BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF 1S91 fj.r.X'i.Ai.fM. : /:... 9963 The date showa when this volume was taken. HOME USE RULES. All Botks subject to Rtcall. Books not used for instruction or research are returnable Svitbin 4 week^. Volumes of periodi- cals ajud of . pamphlets are' held in the library as much as possible. Por Special piitposes tbey^re given out for a limited Bme. . Borro'«ic6rs; i' shquld not use their library privileges for thebenfe- fi^ of' other pelrs.ons.v n Books not neede# during recess periods should be returned to the library, or arrange- ments made' fpr their return during bbrrowr- er's absence, if waritesdl^ "^Books .-needed by more than one persciu are held on the reserve list. "I&ooks of- special value and' eift books, when, tlie g^yc^ wishes it, are not allowed ta cifcul^te. , • ' > Readers ^re asked to fSport all Ci(s|is of books marked or muti- Wted. , Do not deface booki by marks and writing. arV1896o''°""" ""'""^ "*'""' ^^wummuS«!ISl?ilff^i '•* history, pharmac ,. 3 1924 031 268 224 olin,anx ^ .^ TABLET MANUFACTURE ITS HISTORY, PHARMACY AND PRACTICE BY JOSEPH R. WOOD, M. A., Ph. G. PHILADELPHIA ^ LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 1906 > ^ %%& (y s-\ ComuGHT, 1904 By Joseph R, Wood M^% PREFACE The many difficulties constantly present- ing themselves to the author and his assist- ants in the manufacture of tablets, and the marked absence of literature relating to the subject, have led to the preparation of this little volume. While an attempt has been made to treat the subject broadly, its nature is such as to demand the consideration of details. Special attention has been given to causes and remedies of difficulties encountered in manufacture, such as capping, picking, and sticking. Also, to the methods of treatment of individual substances. The demand for tablets which will disin- tegrate in water has radically changed methods of granulation in recent years, and this important subject has been treated in detail. It has been deemed best to omit consider- ation of sugar- and chocolate-coating because of the doubtful utility of giving directions without practical demonstration. 4 PREFACE Embodying, as it does, the results of prac- tical work, not only in a large but also small way, it is hoped that this volume will be found of equal service to the retail pharma- cist who may have occasion to make but few tablets and to the larger manufacturer. The author is indebted to Mr. W. Henry Rivard and Mr. B. Douglass for many valu- able suggestions ; to Mr. H. N. Fraser and Messrs. John Wyeth and Brother for histori- cal data; and to F. J. Stokes Machine Co., The J. H. Day Co., Whitall, Tatum Co., and H. K. Mulford Co. for the loan of electrotypes. New York, November, 1906. J. R. W. CONTENTS CHAPTER I HISTORY PAGE. Compressed Tablets — Moulded Tablets 9 CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION General Considerations 13 CHAPTER III TRITURATING Apparatus : Mortars and Pestles, Powder Mixers, Ball and Pebble Mills, Chasers — Methods of Triturating 15, CHAPTER IV MIXING, GRANULATING, AND DRYING Apparatus : Mass Mixers, Spiral-Blade and Spatula-Blade, Grinding-Mill, Sieves, Drying-Closets 24 List of Substances Requiring no Granulation — Excipients and Their Applications — Moistening Agents — Adhesives — Bases — Disintegrator — Absorbents 33 Treatment of Various Classes of Medicaments : Chemicals, Drugs, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Volatile Substances, Effervescent Tablets 46 CHAPTER V LUBRICATING Sticking — Picking — Oil — Talcum — Boric Acid 60 CHAPTER VI COMPRESSING Tablet-Machines : Setting up. Care of — Punches and Dies : Care of, Difficulties with and Remedies, Choice of Size — 5 6 CONTENTS Regulation of Weight — Variation in Weight : Causes and Remedies — Regulation of Pressure — Capping : Causes and Remedies — Picking and Sticking : Causes and Remedies — Dust and Siftings : Utilization 64 CHAPTER VII COLORING Vegetable Colors — List of Colors Permitted — Forbidden — Methods of Coloring 85 CHAPTER VIII CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS Systems of Weight — ^Tritvurate Tablets — General Formula — Illustrations of Typical Formulas — Compressed Tablets Proper — Illustrations of Typical Formulas — Lozenges 98 CHAPTER IX TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES Detailed Methods of Treatment of the Principal Medicaments Used in Compressed Tablets IIJ CHAPTER X Formulary 144 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Power Mortar i6 2. Hunter's Sifter and Mixer 17 3. Small Sifter and Mixer 19 4. Pebble Mill 20a 5. Steel Ball Mill 20a 6. Pot Mill 20b 7. Hand Mixer 25 8. Power Mixer 26 9. Cylinder Mixer 27a 10. Granulating Mill 27a 11. Granulating Sieve 29 12. Granulating Block 29 13. Granulating Sieve, Interchangeable 30 14. Stokes' Wet Granulating Machine 30a 15. Drying Closets 31a 7 8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS i6. Small Dryer 32 17. Hand Punches and Die 65 18. " No. 25 " Tablet Machine 66 19. " Eureka " Tablet Machine 66a 20. Mulford Tablet Machine 66b 2 1 . Stokes' Tablet Machine 68a 22. Stokes' Multiple Tablet Machine 69a 23. Punches and Dies 70a TABLET MANUFACTURE CHAPTER I HISTORY The present era of compressed-tablet mak- ing dates back but a few years,^ and during this period the quality of the tablets, as made by the highest exponents of the art, has gradually improved until it has reached a high standard. In the early stages, the chief problem was to construct a machine which would economically compress powders or granulations. When, after a number of years, this was accomplished, compressed tablets were on a commercial basis ; that is, ' " Stamps have been found in England which have been shown to have been used by the Romans to stamp remedies for producing clearness of vision, or for doing away with dimness of sight. The object aimed at by the medicament was specified in the stamp. It is noteworthy that the stamps so far discovered were designed for remedies for ocular diseases. The preparations were hardened with gum or some viscid substance and were thus ready to be liquefied at any time. Thus our supposedly very modern device of triturates or compressed tablets is only a revival of an ancient Roman custom." (American Medicine.) 10 TABLET MANUFACTURE they could be made to sell at a profit to the manufacturer. From that time to the pres- ent, countless different ma,chines have been constructed, many of them cumbersome and defective in other ways, until to-day a number of machines are well-nigh perfect. The early tablets (and, unfortunately, many of to-day may be classed with them) were compressed hard, and made without reference to their solubility or to their power to dis- integrate, and little skill was required in their preparation. On the other hand, the proper manipulation of the medicinal ingredients, and the choice, proportioning, and manipu- lation of excipients best suited to use with the different formulas, require a considerable degree of skill, as well as an intimate knowl- edge of the physical and chemical properties of the ingredients. During the past fifteen years, a great advance has been made in respect to solubility and disintegration of tablets, and at the present time there are on the market many tablets closely attaining perfection. Compressed tablets are believed to have been made first in 1844, by Professor Brock- eden, in England, who, in using a machine for HISTORY 11 the compression of lead for use in pencils, conceived the idea that the same principle could be applied to the compression of drugs and chemicals into tablet form. He thus compressed potassium bicarbonate and so- dium bicarbonate. These tablets had a con- siderable sale both in England and in this country, where they were sold by Mr. Fred- erick Brown, of Philadelphia. In 1 87 1 Professor Brockeden's business was purchased by the Messrs. Newbery. About this time, Mr. Jacob Dunton, of Philadelphia, began to compress a variety of formulas, including quinine tablets,, on a machine of the Brockeden pattern. Shortly after this, about 1872, Messrs. John Wyeth and Brother, in conjunction with Mr. Henry Bower, succeeded in pro- ducing a machine which, while still a hand- press, was so much of an advance over the previous patterns, that the cost of compression was materially reduced, and the resulting tablets were successfully ex- ploited. Since that time, the preparation of com- pressed tablets has been taken up by a host of manufacturers and pharmacists. 12 TABLET MANUFACTURE The manufacture of moulded tablets is a still more modern art. The idea of filling moulds with medicated milk sugar was first proposed by Dr. Robert M. Fuller, of New York, who, on February the twenty-first, 1878, read a paper presenting the subject be- fore the American Medical Society. Some time later. Dr. Fuller laid the details before Mr. Horatio N. Fraser, who was at that time in charge of the prescription department of a large New York pharmacy. Dr. Fuller requested that nothing concerning the tablets or their manufacture be made the subject of a patent, in order that all pharmacists should be free to make the tablets. After vain attempts to induce his employers to embark in the new enterprise, Mr. Fraser started, in 1883, in an extremely modest way, to manufacture moulded tablets ; with what result, every pharmacist knows. It is worthy of note, that, after more than twenty years, inventors have yet to perfect a machine which will successfully replace the moulds of hard rubber and the spatulas with which the best tablets are still made. CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION Compressed Tablets (abbreviated C. T.) are small bodies made by the compression of medicinal substances by appropriate appa- ratus, usually a compressing machine. They are of various shapes : cylindrical, square, octagonal, oval, etc., and with convex, flat, or other form of upper and lower surfaces. The usual form is cylindrical, with convex upper and lower surfaces. They range in size from one-eighth inch in diameter to three- fourths inch or more. Those having a diame- ter of 7-32 inch or less are termed Com- pressed Triturate Tablets (C. T. T.), and in most cases contain one grain or less of medi- cament. Tablets having properties charac- teristic of lozenges are termed Compressed Lozenges. Properly made Compressed Tablets pos- sess the following properties : 1. Accuracy of dose. 2. Perfect subdivision of ingredients. 3. Uniformity in weight and appearance. 13 14 TABLET MANUFACTURE 4. Rapid solubility if composed of freely soluble substances. 5. Rapid disintegration when immersed in tepid water, if composed of difficultly solu- ble or insoluble substances. 6. Sufficient firmness to prevent crum- bling or wearing away of edges when ordi- narily handled. Most compressed tablets require in their preparation a certain routine, briefly described as follows : The ingredients are mixed, moistened, forced through a sieve to form granules, and dried. The dry granulation is then lubricated and compressed into tablets. These steps are conveniently considered separately and will be taken up in order : 1. Triturating. 2. Mixing, Granulating, and Drying. 3. Lubricating. 4. Compressing. CHAPTER III TRITURATING Various forms of triturating mills and mixers for powders have been devised and are in use. The principal forms are four in number, namely: i. Mortars and Pestles. 2. "Powder Mixers." 3. Ball and Pebble Mills. 4. Chasers. 1. Mortars and Pestles These are preferably of the regular wedge- wood variety. They will perform the work of most other forms of triturators, provided sufficient time and energy are expended. They are, in fact, not only as necessary to the large manufacturer as to the small, but with them the pharmacist is equipped to produce as perfect triturations, in small lots, as with the more costly apparatus. The other forms of triturators are necessary to the larger manufacturers because of their labor- saving qualities, and as a check against im- perfect trituration when working with large quantities of material. 16 TABLET MANUFACTURE Mortars and pestles are adapted to connec- tion with power. (See Fig. No. i.) The mor- tar is fastened to the top of a short vertical Fig. No. i Power Mortar shaft, which is made to revolve in a socket. Above the center of the mortar is another vertical shaft, to which the pestle and scraper are attached on opposite sides. Each shaft is supplied with a grooved pulley belted to cor- responding pulleys on a countershaft. By the use of one " straight " belt and one "twist" belt the mortar revolves in one direction and the pestle and scraper in the opposite. This TRITURATING 17 mortar eiill is very serviceable in reducing hard crystals, old tablets, etc., to impalpable Fig. No. 2 Hunter's Sifter and Mixer powder, as well as for triturating. A one- gallon mortar thus equipped will grind about 2 18 TABLET MANUFACTURE two pounds of average dry material of the above or similar nature to a fine powder in about an hour. 2. Powder Mixers These are of various forms, the essential features of which are a semi-cylindrical trough with a hinged, box-shaped cover, and a light metallic spiral arranged to revolve within. Mixers of this form sometimes have an attached sieve ; the combined action of the sieve and spiral serve to produce an even tri- turation in a short space of time. A typi- cal machine is shown in Fig. No. 2. These mixers are adapted to triturating approxi- mately equal quantities of powders required in making such tablets as Alkaline Antiseptic, Ammonium Chloride Comp., etc. They are not so well adapted to making triturations of poisons as are pebble mills or chasers. A small form bf powder mixer is shown in Figure No. 3. The capacities of these styles range from ab6ut five pounds to several barrels. 3. Ball and Pebble Mills. Ball and Pebble Mills are revolving hollow cylinders of iron, steel, or porcelain, contain- TRITURATING 19 ing a number of balls of the same material, about one and a half inches in diameter. By the constant tumbling and rubbing of the balls, the substances in the mill are reduced to fine powder and intimately mixed. The balls are readily freed from powder by the use of a coarse sieve. This form of mill is particularly use- ful in powdering or tritu- rating substances of a hy- groscopic, irritating, or poisonous nature, such as brittle extracts, capsicum, or corrosive sublimate. The covers are usually secured by means of clamps, over rubber gaskets, which render the mills practi- cally air-tight. Thus, neither can atmospheric moisture affect the contents, nor can dust escape from within. Porcelain pebble mills are preferable to those of iron or steel for chemicals or other materials affected by iron, or liable to discoloration by contact with iron- rust, but are somewhat more expensive. Capacities of the porcelain mills range from one to fifty pounds, and those of metal from Fig. No. 3 Small Sifter and Mixer 20 TABLET MANUFACTURE ten to several hundred. (See Figs. Nos. 4 and 5.) The Pot Mill is a modification of the Peb- ble mill. The body is in the form of a large iron pot. From the center of the bottom projects a shaft fitted with bevelled gears. The pot revolves at an angle of about thirty degrees and contains three iron balls about four inches in diameter. A cover is pro- vided, but as it does not fit so tightly as in the pebble mill, this form of mill is not so serviceable for use with hygroscopic or irri- tating substances. It is, perhaps, the most easily cleaned and operated mill in use, which commends it. Capacities range from about ten to thirty pounds. (See Fig. No. 6.) 4. Chasers. Chasers are a modified form of mortars and pestles, with scrapers. A heavy stone roller rotates on a shallow, flat-bottomed stone mortar, which is usually from two to four feet in diameter and from six to twelve inches in depth. The roller and sides of the mortar are constantly scraped when the former is in motion. This mill is unexcelled for uni- formly triturating dry substances which are Fig. No. 4 Pebble Mill Porcelain encased in iron Fig. No. 5 Steel Ball Mill TRITURATING 21 at least partially powdered, and of such a nature as not to cake upon the application of pressure. About half an hour suffices to mix a charge, which may range from five to fifty pounds, depending upon the size of the mill and the character of the ingredients. Chasers should be provided with dome-like, close-fitting covers of sheet iron or similar material. It should not be inferred that the mills above described are adapted only to making triturations for tablets. They are all pri- marily made for other purposes, and incident- ally are applicable to tablet-making. Thus, as the manufacturer of tablets usually pro- duces other pharmaceuticals, a mill can often be made to serve both departments with economy, when for one department only the expense would not be warranted. Two points of great importance in tablet- manufacture are often overlooked. First, the use of powders of the greatest possible degree of fineness, and, second, absolutely perfect mixture or trituration. It is in the production of these conditions that the various forms of mixers and triturators serve. 22 TABLET MANUFACTURE A fine powder (at least a number 60, bet- ter 100) is essential to the formation of an even color in the finished tablet, when sub- stances of different colors or shades enter into its composition. A coarser powder produces a mottled and unsightly appearance, which militates against the tablet in the eyes of both physician and patient. The necessity for perfect trituration of in- gredients is obvious. The means of obtain- ing this condition follow a well-defined pro- cedure. It is not enough simply to "put in the powders and triturate until mixed." The U. S. Pharmacopoeia, in the directions for making "Triturations," gives the procedure which should be followed in all cases, modi- fied to suit the particular formula: "Take of The Substance lo gms. Sugar of Milk 90 gms. To make 100 gms, " Weigh the Substance and the Sugar of Milk separately ; then place the Substance, previously reduced, if necessary, to a moder- ately fine powder, in a mortar ; add about an equal measure of Sugar of Milk, mix well TRITURATING 23 by means of a spatula, and triturate them thoroughly together. Then add fresh por- tions of Sugar of Milk, from time to time, until the whole is added, and continue the trituration until the Substance is intimately mixed with the Sugar of Milk, and reduced to a fine powder." U. S. P. The superiority of this method is readily shown by preparing two triturations of the above formula, in which powdered charcoal or red mercuric iodide is used for the sub- stance. Let one trituration be made strictly in accordance with the directions and the time noted, required to produce a color that appears uniform under a magnifying glass •of about ten diameters. Let the other tritu- ration be made by adding the whole of the coloring agent to the phole of the Sugar of Milk at once, and the trituration be con- tinued for the same length of time as is ex- pended upon the first ipixture. It is scarcely necessary to point out the difference which will be observed between the two products, and the obvious advantages both in uni- formity of the product and in saving of time, by the use of the official method. CHAPTER IV MIXING, GRANULATING, AND DRYING In the manufacture of compressed tablets, the limitation of the tablet machines of the market must be taken into consideration. Their construction is dealt with in another place. Suffice it to say here that up to the present time machines have not been devised which will readily compress fine powders. All material to be made into compressed tablets must be in the form of uniformly coarse powder (about a number 12 to 20) before feeding into the machine. The pro- cess of converting powders and other sub- stances into this condition is termed GRANULATING This is usually accomplished by moisten- ing the powders with a suitable liquid, mix- ing, forcing the slightly damp mass through a sieve (about a number 12 to 20), which forms the granules, drying, and again sift- ing. This is a brief outline ; the details are, perhaps, the most important part of the 24 MIXING, GRANULATING, DRYING 25 manufacture of compressed tablets, and require the exercise of particular care and effort on the part of the maker who would produce tablets of excellence. MIXING, GRANULATING, AND DRYING APPARATUS Small lots are most conveniently moistened and mixed in mortars. Large lots may also be handled in portions in mortars. A suit- able and convenient aid, however, is the mass mixer, such as is shown in Figure No. 7 or 8. It consists es- sentially of two spirals of heavily tinned iron, geared to revolve toward each other in an enameled iron box. The bottom of the box consists of two semi- cylinders joined together, in which the spirals revolve. With the occasional use of a spatula to scrape the spirals and box, the mass becomes perfectly moistened in a short time. Mass mixers are particularly use- ful for mixing solid extracts with pow- ders. A steam-jacketed mixer is often of 26 TABLET MANUFACTURE great assistance in quickly drying out Fig. No. 8 Power Mixer extract masses which would otherwise pre- sent great difficulty in drying ; such, for Fig. No. 9 Cylinder Mixer MIXING. GRANULATING, DRYING 27 example, as Viburnum Comp., and Cystitis masses. For the purpose of mixing substances such as those for effervescent tablets, in which massing together is to be avoided, another form of mixer is preferable. Instead of kneading, it whips the material in such a manner that it is kept in a light and granular condition. In fact, this style of mixer is adapted to the preparation of most com- pressed tablet mixtures, except those contain- ing large proportions of extracts or other tenacious ingredients. Figure No. 9 illus- trates an excellent form of this mixer, made by F. J. Stokes Machine Co., Philadelphia. Within the cylinder is a revolving shaft to which are attached spatula-like blades which lightly mix the material. In the trough at the top of the cylinder is placed the moistening agent, which gradually enters and evenly dampens the contents. The cylinder is held stationary when the machine is in operation, and is in- verted after removal of the cover, to empty. This form of mixer is also admirably adapted to the preparation of effervescent salts.^ ^See article by the author, "The Preparation of Effervescent Salts," Merck's Report, January, 1904, p. 6. 28 TABLET MANUFACTURE For the purpose of converting hard masses into granules, a mill is necessary. A suit- able form is shown in Figure No. lo. Such a mill is furnished either with a fly-wheel for hand-operation, or with pulleys for power. The large majority of granulations, how- ever, are prepared by forcing the moistened material through a sieve. These are best made of brass wire, numbers 12, 16, and 20 mesh, fastened to a rectangular frame of one- half inch maple or other hard, close-grained wood. The sieves of the market are unsat- isfactory for the purpose ; they are too light in construction to withstand the strain and are not of a shape to facilitate ready handling of the material. A convenient size for the sieve-frames is 17 inches* long, 12 inches wide, and 4 inches deep. The wire cloth is cut 18 by 13 inches, folded over one-half inch on each end and side, and held in place on the frame by four strips of hard wood about one inch in "depth," screwed to the frame through the wire cloth. By this * Seventeen inches is used because the wire "cloth "is made thirty-six inches wide. By cutting in half, two pieces each eighteen inches wide are obtained, allowing one-half inch to be turned over at each end. MIXING, GRANULATING, DRYING 29 construction the wire is readily replaced by new, when occasion demands. (See Figure No. II.) When using the sieve for granulat- ing purposes, it should be inverted. In this Fig No. ii Granulating Sieve position sufficient space is beneath the wire to allow the granules, as they pass through, to fall freely and without injury upon the paper which should be under the sieve. Small portions of moistened material are put on the sieve and forced through by the Fig. No. 12 Granulating Block palm of the hand, or, preferably, by means of a hard wood block. Such a block should be 30 TABLET MANUFACTURE i/^ inches about 4 to 5 inches long, 3 to wide, and 2 to 3 inches thick, and somewhat convex on its large surface. (See Figure No. 12.) Another very serviceable arrangement of sieves for granulating large lots of material Fig. No. 13 Granulating Sieve, Interchangeable is shown in Figure No. 13. The brass cloth may be fastened to the heavy wooden frame in the manner detailed above; or, better, it may be soldered to a frame of heavy sheet Fig, No. 14 Stokes' Wet Granulating Machine a. B 'S a; SI 2a MO"' £«''2 ■J « S ■gSss - o.°-? •°o .* ^.S-t! O- V rt ceo v ^ r V s V s C S i S" tS? fts o .« 01 K S S K„-° E OS 3^3 ^ "^ j^-O u m c ji a; ■» S K ^^ "■ 0.-° 2 ii oT o. o i, « §5^2^ "• I'SJ"^-^ IS •o-Csjga ..S• •2■VMS.SSo■ j,-j— Fast red E B, Fast red N S, Amaranth, Azoacidrubin B B, Bordeaux D H, Bordeaux S, Naphthol red S, Naph- thol red O, Victoria ruby, Wool red (extra). COLORING 89 Fast Red — Fast red E, Fast red S, Acid Carmoisin S. Ponceau 4 G B — Crocein Orange, Bril- liant Orange G, Orange G R X, Pyrotin Orange, Orange E N L, Metanitrazotin. Annatto. Saffron. Safflower. Turmeric. Naphthol Yellow S — Citronin A, Sulphur yellow S, Anilin yellow S, Anilin yellow, Suc- cinin. Saffron yellow, Solid yellow. Acid yellow S. Brilliant Yellow (Schoelkopf). Fast Yellow — Fast yellow G, Fast yellow (greenish), Fast yellow S, Acid yellow. New yellow L. Fast Yellow R. Azarin S. Orange — Orange G T, Orange R N, Bril- liant Orange O, Orange N. Spinach Green. Chinese Green. Malachite Green — Malachite green B, Belzaldehyde green. New Victoria green. New green. Solid green crystals. Solid 90 TABLET MANUFACTURE green O, Diamond green, Diamond green B, Fast green, Bitter Almond-oil green. Dinitrosoresorsin — Solid green O, in paste, Dark green, Chlorin, Russia green, Alsace green. Fast green, Resorcinol green. Indigo. Litmus. Archil Blue. Gentian Blue 6 B — Spirit Blue, Spirit Blue F C S, Opal Blue, Hessian Blue, Light Blue. Coupler's Blue — Fast Blue R and B, Solid Blue R R and B, Indigin D F, Indulin (solu- ble in alcohol), Indophenin extra, Blue C B (soluble in alcohol), Nigrosin (soluble in alcohol). In general such blue colors as are derived from Triphenylrosanilin or from Dipheny- lamin. Paris Violet— Methyl violet B and B B, Methyl violet V 3, Pyoktanin, Malbery blue. Wool Black. Naphthol Black P. Azoblue. Mauvein — Rosalan, Violet paste. Chrome violet, Anilin violet, Anilin purple, Perkins COLORING 91 violet, Indisin, Phenamin, Purpurin, Tyralin, Tyrian purple, Lydin. Caramel. Licorice. Chrysamin R. FORBIDDEN All colors containing appreciable amounts of mercury, lead, copper, arsenic, antimony, tin, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and barium. Ponceau j R B — Ponceau B extra. Fast Ponceau B, New Red L, Scarlet E C, Imperial Scarlet, Old Scarlet, Biebrich Scarlet. Crocein Scarlet j B — Ponceau 4 R B. Cochenille Red A — Crocein Scarlet 4 B and G, Brilliant Scarlet, Brilliant Ponceau 4 R, Ponceau 4 R, Ponceau Brilliant 4 R, New Coccin Scarlet. Crocein Scarlet 7 B — Crocein Scarlet 8 B, Ponceau 6 R B. Crocein Scarlet O Extra. Safranin — Safranin T, Safranin extra G, Safranin G extra, G G S S, Safranin G O O O, Safranin F F extra. No. O, Saf- ranin cone, Safranin A G extra, Safranin A G T extra, Anilin pink. 92 TABLET MANUFACTURE Gum Gutta. Picric Acid. Martius Yellow — Naphthylamin yellow, Jaune d'or, Manchester yellow, Naphthalene yellow, Naphthol yellow. Acme Yellow — Chrysoin, Chryseolin yel- low T, Gold yellow, Resorcin yellow, Acid yellow R S, Tropeolin O, Jaune II. Victoria Yellow — Victoria Orange, Anilin Orange, Dinitrocresol, Saffron Substitute, Golden yellow. Orange II — Orange II, Orange P, Orange extra, Orange A, Orange G, Acid Orange, Gold Orange, Mandarin G Extra, ;9-Naph- thol Orange, Tropeolin OOO2, Mandarin, Chrysaurin. Metanil Yellow — Orange M N, Tropeolin G, Victoria Yellow (O double cone), Jaune G, Metanil Extra. Sudun I — Carminnaphthe. Orange IV- — Orange IV, Orange N, Orange G S, New yellow, Acid yellow D, Tropeolin O O, Fast yellow, Diphenylorange, Diphenylamin Orange, Anilin yellow. Naphthol Green B. Methylene Blue B B (7— Methylene Blue B B, in powder extra, Methylene Blue COLORING 93 D B B, extra, Methylene Blue B B (crystal- line), Ethylene Blue, Methylene Blue B B. Bismarck Brown — Bismarck brown G, Manchester brown, Phenylene brown, Vesu- vin, Anilin brown. Leather brown, Cinna- mon brown, Canelle, English brown. Gold brown. Vesuvin B — Manchester brown E E, Manchester brown P S, Bismarck brown, Bismarck brown T. Fast Brown G — Acid brown. Chrysoidin — Chrysoidin G, Chrysoidin R, Chrysoidin J, Chrysoidin Y. The anilin colors of the above lists are kept in stock under the names given, by most, if not all, of the large dye-houses of the country. These firms issue catalogues which state the effect of certain acids and alkalies upon the colors. This information is usually given to inquirers. As the colors are used by tablet-makers chiefly for tablets of special formulas, often outside the realm of medicine, it is impossible to indicate here the particular color to use. Experiment readily determines the dye suitable for pro- ducing a certain color or shade with sub- 94 TABLET MANUFACTURE stances of similar chemical natures. Dyes of fanciful names are usually some of the above colors, renamed, and are of doubtful freedom from arsenic and are expensive. It is convenient to keep on hand small quantities of saturated alcoholic solutions of the dyes frequently used. As required, a definite amount of solution is mixed with the entire amount of moistening agent to be used in granulating. In fact, any coloring- agent in liquid form should be mixed, when- ever possible, with the entire amount of moistening-agent to be used, in order to insure even coloration. Natural colors are for the most part best kept in solution or tincture, and formulas serviceable for this purpose follow. CARMIN SOLUTION Carmin, No. 40 i ounce Ammonia water 2 drams Water to make i5 ounces. Mix the carmin with the ammonia pre- viously mixed with about two ounces of the water. Triturate until smooth. Gradually add the balance of the water, shaking occa- sionally until the carmin is practically dissolved. Filter. COLORING 95 This solution colors neutral or alkaline substances pink, but is unsuited for use with those possessing acid properties. CUDBEAR TINCTURE Cudbear 4 ounces Alcohol to make 16 ounces. This may be made equally well by macera- tion or percolation. It colors alkaline and neutral substances a purplish pink, and acid substances pink. The purplish cast may be largely counteracted by the addition of a small amount of caramel, though the brightness of the color is apt to be dimmed by the addition. Carmine solution is usually to be preferred. Alkanet Root Tincture. This is made exactly as Cudbear Tincture, using a moderately finely ground drug. It colors alkaline substances a good blue ; neutral, purplish pink ; and acid, pink. Curcuma {Turmeric^ Tincture. Made with stron;;;;^ alcohol in the proportion given under Cudbear Tincture, the product colors a bright, light yellow. Made with a menstruum of alcohol, two volumes, and water, one volume, a fair orange shade is produced. 96 TABLET MANUFACTURE CARAMEL SOLUTION Good Caramel i volume Water I volmne Mix thoroughly, using heat, if necessary. Caramel is suitable for producing light shades of brown. Difficulty in drying is experienced when sufficient quantity is used to produce a dark color. Recourse must be had, in such cases, to anilins. Black and Gray are best produced by pure Lampblack. For black, no talcum or boric acid should be used in lubricating ; their use produces gray. Better results are obtained by coloring tablets light tints rather than deep shades. Vegetable colors and anilins, when mixed with damp masses, collect at the surface as the masses dry out. This phenomenon (due to capillary attraction) is well illustrated in a moulded tablet containing a vegetable color, such as is present in any tincture. A broken tablet of this kind exhibits a nearly white center and deeply colored surface. The same conditions exist in a single granule. When, therefore, a deep color is given to a granula- tion, on becoming dry, the exterior of each COLORING 97 granule is much darker than the interior. The granules become more or less broken in sifting and compressing, resulting in tablets showing light and dark spots. If, on the other hand, the granulation be merely dis- tinctly tinted, the difference between the shades of color is scarcely noticeable, and tablets of even color result. CHAPTER VIII CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS This important subject, the first step in actual tablet-manufacture, is dependent for its correct treatment upon a general knowl- edge of processes employed, the application of excipients, and the physical and chemical properties of the ingredients of the tablets to be made. In the foregoing chapters the author has endeavored to make clear the processes of manufacture, and the application of excipients. The properties of the ingre- dients are assumed to be known, and are, at all events, of easy access to the tablet-maker in many books of reference, such as the Dis- pensatories, Remington's Practice of Phar- macy, Coblentz' Handbook of Pharmacy, and others. SYSTEMS OF WEIGHT The system of weights to be used is of course optional. Arguments for and against the three systems — avoirdupois, apotheca- ries', and metric — are legion. The author has CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 99 used each for long periods both on the small and large scale, and without hesitation en- dorses the avoirdupois for tablet-manufac- ture, for the following reasons : First, it is based on the grain as a unit of weight, which is as yet almost universally used in this country for the indication of doses. The use of the metric system neces- sitates constant conversion from grains to grams. Second, substances entering into the composition of tablets are purchased by avoirdupois weight, and hence the use of the same system simplifies figuring tablet costs. In using this system (which is used throughout this book) it is most convenient to make 7000 (or a multiple or fraction of 7000) tablets at one time. As the avoir- dupois pound contains 7000 grains it follows that if 7000 tablets of — say — Calomel, one grain, are made, one pound of calomel is required ; if 7000 one-fourth grain, then one- fourth pound ; five grain, five pounds ; etc. In other words, whatever number of grains enter into one tablet, the same number of pounds enter into 7000 tablets. In this lies 100 TABLET MANUFACTURE the extreme simplicity and partial safeguard from error. In writing working-formulas, it is custom- ary to place before each medicament, the number of grains required for one tablet, and after the medicament, in the same line, the quantity required for the lot, thus : Grains For 7000 3 Acetanilid 3 lb. 2 Quinine Sulphate 2 lb. yi Codeine Sulphate 2 oz. As compressed triturate tablets consist essentially of a small quantity of medica- ment diluted to a definite quantity with a base, while compressed tablets proper consist of a larger quantity of medica- ment, diluted as little as is necessary to yield a tablet which will be readily solu- ble, or will freely disintegrate, it is conven- ient to consider them, in formulating as separate classes. COMPRESSED TRITURATE TABLETS These are usually compressed in a 7-32 inch die, in which die i J^ grains form a tablet of proper shape, and this size is here assumed as a standard. While a 3-16 inch die is used CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 101 for triturates by some manufacturers, it is too small to be used upon machines intended to compress large tablets as well. Small, fast- running machines, usually multiple, are used for these small-sized triturates, which appear to offer few advantages over the 7-32 inch size. It was stated (p. 39) that equal parts of cane- and milk-sugar formed an excellent base. Without medicament, then, the for- mula for 7000 triturate tablets is (a) Cane-sugar lo oz. Milk-sugar lo oz. iXlb. Moistening agent, water (about 2 ounces). Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij^ grains. With this formula as a starting-point, a general formula is X grains Medicament x lb. Cane-sugar Milk-sugar Of each enough to make ij^ pounds. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, I J^ grains. In formulating triturate tablets, the solu- bility of the medicament must be considered, as well as the proportion in which it enters into the tablets. Cane-sugar is soluble in about one half its weight of water at ordinary 102 TABLET MANUFACTURE temperature, while milk-sugar is soluble in about five times its weight, an average of 2^ times their weight. The medicament entering into the tablets should displace an equal weight of the cane- or milk-sugar or of a mixture having as nearly as possible the solubility of the medicament. The object is to produce a granulation having about the solubility of equal parts cane- and milk- sugar. As illustrations, Citrated Caffeine, 5^ grain, and Calomel, ^ grain, serve well. The citrated caffeine has about the same solubility as cane-sugar ; hence in the for- mula (a) above, the amount of medicament required replaces that amount of cane- sugar : ^ Citrated Caffeine 4 oz. Cane-sugar 6 oz. Milk-sugar lo oz. I^lb. In the case of the calomel, we have an insoluble salt, and hence should replace the less soluble milk-sugar : yi Calomel 2 oz. Cane-sugar lo oz. Milk-sugar 8 oz. CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 103 Triturate tablets of greater weight than I J^ grains are often required, because of (a) the high specific gravity of one or more ingredients, or because of (b) the custom of compressing certain formulas in a 7-32 inch die, which from their weight would ordinarily be made in a larger die. Illustrative of the former (a) are triturate tablets of calomel, mercuric iodide, mercurous iodide, reduced iron and its combinations, etc., in strengths exceeding y( grain. By reason of their small volume, it is necessary to increase the quantity of base used with these substances in order to produce tablets of the usual thickness. One-quarter grain of any of the chemicals named above should be diluted to weigh i j4 grains ; j4 grain to 1 5^ grains ; and one grain to two grains. Thus the formula for Mercurous Iodide, ]/i grain, is y^ Mercurous Iodide 8 02. Cane-sugar 14 oz. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Die, 7-32 inch ; weight, \^ grains. As illustrations of "bulky" formulas (b), Citrated Caffeine, i gr. ; Calomel, Ipecac, and 104 TABLET MANUFACTURE Soda ; Heart Stimulant, No. i ; and Pepsin, I gr., are good examples. While a few of this class of tablets can be compressed into the usual size and shape, it is at the expense of solubility or disintegration ; but as the 7-32 inch die is the customary size for those tablets whose combined medicinal ingredients do not exceed one grain, a heavier and thicker tablet containing proper excipients should be made. Citrated Caffeine, i grain. (Very soluble medicament.) I Citrated Caffeine i lb. Milk-sugar 8 oz. i>^lb. Die, 7-32 inch ; weight, \% grains. Calomel, Ipecac, and Soda. (Bulky, and medicaments weigh more than one grain. Customary triturate.) i-S Calomel 1400 gr. i-io Ipecac, po 700 gr. I Sodium Bicarb 1 lb. Cane-sugar 3'So gr. Die, 7-32 inch ; weight, \'i^ grains. Heart Stimulant No. i. (Requiring con- CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 105 siderable excipient to evenly distribute the extracts derived from the tinctures.) j4 Tinct. Belladonna, U. S. P., 1890, = 1-27 i^/. £xt 260 min. 2 Tinct. Digitalis, U. S. P., 1890,= 3-10 J^. Ext 21CX) min. 2 Tinct. Strophanthus, U. S. P., 1890,= 30 fl. oz.^ I -100 Nitroglycerin = i-io gr. lofo solution "joo gr. Starch S o^. Cane-sugar 6 oz. Milk-sugar , . \\^ oz. Die, 7-32 inch ; weight, \% grains. In this case the proper quantities of fluid extracts (or even solid extracts) may be used in place of the tinctures, provided, of course, it is known that they fully represent their respective drugs. The alcohol is distilled or evaporated from the first three ingredients and the concentrated tincture further care- fully evaporated to a soft extract. While still warm, the excipients are thoroughly mixed in and the mass forced through a num- ber 16 sieve. The granulation being thor- oughly dried, and sifted, the solution (ten per cent.) of nitroglycerin is poured on, mixed In lightly but thoroughly, and the whole dried H3r, Tinct. Strophanthus, U. S. P., Eighth Revision, 15 fl. oz. 106 TABLET MANUFACTURE again, when it is ready for lubrication and compression. The determination of the quantities and kinds of excipients in this formula is made as follows : Belladonna leaf and digitalis yield about twenty-five per cent, of their weight in solid extract. Their fluid extracts, representing volume for weight of drug, yield the same. Then the combined volumes, 2360 minims yield about 590 grains of extract. Thirty fluid ounces of Tinct. Strophanthus represent about i^ ounces of drug, yield- ing about ten per cent., or 70 grains of solid extract, making a total of 660 grains. Solid extracts (p. 48) lose about twenty-five per cent, of their weight in drying out, the 660 grains thus yielding about 495 grains dry extract. Adding to this 70 grains of nitroglycerin (from the 700 grains of ten per cent, solution) gives a total of 565 grains of dry medicinal constituents. In order to absorb these extracts, in a moist state, so that the finished tablets will have an even color, it is necessary to make the weight at least i^ grains each, or ij^ pounds for 7000. That a tablet may disinte- CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 107 grate readily it requires from fifteen per cent, to twenty per cent, of its total weight of starch (p. 41). Five ounces is a convenient quan- tity. Six ounces of cane-sugar is ample for adhesive purposes, and the sum of the weights of all these ingredients subtracted from lyi pounds leaves 11^ ounces to be added. Milk-sugar is indicated in the double capacity of absorbent and base. Pepsin, I grain I Pepsin, insoluble, powd I lb. Starch 5 oz. Milk-sugar 3 oz. Moistening agent, diluted alcohol. Die, 7-32 inch ; weight, l^ grains. Insoluble pepsin is preferred for tablet use, because it is less hygroscopic and more readily manipulated than the soluble variety. No cane-sugar should be used with pepsin because of its tendency to increase difficulty in drying out. COMPRESSED TABLETS PROPER. The construction of formulas for com- pressed tablets proper is perhaps best shown by an examination of typical formulas of various classes. 108 TABLET MANUFACTURE I. Acetanilid, Aromatic. (Type of tablets containing insoluble chemical requiring dis- integrating powder, colored and flavored.) 5 Acetanilid S ^''■ I-20 Oil Wintergreen 3So min. Erythrosin D 5° gr- Starch I lb. 3 oz. Milk-sugar 2 oz. Granulate with 8 ounces \ Acacia ... 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste, J Starch ... I oz. Total weight 6^ lb. Die, ^ inch ; weight, 6^ grains. Following the principles laid down for the treatment of insoluble medicaments (p. 46), the first requirement is. starch for disintegra- tion. Twenty per cent, of the total weight of the granulation is the proper amount, and by taking twenty-five per cent, of the weight of the medicament, i J^ pounds, a close approximation is obtained. From this, a 6^ grain tablet may be figured upon, or 6^ pounds for 7000 tablets. Starch is well introduced in all three ways in this tablet (p. 41): as powder, mixed with the acetanilid and other excipients; as paste, in conjunction with acacia ; and as powder added to the granula- tion. The I J^ pounds is divided as follows ; -eight ounces of acacia-starch-paste (p. 43) CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 109 contains i ^ ounces starch ; from three to five per cent, of the total weight, or, for con- venience here, 2 ^ ounces, may be added in powder to the finished granulation ; and there remains just one pound to be mixed and granulated. Two per cent, of acacia in solution is ample for adhesion ; eight ounces of acacia-starch-paste contains two ounces acacia, a sufficient quantity. This, how- ever, will not moisten the powders enough for granulation and must be supplemented with water. In the latter, the color is dis- solved and the solution mixed with the paste. The total weight of ingredients so far taken is 6 pounds 6 ounces, two ounces less than the required weight of 6j4 pounds, which weight is used for convenience in ad- justing the finished tablets to the nearest quarter-grain, or 6}4 grains. Milk Sugar is best used in this case because, even in small proportion here required, it tends to prevent capping. The mixing of such a formula as this is best accomplished, on the small scale, by strong trituration with mortar and pestle ; on the large scale, in a spiral mixer (p. 26), until the color is uniformly distributed. Forced no TABLET MANUFACTURE through a number 12 to 16 sieve, dried, and sifted again through a sieve of the same mesh, the granulation is ready for the addi- tion of flavoring oil (p. 51), powdered starch (withheld for this purpose), and any neces- sary lubricant. Lubricating oil is unneces- sary with properly granulated acetanilid, and talcum is not always required, but, of course, may be used when necessary, up to two or three per cent. 2. Alum Comp. for Injection. (Type of tablet to be used for making a clear solution, and containing salts with water of crystal- lization.) 2>^ Alum 2 lb. 8 oz. 2 Zinc Sulphate 2 lb. 1-32 Morphine Sulphate 219 gr. I Fluid Ext. Hydrastis, colorless, = \-^ ^wa. Hydrastine Sulphate . . I7S g'^- Milk-sugar 12 oz. Gine-sugar . I2J^ oz. Boric Acid, powdered 4 oz. Total weight, dry 5 lb. Die, 11-32 inch ; weight, 5 grains. Heated at 125° F., alum loses twenty-eight per cent, of its weight, or, of the above quantity, 1 1 ounces, leaving dry weight for the granula- tion, I pound 1 3 ounces. Zinc Sulphate, heat- CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 111 ed likewise, loses thirty-one per cent, of its weight,' or lo ounces, leaving dry i pound 6 ounces. These losses are made up with cane- and milk-sugars. The salts are weighed and dried out at the proper temperature, sifted (at least as fine as number 60), and mixed with the other ingredients. The morphine sul- phate requires no comment. The fluid ex- tract hydra;stis, colorless, is figured on the as- say of standard drug, containing two and one- half per cent, hydrastine (white alkaloid). No allowance has been made for the slightly larger amount of the sulphate, which strictly represents 1-40 grain of the alkaloid, because of its greater solubility. To insure even dis- tribution of small quantities of alkaloidal salts they should be dissolved in water, with which the mixed powders (except the boric acid) are then granulated with water. The drying should be conducted at a temperature slightly above 125° F. Oil, of course, is not to be used as a lubricant in tablets for solu- tion, except as a last resort. It is usually unnecessary with this formula, but a larger percentage than usual is required of boric acid. Allowance is therefore made in con- structing the formula. 112 TABLET MANUFACTURE 3. Viburnum Comp. (Type of tablet consisting chiefly of solid extracts.) 1 Extract Black Haw I lb. I Extract Cramp Bark I lb. l/i Extract Unicom Root, true 8 oz. J^ Extract Unicom Root, false 8 oz. }i Extract Squaw Vine 8 oz. % Caulophyllin 4 oz. Starch 16 oz. Yellow Dextrin 8 oz. Liquorice Root, powdered lo oz. Total weight, dry 5 lb. In this tablet the extracts are mixed and reduced as described on page 49, and the balance of the ingredients mixed in at the proper point. When dry and cool, the mass is ground to a number 16 or 20 granule, with precaution to avoid fine powder. The amount of starch used is figured as usual. The drying out of the extracts is assumed to occasion a loss of twenty-five per cent, of their weight. Yellow dextrin is used to give stability to the mass, and liquorice root serves well as an absorbent and in adjusting the weight. It will often happen that the dry weight varies from the calculated weight, due to varying amounts of moisture in the extracts. In such cases, allowance must be made in the weight of the tablets, CONSTRUCTION OF FORMULAS 113 when compressing. Oil is the best lubricant for this class of tablets, for reasons stated in the chapter on lubricating. When proper facilities are at hand, the drugs which represent the extracts required are mixed, exhausted with seventy-one per cent, alcohol (alcohol, 3 volumes, water, i volume). The alcohol is, of course, recov- ered by distillation, and the extract reduced to brittleness, and treated as above. This method is profitably applied to tablets con- sisting chiefly of extracts of several kinds. It thus avoids the necessity of carrying in stock a variety of extracts having use in only one kind of tablet. 4. Lozenges, Brown Mixture and Am- monium Chloride. 85 min. Brown Mixture. 2 Ext. Liquorice, powdered 2 lb. 1-18 Opium, powdered 390 gr. 1-18 Acid, Benzoic 390 gr. 1-18 Camphor 39° gr- 1-18 Oil Anise 390 min. 1-44 Tartar Emetic 160 gr. 3 Ammonium Chloride, powdered ... 3 lb. Cane-sugar, powdered .... 14 lb. 4^ oz. Tragacanth, powdered 8 oz. 20 lb. Die, % inch ; weight, 20 grains. 8 114 TABLET MANUFACTURE The weight of extract of liquorice used is more than 85 minims of Brown Mixture requires. It is used to render the lozenges' more palatable. Tragacanth is used as the adhesive in order to make the lozenges " smooth" while dissolving on the tongue, as well as hard. In mixing and granulating, the following procedure should be carried out: Mix the powdered opium, benzoic acid, and tartar emetic. Mix these with the extract liquorice, ammonium chloride, sugar, and tragacanth. Moisten, and granulate through number 1 6 sieve. Dry and sift. Mix the oil of anise with ij^ ounces lubricating oil, and dissolve the camphor in the mixture, using gentle heat if necessary. Mix and com- press. Talc is occasionally required. CHAPTER IX TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES Acetanilid. — Adhesive, acacia, two per cent, to three per cent, in mucilage. Disinte- grator, starch, fifteen per cent, to twenty per cent., partly in paste. Lubricant, oil ; talc seldom necessary. Small propor- tion milk-sugar tends to prevent capping. One per cent, solution of glycerin in diluted alcohol, sprayed on dry granula- tion, often remedies capping (See p. 82). Acid, Arsenous. — Best kept in the form of a trituration to facilitate accurate weigh- ing. Arsenous Acid i part Milk-sugar 9 parts To make 10 parts Treatment follows general method for triturate tablets (See p. loi). Acid, Boric. — Adhesive, cane-sugar, twenty per cent. Lubricant, five per cent, of the boric acid, withheld from granulation. Addy Salicylic. — Adhesive, acacia, two per cent, to three per cent, in mucilage. 115 il6 TABLET MANUFACTURE Disintegrator, starch, fifteen per cent, to twenty per cent., partly in paste. Lubricant, oil and talc. Avoid contact with iron. Acid, Tannic. — Generally used in combi- nation. Should be added, in fine powder, to other ingredients after they have been moistened for granulation. Avoid con- tact with iron. Alain. — One-half grain or less, general trit- urate method (p. loi). Over one-half grain, same treatment but larger tablet. Alum. — Loses about twenty-eight per cent, of its weight in drying at 1 2 5 ° F. Should be weighed out, then dried, before mixing and granulating. Adhesive, cane-sugar, ten per cent, to twenty per cent. Lubri- cant, boric acid, two per cent, to five per cent. Ammonium Bromide. — Alone, the granular salt, number 20 to 30, of snowy white- ness, should be used. Dry thoroughly at low temperature, and compress while still warm. No lubricant or excipient. In combination with other than white substances, the fine powder should be used. Avoid excess of moisture. In INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 117 combination with other white ingredients, the granular salt may be mixed with the balance of the granulation just before compressing. Ammonium Chloride. — Treatment same as Ammonium Bromide. Ammonium, Iodide. — Treatment same as Ammonium Bromide. Amm.onium' Salicylate. — Treatment same as Sodium Salicylate. Antipyrine. — Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Blaud Mass. — The potassium carbonate is mixed with the crystalline ferrous sul- phate (previously ground coarsely). Cane-sugar in sufficient quantity to replace the water of crystallization in the iron salt (forty-five per cent, of its weight) is added at once ; also enough milk-sugar to make up the total weight to the desired point. The mixture is heated on a water- or steam-bath, with constant stirring, until dry. Should re- action fail to commence shortly after the application of heat, a very small quantity of water is added. The addition, how- ever, is rarely necessary. 118 TABLET MANUFACTURE In combination, the other medicaments and their excipients are mixed with the Blaud mass, toward the end of the above operation. Blue Mass. — The ofificial mass, without glycerin, may be treated as a solid extract (See p. 48). A more satis- factory tablet may be made by using a corresponding quantity of Mercury with Chalk in its stead. The latter is treated as Acid, Salicylic. Caffeine. — One grain or less, general tritu- rate method (p. loi). Over one grain, same treatment, but larger tablet. Caffeine, Citrated. — On account of extreme solubility, citrated caffeine should replace the cane-sugar in the general triturate formula (p. loi). In tablets containing one grain or over, milk-sugar is a sat- isfactory excipient. Avoid contact with iron. In combination with acetanilid, citrated caffeine liberates acetic acid ; hence, in formulas calling for these two compounds the citrated caffeine should be replaced by a correspond- ing quantity (fifty per cent.) of the alka- loid. INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 119 Calcium Sulphide (So called). — General triturate method (p. loi). Calomel. — One grain or less, general tritu- rate method (p. loi). On account of high specific gravity, tablets to contain J^ grain should be made to weigh ij^ grains; yi grain, i^ grains ; and one grain, two grains ; all on 7-32 inch die. Over one grain calomel, same treatment as Acid, Salicylic. Camphor. — Owing to its volatile nature, camphor should be subjected to the least possible exposure to air or heat. Its tendency to cause picking is frequently a source of annoyance. In small pro- portions (five per cent, or less) it is best added to the otherwise finished granu- lation, in the form of a fine granule (number 40 or 50), lubricated with talcum before adding. This method is obviously permissible only when ■ the balance of the granulation is white. In other cases it must be subjected to the usual process of mixing and granulating, and drying quickly at low tempera- ture. Adhesive, acacia, two per cent, to three per cent., preferably in muci- 120 TABLET MANUFACTURE lage. Disintegrator, starch, fifteen per cent, to twenty per cent. Lubricant, talc. Camphor, Monobromated. — While this and some other chemicals, such as terpin hydrate, salol, etc., can be compressed without previous treatment, they should, because of their insolubility, always be granulated with starch. Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Cannabin. — Treatment same as Aloin. Cascarin. — ^Treatment same as Aloin. Mag- nesium carbonate is a good absorbent, particularly if the cascarin has not been thoroughly freed from the oil of cascara, extracted with it in course of its manu- facture. Catechu. — Treatment same as Aloin. Cerium Oxalate. — ^Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Charcoal ( Wood). — ^Wood charcoal is the least cohesive drug with which the tablet- maker has to deal, and is a difficult one to compress. For this reason some makers have been known to take the bull by the horns and use animal char- coal in its stead, which makes a most INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 121 beautiful tablet. As wood charcoal is always expected by prescribers, the practice of using animal charcoal in its place is not recommended. Adhesives, cane-sugar, twenty per cent., with gelatin or tragacanth (in mucilage), ten per cent. Lubricant, when necessary, oil. Tal- cum produces a gray color. It frequently happens that such a granulation when dry will not form tab- lets of sufificient hardness. When this is the case, the thoroughly dried granu- lation is moistened slightly by spraying with water, and compressed in this con- dition. The damp tablets are then spread out to dry, when they will harden. This is the only substance in the author's experience (with the exception of Ace- tanilid, q. v. ) which should not be per- fectly dry during compression. It is essential, however, that the granulation be thoroughly dried before moistening a second time, in order that it may feed evenly into the die. In combination, the characteristic ab- sence of cohesion should be kept in 122 TABLET MANUFACTURE mind, always, however, using as little adhesive material as will accomplish the desired result. Chloral, Hydrated. — This is an extremely soluble compound and somewhat hygro- scopic in moist air. Cool, dry weather should, as far as possible, be selected for its manipulation. Under these con- ditions, it is readily passed through a number i6 sieve and compressed with- out excipient or lubricant. Cinchonine Sulphate and Cinchonidine Sul- phate {and Salicylate^. — Treatment same as Quinine Sulphate, Cocaine Hydrochloride. — This salt is rarely compressed except in combination. The usual I y^ and 2 J^ grain tablets for solu- tion should be moulded. In combina- tion, it should be dissolved in the mois- tening agent, to insure perfect subdi- vision and admixture. Codeine and its Salts. — General triturate method (p. loi). Copper Arsenite. — General triturate method (p. lOl). Corrosive Sublimate (Mercuric Chloride). — This salt has, as its name implies, a cor- INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 123 rosive action upon organic compounds ; hence, sugars, starch, and other usual excipients are unsuited for use with it. The excipients generally used are am- monium chloride, sodium chloride, citric acid, and tartaric acid. As the solubility of corrosive subHmate is greatly increased by admixture with these compounds, the latter serve in double capacity. The chlorides act as lubricants as well as solvents, while the acids are also claimed to enhance the antiseptic value of corrosive sublimate by preventing the precipitation of albu- men when the solution is applied to the tissues of the body. Powdered corrosive sublimate of snowy whiteness should be used. Am- monium or sodium chloride, as the case may require, should be granular, and also snow-white. The powder is mixed with the granular salt, moistened with alcohol, and, without sifting, spread out on paper to dry, lubricated with boric acid, and compressed warm. Avoid contact with metal, especially when the granulation is moist. 124 TABLET MANUFACTURE For colored tablets, the color should be dissolved in the alcohol used for moistening ; it is also better to use a very fine (number 40 or 50) granular ammonium or sodium salt to produce an even color. For triturate tablets of corrosive sub- limate, dissolve the medicament in enough alcohol to moisten the base, which best consists of one of the above- named granular salts. It is an extremely difficult matter to compress tablets of corrosive sublimate in combination with citric or tartaric acid. Consequently such tablets are usually moulded. Avoid personal contact with corrosive sublimate, especially in cuts, and avoid breathing in its dust. Creosote. — This refers to beechwood creo- sote ; the commercial creosote, so-called (crude carbolic acid), has no place in tablets. The treatment is the same as for oils and is fully considered under that heading, on page 5 1 . Digitalin. — General triturate method (p. 101). The ' ' German' ' digitalin is in general use. INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 125 Dover's Powder. — The usual strengths called for are the y^, i, lyi, and 5 grain. The yi and I grain receive the general triturate method. The 23^ and 5 grain are each made in two forms : a triturate tablet representing the stated quantity of Dover's Powder, and a compressed tablet containing that quantity. In the former, the proper weights of powdered opium and powdered ipecac are made into triturate tablets ; in the latter the full quantity of Dover's powder is granulated with syrup and water (about two volumes of syrup and one of water), and compressed full weight. Lubricants, oil and talcum. Ergotin. — Same treatment as Extracts. Extracts. — See page 48. Fowler s Solution. — The corresponding quan- tity of Potassium Arsenite is used. (See p. 134). Gold and Sodium Chloride. — Same treat- ment as Corrosive Sublimate, triturates. Guaiac {Resin). — As powdered guaiac usually contains more or less guaiac wood, which is irritating to the throat, care should be taken to use an article 126 TABLET MANUFACTURE free from that objection. For lozenges, the powder is diluted with sugar and granulated with tragacanth, five per cent, (in mucilage). In combination, it is treated much as an extract. In throat tablets, insoluble excipients should be omitted. Heroin and its Salts. — General triturate method (p. loi). Iron, Reduced. — Mostly used in 3^ or i grain strength in combination. As it is of high specific gravity, the weights of tablets containing it should be increased, as in calomel tablets (which see). When the weight of a tablet containing reduced iron will allow the use of about fifty per cent, of the weight of the iron in excipients, cane-sugar should be used. If this quantity will make too large a tablet, as much cane-sugar as possible should be used and supplemented with acacia (in ten per cent, mucilage) and starch. Lubricants, oil and talcum. Lead Acetate. — Heated at io4°F., this salt loses about fourteen per cent, of its weight, water of crystallization. It is particularly troublesome in regard to INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 127 picking and sticking. Treatment: Dry out ; add about twenty-five per cent, of its weight boric acid; granulate with syrup, three volumes, and water, one volume ; lubricate with five per cent, to ten per cent, boric acid. Lime. — The lime-water tablets of the market are legion, but few are of value. They are made usually, if not always, of slaked lime, which is practically worth- less for the purpose, because, in drying out, a considerable part of the calcium hydroxide is converted into calcium carbonate. Freshly burnt white marble or oyster-shell lime, in lumps, should be quickly broken with a hammer, ground to a number 12 granule, and the dust which will sift through a number 50 or 60 sieve discarded. Lubricated with about ten per cent, of talcum, and heated in a hot dryer, little difficulty is encoun- tered in compressing. The tablets should be put immediately into dry, hot bottles, corked and sealed with an air-proof cap of paraffin, sealing-wax, or gelatin. In this condition, they will 128 TABLET MANUFACTURE keep indefinitely, and used in proper proportion will produce full strength lime-water. It is advisable to put not more than lOO tablets in one bottle, in order to prevent slaking by air when the bottle is opened. Lithium Benzoate. — Diluent, milk-sugar, fifteen per cent, to twenty per cent. Adhesive, cane-sugar (as syrup). Lubri- cants, oil and talcum. Very soluble; avoid excess of moistening agent. Lithium Carbonate. — Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Lithium Citrate. — Treatment same as Lith- ium Benzoate. For effervescent tablets, see page 55. Lithium Salicylate. — Treatment same as Sodium Salicylate. Manganese Dioxide — The U. S. P., Eighth Revision, recognizes only the precipitated variety, which should of course be used exclusively. Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Menthol. — This volatile solid is best dis- solved in any required medicinal oil (or, in the latter's absence, lubricating oil), and added to the dry granulation. INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 129 Mercury with Chalk. — Treatment same as Calomel. Mercury [ic) Biniodide {Red). — General triturate method (p. loi). See also re- marks concerning weights of tablets under Mercury Protiodide. Mercury [pus] Protiodide {Yellow'). — Gen- eral triturate method. Must be care- fully protected from light during all stages of preparation. Bottles should be wrapped in paper impervious to light. Tablets containing J^ grain should weigh i^ grains; yi grain, 1 5^ grains. Mercury {ic) Chloride. — See Corrosive Sublimate. Mercury {pus) Chloride. — See Calomel. Morphine Sulphate — General triturate method. Nitroglycerin. — ^The ten per cent, solution should be used. Avoid lights and fires. Also avoid personal contact with the liquid ; it is dangerous in certain heart affections, and is productive of intense headache. The required quantity of the solution is mixed with a base of equal parts cane- and milk-sugar ; dried 9 130 TABLET MANUFACTURE sufficiently, if necessary, to allow the addition of water for the purpose of granulation. General triturate method (p. lOl). Opium, powdered. — General triturate method (p. lOl). Papain, Papoid, etc. — Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Pancreatin. — Treatment same as Pepsin. Pepsin. — The insoluble variety is preferred for tablet-making, being less hygroscopic than the granular or scale pepsin. The addition of 20 per cent, of its weight of milk-sugar and granulation with alcohol produces an excellent tablet. Starch, also, answers well with the same treat- ment. In combination, the hygroscopic nature of pepsin should be borne in mind, and aqueous fluids be avoided as far as possible. Phenacetine. — Treatment same as Acetanilid. Phosphorus. — General triturate method. The required amount is dissolved in chloro- form and mixed with the dry granulation. The weight of chloroform should be about two per cent, of the weight of the granulation. In large lots, the chloro- INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 131 form may be saturated with the phos- phorus, added to a portion of the granu- lation, and this subsequently mixed with the balance. In all cases, the granula- tion, after being moistened with the solution, should be spread out in a cool place and mixed lightly by hand, until the chloroform has evaporated (no longer), then lubricated and compressed at once. The tablets, of course, should be bottled immediately, to prevent oxida- tion of the phosphorus. Great caution must be observed in keeping and handling phosphorus. It is best kept immersed in water in a stone or porcelain jar. In weighing, first bal- ance on the scales a suitable vessel such as a porcelain capsule containing water. Grasp a piece of phosphorus with a pair of forceps or tweezers and cut it as nearly as possible to the correct size, under water. Remove the excess of water quickly from the cut piece by means of filter- or blotting-paper and place in the vessel on the scale. When the required weight is obtained dry each piece separately as before and place in 132 TABLET MANUFACTURE the chloroform, contained in a bottle. To assist solution, the bottle may be placed in warm (not hot) water, and frequently shaken. Never handle phos- phorus with the fingers. Many serious accidents have happened to over-confi- dent ones, neglecting this precaution. Phytolacca {Poke) Juice. — This should be expressed from the just ripe, fresh ber- ries. A measured amount is brought to a boil in a tinned copper or agate-ware vessel, and strained. It is then concen- trated at once, by gentle heat, to a soft extract. At this point a mixture of three parts milk-sugar and one part starch is added to the extract, in the proportion of twelve ounces of the mixture to each pint of juice used. After drying, milk- sugar is added in sufficient quantity to make each grain represent one minim of juice. The whole is then powdered and is designated Poke-juice Trituration, I grain = / minim. When a vacuum- pan with stirrer is available the process is best conducted therein, exactly as in making a powdered extract. As the characteristic color of fresh poke-juice is INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 133 not permanent in a moist condition, it is advisable for the manufacturer to pre- pare in the early autumn a sufficient amount of this trituration to supply his needs for the coming year. For the preparation of tablets, see Formulary, p. 196. Podophyllin. — General triturate method (p. loi). As podophyllin in contact with the eye produces a very painful and at times lasting form of conjunctivitis, great caution should be used in its handling. Potassium Ar senile. — This salt is quickly reduced by sugars, in the presence of water, to black metallic arsenic and other products. Hence, sugars or other reducing agents are unsuited for use in tablets containing this salt. Granular ammonium or sodium chloride forms an admirable base for potassium arsenite. The best method of procedure is to mix the finely powdered arsenite with the granular salt, and moisten slightly with water. Spread out to dry, sift, and compress without lubricant. The resulting tablets are highly soluble and permanent. 134 TABLET MANUFACTURE The use of potassium arsenate or arsenous acid in place of potassium arsenite, as practiced by various manu- facturers, is to be deprecated. When Fowler's solution is indicated in tablet form, the equivalent in po- tassium arsenite should be used. 5 min. Fowler's Solution = about 1-20 grain Potassium Arsenite. 2 min. Fowler's Solution :^ about 1-50 grain Potassium Arsenite. I min. Fowler's Solution = about l-ioo grain Potassium Arsenite. PotassiumBicarbonate. — This should be sifted, number 12 to 16, and dried, to remove any moisture contained in the crystals. It usually requires no lubricant. Potassium Bromide. — Treatment same as Ammonium Bromide. Potassium Chlorate. — This salt occurs in the market in three forms : large crystals (French) ; small crystals (English) ; and powdered. The French variety is prer ferred for making compressed tablets. The crystals are lightly ground in a per- fectly clean mill, sifted number 16, and compressed hard without lubricant. The English variety requires no treatment. INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 135 other than warming, previous to com- pressing, but, as the crystals are in the form of small flakes, it is difficult to compress them into tablets of sufficient hardness. In combination, the powdered form should be used, and handled with the usual precautions. It is dangerous in combination with ammonium salts and organic substances. With these it should never be triturated except in moist condition. When necessary to mix in a dry state, the mixing should be done lightly by hand or spatula. Potassium Iodide. — ^Treatment same as Ammonium Bromide. Potassium Nitrate. — Treatment same as Potassium Bicarbonate. Potassium Permanganate. — This salt should be sifted, number 1 6 or 20. It may then usually be compressed. If capping per- sists, it may usually be remedied by sifting out the fine powder (number 50 or 60) and adding to the remaining granulation two or three per cent, of its weight of sodium bicarbonate. No lubricant is necessary. 136 TABLET MANUFACTURE Quinine Bisulphate. — Treatment same as Lithium Benzoate. Quinine Sulphate. — This salt efHoresces slowly in the air, and quite rapidly when heated. Exposed for a few hours to a temperature of ioo° to 125° F., it loses about 10.5 per cent, of its weight of water of crystallization. This refers to the U. S. P. salt containing seven molecules of water. Some manufacturers prepare a quinine sulphate containing an excess of water. The method adopted by large users of quinine to prevent loss and to insure uniformity of strength is to dry the salt at a temperature of about 125° F. for several hours, and then add 1 1.5 per cent, of the weight, dried, of powdered starch. The resulting mixture is of uniform U. S. P. strength, and is used instead of the crystallized salt in com- pressed-tablet formulas. It is designated " Quinine frituration." Treatment of the Trituration. — ^Adhe- sives, sugar, 10 per cent., and acacia, 5 per cent. Disintegrator, starch, 10 per cent, (in addition to that contained in the trituration). INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 137 As much as possible of the starch and acacia should be used in the form of acacia-starch-paste (p. 43). Lubricants, oil and talcum (the latter mixed with starch). Rhubarb. — This is usually in combination with sodium bicarbonate or magnesium car- bonate. In order to prevent discolora- tion of the rhubarb by the action of the alkali upon it, recourse must be had to separate granulation. The rhubarb is well granulated with water alone. After drying and sifting, it is mixed with the alkaline granulation made as follows : Sodium Bicarb., q. s.. Curcuma Powd., 3 per cent, of the weight of the Soda, Alcoholic Tinct. Shellac (orange), ten per cent, strength, enough to granulate. The shellac here serves a double pur- pose : first, as an adhesive ; second, as a preventive of reaction between the rhubarb and alkali. The curcuma colors the alkaline granulation so as to closely match the rhubarb in color, and thus produce a tablet of even color. In small quantities, powdered rhubarb, mixed with an equal weight of sodium 138 TABLET MANUFACTURE bicarbonate, may be compressed without previous treatment, or lubricant, produc- ing a very handsome tablet. On long runs, however, the process is not a great success, on account of difficulty in ob- taining regular feeding, and the large proportion of powder which sifts from the shoe. Saccharin, Garantose, etc. — General tri- turate method (p. loi). Mixed with an equal weight of sodium bicarbonate, its solubility is increased, and hence, also, its sweetening power. The two substances must be granulated separately in order to prevent reaction between them. Salicin. — Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Salol (Phenyl Salicylate). — The melting-point of salol is about io8° F. Drying oper- ations of salol, or of mixtures containing it, should therefore be conducted at a temperature below that point. Alone, salol is best mixed with 20 per cent, of its weight of starch, and granulated with a mixture of equal volumes of syrup and alcohol. In combination, it is usually present in so small a propor- tion as to render special treatment INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 139 unnecessary, except precaution as to temperature. Advantage may sometimes be taken of the low melting-point of salol, to produce granulation. By mixing all the ingredients, and stirring while heating to the temperature at which the salol begins to melt, the mass will usually become granular. On cooling, sifting, and, if necessary, lubricating, the granu- lation may be compressed at once. The temperature must be carefully con- trolled, in order to prevent the decom- position of the salol, which results in mottled tablets. Santonin. — General triturate method (p. loi). Must be rigidly protected from light. See remarks under Mercury (ous) Protio- dide. Yellow. Sodium Arsenate. — General triturate method (p. loi). This highly poisonous salt is more or less efflorescent, and therefore of uncertain strength. In order to insure accuracy of dose, the exsiccated salt (U. S. P., Eighth Revision) should be mixed with sixty-eight per cent, of its weight of well-dried milk-sugar. This 140 TABLET MANUFACTURE trituration, if kept well stoppered, is of uniform strength with the crystallized salt, and should be used weight for weight instead of the crystals. Sodium Benzoate. — ^Treatment same as Lith- ium Benzoate. Sodium Bicarbonate. — Adhesive, acacia solu- tion, twenty per cent, strength, sufficient to moisten. Drying should be con- ducted at a low temperature (about 1 lo ° F.) and the heating discontinued as soon as the granulation is dry, in order to prevent discoloration. Granulation with cane-sugar usually discolors upon drying. As sodium bicarbonate reacts with various chemicals — calomel, acetanilid, saccharin, etc. — in the presence of water, it is necessary to prepare two granula- tions for tablets containing such com- binations. For this purpose a number 20 granulation of this salt, freed from fine powder, should be kept on hand. A number 16 granulation serves as a base for Soda-mint tablets, and should be stocked accordingly. Sodium. Bromide. — Treatment same as Ammonium Bromide. INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 141 Sodium Phosphate, Dried. — Diluent, milk- sugar. Adhesive, cane-sugar, ten per cent, to fifteen per cent. Lubricants, oil and talcum. Sodium Salicylate. — This substance has, per- haps, the worst reputation for general meanness, in its attitude toward the long- sufifering tablet-maker, of any with which he has to deal. It picks and it sticks more persistently than any other common in- gredient of tablets. After much tribula- tion in this respect, the following treat- ment was pursued by the author for sev- eral years, with gratifying success : Ad- hesive, gelatin or best white glue (in solu- tion), fifteen per cent. Disintegrator, starch, powder, fifteen per cent, to twenty per cent. After drying and sifting, num- ber 12, the fine powder (number 50) is sifted out and reserved for a subsequent granulation. Lubricants, oil, one per cent.; talcum, three per cent., mixed with starch, two per cent. Oil of Winter- green, usually required for flavoring, is sprayed on the finished tablets. Sodium Sulphocarbolate. — ^Treatment same as Potassium Bicarbonate. 142 TABLET MANUFACTURE Sparteine Sulphate. — General triturate meth- od (p. loi). Very soluble ; avoid excess of water. Strontium Bromide and Strontium. Iodide. — Treatment same as Ammonium Bro- mide. Very deliquescent ; avoid con- tact with moist air, or moisture in any form. Strontium Iodide should be pro- tected from light. Strontium, Salicylate. — Treatment same as Sodium Salicylate. Strychnine and its Salts. — Treatment same as Acid, Arsenous. Sulphur. — ^Washed and precipitated sulphur are the only forms which should be used in tablets intended for internal use. Treatment same as Acetanilid. Tartar Emetic. — General triturate method (p. lOl). Terpin Hydrate. — ^Treatment same as Cam- phor, Monobromated. Tinctures. — See page 47. Tully's Powder. — ^Treatment same as Acid, Salicylic. Quick drying at low tempera- ture is necessary to prevent undue volatilization of the camphor contained in Tully's powder. It is better added INDIVIDUAL SUBSTANCES 143 in fine granules (number 40 or 50) to the otherwise finished granulation. Turpeth Mineral. — ^The principal use to which this salt is put is the treatment of croup in infants and children. On account of the rapid progress of the disease, it is essential that tablets of turpeth mineral be freely soluble or capable of quickly disintegrating. While moulded tablets are to be pre- ferred, compressed tablets, rightly made, answer the purpose and are treated in the same manner as Acid, Salicylic. Zinc Phosphide. — General triturate method (p. lOl). Zinc Sulphocarbolate. — Granulate with syrup and water, equal volumes. Lubricants, oil and talcum. CHAPTER X FORMULARY While no attempt has been made to give a " Com- plete Formulary," it has been the endeavor of the author to present here a large variety of typical formulas, covering at least one example of each of the most commonly used drugs and combinations. It must not be expected that perfect tablets will always result from the use of these formulas, for as much depends upon intelligent and painstaking manipulation as upon the formula. Nor is any claim made that the formulas themselves are per- fect ; they are simply the result of a number of years' constant endeavor on the part of the author to pro- duce ever better tablets during the busy course of their manufacture. For the sake of convenience and uniformity all formulas herein given are for 7,000 tablets. The figures standing before the ingredients indicate the number of grains of solids, or minims of liquids, in one tablet. The system of weight used is the avoirdupois (See page 98). When starch-paste, or sugar- or gum-starch paste, etc., are indicated as granulating agents, sufficient water is to be added whenever neces- sary to produce the proper degree of moisture. Unless otherwise specified, the moistening agent is 144 FORMULARY 145 water. Also, unless otherwise stated, the lubri- cants are oil followed by talcum. The formulas containing extracts refer to solid extracts, and the excipients are so adjusted as to replace the moisture contained in them. If powd- ered extracts are used, the quantities of excipients should be reduced accordingly. Absorbent Dyspeptic 1 Pepsin I lb. 2 Charcoal 2 lb. a J Sodium Bicarb 2^ lb. Starch i lb. White Dextrin i lb. Total weight, 7 lb. Lubricant, oil. Die, i inch. Weight, 7 gr. Acetanilid, 1 Gr. I Acetanilid i lb. Starch S oz- Milk-sugar 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 2^ oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Lubricant, talcum with starch. Die, i inch. Weight, ij gr. 10 146 TABLET MANUFACTURE Acetanilid Aromatic (See page io8) S Acetanilid S lb. 1-20 Oil Wintergreen 350 min. Pink Color (Erythrosin D) 50 gr. Starch i lb. 3 oz. Milk-sugar a oz. Acacia-starch-paste 8 oz. Total weight dry, 6i lb. Lubricant, if necessary, talcum with starch. Die, I inch. Weight, 6J gr. Acetanilid Comp., 5 Qr. (Dr. Auldb) 3 J Acetanilid 3i lb. i Caffeine, Alkaloid i lb. I Sodium Bicarb i lb. Starch 11 oz. Milk-sugar 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 8 oz. Total weight dry, 6 lb. Mix all ingredients except sodium bicarb., and granulate. When dry, mix with the latter in number 16 granulation. (Seepage 140) Lubricant, talcimi with starch. Die, I inch. Weight, 6 gr. FORMULARY 147 Acid, Arsenous, 1-100 Or. i-ioo Acid, Arsenous, = i-io Trituration, 7-0 = i- (p. lis) 700 gr- Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 3675 gr. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Acid, Boric, 5 Or. S Acid, Boric, powdered S lb. Cane-sugar i lb. Total weight, 6 lb. Lubricant, 4 oz. boric acid, withheld from granulation. Die, I inch. Weight, 6 gr. Acid, Saiicylic, 5 Gr. S Acid, Salicylic S lb. Starch i lb. Cane-sugar 3 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 12 oz. Total weight dry, 6i lb. Lubricants, oil and talcum with starch. Avoid contact with iron. Die, I inch (or 13-32). Weight, 6 J gr. 148 TABLET MANUFACTURE Aconite, Tincture, 2 Minims 2 Aconite Tr.* = j-io Fl. Ext lo^ oz. Cane-sugar 4 oz. Milk-sugar 14 oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Aconite and Bryonia Comp. I Aconite Tr.* = jj" Fl. Ext J oz. i| Gelsemium Tr. * =.28 Fl. Ext 4i oz. li Bryonia Tr. * — i Fl. Ext 875 m. Cane-sugar 4 oz. Milk-sugar 14 oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Aloin, 1-4 Or. i Aloin 4 oz. Cane-sugar 6 oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Aloin, Belladonna, and Strychnine •J- Aloin 1400 gr. i Ext. Belladonna 2 oz. * U. S. p. 1890. FORMULARY 149 1-60 Strychnine Sulph. = }i Trituration. 10 = I (p. 142) 1333 gr. Cane-sugar 2800 gr. Milk-sugar 7 oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, r\ gr. Aloin, Bellad., Strychnine, and Ext. Cascara. \ Aloin 1400 gr \ Ext. Belladonna 2 oz 1-120 Strychnine Sulph. := y-.r2 Trituration, 10 = J (p. 142) 583 gr. ^ Ext. Cascara 8 oz Starch 4 oz, Milk-sugar 4 oz Total weight dry, i^ lb Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr, Alum Comp. (See p. no) 2^ Alum si lb. 2 Zinc Sulphate 2 lb. 1-32 Morphine Sulphate i oz. I Fl. Ext. Golden Seal (colorless) ^ j-40 Hydrastine Sulphate .... 175 gr Milk-sugar 12 oz. Cane-sugar 12^ oz. Boric Acid, powdered (Lubricant) . 4 oz. Total weight dry, 5 lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, s gr- 150 TABLET MANUFACTURE Ammonium Bromide, 5 Gr. S Ammonium Bromide, No. 30 5 lb. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Compress warm. Ammonium Bromide, 10 Gr. 10 Ammonium Bromide, No. 30 10 lb. Die, 13-32 inch. Weight, 10 gr. Compress warm. Ammonium Chloride, 5 Gr. 5 Ammonium Chloride, gran 5 lb. Die, I inch. Weight, 5 gr. Ammonium Chloride Comp., with Codeine i Ammonium Chloride, powdered ... 4 oz. i-io Ext. Liquorice 700 gr. i Cubeb, powdered (No. 100) 2 oz. 1-25 Codeine, Alkaloid ■. 280 gr. Cane-sugar 3 oz. 333 gr. Milk-sugar 8 oz. Total weight, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Anodyne i Camphor 2 oz, J Ext. Hyoscyamus 2 oz. 1-60 Morphine Sulphate 117 gr. FORMULARY 151 1-60 Oleoresin Capsicum 117 min. Cane-sugar 6 oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Dry quickly at low temperature. Add oleores- in with lubricant. Lubricant, oil. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i{ gr. Antiasthmatic 2 Potas. (or Sod.) Iodide, granular 2 lb. 2 Potas. (or Sod.) Bromide, granular 2 lb. 3 Fl. Ext. Euphorbia Pil 43f oz. 2 Tr. Lobelia,* = J Fl. Ext 2100 min. 1-200 Nitroglycerin, =: i--20, ^0% 5oZ . . 350 min. Total weight dry, 4^ lb. Evaporate the fluid extracts to soft extract and mix with granular salts. Dry at low temperature. Sift, add solution nitroglycerin, dry, sift, and com- press warm. No lubricant. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 4J gr. Anticonstipation I Ext. Cascara Sagrada i lb. i Ext. Nux Vomica 2 oz. i Ext. Belladonna 2 oz. i Ipecac, powdered 2 oz. i Podophyllin 2 oz. • U. S. p. 1890. 152 TABLET MANUFACTURE Starch 7 oz. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Total weight dry, 2 lb. Warm the extracts together on bath, mix in bal- ance of ingredients, and pull apart. Dry on tinned trays, dusted with starch. Die, i inch. Weight, 2 gr. Antldyspeptic 1-60 Strychnine Sulphate, = j4 Trituration, 10 = 1 (p. 142) 1333 gr. i-io Ipecac, powdered 700 gr. \ Capsicum, powdered 4 oz. \ Ext. Rhubarb 4 oz. i Ext. Gentian 8 oz. 2 Sodium Bicarb 2 lb. Starch i lb. Yellow Dextrin 6 oz. Total weight dry, 4^ lb. Mix same as Anticonstipation. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 4^ gr. Antiseptic, Alkaline 5 Sodium Bicarb 5 lb. 5 Sodium Borate 5 lb. 5 Sodium Chloride * 5 lb. 7-24 Sodium Benzoate 4^ oz. * A high-^ade white table-salt is suitable for use in this formula. FORMULARY 153 7-48 Sodium Salicylate 2J oz. Eucalyptol ij oz. Menthol | oz. Thymol j oz. Oil Wintergreen J oz. Total weight, isf lb. Mix the salts and granulate with a mixture of 2 oz. syrup and 16 oz. water. Mix the eucalyptol and oil wintergreen, and in the mixture dissolve the menthol and thymol. Mix with the dry granu- lation. No lubricant. This formula will produce a freely soluble tablet yielding a nearly clear solu- tion in 2 oz. of water, which solution produces little if any smarting when applied to the nasal passages. Die, 9-16 inch. Weight, 15! gr. Antiseptic, Wilson, White 7.7 Corrosive Sublimate, powdered .... 7.7 lb. 7.3 Ammonium Chloride, granular 7.3 lb. Boric Acid (Lubricant) 8 oz. Total weight, 15^ lb. Care must be exercised to select snow-white salts. Moisten the granular ammonium chloride with alcohol. Mix intimately with the powdered corrosive sublimate. Spread out to dry. When thoroughly dry, sift (number 16), add the boric acid, and compress warm. Die, 4 inch. Weight, 15^ gr. 154 TABLET MANUFACTURE Antiseptic, Wilson, Blue 7.7 Corrosive Sublimate, powdered .... 7.7 lb. 7.3 Ammonium Chloride, powdered ... 7.3 lb. Aniline Blue S° gr. Boric Acid (Lubricant) 8 oz. Total weight, 15^ lb. Dissolve the color in sufficient alcohol to moisten the ammonium chloride, and proceed exactly as in Antiseptic, Wilson, White. Aphrodisiac 2 Ext. Damiana 2 lb. ^ Ext. Nux Vomica 2 oz. i-io Zinc Phosphide 700 gr. 1-25 Cantharides, powdered 280 gr. Starch 8 oz. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight dry, 2^ lb. Die, 5-16 inch. Weight, 2J gr. Asafetida, 2 Gr. 2 Asafetida, purified 2 lb. Starch 8 oz. Total weight dry, 2 lb Treat as an extract. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2 gr. FORMULARY 155 Astringent Wash 2 Lead Acetate 2 lb. 2 Zinc Acetate 2 lb. 1-20 Berberine Hydrochloride 350 gr. 1-32 Morphine Acetate i oz. Milk-sugar 24! oz. Total weight dry, 5 lb. Dried at 104° F., lead acetate loses 14^ % of its weight, and zinc acetate 16^ %. The combined losses are 10 oz. "Weigh and dry out before granu- lating. Granulate with syrup and water, equal volumes. Lubricant, boric acid. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Atropine Sulphate 1-100 Gr. See Acid, Arsenous, i-ioo gr. Belladonna, Extract, 1-4 Gr. i Ext. Belladonna 4 oz. Cane-sugar 7 oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight dry, i J lb. To develop and evenly distribute the natural color of an extract where water fails, use an al- coholic menstruum as nearly as possible of the strength as that used in making the extract. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. 156 TABLET MANUFACTURE Beta-Naphtol, 5 Or. See Acid, Salicylic, 5 gr. Beta-Naphtol Comiv. I Beta-Naphtol i lb. I Bismuth Salicylate (basic) i lb. I Aromatic Chalk Powder i lb. Starch 8 oz. Total weight, 3^ lb. Die, 5-16 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. Bismuth, Calomel Comp. I Bismuth Subnitrate i lb, 1-40 Calomel 175 gr 1-60 Ipecac, powd 117 gr Starch 6 oz Cane-sugar 4 oz Acacia-starch-paste 4 oz Total weight dry, if lb Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, if gr. Bismuth Subgallate, 5 Or. See Acid, Salicylic, 5 gr. Die, I inch. Weight, 6^ gr. Bismuth Subnitrate, 5 Gr. See Acid, Salicylic, 5 gr. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 6J gr. FORMULARY 157 Bitter Tonic 1 Wine Ipecac = i-io Fl. Ext 700 min. 2 Tr. Capsicum = jr-80 Oleores 88 min. 5 Tr. Nux Vomica = i-io Ext 700 gr. 5, Tr. Gentian Comp. = i Fl. Ext 14I oz. Cane-sugar 3 oz. Milk-sugar 12 oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Blaud, 5 Qr. 5 Blaud Mass = 2^ Iron Sulph., cryst zj lb. . i}i Potas. Carbonate ij lb. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. }: Total weight dry, 5 lb. (See p. 117) If a ball mill is available, the milk-sugar should be replaced by starch, and after drying the mix- ture, it should be triturated to fine powder and granulated, with 10% acacia-mucilage. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Blaud and Mang^anese Comp. (Anaemia.) 3 Blaud Mass= i}i Iron Sulph., cryst li lb. g-zo Potas. Carbonate 6300 gr. I Manganese Dioxide i lb. I. 158 TABLET MANUFACTURE 1-60 Acid Arsenous, = ^ Trituration, 10=1 1167 gr. Cane-sugar 12 oz. Milk-sugar or starch * 13 oz. Total weight dry, 5 lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Blaud Tonic Laxative 3 Blaud Mass, = ( -T^ Iron Sulph., cryst ij lb ( g-io Potas. Carbonate 6300 gr, i Quinine Sulph., Trit. (p. 136) ... 8 oz i-io Aloin 700 gr, i-io Ext. Nux Vomica 700 gr i-io Aloin 700 gr, Cane-sugar 12 oz. Milk-sugar or starch * 13 oz. Total weight dry, 4^ lb Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 4^ gr, Blue ilass, 5 Gr. 5 Blue Mass 5 lb. Starch i^ lb. Total weight dry, 6 lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 6 gr. * See under Blaud, 5 gr., above. FORMULARY 159 Bronchial i Ammonium Chloride, powdered si oz. I Ext. Liquorice, powdered i lb. ^ Balsam Tolu Si oz. i Oleores. Cubeb Si oz. J Hyoscyamus, powdered 4 oz. ■^ Senega, powdered si oz. 1-50 Ipecac, powdered 140 gr. Magnesia, Calcined 2 oz. Cane-sugar 2 lb. Milk-sugar i^ lb. Tragacanth, powdered 8 oz. Mucilage, Tragacanth 5% 8 oz. Total weight dry, 6 lb. (Not counting Oleores. Cubeb.) Die, 13-32 inch. Weight, 6 gr. Warm the balsam tolu with about 4 ounces alcohol, until dissolved. Add the calcined mag- nesia, evaporate to dryness, and powder. Mix with balance of powders and granulate. After compressing, mix the oleoresin cubeb with enough oil (almond, peanut, or mustard expressed oils are good) to make 7,000 drops (see p. 53), and put one drop on each tablet. Bronchitis 1-40 Ext. Bellad 175 gr. i-io Dover's Powder 700 gr. 160 TABLET MANUFACTURE I-20 Ipecac, powdered 350 gr. i Quinine Sulph., Trit. (p. 136) 4 oz. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 3i oz. Total weight dry, i| lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Brown Mixture, 1 Dr. i-io Ext. Liquorice, powdered 700 gr 1-25 Opium, powdered 280 gr 1-25 Camphor 280 gr 1-25 Benzoic Acid 280 gr, 1-25 Oil Anise 280 min 1-60 Tartar Emetic 117 gr Cane-sugar 70Z. 250 gr Milk-sugar 8 oz Total weight, ij lb Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr Granulate all except the camphor and oil anise When dry, dissolve the camphor in the oil and add to the granulation. Lubricant, talcum. Brown Mixture Comp. 60 Brown Mixture 4 oz. 187 gr. (Medicaments as above.) I Ammon. Chloride, powdered .. . i lb. Cane-sugar 3 oz. 250 gr. Total weight, i^ lb. Treat as Brown Mixture, i Dr. Die, i inch. Weight, ij gr. FORMULARY 161 Caffeine, Citrated, 1-2 Or. i Caffeine, Citrated.* ' i Caffeine Alkaloid 4 oz. {; . i Citric Acid 4 oz. Milk-sugar 12! oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Calcium Sulphide, 1-4 Or. i Calcium Sulphide 4 oz. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Calomel, 1-10 Qr., Pink, Flavored i-io Calomel, 700 gr. Pink Color (Erythrosin D) 10 gr. Oil Wintergreen Spray. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 3665 gr. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. * While not exact, it is customary in manufacturing, to consider Citrated Caffeine as consisting of equal parts Caffeine and Citric Acid. 11 162 TABLET MANUFACTURE Calomel, 1-4 Qr. i Calomel 4 oz. Cane-sugar 12 oz. Milk-sugar 8 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Calomel, Ipecac, and Soda ■y Calomel 1400 gr. i-io Ipecac, powdered 700 gr. I Sodium Bicarbonate i lb. Cane-sugar 3150 gr. Total weight, 1} lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, if gr. Calomel and Soda, No. 1 i-io Calomel 700 gr. I Sodium Bicarb., gran. (p. 140) .... i lb. Cane-sugar 4550 gr. Total weight, if lb. Mix the calomel with the sugar, granulate, dry, and sift. Mix with the sodium bicarbonate gran- ulation (carefully dried), lubricate with talcum, and compress. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, if gr. FORMULARY 163 Calomel and Soda, No. 2 I Calomel i lb. I Sodium Bicarb., gran. ( p. 140 ) i lb. Cane-sugar 4 oz. Total weight, 2J lb. Treat same as No. i. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, 2^ gr. Camphor, Hyoscyamus, and Valerian I Camphor i lb. i Ext. Hyoscyamus 8 oz. i Ext. Valerian 8 oz. Starch 12 oz. Milk-sugar 14 oz. Total weight dry, 3 lb. Dry as quickly as possible at low temperature. Die, 5-16 inch. Weight, 3 gr. Camphor, Monobromated, 3 Gr. 3 Camphor, monobromated, powdered. ... 3 lb. Starch 12 oz. Cane-sugar i oz. Acacia-starch-paste 8 oz. Total weight dry, 4 lb. Die, n-32 inch. Weight, 4 gr. 164 TABLET MANUFACTURE Cannabis Indica, Ext., 1-4 Gr. 4 Cannabis Indica, Ext 4 oz. Calcined Magnesia 2 oz. Cane-sugar S oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight dry, li gr. Lubricant, oil. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Cascara Sagrada, Ext., 2 Gr. 2 Cascara Sagrada, Ext 2 lb. Magnesium Carbonate ( or Oxide ) 6 oz. Starch 6 oz. Total weight dry, 2^ lb. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2^ gr. Cascara 5agrada, Fl. Ext., 5 flin. Same as Extract, 2 Gr., above. Cascara Comp. 2 Ext. Cascara Sagrada 2 lb. i Podophyllin 2 oz. 1-16 Ext. Belladonna i oz. Magnesium Carbonate ( or Oxide) ... 5 oz. Starch 4 oz. Total weight dry, 2^ lb. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, zi gr. FORMULARY 165 Cathartic, Active i-io Aloin 700 gr 1-5 Podophyllin 1400 gr i-io Ext. Colocynth Comp 700 gr i-io Ext. Nux Vomica 700 gr 1-120 Oleores. Capsicum 58 min 1-15 Croton Oil 467 min Cane-sugar 3 oz Milk-sugar 12 oz Total weight dry, ij lb Granulate all except the oleoresin capsicum and croton oil; these, mixed, serve as lubricant. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Cathartic Comp. (Liver Tablets.) 1-32 Leptandrin i oz. I-IO Aloin 700 gr. 1-6 Podophyllin 1167 gr. 1-28 Oleoresin Capsicum 250 min. 1-16 Ext. Hyoscyamus i oz. Cane-sugar 4i oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-23 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Cathartic Comp., U. S. P. li Ext. Coloc. Comp li lb. I Calomel i lb. 166 TABLET MANUFACTURE i Ext. Jalap 8 oz. J Gamboge, powdered 4 oz. Starch lo oz. Total weight dry, ^i lb- Die, s-i6 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. Charcoal, 5 Gr. S Charcoal, wood S lb. Cane-sugar i lb. Gelatin or Tragacanth (in mucilage) .... 8 oz. Total weight dry, 6^ lb. Die, 7-16 inch. Weight, 6^ gr. The mixture should be well moistened and, after granulation, thoroughly dried. If difficulty is found in compressing sufficiently hard, the granu- lation should be slightly moistened by spraying with water, compressed while still moist, and the tablets dried. Lubricant, oil if necessary ; talcum produces gray tablets. Charcoal and Soda 3 Charcoal, wood 3 lb. 2 Sodium Bicarbonate 2 lb. Cane-sugar 2 lb. Total weight, 7 lb. Lubricant, oil. Die, 13-32 inch. Weight, 7 gr. FORMULARY 167 Chloral, Hydrated, 5 Gr. 5 Chloral, Hydrated (No. i6) 5 lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. (See page 122). Chlorodyne i Morphine Hydrochloride 1167 gr. i Ext. Cannabis Indica 4 oz. 1-300 Nitroglycerin = 1-30 10 % Solution 233 min. i Ext. Hyoscyamus 8 oz. i-io Oleoresin Capsicum 700 min. i-io Oil Peppermint 700 min. Calcined Magnesia 2 oz. Starch 8 oz. Sugar of Milk i lb. Total weight dry, 2^ lb. (Not counting oil or oleoresin.) Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2 J gr. The oil peppermint and oleoresin capsicum should be mixed with sufficient bland oil to make 7,000 drops, and one drop put on each tablet. Codeine, Alkaloid or Sulphate, 1°'4 Qr. i Codeine, Alkaloid or Sulphate 4 oz. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Total weight, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. 168 TABLET MANUFACTURE Cold, No. 3 2 Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136) 2 lb. 2 Dover's Powder 2 lb. i Capsicum, powdered 4 oz. I Tr. Aconite * = J5 FZ. Eorf Sf oz. Starch 14 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 12 oz. Total weight dry, si lb. Die, I inch. Weight, si gr. Copper Arsenite, 1-100 Gr. i-ioo Copper Arsenite 7° gr. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 430s gr. Total weight, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Corrosive Sublimate, 1-30 Qr. 1-30 Corrosive Sublimate, powdered. .. . 233 gr. Ammonium Chloride, granular 19^ oz. Total weight, ij lb. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in 2 ounces alcohol, and moisten the ammonium chloride with the solution. After drying, sift, and com- press without lubricant. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. * U.S. p., 1890. FORMULARY 169 Corrosive Sublimate, 1 Qr. I Corrosive Sublimate, powdered i lb. Ammonium Chloride, granular i lb. Total weight, 2 lb. Treat as in Antiseptic, Wilson. Compress rather soft. Die, i inch. Weight, 2 gr. Coryza i Camphor 8 oz. i Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p, 136) 8 oz. 1-64 Morphine Sulphate no gr. 1-2000 Atropine Sulphate = 1-200 trituration, 10= i . . . . 35 gr. Starch 6 oz. Acacia i oz. Cane-sugar 7i oz. Acacia-starch-paste 4 oz. Total weight dry, 2 lb. Die, \ inch. Weight, 2 gr. Cough, No. 2 I Ammonium Carbonate i lb. f Squill, powdered 12 oz. f Senega, powdered 12 oz. 5 Tr. Opium, Camph., = ' 1-50 Opium, powdered 140 gr. 1-50 Camphor 140 gr. i-SO Benzoic Acid 140 gr. i-jo Oil of Anise 140 min. 170 TABLET MANUFACTURE Saccharin 140 gr. Milk-sugar 12 oz. Talcum, powdered (lubricant) 2 oz. Mucilage Acacia, 20 % q. s. Total weight dry, 3 J lb. Mix the squill, senega, opium, benzoic acid, saccharin, and milk-sugar, and granulate with the mucilage acacia. Dry, and sift (number 20). Dis- solve the camphor in the oil anise and add to the above granulation. Reduce a sufficient quan- tity of ammonium carbonate to make one pound number 30 or 40 granule, free from powder which will pass through a number 50 sieve. Lubricate this with the talcum and mix with the granulation. Die. 5-16 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. Cough, No. 3 3 Tr. Sanguinaria* = .45 Fl. Ext.. . 3150 min. 1-16 Morphine Acetate i oz. S WineAntimony=7-j'orortor£>Me/«c 140 gr. q. s. Syr. Wild Cherry ^ Fl. Ext i pt. Starch 8 oz. Yellow Dextrin 6 oz. Cane-sugar 11 oz. Oil Bitter Almond, true § oz. Total weight dry, 2 lb. Evaporate the tincture and fluid extract (which must be free from glycerin) to soft extract. Mix in the previously triturated powders, granulate, •U. S. p., 1890. FORMULARY 171 and dry. Mix the oil bitter almond with the lubricating oil and mix very thoroughly. The oil bitter almond contains the equivalent in hydro- cyanic acid of the amount present in one pint average fluid extract wild cherry. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2 gr. Cough, No. 4 i Ammonium Chloride, powdered . . 8 oz. i Cubeb, powdered 4 oz. 3 Fl. Ext. Wild Cherry 43i oz. I Terpin Hydrate i lb. i-io Ext. Liquorice 700 gr. Acacia, powdered 8 oz. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 9 oz. Oil Bitter Almond, true if oz. Total weight dry, 4 lb. Proceed as in Cough, No. 3. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 4 gr. Creosote, 1-10 Min. i-io Creosote, beechwood 700 min. Cane-sugar n oz. Milk-sugar "4 oz- Total weight, i^ lb. Granulate the sugars, and use the creosote as lubricant. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, li gr. 172 TABLET MANUFACTURE Creosote, 1 Min. I Creosote, beechwood i4f oz. Cane-sugar li^ lb. Milk-sugar ij lb. Total weight dry granulation, 3 lb. Granulate the sugars, dry, lubricate, and com- press. Drop I minim creosote on each tablet. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 3 gr. Croup, Spasmodic 1-20 Ext. Cannabis Indica 350 gr. 1-20 Ext. Hyoscyamus 350 gr. S Tr. Opium, Camph., = ' z-50 Opium, powdered 140 gr. i-^o Benzoic Acid 140 gr. j-30 Camphor 140 gr. i-SO Oil Anise 140 min. S Syr. Ipecac. = JS Fl- Ext 2450 min. 2 Ext. Liquorice 2 lb. Milk-sugar zf lb. Mucilage Acacia, 10 % q. s. » Total weight dry, $ lb. Reduce the fluid extract to soft extract, and add the solid extracts ; add the opium and benzoic acid previously triturated with the milk-sugar. Moisten with the mucilage acacia sufficiently to granulate. When well moistened, mix in the ext. liquorice, and granulate. Add the camphor, dissolved in the oil anise, to the dry granulation. Compress soft. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, g gr. FORMULARY 173 Cystitis, No. 1 2 Boric Acid 2 lb. 2 Potas. Bicarb., powdered 2 lb. I Ext. Buchu (green) 1 lb. I Ext. Dog-grass i lb. i Ext. Corn Silk 8 oz. i Ext. Hydrangea 8 oz. 1-500 Atropine Sulphate = i-jo trituration, 10 := i 140 gr. Starch 17 oz. Acacia 3 oz. Total weight dry, 7^ lb. Triturate together all the powders except the potassium bicarb. Soften the extracts and evapo- rate on water-bath (preferably in vacuum-pan) until a small portion, when removed and cooled, is quite brittle. Then incorporate the powders (best in a hot mixer or vacuum-pan), pull apart into small pieces, and cool. Grind and powder. Mix with the potassium bicarb, in fine powder. Moisten with alcohol. Dry, sift, etc. When apparatus is available, the following pro- cedure is recommended : Instead of the extracts use Buchu, No. 40 4 lb. Dog-grass, No. 40 3 lb. Com Silk, No. 40 2J lb. Hydrangea, No. 40 2^ lb. Mix and exhaust with 70 % Alcohol. Recover the alcohol, reduce the extract in a vacuum-pan, and complete as directed above. Die, 7-16 inch. Weight, 7^ gr. 174 TABLET MANUFACTURE Damiana Comp. 2 Ext. Damiana 2 lb. 1-30 Phosphorus 233 gr. i Ext. Nux Vomica 4 oz. Starch 8 oz. Milk-sugar 4^ oz. Total weight dry, 2 J lb. Make granulation in the usual manner, omitting the phosphorus. Dissolve the phosphorus with the usual precautions in about 4 oz. chloroform (see p. 130), and add to the spread-out granula- tion. Stir lightly with spatula or scoop until the chloroform is evaporated, lubricate and compress at once, protecting as much as possible from air. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 2^ gr. Diarrhoea i Opium, powdered 4 oz. i Camphor, powdered 4 oz. i Ipecac, powdered 2 oz. i Lead Acetate 1167 gr. I Bismuth Salicylate, basic i lb. Starch Si oz. Acacia-starch-paste 4 oz. Total weight dry, 2^ lb. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, zi gr. Dlarrhcea, No. 2 J Calomel 2 oz. 1-32 Ipecac, powdered i oz. FORMULARY 175 1-16 Camphor, powdered i oz. 1-16 Morphine Sulphate i oz. 1-16 Capsicum, powdered i oz. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 4i oz. Total weight, li lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Digitalin, 1-100 Gr. See Copper Arsenite, i-ioo gr. Digitalis, PI. Ext., 1 Min. I Digitalis, Fl. Ext 14! oz. Milk-sugar 17 oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. In order to produce a green tablet the fluid extract should be reduced in vacuo. Also, the stronger the alcohol used in exhausting the drug, the greener the extract. Drying must be con- ducted quickly at low temperature, and the heat removed as soon as the granulation is dry. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Diuretic, No. 1 I Digitalis, powdered i lb. I Ext. Buchu I lb, I Potassium Nitrate, powdered i lb, : Squill, powdered i lb. 176 TABLET MANUFACTURE Starch i lb. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight dry, s lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Diuretic, No. 3 1 Digitalis, powdered i lb. 2 Potassium Nitrate 2 lb. J Extract Buchu 8 oz. i Ext. Scoparius 8 oz. I Oil Juniper Berries 14! oz. Starch i lb. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight dry (without oil), 5 lb. Drop one mimm oil juniper berries on each tablet. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Dobell's Solution, 1 Oz. 7i Sodium Bicarbonate 7i lb. 7-J Sodium Borate 7i lb. ij Carbolic Acid li lb. Syrup 12 oz. Total weight dry, 17J lb. Mix the syrup with 16 oz. water and warm. Melt the carbolic acid and add to the syrup and water. Granulate the powders with the mixture. Die, 9-16 inch. Weight, 17^ gr. FORMULARY 177 To make Dobell's Solution, dissolve one tablet in sufficient water to make 7I dr. and add i dr. glycerin. Dover's Powder, 2 1-2 Qr. 2^ Dover's Powder aj lb. Granulate with 10 % Mucilage Acacia. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2^ gr. T. T. Form 2 J Dover's Powder = ( i Opium, powdered 4 oz. (. i Ipecac, powdered 4 oz. Cane-sugar 6 oz. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Total weight, li lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Dyspeptic, Haworth 1-40 Strychnine Sulphate := i Trituration, 10=1 (p. 142) 4 oz. J Ipecac, powdered 2 oz. i Rhubarb, powdered 4 oz. ^ Capsicum, powdered 2 oz. Cane-sugar 4 oz. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight, li lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, li gr. 178 TABLET MANUFACTURE Emmenagogue, Improved I Ext. Cotton Root Bark i lb. I Ergotin i lb. I Ext. Black Hellebore i lb. I Aloes, Socotrine i lb. I Iron Sulphate, dried i lb. 4 Oil Savine 4 oz. Starch ij lb. Yellow Dextrin 8 oz. Milk-sugar 8 oz. Total weight dry (without oil), 6 J lb.. Reduce the mixed extracts, ergotin, and aloes, to brittleness (or nearly) on water-bath; or, pref- erably, in vacuo. Mix in the powders, cool, dry if necessary, and grind to number i6 granule. Then add about i ounce of the oil savine, and, after compression, spray on the balance. Ergotin, 1 Qr. I Ergotin i lb. Starch 6 oz. Yellow Dextrin 2 oz. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Fever, Davis I Tr. Aconite * = .07 Fl. Ext 490 min. i-io Tr. Bryonia *= .oj Fl. Ext 70 min. * U. S. p. 1890. FORMULARY 179 i-io Tt. Belladonna* = .ois Fl. Ext. los min. Cane-sugar 9| oz. Milk-sugar lo oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i| gr. Fowler's Solution, 5 Min. S Fowler's Solution, = 1-20 Potassium Arsenite 3^0 gr. Ammonium Chlor., granular 8400 gr. Total weight, li lb. Dissolve the potassium arsenite in a little water and moisten the ammonium chloride with the solution. Dry and mix thoroughly. Compress without lubricant. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i\ gr. Gonorrlioea I Cubeb, powdered (No. 100) . . i lb. I Copaiba, Balsam (solidifiable) i lb. \ Iron Sulphate, dried 4 oz. 1 Venice Turpentine 4 oz. i Oil Sandalwood 4 oz. i-io Oil Wintergreen 700 min. Calcined Magnesia 8 oz. Starch i J lb. Milk-sugar i lb. Cane-sugar i lb. 7 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 12 oz. Total weight dry (without oils), 7 lb. * U. S. p. 1890. 180 TABLET MANUFACTURE Reduce the copaiba and Venice turpentine to about one pound, on a steam-bath or over a low flame. Remove the heat and stir in the calcined magnesia. Cool, powder, triturate with the other powders, and granulate. Mix the oils sandalwood and wintergreen with sufficient bland oil, and put one drop on each tablet, or spray. Die, 13-32 inch. Weight, 7 gr. Guaiac Com p. 3 Res. Guaiac, powdered 3 lb. 1 Ext. Pokeroot i lb. 2 Potassium Iodide, powdered 2 lb. i-ioo Colchicine 70 gr. i-ioo Digitalin 70 gr. Starch li lb. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight dry, 7^ lb. Triturate all the powders except the potassium iodide together, an& mix with the ext. pokeroot, previously warmed, and, if necessary, thinned with a little diluted alcohol. Dry, powder, and mix with the potassium iodide. Moisten slightly, by spraying with diluted alcohol. Mix, dry, and sift. On account of the extremely high price of col- chicine, some manufacturers use in its stead, its equivalent of assayed fluid or solid extract col- chicum seed or root. Die, 13-32 inch. Weight, 7J gr. FORMULARY 181 Heart Stimulant (See page 104.) i Tr. Bellad.* = 3-80 Fl. Ext. .. 260 min. 2 Tr. Digitalis *=j-zoF/.£;a:/. 2100 min. 2 Tr. Strophanthus * 30 oz. i-ioo Nitroglycerin = 7-zo i-o % sol. 700 gr. Starch ^ oz. Cane-sugar 6 oz. Milk-sugar iif qz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Hepatica \ Euoynmin 2 oz. 1-20 Podophyllin 350 gr. i Ipecac, powdered 2 oz. i Calomel 2 oz. 1-12 Aloin 583 gr. Cane-sugar 3i oz. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Heroin, 1-12 Gr. 1-12 Heroin 583 gr. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 3792 gr. Total weight, i\ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i\ gr. * U. S. p. 1890. 182 TABLET MANUFACTURE Infusion, Buchu Comp. 1 20 Infusion Buchu (5 %)^t}4 Ext ij lb. 20 Tr. Hyoscyamus = ^ Ext 12 oz. 6 Potassium Bicarbonate, powdered .. . 6 lb. Starch 12 oz. Acacia 3 oz. Milk-sugar 5 oz. Total weight dry, 9 lb. Follow procedure indicated under Cystitis. Die, 7-16 inch. Weigkt, 9 gr. Injection 2^ Alum, powdered 2J lb. 2 Zinc Sulphate 2 lb. i Fl. Ext. Hydrastis 7l oz. (or i Ext. 2 oz.) Milk-sugar 12^ oz. Cane-sugar 12 oz. Boric Acid, powdered (lubricant) .... 4 oz. Total weight dry, 5 lb. Proceed as in Altun Comp. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Ipecac, Powdered, 1-2 Qr. J Ipecac, powdered 8 oz. Cane-sugar 12 oz. Total weight, li lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. FORMULARY 183 Iron, Arsenic, and Strychnine I Iron, Reduced i lb. i-ioo Arsenous Acid = j-io Trit. io = i 700 gr. 1-60 Strychnine Sulphate — J^ Trit. 10 = 1 1 1 67 gr Cane-sugar 3383 gr. Total weight, if lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, if gr. Iron, Quinine, and Stryclinine i Iron, Reduced 8 oz. i Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136) . . 8 oz. 1-120 Strychnine Sulphate == ^-J2 Trit. I ^10 583 gr. Starch 4 oz. Cane-sugar if oz. Acacia-starch-paste 3 oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Lead Acetate, 1 Gr. I Lead Acetate i lb. Boric Acid, powdered 4 oz. Syrup, 3 vol. Water, i vol q. s. Total weight dry, ij lb. Dry the lead acetate for several hoiirs at about no F. Mix with 3 ounces of the boric acid and granulate. Lubricate with i oz. boric acid. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, x\ gr. 184 TABLET MANUFACTURE Lead and Opium Wash S Lead Acetate 5 lb. i Ext. Opium, U. S. P 4 oz. 4 Ammonium Chloride, granular 4 lb. Boric Acid, powdered i lb. 3 oz. Syrup, 3 vol. Water, i vol q. s. Total weight dry, 10 lb. Dry out the lead acetate at about 110° F. Mix with 2 J oz. of the ext. opium and 14 oz. of the boric acid, granulate and dry. Mix the ammonium chloride with the balance (i^ oz.) of the ext. opium, moisten just enough to produce uniform color, and dry. Mix the dry granulations, lubri- cate with the balance (s oz.) of the boric acid, and compress. The ammonium chloride is used to increase the solubility of the lead acetate. Decom- position results when the salts are heated together, and hence the necessity for separate granulation. Die, 7-16 inch. Weight, 10 gr. Lithium Benzoate, 3 Qr. 3 Lithium Benzoate 3 lb. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Syrup, 3 vol. Water, i vol q. s. Total weight dry, 4 lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 4 gr. Lithium Citrate, 5 Qr. Effervescent (See p. ss.) FORMULARY 185 Manganese Dioxide, 1 Qr. I Manganese Dioxide, precip i lb. Starch 5 oz. Milk-sugar 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 2J oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Die, i inch. Weight, i^ gr. Menorrhagic 3 Gallic Acid 3 lb. I Ergotin i lb. i Hydrastin 8 oz. Starch 12 oz. Total weight dry, 5 lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Mercury witli Cliallc, 1-2 Qr. i Mercury with Chalk 8 oz. Cane-sugar 8 oz. Milk-sugar 8 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Mercury (ic) Iodide, Red, 1-8 Gr. i Mercury (ic) Iodide, Red 2 oz. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 8 oz. Total weight, li lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, li gr. 186 TABLET MANUFACTURE Mercury (ous) Iodide, Yellow, 1-4 Or. J Mercury (ous) Iodide, Yellow 4 oz. Cane-sugar 12 oz. Milk-sugar 8 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Protect carefully from light throughout opera- tion. Misraine, No. 1 2 Acetanilid 2 lb. i Camphor, Monobromated 8 oz. i Citrated Caffeine = X Alkaloid 4 oz. Starch 8 oz. Milk-sugar 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 6 oz. Total weight dry, 3J lb. As citric acid reacts with acetanilid, liberat- ing acetic acid, the alkaloid caffeine must be used. Lubricant, talcum mixed with starch. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. Mixed Treatment 5 Potassium Iodide S lb. 1-30 Corrosive Sublimate 233 gr. 1-40 Arsenous Acid = X •^''**- ^0=^1 . . 4 oz. FORMULARY 187 30 Syr. Sarsaparilla Comp. = 7 Fl. Ext. (free from glycerin) . . 6^ pt. Oil Wintergreen Spray. Oil Sassafras Spray. Starch 9 oz. Milk-sugar 8 oz. Total weight, "j^ lb. Reduce the fi. ext. and mix in the previously triturated powders, omitting the potassitmi iodide. Dry, grind, and powder. Triturate with the potassium iodide (preferably in a ball mill), moisten slightly with alcohol, dry, etc. Spray the compressed tablets. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 7^ gr. Mixed Treatment, No. 2 2 Potassiiim Iodide, granulated 2 lb. S Syrup Iron Iodide ^= .67 Iron Iodide lof oz. 1-64 Corrosive Sublimate no gr. 2 Donovan's Solution = i-SO Mercuric Iodide {Red) 140 gr. . i-jo Arsenic Iodide 140 gr. 2 Tr. Nux Vomica = 1-2^ Ext. powd. 280 gr. {: Total weight, 2 J lb. Triturate all ingredients, except the potassium iodide, together. Mix with the potassium iodide. Moisten slightly with alcohol. Dry, sift, and compress without lubricant. Die, i inch. Weight, 2f gr. 188 TABLET MANUFACTURE Morphine Sulphate, 1-4 Gr. See Codeine Sulphate, i gr. Morphine Sulphate, 1-2 Gr. i Morphine Sulphate 8 oz. Cane-sugar 8 oz. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight, i^ gr. Avoid excess of water in moistening. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Morphine and Atropine i Morphine Sulphate 4 oz. 1-150 Atropine Sulphate = T-ij Trituration, lo^^^i 467 gr. Cane-sugar 8 oz. Milk-sugar 3033 gr. Total weight, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i\ gr. Myalgic 2 Sodium Salicylate 2 lb. 2 Acetanilid 2 lb. i Citrated Caffeine ^= 1-4 Alkaloid 4 oz. \ Ceriimi Oxalate 8 oz. Starch 13 oz. Milk-sugar 6J oz. Acacia-starch-paste 12 oz. Total weight dry, i>\ lb. Die, f inch. Weight, 6i gr. FORMULARY 189 Nausea 2 Bismuth Subnitrate 2 lb. 2 Cerium Oxalate 2 lb. 1-12 Cocaine Hydrochloride 583 gr. Starch 14 oz. Milk-sugar 6^ oz. Acacia-starch-paste 8 oz. Total weight dry, si lb. Dissolve the cocaine in about one ounce of water and mix with the paste before granulating. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, $i gr. Nerve Tonic i-io Zinc Phosphide 700 gr. i Ext. Nux Vomica 4 oz. I Iron, Reduced i lb. Cane-sugar 7^ oz. Total weight dry, if lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i| gr. Neuralgic, Brown-Sequard I Ext. Hyoscyamus lof oz. I Ext. Conium Fruit lof oz. i Ext. Ignatia 8 oz. i Ext. Opium 8 oz. i Ext. Aconite Si oz. i Ext. Cannabis Ind 4 oz. ^ Ext. Stramonium Seed 1400 gr. i Ext. Belladonna 1167 gr. 190 TABLET MANUFACTURE Starch i lb. Milk-sugar i lb. Yellow Dextrin 8 oz. Total weight dry, s lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Neuralgic, Gross 2 Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136) ... 2 lb. 1-20 Arsenous Acid = 1-2 Trituration, JO ^^ I (p. 115). 8 oz. 1-30 Strychnine Sulphate = 1-3 Trituration, 10^^ i (p. 142) . 2333 gr. 1-20 Morphine Sulphate 35° gr. \ Ext. Aconite Leaf 8 oz. Starch 10 oz. Acacia 2 oz. Total weight dry, 4 lb. Die, 11-32 inch. ' Weight, 4 gr. Neuralgic Headache, Myers S Sodium Bromide, powdered S Ih. \ Citrated Caffeine = ^-.^ i4/&oWii .. 4 oz. I Acetanilid i lb. \ Ext. Hyoscyamus 8 oz. 1-50 Morphine Sulphate 140 gr. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Total weight dry, 7 lb. Triturate the powders together and granulate with the extract, previously thinned by warming. FORMULARY 191 and, if necessary, by the addition of a small quan- tity of water. Usually, no lubricant is necessary. Die, I inch. Weight, 7 gr. Nitroglycerin, 1-100 Gr. i-ioo Nitroglycerin =: 7-ro Jo% sol 700 gr. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 4305 gr. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Granulate the mixed sugars with the nitrogly- cerin solution, adding water as necessary. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Normal Salt Solution 30.9 Sodium Chloride, C. P 30.9 lb. Die, f inch. Weight, 30.9 gr. (2 gm.) Nux and Ignatia Comp. I Tr. Nux Vomica = i-jo Ext.. . 140 gr. I Tr. Ignatia = 1-4.0 Ext. 175 gr. S Tr. Cinchona = 1-4 Ext. 4 oz. I Tr. Matricaria = i-zo Fl. Ext. 700 min. I Tr. Gentian Comp. = 3-20 Fl. Ext. 1050 min. \ Tr. Calttmba = x-20 Fl. Ext. .. 350 min. 1-300 Phosphorus 23 gr. I Aromatic Powder i lb. Starch 6 oz. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Acacia 2 oz. Total weight dry, 2 lb. 192 TABLET MANUFACTURE Add the phosphorus to the dry granulation of the other ingredients as directed under Aphro- disiac (which see). It is advisable to add to the granulation a few drops of the oils representing the spices of the aromatic powder. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2 gr. Nux and Pepsin i-ioo Nux Vomica, powdered 7° gr. i-io Pepsin (insoluble) powdered 700 gr. Cane-sugar 3605 gr. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Opium, Powdered, 1 Gr. I Opium, powdered i lb. Starch 4 oz. Total weight, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Opium and Camplior i Opium, powdered 4 oz. i Camphor 4 oz. Cane-sugar 2 oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight, i^ lb. Dry quickly at low temperature. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. FORMULARY 193 Opium and Lead Acetate i Opium, powdered 4 oz. f Lead Acetate 12 oz. Starch S oz. Boric Acid 2 J oz. Acacia-starch-paste 4 oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i-J gr. Ox-Gall Comp. I Purified Ox-gall i lb. I Pancreatin i lb. i Ext. Colocynth Comp 4 oz. i Quinine Hydrochloride 8 oz. I Ext. Nux Vomica 2 oz. I Ext. Dandelion i lb. Starch 14 oz. Liquorice Root, powdered 4 oz. Total weight, dry, 4^ lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 4^ gr. Papain Comp. I Papain i lb. i Willow Charcoal 8 oz. 2^ Sodium Bicarb 2^ lb. Milk-sugar 2 oz. Cane-sugar 12 oz. Oil Wintergreen 2 dr. Mucilage Acacia 10% q. s. Total weight dry, 5 lb. 194 TABLET MANUFACTURE Add the oil wintergreen to the granulation. Die, s-i6 inch. Weight, $ gr. Paregoric, 10 Min. 10 Paregoric, U. S. P. = ' I-2S Opium, powdered 280 gr. I-2S Camphor 280 gr. 1-23 Benzoic Acid 280 gr I-2S Oil Anise 280 gr. Milk-sugar 3455 gr. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Add the camphor, dissolved in the oil anise to the dry granulation of the other ingredients. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, \\ gr. Pepsin, 5 Gr. 5 Pepsin, insoluble, powdered 5 lb. Starch or milk-sugar i lb. Total weight, 6 lb. Granulate with alcohol. Die, I inch. Weight, 6 gr. Pepsin, Bismuth, and Charcoal 2 Pepsin, insoluble, powdered 2 lb. 2 Bismuth Subnitrate 2 lb. 2 Charcoal, wood 2 lb. Cane-sugar i lb. Total weight, 7 lb. Die, I inch. Weight, 7 gr. FORMULARY 195 Pepsin, Pancreatin Comp. I Pepsin, insoluble, powdered i lb. I Pancreatin i lb. i Celery Seed, powdered 4 oz. i Calcium Lactophosphate 4 oz. Milk-sugar i lb. Total weight, 3 J lb. Granulate with alcohol. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. Pepsin Pancreatin Comp. No. 2 f Pepsin, insoluble, powdered 12 oz. f Pancreatin 12 oz. 2 Bismuth Subnitrate 2 lb. I Sodium Bicarbonate i lb. J Ginger, powdered 8 oz. 1-12 Ext. Nux Vomica 583 gr. Milk-sugar 7 oz. Total weight dry, 5^^ lb. Granulate with diluted alcohol. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, si gr. Plienacetine, 5 Gr. See Acetanilid, Aromatic. Plienacetine and Salol 2^ Phenacetine 2^ lb. 2i Salol 2i lb. Starch li lb. Syrup 4 oz. Total weight dry, 6i lb. 196 TABLET MANUFACTURE Granulate with 4 oz. syrup mixed with sufficient alcohol to thoroughly moisten. Dry at a tempera- ture below 104° F. Die, f inch. Weight, 6^ gr. Placebo (Blank). White. Milk-sugar 1 lb. Cane-sugar i lb. Total weight, 2 lb. Die, 7-32 inch, with flat punches. Weight, 2 gr. Pink. Same as white with addition of Erythrosin D 15 gr. or Carmine Solution (p, 94) q. s. Brown. Same as white with addition of Burnt Umber q. s. Yellow. Same as white with addition of Alcoholic Tr. Curcuma (p. 95) q. s. Podophyllin, 1-4 Qr. See Aloin, J gr. Poke Juice, 2 Min. 2 Poke Juice = 2 Trituration (p. 132) 2 lb. Granulate with diluted alcohol. Die, i inch, or 7-32 inch with flat punches. Weight, 2 gr. FORMULARY 197 Potassium Arsetiite See Fowler's Solution. Potassium Bicarbonate, 5 Qr. 5 Potassitun Bicarbonate, No. i6 5 lb. Lubricant usually unnecessary. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Potassium Bromide See Ammonium Bromide. Potassium Chlorate, 5 Gr. 5 Potassium Chlorate, No. 16 5 lb. (Seep. 134) No lubricant. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Potassium Chlorate and Borax 2^ Potassium Chlorate, No. 16 aj lb. 2^ Borax, powdered 2^ lb. Syrup, 3 vol. Water, i vol q. s. Total weight dry, 5^ lb. Granulate the borax with the syrup and water. Dry and lubricate with oil. Mix with the potas- sium chlorate gently. Die, I inch. Weight, sJ gr. Potassium Iodide, 5 Gr. 5 Potassium Iodide, granular S lb. No lubricant. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. 198 TABLET MANUFACTURE Potassium Nitrate, 5 Gr. 5 Potassium Nitrate. No. i6 S lb. No lubricant. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Potassium Permanganate, 1 Gr. I Potassium Permanganate, No. 20 i lb. Sift free from dust with number 50 sieve. No lubricant. (See p. 135). Die, 3-16 inch, or 5-32 inch. Weight, i gr. Quinine Bisulpliate, 2 Gr. a Quinine Bisulphate 2 lb. Syrup, 3 vol. Water, i vol q. s. Total weight dry, 2 lb. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2 gr. Quinine and Capsicum 3 Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136) 2 lb. J Capsicum, powdered 4 oz. Starch 8 oz. Cane-sugar 7i oz. Acacia, powdered 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 6 oz. Total weight dry, 3^ lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 3 J gr. Quinine, Iron, and Arsenic 2 Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136) . . 2 lb. I Iron, Reduced i lb. FORMULARY 199 1-50 Arsenous Acid= 1-5 Trit. 10 = 1 . 1400 gr. Starch 12 oz. Cane-sugar Si oz. Acacia-starch-paste 8 oz. Total weight dry, 4 J lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 4^ gr. Quinine Sulpliate, 2 Gr. 2 Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136) 2 lb. Starch 8 oz. Cane-sugar 7i oz. Acacia, powdered 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 6 oz. Total weight dry, 3^ lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. Rheumatic 7i Sodium Salicylate 7i lb. 2 Sodium Bicarbonate 2 lb. 2 J Wine Colchicum Seed*=j-* Fl. Ext si oz. q. s. Oil Wintergreen 350 min. Starch li lb. Acacia i oz. Acacia-starch-paste li pt. Total weight dry, iij lb. Die, i inch. Weight, iij gr. *U. S. F.1890. 200 TABLET MANUFACTURE Rhinitis. 1-2 Strenstli i Camphor 4 oz. i Fl. Ext. Belladonna (Rt.) 875 min. i Qtiinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136) 4 oz. Cane-sugar 6 oz. Milk-sugar 6 oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Rhubarb and Ipecac Comp., No. 2 2 i?hubarb, powdered 2 lb. i Ipecac, powdered 4 oz. 1-20 Peppermint, Oil 350 min. i ^loes, Socotrine, powdered 8 oz. S iVux Vomica Tr. = 1-10 Ext. . . . 700 gr. S Sodium Bicarbonate 5 lb. Curcuma, powdered 2^ oz. Tr. Shellac, 10% (p. 137) q. s. Total weight dry, 8 lb. Granulate the rhubarb, 4 oz. aloes, and ext. nux vomica with water. Granulate the ipecac, 4 oz. aloes, soda, and curcuma with the tr. shellac. Dry separately. Mix and add the oil peppermint. Die, 15-16 (or i) inch. Weight, 8 gr. FORMULARY 201 Rhubarb and Ipecac Comp. I Rhubarb, powdered i lb. S Sodium Bicarbonate 5 lb. \ Ipecac, powdered a oz. 1-20 Oil Peppermint 350 min. Starch 3 oz. Curcuma, powdered ai oz. Tr. Shellac, 10% (p. 137) q. s. Total weight dry, 6^ lb. Granulate the rhubarb and starch with water. Granulate the soda, ipecac, and curcuma with the tr. shellac. Dry separately. Mix and add the oil peppermint. Die, I inch. Weight, 6J gr. Rhubarb and Soda Comp. ij Rhubarb, powdered ij lb. i§ Sodium Bicarbonate 1 J lb. i-io Oil Peppermint , 700 min. Starch 3 oz. Curcuma, powdered | oz. Tr. Shellac, 10 % (p. 137) q. s. Total weight dry, 3J lb. Granulate same as in Rhubarb and Ipecac Comp. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. Note. — On a small scale this tablet may be compressed without granulation. The powdered rhubarb and soda are mixed and compressed, and the oil sprayed on. See page 137. 202 TABLET MANUFACTURE Saccharin, 1-2 Or. i Saccharin 8 oz. Milk-sugar 12 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Granulate with acacia mucilage, 10 %, and com- press rather soft. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Saccharin, 1-2 Qr. with Soda i Saccharin 8 oz. J Sodium Bicarbonate, gran. (p. 140) 8 oz. Milk-sugar 4 oz. Total weight, li lb. Granulate the saccharin and milk-sugar with mucilage acacia, 10%. Mix the dry granulation with the sodium bicarbonate granulation. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Salicin, 5 Gr. See Acid, Salicylic, 5 gr. Salol, 5 Gr. S Salol S lb. Starch i lb. Syrup 8 oz. Alcohol q. s. Total weight dry, 6^ lb. FORMULARY 203 Mix sufficient alcohol with the syrup to granu- late the mixed powders. Dry at a temperature below 104° F. Die, I inch. Weight, 6^ gr. Santonin, 1-2 Gr. J Santonin 8 oz. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 2 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Protect from light throughout operation. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i^ gr. Santonin and Calomel i Santonin 8 oz. i-io Calomel 700 gr. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 175 gr. Total weight, i^ lb. Protect from light. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, li gr. Sedative I Ext. Valerian i lb. I Ext. Sumbul I lb. I Asafetida, Purified i lb- Starch i lb- Yellow Dextrin 8 oz. Milk-sugar li lb- Total weight dry, 5 lb. Die, I inch. Weight, 5 gr. 204 TABLET MANUFACTURE Soda Mint 4 Sodium Bicarb., gran. (p. 140) 4 lb. i Ammonium Carbonate 4 oz i Oil Peppermint 1167 min. Total weight without oil, 4^ lb. Grind sufficient ammonium carbonate to yield 4 ounces number 20 granule, free from powder which will pass through a ntmiber 50 hair sieve. Lubricate the soda granulation with about J ounce oil of peppermint and add the ammonium carbon- ate. Spray the compressed tablets with the bal- ance of the oil. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 4^ gr. Soda Mint, "Commercial" 5 Sodium Bicarb., gran. (p. 140) 5 lb. q. s. Oil Peppermint i oz. Die, s-16 inch. Weight, 5 gr. This is the variety usually sold in bulk and in packages for retailing. Sodium Arsenate, 1-10 Gr. i-io Sodium Arsenate, Trit. ( p. 139) . . . 700 gr. Cane-sugar 3675 gr. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. FORMULARY 205 Sodium Benzoate See Lithium Benzoate. Sodium Bicarbonate, 5 Gr. S Sodium Bicarb., gran. (p. 140) 5 lb Lubricant, oil. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Sodium Bromide See Ammonium Bromide. Sodium Phosphate, Dried See Lithium Benzoate. Sodium Salicylate, 5 Or. S Sodium Salicylate 5 lb. q. s. Oil Wintergreen Spray Starch 12 oz. Gelatin (or best white glue) 12 oz. Total weight, 6^ lb. Soak the gelatin in warm water (about 6 to 8 ounces) until dissolved, and granulate the mixed powders with it. When dry, sift out and reserve for a subsequent use all powder passing through a number 50 sieve. Lubricants, oil, 1%; talc, 3 % ; mixed with starch, 2 %. Die, I inch. Weight, 6J gr. Sodium Salicylate Comp. 3 Sodium Salicylate 3 lb. i Ext. Colchicum Rt 8 oz. 206 TABLET MANUFACTURE I Tr. Digitalis,* ^^3-80 Ext 263 gr. Starch 14 oz. Acacia si oz. Total weight dry, 4 J lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 4J gr. Sodium Sulphite Comp. (Antiferment.) I Sodium Stilphite i lb. I Acid, Salicylic i lb. i Ext. Nux Vomica 2 oz. i Capsicum, powdered 2 oz. i-io Ipecac, powdered 700 gr. Starch 9 oz. Acacia 2 oz Total weight dry, 3 lb. Die, 5-16 inch. Weight, 3 gr. Sodium Sulpliocarbolate, 2 1-2 Gr. 2J Sodium Sulphocarbolate, crystal, (no. 16 gran.) 2^ lb. No lubricant. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2^ gr. Sparteine Sulphate, 1-4 Gr. i Sparteine Sulphate 4 oz. Cane-sugar 4 oz. Milk-sugar 12 oz. Total weight, i^ lb. Avoid excess of moistening agent. Die, 7-32 inch Weight, ij gr. FORMULARY 207 Stomachic i Pepsin, insoluble, powdered 4 oz. i Ext. Nux Vomica 4 oz. i Charcoal, wood 4 oz. i Capsiciim, powdered 4 oz. Milk-sugar 5 oz. Total weight dry, i^ lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, li gr. Strontium Bromide See Ammonium Bromide. Strontium Salicylate See Sodium Salicylate. Strychnine Nitrate See Acid, Arsenous. Strychnine Sulphate See Acid, Arsenous. Sulphur, 5 Gr. 5 Sulphur, washed 5 lb. Starch laj oz. Acacia-starch-paste 8 oz. Total weight dry, 6 lb. Die, I inch. Weight, 6 gr. 208 TABLET MANUFACTURE Sulphur Comp. 5 Sulphur, washed S lb 2 Cream Tartar 2 lb i-ioo Ext. Ipecac 70 gr 1-500 Oleoresin Capsicum 14 min, i-iooo Acid, Arsenous = i-ioo Trit. 10 = x 70 gr \ Calcium " Sulphide " 2 oz Starch 16^ oz Acacia-starch-paste 12 oz Total weight dry, 8^ lb Die, 7-16 inch. Weight, SJ gr Sun Cholera Mixture, 15 Min. 3 Tr. Opitun, = .23 Ext. U. S. P 1610 gr 3 Tr. Rhubarb, =^ 1-8 Extract 2 oz 3 Tr. Capsicum, ^^1-50 Oleoresin .... 140 min 3 Sp. Camphor, ^ j-7-0 Camphor 2100 gr 3 Sp. Peppermint, = 3-10 Oil 2100 min Starch 8 oz Milk-sugar 12 oz Acacia (in mucilage) 2 oz Total weight dry, without oil, 2 lb Spray or drop oil peppermint. Die, 9-3? inch. Weight, 2 gr, Syphilitic 2 J Potas. Iodide, granular 2| lb 1-40 Corrosive Sublimate 175 gr Ammonium Chloride, granular. . 1575 gr Total weight, 2f lb FORMULARY 209 Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in a little alco- hol, and add to the mixed granular salts. Mix thoroughly, dry, and compress without lubricant. The ammonium chloride is used merely as an excipient to adjust the weight of the tablets to the nearest fourth of a grain. Die, i inch. Weight, 2| gr. Tartar Emetic See Copper Arsenite. Terpin Hydrate See Acid, Salicylic. Terpin Hydrate and Codeine 2 Terpin Hydrate 2 lb. i Codeine Sulph 2 oz. Starch 8 oz. Acacia-starch-paste S oz. Total weight dry, 2f lb. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2f gr. Terpin Hydrate and Heroin 2i Terpin Hydrate 2^ lb. 1-16 Heroin i oz. Starch 8* oz. Acacia-starch-paste 6 oz. Total weight dry, 34 lb. Die, S-16 inch. Weight, 3^ gr. 14 210 TABLET MANUFACTURE Throat, Cocaine I-I2 Cocaine Hydrochloride 583 gr. i-io Oleoresin Cubeb 700 min. i Benzoic Acid 8 oz. 2 Potas. Chlorate, powdered 2 lb. q. s. Ext. Liquorice, powdered 8 oz. Cane-sugar i lb. 9J oz. Tragacanth, powdered 4 oz. Total weight, 5 lb. Mix the benzoic acid with the sugar and traga- canth. Moisten evenly with water in which the cocaine hydrochloride has been dissolved. While moist, mix in the powdered extract liquorice and potassium chlorate. Granulate and dry at low temperature. The potassium chlorate is liable to cause spontaneous combustion if overheated, and the granulation should be constantly watched, and removed from the drier as soon as possible. The oleoresin cubeb is, of course, added with the lubricating oil. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Throat Mentholic 1-3S Menthol 200 gr. 1-280 Cocaine Hydrochloride 25 gr, 1-80 Oil Anise 88 min 1-12 Benzoic Acid 583 gr 1-16 Eucalyptol i oz Cane-sugar 4 lb. 13 oz Total weight, 5 lb FORMULARY 211 Dissolve the cocaine in water, mix with the sugar, and granulate. Warm the other ingredients together until dissolved, and use as a lubricant. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. It is frequently desirable to make a tablet similar to this, but milder and larger. The cocaine is better omitted when the tablet is used to supply a popular demand. 1-50 Menthol 140 gr. 1-50 Oil Anise (or Wintergreen) 140 min. 1-12 Benzoic Acid 583 gr. 1-32 Eucalyptol J oz. Cane-sugar 9 lb. 14 oz. Total weight, 10 lb. Die, i inch. Weight, 10 gr. Tonic, Aiken I Quinine Sulphate, Trit. (p. 136). i lb. I Iron, Reduced lof oz. 1-50 Arsenous Acid = v-j- Tn/. -TO = z 1400 gr. 1-50 Strychnine Sulphate = J'-J Trii. 10 — 1 1400 gr. i Ext. Gentian 4 oz. Starch 6 oz. Acacia 2 oz. Total weight dry, 2f lb. Die, 9-32 inch. Weight, 2i gr. 212 TABLET MANUFACTURE Tonsilitis I Tr. Aconite, * = 7-700 Fl. Ext . 490 min. i-io Tr. Bryonia, * = 7-7-00 Fl. Ext. 70 min. i-io Tr. Belladonna, * = 3-200 Fl. Ext 105 min. i-ioo Mercuric Iodide, Red 70 gr. Cane-sugar 9f oz. Milk-sugar 10 oz. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, i\ gr. Tonsilitis Gargle 3 Sodium Salicylate 3 lb. 3 Sodium Bicarbonate 3 lb. 3 Boric Acid 3 lb. I Zinc Sulphocarbolate i lb. q. s. Oil Wintergreen 350 min. Syrup, 3 vol. Water, i vol q. s. Total weight dry, loj lb. Reserve 8 ounces of the boric acid for lubricant. Die, \ inch. Weight, loj gr. Triple Bromides, 6 Qr. 2 Ammonium Bromide, granular 2 lb. 2 Potassium Bromide, granular 2 lb. 2 Sodium Bromide, granular 2 lb. Total weight, 6 lb. •U.S. p. 1890. FORMULARY 213 Dry thoroughly and compress warm without lubricant. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 6 gr. Two other strengths of Triple Bromides are in common use; 7^ gr. (2^ gr. each) and 15 gr. (5 gr. each). The 7^ gr. requires | inch die; the 15 gr., 7-16 inch. Triple Iodides 1-30 Mercuric Iodide, Red 233 gr. 1-40 Arsenic Iodide 175 gr. 1-12 Iron Iodide 583 gr. Ammonium Chloride, granular. ... 17! oz. Total weight, ij lb. Triturate the iodides together with alcohol to a thin paste. Gradually mix in the ammonium chloride, adding sufficient alcohol to evenly dis- tribute. Dry, sift, and compress without lubri- cant. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Triple Sulpbocarbolates 2 Calcium Sulphocarbolate 2 lb. 2 Sodium Sulphocarbolate 2 lb. I Zinc Sulphocarbolate i lb. Syrup, 3 vol. Water, i vol q- s. Total weight. dry, si lb. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, si gr. 214 TABLET MANUFACTURE Triple Valerianates I Quinine Valerianate i lb. I Iron Valerianate i lb. 1 Zinc Valerianate i lb. Starch 15 oz. Cane-sugar iif oz. Acacia 2 oz. Acacia-starch-paste 8 oz. Total weight dry, 5 lb. On account of the persistent and penetrating odor of the valerianates, the precaution should be taken to keep them away from other drugs, tab- lets, etc., as well as from unnecessary utensils. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. Vaginal Astringent 2 Alum, powdered 2 lb. 2 Zinc Sulphate 2 lb. 2 Tannic Acid 2 lb. I Fl. Hydrastis, colorless, = 1-40 Hydrastine Sulphate 175 gr. 3 Boric Acid 3 lb. Cane-sugar 2J lb. Total weight dry, 10 lb. Mix the powders, except the tannic acid and 8 ounces of the boric acid. Moisten with water, mix in the tannic acid, and granulate. Lubricate with the 8 ounces boric acid. Compress rather soft. Die, 9-16 inch. Weight, 10 gr. FORMULARY 215 Viburnum Comp. (See p. 112) Warburg Tincture, 1 Dram I Ext. Aloes, aqueous * i lb. 7-16 Rhubarb, No. 40 7 oz. 7-16 Angelica Seed, No. 40 7 oz. 7-32 Elecampane, No. 40 3^^ oz. 7-32 Saffron, Spanish, powdered 3J oz. 7-32 Fennel = 1-30 Oil 140 min. 7-64 Gentian, No. 40 ij oz. 7-64 Cubeb = i-so Oleoresin 140 min. 7-64 Zedoary Root, No. 40 if oz. 7-64 Myrrh, powdered if oz. 7-64 White Agaric, No. 40 if oz. 7-64 Camphor i| oz. i^ Quinine Sulph. Trit. (p. 136) . i lb. 4 oz. Starch i lb. 4 oz. Milk-sugar 12 oz. Total weight dry, 5 lb. Mix the rhubarb, angelica seed, elecampane, gentian, zedoary, and agaric, and exhaust by percolation with diluted alcohol. Reduce to brit- tleness with the extract aloes, on water- or steam- bath. While still warm mix in starch and milk- sugar. Cool and reduce to fine powder. Add the saffron, myrrh, and quinine, and granulate. Dissolve the camphor in the oil and oleoresin and add to the dry granulation. Die, 11-32 inch. Weight, 5 gr. * or Purified Aloes 216 TABLET MANUFACTURE Zinc Phosphide, 1-10 Gr. i-io Zinc Phosphide 700 gr. Cane-sugar 10 oz. Milk-sugar 3675 gr. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, li gr. Zinc Phosphide and Ext. Nux Vomica i-io Zinc Phosphide 700 gr. i Ext. Nux Vomica 4 oz. Cane-sugar 7 oz. Milk-sugar 3675 gr. Total weight dry, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. Zinc Sulphocarbolate, 1 Gr. I Zinc Sulphocarbolate i lb. Cane-sugar 4 oz. Total weight, ij lb. Die, 7-32 inch. Weight, ij gr. INDEX. Abbreviations 13 Absorbents 35. 44 Acacia 35,36 -Starch-Paste 43 Acetanilid, Treatment of 115 Acid, Arsenous, Treatment of 115 Boric, as Lubricant 60, 63 Treatment of 115 Salicylic, Treatment of 115 Tannic, Treatment of 116 Adhesives 35. 36 Alcohol 35 Aloin, Treatment of 116 Alum, Treatment of 116 Ammonium Bromide, Treatment of 116 Chloride, as Base 35, 39 Treatment of 117 Iodide, Treatment of 117 Salicylate, Treatment of 117 Aniline Dyes, List of. Forbidden 91 Permitted 87 Antipyrine, Treatment of 117 Acid, Arsenous, Treatment of 115 Bases 35. 3^ Bellows for Dusting (foot-note) 84 Blaud's Mass, Treatment of 117 Blue Mass, Treatment of 118 217 218 INDEX Boric Acid, as Lubricant 60, 63 Treatment of 115 Caffeine, Treatment of 118 Citrated, Treatment of 118 Calcined Magnesia 35. 45. 49 Calcium Sulphide, Treatment of 119 Calomel, Treatment of 119 Camphor, Treatment of 119 Monobromated, Treatment of 120 Cane-sugar 35. 3^, 38 Cannabin, Treatment of 120 Capping 78 Caramel 91, 96 Carmin 87,94 Cascarin, Treatment of 120 Catechu, Treatment of 120 Cerium Oxalate, Treatment of 120 Charcoal, as Coloring Agent 86 Treatment of 120 Chemicals, Treatment of 46 Chloral, Hydrated, Treatment of 122 Cinchonidine Salicylate, Treatment of 122 Sulphate, Treatment of 122 Cinchonine Sulphate, Treatment of 122 Cocaine Hydrochloride, Treatment of 122 Codeine and its Salts, Treatment of 122 Coloring 85 Colors, List of. Forbidden 91 Permitted 87 Compressing 64 Machines 64 Setting up 68 INDEX 219 Construction of Fonnulas 98, 100, 107 Copper Arsenite, Treatment of 122 Corrosive Sublimate, Treatment of 122 Creosote, Treatment of 124 Cudbear 85,95 Curcuma (Turmeric) 85, 89, 95 Dextrin, White 35. 38 Yellow 35, 40 -Starch-Paste 43 Dies and Punches 70 Choice of Size of 74 Digitalin, Treatment of 124 Disintegrator (Starch) 3Si 4° Dover's Powder, Treatment of 125 Drugs, Treatment of 47 Drying Closets 31. 32 Dust from Tablets, Use for 84 Removal from Tablets 84 Dyes, Aniline, List of. Forbidden 91 Permitted 87 Effervescent Tablets 55 Elixirs, Treatment of 51 Ergotin, Treatment of See Extracts, Solid ... 48 Excipients 35 Extracts, Fluid, Treatment of 47 Powdered, Treatment of 50 Sohd, Treatment of 48 Percentage of weight lost in drying. . . 48 Flour 35- 38 -Starch-Paste 43 Fluid Extracts, Treatment of 47 Formulary i44 220 INDEX Formulas, Construction of 98 Fowler's Solution, Treatment of 125 French Chalk 60, 62 Garantose, Treatment of 138 Gelatin 35. 38 Glucose 35. 37 Glycerin 48 As Remedy for Capping 82 Gold and Sodium Chloride, Treatment of . . 125 Granulating 24 Machine 31 Sieves 28, 30 Granulation, List of Substances not Requiring 33 Guaiac, Treatment of 125 Gum, Cherry 35. 38 -Starch-Paste 43 Heroin and its Salts, Treatment of 126 History 9 Iron, Reduced, Treatment of 126 Lampblack 86, 96 Lead Acetate, Treatment of 126 Lime, Treatment of 127 Liquorice Root, Powdered 35. 4^ Lithium Benzoate, Treatment of 128 Carbonate, Treatment of 55, 128 Citrate, Treatment of 55, 128 Salicylate, Treatment of 128 Lozenges, Construction of Formulas 113 Lubricating 60 Machines, Compressing 64 Setting up 68 Magnesiimi Carbonate 35, 45, 49 INDEX 221 Magnesium Oxide 3Si 45. 49 Manganese Dioxide, Treatment of 128 Menthol, Treatment of 128 Mercury Biniodide, Red, Treatment of 129 (ic) Chloride (Corrosive Subli- mate) Treatment of 122 (ous) Chloride (Calomel) Treatment of . . 119 Protiodide, Yellow, Treatment of 129 With Chalk, Treatment of 129 Milk-sugar 35. 39. 45 Mills, Ball and Pebble 18 Chaser 20 Grinding 28 Pot 20 Mixers, Cylindrical 27 Powder 18 Spiral 25 Mixing 25 Apparatus 25,27 Moistening Agents 35 Morphine Sulphate, Treatment of 129 Mortars and Pestles 15 With Power 16 Nitroglycerin, Treatment of 129 Oil, Lubricating 60 Oils, Volatile, Treatment of 51 Opium, Powdered, Treatment of 130 Pancreatin, Treatment of 130 Papain, Papoid, Treatment of 130 Pepsin, Treatment of 130 Pharmaceutical Preparations, Treatment of . . . 47 Phenacetine, Treatment of 130 222 INDEX Phenyl Salicylate (Salol), Treatment of . . 138 Phosphorus, Treatment of 130 Phytolacca (Poke) Juice, Treatment of 132 Picking 60, 62, 82 Podophyllin, Treatment of 133 Potassium Arsenite, Treatment of 133 Bicarbonate, Treatment of 134 Bromide, Treatment of 134 Chlorate, Treatment of 134 Iodide, Treatment of 135 Nitrate, Treatment of 135 Permanganate, Treatment of 135 Powdered Extracts, Treatment of 50 Pressure, Regulation of 78 Punches and Dies 70 Choice of Size 74 Quinine Bisulphate, Treatment of 136 Sulphate, Treatment of 136 Resinoids, Treatment of 51 Resins, Treatment of 51 Rhubarb, Treatment of 137 Rust, Removal from Punches and Dies 71 Saccharin, Treatment of 138 Salicin, Treatment of 138 Salol, Treatment of 138 Salt, Common, as Base 35. 39 Santonin, Treatment of 139 Sienna, Burnt 86 Sieves, Granulating 28, 30 Siftings from Tablets, Use for 84 Sodium Arsenate, Treatment of 139 Benzoate, Treatment of 140 INDEX 223 Bicarbonate, Treatment bf 140 Bromide, Treatment of 140 Phosphate, Dried, Treatment of 141 Salicylate, Treatment of 141 Sulphocarbolate, Treatment of 141 Solid Extracts, Treatment of 48 Sparteine Sulphate, Treatment of 142 Starch 35. 4o, 45 Com 41 Introduction of 41 -Paste 42 Potato 41 Sticking 60, 83 Strontium Bromide, Treatment of 142 Iodide, Treatment of 142 Salicylate, Treatment of 142 Strychnine and its Salts, Treatment of 142 Sugar, Cane 35. 3^. 3^ Milk 35. 39. 45 -Starch-Paste 42 Sulphur, Treatment of 142 Syrups, Treatment of 51 Talcum, as Lubricant 60, 62 Tartar Emetic, Treatment of 142 Terpin Hydrate, Treatment of 142 Tinctures, Treatment of 47 Tragacanth 35. 37 Triturate Tablets, Construction of Formulas for 100 Triturating 15. 21 Apparatus 1 5 Tully's Powder, Treatment of 142 224 INDEX Turmeric (Curcuma) 85, 89, 95 Turpeth Mineral, Treatment of 143 Umber, Burnt 86 Volatile Oils, Treatment of 51 Solids, Treatment of 55 Water 35. 36 Weight, Regulation of 76 Systems of 98 Variation in 77 Wines, Treatment of 47