ar V 
 14394 
 
Dttjaca, Hew fork 
 
Cornell University Library 
 
 arV14394 
 
 English derivatives; 
 
 3 1924 031 321 080 
 oiin,anx 
 
The original of tliis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 924031 321 080 
 
ENGLISH DEKIVATIVES 
 
 A PRACTICAL 
 
 CLASS BOOK 
 
 BY 
 
 B. K. BENSON 
 
 D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 
 BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 
 
Copyright, 1916, 
 By D. C. Heath & Co. 
 
 IL5 
 
INTRODUCTORY NOTES 
 
 1. The grading necessarily destroys alphabetical order; 
 an index, however, provides for the finding of a root-word 
 at the head of its section. See pages 161-166. 
 
 2. The work demanded at the close of each section should 
 be done in writing. Oral work in great variety may be 
 had in the recitation period. A fine interest accompanies 
 the discussion of many words which depart in meaning 
 from their etymology. The book yields to the teacher's 
 right, in such work, to provide all the value of freshness. 
 
 3. The meaning of a common prefix or suffix is readily 
 found by means of the list on pages 157-160. For example, 
 section 19 refers to -ant as a suffix, -ile as a suffix, and com- 
 as a prefix. Each of these affixes is given in its alpha- 
 betical position in the Index. The teacher may, if he sees 
 fit, improvise much more work of this sort. For instance, 
 in the same section 19, the suffixes -er and -al appear in- 
 corporated in the words mercer and commercial. These 
 suffixes have already been noted, -er in section 3, and -al 
 in sections 14 and 15; so that the teacher will be justified 
 in developing oral or written work upon them. 
 
 4. Many references are made to numbered sections. In 
 section 2, the figures 203, following the word utensil, tell 
 the pupil to go forward to section 203, where he finds that 
 utensil is derived from usus, and finds also other members of 
 the family. Almost all such cases concern words that are 
 treated subsequently; the teacher will find large oppor- 
 tunity to make his own demand that words previously 
 treated be retained by the pupil. 
 
iv INTRODUCTION 
 
 5. Part Two contains demands upon the pupil to show 
 the derivation of important words used in defining. In 
 section 276, reference help has already been given upon the 
 words opera and defame; the word published may cause 
 work, but the pupil who has previously learned the close 
 relation of the words publish, public, people, populous 
 (section 61), will have little difficulty in running down the 
 root word populus in the Index. Such work may be ex- 
 tended at the will of the teacher. 
 
 6. The pressure of English pronunciation has largely in- 
 fluenced the division of the root-words into syllables. In 
 spelling and pronunciation, as well as derivation, the 
 authority which, by its recent etymologies, has most aided 
 in compihng the lessons of this little book, is Webster's New 
 International Dictionary. If possible, a copy of that great 
 work should be within reach of every pupil. 
 
 In revising the manuscript and reading the proofs valuable 
 assistance has been rendered by various competent critics 
 whose modesty does not permit the mention of their names 
 in connection with this cordial acknowledgment of their aid. 
 
KEY TO THE PEONUNCIATION 
 
 Sounds of the Marked Vowels 
 
 Long Sounds Short Sounds 
 
 a, as in bay a, as in bat 
 
 e, as in me e, as in met 
 
 i, as in bite i, as in bit 
 
 6, as in no 6, as in not 
 
 u, as in hue u, as in hut 
 
 y, as in my f, as in myth 
 
 Other Vowel Sounds 
 
 S, as in bare I, as in sir 
 
 a, as in arm y = i, as in myrrh 
 
 k, as in ask 6, as in nor 
 
 8, as in ball 6, as in dove 
 
 ?, as in what o, as in move 
 
 6 = fi, as in there fi, before r, as in burn 
 
 e = a, as in fete u, after r, as in rude 
 
 e, as in her u, as in full 
 
 i = e, as in machine 
 
 Unmarked Vowels in Accented Syllables 
 
 Note . — In difficult words, the vowel sounds are marked. Unmarked 
 vowels are used only in well-known words. 
 
 At the end of an accented syllable any unmarked vowel is 
 long, as in ma' son, me' ter, mi' ner, mo' ment, mu' sic, my. 
 
 In an accented syllable ending in a consonant, or consonant 
 sound, the unmarked vowel is short, as in bat' ter, bet' ter, bit' ter, 
 blot' ter, but' ter, re lapse', in tense'. 
 
 Exceptions 
 
 unmarked a = a, as in arm 
 " e = e, as in her 
 Before r in the same accented " i = i, as in sir 
 
 syllable " o = 6, as in corn 
 
 " u = fl, as in burn 
 " y = y, as in myrrh 
 
VI ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 Unmarked Vowels in Syllables not Accented 
 
 Any unmarked vowel which is itself a syllable has an obscure 
 sound, as a in a glow', e in e vent', o in par' o dy, u in reg' u lar, etc. 
 
 At the end of an unaccented syllable the unmarked vowel or 
 diphthong has an obscure sound, as a in ma chine', e in de part', 
 i in di lute', o in ro bust', u in mas' cu line (obscure long u), and 
 in the terminations y, ty, ly, ley. 
 
 Within an unaccented syllable, ending in a consonant sound, 
 the unmarked vowel, when rapidly uttered, has its obscure 
 sound, as a in vi' tal, e in la' bor er, o in fa' vor, etc. If the full 
 and slow utterance be given, the vowel has a more distinct 
 sound. 
 
 Silent Vowels 
 
 Unmarked e is silent at the end of a monosyllable or syllable 
 containing another vowel, as in therefore, hope, strive, active, etc., 
 and in any word made by adding s or c? to such monosyllable, as 
 hopes, hoped, strives. 
 
 Unmarked e is silent in the terminations ble, cle, die, fie, gle, 
 pie, etc., and in their forms made by adding s or d, as in multiple, 
 manacles, mangle, bundled. 
 
 Diphthongs, Etc. 
 
 Diphthongs and triphthongs take the sound of the marked 
 vowel, all the others being silent. 
 
 beauty = buty; search = serch; courage = curage; guide = 
 gid; rein = ran. 
 
 Uninarked : 
 
 ai, ay, ey = a, as in straight, hay, they. 
 
 ee, ea = e, as in see, sea. 
 
 ew = u; after r or s, ew = \i, as in drew, sewer. 
 
 oa = 6, as in road, load, oar. 
 
 00 = u, as in full, or oo, as in book. 
 
 ous = us, as in studious, enormous. 
 
 au, aw = aw in fawn, au in haul. 
 
 ou, ow = ou in foul, ow in fowl. 
 
 oi, oy = oi in oil, oy in boy. 
 
 ia, io, ie, = ya, yo, ye, as in poniard, postilion, ingenious. 
 
 ue = we, as in desuetude. 
 
KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION vil 
 
 Marked Consonants 
 
 €, hard, as in cat 5, soft, as in face 
 
 eh, hard, as in chasm fh = sh, as in 
 
 § = z, as in ease G, g, hard, as in Gertrude, get 
 
 §u = zhu, su = shu G, g, soft, as in George 
 
 "Ui, soft, as in then ? = gz 
 
 2 = zh S = ng, as in linger, link 
 
 Unmarked Consonants 
 
 c, unmarked, is hard at the end of a syllable. 
 
 ch, unmarked, as in chain. 
 
 c and g, unmarked, are hard before a, o, u. 
 
 c and g, unmarked, are soft before e, i, y. 
 
 th, unmarked, as in thin. 
 
 wh, unmarked, as in when. 
 
 ph, unmarked = f. 
 
 gu, unmarked = gw. 
 
 gue, unmarked = g. 
 
 qu, unmarked = kw. 
 
 que, unmarked = k. 
 
 In the unmarked combinations, ce, ci, se, si, sci, ti, followed 
 by a vowel, c, s, sc, and t have the force of sh, as in ocean, ap- 
 preciate, commercial, ingratiate, martial, factious, militia, nausea, 
 conscious. 
 
 Before n in the same syllable g or k is silent, as in sign, knowl- 
 edge. 
 
 The digraph gh is silent, as in twilight, thorough. 
 
 A consonant through which a line is drawn is silent, as plumy, 
 condemf,. 
 
ENGLISH DEEIYATIYES 
 
 PART ONE 
 
 1. The prefix re-, again; back. 
 
 re call', to call back; to re- re claim', to claim again. 
 
 member. re fit', to fit, or furnish, again, 
 
 re fresh', to make fresh again. reform', to form anew; to 
 re bound', to bound back. amend. 
 
 a. Write sentences illustrating the use of the words defined. 
 6. Write definitions of: rejoin, replant. 
 
 c. Write three other words with the prefix re-. 
 
 d. Write three words beginning with re- not used as a prefix. 
 
 2. The suffix -er, that which, or the thing which. 
 
 grind' er, that which grinds. cook' er, a utensil (203) with 
 
 grat' er, an instrument (324) which to cook (536). 
 
 for grating. heat' er, that which heats. 
 
 a. Write illustrative sentences. 
 
 6. Write definitions of: boiler, burner, broiler, freezer. 
 
 c. Write other words having the suffix -er. 
 
 d. Write other words ending in -er not used as a suffix. 
 
 3. -er, one who. 
 
 teach' er, one who teaches. speak' er, one who speaks. 
 
 farm' er, one who farms. hear' er, one who hears. 
 
 a. Write sentences. 
 
 6. Write definitions of: shoemaker, buyer, seller, laborer, 
 c. Write other words and definitions. 
 1 
 
ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 plumjiC er, a worker in lead, 
 
 as waterpipes of lead or 
 
 iron. 
 plum]<' ing, working ia lead, 
 
 as waterpipes. 
 pltunli, straight down, as a 
 
 cord with a leaden weight 
 
 at the lower end. 
 plunge, to rush; to thrust; 
 
 to dive, as with the sudden 
 
 rush of lead falling into 
 
 water. 
 
 4. plum' bum, lead. 
 
 plumj^" line', a line or cord 
 with a weight at one end. 
 Amos, vii : 7. 
 
 plumji" bob', a weight, as of 
 lead, at the end of a plumb- 
 line. 
 
 plum' met, a sinker; a small 
 weight, as of lead, {-et, S. 
 See 6.) Zech. iv : 10. 
 
 pitun ba' go, black-lead, or 
 graphite; the lead wort 
 plant. 
 
 a. Write illustrative sentences. 
 
 6. Use in sentences: plunging, plunged. 
 
 5. twi-, two; double. 
 
 twice, two times. 
 
 twi" light', daylight before 
 
 sunrise and after sunset. 
 twin, two; one of two. 
 twain, two, as used in poetry. 
 
 twine, to make double, as 
 
 thread, 
 twist, to join, as two threads 
 
 by twining together. 
 twill, to weave in a certain 
 
 way. 
 
 a. Write illustrative sentences. 
 
 6. Use in sentences: entwine (en-, P.), untwist (ure-, P.). 
 
 6. -et, -let, diminutive, or lessening, as in streamlet, 
 a small stream. 
 
 cds' ket, a small box for 
 
 jewels; a coffin. 
 pock' et, a little poke, or bag. 
 brace' let (F., bra$, the arm), 
 
 an armlet; an ornament 
 
 for the arm. 
 cir' clet, a little circle. 
 
 lock' et, a small lock; a 
 
 jewel case. 
 ea' glet, a young eagle. 
 bil' let, a note, or short 
 
 letter. 
 bal'let {h&V -a'), a kind of 
 
 dance. 
 pel' let, a little ball. 
 
 a. Write illustrative sentences. 
 6. Use: plummet (4), islet, leaflet. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 7. dis-, in opposition; reverse; not. 
 
 dis plea§e', to make angry; 
 
 to offend. [to agree. 
 
 dis' a gree", to refuse or fail 
 
 dis' o bey", to refuse to obey; 
 
 to transgress a comnjand. 
 
 a. Write illustrative sentences. 
 
 6. Write other words and definitions. 
 
 c. Write other words beginning with dis- not a prefix 
 
 dis hon' est, not honest. 
 dis or' der, lack of order; 
 confusion. [opposite of. 
 dis' be lieve", to believe the 
 dis place', to put out of place. 
 
 8. -eer, -ier, ■ 
 
 moun' tain eer", one who 
 dwells in the mountains. 
 
 gra' zier, one who grazes 
 cattle. 
 
 saw' yer, one who saws, as 
 wood. [man. 
 
 can' non eer", an artillery- 
 
 -yer, -or, one who. 
 
 far' ri er, a horse-shoer; one 
 who works in iron (L. fer- 
 rum, iron) . [or rules. 
 
 gov' er nor, one who governs 
 
 ac' tor, one who acts; a doer. 
 
 gla' zier, one who works in 
 glass. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: lawyer, sailor, charioteer. 
 
 9. banc, a bench. 
 
 bank, a ridge of earth; a 
 
 bench or table used by a 
 
 money-lender. 
 ban quette' (bang' ket"), a 
 
 low ridge, or bank, as the 
 
 side-walk. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ban' quet, a feast. 
 
 bench, a long seat. 
 
 em bank' ment, a bank, dike, 
 
 or earthwork, (-ment, S.) 
 bank' er, a money-lender; one 
 
 whose business is banking. 
 
 6. Show relation between banquet and bench. 
 
 un wor' thy, not worthy. 
 
 un nej' es sa ry, not neces- 
 sary. 
 
 un com' mon, not common. 
 
 im prop' er, not proper; 
 wrong. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 10. un-, im-, in-, not. 
 
 im mor' tal, not mortal; un- 
 dying. /. Tim. i : 17. 
 
 in ac' tive, not active; idle. 
 
 in de pend' ent, not depend- 
 ent; free, {-ent, S.) 
 
 in sane', not sane; demented. 
 
 b. Write four other words beginning with the prefix un-, 
 
4t ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 11. -ly, like; having the nature of. 
 
 man' ly, firm; like a man. frignd' ly, like a friend; kind, 
 
 worn' an ly, hefittiag a wo Idve'ly, worthy of love; beau- 
 man, tiful; charming. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: beastly, earthly, priestly, heavenly. 
 
 c. Write words ending in -ly not a suffix. 
 
 12. -ly, in a manner (adverbial), 
 wige' ly, in a wise manner. just' ly, in a just manner. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: greatly, honestly, rightly, fairly, fully, freely. 
 
 13. ar' cus, a bow; an arc. ar' ca, an arch. 
 
 arc, part of a circle. arch, a structure (324) with 
 
 arch' er, a bowman. a curve in form like an arc, 
 
 arch' er y, shooting with the or rainbow. 
 
 bow and arrow, {-ery, S.) ark, a chest, coffer, or other 
 
 bois d'arc {bwah dare), a tree; enclosed vessel. Gen. vi : 
 
 the osage orange tree (F. 15. 
 
 bois, wood, d'are, of the ar cade', a succession of 
 
 bow). arches. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 14. ar' ma, arms; weapons. 
 
 ar' mor er, a maker of weap- ar' ma ment, a force for war; 
 
 ons or armor. weapons, as of a ship. 
 
 ar' mor y, a place where ar' mi stice (158), an agree- 
 
 weapons are kept. ment to cease fighting; a 
 
 ar mo' ri al, relating to armor. truce. 
 
 i-al, S.) ar ma' da, a fleet of war- 
 
 ships. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: arms, army, disarm, unarmed, armor. 
 
 15. flos, a flower, fio re' re, to flourish. 
 
 flow' er, the blossom of a F16r' ence, a city; a proper 
 plant. name. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 flow' er et, a little flower, 
 flo' ral, relating to flowers. 
 
 {-al, S.) 
 flo' rist, one who cultivates, 
 
 or deals in, flowers, {-ist, 
 
 s.) 
 
 flo" ri cul' ture, cultivation 
 
 (127) of flowers. 
 flo' ra, the various plants and 
 
 flowers of a country. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Show relation between flour 
 
 flfir' in, a coin (first made at 
 Florence). 
 
 fl6r' id, flowery; highly col- 
 ored, {-id, S.) 
 
 flour, the meal of wheat or 
 other grain. 
 
 floiir' ish, to bloom; to grow; 
 to prosper, {-ish, S.) 
 
 ef flo r6sce", to flower; to 
 blossom, {-esce, S.) 
 
 and flower. 
 
 16. cap' pa, a hood; a covering. 
 
 cap, a head-covering. 
 
 cape, part of a cloak, with 
 
 which the neck and head 
 
 may be covered. 
 cope, a cloak; a mantle. 
 ca par' i son, a covering for 
 
 a saddle. 
 chap' let, a wreath, as of 
 
 flowers for the head. 
 
 chap' er on, a hood; an at- 
 tendant for guidance and 
 protection. 
 
 chap' el, a place of worship. 
 
 chap' Isdfn, one in charge of 
 a chapel; a clergyman. 
 
 es cape', to get away (es-. P.) 
 [L. ex, out of; cappa, a 
 covering]. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. When one escapes, from what is he covered? 
 
 17. bar' ra, a bar. 
 
 bar, that which hinders en- 
 trance; a railing, as in 
 court. 
 
 bit' ris ter, a lawyer ad- 
 mitted to plead at the bar. 
 
 dis bar', to expel from the 
 bar. {dis-. P.) 
 
 em bar' rass, to hamper; to 
 hinder. 
 
 b&r' racks, houses used as 
 lodging places for soldiers. 
 
 de bar', to hinder; to bar 
 out. (de-, P.) 
 
 em bar' go, a hindrance plac- 
 ed on anything, {em-. P.) 
 
 bSr' ri er, that which keeps 
 out, or hinders progress, 
 as a fence, etc. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Write other words that begin with the prefix dis-; with de-', 
 
 with em-. 
 
ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 18. plan' ta, a plant. 
 
 plant, any vegetable. 
 
 plant' er, one who plants; 
 
 a farmer. 
 plan ta' tion, a place for 
 
 planting; a farm, {-ation, 
 
 S.) 
 plan' tain, a kind of banana. 
 re plant', to plant again. 
 
 trans plant', to remove and 
 plant in another place. 
 {trans-, P.) 
 
 im plant', to plant, or fix, as 
 a truth in the mind, (im-, 
 
 P.) 
 sup plant', to take the place 
 of; to displace, (sup-, P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Write the meanings of the prefixes used. 
 
 c. Do implant and supplant refer to vegetables? 
 
 they refer? 
 
 To what do 
 
 19. merx, merchandise. 
 
 mar' ket, a place for trading. 
 mer' chan di§e, goods; wares. 
 mer' chant, a trader; a 
 or retail dealer. 
 
 mer' can tile, concerning 
 
 merchants or their busi- 
 ness, i-ile, S.) 
 wholesale or retail dealer. com' merce, large trade, espe- 
 
 {-ant, S.) cially trade with foreign 
 
 mer' cer, a dealer in cloth, countries, (com-, P.) 
 
 especially wool or silk com mer' cial, concerning, or 
 
 cloth. relating to, commerce. 
 
 a. Write sentences illustrating the words. 
 6. Write the meanings of the suffixes used. 
 
 20. de be' re, to owe. 
 
 de]<t, what one owes. 
 
 dejilt' less, owing nothing; 
 
 without debt, {-less, S.) 
 deb' it, to charge or enter on 
 
 a book as a debt. 
 de]zft' or, one who owes. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in de]!it' ed ness, the amount 
 I owed; a debt, (-ness, S.) 
 due, to be paid; n. a debt, 
 du' ty, what ought to be 
 done; service; payment 
 of debt. Eccles.''xn : 13. . 
 
 b. Write definitions of the following: worthless, useless, careless 
 powerless, the suffix -less. ' 
 
PART ONE 
 
 21. ven' de re, to 
 
 vend, to sell. 
 
 vend' er,^ a seller. 
 
 ven due', a public sale; an 
 
 auction, 
 vend' i ble, salable, (-ible, 
 
 s.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Write meanings of the suffixes used. 
 
 ve' nal, that can be paid for, 
 as service, or influence; 
 having a price. 
 
 ve nal' i ty, condition of be- 
 ing venal, or purchasable. 
 
 i-ity, S.) 
 
 22. bur' sa, a purse; a hide. 
 
 pflrse, a small bag, or pouch, 
 for money. 
 
 pflrs' er, a paymaster, es- 
 pecially on a ship. 
 
 btir' sat, a treasurer, as for 
 a college. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Point out prefixes; suffixes. 
 
 bgurse, a meeting place for 
 business of merchants, or 
 bankers; a market. 
 
 dis burse', to pay out. 
 
 re' im burse", to pay back; 
 to repay. 
 
 23. gyr' dan, to gird. 
 
 gird, to bind, or encircle, as 
 with a belt or girdle. John 
 xiii : 4. 
 
 girt, girded; belted. 
 
 girth, a belt, or band, as for 
 a saddle. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 gir' die, that which encircles; 
 
 a belt, or sash. 
 en gir' die, to gird; to put 
 
 a girdle on. (en-, P.) 
 gird' er, a heavy timber for 
 
 building. 
 
 b. Write words beginning with the prefix en-, as engirdle, endear. 
 24. fa' ran, to travel. 
 
 ffire, to travel; to happen 
 well or ill; to " get along." 
 
 wel" ffire', happiness; suc- 
 cess. 
 
 sea" fSr' ing, going to sea; 
 
 the business of a seaman. 
 fSr' ry, a place for crossing a 
 
 stream in a boat. 
 
 1 Vendor = vender; but vendor chiefly has legal usage, as also has 
 vendee, one to whom anything is sold. 
 
8 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 wgr" ffire', war; the carry- 
 ing on of war. 
 
 ffire' well", a leave-taking; 
 good-by. 
 
 way" fir' er, a traveler. Isa- 
 iah, XXXV : 8. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ford, a place where a road 
 passes through shallow 
 water. 
 
 th6r" ough ffire', a road or 
 passage entirely through, 
 or unobstructed (324). 
 
 6. Show the difference between a ferry and a ford. 
 25. ba tu e' re, to strike; to beat. 
 
 bat tie', a general struggle 
 between armies. 
 
 com' bat, a fight; a battle 
 between small forces, or 
 parts of armies. 
 
 em bat' tie, to draw up forces 
 for battle. 
 
 bat tal' ion, a body of sol- 
 diers; four companies. 
 (U. S.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: battle-ax, battlement, 
 
 with re- 
 
 bat' ter, to beat 
 peated blows. 
 
 bat' ter y, a group of guns. 
 
 bat' tue", a beating of woods 
 for game by many persons 
 acting together. 
 
 a bate', to lessen; originally 
 to beat down, (a-, P.) 
 
 de bate', to contend, espe- 
 cially by argument. 
 
 battleship. 
 
 26. fen' de re, to ward off; to strike. 
 
 de fend', to protect; to up- 
 hold. 
 
 of fend', to displease; to make 
 angry, (of-, for ob. P.) 
 
 de fen' sive, serving to de- 
 fend; with purpose to de- 
 fend, (-ive, S.) 
 
 of fen' sive, making attack; 
 giving offense. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: defense, offense, fend, 
 
 fence, to guard; to fight 
 skillfully, as with swords. 
 
 fenc' er, one who fences, as 
 with swords. 
 
 fenc' ing, the art or practice 
 of using the sword in at- 
 tack or defense. 
 
 fend' er, any device for ward- 
 ing off injury. 
 
 defendant, manifest (173). 
 
 27. tra' de re, to betray. 
 
 trai' tor, one who betrays a 
 trust. 
 
 trai' tor ous, like a traitor; 
 relating to a traitor. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 9 
 
 be tray', to falsely give up, 
 as to an enemy; to sur- 
 render basely. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: treasonable, betrayal, traitorously. 
 
 trea' §on, betrayal of trust; 
 treachery; maJdng war upon 
 one's own country. 
 
 28. va' de re, to go. 
 
 in vade', to go in, especially 
 
 in order to injure, (in-, P.) 
 e vade', to shun; to get away, 
 
 as from an argument, (e-, 
 
 P.) 
 6 va' §ion, act of shunning. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: invader, invasion. 
 
 c. Give meanings of prefixes and suflBxes. 
 
 6 va' sive, given to evasion. 
 per vade', to go through, or 
 
 spread, as odor through a 
 
 room, (per-, P.) 
 per va' sive, spreading 
 
 through, (rive, S.) 
 
 29. ban, an edict; a curse. 
 
 ban' dit, a highway robber; 
 one of a band of robbers. 
 
 ban' dit' ti, the plural of ban- 
 dit. 
 
 ban' ish, to drive legally 
 (225) from one's country. 
 
 ban' ish ment, legal act of 
 driving from the country. 
 
 a ban' don, to give up en- 
 tirely; to quit; to forsake. 
 
 con' tra band, unlawful; pro- 
 hibited in war, as certain 
 articles of commerce, {cori- 
 tra-, P.) 
 
 ban, a pubUc prohibition; an 
 edict; a curse. 
 
 a. Use in sentences: bandit, abandonment, contraband of war. 
 6. Show relation between banish and contraband. 
 
 30. sal' vus, safe. 
 
 sal va' tion, freedom from 
 danger, especially from ef- 
 fect of sin; act of saving. 
 (-ation, S.) 
 
 vouch safe', to be good 
 enough to grant. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use in sentences: safe, save, safety, unsafe. 
 
 sav' ior, one who saves; es- 
 pecially the Savior of the 
 world. 
 
 sal' vage, payment for sav- 
 ing goods in wrecks, {-age, 
 
 s.) 
 
10 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 31. fir' mus, strong; stable. 
 
 finn, solid; strong; steady. 
 in firm', feeble; weak in body 
 
 or mind, 
 in fir' mi ty, weakness, as 
 
 from disease or old age. 
 
 i-ity, S.) 
 firm' ness, strength; the 
 
 state of being firm, (-ness, 
 
 S.) 
 
 af firm', to declare as a fact; 
 to assert, (ctf-, P.) 
 
 con firm', to strengthen be- 
 lief; to make firm what 
 was doubtful, {con-, P.) 
 
 con' fir ma" tion, the act of 
 confirming; a religious rite. 
 
 fir' ma ment, the sky. Ps. 
 xix : 1. 
 
 o. Use in sentences: confirmed, affirmed, reaffirmed, affirmation, 
 infirmities. 
 
 32. bas' sus, low. ba' sis (/Sdo-ts), foundation. 
 
 base, low; mean; vile (345). 
 a base', to lower; to cause 
 
 to feel disgrace; to humble. 
 de base', to make of less 
 
 value. 
 base' ment, the foundation 
 
 (163) story of a building. 
 a. Illustrate in sentences: 
 
 bass, lowest part in harmony. 
 
 bas' al, relating to the base, 
 or foundation. 
 
 bas' ic (in chemistry), serv- 
 ing as a base, (-ic, S.) 
 
 ba' sis, the foundation; the 
 base, 
 abasement, debased, basis, bass. 
 
 33. fes' tus, bright; joyful. 
 
 feast, a great dinner, or other 
 
 meal, as in public, 
 fes' tive, relating to feasts, 
 
 or merrymaking. 
 fete (fat), a feast; a holiday 
 of pleasure for the people. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Show suffixes. 
 
 fes' tal, relating to feasts, or 
 
 feast days. 
 fes' ti val, a time of rejoicing; 
 
 a feast. 
 fes tiv' i ty, an act of festive 
 
 joy. 
 
 34. gau' di um, joy. 
 gaud, a trinket; an ornament en joy', to take delight in. 
 
 re joice', to express or feel 
 joy or delight. Job viii : 21. 
 
 (93) 
 joy, delight; the feeling of 
 gladness. 
 
 0. Use in sentences: gaudy, joyous, enjoyment, rejoicing, 
 
PART ONE 
 
 11 
 
 35. angr, sorrow; anxiety, an' ge re, to distress. 
 
 as' ger, the feeling of rage, 
 or resentment. 
 
 an' gry, having anger. 
 
 ag' gri ly, in an angry man- 
 ner. 
 
 an' guish (gwish), pain; mis- 
 ery; great distress. Job 
 vii : 11. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 anx' ious (ank' shus), un- 
 easy; in painful suspense; 
 troubled with fear, as in 
 time of danger, (-ous, S.) 
 
 an' xi" e ty {ang zi), uneasi- 
 ness for fear of loss, etc. 
 
 wax' ious ly, with anxiety; 
 .uneasily. 
 
 6. Write four words showing suffix -oits. 
 
 36. a van cer {av an sa', F.), to advance, 
 a vant {av an', F.), before. 
 
 ad v&nce', to go forward. 
 van guard', a body of troops 
 
 in front, 
 van' tage, superiority (398). 
 
 ad van' tage, gain; superior 
 
 position. 
 ad' van ta" geous, helpful; 
 
 bringiug advantage. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use in sentences: disadvantage, advantageously. 
 
 37. pas' sus, a step. 
 
 pace, the length of a step in 
 walking. 
 
 pass, to go; to go beyond. 
 
 sur pass', to outdo; to excel. 
 {sur-, P.) 
 
 tres' pass, to go upon anoth- 
 er's premises wrongfully; 
 to transgress. 
 
 com' pass, to go around; to 
 encircle, (com-, P.) Job 
 xix : 6. 
 
 en com' pass, to surround. 
 
 pass' a ble, that can be pass- 
 ed. 
 
 pas' sage, a way through 
 which one may pass. 
 
 pas' sen ger, one who passes; 
 a traveler. 
 
 pass' port, written permission 
 to pass. 
 
 pass" 6' ver, a festival of the 
 Jews. Exodus xii : 11. 
 
 a. Write in sentences: 
 encompassing. 
 
 passed, surpassing, trespassed, impassable. 
 
12 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 38. ku' klos^ (ku/cXos), a circle; a ring. 
 
 cy' cle, a long period of time ; 
 
 a round; a wheel, [storm, 
 cy' clone, a whirling wind- 
 bi' cj^ cle, a vehicle with two 
 
 wheels, one behind the 
 
 other. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use in sentences: cyclonic, bicyclist, cycling 
 
 men' cy cle {mono, one; 
 
 cycle, wheel). 
 mo' tor cy cle, a bicycle with 
 
 motor-power attached. 
 tri' cj^ cle (tri, three; cycle, 
 
 wheel). 
 
 39. fu' mus, smoke. 
 
 fum' ing, smoking; heated 
 
 with anger. 
 per fume', to give out sweet 
 
 odor (365). 
 per fum' er y, that which 
 
 fume, to smoke; to be hot 
 with anger. 
 
 fu' mi gate, to smoke; to pu- 
 rify by smoking, (-ate, S.) 
 
 fu' mi ga" tion, the act of 
 purifying with smoke. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Write four words showing suffix -ate. 
 
 40. pan' de re, to spread, 
 expand', to spread out; to ex pan' sive, spreading; ca- 
 
 gives sweet odor. 
 
 swell, as iron when heated 
 {ex-, P.) [panding. 
 
 ex pan' sion, the act of ex- 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Write four words showing suflSx -ion 
 
 pable of expansion. 
 ex panse', a wide extent, as 
 of land, sea, or sky. 
 
 41. ca' pe re, to hold (356; 527). 
 
 case, a box, or chest; a 
 sheath. 
 
 cap' siile, a little case, as a 
 seed-pod; a case holding a 
 single dose of physic, {-ule, 
 
 s.) 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 cais' son, a chest of bombs 
 or powder; a wooden case. 
 
 cash, money in hand. 
 
 cash' ier, one who manages 
 (173) the cash, as in a 
 bank, etc. 
 
 b. Use in sentences; encase, case-knife, cash girl; window-siish. 
 
 ' Greek v (upsilon), when a single vowel, usually becomes y in Eng- 
 Ush derivatives from Greek roots. See 72, 459, 486, 652. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 13 
 
 42. sal, salt, sal' sa, salted. 
 
 sal' ad, a dish prepared with 
 
 raw vegetables, dressed 
 
 with salt, etc. 
 sal' a ry, amount regularly 
 
 paid for services, 
 sa' line, consistuig of salt; 
 
 having the nature of salt. 
 sauce, a salted dressing upon 
 
 food to give a relish, 
 sau' cer, a sauce dish. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use in sentences: salt, 
 
 sau' cy, bold; insolent. 
 
 sau' sage, a case fiUed with 
 meat chopped fine and 
 highly seasoned. 
 
 souse, salt pickle; meat soak- 
 ed in pickle. 
 
 sal' e ra" tus, cooking soda; 
 (aerated salt, 487). 
 
 salt pe' ter (293), the so- 
 caUed rock salt. 
 
 salt-cellar, saltish (,-^h, S.). 
 
 43. ca' vus, hollow, 
 
 cave, a hoUow place in the 
 earth; a den. 
 
 cav' em, a cave; an under- 
 ground hollow. 
 
 cav' em ous, hoUow; Uke a 
 cavern, or cave, {-oits, S.) 
 
 cav' i ty, a hollow in any- 
 thing. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 con' cave, hoUow; like the 
 inner curve of the new 
 moon. [face. 
 
 con cav' i ty, a concave sur- 
 
 ex' ca vate, to dig out; to 
 make a hoUow. 
 
 ex' ca va" tion, act of mak- 
 ing a hollow; a hoUow. 
 
 b. Write the prefixes and suffixes, and the meaning of each. 
 
 44. hal, whole 
 
 hale, healthy; strong. 
 
 heal, to cure. 
 
 health, soundness, as of body 
 
 or mind. 
 whole, well; complete; all. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use ia sentences: healthy, healthful, unholy, wholesome 
 
 (-some, S.) 
 
 ho' ly, pure; sacred. 
 
 hoi' i day, a day of rest from 
 
 work; a day of sport. 
 hal' low, to make pure or 
 
 holy. Luke xi : 2. 
 
 fort, a place made strong for 
 defense in war. 
 
 45. for' tis, strong. 
 
 force, strength used; power; 
 
 vigor. 
 
14 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 fdr ti fy, to make strong, as 
 a defense, {-fy, S.) 
 
 fdr tress, a fort; a strong 
 place. 
 
 f6r ti tude, strength to en- 
 dure pain or hardship; 
 courage, {-tude, S.) 
 
 c6m' fort, freedom from pain 
 or want. 
 
 for' ci ble, strong; powerful. 
 Job vi : 25. 
 
 en force', to compel, as to 
 enforce obedience. 
 
 ef f6rt, use of strength; at- 
 tempt; endeavor; trial. 
 
 (e/-, P.) 
 re' en force", to add force or 
 
 strength. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use in sentences: fortification, comfortable, discomfort, 
 
 46. cer' tus, sure. 
 
 as' cer tain', to make sure; 
 
 to find out. {as-, P.) 
 cer' tain, sure; beyond doubt. 
 cer tif' i cate, testimony (124) 
 
 in writing. [assurance. 
 
 cer' ti fy, to attest; to give 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Write the prefixes and suflBxes with their jignification, 
 
 47. plus, more. 
 
 cer' ti tiide, certainty; state 
 of being certain. 
 
 un cer' tain ty, lack of cer- 
 tainty; doubt. 
 
 in cer' ti tude, uncertainty; 
 state of being in doubt. 
 
 plus, more; added to. 
 pill' ral, more than one. 
 o' ver pliis, what is left over, 
 sur' plus, an overplus; ex- 
 cess. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use in sentences: plurality, e pluribus unum. 
 
 48. di vi' de re, to divide. 
 
 divide', to separate into in di vid' u al, not divided; 
 
 parts; to cause separation ' ' 
 
 (133). 
 sub' di vide", to divide again; 
 
 to divide a part, {sub-. P.) 
 di vig' i ble, that may be 
 
 divided. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Write in sentences: undivided, division, dividend, divisor 
 
 indivisible. 
 
 sur' plus age, amount df sur- 
 plus. 
 
 non' pliis, a puzzle; a full 
 stop to effort, {non, not; 
 plus, more, or further.) 
 
 a whole. 
 de vice', a contrivance; an 
 
 invention (370); a tool; a 
 
 help. 
 de vige', to contrive; to plan; 
 
 to invent. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 15 
 
 49. tri-, a prefix meaning three. 
 
 tri' cj^ cle (See 38). 
 
 tri sect', to cut into three 
 
 paxts (351). 
 tri' une, being three in one 
 
 (58). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 tri en' ni al (106), once in 
 
 three years. 
 tri' c61 or, a flag of three 
 
 colors; the French flag. 
 
 b. Use in sentences: tripod, triplet, triphthong. 
 50. nu' me rus, a number. 
 
 nu' mer ous, many. 
 
 nu mir' i cal, denoting num- 
 ber; expressed by num- 
 bers or figures, {-ical, S.) 
 
 in nu' mer a ble, too numer- 
 ous to be counted or num- 
 bered, (-able, S.) Heb. 
 xii :22. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use in sentences: number, 
 
 nu' mer al, of, or pertaining 
 to, numbers. 
 
 e nu' mer ate, to number; to 
 count off; to teU by names. 
 
 su per nu' mer a ly, one above 
 the required or usual num- 
 ber, (sup&r-, P. above; 
 numerus, mmiber.) 
 
 numerate, numerator, unnumbered. 
 
 51. Ion' gus, long. 
 
 Ion' gi tude, distance east and 
 
 west from a given meridian 
 
 (210). 
 Ion gev' i ty, long life; length 
 
 of life, 
 pro long', to lengthen; to 
 
 make longer in time or 
 
 space, {pro-, P.) 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ob' long, longer than broad; 
 n. a figure longer than 
 broad. 
 
 6 log' gate, to lengthen; to 
 draw out. 
 
 e Ion ga' tioa, act of length- 
 ening. 
 
 Itmge, to make a long thrust. 
 
 6. Use: length, lengthen, lengthening, lengthy, long, linger. 
 52. ars, skill. 
 
 art, the work of the mind or 
 
 hand; skiU. 
 art' fill, skillful; fuU of art; 
 
 cimning. {-fid, S.) 
 
 ar' ti fice, an artful act; a 
 cunning device, {ars, art; 
 facere.) {-fice, S.) 
 
 ar tif' i cer, a skilled worker. 
 
16 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 art' less, without art; simple; 
 honest. 
 
 art' ist, one skilled in art, as 
 a painter, sculptor, musi- 
 cian, etc. 
 
 ar tis' tic, relating to art; 
 highly skillful. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: artlessness, artfulness, inai-tistic, artistically, inertia, 
 
 ar ti fr cial, artfully made, 
 ar' ti gan, a mechanic; a 
 
 worker at a trade, {-an, 
 
 S.) 
 in ert', inactive (269) ; mdo- 
 
 lent (447) ; motionless 
 
 (256). 
 
 53. bre' vis, short. 
 
 brief, short; concise. 
 
 ab bre' vi ate, to shorten, as 
 words, etc. (o6-, P.) 
 
 ab bre' vi a" tion, a shorten- 
 ing, as of a word; the 
 letter or letters standing 
 for a word. 
 
 a bridge', to shorten; to use 
 fewer words, (o-, P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: unabridged, briefly, brevet, 
 
 a bridg' ment, an abridged 
 
 speech, or book, 
 bre' vi a ry, a prayer book. 
 
 i-ary, S.) 
 brev' i ty, shortness, as in 
 
 speech; small duration, as 
 
 " the brevity of life." 
 breve, a short note in music : 
 
 the mark C) over a vowel. 
 
 54. se' mi, half. 
 
 sem' i week" ly, occurring 
 twice a week, or once in 
 half a week. 
 
 sem' i cir" cle, half a circle. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 sem' i tone", half a tone, or 
 the half tone, as in music. 
 
 sem' i lu" nar (92), shaped 
 like a half moon. 
 
 6. Write words showing each suffix. 
 
 55. pars, a part. 
 
 par' ti cle, a very small part. 
 
 i-cle, 8.) 
 par' ty, a body of persons 
 
 united for taking a part 
 
 or side in a question or 
 
 contest. 
 
 com part' ment, a separated 
 part, as of a room, or chest. 
 
 de part' ment, a separate 
 part, as of a business. 
 
 pro por' tion, a share; equal- 
 ity of rate or ratio. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 17 
 
 par' ti §an, a member of a 
 party; one who is strongly 
 in favor of a cause or a 
 person. 
 par' tial, favoring one party 
 more than the other; one- 
 sided. 
 a part' ment, a room; rooms; 
 lodgings. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: part, parcel, parse, depart, departure. 
 
 c. Use: partition, impart, partake, impartial, apart. 
 
 par tic' u lar, separate; re- 
 lating not to aU, but to 
 one or a part, {-ar, S.) 
 
 por' tion, a part; a share. 
 
 coun"ter part', a part that 
 fits or corresponds; a copy. 
 {counter-, P.) 
 
 ex par' te, from one side only, 
 as ex 'parte testimony (124). 
 
 56. to' tus, the whole. 
 
 to' tal, the whole; the whole 
 
 amount. 
 to tal' i ty, the whole quan- 
 tity or sum. 
 fac to' turn (418), a servant 
 for aU work. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 h. Use: teetotal. 
 
 to' tal ly, wholly; complete- 
 ly; fuUy. 
 
 sur tgujf' {too), a loose coat 
 worn over all other gar- 
 ments. 
 
 in to' to, entirely; whoUy. 
 
 57. in' te get, whole. 
 
 en tire', whole; undiminished 
 
 (363). 
 in' te ger, a whole number, 
 in' te gral, relating to wholes, 
 
 or whole numbers. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in teg' ri ty, honesty; up- 
 rightness; wholeness of 
 character. Joh u : 3. 
 
 dis in' te grate, to come 
 apart; to come to pieces. 
 
 6. Use in sentences: entirely, entirety. 
 
 u' nit, any standard of meas- 
 ure; a single thing. 
 
 u' ni ty, oneness; the state 
 of being united, or joined 
 (392) in agreement. 
 
 u' ni fy, to cause unity; to 
 join. 
 
 58. u' nus, one. 
 
 u' na nim" i ty, agreement of 
 
 all in mind or opinion, 
 u' ni form" i ty, likeness; 
 
 sameness; regularity, 
 u' ni verse (408), all things 
 
 viewed as one system; the 
 
 whole. 
 
18 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 u' ni son, harmony; agree- 
 ment of sound. 
 unique' (rieek), alone; hav- 
 ing no equal; similar to 
 nothing. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: unite, disunite, reunite, uniform. 
 
 c. Use: universal, unanimous, union. 
 
 59. rex (regis), a king. 
 
 u' ni vSr" si ty, a great school 
 for the higher study of all 
 arts and sciences. 
 
 u' ni ta ry, relating to the 
 unit of number. 
 
 re' gal, pertaining to mon- 
 archs (544). 
 
 re ga' li a, badges or symbols 
 of authority. 
 
 rSahn, a kingdom; a coun- 
 try. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 noble; 
 
 roy' al, like a king; 
 splendid (219). 
 
 vice' roy (410), one who gov- 
 erns in place of a king. 
 
 reg' i cide (322), one who 
 kills a king. 
 
 b. Use: regally, royally, royalty, royalist. 
 
 60. a ma' re (amatum), to love. 
 
 a' mi a ble, pleasing; charm- 
 ing; lovable. 
 
 am' i ty, friendship. 
 
 am' i ca ble, friendly. 
 
 am' a teur, one who at times 
 practices an art or a craft 
 for the love of it. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: amiability, enemy, amiably, amicably. 
 
 61. pop' u lus, the people. 
 
 en am' ored, in love; charm- 
 ed. 
 
 en' mi ty, hostility; opposite 
 (360) of amity. (e?t-, for 
 in-, not.) 
 
 in im' i cal, hostile; having 
 enmity. 
 
 pub' lie, well-known; open; 
 
 opposed to private. 
 pub' li ca" tion, act of making 
 
 public. 
 pop' u lar, relating to the 
 
 people; favored by the 
 
 people. 
 pop' u lace, the people. 
 
 de pop' u late, to decrease 
 the numbers of, or deprive 
 of, people, as by war or 
 pestilence (309). 
 
 pub Up i ty, the state of being 
 public. 
 
 pub' li fist, a writer on public 
 or political affairs. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: people, publish, populous, republic, unpopular, popu- 
 
 larity. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 19 
 
 62. pi' us, devout. 
 
 pi' ous, dutiful to God; de- 
 vout; religious. 
 
 pit' y, compassion (320) ; feel- 
 ing caused by another's 
 distress (288). Prov. xix : 
 17. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pi' e ty, religion; duty to 
 God; duty to parents, as 
 filial piety, {-ty, S.) 
 
 ex' pi ate, to make satisfac- 
 tion for; to make amends; 
 to atone for. 
 
 6. Use: expiation, inexpiable, pitiable, pitiful, piteous. 
 63. ab' ba, father. 
 
 ab' bet, the chief of an abbey. 
 ab' bess, the female head of 
 
 a convent, or abbey, {-ess, 
 
 S.) 
 ab' ba cy, the estate, or term 
 
 of office, of an abbot. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ab' bej^, a convent (370), or 
 monastery; the church of 
 a monastery (551). 
 
 ab' bet ship, the state, con- 
 dition, office, etc., of an 
 abbot, {-ship, S.) 
 
 6. Write words ending with the suflBx -ship, as abbotship. 
 64. clau' de re (clausum), to shut. 
 
 ex cliide', to shut out; to 
 keep out. 
 
 in cld§e', to shut in. 
 
 in cliide', to inclose; to com- 
 prise (323). 
 
 con cliide', to decide; to end; 
 to finish (305). 
 
 pre elude', to hinder; to 
 prevent (370). {pre-, P.) 
 
 se cliide', to separate (133) ; 
 to shut up apart, (se-. P.) 
 
 clois' ter, a nunnery; a con- 
 vent; a monastery. 
 
 re cluse', one who lives apart, 
 as a hermit or monk. 
 
 re clu' §ion, retirement; se- 
 clusion; imprisonment 
 (323). 
 
 dis cloge', to uncover; to 
 show. 
 
 clauge, a short sentence; part 
 of a sentence. 
 
 a. Use: conclusive, conclusion, exclusive, exclusion, seclusion. 
 6. Use: inclusive, disclosure, inclosure, closet, close. 
 
 65. per' ta, a gate. 
 
 port, a gate; a door; a har- 
 bor. 
 
 por tiere' {tydr), a curtain, 
 used somewhat as a door. 
 
20 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 por' tal, an entrance, as a 
 gate, or door. 
 
 port cul' lis, a gate that is 
 opened and shut by rais- 
 ing it and letting it down. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 por' ter (68), a doorkeeper. 
 
 port" hole', a hole in 9 wall, 
 pierced for the use of fire- 
 arms; an embrasure, as on 
 the side of a ship. 
 
 66. ma ne' re, to remain. 
 
 man' sion, a large, fine dwell- 
 ing. 
 
 manse, a parsonage. 
 
 man' or, a landed estate (387) . 
 
 me nag' er ie (ndzh), a col- 
 lection of animals, as with 
 a circus. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 lasting; dur- 
 (334); 
 
 per' ma nent, 
 
 able (412). 
 re main', to continue 
 
 to stay; to be left. 
 rem' nant, that which is left, 
 
 as an unsold piece of cloth; 
 
 remainder. 
 
 6. Use: remainder, permanently, permanence. 
 67. ut, out. 
 
 tit' ter, complete; v. to speak; 
 
 "to disclose, 
 ut' ter ance, speech; the act 
 
 of uttering, {-ance, S.) 
 ut' ter ly, completely; thor- 
 oughly. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use; uttermost, outermost, uttered, unuttered, utmost, 
 
 68. 
 
 im ut' ter a ble, that may 
 not be uttered; unspeak- 
 able. 
 
 out, not in; opposed to in, 
 or into. 
 
 out' er, opposed to inner. 
 
 por' ter (65), 
 burdens. 
 
 por' tage, a carrying-place; 
 the act of carrying boats 
 around falls, etc. 
 
 port' a ble, that may be car- 
 ried. 
 
 de port' ment, behavior; con- 
 duct. 
 
 pur' port, meaning, as the 
 purport of a letter. 
 
 por ta' re, to carry 
 a carrier of 
 
 from 
 
 trans' port, to carry 
 
 place to place. 
 de port', to carry away into 
 
 exile. 
 p5rt fo' li o (439), a case in 
 
 which to carry papers. 
 p5rt man' teau (to), a bag or 
 
 case for carrying clothes. 
 im p6rt' ant, having serious 
 
 meaning; not petty (-ant, 
 
 s.) 
 
PART ONE 21 
 
 re port', a loud noise; an port' ly, large; fleshy; great 
 
 account of any happening. in body, as a portly man. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: export, import, transportation, reporter, importance. 
 
 69. sea' la, a ladder. 
 
 scale, to climb, by means of es' ca lade", a climbing, as 
 
 ladders. of an enemy's works, by 
 
 seal' a ble, capable of being means of ladders; act of 
 
 scaled. scaling. 
 
 o. lUustrate. 
 
 6. Write four words showing suffix -able. 
 
 c. Write four words showing suffix -ible. 
 
 70. spo' li um, spoil. 
 
 spoil, booty; plunder; pil- de spoil' er, one who plun- 
 
 lage; graft. Prov. xvi : 19. ders. 
 
 spoils' man, one who serves spo' li a" tion, the act of plun- 
 
 for spoil. dering, or pillaging; de- 
 despoil', to plunder; to take struction (324); robbery, 
 
 with violence. as in war. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Write four words showing prefix de-. 
 
 71. clas' sis, a class; a collection. 
 
 class, to arrange individual clas' si cal, relating to the 
 
 (48) persons or things into classics. 
 
 groups, or classes. clas' si fi ca" tion, the act of 
 
 clas' si fy, to arrange in arranging in classes. 
 
 classes; to class. un clas' si fied, not classed; 
 
 clas' sic, relating to the best mixed. 
 
 class of writers; relating out class', to excel; to sur- 
 
 to Greek and Latin liter- pass; to be more than a 
 
 ature (471). match for. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: clasanate, classed, classified. 
 
22 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 72. pa py'rus, L. (from G. wcarvpos), a plant. 
 
 pa' per, thin sheets used in 
 writing; anything written 
 or printed, as, " He read 
 a paper before the society"; 
 made of paper, as paper 
 currency. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pa py' rus, the paper plant, 
 
 used for making paper in 
 
 ancient times. 
 pa pier-ma che (pa pya m& 
 
 ska), a substance made of 
 
 paper pulp. 
 
 6. Use: newspaper, paper weight, paper hanger, papering. 
 
 73. vi' num, 
 
 vine, the plant that bears 
 the grape; any trailing or 
 climbing shrub. 
 
 vi gnette' {vin yet'), a small 
 picture, usually of vines 
 or flowers, at the head of a 
 chapter in a book. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 wine, grapes. 
 
 vint' ner, a wine seller. 
 
 vin' tage, the wine harvest. 
 
 vin' e gar, an acid liquid 
 (437; 484). 
 
 wine, fermented (485) juice 
 of grapes; similar liquor 
 from any plant juice. 
 
 b. Use: vinous, vineyard, wine press. 
 74. pas' ce re (pastum), to feed; to support. 
 
 pds' tiire, land on which cat- 
 tle graze. Jer. xxiii : 1. 
 
 pis' tern, the joint above the 
 horse's hoof. 
 
 pis' tur age, feed for cattle; 
 pasture. 
 
 re pdst', a meal; a feast. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pds' tor, a shepherd; a clergy- 
 man. 
 
 pis' tor al, relating to shep- 
 herds; rural. 
 
 p4s' tor ate, the office of the 
 pastor of a church, {-ate, 
 
 s.) 
 
 com plete', whole; 
 thorough. 
 
 com' pie ment, that which 
 fills up or completes. 
 
 de plete', to empty; to re- 
 duce in quantity. 
 
 de pie' tion, act of depleting; 
 lack of fullness. 
 
 75. pie' re, to fill. 
 
 entire; im' pie ment (that which fills 
 
 a want), a tool; an instru- 
 ment (324). 
 
 sup ply', to furnish what is 
 wanted; to provide (315). 
 
 sup' pie ment, that which 
 adds to, or completes. 
 
 re pie' tion, fullness. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 23 
 
 re plete', filled; completely ex' pie live, filling up; some- 
 full, thing added to fill out. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: supplemental, suppljdng, completely, incomplete, com- 
 pletion. 
 
 76. pie' nus, full. 
 
 plen' ty, the state of fullness ; 
 abundance (181). 
 
 plen' ti ful, being in plenty. 
 
 plan' te ous, plentiful; abun- 
 dant. 
 
 plen' i tilde, fullness; abun- 
 dance. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 re plen' ish, to fill; to supply. 
 pie' na ry, complete; entire; 
 
 full; without lack or error 
 
 (279). 
 plen' i po ten" ti a ry (336), 
 
 an ambassador; a person 
 
 with fuU power to act. 
 
 77. ten ta' re (tentatum), to try (from tendere, 328). 
 
 at tempt', a trial; a trying to 
 do something. 
 
 tempt, to try; to test (124); 
 to prove. 
 
 tempt' ing, trying to over- 
 come. 
 
 temp ta' tion, trial; enticing 
 to evil. 
 
 tempt' er, one who tempts, or 
 entices to evU. 
 
 ten' ta cle, the feeler of an 
 insect, etc. 
 
 ten' ta tive, pertaining to a 
 first attempt, as a " ten- 
 tative program " (497) ; 
 not fixed. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: attempted, tempted, temptingly, tentatively. 
 
 78. stu pe' re, to be stupefied, or wonder-stricken. 
 
 stu' pe fy, to make stupid; 
 to benumb. 
 
 stu' por, numbness; insensi- 
 bility. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: stupid, stupidly, stupidity, stupefaction. 
 
 stu pen' dous, stupefjdng 
 with wonder; astonishing, 
 especially by reason of mag- 
 nitude or elevation. 
 
24 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 79. mi ra' ri, to wonder; to admire; to look at. 
 
 mil' a cle, something sup- 
 posed to be above human 
 power; an act of God. 
 
 ad mire', to wonder at; to 
 regard with delight (240). 
 (ad-, P.) 
 
 mir' ror, a looking-glass. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: marvelous, miraculous. 
 
 mi rage' (me razh'), a false 
 appearance, as trees, water, 
 etc., sometimes seen on a 
 desert or an ocean. 
 
 mar' vel, to wonder. Mark 
 V : 20. n. a wonderful 
 thing. Ex. xxxiv: 10. 
 
 admirable, admiration. 
 
 80. ter re' re, to frighten. 
 
 de tSr', to hinder, or prevent 
 (370), as through fear. 
 
 de ter' rent, serving to deter. 
 
 t6r' ri ble, dreadful; causing 
 great fear. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 tfir' ror, dread; fright; very 
 great fear. 
 
 tfir' ri fy, to shock with ter- 
 ror. Joh ix : 34. 
 
 t6r rif ' ic, causing terror. 
 
 6. Show the prefixes and suffixes. 
 
 81. so la' ri (solatus), to console; to soothe. 
 
 con sole', to cheer; to lessen 
 the sorrow of another. 
 
 sol' ace, to cheer; to console; 
 to soothe. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: consolation, disconsolate, inconsolable. 
 
 82. 
 
 pax, peace. 
 
 ap peage', to soothe; to calm; 
 to pacify, (ap-. P.) 
 
 com' pact, an agreement; a 
 contract (87). 
 
 paf ' i fy, to cause to be peace- 
 ful. 
 
 pa cif' ic, peaceful; tending 
 to peace, {-fie; S.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pac' if i ca" tion, act of paci- 
 fying; state of being paci- 
 fied, (-fication, S.) 
 
 pay, to satisfy another for 
 service (138); to cancel 
 obligation (190). 
 
 pact, a bargain; an agree- 
 ment. 
 
 6. Use: peace, peacemaker, peaceably, payable, payment. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 25 
 
 83. tin' ge re (tinctum), to dye; to stain. 
 
 stain, to dye; to discolor. 
 
 stain' less, faultless. 
 
 tinge, to stain; to color 
 
 slightly. 
 taint, to corrupt (176); to 
 
 tinge; to stain. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: tingeing, unstained, untainted 
 
 tint, a slight coloring. 
 
 tine' ture, a tinge; a stain; 
 a color; an essence or ex- 
 tract (87). 
 
 dis tain', to stain; to blot; 
 to sully. 
 
 84. pin' ge re (pictum), to paint. 
 
 paint, to color; to describe. 
 
 pic' ture, a likeness, espe- 
 cially one in colors; a paint- 
 ing. 
 
 pic to' ri al, relating to pic- 
 tures. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: painter, painting, pictorially 
 
 de pict', to paint; to portray 
 (87); to describe (186). 
 
 pic' tiir esque", like a picture; 
 beautiful, {-esque, S.) 
 
 pig' ment, paint; coloring 
 matter. 
 
 85. nu' dus, naked. 
 
 niide, naked. 
 
 nu' di ty, state of being nude; 
 
 nakedness. 
 de nude', to strip; to lay 
 bare. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Show afiBxes. 
 
 den' u da" tion, act of strip- 
 ping or laying bare, as 
 " the denudation of the 
 soil by the destruction of 
 the forest." 
 
 86. ve' lum, a veil. 
 
 vgil, to cover as with a veil; 
 
 to hide from view. 
 re veal', to disclose; to make 
 
 known. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: revealed, unrevealed, revealing, veiling, unveiling 
 
 rev' e la" tion, act of reveal- 
 ing, especially of sacred 
 truth; that which is re- 
 vealed. 
 
26 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 87. tra' he re (tractum), to draw. 
 
 trace, a mark left, as by a 
 
 passing animal. 
 track, a mark; a footprint; 
 
 a path, or road. 
 tract, a written paper, as a 
 
 pamphlet; a body of land; 
 
 an expanse (40). 
 trac' tion, act of drawing, as 
 
 steam or electric traction. 
 trac' ta ble, manageable 
 
 (173); not stubborn. 
 de tract', to take away from; 
 
 to injure another's good 
 
 name. 
 dis tract', to draw away, as 
 
 the attention; to divert 
 
 (409); to unsettle, as the 
 
 reason. 
 
 ab stract', to take from ; to 
 take, as by stealing, etc. 
 (abs-, P.) 
 
 pro tract', to draw out; to 
 lengthen; to delay, {pro-, 
 
 P.) 
 re tract', to take back; to 
 
 withdraw a statement, or 
 
 charge. 
 p6r tray', to paint; to draw; 
 
 to describe, (por-, for pro-, 
 
 P.) 
 
 trail, a track, as of a wild 
 beaSt. 
 
 train, a succession, as of cars. 
 
 trea' tise, a composition dis- 
 cussing or explaining a sub- 
 ject. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: retrace, attract, contract, extract, subtract. 
 
 c. Use: subtrahend, portrait, entreat, treaty, treat. 
 
 88. car' rus, a car, 
 
 cftr i ole, a light one-horse 
 
 carriage. 
 charge, to load, as a wagon, 
 
 or as a gun. 
 
 a. Illustrate 
 
 car' go, a ship-load; a wagon- 
 load; freight. 
 
 c4r' i ca ture, an overdrawn 
 picture intended to amuse. 
 
 6. Use: car, carriage, carry, carrier, chariot, career. 
 
 89. di' es, a day (210). jour, a day. 
 
 di' a ry, a book for daily ac- 
 counts, i-ary, S.) 
 
 joiir' nal ist, a newspaper 
 writer. 
 
 ad jotirn', to postpone ; to 
 
 end a session, (ad-, P.) 
 so' joiirn, to dwell awhile. 
 Ps. xxxix : 12. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: journal, journey, adjournment, sojourner. 
 
PART ONE 27 
 
 90. ma' re, the sea. 
 
 ma rine', relating to the sea. trans' ma rine", being be- 
 
 {-ine, S.) yond the sea. (trans-, P.) 
 
 mir i time, belonging to the ul' tra ma ritne", a deep blue, 
 
 seacoast; having a sea- {ultra-, P.; 530.) 
 coast. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: mariner, marines, submarine, mermaid. 
 
 91. Mars, the god of war. 
 
 Mar§, a planet; the god of mar' tial, relating to war. 
 
 war (Roman). court'-mar" tial, a military- 
 Mar' tian, a supposed dweller court (97; 227). 
 
 on Mars, {-ian, S.) March, the third month. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 92. lu' na, the moon. 
 
 lu' nar, relating to the moon. lu na' tion, a revolution of 
 
 sub lu' nar, beneath the the moon. 
 
 moon. lu' na cy, insanity, {-acy, S.) 
 
 sub' lu na ry, earthly. sem' i lu" nar, in form like a 
 
 half-moon. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Show suffixes with meanings. 
 
 93. or na' re (omatum), to adorn. 
 
 or' na ment, that which adds a dom', to beautify; to em- 
 
 beauty. Isaiah Ixi : 10. hellish. 
 
 or' na men" tal, beautifying; or nate', adorned; orna- 
 
 adding beauty. mented; embeUished. 
 
 a. niustrate. 
 
 94. laus (laudis), praise. 
 
 laud, to praise. laud' a ble, that deserves 
 
 laud' a to ry, giving praise; praise. 
 
 pertaining to praise, {-ory, al low', to grant; to yield; 
 
 S.) to consent to. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: disallow, allowable, allowance, laudation, laudably. 
 
28 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 95. tem' plum, a space marked out for observation; 
 a temple. 
 
 tem' pie, a grand building for 
 religious or public uses, as 
 a church, etc. 
 con' tem plate, to consider; 
 
 to study; to meditate. 
 con tem' pla tive, thoughtful. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Show suffixes. 
 
 con' tem pla" tion, thought; 
 
 study; meditation. 
 tem' plar, a member of a 
 
 great military order which 
 
 flourished in the Middle 
 
 Ages, {-ar, S.) 
 
 96. du' ce re (ductum), to lead (205; 333). 
 
 duct, a tube, or canal, in the 
 
 body, 
 aq' ue duct (250), a water 
 
 channel made by man. 
 con' duit (dit), a water pipe; 
 
 a canal. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 vi' a duct (141), a high road- 
 way over low land; a 
 bridge. 
 
 due' tile, that may be drawn 
 out, as metal into wire; 
 easily led. 
 
 h. Use: duke, ducal, duchess, duchy, ducat. 
 97. mi' les (militis), a soldier. 
 
 mi IK' tia, citizens serving or 
 ready to serve as soldiers. 
 
 mil' i ta ry, relating to the 
 army, or to a soldier's ser- 
 vice. irO''<"y, S.) 
 
 mil' i tant, fighting; engaged 
 in war; eager to fight. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Show suffixes and meanings. 
 
 mil' i tan cy, disposition fa- 
 vorable to war. {-ancy, S.) 
 
 mil' i tate, to contend; to be 
 hostile to; to war. 
 
 mil' i ta ri§m, a national dis- 
 position favorable to war. 
 l-ism, S.) 
 
 98. man da' re (mandatum), to command. 
 
 com' mdn dant", an officer in re mdnd', to send back- to 
 
 command. legally command the send- 
 
 com' min deer", to compel ing back, as to prison, 
 
 one to perform military man da' mus, an order from 
 
 service; to seize for mill- a court, commanding the 
 
 tary uses. performance of a duty. 
 
com mend', to praise; 
 speak of in praise. 
 
 PAKT ONE 
 to 
 
 29 
 
 man' da to ry, relating to 
 command or precept; by 
 command. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: command, commander, countermand, demand, mandate. 
 
 99. na' vis, a ship, naus (vavs), a ship. 
 
 nav' i ga" tion (269; 517), the 
 art of directing ships upon 
 the sea. 
 
 clr' cum nav" 1 gate (339), to 
 sail around, as the world, 
 or an island, (circum-, P.) 
 
 nave, the middle part, or hub, 
 of a wheel; the central 
 part of a church. 
 
 nau' ti cal, relating to naviga- 
 tion. 
 
 nau' ti lus, a shell-fish. 
 
 a' er o naut (487), one who 
 sails in the air. 
 
 a' er o naut" ics, the art oi 
 navigating the air. 
 
 nau' se a, sea-sickness; sick- 
 ness at the stomach. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: navy, naval, navigate, navigable, nauseate, nauseous. 
 
 100. ri de' re (risum), to laugh at. 
 
 de ride', to scoff at; to make 
 sport of. 
 
 de ri' sive, scoffing; mocking. 
 
 de ri' gion, mocking; scorn; 
 scornful treatment. Ps. 
 Ixxix : 4. 
 
 de ri' so ry, derisive; per- 
 taining to derision. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ri§' i ble, laughable; causing 
 laughter. 
 
 rid' I ctile, derisive wit; scorn. 
 
 ri die' u lous, that which ex- 
 cites ridicule. 
 
 rig' i bil" i ty, impulse (206) 
 or tendency (32S) to laugh. 
 
 101. tern' ne re, to despise. 
 
 con temn', to despise; to 
 
 scorn. 
 con tempt', scorn; scornful 
 
 words or actions. 
 
 con tempt' i ble, that should 
 
 be scorned or despised, 
 con temp' tii ous, scornful. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: contemptibly, contemptuoud/. 
 
30 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 102. bi-, bis-, twice. 
 
 bi' ped (386), an animal with 
 
 two feet. 
 bi sect' (351), to divide into 
 
 two equal parts. 
 bi valve', a shellfish with two 
 
 valves, as the oyster. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 bi' c^ cle (See 38). 
 
 bis' cuit (kit), a kind of 
 bread, originally twice bak- 
 ed. {hiS', twice; cuit, 
 cooked.) 
 
 b. Use: combine, combination, binocle, biceps, bisecting. 
 
 103. sin' gu lus, single, sim' plex, simple. 
 
 sio' gle, one only; not com- 
 bined; solitary (234). 
 
 sis' gu lar, odd; strange; un- 
 common. 
 
 sio' gu l&r" i ty, strangeness; 
 state of being singular. 
 
 sim' pie ton, a silly or weak- 
 minded person. 
 
 sim' pie, not great; humble 
 
 (147) ; without pride; pure; 
 
 unmixed. 
 sim plis' i ty, plainness; art- 
 
 lessness; state of being 
 
 simple. 
 sim' pU fy, to make clear; to 
 
 make plain, or simple. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: simple, simpleness, single-tree, single-handed, singly, 
 singularly. 
 
 104. va' ri us, different. 
 
 va' ri ous, different; of dif- 
 ferent kinds; manifold. 
 
 va' ried, having differences. 
 
 va' ri ant, changeable; vari- 
 able. 
 
 va ri' e ty, change: differ- 
 ence; a class. 
 
 va' ri a" tion, a difference oc- 
 curring within a class, or 
 variety; a change. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 va' ri ance, a change; differ- 
 ence; a disagreement. 
 
 va' ri e gat" ed, of various 
 colors. 
 
 in va' ri a "ule, unchangeable; 
 always the same. 
 
 va' li a bie ness, the state 
 or quality of being varia- 
 ble or changeful. James 
 i : 17. 
 
 6. Use: vary, variable, invariably, variously. 
 
PABT ONE 
 
 31 
 
 mul' ti fa" ri ous, 
 
 great variety; manifold, 
 mul' ti fonn (179), having 
 many forms. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 105. mul' tus, many, 
 having mtil' ti plif" i ty (432), state 
 
 of being many; manifold- 
 ness. [all the people, 
 
 mul' ti tude, a great crowd; 
 
 h. Use: multiply, multiplication, multiple. 
 106. an' nus, a year. 
 
 an' nal§, records of a year; 
 
 yearly records (135). 
 an'nual, every year; once 
 
 a year, 
 an' ni ver" sa ry (409), the 
 
 return of a yearly date, 
 an nu' i ty, a sum of money 
 
 payable yearly. 
 bi an' nii al, occurring twice 
 
 a year. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 once 
 
 pc- 
 
 bl en' ni al, occurring 
 in two years. 
 
 mil len' ni um (348), a 
 riod of 1000 years. 
 
 per en' ni al, lasting through 
 many years, as a tree. 
 
 su' per an" nu ate (398), to 
 set aside as too old; to pro- 
 vide for, as for a man of 
 great age. {super-, P.) 
 
 6. Use: triemiial, annually, perennially. 
 
 107. cen' turn, a hundred. 
 
 cen ten' ni al, the celebra- 
 tion of any century-old 
 event (370). 
 
 cen ten' ni um, a period of a 
 hundred years. 
 
 cen' te na" ri an, a person a 
 hundred years old. 
 
 cen' te na ry, pertaining to a 
 hundred years. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: century, centipede. 
 
 the 
 
 cen" ti me' ter (524), 
 hundredth of a meter. 
 
 cen tu' ri on, commander of 
 a Roman century (a hun- 
 dred men). Matt, vui : 8-9. 
 
 cen' ti grade (385), marking 
 100 degrees, as the C. 
 thermometer. 
 
 cen' tu pie, a hundred fold. 
 
 percentage. 
 
 108. ti me' re, to fear. 
 
 tim' id, easily frightened; of 
 little courage (135). 
 
 ti mid' i ty, fear; state of be- 
 ing afraid. 
 
32 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 tim' or ous, timid; afraid. 
 
 in tim' i date, to frigliten; to 
 cause to fear. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: timidly, intimidation, timorously. 
 
 neu' ter, of neither sex. 
 nei'"ther, not one or other. 
 ei'ther, one or other. 
 neu' tral, not on either side, 
 as in regard to war. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Show suffixes and meanings. 
 
 109. u' ter, which of two. 
 
 neu tral' i ty, state of being 
 neutral. 
 
 neu' tral ize, to render power- 
 less; to offset; to hinder. 
 {-ize, S.) 
 
 110. um' bra, shadow. 
 
 um' brage, feeHng of being 
 cast into the shade; re- 
 sentment (318). 
 pe num' bia, partial shadow, 
 as in an eclipse. (L. paene, 
 almost.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: umbrella, umbrageous. 
 
 ad' um brate, to shadow 
 forth, as something that 
 makes itself known by its 
 shadow or effect (420). 
 
 um' ber, shade; shadow. 
 
 um' bel, a form of a flower. 
 
 111. cau' sa, a cause. 
 
 cau§e, that which produces 
 
 effect (205; 420). 
 cau§' al, relating to cause. 
 cau §a' tion, act of causing. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 cau§' a tive, causing; effective. 
 ac cii§e', to charge, as in a case, 
 
 or cause, at law. (ac-, P.) 
 ex ciige', to pardon; to relieve 
 
 of accusation. 
 
 6. Use: accuser, accused, accusation, inexcusable. 
 112. ca' de re (casum), to fall. 
 
 de ca' dence, state of decay- 
 ing; process of decay. 
 {-ence, S.) 
 
 ca' dence, the falling of the 
 voice at the end of speech; 
 a sound; a tone. 
 
 in' ci dent, an event (370); 
 an occurrence (259); some- 
 thing that happens. 
 
 GO' ci dent, the west; the 
 place where the sun goes 
 down. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 33 
 
 de cid' u ous, falling at the 
 end of growth, as leaves. 
 
 ca dav' er ous, ghastly; like 
 a corpse (143); very thin. 
 
 oc ca' gion, opportunity; 
 
 chance; cause, (oc-, for 
 ob-, P.) Gen. xliii : 18. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 case, condition; event; cir- 
 cumstance (339). 
 
 ca§ u al, accidental; happen- 
 ing by chance. 
 
 ca§ u ist, one given to argu- 
 ing the right and wrong of 
 cases. 
 
 6. Use: accident, accidental, occidental, casually. 
 
 113. plat, flat, pla' nus, flat; level. 
 
 plat' ing, covering anything 
 with a plate or thin sheet 
 of metal. 
 
 plat i tude, any duU, flat, 
 or stupid speech. 
 
 ex plain', to make plain; to 
 tell clearly. 
 
 ex' plan a" tion, act of ex- 
 plaining. 
 
 es' pla nade", a smooth walk, 
 or drive. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: plate, platform, plain, plane, plan, explanatory. 
 
 114. tab' u la, a board; a tablet; a painting. 
 
 ta' ble, a piece of furniture; 
 
 a flat surface; a collection, 
 
 as numbers. 
 tab' let, a smaU blank book; 
 
 a flat surface; a small 
 
 table. 
 tab' u lar, arranged as in- a 
 
 table of numbers or facts. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Point out BufiSxes. 
 
 tab' u late, to arrange regu- 
 larly, as a table of facts. 
 
 tab' u la" tion, a table of facts, 
 numbers, etc.; act of tab- 
 ulating. 
 
 tab' leau (Id), a picture; a 
 group of persons arranged 
 like a picture. 
 
 115. cres' ce re (cretum), to grow. 
 
 in' ere ment, increase, as in- 
 terest (154) on loans. 
 
 dec' re ment, decrease. 
 
 re cruit', to add strength; to 
 grow strong again. 
 
 ores' cent, growing; shaped 
 like the growing moon. 
 
 ex ores' cence, a growth on 
 the outside; a wart; a 
 tumor. 
 
34 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 ac crue', to increase; to come 
 into being through growth, 
 as interest. 
 
 ac ere' tion, growth; act of 
 growing, or taking on ad- 
 ditional matter. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 con ere' tion, a mass, as of 
 different substances grown 
 together. 
 
 cres cen' do, a gradual in- 
 crease in volume (520) of 
 tone. (Music.) 
 
 6. Use: increase, decrease, concrete, accruing. 
 
 116. lin, flax. 
 
 a lign', to form in line, as 
 troops when parading. 
 
 lin' e ar, relating to measure- 
 ment of lines. 
 
 lin' e a ment, a line, or fea- 
 ture, as of the face. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 lin' e al, descending in a line, 
 as a family. 
 
 lin' e age, race; family line; 
 stock; blood. 
 
 de lin' e ate, to draw; to de- 
 scribe (186). 
 
 6. Use: line, alignment, lining, linen, lint, linseed. 
 117. tex' e re (textum), to weave. 
 
 tis' sue, fine woven silk or 
 
 other fabric. 
 toil, a snare; a net or cord for 
 
 trapping birds or beasts. 
 pre' text, a pretense (328) ; 
 
 false reason, 
 tex' tile, relating to fabrics 
 
 used in weaving; woven. 
 tex' ture, manner of weaving; 
 
 quality of a textile fabric. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Point out prefixes. 
 
 text, sentences (318) used for 
 comment (445) or criticism 
 (540); original (213) writ- 
 ings. 
 
 tex' tu al, pertaining to the 
 text. 
 
 edn' text, the words near the 
 text. 
 
 text' book, a book of texts; 
 a school book. 
 
 118. fi' lum, a thread. 
 
 file, a line or wire on which 
 papers are strung; a line 
 of troops. 
 
 file'-lead' er, a soldier in the 
 
 front rank. 
 fil' a ment, a slender thread. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 35 
 
 en' fi lade", to iire upon a line 
 
 of troops whose end or 
 
 flank is presented. 
 de file', a narrow passage 
 
 where few can march a- 
 
 breast. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Show prefixes and suffixes. 
 
 fil' i gree, fine ornamental 
 work, as in silver thread, 
 etc. 
 
 fil' let, a band for the head. 
 
 pro' fde, the side face; an 
 outline. 
 
 119. cla ma' re, to shout; to cry out. 
 
 claim' ant, one who claims. 
 
 dam' or, a great noise, as 
 of shouting, etc. Eph. iv : 
 31. 
 
 ac claim', to cry out in ap- 
 plause (199). 
 
 ac' cla ma" tion, act of ac- 
 claiming; applause. 
 
 dis claim', to disown; to 
 deny; to renounce. 
 
 de claim', to speak, as to a 
 public meeting. 
 
 dec' la ma" tion, act of de- 
 claiming; a speech. 
 
 de clam' a to ry, in the man- 
 ner of a declamation. 
 
 ex clam' a to ry, in the man- 
 ner of an exclamation, as 
 crying out suddenly. 
 
 proc' la ma" tion, act of pro- 
 claiming, or making known 
 by public announcement. 
 
 rec' la ma" tion, act of re- 
 claiming. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: claim, clamorous, disclaim, exclaim, exclamation, pro- 
 claim, reclaim. 
 
 120. cor' nu, a horn, 
 cor' net, a musical instru- cor' ne a, the horny coat of 
 
 ment (324). the eye. 
 
 cor' ne ous, like horn; horny. cor' nu co" pi a, " the horn 
 
 of plenty"; abundance. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 h. Use: horn, com, corner. 
 
 121. tre' me re, to shake, 
 trem' ble, to shake; to shiv- tre' mor, a shaking; a trem- 
 
 er, as through fear, etc. bling. 
 
 tre men' dous, dreadful ;ca\is- trem' u lous, shaking; timid 
 ing fear; huge. (108). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 h. I'se: trembling, tremendously, tremulously. 
 
36 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 122. do' mus, a house. 
 
 dome, a rounded roof, or 
 
 cupola; a building. 
 do mes' tic, relating to the 
 
 home; tame; not wild. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 do mes' ti cate, to train for 
 home uses; to tame. 
 
 dom' i cJle, a home; a place 
 of residence (338). 
 
 123. au di' re, to hear. 
 
 au' di ence, an assembly of 
 
 hearers. 
 au' di tor, one who hears and 
 
 computes (266) accounts. 
 au' dit, to receive or hear an 
 
 account, and give it place 
 
 in a book or form. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: audited, audible, auditorium, obey, disobedience. 
 
 124. tes' lis, a witness. 
 tes ta' tor, one who makes a tes' ti mo ni al, relating to 
 
 au' di to ry, an audience; a 
 place for an audience. 
 
 o be' di ent, dutiful; willing 
 to obey. 
 
 o bei' sance, an act of rever- 
 ence or submission, as a 
 bow. Gen. xxxvii : 7. 
 
 will. 
 
 in tes' tate, not having made 
 a will. 
 
 tes' tate, having made a will. 
 
 tes' ta ment, a will; the name 
 of each of the general divi- 
 sions of the Bible, called 
 Old and New. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 testimony; a certificate 
 (46). 
 
 at test', to bear witness to; 
 to certify. 
 
 prof es tant igm, religion of 
 the Protestants, as dis- 
 tinguished from that of the 
 Catholics. 
 
 6. Use: testify, protest, protestant, attest, contest, testimony. 
 125. nee' te re (nexum), to bind. 
 
 an nex', to unite; to add to; 
 , as to annex other land to a 
 ' farm, {an-, P.) 
 con nect', to join; to unite. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: annexation, connection, disconnect- 
 
 dis' con nee' tion, act of dis- 
 joining (392). 
 
 nex' us, connection; a link; 
 a tie. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 37 
 
 126. CO ro' na, 
 
 crown, the top of the head; 
 
 a monarch's symbol of 
 
 power. 
 c6r' o na" tion, the act of 
 
 crowning. 
 c6r o net, a small crown, as 
 
 for a nobleman. 
 CO ro' na, a ring, or halo, 
 
 around the sun or the 
 
 moon. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Show sufiBxes and their 
 
 a wreath; a crown. 
 
 c6r' o nal, relating to the 
 crown. 
 
 CO rol' la, part of a flower. 
 
 c6r' ol la ry, a truth that fol- 
 lows necessarily; a conse- 
 quence (489). 
 
 c6r' o ner, an officer (419) who 
 may inquire legally con- 
 cerning (448; 225; 244) a 
 sudden death. 
 
 meanings. 
 
 127. co' le re (culttim), to cultivate. 
 
 col' o ny, a company of set- 
 tlers, removed from their 
 mother country. 
 
 cul' tiire, improvement (201) 
 through exercise, as of 
 the mind. 
 
 cult, worship; devotion (200), 
 as to an idea, or principle; 
 (456). 
 
 cul' ti va" tion, the act of 
 cultivating, or working for 
 improvement, as a plant, or 
 field crop. 
 
 hor" ti cul' tiire, art of culti- 
 vation, as applied to gar- 
 dens. 
 
 ar' bo ri cul" tiire, art of cul- 
 tivation as applied to trees. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: colonial, colonize, cultivate, cultural, cultured, agri- 
 
 culture. 
 
 128. gra' num, a grain. 
 
 of 
 
 gran' u lar, consisting 
 
 grains or seeds, 
 gran' u lous, full of grains. 
 gra niv' o rous, living upon 
 
 grains. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: grain, granary, granite, pomegranate. 
 
 gran" u la' ted, formed in 
 grains. 
 
 gar' ner, to store; n. a gran- 
 ary. Matt, iii : 12. 
 
 gar' net, a mineral; a color. 
 
 129. ca' ne re, to sing, 
 can' ti de, a song; the Song in can' tive, that which urges; 
 
 of Solomon. 
 
 a motive (256). 
 
38 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 can' to, a division of a poem. 
 
 can ta' t&, a poem set to 
 music. 
 
 en chant', to please greatly; 
 to charm. 
 
 chant' er, one who chants; a 
 singer. 
 
 des cant', to sing; to com- 
 ment (445) fully. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in' can ta" tion, a charm; en- 
 chantment; an act of 
 magic. 
 
 pre cen' tor, a leader of a 
 choir. 
 
 re cant', to retract (87) ; to re- 
 call; to take back, as a 
 former declaration (209) pi 
 faith. 
 
 b. Use: chant, enchanter, enchantment, accent, chanticleer.. 
 
 130. fa' num, a temple. 
 
 fane, a temple; a church; any 
 place set apart for reli- 
 gious uses. 
 prof a na" tion, misuse, as of 
 a church; irreverence. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: profane, profanity, fanaticism. 
 
 131. au ge' re (auctum), to bring forth; to increase. 
 
 auc' tion, to sell at public (61) 
 
 outcry. 
 au' thor ize, to give permis- 
 sion (217). 
 au' thor, a maker, as of a 
 book; a writer. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: augmentation, auctioneer, authority, authoritative.' 
 
 fa nat' ic, one who is ex- 
 tremely devoted to an idea; 
 one who is wild with en- 
 thusiasm concerning relig- 
 ious or political questions. 
 
 aug ment', to increase. 
 
 auz il' ia ry, helping; assist- 
 ing, as auxiliary troops, 
 etc. 
 
 au gust', grand; great; sub- 
 lime. 
 
 132. fruc' tus, fruit. 
 
 fruit' age, act of bearing fruit; 
 
 harvest; effect (420). 
 fru V tion, result of bearing 
 
 fruit; harvest; possession 
 
 (338). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 fruc tif er ous, relating to 
 
 fruit, {-ferous, S.) 
 fruc' ti fy, to make fruitful. 
 fruc' ti fi ca" tion, fruiting; 
 
 act of producing fruit (205). 
 
 b. Use: fruit, fruitful, fruiterer. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 39 
 
 133. pa ra' re, to prepare. 
 
 pre p&r' a to ry, relating to 
 preparation; introductory 
 (205). 
 
 p&r' ry, to ward oflf; to turn 
 aside, as to parry a blow. 
 
 pSr' a fhute, a contrivance 
 for preventing (370) a too 
 rapid fall, as from a bal- 
 loon. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: pare, prepare, preparation, dissever. 
 
 c. Use: separate, repair, reparation, parasol (212) 
 
 i(r rep' a ra ble, that may not 
 be repaired. 
 
 ap' pa ra" tus, tools, instru- 
 ments, or appliances used 
 in any trade or art. 
 
 sev' er (se, apart), to sepa- 
 rate. 
 
 sev' er al, distinct; separate; 
 a few. 
 
 134. pu' rus, clean. 
 
 pure, clean; unmixed with 
 
 evil; unmixed. Matt, v : 
 
 8. 
 pu' ri fy, to cleanse; to make 
 
 pure. 
 pu' ri ty, the state of being 
 
 pure; cleanness. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pu' ri tan, one who practices 
 purity of life. 
 
 pur' ga to ry, state of puri- 
 fication after death. 
 
 ex' pur gate, to purify; to 
 clean out, as indecent (222) 
 language from a book. 
 
 6. Use: purely, purifying, purification, impure, piu"itanic. 
 
 135. cor, the heart. 
 
 cor' dial, hearty; from the 
 heart. 
 
 cor diil' i ty, heartiness; af- 
 fection. 
 
 ac cord', to agree; to consent; 
 to grant; — to bring to an 
 agreement; to settle. 
 
 ac cord' ance, agreement; 
 union of feeling. 
 
 con' cord, harmony; agree- 
 ment. 
 
 coiir' age, stout-heartedness; 
 
 bravery, 
 con cord' ance, state of being 
 
 in concord; an index to the 
 
 Bible, 
 re cord', to write down, as in 
 
 a register (297). 
 cor' date, heart-shaped, as a 
 
 leaf. 
 ob cor' date, of inverted (409) 
 
 heart-shape, {ob-, P.) 
 a. Use: encourage, encouragement, discourage, discouragement, 
 discord, discordant. 
 
40 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 136. fi' ge re (fijcum), to join; to fix. 
 
 fix, to fasten; to make firm. 
 fix' ture, anything fixed, or 
 
 firmly placed, 
 trans fix', to pierce through. 
 
 {trans, across; over.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: affix, suffix, prefix, fixedly. 
 
 cru' ci fix, a representation of 
 the figure of Christ on the 
 cross. 
 
 cru' ci fy, to put to death 
 upon a cross. 
 
 137. poe' na, punishment, pu ni' re (punitum), 
 to punish. 
 
 pe' nal, relating to punish- 
 ment. 
 
 pen' al ty, any punishment; . 
 forfeiture (342); a fine 
 (305). 
 
 sub poe' na, an order to ap- 
 pear in court under penalty 
 for failure to do so. (sub, 
 under; poena, penalty). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: repentance, punish, penitentiary, pain, 
 
 pen' i tence, sorrow for sin. 
 
 pen' ance, an act showing 
 penitence; suffering (236). 
 
 re pent', to feel sorrow for 
 sin. 
 
 pu' ni tive, relating to pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 im pu' ni ty, freedom from 
 punishment or harm. 
 
 138. ser vi' re, to serve. 
 
 serf, a slave; a laborer in 
 bondage to an estate. 
 
 de gert', merit; condition re- 
 lating to reward or punish- 
 ment. 
 
 ser' vile, pertaining to a slave 
 or servant; enslaved. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ser vil' i ty, slavishness; state 
 of being servile, 
 
 ser' vi tor, one who serves. 
 
 sub ser' vi ent, useful; serv- 
 ing some purpose (360) ; 
 subordinate (423); servile. 
 
 b. Use: serve, servant, service, deserve, servitude. 
 
 139. dom' i nus, a master. 
 
 do min' ion, power; extent 
 of power. Ps. viii : 6. 
 
 dom' i nant, having mastery 
 of; controlling. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 41 
 
 do main', landed property; 
 estate. 
 
 dom' i nate, to rule; to exer- 
 cise power (336) over; to 
 control (155). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pre dom' i nant, dominant; 
 having the greater power; 
 superior (398). 
 
 dom' i na" tion, act of domi- 
 nating. 
 
 b. Use: danger, domineer, indomitable. 
 
 140. mi gra' re (migratum), to remove. 
 
 mi' grate, to move to another 
 
 country. 
 em' i grate, to remove from 
 
 a country. 
 mi gra' tion, a removal; act 
 
 of migrating. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 wan- 
 migra- 
 
 mi' gra to ry, roving; 
 dering; given to 
 tions. 
 
 trans' mi gra" tion, passing 
 into another body; rein- 
 carnation (358). 
 
 b. Use: immigrant, emigrant, immigration, emigration. 
 141. vi' a, a way; a road, ve' he re, to carry. 
 
 de' vi ous, going astray; go- 
 ing out of the right way. 
 
 de' vi ate, to go out of the 
 right way. 
 
 ob' vi ate, to prevent; to re- 
 move from the way. {ob-, 
 P.) [to abuse (203). 
 
 in veigh' (va), to rail against; 
 
 per' vi ous, that may be pass- 
 ed through, as water passes 
 through soil. 
 
 en' voy, a messenger (217). 
 
 con' voy, to go with for pro- 
 tection (397). [abuse. 
 
 in vec' tive, harsh speech; 
 
 ob' vi ous, easily seen; plain. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: viaduct (96), voyage, previous, trivial, invoice, convey, 
 
 conveyance, vehicle, way. 
 
 142. ser va' re, to save; to keep. 
 
 con serve', to keep in good 
 condition. 
 
 con' ser va" tion, keeping in 
 good condition. 
 
 ob §erv' ant, watchful; at- 
 tentive (328) ; keeping the 
 eyes open. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ob §erv' ance, the keeping of 
 rules (337); performance. 
 
 re gerve', to withhold; to 
 keep back. 
 
 reg" er voir' (vwor), a place 
 for keeping a supply, es- 
 pecially of water. 
 
 b. Use: preserve, unreserved, observation, observe. 
 
42 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 143. cor' pus, the body. 
 
 cor' po ral, relating to the 
 
 body. 
 cor p6' re al, having a body. 
 cor' po rate, combined into 
 
 one body, as for business. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in cor' po rate, to combine 
 
 into one body, 
 corpse, a dead body, 
 cor' set, an article of apparel, 
 cor' sage, the waist of a gown. 
 
 6. Use: corporate, corps, corselet, corporation, corpulent. 
 144. fla gra' re, to burn, flam' ma, a flame. 
 
 fla' grant, glaring; outbroken; 
 open; bold. 
 
 flam' ing, blazing; highly col- 
 ored. 
 
 con' fla gra" tion, a great fire. 
 
 flam' beau (bo), a lighted 
 torch carried (88) in the 
 hand. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 fla min' go, a tall bird, hav- 
 ing a bright color. 
 
 in flame', to make angry; to 
 set on fire. Isaiah v : 11. 
 
 in flam' ma to ry, tending to 
 inflame; excitable (216). 
 
 in flam' ma ble, that may be 
 set on fire; easily angered. 
 
 b. Show prefixes and suffixes, and their meaning. 
 145. mons (mentis), a mountain. 
 
 mount, to get on a horse; 
 to rise. 
 
 prom' on to ry, a mountain- 
 ous cape; a headland. 
 
 moun' te bank, one who 
 mounts a bench, etc., and 
 sells quack medicine (148). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 sur mount', to rise above, as 
 to surmount an obstacle 
 (389). 
 
 p4r' a mount, above others; 
 superior (398). 
 
 tan' ta mount, equal; equiv- 
 alent (343; 388). 
 
 h. Use: mountainous, mountaineer, amount, dismoimt, remount. 
 
 146. ge' lu, frost, cold, ge la' re, to freeze, 
 frozen; extremely con' ge la" tion, the act of 
 
 gel' id, 
 
 cold, 
 con geal', to freeze; to thick 
 
 en, as water into ice. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 congealing. 
 ge lat' i nous, having the na- 
 ture of gelatin, or of jelly. 
 
 6. Use: congealable, gelatin, jelly. 
 
PART ONE 43 
 
 147. hu' mus, the ground; earth, hu ma' re, to 
 cover with earth. 
 
 hu' mus, mould; leaf mould; ex hume', to disinter. 
 
 the top soil. ex' hu ma" tion, the act of 
 
 inhume', to. bury; to inter disinterring. 
 
 (153). hu mil' i ty, modesty; lowU- 
 
 in' hu ma" tion, the act of ness; opposite of pride, 
 
 burying. Prov. xxii : 4. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: humiliate, humiliation, humble. 
 
 148. me de' ri, to heal. 
 
 med' i cal, pertaining to the med' i ca" tion, treatment 
 
 art of heahng. with medicine. 
 
 med' i cate, to treat with re me' di a ble, that may be 
 
 medicine; to cure. remedied. 
 
 me die' a ment, anything ilr re me' di a ble, that may 
 
 used in healing. not be remedied. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: medicine, medicinal, remedy, remedial. 
 
 149. nu' trix, a nurse. 
 
 nur' ture, to feed; to rear; nu triC tious, nourishing; giv- 
 
 to train. Eph. vi : 4. ing strength; food is nutri- 
 
 nu' tri ent, anything that is tious. 
 
 nourishing; having food nu' tri tive, nourishing; food 
 
 value (388). has nutritive value. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: nourish, nutriment, nutrition, nurse, nittsery, nursling. 
 
 150. se' nex, old. 
 
 se' nile, infirm through old seign' ior, a lord; a title. 
 
 age; relating to old age. sire, a word of address used 
 se nil' i ty, old age; weakness to a king; a father. 
 
 of old age. 
 
 a. .Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: sir, senior, senator, senate, seniority. 
 
44 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 151. sa' nus (sanatas), sound; healthy. 
 
 san' i ty, soundness of mind. san' i ta ry, relating to health 
 
 san' a tive, tending to cure; of body or mind, 
 
 healing. san' a to"ri um, a health re- 
 
 sort; a hospital. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: sane, insane, insanity, sanitation. 
 
 152. ha be' re (habitum), to have; to hold. 
 
 hab' i tude, habit; long in hib' it, to forbid; to re- 
 habit, strain; to prohibit. 
 
 hab' it a ble, that may be in- ha bil' i ments, dress; gar- 
 habited; fit for inhabiting. ments. 
 
 hab' i tat, the home or region de bil' i ty, weakness. 
 
 (337) in which an animal ha' be as cor' pus (143), 
 
 or a plant lives. "You may have the body"; 
 
 e? hib' it, to show, as in pub- a legal proceeding (225; 
 
 lie. 384). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: habitual, habitation, inhabit, prohibit. 
 
 c. Use: able, abiUty, enable, unable. 
 
 153. ter' ra, the earth; land. 
 
 t6r res' tri al, consisting of in tSr', to bury in the earth, 
 
 earth; earthly. tSr rain', an area considered 
 
 tSr ra' que ous (250), com- suitable for a special pur- 
 posed of land and water. pose. 
 
 t6r' ri er, a dog of a certain t6r rene', relating to the 
 
 breed. earth. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: territory, terrace, mediterranean, subterranean, inter- 
 ment. 
 
 154. es' se, to be; ens (entis), being. 
 
 en' ti ty, a thing; a real sub- es' sence, the nature, sub- 
 stance; something that is. stance, or being of a thing; 
 
 rep' re §ent', to make known; the highest property of a 
 
 to show; to stand in the substance; extract, 
 
 place of. es sen' tial, necessary. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 45 
 
 quin tes' sence, strong ex- 
 tract; essence. 
 
 pr6§' en ta" tion, a showing, 
 or setting forth; a gift; 
 act of giving. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: present, absent, nonentity, interest, disinterested. 
 
 155. con' tra, opposed to; against. 
 
 con' tra vene" (370), to op- 
 pose; to hinder. 
 
 con" tro vert' (409), to dis- 
 pute; to debate, (contro-, 
 
 P.) 
 
 con trist', to show differ- 
 ence; to place in opposi- 
 tion, (contra and store, 
 158.) 
 
 coun' ter act" (269), to act 
 contrary to; to hinder. 
 
 coim" ter mine', to mine in 
 opposition; to plot against. 
 
 en coun' ter, to meet; to en- 
 gage, as in battle. 
 
 ren coun' ter, a sudden meet- 
 ing; a conflict (325). 
 
 coun' ter bal" ance, to weigh 
 against. 
 
 coim' ter feJt (342), to imi- 
 tate; to forge; to make 
 false money. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: contrary, contradict, contradiction, countermand, con- 
 troversy. 
 
 156. aes ti ma' re, to value; to estimate. 
 
 es' ti ma ble, worthy of es- 
 teem. 
 
 es' ti mate, to place a value 
 upon; to esteem. 
 
 es' ti ma" tion, esteem; valu- 
 ation; act of estimating. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in es' ti ma ble, of worth so 
 great that no estimate may 
 be made. 
 
 es teem', to value (388); to 
 prize; to regard highly; to 
 think. Ps. cxix : 128. 
 
 6. Write the prefixes and suffixes with their meanings. 
 157. pre' ti um, price. 
 
 pr6' cious, valuable; of great 
 price. 
 
 price' less, beyond price; in- 
 valuable. 
 
 ap prai§e', to set a price upon; 
 to value. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ap pre' ci ate, to place a just 
 value upon; to judge ac- 
 curately as to value. 
 
 de pre' ci ate, to lower in 
 price; to lessen in value; 
 to dispraise. 
 
 6. Use: price, praise, dispraise, appreciable, unappreciated. 
 
46 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 158. sis' te re, to place; to stand. 
 (387; 389). 
 
 sta' re, to stand 
 
 con sist', to be made of; to 
 
 be composed of. 
 con sist' ent, agreeing 
 
 throughout; not opposed 
 to itself. 
 de §ist', to cease doing, as 
 
 " Desist from evU." 
 per sist', to continue; to con- 
 tinue to exist. 
 in ter' stice, a space between 
 parts; an interval; a hole. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: assist, assistance, 
 armistice (14). 
 
 sub sist', to live; to be; to 
 
 get a living. 
 co-ex ist', to live at the same 
 
 time; to exist together. 
 co-ej ist' ent, existing at the 
 
 same time. 
 pre-ex ist' ence, a former life, 
 con trast (See 155). 
 su' per sti" tion, fear of the 
 
 unknown, as caused by 
 
 false belief. 
 
 exist, insist, resist, consistency, 
 
 159. va ca' re, to be empty, va' cans, empty. 
 
 6 vac' ii ate, to leave; to de- vac' u ous, empty; unfilled, 
 
 part from. va cu' i ty, emptiness; worth- 
 
 vac' u flm, empty space. lessness. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: vacant, vacancy, vacation, vacate. 
 
 160. red' de re, to give back. 
 
 ren' der, to restore; to pay 
 back; to yield; to trans- 
 late from one language into 
 another. Prov. xxiv : 12. 
 
 red dl' tion, restitution; giv- 
 ing back. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ren dl' tion, a surrender; re- 
 turn of any thing. 
 
 ren' dez vous iron' de voo), 
 a place of meeting; a meet- 
 ing appointed, (rendez, 
 render; vous, you.) 
 
 6. Use: rent, sub-rent, rental, surrender. 
 
 161. gra' ti a, favor. 
 
 grat' i tude, thankfulness. 
 gra' tis, without charge; for 
 nothing. 
 
 gra' tus, thankful. 
 
 gra tu' i ty, something given; 
 
 a free gift. 
 grace, kindness; mercy. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 47 
 
 gra tu' i tous, given freely; 
 
 free. 
 in gra' ti ate, to find favor, 
 grat' i fi ca" tion, feeling of 
 pleasure; act of pleasing 
 (313). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: grateful, ingratitude, congratulate, graceful, 
 
 c. Use: disgrace, disagree, graceless, gratify. 
 
 in' grate, one who shows in- 
 gratitude. 
 
 gra' cious, kind; favorable; 
 beneficial. 
 
 a gree', to think alike; to 
 consent. 
 
 162. tol' le re, to bear. 
 
 tol' er ate, to bear; to per- 
 mit; to allow; to endure. 
 
 tol' er ance, disposition to 
 bear with; forbearing kind- 
 ness. 
 
 tol' er a" tion, act of bearing 
 with; forbearance. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 tol' er a ble, that may be 
 borne or endured; bear- 
 able. Luke X : 12. 
 
 in tol' er able, that may not 
 be borne; unbearable. 
 
 tol' er ant, willing to bear 
 with; kind toward another 
 who thinks differently. 
 
 6. Use: tolerably, intolerably, intolerance, intolerant. 
 
 163. fun' dus, a foundation; a base. 
 
 fotind, to cause a beginning, 
 
 as the building of a town, 
 
 etc. 
 found' er, one who founds; 
 
 a builder, 
 foun da' tion, the lowest part, 
 
 as of a building; the base 
 
 (32). Job iv : 19. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 fun' da men" tal, essential; 
 basal; relating to the foun- 
 dation. 
 
 pro found', deep; having 
 depth, or strength of mind. 
 
 pro fun' di ty, depth of mind; 
 state of being deep. 
 
 fund, a supply; a base; a 
 sum of money. 
 
 6. Use: unfounded, refund, fundamentally. 
 
 164. ci' vis, a citizen. 
 
 cit' a del, a fortress (45) in 
 or near a city. 
 
 c! vil' ian, a citizen, not a 
 soldier. 
 
48 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 civ ic, relating to the city 
 or state, or to a citizen. 
 
 civ' il, relating to the state; 
 courteous (227). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 civ' il ize, to enlighten; to 
 reclaim from a savage con- 
 dition. 
 
 civ' il i za" tion, the civilized 
 world in all forms. 
 
 6. Use: city, citizen, uncivil, incivility, uncivilized. 
 
 165. com' mu nis, common; bound together (427). 
 
 com mune' (427), to con- 
 verse together; to com- 
 municate. 
 
 com' mu nist (427), one who 
 believes in the right of all 
 the people to all the prop- 
 erty. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: common, communism, 
 
 com mu' ni ty, the public; 
 
 the people (61). 
 com mu' ni cate (427), to 
 
 make known; to convey. 
 
 / Cor. XV : 33. 
 ex' com mu" ni cate (427), to 
 
 expel from fellowship. 
 
 communication, incommunicable. 
 
 166. urbs, a city. 
 
 ur' ban, relating to a city. 
 ur bane', polite; polished. 
 {-ane, S.) [tesy. 
 
 ur ban' i ty, politeness; cour- 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Write the prefixes and suflSxes, and give meanings. 
 
 sub' urb, one of the outer 
 
 parts of a city. 
 sub ur' ban, relating to a 
 
 suburb. 
 
 167. tur' ba, disorder; a crowd. 
 
 per turb', to disquiet; to dis- 
 turb. 
 
 per' tur ba" tion, excitement; 
 trouble of mind. 
 
 im' per turb" a ble, untrou- 
 bled; calm; not to be ex- 
 cited (216). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 tur' bid, muddy; full of 
 
 dregs, as a river in a flood, 
 tur' bu lence, unruly conduct; 
 
 tumult; rioting, {-ulence, 
 
 S.) 
 tur' bu lent, unruly; riotous; 
 
 raging, {-ulent, S.) 
 
 6. Use: disturb, undisturbed, disturbance, trouble, troublous. 
 
PART ONE 49 
 
 168. ger' men, a bud. 
 
 germ, a seed; a bud; an ger' mi na" tion, act of ger- 
 
 origiii (213). minating; beginning of ac- 
 
 ger' mi nal, relating to a seed tive life. 
 
 or germ. ger' mi cide (322), that 
 
 ger' mi nate, to begin to which kills germs, 
 grow; to sprout, 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 169. ma tu' rus, ripe. 
 
 ma tiire', ripe; full grown. pre' ma ture, pre, before; ma- 
 
 ma tu' ri ty, ripeness; state turus, mature. 
 
 of completeness. im' ma tiire, im, not; ma- 
 
 turus, mature. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: demurely, prematurely, maturely. 
 
 170. ran ce' re, to be rank, or rancid. 
 
 ran' cid, impure; having a rao' cor, hate; enmity; mal- 
 
 rank smell, as rancid oil ice (430). 
 
 or butter. ran' cor ous, having hate; 
 
 ran cid' i ty, state of being hating. 
 
 rancid. ra^k, strong scented; rancid. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 171. den' sus, thick. 
 
 dense, close; solid; thick, as con dense', to thicken; to 
 
 a dense forest. make dense. 
 
 den' si ty, closeness; com- con' den sa" tion, act of con- 
 
 pactness. densing. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: densely, condensing, condensed. 
 
 172. pre' me re (pressum), to press. 
 
 com press', to press together; op press', to burden; to weigh 
 
 to crowd. down, (op-, for ob-, P.) 
 
 de press', to discourage; to sup press', to put down, as a 
 
 cast down. riot; to crush. 
 
50 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 re press', to press back; to 
 
 quiet; to subdue. 
 1x' re pres" si ble, that may 
 
 not be repressed, {ir-, P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: press, pressure, impress, print. 
 
 c. Use; oppression, expressive, depression. 
 
 173. ma' nus, the hand. 
 
 ex press', to utter; to de- 
 clare; to press out, as 
 juice from fruit. 
 
 man' u al, relating to the 
 hand; performed by hand, 
 . as manual labor, 
 man' u mit", to set free from 
 
 slavery. 
 ma nip' u late, to handle; to 
 work over with the hands. 
 a man' u en" sis, one who 
 does handwriting for an- 
 other. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: manage, manicure, 
 able, manufacture. 
 
 man' a cles, chains; hand- 
 cuffs. 
 
 ma neu' ver, to manage; to 
 handle skillfully, as a gen- 
 eral manages an army. 
 
 main' te nance, support; the 
 act of supporting. 
 
 man' i ffist, to make plain; 
 to make appear. Johnxiv: 
 22. 
 
 emancipate, manuscript, unmanage- 
 
 174. la' bi (lapsus), to fall; to slip. 
 
 col laps' i ble, that may col- 
 
 lap' sus, a slip; an error. 
 e lapse', to pass away, as 
 
 time. 
 col lapse', to fall inward, as 
 
 walls; to shrink, {col-, 
 
 P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Write prefixes and suffixes, and their meanings. 
 
 re lapse', to fall, or fail, again; 
 
 to become sick again. 
 lapse, to fail; to commit 
 
 fault; to omit a duty. 
 
 verb, a word that expresses 
 
 action or being. 
 ad' verb, a word joined to a 
 
 verb, etc., to modify the 
 
 sense. 
 
 175. ver' bum, a word. 
 
 ver bos' i ty, wordiness; ver- 
 boseness. 
 
 prov' erb, a short sentence 
 much used and full of wis- 
 dom. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 51 
 
 ver' bal, relating to words; 
 
 relating to verbs; oral, 
 ver b5se', full of words; very 
 
 wordy, (-ose, S.) 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ver' bi age, verbosity; of 
 
 many words, 
 ver ba' tim, word for word; 
 
 exact copy. 
 
 176. rum' pe re (ruptum), to break. 
 
 ab rupt', sudden ; hasty. 
 cor rupt', base; without 
 
 honor; rotten, {cor-, P.) 
 rup' ture, to break; to burst, 
 
 as a blood vessel. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 dis rupt', to tear apart. 
 
 ir nip' tion, a rushing in; an 
 
 invasion, (ir-, P.) 
 rout, retreat of a broken 
 
 army. 
 
 h. Use: bankrupt, eruption, interruption, disruption. 
 
 177. e' quus, a horse 
 
 e' quine, relating to the horse. 
 e ques' tri an, a horseman, 
 e ques' tri enne", a horse- 
 woman. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 eq' uer ry, an oflScer in charge 
 
 of horses. 
 eq' m ta" tion, art of riding 
 
 horseback. 
 
 178. me ti' ri (mensus), to measure. 
 
 mete, to measure. Luke 
 vi : 38. 
 
 metes, limits; boundaries. 
 
 im men' si ty, unbounded ex- 
 tent; infinity (305). 
 
 com men' su rate, of equal 
 measure; proportionate. 
 
 com men' su ra ble, having a 
 common measure. 
 
 men' su ra" tion, act or art 
 of measuring. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: measure, immeasurable, immense, dimension. 
 
 179. for' ma, shape; form. 
 
 form, shape; figure; appear- 
 ance. 
 
 con form', to comply; to act 
 in accord; to become of 
 the same form. 
 
 for' mu late, to reduce to a 
 
 formula. 
 non' con form" ist, one who 
 
 does not conform, as to the 
 
 rules of a church. 
 
52 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 for' mal, having form; cere- 
 monious; regular (337). 
 
 for' mu la, a rule ; a regula- 
 tion; a recipe (527). 
 
 trans' form, to change form, 
 for mal' i ty, a ceremony; a 
 
 formal proceeding, as in 
 
 manner or conduct. 
 
 a. Use: deform, deformity, reform, uniform (58), informal. 
 
 180. mer' ge re (mersum), to dip; to plunge. 
 
 merge, to mingle; to unite; 
 
 to be absorbed; to meet 
 
 and mix as the waters of 
 
 two streams. 
 e merge', to come forth; to 
 
 rise, as out of the water. 
 e mer' sion, act of emerging. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: submersion, immersion. 
 
 e mer' gen cy, a sudden oc- 
 casion of need; a pressing 
 necessity, (-ency, S.) 
 
 sub merge', to sink; to go 
 under water. 
 
 im merse', to put under 
 water; to submerge. 
 
 181. un' da, a wave. 
 
 un' du late, to move like a 
 
 wave, 
 un' du la" tion, a motion like 
 
 that of a wave; a wavelikc 
 
 form, as rolling hills and 
 
 valleys. 
 in' un da" tion, an overflow, 
 
 as of a river. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 re dun' dant, more than 
 enough, as words in a sen- 
 tence. 
 
 su' per a bound", to be in too 
 great abundance. 
 
 re dound', to flow back, as 
 effect, as, " Study will re- 
 dound to our future good." 
 
 b. Use: abound, abundant, abundance, inundate. 
 
 182. fer' re (latum), to bear; to carry (236). 
 
 e late', to fill with confidence 
 (335) ; to puff up. 
 
 col late', to bring together, 
 as facts in proof. 
 
 col la' tion, a putting to- 
 gether; a repast. 
 
 tr&ns late', to interpret; to 
 express in another lan- 
 guage; to remove. 
 
 prel' ate, a bishop; a digni- 
 tary (202) of the church. 
 (pre-, P.) 
 
PART ONE 53 
 
 cor' re late', to place in rela- ob la' tion, religious offering; 
 
 tion with each other. sacrifice (383). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: relate, relating, relative, translation, superlative, ela- 
 tion. 
 
 183. la' bor, toil; work. 
 
 be la' bor, to beat soundly. col lab' o rate, to work to- 
 e lab' o rate, to make thought gether, as joint authors, 
 
 clear, as though with great lab' o ra to ry, a workshop, 
 labor; to labor upon. as of a chemist, etc. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: labor, laborer, laborious, labor-saving. 
 
 184. dam na' re, to condenm. dam' raxva., damage. 
 
 dami^, to condemn; to curse. dam' age, to injure; to harm; 
 
 con dem^f', to blame; to find to cause loss. 
 
 guilty. Joh ix : 20. in dem' ni fy, to pay for dam- 
 
 con' dem na"tion, blame; act age done. 
 
 of finding guilty. in dem' ni ty, payment for 
 
 damage. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Show prefixes and su£Bxes. 
 
 185. cri' men (criminis), a crime. 
 
 crime, a breaking of the law re crim' i nate, to accuse in 
 
 of the state. return; to throw back a 
 
 crim' i nal, a lawbreaker. charge. 
 
 crim' i nate, to accuse of re crim' i na" tion, act of re- 
 crime, criminating. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 186. scri' be re, to write (239). 
 
 as cribe', to think to be cir' cum scribe", to bound; 
 
 caused by. Joh xxx^-i : 3; to inclose; to keep within 
 
 Ps. lx^-iii : 34. limits (476). 
 
54 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 su per scribe", to write upon, 
 or above, as the address 
 upon an envelope. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pro scribe', to condemn; to 
 outlaw; to denounce (369). 
 
 tran scribe', to make a copy 
 of a writing. 
 
 6. Use: describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe, scribble. 
 187. o' pus (operis), a work. 
 
 op' er a, a great literary work 
 adapted in musical form 
 for the stage. 
 
 CO op' er ate, to work to- 
 gether, (co-, P.) 
 
 CO op' er a' tion, act of work- 
 ing together. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in op' er a tive, inactive; un- 
 able to work; not working. 
 
 op' er a tive, working; at 
 work. 
 
 op' er a' tor, a worker; espe- 
 cially one who operates or 
 works a machine. 
 
 6. Write the prefixes and suffixes, and show meanings. 
 188. vin' ce re (victum), to conquer. 
 
 vie' tor, one who wins in any 
 contest, as a battle; a con- 
 queror (448). 
 
 vie' to ry, success in a con- 
 test. 
 
 vao' quish, to overcome; to 
 defeat. 
 
 in vin' ci ble, unconquerable, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 b. Use: victorious, eviction, convincing, conviction, 
 
 e vince', to show; to prove; 
 
 to manifest (173). 
 e vict', to eject lawfully; to 
 
 drive out. 
 con vince', to satisfy by 
 
 proof. Job xxxii : 12. 
 con vict', to condemn; to 
 
 prove guilty. 
 
 189. 
 
 im pe' ri um, command 
 
 im pe' ri al, relating to the 
 power of an empire, or em- 
 peror; supreme. 
 
 im pe' ri al igm, imperial au- 
 thority; practice of exten- 
 sion of empire. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: empire, emperor, empress, imperatively, imperiously, 
 
 im p6r' a tive, commanding; 
 authoritative; n. a mode in 
 grammar. 
 
 im pe' ri ous, haughty; ty- 
 rannical; overbearing in 
 manner. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 55 
 
 190. li ga' re (ligatum), to tie; to bind. 
 
 li' en (le), legal claim of a 
 creditor to property. 
 
 SI li' ance, a union; a join- 
 ing of forces; a league. 
 
 (««-, P.) 
 al ly', a party to an alliance; 
 
 a confederate. 
 re ly', to put trust in; to 
 depend upon with con- 
 fidence. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: league, liable, reliable, rally. 
 
 c. Use: oblige, disoblige, obligation, allies. 
 
 ob' li ga to ry, binding; hav- 
 ing the nature of an obliga- 
 tion. 
 
 al' li ga" tion, act of binding 
 together; a rule in arith- 
 metic. 
 
 lig' a ment, a band connect- 
 ing bones of a living body. 
 
 lig' a ture, anything that 
 binds; a bond; a bandage. 
 
 191. frons (frontis), the brow; the front. 
 
 con frdnt', to stand against; 
 
 to oppose. [head. 
 
 fron' tal, relating to the fore- 
 front' age, the front of a 
 
 building, or piece of land; 
 
 extent of front. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 af frdnt', to offend; to insult 
 
 (519). [pudence. 
 
 ef front' er y, boldness; im- 
 
 fron' tis piece {specere, 306), 
 
 the picture page fronting 
 
 the title page in a book. 
 
 5. Use: front, frontier, confronted, affronted. 
 
 192. te ne' re (tentum), to hold; to keep (334). 
 
 ten' a ble, that may be held, 
 or upheld. [or rent. 
 
 ten' ant, a holder, as by lease 
 
 ten' ure, the duration, as of 
 a tenant's holdings. 
 
 ten' et, a rule or doctrine to 
 be kept. 
 
 ten' e ment, a house, or sep- 
 arate part of a house; a 
 habitation. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ten' or, the holding or con- 
 tinuing in any course; na- 
 ture. Gen. xliii : 7. 
 
 con' tent, what is contained; 
 substance. 
 
 te na' clous, holding fast, 
 (-acioits, S.) [fast. 
 
 te nac' i ty, the power to hold 
 
 per' ti na" cious, holding ob- 
 stinately (389). 
 
 b. Use: detain, detention, retain, retention, contain, obtain, tenon. 
 
56 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 193. ca' put (capitis), the head 
 chat' tjjlg, movable property, & chieve', to finish success 
 
 as goods, or furniture 
 cap' i ta" tion, numbering by 
 
 heads; head, or poll, tax. 
 chief tain, the head man, as 
 
 of a tribe. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: captain, chapter, capitol, capital, cattle. 
 
 c. Use: chief, decapitate, precipice. 
 
 fully. 
 
 ca pit' u late, to yield; to sur- 
 render. 
 
 pre cip' i tate, to throw head- 
 long. 
 
 194. spe ra' re, to hope. 
 
 des' per ate, reckless; given pros' per, to improve; to 
 
 over to despair. Job vi : grow; to succeed. Ps. 
 
 26. i : 3. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: despair, desperado, desperation, prosperous, prosperity. 
 
 195. 
 
 cu' rate, a clergyman. 
 
 cu ra' tor, a guardian. 
 
 proc' u ra tor, one who man- 
 ages (173) the affairs (342) 
 of another. 
 
 proc' tor, a procurator; an 
 officer in a college or uni- 
 versity. 
 
 CU ra, care; cure. 
 
 prox' y, a person authorized 
 to act for another. 
 
 ac' curate, free from error; 
 exact; correct. 
 
 si' ne cure, an office or a 
 position requiring little or 
 no work, {sine, without; 
 cure, care.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: curable, procure, secure, security, curious, curiosity, 
 
 inaccurate. 
 
 196. sa' lus (salutis), health; safety. 
 
 sa lute', to greet; to wel- 
 come. I Sam. X : 4. 
 
 sal' u ta" tion, greeting; wel- 
 coming; wishing health. 
 
 sa lu' ta to ry, relating to sal- 
 utation. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: insalubrious, unsalutary, salutatorian. 
 
 sal' u ta ry, conducive to 
 
 safety or health. 
 sa lu' bri ous, healthful, as 
 
 climate, 
 sa lu' bri ty, quality of being 
 
 salubrious. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 57 
 
 197. mo ne' re (monitum), to warn; to remind, 
 mon' strum, an omen, mon stra' re, to show. 
 
 ad mon' ish, to warn; to ad- 
 vise. Eccles. xii : 12. 
 ad' mo ni" tion, a warning; 
 
 solemn advice. 
 ad mon' i to ry, that conveys 
 
 admonition. 
 pre' mo ni" tion, an inward 
 forewarning. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: ' summon, muster, 
 remonstrance. 
 
 mon' i tor, one who admon- 
 ishes. 
 
 mon' i to ry, giving advice, 
 or warning. 
 
 mon stros' i ty, that which is 
 monstrous; a monster. 
 
 dem' on strate, to prove; to 
 show; to make plain. 
 
 monster, monstrous, monument, 
 
 198. cul' pa, a fault. 
 
 cul' pa ble, at fault; blam- ex cul' pate, to clear; to 
 
 able. prove innocent (538); to 
 
 cul' prit, one who is guilty, or excuse, 
 
 charged with guUt. in cul' pate, to blame. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: culpably, culpability, exculpation. 
 
 199. plau' de re (plausum), to applaud. 
 
 ap plaud', to cheer; to praise 
 
 (157). 
 ap plauge', act of cheering, or 
 
 applauding. 
 ex plode', to burst with a 
 loud noise; to come to a 
 sudden end. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: explosive, plauditory, plausibility, 
 
 ex plo' sion, act or soimd of 
 exploding. 
 
 plau' dit, an act of applause; 
 a cheer. 
 
 plau' si ble, seemingly cor- 
 rect, or worthy of approval 
 (201). 
 
 200. vo ve' re, to vow. vo' turn, a vow. 
 
 vow, to promise solemnly; to 
 pledge. 
 
 a vow', to declare openly. 
 
 a vow' al, an open declara- 
 tion. 
 
 de vout', pious; religious; 
 
 earnest. 
 de vo' tion, piety; prayer, 
 vo' ta ry, one devoted to a 
 
 faith or a cause. 
 
58 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 dis a vow', to deny; to dis- 
 own, 
 vo' tive, vowed; in fulfillment 
 of a vow. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: devotional, devoted, devoutly, voter, 
 
 v5te, a wish; a ballot; a 
 voice for or against, as in 
 an election (314). 
 
 201. pro ba' re (probatum), to prove. 
 
 approve', to commend; to 
 consent; to confirm. 
 
 ap' pro ba" tion, act of ap- 
 proving. 
 
 re proof, expression of blame; 
 censure (416). 
 
 rep' ro ba" tion, severe dis- 
 approval. 
 
 probe, to examine; to search 
 
 to the bottom, 
 pro' bate, to make official 
 
 proof, as of a will in court 
 
 (227). 
 pro ba' tion, act of proving; 
 
 examination. 
 prob' i ty, approved honesty. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: proof, probable, prove, disapprove, reprove. 
 
 202. dig' nus, worthy. 
 
 dig' ni fy, to honor; to con- 
 fer honor upon. 
 
 con dign', deserved; fit; suit- 
 able. 
 
 deign {dan), to vouchsafe; to 
 condescend. 
 
 dig' ni ta ry, a man in high 
 
 position, or office. 
 dig' ni ty, worth; honor; high 
 
 character, 
 in dig' ni ty, an unworthy 
 
 act; an affront. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: dainty, disdain, indignant, indignation. 
 
 203. u' ti (usus), to use. 
 
 u' gu ry, unlawful interest. u til' i ta" ri an, relating to 
 
 Ex. xxii : 25. utility, as in comparison 
 
 u' ti lize, to make use of. with beauty, etc. 
 
 ii til' i ty, usefulness. pe ruge', to read through. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: misuse, abuse, utensil, useful, useless, usual, usage, usable. 
 
 204. ig' nis, fire, agni, fire. 
 
 ig nits', to set on fire; to 
 begin to burn. 
 
 ig nes' cent, that may be 
 ignited, {-escent, S.) 
 
PART ONE 59 
 
 ig ni' tion, act of setting on Ig' nls fat' u us (478), "false 
 
 fire. fire"; a will o' the wisp; 
 
 ig' ne ous, having the nature a jack o' lantern, 
 of fire. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 205. du' ce re, to lead (96; 333). 
 
 re diice', to diminish; to sub- re due' tion, act of reducing. 
 
 due: — to change. in' tro diice", to lead in; to 
 re du' ci ble, that may be re- make known, (intro-, P.) 
 
 duced. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: conduct, produce, product, introduction. 
 
 206. pel' le re (pulsum), to beat; to drive. 
 
 im pel', to force; to urge for- re pul' sive, offensive; that 
 
 ward. which drives away; repel- 
 
 im' pulse, an impelling force. lent. 
 
 im pul' sion, act of impelling. pro pel', to force out or f or- 
 
 dis pel', to scatter; to drive ward, as steam moves a 
 
 away, as grief or fear. ship. 
 
 re pel' lent, that which re- pul sa' tion, act of beating, 
 
 pels; offensive. as a pulse. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: impulsive, expel, expulsion, repel, compel, compulsory, 
 
 pulse. 
 
 207. ere a' re (creatum), to make; to create. 
 
 ere ate', to make; to bring erea' tiire, a living thing; 
 
 into existence (158). something created. Gen. 
 
 ere a' tion, act of creating; ii : 19. 
 
 the universe (58; 408). ere a' tive, having the power 
 
 ere a' tor, one who creates; to create. 
 
 the Supreme Being. Eccles. ree' re a" tion, rest; amuse- 
 
 xii, 1. ment. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
60 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 208. lu' men, light. 
 
 il lu' mine, to throw light 
 
 upon. 
 il lu' mi nate, to enlighten; 
 
 to adorn, as with pictures. 
 
 lu' mi na ry, that which gives 
 light, as the sun, moon, etc. 
 lu' mi nous, shining; giving 
 light. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: illumination, luminosity, limn. 
 
 209. cla' rus, bright; clear. 
 clSr' i ty, clearness, as of the cl&r' at, a kind of wine. 
 
 sky, or of the mind 
 
 dec' la ra" tion, act of de- 
 claring. 
 
 clSr' i net, a musical instru- 
 ment. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 chan' ti cleer, the cock. 
 
 ciair voy' ant (315), clear 
 sighted; able to see more 
 or less of spiritual (321) 
 realities. 
 
 6. Use: clear, clearance, clarify, declare, clarion. 
 210. di' es, a day (89). 
 
 di' al, a timepiece; the face 
 of a watch or clock. 
 
 di ux' nal, daily; relating to 
 daytime. 
 
 me rid' i an, relating to mid- 
 day (529); the highest 
 point or stage of progress; 
 a circle of longitude. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 me rid' i o nal, southerly; 
 pertaining to the south. 
 
 quo tid' i an, daily; occur- 
 ring every day. 
 
 si' tie di' e, without appoint- 
 ing a day, as for a future 
 meeting, {sine, without; 
 dies, a day.) 
 
 ru' by, a precious stone of 
 red color. Job xxviii : 18. 
 
 ru' brie, a title, heading, rule, 
 etc., formerly printed or 
 written in red ink. 
 
 ru' bi cund, inclining to red- 
 ness, as the face; reddish, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 211. ru'ber, red. 
 
 ru' be fa" cient (419), an ap- 
 plication that causes red- 
 ness, as a mustard plaster. 
 
 ru bes' cent, growing red; 
 tending to redness. 
 
 ru bes' cence, state of being 
 rubescent. 
 
PAET ONE 
 
 61 
 
 212. sol, the sun. 
 
 so' lar, relating to the sun. 
 sol' stice (389), time when 
 
 day and night are equal, 
 sol sti' tial, relating to times 
 
 of solstice, 
 in' so late, to expose to the 
 
 sun. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in' so la" tion, exposure to 
 the sun; a sunstroke. 
 
 p5r' a sol (133), a small um- 
 brella (110) used for pro- 
 tection from the sun; a 
 sunshade. 
 
 213. o ri' ri, to arise. 
 
 o' ri ent, the east; rising, as 
 the sun. 
 
 o ri en' tal, eastern. Orien- 
 tal, an Easterner, especially 
 an East Asian. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: origin, original, originate, orientation 
 
 ab' o rig" i ne§, earliest in- 
 habitants (152) of a coun- 
 try. 
 
 ab' o rig" i nal, first; native; 
 original. 
 
 214. sur' ge re (siirrectum), to rise; to spring 
 
 surge, to rise high; to swell. 
 re sur' gent, rising again, 
 in sur' gent, one who rises 
 
 in rebellion, 
 re source', that to which one 
 
 goes for help; supply. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: resourceful, resources, surging. 
 
 in' sur rec" tion, rebellion; a 
 rising against government. 
 
 re§' ur rec" tion, rising from 
 the dead; future life. 
 
 source, a spring; that from 
 which anything is produced. 
 
 215. pa re' re, to appear; to be present. 
 
 ap pear', to come into view; 
 
 to seem. 
 dis ap pear', to withdraw 
 
 from view. 
 dis ap pear' ance, withdrawal 
 
 from view. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: appearance, apparently, transparence, 
 
 sight; 
 
 ap pfir' ent, within 
 clear; seeming. 
 
 trans pfir' ent, allowing light 
 to pass through. 
 
 ap' pa ri" tion, an appear- 
 ance; a specter (306). 
 
62 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 216. ci ta' re, to call; to rouse; to cite, ci e' re, to 
 excite. 
 
 cite, to summon to appear in cite', to urge; to stir up. 
 
 in court; to quote. in cite' ment, a motive; an 
 ci ta' tion, act of citing; a incentive (129). 
 
 passage quoted, as the pas- re sus' ci tate, to bring back 
 
 sage from Job (211). to life. 
 
 re ci' tal, a narration; an so lip' it, to apply to, as for 
 
 account. help. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: recite, recitation, excite, excitable, solicitude. 
 
 217. mit' te re (missum), to send. 
 
 mes' sen ger, one who carries com mit' tee, persons to 
 
 a message. whom may be committed 
 
 re mit', to send, as payment; any work or duty. 
 
 to forgive. pre' ter mit", to pass by; to 
 
 re mit' tance, money sent. omit, {preter-, P.) 
 
 em' is sa ry, one sent for a com mis' sion, act of commit- 
 
 purpose; a spy. ting; an order; a charge. 
 
 e mit', to send forth. sur mi§e', to imagine; to 
 
 trins mit', to send from one guess. 
 
 place to another; to trans- pre mige', to say, or explain, 
 
 fer (236). beforehand. 
 
 o mit', to leave out; to neg- com" pro mige', to settle by 
 
 lect. each side's yielding some- 
 mis' sive, that which is sent; thing; to meet half-way. 
 
 a letter. re miss', at fault; careless; 
 
 mis' sile, a weapon thrown. neglectful. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: message, admit, submit, permit, commit, promise. 
 
 c. Use: dismiss, mission, intermission, mass (a religious rite). 
 
 218. an' ge lus, L. (from G. ayyeXos), a messenger; a 
 bringer of good tidings. 
 
 an' gel, a heavenly mes- e van' gel ist, one of the 
 
 senger. writers of the gospel; a 
 
 &n gel' ic, like an angel. preacher. II Tim. iv : 5. 
 
PART ONE 63 
 
 e van' gel, the gospel. e van gel' i cal, pertaining to 
 
 arch' an' gel, an angel of the gospel, 
 
 highest rank. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 219. splen de' re, to shine. 
 
 splen' dor, brightness; bril- splen' did ly, in a splendid 
 
 liancy; magnificence. manner. 
 
 splen' did, shining; brilliant; re splen' dent, bright; shin- 
 magnificent (362; 419). ing back splendidly, 
 u. Illustrate. 
 
 220. pen de' re (pensum), to hang. 
 
 de pend', to be undecided; im pend', to hang over; to 
 
 to rely on for support. threaten, 
 
 sus pend', to hang to some- pend' ent, supported from 
 
 thing above; to delay. above; hanging down. 
 
 (sus-, for subs-, P.) pend' ant, any hanging orna- 
 
 ap pend', to hang to, as by a ment. 
 
 string; to add; to annex. ap pend' age, that which is 
 
 in de pend' ent (See 10). appended, or added to. 
 
 pend' ing, not yet decided; ap pen' dix, something added, 
 
 in suspense. as at the close of a book. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 &. Use: suspense, suspenders, pendulum, independence, depend- 
 ent, perpendicular. 
 
 221. ves' tis, a garment. 
 
 ves' try, a sacristy (383) ; a in vest' ment, act of invest- 
 
 room Ln which church vest- ing; placing money for se- 
 
 ments, etc., are kept. curity or profit, 
 
 in ves' ti ture, act of cloth- trav' es ty, a ridiculous dis- 
 
 ing with authority. guise. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: vest, divest, vesture, invest, vested. 
 
 222. de' cus, ornament, de ce' re, to observe propriety. 
 
 de' cent, modest; proper; be- dec' o rate, to adorn; to em- 
 
 coming, hellish. 
 
64 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 de CO' rum, decency; pro- 
 priety of manner or con- 
 duct. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: decent, decency, indecorous, decoration, 
 
 de co' rous, of becoming 
 manners or conduct; de- 
 cent. 
 
 223. no' ta, a^ mark. 
 
 con note, to suggest; to im- 
 ply something in addition. 
 " Growth connotes life." 
 
 an' no ta" tion, a note; a 
 comment. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 no' ta ble, worthy of note; 
 
 remarkable, as a notable 
 
 speech. 
 no' ta ry, a legal officer who 
 
 attests deeds, etc. 
 
 6. Use: note, denote, noted, notation. 
 
 224. nor' ma, a rule; a pattern. 
 
 nor' mal, according to rule; 
 methodical (489); regular 
 (337). 
 
 ab nor' mal, irregular; op- 
 posite of normal. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 e nor' mous, huge; very 
 large. 
 
 e nor' mi ty, greatness, as of 
 crime; enormous wicked- 
 ness. 
 
 225. lex (legis), a law. 
 
 loy' al, true to a cause. 
 
 dis loy' al, unfaithful. 
 
 leal, loyal. 
 
 leg' ate, an ambassador, es- 
 pecially from the Pope. 
 
 il le' gal, not legal. (tZ-, for 
 in-, P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 leg' a tee", one to whom 
 property is left by will. 
 
 rel' e gate, to send; to place; 
 to banish. 
 
 le git' i mate, lawful. 
 
 16g' is la" tion, act of mak- 
 ing laws. 
 
 6. Use: legal, legacy, delegate, privilege (226). 
 
 226. pri' vus, private; one's own. 
 
 particular; not priv' i lege (225), a private 
 
 right, {lex, law; privus, 
 private.) 
 
 pri' vate, 
 
 public; belonging to an in 
 dividual 
 
PART ONE 
 
 65 
 
 dep' ri va" tion, loss; act of 
 depriving, or taking away. 
 
 pri' va teer, an armed private 
 vessel. 
 
 pri va' tion, want; lack of 
 
 anything; distress (288). 
 priv' i ly, secretly; privately. 
 
 Acts xvi : 37. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: privately, privacy, deprive. 
 
 227. co' hers, a court. 
 
 court, an enclosure, as a yard, co hort', a body of Roman 
 
 a great hall, etc.; a royal soldiers, 
 
 or legal chamber of cere- court' ier, one who attends 
 
 monies. at a royal court. 
 
 a. Use: court-house, court-martial (91), courteous, discourteous, 
 courtly, courtesy. 
 
 228. pe' te re, to seek. 
 
 com pete', to strive with 
 others for the same object 
 (411). 
 
 com' pe tent, able; having 
 sufficient power or ability. 
 
 pe H' tion, a request; a pray- 
 er. Daniel vi : 7. 
 
 im' pe tus, a force; an im- 
 pulse (206); that which 
 urges. 
 
 im pet' u ous, violent; very 
 rapid; furious. 
 
 pet' u lant, fretful, as when 
 one seeks and is denied. 
 {-ulant, S.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: repeat, repetition, competition, appetite, petulance. 
 
 229. fa' ma, fame, 
 honor 
 
 fa' ri, to speak. 
 
 fame, reputation; 
 amongst men. 
 
 in' fa my, disgrace; bad re- 
 pute. 
 
 fa' ble, a fictitious (442) 
 story. 
 
 in' fant, a young child, {in, 
 not; Sari, to speak.) 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: infancy, famous, infamous, fabulous, preface. 
 
 af' fa ble, friendly; of cour- 
 teous speech. 
 
 af' fa bil" i ty, kindness of 
 speech and manner. 
 
 in ef ' fa ble, beyond descrip- 
 tion; unspeakable. 
 
 pref ' a to ry, relating to a 
 preface or first speech. 
 
66 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 230. mal' le us, a hammer 
 
 mal' let, a light wooden ham- 
 mer. 
 
 maul, a heavy hammer; a 
 wooden hammer. 
 
 maul' ing, a heavy beating. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 mal' le a ble, that may be 
 beaten into other shapes, 
 as metal. 
 
 mal' le a bil" i ty, state of be- 
 ing malleable. 
 
 231. tor que' re (tortum), to twist. 
 
 tor' tu ous, crooked; wind- 
 ing; twisting. 
 
 con tor' tion, twisting mo- 
 tion, as of the body or face. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: torment, torture, retort, extortion, distort, 
 
 tor' sion, act of twisting. 
 dis tor' tion, a twisting out 
 
 of place, or out of true 
 
 meaning. 
 
 232. dens (dentis), a tooth, 
 den' tl frlfe, a paste, powder, in' den ta" tion, a notch; a 
 
 or liquid for the teeth. 
 
 den ti' tion, the growth and 
 cutting of teeth. 
 
 tri' dent, a three-pronged in- 
 strument (324). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 space m a margm, etc. 
 
 in den' ture, a written con- 
 tract (87). 
 
 dan" de 11' on, a flower. 
 (dens, tooth; leo, lion.) 
 
 6. Use: dent, dentist, dental, indent, indention. 
 233. ca' per (capri), a goat. 
 
 ca' per, to leap; to play; to 
 
 dance about. 
 cap' ri corn, a group of stars; 
 
 one of the constellations. 
 cap' ri die, a leap, or caper, 
 
 as of a horse. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ca price', a sudden notion or 
 start of the mind; a fancy. 
 
 ca pri' cious, full of caprice; 
 notionate; unreliable. 
 
 ca prI' cious ly, unreliably; 
 with caprice. 
 
 234. so' lus, alone. 
 
 sole, alone; single; only: 
 unmarried. 
 
 so' 16, an air sung or played 
 by one person. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 67 
 
 des' o la" tion, act of desolat- 
 ing, or laying waste; de- 
 struction. Zeph. i : 15. 
 
 so lil' o quy (474), act of 
 talking to one's self. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 sol' i take", one who lives 
 alone; a game played by 
 one person. 
 
 sul' len, silent; gloomy; dis- 
 posed to be alone. 
 
 6. Use: solitary, solitude, desolate, solely. 
 
 235. he' res (heredis), an heir. 
 
 he red' i ta ry, belonging to 
 a family; from father to 
 son. 
 
 her' it a ble, that may be in- 
 herited. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 her' it age, property inher- 
 ited. Ps. xvi : 6. 
 
 he red' i ty, passing of fam- 
 ily hkeness and quality 
 from parent to child. 
 
 6. Use: heir, heiress, inherit, inheritance, heirloom, disinherit. 
 
 236. fer' re (latum), to bear; to carry (182). 
 
 re fer', to direct to another; 
 
 to submit; to relate (182). 
 con fer', to advise together; 
 
 to consult; to give; to 
 
 grant. 
 de fer', to yield to another's 
 
 wish; to put off to another 
 
 time. 
 def er ence, jrielding to an- 
 other's opinion; regard; 
 
 respect (306). 
 
 def er en" tial, respectful. 
 
 in fer', to conclude or under- 
 stand from something said 
 or done. 
 
 in' fer ence, act of inferring. 
 
 prof fer, to propose; to offer. 
 
 trans fer', to convey from 
 one to another. 
 
 fer til' i ty, fruitfulness. 
 
 fer' lile, fruitful; bearing 
 well. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: differ, prefer, offer, suffer, interfere. 
 
 237. crux (crucis), a cross. 
 
 cru sade', a war for the pos- 
 session of the Holy Land. 
 
 cru sa' der, one who engaged 
 in a crusade. 
 
 cru' cial, that which tests 
 severely; painful; trying. 
 
 cru' ci form, having the form 
 of a cross. 
 
68 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 cro' gier, the official staff of crux, a matter difficult to 
 
 a bishop or abbot. understand or achieve 
 
 ex cru' ci at ing, very pain- (193). 
 
 ful. cru' ci fy (See 136). 
 
 a. Use: cross, cruise, cruiser, across. 
 
 238. mo' dus, manner; measure. 
 
 mood, state of mind; dis- 
 position (360). [ner. 
 mode, fashion; form; man- 
 mod' i fy, to change for the 
 better; to limit; to reduce. 
 mod" er a' tor, a chairman; 
 a presiding officer; one 
 who governs. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: model, moody, 
 
 modern, commodity. 
 
 mod' er ate, to keep within 
 bounds; to govern. 
 
 com mo' di ous, roomy; con- 
 venient (370). 
 
 in' com mode", to trouble; to 
 cause inconvenience. 
 
 mod' u late, to tone down, 
 or soften, as the voice. 
 
 accommodate, moderation, modest. 
 
 239. scri' be re (scriptum), to write (186). 
 
 scrlve' ner, one who makes 
 a business of drawing up 
 contracts. 
 
 de scrip' tive, that describes. 
 
 pre scrip' tion, a fixed cus- 
 tom; a recipe (527). 
 
 sub scrip' tion, act of sub- 
 scribing; a signature. 
 
 su' per scrip" tion, what is 
 written upon something, 
 as the address on a letter. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pro scrip' tion, condemna- 
 tion; act of proscribing. 
 
 in scrip' tion, anything writ- 
 ten or engraved. Acts 
 xvii : 23. 
 
 post' script, something added 
 after the main part of a 
 letter has been written. 
 {post-, P.) 
 
 con' script, one forced to 
 serve in the army. 
 
 b. Use: scribe, script, manuscript, scripture, description. 
 
 240. de li' ce re, to allure; to delight. 
 
 del' i cate, giving pleasure; 
 refined; nice. 
 
 de lee' ta ble, pleasing; de- 
 lightful. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 69 
 
 del' i ca cy, refinement; that 
 which gives delight. 
 
 del' i ca tes' sen, prepared 
 delicacies, as food; place 
 where delicacies are sold. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: delight, delightful, delicious, deUcately. 
 
 241. ra' di us, a ray. 
 
 ra' di al, belonging to a ray 
 
 or a radius. 
 ra' di ance, brightness, as of 
 
 the sun's rays. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: ray, radius, radiant, radiator, 
 
 ra' di ate, to throw out, as 
 
 rays from a center. 
 Ir ra' di ate, to shine upon; 
 
 to throw rays upon. 
 
 242. bi' be re, to drink. 
 
 im bibe', to drink, 
 bib' ber, a drinker. [chin. 
 bib, a short apron under the 
 bev' er age, any drink. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 bib' u lous, easily absorbing 
 moisture; drinking. 
 
 bi ba' cious, given to drink- 
 ing. 
 
 243. po ta' re, to drink. 
 
 po ta' tion, a drink, 
 po' ta ble, drinkable, 
 po' ta ble§, liquids suited for 
 drinking. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 po' tion, a draught, or drink. 
 
 poi' gon, any substance dead- 
 ly or harmful when applied 
 to the body. 
 
 244. cer' ne re (cretum), to sift; to decide. 
 
 dig cern (di zurn'), to see; to 
 discover. Job vi : 29. 
 
 con cern', to interest; to 
 trouble; to make one 
 think. 
 
 dis crim' i nate, to observe 
 differences; to judge. 
 
 de cree', a general command, 
 as from a monarch. Prov. 
 viii : 15. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: secret, secretary, discreet, discretion. 
 
70 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 245. sors (sortis), a lot; a share. 
 
 as sort', to arrange; to sort; 
 
 to put together things of 
 
 a kind, 
 con sort', to associate with 
 
 (375). 
 sort, to arrange in order; to 
 
 classify. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: unassorted, consorting, out of sorts, sorcerer, sorceress. 
 
 as sort' ment, act of assort- 
 ing; a group or class 
 formed by assorting. 
 
 re gort', a place much fre- 
 quented. 
 
 sor' cer y, enchantment; 
 
 witchcraft; magic. 
 
 246. cli na' re, to incline. 
 
 in cline', to lean; to bend; 
 to turn towards, as in 
 thought, etc. 
 
 dec' li na" tion, act of de- 
 clining; a descent; a go- 
 ing down. 
 
 ac cliv' i ty, a rising inclina- 
 tion, as a hill; a steep 
 slope upwards. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use; lean, inclination, decline, decUvity, recline, 
 
 pro cliv' i ty, a leaning to- 
 wards, as to any business 
 or occupation, 
 
 clin' i cal, pertaining to bed- 
 ridden patients. 
 
 de clen' sion, act of declin- 
 ing; a falling off, as from 
 goodness; variation of 
 nouns. 
 
 247. be' ne, well, bo' nus, good. 
 
 ben' e fac" tion (418), a deed 
 of kindness. 
 
 be nign', mild; kind; hu- 
 mane; good. 
 
 be nig' ni ty, kindness; good- 
 ness of heart. 
 
 ben' e flee, a benefit, or ad- 
 vantage; a living for a 
 minister. 
 
 ben' e fi" cial, bringing good; 
 conferring benefits. 
 
 be nef i cent, kind; confer- 
 ring benefactions. 
 
 be nev' o lence, good will; 
 acts springing from good 
 will. 
 
 boun' ty, good gifts; great 
 kindness. Ps. xiii : 6. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: benefit, benediction, benefactor, benevolent, bountiful. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 71 
 
 248. in' su la, an island. 
 
 in' su lar, pertaining to an 
 island; of narrow views. 
 
 in' su ISr" i ty, narrowness; 
 lack of liberal opinions. 
 
 in' sii late, to set apart. 
 
 in' sii la" tion, act of separat- 
 ing, especially from elec- 
 tric influence. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in" su la' tor, that which in- 
 sulates. 
 
 i' so late, to set apart. 
 
 pen in' su la, land almost sur- 
 rounded by water, (paene, 
 almost.) 
 
 pen in' su lar, relating to a 
 peninsula. 
 
 249. bap ti za' re, L. (from G. ^awristiv), to dip in or 
 under water. 
 
 bap' ti§m, a rite of the church. 
 
 bap tig' mal, pertaining to 
 baptism. 
 
 bap tize', to administer bap- 
 tism. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 Bap' tist, a member of the 
 Baptist church. 
 
 pe' do bap" tist, one who be- 
 lieves in or practices in- 
 fant baptism. 
 
 250. a' qua, water. 
 
 aq' ue duct (See 96). 
 
 a quat' ic, pertaining to wat- 
 er; living in water, as a 
 bird, etc. 
 
 ter ra' que ous (See 153). 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 a qua' ri um, a water tank 
 for fishes or aquatic ani- 
 mals. 
 
 a' que ous, watery; having 
 the nature of water. 
 
 251. ri' vus, a brook, ri' pa, a shore; bank of a stream. 
 
 de rive', to come from; to 
 flow out of; to proceed 
 from a source (214). 
 
 ri pa' ri an, relating to river 
 banks. 
 
 riv' age, a shore; a river 
 bank. 
 
 riv' ii let, a small stream of 
 
 water; a brook, 
 riv' er, a stream of water 
 
 larger than a brook. 
 ar rive', to come to; to 
 
 reach the end, as of a 
 
 joui-ney. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: arrival, derivation, derivative. 
 
72 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 252. cam' pus, a plain; a field. 
 
 de camp', to break up camp shim paign', flat open coun- 
 
 and march away. try. 
 
 fh&m pagne', a wine from cam paign', marches and bat- 
 
 Champagne, in France. ties for an object; field work. 
 
 a. Use: camp, encamp, encampment, champion. 
 
 253. da' re (datum), to give, i 
 
 do nate', to give. do' nor, a giver. 
 
 con done', to pardon; to for- dow' er, a gift; share of prop- 
 give; to overlook an of- erty to which a wife or 
 fense. widow is entitled. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: pardon, unpardonable, donation, endow. 
 
 254. li'ber, free. 
 
 lib' er al, generous; of broad il lib' er al, unkind; of nar- 
 
 views. Prov. xi : 25. row opinions. 
 
 lib' er al ize, to broaden; to il lib' er al" i ty, unkindness; 
 
 make liberal. lack of charity. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: liberty, liberate, deliver, deliverance. 
 
 255. mo ve' re, to move, mo' bi lis, movable. 
 
 mob, an excited, disorderly mo bil' i ty, the quality of 
 
 crowd; a multitude (105). being movable, 
 
 mo' bide, that may be moved, mo' bi li za" tion, making an 
 
 or excited (216); not im- army movable, or ready 
 
 movable. for the field. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: move, movable, movement, remove, automobile. 
 
 256. mo ve' re (motum), to move. 
 
 re mote', distant; far re- mo' men ta ry, for a very 
 
 moved. short time, 
 
 mo' tive, a moving-power; e mo' tion, a moving of the 
 
 any feeling or thought that mind; feeling; passion 
 
 moves one to act. (320). 
 
PART ONE 
 
 73 
 
 mo men' turn, quantity of 
 motion in a moving body. 
 
 mo men' tous, highly impor- 
 tant (68). 
 
 Use: promote, motion, motor, locomotion (311), locomotive, 
 mutiny. 
 
 pro mo' tion, act of promot- 
 ing; advancement (36). 
 
 mo' ment, a point of time; 
 an instant. 
 
 257. am bu la' re, to go; to walk. 
 
 am' bu lance, an ai-my car- 
 ri.ige for the wounded. 
 
 am' ble, to move both legs 
 on a side at once, as a 
 horse; to pace. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 per am' bii late, to walk 
 about; to ramble. 
 
 pre" am' ble, a preface; an 
 introduction, as to a set 
 of resolutions (354). 
 
 258. ro' ta, a wheel. 
 
 like a 
 
 ro' ta to ry, acting 
 
 wheel; turning. 
 ro ta' tion, turning, as of a 
 
 wheel, or as the earth 
 
 upon its axis. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: roD, enroll, rotate, rotunda, rotundity. 
 
 ro' ta ry, turning, as a wheel. 
 ro tund', round; circular, 
 o" ro tund' (380), open; full; 
 
 musical; a term applied to 
 
 the voice. 
 
 259. cur' re re, to run. 
 
 cur' ren cy, the money of a 
 country; state of being 
 current. Gen. xxiii : 16. 
 
 cur' ri cle, a kind of carriage. 
 
 cur ric' u lum, a course of 
 studies. 
 
 con cur', to agree in thought 
 or purpose. 
 
 con cur' rent, coming to- 
 gether; agreeing. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ft. Use: current, oocxir, courier. 
 
 re cur', to return; to hap- 
 pen again. 
 
 re cur' rent, returning; hap- 
 pening again, as the yearly 
 seasons. 
 
 in cur', to run into, as debt 
 or danger; to become lia- 
 ble to (190). 
 
 sue' cor, to help; to run to 
 help, (sttc-, for s^t6-, P.) 
 
 corridor. 
 
74 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 260. cur' re re (cursum), to run. 
 
 con' course, a coming to- 
 gether; an assembly of 
 people. 
 
 dis' course, talk; conversa- 
 tion; a speech; a sermon. 
 
 cur' so ry, hasty; running 
 over quickly, as in reading. 
 
 cur' sive, running, as a hand- 
 writing. 
 
 dis cur' sive, wandering from 
 the subject; digressive 
 (385). 
 
 pre cur' sor, one who goes 
 before; a forerunner. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: course, courser, corsair, excursion, incursion. 
 
 261. po' ser (po za', F.), to place. 
 
 po§e, to puzzle; to strike an 
 attitude (285). 
 
 dis pd§e', to place; to put in 
 order; to arrange. 
 
 dis' com poge", to disturb; to 
 disarrange. 
 
 de poge', to displace; to de- 
 prive of office. 
 
 in' dis poge", to render unfit; 
 
 to make sick, 
 su' per poge", to place upon, 
 trans poge', to put each in 
 
 place of the other. 
 ap poge', to place opposite; 
 
 to apply, as a seal to a 
 
 paper. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: oppose, repose, compose, composure, expose. 
 
 c. Use: exposure, propose, proposal, suppose, impose. 
 
 262. ce' de re (cessum), to yield; to withdraw (384). 
 
 cede, to give up ; to yield, as 
 land, etc. 
 
 ac cede', to assent; to com- 
 ply with; to yield to a re- 
 quest (448). 
 
 ac ces' so ry, giving aid; 
 helping on; abetting. 
 
 ac ces' sion, increase; act of 
 coming into possession or 
 power. 
 
 con cede', to grant; to ad- 
 mit; to allow; to yield. 
 
 re cede', to withdraw; to 
 give back. 
 
 a. Use: cease, decease, recess, cessation, incessant, cession, seces- 
 sion, secede. 
 
PART ONE 
 
 75 
 
 263. ra' de re (rasum), to scrape; to shave. 
 
 ab rade', to rub off a part; 
 to scratch. 
 
 e ra' §ure, act of erasing; 
 something rubbed out. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: erase, eraser, raze, razor, abrasion. 
 
 264. ro' de re, to gnaw. 
 
 cor rode', to eat or wear ro' dent, an animal that 
 
 away, as an acid does a gnaws, as a rat, a rabbit, 
 
 metal. etc.. 
 
 e rode', to rub or wear off, as ros' trum, a stand or plat- 
 by friction. form for public speakers. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: corrosive, corrosion, erosive, erosion. 
 
 265. hor re' re, to bristle; to shudder. 
 
 ab hSr', to hate. Ps. cxix : h6r' rid, dreadful; fearful; 
 
 163. hateful. 
 
 h6r' r6r, dread; great fear hor' rent, horrible; bristUng. 
 
 mixed with hatred. hor' ri ble, dreadful; shock- 
 hor' ri fy, to fill with horror. ing; terrible. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 266. pu ta' re (putatum), to cleanse; to prune; 
 to think; to count. 
 
 com pate', to reckon; to find 
 out by summing up. 
 
 com' pii ta" tion, calculation 
 (523); act of reckoning. 
 
 un pute', to charge; to hold 
 as guilty; to account. 
 
 im' pii ta" tion, blame; cen- 
 sure (416). 
 
 rep' n ta" tion, the public es- 
 timation (156) of one's 
 character. 
 
 dep' u ty, one appointed to 
 act for another. 
 
 comp trol' ler {con trol' er), an 
 officer in charge of the 
 public accounts. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: count, discount, recount, dispute, indisputable. 
 
 c. Use: repute, disrepute, account, counter, amputate. 
 
76 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 267. pen' de re (pendo, pensum), to weigh (417); to 
 pay; to ponder. 
 
 com' p6n sate, to repay; to pen' sive, thoughtful. 
 
 give back equal value (388). dis pense', to give; to deal 
 
 rec' om pense, to compen- out; to spare. 
 
 sate; to reward. Bom. xii: in' dis pen" sa ble, that may 
 
 17. not be spared; necessary 
 
 sti' pend, salary; wages. to keep. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: expend, expense, expenditiure, pension, compensation. 
 
 268. sua de' re (suasum), to persuade, sua' vis, sweet. , 
 
 as suage' (.swaj), to soothe, suave, pleasing; agreeable 
 
 as pain; to modify, {as-, in manner. 
 
 P.) Job xvi : 5. su&v' i ty, gentleness; mild- 
 
 sua' §ion, act of persuading. ness of manner. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: persuade, persuasive, persuasion, dissuade. 
 
 269. a' ge re (actum), to act (517). 
 
 ac tiv' i ty, state of being ac- ex act', to demand; to com- 
 
 tive; quickness. *pel; to enforce completely. 
 
 ac' tu a ry, one whose busi- in' ter act", to act upon each 
 
 ness is to calculate risks, other, {inter-, P.) 
 
 etc., as for an insurance re act', to resist by an action 
 
 company, {-ary, S.) in return. 
 
 ac' tu ate, to cause one to act; re' tro ac" tion, action back- 
 to impel (206). ward, or upon something 
 
 coun' ter act", to act against; that has preceded, (re- 
 
 to neutralize (109). tro-, P.) 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: act, action, active, inactive. 
 
 c. Use: actual, enact, enactment, inaction. 
 
 270. pras' sein (vpaaaeLv), to do. 
 
 prac' tice, to exercise; to un prac' ti cal, not practical; 
 
 work at; to use. visionary (316). 
 
PART ONE 77 
 
 prac' ti cal, useful; workable; prac' ti ca ble, that may be 
 
 not fanciful or imaginary. done; possible (336). 
 
 prac ti' tion er, a worker in im prac' ti ca ble, not pos- 
 
 an art or a profession, as sible; that may not be 
 
 a physician. done. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 271. ver' ge re, to bend. 
 
 verge, to incUne; to ap- con verge', to approach (373) 
 
 proach the end. each other, as two merid- 
 
 dl verge', to recede from each ians (210) toward the 
 
 other (262). poles. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: divergence, divergent, convergent, convergence. 
 
 272. vi bra' re, to vibrate. 
 
 vi' brant, oscUlating; thrill- vi' bra to ry, causing vibra- 
 
 ing; vibrating. tion; having vibration. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: vibrate, vibration. 
 
 273. tor' nus, a lathe, tor' nos (jopvoi), a turner's 
 
 chisel. 
 
 con tour' (toor), shape; form; tour' ney, a tournament; a 
 
 outline. trial of skill. 
 
 de tour', a roundabout jour- tour' ni quet (kei), an appli- 
 
 ney; a circuit. ance for stopping the flow 
 
 of blood. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: turn, tour, tourist, turnpike, turnstile, tournament, 
 tornado. 
 
 274. sol' i dus, soHd. 
 
 so lid' i ty, state of being con sol' i date, to unite iuto 
 
 solid. a solid mass; to strengthen. 
 
 so Ud' i fy, to make or be- sol' i dar' i ty, a union, or 
 
 come solid. consolidation, as of inter- 
 
 ests. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: solid, solder, soldier, consolidation. 
 
78 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 275. mo ne' ta, money. 
 
 mon' e ta ry, relating to men' e ti za" tion, to adopt 
 
 money. as money by legal enact- 
 
 de mon' e tize, to deprive by ment. 
 law of standard value, as mint' age, duty paid for coin- 
 money, ing. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: money, moneyed, moneyless, mint. 
 
PART TWO 
 276. li' ber, a book. 
 
 li' bra ry, a collection of 
 
 books kept for reading or 
 
 study. 
 11 bret' to, a book containing 
 
 the words of an opera (187). 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Show root-words of: opera, defame, published. 
 
 li' bel, a published writing 
 intended to defame (229). 
 
 li' bel ous, defamatory; re- 
 lating to a libel, [library. 
 
 II bra' ri an, a keeper of a 
 
 277. i mi ta' ri, to imitate, i ma' go, an imitation; 
 an image. 
 
 im' age, a resemblance (284) 
 or imitation; a statue (387) 
 or picture; a mental (445) 
 picture. 
 
 im' age ry, pictures of the 
 imagination; figures of 
 speech, {-ry, S.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 im' i tate, to copy; to pat- 
 tern after. 
 
 in im' i ta ble, that may not 
 be imitated; beyond imi- 
 tation. 
 
 un' im ag" i na ble, that may 
 not be imagined. 
 
 6. Use: imagiue, imaginary, imagination, imitative. 
 278. mu ta' re, to change. 
 
 mu' ta ble, changeable; giv- 
 en to change; inconstant 
 (389). 
 
 com miite', to exchange; to 
 substitute (389) as a pun- 
 ishment instead of another. 
 
 com' mu ta" tion, a substitu- 
 tion. 
 
 trans mute', to change from 
 one form or substance (389) 
 into another; to transform 
 (179). 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: mutual, immutable, mutation. 
 
 c. ^ow root-words of: punishment, form. 
 
 79 
 
80 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 279. er ra' re, to wander. 
 
 err (Ur), to commit error; 
 to mistake. Job vi : 24. 
 
 6r' rant, wandering; stray- 
 ing; erring. 
 
 6r rat' ic, having no certain 
 course; unreliable (190); 
 strange. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: error, erroneous, unerring. 
 
 c. Show root-words of: commit, printing, lunacy. 
 
 280. va' gus, wandering, 
 vag' a bond, one who wan- vague, uncertain; unsettled; 
 
 6r ra' turn, an error in print- 
 ing or writing. 
 
 ab' er ra" tion, act of wan- 
 dering; derangement; lu- 
 nacy. 
 
 in 6r' rant, unerring; incapa- 
 ble of error. 
 
 ders without a settled pur- 
 pose. 
 
 va' grant, a wanderer; a 
 tramp. 
 
 va ga' ry, a wandering 
 thought; a fancy (531). 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: vaguely, vagrancy, vagabondage. 
 
 c. Show root-words of: uncertain, due, purpose, 
 
 without form. 
 
 ex trav' a gant, wasteful; 
 wild; beyond due bounds. 
 {extra-, P.) 
 
 ex trav' a gance, act of waste- 
 fulness. 
 
 281. i' ter, a journey, i' re, to go. 
 
 cir' cum am" bi ent, inclosing 
 (64) on all sides; sur- 
 rounding. 
 
 o bit' u a ry, relating to de- 
 parture by death. 
 
 ab]i nl' it o {db l nlsh' i o), 
 from the beginning. 
 
 i tin' er ant, traveling; go- 
 ing about. 
 
 se dJ' tion, any movement to- 
 ward rebellion (509) against 
 the state. 
 
 am' bi ent, in motion around; 
 surrounding. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: exit, issue, ambition, perish, initial, initiate. 
 
 c. Show derivation of: movement, relating, inclosing, departure. 
 
 282. i' re, to go. tran si' re, to go over, 
 tran' sient, passing; staying tran' sit, act of passing over, 
 
 but a short time. as a planet across the sun's 
 
 tran' si to ry, passing quick- disk ; or as freight through 
 
 ly; fleeting; momentary. a country. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 81 
 
 tran si' tion, a change, as 
 from one subject or con- 
 dition to another. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Derive: act, across, pass. 
 
 trdnce, a deep sleep, or other 
 state in which the mind 
 passes out of the body. 
 
 283. par, equal. 
 
 pSr' i ty, equality of value 
 
 (343; 388). 
 peer, an equal; one who has 
 
 no superior (398). 
 com peer', an equal; a com- 
 panion, 
 peer' age, an order of no- 
 bility (312). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: pair, compare, apparel, umpire, par. 
 c. Derive: difference, printing, praise. 
 
 peer' less, without an equal. 
 
 dis pSr' i ty, inequality; dif- 
 ference. 
 
 dis pir' age, to speak of 
 slightingly; to dispraise; 
 to blame. 
 
 non' pa reil"(reZ), unequaled; 
 a size of type in printing. 
 
 284. sim' i lis, like. 
 
 as sim' i late, to make sim- 
 ilar; to absorb and make 
 part of the body, as food. 
 
 dis sem' ble, to disguise one's 
 feelings; to conceal. 
 
 s! mil' i tude, state of being 
 similar; likeness; resem- 
 blance. Ps. cxliv : 12. 
 
 ver' i si mil" i tiide, appear- 
 ance of truth; probabil- 
 ity; likelihood. 
 
 sim' i le, a figure of speech in 
 which one thing is said to 
 be like another. 
 
 ike sim' i le, an exact like- 
 ness, as of a picture, or 
 a signature (449). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: assemble, resemble, similar, dissimilar, similarity. 
 
 c. Derive: appearance, probability. 
 
 285. ap' tus, fit. 
 
 a dapt', to fit; to suit; to 
 make suitable; to change 
 in order to suit another 
 purpose. [dapted; unfit. 
 
 in apt', awkward; not a- 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 a dept', one who is skilled, 
 
 as in any art. 
 in ept', unsuitable (490) ; 
 
 having no aptitude; 
 
 foolish. 
 
 h. Use: apt, aptness, aptitude, attitude, adaptation. 
 
82 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 286. se ve' rus, strict; severe. 
 
 se vSr' i ty, harshness; stern- 
 ness; cruelty. 
 
 per se vere', to go on in spite 
 of difficulty; to continue, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 as s6v' er a" tion, strong as- 
 sertion; solemn affirmation. 
 
 se vere', harsh; strict; ex- 
 treme. 
 
 287. gra' vis, heavy. 
 
 grave, serious; weighty in 
 manner. 
 
 grav' i ty, weight; heavi- 
 ness; serious quality of 
 mind. 
 
 grav' i ta" tion, movement or 
 force drawing toward the 
 center of the earth. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ag' gra va" tion, the addition 
 
 of weight; the making 
 
 worse. 
 ag" gra va' ting, making 
 
 worse; irritating (504). 
 gra va' men, the foundation 
 
 or ground of a charge or 
 
 complaint. 
 
 6. Use: grief, grievous, aggrieve, aggravate. 
 
 288. strin' ge re (strictum), to compress; to urge. 
 
 strin' gen cy, strictness; se- 
 verity, [vere. 
 strin' gent, strict; tight; se- 
 dis train', to seize by law. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: strict, restrict, restriction, district, stress. 
 
 c. Use: distress, strain, constrain, restrain, restraint, 
 
 d. Derive: severe, contract. 
 
 stric' tiire, a criticism (540) ; 
 censure (416). 
 
 con strict', to bind; to con- 
 tract; to tighten. 
 
 289. neu' ron {v&ipov), a nerve, ner' vus, a sinew; a nerve. 
 
 nerv' ous, having strength of 
 nerves; affecting (420) the 
 nerves. 
 
 nerv" f, strong; courageous; 
 
 cool; impudent. 
 en' er vate, to weaken; to 
 
 make feeble; to deprive of 
 
 nerve. 
 
 nerv' ine, a tonic or medicine 
 for nervous disorders. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: nervously, nervousness, unnerved, neuralgia, 
 c. Derive: medicine, courageous. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 83 
 
 290. scan' de re, to climb. 
 
 con' de scend", to bend one's 
 self to a lower level; to 
 deign. Rom. xii : 16. 
 
 con' de seen" sion, a lower- 
 ing of one's self; a yielding 
 of privilege; act of con- 
 descending. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: ascent, descend, descent, condescension. 
 
 c. Derive: deign, privilege. 
 
 tran scend', to exceed; to ex- 
 cel; to rise high. 
 
 tran scend' ent, very excel- 
 lent; high; glorious. 
 
 tran' seen den" tal, beyond 
 ordinary experience; spir- 
 itual (321). 
 
 291. in' ter, among. 
 
 in' ter ject" (411), to throw, or 
 place, among or between; 
 
 ' to insert, {inter-, P.) 
 
 in' ter lace", to plait; to min- 
 gle, as many vines on an 
 arbor, etc. 
 
 in' ter line", to write be- 
 tween lines, as omitted 
 words. 
 
 to 
 an- 
 
 in ter' pret, to explain; 
 
 give the meaning of 
 
 other language (299). 
 in' ter sect" (351), to divide; 
 
 to cross; to cut across. 
 in' ter vene" (370), to come 
 
 between, as in settling a 
 
 quarrel, 
 in' ter val, a short space 
 
 time between others. 
 
 of 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: internal, interrupt, intermingle, interview, interior. 
 
 c. Derive: explain, divide, omit. 
 
 292. a' 
 
 a unit of land 
 
 ger, a field. 
 
 per' e gri nate, to travel; 
 
 journey. 
 pil' grim age, a journey. 
 
 pecially to 
 place (383). 
 
 a' ere (o kr), 
 
 measure. 
 a gra' ri an, relating to land 
 ag" ri cul' ture, art of culti- 
 vating the soil. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: pilgrim, agriculturist, acres, 
 c. Derive: measure, cultivate, journey. 
 
 293. pet' ra (^erpa), a rock 
 pet' ri fy, to change to stone. pe tro' le um, 
 
 pet' ri fac" tion, act of chang- 
 ing to stone; any petri- 
 fied substance (389). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 to 
 
 es- 
 
 some sacred 
 
 oil from the 
 earth. 
 pet' rol, spirit of petroleum. 
 salt pe' ter (See 42). 
 
84 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 294. au' rum, gold. 
 
 au rif' er ous, containing (192) 
 or producing gold, as ore. 
 
 au' re die, a halo; a celestial 
 crown. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 au' re ate, golden; splendid. 
 6r' i fl&mme (144), a banner; 
 
 a battle-flag. 
 6r' mo lu, bronze or brass 
 
 made in imitation of gold. 
 
 6. Derive: imitation, splendid, produce. 
 295. e' me re (emptum), to buy; to take out. 
 
 e? emp' tion, privilege; state 
 of being exempt, or ex- 
 cused. 
 
 ej empt', to free from; to 
 excuse, as from any ser- 
 vice due. 
 
 p6r' emp to ry, imperative; 
 positive; authoritative. 
 
 re demp' tion, deliverance; 
 act of redeeming, {red-, 
 for re-, P.) 
 
 e? em' plar, a pattern; a 
 person worthy to be con- 
 . sidered an example. 
 
 ej' em pla ry, of correct con- 
 duct; worthy of being fol- 
 lowed. 
 
 pre emp' tion, a prior pur- 
 chase; act of buying first, 
 as government land. 
 
 promp' ti tude, readiness; 
 
 quickness. 
 
 a. Use: sample, example, prompt, redeem, promptness, exemplify. 
 
 b. Derive: excuse, service, authoritative. 
 
 296. ca bar lus, a horse. 
 
 cav' a lier" ly, haughtily; in 
 the manner of a proud 
 knight. 
 fhiv' al ry, knighthood; the 
 noble principles of knight- 
 hood. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Derive: military. 
 
 297. ge' re re, to bear; to carry 
 ge' rent (410), one who has sug gest', to offer as advice; 
 
 fhev' a lier', a knight; a 
 cavalier. 
 
 Che vaux' de M^e? {she vo da 
 frez), timber with sharp 
 spikes presented, as a mili- 
 tary obstruction (324). 
 
 the burden of governing; 
 a ruler, 
 con gest', to collect exces- 
 sively, as persons; to 
 crowd. 
 
 to present a thought, {sug-, 
 for sub-, P.) 
 reg' is ter, to record; to en- 
 ter, as by writing, in a 
 book or list. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 85 
 
 di gest', to think over; to 
 bear patiently; to reduce, 
 as food into particles ready 
 for assimilation. 
 
 con ge' ri e§, a collection 
 (314) ; an aggregation 
 (512); a mass of particles 
 (55). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: gesticulate, gesture, jest, exaggerate, belligerent (509), 
 
 vicegerent (410), 
 c. Derive: reduce, record, offer, assimilation. 
 
 298. 
 
 di' ce re, to speak. 
 
 die' tion, language; expres- 
 sion; style. 
 
 e' diet, a decree; a proclama- 
 tion. 
 
 in diet' (dite), to charge with 
 crime. 
 
 in dite', to write; to dictate. 
 Ps. xlv : 1. 
 
 die' turn, an assertion. 
 
 in' ter diet", to forbid; to 
 
 prohibit; to debar, 
 val' e die" to ry, farewell; a 
 
 farewell speech, 
 ver' diet (374), a decision, as 
 
 of a jury. 
 ad diet', to become accus- 
 tomed (341). [assertion. 
 /p' se dix' It, an unsupported 
 a. Use: dictate, contradict, benediction (247), malediction (430), 
 
 prediction. 
 6. Derive: expression, proclamation, crime, debar. 
 
 299. lin' gua, tongue; speech. 
 
 MW. AAA* ^»" 
 
 Ian' guage, speech; the body 
 of words that compose the 
 speech common to a people. 
 
 lin' guist, a person skilled in 
 languages. 
 
 Illustrate. 
 
 m 
 
 lin' gual, pertaining to the 
 tongue. [dialect. 
 
 lin' go, oral language; speech; 
 
 lin guis' tie, pertaining to the 
 study of languages. 
 
 h. Derive: common, people, compose. 
 
 300. min' is ter, a servant. 
 
 min' is trant, helping; at- 
 tending upon; serving. 
 min' is tra" tion, service. 
 Acts vi : 1. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 5. Use: minister, ministry, ministerial, ministering. 
 
 c. Use: administration, administrator, administratrix, 
 
 d. Derive: manage, public, conduct. 
 
 ad min' is ter, to serve; to 
 manage or conduct, as the 
 public affairs; to superin- 
 tend (328; 398). 
 
86 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 301. vi' 
 
 social; 
 
 ve re, to live, vi' ta, life. 
 
 lively; 
 
 liveliness; gay- 
 
 con viv' i al, 
 
 festal. 
 viv' id, very bright, as light- 
 ning; quick; full of life 
 and vigor. 
 viv' i fy, to make vivid, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: revive, survive, vital, viands, victuals, vivacious 
 c. Derive: festal, force. 
 
 vi vas' i ty, 
 
 ety. 
 vi tal' i ty, force of life. 
 lig' num vi' tae, a plant. 
 
 (lignum, wood; vitae, of 
 
 life.) 
 
 302. mo 
 
 mor^' gage, legal pledge as a 
 security on an estate. 
 
 mor' ti fy, to humble; to dis- 
 tress; to bring into sub- 
 jection. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: morgue, mortal, immortal, mortality, immortality 
 
 c. Derive: humble, distress, security. 
 
 303. rec' tus, right. 
 
 ri, to die. 
 
 mor' ti fi ca" tion, subjection, 
 or deadening, of the pas- 
 sions; humiliation. 
 
 mor' tu a ry, pertaining to 
 burial. 
 
 rec' ti fy, to set right; to 
 
 correct (337). 
 rec' ti tude, right conduct; 
 correctness of life and 
 thought. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: rectification, rectangular, right, righteous. 
 
 rec' tan gle, an angle of nine- 
 ty degrees. 
 
 rec' ti lin" e ar, straight; re- 
 lating to straight lines; 
 bounded by straight lines. 
 
 304. tern' pus, time. 
 
 tem' po ral, relating to time 
 on earth. II Cor. iv : 18. 
 
 tem' po ra ry, of brief time; 
 not permanent. 
 
 con tem' po ra ries, those 
 who live at the same time. 
 
 con tem' po ra" ne ous, liv- 
 ing or occurring at the same 
 time. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: brief, permanent. 
 
 ex tem' po ra" ne ous, relat- 
 ing to the instant; not 
 previously studied, as a 
 speech. 
 
 tem' po rize, to gain time; 
 to put off. 
 
 tense, distinction in time, as 
 present, past, future. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 87 
 
 305. fi' nis, the end. 
 
 def i nite, exact; having 
 well-marked bounds. 
 
 de fin' i tive, positive; fixed. 
 
 fi' nite, limited; having be- 
 ginning and end. 
 
 in' fit nite, without limits; 
 having neither beginning 
 nor end. [of space (422). 
 
 in fin' i ty, boundlessness, as 
 
 in fin' i tes" i mal, too small 
 
 to be defined; infinitely 
 
 small. 
 fi nal' i ty, a conclusion; a 
 
 final settlement. [(370). 
 a nan' ces, funds ; revenues 
 fj nesse', artifice; cunning. 
 fi na' le (Je nd la) an end; a 
 
 conclusion. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: fine, superfine, finish, final, define, infinitive. 
 
 c. Use: definitely, definition, indefinite, confine, refine, refine- 
 
 ment. 
 
 d. Derive: artifice, conclusion, fixed. 
 
 spe' ce re, spi' ce re, to see; to behold. 
 
 spec' a la tive, thoughtful; 
 given to contemplation. 
 
 aus pi' cious, favorable, as 
 indications (371) or pre- 
 dictions. 
 
 aus' pice, an indication of 
 the future; prediction. 
 
 per spic' u ous, clear; easily 
 seen through, or under- 
 stood, [breathing-time. 
 
 res' pite, delay; rehef ; a 
 
 306 
 
 ret' ro spect, a looking back; 
 recollection. 
 
 in' tro spec" tion, looking 
 within; self-examination. 
 
 as' pect, appearance; man- 
 ner of seeming. 
 
 per spec' tive, art that rep- 
 resents to the eye the com- 
 parative distance of ob- 
 jects, [ing; quick-sighted. 
 
 per' spi ca" cious, clear-see- 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: inspect, spectacle, spectator, specter, suspect, suspicion. 
 
 c. Use: respect, respectful, expect, circumspect, prospect. 
 
 d. Use: despise, despicable, despite, conspicuous, speculate. 
 
 307. ver, spring. 
 
 ver' nal, relating to spring. 
 
 ver' dure, green vegetation. 
 
 ver' dur ous, green, as of 
 growing grass, etc. 
 
 ver' dant, green; fresh; in- 
 experienced. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 vi re' re, to be green. 
 
 ver' di gris, green rust, as on 
 
 copper. 
 Ver mont', a State of the 
 
 U.S.; (green mountain). 
 vix' i des" cent, greenish; 
 
 growing green. 
 
88 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 308. stin gu' e re, to quench; to extinguish. 
 
 ex tigct', no longer in life or 
 
 in force; being without a 
 
 survivor. 
 ex tin' guish, to quench, as 
 
 fire; to destroy (324). 
 dis tigct', clear; separate; 
 
 different. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: distinctive, distinctively, instinctive, instinctively, ex- 
 
 tinction. 
 
 c. Derive: clear, separate, different. 
 
 309. pes' tis, a plague. 
 
 dis tine' tion, difference; rank; 
 superiority (398). 
 
 dis tio' guish, to see differ- 
 ence; to honor. 
 
 in' stisct, natural endow- 
 ment, as of animals (462; 
 253; 454). 
 
 pest, a plague; a nuisance 
 (538); anything mischiev- 
 ous or destructive (324). 
 
 pes tif' er ous, pest-bearing; 
 hurtful. [ing sickness. 
 
 pes' ti lent, hurtful; produc- 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pes' ti lence, a plague; a 
 
 contagious or infectious 
 
 disease (466; 420). 
 pes' tilen" tial, destructive; 
 
 having the nature of a 
 
 pestilence. 
 
 310. va' nus, vain, empty. 
 
 van' i ty, selfish pride; worth- 
 
 lessness; nothingness. 
 vSunt, to boast; to display 
 (432) vanity. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: vain, vainly, in vain. 
 
 van' ish, to go away; to dis- 
 appear. Job vii : 9. 
 
 6v' a nes" cent, fleeting; van- 
 ishing; not lasting. 
 
 311. lo' cus, a place. 
 
 lo' cal, relating to place; 
 
 limited to a place, 
 dis' lo cate, to put out of 
 
 place, as a joint (392); to 
 
 displace. 
 lo ca' tion, place; situation; 
 
 place in which anything is. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 lo' CO mo" tion, the act or 
 power of moving from one 
 place to another. 
 
 al' lo ca" tion, the act of ar- 
 ranging, or putting in 
 place. [together. 
 
 col' lo ca" tion, act of placing 
 
 6. Use; locality, locate, locomotive, dislocation. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 89 
 
 312. no' bi lis, well 
 
 no' ble, grand; great; like a 
 great man; lordly. 
 
 no bil' i ty, excellence, as of 
 the mind; people of rank. 
 
 en no' ble, to confer a title 
 of nobility; to make ex- 
 cellent, [{ig-, for in-, P.) 
 
 ig no' ble, not noble; base, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Derive: obligation, confer. 
 
 known; noble. 
 
 no blesse', the nobility; per- 
 sons of noble rank collec- 
 tively. 
 
 no bliisse' o bl'ige' {no hies' 
 6ie8/i')," Nobility obliges," 
 meaning that nobility is 
 under obligation to act 
 nobly. 
 
 313. pla ce' re, to please. 
 
 plea, an excuse; an argument; 
 
 reason shown. 
 plead, to offer excuse; to 
 argue; to offer reasons in 
 defense. Joh xvi : 21. 
 plaf' id, peaceful; quiet; gen- 
 tle, as a stream, [fulness. 
 pla cid' i ty, quietness; peace- 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: please, displease, pleasure, pleasant, pleasurable, 
 c. Derive: defense, peaceful, civility. 
 
 com pla' cent, satisfied; self- 
 satisfied (379). 
 
 com pla' cence, contentment; 
 good-nature. 
 
 com" plai §ance' (sons'), civil- 
 ity; courtesy; good-na- 
 ture, [ure garden. 
 
 pl€ag' ance, delight; a pleas- 
 
 314. le' ge re, to read; to choose; to gather. 
 
 leg' end, a wonder story; a 
 
 fable; a myth. 
 leg' i ble, that may be read ; 
 
 plain, as handwriting. 
 in tel' li gi ble, that may be 
 
 understood; clear to the 
 
 sense. 
 in' tel 16ct, the mind; the 
 
 understanding. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: collect, recollect, select, elect. 
 
 c. Use: election, lecture, intelligence, diligent. 
 
 d. Derive: fable, refinement, partiality. 
 
 el' i gi ble, fit; proper as a 
 
 candidate (470). 
 el' e gance, beauty; grace; 
 
 refinement. 
 e nte', the flower, or choice, 
 
 as of society, or of a body 
 
 of troops; the " pick." 
 pre' di lee" tion, a previous 
 
 liking; partiality. 
 
90 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 315. vi de' re (visum), to see. 
 
 in' ter view, a meeting face 
 to face; a conference. 
 
 pur' view, extent, or field, as 
 of vision or power. 
 
 prov' i dent, having fore- 
 tiiought; prudent; caus- 
 ing to provide. 
 
 pur vey', to provide; to buy, 
 or furnisli, as provisions or 
 conveniences (370). 
 
 sur vey', to look very closely; 
 to measure, as land. 
 
 ve dette', an advanced sen- 
 tinel (318). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: view, review, provide, prudent, evident. 
 
 c. Derive: conference, advanced, causing. 
 
 316. vi de' re (visum), to see. 
 
 \V §ion a ry, imaginary; fan- 
 ciful (631); unreal. 
 
 v!§' ii al, relating to the sight. 
 
 vi§' age, the face; the coun- 
 tenance. Isaiah lii : 14. 
 
 vis' ta, an opening, as 
 through a wood to give a 
 view. 
 
 pre vK' gion, foresight; act of 
 foreseeing. 
 
 su' per vi" gion, oversight; in- 
 spection. 
 
 im' pro vige", to do anything 
 readily or offhand, with- 
 out having made provision, 
 or preparation. 
 
 pro vi' go, a conditional pro- 
 vision; a caution; an ex- 
 ception, as provided for in 
 a law. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: visit, visible, vision, revise, advise, advisable. 
 
 c. Derive: inspection, preparation, imaginary. 
 
 317. ere' de re, to believe. 
 
 creed, a belief; the sum of 
 the doctrines (472) be- 
 lieved. 
 
 ere' dence, belief. 
 
 ere den' tial, a formal writ- 
 ing showing that the holder 
 is worthy. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 cred' u lous, inclined to be- 
 lieve; easily imposed upon. 
 
 ere du' li ty, state of being 
 credulous. [belief. 
 
 in' ere du" Ii ty, doubt; dis- 
 
 rec' re ant, false; unfaithful. 
 
 mis' ere ant, a rascal. 
 
 h. Use: credit, creditor, discredit, creditable, credible, incredible. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 91 
 
 318. 
 
 re gent' ment, the feeling of 
 anger, as when insulted 
 (519). 
 
 pre sen' ti ment, foreboding; 
 a feeling that something 
 unpleasant will happen. 
 
 sen ten' tious, full of mean- 
 ing, as a sentence contain- 
 ing much thought. 
 
 sen ti' re, to feel; to think. 
 
 sen' tient (sen' sherU), en- 
 dowed with life and feel- 
 ing; living. 
 
 sen' ti ment, feeling; thought 
 prompted by feeling or 
 passion; a thought; an ex- 
 pression. 
 
 sen' ti men" tal, relating to 
 the feelings. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: consent, dissent, resent, resentful, sentence, scent, 
 
 sentinel. 
 c. Derive: unpleasant, endow, contain, anger. 
 
 319. sen ti' re (sensum), to feel; to think. 
 
 sen' si tive, ha\Tng sense; as sent', act of agreeing; con- 
 
 quick to feel. sent. 
 
 in sen' sate, stupid; foolish; con sen' sus, agreement of 
 
 without sensation. opinion. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: sense, sensible, nonsense, sensation, insensible. 
 
 com pat' i ble, agreeable; 
 fitted to each other. 
 
 com pat' i bU" i ty, agree- 
 
 ment; suitableness. 
 
 in' com pat" i ble, not com- 
 patible; unfitted to each 
 other; inconsistent. 
 
 pas' sion, suffering; feeling; 
 emotion. 
 
 pas' sion ate, easily moved 
 or excited; quick tem- 
 pered (340). 
 
 320. pa' ti (passus), to suffer. 
 
 dis pas' sion ate, free from 
 passion; calm; impartial. 
 
 im pas' sioned, filled with 
 passion or zeal; showing 
 feeling, as in an argument. 
 
 pas' sive, not active; unre- 
 sisting. 
 
 im pas' sive, unconscious; 
 having no passion or feel- 
 ing. 
 
 im pas' si ble, unfeeling; in- 
 sensible. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: patient, patience, impatient, compassion, compassion- 
 
 ate, 
 t. Derive: emotion, excited, insensible. 
 
92 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 321. spi ra' re, to breathe. 
 
 spilr' it, courage; energy; the 
 
 immortal part; the higher 
 
 self; life; soul. 
 as pire', to desire earnestly; 
 
 to hope for something 
 
 higher. 
 as' pi ra' tion, hope; desire 
 
 for better things. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 as pir' ant, one who hopes 
 
 for something, as an office 
 
 or a position. 
 re spire', to breathe; to 
 
 breathe in and out. 
 trans pIre', to become known. 
 re spir' a to ry, relating to 
 
 breathing. 
 
 6. Use: spiritual, inspire, conspire, conspiracy, expire,, perspire. 
 
 322. cae' de re (caesum), to cut; to kill. 
 
 con else', brief; short, as a 
 speech full of meaning. 
 
 in ci' sor, a cutter; a "front" 
 tooth. 
 
 in ci' sive, cutting; clear- 
 cut; sharp. 
 
 ex ci' gion, act of cutting out 
 or off; destruction. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: decide, decisive, decision, precise, precision, incision, 
 
 ex cige', to cut out: — to tax. 
 horn' i cide, act of killing a 
 
 human being. 
 frat' ri cide, one who kills a 
 
 brother. 
 su' i cide, act of killing one's 
 
 self. 
 reg' i cide (See 59). 
 
 323. pre hen' de re (prehensum), to seize. 
 
 ap' pre hend", to seize; to 
 lay hold of with the mind. 
 
 rep' re hend", to reprove; to 
 reproach. 
 
 rep' re hen" si ble, blamable. 
 
 re prig' al, a seizure in re- 
 taliation. 
 
 ap prige', to inform; to give 
 notice; to tell. [include. 
 
 com prige', to contain; to 
 
 pre hen' sfle, that can seize, 
 as an elephant's trunk. 
 
 im preg' na ble, that cannot 
 be taken, as a strong fort. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: prize, prison, imprison, surprise, enterprise. 
 
 c. Use: apprentice, comprehend, incomprehensible. 
 
 d. Derive: include, inform, fort. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 93 
 
 re' con struc" tion, act of re- 
 constructing, [translate. 
 
 con stnie', to explain; to 
 
 ob struct', to block up; to 
 close, as a way; to bar. 
 
 ob struc' tion, act of ob- 
 structing; a barrier. 
 
 324. stru' e re (structum), to build 
 
 su' per struc" ture, the part 
 of a building above ground; 
 anything built on some- 
 thing else. 
 re' con struct", to construct 
 again; to make over; to 
 form anew. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: destroy, instrument, structxire. 
 
 c. Use: construction, destruction, instruction. 
 
 d. perive: barrier, translate, close. 
 
 325. fli' ge re (flictum), to beat; to strike. 
 
 af flict', to grieve; to pain; in flict', to send upon, or 
 
 to trouble. Ps. xliv : 2. strike with, as a blow, a 
 
 con flict', to clash ; to contend. punishment, etc. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: affliction, infliction, profligacy. 
 
 c. Derive: grieve, trouble, punishment. 
 
 326. se' re re, to join 
 
 se' iie§, a succession of sim- 
 ilar things, as a series of 
 accidents, 
 se' ri al, relating to a series. 
 ser' Tied, crowded; in close 
 rank; pressed together. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: assert, d^'ert, d^ert', exertion, 
 c. Derive: accident, similar, discourse. 
 
 in serf, to place within, as 
 another word in a Une. 
 
 ex ert', to use, or put forth, 
 as strength. 
 
 dis' ser ta" tion, a discourse; 
 a weU-prepared argument. 
 
 327. spar' ge re (sparsum), to strew; to scatter. 
 
 as perse', to slander; to ^"ili- 
 
 fy (345); to sprinlde. 
 as per' sion, defamation; 
 
 sprinkling. [dense, 
 
 sparse, thinly scattered; not 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: dense, defamation, picture. 
 
 dis perse', to scatter; to 
 drive away. 
 
 in' ter spersed", scattered 
 among; set here and there, 
 as pictures in a book. 
 
94 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 328. ten' de re (tensum), to stretch. 
 
 ten' side, that may be stretch- 
 ed; ductile. 
 
 tend, to move toward; to 
 incline. Prov. xiv : 23. 
 
 ten' den cy, inclination; aim; 
 direction of movement. 
 
 por tend', to indicate; to 
 foreshow; to forebode. 
 
 os' ten ta" tion, vain show; 
 proud display (432). 
 
 OS ten' si ble, apparent rather 
 than real. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: attend, contend, extend, intend, tent, superintend. 
 
 c. Use: tendon, tendril, intense, tense, pretense. 
 
 d. Use: tension, intent, intention, intensity, distend. 
 
 e. Derive: ductile, inclination, apparent. ' 
 
 329. spon de' re (sponsum), to promise. 
 
 c6r' re spond" ent, one who 
 corresponds, or writes let- 
 ters (471). 
 
 re spon' sive, ready to re- 
 spond; willing to comply 
 or agree. 
 
 spon' sor, one who promises 
 for another. 
 
 de spond' ent, almost in de- 
 spair; losing hope. 
 
 de spond' en cy, gloom from 
 losing hope. 
 
 Kr' re spon" si ble, not re- 
 sponsible; worthless. 
 
 sponge, a husband or wife. 
 
 es pouge', to marry. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: respond, despond, response, correspond, correspondence. 
 
 c. Derive: despair, agree, promise. 
 
 330. fal' le re, to deceive, fal' sus, false. 
 
 fal la' cious, deceitful; true 
 in appearance, but false 
 in reality. 
 
 fal' la cy, deceit, as in an 
 argument. [may fail. 
 
 fal' li ble, imperfect; that 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 in fal' li ble, incapable of er- 
 ror. 
 
 de fault', to faU in a duty, a 
 contract, or an agreement. 
 
 fftl set' to, a false or feigned 
 voice, as in music. 
 
 6. Use: failure, fault, fake, faulty, falsify. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 95 
 
 331. fun' de re (fusiun), to pour; to found. 
 
 re fund', to pour back; to 
 repay, as money; to re- 
 store (389). 
 
 dif fu§e', to spread; to scat- 
 ter, as odor, etc. 
 
 in fu§e', to pour in; to steep; 
 to soak. [mingle. 
 
 fu§e, to melt, as by heat; to 
 
 ef fu' sive, pouring out, as 
 words; talkative. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: foundry, confound, 
 
 suf fu§e', to spread over, as 
 a change of color; to fill. 
 
 trans fu§e', to make pass 
 from one to another, as 
 blood from one to another 
 person's veins. 
 
 fu' §ion, the act of mingling, 
 or coming together into 
 one body. 
 
 fu' tile, useless; of no use. 
 
 confuse, refuse, profuse, futility. 
 
 332. la va' re, to wash, lu' e re, to wash (378). 
 
 lave, to wash; to wash or 
 flow against, as the tide. 
 
 la' ver, a vessel for water. 
 
 laun' der, to wash and iron. 
 
 lav' a to ry, a bathing place 
 or room. 
 
 a. niustrate. 
 
 lo' tion, any liquid (484) for 
 medical use upon the skin. 
 
 al lu' vi al, carried by water; 
 added to land, as mud from 
 a river. [alluvial land. 
 
 al lu' vi um, sediment (338) ; 
 
 6. Derive: medical, carried, use. 
 
 333. du' ce re, to lead (96; 205). 
 
 con duce', to give help to- 
 wards; to contribute to a 
 result (426: 519). 
 
 in duce', to lead by persua- 
 sion, etc.: to persuade. 
 
 in due' tion, inference; a 
 method of reasoning; en- 
 trance; admission. 
 
 de duce', to reach a conclu- 
 sion by reasoning; to infer. 
 
 e duce', to bring out; to 
 cause to appear, as infor- 
 mation withheld. 
 
 tra du' cer, one who ^-Uifies 
 (345) another, (tra-, for 
 trans-, P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: conducive, deduct, deduction, educate, abduction, 
 traduce. 
 
 c Derive: persuade, inference, admission, conclusion, informa- 
 tion. 
 
96 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 334. te ne' re, to hold (192). 
 
 ab' sti nence, act of abstain- 
 ing, or withholding from; 
 refusal to use. 
 
 re ten' tive, holding fast, as 
 in the memory (446). 
 
 ret' i nue, body of servitors; 
 retainers of a lord, etc. 
 
 sus' te nance, that which sus- 
 tains, as food. 
 
 per' ti nent, belonging; prop- 
 er; related to the matter 
 in hand. 
 im per' ti nent, not related; 
 improper. [late. 
 
 per tain', to belong; to re- 
 ap pur' ten ance, that which 
 appertains, as one of the 
 buildings to a farm, etc. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: sustain, obtain, contain, retain, retention, 
 c. Use: continent, continue, continuous, entertain, abstain, 
 detain. 
 
 335. fi' de re, to trust, fi' des, faith. 
 
 con' fl dence, trust; firm be- 
 lief. 
 
 dif fJ dence, distrust, espe- 
 cially in one's self; lack of 
 confidence. 
 
 per' fl dy, breach of faith; 
 treachery. 
 
 af fi' ance, trust; act of mu- 
 tual trust, as marriage. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: defy, perfidious, diffident. 
 
 c. Derive: loyalty, declaration, opposition 
 
 af fi da" vit, a writing sworn 
 to before a magistrate 
 (362), etc. 
 
 de fi' ance, a challenge; op- 
 position; declaration of 
 opposition. 
 
 fe' al ty, loyalty; faithfulness. 
 
 bo' na n' de (247), in good 
 faith. 
 
 336. pes' se (potens), to be able. 
 
 po' tent, strong; able. 
 
 po' ten cy, strength; ability. 
 
 po' ten tate, one in power, as 
 
 a king or Pope. I Tim. 
 
 vi : 15. 
 
 po ten' tial, having strength, 
 
 power, or ability. 
 im' po tent, powerless. 
 om nip' o tent, all-powerful. 
 
 a.' Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: possible, impossible, possibility, impossibility, pleni- 
 potentiary (76). 
 
VXRT TWO 
 
 97 
 
 337. re' ge re (rectum), to rule; to lead straight. 
 
 c6r' ri gi ble, that may be 
 corrected; yielding to cor- 
 rection. 
 
 dir' i gi ble, that may be di- 
 rected, or moved in any 
 direction. 
 
 a droit', very skillful; expert. 
 
 re gime' (ra zheem'), reign; 
 rule; regular process. 
 
 reg' i men, rule prescribed, as 
 
 for diet, 
 reg' i ment, a body of troops 
 
 commanded by a colonel. 
 re' gent, ruling; governing 
 
 in place of a monarch (544). 
 reg' nant, reigning, 
 rec' tor, a minister who has 
 
 the rule of a parish. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: rule, reign, correct, direct, dress. 
 
 c. Use: erect, regular, r^ulate, region, escort, regiment. 
 
 d. Derive: prescribe command, minister. 
 
 338. se de' re (sessixm), to sit. 
 
 see, a seat or center of in- 
 fluence (455), as of a 
 church ruler. [posed. 
 
 se date', calm; quiet; com- 
 
 se ance' (sa ans'), a session, 
 or sitting, as of a company 
 gathered for any purpose. 
 
 res' i due, remainder; that 
 which is left. 
 
 su' per sede", to take the 
 place of. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: siege, session, reside, 
 
 c. Use: preside, president. 
 
 sed' en ta ry, inactive; sit- 
 ting much. 
 
 sed' i ment, that which set- 
 tles, as at the bottom of a 
 liquid (4S4). 
 
 dis' si dent, one who disa- 
 grees. 
 
 as sid' n ous, diligent; con- 
 stant (314; 389). 
 
 in sid' i ous, slyly aggressive; 
 creeping up; treacherous. 
 
 residence. 
 
 339. cir' cus, a circle. 
 
 cir' cuit (kit), a round, as of 
 travel; a journey about. 
 Ecdes. i : 6. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: circle, encircle, circus, circular, circuitous, circumstance 
 
 (389). 
 
 cir' Cli late, to move round, 
 as the blood in the veins; 
 to spread. 
 
98 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 340. tern pe ra' re, to modify; to soften, 
 tem' per, to harden or soften tem' per ance, moderation, as 
 
 as the case may require; to 
 give the proper quality. 
 dis tem' per, a disease. 
 tem' per ate, not extreme ; 
 moderate. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: tempered, temperately, intemperately, temperamental 
 
 in any habit. 
 in tem' per ate, extreme; not 
 
 temperate. 
 tem' per a ment, disposition, 
 
 as of mind. 
 
 341. con' sue tu do, custom, su e' re, to be accustomed. 
 
 cus' torn a ry, common; in ac cus' tom, to make familiar 
 
 much use. by use. 
 
 con' sue tude, custom; use. des' ue tiide, disuse. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: custom, accustomed, unaccustomed, customer, costume. 
 
 342. fa' ce re, to do; to make (418; 419; 420). 
 
 feat, an action, as an athletic 
 
 feat. 
 dis cdm' fit, to defeat. 
 sur' felt, to overfill; to give 
 too much, as food, (sur-, 
 for super-, P.) [possible. 
 fea' §i ble, that may be done; 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: affair, fashion, defeat, counterfeit, forfeit 
 c. Derive: action, possible, labor. 
 
 f^S' lie, easy; yielding; not 
 
 diflficult. 
 fa cil' i ty, ease; opposite of 
 
 difficulty. 
 fa cil' i tate, to make easy, 
 
 or less difficult; to lessen 
 
 labor, etc. 
 
 343. ae' quus, equal; just 
 
 eq' ui ty, honesty; justice; e' qui poise, balance 
 
 equal dealing. [equal. 
 
 CO e' qual, of the same rank; 
 
 e' qua ble, steady; uniform; 
 
 even, as an equable temper. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: equal, equality, equalize, equator. 
 
 c. Use: equilibrium (366), equinox, iniquity, equitable, equidis- 
 
 tant, equivalent (388), equation. 
 
 d. Derive: uniform, temper, demand, falsify. 
 
 ad' e quate, enough; equal 
 to the demand. 
 
 e quiv' o cate, to use deceit- 
 ful speech; to falsify (330). 
 
PART TWO 99 
 
 344. mi' ser, wretched. 
 
 mi' §er, one who saves and mi§' er a ble, wretched; un- 
 
 endures wretchedness for happy. Job xvi : 2. 
 
 the love of money. com mi§' er ate, to extend 
 
 mi§' e ry, pain; wretched- pity or compassion. 
 
 ness; poverty. mis' e re re, "Have mercy"; 
 
 mi' §er ly, like a miser; stin- a piece of church music, 
 
 gy. Ps. li : 1. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Derive: pity, compassion, extend. 
 
 345. vi' lis, base, vile. 
 
 vile, base; mean; bad. re vile', to abuse. AforA- xv : 
 
 vil' i fy, to abuse with speech; 32. [\-ilifying. 
 
 to defame. vil' i fi ca" tion, abuse; act of 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Derive: base, abuse, defame. 
 
 346. oc' to, L. (from G. oicra), eight. 
 
 oc' to pus, a sea fish with oc tan' gu lar, having eight 
 
 eight arms, or tentacles. angles. 
 
 00 ta' vo, a book with eight oc' tant, the eighth of a cir- 
 
 leaves to a sheet. cle. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 5. Use: octagon, octagonal, octave, October, octogenarian. 
 
 347. de' ka (Sexa), ten. de' cem, ten. 
 
 dec' i mate, to kill in large de cem' vir ate (546), a body 
 
 numbers; to take the tenth. of ten men in authority 
 
 dec' ade, a group of ten, as (131). 
 
 the period of years, 1911- du' o def' i mo, ha^-ing twelve 
 
 1920. leaves to a sheet, as in the- 
 
 de cen' ni al, consisting of making of a book, 
 
 ten years. dec' a logue (542), the ten 
 
 dec' a gon, a figure having Commandments handed 
 
 ten angles. down by Moses, 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: decimal, dime, December. 
 
100 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 348. mil' le, a thousand. 
 
 mil' lion, a thousand thous- 
 and. 
 
 mil' lion aire", one whose pos- 
 sessions have as great value 
 as a million dollars, [lions. 
 
 mil' U ard, a thousand mil- 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 mil' le na" ri an, one who be- 
 lieves in Christ's coming 
 to reign a thousand years. 
 Rev. XX : 2-6. 
 
 mil len' ni um, a period of a 
 thousand years. 
 
 349. pun' ge re, to punctuate; to pierce, punc'tum, 
 a point. 
 
 pun' gent, sharp as to taste; punc til' io, preciseness 
 
 biting; acrid (464). 
 
 ex punge', to rub out; to 
 strike out. 
 
 punc til' ious, very exact in 
 conduct with regard to eti- 
 quette or duty. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: point, pimctual, punctuate, puncture, pungency. 
 
 c. Use: appointment, disappoint, disappointment, punch, 
 
 puncheon. 
 
 d. Derive: duty, severe, conduct. 
 
 forms of conduct or be- 
 havior. 
 
 poign' ant, sharp; biting; ser 
 vere. 
 
 com punc' tion, remorse; sting 
 of conscience (492). 
 
 350. tru' de re, to thrust. 
 
 in trude', to thrust or force 
 in, as one's self without 
 welcome. 
 ex trvide', to thrust or force 
 out; to expel. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: intrusion, extrusion, protrusion, obtrusive, 
 c. Derive: force, expel, attention. 
 
 ob tryde', to force upon, as 
 unwelcome matter upon 
 one's attention. 
 
 pro trude', to extend through, 
 as an arrow in the flesh. 
 
 351. se ca' re (sectum), to cut. 
 
 se' cant, a line cutting an- 
 other. 
 
 in' ter sect" (291), to cross; 
 to meet and cross each 
 other. 
 
 seg' ment, a part cut off; a 
 part, as the natural divi- 
 sion of an orange. 
 
 viv' i sec" tion (301), dissec- 
 tion of a Uving animal. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 101 
 
 sci' on, a shoot of a plant; a 
 descendant. 
 
 ve' ne sec" tion, cutting of a 
 vein; bleeding. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: section, sectional, bisection (102), dissection, insect, 
 
 c. Show how the word insect has relation to the word cut. 
 
 352. fran' ge re (fractum), to break. 
 
 frag' fle, easily broken; deli- 
 cate; brittle. 
 
 frail, not durable (412); fee- 
 ble. Ps. xxxix : 4. 
 
 fran' gi ble, breakable. 
 
 in fringe', to break, as a rule; 
 to transgress (385). 
 
 frac' tious, unruly; cross; 
 easy to break out in a 
 passion. 
 
 in frac' tion, a breaking, as 
 of a law or rule of conduct. 
 
 re frac' tion, a breaking, as 
 of a ray of light when pass- 
 ing from air into water, 
 etc. 
 
 ir re fran' gJ ble, that can- 
 not be refracted. 
 
 re frac' to ry, unmanageable; 
 obstinate; resisting. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: fragment, fraction, frailty, fragility, infraction. 
 
 c. Derive: munanageable, resisting, unruly. 
 
 353. te' re re (tritum), to wear, as by friction. 
 
 at tri' tion, act of wearing 
 
 away, as a river wears 
 
 away its banks. 
 de tri' tus, matter worn away 
 
 by attrition. [powder, 
 
 trit' u ra" tion, grinding to 
 
 a. niustrate. 
 
 b. Use: try, contrite, contrition, detriment, detrimental. 
 
 de tri' tion, a wearing off, as 
 the banks of a river by the 
 water. 
 
 trite, commonplace; worn- 
 out, as a saying; much 
 used in speech. 
 
 354. sol' ve re (solutum), to loosen; to dissolve. 
 
 sol' ti ble, that may be dis- 
 solved or separated. 
 
 in dis' so lii ble, that may 
 not be dissolved. 
 
 ab' so liite, whole; complete; 
 impossible to dissolve. 
 
 dis' so liite, loose; of loose 
 conduct; vicious (391). 
 
 sol' vent, able to discharge 
 one's debts. 
 
 in sol' vent, unable to pay 
 one's debts. 
 
102 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 in sol' ven cy, state of being 
 insolvent. 
 
 dis' so lu" tion, decay; sep- 
 aration, as of the mortal 
 parts by death. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: solve, dissolve, resolve, absolve. 
 
 c. Use: solution, insoluble, resolution, absolution. 
 
 d. Show how solvent is related to loosen. 
 
 e. Derive: separate, complete, mortal, debt. 
 
 355. hae re' re (haesum), to stick. 
 
 CO here', to stick together, as 
 
 particles of the same kind. 
 
 CO he' gion, act or state of 
 
 cohering. 
 CO her' ent, connected prop- 
 erly, as a coherent state- 
 ment (387). 
 in' CO her" ent, disconnected; 
 not cohering. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: cohesive, adhere, adhesive, hesitate. 
 c. Derive: particle, connect, fidelity. 
 
 in here', to exist in, as cour- 
 age in the mind. 
 
 in her' ent, existing within; 
 belonging by nature (462). 
 
 ad he' §ion, the sticking to- 
 gether of matter of dif- 
 ferent kinds; attachment; 
 fidelity. 
 
 356. ca' pe re, to take (41; 527). 
 
 in ter cept', to seize as it 
 
 goes; to head off. 
 per cept' i ble, that may be 
 
 perceived, 
 sus cept' i ble, capable of be- 
 ing changed or influenced 
 
 (455). 
 e man' ci pate (173), to set 
 
 free, as from slavery. 
 cap' ti vate, to charm; to 
 
 control, as by attractive 
 
 charms. 
 
 par tip' i pate, to take part; 
 to share; to partake. 
 
 par' ti ci pie, a word that par- 
 takes of the nature of a 
 verband an adjective (411). 
 
 an tif' i pate, to foresee; to 
 take up beforehand; to 
 prevent, {anti-, for ante-, 
 P.) 
 
 ca' pi as, " Thou mayest 
 take"; a legal writ au- 
 thorizing arrest. 
 
 a. Use: receive, deceive, perceive, deceit, deception. 
 
 6. Use: accept, except, acceptance, exception. 
 
 c. Use: capture, captor, captive, captivity. 
 
 d. Use: prince (.primus-capere) (456), principal, principle. 
 
PART TWO 103 
 
 357. som' nus, sleep. 
 
 in som' ni a, sleeplessness; in- som' no lent, sleepy. 
 
 ability to sleep. som' no lence, sleepiness. 
 
 som nam' bu list, one who som nif er ous, producing 
 
 walks in his sleep. sleep, as a medicine. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Show which word is in part derived from ferre. 
 
 c. Show which word is in part derived from ambulare. 
 
 d. Derive: produce, inability, medicine. 
 
 358. ca' ro (camis), flesh. 
 
 car' nage, bloodshed; slaugh- car' ni val, a Catholic feasi 
 
 ter. or season of pleasure. 
 
 car' nal, fleshly; earthly; not car niv' o rous, flesh-eating. 
 
 spiritual. in' car na" tion, the act of the 
 
 char' nel, relating to a bury- soul in taking up residence 
 
 ing place. in the body. 
 
 car na' tion, a red-colored re' in car" nate, to take or 
 
 flower. inhabit another body. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Show that carnival is related to flesh, 
 c. Derive: feats, pleasure, residence. 
 
 359. jus (juris), law. 
 
 ju rid' i cal, relating to jus- ju ris pry' dence, law; science 
 
 tice, or the law. of law. 
 
 ju ris die' tion (298), extent ju' rist, one versed in law. 
 
 of authority, as of a judge. rfe/a' re, by right; by law. 
 
 (See de facto, 418.) 
 o. Use: just, justice, justify, justification, adjust. 
 
 b. Use: injustice, injure, injury, injurious, unjust. 
 
 360. po' ne re (positum), to place; to put in place. 
 
 ex pound', to explain; to pro pound', to propose; to 
 
 set forth in explanation. oflfer, as a question. 
 
 Judges xiv : 14. po§' it, to assert; to affirm; 
 
 ex po' nent, a sign of power, to place in affirmation, 
 
 as in algebra; one who dep o §i' tion, displacement, 
 
 represents or expounds a or act of deposing, as a 
 
 principle. monarch; testimony. 
 
104 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 ex po§' i tor, one who ex- com po' nent, a necessary 
 
 pounds; an explainer; an part of a compound; an 
 
 interpreter. ingredient (385). 
 
 a. Use: opponent, postpone, impostor, imposture, posture. 
 
 6. Use: opposite, positive, deposit, depot, position. 
 
 c. Use: preposition, exposition, imposition. 
 
 d. Use: post, depository, depositary, repository, composite, 
 
 compound. 
 
 e. Derive: explanation, principle, testimony, affirm. 
 
 361. an' te-, before. 
 
 an' te me rid" i an (210), be- an' te di lu" vi an (378), be- 
 fore noon, {ante-, P.) fore the deluge. 
 
 an te' ri or, prior; opposite an' te ce" dent (384), prior; 
 
 of posterior (499). going before. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: antedate, antebellum (509), antechamber. 
 
 362. mag' nus, great, ma' jor, greater. 
 
 ma' jor, greater; a military ma jes' tic, great; glorious; 
 
 title. [a city. highly exalted (480). 
 
 may' or, the chief officer of mag' nSte, a noble; a man 
 
 ma j6r' i ty, more than half of great influence (455). 
 
 the number, as in voting; Mag' na •€har' ta {Mag' na 
 
 legal adult age. Kar' ta), the Great Char- 
 
 maj' es ty, greatness; a title ter obtained in 1215 from 
 
 of a monarch (544). the king of England. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: magnitude, magnificent (419), magnify, magistrate, 
 
 master, 
 c. Derive: military, legal, chief. 
 
 363. as' ter (doriyp), a star. 
 
 as' ter isk, a star printed to as' ter old, a small planet, 
 
 call attention to a foot- as trol' o gy, foretelling 
 
 «ote. [earthly. events through study of 
 
 as' tral, like the stars; not the stars and planets. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: aster, disaster, disastrous, astronomy. 
 
PART TWO 105 
 
 364. mi nu' e re, to lessen, mi' nor, less. 
 
 mi nute', exceedingly small. min' i mize, to make appear 
 men' % a schedule of small small; to belittle; to de- 
 details, as a bill of fare. predate (157). 
 min' ii at', a kind of dance, mi' nor, less; one not yet of 
 
 with slow short steps. legal age. 
 
 di min' ii tive, very small. min' im, a very small quan- 
 
 dim' i nil" tion, a lessening. tity; a drop, 
 
 min' i fy, to lessen; opposite min' i mmn, the lowest limit, 
 of magnify (362). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: minute, minuend, diminish, minus, minority. 
 
 .365. o dor, scent; odor, o le' re, to smell. 
 
 red' o lent, emitting sweet ol fac' to ry, relating to the 
 
 odors. organs of smell. 
 
 mal o' do rous (430), having o dor if' er ous (236), fra- 
 
 bad odors. grant, bearing odor. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 5. Use: odor, odorous, odorless, inodorous. 
 
 366. 11' bra, a balance. 
 
 lev' el, having no part higher e' qui lib" ri mn (343), a state 
 
 than another; even; hori- of balance. 
 
 zontal. li' brate, to balance; to make 
 
 de lib' er ate, to weigh in the even. 
 
 mind, as reasons for and Ii bra' tion, act of being bal- 
 
 against. anced or poised (417). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: deliberate, deUberation, deliberately. 
 
 367. prae' da, prey. 
 
 pre da' ceous, living by prey, pred' a to ry, given to rob- 
 
 as a carnivorous beast; dis- bing or plundering; seek- 
 
 posed to plunder. ing to pillage. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: prey, depredate, depredation. 
 
106 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 368. vi' gil, watchful 
 
 vig' il, a watch, or wakeful 
 time, as at the bedside of 
 the sick, etc. 
 
 vig' i lant, wakeful; watch- 
 ful; alert. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 vig' i lance, watchfulness. 
 
 re veU' le (P. rtv aV ya; in 
 U. S. army, rev a le'), a mili- 
 tary signal (449) for sol- 
 diers to get ready for duty. 
 
 6. Derive: signal, soldier, duty. 
 
 369. nun' ci us, a messenger. 
 
 nun' ci o, an agent or repre- 
 sentative of the Pope. 
 
 e nun' ci ate, to declare; to 
 proclaim; to utter dis- 
 tinctly. 
 
 pro' nun ci a" tion, utterance; 
 act of pronouncing. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: renounce, renunciation, announce, pronounce. 
 
 c. Derive: declare, proclaim, distinctly, public. 
 
 de nounce', to inform against; 
 to point out as deserving 
 punishment. 
 
 de nun' ci a" tion, act of de- 
 nouncing; accusation. 
 
 an nounce' ment, a public no- 
 tice (444); publication. 
 
 370. ve ni' re (ventum), to come. 
 
 con ven' ti cle, an assembly 
 of worshippers; a private 
 or secret meeting. 
 
 c6v' e nant, a solemn agree- 
 ment; a written promise; 
 a bargain. Ps. cv : 8-9. 
 
 con' tra vene", to act against; 
 to disregard; to transgress; 
 (385). 
 
 in' ter ven" tion, a coming 
 between; interference. 
 
 in' ven to ry, an account or 
 declared list of property. 
 
 su' per vene", to come in as 
 added influence (455); to 
 come in unexpectedly. 
 
 par' ve nu, one who has re- 
 cently come into possession 
 of wealth; an upstart. 
 
 sott' ve nir (soo' ve ner), 
 a keepsake; something for 
 remembrance. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: event, advent, adventure, prevent, convenient. 
 
 c. Use: venture, venturesome, convent, invent, invention. 
 
 d. Use; convene, convention, perad venture, avenue. 
 
 e. Use: intervene, circumvent. 
 
PART TWO 107 
 
 371. di ca' re, to declare. 
 
 in' di cate, to point out; to ded' i cats, to give to a 
 
 show. cause; to devote; to apply 
 
 ab' di cate, to surrender, as to a purpose. 
 
 the power and authority of pred' i cate, to assert; to 
 
 a monarch (544). confirm concerning some- 
 
 ab' di ca" tion, act of abdi- thing, as to predicate fa- 
 
 cating. tigue from labor. 
 
 pre die' a ment, condition; pred' i ca ble, that may be 
 
 • plight. predicated or aflirmed. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: index, indication, indicative, preach. 
 I. Derive: point, surrender, confirm. 
 
 372. pro' pri us, one's own. 
 
 ap pro' pri ate, to take to ex pro' pri ate, to take away; 
 
 one's self; to set apart for to transfer possession from 
 
 a purpose. one to another. 
 
 ap pro' pri ate, suitable; fit. im prop' er, wrong; unfit, 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: proper, property, properly, improperly, inappropriate, 
 c. Use: propriety, impropriety, proprietor, proprietary. 
 
 373. pro' pe, near, prox' i mus, nearest. 
 
 prox' i mate, nearest; next prox im' i ty, nearness ; neigh- 
 
 before, or after. borhood. 
 
 ap prox' i m.ate, to come near pro pin' qui ty, nearness in 
 
 to; to approach. time or place. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: approach, reproach, unapproachable, irreproachable. 
 
 374. ve' rus, true. 
 
 a ver', to declare solemnly. ve ra' cious, true; truthful, 
 
 ver' i ty, truth. Ps. cxi : 7. ve rid' i cal, truth-telling. 
 
 ver' diet (See 298). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: very, verily, verify, veracity. 
 
 c. Use: verification, veritable, verisimilar (284), verisimilitude 
 
 (2S4). 
 
108 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 375. so' ci us, a companion. 
 
 companionship; dis so' ci ate, to disunite; to 
 
 separate. 
 so' ci ol" o gy (543), social 
 science. 
 
 so ci' e ty, 
 
 company; union. 
 as so' ci ate, a companion or 
 
 partner. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: sociable, social, associate (ti). 
 
 c. Derive: join, union, separate. 
 
 376. al' ter, other, al' ter nus, one after another. 
 
 &1 ter' nate, one after another 
 
 by turns. 
 &1 ter' nate ly, in alternate 
 
 order; by turns. 
 
 fil' tru igm, devotion to the 
 interests of others; unself- 
 ishness. 
 
 sub al' tern, of inferior rank, 
 as a subaltern officer (419). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: alteration, alternation, altercation, alter. 
 
 c. Derive: devotion, interest. 
 
 377. mos (moris), manner; conduct. 
 
 m6r' al§, good or bad con- 
 duct in regard to duty. 
 
 m6i'al ize, to explain morals; 
 to speak or think concern- 
 ing right and wrong. 
 
 mo r&le' (rftl), disciplinary 
 condition, as in an army. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: moral, morality, immoral, demoralization. 
 
 c. Derive: army, destroy, confusion. 
 
 de mdr' al ize, to destroy dis- 
 cipline; to weaken morale 
 or morals. 
 
 de mure', modest (238); 
 sober; grave (287). 
 
 mo rose', of gloomy manner; 
 ill-humored. 
 
 378. lu' e re, to wash (332). 
 
 di lu' vi al, relating to a flood, 
 or deluge. 
 
 an' te di lu" vi an (361), re- 
 lating to the times before 
 the deluge. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ab lu' tion, act of washing or 
 
 bathing. 
 di lu' tion, to make thin, as 
 
 by adding water (di-, for 
 
 dis-, P.) 
 
 &. Use: deluge, pollution, pollute, dilute. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 109 
 
 379. sa' tis, enough. 
 
 sa' ti ate {sa sM cUe), to sat- 
 isfy; to give too much, as 
 food. Jer. xxxi : 14. 
 in sa' ti ate, not satisfied with 
 enough. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: saturate, satisfy, dissatisfaction, unsatisfactory. 
 
 sa ti' e ty, fullness to reple- 
 tion (75); excess; surfeit 
 (342). 
 
 in sa' ti a ble, that may not 
 be satisfied. 
 
 380. o ra' re, to pray; to speak, os, the mouth. 
 
 in ex' o ra ble, unyielding; 
 
 unmoved, as by prayer. 
 per o ra' tion, the closing part 
 
 of an oration, 
 o" ro tund' (See 258). 
 or' i son, a prayer (used in 
 
 poetry). 
 
 o' ral, spoken, not written; 
 
 relating to the mouth. 
 or i fice, a mouth, or opening, 
 
 as of a waterpipe, etc. 
 o rac' u lar, in the manner 
 of an oracle; solemnity of 
 speech. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: adore, adoration, oration, orator, oracle. 
 
 381. sane' tus, sacred; holy. 
 
 saint, one who lives a holy sane' ti mo" ni ous, of a holy 
 
 life. appearance, or manner. 
 
 sane' ti fy, to make holy. sac' ro sanct (383), most holy. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: sanction, sanctity, sanctuary, sanctum. 
 
 382. prez, prayer. 
 
 im' pre cate, to invoke (394) 
 
 evU; to curse, 
 im' pre ca" tion, a prayer 
 
 that e-\-il may befall any 
 
 one; a curse. 
 
 pre ca' ri ous, unsettled; in- 
 secure. 
 dep' re cate, to wish other- 
 wise; to be opposed to; 
 to pray against. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: pray, prayer, prayerful. 
 
 383. sa' cer, holy, 
 sac' ra ment, a sacred cere- saf ' er do tal, relating to sa- 
 
 mony, especially the Lord's 
 Supper. 
 
 cred things; priestly. 
 ex' e crate, to hate; to curse. 
 
no 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATI\^S 
 
 con' se crate, to declare holy; 
 to make sacred; to dedi- 
 cate (371) to sacred uses. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ex' e era ble, hateful, 
 sac' ris tan, an officer of the 
 church. (See vestry, 221.) 
 
 6. Use: sacred, sacrifice, sexton, desecrate, sacrilege. 
 384. ce' de re (cessum), to yield; to move (262). 
 
 pro ce' dure, manner or act 
 
 of proceeding; conduct; 
 
 any step in a course. 
 pref ' e dent, something that 
 
 happens or goes before; a 
 
 previous condition. 
 pre ced' ence, right to the 
 
 place of honor; superior 
 
 rank. 
 pre ces' sion, act of going 
 
 forward, 
 ac' cess, means of approach; 
 
 a coming in. 
 
 in' ter cede", to act between 
 parties for the purpose of 
 settling differences. 
 
 in' ter ces" sion, act of inter- 
 ceding. Isaiah liii : 12. 
 
 pred' e ces" sor, one who has 
 preceded another, as in 
 office. 
 
 un pref' e dent ed, unexam- 
 pled; without precedent; 
 having nothing similar to 
 authorize it. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: proceed, succeed, exceed, excess, excessive. 
 
 c. Use: success, successive, succession. 
 
 d. Use: ancestor, procession, antecedent, precede. 
 
 e. Derive: previous, approach, similar, support. 
 
 385. gra' di (gressum), to step; to walk. 
 
 gra' di ent, inclined part of 
 a roadway; ascent or de- 
 scent. 
 
 in gre' di ent, a part; one of 
 the parts of a compound. 
 
 ret' ro grade, to go back; to 
 yield ground. 
 
 re' tro gres" sion, act of ret- 
 rograding or going back. 
 
 di gress', to turn aside, or 
 wander, as from a path or 
 a subject. 
 
 e' gress, act of going out. 
 
 in' gress, act of coming in. 
 
 ag gres' sive, eager to ad- 
 vance; attacking; going 
 forward. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: grade, gradation, gradual, graduate, degrade. 
 
 c. Use: progress, progressive, congress, transgress, degree. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 111 
 
 386. im pe di ca' re, to entangle, pes, a foot. 
 
 ped' i gree, line of ances- 
 tors (384); lineage (116). 
 
 ped' i eel, the stalk of a single 
 flower. 
 
 pe dun' cle, stem of a flower, 
 or cluster of flowers. 
 
 im peach', to accuse; to 
 charge with ofiicial wrong; 
 originally, to hinder; to 
 prevent. 
 
 ped' es tal, base of a pUlar 
 or a statue. 
 
 im ped' i ment, an obstruc- 
 tion; a hindrance; that 
 which impedes. Mark vii: 
 32. 
 
 ex' pe dite, to quicken; to 
 hasten. 
 
 ex pe' di ent, suitable; help- 
 ful: n., a help. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: biped (102), quadruped (400), centipede (107), pedes- 
 
 trian. 
 
 c. Use: pedal, velocipede (velox, swift), impede, expedition. 
 
 387. sta' re (statum), to stand (158; 389). 
 
 state' ly, grand; lofty; ma- 
 jestic. 
 
 Stat' ute, a law, as of a state. 
 
 Stat' u to ry, relating to stat- 
 ute law. 
 
 sta tis' tics, tables of facts; 
 collections of facts in re- 
 gard to a country. 
 
 sta' tus, state; condition. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: state, estate, statesman, statement. 
 
 c. Use: station, stationary, statue, statuary. 
 
 d. Use: reinstate, stature, stand, standard, understanding. 
 
 388. va le' re, to be strong, or worth 
 
 val' id, sound; well grounded, 
 as an argument. 
 
 in vjd' id, not sound; not 
 good in law. 
 
 va lid' i ty, strength; sound- 
 ness. 
 
 in val' u a ble, having a value 
 beyond calculation (523). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: valuable, avail, prevail, equivalent (343) 
 
 c. Use: value, valor, valiant, convalescent. 
 
 val' i date, to render valid; 
 
 to give force to. 
 in' va lid, one disabled, as by 
 
 weakness or sickness. 
 val' e tu' di na" ri an, one 
 
 who is infirm in health. 
 con' va les" cence, recovery 
 
 from sickness, {-escence, S.) 
 
112 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 389. sta' re, to stand (158; 387). 
 
 con' sti tute, to form; to in' stance, an example; a 
 
 appoint; to establish. case in hand. 
 
 con stit' u ent, a necessary sta' ble, firm; fixed; steady, 
 
 part; an ingredient; a / Chr. xvi : 30. 
 
 voter. con' stan cy, firmness of mind; 
 
 in' sti tute, to establish; to steadfastness. 
 
 set in operation. des' tine, to doom; to ap- 
 
 sub stan' ti ate, to prove; to point; to decree; to fore- 
 
 verify, ordain (423). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: institution, restore, restitution, substitute, substance. 
 
 c. Use: constitution, superstition, obstacle, obstinacy, instant. 
 
 d. Use: destitute, destination, establish, constant, stability, 
 
 circumstance (339), solstice (212), cost. 
 
 e. Derive: appoint, ingredient, operation, verify. 
 
 390. fu' ge re, to flee. 
 
 fu ga' cious, fieeing; not last- feb' ri fflge, medicine to allay 
 
 ing. [center (451). fever. [pel worms. 
 
 cen trif u gal, flying from the ver' mi fuge, medicine to ex- 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: refuge, fugitive, subterfuge. 
 
 391. vi' ti um, a fault. 
 
 \V ti ate, to make faulty, or vi tu' per ate, to vilify; to 
 
 imperfect; to spoil. , scold abusively, 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: vice, vicious, viciously, vituperation. 
 
 392. jun' ge re, to join; to yoke, ju' gum, a yoke. 
 
 en join', to urge; to enforce, con join', to join; to unite. 
 
 as by law. con' ju gal, relating to mar- 
 
 join' ture, joint share in an riage. 
 
 estate, as that of a wife. j«' gii lar, belonging to the 
 
 jun' ta, a council, or legisla- throat, 
 
 tive body, as in Spain. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: join, adjoining, disjoin, joiner, joint, 
 c. Use: conjugate, subjugate, subjoin, disjointed. 
 
PART TWO 113 
 
 393. jun' ge re (junctum), to join. 
 
 joQc' ture, a union; a joint; con junc' tive, conjoining; 
 
 a seam; a point of time. uniting. 
 
 ad' junct, something joined, dis junc' tive, disjoining; sap- 
 
 or added to; a help. arating. 
 
 in junc' tion, earnest advice; con junc' ture, a crisis; corn- 
 
 legal command. bination of events. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 5. Use: junction, conjunction, subjunctive, 
 c. Derive: legal, command, unite. 
 
 394. vo ca' re, to call, vox, voice. 
 
 vo cif' er ate, to shout. con voke', to call together. 
 
 a vouch', to declare earnestly. con' vo ca" tion, a meeting; 
 
 vo ca' tion, a business, call- an assembly. iVwrn. xxviii: 
 
 ing, or trade. 26. [evoke a reply. 
 
 av' o ca" tion, an occupation e voke', to call forth, as to 
 
 less important than one's ir rev' o ca ble, that may not 
 
 vocation. be revoked, or retracted. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: voice, vocal, vowel, vouch, advocate. 
 
 c. Use: vociferous, vocabulary, invoke, provoke, provocation, 
 
 revoke. 
 
 d. Derive: important, retract. 
 
 395. so' nus, sound. 
 
 u' ni son, agreement, as of so na' ta, a musical composi- 
 
 sounds. tion. 
 
 dis' so nant, discordant; in- son' net, a short harmonious 
 
 harmonious. poem of fourteen lines . 
 
 a. niustrate. 
 
 b. Use: soimd, resound, resonant, sonorous, consonant. 
 
 396. flee' te re, to bend. 
 
 in fleet', to bend; to mod- re flex', bent back; having a 
 
 ulate (238) ; to vary end- backward influence, 
 
 ings, as in the inflection of gen' n flee" tion, bending of 
 
 verbs. • the knee. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: deflect, deflection, reflect, flexible, flexibilitj'. 
 
114 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 397. te' ge re, to cover. 
 
 pro tect', to cover, or shield teg' u ment, the skin, 
 
 from harm. pro te ge' (pro ta zha'), one 
 
 in teg' u ment, an envelope protected by another; a 
 
 or cover; the skin. dependent. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: detect, detection, detective, undetected, protection. 
 
 c. Derive: dependent. 
 
 398. su' per, above; over. 
 
 in su' per a ble, not to be 
 
 overcome. 
 su perb', grand; magnificent 
 
 (362). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: superior, superiority, supreme, supremely, superstition, 
 
 superintend (328). 
 
 c. Derive: authority. 
 
 su' per cil" i ous, haughty; 
 
 full of pride, 
 su prem' a cy, a state of 
 
 greater authority. 
 
 399. du' 0, two. 
 
 du' al, twofold; double. 
 
 du al' i ty, doubleness; state 
 
 of being dual. 
 du plif ' i ty, doubleness of 
 conduct; deceit. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: duel, double, redouble, dupUcate, 
 c. Derive: conduct, deceit. 
 
 du' plex, double; twofold. 
 du' bi ous, doubtful; having 
 
 two aspects. 
 in du' bi ta ble, beyond all 
 
 doubt. 
 
 400. qua' tu or, four, quar' tus, fourth, 
 quad' ri lat" er al, having four qu? drille', a dance. 
 
 sides 
 quad ru' ma nous, having 
 
 four hands, as a monkey. 
 quad' rant, a quarter of a 
 circle. 
 
 a. Illustrate. • 
 
 6. Use: squad, squadron, square, quadrangle, quadrillion. 
 
 c. Use: quadrennial (106), quadruple, quarter, quarterly. 
 
 quar' ter age, quarterly pay- 
 ment. 
 
 quftr' to, a book in which the 
 leaf is a quarter of a sheet. 
 
FART TWO 115 
 
 401. hex (1^), six. 
 
 hex' a gon, a figure with six hex' a chord, a musical in- 
 
 sides. strument with six strings. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Derive: instrument. 
 
 402. sa' pe re, to taste; to be wise. 
 
 sa' vor, scent; taste; relish. sa' pi ent, wise; shrewd. 
 
 Matt. V : 13. sa' pi ence, wisdom; knowl- 
 sa pid' i ty, state of being edge; shrewdness. 
 
 palatable. sap' o rif" ic, causing taste, 
 sage, wise; sagacious; shrewd. savor, or relish. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: savory, insipid, insipidity, unsavory. 
 
 403. gus' tus, taste; relish. 
 
 gus' to, taste; keen relish. dis gust', loathing; great dis- 
 
 like. 
 o. Illustrate. 
 h. Use: disgusted, disgusting, gustation, gustatory. 
 
 404. vin di ca' re, to ^-indicate. 
 
 vin' di cate, to uphold; to vin die' tive, revengeful; 
 
 defend successfully. given to revenge, 
 
 o. niustrat*. 
 
 6. Use: vengeance, revenge, revengeful, avenge, avenger. 
 c. Derive: justify, defend, successfully. 
 
 405. no' men (nomiiiis), a name. 
 
 nom' i nal, relating to a name; no" men cla' tiire, a system 
 
 in name only; not ia real- of names or terms; a 
 
 ity. vocabulary. 
 
 mis no' mer, a wrong name. ig' no min y, shame; dis- 
 
 {mis-, P.) grace; a bad name. 
 
 de nom' i nate, to give a ig no min' i ous, shameful; 
 
 name to. disgraceful. 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: noun, pronoun, nominee, nominate, denomination, re 
 
 nown. 
 
116 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 406. pa' ter {irarrip), father. 
 pa ter' nit ty, state of being a ex pa' tri ate, to banish; to 
 
 father. 
 
 pa tri' clan, a Roman noble- 
 man in ancient times; ia. 
 person of high birth. 
 
 pat' ri mo ny, an inheritance; 
 . an estate descended from a 
 father. 
 
 pa' tron, one who protects, 
 supports, or favors. 
 
 remove from one's coun- 
 try. 
 
 ex pa' tri a" tion, exile. 
 
 pa' ter fa mil' I as, a father 
 of a family. 
 
 pat' ro nfta" ic (534), a pa- 
 ternal name; a surname. 
 
 pa tris' tic, relating to the 
 Church Fathers. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: patriarch, patriot, patriotic, father. , 
 
 c. Use: patronage, paternal, pattern, patroon. 
 
 d. Use: patroness, patronize. 
 
 e. Derive: inheritance, protects, supports, banish, remove. 
 
 407. fra' ter, a brother. 
 
 fra ter' ni ty, a brotherhood; 
 
 a society, 
 fra ter' nsJ, brotherly. 
 con' frere', an associate; a 
 
 colleague. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 con' fra ter' ni ty, a religious 
 order, or brotherhood. 
 
 fri' ar, one of a religious 
 order or brotherhood. 
 
 frat' ri cide (See 322). 
 
 408. ver' te re (versum), to turn. 
 
 ver' sa tile, able to turn eas- 
 ily, as from one subject to 
 another. 
 
 ob verse', the front side, as 
 of a medal, or coin. 
 
 re verse', opposite; opposed 
 to obverse. 
 
 ad verse', unfavorable; con- 
 trary. 
 con' verse, on the opposite 
 
 side; opposite, 
 di verse', different; opposed, 
 di' verg, several; various. 
 Prov. XX : 10. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: adversary, conversation, universe, universal. 
 
 c. Use; diversity, versify, university, version, verse, adversity. 
 
 d. Derive: contrary, opposite, different. 
 
 409. ver' te re, to turn, 
 ver' tex, the highest point; an' i mad vert", to notice; to 
 
 the top. 
 
 turn to; to censure. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 117 
 
 ver' te bra, one of the parts, 
 
 or segments, of the spine. 
 vor' tex, a whirlpool. 
 con ver' sion, a change of 
 
 mind or heart; any change, 
 an' ni ver" sa ry (See 106). 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: vertical, vertigo, convert, invert, inversion. 
 
 t'. Use: controversy, advertise, pervert, perversion. 
 
 d. Use: revert, reversion, avert, divert. 
 
 e. Derive: segment, dispute, careless, notice. 
 
 sub vert', to turn under; to 
 overthrow. [in speech, 
 
 ad vert', to turn to; to notice 
 
 con tro vert (See 155). 
 
 in' ad vert" ent, careless; neg^ 
 ligent; unintentional. 
 
 410. vi' cis, change. 
 
 vi ca' ri ous, suffering for an- 
 other; substitutional. 
 
 ■^c' ar, a pastor; a minister 
 (300) who has charge of a 
 church. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: vice president, viceroy, vicarage 
 
 c. Derive: suffer, substitute, irregular. 
 
 vice ge' rent (297), one who 
 acts in place of another; a 
 deputy. 
 
 vi cis' si tude, change; irreg- 
 ular or unforeseen change. 
 
 411. ja' ce re, to throw. 
 
 ab' ject, degraded; base; low. 
 
 in ject', to throw in. 
 
 ad ja' cent, lying very near. 
 
 sub ja' cent, lying under or 
 below. 
 
 in' ter ject", to throw be- 
 tween. 
 
 tra ject', to throw across or 
 
 over. 
 tra jec' to ry, a curve, as the 
 
 line of flight of a missUe 
 
 (217). 
 e jac' u late, to exclaim; to 
 
 cry out. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: reject, eject, object, subject, project. 
 
 c. Use: adjective, conjecture, dejected, projectile. 
 
 d. Derive: across, missile, exclaim. 
 
 412. du ra' re, to last, du' rus, hard. 
 
 diir' ance, imprisonment, 
 du' ress, compulsion; re- 
 straint; imprisonment. 
 
 in" du rat' ed, made unfeel- 
 ing; hardened; made hard, 
 as clay by fire. 
 
118 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 ob' du rate, unfeeling; hard- ob'duracy, hardhearted- 
 
 hearted; stubborn. ness; stubbornness. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: endure, endurance, durable, durability, duration. 
 
 c. Derive: compulsion, restraint, imprisonment. 
 
 413. lu' de re (lusum), to play. 
 
 e lude', to escape; to shun; il lu' gion, deceptive appear- 
 to evade. ance. 
 
 col lu' gion, deceit agreed up- lu' di crous, comical; droll; 
 
 on; fraud. laughable. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: allusion, delusion, delusive, elusive, elusion. 
 
 c. Use: allude, delude, prelude, illusive. 
 
 d. Derive: escape, evade, deceptive, appearance. 
 
 414. sphai' ra ((r^aipa), a ball. 
 
 sphe rif ' i ty, form of a sphe roid', a figure almost 
 
 sphere; roundness. spherical. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: sphere, spherical, atmosphere, hemisphere. 
 
 415. le va' re, to raise. 
 
 al le' vi ate, to soothe; to rel' e vant, bearing upon; per- 
 
 lighten, as distress. tinent. 
 
 lev' i ty, lightness of manner Le vant', a name given to the 
 
 or conduct; giddiness. eastern [toward the sunrise] 
 
 lev' i ta" tion, act of decreas- shores of the Mediterra- 
 
 ing weight. nean Sea. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: relieve, elevate, lever, leaven, levy, levee. 
 
 c. Derive: distress, decrease, pertinent. 
 
 416. cen se' re, to appraise; to tax. 
 
 cen' sor, a harsh or severe cen' sus, a numbering, as of 
 
 critic; an inspector. the people, etc. 
 
 cen so' ri ous, full of censure; re cen' sion, a review or revi- 
 
 severe in reproach. sion, as of a book. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: severe, inspect, reproach, review. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 119 
 
 417. pon' dus, weight, pen' de re, to weigh (267). 
 
 pon' der, to weigh in the poise, to balance. 
 
 mind; to deliberate. Prov. coun" ter poi§e', to counter- 
 
 V : 21. balance; to offset. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: ponderous, preponderate, preponderance, avoirdupois. 
 
 418. fa' ce re, to do; to make (342; 419; 420). 
 
 fac' tion, a party in opposi- 
 tion, 
 fac' tious, disorderly; given 
 to faction, or party spirit. 
 fac ti' tious, not natural; ar- 
 tificial (52). 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: fact, factor, benefactor, malefactor. 
 
 c. Use: factory, manufacture. 
 
 d. Derive: opposition, artificial, party, corps, 
 
 fac' ill ty, power; ability; a 
 corps of teachers. 
 
 de fad to, as a fact; in fact. 
 (A de facto power exists in 
 fact, but may not exist by 
 right. See de jure, 359.) 
 
 419. fa' ce re, to do; to make (342; 418; 420). 
 
 ed' i fi ca" tion, instruction, 
 
 especially in morals. 
 of fi' clous, meddlesome; 
 
 CO' ef fi" cient, acting to- 
 gether; a symbol in math- 
 ematics. 
 def ' i cit, lack of enough, as 
 in a treasury; & falling 
 short, 
 ed' i fy, to teach; to instruct 
 and improve. Rom. xiv : 
 19. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: office, officer, officiate, sufficient, magnificent (362). 
 
 c. Use: suffice, efficient, proficient, deficient, edifice, official. 
 
 helping when not needed. 
 ex" of tl" ci b, because of of- 
 fice. (The President is ex 
 officio commander of the 
 army and navy.) 
 
 420. fa' ce re, to do (342; 418; 419). 
 
 de fee' tive, imperfect; hav- 
 ing defects. 
 
 de fee' tion, desertion (326) 
 from a cause (111); revolt 
 (520). 
 
 re fee' to ry, an eating room. 
 
 dis' af fee" tion, ill will; dis- 
 Uke. 
 
 ef fi ca" clous, causing ef- 
 fect; efficient. 
 
 in feet', to corrupt; to pol- 
 lute, as with disease. 
 
120 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 con fee' tion, a sweetmeat; a re fee' tion, refreshment; a 
 
 preserve. lunch. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: effect, affect, effective, effectual, disaffected, 
 c. Use: disinfect, perfect, perfection, infection, imperfectly. 
 
 421. ex' te rus, outer; foreign. 
 
 ex te' ri or, outside; on the ex treme', very great; the 
 
 surface (428). greatest degree. 
 
 ex ter' nal, outward; pertain- ex trin' sic, without; not con- 
 
 ing to the outside part. tained in; external. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: extremely, externally, extremity. 
 
 422. spa' ti um, space. 
 
 space, room; extension; dis- spa' tial, of, or relating to, 
 
 tance; that which has space. 
 
 dimension. ex pa' ti ate, to speak fully 
 
 spa' cious, roomy; extensive; or largely; to range through 
 
 having ample room. space. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: extent, distance, relate. 
 
 423. or' do, order. 
 
 or' di nal, relating to numeri- or' di na" tion, act of ordain- 
 
 cal order; as first, second, ing, or setting apart for 
 
 third. the ministry. 
 
 or' di nance, a law; a de- in or' di nate, excessive; not 
 
 cree. Isaiah Iviii : 2. moderate. 
 
 ord' nance, cannon; heavy co 8r' di nate, equal in rank; 
 
 artillery. of the same order. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: order, disorder, orderly, disorderly. 
 
 c. Use: ordinary, extraordinary, subordinate, insubordinate, 
 
 ordain. 
 
 d. Derive: numerical, moderate, equal. 
 
 424. tas' sein {raaaav), to arrange; to put in order, 
 tac' tics, art of managing tax' i der' my, the art of pre- 
 
 forces, as in battle; man- serving skins as natural 
 
 agement. specimens. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 121 
 
 tac ti' cian, a skillful maneu- 
 verer. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: tactician, syntactical, taxidermist. 
 
 syn' tax, proper arrangement 
 of words in sentences. 
 
 425. su me' re (sumptum), to take. 
 
 as sume', to take; to claim; 
 to take for granted. 
 
 re §ume', to take again. 
 
 sump' tu a ry, relating to ex- 
 pense, or the cost (389) of 
 living. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: consume, consumption, presume, presumption, sump' 
 
 tuous, presumptuous. 
 
 c. Derive: claim, expense, suppose. 
 
 as siunp' tion, supposition; 
 
 act of taking for granted. 
 con sump' tive, destructive; 
 
 wasting. 
 pre §ump' tive, supposed; 
 
 probable; to be presumed. 
 
 426. tri bu' e re, to give. 
 
 con trib' ute, to help, or give, 
 
 with others. 
 at trib' ute, to ascribe; to 
 
 impute. 
 dis trib' ute, to deal out; to 
 
 divide; to dispense. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: tribute, tributary, contribution, tribe. 
 
 c. Derive: ascribe, impute, dispense. 
 
 ret' ri bu" tion, repayment; 
 
 reward and punishment; 
 
 effect upon the doer of 
 
 what he does. 
 re trib' ii tive, pertaining to 
 
 retribution or repayment. 
 
 427. mu' nus, a gift; a service (165). 
 
 im mu' ni ty, exemption from 
 punishment or injury. 
 
 im miine', exempt from dan- 
 ger, as of a disease. 
 
 com' mu nist (See 165). 
 
 com' mu nism (See 165). 
 
 mu nif' i cence, liberality ; gen- 
 erosity (458) ; great bounty, 
 com mun' ion, fellowship; 
 act of sharing, as of 
 thought, or property; sym- 
 pathetic (555) thought. 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: common, communicate, excommunicate, remuneration, 
 
 community, municipal, 
 c. Derive: liberality, bounty, exemption, injury. 
 
122 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 428. fa' ci es, the face; form. 
 
 su' per fl" cial, on the sur- fS fade' (f& sad'), the ftont 
 
 face; not deep. of a building, 
 
 su' per fl" ci es (fish' i ez), fas' et {fds' et), a Uttle face; 
 
 area; surface; outside. a small surface. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: face, facial, surface, deface, efface. 
 
 429. pec' tus, the breast. 
 
 pec' to ral, relating to the ex pec' to rate, to eject from 
 
 breast. the lungs. 
 
 pdr' a pet, a breast-high pro- ex pec' to rant, medicine for 
 
 tection, or wall. a cough. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Derive: protection, medicine. 
 
 430. ma' lus, bad. 
 
 ma lign', evil; of evil intent; mal prac' tice, wrong practice, 
 
 (opposite of benign, 247). as by a physician. 
 
 mal' con tent', dissatisfied; ma lef i cent (opposite of be- 
 
 discontented. neficent, 247). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: malefactor (418), malice, malicious, malediction (298)! 
 
 c. Use: malady, malaria (487), malignant, malignity, 
 
 d. Derive: intent, dissatisfied. 
 
 431. o' di um, hatred. 
 
 o' di ous, deserving hatred; noi' some, harmful; destruc- 
 
 hateful. tive. Ps. xci : 3. 
 
 o' di um, that which attracts en nui' {dn nwe'), weariness; 
 
 hate. lack of interest. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: annoy, annoyed, annoyance, 
 c. Derive: destructive, interest, deserving. 
 
 432. pli ca' re, to fold; to plait, plec' te re, to weave; 
 to thrust. 
 
 im plis' it, impUed; contain- im' pli cate, to imply; to en- 
 
 ed in itself; needing nothing tangle, as by charging with 
 
 from outside. crime. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 123 
 
 ex plif ' it, plain; clear; di- 
 rect; not complicated. 
 
 com plex' i ty, state of being 
 complex; intricacy (435); 
 entanglement. 
 
 com plis' i ty, participation, 
 as in guilt. 
 
 ac com' plica, an associate, 
 especially in crime. 
 
 per plex' i ty, a mental en- 
 tanglement; bewilderment. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: plait, ply, pliant, pliable. 
 
 c. Use: reply, appliance, application, complicate. 
 
 d. Use: employ, deploy, display, exploit. 
 
 e. Use: comply, compliance, imply, complex, perplex. 
 /. Derive: contain, explain, clear, direct. 
 
 433. te' nu is, thin 
 
 ten' u ous, thin; small; not 
 
 dense. 
 at ten' \i ate, to make thin; 
 
 to weaken; to lessen; to 
 
 become less. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: attenuated, extenuating, extenuation. 
 
 c. Derive: dense, crime. 
 
 te nu' i ty, thinness; meager- 
 
 ness; flimsiness. 
 ex ten' u ate, to soften, or 
 
 palliate, as a crime; to 
 
 lessen. 
 
 434. mis ce' re, to mingle; to mix. 
 
 mis' eel la ny, a mixture, as 
 a book of mixed, or varied, 
 literature (471). 
 
 mis' ci ble, that may be mix- 
 ed. 
 
 pro mis' cu ous, confused; 
 mixed together in con- 
 fusion. 
 mis' eel la" ne ous, various; 
 of various kinds; mixed. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: mix, mixture, admixture, intermix, meddle 
 c. Derive: confuse, vary. 
 
 435. in tri ca' re, to entangle, tri' cae, hindrances; 
 entanglements. 
 
 in' tri cate, greatly tangled; 
 difficult to understand; 
 complicated, " as the wind- 
 ings of a labyrinth." 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 in trigue', a secret plot. 
 
 ex' tri ca ble, that may be 
 extricated, or freed from 
 complication or difficulty. 
 
 6. Use: intricacy, extricate, inextricable. 
 
124 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 436. un gu' e re, to smear; to rub as with oil. 
 
 a noint', to rub with oil as 
 a religious rite. Luke vii : 
 46. [anointing. 
 
 oint' ment, oil; oil used for 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: anointed, anointing. 
 
 uq' guent, an ointment or 
 
 salve used as a medicine, 
 unc' tion, act of anointing. 
 unc' tu ous, oily; greasy; fat. 
 
 437. ac' i dus, sour; sharp. 
 
 fif' id, sour. a old' u late, to make slight- 
 
 a cid' u lous, somewhat sour. ly acid. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 438. ra' dix, a root. 
 
 rad' i cal, thorough; ex- e rad' 1 cate, to uproot; to 
 treme; pertaining to the destroy completely. 
 
 root. 
 rad' i cle, the germ of a root, 
 as in a plant. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Derive; extreme, germ, complete, pertain, 
 
 ra' dix, a root, as in mathe- 
 matics. 
 rad' ish, a root-plant. 
 
 439. fo' li um, a leaf. 
 
 foil, a leaf, or thin sheet, of 
 
 metal, as gold foil, 
 cinque" foil', a plant; the 
 "five-finger." {cinque, five.) 
 fo' li o, a leaf; a book made 
 of sheets once folded. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: foliage, foliaceous, trefoil, portfolio (68). 
 c. Derive: plant, surface. 
 
 de fo' li ate, to strip of leaves. 
 tri fo' li ate, three-leaved; 
 
 having three leaflets. 
 ex fo' li ate, to throw off 
 
 from the surface, in scales, 
 
 or splinters. 
 
 440. ca le' re, to heat; to become hot. 
 
 cal' dron, a kettle; a boiler, 
 cal' e fy, to make warm or 
 
 hot. 
 cal' e fac" tion, act of heat- 
 ing. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Derive: unit, produce, act. 
 
 cal' o ry (or ie), a unit of 
 
 heat. 
 cal' o rif " ic, producing heat. 
 ca les' cent, growing warm; 
 
 heating. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 125 
 
 441. fo' cus, a hearth. 
 
 fu' el, matter for making 
 
 fires, 
 fo' cus, a point of meeting, 
 as of rays of light, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 b. Derive: point, ray, plural. 
 
 fo' ci, plural of focus. 
 fo' cal, pertaining to a focus, 
 fo' cal ize, to bring to a focus; 
 to concentrate (451). 
 
 442. fin' ge re, to form; to figure. 
 
 fig' ment, a fiction; an imag- trans fig' ure,to change form; 
 
 inary form. 
 fig' ur a tive, unreal, but sim- 
 ilar; relating to figures of 
 speech. 
 con fig' ur a' tion, form; 
 
 shape; figure. 
 pre fig' ure, to foreshadow; 
 to figure to one's seK be- 
 forehand. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: figure, disfigure, fiction, fictitious, feigned. 
 
 c. Derive: image, similar, transform, pretense. 
 
 443. spe' ci es, a particular sort, kind, or quality. 
 
 to transform. Matt, xvii : 
 2. 
 
 feign, to pretend; to sham; 
 to counterfeit. 
 
 fgint, a pretense; a feigned 
 attack. 
 
 ef ' fi gy, an image, likeness, 
 or representation, of a per- 
 son. 
 
 es pe' cial, peculiar; distinct; 
 distinguished. 
 
 spe' cial, particular; uncom- 
 mon; especial. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: especially, species, specified, specify, specification. 
 
 c. Derive: distinct, distinguish, particular, definite, expUcit. 
 
 spe' cial ty, particular pur- 
 suit or adaptation. 
 
 spe cif ' ic, especially pointed 
 out; definite; explicit. 
 
 444. nos' ce re, to know 
 re cog' ni zance, a legal writ- cog' ni zance, 
 
 ing, binding one to appear 
 in court, etc. 
 rec' on noi" ter, to examine; 
 to look, as soldiers ventur- 
 ing near the enemy. 
 
 recognition; 
 act of taking notice, 
 con' nois seur (kon' i sur), 
 one who excels in knowl- 
 edge of any subject, as an 
 art, etc. 
 
126 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 re con' nais sance, a military 
 examination of the enemy's 
 position. 
 
 in cog' ni to, under an as- 
 sumed name. 
 
 cog ni' tion, act of knowing; 
 knowledge; perception. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: ignore, ignorance, recognize, recognition. 
 
 c. Use: notion, notify, notorious, notoriety. 
 
 d. Derive: venture, enemy (60), position, perception. 
 
 445. mens (mentis), the mind. 
 
 men' tal, relating to the mind, 
 men tal' i ty, power of mind, 
 men' tor, one who reminds 
 
 or advises. 
 de men' tia, mental disease ; 
 
 lunacy. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 me men' to, something for 
 remembrance; a souvenir 
 (370). 
 
 com' men ta ry, an extended 
 comment. 
 
 6. Use: comment, mention, demented. 
 
 446. me' mor, mindful; remembering, 
 
 me mo' ri al, a written re- 
 quest; a monument; any- 
 thing to preserve one in 
 memory, 
 mem' o ra ble, to be remem- 
 bered long; remarkable. 
 com mem' o rate, to cele- 
 brate; to preserve in mem- 
 ory. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: remember, remembrance, memory, memorandmn. 
 
 c. Derive: incident, description. 
 
 447. do le' re, to grieve. 
 
 rem' i nis" cence, incident or 
 matter recalled to mem- 
 ory. 
 
 mem' oir (mem wor), a short 
 sketch of the life of some 
 one; a description. 
 
 im' me mo" ri al, too far in 
 the past to be remembered. 
 
 dole' ful, sorrowful; full of 
 
 sadness. 
 d6r or ous, relating to grief; 
 
 lamentable. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 con dole', to lament with or 
 for another; to soothe one 
 in sorrow. [ness. 
 
 in' do lence, idleness; lazi- 
 
 6. Use: indolent, indolently, condolence. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 127 
 
 448. quae' re re (quaesum), to seek. 
 
 quest, a search; an extended 
 
 search. 
 in' quest, an inquiry; a legal 
 
 inquiry into the cause of a 
 
 sudden death. 
 in' qui §i" tion, a judicial 
 
 search or inquiry. Deut. 
 
 xix : 18. 
 dis' qui si" tion, an argument; 
 
 a discussion; an essay. 
 
 req' ui gfte {rek' wi zit), nec- 
 essary; that which is re- 
 quired. 
 
 pre req' ui site, something 
 previously necessary. 
 
 ex' qui gite, fine; excellent; 
 accurate; nice. 
 
 per' qui gilte, pay; income; 
 something over and above 
 one's regular pay. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: question, request, conquer, inquire, inquisitive. 
 
 c. Use: acquire, require, conquest, query, inquiry. 
 
 d. Derive: accurate, regular. 
 
 449. sig' num, a sign. 
 
 sig' net, a seal; a king's seal. 
 
 sig nif i cant, having mean- 
 ing; important. 
 
 as sign', to transfer to an- 
 other; to appoint. 
 
 as' sign ee", one to whom 
 property is assigned. 
 
 as sign' ment, transfer of 
 property in writing; act 
 of assigning. 
 
 des' ig na" tion, name; title; 
 description. 
 
 in sig' ni a, marks of author- 
 ity, as badges; emblems, 
 etc. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: sign, signal, signify, signification. 
 
 c. Use: consignment, design, designate. 
 
 d. Use: seal, ensign, resign, signature, countersign. 
 
 e. Derive: important, transfer, appoint, authority. 
 
 450. no' vus, new. 
 
 in' no va" tion, something 
 new brought forward; a 
 change, as of requirement, 
 custom, etc. 
 
 ren' o vate, to renew; to 
 make new; to make over. 
 
 nov' ife, a new convert; a 
 new or unskilled appren- 
 tice; one who is unskilled. 
 no vi' ti ate, apprenticeship; 
 term (477) of service as a 
 novice. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: novel, novelty, renew, innovate, novelist 
 
 c. Derive: convert, service, requirement, custom, 
 
128 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 451. ken' tron {mvtpov), a center, cen'trum, a center, 
 
 cen trip' e tal (228), pertain- cen trif' u gal (See 390). 
 
 ing to a force that draws an ge' o cen" trie, pertaining to 
 
 object toward a center. the center of the earth. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: center, central, centralize, eccentric, concentrate. 
 
 c. Derive: force, object. 
 
 452. ar' bi ter, a witness; a judge. 
 
 ar' bi ter, a judge; one who ar bit' ra ment, a decision; 
 
 decides a dispute. act of arbitrating. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrary. 
 
 453. ju' dex, a judge. 
 
 ad jvs' di cate, to adjudge; to ju' di ca ture, act of judging; 
 
 settle; to determine. power of the courts. 
 
 jtt AV ci a ry, the judges and prej' u dice, prejudgment; 
 the courts. unfounded opinion; pre- 
 
 possession. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: judge, judgment, prejudge, judicious, judicial. 
 
 454. an' i ma, breath; life; soul. 
 
 an' i mal" cule, a very minute e' qua nim" i ty (343), com- 
 
 animal. {-cule, S.) posure; evenness of mind. 
 
 an' i mate, alive; to endow mag' na nim" i ty (362), 
 
 with life; to rouse. greatness of soul; right- 
 
 an' i mus, temper; will; bad mindedness. 
 
 intention. pu' sil Ian" i mous, cowardly. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: animal, animated, animosity, unanimous, inanimate. 
 
 c. Use: animation, reanimate, unanimity, magnanimous. 
 
 d. Derive: minute, endow, intention, composure. 
 
 455. flu' e re, to flow. 
 
 ref l\i ent, flowing back. ef flu ence, that which flows 
 af' flfl ent, flowing in, as the out. 
 
 branch of a river; rich. ef flu' vi um, emanation, as 
 flvj' vi al, pertaining to rivers. of odor; bad odor. 
 
PART TWO 129 
 
 con' flvi ent, flowing together; in' flux', the inflow. 
 
 uniting. re' flxix', the backward flow, 
 
 ef flvi ent, flowing out. ef flux', the outward flow. 
 
 a. lUustrate. 
 
 h. Use: influence, influential, fluent, fluency. 
 
 c. Use: afiluenoe, fluctuate, confluence, superfluous. 
 
 456. pri' mus, first. 
 
 prim' i tive, old fashioned; pri' mate, the chief of a na- 
 unimprovcd; first in time. tional church; an arch- 
 
 pri me' val, belonging to the bishop. 
 
 first ages. pri mor' di al, first in order; 
 
 pre' mi er, a chief oflScer; a earliest in origin (213). 
 
 prime minister, as in Great pri' mo gen"i ture (458), state 
 Britain. of being the first-born, 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: prime, primer, primary, primrose. 
 
 c. Use: prince (356), principle (356), principal (356). 
 
 d. Derive: improve, oflicer, origin. 
 
 457. hep' ta {hn-d), seven, sep' ti mus, seven. 
 
 hep' ta gon, a figure with heb dom' a dal, weekly; oo- 
 seven sides. curring every seven days. 
 
 hep' ta chord, a musical in- sep ten' ni al (106), occurring 
 
 strument of seven strings. every seven years. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: heptagonal, septennial (106), September, septenary. 
 
 458. gig' ne re, to produce. 
 
 ge' nus, a family, as of plants in dig' e nous, native; first 
 
 or animals; a race. produced in the land. 
 
 ge' ni al, of agreeable man- pro gen' i tor, a forefather; an 
 ners; cheerful. ancestor. 
 
 ge nSr' ic, relating to a genus, prog' e ny, offspring. 
 
 or race. in gen' vi ous, open minded; 
 
 con' ge ner, an animal or honorable. 
 
 plant of the same genus as re gen' er ate, to cause to be 
 
 another. born again, as in the spirit. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 h. Use: general, gender, genuine, genius, congenial, generous. 
 
 c. Derive: aiiim.ol, plant, native, produce. 
 
130 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 459. phu' ein {ii>\ieiv), to grow; to produce. 
 
 phj^g' ics, science of matter met' a phf §!" cian, one who 
 
 and motion. is versed in metaphysics. 
 
 phyg' i cist, a specialist in V^^%' i og" iio ™y» practice of 
 
 physics. reading character from the 
 
 met' a phyg" ics (G. meta, features of the face. 
 
 beyond), the study of things phj^g' i og" ra phy, physical 
 
 beyond the physical. geography. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: physician, physic, physical, physiology. 
 
 460. tu e' ri, to watch over; to defend. 
 
 tu' te la ry, pertaining to a in tu i' tion, power to know 
 
 guardian, or protector. without being taught; in- 
 
 in tu' i tive, without being sight; immediate (529) 
 
 taught; seen at once. knowledge. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: tutor, tutorial, tuition, tutelage, intuitively. 
 
 c. Derive: relating, protector, pertaining. 
 
 461. a' le re, to nourish. 
 
 al' i ment, food; nourish- al' i mo ny, legal allowance 
 
 ment. of money to a divorced 
 
 CO' a lesce", to grow together; wife. 
 
 to combine. co' a H" tion, union into one 
 
 ad' o les" cence, period, or mass; an alliance, as of 
 
 state of growth; youth. nations. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: alimentary, adult, adolescent, 
 c. Derive: legal, allowance, money, state, aUiance, nations. 
 
 462. dex' ter, right handed, sin' is ter, left handed. 
 
 dex' ter, on the right hand sin' is ter, not right; suspi- 
 
 side. cious; threatening. 
 
 am' bi dex" trous, using the sin' is trous, evil; malignant; 
 
 two hands equally well. perverse. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h.. Use: dexterous, dexterously, dexterity, 
 c. Derive: suspicious, malignant. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 131 
 
 463. nas' ci, to be born. 
 
 nas' cent, beginning to exist. 
 re nas' cent, coming again 
 into being; renewing 
 strength or life. 
 cog' nate, of the same family; 
 kindred, {cog-, for co-, P.) 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: nation, native, nature, natural, national. 
 
 c. Use: nativity, supernatural, naturalist, naturalization, inter- 
 
 national. 
 
 d. Derive: eidst, renew, relating, miraculous. 
 
 na' tal, relating to one's birth. 
 
 in' nate, inborn; natural; na- 
 tive. 
 
 pre' ter nat" u ral, strange; 
 beyond nature; miracu- 
 lous. 
 
 464. a' cer, sharp. 
 
 a cerb' i ty, sourness of tem- 
 per; peevishness. 
 ex ag' er bate, to fret; to 
 evoke temper; to exas- 
 perate. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: eager, vinegar, acrimonious. 
 
 c. Derive: evoke, temper. 
 
 bitter; irritating 
 
 ac' rid, 
 
 (504). 
 ac' ri mo ny, bitterness of 
 temper. 
 
 465. a cu' e re, to sharpen 
 
 a cute', sharp; keen-witted. 
 a cu' men, keenness; shrewd- 
 ness; penetration, 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 a cu' i ty, sharpness, 
 a' giie, a chill; a malarial 
 fever. 
 
 466. tan' ge re, to touch. 
 
 tan' gent, touching. 
 
 con ta' gion, a disease that is 
 communicated by touch- 
 ing; poison. 
 
 con tig' u ous, in actual con- 
 tact; adjoining; adjacent. 
 
 con tin' gent, possible; liable 
 to occur. 
 
 in tan' gi ble, unsubstantial; 
 not sensible to the touch. 
 
 in tact', whole; uninjured; 
 untouched. 
 
 tact, ability to deal with per- 
 sons; address. 
 
 tact' ful, having a sense of ap- 
 propriateness; full of tact. 
 
132 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 tan' gi ble, that may be felt tac' tide, pertaining to the 
 
 by touching; substantial. sense of touch. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: attain, contact, contagious, contaminate, tax. 
 c. Derive: communicate, adjoining, adjacent, occur. 
 
 467. ful ge' re, to shine; to lighten. 
 
 ful' gent, brilliant; bright; re ful' gent, splendid; throw- 
 
 dazzling, ing a bright light, 
 
 ef ful' -gent, shining; glow- ful' mi nate, to threaten; to 
 ing; emitting radiance. burst out with threats; to 
 
 explode in wrath. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: fulgency, effulgence, fulmination. 
 c. Derive: emit, radiance, splendid, explode. 
 
 468. lux (lucis), light. 
 
 lu' cent, bright; clear; ad- lu' cu bra" tion, laborious 
 
 mitting light. [parent. study. 
 
 trans lu' cent, semi-trans- Lu' ci fer {lucis, light; ferre, 
 pel lu' cid, clear; transpar- to bear), the morning star. 
 
 ent; translucent. Isaiah xiv : 12. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: lucid, elucidate, luster, illustrate, illustration, illustrious. 
 
 c. Derive: admit, transparent, clear. 
 
 469. ce' ler, swift. 
 ac eel' er a" tion, act of in- ac eel' er ate, to increase 
 creasing speed. ; speed; to cause to move 
 
 ce 16r' i ty, swiftness. more swiftly. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Derive: act, increase. 
 
 470. can de' re, to shine; to glow; to be white. 
 
 in' cense, perfume from burn- chand' ler, a dealer in can- 
 ing gums, spices, etc. dies; a grocer. 
 can' ser, a swinging vessel can' de la" brum, a lamp 
 in which incense is burned. stand; a candle-stick bav- 
 in' can des" cent, white-hot; ing several branches (pZwrai, 
 brilliant; glowing. candelabra), 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: candle, chandelier, incendiary, candid, candidate. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 133 
 
 471. lit' ter a, a letter. 
 
 lit' er al, exact ; to the letter. 
 
 il lit' er ate, unlearned; ig- 
 norant of letters. 
 
 ob lit' er ate, to efface; to 
 rub out; to destroy. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: literary, literature, illiteracy, literally. 
 
 c. Derive: exact, ignorant, efface, destroy. 
 
 al lit' er a" tion, use of same 
 letter at beginning of words, 
 as in " apt alliteration's 
 artful aid." 
 
 472. do ce' re, to teach. 
 
 doc' trine, that which is 
 taught, especially a rule 
 of faith. Matt, xv : 9. 
 
 in doc' trin ate, to instruct 
 
 in doctrines or principles. 
 
 dog' fle, teachable; easily led. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: doctor, doctrinal, docility, document. 
 
 c. Derive: rule, instruct, principle, especially. 
 
 473. ju ra' re, to swear. 
 
 ab jure', to renounce solemn- 
 ly, as by oath; to deny. 
 
 ad jure', to beg; to charge, 
 or enjoin, solemnly, 
 
 con' jiire, to use magic. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: jury, juror, perjurer, perjvu'y, conjuror, conjurer, 
 
 c. Derive: renoimce, charge, false. 
 
 con jiire', to summon; to 
 charge solemnly. 
 
 per' jure, to swear falsely. 
 
 ob' jur ga" tion, a stern re- 
 proof; a rebuke. 
 
 474. lo' qui, to speak. 
 
 col' lo quy, a conversation. 
 col lo' qui al, conversational; 
 
 not too precise in speech. 
 mag nil' o quent (362), using 
 
 high-soupding words. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: eloquent, elocution, ventriloquy, loquacious, soliloquy 
 
 (234). 
 
 c. Derive: disgrace, repute, abusive. 
 
 blan dil' o quent, using soft, 
 soothing words. [words. 
 gran dil' o quent, using grand 
 ob' lo quy, disgrace; bad re- 
 pute; abusive speech. 
 
134 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 475. phra' zein {(t>pa^ti.v), to speak. 
 
 phra§e, a short expression. phra' ge ol" o gy, manner of 
 pe riph' ra sis (pen, around), speech; expression; die- 
 use of many words; cir- tion. 
 
 cumlocution (339; 474); petr' a phrage, an equivalent 
 
 a roundabout way of expression in different 
 
 speaking. words. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Derive: expression, diction, equivalent, circumlocution. 
 
 476. li' mes, a boundary, li' men, a threshold. 
 
 pre lim' i na ry, previous; in- sub lira' i nal, subconscious; 
 
 troductory. beyond present knowledge. 
 
 e lim' i nate, to leave out ; su' pra lim" i nal, above con- 
 
 to set aside; to get rid of. sciousness. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: limit, limited, unlimited, illimitable, limitation, 
 c. Derive: previous, introductory, conscious. 
 
 477. ter' mi nus, a bound or limit. 
 
 ter' mi nal, relating to a term, de ter' mi nate, fixed; set- 
 
 or end. tied; definite. Actsii:23. 
 
 ter' mi nus, a limit; end, as in' de ter" mi nate, uncer- 
 
 of a road. tain; not fixed. 
 
 CO ter' mi nous, having the in ter' mi na ble, endless, 
 
 same boundary, as adjoin- term, a period of time; a 
 
 ing counties, or farms. word of fixed meaning. , 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: termination, determine, undetermined. 
 
 c. Use: exterminate, determination, predetermine, terminable. 
 
 d. Derive: limit, definite, uncertain, fixed. 
 
 478. fa' tu us, foolish. 
 
 fat' u ous, silly; stupid; fool- fa tu' i ty, stupidity; folly. 
 
 ish. fa tu' i tous, fatuous; given 
 
 in fat' u ate, to make foolish, to folly, 
 
 as with passion. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: infatuated, infatuation, ignis fatuus (204). 
 
PART TWO 135 
 
 479. ma' ni a, madness. 
 
 ma' nil a, insanity; madness. mon' o ma" ni a (551), insan- 
 ma' nil fie, a madman. ity in regard to one sub- 
 ma ni' a cal, relating to in- ject. 
 
 sanity, or madness. klep' to ma" ni a, insane de- 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Derive: insanity, subject. 
 
 sire to steal. 
 
 480. al'tus, high. 
 
 fil' to, a part in vocal bar- hau teur' {ho tW), haughti- 
 mony. ness; pride of manner; 
 
 fil' ti tude, height; elevation. proud contempt. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: altar, exalt, haughty, exaltation. 
 
 c. Derive: vocal, contempt, elevation. 
 
 481. la' tus, broad; the side. 
 
 lat' i tude, width; room; dis- col lat' er al, side by side; 
 
 tance from the equator. of like value; of the same 
 
 lat' i tu' di na" ri an, one who distant ancestry (384). 
 
 is of liberal opinion, as of e' qui lat" er al, having all 
 
 religion. the sides equal. 
 
 lat' er al, pertaining to the qu^d' ri lat" er al, of four 
 
 side. sides. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: distance, equator, liberal, value. 
 
 482. mo' les, a great mass; a massive work. 
 
 mole, a mound, or wall of mo' les ta" tion, act of trou- 
 masonry, serving as a bling, vexing, annoying, etc. 
 
 breakwater. e mol' u ment, profit; pay; 
 
 mol' e ciile, a minute par- salary. 
 
 tide of matter. de mol' ish, to tear to pieces; 
 
 mo lest', to trouble; to annoy. to pull down; to destroy. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: unmolested, demolition. 
 
 c. Derive: particle, trouble, annoy, salary, destroy. 
 
136 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 483. cu' mu lus, a heap. 
 
 ac cu' mu late, to get to- cu' mu la tive, increasing; 
 
 gather; to increase, as heaping up. 
 
 wealth; to heap up. cu' mu lus, a mound; a heap; 
 
 a massy cloud. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 484. li que' re, to be liquid. 
 
 liq' ui date, to settle, as a del' i quesce", to melt in the 
 
 debt; to clear up. air; to become liquid. 
 
 liq' ue fac" tion, act of melt- liq" uid am' bar, the sweet- 
 ing, or becoming liquid. gum tree. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: liquor, liquid, liquefy, liquidation. 
 
 485. fer ve' re, to boil; to glow. 
 
 fer' vent, ardent; eager; fer' ven cy, warmth; ardor; 
 
 warm; zealous. James v: zeal. 
 
 16. [burning. ef fer vesce", to bubble; to 
 
 fer' vid, very hot; boiling; send out gas, vapor, etc. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: fervently, fervor, ferment, effervescent. 
 
 486. hy' dro- iv5<i3p), water. 
 
 hy drau' lie, pertaining to hy drog' ra phy, art of de- 
 
 water, or fluids, in motion. scribing, or surveying, 
 
 hy' dro gen, one of the con- water areas. 
 
 stituents (389) of water. hy drop' a thy, the water cure. 
 
 a. Use: hydrant, hydrangea, hydrophobia. 
 6. Derive: fluid, motion, describe, survey. 
 
 487. a' er (cojp), the air. 
 
 a' er ate, to supply air; to a' er 6 lite, a meteoric stone, 
 
 fill with gas. a er 6 stat' ics, science (492) 
 
 a e' ri al, relating to the air; of traveling through the 
 
 high. air. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: airy, aeronaut, aeroplane, 
 c. Derive: supply. 
 
PART TWO 137 
 
 488. a' gein (ayeiv), to lead. 
 
 dem' a g6gue, an artful leader sj^n' a gdgue, a Jewish house 
 
 of the people. of worship, {syn-, P.) 
 
 ped' a gdgue, a school teacher. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 489. ho' dos (o5os), a way. 
 
 ep' i sode, an incident (112); sjhi' 6d, a council, as of the 
 
 an occurrence. Presbyterian Church. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: period, method, exodus. 
 
 490. se' qui (secutum), to follow. 
 
 pur su' ant, according; fol- ob' se quie§, funeral rites. 
 
 lowing; in consequence. ob se' qui ous, meanly sub- 
 
 ex ec' u tor, a person ap- missive; servile, 
 
 pointed to see that a testa- se ques' ter, to seize and hold 
 
 tor's will is carried into for a time; to set apart, 
 
 effect. se ques' trate, to sequester; 
 
 ex ec' u trix, feminine of ex- legally to separate prop- 
 
 ecutor. erty from the owner for a 
 
 time, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 I b. Use: pursue, second, execute, executive. 
 
 c. Use: sue, persecute, prosecute, sequence, sequel. 
 
 d. Use: sequent, subsequent, consequent, pursuit. 
 
 e. Use: sect, sectarian, consecutive, ensuing. 
 
 /. Derive: submissive, servile, separate, carried, effect. 
 
 491. re' ri, to reckon, ra' tus, reckoned, 
 rat' i fi ca" tion, sanction ra' tion (ra' short, or r&' shon), 
 
 (381) ; act of ratifying. daily allowance of food, as 
 
 ra' ti o (ra shi o), a quotient; for a soldier. 
 
 numerical relation; rate. ra' ti 05" i na' tion(rfisA i ds), 
 
 act of reasoning. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Derive: allowance, soldier. 
 
 492. sci' re, to know. 
 
 sci' ence, knowledge; a sys- nes' ci ence (risk' I ens), no 
 
 tern of knowledge. . knowledge; ignorance. 
 
138 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 sub con' scious, underlying 
 one's knowledge, and ca- 
 pable of rising again into 
 consciousness. 
 
 sci' o list, one whose knowl- 
 edge is shallow. 
 
 con' scious ness, mind; pow- 
 er to think or feel. 
 
 con' sci en" tious, acting ac- 
 cording to conscience; just; 
 upright. 
 
 pre'. sci ence, foreknowledge. 
 
 nice, dainty; delicate; having 
 respect to trivial matters 
 [originally, not knowing; 
 foolish]. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: scientific, scientist, conscious, conscience, omniscience 
 
 (omnis, all). 
 
 c. Derive: capable, according, just, delicate, dainty, respect. 
 
 493. a' li e nus, foreign; strange, a' li us, another. 
 
 al' i hi, a plea that the ac- 
 
 al' ien, foreign; a foreigner. 
 
 Ps. Ixix : 8. 
 a' li as, otherwise; another 
 
 name by which one is 
 
 known. 
 
 cused was in another place 
 when the crime was com- 
 mitted. 
 al' i qudt, an exact measure, 
 as in dividing. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: else, alienate, inalienable, alienist, alienation. 
 
 c. Derive: plea, accused, crime, commit. 
 
 494. vul' gus, the common people; the multitude 
 
 vul' gar, in common or low 
 
 use. 
 vul ga' ri an, a common or 
 low person. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Derive: common, use, version. 
 
 vul' gate, a Latin version of 
 
 the Bible. 
 di vulge', to make known. 
 
 495. pel' is (ttoXis), a city 
 
 pol' i ty, policy, as of gov- 
 ernment; course to pursue. 
 
 a crop' o lis, a citadel; a 
 place of refuge. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use; politics, police, metropolis, policy. 
 
 c. Derive: course, pursue, refuge. 
 
 ne crop' o lis, a cemetery; 
 
 city of the dead. 
 co§ mop' o lite, a citizen of 
 
 the world; one at home in 
 
 every country. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 139 
 
 496. graph' ein (vpa^eic), to write. 
 
 cal lig' ra phy, skill in hand- 
 writing; penmanship. 
 
 his to' ri og" ra pher, one 
 appointed to write or 
 compile a history. 
 
 lex' i cog" ra pher, a com- 
 piler of a lexicon or diction- 
 ary. 
 
 to pog' ra phy, description of 
 a place, or small area. 
 
 chi rog' ra phy, the art of 
 handwriting. 
 
 p&r' a gr&ph, a section of a 
 discourse; a sentence, or 
 series of sentences united. 
 (para-, P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: geography, orthography, biography, stenography, pho- 
 tography. 
 
 c. Use: telegraph, phonograph, mimeograph. 
 
 d. Use: graphic, autograph, typography. 
 
 497. gram' ma (ypanua), a letter. 
 
 mon' o grim, a combination 
 of letters into one figure, 
 as the interwoven initials 
 of a person's name. 
 
 mar co' ni gr&m, a message 
 by wii-eless telegraphy. 
 
 an' a grim, one word chang- 
 ed into another by trans- 
 position of letters; as shoe 
 into hose. 
 
 ep i grim, a short sentence 
 filled with wit or wisdom. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: grammar, grammatical, programme, diagram, tele- 
 
 gram, cablegram, radiogram. 
 
 c. Derive: sentence, initials, message, figure, combine (102). 
 
 498. an' te-, before, 
 an te' ri or (361), before in an' tic, a caper (233). 
 
 time; prior. an' ti qua" ri an, a student of 
 
 an tique', very old; ancient; antiquities. 
 
 of a bygone vogue or an" ti quat' ed, out of date; 
 
 style. quite old-fashioned, 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 h. Use: ancient, antiquity, antecedent. 
 
 499. post-, after. 
 p6s te' ri or, after in time; pre pos' ter ous (pre-, before; 
 
 later. post-, after), absurd; un- 
 
 post-mor' tem, after death. reasonable. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: postscript, posterity, postmeridian (210; 529). 
 
140 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 500. an' ti- {avrC), against; opposite. 
 
 an' ti dote, a remedy, espe- an tip' a thy (See 555). 
 
 cially against poison. an tith' e sis (See 553). 
 
 an' ti Sep" tic {sepsis, putre- an' to nj^m (See 534). 
 
 faction), a drug or sub- an tip' o de§ (G. pous, foot), 
 
 stance used for prevent- the people or countries on 
 
 ing or arresting putrefac- the exact opposite side of 
 
 tion. the globe. 
 
 a. Use: antidote, antiseptic, antipodes. 
 
 b. Derive: remedy, substance, prevent, opposite. 
 
 501. si' nus, a bend. 
 
 si' nus, a fold, or curve, as sin' u ate, curved; wavy, as 
 
 in a leaf at the stem; an on the margin of leaves. 
 
 opening. in sin' u ate, to creep in; to 
 
 sin' u ous, bending in and advance crookedly; to act 
 
 out; winding. artfully. 
 
 sin' u 6s" i ty, a bend; a in sin' u a" tion, artful sug- 
 
 wave line. gestion; crookedness. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: advance, artful, suggestion. 
 
 502. or' bis, a circle, or' bi ta, a track. 
 
 orb, any round body, as the or' bit al, relating to an or- 
 
 sun. bit. 
 
 or bio' li lar, round like an ex or' bi tant, excessive; be- 
 
 orb. [round the sun. yond the rule of moder- 
 
 or' bit, course, as of a planet ation. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Show how exorbitant with its meaning is related to orbit. 
 
 c. Derive: excessive, rule, moderation. 
 
 503. mi na' ri, to hang over; to threaten. 
 
 im' mi nent, overhanging; min' a to ry, threatening; 
 
 threatening; perilous. menacing, as words, 
 
 em' i nent, very high placed; a me' na ble, answerable; ac- 
 
 farnous. Ezek. xvii : 22. countable; responsible. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: menace, prominent, eminence, preeminent, demeanor. 
 
PART TWO 141 
 
 504. ir ri ta' re, to irritate. 
 
 Jr' ri tant, that which irri- li' ri tate, to fret; to make 
 
 tates, or frets. angry. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: irritable, irritation, counter-irritant. 
 
 505. i' ra, anger; wrath. 
 
 i ras' ci ble, easily angered. <//' es V rae (210), a day of 
 
 wrath, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: ire, ireful, irate. 
 
 506. cin' ge re, to bind; to gird. 
 
 Silec' ture, a band; a sash; sue fleet' ness, brevity; con- 
 
 a girdle. ciseness. 
 
 pre' fiset, a limit; a district. sur' fig gle, a girth, or belt 
 
 sue sleet', short, as in speech; over a saddle. 
 
 brief; concise (322). shle' gle§, a skin disease. 
 
 a. Illustrate. . 
 
 6. Derive: Umit, district, brief. 
 
 507. gla' di us, a sword. 
 
 glaive, a broadsword; a bat- gla di' o lus, a flower. 
 
 tle-ax. glad' 1 ate, sword-shaped, as 
 
 glSd' 1 a tor, one who fought a flower. 
 
 with a sword for a prize. glad' 1 a to" ri al, relating to 
 
 gladiators' prize fights, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 6. Show how gladiolus is related to sword. 
 
 c. Derive: flower, relate. 
 
 508. pug na' re, to fight, pug' nus, the fist. 
 
 im plign', to attack, as one's ex pugn', to attack; to con- 
 
 character; to' contradict. quer; to take, as a fort. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: pugnacious, pugnacity, repugnant, repugnance. 
 
 c. Derive: contradict, conquer, fort. 
 
142 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 509. bel' lum, war. 
 
 bel lig' er ent (297), hostile; an' te bel' lum (361), before 
 
 engaged in war ; pertaining the war. 
 
 to war. ca' sus bel' R (112), a case 
 
 bel lig' er en cy, state of be- or act that may cause or 
 
 ing at war. justify war. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: rebel, rebellion, rebellious. 
 
 c. Derive: state, case, act, justify. 
 
 510. san' guis, blood. 
 
 sag' guine, very cheerful; con' san guln" i ty, blood re- 
 having high hope; red, lationship. 
 like blood. sang" frold' {san' frwd') cold 
 
 sail' gui na ry, murderous; blood; composure; free- 
 cruel; bloody. dom from excitement. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Derive: composure, excitement.' 
 
 511. qui e' tus, quiet, qui' es, rest. 
 
 ac' qui esce", to yield con- re' qui em, a hymn implor- 
 
 sent; to agree; to comply. ing repose for the departed 
 
 qui es' cent, at rest; silent; soul. 
 
 not excited. coy, shy; reserved; modest. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: quiet, quit, acquit, requite, requital. 
 
 c. Derive: consent, agree, comply, reserved, modest. 
 
 512. grex, a herd. 
 
 gre ga' ri ous, having the dis- ag' gre gate, to bring to- 
 
 position to flock together. gether; to heap up. 
 
 e gre' gious, remarkable, as seg' re gate, to put by itself; 
 
 an error; one by itself. to keep apart. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: congregation, congregate, aggregation. 
 
 c. Derive: disposition, error. 
 
PART TWO 143 
 
 513. lin' que re, to leave. 
 
 de lio' quent, faulty; undu- rel' ict, one who has been left; 
 
 tiful; one who leaves duty a widow or widower. 
 
 undone. [derelict ship. rel' i qua ry, a box or case in 
 
 d6r' e llct, abandoned;^ as a which relics are kept, 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: relic, relinquish, rehnquishment. 
 
 c. Derive: faulty, duty. 
 
 514. cu ba' re, to lie down, cum' be re, to press upon. 
 
 in cum' bent, bearing upon, su'per in cum" bent, lying on 
 
 as duty; obligation. something else. 
 
 pro cum' bent, prostrate; ly- in' cu bus, a nightmare; a 
 
 ing down; prone. great burden. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: recumbent, succumb, incumbency. 
 
 515. o' de (uSy)), a song. 
 
 pjr' o dj^, a writing which thren' o dj^ (Gr. threnos, a 
 
 mimics another writing. dirge), a song of lamenta- 
 
 pros' o d^, science of compos- tion; a dirge. 
 
 ing verse. mon' o df (jiwnos, 551), a 
 
 ps^ba' o dy (sdm o dy), the mournful song by one per- 
 
 psalms; psalm-singiug. son; a funeral oration. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: ode, melody, melodious, comedy, tragedy. 
 
 c. Derive: science, verse, oration. 
 
 516. to' nus, sound; tone, to' nos (tovos), tone. 
 
 bSr' i tone, a part in vocal in tone', to chant; to recite 
 
 music. in effective tones. 
 
 in' to na" tion, manner of mon' o tone (551), an un- 
 sound, as in speech. varying sound. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: tune, attune, tone, semitone, tonic, monotonous. 
 
 0. Derive: vocal, chant, recite, effective, vary. 
 
 517. a' ge re, to act; to do; to drive (269). 
 
 CO' gent, forcible, as an ai-gu- &g' fle, nimble; quick, as in 
 
 ment. bodily movements. 
 
144 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 CO' gen cj^, force, as in argu- co ag' u late, tocongeal (146); 
 
 ment; strength; power. to curdle. [en. 
 
 ex' i gen cf, want; pressing mit' i gate, to soften; to less- 
 need. [Daniel vii : 28. mit' i ga ble, that may be 
 
 cog' i tate, to think deeply. softened. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: agent, agency, agitate, agility, prodigality. 
 
 518. a' gon (ayw), a contest. 
 
 ag' o nj^, great pain; anguish; an tag' o nist (500), an op- 
 
 a struggle, as with death. ponent; an adversary. 
 
 ag' o nize, to feel agony; to pro tag' o nist, a leader, or 
 
 be in great pain. chief actor, 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: antagonize, antagonism. 
 
 c. Derive: anguish, opponent, adversary, chief, actor. 
 
 519. sa li' re (saltum), to leap. 
 
 sal' ta to ry, leaping; danc- 
 ing. 
 
 d6s' ul to ry, rambling; pass- 
 ing suddenly to a different 
 subject or action. 
 
 re sfl' i ent, bounding or 
 springing back. 
 
 as sail' ant, one who attacks. 
 ex ult', to rejoice; to express 
 
 triumph, 
 sa' li ent, projecting, as an 
 angle; pushing forward; 
 leaping. 
 sal ta' tion, a leap; a jump. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: assail, insult, result, assault, somersault. 
 c. Derive: rejoice, express, project, pass, different, subject. 
 
 520. vol' ve re, to roll. 
 
 in v61ve', to roll up; to en- 
 velop; to entangle; to 
 embarrass. 
 in' vo lu" tion, act of involv- 
 ing; an infolding; com- 
 plication, 
 ev' o lu" tion, an unfolding; 
 growth; development. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: revolve, revolt, revolution, voluble, volume. 
 c. Derive: embarrass, expand, complication, twine. 
 
 e vdlve', to unroll; to open; 
 
 to grow; to expand; to 
 
 develop. [roll; a ridge. 
 
 con' vo lu" tion, a fold; a 
 con v6r vu lus, a twining 
 
 plant; bindweed. 
 de vdlve', to roll down upon; 
 
 to become one's duty. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 145 
 
 521. ta ce' re, to be silent. 
 
 tSf ' it, unspoken, but implied; 
 
 reserved; silent. 
 tSg' i tflm, speaking little; 
 
 not talkative. 
 tfif ' i tfir" ni ty, reserve in 
 
 speech; silence. 
 Illustrate. 
 
 ret' i cent, unwilling to give 
 information; close-mouth- 
 ed. 
 
 ret' i cence, refusal to di- 
 vulge; concealment by si- 
 lence. 
 
 6. Derive: implied, information, divulge, refuse. 
 
 522. pho' ne (<JMvri), a sound 
 
 ph6n' ic, relating to sound; 
 of the nature (462) of 
 sound. 
 pho net' ic, relating to the 
 sound of the voice. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: phonograph (496), phonographic, telephone, telephonic, 
 
 euphonious. 
 c. Derive: relating, nature, voice, agreeable. 
 
 523. calx (calcis), chalk. 
 
 eii' pho ny, agreeable sounds, 
 as of speech. (See eulogy, 
 543.) 
 
 sym' pho ny, harmony of 
 sound, {sym-, P.) 
 
 cal ca' re ous, chalky. 
 
 cal' cine, to burn into pow- 
 der. 
 
 cal' ci mine, a kind of white- 
 wash. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 cal' ci um, a soft whitish or 
 yellowish metal. 
 
 cal' cu lus, a calcareous de- 
 posit; a method of calcu- 
 lation. 
 
 6. Use: calculate, calculable, calculation, incalculable. 
 524. met' ron {jiirpov), a measure. 
 
 met' ric, relating to measure- 
 ment. 
 
 hex am' e ter, a verse of six 
 measures. 
 
 met' ri cal, relating to the 
 arrangement of syllables, 
 or words, in verse. 
 
 sfsn' me try, right propor- 
 tions, as in form. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: diameter, geometry, thermometer, perimeter. 
 
 c. Use: barometer, trigonometry, meter, symmetrical, 
 
 d. Derive; verse, arrangement, proportion, form. 
 
146 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 525. mi' mos (jdfios), an actor. 
 
 mime, a mimic; a buffoon; pan' to mime, a dumb-show, 
 
 a kind of drama in which as by casting upon a 
 
 persons, etc., are ridiculed. screen moving shadows of 
 
 the actors. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: mimic, mimicked, mimicry. 
 
 526. ro ga' re, to ask; to beg. 
 
 pre rog' a tive, a right, priv- ar'rogant, claiming too much, 
 
 ilege, or power, conferred as honor; haughty. Prov. 
 
 by custom or law. viii : 13. 
 
 su' per 6r' o ga" tion, act of d6r' o gate, to detract; to 
 
 paying or doing more than lessen; to take away, as 
 
 asked or required. honor. 
 
 &r' ro gate, to claim without ro ga' tion, a form of sup- 
 right; to usurp. plication. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: interrogate, derogatory, abrogate, interrogation. 
 
 c. Derive: privilege, confer, custom, require, claim, haughty, detract. 
 
 527. ca' pe re, totake (41; 356). 
 
 in' ca pSf" i tate, to disable; in cep' tion, a beginning. 
 
 to destroy capacity, [ceives. in cip' i ent, freshly begun; 
 
 re cip' i ent, one who re- not mature. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: reception, perception, exception, receipt, recipe. 
 
 c. Use: occupy, occupation, capable, capacity. 
 
 d. Use: precept, preceptor, receptacle, capacious. 
 
 e. Derive: disable, destroy, receive, mature. 
 
 528. nul' lus, none, ni' hil, nothing. 
 
 null, of no force; having no an nul', to do away with; to 
 
 effect, as, " The old law is destroy the force of. 
 
 null." [entity. ni' hil ist, one who believes 
 
 nul' li ty, a nothing; a non- in destroying all govern- 
 
 nil, nothing. ments. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: nuUify, annulment, annihilated, nullification. 
 C Derive: force, effect, nonentity. 
 
PART TWO 147 
 
 529. me' di us, the middle. 
 
 me' di ate, to come between me" di 6' ere, average; of 
 parties in order to cause a average ability, 
 settlement. me' di 6c" ri ty, medium ca- 
 me' di e" val, relating to the pacity or degree. 
 Middle Ages. moi' e ty, half. 
 
 a. Use: immediate, intermediate, medium, mean. 
 6. Derive: party, order, cause, ability. 
 
 530. ul' tra, beyond, ul' ti mus, farthest; last. 
 
 ul' tra, extreme; excessive. til' ti mate, farthest; final. 
 
 ul te' ri or, farther; more dis- ul' ti ma" turn, a final propo- 
 
 tant. sition, concession, or con- 
 
 dition. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: outrage, outrageous, 
 c. Derive: distant, final, proposition. 
 
 531. phai' nein {(l>aiveiv), to show. 
 
 fan' ta sy, act of the imagi- di &ph' a nous, allowing light 
 
 nation, or fancy; an image. to pass through; trans- 
 
 pha§e, an appearance; an lucent; transparent, {dia-, 
 
 aspect, as a phase of the P.) [flatterer. 
 
 moon; a temporary con- sj^c' o phant, an obsequious 
 
 dition. e piph' a ny, an appearance 
 
 phe nom' e non, any appear- or manifestation; espe- 
 
 ance or event (370); a cially the appearance of 
 
 remarkable occurrence the star to the wise men of 
 
 (259). the East. Alatt. ii : 1-9. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: fancy, fanciful, fantastic, phantom. 
 
 c. Derive: image, appearance, transparent, translucent, obse- 
 
 quious. 
 
 532. li ce' re, to be permitted. 
 
 U' cense, permission; v. to li cen' tious, using license 
 
 grant authority. wrongfully; dissolute (354). 
 
148 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 li cen' ti ate, one who is li- lei' sure, time that may be 
 
 censed to preach or prac- used at pleasure, 
 
 tice any art or profession. il Uf ' it, not permissible; un- 
 
 lawful. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Derive: pleasure, permission, authority. 
 
 533. ne ga' re, to deny. 
 
 ne ga' tion, act of denying; ab' ne ga' tion, sacrifice; sur- 
 
 denial. render of interest; the 
 
 ren' e gade, a deserter to the quality which impels to 
 
 enemy. renunciation. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 h. Use: negative, deny, denial, undeniable, abnegate. 
 
 c. Derive: renounce, sacrifice, surrender, interest, impel. 
 
 534. on' o ma {ovotux), a name. 
 
 ^seii' do njhn (G. pseudes, an' to n^m (500), a word of 
 
 false), a false name. opposite meaning; as true 
 
 hom' o n^ms (G. homos, is the antonym of false. 
 
 same), words of similar me ton' y m^ (G. meta, 
 
 pronunciation, as meat and change), a figure used in 
 
 meet. rhetoric. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: anonymous (aw-. P.), synonym (syn^, P.), patronymic 
 
 (406). 
 c. Derive: figure, false, similar, pronounce, opposite. 
 
 535. au' tos (aOros), one's self. 
 
 au toe' ra c^ (545), a govern- au ton' o mj^, self-govern- 
 ment in which one person ment; independence, 
 has all power. au' top s;^ (549), seeing with 
 
 au tom' a ton, a self moving one's own eyes, 
 machine. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: autocratic, autograph, autobiography, automatic, auto- 
 mobile, 
 c. Derive: moving, independence. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 149 
 
 536. co' que re, to cook, 
 
 con coct', to prepare, as food 
 
 from raw products; to 
 
 make up; to hatch, as a 
 
 plot. 
 de coct', to extract the 
 
 strength, by boiling. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use; coolcing, decoction, concoction. 
 
 c. Derive: prepare, product, extract, maturity, mental. 
 
 pre CO' cious, ripening before 
 maturity; developing eas- 
 ily- 
 
 pre cof ' i ty, mental forward- 
 ness; too early develop- 
 ment. 
 
 537. o' vum, an egg 
 
 6' val, in shape like an egg. 
 o' vate, relating to an egg- 
 shaped surface. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: surface, solid, producing, relating. 
 
 6' void, relating to an egg- 
 shaped solid. 
 o vip' a rous, producing eggs. 
 
 538. no' xa, harm 
 
 no' cent, hurtful; injurious; 
 opposite of innocent. 
 
 nox' ious (n6k' shiis), harm- 
 ful; destructive; unwhole- 
 some. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use : nuisance, innocence, innocent. 
 
 c. Derive: destructive, unwholesome, odious, offensive, objec- 
 
 tionable. 
 
 no' ce re, to hurt. 
 
 in noc' u ous, harmless; caus- 
 ing no bad effect; rendered 
 harmless. 
 
 ob nox' ious, offensive; ob- 
 jectionable; odious. 
 
 539. ne ca' re, to kill, nek' ros (vexpos), a dead body. 
 
 per ni' ciouS, injurious; ruin- 
 ous; destructive. // Peter 
 ii :2. 
 
 in' ter ne" cine, deadly; de- 
 structive of life; relating 
 to mutual slaughter. 
 
 nee rol' o gy (543), a death 
 roll; an obituary notice. 
 
 nee" ro man' cy, magic; fore- 
 telling by receiving com- 
 munication from the dead. 
 
 nee ro' sis (548), disease, or 
 death, of a bone. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Derive: injurious, obituary (281), notice, communication. 
 
150 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 540. kri' nein {KpLveLv), to discern; to judge. 
 
 hy' per crit" ic al (G. hyper, cri tique', a criticism; a re- 
 
 over), severely critical; too view, 
 
 precise in judgment; cap- cri te' ri on, a standard or 
 
 tious. rule for judging; a test. 
 
 a. Use: crisis, critic, criticize, critical, hypocrite, hypocrisy. 
 
 6. Derive: severely, judgiug, precise (322), review, test. 
 
 541. skop' OS ((T/coxos), a mark, or aim; a watcher. 
 
 scope, range; extent; out- steth' o scope (G. stethos, 
 
 look; opportunity. ' breast), an instrument to 
 
 mi cros' co pist (G. mikros, assist in hearing sounds in 
 
 small), one who uses the the body, 
 
 microscope. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: telescope, microscope, stereoscope, periscope. 
 
 c. Use: episcopal, bishop, episcopacy, kaleidoscope. 
 
 d. Derive: instrument, assist, extent. 
 
 542. log' OS {\6yos), speech. 
 
 pro' Ifigue, a preface. sfV lo gigm, a form of reason- 
 
 ing, (syl-, P.) 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: dialogue, dialect, catalogue, decalogue (347). 
 c. Use: logic, logical, illogical, logician. 
 
 543. -logy, from X070S, speech. 
 
 eu' lo g} (G. eu, well), a mJn' er al" o gy, science of 
 
 speech of praise; a lauda- minerals. 
 
 tory oration. g6n' e al" o gy (G. genea, 
 
 a nai' o gy, similarity; simi- birth), family succession; 
 
 larity of relations, {ana-, descent from ancestors. 
 
 P.) en' to mol" o gy (G. en- 
 
 tau tol' o gy (G. tauto, the tomon, insect), study of 
 
 same), needless repetition insect life. 
 
 of words, or ideas. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: apology, doxology, biology, zoology, geology. 
 
 c. Use: etymology, theology (560), chronology (558), psychology. 
 
 d. Derive; praise, laudatory, repetition, ancestors, insect. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 151 
 
 544. ar' che (apxri), rule; government. 
 
 an' areh f, lack of govern- 
 ment. 
 
 men' areh f (monos, 551), a 
 government in which there 
 is but one ruler; a king- 
 dom; an empire. 
 
 ol" i gar' ehf (G. oligos,ievf), 
 a government in the hands 
 of a few persons ; an aristo- 
 cratic government. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: monarch, monarchical, anarchist. 
 
 c. Derive: empire, ruler, angeUc, records, order. 
 
 hi" er ar' eh^ (G. hieros, sa- 
 cred), the angelic orders; 
 the body of church officials 
 in orderly rank. 
 
 &r' ehive§, formal records, as 
 of a government. 
 
 pa' tri arch (406), the head of 
 a family. 
 
 ma' tri areh, a mother and 
 ruler, as of a tribe. 
 
 545. krat' os (Kparos), strength; power. 
 
 dem' cr&t (G. demos, the 
 people), one who believes 
 in the doctrine that the 
 people should rule. 
 
 de moc' ra cy, government 
 by the people. 
 
 plu toc'ra cy {ploutos, wealth), 
 government by the rich. 
 
 a ris' to crSt (G. aristos, 
 best), one of a ruling class; 
 a noble; a man of rank or 
 high social position. 
 
 au' to crfit (See 535). 
 
 the oc' ra cy (560), govern- 
 ment under the direction 
 of deity (559). 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: democratic, aristocracy, autocracy. 
 
 c. Derive: doctrine, people, direction, social, class, position. 
 
 546. vir, a man; strength. 
 
 vfr' fle, manly; strong. 
 
 vK ril' i ty, manhood; man- 
 liness; strength. 
 
 vJ ra' go, a bold, turbulent 
 woman. 
 
 vir' tiie, courage; strength; 
 good quality. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 de cem' vir (347), one of ten 
 joint rulers in ancient 
 Rome. 
 
 vir' tu al, in effect, though 
 not in name, as the prime 
 minister is virtual ruler 
 of Great Britain. 
 
 b. Derive: turbulent, courage, mmister, prime. 
 
152 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 547. phil' OS (0t\os), a lover. 
 
 phi Ian' thro py (G. anthro- 
 pos, man), generosity; the 
 love of mankind shown in 
 deeds. 
 
 Phil' a del" phi a, city of 
 brotherly love. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 phllol'ogy (543), love of 
 learning; study of liter- 
 ature. 
 
 phi los' o pher (G. sophia, 
 wisdom), a lover of wis- 
 dom; a good reasoner. 
 
 b. Use: philanthropist, philanthropic, philosophy. 
 548. OS (ossis), a bone, os' te on {osriov), a bone. 
 
 6s' si fy, to become bone; to 
 harden. 
 
 6s' prey, a large hawk ("bone- 
 breaker " bird). 
 
 6s' se ous, composed of bone. 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6s' te op" a thy (555), any 
 disease of the bones; a sys- 
 tem of treating disease, as 
 of the bones, etc. 
 
 549. oph' thai mos (b^aXfios), the eye. op' ti kos 
 
 (oTTTtKos), the eye. 
 
 op torn' e ter, an instrument oph thai' mi a, a disease of 
 
 for measuring distinct vi- the eye. 
 
 sion. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: optical, optician, optics, optometrist. 
 
 c. Derive: measuring, distinct, vision. 
 
 550. bal' lein (/SaXXeic), to place; to put; to throw. 
 
 em' blem at" ic, imaging, or 
 representing; symbolic, as 
 the flag is emblematic of 
 the nation's power, 
 liy per' bo le (G. hyper, 
 over), a figure of speech; 
 exaggeration, 
 a. Illustrate. 
 6. Use: problem, emblem, symbol. 
 
 c. Use: parlor, parole, parley, parliament. 
 
 d. Derive: exaggeration (297), diction, conversation, confer. 
 
 par a ble, a short moral story 
 
 or narrative. Matt, xiii : 
 
 3-58. 
 pa la' ver, to talk; to parley; 
 
 to confer. 
 par' lance, manner of speech; 
 
 diction; conversation. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 153 
 
 551. mo' no-, a prefix meaning one; single. 
 (jjiovos), alone; only. 
 
 mon OS 
 
 mon" o sj^r la ble, a word of 
 one syllable. 
 
 mon' b gr&ph (496), an arti- 
 cle written upon one sub- 
 ject. 
 
 mon' o lith (G. lithos, stone), 
 a single block of stone, 
 especially when used as a 
 pillar or monument. 
 
 mon' o de, an eyeglass for 
 one eye. 
 
 mo nop' o ly, exclusive priv- 
 ilege or power to sell a 
 commodity. 
 
 mon' pet" al ous (G. peta- 
 loii, a leaf), having one 
 petal, or all petals com- 
 bined in one. 
 
 mon' met" al igm, the the- 
 ory that there should be 
 but one metal, as gold, 
 used as the money stand- 
 ard. 
 
 mon' o the i§m (560), the 
 doctrine that there is only 
 one God. 
 
 mon' &d, an atom; the unit 
 of existence. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: moiik, monastery, monosyllable. 
 
 c. Use: monotone (516), monotony, monogram (497). 
 
 d. Derive: article, exclusive, privilege, existence. 
 
 552. poly- (ttoXu's), many. 
 
 pol' f gl6t (Gr. gloUa, lan- 
 guage), made up of more 
 than one language, as the 
 Bible. 
 
 pel' f pet" al ous (551), hav- 
 ing many leaves. 
 
 pol' f the i§m (560), worship 
 of many gods. 
 
 o. Illustrate. 
 
 6. Use: polygon, polynomial, polysyllable. 
 
 553. tith' e nai {ridevai), to set; to place. 
 
 a nath' e ma, a curse ; male- 
 diction. I Cor. xvi : 22. 
 
 an tith' e sis, a contrast, as 
 of words or ideas. 
 
 ep' i thet, an adjective; a de- 
 scriptive word, {epi-, P.) 
 
 a. niustrate. 
 
 6. Use: hypothesis, parenthesis, thesis, apothecary. 
 
 c. Derive: malediction, contrast, descriptive, opposed. 
 
 sjn' the sis, putting things 
 together; combining; op- 
 posed to analysis, (syn-, 
 
 P-) 
 theme, subject; topic; dis- 
 course. 
 
154 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 554. tern' nein (rtfiveLv), to cut. 
 
 a nat' o my, dissection; sci- 
 ence of the structure of 
 animals and plants, {ana-, 
 
 at' cm, the supposed indi- 
 visible chemical particle; 
 anything extremely small, 
 (o-, not, P.) 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 en' to mol" o gy (See 543). 
 
 6 pit' o me, a brief statement; 
 a summary; an abridge- 
 ment. 
 
 phle bet' o my (G. phkbos, 
 a vein), practice of bleed- 
 ing as a treatment of dis- 
 ease. 
 
 b. Use: atomic, anatomical, anatomize, phlebotomist. 
 
 555. pa' thos (ira&os), feeling; suffering, pa' thein 
 {irce&elv), to suffer. 
 
 pa' thos, tender sorrow; feel- 
 ing; suffering. 
 
 al lop' a thy, the ordinary 
 medical practice. 
 
 ho' me op" a th^ (534), amed- 
 ical practice; " art of cur- 
 ing founded on resem- 
 blances"; opposed to al- 
 lopathy. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: pathetic, sympathy, sjnnpathize, sympathetic. 
 
 (486), the 
 
 hy drop' a tbf 
 
 water ciu-e. 
 
 ap' a thj^, indifference; lack 
 of emotion. 
 
 an tip' a thj^, dislike; aver- 
 sion (408) ; repugnance 
 (508); hostility in feeling; 
 opposed to sympathy. 
 
 556. pan (jrav), the whole. 
 
 pan' a ce" a, a general medi- 
 cine; a cure-all. 
 
 pan' e gfi" ic, a speech of 
 praise; laudation. 
 
 pan' o ply, complete armor 
 for the body. 
 
 pan' de mo" ni um, the hall 
 of the demons; a riotous 
 assembly. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 pan' o ra" ma, a picture of 
 successive scenes; a men- 
 tal picture of a succession 
 of events. 
 
 pan' the igm (560), the doc- 
 trine that God is all, or 
 that all is God. 
 
 pan' the on (560), a temple to 
 all the gods. 
 
PART TWO 
 
 155 
 
 557. kos' mos (icoff/xos), the universe. 
 
 cd§' mos, the universe; the m&c' ro c6§m (G. makros, 
 
 world of creation. great), the great universe. 
 
 c6§' mic, relating to the mi' cro c6§m (541), a little 
 
 world or to the universe. world; man. 
 
 a. Use: universe, cosmos, creation. 
 
 558. chron' os (xpovos), time. 
 
 ehron' ic, lasting long, as a 
 disease; hard to get rid 
 of; 
 
 ehron' i cle, a record of 
 events. 
 
 ehro nom' e ter (524), a 
 watch or clock; any in- 
 strument for keeping time. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 ehro nol' o gy, a record of 
 dates; science of arrang- 
 ing events in proper succes- 
 sion. 
 
 an aeh' ro nism, an error in 
 chronology. 
 
 sj^' ehro nous, occurring at 
 the same time. 
 
 559. de' us, God. di' vus, a god. 
 
 de' 1 ty, the Supreme Being. 
 de' ist, one who believes in 
 
 the existence of God, but 
 
 not in revelation. 
 div' i na" tion, the act of 
 
 prophesying or divining. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 di vine', God-like; having 
 
 the nature of deity, 
 di vin' i ty, state of being 
 
 divine, 
 de' i fy, to treat as an object 
 
 of worship. 
 
 560. the' OS, God. 
 
 the' ist, a believer in the ex- 
 istence of God. 
 
 the oc' ra cy (See 545). 
 
 the ol' o gy (543 \ science 
 which treats of God's at- 
 tributes and relations to 
 
 a' the i§m, denial of the exist- 
 ence of God. 
 
 pan' the i§m (See 556). 
 
 pel' f the i§m (See 552). 
 
 the OS' o phy, wisdom con- 
 cerning divine things; rev- 
 elation. 
 
 a. Illustrate. 
 
 b. Use: theologian, pantheist, theocratic. 
 
COMMON PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 
 
 The references by figures apply to the several sections; for instance, 
 admire, 79, means that in section 79, the definition of the word admire 
 will be found; there will also be found, as a rule, with the definition of 
 such designated type-word, a parenthetical note showing the prefix or 
 suffix. 
 
 PREFIXES 
 
 a- (Latin) from: abridge, 53. 
 
 ab-, abbreviate, 53. abs-, ab-stract, 87. 
 
 ad- (Latin), to: adjourn, 89. Other forms of ad- are: 
 
 a-, abate, 25. al-, alliance, 190. 
 
 ac-, accuse. 111. an-, annex, 125. 
 
 af-, afiirm, 31. ap-, appease, 82. 
 
 ag-, aggrieve, 287. as-, assuage, 268. 
 
 am- (Latin), round or about: amputate, 266. 
 
 amb-, ambient, 281. 
 an- or a- (Greek), destitute of; without; not: atom, 554; athe- 
 ism, 560. an-, anarchy, 544. 
 ana- (Greek), up; throughout; anatomy, 554. 
 ante- (Latin), before: antemeridian, 361. Another form is seen 
 
 in anti-, as anticipate, 356, to take up beforehand. 
 anti- (G.), against; opposite; antidote, 500. 
 circiun- (L.), around: circumnavigate, 99. 
 con- (L.), with; together: confirm, 31. 
 
 CO-, co-operate, 187. com-, commerce, 19; 
 
 cog-, cognate, 463. compass, 37. 
 
 col-, collapse, 174. cor-, corrupt, 176. 
 
 contra- (L.), against: contraband, 29. 
 
 contro-, controvert, 155. counter-, counterpart, 55. 
 
 de- (L.), fro7n; down from; debar, 17. 
 dia- (G.), through; diameter, 524. 
 dis- (L.), denotes separation or opposition: displease, 7. 
 
 di-, dilution, 378. dif-, differ, 236. 
 
 157 
 
158 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 e- or ex- (L. and G.), out; out of: evade, 28; expand, 40. 
 
 ec-, eccentric, 451. ef-, effort, 451, to put out strength. 
 
 es-, escape, 16. 
 en- or em-; see in-, in. 
 
 epi- (G.), upon; among; beside; over; for: epithet, 553. 
 extra- (L.), beyond: extravagant, 280. 
 hyper- (G.), beyond; above: hypercritical, 540. 
 in- or en- (L. and G.), in: invade, 28; engirdle, 23. 
 
 em-, embargo, 17; im-, implant, 18. 
 
 ir-, irruption, 176. 
 in- or im- (L.), not: inactive, 10; improper, 10. 
 
 ig-, ignoble, 312. ir-, irrepressible, 172. Some- 
 
 il-, illegal, 225. times en-, as enmity, 60. 
 
 inter- (L.), among; between: interact, 269; interject, 291. 
 intro- (L.), within: introduce, 205. 
 meta- or met- (G.), beyond; from one to another: metaphysics, 
 
 459; metonymy, 534. 
 mis- (L.), wrong: misnomer, 405. 
 non- (L.), not; nonplus, 47. 
 ob- (L.), against; opposed: obviate, 141. 
 
 0C-, occasion, 112. 
 
 of-, offend, 26. 
 
 op-, oppress, 172. 
 para-orpar- (G.), fteside; beyond: paragraph, 496. 
 per- (L.), through: pervade, 28. 
 peri- (G.), around: periphrasis, 475; periscope, 541. 
 post- (L.), after: postscript, 239. 
 pre- (L.), before: preclude, 64. 
 preter- (L.), past; beyond: pretermit, 217. 
 pro- (L.), forth; forward; for: prolong, 51; protract, 87. 
 re- (L.), again; back: recall, 1. red-, redemption, 295. 
 retro- (L.), backward; retroaction, 269. 
 se- (L.), aside; apart: seclude, 64. 
 sub- (L.), under; subdivide, 48. 
 
 sue-, succor, 259. sup-, supplant, 18. 
 
 suf-, suffix, 136. SUS-, suspend, 220. 
 
 sug-, suggest, 297. 
 subter- (L.), under: subterranean, 153. 
 
 super- (L.), over; above: supernumerary, 50. sur-, surpass, 37. 
 syn- (G.), with; together: synagogue, 488. 
 
 syl-, syllogism, 542. sym-, symphony, 522. 
 
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 159 
 
 trans- (L.), over; beyond: transplant, 18. 
 
 tra-, traduce, 333; traject, 411. 
 ultra- (L.), beyond; excessive: ultramarine, 90. 
 un- (L.), not: unworthy, 10. 
 un-, to reverse; untwist, 5. 
 
 SUFFIXES 
 
 -able, -ible, ^<; worthy; possible; thcU may or can be: innumer- 
 able, 50; vendible, 21. 
 
 -ac, -acal, changes a noun to an adjective: mania, maniac (a), 
 maniacal, 479. 
 
 -aceous, -acious, consisting of; resembling; like: foliaceous, 439; 
 tenacious, 192. 
 
 -acy, quality; condition; state: lunacy, 92. 
 
 -age, action; condition; collection: salvage, 30. 
 
 -al, (adjectival): immortal, 10; armorial, 14; floral, 15. 
 
 -an, -ian, one who: artisan, 52; Martian, 91. 
 
 -ance, -ancy, act of; state of: utterance, 67; mibtancy, 97. 
 
 -ane, (adjectival): urbane, 166. 
 
 -ant, one who: merchant, 19. 
 
 -ant, (adjectival): important, 68. 
 
 -ar, one who: templar, 95. 
 
 -ar, (adjectival): particular, 55. 
 
 -ary, pertaining to; thing or person that: breviary, 53; military, 
 97; diary, S9; actuary, 269. 
 
 -ate, (noun): pastorate, 74. 
 
 -ate, (verb): fumigate, 39. 
 
 -ation, (forming noun) : plantation, 18. 
 
 -de, -cule, little; minute: particle, 55; animalcule, 454. 
 
 -ee, one to u-honi; legatee, 225. 
 
 -ence, -ency; see -ance, -ancy, above: decadence, 112; emer- 
 gency, ISO. 
 
 -ent, (adjectival): independent, 10. 
 
 -er, -eer, -ier, -or, -yer, (the thing which; the one who). (See 
 2; 3; S.) 
 
 -ery, condition; quality; practice: archery, 13. 
 
 -esce, (forming verbs that express a beginning of) : eflBoresce, 15. 
 
 -escence, a beginning; a slight quality: convalescence, 388. 
 
 -escent, beginning: ignescent, 204. 
 
 -esque, like: picturesque, S4. 
 
 -ess, (feminine): abbess, 63. 
 
160 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 • 
 -et, (diminutive): casket, 6. 
 
 -ferous, bearing (from /erre, 182): fructiferous, 132. 
 -fie, making; causing (from facere, 342) : pacific, 82. 
 -fication, a making; a causing: pacification, 82. 
 -fice, a£t of doing or making: artifice, 52. 
 -ful, abounding in; full of: artful, 52. 
 -fy, to make: fortify, 45. 
 
 -ic, -ical, pertaining to; made of: basic, 32; numerical, 50. 
 -ice, condition; quality; action: service, 138. 
 -ics, art of; science of: aeronautics, 99. 
 -id, being; having the nature of: florid, 15. 
 -ile, pertaining to; like: mercantile, 19. 
 -ine, belonging to; of: marine, 90. 
 -ish, (verb), to; to make or cause to: flourish, 15. 
 -ish, somewhat: saltish, 42. 
 
 -ism, condition; being; doctrine: militarism, 97. 
 -ist, one who: florist, 15. 
 -ity, state of being: venality, 21. 
 
 -ive, using power; showing guality; one who: defensive, 26; fugi- 
 tive, 390. 
 -ix, (feminine): administratrix, 300. 
 -ize, to cause to be; to make: neutralize, 109. 
 -less, without: debtless, 20. 
 -let, (diminutive) : bracelet, 6. 
 
 -ly, (adjectival), like; having the nature of: manly, 11. 
 -ly, (adverbial), in a manner: wisely, 12. 
 -ment, action; manner; condition of being: embankment, 9. 
 -mony, result; condition; state: testimony, 124. 
 -ness, state of being: indebtedness, 20. 
 -or; see -er above. 
 
 -cry, (adjectival), pertaining to: laudatory, 94. 
 -cry, (noun), place where: laboratory, 183. 
 -ose, full of: verbose, 175. 
 -ous, consisting; full of: anxious, 35. 
 -ry; see -ery above. 
 -ship, office: abbotship, 63. 
 -some, having quality of; -ness: wholesome, 44. 
 -tude, quality: fortitude, 45. 
 -ty, state of being: piety, 62. 
 -ule, little; minute: capsule, 41. 
 
INDEX OF ROOT-WORDS 
 
 The figures refer to sections. L., means Latin; G., Greek; A.-S., Anglo-Saxon; F., 
 French; Syr., Syriac; Ice., Icelandic; San., Sanscrit. 
 
 abba, Syr. 63 
 acer, L. 464 
 acidus, L. 437 
 acuere, L. 465 
 aequus, L. 343 
 aer, G. 487 
 aestimare, L. 156 
 agein, G. 488 
 ager, L. 292 
 agere, L. 269; 517 
 agni, San. 204 
 agon, G. 518 
 alere, L. 461 
 aliemis, L. 493 
 alius, L. 493 
 alter, L. 376. 
 altei-nus, L. 376 
 altus, L. 480 
 amare, L. 60 
 ambulare, L. 257 
 angelus, L. 218 
 angere, L. 35 
 angr. Ice. 35 
 angellos, G. 218 
 aniina, L. 454 
 annus, L. 106 
 ante-, L. 361 
 ante, L. 498 
 anti, G. 500 
 aptus, L. 285 
 aqua, L. 250 
 arbiter, L. 452 
 
 area, L. 13 
 arche, G. 544 
 arous, L. 13 
 ai-ma, L. 14 
 ars, L. 52 
 aster, G. 363 
 audire, L. 123 
 augere, L. 131 
 aurum, L. 294 
 autos, G. 535 
 avancer, F. 36 
 avant, F. 36 
 
 ballein, G. 550 
 ban, F. 29 
 banc, F. 9 
 bapteisein, G. 249 
 baptizare, L. 249 
 barra, L. 17 
 basis, L. 32 
 bassus, L. 32 
 batuere, L. 25 
 bellum, L. 509 
 bene, L. 247 
 bi-, bis, L. 102 
 bibere, L. 242 
 bonus, L. 247 
 brevis, L. 53 
 bursa, L. 22 
 
 caballus, L. 296 
 cadere, L. 112 
 161 
 
 caedere, L. 322 
 calere, L. 440 
 calx, L. 523 
 campus, L. 252 
 candere, L. 470 
 canere, L. 129 
 caper, L. 233 
 capere, L. 41; 356; 527 
 cappa, L. 16 
 caput, L. 193 
 caro, L. 358 
 carrus, L. 88 
 causa, L. Ill 
 cavus, L. 43 
 cedere, L. 262; 384 
 celer, L. 469 
 censere, L. 416 
 centrum, L. 451 
 centum, L. 107 
 cernere, L. 244 
 certus, L. 46 
 chronos, G. 558 
 ciere, L. 216 
 cingere, L. 506 
 circus, L. 339 
 citare, L. 216 
 civis, L. 164 
 damare, L. 119 
 clarus, L. 209 
 classis, L. 71 
 claudere, L. 64 
 clinare, L. 246 
 
162 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 cohors, L. 227 
 colere, L. 127 
 communis, L. 165 
 consuetude, L. 341 
 contra, L. 156 
 coquere, L. 536 
 cor, L. 135 
 comu, L. 120 
 corona, L. 126 
 corpus, L. 143 
 creare, L. 207 
 credere, L. 317 
 crescere, L. 115 
 crimen, L. 185 
 crux, L. 237 
 cubare, L. 514 
 culpa, L. 198 
 cumbere, L. 514 
 cumulus, L. 483 
 cura, L. 195 
 currere, L. 259; 260 
 
 damnare, L. 184 
 damnum, L. 184 
 dare, L. 253 
 debere, L. 20 
 decem, L. 347 
 decere, L. 222 
 decus, L. 222 
 deka, G. 347 
 delicere, L. 240 
 dens, L. 232 
 densus, L. 171 
 deus, L. 559 
 dexter, L. 463 
 dicare, L. 371 
 dicere, L. 298 
 dies, L. 89; 210 
 dignus, L. 202 
 dis-, L. 7 
 dividere, L. 48 
 
 divus, L. 559 
 docere, L. 472 
 dolere, L. 447 
 dominus, L. 139 
 domus, L. 122 
 ducere, L. 96; 205; 333 
 duo, L. 399 
 durare, L. 412 
 durus, L. 412 
 
 emere, L. 295 
 ens, L. 154 
 -eer, 8 
 
 equus, L. 177 
 -er, A.-S. 2; 3 
 errare, L. 279 
 esse, L. 154 
 -et, F. 6 
 exterus, L. 421 
 
 facere, L. 342; 418; 
 
 419; 420 
 facies, L. 428 
 fallere, L. 330 
 falsus, L. 330 
 fama, L. 229 
 fanum, L. 130 
 faran, A.-S. 24 
 fari, L. 229 
 fatuus, L. 478 
 fendere, L. 26 
 ferre, L. 182; 236 
 fervere, L. 485 
 festus, L. 33 
 fidere, L. 335 
 fides, L. 335 
 figere, L. 136 
 filum, L. 118 
 fingere, L. 442 
 finis, L. 305 
 firmus, L. 31 
 
 flagrare, L. 144 
 flamma, L. 144 
 flectere, L. 396 
 fligere, L. 325 
 flos, L. 15 
 florere, L. 15 
 fluere, L. 465 
 focus, L. 441 
 folium, L. 439 
 forma, L. 179 
 fortis, L. 45 
 frangere, L. 352 
 frater, L. 407 
 frons, L. 191 
 fructus, L. 132 
 fugere, L. 390 
 fulgere, L. 467 
 fumus, L. 39 
 fundere, L. 331 
 fundus, L. 163 
 
 gaudium, L. 34 
 gelare, L. 146 
 gelu, L. 146 
 gerere, L. 297 
 germen, L. 168 
 gignere, L. 458 
 gladius, L. 507 
 gradus, L. 385 
 gramma, G. 497 
 granum, L. 128 
 graphein, G. 496 
 gratia, L. 161 
 gratus, L. 161 
 gravis, L. 287 
 grex, L. 512 
 gustus, L. 403 
 gyrdan, A.-S. 23 
 
 habere, L. 152 
 haerere, L. 355 
 
INDEX OF ROOT-WORDS 
 
 163 
 
 hal, A.-S. 44 
 hepta, G. 457 
 heres, L. 235 
 hex, G. 401 
 hodos, G. 489 
 horrere, L. 265 
 hudor, G. 486 
 humare, L. 147 
 humus, L. 147 
 hydro-, G. 486 
 
 -ier, 8 
 
 ignis, L. 204 
 im-, 10 
 imago, L. 277 
 imitari, 277 
 impedicare, L. 386 
 imperium, L. 189 
 in-, 10 
 
 insula, L. 248 
 integer, L. 57 
 inter, L. 291 
 intricate, L. 435 
 ira, L. 505 
 ire, L. 281; 282 
 irritare, L. 504 
 iter, L. 281 
 
 jacere, L. 411 
 jour, F. 89 
 judex, L. 453 
 jugum, L. 392 
 jungere, L. 392; 393 
 jurare, L. 473 
 jus, L. 359 
 
 kentron, G. 451 
 kosmos, G. 557 
 kratos, G. 545 
 krinein, G. 540 
 kuklos, G. 38 
 
 labi, L. 174 
 labor, L. 183 
 latus, L. 481 
 laus, L. 94 
 lavare, L. 332 
 legere, L. 314 
 -let, 6 
 
 levare, L. 415 
 lex, L. 225 
 liber, L. 254 
 liber, L. 276 
 libra, L. 366 
 licere, L. 532 
 ligai-e, L. 190 
 limen, L. 476 
 limes, L. 476 
 Un, A.-S. 116 
 lingua, L. 299 
 linquere, L. 513 
 liquere, L. 4S4 
 littera, L. 471 
 locus, L. 311 
 logos, G. 542 
 -logy, G. 543 
 longus, L. 51 
 loqui, L. 474 
 ludere, L. 413 
 luere, L. 332; 378 
 lumen, L. 208 
 luna, L. 92 
 lux, L. 468 
 -ly, 11; 12 
 
 magnus, L. 362 
 major, L. 362 
 malleus, L. 230 
 mains, L. 430 
 mandare, L. 98 
 manere, L. 66 
 mania, L. 479 
 manus, L. 173 
 
 mare, L. 90 
 Mars, L. 91 
 maturus, L. 169 
 mederi, L. 148 
 medius, L. 529 
 memor, L. 446 
 mens, L. 445 
 mergere, L. 180 
 merx, L. 19 
 metiri, L. 178 
 metron, G. 524 
 migrare, L. 140 
 miles, L. 97 
 mille, L. 348 
 mimos, G. 525 
 minari, L. 503 
 minister, L. 300 
 minor, L. 364 
 minuere, L. 364 
 mirari, L. 79 
 miscere, L. 434 
 miser, L. 344 
 mittere, L. 217 
 modus, L. 238 
 moles, L. 482 
 monere, L. 197 
 moneta, L. 275 
 mono-, G. 551 
 monos, G. 551 
 mens, L. 145 
 monstrare, L. 197 
 monstrum, L. 197 
 mori, L. 302 
 mos, L, 377 
 movere, L. 255; 256 
 multus, L. 105 
 munus, L. 427 
 mutare, L. 278 
 
 nasci, L. 463 
 naus, G. 99 
 
164 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 navis, L. 99 
 necare, L. 539 
 nectere, L. 125 
 negare, L. 533 
 nekros, G. 539 
 nervus, L. 289 
 neuron, G. 289 
 nihil, L. 528 
 nobilis, L. 312 
 nocere, L. 538 
 nomen, L. 405 
 norma, L. 224 
 noscere, L. 444 
 nota, L. 223 
 novus, L. 450 
 noxa, L. 538 
 nudus, L. 85 
 nullus, L. 528 
 numerus, L. 50 
 nuncius, L. 369 
 nutrix, L. 149 
 
 octo, L. 346 
 ode, G. 515 
 odium, L. 431 
 odor, L. 365 
 okto, G. 346 
 olere, L. 365 
 onoma, G. 534 
 ophthalmos, G. 549 
 optikos, G. 549 
 opus, L. 187 
 -or, 8 
 
 orare, L. 380 
 orbis, L. 502 
 orbita, L. 502 
 ordo, L. 423 
 oriri, L. 213 
 ornare, L. 93 
 OS (oris), L. 380 
 OS (ossis), L. 548 
 
 osteon, G. 548 
 ovum, L. 537 
 
 pan, G. 556 
 pandere, L. 40 
 papuros, G. 72 
 papyrus, L. 72 
 par, L. 283 
 parare, L. 133 
 parere, L. 215 
 pars, L. 55 
 pascere, L. 74 
 passus, L. 37 
 pater, L. 406 
 pater, G. 406 
 pathein, G. 555 
 pathos, G. 555 
 pati, L. 320 
 pax, L. 82 
 pectus, L. 429 
 pellere, L. 206 
 pendere (pendeo), 
 
 220 
 pendere (pendo), 
 
 267; 417 
 pes, L. 386 
 pestis, L. 309 
 petere, L. 228 
 petra, G. 293 
 phainein, G. 531 
 philos, G. 547 
 phone, G. 522 
 phrazein, G. 475 
 phuein, G. 459 
 pingere, L. 84 
 pius, L. 62 
 placere, L. 313 
 planta, L. 18 
 planus, L. 113 
 plat, F. 113 
 plaudere, L. 199 
 
 plectere, L. 432 
 planus, L. 76 
 plere, L. 75 
 plicaie, L. 432 
 plumbum, L. 4 
 plus, L. 47 
 poena, L. 137 
 polls, G. 495 
 polus, G. 552 
 poly-, G. 552 
 pondus, L. 417 
 ponere, L. 360 
 populus, L. 61 
 porta, L. 65 
 portare, L. 68 
 poser, F. 261 
 posse, L. 336 
 post, L. 499 
 potare, L. 243 
 praeda, L. 367 
 prassein, G. 270 
 
 L. prehendere, L. 323 
 premere, L. 172 
 
 L. pretium, L. 157 
 prex, L. 382 
 primus, L. 456 
 privus, L. 226 
 probare, L. 201 
 prope, L. 373 
 proprius, L. 372 
 proximus, L. 373 
 pugnare, L. 508 
 pugnus, L. 508 
 punctum, L. 349 
 pungere, L. 349 
 pimire, L. 137 
 purus, L. 134 
 putare, L. 266 
 
 quaerere, L. 448 
 quartus, L. 400 
 
INDEX OF ROOT-WORDS 
 
 165 
 
 quatuor, L. 400 
 quies, L. 511 
 quietus, L. 511 
 
 radere, L. 263 
 radius, L. 241 
 radix, L. 438 
 rancere, L. 170 
 ratus, L. 491 
 re-, L. 1 
 rectus, L. 303 
 reddere, L. 160 
 regere, L. 337 
 reri, L. 491 
 rex, L. 59 
 ridere, L. 100 
 ripa, L. 251 
 rivus, L. 251 
 rodere, L. 264 
 rogare, L. 526 
 rota, L. 258 
 ruber, L. 211 
 rumpere, L. 176 
 
 sacer, L. 383 
 sal, L. 42 
 salire, L. 519 
 salsa, L. 42 
 salus, L. 196 
 salvus, L. 30 
 sanctus, L. 381 
 sanguis, L. 510 
 sanus, L. 151 
 sapere, L. 402 
 satis, L. 379 
 scala, L. 69 
 scandere, L. 290 
 scire, L. 492 
 scribere, L. 186; 239 
 secare, L. 351 
 
 sedere, L. 338 
 semi, L. 54 
 senex, L. 150 
 sentire, L. 318; 319 
 Septimus, L. 457 
 sequi, L. 490 
 serere, L. 326 
 servare, L. 142 
 servire, L. 138 
 severus, L. 286 
 sigmmi, L. 449 
 similis, L. 284 
 simplex, L. 103 
 singulus, L. 103 
 sinister, L. 462 
 sinus, L. 501 
 sistere, L. 158 
 skopos, G. 541 
 socius, L. 375 
 sol, L. 212 
 Bolaxi, L. 81 
 solidus, L. 274 
 solus, L. 234 
 solvere, L. 354 
 somnus, L. 357 
 Bonus, L. 395 
 sors, L. 245 
 spargare, L. 327 
 spatium, L. 422 
 specere, L. 306 
 species, L. 443 
 sperare, L. 194 
 sphaira, G. 414 
 spicere, L. 306 
 spirare, L. 321 
 splendere, L. 219 
 spolium, L. 70 
 spondere, L. 329 
 stare, L. 158; 387; 389 
 stinguere, L. 308 
 stringere, L. 288 
 
 struere, L. 324 
 stupere, L. 78 
 suadere, L. 268 
 suavis, L. 268 
 suere, L. 341 
 sumere, L. 425 
 super, L. 398 
 surgere, L. 214 
 
 tabula, L. 114 
 tacere, L. 521 
 tangere, L. 466 
 tassein, G. 424 
 tegere, L. 397 
 temnein, G. 554 
 temnere, L. 101 
 temperare, L. 340 
 templxun, L. 95 
 tempus, L. 304 
 tendere, L. 328 
 tenere, L. 192; 334 
 tentare, L. 77 
 tenuis, L. 433 
 terminus, L. 477 
 terere, L. 353 
 terra, L. 153 
 terrei-e, L. 80 
 testis, L. 124 
 texere, L. 117 
 theos, G. 560 
 timere, L. 108 
 tingere, L. 83 
 tithenai, G. 553 
 toUere, L. 162 
 tonos, G. 516 
 tonus, L. 516 
 tornos, G. 273 
 tornus, L. 273 
 torquere, L. 231 
 totus, L. 56 
 tradere, J.. 27 
 
166 
 
 ENGLISH DERIVATIVES 
 
 trahere, L. 87 
 transire, L. 282 
 tremere, L. 121 
 tri-, G. or L. 49 
 tribuere, L. 426 
 tricae, L. 435 
 trudere, L. 350 
 tueri, L. 460 
 turba, L. 167 
 twi-, A.-S. 5 
 
 ultimus, L. 530 
 ultra, L. 530 
 umbra, L. 110 
 un-, 10 
 unda, L. 181 
 unguere, L. 436 
 unus, L. 58 
 urbs, L. 166 
 ut, A.-S. 67 
 
 uter, L. 109 
 uti, L. 203 
 
 vacare, L. 159 
 vacans, L. 159 
 vadere, L. 28 
 vagus, L. 280 
 valere, L. 388 
 vanus, L. 310 
 varius, L. 104 
 vehere, L. 141 
 velum, L. 86 
 vendere, L. 21 
 venire, L. 370 
 ver, L. 307 
 verbum, L. 175 
 vergere, L. 271 
 vertere, L. 408; 409 
 verus, L. 374 
 vestis, L. 221 
 via, L. 141 
 
 vibrare, L. 272 
 vicis, L. 410 
 videre, L. 315; 316 
 vigil, L. 368 
 vilis, L. 345 
 vincere, L. 188 
 vindicare, L. 404 
 vinum, L. 73 
 vir, L. 546 
 virere, L. 307 
 vita, L. 301 
 vitium, L. 391 
 vivere, L. 301 
 vocare, L. 394 
 volvere, L. 520 
 votum, L. 200 
 vovere, L. 200 
 vox, L. 394 
 vulgus, L. 494 
 
 -yer, 8