 382 Dingman, Harrison " 9 appointed assistant director 361 duties assigned to 361 Director of the census, appointed 361 duties of 361 letter of transmittal 9 tour of inspection 9 Discovery of the island 13 Disbursing officers of census 365 Disbursements for the Census 387 Distilleries 155 District government 22 Dorado district 156,158,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 Drake, Sir Francis 15 Dufresne, Jos6 (Governor) 384 Dwellings 102-112 and families 105 E. Earthquakes 12 Ecclesiastical tribunal 19 Echague, Rafael (Governor) 384 Economic conditions 17 Education and age 265-267 nativity 265-267 occupations 330,331 race 265-267 sex 265-267,330,331 Education: Bureau of 21 72 Cost of 72 INDEX. 399 Education: Page. Degree shown by statistics 73 Discussion of tables 71 History of Porto Rican schools 71 Insular board of 72 Literacy and school attendance 243-245 Sex and literacy, by occupations 330, 331 System of 72 Educational institutions 72, 281 Electors, discussion of tables 62-65 literacy of 64 nativity of 62-65 qualifications.- 22 under Spanish regime 20 race 62-65 ElYunque 11 Emancipation of slaves 31 Enoomiendas 29 England, proportion of unmarried 66 English life tables 49 Enumeration districts, number of 9 time occupied in 9 Enumerators, appointments made 9 duties of 362-364 method of appointment 362 women employed 9 Expenditures for the census 9 > 387 for schools 72 under Spanish regime 1? F. Fajardo, city, population 163 Fajarde district 156,160,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 Fajardo, Ram6n (Governor) 385 Families and dwellings !05 discussion of tables 97-102 size of 99-102,335-338 Farm products - 356-357 tenure 15 ° by area, showing race of occupant 150, 355, 356 Farming machinery I 46 Farms, area 12,352-356 and part cultivated 352,353 number 146,352-356 area, showing tenure and race of occupant 355, 356 F. Farr's life tables : 49 Fauna 13 Fjgueroa, Baltasar ( Governor) 383 Fisheries FUnter, Col. George B - 141 ' 38 ^ Flora 13 400 INDEX. Page. Forests 12,26,352,353 Foster, Oapt. F. W., disbursing officer 365 Fowls 358-360 France, proportion of unmarried 66 Franco, Tomas (Governor) 383 G. Gama, Antonio de la (Governor) 382 Gamir, Jos6 (Governor) 385 Gannett, Prof. Henry 9 Garbage, disposal of 109,341,342 Geography 11 Germany, proportion of unmarried 66 Goats 358,360 Government, autonomous 20 departmental 20,21 insular 20,21 municipal 20, 21 organization of present 21 Governor-General, powers of 19 Granados, Francisco (Governor) 384 Guanica, harbor 12 landing of American Army at 15 salt works of 16 Guarabo, city, population 163 Guarabo, district 156,160,166,168,171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 373 Guatemala, proportion of illiterates 75 proportion of unmarried 66 revenues paid to Porto Rico 16 Guayama, city, population 163 Guayama department: Age 172, 178, 190, 216-219, 253-255, 266, 273, 274, 314, 315 adults by nativity and race 63 medium 47 population under 15 years 53 Animals 358,359 Area cultivated '. 149,352 in forest 352 farms 352 principal crops 357 Birthplace 185 Births by years 112,346 Conjugal condition 194,197,216-219 ratio of married _ 68 Deaths by years 112,350,351 Density of population 42 Distilleries, number and capacity 155 Dwellings 103 average number of occupants 103,104 number of unoccupied 104 ratio of families 105 Education 243,266 Excreta, disposition of _ m 343 Families, ratio to dwellings ,„.,.., 105 INDEX. 401 Guayama department — Continued. p Families, size of 99-101,335 Farm area '. 352 principal crops 357 tenure 150,151 Farms, average size of 149 Forest area 352 Garbage disposal _ 34^ Illegitimates 241 Literacy 64,73,190,243,253-255 Literates over 10 years of age 79 Livestock 358,359 Marriages by years H3 343 Marriage rate H7 Nativity 164, 170, 178, 190, 197, 216-219, 241, 253-255, 266, 282-284,314, 315 Occupations 87,282,314,315,326,327 Population, increase of 41 total 156 Race 59,63,164,170,178,188,190, 197, 216-219, 241, 253-255, 266, 273, 274, 281, 282-284, 314, 315, 354, 356 Rural population 44 School attendance 76, 78, 84, 85, 243, 273, 274, 281 Schools 281 Sex 45,164,168,172,178,188,197, 216-219, 241, 253-255, 266, 273, 274, 281, 282-284, 314, 315, 346, 350, 351 Sugar cultivation and production. (See references under Sugar.) Tobacco cultivation and production. (See references under Tobacco.) Urban population 44 Water supply sources 107, 339 Guayama district 79, 156, 160, 166, 168, 171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 373 Guayanilla district 156,162,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 380 Guazo, Mateo de (Governor) 384 Guzman, Juan Perez de (Governor) 383 H. Habeas corpus, authorized 21 Hall, A. D 386 Halstead, Murat 386 Hamm, M. A 386 Harbors 11 Haro, Juan de (Governor) 383 Hatillo district 156,158,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 369 Hato Grande district (see San Lorenzo district) 41 Health, board of, organized 21 Henriquez, Enrique (Governor) 383 Henry, Maj. Gen. Guy V., Military Governor 21, 72, 386 Hernandez, Eicardo, report on sugar cultivation 129 coffee 118-125 supervisor Bayamon department 361 Hill, R.T 356 History (see also List of Governors, pages 382-385) 13-18 8490—00 26 402 INDEX. Page. History of coffee cultivation 125 education 71 the insular government 18-21 tobacco cultivation 141 Hogs 358-300 Hollerith, Herman 38 contract for tabulating 381, 382 Hormigueros district 156, 161, 166, 168, 171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 376 Horses 146,358-360 Humacao, city, population 163 Humacao department: Age 172, 179, 190, 220-223, 241, 255-257, 266, 274, 275, 316, 317 adults by nativity and race 63 median 47 population under fifteen years 53 Animals 358,360 Area cultivated 149, 352 in farms 352 forests - - 352 principal crops 357 Birthplace 185, 188 Births by years 112, 346 Conjugal conditions 194, 197, 220-223 ratio of married 68 Deaths by years 112, 351 Density of population 42 Distilleries, number and capacity 155 Dwellings 103 average number of occupants 103, 104 number of unoccupied 104 ratio to families 105 Education 243, 266 Excreta, disposition of Ill, 343 Families, ratio to dwellings _ 105 size of 99-101,335 Farms, area 352 average size of 149 principal crops 357 tenure 150,151,354,356 Forestarea 352 Garbage disposal 341 Illegitimates _ 241 Literacy 64, 73, 190, 243, 255-257 Literates over 10 years of age 79 Live stock 358,360 Marriages by years 113 348 Marriage rate 117 Nativity 164, 170, 179, 190, 197, 220-223, 241, 255-257, 266, 282-284, 316, 317 Occupations 87,282,316,317,326,327 Population, increase of 41 total 156 Race 59,63,164,170,179,188,190, 197, 220-223, 241, 255-257, 266, 274, 275, 281, 282-284, 316, 317, 354, 356 INDEX. 403 Humacao department— Continued. Rural population ^ School attendance 76,78,84,85,243,274,275,281 Schools 281 Sex 45,164,168,172,179, 188, 197, 220-223, 255-257, 266, 274, 275, 281, 282-284, 316, 317, 346, 351 Sugar, cultivation and production of. (See references under Sugar.) Tobacco, cultivation and production of. (See references under Tobacco.) Urban population 44 Water-supply sources 107 339 Humacao district 156,160,166,166,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 Humidity 13 Hungary, percentage of unmarried '..'. gg Hurricane, consequences of 9 of 1899 ."."."""."!.'."!;."l7,l» Hurricanes 147 I. Illegitimates 240-243 Illiteracy, discussion of tables 78-83 of males over 21 years 190-193 Inclan, Miguel de la "Vega (Governor) 385 Indebtedness, municipal, amount of 17 Indians, Caribs 26 characteristics and customs 23 Insular policy, board of, organized 21 Insurrections 15 Intendancy 19 established 16 Interest, rates prevailing 17 Internal revenue, bureau of, organized 21 Ireland, proportion of unmarried 66 Irving, Washington 386 Isabela district 156,157,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 243, 284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 366 Islets 12 Italy, proportion of unmarried .- 66 Izquierdo, Rafael (Governor) 384 J. Jails 23 Jamaica, per cent of colored population 56, 57 Juana Diaz, city, population 163 Juana Diaz district 156,162,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 380 Judicial board, organized 2 1 Judiciary 22 Juncos, city, population I 63 Juncos district 156,160,166,168,171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 374 L. Labra, Rafael M. de - 386 city, population 1° 3 404 INDEX. Page. i district 156,161,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 377 Lando, Francisco Manuel de (Governor) 383 Lares, city, population 163 Lares district 156,157,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 243, 284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 367 Las Marias district 156,161,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 378 Laws governing the census 361-365 Lebron, Geronimo (Governor) 383 Leeward Islands, percentage of colored population 56, 57 proportion of unmarried 66 Lemery, Jos6 (Governor) 384 Life tables, Farr's (English) 49 Literacy and age 81,82,190-193,243-245,245-265 citizenship 62-65 education 243-245,330,331 nativity 190-193,245-265 occupations 330, 331 race 82,190-193,245-265 school attendance 243-245 sex 82,190-193,245-265,330-331 discussion of tables 72, 78-83 precautions in determining 9 tables from early censuses 33, 36 tests adopted in Porto Eico 9 Live stock 146 by kind of animals : : '. 358-360 Loaysa, Licentiate Cervantes de (Governor) ;. 383 Loiza district 156, 159, 164, 168, 170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 372 Loiza River 11 Lugo, Francisco Bahamonde (Governor) 383 Luquillo district 41 M. Macias y Casado, Manuel (Governor) 385 Macomb, Capt. A. C, disbursing officer 365 Malangas, area cultivated in 356, 357 Manati, city, population 163 Manati district 156, 158, 164, 168, 170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 369 Mansfield, Maj. F. W., disbursing officer 365 Marchesi, Jos6 Maria (Governor) 384 Maricao, city, population 163 Maricao district 156,161,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 378 Marin, Sabas (Governor) 385 Marquis of Spain (Governor) 384 Married (see also Conjugal condition) 68, 194-239 Marital condition. (See Conjugal condition. ) Marriage (see also Conjugal condition): discussion of existing conditions 117 ratios 117 INDEX. 4Q5 Marriages by years 5f' and by districts 348 349 Martinique, proportion of unmarried ' g6 Maunabo, city, population lfi o Maunabo district '{£, '{eo, im, 168, 171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 Mayaguez city: A S e 79,173,183 Birthplace 186189 Conjugal condition _ 19 g ^ 9 g Dwellings, average number of occupants 103 104 ratio to families 105 Excreta, disposition of m y\2 344 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 Garbage disposal HO 342 Literates over 10 years of age 79 ratios 74 Nativity 166,183,198 Population Ig3 Race 166,183,189,198 School attendance 76 Sex : 166,173,183,189,198 Water-supply sources 109,340 Mayaguez department: Age 172,180, 190, 224-227, 242, 257-259, 267, 275, 276, 318, 319 adults by nativity and race 63 median 47 population under 15 years 53 Animals 358,360 Area cultivated 149, 352 in farms 352 forests 352 principal crops 357 Birthplace 185,188 Births by years 112,346 Conjugal conditions 194,198,224-227 ratio of married 68 Deaths by years 112, 351 Density of population 42 Distilleries, number and capacity 155 Dwellings ' ---- 103 average number of occupants 103, 104 number of unoccupied - 104 ratio to families 105 Education 243,267 Excreta, disposition of - - m> 343 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 size of 99-101,335 Farm area 352 crops, principal 357 tenure 150,151,355,356 Farms, average size of 149 Forest area 352 Garbage disposal 341 406 INDEX. Mayaguez department — Continued. Page. Illegitimates 242 Literacy 64,73,74,190,243,257-259 Literates over 10 years of age 79 Live stock 358, 360 Marriages by years 113, 348 Marriage rate 117 Nativity 164, 170, 180, 190, 198, 224-227, 242, 257-259, 267, 282-284, 318, 319 Occupations 87,282,318,319,326,327 ratios 87,88 Population, increase of 41 total 156 Race 59,63,164,170,180,188,190, 198, 224-227, 242, 257-259, 267, 275, 276, 281, 282-284, 318, 319, 355, 356 Rural population 44 School attendance 76,78,84,85,243,275,276,281 Schools 281 Sex 45,164,168,172,180,188, 198, 224-227, 242, 257-259, 267, 275, 276, 281, 282-284, 318, 319, 346, 351 Sugar, cultivation and production of. (See references under Sugar.) Tobacco, cultivation and production of. (See references under Tobacco. ) Urban population 44 Water-supply sources 107, 339 Mayaguez district 79,156,161,1*6,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 376 Median age 46-48 Melendez, Diego (Governor) 383 Melendez, Salvador (Governor) , 384 Melgarejo, Juan (Governor) 383 Mendizabal, Jose 1 (Governor) 384 Mendoza, Cristobal de (Governor) 382 Mercado, Alonso (Governor) 383 Messina, Felix Marfa de (Governor) .., 384 Mexico, proportion of unmarried 66 revenues paid to Porto Rico 16 Miles, Maj.-Gen. , N. A 15 Mineral resources 13 Mirasol, Count (Governor) 384 Moca, city, population 163 Moca district 79,156,157,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 243, 284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 366 Mona Island 12 enumerated with Mayaguez 361 Mona Passage H 12 14 Montes, Toribio de (Governor) 384 Morales, Luis Munoz, supervisor Guayama department 361 Moredo, Francisco (Governor) , 384 Moreno, Pedro (Governor) 382 Morla, Juan (Governor) 384 Morovis, city, population 163 Morovis district 156, 15M64" 168, 170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 369 Morovis River jj 382 Moscoso, Commander (Governor) INDEX. 407 Page. Mota, Inigo de la (Governor) 3g 4 Muesas, Miguel de (Governor) 384 Mules 358-360 Municipal government 21 Munoz, Andres Gonzalez (Governor) 3g5 N. Naguabo city 163 Naguabo district 156, 160, 166, 169, 171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 376 Nanglares, Domingo (Governor) 384 Naranjito district 79, 156, 159, 164, 168, 170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 Nativity and age 174-185, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 306-325 citizenship 62-65 conjugal condition 196-199, 200-239 education '. 265-267 literacy 82, 245-265 occupations '. 94, 306-325, 327, 328 race 164-169, 174-185, 196-199, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 306-325, 327, 328 sex 164-171, 174-185, 196-199, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 306-325, 327, 328 discussion of tables 62, 82, 94 earlier censuses 32-35 percentage of foreign born 62 (see also Birthplace.) Naval tribunal 19 Navarroa, Jps6 (Governor) 384 Negroes (see also references under Race) : History of, in Porto Rico 30-32 Importation of 30 Percentage of 60 Slave and free 31 Tables from earlier censuses 32-34 Total colored population at different periods 30 Total number of slaves "> Netherlands, proportion of unmarried ™ New Zealand, proportion of unmarried Norzagary, Fernando de (Governor) 66 384 O. 383 386 Obando, Francisco de (Governor) Ober, F. A Occupations and age 89,90-92,306-325,328,329 birthplace 333,334 conjugal condition - - f.f cation ::::.. 3 30 ; 331 S ;;;::::::::::::. 94,306-325,327,328 race y " " ". . . 92-94, 282-305, 306-325, 327, 328 sex " 88,90,94,96,282-305,306-325,327-334 sex 282-305,326,327 by departments ' 2g2 _ 305 districts 408 INDEX. Page. Occupations by groups 95-97, 282-305 discussion of tables 86-97 of earlier censuses 34 in detail, by departments 326, 327 Orders directing the taking of the census 361-365 O'Reylly, Governor, estimate of tobacco production 144 Orography 1 1 Ortega, Eicardo (Governor) 385 Ovando, Nicolas de 13, 14 Oxen -- 358-360 P. Palacio, Eomualdo (Governor) 385 Pareja, Agustin (Governor) 384 Patillas, city, population 163 Patillas district 156,160,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 Pavia, Julian Juan (Governor) 385 Pefiuelas city, population 163 Penuelas district 156,162,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 380 Pezuela, Juan de la (Governor) 384 Pezuela,N 386 Perez, Jose Lasso (Governor) 385 Peso, value of 17 Plantations, area 146 number 146 (see also references under Farms. ) Piedras district 79,156,160,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 Pigs 358-360 Planella, Senor, report on tobacco. 141 Plower, J. Martfnez (Governor) 385 Ponce city: Age 173, 184, 232-235, 242, 261-263, 267, 278, 279, 324, 325 Areas, farm 353 Birthplace 186, 189 Conjugal condition 195, 199, 232-235 Dwellings, average number of occupants 103, 104 ratios to families : 105 Education 267 Excreta, disposition of Ill, 112, 344 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 Farm areas 353 Garbage, disposal 110, 342 Illegitimates 242 Literacy, by race and nativity 65, 261-263 ratios 74 Literates over 10 years of age 79 Nativity 166, 184, 199, 232-235, 242, 261-263, 267, 322, 323 Occupations 322, 323 Population Ig3 Race 166, 184, 189, 199, 232-235, 242, 261-263, 267, 278, 279, 322, 323 index. 409 Ponce city — Continued. School attendance yy 27g 279 ratios ' 76 Settlement of ^ 6 Sex 166, 169, 173, 184, 189, 199, 232-235, 242, 261-263,267, 278, 279, 322, 323 Surrender to General Miles 15 Water-supply sources ^09 340 Ponce Department: Age 172, 181, 190, 228-231, 242, 259-261, 267, 276-278, 320, 321 adults, by nativity and race 63 median 47 population under 15 years 53 Animals 358,360 Area cultivated 149 352 in farms 352 forests 352 principal crops 357 Birthplace _ 185-188 Births, by years 112,347 Conjugal conditions 194, 198, 228-231 ratio of married 68 Deaths, by years 1 12, 351 Density of population 42 Distilleries, number and capacity 155 Dwellings 103 average number of occupants 103,104 number of unoccupied 104 ratio to families 105 Education 243,267 Excreta, disposition of - - Ill, 343 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 size of 99-101,335 Farm area 352 principal crops 357 tenure 150,151,355,356 Farms, average size of ----- 149 Forest area 352 Garbage disposal 341 Illegitimates 242 Literacy 64,73,74,190,243,259-261 Literates over 10 years of age 79 Live stock 358, 360 Marriages, by years 113, 349 Marriage rate 117 Nativity 164, 170, 181, 190, 198, 228-231, 242, 259-261, 267, 282-284, 320, 321 Occupations 87,282,320,321,326,327 ratios 87, 88 Population, increase of 41 total 156 Race 59,63,164,170,181,188,190, 198, 228-231, 242, 259-261, 267, 276-278, 281, 282-284, 320, 321, 355, 356 Rural population 44 School attendance 76,78,84,85,243,276-278,281 Schools 281 410 INDEX. Ponce Department: Page- Sex 45,164,168,172,181,188, 198, 228-231, 242, 259-261, 267, 276-278, 281, 282-284, 320, 321, 347, 351 Sugar, cultivation and production of. (See references under Sugar.) Tobacco, cultivation and production of. (See references under Tobacco. ) Urban population 44 Water-supply sources 107, 339 Ponce district 79,156,162,166,168,171,173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 378, 379 Ponce Harbor 11 Ponce de Leon (Governor) 13,14,23,29,382 Population (see also references under Age, Birthplace, Citizenship, Conjugal condi- tion, Education, Families, Dwellings, Illegitimates, Literacy, Nativity, Occupations, Race, Sanitation, Sex, School attendance, Water-supply sources) : By departments and municipal districts 156 previous censuses 32-36, 40 wards and cities 157-163 Center of 44 method of computation 44 Density, by departments 42 districts, reference to map showing 43 Discussion of tables 40-44 Increase by decades, ratio of 40 Per square mile 42 Schedules, form adopted 36, 37 Tabulation, method employed 38, 39 Total, at different periods 40 of cities 163 departments 156 municipal districts 156 wards 157-163 Urban, discussion of tables 43 Portilla, Segundo de la (Governor) 385 Potatoes, sweet, area cultivated in 356, 357 Poultry 358-360 Prim, Juan (Governor) 384 Prison control, board of, organized 21 Prisons 23 Provincial deputation, organized and abolished 20 Public Works, Bureau of, organized 21 Pulido, Ramon Gomez (Governor) 385 Pupils. (See School attendance. ) Q. Qualifications of electors 22 Quebradillas, city, population 163 district 156,158,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 368 Queensland, proportion of unmarried 66 R. Race and age ... . 60-62, 174-185, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, '265-267, 267-280, 306-325 birthplace 187,188,189,190-193 citizenship 62-65 INDEX. 411 Page. Race and conjugal condition 65-71, 196-199, 200-239 education 265-267 farm tenure 150,355,356 literacy 80-82,190-193,245-265 nati vity 164-171, 174-185, 190-193, 196-199, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 327, 328 occupations 92,282-305,306-325,327,328 school attendance 78 267-280 sex 60,164-169,174-185,187-193, 196-199, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 267-280, 306-325, 327, 328 comparative ratios 59 61 discussion of statistics 55-62 in relation to farm products 356 357 of farm occupants 354 355 widowed 71 ratios at different periods 57 of married 69 relative longevity 61 tables from earlier censuses 32-36 Eailroads 1 2, 1 46 Rainfall 12 Ramirez, Felipe (Governor) 384 Real estate, valuation of 17 Rector 386 Repartimientos 29 Reptiles 13 Resources, mineral 13 Revenues under Spanish regime 17 Rice, area cultivated in 356, 357 Riekohl, Guillermo, supervisor Humacao department 361 Sincon, city, population 163 Rincon district 79,151,156,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 243, 284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 366 Rio Grande, city, population - 163 RioGrande district 156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 372 Rio Piedras, city, population 163 Rio Piedras district 156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 372 Rivas, Gabriel Gutierrez de (Governor) 384 Rivera, Rafael Primo de (Governor) 384, 385 Rivers - H Roads 12 > 146 Robladillo, Diego de (Governor) , 383 Robles, Antonio (Governor) 384 Robles, Juan (Governor) 384 Rojas, Gabriel de (Governor ) °°° Root, Elihu, Secretary of War --- 10 orders of - 361 - 365 Rural population, median age of S. Sabana del Palmar district (see Comerio district) * Sabana Grande, city, population 412 INDEX. Page. Sabana Grande district 156, 161, 166, 168, 171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 378 St. Vincent, percentage of colored population 51, 56 Salinas, city, population 163 Salinas district 156,160,166,168,171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 373 Salt works 16 Sampson, Rear- Admiral, W. T 15 San Domingo, revolution beneficial to Porto Rico 16 San German, city, population 163 settlement of 15 San German district * 156,161,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 300-302, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 377 San Juan Bautista, Porto Rico so named by Columbus 13 San Juan, bishop of 19 San Juan, city: Age 182,236-239,243,263-265,267,279,280,324,325 Areas, farm 353 Birthplace 189 Bombardment by American fleet 15 Burned by Drake 15 Captured by English 15 Conjugal condition 199,236-239 Dutch attack upon 15 Dwellings, average number of occupants 103, 104 ratio to families 105 Education 267 English siege of (1797) 15 Excreta, disposition of Ill, 112 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 French assault upon 15 Garbage, disposal 110 Harbor 11 Illegitimates 243 Literacy, by race and nativity 65, 263-265 ratios 74 Nativity 182, 199, 236-239, 243, 263-265, 267, 324, 325 Occupations 324, 325 Population 163 Race 182, 189, 199, 236-239, 243, 263-265, 267, 279, 280, 324, 325 Settlement of 15 Sex 182, 189, 199, 236-239, 243, 263-265, 267, 279, 280, 324, 325 "Water-supply sources 108 San Juan department {see Bayamon department) 41 San Juan district 79,156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 370 San Lorenzo, city, population 163 San Lorenzo district 156,160,166,168,171, 173, 185, 190, 195, 244, 294-296, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 374 San Sebastian, city, population 163 San Sebastian district 156,157,164,168,170,172, 185, 190, 194, 243, 284-286, 335, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 366, 367 Sanchez, Francisco (Governor)... 384 INDEX. 413 Page. Sanger, Lieut. Col. J. P., Inspector-General, U. S. A. : Appointed Director of Census 361 Contract for tabulating , 381, 382 Letter of transmittal 9 Tour of inspection 9 Sanitation, discussion of tables 102-112 disposition of excreta 343, 344 garbage 110-112,343,344 of dwellings 102 water supply 106-109, 339, 340 Santa Isabel, city, population 163 Santa Isabel district 156,162,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 380 Sanz, Jose Laureano (Governor) 385 Schedules adopted 36, 37 agriculture 147 form of school 80 School attendance and education 243-245 literacy 243-245 by age 76,243-245,267-280 classes 281 race 76,267-280,281 ratio to population . 76 sex '. 76,267-280,281 discussion of tables 75-78 schedules 83 buildings 72,84 equipment 72, 84 laws 72 seating capacity 84 system 72 Schools 71,72 by classes and departments 281 discussion of tables 71, 72, 83-86 history 71 number 281 by classes 281 private 72,84,281 public 72,84,281 religious 84 Schuyler, Capt. W. S 29 Scotland, proportion of unmarried 66 Secretary of War, letter transmitting report to 9 to commission census enumerators 361 supervisors 361 Seijo, Felix, supervisor Arecibo department 361 Serna, Manuel de la (Governor) 385 Settlements, early 14, 15 Sex and age 53-55, 172-185, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 267-280, 306-325, 328, 329 Birthplace . , 187-189, 190-193, 333, 334 Births by years and by districts 345-347 Conjugal condition 65-71, 196-199, 200-239, 240-243, 331, 332 414 INDEX. Page. Sex, deaths by years and by districts 350, 351 Education 265-267,330,331 Literacy 81,190-193,245-265,330,331 Nativity 164-169,174-185, 190-193, 196-199, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 306-325, 327, 328 Occupations 88,282-305,306-325,327-334 Race 60,164-169,174-185, 190-193, 196-199, 200-239, 240-243, 245-265, 265-267, 306-325, 327, 328 School attendance 77,267-280 Discussion of statistics 45, 46 of earlier censuses 32-36 Of teachers and pupils 84 Percentages of married 70 Ratios 46 Tables from earlier censuses 32-36 Sheep 358-360 Sierra de Cayey 11 Sierra de Luquilla 11 Silya, Agustin de (Governor) 383 Single (see Conjugal conditions) 66 Slave trade 30 Slavery '. 30 abolition of 32 Indian 29 introduction of negro : 30 Slaves 18 number shown by census 1860 32, 33 statistics regarding 30-34 Solis, Francis de (Governor) 383 Sotomayor, Cristoval de 14 Spain, natives in Porto Rico, by districts 185, 186- occupations of natives of 333, 334 sex and race of natives of 187-189 Spanish America, occupations of natives of _ 333, 334 sex and race of natives of 187-189 Stahl, Dr. Agustin 386 State and municipal affairs, bureau organized 21 Steers :'.58-360 Sugar cane, area in cultivation 153 climate requisite 130 cutting 139 description of planting 129 hilling 138 planting 135, 136 preparation of ground 133 pruning _ 138 reproduction 132 soil necessary _ 130 weeding 137 Sugar cultivation 129-141 industry, effect of depression 42 mills 155 production by years 145 INDEX. 415 Suffrage, restrictions governing 22 Supervisors of census, appointed , 361 duties of 361 Sweden, proportion of unmarried 66 Swift, Capt. Eben, disbursing officer 365 Switzerland, proportion of unmarried 66 T. Tabulating Machine Company, contract 381, 382 Tabulation, method adopted 38 Tapia y Rivera, Pedro 386 Taxation, Spanish system 15,16 Teachers, school, sex of 84 Tentor, Jos6 (Governor) 384 Temperature 12 Tenure of farms 150 Timber 352,353 varieties 12 Toa Alta district 156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 Toa Baja, city, population 163 Toa Baja, district 156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 Tobacco 141-145 area cultivated in 356, 357 cultivation 142 production by years 145 Torralbo, Francisco (Governor) 384 Torre, Miguel de la (Governor) 15, 384 Torre, Simon de la (Governor) 385 Torregrosa, Luis A. , supervisor Aguadilla department 361 Transmittal, letter of 9 Travis, Capt. P. M. , disbursing officer 365 Treaties affecting slavery 31 Trinidad, proportion of unmarried 66 Trujillo Alto, city, population 163 Trujillo Alto, district 156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 372 Turks Island, percentage of colored population 56, 57 proportion of unmarried 66 U. United States: Age ratios 48-53 Breadwinners, by age ,.., 89,90 sex 88 percentage by race 93 ratio of 86 Dwellings, ratio to families : 105 Families, ratio to dwellings 105 size of 102 Foreign-born population, ratios 62 Illiteracy, by sex 81 Married, percentage, by sex 68 416 INDEX. United States— Continued. Page- Median age 46 by race 60 Occupation, groups 95 Occupations of natives of 333, 334 Population, ratio of increase 40 urban 43 Eace ratios 56,187-189 by 5-year periods 61 of breadwinners 93 of natives in island 187-189 Sex and illiteracy 81 race of natives in island 187-189 Unmarried, percentage of 66 Unmarried (see also Conjugal condition) 66, 194, 195 by age, sex, and race 67 nativity, race, and sex 67 sex 67 sex, race, and nativity 196-199 discussion of tables 66-68 ratio to population 66 sex ratios 67 Urban population 43 median age of 47 Uriarte, Miguel 30 Ustariz, Miguel (Governor) 384 Utuado, city, population 163 Utuado district 156,158,164,168,170,172,185, 190, 194, 244, 287-289, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 367, 368, 370 V. Valle, JoseG. del 386 Vallejo, Luis de (Governor) 383 Vallejo, Dr. Antonio de la Llama (Governor) 384 Vargas, Juan de (Governor) 383 Vasco y Pascual, Juan (Governor) 384 Vega Alta, city, population 163 Vega Alta district 156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 Vega Baja, city, population 163 Vega Baja district 156,159,164,168,170, 172, 185, 190, 194, 244, 290-293, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345, 348, 350, 352, 371 Velasco, Geronimo de (Governor) 383 Vergara, Marcos de (Governor) 384 Vieques, city, population 163 Vieques district 79,156,161,166,168,171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 376 Vieques Harbor 12 Vieques Island 12 enumerated with Humacao 361 Vigo, Santiago Mendez (Governor) 384 Villaran, Diego (Governor) .- 384 Vines, Benito 386 Virgin passage 14 INDEX. 417 Vital statistics: Page. Births, by districts and years 112, 345-347 sex., 345-347 Deaths 112 by districts, by years and by sex 350, 351 Discussion of tables 112 Marriages 112 by years and by districts 348, 349 W. Wales, proportion of unmarried 66 War Department orders organizing the census 361-365 Wards. (See Barrios. ) Water-supply sources ; 106-109, 339, 340 Wealth of the island, estimate of 17 West Indies: Occupations of natives 333, 334 Belative size of islands 42 Sex and race of natives 187-189 Widowed (see also Conjugal condition) 66, 71, 194-239 Willcox, WalterF 10 Wives. (See Conjugal condition. ) X. Xuarez, Pedro (Governor) 383 Y. Yabucoa, city, population 163 Yabucoa district 156, 161, 166, 168, 171, 173, 186, 192, 195, 244, 297-299, 337, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 351, 353, 375 Yams, area cultivated in 356, 357 Yauco, city, population 163 Yauco district 156,162,166,168,171,173, 186, 192, 195, 245, 303-305, 338, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 380, 381 Z. Zulueta, Manuel Delgado (Governor) 385 8490—00 27 o