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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028815947 
 
CITY HALL, LYNN, MASS. 
 
 ISee fage vii\ TOWN HALL, KING'S LYNN, ENGLAND. 
 
 («3) 
 
ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, KING'S LYNN, ENGLAND. 
 
 ii Liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinni'i iiiiiiuijiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiia i MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiBiininiiiuiijjpM^^ 
 
 [Seepage vii.l ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH, LYNN, MASS. [a cj 
 
Alonzo Lewis — At age of 37. Alonzo Lewis — At age of 63. 
 
 Poet and Historian. 
 
 Charles F. Lummus — At age of 32, 
 First Lynn Printer. 
 \See page vm.l 
 
 James R. Newhall — At age of 38. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 LYNN, 
 
 ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS ; 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 LTI^NFIELD, SAUGUS, 'SWAMPSOOTT, 
 
 NAHAK'T. 
 
 1883 YOLUME. 
 
 ^^f<*«^VgL^^ 
 
 ■C^«^g«.'^^C>-» 
 
 
 LYNN: 
 
 RINTED 
 
 FOR THE AUTHOR.^ 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 
 ^^ ... 
 
 
 { 'UWfUL, 
 
 1 . 
 
 UHIVI \-^B\) Y 
 
x; 
 
 
 A'^tD\^'^ 
 
 Entered' according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by 
 
 James R. Newhall, 
 in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 .I.I.IHHO;) L. E. C. A52 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 It may properly be remarked that the volume nuw in the 
 reader's hand, is intended in one sense to be complete in itself; 
 that is, to embody a general view of our history, from the begin- 
 ning of the settlement to the present time. Yet, so far as its 
 record is in the form of annals, it is supplementary to the 1865 
 edition of the History of Lynn ; and the reader as he proceeds 
 will find many references to that work. This course was adopted 
 for the purpose of economising in the matter of space, by avoiding 
 repetition, and at the same time apprising the reader where further 
 information upon a given topic might be found. For the same 
 general purpose, also, occasional reference is made to the " Cen- 
 tennial Memorial." And the writer is, on the whole, prepared to 
 claim, with some confidence, that this volume, in connection with 
 that of 1865, embodies a full and reliable history of the place 
 from the first settlement, in 1629 down to 1882, with as few 
 repetitions, reviews, or recapitulations as would be consistent 
 with an intelligent and comprehensive view. 
 
 There has been no waste space to be provided for ; and some 
 things have been omitted with hesitancy, where the press of 
 matter upon the writer's attention allowed him only the privilege 
 of choice ; a privilege that he has always exercised in a manner 
 that seemed most desirable for the reader. 
 
 There is, in a work of this kind, far more danger of omission 
 than redundancy. And it is almost certain that the reader will 
 
 (iii) 
 
iv Preface. 
 
 think of some topic which it appears to him has not been set 
 forth with desirable fullness. But before concluding that there 
 is an omission, accidental or intentional, it would be well to 
 consider whether the matter is of general interest or of interest 
 only to himself and perhaps a few others, or to any limited or 
 particular class. 
 
 While it has not been thought expedient, when speaking 
 of persons, to extenuate in a degree to give false coloring to 
 character, nothing has been- set down in malice. The endeavor 
 has been to give an honest and fair account of whoever and 
 whatever has come under notice. 
 
 With the reception of his former imperfect works by those 
 whose opinions are of value, the writer has had abundant reason 
 to be pleased ; and all courteous and well-intended suggestions 
 have been gratefully received and duly considered. Whether 
 his escape from criticism is attributable to excellence or insig- 
 nificance is a question about which he need not trouble himself. 
 The unfledged critic, as every writer knows, often fancies that 
 he has demolished an author when he has only amused him. 
 And it is well for both writer and reviewer to bear in mind that 
 no author can be written down by any pen but his own — nor 
 written up, as to that matter. 
 
 That the book is entirely free from error, is beyond the bound 
 of expectation, though much care has been taken to have all the 
 statements correct. It would be extreme arrogance to claim for it 
 what perhaps no other printed book ever yet possessed — perfect 
 accuracy. A word is said, on page 253, touching the duties and 
 perplexities of authorship. And on page 251 an account is 
 given of the different editions of the History of Lynn. The pres- 
 ent volume corresponds in the size of page and general style 
 with that of 1865, and both are stereotyped. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 I. Introduction : beginning on page 9 : 
 
 This Section embraces remarks concerning the Northmen, 
 and their supposed early visits to our coast, together with 
 a brief notice of the Indians found here. 
 
 II. Annals : beginning on page 1 7 : 
 
 In this Section our history is brought forward, in the form 
 of Annals, from 1864 to 1882, the 1865 edition having, in 
 the same form, recorded events from the time of the first 
 settlement, in 1629, to said year 1864. 
 
 III. Biographical Sketches : beginning on page 97 : 
 
 In this Section appear, alphabetically arranged, the names 
 of more than two hundred individuals, some deceased, and 
 some now living, who have been residents of Lynn, with 
 sketches, more or less extended, of a large number who 
 have in various ways become conspicuous. 
 
 IV. Miscellaneous Notes: beginning on page 221 : 
 
 This Section is devoted to a collection of detached topics 
 connected with our history, chiefly illustrative of the condi- 
 tion of things at various periods. 
 
 V. Chronological Table : beginning on page 275 : 
 
 This summary is full, and intended of itself to give a com- 
 prehensive glance at our whole history, comprising notices 
 of remarkable events and interesting occurrences, with 
 details sufficient for a clear understanding. 
 
 (V) 
 
VI 
 
 Contents. 
 
 VI. Conclusion : beginning on page 285 : 
 
 In this Section appear compendious remarks of a somewhat 
 desultory character, but pertinent and in accord with the 
 general purpose of the volume. 
 
 VII. The Index : occupying the closing pages of the volume : 
 This contains all the personal names in the book, arranged 
 alphabetically with the subjects. 
 
 VI II. Pictorial Addenda : page 311. 
 
 TERRITORIAL DIAGRAM OF ANCIENT LYNN. 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Preceding the title-page are four pages of Illustrations, to wit : 
 
 1. Market street, Lynn, (south-west side,) as it appeared 
 
 in 1820. 
 
 2. Town Hall, King's Lynn, England, and City Hall, Lynn, 
 
 Mass. 
 
 3. St. Margaret's Church, King's Lynn, England, and St. 
 
 Stephen's, Church, Lynn, Mass. 
 
 4. Two Portraits of Alonzo Lewis, one of Charles F. Lummus, 
 
 and one of James R. Newhall. 
 
 Respecting each of these a word or two may properly be said : 
 
 Tlie View in Market Street gives, in two sections, the entire south-westerly side, as 
 it was sixty years ago. This drawing, and several others in the present volume, were 
 made by the skillful young draughtsman, William T. Oliver, of course from details 
 furnished by older persons. In his grandfather's shop — indicated by 22 — William 
 Lloyd Garrison worked at shoemaking. The writer well remembers the street as it 
 was at that period, and can confidently attest to the remarkable fidelity of the picture. 
 The Town Hall, and St. Margarets Church, of Lynn, England, were carefully 
 drawn,, by Mr. Oliver, from photographs kindly sent to the writer by Solicitor J. J. 
 Coulton. The Hall is ancient ; but the precise date of its erection seems doubtful. 
 The style, in the main parts at least, will be recognized as early English; though 
 additions have evidently been made, without a very careful eye to architectural unity. 
 The front is composed of alternate squares of flint and freestone, the former beauti- 
 fully squared and fitted. St. Margaret's was built about the year iioo, and hence is 
 now near eight hundred years old. It was built by the first Bishop of Norwich, who 
 also built the Cathedral at Norwich and Church of St. Nicholas at Yarmouth, to 
 expiate his simony. It was from the wall of this ancient temple that the stone which 
 with its friendly inscription rests in the vestibule of our St. Stephen's, was taken. 
 See page 86 ; also page 76. Pictures of our own City Hall, and St. Stephen's Church 
 
 (Vii) 
 
Vlll 
 
 Illustrations. 
 
 accompany these, but it is unnecessary to go into details here, concerning them, and 
 the reader is referred to pages 93 and 259. 
 
 The Portraits to some extent speak for themselves. The beardless one of Mr. 
 Lewis represents him at the age of 37, and -is copied from one of Pendleton's litho- 
 graphs, executed in 1831. Mr. L. himself considered it a good likeness ; and as he 
 showed it to the writer on the eve of the publication of his volume of poems, in 
 which it appeared, and elicited the innocent remark that it certainly did the subject 
 no injustice in the matter of personal appearance, he rather sharply intimated that 
 the critic's own discernment was not above criticism. The bearded one, which repre- 
 sents him at the age of 63, will be recognized by many who well remember him, as 
 very accurate. The likeness of Mr. Lummus represents him at the age of 32. It is 
 from a painting by Wheeler, who for some time made his home in Lynn — a good 
 artist, but in some respects an erratic character. Mr. L. thought it a good likeness ; 
 and so thought his friends. The remaining one of the four is from a daguerreotype 
 taken at the age of 38. These Portraits as they appear all on one page, seem a little 
 crowded, to be sure ; but then, in former years, the individuals not unfrequently 
 stood " shoulder to shoulder " in their labors, though it will not be claimed that the 
 air was invariably serene when the three met to make melody in the old Mirror 
 office, fifty years ago. 
 
 The other Illustrations, being generally accompanied by expla- 
 nations, seem to need nothing beyond mere enumeration here. 
 
 Autographs. A large number of fac-similes of interesting auto- 
 graphs appear in our volume, any one of which may be readily 
 found by referring to the index, under the head " Autographs." 
 
 Autographs. (See Index, page 295.) 
 Birth-place of Alonzo Lewis, 166. 
 Eurying-ground, first in Lynn, 291. 
 Comet of 1882, 283. 
 Cottage in which Mr. Lewis died, 167. 
 Cradle of Methodism — the old Johnson 
 
 house, Market street, 315. 
 Diagram, territorial, of old Lynn, vi. 
 Dwelling-houses, early fashions of, 224, 
 
 318, 319, 320. 
 Enoch R. Mudge's villa, 321. 
 Episcopal church, first in Lynn, 260. 
 Exchange block, 317. 
 First Parish meeting-houses, 311, 312, 
 
 313- 
 Hart or Haven house, (ancient) 224. 
 Indian signatures to deed of Lynn, 16. 
 
 Lewis, Alonzo, his birth-place, 166 ; the 
 cottage in which he died, 167. 
 
 Lover's Leap, 309. 
 
 Lyceum building, 30. 
 
 Odd Fellows' Hall, 55. 
 
 Old Tunnel meeting-house, 312. 
 
 Pumping engine house, 57. 
 
 Rail-road stations. First in Lynn, 316; 
 one of 1848, 40. 
 
 Rebecca Nurse house, 318. 
 
 Soldiers' monument, 59. 
 
 Sweetser building, 317. 
 
 View at Forest Place, 323. 
 
 View at Lynnmere, (Mineral Spring) 325. 
 
 View at residence of Jas. R. Newhall, 327. 
 
 Witch House, 320. 
 
 Witt's Rock, 309. 
 
HISTORY OF LYNN. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It has been a favorite custom with some New England histo- 
 rical writers to claim that our coast was not only discovered 
 but temporarily occupied, here and there, by the Northmen, or 
 Vickings, not far from the year looo. Mr. Bancroft, however, 
 rather treats the idea as fanciful ; and his opinion is certainly 
 sufficient to justify grave doubts. But without occupying space 
 to review the grounds on which of late much earnest disputation 
 has been indulged in, we will quote from Mr. Lewis a passage 
 that most concerns ourselves, and append to it a remark or two 
 which discoveries made since he wrote seem to require : 
 
 The Scandinavian manuscripts inform us that in the year 986, Eric the Red, an 
 Icelandic prince, emigrated to Greenland. In his company was Bardson, whose son 
 Biarne was then on a voyage td Norway. On his return, going in se'arch of his 
 father, he was driven far to sea, and discovered an unknown country. In the year 
 1000, Leif, a son of Eric, pursued the discovery of the new country, and sailed along 
 the coast as far as Rhode Island, where he made a settlement ; and because he found 
 grapes there, he called it Vineland. In 1002, Thorwald, his brother, went to Vine- 
 land, where he remained two years. 
 
 It is very reasonable to suppose that these voyagers, in sailing along the coast, 
 discovered Lynn, and it is even probable that they landed at Nahant. In 1004, we 
 are informed that Thorwald, leaving Vineland, or Rhode Island, " sailed eastward,. 
 and then northward, past i remarkable headland, enclosing a bay, and which was 
 opposite to another headland. They called it Kialarnes, or Keel-cape," from its 
 resemblance to the keel of a ship. There is no doubt that this was Cape Cod. And 
 as they had no map, and could not see Cape Ann, it is probable that the other head- 
 land was the Gurnet " From thence, they sailed along the eastern cciast of the land 
 to a promontory which there, projected— r probably Nahant — and which was every 
 
 (9) 
 
lo Introduction. 
 
 where covered with wood. Here Thorwald went ashore, with all his companions 
 He was so pleased with the place, that he exclaimed : ' Here it is beautiful 1 and 
 here I should like to fix my dwelling ! ' Afterwards, when they were prepared to go 
 on board, they observed on the sandy beach, within the promontory, three hillocks. 
 They repaired thither, and found three canoes, and under each three Skrellings — 
 (Indians.) They can\p to blows with them, and killed eight of them, but the ninth 
 escaped in his canoe. Afterwards a countless multitude of them came out from the 
 interior of the bay against them. They endeavored to protect themselves by raising 
 battle-screens on the ship's side. The Skrellings continued shooting at them for a 
 while and then retired. Thorwald had been wounded by an arrow under the arm. 
 When he found that the wound was mortal, he said, ' I now advise you to prepare 
 for your departure as soon as possible ; but me ye shall bring to the promontory 
 where I thought it good to dwell. It may be that it was a prophetic word which 
 fell from my mouth, about my abiding there for a season. There ye shall.bury me ; 
 and plant a cross at my head and also at my feet, and call the place Krossanes — 
 [the Cape of the Cross] — in all time coming.' He died, and they did as he had 
 ordered ; afterwards they returned." Antiquitates Americarue. xxx. 
 
 The question has arisen whether Krossanes was Nahant or Gurnet Point. There 
 is nothing remarkable about the latter place, and though so long a time has passed, 
 no person has thought it desirable to dwell there, but it is used as a sheep pasture. 
 It is far otherwise with Nahant, which answers to the description well. An early 
 writer says that it was " well wooded with oaks, pines, and cedars ; " and it has a 
 " sandy beach within the promontory." Thousands also, on visiting it, have borne 
 witness to the appropriateness of Thorwald's exclamation — "Here it is beautiful ! 
 and here I should like to fix my dwelling ! " 
 
 This is pleasant reading, and it would be desirable to sustain 
 the conclusions, or suppositions, if in honesty it could be done. 
 It would be highly gratifying to our gentle neighbors of the 
 peninsula to be assured that they have in keeping the dust of the 
 distinguished Vicking chief, who was not only famous himself, 
 but the head of a line which has given the world some of its 
 most brilliant lights — among others the renowned sculptor Thor- 
 wald. And the blissful faith, romantic and doubtful as it is, 
 may, possibly, after all, be well founded, though if it should prove 
 otherwise, the favored region has an abundance of other blessings 
 to fall back upon. The authority on which the conclusions em- 
 bodied in the above extract appear to rest, is a famoias Danish 
 work, published at Copenhagen, in 1837. It is a very learned 
 work, but by an author who seems to have occasionally permitted 
 his enthusiasm to get the better of his judgment ; for it is now 
 generally conceded by the more keensighted class of antiquaries, 
 that it advances theories that cannot be sustained. 
 
 That the Vickings did visit lands far to the south of Greenland, 
 is quite certain ; but whether they came within Massachusetts 
 
Introduction. i l 
 
 ba)', Vineyard sound, or the Narragansett waters, is doubted. 
 The Vicking lodgment that received the name Vineland, is, in 
 the foregoing extract, unhesitatingly placed in Rhode Island ; 
 but it should be remarked that intelligent authorities have given 
 it a very different location. Some have placed it as far north as 
 Nova Scotia, or even Labrador, in which latter country dwelt 
 theEsquimaux, who, according to Hartwig, were called Skrellen- 
 gers, or screamers — not simply Indians, as the quotation has it. 
 The evidence of the old mill at Newport, and the hieroglyphic 
 rock at Dighton, has been ruled out ; and with it has gone 
 much of the authority that attached to the great work which so 
 unwarily adopted them as monuments of Vicking genius and 
 handiwork. The mill was undoubtedly erected by an early 
 settler, for the worthy purpose of grinding his neighbors' grists ; 
 and the. hieroglyphic adornments were most probably the work 
 of some Indian, proud of his artistic acquirements or an aspirant 
 for historic fame. It has been supposed that the Indians had 
 no mode of writing, no way of expressing an idea by visible char- 
 acters ; but recent examinations and discoveries have proved 
 that the fact is otherwise. And by the way, speaking of the 
 Newport mill and the Dighton rock inscription, it seems remark- 
 able that no one appears to have observed that the two so differ 
 in mechanical expression, if "the term is allowable, that it is 
 hardly possible they could have been the work of the same people. 
 At all events, if these roving Northmen were here at the early 
 period claimed it is evident that they did not brave the ocean 
 terrors for any legitimate purposes of discovery, or with any 
 tangible convictions touching the existence of unknown lands. 
 They were adventurous freebooters, brave, reckless, barbarous ; 
 bent on making themselves possessors of whatever they coveted, 
 by force, fraud, or any other means suggested by their brutish 
 genius. And so they pursued their savage career, occasionally 
 driven from their contemplated course by the violence of the 
 elements, but never from their purpose of rapine and murder by 
 the gentler instincts of humanity. But yet it becomes us to be a 
 little chary of our denunciations of these people, for they were 
 our own forefathers. From their loins sprang the brave Saxons 
 who have been so lauded as a race, and whose blood we so love 
 to claim flows in our own veins. 
 
12 Introduction. 
 
 A lively imagination will often make surprising discoveries, 
 trace unexpected analogies, and form captivating theories, where 
 we of the duller sort discern nothing unusual. And who that 
 has reflected on the diversity of human minds has not felt almost 
 hopelessly bewildered. There is as much difference among 
 minds as among faces ; and would that there might be invented 
 a mirror in which to trace our mental features as we do our 
 physical, in the looking-glass. There is little difificulty in recog- 
 nising leading characteristics. We know the mathematical mind 
 by its preciseness ; the poetical by its ready discernment and love 
 of the beautiful ; the semi-preternatural by its delight in things 
 striking and marvellous. Now, in our friend Lewis's mind were 
 combined, in a somewhat peculiar manner, the two latter qualities 
 indicated. He had poetical conception and a love of the marvel- 
 lous ; and under their prompting, stimulated by the fascinations 
 of historic imagery, without doubt wrote the foregoing paragraphs. 
 
 It is quite interesting to observe with what avidity intelligent 
 as well as untrained minds will accept any thing that tallies with 
 their peculiar bent ; and quite as interesting to observe how the 
 same minds will reject the most reasonable conclusions that do 
 not accord with their ideal prepossessions. Then there are some 
 who will believe any thing that requires the most feverish credu- 
 lity to grasp, and others who will believe nothing that demands 
 but a small degree of faith. We often treat with scorn and 
 derision those much better and abler than ourselves simply be- 
 cause we are incapable of comprehending their ideas, if ideas they 
 have. As to that, however, most of us have ideas enough, such 
 as they are, but fail to systematise and express them, when they 
 happen to be of value, in a way to give force or even to be under- 
 stood. Education helps to do something here. But then our 
 gifts are various ; and with rnany the gift of slothfulness is so 
 overwhelming that with the best of tools little work is done. It 
 was not intended, however, to indulge in a sentimental strain, 
 but rather, in a homely way, and as correlative to what has 
 been said, to remark that it is really astonishing to observe 
 how even accomplished scientists may be deceived and led to 
 erroneous conclusions by baseless suggestions, adroitly made, 
 in matters which they might be supposed constantly to hold in 
 full survey. 
 
Introduction. 13 
 
 In the writer's own experience there once occurred an incident 
 so aptly illustrative of the point, that he would fain narrate it in 
 this connection though he must do so with diffidence and morti- 
 fication — diffidence lest he should be charged with vanity, and 
 mortification at having been the apparent cause of disturbance 
 in many worthy minds : When a young man, he one day hap- 
 pened in the printing office of a friend, who saluted him with a 
 " Come, write us something for tomorrow's paper." The reply 
 was, " If you will hand me a stick and rule and show me to a 
 case — [a request that all printers will understand] — I will set 
 you up something without writing.'' The proposition was com- 
 plied with, and a piece of perhaps half a column in length imme- 
 diately set up and left without any further care. It purported to 
 detail some wonderful changes going on among the heavenly 
 bodies ; was simply in a sportive vein and expected to be so> 
 understood. Some of the statements were so glaringly inconsis- 
 tent with established facts that it was astonishing to observe 
 the manner in which it was received by even wary savants., 
 It was copied throughout the country, and referred to in pulpit 
 discourses; and a New York paper — the Commercial Adver- 
 tiser, if we were rightly informed — stated that it was trans- 
 lated into various languages and published all over Europe. 
 The editor of the paper among other letters received one from' 
 Professor Olmstead of Yale College urgently requesting informa- 
 tion respecting its origin, and adding that he had been seriously 
 annoyed by the numerous letters he had receiv.edi asking for 
 explanations which he could not give, notwithstanding he had 
 twice given notice through the New Haven papers that haknew 
 nothing about it. It was subsequently announced that at the 
 National Observatory, in Washington, it had been declared; a: 
 romance. The affair finally died away, much to the relief of the 
 innocent author. Yet there were some amusing things about' 
 it. One of the most scholarly men in town, i-emarked, on reading 
 it, that he had for several nights observed that Venus presented' 
 the remarkable appearance spoken of The ease with whicb 
 even intelligent minds may be led astray, as illustrated by this, 
 incident, is instructive. However, it is claimed that every thing; 
 has its use ; and without the vein of credulity and habit of super- 
 ficial observation the quack philosopher, the counterfeit philan- 
 
14 Introduction. 
 
 thropist, and the patent medicine maker would not flourish as 
 they do. 
 
 Taking a step further down in the history of the territory we 
 occupy, we come to the Indians. A great deal of virtuous senti- 
 ment has been expended, we will not say wasted, upon them. 
 That there were here and there noble spirits need not be ques- 
 tioned ; for the Creator never left a people in so forlorn a condi- 
 tion that there were not some among them in whose breasts faint 
 glimmerings at least of his own divine light remained. But the 
 great body of the red men were of an extremely low order — cruel 
 and implacable — with little conception of a higher life, or of 
 human progress ; ambitious only of triumph over enemies, of 
 dexterity in physical torture, and the extension of tribal authority. 
 Yet they were as susceptible as any other people to the redeem- 
 ing influences of the faith their invaders held. What they soon 
 would have become had the settlers pursued a more kind and 
 pacific, yea, honest course, must ever remain among the undeter- 
 mined questions with which human history abounds. But as it 
 was, they began rapidly to dwindle away ; for big guns and 
 catechisms cannot alone save a people ; especially where new, 
 alluring, and destructive vices press forward in their company. 
 
 There were, indeed, but few Indians in and about Lynn at the 
 time the settlers came, and not half a score who were above the 
 common level. Montowampate, who lived on Sagamore Hill, 
 was a chief who stood much on his dignity. He-was married 
 during the year in which the first settlers came, being then 
 twenty years of age. The marriage was celebrated with much 
 barbaric pomp. But a while after, the wife went on a visit to the 
 home of her maidenhood, and when the time for her return came 
 a difficulty arose between the husband and his father-in-law on a 
 point of etiquette, that seemed to threaten serious consequences, 
 to the young couple especially. Matters, however, were finally 
 adjusted and the dusky bride returned to her allegiance. The 
 great question of woman's rights was to some extent involved ; 
 and duty, dignity, and love, seemed to hold as fitful sway in 
 those untutored hearts as in hearts trained to more refined world- 
 liness. Then there was Poquanum, or Black Will, who appears 
 to have been shrewd, venturesome, and unscrupulous ; and by 
 his sale of Nahant to farmer Dexter, for a suit of clothes, leftthe 
 
Introduction. 15 
 
 town a legacy, in the shape of legal involutions which they would 
 gladly have buried with him. 
 
 But the pages of our 1865 volume contain so much of all that 
 is known of the red men who pursued the game in our woods and 
 the fish in our waters, that it would be almost impertinent to 
 enlarge here. Before taking another step along in our history, 
 however, let us say a word or two respecting Indian land titles, 
 which seem to have been of a rambling, uncertain character. 
 The settlers were generally willing to pay for what they occupied ; 
 that is, pay something ; perhaps a hatchet or a hammer for 
 forty acres ; and the pretended owners were seldom averse to 
 selling ; indeed they were much too willing, for they would sell a 
 tract over and over again as long as a purchaser could be found. 
 Some of the chiefs claimed a right in the nature of eminent 
 domain ; a right that seems usually to have been undisputed. 
 The lands, however, were of little direct value to the Ipdians, for 
 they were not an agricultural nor a pastoral people. The ques- 
 tion of titles was long one of difficulty and dispute. By the spirit 
 of the Charter it was plain enough that the settler could hold by 
 occupation, subject to the native ownership. But perplexity in 
 determining who the right owner was, often arose, for chiefships 
 were so interwoven that nothing appeared clear. Governor 
 Andros assumed that the signature of an Indian was of no more 
 value than the scratch of a bear's claw — and he did what he 
 could to make it so. But it is quite evident that the settlers held 
 otherwise, or were at least anxious to guard against a contingency 
 which they feared might arise. 
 
 It was with this feeling, no doubt, that the people of Lynn, 
 in 1686 — more than fifty years after the plantation was estab- 
 lished — procured from the heirs of the deceased chief Wenepoy- 
 kin, a release to them of all claim to the lands here, those heirs 
 affirming in their deed that their ancestor was the true and sole 
 owner of " y^ land that y° towns of Lynn and Reading aforesaid 
 stand upon, and notwithstanding y" possession of y^ English, 
 dwelling in those townships of Lynn and Reading aforesaid." 
 These heirs, it would appear, claimed under the sovereignty 
 of their ancestor, and did not admit that they had been legally 
 dispossessed. The purchasing settlers probably did not much 
 care what they did claim, as the consideration was trifling, and 
 
i6 Introduction. 
 
 they had no fear of the appearance of others, at that late period, 
 with further claims. And the Indians must have seen of how little 
 value the territory could in the future be to them. Yet to Lynn, 
 this release might prove of the greatest value, in view of the 
 position a new administration might assume. The following are 
 fac-similes of the Indian signatures to the deed! 
 
 David Kunkshamooshaw and Abigail his wife. 
 
 Cicely alias Su George 
 
 
 Mary Ponham alias Quonopohit. 
 
 [James Quonopohit, Mary's husband, was a fair 
 
 penman, and signed his name in full.] ^^ 
 
 INDIAN SIGNATURES TO THE DEED OF LYNN. 
 
 Here we must bid adieu to our red brethren, ardently hoping 
 that the remaining few of their forlorn and abused race may yet 
 receive what is their just due, be sanctified and redeemed, and 
 finally in the blissful land of reconciliation joyfully meet their' 
 arrogant supplanters, they too sanctified and redeemed by the 
 same regerating love. 
 
 Having thus in a necessarily brief and hence somewhat unsat- 
 isfactory manner, spoken of the Northmen and the Indians, we 
 come to greet the European settlers — our own forefathers. 
 And here our " Introduction " may properly end, as in the fol- 
 lowing pages, together with the volume which has gone before, 
 many of the old worthies and their successors of every period 
 down to the present, are summoned in to tell their own stories 
 and illustrate their own times. 
 
ANNALS. 
 
 [Note. These Annals are continued on from the History of Lynn, published in 
 1865, in which they begin with the year 1629, the date of the commencement of the 
 settlement.] 
 
 1865. 
 
 Monday, April 3d, was a time of great rejoicing in Lynn, the 
 news of the fall of Richmond, the head quarters of the revolted 
 States, being then received. Bells were rung, cannon fired, flags 
 raised, and bonfires kindled. Many buildings were beautifully 
 illuminated, though the news was not fully confirmed till towards 
 night. The Light Infantry company hastened to show their 
 appreciation of the event, and were soon marching through the 
 streets, with a band of music. Fireworks gleamed in every direc- 
 tion, and the whole city seemed aroused. A bonfire blazed on 
 Sadler's Rock the entire night ; and the material of which it was 
 composed being heavy tarred paper its remains were clearly 
 visible more than fifteen years after. Old High Rock, also, 
 lighted up the adjacent country with her fiery crown. 
 
 One week after the above day of rejoicing, namely, April 10, 
 the people were again jubilant, and this time, over the crowning 
 event of the war — the surrender of General Lee, commander 
 of the Confederate forces. The weather, however, not being 
 favorable, the proposed proceedings were somewhat abridged. 
 A procession, composed of military and fire companies, various 
 civic associations and patriotic individuals, moved through the 
 thronged streets, with music and banners. One or two individu- 
 als who were reputed to entertain secession views, or who had 
 indulged in expressions favorable to the rebel cause, were visited 
 with rough threats, and forced to display Union flags. It was 
 proposed to hold a meeting, in the evening, in Lyceum Hall, for 
 speeches and other congratulatory proceedings, but the exhausted 
 condition of some of the leaders and the drenching rain made it 
 expedient to dispense with that part of the programme. 
 
 The conspicuous and rather picturesque little wooden building 
 on the summit of High Rock, known as the Observatory, was 
 
 (17) 2 
 
l8 ANNALS OF LYNN 1865. 
 
 burned on the night of April 19 ; perhaps the work of some 
 patriotic incendiary who took that way of celebrating the anni- 
 versary of the first battle of the Revolution. 
 
 News of the assassination of President Lincoln was received 
 in Lynn on Saturday, April 15, and was followed by becom- 
 ing demonstrations of profound sorrow. The Mayor issued a 
 request that all business places should be closed at noon, which 
 was readily complied with, and mourning drapery was freely 
 displayed. The City Council convened early in the afternoon 
 and adopted resolutions expressive of a deep sense of the nation's 
 bereavement. On Sunday the churches were' draped in mourn- 
 ing, and appropriate services held. The city authorities attended 
 the First Methodist church. 
 
 At Swampscott, on the arrival of the news of the President's 
 death, one individual, of alleged strong secession proclivities, was 
 so indiscreet as to manifest his satisfaction in such strong terms 
 as to kindle the wrath of his patriotic neighbors, who seized him, 
 and after bedecking him with a coat of tar and feathers set him 
 forth on a compulsory march through the town, bearing a Union 
 flag, large numbers following in procession. He afterwards 
 brought a civil suit for damages, persistently declaring that his 
 expressions were misinterpreted, and recovered judgment for ^800. 
 
 There were five photographic establishments in Lynn, this year, 
 at which were taken the aggregate number of 38.500 pictures. 
 
 An idea of the extent of the lobster trade in this vicinity may 
 be gathered from the fact that during the year ending May i, 
 there were taken at Nahant 150.000, and at Swampscott 37.000, 
 which were valued, as taken from the traps, at an average of six 
 cents each. 
 
 The fine mansion on Ocean street, for some time, and until 
 his death, the summer residence of William H. Prescott, the his- 
 torian, was destroyed by fire on Sunday morning, May 7. It 
 belonged to the widow of the historian at the time of its destruc- 
 tion, but was unoccupied. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Kirby was killed by falling into a culvert on the 
 Eastern railroad, near Market street, June 14. 
 
 On Tuesday afternoon, June 20, the bodies of John S. Joyce, 
 aged 12, and his sister Isabella, aged 14, were buried in one 
 coffin, from St. Stephen's church, where they had been Sunday 
 school scholars. These were the children whose terrible death 
 sent such a thrill through the community. They were found 
 murdered in a piece of woods, in West Roxbury, near Boston, 
 whither they had gone for an afternoon's recreation. No trace 
 of the murderer was discovered. 
 
 Daniel Ames, of Lynn, in a sportive wrestling contest with 
 Edward Gibson, at Nahant, June 17, received injuries from which 
 he died two days after. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1865. I9 
 
 Independence was this year celebrated, in Lynn, with more 
 than usual pomp, all parties joining. There was a grand proces- 
 sion, music, speeches, and in the evening a fine display of fire- 
 works. A balloon ascension was to have taken place from the 
 Common, in the afternoon, but an unfavorable wind rendered it 
 expedient to postpone that, till the sixth, when it took place in a 
 manner highly satisfactory. 
 
 The taxation of Lynn, this year, under the United States rev- 
 enue laws, was^626.g93.l2, being chiefly, of course, on manufac- 
 tures. There were then but about 20.000 inhabitants. 
 
 In July, several sharks appeared in Lynn hairbor, to the terror 
 of bathers and boatmen. And it may be stated in ■ this connec- 
 tion that the ferocious species known as man-eaters, some times 
 make their unwelcome visits to these waters. In 1819 a boy 
 was fishing near the mouth of Thomas Newhall's creek, so called, 
 at Saugus river, when one of those desperate rovers suddenly 
 sprang towards him with such a momentum as to ground him- 
 self The affrighted boy, by his shouts attracted the attention 
 of a couple of men at work on the marsh, and they, hastening 
 to the scene with their pitchforks, succeeded in despatching the 
 monster. 
 
 A considerable number of whales were observed at different 
 times during the summer moving about in the offing. 
 
 During this year there began to be seriously felt the need 
 of a larger number of dwelling houses, especially those suitable 
 for the accommodation of working people. Capitalists had in- 
 vested so largely in government securities, and in enterprises 
 promising greater returns — these being times rather fruitful of 
 speculative schemes — 'comparatively little was devoted to the 
 erection of tenement houses. A large number of workmen were 
 obliged to come into town in the morning rail-road trains, labor 
 during the day, and return to their distant homes by the evening 
 trains. And the inconvenience was felt for several years. 
 
 The number of individuals attached to the Sunday schools 
 of the different religious societies in Lynn, this year, was as 
 follows : First Methodist, 623. St. Mary's (Roman Catholic,) 
 500. First Universalist, 429. Boston Street Methodist, 322. 
 St. Paul's, (Union Street,) Methodist, 300. First Congregational, 
 283. High Street Baptist, 225. South Street Methodist, 213. 
 Friends' 200. First Baptist, 190. Second Universalist, 190. 
 Maple Street (Glenmere,) Methodist, 183. Central Congrega- 
 tional (Silsbee Street,) 182, Christian, 160. Tower Hill Chapel, 
 (Congregational,) 159. St. Stephen's, (Episcopal,) no. Ches- 
 nut Street, (Congregational,) no. City Mission, 73. Unitarian, 
 70. Third Baptist, (Wyoma,) 70. Second Advent, 30. These 
 numbers include officers, teachers and pupils. 
 
 Richard S. Fay, of Lynn, died in Liverpool, England, on the 
 
20 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 865. 
 
 6th of July. He owned and for a number of years occupied the 
 celebrated Mineral Spring estate, in the northeasterly section 
 of the city. Being a gentleman of culture and large means he 
 highly enjoyed life in his romantic retreat, which he greatly 
 improved and beautified. He was a graduate of Harvard, and 
 for some years practised law. In agricultural pursuits he took 
 great interest, imported improved stock, and engaged in many 
 useful experiments. He was affable and generous, and merited 
 and received the esteem of all classes. During the war he con- 
 tributed largely for the Union cause. At the time of his death 
 he had just completed a European tour, and was expecting to 
 return in the steamer which brought the news of his death. The 
 death stroke fell upon him while passing in the street. 
 
 Edward Franker, well known as the proprietor of a large wool- 
 en factory, near the site of the old iron works, in Saugus, died, 
 August 14, at the age of 73. His death was very sudden, he 
 having retired for his accustomed afternoon nap, and being found, 
 a few hours after, in his room, dead. He was a native of Wilt- 
 shire, England, and came to this country while quite a young 
 man, to seek his fortune ; was very successful in his enterprises, 
 after becoming able to begin business on his own account, and 
 accumulated a large fortune. 
 
 The number of apple trees in Lynn, this year, was 17.400 and 
 of pear trees, 21.900 ; yet the aggregate value of the fruitage did 
 not exceed ^16.000. 
 
 On the morning of August 31, as a couple of gentlemen were 
 passing from Market street towards Central square, they discov- 
 ered that the inner clothing of a lady before them was on fire, 
 and informed her of the fact in time, probably, to avoid serious 
 injury to her person. How the fire was occasioned remained a 
 mystery. 
 
 There were this year owned in Lynn, 720 horses, the average 
 value of each being ^140. 
 
 During the month of August, the shoe business of Lynn 
 exceeded that of any previous month. The total value was 
 ^1.200.000; and the internal revenue tax for the month was 
 1^77.099.62. Business was very active, and would have shown a 
 still greater increase had it been possible to procure a sufficiency 
 of material and workmen. 
 
 Gen. Alonzo G. Draper, of Lynn, died on the night of Sept. 3, 
 at Brazos de Santiago, Texas, at which post he had been in 
 command. He was shot from his horse, while riding out, as was 
 supposed by a stray ball from a great distance, no battle being 
 in progress at the time, and lamented by his brethren in arms as 
 a brave and efficient officer. His body was brought to Lynn, 
 and buried in Pine Grove Cemetery, on the 27th, with becoming 
 honors. He was a native of Brattleborough, Vt. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 866. 21 
 
 Very destructive fires raged in the woods of Lynn, Lynnfield, 
 and Saugus, during September, the weather being unusually 
 warm and dry. The woodlands hereabout, as well as in other 
 parts of the country, have, from the period of the early settle- 
 ments, been occasionally swept over by fire, which sometimes 
 originated in the most unaccountable manner. In early colonial 
 years severe laws were made against smoking tobacco in the 
 woods, and various other precautions taken ; yet the fires would 
 occur. Once in a while, it is possible, lightning may have been 
 the cause of the mischief. But recently a French philosopher has 
 suggested that the globules of pitch which exude from the pines 
 may sometimes act as burning lenses and so concentrate the 
 sun's rays that they will produce flame. There is little doubt, 
 however, that in these days the careless use of friction matches 
 is the cause of many of these fires. Very few are aware of the 
 rapidity with which a fire once lighted in the dry litter of a pine 
 forest will spread and get beyond control. 
 
 An extraordinary drought prevailed this year. It continued 
 from July 25 to October 15 ; and had not been equalled for 
 eighty-one years, as meteorologists claimed. 
 
 The corner stone of the new City Hall, at the east end of the 
 Common was laid on Tuesday, November 28, in presence of the 
 Mayor, a committee of the City Council, and a small number 
 of other spectators. There was no display. A proposition had 
 been made to have the event marked by grand masonic ceremo- 
 nies, but some of the old anti-masons energetically protesting, 
 they were dispensed with. 
 
 The number of deaths in the city during the year was 477. 
 
 1866. 
 
 On the morning of February 5, Pranker's brick woolen factory, 
 in Saugus, was nearly destroyed by fire. The town having no 
 fire-engine, the flames had gained almost uncontrollable head-way 
 before one could arrive from Lynn. 
 
 Dr. Abram Gould, the oldest practising physician in Lynn, 
 died, February 27, aged 58. He was a man of thorough educa- 
 tion and much more than ordinary skill, and had gained an 
 extensive practice. His residence was on Boston street, nearly 
 opposite Cottage. 
 
 On the afternoon'of June 25, there was a heavy shower, which 
 flooded the streets of Lynn, though Nahant and even Long Beach 
 escaped the visitation. And on the afternoon of the 30th a 
 copious shower took place in the eastern section of the city, 
 while in the western there was scarcely a sprinkling. 
 
 General Sherman passed through Lynn on the morning of 
 July 16. An enthusiastic crowd rapidly collected in Central 
 square, and most cordially greeted him. Some climbed upon 
 
22 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 867. 
 
 the cars in their eagerness to grasp the hand of the hero of the 
 grand march through the very bowels of the rebelHous Confed- 
 eracy. His stay, however, was but momentary. The day was 
 excessively warm, the thermometer in the course of the forenoon 
 reaching to lOO degrees, in the shade. 
 
 A rattlesnake, measuring four feet in length, and having ten 
 rattles — thereby showing his age to be thirteen years — was 
 killed in Dungeon pasture, July 29. The reptile attempted to 
 strike his assailant before being despatched. 
 
 James R. Newhall succeeded Thomas B. Newhall as Judge of 
 Lynn Police Court, his commission bearing date August 24. 
 
 The Central Church edifice, on Silsbee street, was entirely 
 consumed by fire early on Sunday morning, September 9. No- 
 thing of value was saved. It was of wood, built in 1850, and 
 was insured to the amount of 1^15.000, exclusive of ;^2.000 on the 
 organ and ;^ 5 00 on the pastor's library. The structure being on 
 elevated land and the spire tall, when the flames enwrapped the 
 whole, the scene was very striking. 
 
 On an evening in September, a lady, who was sitting at a 
 window in a house on Ocean street, observed a brilliant meteor 
 descend and strike near the house. She immediately went to the 
 spot and discovered the strange visitant to be white and smelling 
 strongly of sulphur. On being examined by an experienced natu- 
 ralist of Boston it was pronounced to be a genuine aerolite. 
 
 A great meteoric shower was predicted to take place on the 
 night of November 12, and public notice was given that the 
 church bells would be rung to awake the sleepers, if the celestial 
 visitants appeared. But nothing unusual was observed here 
 during that, night, though the sky was very clear. In some 
 parts of the world, however, especially in England, a brilliant 
 display occurred, at about the time indicated. At Greenwich, 
 some 12.000 meteors were seen on the morning of the 14th. At 
 Washington, on the same day, at about noon, an extraordinary 
 exhibition took place. In this vicinity, at about the time, an 
 unusual number of " shooting stars " appeared. 
 
 1867. 
 
 A terrific snow storm occurred on the 1 7th of January. No 
 storm within twenty-five years bore a comparison to it for severity, 
 with the exception of that on the i8th of January, 1857, when 
 the terrible shipwreck of the Tedesco, at Swampscott, took place, 
 at which time the cold was more intense. The mail carrier 
 between Lynn and Nahant, for ten years, failed in traversing 
 his route only on the occurrence of these two storms. 
 
 There was an exceedingly high tide on the 21st of January. 
 It was higher than at any time since the awful night of April 15, 
 185 1, when Minot's Ledge lighthouse was carried away. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 86/. 23 
 
 On Sunday, March 24th, Rev. Mr. Woods of the Boston 
 Street Methodist Society, and Rev. Mr. Biddle, of the First Uni- 
 versalist, exchanged pulpits. The leading doctrines taught by 
 these two divines being so directl)' opposite, a good deal of sur- 
 prise was manifested, and not a little feeling on the part of some 
 of the more rigid Methodists. While it was regarded by some 
 as a commendable instance of christian courtesy, by others it was 
 looked upon as a marked instance of waning denominational 
 integrity. 
 
 A strange reptile was killed near the head of Sluice pond, in 
 May. It was something more than four feet in length, and in 
 the largest part nearly as thick as a man's wrist. Its back was 
 covered with a horny coat resembling that of a crocodile, the 
 bone making a perceptible ridge. 
 
 On the 27th of May, a man, in digging a post hole, in Summer 
 street, Qxhumed some human bones, which were in such a posi- 
 tion as to indicate that a body had been buried there, in a sitting 
 posture. An arrow head and one or two implements and orna- 
 ments were found with the bones, leading to the conclusion 
 that they were Indian remains. 
 
 The new house of worship of the First Baptist Society, a neat 
 structure of wood, in Gothic style, on North Common street, 
 corner of Park, was dedicated June 20. 
 
 A beautiful niirage was observed from Long Beach, about 
 noon, on Sunday, June 23. 
 
 On the 24th of June — St. John's Day — 30.000 persons were 
 carried over the Eastern Rail-road, without an accident. It was 
 the day of the great masonic celebration, in Boston, when the 
 new temple was dedicated. 
 
 A balloon ascension was made from Lynn Common on the 
 afternoon of the 4th of July. The descent was into the water 
 off Swampscott, but the excursionists escaped injury. 
 
 Sagamore building. Union street, was nearly destroyed by fire 
 on the night of July 1 3, it being the third time that it had come 
 near being consumed. 
 
 Immense quantities of mackerel appeared in the offing, in 
 July, affording rare sport for amateur fishermen and profitable em- 
 ployment for professional. A whale, some fifty feet in length, 
 and two or three others somewhat smaller, were several times 
 seen ranging about, evidently bent on securing their share. Sev- 
 eral voracious horse-mackerel, with keen appetites, also made 
 their appearance. 
 
 A fire occurred in Wyoma village, on the morning of August 
 3d, on the premises occupied by T. L. Brown and Company, for 
 the wool-pulling business. Property to the value of ^18.000 was 
 destroyed. 
 
 A swing-tail shark, fifteen feet in length, was taken off Swamp- 
 
24 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 867. 
 
 scott, in a net, August lo, and sold to Professor Agas'siz for 
 fifty dollars. 
 
 On the morning of Aug. lo, a flock of flying-fish, some twenty 
 in number, appeared off Nahant, darting about and eliciting much 
 observation, such visitors being very uncommon in this region ; 
 some even declaring that they were never seen here before. 
 
 A sun-fish, of the estimated weight of two hundred pounds, 
 was observed sunning himself near Egg Rock, in August. 
 
 The encampment of the Second Brigade of Massachusetts 
 Volunteer Militia, commenced at Swampscott, on the 3d of Sept. 
 and continued five days. 
 
 A Second Advent Camp Meeting, so called, that is a camp 
 meeting of those who believed that the second advent of our Lord 
 would surely take place this year, commenced in Lynn, Sept. 10, 
 and continued a week. On the last day of the meeting consid- 
 erable excitement prevailed, as some of the more sanguine were 
 confidently expecting that before another day the Son of Man 
 would visibly appear. 
 
 Avis Keene, widow of Josiah Keene, died in Lynn, Oct. 13, 
 aged Zy. She was an accepted preacher of the Friends' society 
 for some sixty years ; was a graceful and influential speaker, and 
 by her blameless life, amiable disposition, and active charities, 
 endeared herself to a very extensive circle of those who did not 
 as well as those who did come within the sphere of her public 
 ministrations. 
 
 Richard Gregg, a sober, industrious man, aged 62, was killed 
 on the Eastern Rail-road, near the Pleasant street crossing, on 
 the evening of Oct. 17. He was walking towards home, on the 
 track, and was struck by a locomotive, which broke his skull and 
 caused immediate death. 
 
 An interval of beautiful Indian summer, of more than ordinary 
 duration, was experienced in October. 
 
 The new City Hall, at the eastern end of the Common — the 
 site being at the time about the centre of the city, both geograph- 
 ically and as regards population — was dedicated on Saturday, 
 Npv. 30. The whole day, was very generally spent as a holiday. 
 Crowds were in the streets, and about the building from morning 
 till near midnight. The day was pleasant, so far as a clear sky 
 and sunlight could make it so, but otherwise so far as a boister- 
 ous northwest wind and clouds of dust could make it. 
 
 The tower and other parts of the building were decorated with 
 flags, and the Lynn band was in attendance to dispense their 
 enlivening music at suitable intervals. A good deal of care was 
 taken to have as large a number of the elderly men present as 
 possible, and as many as seventy, whose births dated back to 
 the last century, were gathered, Epes Mansfield, born in 1783, 
 being the oldest. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 867. 2$ 
 
 A little before noon, the exercises commenced in the vestibule, 
 with a prayer offered by Rev. J. W. F. Barnes, of the First 
 Methodist Church. Mayor Roland G. Usher then delivered an 
 Address, which was followed by a Poem by Cyrus M. Tracy. 
 The Tablet, facing the main entrance, was then unveiled. Next 
 came a brief address, retrospective and prospective, by James R. 
 Newhall, which closed the forenoon exercises. 
 
 A liberal collation was served in the basement, which was 
 partaken of by a multitude of citizens and many visitors from 
 other places. Subsequently a number of prominent citizens 
 addressed the crowds in the Council- Chamber and other conve- 
 nient parts of the building. Among these speakers were John 
 B. Alley, James N. Buffum, George H. Chase, Charles E. Kim- 
 ball, Peter M. Neal, and Thomas B. Newhall. There were like- 
 wise several speakers from abroad. 
 
 The entertainment was continued till late in the evening, 
 the large company of ladies and gentlemen, young and old, 
 promenading whithersoever they would, about the beautiful apart- 
 ments, and enjoying themselves in decorous ways of their own 
 choice. At the instance of the Mayor, about ten o'clock, the 
 whole company were called to join in singing " America." And 
 after that the majestic strains of the Doxology, in Old Hundred, 
 floated upward. This closed the interesting exercises. As this 
 is not the place that requires any thing beyond a mere state- 
 ment of facts, it would perhaps be unwise to volunteer censure 
 even if there were points that might justify it, or to offer laudatory 
 remarks where they are not needed. The addresses and the 
 poem were published in the newspapers of the day, and afterward 
 in a neat little volume ; and they can all "testify of themselves." 
 It need only be remarked here that the proceedings throughout 
 were received with liberal applause. 
 
 The cost of the building, in round numbers, may be stated 
 at $312,000. Some claimed that it was an unnecessarily elegant 
 and costly structure, and of dourse, after the usual custom, in- 
 dulged in a little harmless grumbling. But it was soon apparent 
 that its superior conveniences would save expense in many ways ; 
 and that it was giving an improving tone to the architecture 
 of the city, a thing that had been long and sorely needed. Before 
 a year had passed, there were few who did not take a real pride 
 in pointing to it as the great lion of the city, or who entertained 
 any lingering regrets that it had been reared. It certainly marks 
 a period when a wonderful advancement in the architectural 
 aspect of Lynn commenced. 
 
 The first number of the Lynn Transcript, a weekly newspaper, 
 established by Rufus Kimball, Thomas P. Nichols and Abel G. 
 Courtis, appeared on Saturday, Dec. 21, from the office on the 
 southwest side of Market street, near South Common. 
 
26 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 868. 
 
 There were born in Lynn, during the year, 664 children — 
 334 male and 330 female — 385 of native parentage, and 279 
 of foreign. December was the most prolific month, and April 
 the least — jy being born in the former and 35 in the latter. 
 
 1868. 
 
 On the evening of January 13, a meeting of naturalized citizens 
 was held in a hall on Washington streef, preparatory to forming 
 an organization to promote their interests, as a class, and foi* 
 mutual benefit. It seems doubtful whether such organizations, 
 or the former ones aiming to place the administration of afiairs 
 solely in the hands of natives, are really productive of permanent 
 good ; that is, so far as public policy is concerned. The endea- 
 vor to effect a general union of interests and to avail of the best 
 talent, of whatever 'derivation, would appear to give the highest 
 promise. Nevertheless, there are many cases in which, other 
 things being equal, it is eminently proper to give preference to 
 natives. There has long been complaint that the people of Lynn 
 are too much disposed to place new comers in positions of trust 
 and authority. Admitting that it is so, it must be said that 
 occasionally at least the good fortune of the party is aided by 
 ignorance of his past life. 
 
 Nahant this year numbered 95 polls, and had a valuation 
 of ^1.054.37. 
 
 On the night of March 3, the thermometer stood at 12 degrees 
 below zero. On the 7th, the harbor was so frozen that loaded 
 teams could pass over to the beach. A day or two after, however, 
 the ice broke up. The ice harvest of 1867-8 was superior to 
 any other known for many years, both in quality and quantity. 
 
 The interesting ceremony of strewing flowers on the graves 
 of the fallen heros of the civil war, took place on Saturday after- 
 noon. May 30, under the auspices of the local Post of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic. A procession visited the different burial 
 places, and at Pine Grove Cemetery, where a large concourse 
 were assembled, appropriate services took place, with music and 
 speaking. Comrade T. C. Vassar,- minister of the First Baptist 
 Church, delivered an appropriate address. The ceremonies were 
 in accordance with a general order issued at Washington, by 
 General Logan, Commander-in-chief of the association ; which 
 order is here introduced, as explaining the character and purpose 
 of the observance : 
 
 I. The 30th day of May, 1868, is designated for tlie purpose of strewing witli flowers 
 or otherwise decorating the graves of Comrades who died in defense of their countrv 
 during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every city village and 
 hamlet churchyard in the land. In this observance no form of ceremony is prescribed 
 but Posts and Comrades will in their own way arrange such fitting services and testi- 
 monials of respect as circumstances may permit. 
 
 We are organized, Comrades, as our Regulations tell us, for the purpose, among 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 868. ' 2/ 
 
 other things, • of preserving and strengthening those kind and fraternal feelings which 
 have bound together the soldiers, sailors and marines who united to suppress the 
 late rebellion.' What can aid more to assure this result than cherishing tenderly 
 the memory of our heroic dead, who made their breasts a barricade between our 
 country and its foes ? Their soldier lives were the reveille of freedom to a race in 
 chains, and their deaths the tattoo of rebellious tyranny in arms. We should guard 
 their graves with sacred vigilance. All that the consecrated wealth and taste of the 
 nation can add to their adornment and security, is but a fitting tribute to the memory 
 of her slain defenders. Let no wanton foot tread rudely on such hallowed grounds. 
 Let pleasant paths invite the coming and going of reverent visitors and fond mourn- 
 ers. Let no vandalism of avarice or neglect, no ravages of time testify to the present 
 or to the coming "generations that we have forgotten as a people the cost of a free 
 and undivided Republic. 
 
 ■If other eyes grow dull, and other hands slack, and other hearts cold in the solemn 
 trust, ours shall keep it well as long as the light and warmth of life remain to us. 
 
 Let us, then, at the time appointed, gather around their sacred remains and garland 
 the passionless mounds above them, with the choicest flowers of spring time ; let us 
 raise above them the dear old flag they saved from dishonor ; let us in this solemn 
 presence renew our pledges to aid and assist those whom they have left among us as 
 a sacred charge upon a nation's gratitude, the soldier's and sailor's widow and orphan. 
 
 II. It is the purpose of the Commander-in-chief to inaugurate this observance with 
 the hope that it will be kept up from year to year, while a survivor of the war remains 
 to honor the memory of his departed Comrades. He earnestly desires the public 
 press to call attention to this Order, and lend its friendly aid in bringing it to the 
 notice of Comrades in all parts of the country in time for simultaneous compliance 
 therewith. 
 
 Such ^as the origin of " Memorial Day " — or " Decoration 
 Day," as it is as often called — May 30. And the custom, so 
 appropriate and so interesting, thus suggested, became at once 
 established. 
 
 The brick house of worship, of the Central Congregational 
 Society, on Silsbee street, was dedicated on Thursday evening, 
 June II. There was a large attendance notwithstanding the 
 prevalence of a severe easterly storm. 
 
 Jonathan Buffum died at his residence in Union street, June 
 22, aged 74 years. He was a native of Salem, but came to Lynn 
 in early life. For many years he was active in town affairs, and 
 held responsible offices ; was a painter by trade, though for some 
 years engaged in shoe manufacturing. In early life he belonged 
 to the Society of Friends, but seceded from the faith ; indeed he 
 was one of those engaged in the disturbance at their house of 
 worship, in 1822, an account of which appears in these Annals, 
 under the proper date. During the prevalence of anti-masonry, 
 he was one of the most zealous and conspicuous in the party, 
 and owned the Lynn Record, which was the party organ. He 
 was a man of marked character, firm in conviction, determined 
 in purpose, and of unswerving integrity. He was an early and 
 consistent advocate of the anti-slavery cause, of temperance, and 
 of moral reforms in general. He also gave full credence to the 
 doctrines of the spiritualists. He married Hannah, daughter 
 of James Breed, and had five children. 
 
 A successful ascension was made from the Common, on the 
 afternoon of July 4, by John H. Hall, of Lynn, in the balloon 
 
28 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 868. 
 
 "City of Lynn," which was manufactured by Parker Wells of 
 this city. 
 
 Out-door religious services were held at High Rock and other 
 public places, during the warm season, by clergymen of different 
 denominations. 
 
 On Tuesday, Aug. 1 1, the Trenton Hose Company, of Trenton, 
 N. J., accompanied by a Newark band of music, was received in 
 Lynn, by the Empire Fire Association, the whole fire department 
 indeed participating in the proceedings in honor 'of the visitors. 
 An extensive procession traversed the streets, and other festivi- 
 ties followed, rendering the whole a very enjoyable occasion. 
 The visitors remained several days, and were entertained in the 
 most hospitable manner, being conducted over some of the largest 
 manufactories, and to places of interest in the vicinity. For 
 some years the fire companies of different places had been in the 
 habit of interchanging such visits, to the promotion of much 
 brotherly feeling, thus superseding, almost entirely, the old mili- 
 tary campaigning. 
 
 A farmer in Lynnfield killed thirteen rattlesnakes during the 
 summer of this year. 
 
 James Purinton died, August 31, aged 92 years. .He was a 
 member of the society of Friends, and had worked on his bench, 
 as a shoemaker, for seventy-two years. 
 
 Mary Phillips died. Sept 12, aged 98 years, being the oldest 
 person then in Lynn, with the exception of Mary J. Hood, a 
 colored woman, aged 103. Mrs. Phillips was a member of the 
 society of Friends, and retained her faculties in a remarkable 
 degree, her clear meijiory embracing a history of the eastern 
 section of the town for more than two generations. She was the 
 widow, for many years, of Jonathan Phillips. 
 
 On the afternoon of Wednesday, Sept. 30, the granite monu- 
 ment erected in Pine Grove Cemetery to the memory of Rev. 
 Parsons Cooke, late minister of the First Congregational Church, 
 was dedicated, with appropriate services. 
 
 Edward O'Baldwin, known as the Irish Giant, and Joseph 
 Wormuld, an Englishman, noted prize-fighters, were arrested by 
 the police, just as they had commenced a battle, in Lynnfield, on 
 the morning of Oct. 29. A crowd of those who delight in such 
 demoralising contests had assembled, from Boston and neighbor- 
 ing places, but they very suddenly dispersed, in dismay, when 
 the police appeared, zealous to act their part. O'Baldwin and 
 Wormuld were arraigned before the police court, and bound 
 over to the superior court. The former was finally sentenced 
 to the house of correction for two years ; but the latter escaped, 
 forfeiting his bail. 
 
 Died, in his lonely residence, at Dungeon Rock, November 10. 
 Hiram Marble, aged 65. He was widely known for his perse- 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 868. 29 
 
 vering labors in the rock just named, where he worked some seven- 
 teen years, and died without a reaUzation of his ardent hopes 
 and unwavering expectation of exhuming jewels and gold, ac- 
 cording to the promises of his unseen allurers. He remained a 
 spiritualist to the last, and the mediums of the vicinity were 
 invited to be present at the funeral services which were held at 
 the rock on the forenoon of Wednesday, November 1 1. He was 
 a native of Charlton, in Worcester county, and thither his re- 
 mains were conveyed for burial. An account of the fruitless 
 task he undertook may be fourid in these Annals, under date 
 1658. 
 
 Quite a rage for velocipede riding prevailed here and indeed 
 all over New England about this time. Several schools for in- 
 struction were: opened, and convenient structures erected for 
 their accommodation. Many young men became quite expert 
 riders, as well as a few ladies. But the difficulties of managing 
 the novel contrivances and balancing the body on them, was a 
 great draw-back to their use. They had two narrow wheels, and ■ 
 those set fore and aft, with the little padded seat between, the 
 crank producing the forward motion being turned by the feet, 
 while the steering was done by the hands ; by which means 
 both hands and feet had constant occupation. It was literally 
 working one's passage. And there was very little to mark the 
 machine as an improvement upon the condemned affair of gene- 
 rations before. There was a velocipede race in Boston, July s, 
 1869, at which George W. Buzzel, of Lynn, took the second 
 prize, of ;^20. He rode a mile in two seconds short of five minutes. 
 Horses were liable to be frightened by them, and they soon went 
 out of fashion. After a few years, however, a kindred contri- 
 vance, the bicycle, came into use, among young men especially. 
 This had one large wheel, and a diminutive one to steer by, and 
 required somewhat less skill and labor in the management. 
 
 On the night of Christmas day, the most disastrous fire that 
 had ever occurred in Lynn, took place. It commenced in Ly- 
 ceum building, on Market street, corner of Summer, entirely 
 destroying that, and then leaping across Summer street, it de- 
 stroyed the fine large new brick blocks belonging to Lyman B. 
 Frazier and Samuel M. Bubier, and damaged other less valuable 
 structures. The Central National Bank was in Lyceum building, 
 but the vault withstood the flames. The Post-office was in Fra- 
 zier's block, but every thing of value there, was saved. Some 
 of the occupants of the buildings lost heavily, notwithstanding 
 large insurances. Lyceum building was erected in' 1841, at 
 a cost of about ;^ 10.000. Frazier's block cost some ^60.000, 
 and Bubier's about jS6s.ooo. The whole loss by the fire was 
 reckoned at not less than $300,000. The destruction of these 
 fine structures was much lamented by the people generally ; but 
 
30 
 
 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 869. 
 
 they were soon replaced by others still more valuable. Odd 
 ■ " " three years after, occupied the site on which 
 
 indiscriminately 
 
 Fellows' Hall, 
 
 Lyceum Hall or Lyceum Building, as it was 
 called, stood. This last named was a wooden structure and not 
 very comely in its proportions. It was, however, for years, much 
 in use for lectures, shows, and meetings of all kinds, being cen- 
 trally situated and almost the only eligible place in toWn tor such 
 purposes. The light of this conflagration was distinctly seen in 
 Gloucester and Lawrence. 
 
 Lyceum Building, Lynn, 
 Erected in 1841 — destroyed by fire, in 1868. 
 
 1869. 
 
 Mary J. Hood, a colored woman, died at her residence, near 
 Floating bridge, January 8, at the great age of 104 years and 7 
 months, as appeared by well authenticated records. 
 
 On Monday night, Jan. 25, another destructive fire took place 
 in Lynn, destroying property to the amount of some ;^ 170.000. 
 It commenced in the large brick shoe manufactory of Edwin H. 
 Johnson, in Munroe street, destroying that and the manufactory 
 of Harrison Newhall, and other adjacent buildings, and greatly 
 damaging several in the neighborhood. 
 
 The shoe manufactory of Rufus A. Johnson, near the East 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN I 869. 3 1 
 
 Saugus rail-road depot was burned on the morning of Feb. 20, 
 with a considerable amount of stock. 
 
 Died, in Newton, Mass., Feb. 25, Dr. Edward A. Kittredge, a 
 native of Salem, aged 58. He was for many years a practising 
 physician in Lynn ; was of a genial and kind disposition, but 
 rather eccentric manners. He was a frequent contributor to 
 the newspapers, and his articles were always readable from their 
 conspicuous humor and under-current of good sense. His edu- 
 cation was good, and though trained in the old allopathic system, 
 he finally adopted the hydropathic, or water-cure, system, having 
 visited some of the water-cure establishments in Europe to study 
 the theory. His remains were brought to Lynn and interred in 
 the Eastern Burying Ground, after appropriate services at the 
 First Universalist church. 
 
 From the 13th to the 17th of March, it was very cold. Only 
 three days before St. Patrick's the thermometer reached 10 de- 
 grees below zero. 
 
 There was a magnificent display of beautifully tinted aurora 
 borealis on the evening of April 15, during which a meteor of great 
 brilliancy shot across the eastern sky. 
 
 The number of children in Lynn, between the ages of five and 
 fifteen years, on the first of May, was 5.674. 
 
 The North Congregational Church was formed in the spring 
 of this year, chiefly by members withdrawing from the First 
 Church. The organization was recognized by a council held 
 May 6. 
 
 May 10 was the day on which the last spike was driven, in 
 completion of the first continuous rail-road line connecting the 
 Atlantic and Pacific. It was an eventful occasion, far away there 
 in the Rocky Mountain shadows, and drew together many prom- 
 inent persons from different parts of the country. The spike 
 was of solid gold, and what renders the occurrence of interest to 
 people here is the fact that it was driven by David Hewes, a 
 native of Lynnfield, and a contractor on the road. It was, how- 
 ever, soon withdrawn and deposited in a museum in San Fran- 
 cisco, under the apprehension that if allowed to remain some 
 straying traveller, curious or covetous, might appropriate it. 
 
 Memorial Day was celebrated on Saturday, May 29. The 
 principal address was delivered by Dr. Bowman B. Breed ; but 
 Mayor Buffum made some appropriate remarks. 
 
 The famous Peace Jubilee commenced in Boston, June 15. It 
 was the greatest musical entertainment that had ever been held 
 in this country, the chorus singers alone numbering 10.528. It 
 was attended by lovers of music from all parts of the Union, 
 and from foreign countries. The average number of persons 
 carried daily through and from Lynn, by the Eastern Rail-road, 
 during the week, was about 11.300, and the receipts from the 
 
32 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 869. 
 
 sale of tickets to the various concerts, amounted to 1^300.000. 
 Lynn furnished her quota of performers in the association known 
 as the Chorus Class, which, under the name of Choral Union, 
 was continued, much to the benefit of musical education among 
 us. And the whole affair gave a sensible impetus to musical 
 interests in all parts of the country. 
 
 Benjamin H. Jacobs, for more than thirty years undertaker 
 for the Old Burying Ground, near the western end of the Com- 
 mon, died June 16, aged ^6. He was a native of Littleton, Mass., 
 was faithful in his office, and took great pains to keep the vene- 
 rable resting place in order and give- it a pleasant aspect. And 
 there his own remains were deposited. His son Edwin S., who 
 long acted as his assistant, died on the 27th of the same month, 
 aged 45. 
 
 The picturesque cruciform Episcopal church at Nahant, built 
 in 1868, was consecrated June 27. 
 
 The public drain through Shepard street was constructed this 
 year, in compliance with the strongly expressed desire of many 
 residents of the vicinity. But it dried up so many wells in the 
 neighborhood that some began to question its utility. The little 
 pond on the Common, likewise, met the fate of the wells. But 
 notwithstanding the temporary inconvenience, there is no doubt 
 of the value of such works. Lynn had for many years felt the 
 necessity of a system of drainage, which was at about this time 
 energetically commenced. Other localities soon went through 
 experience similar to that of Shepard street. 
 
 A caricature celebration of independence took place this year 
 under the auspices of the " Antiques and Horribles," with dis- 
 cordant music by the " Old Canaan Band." Some parts of the 
 procession were rather picturesque and some of the hits good. 
 
 Jeremiah C. Stickney died, August 3, aged 64. He was a 
 native of Rowley, Mass., graduated at Harvard, with the 1824 
 class, immediately applied himself to the study of law, with Judge 
 Cummins, of Salem, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar. .He 
 soon settled in Lynn, and was presently in active and successful 
 practice, in which he continued for forty years. He was post- 
 master from 1829 to 1839, and again from 1853 to 1858; but 
 having little ambition for office he was less in public life than 
 was desirable for one of his ability. He declined the office 
 of United Statgs District Attorney for Massachusetts, when 
 offered him, during the administration of Gen. Jackson. He 
 however served in the lower house of the Massachusetts Legis- 
 lature in 1839 and '40. When the city form of government was 
 adopted, in 1850, his legal advice and assistance proved of great 
 value ; and when in 1853 the office of City Solicitor was estab- 
 lished, he was promptly elected to fill the position. It was the 
 
* ANNALS OF LYNN I 869. 33 
 
 privilege of the writer to be for some time associated with him 
 in professional partnership, and he would not pass silently by 
 this opportunity to remark that he can hardly speak in too high 
 terms of his constant affability and gentlemanly traits, or of his 
 reputation for legal attainments. He was endowed in a > large 
 degree with that invaluable power which few really possess, 
 though many claim — the power to discern the real sentiments 
 and motives that so often underlie the professed — a power which 
 is sure to raise the lawyer above the common ranks. He was 
 not a man to blindly follow the dictation or direction of any 
 chent when he saw that envy, hatred, or malice gave coloring to 
 his story. In his investigations he was thorough, to the court 
 always respectful, and to his professional brethren courteous. 
 
 At the time Mr. Stickney commenced practice, the two other 
 lawyers here were men of mark if not eminence — Robert W. 
 Trevett and Isaac Gates. They were both graduates of Harvard 
 and well read in the law. A brief notice of Mr. Trevett appears 
 on pages 409 and '10 and of Mr. Gates on pages 435 and '6 of the 
 1865 vol. By reference to those notices the reader will gain some 
 knowledge of the antagonists with whom Mr. Stickney had to 
 cope in his early professional days. But they and he knew well 
 what was becoming to the character of gentlemen. It was, 
 according to Mr. Rogers, a great consolation to Mr. Trevett, 
 when " in poverty and distress," to be able to say, " No matter 
 what I am now ; I take a great deal of satisfaction in reflecting 
 that I was once the principal lawyer in Lynn ; " — thus giving a 
 sort of reverse turn to the Shakespearean " All 's well that ends 
 well." 
 
 For many years Mr. Stickney owned and resided on the beau- 
 tiful estate known as Forest Place, which under his hand was in 
 a great measure transformed from a mere rough pine-clad hill 
 into one of the most tasteful and picturesque places within a 
 score of miles. 
 
 On Christmas day, 1829, Mr. Stickney was united in marriage 
 to Miss Mary Frazier, daughter of John Frazier, of Philadelphia. 
 Three children were born to them ; namely, Charles Henry, 
 born Sept. 29, 1830, John Buffinton, born May 25, 1832, and 
 Martha Anne, born September 5, 1834. The two sons entered 
 the legal profession. John B. removed to Florida, where he for 
 some time filled the office of United States Marshal. Martha 
 Anne, in 1868 became the wife of Capt. Stephen H. Andrews, 
 of Lawrence, Kansas, and removed thither. 
 
 A very severe gale took place on the afternoon of Wednesday, 
 Sept. 8. Nothing like it had been felt since the historically 
 famous gale of September 23, 1815, and many old people thought 
 it exceeded that in violence, as it certainly did in the damage 
 
 3 
 
34 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 869. 
 
 done. The morning was still and sultry. About ten, a breeze 
 sprang up from the southwest, whence it continued to blow with 
 some vigor, and with dashes of rain, till about three in the after- 
 noon, when it suddenly veered to the southeast and continued to 
 blow with increasing violence, till about half past six when it had 
 attained the character of a perfect hurricane, with torrents of rain. 
 Chimnies fell in all- quarters, and several buildings were levelled. 
 But the most visible destruction was among the trees. Multi- 
 tudes were uprooted — some of the largest along the streets ; and 
 few escaped dismemberment. Until the authorities had time, on 
 tlie next day, to remove the fallen ones, some of the sidewalks, 
 particularly that of North Common street, were dangerously ob- 
 structed. Several houses were much damaged by the falling of 
 the trees against them. During the height of the tempest, the 
 tall spire of the First Baptist Church yielded to the blast and 
 fell crashing through the roof, demolishing also the westerly side 
 of the edifice. A new two-story house in Essex street was raised 
 from the underpinning and completely prostrated. The extensive 
 green-house and conservatory of the Marquis de Lousada, near 
 King's Beach, was almost totally destroyed. No less than four 
 hundred and thirty shade trees, in different parts of Lynn, were 
 prostrated, and very few of those that withstood the gale escaped 
 unharmed. In the wood's, the fallen trunks were beyond num- 
 bering. And the fruit trees were almost stripped of their unripe 
 fruit. Great havoc was made among the yachts and other small 
 shipping at Swampscott, but there was remarkable freedom from 
 loss of life or personal injury. 
 
 A field meeting of the Essex Institute was held here Sept. 23. 
 The day was pleasant, most places of interest were visited, and 
 numerous specimens in different departments of natural history 
 collected. 
 
 A blue heron, a very rare bird in this region, was shot in 
 Swampscott woods, Sept. 29. Its height, when standing upright, 
 was nearly four feet, and its spread wings measured some five 
 feet from tip to tip. 
 
 There was a fearful explosion of a part of the stedm apparatus 
 at a building in Spring street, on the morning of Oct. 1 1. Capt. 
 Robert H. Reeves, of Salem, who happened to be in the room, 
 and a young man named Frank Alley, lost their lives. 
 
 A very perceptible shock of an earthquake was felt at about 
 half past five on the morning of Oct. 22. Beds oscillated with 
 sufficient violence to awake sleepers. 
 
 An association under the name of The Lynn Board of Trade 
 was formed in the fall of this year. It soon numbered a hundred 
 of the most prominent business men, and its beaeficial influence 
 was felt particularly in the interests of shoe manufacturing. 
 
 The brick grammar school houses on Ireson and Warren 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN I 8 JO. 35 
 
 streets were built this year ; the former for the Whiting school, 
 so named in memory of Rev. Samuel Whiting, settled over the 
 First Church, from 1636 to 1680, and the latter for the Shepard 
 school, so named from Rev. Jeremiah Shepard, minister of the 
 same church, from 1680 to 1720. The Whiting was dedicated 
 Sept. 4, and the Shepard Dec. 15. 
 
 The Turnpike through Lynn, from Salem to Chelsea bridge, 
 became a public highway, this year, by legislative enactment. 
 It was opened iii 1803, and until the building of the Eastern 
 Rail-road, in 1838, was the avenue by which the great bulk 
 of Lynn travel reached Boston. The stock paid large dividends, 
 for many years. 
 
 On the 8th of December water from the Flax Pond, to be used 
 in cases of fire, was let into the pipes that connected with the 
 hydrants in various parts of the city. See page 39. 
 
 The new Town Hall, at Nahant, was dedicated Dec. 24. 
 
 There were forty fires in Lynn, this year ; most of them slight. 
 Eleven were in Munroe street, leading some to fear that that was 
 a doomed locality. 
 
 To show the extent of the use of illuminating gas in Lynn, it 
 may be stated that the gas company during the year manufac- 
 tured something over 3.000.000 feet. 
 
 An act more stringent than any that had before existed, for 
 the prevention of cruelty to animals, was this year passed by 
 the Massachusetts legislature, and the many prosecutions under 
 it, in Lynn, had a manifestly salutary effect. 
 
 18 70. 
 
 The winter of 1869-70 was unusually mild, so much so that a 
 good deal of out-door work, such as plowing, digging of gardens 
 and setting of fences, was done. February and March, however, 
 did something to redeem the character for violence. There was 
 a severe snow storm as late as March 13, when about a foot fell. 
 The ice-cutters reaped but a scanty harvest, and the price became 
 high in the succeeding summer. Our ponds had now for so 
 many years continued to furnish a supply, that the article had 
 come to be regarded rather as a necessity than a luxury, and the 
 partial failure was seriously felt. 
 
 The City Hotel, at one time called Columbian House, a large 
 wooden structure on Western avenue, near the Summer street 
 crossing, was destroyed by fire on the morning of Monday, Jan. 
 3. It had for many years been kept as a public house, though 
 not of the first class. 
 
 A remarka:bly beautiful display of aurora borealis took place 
 early on the morning of Jan. 3. Shafts of red, white, and purple 
 shot upward till the whole heavens were nearly covered. And 
 waves of light rolled up occasionally from the north, as if from 
 
36 ANNALS OF LYNN I87O. 
 
 a radiant fountain below the horizon. On the afternoon of the 
 following Thursday, there was the unusual appearance of two 
 sun-dogs, and a circular rainbow. Another extraordinary auroral 
 display took place in August, when emerald green was added to 
 the other colors. And on still another night a well-defined red 
 arch extended across the heavens, from southeast to northwest. 
 About the middle of January, the planet Venus could for several 
 days be distinctly seen, at noon, by the naked eye. 
 
 A small piece of land near the Central depot was sold in the 
 early part of this year for five dollars the square foot. This was 
 in the most valuable locality, and the highest price land had sold 
 for in Lynn, up to that time. 
 
 A little son of Thomas Saxton, on the Sth of February, while 
 playing around a stove, sportively inhaled the steam from the 
 nozzle of a kettle of boiling water, and died the next morning 
 from the effects. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association was incorporated 
 March 31, though it was formed in August, 1868. Its object 
 was to promote among young men, piety and the christian virtues, 
 as well as social and mental improvement. Devotional meetings 
 were frequently held, visiting and missionary work performed, 
 temperance and other lectures delivered, and assistance rendered 
 to strangers and others, in procuring employment and suitable 
 homes. Rooms were furnished with books and periodicals, and 
 for the holding of meetings, social intercourse and rational amuse- 
 ment. The quarters were made attractive and every one was 
 welcome. Similar associations were formed in most of the large 
 places throughout New England, always with highly beneficial 
 results. 
 
 About midnight, on Sunday, April 3, the Fred Bliss, a brig 
 of 338 tons, was wrecked on the Swampscott shore, near the 
 old Ocean House estate, a few rods from where the unfortunate 
 Tedesco met her fate, in 1857, when all on board perished. The 
 crew of the Fred Bliss were in much danger, but all were saved. 
 The wreck continued for days to attract numerous visitors. A 
 touching instance of anim&l sympathy is said to have taken place 
 on the occasion of this disaster. A dog, and a cat with two 
 kittens, were on board. By some mishap the cat and one of the 
 kittens were killed. The dog, seeing the other kitten .neglected, 
 seized it and swam ashore, holding it up carefully in his mouth. 
 On reaching the shore he dug a nestling place in the sand and 
 kept vigilant watch over it till some one took it in charge. 
 
 A delegation of about seventy-five of the colored citizens of 
 Lynn attended the celebration of the ratification of the Fifteenth 
 Amendment of the U. S. Constitution, in Boston, on the 14th 
 of April. They were in citizens' dress, but wore badges and 
 were accompanied by the Lynn Band. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — I87O. 37 
 
 The Exchange Insurance Company, of Lynn, was organized 
 April 23. It was afterwards removed to Boston, though still 
 controlled by gentlemen of this city, and was ruined by the great 
 fire of Nov. 9, 1872. 
 
 May 30, the Soldiers' Memorial Day, was duly observed. The 
 address was by Rev. A. H. Currier, of the Silsbee street church. 
 
 The first regatta of the Lynn Yacht Club — an association 
 recently formed by young men fond of the healthful exercises 
 indicated by the name — took place June 17. The wind and 
 weather were not very favorable, but the animating contest drew 
 together a goodly number of spectators. On the 4th of July 
 another regatta took place, and the weather being propitious it 
 passed off very satisfactorily. 
 
 John E. Gowan, having returned to Lynn from his successful 
 undertaking in raising the ships sunk in the harbor of Sebastopol, 
 during the Crimean war, presented to the Light Infantry a Rus- 
 sian twelve-pound brass field-piece which he brought with him 
 as a remembrancer of his arduous labors. 
 
 The publishers and printers of Lynn this year formed an asso- 
 ciation for social and fraternal purposes. An annual fishing trip 
 down the bay, in summer, and perhaps a general meeting and 
 modest banquet in the winter, served to keep alive the good 
 feelings of the craft. 
 
 A general meeting of the qualified voters of Lynn was held in 
 the vestibule of the City Hall, on the afternoon of Thursday, 
 Sept. I, being the first meeting ever called in accordance with 
 the section of the City Charter which provides that on the requi- 
 sition of fifty qualified voters, such meetings shall be warned by 
 the mayor and aldermen, " to consult on the public good." The 
 meeting had special reference to the laying out of Central avenue, 
 which some prominent parties deemed uncalled for by any public 
 exigency or interest. The City Council had ordered the laying 
 out, and this meeting was called in the hope of obtaining such 
 an expression of public opinion as would induce a reversal of the 
 order. The meeting was large, and several prominent men took 
 part in a warm discussion, which diverged to other questions 
 of public concernment. A decided majority appeared against 
 the measure, and strong resolutions were passed accordingly. 
 But the government, having thoroughly examined the matter, 
 were not led to reconsider their resolution. 
 
 The Park, at the east end of the Common, which had heretofore 
 been so low as to be occasionally incommoded by standing water, 
 was this year raised in grade som.e fifteen inches, over its entire 
 surface. 
 
 The severest shock of an earthquake felt for many years, in 
 this region, took place in the forenoon of Thursday, Oct. 20. In 
 several instances persons in different parts of the city were so 
 
38 ANNALS OF LYNN 187O. 
 
 alarmed by the swaying of the buildings that they rushed into 
 the streets. This was the case, especially, at the large brick 
 factory at the corner of Western avenue and Federal street. No 
 serious damage, however, was done. 
 
 The brick market house, on Central avenue, was opened for 
 the first time for the sale of commodities, on Saturday, Nov. 19. 
 In the evening, a large crowd gathered. 
 
 At the municipal election held Dec. 12, six ladies were elected 
 members of the school committee, this being the first instance 
 of the election of ladies to public office in Lynn. 
 
 Music Hall, on Central avenue, was first occupied on Thurs- 
 day evening, Dec. 22. A fair, by the High street Baptist society, 
 was then held there. 
 
 Early in the evening of Sunday, Christmas day, the large 
 wooden house of worship of the First Church, on South Common 
 street, corner of Vine, was entirely destroyed by fire. The after- 
 noon service had closed but a short time before the fire broke 
 out, and so rapidly did the flames progress, that it was impossible 
 to arrest them. The illumination was striking, and seen as far 
 inland as Lawrence. Portions of the fixtures and furniture were 
 saved. The house was erected in 1836, but could not lay claim 
 to great architectural beauty. The interior, however, had within 
 a few months been much improved, by repairs and embellish- 
 ments. The fire commenced in the eastern wall, no doubt from 
 a defect in the heating apparatus. From the same cause it had 
 taken fire during service, on Sunday, Oct. 6, 1867, when timely 
 discovery prevented serious damage. There was an immediate 
 offer to the bereaved society, by several of the neighboring 
 churches, of the use of their houses of worship, and much chris- 
 tian sympathy was expressed. 
 
 Gold Fish Pond, on Fayette street, near Lewis, was this year 
 greatly improved ; in fact changed from a weedy, bushy sort 
 of shallow lakelet, uncomely to the eye, though to some extent 
 useful for the watering of cattle, to one of. the chief ornaments 
 of that quarter of the city. It was formerly known by the local 
 name of "The Swamp;" and was likewise called "Ingalls's 
 Pond," from the circumstance that near it Edmund Ingalls, one 
 of the first settlers, established himself in the year 1629. About 
 1840 it began to be called Gold Fish Pond, the name originating 
 in the fact that there had then appeared in it numerous gold fish. 
 And these were supposed to have been the offspring of five of the 
 species which some boys procured and let loose there, in 1837. 
 They became so abundant, in a few years, that the youth of the 
 neighborhood gained many a shilling, every season, by catchin^ 
 and peddling them about town. The cost of the improvements 
 of this year, which gave the little pond so picturesque an aspect, 
 was about 1^3.700. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 187O. 39 
 
 The number of arrivals at the port of Lynn, this year, was 
 704; and among the imports were 18.872.961 feet of lumber, 
 44.205 tons of coal, 2.509 cords of wood, 651.000 bricks, 161.511 
 bushels of grain, and 2.460 bushels of potatoes. 
 
 The shoe business of Lynn, for 1870, seemed, on the whole, to 
 have been quite satisfactory. The number of pairs manufactured 
 was about 10.600.000, their value being some $17,000,000, many 
 being of superior quality. It should be remarked that shoes 
 vary in kind, quality, and price, from year to year, a circumstance 
 sufficient to account for apparent inconsistencies in estimates. 
 
 The population of the city having become so large, it had for 
 several years been manifest that means for a supply of water for 
 domestic, mechanical, and fire purposes, beyond the primitive 
 resource of wells, must speedily be devised. The great fires 
 in the winter of 1868-9 spurred to immediate action. Capacious 
 reservoirs, had, indeed, been constructed in different sections, at 
 considerable expense ; but they were far from being inexhaust- 
 ible. After a good deal of discussion in the city council, and 
 out, an arrangement was effected whereby water for fire purposes 
 was to be taken from Flax Pond. Pipes were accordingly laid 
 along some of the principal streets, and the water was first set 
 flowing, on the afternoon of Dec. 8, 1 869 ; that being the first 
 time the city received a supply from any source, by aqueduct, for 
 any purpose. The Flax Pond arrangement being temporary, the 
 suiaject matter was still further promptly acted on in the council. 
 An accomplished engineer was employed to examine the several 
 sources in the vicinity from which a supply might be obtained — 
 Flax, Sluice, Humphrey's and Breed's ponds, and Saugus river. 
 He made an elaborate report, and strongly recommended the 
 purchase of Breed's Pond, which he claimed would yield sufficient 
 for all necessary purposes, at least, for the time being. The 
 city authorities, being satisfied of the value of the recommenda- 
 tion, soon made the purchase. But Breed's Pond was an artificial 
 one, and depended on the dam at Oak street for its very existence. 
 The dam had never appeared 'perfectly tight and safe. Indeed 
 during the terrific storm of April 15, 185 1, when Minot's Ledge 
 light house was destroyed, such breaches had been made that 
 all the water rushed down into the meadow. Immediately after 
 the purchase, work was commenced on the dam ; and the other 
 necessary labor at the pond was vigorously pushed forward. The 
 pipes, also were laid as rapidly as possible. And on Monday, 
 Nov. 21, the water was sent coursing down into the city, announc- 
 ing its arrival on the Common by leaping up at the fountain jet 
 to the height of a hundred feet. The first cost of the Breed's 
 Pond property, was $21,500, exclusive, of course, of the repairs 
 and laying of pipes, but inclusive of several dilapidated wooden 
 
40 
 
 ANNALS OF LYNN' 
 
 1870. 
 
 buildings. The reasonable apprehensions that had disturbed 
 many minds, as to what could be done in case of a sudden con- 
 flagration, were now allayed, and a point attained when time 
 could be taken for further deliberation on the question as to what 
 source should be turned to for a permanently sufficient supply 
 for all necessary purposes. The surveyors had determined 
 that Humphrey's Pond would be insufficient ; that Breed's Pond 
 would supply 1 .000.000 gallons per day, on the average ; Flax 
 Pond, with its adjuncts, 3.000.000 ; Saugus River, 5.500.000. 
 Careful estimates were further made as to the probable amount 
 of population in Lynn at certain future periods. And the con-' 
 elusion was reached, that by the year 1900, the city would require 
 4.000.000 gallons daily. So that, at that comparatively near 
 period, no single source, excepting Saugus River, would be ade- 
 quate. The different waters were analysed, for the purpose of 
 ascertaining their relative purity ; and it was found tha:t Sluice 
 Pond was the purest ; next came Breed's Pond ; next Saugus 
 River ; and last. Flax Pond. In future pages of this volume will 
 be found an account of what was subsequently done in relation 
 to the water supply. 
 
 For several years there had existed among the Lynn people a 
 good deal of dissatisfaction at the unsuitable and insufficient 
 depot accommodations furnished by the Eastern Rail-road Com- 
 pany. The uncomely brick structure, in Central square, which 
 was the principal station, and which was erected in 1848, in a 
 few years became entirely insufficient for the increased traffic. 
 
 Easterii Rail-road Station, Central Square, 
 Erected in 1848, taken down in 1872. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 187O. 4I 
 
 It may, perhaps, be well to mention, in passing, that this was not 
 the first depot. The one erected at the opening of the road, was a 
 diminutive one story wooden structure, standing on the northerly 
 side of the road, without any roofing or other shelter over the track. 
 As soon, however, as the Company manifested a willingness to 
 supply the need, a somewhat warm sectional feeling sprang up, 
 which, to say the least, afforded an excuse for delay. Those who 
 had invested in property, or had established their business in 
 the Square or its immediate neighborhood, naturally enough 
 could not appreciate the claims of those who advocated the 
 removal to a site farther westward. Others, not so circumstanced, 
 claimed that it would be vastly more convenient for the people 
 in general to have the new erection on the westerly side of 
 Market street. There was much discussion and loud talk, success 
 seeming to lean now to one side and then to the other. The 
 legislative arm was invoked, and on the 29th of April, 1865, it 
 was strangely enough enacted that " No rail-road corporation 
 shall abandon any passenger station or depot which is on its 
 road in this Commonwealth, and owned by said corporation, and 
 which has now been or shall hereafter have been established for 
 five years, except by the consent of the legislature ; and the 
 accommodation furnished by the stopping of trains at such 
 stations shall not be substantially diminished, as compared with 
 that furnished at other stations on the same road." This was an 
 unexpected and staggering blow to the Market street party, as it 
 was called. And it seemed as if the Company was inclined to take 
 it as an excuse to delay the erection of a new depot in either 
 that street or Central square. But the matter was kept seething, 
 and in 1868 the legislature sent out a committee to examine into 
 the rival claims. They made a report, and on the nth of June 
 an act was passed requiring the Company to erect a suitable 
 station on the old site in Central square ; with a provision that 
 if they failed to do so, the Supreme Court should have power to 
 appoint commissioners and compel specific performance. Still 
 the Company did nothing, taking the lofty ground that the act 
 was unconstitutional. Then the question of constitutionality 
 went to the Supreme Court, and that august body determined 
 that it was constitutional, and appointed commissioners to pro- 
 ceed with the work of erection. But before they had had time to 
 accomplish any thing, an appeal was taken to the United States 
 Court. But this little stirring episode in Lynn's rail-road history 
 need not be pursued farther than to say that the good people 
 presently came to i^alise the folly of- so illustrating the fable 
 of the Dog in the Manger. And the result was that in 1872 
 two handsome and costly stations were erected, one in Central 
 square, where it still stands, and the other in State street, a few 
 rods from Market, where it remained some months, and was then 
 
43 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 87 1. 
 
 demolished ; thus leaving the old Central square site the perma- 
 nent one. A little wooden building, sufficient for the sheltei 
 of waiting passengers, however, was erected on Market street, 
 where some of the daily trains were made to stop. This " depot 
 war," as it came to be called, has its lesson. It shows how a 
 whole community may be made to suffer inconvenience, year 
 after year, and its business be damaged, by the persistent dis- 
 agreement of a few whose pecuniary interests are at stake. Had 
 the good citizens whose tenacity so long prevented the erection 
 of a new depot in either place, been content to yield a little for 
 the public good, the Company would have had no excuse for delay 
 in providing the much needed accommodations. 
 
 187 1. 
 Rev. Joseph Cook, who for the time being was stated minister 
 of the First Church, during the early- part of this year delivered 
 a series of Sunday evening lectures in Music Hall. They were 
 of a somewhat sensational character and drew very large audiences. 
 One in particular, " On the Moral Perils of the Present Factory 
 System of Lynn," elicited warm discussion, and was denounced 
 by many considerate people as giving an altogether unwarrant- 
 ably dark picture of the culture and morals of the young men and 
 women who labored in the shoe manufactories ; and as unjustly 
 assuming that there was almost, if not entirely, criminal laxity in 
 the management of the establishments. In style, he seemed to 
 emulate his sturdy predecessor. Rev. Parsons Cooke, often em- 
 ploying language any thing but choice and denunciations far 
 from gentle. The lectures also appeared in print, and caused 
 much acrimonious comment. Mr. Cook, some years after, deliv- 
 ered lectures in Boston and other large cities, where they were 
 attended by very great audiences, and met on the one hand with 
 the warmest applause and on the other with the most vigorous 
 tokens of disapproval. 
 
 Died, in Swampscott, Jan. 21, Capt. Thomas Widger, a native 
 of Marblehead, aged 80 years. He commenced a seafaring life 
 when but nine years old, shipping at that time for a fishing 
 voyage to the Grand Banks. He afterwards sailed on merchant 
 voyages to foreign ports, and early in the war of 18 12 was taken 
 prisoner by the British, and remained a year in a prison ship, 
 when he was exchanged. Subsequently he sailed from Salem in 
 the privateer America, on a cruise during which several prizes 
 were captured. After the war he was again* in the Grand Bank 
 fishery. In 1832 he settled in Swampscott and continued to 
 follow the seas ; finally, as age pressed upon him, employing 
 himself in the humble capacity of a dory fisherman. His habits 
 were temperate, and through life he enjoyed remarkably good 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 87 1. 43 
 
 health, and never required the use of spectacles in reading the 
 finest print. An interesting incident in his stirring life, and one 
 indicative of his horror of inhumanity in a sailor, was his joining 
 in the famous feat of tarring and feathering " Old Floyd Ireson," 
 which remarkable performance has been so often celebrated by 
 historian and poet. It should, however, be kept in mind that 
 it was long since positively denied that Skipper Ireson was 
 guilty of the "hord horted" act of refusing assistance to the 
 wrecked crew, which was the occasion of his ignominious treat- 
 ment, but suffered from false accusation. 
 
 Between one and two o'clock on the morning of Feb. 20, a fire 
 occurred in a building on the Osborne estate, on Walnut street, 
 near the Saugus line. Mr. John M'Kenney, with his wife and 
 five young children, occupied a tenement in the building. The 
 alarm was sudden and the fire spread rapidly. Mr. M'Kenney 
 perished in the flames and the others barely escaped in their 
 night clothes. One little fellow of six years fled barefoot upon 
 the ice and snow, with a younger child upon his back, bravely 
 struggling on for about a quarter of a mile, till he reached a 
 place of safety. 
 
 The month of March was unusually mild — stated by meteor- 
 ologists to be the warmest for forty-seven years. 
 
 There was a brilliant auroral display on the night of April 17. 
 A beautiful arch of several hues rose in the north, and by its 
 constant changes in form and color afforded a most interesting 
 spectacle. 
 
 The fine brick building on the northeast side of Exchange 
 street near Broad, was completed in the spring of this year, and 
 immediately occupied by the Lynn Institution for Savings and 
 the First National Bank, 
 
 The first lighting of street lanterns on Nahant, was on the 
 night of May g. 
 
 Four of the clergymen of Lynn were this year travelling in 
 Europe. 
 
 The little pond near the centre of the Common and its neat 
 surroundings were completed about the middle of May, and the 
 sparkling little fountain then threw up its picturesque jets. 
 
 A reputable citizen reported seeing, as he passed Gold Fish 
 pond, early on a May morning, a singular contest between hostile 
 parties of frogs and toads. They were engaged in a fierce battle, 
 which terminated in victory for the frogs. He declared that the 
 poor toads were actually drowned by having their heads forced 
 under the water and there held by the frogs, it requiring in some 
 instances two frogs to overcome one toad. The victory was 
 celebrated by exulting croaks. What the occasion of the reptile 
 war was, did not appear. 
 
 On Tuesday, May 30, Soldiers' Memorial Day, fitting ceremo- 
 
44 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 8/ 1. 
 
 nies took place. The oration was delivered by J. K. Tarbox, Esq. 
 of Lawrence. 
 
 The corner stone of Odd Fellows' Hall, on the site of the old 
 Lyceum Hall, on Market street, corner of Summer, was laid on 
 Monday, June 12, with appropriate ceremonies. Preparations 
 had been made for a grand display, and organizations from abroad 
 had been invited. But the unpropitious weather interfered with 
 many details. 
 
 It is an old belief, traces of which may be found reaching back 
 to periods long before European settlement commenced here, 
 that shell fish, clams especially, are poisonous during the warm 
 season, or, as it is usually expressed, during every month that is 
 spelled without an r. Many, however, have contended that the 
 bivalves are as healthy for food at one time as another. But an 
 incident occurred here, on July 6, which was accepted by many 
 as confirmatory. Four men went over to Pines Point, and there 
 ate rather bountifully of raw clams. They were soon taken sick 
 and hastened homeward. Immediately after their arrival two 
 died ; but the others, after much suffering, recovered. Such a 
 meal, however, might be accounted sufficiently dangerous for 
 any stomach, irrespective of the idea of poison. An incident 
 similar to the foregoing occurred in June, 1848. 
 
 A singular case of spontaneous combustion took place in 
 August, in a body of some four hundred tons of Sydney coal, on 
 a wharf running from Broad street. It appears to have smoul- 
 dered for a few days, when, on the nth, it set fire to the shed 
 under which it lay. A steam fire engine was employed in th'e 
 attempt to extinguish it, but it was necessary to throw a portion 
 into the dock, to save the remainder. About sixty tons were 
 lost. The combustion appeared to have been caused by rain 
 and the heat of the sun. 
 
 An unusually long drought occurred in the summer of this 
 year. No rain fell for forty-two days. 
 
 Five tents of Indians — about the number who usually appear 
 here when the summer visitors arrive — encamped on the Beach, 
 near the foot of Beach street, and remaine'^ a month or two, 
 plying their humble trade in baskets and bead-work. 
 
 A terrible disaster took place on the Eastern Rail-road, at 
 Revere, on the evening of Saturday, Aug. 26, the weather being 
 damp and foggy. An accommodation train from Boston reached 
 the Revere station soon after eight o'clock. The passengers for 
 that place had landed and the train was just beginning to move 
 forward when an express train, with a terrific crash, dashed 
 down upon it, the locomotive fairly burying itself in the rear car, 
 which was crowded with passengers, their number being not less 
 than a hundred, many of whom were standing. By this appalling 
 casualty thir^ persons were killed, eleven of them of Lynn, and 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 87 1. 45 
 
 J 
 
 some seventy-five injured, fifteen or twenty seriously. The ven- 
 erable Dr. Ezra S. Gannett, a Unitarian minister of Boston, and 
 long a colleague of the celebrated Dr. Channing, who was on his 
 way to Lynn to preach in the Unitarian church, the next day, 
 was among the killed. Mr. Thomas F. Bancroft, a deacon of the 
 First Church of Lynn and an extensive shoe manufacturer, was 
 also among the killed. He had but recently made the long jour- 
 ney to and from California, over the Pacific Rail-road, without 
 meeting with an accident. Large claims for damages were made 
 against the road, and they were honorably settled. 
 
 There was a violent storm on Sunday evening, Aug. 27. Sev- 
 eral small buildings and numerous trees were prostrated. 
 
 ,The Odd Fellows of Essex county had a great parade in Lynn, 
 Sept. 29. The weather was favorable and the members appeared 
 in their rich and showy regalia. 
 
 The Electric Fire Alarm was first operated through all the 
 circuits, on the evening of Oct. 2. 
 
 Something of an idea of the passion for out-door social gather- 
 ings, or pic-nic parties, as they are called, at this period, may be 
 formed from the fact that thirty-seven were held in the single 
 locality of Echo Grove, during the summer ; and that grove is 
 but one of several similar places of resort within or about our 
 borders. Many of the parties were from neighboring towns ; 
 and on the other hand many Lynn parties went to other places. 
 
 Died, at his place of residence. South Common street, corner 
 of Commercial, Oct. 11, David Taylor, aged 68. He was not a 
 native of Lynn, but came here at an early age, friendless and 
 poor. By industry and business tact, however, he took rank, 
 while yet a young man, among the first of our shoe manufactur- 
 ers. In January, 1833, he met with a serious loss by fire, his 
 manufactory, which stood on the corner of Elm and Ash streets, 
 being burned, with a large amount of stock. But he was soon 
 again in prosperous business and largely engaged in the southern 
 trade. He took considerable interest in political affairs though 
 not an office holder, and in 1838, in connection with Charles 
 Coolidge established the Lynn Freeman, a large and well-ap- 
 pointed political weekly newspaper of the Whig stamp. His 
 connection with the paper, however, was not of long continuance. 
 He established a business house in New Orleans, and for several 
 years spent a large part of his time in that city. A newspaper 
 writer said of him, " He was a fixture in the New Orleans market, 
 and was as well known there and up the river as the most popu- 
 lar boat that came and went. We can see him now as he used 
 to appear, with his portly person, his partially bald head, his 
 genial countenance, his neat dress, and his massive gold foli- 
 chain and seal." The war of the Rebellion found him in the 
 
46 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 87 1. 
 
 south, a staunch Union man ;' and he suffered severely, in a 
 pecuniary way. After the close of the war, he was able to gather 
 up something from his scattered fortune, and passed the remain- 
 der of his life in Lynn, in comfortable though not affluent circum- 
 stances. He was accustomed to take a practical view of life, and 
 for his reading chose the more solid works. And having been 
 in contact with all classes and travelled in various parts of the 
 country, with an observing eye, he was enabled to impart much 
 useful information. The house in which he died was the same 
 which he had in process of erection at the time of the burning 
 of his manufactory, in 1833. "Taylor's Building," on the corner 
 of Elm street, and adjoining the western extremity of " Healey's 
 Arcade," which was, at the time of its erection, probably the most 
 costly building in Lynn, and considered by many to be quite 
 beyond the requirements of the times, remains as evidence of his 
 enterprise. 
 
 By the great fire in Chicago, which commenced on the night 
 of Oct. 7, it was for a time feared that some of our business men 
 would suffer materially, the shoe and leather dealers there being 
 indebted to Lynn manufacturers to the amount of some $150,000. 
 But the real loss, happily, proved inconsiderable. A meeting in 
 aid of the sufferers by the calamity was held in Music Hall on the 
 evening of October 10, at which resolutions of sympathy were 
 adopted, and arrangements made for systematic contributions 
 of money, clothing, and all articles of prime necessity. The 
 contributions in money amounted to something above $17,000. 
 And some forty cases of bedding, clothing, boots and shoes, &c. 
 were likewise gathered and forwarded. 
 
 President Grant passed through Lynn on the morning of Oct. 
 16. A large crowd had assembled in Central square to greet 
 him, but he merely stepped out upon the platform of thePullman 
 car in which he was journeying eastward, bowed to the multitude, 
 and bad them good morning. 
 
 The autumn foliage this year presented unusually rich and 
 varied tints. It was a rare treat even to one accustomed to these 
 annual displays to witness the brilliant show, and many a fair 
 lady could be met on a pleasant day wending her way from the 
 woods with leafy gatherings of almost dazzling brightness. 
 
 Two human skeletons, supposed to be aboriginal remains, were 
 exhumed, in Ocean street, Nov. 2. 
 
 A very violent easterly storm commenced on the evening 
 of Nov. 14, and continued through the 15 th. The wind was 
 vpry high, and drove the sea in with great fury. Much damage 
 was done along the coast. The lower part of Beach street was 
 overflowed to the depth of something more than two feet, and 
 the condition of the wharves indicated a tidal influx as great, 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN I87I. 47 
 
 within a few inches, as during the n^emorable storm of April 15, 
 1851. A great concourse, among whom were many women, 
 gathered all about the headlands and in the vicinity of the beaches, 
 to witness the grandeur of the scene, heedless of the pelting of 
 the storm. The embankment along the 'seaward front of Ocean 
 street was much damaged, and the Eastern Rail-road track was 
 rendered impassable for some hours. The stone monument on 
 Bowditch ledge, off Marblehead, was carried away, after having 
 withstood the stormy assaults of thirty years. 
 
 On the night of Nov. 17, a shocking death occurred in a house 
 on Howard street. Mrs. Jane Clinton, wife of John G. Clinton, a 
 barber, was found dead on the kitchen floor, the body bearing 
 such marks as at first led to the supposition that she had been 
 murdered, and an attempt made to conceal the crime by setting 
 fire to the premises. Suspicion fell on the husband, and he was 
 arrested. A coroner's inquest was held, and the result of their 
 examination was that she' was burned to death by the breaking 
 of a kerosene lamp. The jury also found that both husband 
 and wife had been intoxicated and engaged in a quarrel during 
 the afternoon. They ascribed to the husband no direct agency 
 in the death of the wife, but added that had he been sober, and 
 attended. to his duty, the death might not have taken place. 
 
 A fire occurred on Lamper and Brother's wharf, at the foot 
 of Pleasant street, on Wednesday evening, Dec. 13. A large 
 stable and wagon shed, with a quantity of hay, were consumed. 
 But the most lamentable feature of the disaster was the perishing 
 of sixteen valuable horses. 
 
 A starthng tragedy took place on Saturday forenoon, Dec. 16, 
 in which William Vehnar, known also as William Brown, a man 
 about thirty-six years of age, and a native of Maine, but who had 
 resided here a few months, was chief actor. He came to Lynn 
 with a woman who appears to have been the wife of Thomas 
 Jones, of Washington, Me., but who had abandoned her lawful 
 husband to live with Vennar, who seems to have had a wife in 
 Washington. They were boarding, temporarily, with Mrs. Sarah 
 Roundy, on Adams street. He was intemperate, and, especially 
 when in liquor, of ferocious disposition. The two had many 
 quarrels, but were represented to have appeared unusually loving 
 on the morning of the murder. A Mrs. Conway, who resided in 
 another tenement in the same house, at about half past nine, 
 hearing terrific screams, hastened to the door, and saw Vennar 
 clutching his victim by the hair, and with a large dirk knife 
 actually butchering her. Having accomplished his purpose, by 
 nearly severing the left jugular vein and wholly severing the 
 carotid artery, he washed his hands and fled. But Mrs. Conway 
 had, as soon as she recovered from the first shock of horror, 
 given the alarm, and persons were fast gathering. Vennar, how- 
 
48 ANNALS OF LYNN — l8jl. 
 
 ever, escaped, and gained a patch of woods on Farrington's hill, , 
 on the north side of Western avenue. Here he was surrounded, 
 and kept at bay till others arrived, among them the city marshal 
 and several police officers. Vennar now took a defiant attitude, 
 brandishing his still bloody weapon and threatening death to 
 any one who dared approach. By direction of the marshal, offi- 
 cers Thurston and Whitten endeavored to disarm him, but did 
 not succeed. Finally, officer Thurston, in an attempt with a 
 club to strike the arm that held the knife, lost his footing. Ven- 
 nar then sprang to him, and with the utmost fury began to stab 
 him. That was the decisive moment, it being evident that 
 Thurston's life was in imminent peril, and that instant action 
 alone could save him. And the marshal proved himself equal to 
 the emergency. With promptness and coolness he levelled his 
 pistol and fired two shots. And Vennar fell dead. The coro- 
 oner's verdict, as well as public opinion, fully justified the act 
 of the marshal. 
 
 During the winter of this year the frost penetrated to an unu- 
 sual depth ; in many places five or six feet. There was little snow, 
 and many days of intense cold. 
 
 During the three months ending Dec. 31, the Swampscott 
 fishermen brought in 1. 140.000 pounds of cod. At two cents a 
 pound, which was rather a low price for that year, the value 
 would be ;^22.8oo. Some ^3.000 worth of oil was also obtained 
 during the same three months. 
 
 The number of passengers carried over the Eastern Rail-road 
 during the year was 4.635.482 ; and the tons of freight, 378.199. 
 The rate of speed per hour, including stops, was as follows : 
 freight trains, 15 miles; accommodation passenger trains, 20 
 miles ; express trains, 28 miles. 
 
 The number of feet of lumber imported into Lynn during the 
 quarter ending with December, was 8.443.000. About 50.000 
 tons of coal were brought in during the year. 
 
 The number of persons carried to and from Boston, by the 
 horse cars, during the year, was 122.000. 
 
 There were 392 marriages in ' Lynn, this year. The ages 
 of the oldest couple were 66 and 46 years, and the youngest, 18 
 and 16 years. The largest number solemnized by any one min- 
 ister was by Rev. Patrick Strain, of St. Mary's Roman Catholic 
 church. 
 
 This year and the two preceding years were remarkable for the 
 little rain that fell. It was a common remark that we experi- 
 enced a three years' drought. The winters set in with extremely 
 low springs. 
 
 So many cases of small-pox occurred in Lynn, this year, that 
 some alarm was occasioned, and measures were taken to have a 
 general vaccination. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 8/2. 49 
 
 1872. 
 
 The new Methodist Meeting-house on the corner of Maple 
 and Chesnut streets, Glenmere village, was dedicated on the 
 afternoon of February 15. 
 
 The schooner Champion, of Swampscott, on Friday and Satur- 
 day, Feb. 16 and 17, with a crew of twelve men, stocked 30.000 
 pounds of fish, which sold for four cents the pound — ;^ 1.200. 
 For Friday's catch the crew realized $y2 each. 
 
 A two story wooden building, on Willow street, formerly stand- 
 ing on the north side of Central square, and known as the Bay 
 State Building from the circumstance of its being that in which 
 the Bay State newspaper was printed, was nearly destroyed by 
 fire on Sunday morning, Feb. 25. 
 
 The City Hall bell was raised to its position, on Saturday, 
 March 2. Its weight is 4.937 pounds. 
 
 During the early part of March there were several extremely 
 cold days. Ice was formed from Swampscott to Nahant. On the 
 7th the fishermen were able to do what they had not done before 
 for nineteen years, that is, walk on the ice to their vessels at the 
 moorings. A great many garden evergreens and hardy shrubs 
 were killed. The average temperature of the month, at sunrise, 
 was twenty-one and a half degrees, which was three degrees 
 colder than the average temperature of January. 
 
 ' On Thursday, March 14, the trim little steamer Meta, com- 
 menced running to and from Boston, making two trips daily,, 
 each way, with passengers and freight. In July, the Carrie was 
 added to the line, and the two together then made six trips each 
 way, daily. But the line was soon discontinued. 
 
 86.000 lobsters were taken during the three months beginning 
 with Jan. i, by the fishers of Nahant. Fears began to arise, and 
 calculations to be made as to the probable extermination of the 
 species, if the great destruction were not checked. It was shown,, 
 at least to the satisfaction of many, that in forty years lobsters 
 would become unknown upon the coast, if some restrictions were 
 not enforced. The apprehensions became so lively that the 
 legislature was induced to interpose, and in 1874 passed a law 
 that " Whoever sells, or offers for sale, or has in his possession 
 with intent to sell, either directly or indirectly, any lobster less 
 than ten and one half inches in length, measuring from one 
 extreme of the body to the other, exclusive of claws or feelers, 
 shall forfeit for every such lobster, five dollars." The fears for 
 the fate of the lobster were by no means groundless ; yet one is 
 reminded of the appeals of some of the early settlers who were 
 sorely apprehensive that the old iron works would consume all 
 the wood that grew hereabout. 
 
 A meeting of the City Council was held in the common coun- 
 
 4 
 
50 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 872. 
 
 cil chamber on the evening of Tuesday, April i6, to join in 
 testimonials in honor to the memory of Professor Morse, the 
 inventor of the electric telegraph, who had recently died. Appro- 
 priate resolutions were passed, and ordered to be entered on the 
 records of both branches, and were also immediately sent forth, 
 on the wires, to the meeting at the same time convened in the 
 national representative hall, at Washington. Brief addresses 
 were made by the mayor and several of the city clergymen ; and 
 the whole proceedings were highly eulogistic of the deceased. 
 
 Died, at his residence on Western avenue, April 21, Dr. James 
 M. Nye, aged 53, a native of Salisbury, Mass. He was a prac- 
 tising physician here, some thirty years, was highly respected 
 as a citizen, and for skill and promptitude in his profession. In 
 scientific pursuits and all educational matters, he took great 
 interest, and was not remiss in labors for the moral elevation 
 of the community. For many years he was a prominent and 
 useful member of the First Baptist church. 
 
 The Lynn Homoeopathic Society was formed, April 23, by 
 the resident homoeopathic physicians. 
 
 May 30, was, according to the now established custom, cele- 
 brated as the Soldiers' Memorial day. The address was delivered 
 by ex-Governor Fairfield of Wisconsin, in the vestibule of the 
 City Hall, the inclemency of the weather interfering with the 
 contemplated out-door proceedings. 
 
 The fine brick building in Franklin street, erected for the 
 Cobbet school, was dedicated May 31. Besides the usual intel- 
 lectual entertainment, a banquet was provided, to which ladies 
 as well as gentlemen were invited. The Cobbet school received 
 its name from Rev. Thomas Cobbet, settled here in 1637, as 
 colleague of Rev. Mr. Whiting. 
 
 There was a heavy thunder shower, June 12, during which the 
 lightning struck in five places in Lynn, and considerably disar- 
 ranged the telegraphic fire alarm. 
 
 On the 17th of June, a regatta took place under the auspices 
 of the Lynn Yacht Club, which afforded much gratification to 
 the large company assembled. 
 
 The great musical entertainment known as "The World's 
 Peace Jubilee and International Musical Festival," commenced 
 in Boston, June 17, with its chorus of 20.000 voices and its 
 orchestra of more than i.ooo instruments, its great organ, mam- 
 moth drum, and belching cannon, and continued some fifteen 
 days. Many ladies and gentlemen of Lynn lifted their voices in 
 the chorus. Among the most notable features of the whole 
 occasion were the grand performances of the instrumental bands 
 from Europe — the English, Irish, French, and Prussian. The 
 weather was excessively warm most of the time, and the crowds 
 of people in and about the Coliseum, and indeed around the city 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 872. 5 I 
 
 generally rendered a visit though highly interesting, subject to 
 many discomforts. 
 
 Died, in Saugus, June 19, Joseph Cheever, aged a hundred 
 years and three months. He served as a representative in the 
 legislature in 1 8 1 7, and for several terms in subsequent years, 
 his last service being in 1835. 
 
 The first Roman Catholic church on Nahant was built this 
 year, and occupied in July. 
 
 The National Association of Morocco Manufacturers, composed 
 chiefly of the principal persons engaged in the trade, in the 
 Middle and New England States, visited Lynn, July 11. They 
 were hospitably entertained by the brethren of the trade here, 
 and taken to Nahant, where they partook of a dinner, and then 
 to Swampscott, where a supper was provided. During the day 
 opportunity was taken to discuss matters pertaining to their 
 branch of business, which had risen to be of commanding impor- 
 tance in the country. 
 
 A company was formed this year for the manufacture of Frear 
 stone. They established a factory in Essex street, and among 
 their first contracts was that to furnish the trimmings for the 
 Baptist church, about that time in process of erection at the 
 corner of Essex and Washington streets. Door-steps, memorial 
 stones, garden urns, and a variety of other articles were made, 
 which it was claimed were quite as durable and in some respects 
 preferable to manufactures from natural stone. The company, 
 however, were not successful, pecuniarily, and operations were 
 soon discontinued. 
 
 On the 1 8th of July, there was a considerable gathering under 
 the auspices of the Lynn manufacturers, of persons engaged in 
 the shoe and leather trade in different parts of the country. The 
 portion of the company assembled at Lynn rode to Nahant in 
 procession, and were there joined by others who came from 
 Boston by steamer. The occasion was rather designed for 
 social enjoyment than dry business purposes, and a band of music 
 was employed to enliven the occasion. Every provision was 
 made for table gratifications, and speeches, humorous and sedate, 
 were delivered. Various sports were engaged in, and the inter- 
 esting spectacle of a regatta provided. The latter, however, 
 proved rather a failure, as a dense ocean mist rolled in. 
 
 A comical little incident occurred to some of our grave city 
 officials on a certain balmy summer day. The question of a new 
 almshouse had been a^gitated in the council, and afterwards, in 
 committee, the style of the proposed building was considered. 
 In the course of the discussion it was represented, on newspaper 
 authority, that a model institution had lately been erected in 
 Hartford. Upon the information, such high authority not being 
 questioned, three or. four officials went forth on a tour of inpsec- 
 
52 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 872. 
 
 tion. Arrived in Hartford, they forthwith waited on the mayor 
 and proceeded to unfold the purpose of their visit. They were 
 hospitably received, but without circumlocution and with manifest 
 astonishment informed that no such building as they came to 
 inspect, existed. The polite attentions were calculated to alle- 
 viate their chagrin, but not to abate the unspoken .maledictions 
 upon the disseminator of the false information that induced their 
 fruitless journey. 
 
 The lamps placed along the beach road leading to Nahant 
 were lighted for the first time on the evening of July 24. They 
 proved not only a great convenience, but quite a picturesque 
 feature, as viewed from the heights. 
 
 A Crispin strike, so called, took place in Lynn during the 
 summer. The organization known as the Knights of St. Crispin 
 had been in existence several years and embraced a large portion 
 of the operatives in the shoe business. For a year or two they 
 had been working at prices agreed upon between themselves and 
 the manufacturers ; but the time to which the .arrangement was 
 limited had expired, and the employers were not all disposed to 
 continue to pay the same prices, in every department, some 
 of them proposing to make a small reduction in the price of work 
 on a particular part of the shoe, where it was alleged such facili- 
 ties had lately been introduced as to justify such a step. This 
 was met by the peremptory order of the Crispin " Board of Ar- 
 bitration," that all members who were at work in the shops where 
 the reduction was made, should cease work on Friday, July 26, 
 as well those who were not called to suffer a reduction as those 
 who were. The manufacturers did not propose to reduce the 
 prices generally. In compliance with the official order, the Cris- 
 pins in the shops alluded to, ceased to work ; the great body 
 of the associates were soon idle ; and some of the largest manu- 
 factories were brought to a " stand still," as the phrase was. 
 To indulge long in such a course, it soon became apparent, 
 would not only be damaging to individual interests, but seriously 
 detrimental to the prosperity of the city. Some prominent man- 
 ufacturers made preparations to move their machinery to other 
 places, where they would not in future be embarrassed by the 
 action of such organizations. A good many Crispins who had 
 been satisfied with their situations and rates of ffay, were forced 
 by the order of their Board of Arbitration to remain idle for 
 weeks, much to the injury of themselves and their families. It 
 happened to be a season when business was not brisk, so that 
 the manufacturers felt the better able to take a persistent stand 
 against the demands of what they deemed an unjust and unrea- 
 sonable organization. The Crispins, being generally dependent 
 on their daily labor, and, with perhaps the • exception of a few 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 872. 53 
 
 hot-heads, really considerate and fair-minded, began to see the 
 greater evils that must follow, if things remained in that position, 
 or if the business were driven out of the city. On the evening 
 of August 2, the manufacturers held a meeting at which it was 
 resolved " That it is for the best interests of the city of Lynn 
 that every manufacturer manage his own business, irrespective 
 of any organization." The following agreement was then drawn 
 up, and received the signatures of some fifty of the principal 
 individual manufacturers and firms : " We the undersigned, man- 
 ufacturers of the city of Lynn, hereby agree that on and after 
 Saturday, Aug. lo, we will employ no person subject to, or under 
 the control of, any organization claiming the power to interfere 
 with any contract between employer and employee." They 
 claimed that they had a right to make their own bargains, and 
 had decided to make them with such only as were free to bargain 
 for themselves. The Crispins received notice of the determina- 
 tion of the manufacturers, and though at first there seemed to 
 some extent a disposition to refuse compliance, the organization 
 in reality soon ceased to claim control over its members in the 
 vexed matter of bargaining for wages.. And then, when business 
 revived, all hands went cheerfully to work. On the whole, per- 
 haps, this movement was beneficial in its results, for it was taken 
 notice of throughout the country, and elicited discussions touch- 
 ing such organizations which were calculated to prove widely 
 useful. And here, at home, the good and evil features of the 
 local organization were canvassed in a manner that may have a 
 permanent influence for good. There was an unusually small 
 amount of personal acrimony exhibited during the proceedings, 
 the troublesome questioris being mostly met, by both sides, in a 
 forbearing, manly way. Possibly the circumstance most to be 
 lamented was that some of the enterprising manufacturers with- 
 drew portions at least of their business from Lynn and established 
 factories in other pirts of the State, in Maine and New Hamp- 
 shire. Some distant towns, availing themselves of the posture 
 of affairs here, offered large inducements in the way of remission 
 of taxes and assistance in various forms to such as would com- 
 mence establishments within their borders. 
 
 Early in the evening of Aug. 13, the large box factory building 
 of S. O. Breed, near the southerly end of Commercial street, was 
 struck by lightning and set on fire. It was totally destroyed, 
 together with a small building in the rear. The bolt was seen 
 by several persons when it struck. 
 
 The summer of this year was remarkable for its excessive heat 
 and the frequency and severity of its thunder showers. It was 
 also remarkable for the abundance of winged insects, particularly 
 mosquitos and house flies. From April to Nov. much rain fell. 
 
54 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 872. 
 
 The brick house of worship of the First Congregational So- 
 ciety, on South Common street, corner of Vine, was dedicated 
 on Thursday evening, Aug. 29; sermon by Rev. Mr. Dennin. 
 An auction sale of pews was held on the evening of Sept. 18, and 
 $3,000 raised. The highest bid for choice was $250. The corner 
 stone was laid on the afternoon of July 10, 1871. 
 
 The capacious and elegant Ingalls school house, on Essex 
 street, was dedicated Aug. 31. Ingalls school was so named 
 from Edmund and Francis Ingalls, the first settlers. 
 
 Died, in Swampscott, Sept. 25, Joseph Harding, aged 97. He 
 was supposed to be the oldest free-mason in the State, having 
 joined the Adams lodge, in Wellfleet, in 1800. 
 
 William F. Mitchell, having been chosen City Missionary by 
 representatives of the different religious organizations, entered 
 upon the duties of the office in September. He served faithfully 
 for five or six years, and then the distinctive office was discon- 
 tinued. 
 
 From May 19 to Oct. 6, inclusive, on all the Sundays, twenty- 
 one in number, the weather was pleasant. 
 
 So famed had Swampscott become as a watering place that 
 during this year it was estimated that there were between 10.000 
 and 11.000 visitors. The fashionable time for driving was from 
 four in the afternoon, till dark ; and at that time the fine drives in 
 the vicinity afforded as much elegance and as great diversity in 
 turn-outs as could be seen any where. The gay nag pranced 
 with the lordly equipage, and the raw-boned roadster with his 
 rattling gig. There is probably no place on the New England 
 coast with a more salubrious climate, or affording better facilities 
 for the comforts and enjoyments of a temporary summer resi- 
 dence. Yachting, rowing, fishing, bathing, and in short all kinds 
 of marine exercise or sport, can here be indulged in to the heart's 
 content. Here, too, all the fashionable in-door recreations and 
 diversions — games, music, dancing, social converse — may be 
 pursued in the most genial company. And then the magnificent 
 and ever changing ocean views, by sunlight and moonlight, and 
 the charming landscape scenes are never wearying to the culti- 
 vated eye. 
 
 During the warm months of this year and the three preceding 
 years there was great activity in real estate transactions, and 
 prices advanced wonderfully, not only in the central sections but 
 in the remote outskirts and rough highlands. Indeed they were 
 rank speculative times. Many who owned small estates near 
 business centres found themselves suddenly rich — and it should 
 be added that if they invested their sudden gains in other real 
 estate, and continued to hold it a couple of years, they probably 
 grew just as suddenly poor again, for an equalizing depression 
 followed the inflation. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1872. 
 
 55 
 
 Odd Fellows' Hall, on Market street, corner of Summer, was 
 dedicated on Monday, Oct. 7. During the afternoon there was 
 a parade, in regalia, which attracted much attention, and a dinner 
 was partaken of at the Kertland House. The dedicatory services, 
 held in the evening, were of a highly interesting character, and 
 at the close the officers partook of a supper at the above-named 
 house. Soon after the dedication a great Fair for the benefit 
 of the lodge was held in the new building, and the sum real- 
 ized was a little over ^5.000. The Bay State Lodge of Odd 
 Fellows, in Lynn, was instituted in 1844, and at the time of the 
 dedication numbered a membership of 680. 
 
 Odd Fellows' Hall, Lynn : Erected in 1872. 
 
 Cheap rail-road trains, intended particularly for the benefit 
 of working men, commenced running on the Eastern Rail-road, 
 between Lynn and Boston, in November. Twenty tickets were 
 sold for a dollar, which made the fare about half a cent per mile. 
 A train left Lynn at half past five in the morning and Boston at 
 half past six in the evening. 
 
 The 'great fire in Boston commenced on the evening of Satur- 
 
56 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 872. 
 
 day, Nov. 9, and continued to rage sixteen hours, destroying 
 property to the value of 1^70.000.000. During the night, from the 
 hights about Lynn the flames presented a grand and startling 
 spectacle, and the light was seen by passengers on board the 
 steamers as far off as Long Island Sound. Detachments of the 
 Lynn firemen hastened to the assistance of their unfortunate 
 neighbors, taking with them a couple of our steam fire engines, 
 and were afterwards by the Boston officials publicly thanked for 
 their efficient services. A number of the business men of Lynn 
 were large sufferers by the calamity. Between fifty-nine and 
 sixty acres of the heavy business portion of the city were burned 
 over. 
 
 During the latter part of the autumn of this year a singular 
 disease prevailed among the horses here and all over this region 
 of country. It seemed to be a sort of catarrhal fever. Epizootic 
 was the name_ usually applied. Scarcely a horse in all Lynn 
 escaped', thougTi it proved fatal in but few cases. It was, however, 
 disabling, and evidently painful. So extensively did the disease 
 prevail that for some days the accustomed noise of wheel car- 
 riages almost entirely ceased to be heard in our streets. Hand- 
 carts and wheel-barrows were put in requisition, and oxen, cows, 
 goats and dogs were put to new duties. Odd and comical turn- 
 outs were every where seen. In some instances teams of from 
 three to six men were seen hauling along loads. The trips 
 of the horse cars to Boston were suspended, and only occasionally 
 was one made through Lynn. Public request was made by the 
 authorities for the citizens to hasten, in case of an alarm of fire, 
 and assist in dragging the steam fire-engines. In Boston, the 
 United States mails were carried to and from the post-office in ox 
 teams. The ministers in many instances took up the matter as 
 the theme of their Sunday discourses ; and the whole community 
 began to realize our dependence on the equine race. In many 
 cases the recovery was slow, and the exhausting effects were felt 
 for months. 
 
 The brick and iron station of the Eastern Rail-road, on Central 
 square, was built this year ; also the brick and iron station on 
 State street ; which latter was soon taken down. On pages 40, 
 41, and 42, may be found a brief account of the " rail-road war," 
 so called, which took place about this time. The number of daily 
 passenger trains running from Lynn to Boston was forty ; and 
 the number from Boston to Lynn was the same, including five 
 from East Boston. Ten. years before but twelve ran each way. 
 
 The Reservoir, on the northerly slope of Second Pine Hill was 
 built this year. 
 
 The whole number of streets in Lynn, this year, was 236 ; and 
 the number of courts and alleys 75 ; together making about 
 ninety miles in length. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN- 
 
 1873. 
 
 57 
 
 1873. 
 The pumping engine at the public water works, on Walnut 
 street, was first put in operation on the afternoon of January 14, 
 sending up the water from Breed's pond into the Pine Hill Res- 
 ervoir. And on the 27th of February the water was let into the 
 distributing pipes. It was, however, soon discovered that serious 
 leaks existed in the reservoir, and it became necessary during 
 the ensuing summer to puddle the entire bottom. .Measuring 
 on a depth of fifteen feet the reservoir has a capacity of 2.000.000 
 gallons, and is 177 feet above the sea level. The depth is 18 feet, 
 and the water surface about five acres. 
 
 Pumping Engine House, 
 Walnut Street, Lynn. (Rear View.) 
 
 On the night of March 7, a fire commenced in the hardware 
 store on the corner of Washington and Munroe streets, by which 
 property to the amount of $3,600 was destroyed. 
 
 This year Lynn had five organized bands of music, and few 
 public parades of any note took place without the services of one 
 at least. 
 
 On the morning of April 9, the keeper of Egg Rock light 
 shot two wild geese which had alighted on the rock for rest on 
 their migratory journey northward. 
 
 Several of our enterprising Lynn residents sent specimens 
 of their manufactures to the " World's Exposition " which was 
 
$8 ANNALS OF LYNN — iS/J. 
 
 this year in successful operation at Vienna, in Austria. Speci- 
 mens of boots and shoes, of elastic car wheels, and steam gauges 
 were forwarded, and elicited favorable notice. 
 
 On Soldiers' Memorial Day, May 30, Col. C. B. Fox delivered 
 the address. 
 
 English sparrows made their appearance in Lynn, this year — 
 probably the progeny of those imported into Boston a few years 
 before in the hope that they would, in a measure at least, pre- 
 serve the trees from the ravages of canker worms and other 
 destructive insects. Bird houses were placed in the trees on 
 and about the Common and on many private grounds for their 
 accommodation. 
 
 A singular and almost amusing instance of forgetfulness hap- 
 pened to one of our Lynn ladies this year. When about going 
 away on a visit, she concealed, in a rag-bag, divers valuables in 
 the shape of notes and bank books, representing some four thou- 
 sand dollars. Some time after her return she sold to a travelling 
 rag gatherer the contents of her bag, entirely forgetting the con- 
 cealed treasure. But the alarming fact soon after occurred to 
 her, and she hastened to attempt the recovery of her treasure. 
 She traced the rag gatherer to Salem, found the place in which 
 he deposited his musty chattels, and there regained her valuables. 
 
 On the morning of Aug. 16, John Cuzner, aged 34, while at 
 work, with two others, on the northerly side of the tower of the 
 Washington street Baptist church, then in course of erection, 
 was precipitated to the ground from a height of seventy-eight 
 feet, by the fall of the staging, and so injured that he died in an 
 hour. The two others were seriously injured. Charles L. Sav- 
 age, a mason, who worked on the same building, lost his life on 
 the morning of July i, also by defective staging. 
 
 A serious fire occurred in Union street, on the morning of 
 Aug. 25, commencing in French's furniture store, near the Saga- 
 more hotel, the latter barely escaping. Four hundred thousand 
 gallons of water were used in extinguishing the flames, and the 
 water in the new reservoir was lowered four inches. 
 
 Died, Aug. 27, William S. Boyce, aged 63. He was greatly 
 respected for his many excellent qualities. His native place was 
 Portland, but he came to Lynn when about nine years of age, 
 and by industry and diligence accumulated a respectable fortune. 
 He was a member of the Society of Friends, upright in his 
 dealings, intelligent and liberal ; was officially connected with 
 several monetary institutions, and for the last seven years of his 
 life was president of the First National Bank. His death was 
 tragical. He called at the United States Hotel, in Boston, and 
 retired to a bathing room. Remaining so long as to excite 
 alarm, the door was forced open and his lifeless body found, in 
 such a condition as to leave no doubt that his death was volun- 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1873. 
 
 59 
 
 tary. His garments were found disposed in neat order, and 
 every thing indicated premeditation. No satisfactory reason 
 could be given for the act, though he had somewhat failed in 
 health and become depressed in spirits. On the day of his 
 funeral respect was shown for his memory by the closing of a 
 number of prominent business places, and the attendance of many 
 friends. 
 
 The Soldiers' Monument, in Park square, was dedicated on 
 Wednesday, Sept. 1 7. The day was pleasant, and Lynn perhaps 
 never before witnessed a grander demonstration. A long pro- 
 cession, consisting of military organizations, associations of vari- 
 ous kinds, and the fire department, marched through the principal 
 streets, along which many buildings were beautifully decorated, 
 the City Hall especially exhibiting a profuse array of flags and 
 streamers, with various emblematic devices. The dedicatory 
 exercises were held on a platform erected for the purpose, in 
 front of the City Hall, and consisted of music by the military 
 bands, singing by the Lynn Choral Union, prayer by the Rev. 
 Mr. Biddle, an oration by Col. E. P. Nettleton, and a poem by 
 Mr. E. P. Usher. The monument, allegorical and classic, was 
 designed by John A. Jackson, a native of Maine, but resident 
 of Florence, Italy. The casting was executed at Munich in 
 Bavaria, and the whole cost was ^30.000. 
 
 Soldiers' Monument, 
 Park Square. Dedicated Sept. 17, 1873. 
 
60 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 873. 
 
 The new stone and brick house of worship of the First Uni- 
 versalist society, on Nahant street, was dedicated on the nth 
 of September, the sermon being preached by Rev. Elbridge G. 
 Brooks. The corner stone was laid May 27, 1872. 
 
 Concrete crossings began to be laid in the streets this year. 
 
 The branch of the Eastern Rail-road, from Swampscott to 
 Marblehead, was opened for travel, Oct. 20, its length being four 
 miles. 
 
 There was a grand masonic parade in Lynn, Oct. 22, on the 
 occasion of constituting the Olivet Commander)'-, installing the 
 officers, and dedicating the hall. The day was fair, and the 
 proceedings attracted much attention. 
 
 October of this year was found to average the warmest in forty 
 years ; but the next April averaged the coldest in fifty years, 
 rain or snow falling on thirteen days, and there being but nine 
 clear days. 
 
 In the course of local discussions and disagreements as to the 
 source from which the public supply of water should be drawn, 
 a good deal of false alarm was created during the summer and 
 fall. Some asserted that an extraordinary amount of sickness had 
 prevailed in the previous year, and that it was in part at least 
 attributable to the impurity of the water of Breed's pond, which 
 at that time furnished the supply. This induced the Lynn Med- 
 ical society to publish the result of their investigations, which 
 they did in the following terms : " Whereas, it has been generally 
 reported that the last year has been unusually sickly, and the use 
 of the water lately introduced has been assigned as the cause, 
 therefore, Resolved, That the past year has been unusually 
 healthy, and probably the improved health of our city is in some 
 measure to be attributed to the use of water more wholesome 
 than that of wells, many of which are contaminated." 
 
 The Friends' Biennial Conference was held in Lynn this year, 
 commencing Nov. 19. A large number from all parts of the 
 country were present, and the meeting-house, in Silsbee street, 
 being inadequate for their accommodation, some of the meetings 
 were held in the First Universalist church, oi> Nahant street, 
 which was courteously tendered for their use, other houses 
 of worship being also offered. Many leading members of the 
 denomination, male and female, were present to give their testi- 
 mony, to advise, and to discuss ; and it was considered a season 
 of much spiritual profit as well as social enjoyment. The attend- 
 ants from abroad were hospitably entertained by our people of all 
 denominations, and on their departure expressed much satis- 
 faction. 
 
 The three masted schooner Robert Raikes, of Provincetown, 
 from Digby, N. S., struck on the "outer ledge," Swampscott, 
 near midnight, Nov. 1 7, during a severe storm, and -was com- 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 874. 6 1 
 
 pletely wrecked. All on board perished. The fatal place was 
 near where the Tedesco was wrecked, in 1857, ^"d also the Fred 
 Bliss, in 1870. There were five persons on board the Robert 
 Raikes. The captain's name was John Ellis, and his brother 
 William was also on board. And it was a rather remarkable 
 coincidence that another brother, attached to another vessel, was 
 lost during the same storm. Capt. Ellis's body was not recov- 
 ered till Nov. 30. 
 
 A prize fight was interrupted by the police at the Half-way 
 House, on the Turnpike, on the morning of Dec. 31. The prin- 
 cipals were from Providence, R. I., and Boston, and most of the 
 company were from those places. The principals and several 
 others were made prisoners. The fight was going on in an 
 apartment of the house, and it was with great skill and caution 
 that the officers eluded the sentinels and made the captures. 
 
 Three masted coasting schooners, which for some years had 
 occasionally appeared in our harbor, began now to be quite com- 
 mon, that style of vessel proving to be much more readily and 
 economically worked than the square rigged of equal tonnage. 
 
 During the year, 515.952 mail letters and 39.162 drop letters 
 were delivered in the city by post-office carriers. 
 
 Birch Pond was formed this year, for the purpose of securing 
 an additional supply of water, by building a dam across Birch 
 Brook valley, on the east of Walnut street, near the Saugus line. 
 The pond was made to cover about sixty-seven acres. 
 
 18 74. 
 
 On the morning of January 10 a fire commenced in the stable 
 of the Glenmere line of stages, on Chatham street, and consumed 
 the building, several tons of hay, and other property. The most 
 serious matter, however, was the death of ten horses. The whole 
 value of the property lost was 1^2.500. 
 
 George W. Keene died suddenly in the St. Nicholas Hotel, 
 New York, Jan 27, aged 58. He was a native of Leicester, in 
 Worcester county, but from his early youth, with the exception 
 of one or two brief intervals, was a resident of Lynn ; and his 
 sudden death created more than ordinary sensation, for he was 
 widely known as an active business man as well as for his genial 
 manners and benevolent disposition. He belonged to a Quaker 
 family, his mother being the accredited preacher spoken of under 
 date 1 867 ; but he early adopted the Unitarian faith and held 
 fast to it to the end of his life. He was a member of the Masonic 
 and Odd Fellow fraternities and attained to high ranks in the 
 lodges ; had a cultivated mind and took considerable interest in 
 literary and educational affairs ; was thoughtful, and in his med- 
 itations and reasonings did not always pursue the beaten track. 
 
62 ANNALS OF LYNN— 1 874. 
 
 He became an adherent of the doctrines of the spiritualists, 
 though perhaps in a modified form, and held a newspaper discus- 
 sion on some points of their faith, with President Felton of 
 Harvard college. For almost the whole of his business life he 
 was engaged in the manufacture of shoes, the great staple 
 production of Lynn, and by his enterprise in seeking out new 
 inventions and introducing the most approved machinery did his 
 full share in elevating the trade from the position of ill-requited 
 toil to one of profit and commanding importance. The circum- 
 stances of his death were peculiarly afflictive to his friends. He 
 left home on Monday, accompanying a niece to New York, and 
 on Tuesday evening, having taken lodgings at the St. Nicholas, 
 as he was passing through the entrance hall, fell, and in a few 
 minutes expired. He was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery, in 
 the original purchase, laying out, and dedication of which, he 
 took a lively interest. The funeral services were held in the 
 Unitarian church, on the corner of South Common and Church 
 streets, on a day of intense cold and amid the buffetings of a 
 raging snow storm. Mr. Keene married a daughter of Hon. 
 Isaiah Breed, and by her had eight children, five of whom died 
 in infancy. One daughter, Mary B., and two sons, William G. 
 S. and Frank, survived him. 
 
 The act incorporating the Lynn " Home for Aged Women," 
 was passed Feb. 6, the institution being " for the purpose of pro- 
 viding for the support of aged indigent females, not otherwise 
 provided for." The institution was opened with a banquet and 
 informal reception, on the. evening of April 20, 1876, a large 
 company assembling. 
 
 The Irish organizations- of Essex county joined -in a grand 
 celebration of St. Patrick's day, March 17, in Lynn. The pro- 
 cession was long, and quite imposing — pronounced by some to 
 be one of the three finest .ever seen here, eight bands of music 
 enlivening the long march, and the showy regalia and banners 
 attracting much attention. A number of buildings were hand- 
 somely decorated. The weather, however, was very unfavorable. 
 
 A lady in Lynnfield gave birth to three children, at one time, 
 in March, making up a family of four infants, under the age of 
 thirteen months, and eight children, all under twelve years. The. 
 parents not being in very flourishing pecuniary circumstances, 
 were deservedly the recipients of many useful gifts. 
 
 Comrade George S. Merrill was the orator on the Soldiers' 
 Memorial day. May 30. 
 
 In the summer of this year, some workmen in digging a cellar 
 on Pine street, in Swampscott, exhumed what were undoubtedly 
 the remains of an Indian, probably of the ancient Naumkeag 
 tribe. Their situation showed that the person was buried in a 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 874. 63 
 
 sitting posture. Other remains, supposed to be Indian, were 
 found a short time afterward in the same vicinity. Aboriginal 
 remains, as they undoubtedly were, were also dug up in Lynn, 
 near the corner of Ocean and King streets. 
 
 The act incorporating the Flax Pond Water Company was 
 passed June 2, being granted by the legislature for the purpose 
 of supplying with pure water " the city of Lynn or any city or 
 cities, town or towns." It enabled the corporators, their asso- 
 ciates and successors, for the purpose named, to purchase and 
 hold the waters of Flax, Sluice and Cedar ponds in Lynn, and 
 Nell's pond, in Lynnfield, together with the tributary streams 
 and a suitable width of land around to preserve the purity of the 
 water, and such other lands as might be required for the neces- 
 sary works. 
 
 Died, in Peabody, June 6, Oliver B. Coolidge, aged "jS. He 
 was for many years a resident of Lynn and an acting justice 
 of the peace, in which capacity his services were much sought 
 for, as his judgment and discretion were greatly relied on. For 
 several years he was ticket-master at the Central rail-road station, 
 for which position his patience and urbanity well qualified him. 
 He was a native of Woburn, and seven years town clerk there, 
 likewise representing the town in the General Court. One of the 
 most notable points in his life was his association with Mr. Good- 
 year in his early attempts to vulcanize India rubber ; and it was 
 interesting to hear his details about the experiments on an old 
 cooking stove, amid poverty and every sort of annoyance and 
 discouragement. 
 
 The brick house of worship of the Washington Street Baptist 
 Society, corner of Washington and Essex streets, was dedicated 
 on Wednesday evening, June 10, the corner stone having been 
 laid on the afternoon of Saturday, Oct. 5, 1872. 
 
 A comet, with what is popularly called a feather tail, was visible 
 this year, in the northwest, being brightest about the middle of 
 
 July. 
 
 Base-ball had, for the last few years become so popular a sport 
 in different parts of the country as to be spoken of as the national 
 game. Many of our active young men formed themselves into 
 clubs and played match games with those from other places, some 
 times from other states. Lynn Common was frequently the 
 scene of these friendly contests, which called together crowds 
 of spectators, before whom, in their often rather picturesque cos- 
 tumes, and repeatedly in the fervid heat of summer, they exhibited 
 their skill and prowess. But this year a convenient ground for 
 the games was enclosed on the south side of the old Turnpike, a 
 short distance east of Saugus river. 
 
 Died, Sept. 2, John B. Wormstead, aged 85. He was a native 
 of Marblehead, but long a resident of Lynn. \v* the war of 181 2 
 
64 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 874. 
 
 he was a privateersman, and assisted in the capture of seven 
 prizes. One of the vessels had a large amount of specie on board, 
 designed for the payment of British troops, and while under 
 convoy for an American port, Mr. Wormstead, being on guard 
 over the prisoners, discovered a mutinous movement, just in time 
 to prevent the disasters of a recapture. 
 
 The crew of the fishing schooner Laughing Water, of Swamp- 
 scott, on the nth of Sept. captured, off Boon island, a sword 
 fish, weighing, when dressed, six hundred and ninety pounds. 
 
 John H. Smith, aged 23, driver of Empire steam fire engine 
 No. S, was killed on the evening of Sept. 18, by being run over 
 by a hose carriage when starting at an alarm of fire. His head 
 was crushed by one of the wheels. He was. buried from the 
 Washington Street Baptist Church, on Sunday, the entire fire 
 department attending, and also one or two societies of which 
 he was a member. 
 
 Wong Chin Foo, a native Chinese, lectured in Odd Fellows' 
 Hall, on Sunday evening, Oct. 11, to a large audience. He 
 appeared in native costume, and his subject was " Confusius, the 
 Founder and Teacher of the Chinese Religion." He spoke good 
 English, and his lecture, giving a very favorable account of his 
 countrymen, was listened to with much interest. He considered 
 the religion of Confusius more promotive of the good of the four 
 hundred millions of people by whom it is embraced, than any 
 other could be, if indeed it were not the best for the whole world. 
 He endeavored to remove from the minds of his hearers the false 
 belief that his was a nation wholly given to idolatry, and to 
 impress upon them the fact that multitudes of profound scholars 
 and philosophers were to be found there, that moral science was 
 cultivated and virtuous living enforced. 
 
 During the last week of October the tides ran lower, as was 
 calculated, than at any time for forty years. The cause was, 
 partially at least, without doubt, the long-continued mild weather 
 and ofF-shore winds. 
 
 A fire commenced in the furniture establishment of G. B. 
 French, in Union street, on the night of Nov, 9, destroying large 
 portions of several stocks of goods. The premises were the same 
 on which a fire occurred Aug. 25, 1873. 
 
 A mechanics' fair was opened in the building in Market street, 
 adjoining Odd Fellows' Hall, and known as the Academy of Mu- 
 sic, then just erected, Dec. 22. Many useful mechanical contri- 
 vances and interesting mechanical productions were exhibited by 
 Lynn artisans and tradesmen, and by others from abroad. One 
 rather peculiar feature was the introduction of dramatic enter- 
 tainments during the evenings. 
 
 For two or three years, business affairs in Lynn were in a 
 greatly depressed condition ; indeed the same was true of almost 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 874. 65 
 
 every part of the country. There were quite a number of failures 
 among the prominent shoe manufacturers, as well as among the 
 smaller tradesmen and mechanics. Many operatives were out 
 of employment for long intervals, and it was generally believed 
 that some families of honest mechanics and laborers suffered, 
 especially in winter, for what were commonly considered the 
 necessaries of life. Real estate declined very much in value, 
 rents fell, and many tenements were vacant. Yet the cost of 
 most articles of family consumption remained high. The better 
 kinds at least of bread stuffs and butcher's meat, sold at prices 
 nearly as high as those of war time ; and the same may be said 
 of articles of clothing. The whole history of the country shows 
 that such seasons of depression follow seasons of great apparent 
 thrift, or inflation, as perhaps they might in most instances be 
 properly called, as surely as night follows day, mainly attributable, 
 no doubt, to the extravagance induced by the prosperous intervals. 
 Extravagance in dress, among women, was a notable feature of 
 the time, and many a conscientious though possibly timid young; 
 man doubtless avoided a matrimonial connection from sheer 
 apprehension that he would be unable to supply the demands, 
 upon his purse. 
 
 About this time there were a great many vagrant wayfarers,, 
 called Tramps, homeless wanderers, drifting from place to place,, 
 seeking food by day at the hand of charity, and at night lodging, 
 in police stations, poor-houses, or other similar retreats. During, 
 the winter of this year an average of something rising four hun- 
 dred a month were thus entertained in the basement of the Gity 
 Hall — provided with a supper and lodging, and a frugal break- 
 fast to start on in the morning. Lynn enjoyed a good reputation; 
 among the fraternity, as appeared by a memorandum found on 
 one of them, detailing his experience of the hospitalities of differ- 
 ent places, and giving a sort of bill of fare by which they were 
 entertained. The lodgings here were described in the memoran- 
 dum as being warm, and the food better than in most cities-;, 
 facts which in a measure, no doubt, accounted, for the favor of 
 repeated visits from some of them. Occasionally rare, characters 
 appeared among the motley crews. One evening a hatless. orator 
 rose up and entertained the crowd of " brother tramps," as he 
 called them, with an address containing many sensible as well as 
 humorous points, and delivered in a style that showed he had: 
 been trained to a different course of life. An artist of more than, 
 common skill and taste also appeared one stormy night. Several 
 off-hand sketches that he made were very spirited and attracted 
 much attention. But the entertainment of the increasing num- 
 bers of this questionable class began to be intolerably burdensome 
 in many places, and early in 1875 the legislature interposed to 
 abate the nuisance, passing a law enabling cities and towns to 
 
 S 
 
66 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 874. 
 
 require all tramps to perform a reasonable amount of labor in 
 return for food and lodging. This, together with the fact that 
 our city authorities somewhat reduced their rations and assigned 
 them less enjoyable lodging quarters had a tendency gradually 
 to reduce the number who sought relief here, though it was 
 some years before there was any really great decrease, as appears 
 by the following showing for eight years : Number of tramps 
 lodged in Lynn in 1871, 1.392. In 1872, 1.017. In 1873, 2.132. 
 In 1874, 3.294. In 1875, 2.958. In 1876, 2.825. In 1877, 
 2.901. In 1878, 2.500. 
 
 Christmas was very generally observed this year ; indeed for 
 manyyears the observance of the day has been gaining in popular 
 favor, over the strange old puritanical prejudices. In 1856 it 
 was made a legal holiday by legislative enactment- The festival 
 of Easter, too, has come to be celebrated by most of our religious 
 societies in a manner calculated to rejoice the hearts of all good 
 churchmen, the floral decorations of the churches in some in- 
 stances being superb. 
 
 A rather novel kind of recreative exercise was inaugurated 
 during the winter of this year, in the form of spelling matches. 
 Large classes of old and young, male and female, would meet in 
 churches or other convenient places, with spelling masters and 
 umpires and engage in orderly contests, each member, on missing 
 a word ignominiously retiring, and those successfully passing the 
 orthographic ordeal receiving prizes. These healthful memoriter 
 exercises afforded much amusement, and were sometimes quite 
 productive in a pecuniary way, an admission fee being usually 
 required of spectators. 
 
 For many years. Fairs, as they were called, had been frequently 
 held in public halls, church vestry rooms, and other convenient 
 places, at which a great variety of the lighter articles of clothing, 
 musical instruments, and all kinds of fancy articles, together with 
 flowers and refreshments were disposed of for the benefit of some 
 benevolent enterprise, in aid of church funds, or other worthy 
 object. All the ordinary enticements of young lady solicitors, 
 music, and occasionally a merry dince were resorted to. But 
 seriously objectionable features by degrees crept in, till games 
 of chance and lotteries so extensively prevailed that it became 
 necessary to do something to prevent the many serious breaches 
 of the law, and of fair and honest traffic. Most of the principal 
 clergymen of the city during the winter of this year signed an 
 earnest protest which was published in the newspapers, and for 
 a time the more objectionable doings were discontinued ; but by 
 degrees, as generally happens in such cases, similar evil's, under 
 other names, began to appear. 
 
 One thousand and thirty-eight dogs were licensed in Lynn 
 this year. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 187S. 6^ 
 
 1875. 
 
 Dedicatory exercises were held in Trinity (Methodist) Church, 
 Tower Hill, Jan. 13, though the main body of the house remained 
 uncompleted. 
 
 During the latter part of January, Eliza Ann, the nineteenth 
 wife of the Mormon seer, Brigham Young lectured in Lynn on 
 her " Life in Bondage." The peculiarities of the Mormon reli- 
 gion and the practice of polygamy as it existed in the Salt Lake 
 Canaan were dwelt upon. The picture she drew was a sad one, 
 both in its moral and social aspect. But why she should have 
 accepted the nineteenth marital position and then claimed that 
 all the wrong was on the other side did not seem to be satisfacto- 
 rily explained. . 
 
 On Sunday, Feb. 21, the eighty-fourth anniversary of the for- 
 mation of the First Methodist Society of Lynn was ' observed. 
 Appropriate services were held in the old Common street meet- 
 ing-house, that being the first Methodist house of worship in 
 New England. 
 
 A codfish of the extraordinary weight of ninety-six pounds 
 was caught in the offing, March 30. 
 
 The Lynn Hospital was formally opened, March 31. The old 
 Phillips mansion, on Waterhill street, the salubrious situation 
 of which strongly recommended it, had been procured and fitted 
 up in such a manner as to make it convenient for the purpose. 
 A number of prominent citizens attended the opening and some 
 made appropriate remarks. 
 
 The centennial celebration of the battle of Lexington took 
 place on Monday, April 19, on the territory where the battle 
 occurred. Mayor Lewis and several members of the city govern- 
 ment attended, all, however, bearing their own expenses, the city 
 council having refused to make any appropriation. The Lynn 
 Light Infantry, accompanied by a full band, also attended, as well 
 as a multitude of private citizens. President Grant and some 
 other prominent officials from Washington were present. The 
 day was pleasant, excepting the prevalence of a high, chilling 
 wind. Such an immense concourse assembled that all the public 
 conveyances were excessively crowded, and a great many were 
 compelled to go hungry as the supply of provisions was altogether 
 inadequate. 
 
 A demonstration was made in Lynn, May 22, in favor of the 
 Boston Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road, the first narrow-gauge 
 line in this vicinity, which was then in process of construction. 
 A considerable number of men, young and old, volunteered the 
 work of half a day with shovels and picks. A procession was 
 formed under the leadership of Col. John Nichols, one of the 
 oldest men in town, and accompanied by a platoon of police 
 
68 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1875. 
 
 officers and a couple of bands of music, moved through several 
 streets, reaching the scene of their labor about the middle of the 
 afternoon. After performing a small amount of work — the main 
 purpose, no doubt, being rather to show good-will towards the 
 enterprise, than to help much otherwise — they gathered, in 
 number about a hundred and fifty, in a hall in Munroe street, 
 and there partook of an entertainment, after which speeches 
 were made and many good wishes towards the road and congrat- 
 ulations on its fair prospects were expressed. 
 
 The great travelling show, known as the hippodrome of P. T. 
 Barnum, the most noted showman of the age, visited Lynn on 
 Saturday, May 29. It is not probable that any exhibition of the 
 kind ever exceeded this in attractiveness. The multitude of 
 male and female performers and attendants, decked in unique 
 and showy costumes, the numerous trained and wild animals, 
 the historic and classic equipages and appendages, which appeared 
 in the long procession that traversed the principal streets on the 
 pleasant morning of their entrance, called forth throngs of specta- 
 tors, old and young. The magnitude of this aggregation of circus, 
 menagerie, and spectacle could warrant exhibition only in the 
 cities and larger towns. The tents were pitched in the Fairchild 
 field, so called, on Boston street, extending back to the vicinity 
 of Lover's Leap, and the principal one was said to be sufficient 
 to accommodate 12.000 persons. Great numbers attended, not 
 only of our own people, but from other places. A special rail- 
 road train was run from Salem and Marblehead. During the 
 afternoon a balloon was sent up, and after a short, successful 
 trip, came down in Lynnfield. 
 
 Decoration day. May 30, was duly observed. Gen. A. F. Ste- 
 vens, of Nashua, N. H., was the orator. 
 
 On the 17th of June, the great centennial celebration of the 
 battle of Bunker Hill, took place in Boston. The Legislature 
 had made it a legal holiday, the weather proved remarkably 
 favorable, and there was an almost entire suspension of business 
 in Lynn. Extra rail-road trains ran and multitudes visited the 
 city to see the grand military and civic processional display. On 
 the preceding night some famous bonfires were lighted here, the 
 most conspicuous ones on High Rock and Reservoir Hill. The 
 light of the illumination in Boston was distinctly seen in Lynn. 
 This celebration, by the popular voice, both north and south, was 
 pronounced to be more effectual than any other occurrence since 
 the civil war, in reestablishing the old brotherly feeling between 
 the different sections of the Union. 
 
 The corner stone of St. Joseph's (Roman Catholic) church, in 
 Union street, was laid on Sunday, July 4. 
 
 The Boston Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road was formally 
 opened for travel on Thursday, July 22. After: the directors and 
 
ANNALS OF LVNN^l876. 69 
 
 invited cotnpany had passed over the road, a collation was had 
 at Odd Fellows' Hall, at the close of which speeches were made 
 and congratulations interchanged. The regular hourly passenger 
 trains commenced running July 29, on which day 1.075 passen- 
 gers were conveyed. A few interesting Indian relics were found 
 during the excavations. 
 
 The famous sea-serpent was alleged by several credible persons 
 to have been seen by them, during August, not far from Egg 
 Rock. He was described, so far as his form could be discerned, 
 to be of glossy black, with some white on the under parts ; the 
 head resembling that of a lizard, long, flat, and from twenty-four 
 to thirty inches across ; the mouth large and occasionally widely 
 opened ; the eyes large and staring. He sometimes raised up 
 his head six or eight feet and then suddenly submerged it. Some 
 accounts gave the appearance of a flipper or sort of foot, which 
 strongly indicated some such animal as the supposed extinct 
 ichthyosaurus or plesiosaurus. He was also alleged to have been 
 seen again in the waters of Lynn and Swampscott in November. 
 An account likewise appeared in the newspapers of a furious 
 combat between a serpentine monster and a whale, as witnessed 
 by the officers and crew of a vessel on the southern coast. 
 
 A General Convention of Universalists of the United States , 
 commenced a session in Lynn, on Wednesday, Oct. 20, and 
 continued three days. The weather was favorable and the at- 
 tendance large. Delegates were present from all parts of the 
 country, one hundred and fort)' ministers constituting the clerical 
 representation. Much christian courtesy was extended by people 
 of all denominations. Among the, speakers on the closing day 
 of the session was a full-blooded Delaware Indian, an accredited 
 missionary residing in Canada, with settlers of his tribe. 
 
 A blackfish, ten feet in length, and weighing three hundred 
 and fifty pounds was found stranded on Long Beach, Nov. 2,. 
 having probably ventured too far towards the shore during, the 
 night. 
 
 1876. 
 
 This, the Centennial Year of the Republic, will be remembered 
 for the fervor with which it was observed by all classes, and the 
 magnificence of the displays, military, industrial, and indeed of 
 every kind that enlivened patriotism could devise. Yet it was a 
 year during which there, was great business depression through- 
 out the country. Had times been prosperous and means abun- 
 dant it is quite possible Young- America would have overleaped 
 his proprieties. The most important enterprise, perhaps, that 
 marked the year, was the. World's Exposition, at Philadelphia, 
 which continued open six months — from May 10 to November 
 ID. Great crowds attended. " Excursion parties " were formed 
 
70 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 876. 
 
 in all parts of the country, and hastened on to Philadelphia in a 
 pleasant and economical way. The whole great undertaking 
 was eminently successful, all the principal foreign countries 
 heartily joining with splendid contributions. The Lynn exhibit, 
 though not very large, was varied and satisfactory, pertaining 
 almost exclusively to the shoe and leather interest. The speci- 
 mens were much admired by visitors from all parts of the country 
 and from abroad. Some twenty-five manufacturers had their 
 goods displayed in an elegant case, over which was this announce- 
 ment : " Lynn, Mass., greeting : The Shoemanufacturers of Lynn 
 desire to open trade with foreign countries, and are ready at any 
 time to receive orders from Cuba, South America, Mexico, West 
 Indies, or any other market. We make the very finest and the 
 cheapest shoes made in this country. We claim that our facili- 
 ties, wkh our methods, organization and machinery, are not 
 excelled for producing all grades of sewed shoes at the smallest 
 possible cost. We make what is called for." Awards were 
 made by the Exposition judges to several Lynn manufacturers. 
 
 The City Item, a weekly newspaper, was commenced on Sat- 
 urday, January 8, by Horace N. Hastings. 
 
 A cat show, said to have been the first in the country, though 
 not uncommon in Europe, was opened in Exchange Hall, Market 
 street, Feb. 29, and proved to be quite interesting. A number 
 of the feline specimens were really beautiful, some showed re- 
 markable traits of sagacity and cunning, and others wonderful 
 progress in training. The weight of the heaviest was fifteen 
 and a half pounds. Prizes were awarded. 
 
 A grand exhibition of babies took place in Music Hall, Central 
 avenue, March 4, including only those of three years old and 
 under. Much interest was excited, and though arrangements 
 were made for only fifty, the applications were more than a hun- 
 dred. There was a great crowd of spectators, and prizes were 
 awarded for the youngest, the fattest, and the handsomest babies. 
 Among the latter was a sprightly little mulatto. On the 27th 
 of the same month another similar exhibition took place in Odd 
 Fellows' Hall, on Market street, at which seventy-two entries 
 were made. 
 
 A violent storm — the "equinoctial" — which suddenly set in 
 on the evening of March 20, did much damage. Three or four 
 of the fishing jiggers were wrenched from their moorings and 
 driven upon the shore or wrecked upon the rocks, at Swamps- 
 cott. It was called as violent a storm as any within twenty years. 
 
 The beautiful summer residence of Charles W. Galloupe, at 
 Swampscott, called Bay View Cottage, was totally destroyed by 
 fire, April 2. Loss, between ;^ 50.000 and ^60.000. 
 
 A hair seal, weighing ninety-five pounds, was taken off Swamps- 
 cott, in April. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 876. 7I 
 
 " Let US plant a Centennial Tree," was a greeting that this 
 year was heard in all quarters, and . heeded by many. On the 
 afternoon of Saturday, May 13, a party assembled in the little 
 square at the junction of Ash and South streets, for an object 
 so indicated. They procured an elm, some thirty feet in height, 
 and put it in position as the stirring tune of Yankee Doodle was 
 being played. A large number were present, patriotic remarks 
 made and songs sung. Several enthusiastic ladies assisted in 
 shovelling in the earth. It became necessary, however, soon to 
 substitute another, as the original tree began to wither. 
 
 May 30, Decoration Day, was duly observed. Gen. W. W. 
 Blackmar, of Boston delivered the oration. 
 
 From the commencement of the shoe trade in Lynn, a good 
 deal of the manufacturing was done at establishments on either 
 side of the Common, but in June of this year the only remaining 
 factory was removed, the tendency having been, ever since the 
 building of the rail-roads, to concentrate in other quarters. The 
 manufactory of James Purinton and Son, which stood on or very 
 near the .site of the old Academy, was the last to leave, being 
 removed this year. 
 
 Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, passed through Lynn, by the 
 Eastern rail-road, on the evening of June 9. He did not \eave 
 the car, and but few had a glimpse of the royal party, during their 
 short pause at the Central station. 
 
 That much-dreaded insect known as the Colorado beetle, 
 or potato bug, first made its appearance here in the summer. 
 It soon came to be a most destructive pest, descending or ascend- 
 ing in countless numbers and in a few hours making such havoc 
 with whole potato fields, as to render it necessary to replant. 
 
 Probably not since the adoption of the constitution was the 
 anniversary of the Declaration of Independence so generally 
 celebrated throughout the country, as on this, the centennial 
 year. In Lynn, however, there was no celebration under the 
 auspices of the municipal authorities. Discordant views among 
 the members of the council, and disagreements as to the suitable 
 sum to be appropriated to meet the expenses, were the direct 
 cause of the failure. But the patriotism of the people could not 
 be suppressed, and the. day was observed in various becoming 
 ways. Before the morning dawn, bonfires blazed on several 
 of the most commanding heights. There was a grand one on 
 High Rock; but the most noticeable was on Reservoir Hill. 
 The old two-story wooden house, on Boston street, at the south- 
 west corner of North Federal, known as the Hart house, a part 
 of which constituted the dwelling of Richard Haven, one of the 
 very early settlers, and head of the great Haven family now 
 spread all over the country, was, by the willing hands of Young 
 America, and consent of the owner, torn down, a day or two 
 
72 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 876. 
 
 before, and the combustible part of the material transported to 
 the hill just named, and there reared in a pyramid some forty- 
 feet in height. As soon as the midnight hour had struck, the 
 pile was lighted, and amid the shouts and cheers and songs of 
 the sleepless young spirits who kept vigil around the centennial 
 sacrifice, it disappeared in a glorious blaze. Morning dawned ; 
 and soon after daylight, there was a parade of the Antiques and 
 Horribles, as such have come to be called ; in other words, a 
 caricature display. The procession marched through the princi- 
 pal streets and afforded much amusement to the early risers by 
 the grotesque decorations and costumes, sarcastic hits, and ludi- 
 crous turn-outs ; some members of the city government who 
 were not in favor of an appropriation for celebrating the day, 
 being remembered' in a manner that created considerable mirth. 
 A successful semi-religious celebration was held in the First 
 Methodist meeting-house, in the forenoon, under the general 
 direction of Rev. Charles D. Hills, minister of the society wor- 
 shiping there. The principal feature of the exercises consisted 
 of brief addresses on the following topics and by the following 
 named persons : The Day We Celebrate, by ex-Mayor Thomas 
 P. Richardson ; The United States of America, by John B. 
 Alley, ex-member of Congress ; Christianity and Our Country, 
 by Rev. Daniel Steele ; The American Public Schools, by Na- 
 thaniel Hills, Principal of the High School ; The American Ju- 
 diciary, by Thomas B. Newhall, ex-Judge of the Police Court ; 
 Massachusetts, by George H. Chase, ex-Postmaster ; The Cen- 
 tennial History of Lynn, by James R. Newhall, Judge of the 
 Police Court ; Our Army and Navy, by Capt. George T. Newhall. 
 And Mrs. Abbie L. Harris was appointed to read the Declaration 
 of Independence. At evening, there were many fine displays of 
 fireworks, at private residences. The " Centennial Memorial," 
 published soon after, by order of the City Council, contained an 
 Historical Sketch, by James R. Newhall, and brief Biographical 
 Notices of all the Mayors, with Portraits and other Illustrations. 
 It formed a volume of 204 octavo pages, and was issued in a 
 style perhaps as creditable to our printers and binders as any 
 book from the Lynn press up to that time. The volume was 
 prepared in compliance with a recommendation of Congress. 
 
 A serious fire occurred on the southwest side of Market street 
 July 26. The principal losses were — by R. A. Spalding & Co.) 
 dealers in dry goods, some $$ 000 ; Mrs. Lancey, millinery and 
 fancy goods, ;^2.ooo ; W. T Bowers, photographer, ;g2.ooo. 
 
 July and August of this year were uncommonly hot. Visitors 
 at the World's Exposition, in Philadelphia," suffered much ; espe- 
 cially those from northern countries. 
 
 Died, December 17, at his residence in Park street, Jacob 
 Batchelder, for many years a well-known and much-respected 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — iS//. 73 
 
 resident. He was born in Topsfield, July lO, 1806, graduated at 
 Dartmouth college in 1830, and came to Lynn in 1835, com- 
 mencing his labors here as principal of the Academy. In that 
 position he continued till the establishment of the High School, 
 in 1849, of which he became the first principal, and remained 
 till 1856, in which year he went to Salem to take charge of the 
 High School of that city. In 1861 he returned to Lynn, and 
 took his former position in our High School, remaining, how- 
 ever, but about a year, and then closed his labors as a teacher, 
 after pursuing the vocation for a little over a quarter of a century. 
 In 1862 he was appointed librarian of the Lynn Free Public 
 Library, and that ofifice he continued acceptably to fill till the 
 time of his death. He was Town Clerk in 1 847, and collector 
 of internal revenue several years. His remains were buried from 
 the Unitarian church, on South Common street, where he had 
 worshipped many years, and the funeral service was attended by 
 a large number of the most venerable citizens. The lives of his 
 two sons, Charles -J. and George W., were lost in the war of the 
 Rebellion, as noted under date 1 862. Mr. Batchelder was a man 
 of clear understanding, genial manners, and great industry, and 
 should be long remembered as one who really did much for the 
 advancement of the community in which he dwelt. 
 
 A splendid meteor passed over the city about six o'clock on 
 the evening of December 20. 
 
 The fine brick fire engine house, in Federal street, was built 
 this year. 
 
 1877. 
 
 The Lynn Home for Aged Women was dedicated February 15. 
 It was the eligible building on North Common street, erected in 
 1832 for Nahant Bank, and had been fitted in a very comfortable 
 manner for the reception of those who were to make it the. home 
 of their declining years. 
 
 The new and picturesque Town House in Saugus, centre 
 village, was dedicated March i. Wendell Phillips was chief 
 orator, and all the exercises were appropriate and interesting. 
 The corner stone was laid Oct. 17, 1874, ex-Governor Banks 
 delivering an address on the. occasion. 
 
 Died, March 13, at his residence on Western avenue, Charles 
 Merritt, aged 72 years. He was born in Bowdoinham, Me., and 
 was a son of Rev. Timothy Merritt, one of the early ministers 
 of the Methodist itineracy. Almost the whole of his long life 
 was spent in Lynn. He was a Deputy Sheriff for the county, about 
 •forty years, and performed the perplexing and often disagreeable 
 duties of his office in a highly satisfactory manner. Before the 
 adoption of the city form of goverjiment he held several of the 
 ■most- important muaicipal. crffices, including that . of. chairman 
 
74 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 877. 
 
 of the Selectmen ; and after Lynn became a city, was called to 
 continue in the public service — was an Alderman in the second 
 year's board, and City Clerk five years. He was also a Repre- 
 sentative in the General Court, and United States Revenue As- 
 sessor. For many years he was an honored member of the 
 South street Methodist church, and always maintained an un- 
 blemished character. His wife was a daughter of William Breed, 
 a father in the Quaker faith, and they reared a respectable family, 
 eight sons and three daughters having been born to them. Few 
 men, after so long and active a life go to their final rest more 
 worthy of grateful remembrance. 
 
 The velocity of the wind in and about Lynn, during a storm, 
 March 9, was seventy-two miles an hour. 
 
 The annual session of the New England Conference of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, commenced in Lynn, in the old 
 historic Common street Methodist meeting-house, April 4, and 
 continued one week. Bishop Foster presiding. The .first session 
 of the Conference here was held in 1795, in an unfinished chapel 
 which occupied the same site. 
 
 Sweetser's "brick block, a substantial four-story building, at the 
 junction of Central avenue and Oxford street, was burned on 
 the morning of April 7. It was well fitted with machinery and 
 other appliances for the prosecution of the shoe business, on a 
 large scale, and there was considerable stock in the different 
 lofts. The loss, includirig that of an adjacent three-story wooden 
 building, amounted to some $115,000. 
 
 The last building on Market street occupied exclusivel}' as a 
 dwelling was removed in the spring of this year. It stood on 
 the southwest side, between Treraont and Summer streets, and 
 was first owned and occupied by Dr. Coffin. 
 
 Some excitement prevailed in the spring of this year regarding 
 mad dogs, and continued many months. Two or three fatal 
 cases of hydrophobia occurred. The city authorities ordered 
 that no dogs should be permitted to go at large unmuzzled, and 
 many canine lives were sacrificed. Samuel A. Parker, of Saugus, 
 a worthy man, of middle age, died of hydrophobia, April 17, 
 having been bitten by a rabid dog, January 15. 
 
 A marked religious revival took place in the various evangelical 
 societies of Lynn, in the spring of this year, and many were 
 added to the churches. At St. Joseph's (R. C.) meetings in 
 charge of four Jesuit fathers, fi;om Chicago, were held, com- 
 mencing May 20, which excited much attention and were at- 
 tended by crowds. 
 
 Captain Johnson, the intrepid fisherman who did his part in 
 celebrating the centennial year by crossing the Atlantic in his 
 little fishing dory " Centennial," exhibited his memorable craft 
 in Munroe street, in April. He is said to have declared that a 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 877. 75 
 
 million of dollars would not tempt him to again undertake such, a 
 fool-hardy feat. 
 
 Died, in Oakland, Cal., May 2, John B. Felton, a native of Sau- 
 gus, aged 48. While a young man he was a tutor in Harvard 
 college, but settled in California and became a conspicuous lawyer. 
 He was twice a Republican Presidential Elector, was Mayor of 
 Oakland and a prominent candidate for the office of U. S. 
 senator. 
 
 On the evening of May 28 there was an unusually brilliant 
 display of aurora borealis. Many honest and observing persons 
 declared that they could distinctly hear a rustling of the corusca- 
 tions. Imagination, however, probably had something to do with 
 the auricular demonstration. " It has often been asserted," says 
 Mr. Payer, the late Austrian arctic explorer, " that sound accom- 
 panying the aurora has been heard in the Shetland Isles and in 
 Siberia ; but all scientific travellers protest against this." 
 
 Memorial Day, May 30, was pleasant, and the usual services 
 took place. Rev. Mr. Biddle, of the First Universalist society, 
 was the orator. 
 
 An. unsuccessful attempt was made in the Legislature of this 
 year, by some of the business men of the east village of Saugus, 
 to have their portion of the town united to Lynn. 
 
 During this year, the old belief that light, passing through 
 blue glass, has wonderful power in developing life, both animal 
 and vegetable, and in curing diseases of almost every kind, was 
 revived, and extensively prevailed. Many dwellings had a few 
 blue panes set in the windows, and greenhouses were liberally 
 supplied with the supposed life-giving appliances. The idea was 
 started, at this time, by General Pleasanton, of Philadelphia, and 
 seems to have been, that the electro-magnetism produced by the 
 sun's rays passing through that medium, receives some mysterious 
 and extraordinary power. While the excitement continued, the 
 glaziers in Lynn, as elsewhere, had an abundance of orders. 
 Ladies wore blue veils, and cerulean tints were decidedly in the 
 ascendant. 
 
 On the evening of July i, a severe thunder storm passed over 
 the city. Between nine and ten o'clock a terrific peal startled 
 the dwellers in the western section and a bolt struck the dwelling 
 of J. M. Tarbox, at the junction of Myrtle and Walnut streets. 
 Its instantaneous work was strange and destructive, the inte- 
 rior walls being torn and pierced, and the furniture broken and 
 thrown about in the most extraordinary manner. No person, 
 however, was injured further than suffering a temporary shock, 
 air the inmates being in bed. And herein appears additional evi- 
 dence that the recumbent position, especially if a little elevated, 
 is the safest, on such occasions. From the peculiar appearance 
 of what looked like real " witch-work " about the house, it seemed 
 
76 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 878,- 
 
 not unreasonable to conclude that the bolt had an upward course. 
 The house of Mr. Tarbox is within a stone's throw of the rock 
 which was struck in 1807, a portion weighing some twelve tons 
 being thrown two hundred feet. 
 
 The first boy church choir in Lynn, was organized this year, 
 in St. Stephen's, and commenced taking their part in the public 
 services, in the summer. Boy choirs, though comparatively new 
 in this country, are an ancient church institution. In the history 
 of St. Margaret's of King's Lynn,' England, mention is made 
 of the choir boys as early as 1478, a bequest or two having been 
 made for their teaching and maintenance. 
 
 The British Consular Agency at Lynn, was this year discon- 
 tinued, the insignificance of British trade here not warranting its 
 continuance. 
 
 A rattlesnake, fourteen years old, as the number of rattles 
 showed, was killed in Lynn woods, July 5. And on Aug. 4, a 
 huge one swam across Lily pond, Boston street, and as he glided 
 into the yard of John M. Newhall, was killed by a son of Mr. N., 
 a lad of 14 years. This reptile was between four and five feet in 
 length, and some two years older than his courageous destroyer. 
 
 For some ten days, in September, at night, the waves dashing 
 along our shores, exhibited an extraordinary phosphorescent glow. 
 The spectacle was grand, strong easterly winds bringing in heavy 
 seas. 
 
 On the fifth of October, at about one o'clock in the afternoon, 
 Alderman Aza A. Breed, of Lynn, was attacked by two ruffians, 
 in Belcher lane, Boston, knocked down, and robbed of the large 
 sum of ;^8.ooo. A light carriage with a man in it stood near the 
 scene of the assault, and the robbers, after securing their booty, 
 jumped in, and the three rode off. Mr. Breed gave chase, and 
 was fired on from the carriage, three times, one of the, pistol shots 
 taking effect in his hand. The robbers escaped. The money 
 belonged to the Central National Bank, and was in Mr. Breed's 
 care, for delivery in Boston. A question as to whether Mr. Breed 
 or the bank should bear the loss arose ; but a settlement was 
 made, the bank agreeing to sustain the principal share. 
 
 18 7 8. 
 
 At the beginning of this year rather serious labor troubles 
 existed in several of the large manufactories; Disagreements 
 between workmen and their employers^ in the matter of -wages, 
 were the cause of the difficulties, but mutual concession and 
 temperate negotiation finally resulted in satisfactory adjustments. 
 
 The new bell on the First Congregational meeting-house, 
 on South Common street, corner of Vine, was raised to its place, 
 March 28. It may be interesting to mention that the bell which 
 was raised on the Old Tunnel, in 1816, and the one wJiich at 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 878. ^^ 
 
 the same time was raised on the Common street Methodist 
 house, were cast at the old Paul Revere foundry, and that the 
 present one was turned out by Revere's successors in that 
 historic establishment. When the Old Tunnel was removed 
 from the centre of the Common, in 1827, and wrought into the 
 house now on the corner of Commercial street, the bell went with 
 it, and remained in the modest belfry till it was taken down, this 
 year, and recast, the city paying for the recasting, in considera- 
 tion of its having for more than sixty years faithfully marked the 
 hours of twelve at noon and nine at night, as well as having rung 
 out its fire alarms and jubilant peals, besides attending to its 
 other duties of calling together worshipping congregations and 
 announcing the bearing away of the dead for burial. Its Meth- 
 odist coadjutor still survives and sends forth its sonorous calls 
 from the steeple of the new brick edifice in Park square. 
 
 A singular custom has for many years prevailed in Lynn, the 
 origin of which it is hard to determine, namely the blowing of tin 
 horns, by the youth, on May-day. From dawn till night, in all 
 directions, these discordant instruments may be heard ; but 
 especially are morning slumbers disturbed. 
 
 The services on Memorial Day, May 30, were interesting, 
 though the inclemency of the weather somewhat disarranged the 
 proceedings. Rev. C. D. Hills, of the Common street Methodist 
 society delivered the address. 
 
 On the 1 2th of June, twelve gentlemen, mostly quite aged, 
 and all lovers of old-time customs, set out from Newburyport to 
 enjoy a ride to Boston in the old-fashion four horse stage coach 
 of their boyhood. The driver was a veteran of the road, and 
 eighty-one years of age. The start was propitious and the ride 
 enjoyable, till they reached Lynn, when, near the junction of 
 Western avenue and Washington street, an axle broke and the 
 stage was overturned. Two or three of the passengers were 
 seriously injured, and the aged driver received a severe shock to 
 his system besides painful bruises. 
 
 On the fourth of July there was a successful balloon ascension 
 from Park square, Alderman Aza A. Breed, City Marshal Charles 
 C. Fry and Frederick Smith, a Boston newspaper reporter, 
 accompanying the aeronaut. A landing was made at Hamilton, 
 in this county. There was to have been a display of fireworks on 
 the evening of the day in question, but a singular accident pre- 
 vented. They had been loaded at the laboratory, preparatory to 
 transportation hither, but by means of fire or friction, they went 
 off in one general explosion. Others, however, were prepared, 
 and on the evening of the i8th a successful exhibition took 
 place. 
 
 Dennis Kearney, a radical agitator and "sand-lot orator," so 
 called, from California, addressed a large collection of people, on 
 
78 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 879. 
 
 the Common, on the evening of August 12. He was coarse and 
 intemperate in his language, and fitted to make little impression 
 on intelligent minds. He was escorted from Sagamore hotel, on 
 Union street, by a large procession of working men, and a band 
 of music. 
 
 Thursday, August 10, was a bright day, and a memorable one 
 for the people of the east village of Saugus, it being that on which 
 the public water was introduced from the reservoir of Lynn. A 
 public celebration was held, with music, speeches, processional 
 displays, illuminations and fireworks. Among the most inter- 
 esting features were the performances of a detachment of the 
 Lynn Fire Department, with their steam engine, bose, and lad- 
 ders — demonstrating to the good people the value of their new 
 acquisition. 
 
 The Lynn Light Infantry had a ' veteran parade " and banquet 
 on the nth of October, which had probably never been exceeded 
 in interest since the organization of the old company, in 18 12, 
 and elicited much commendation as a genuine and hearty civil- 
 military demonstration. The procession included a number of 
 prominent citizens and military persons from abroad. The 
 march was long, and so interrupted at different points by the 
 acceptance of invitations to pause and partake of refreshments 
 that it was after dark when Exchange hall, in which the banquet 
 was prepared, was reached. After the gastronomic duties had 
 been attended to, music, toasts, and speeches were in order, the 
 latter abounding in cheery hits and entertaining reminiscences. 
 
 The brick fire engine house in Broad street was built this 
 year. And the iron railing was placed around the Park. 
 
 It may be mentioned as a singular fact among the curiosities 
 of temperature, that at midnight, Dec. 2, the thermometer ran 
 higher in Lynn and vicinity than in any other part of the whole 
 country — six degrees higher than in New Orleans, La., seven 
 higher than in Savannah, Geo. and St. Louis, Mo., nine higher 
 than in Charleston, S. C, and ten higher than in Jacksonville, 
 Florida. 
 
 On the 1 7th of December, for the first time in sixteen years, 
 gold stood at par ; that is, $100 in gold were worth just ;^ioo in 
 greenback government notes. The extreme of variation was in 
 July, 1864, when ;^ioo in gold were worth ^285 in bank bills. 
 The difference in the relative values then began to decrease. In 
 1870 it averaged 114.9, in 1877, 104.7. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Some 30.000 tons of ice, of remarkably good quality, were cut 
 on Flax pond during the cold season of 1878 and '79. 
 
 On the afternoon of February 27, an old trunk was discovered 
 on the margin of Saugus river, near Fox Hill bridge, containing 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 879. 79 
 
 the mutilated remains of a young woman. The nose had been 
 severed, among other evident attempts to prevent identification. 
 A great deal of excitement soon prevailed, and the newspapers, 
 far and near, teemed with sensational articles. Hundreds came, 
 many from distant places, to view the remains, some hoping to 
 identify them, but the greater number probably from morbid 
 curiosity. Untiring efforts were made by the police and others 
 to solve the tragic mystery, and it was finally determined that 
 the remains were those of a young woman of the name of Jennie 
 P. Clarke, whose death was occasioned by the mal-practice of 
 parties in Boston. Miss Clarke was a native of Milton, Mass., 
 but at the time of her death was a resident of Boston Highlands, 
 and would have been twenty years of age the very day on which 
 her lifeless body was found. The illegal practice which resulted 
 in her death took place in Lagrange street, Boston, and the 
 offenders were tried in the superior court of Suffolk county. 
 Caroline C. Goodrich was convicted as principal, and received 
 a sentence of ten years in the house of correction, and Dr. Daniel 
 F. Kimball, as accessory after the fact, was sentenced to six 
 years in the state prison. The body was buried from the First 
 Universalist meeting-house, in Nahant street. 
 
 The brick house of worship of the Common street Methodist 
 society, on Park square, was dedicated on Thursday, February 
 27, Bishop Foster preaching the sermon. 
 
 Died, at his residence on Boston street, March 29, Henry 
 Moore, aged 52, a native of Brighton. He was a graduate of 
 Amherst college, and principal of the Cobbet grammar school, 
 some twenty-four years ; was a faithful and highly esteemed 
 teacher as well as citizen. 
 
 Memorial Day, May 30, was observed in the usual manner, 
 the address being delivered by Comrade W. G. Veazie, of Rut- 
 land, Vt. 
 
 The most notable occurrence this year was the celebration 
 of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement 
 of Lynn — [1629-1879] — which took place on the 17th of June. 
 The day was very pleasant and the temperature agreeable. There 
 was a grand procession, an oration by Cyrus M. Tracy, and other 
 appropriate exercises at Music Hall, and a banquet at Odd Fel- 
 lows' Hall, followed by toasts, addresses, and music. Several 
 friendly and highly interesting communications from prominent 
 officials and others of King's Lynn, England, were read by 
 George H. Chase. Attractive performances and out-door sports, 
 of various kinds, designed to suit different tastes, were held 
 in several localities, and in the evening a grand display of fire- 
 works took place on the Common. A neat volume of 224 octavo 
 pages, was printed by order of the City Council, containing a 
 full account of the proceedings, with an Introduction and a Second 
 
80 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 879. 
 
 Part, by James R. Newhall, embracing, historical, topographical, 
 statistical and other matter relating to Lynn. It not being 
 certain on what particular day of June the settlement com- 
 menced — nor indeed certain beyond a doubt that it was in 
 June — after some discussion the City Council fixed on the his- 
 toric 1 7th, as the proper day for the observance, and in April 
 appointed a committee to have general supervision of the pro- 
 ceedings. This committee consisted of Mayor George P. San- 
 derson, Aldermen N. D. C. Breed, and Nathan A. Ramsdell, and 
 Common Councilmen, President Charles E. Kimball, Charles E. 
 Harwood, Josiah F. Kimball, and Alfred P. Flint. This com- 
 mittee decided to invite the cooperation of the citizens ; and the 
 Mayor, on the 30th of April, issued an invitation to the citizens 
 generally to assemble- in their several ward rooms, on the Sth 
 of May, to select five persons from each ward, to act with them. 
 The ward meetings were accordingly held, and the . following 
 individuals selected : Ward i. John L. Shorey, William Lummus, 
 Breed Bacheller, John R. Jordan, George W. Vincent. Ward 2. 
 Oliver Ramsdell, William H. Rood, Sylvester H. Mansfield, John 
 Marlor, C. H. Ramsdell. Ward 3. Amos F. Breed, J. Frank 
 Lamphier, Ebenezer Beckford, Jacob M. Lewis, William B. Phil- 
 lips. Ward 4. George T. Newhall, A. B, Martin, James N. 
 Richardson, W. A. Clark, jr., L. A. May. Ward 5. T. P. Rich- 
 ardson, Otis L. Baldwin, S. M. Bubier, N. M. Hawkes, George 
 C. Neal. Ward 6. Gardiner Tufts, James W. Switzer, Wallace 
 Bates, Frank J. Douglass, William Snell. Ward 7. William 
 Shepard, Richard C. Lawrie, William F. Brackett, jr., Alonzo 
 Penney, John Dougherty. The City Council appropriated ;?3.ooo 
 to defray the expenses of the celebration, and liberal individual 
 contributions aided in various ways. Of the city appropriation, 
 ^750 were devoted to the juvenile part of the procession, ^^525 
 to music, ^350 to fireworks, ;^IS0 to the rowing regatta, jgioo to 
 the antiques and horribles, ^50 to dory and tub race, ;^io to 
 bicycle race. The balance was absorbed by carriage hire, the 
 banquet, and various incidental expenses. 
 
 Rollin E. Harmon succeeded in office James R. Newhall, 
 whose resignation as Judge of the Lynn Police Court took effect 
 Aug. 24. The business of the court had a steady increase, as 
 population increased, from the time of its establishment, in 1849. 
 The earlier records having been destroyed, at the burning of the 
 old Town House, Oct. 6, 1864, no exact statement can be made 
 as to the business during the earlier years. But in the thirteen 
 years during which the now retiring justice presided, namely, 
 1866 to 1879, the number of cases disposed of was twenty thou- 
 sand, one hundred and twelve — criminal, 12.971, civil, 7. 141 — 
 exclusive of a large number coming under the juvenile jurisdiction 
 and poor debtor laws. The entire term of the retiring justice, in 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 879. 8 1 
 
 the court, was thirty years — seventeen as special and thirteen 
 as standing justice. 
 
 John A. Jackson, the designer of the Soldiers' Monument, in 
 Park square, died in Florence, Italy, in August, aged 54 years. 
 He was a native of Bath, Me. 
 
 On Tuesday and Wednesday, Sept. 30 and Oct. i, the annual 
 exhibition of the Essex Agricultural Society was held in Lynn, 
 for the first time since 1848. It was the society's sixty-first 
 yearly exhibition. Hon. George B. Loring, of Salem, delivered 
 the address, in the Central church, and dinner was served in Odd 
 Fellows' Hall. The weather was pleasant but very warm, and 
 there was a large attendance. The receipts were found to be 
 ^1.937.50, and the net profits ;^6S9.37. 
 
 St. Joseph's (Catholic) Cemetery, was consecrated, Oct. 16, 
 Archbishop Williams conducting the ceremonies. 
 
 The newly- invented telephone came into use in Lynn, this 
 year, especially for business purposes. 
 
 Sherry's building, in Munroe street, was built this year, and 
 was the first full six-story brick building erected here. 
 
 Anthony Hatch, aged 67, a farmer of Cliftondale, Saugus, died 
 Nov. 19, from injuries received from an infuriated bull which he 
 was driving to pasture, on the Sunday previous. 
 
 Benjamin F. Mudge, died on Friday evening, Nov. 21, at his 
 residence in Manhattan, Kansas, aged 62. He was born in Or- 
 rington. Me., but at an early age came to Lynn ; was our second 
 Mayor, having been inaugurated June 16, 1852. He had made 
 a brief visit here within a few months of the time of his death,, 
 receiving the cordial greetings of many old friends ; and while: 
 here delivered one or two very acceptable lectures on scientific 
 subjects. A biographical sketch appears in our " Centennial 
 Memorial," of 1876. 
 
 The extraordinary occurrence of a clear sky, all over the 
 United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, happened Nov. 
 24, as reported by the U. S. Signal Corps. 
 
 A flock of wild geese, estimated to be half a mile in lengthy 
 and flying very low, passed over Dungeon rock, Dec. 2. 
 
 The length of pipes for the conveyance of the public water, in 
 Lynn, was this year fifty-three miles, and the average daily con- 
 sumption of the water was 1.268.000 gallons. 
 
 The number of streets in Lynn, this year, was 480, measuring, 
 in the aggregate, some 125 miles. The increase in the number, 
 in ten years, was 125 ; in twenty years, 208. 
 
 This year, after a long season — some seven years — of busi- 
 ness depression, affairs began to assume a much more cheering 
 aspect. Business of all kinds, in all parts of the country, began 
 to revive, and every thing to look promising. Lynn had her full 
 share of depression, and was among the first to feel the rising 
 
 6 
 
82 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 879. 
 
 tide of prosperity. Under date 1874 appear some remarks con- 
 cerning the then state of things. 
 
 From the following statements an idea may be had of the 
 provision for the poor. During the year, 523 families received 
 assistance from 'the public treasury, the number of individuals 
 being 1.992. The average number of paupers in the almshouse 
 was 5 2, and the cost of each, per week, for food and clothing, 
 was $1.35. The number of tramps furnished with food and 
 lodging, was I.7S7, the average cost of each being 14 cents. 
 Some account of the latter class may be found under date 1874. 
 
 The number of volumes in the Free Public Library, at the 
 close of this year, was 27.804. The average daily delivery during 
 the year was 461 volumes. 
 
 The appropriation for the free education of the youth of Lynn, 
 for 1879, was $83,000, which, with certain receipts, brought the 
 whole amount devoted to school purposes up to the generous 
 sum of $86,816.88. The number of schools was as follows: i 
 high school, 7 grammar and 55 primary schools, and i evening 
 drawing school. Whole number of pupils in all the day schools, 
 on the first of May, 5.413. Average daily attendance of pupils 
 in all the day schools, 4.667. The expenditure for school pur- 
 poses, for each inhabitant of the city between the ages of five 
 and fifteen years, was $15.66. 
 
 As noted under date 1864, the first steam fire-engine procured 
 for the city, arrived that year. And now, 1879, we have four 
 of those efficient machines, and the fire department is, in other 
 respects, well equipped. It has more than twelve thousand feet 
 of hose, and there are distributed about the city, some four hun- 
 dred hydrants, twenty capacious reservoirs, and a number of 
 public wells. The department is also provided with one large 
 four-wheel double tank chemical fire-extinguisher and seven hand 
 extinguishers. In former years Lynn has been, emphatically, 
 what is termed a wooden town, almost every building being 
 of wood ; and had it not been for the fact that there was no really 
 compact part, serious conflagrations would probably have occurred. 
 Lately, numerous capacious brick structures have been erected, 
 and as land increased in value, some of the business streets have 
 become as compact as those of any city. It can hardly be ex- 
 pected that in the future we shall be as free from disasters by 
 fire as we have been in the past ; yet, with the improved facilities 
 for grappling with the flames, and the improved modes in the 
 construction, heating, and lighting of buildings, there is rea- 
 sonable ground for hoping that our good fortune may continue. 
 The telegraphic fire-alarm, which was established in 1871, has 
 proved extremely beneficial, saving an immense amount of con- 
 fusion and delay on the occurrence of a fire. 
 
 Speaking of the later style of building, and the more compact 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 8/9. 83 
 
 character of some of our streets, leads to the remark that the 
 great change in the mode of manufacturing shoes has been the 
 principal cause of this, at least so far as relates to buildings 
 erected for business purposes. It is quite within the recollection 
 of our middle-aged people — as the writer had occasion to remark 
 in the little book giving an account of the proceedings on our two 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary — that shoes were made by hand, 
 not by machinery. The shoes were cut in the manufacturer's shop, 
 which was generally a small wooden structure, and thence taken 
 by the workman to his own premises, made up, and returned. 
 A great many, however, were carried by express-drivers to coun- 
 try towns, to Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont, and there 
 made up, by workmen whose regular occupation was, perhaps, 
 farming, but who resorted to the shoemaker's seat in winter 
 and other unoccupied times. The work of some of these un- 
 ■ skilled operators was very poor and occasioned much complaint 
 and annoyance ; but still a great deal of work went out of town, 
 and a great deal of m'oney went to pay for it. But the intro- 
 duction of machinery wrought a great change. Large factories, 
 often of brick, began to supplant the small cutting shops, and 
 the little work shops of the journeymen began to disappear. 
 The new factories were built in a thorough and substantial 
 manner, as the ponderous machinery required ; some were tastily 
 ornamented, and remain really fine specimens of architecture. 
 To the factory it was now necessary that the workman should 
 go to perform his labor. The work of making a shoe was divided 
 among several, each having his particular part to do ; and the 
 labor of all became so interlinked, that each depended much on 
 the skill and promptness of the others for his own success. 
 Rules were necessarily established for the guidance of all ; reg- 
 ular hours of labor, especially, being required ; and efforts were 
 made to place the whole business on a permanent basis. And 
 so the business continues, every day developing fresh energies 
 and evidences of thrift. New factories are constantly rising, and 
 though there is some abridgment of the old-time freedom of the 
 workman as he whistled over his work in his rude little shop, 
 he yet gains by the comfort, order, and sometimes forced indus- 
 try of the factory. 
 
 The number of deaths in Lynn, during the year, was 680, 
 which, taking the increase of population into view, was about 
 the usual rate of past years. The most fatal disease was con- 
 sumption, by which 1 20 died. The next most fatal was diphthe- 
 ria, by which 65 died. Consumption was the most fatal among 
 adults, diphtheria among children. In 1876 there were 121 
 deaths by diphtheria. 
 
 The number of marriages during the year was 429. And the 
 number of births, 717. 
 
84 ANNALS OF LYNN I88O. 
 
 With the year 1879 •* was at first thought advisable to close 
 our Annals, the first two hundred and fifty years of our municipal 
 existence being then completed. Yet it seemed as if that reason 
 was hardly sufficient to refuse space for the occurrences of one 
 or two additional years that would elapse before the volume could 
 be presented to the public. It was therefore concluded to pro- 
 ceed till a time nearer that of publication. 
 
 1880. 
 
 A generous sum was contributed in Lynn, early this year, for 
 the suffering poor in Ireland, our Irish residents being especially 
 liberal. 
 
 The winter of 1879 and '80 was uncommonly mild, so far as 
 temperature was concerned. Far less ice than usual was cut on 
 the ponds, and in consequence, the price during the succeeding 
 summer was much higher than during any late preceding year. 
 Yet the number of snow storms was above the average, there 
 being thirty-four in number, and the aggregate depth of snow 
 five feet and three and a half inches. 
 
 Edwin Marble, who succeeded his father Hiram Marble in 
 the strange search for treasure in Dungeon Rock, as spoken 
 of under date 1658, died January 16, aged 48 years, leaving a 
 widow but no children. He had been out of health many months, 
 occasioned, no doubt, by his persistent labors in the dark, damp 
 cavern, though the immediate cause of his death was paralysis. 
 He was a man of good character and agreeable disposition, a 
 firm believer in spiritual manifestations, and a patient laborer 
 under supposed supernatural direction. He was buried near the 
 foot of the rock, on the southwestern slope, it having been his 
 expressed desire to be interred near the scene of his hopeful 
 though fruitless labors. A considerable number of friends, per- 
 haps fifty, most of them of the spiritualistic faith, were present 
 at the burial service, which was simple and affecting ; and held 
 there, deep in the forest, amid the winter scenery, was peculiarly 
 touching. At the close, the hymn " In the Sweet By and By," 
 was sung. 
 
 May 29 was observed as Memorial Day, the 30th falling on 
 Sunday. The address was delivered by Col. T. W. Higginson. 
 
 On the evening of Wednesday, June 2, " Summit Villa," the 
 fine mansion on the Galloupe estate, in Swampscott, was entirely 
 destroyed by fire, with most of its contents, the loss, in the 
 aggregate reaching about ;^ 15.000. It was rented to Commodore 
 Hutchins, of New York, for 1^3.000 for the summer. 
 
 James McMahon, aged 50 years, a resident of Blossom street, 
 was alleged to have been bitten on the arm, by a black spider, 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN I88O. 85 
 
 June 29. Deeming it a trivial matter, he made no application, 
 till, on the second day, it became swollen and excessively painful. 
 Medical aid was sought, but the progress of the poison could not 
 be arrested, and three days after receiving the bite he died. It 
 should be remarked that this is given as reported at the time ; 
 but good authorities declare that no spider bite can cause death 
 or even much pain. In the physician's return the cause of Mr. 
 McMahon's death is stated to have been malignant erysipelas. 
 
 By the summer arrangement of the Eastern rail-road, this 
 year, there were one hundred and twenty-four regular passenger 
 and freight trains entering and leaving Lynn, each week day. 
 Besides these, there were thirty-eight out and in trains on the 
 Boston, Revere Beach and L^^nn steam rail-road, and the hourly 
 cars of the Lynn and Boston horse rail-road. 
 
 Ex-Mayor Hiram N. Breed and his wife Nancy Stone Breed, 
 on the 3d of July, the 4th falling on Sunday, celebrated the 
 " golden " anniversary of their marriage, they having been united 
 on the 4th of July, 1830. There was a large and cheery gather- 
 ing of descendants and other relatives and friends, a number of 
 city officials, and six ex -mayors. 
 
 Independence was celebrated on Monday, July 5, in a moderate 
 way. Explosives, as usual, made their demonstrations, early and 
 late, bells were rung, and out-door sports engaged in. In the 
 evening there was a successful display of fireworks, to witness 
 which it was estimated full 10.000 persons assembled. 
 
 Adam Hawkes was among the first settlers of Lynn, as we 
 find him here as early as 1630, located in what is still known as 
 the Hawkes neighborhood. He had five sons, and many descend- 
 ants remain, scattered all over the country, and adorning various 
 professions and callings. Several are yet found in the vicinity 
 of the early family home, and among them Louis P. Hawkes who 
 occupies a part of the original farm, in what is now known as 
 North Saugus. And there, on the 28th and 29th of July, of this 
 year, gathered from various quarters, distant and near, an inter- 
 esting company of representatives of the family, to the number 
 of about three hundred and fifty. They met with cordial greet- 
 ings and brotherly sympathies ; and the weather proving favor- 
 able, the most agreeable anticipations were realized, all the 
 exercises and entertainments, literary, social, athletic and gastro- 
 nomic, giving much satisfaction. Hon. Nathan M. Hawkes, of 
 Lynn, was master of ceremonies. 
 
 Died, in Saugus, July 30, George W. Phillips, aged 70. He 
 was a native of Boston, a brother of Wendell PhilHps the " silver 
 tongued " orator, and a graduate of Harvard college, with the 
 1829 class. He was a good lawyer and long in large practice, 
 interested in town affairs, but steadily declining to hold office. 
 For some years he was a partner of Franklin Dexter, and man- 
 
86 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 880. 
 
 aged many important cases. During the last thirty years he was 
 a resident of Saugus, was thrice married, and his last wife sur- 
 vived him. His death was very sudden. Returning from Boston 
 early in the afternoon, and seeing his men pitching hay, he said, 
 pleasantly, " Boys, would n't you like to have me up there with 
 you > " He mounted the hay-rigging, and was presently observed 
 to totter and fall, death almost instantly following. The funeral 
 services were held in Saugus, Rev. James Freeman Clarke, Dr. 
 Oliver W. Holmes, and one or two others of his Harvard class- 
 mates being present and making remarks. 
 
 A fire commenced on the morning of August 6, in the three 
 story wooden building numbered 2 and 4, Central avenue, owned 
 by S. P. Miles, and resulted in the loss of property to the amount 
 of about ;^2.500, largely in stock. 
 
 On the afternoon of Wednesday, August 11, a meeting of the 
 wardens and vestry of St. Stephen's Church was held for the 
 formal reception of the stone from the ancient walls of St. Mar- 
 garet's Church, in Lynn Regis, England, which had been sent 
 with its friendly inscription by the authorities of that venerable 
 shrine, to be incorporated in St. Stephen's Memorial Church, then 
 in process of erection on South Common street. Resolutions 
 were passed warmly acknowledging the courtesy of the brethren 
 of St. Margaret's. 
 
 Sunday night, August 22, was one of the most beautiful con- 
 ceivable. The full moon rose between seven and eight o'clock 
 and pursued a cloudless course through a sparkling sky. The 
 air was soft, the westerly breeze very light, and the woody hills, 
 rocky shores, and quiet sea defined with marvellous clearness. 
 But this record would be common-place were it not for the 
 additional and uncommon fact that at midnight, as on the 24th 
 of November, 1879, the weather was clear throughout the whole 
 United States, though there were considerable variations of tem- 
 perature. In this vicinity the thermometer stood at about 70° ; 
 but proceeding southerly, it grew warmer. At Savannah, Geo., 
 it reached 82 degrees. 
 
 Tubular wells having been sunk by the city authorities on the 
 south side of Boston street, between Cottage and Bridge, in the 
 hope of obtaining large quantities of pure water, for public use, 
 pumping from them into the Pine Hill reservoir commenced on 
 the 4th of September. One effect, soon felt, was the draining 
 of wells on estates more than half a mile distant. In the first 
 forty-five hours that the pump was in motion 1.250.000 gallons 
 were drawn. 
 
 The cattle show and fair of the Essex Agricultural Society 
 was again held in Lynn, on Tuesday and Wednesday, September 
 28 and 29. There was a large attendance and highly satisfactory 
 exhibition. Lieut. Col. D. W. Lowe delivered the address. 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 880. 87 
 
 The entire fire department had a parade, Oct. 20. The display 
 was very fine and to the participants an occasion of much 
 enjoyment. At the close of the march dinner was served in Odd 
 Fellows' Hall. 
 
 In the autumn of this year a great sensation was produced in 
 political circles all over the United States, by the appearance, in 
 a New York paper, of a letter purporting to have been written 
 by General Garfield, the Republican candidate for the presidency, 
 and addressed to " Henry L. Morey," of the " Employers' Union," 
 of Lynn. It was in the interest of cheap labor, and in pursuance 
 of the purpose, favored Chinese immigration. The Pacific coast 
 people, especially, became highly indignant at the drift of the 
 letter, and the name of Morey and of Lynn were heard in every 
 quarter. But the letter was soon provfed to be a base forgery, 
 concocted to damage the prospects of General Garfield ; and it 
 would, without doubt, have had a serious effect, had not timely 
 evidence of the unpardonable fraud been discovered. It was 
 satisfactorily shown that no such person as Henry L. Morey and 
 no such association as the Employers' Union existed in Lynn. 
 
 Early in the forenoon of Oct. 28, a fire occurred on the south 
 side of Broad street, near the foot of Market, which destroyed 
 the steam planing mill of James N. Buffum and Company, to- 
 gether with several neighboring buildings, the entire loss being 
 some ^93.500. 
 
 Soon after the burning of the planing mill, as above noted, it 
 was concluded to rebuild on a site some six or seven hundred 
 feet southward. The great brick chimney, nine feet square at 
 the base, and ninety feet high, had been left standing in solitary 
 grandeur, and was removed, in its erect position, without accident, 
 by the skillful management of Boston contractors. 
 
 On the 22d of November a beautiful mirage appeared in the 
 bay. 
 
 The district of Lynn, Nahant, and Swampscott, returned, as 
 the product of their fisheries for the quarter ending Dec. 3, as 
 follows : codfish, cured, 300.000 lbs ; mackerel, 400.000 lbs. ; her- 
 ring, salted, 100.000 lbs. ; lobsters, 7.000 lbs. ; fresh fish, daily 
 catch, 315.000 lbs. ; fish oil, 3.200 galls. Total value, $44,141.50. 
 A rather singular, though not serious, accident happened to 
 ex-Mayor Buffum on an evening in December. He was in the 
 store of Mr. Barton, on Market street the door of which was 
 composed of a single plate of glass. Observing his horse, which 
 had been left standing in the street, suddenly start, Mr. B. hastily 
 and without realizing that the door was not open, but transparent, 
 dashed through, causing one or two uncomfortable cuts upon his 
 face and other parts of his head. 
 
 The United States census, taken this year, gave Lynn a pop- 
 ulation of 38.284. 18.25s males, 20.029 females. 
 
88 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 88 1. 
 
 1881. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association Building, on the 
 corner of Market and Liberty streets, was dedicated on Monday 
 afternoon, January 17. There was a large attendance, and 
 among the notables was Governor Long, who delivered a short 
 address. The cost of the building was a little rising $57,000. 
 The corner stone was laid on Thursday, April 8, 1880, the prin- 
 cipal address on that occasion being by Russell Sturgis of 
 Boston. 
 
 On the morning of Wednesday, January 19, a fire occurred 
 on the westerly side of Market street, near Broad, destroying 
 property to the amount of $156,500. Augustus B. Martin and 
 Co., morocco manufacturer's, C. B Lancaster and Co., shoe man- 
 ufacturers, and Skinner and Golder, were the principal losers. 
 For a time there was danger of a more extensive conflagration, 
 and assistance in arresting the flames was received from Salem 
 and Marblehead. 
 
 A fire took place on Sunday morning, January 30, in the car- 
 riage manufactory of E. J. Leslie, on Boston street, near Myrtle, 
 by which property to the amount of $3,500 was destroyed. 
 
 Dr. Daniel Perley died at his residence in Breed street, Janu- 
 ary 31, at the age of "]"], leaving a widow, two sons and a daugh- 
 ter. He commenced practice here in 1836, and became highly 
 esteemed as a physician and citizen. He was a native of Boxford, 
 Mass. 
 
 The government weather signals, on High Rock, were shown " 
 for the first time, February 23. 
 
 A fire commenced in the rubber factory of Melcher and Spin- 
 ney, in Broad street, near Market, March 31. The flames spread 
 so rapidly that one of the workmen to save his life was obliged 
 to jump from a second-story window. Total loss on building 
 and stock, about $3,700. 
 
 On the night of May 2, a fire occurred in the morocco factory 
 of Henry Beyer, rear of Spring street, doing damage to the 
 amount of $3,400. 
 
 The pond on the Common was this year stocked with gold fish 
 from Gold Fish pond. 
 
 The address before the General Lander Post No. 5, of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic, the City Government and others, 
 was delivered in Music Hall, on the evening of May 31, by Gen. 
 James Carnahan of Indiana. It was postponed from the preced- 
 ing evening on account of a violent thunder storm. Memorial 
 Day, May 30, was this year made a legal holiday by the legislature. 
 
 Mr. Eugene F. Forman, editor and proprietor of the Lynn 
 Daily Bee and Weekly Reporter, came to his death by a strange 
 and terrible accident, at the Sagamore hotel, in Union street, 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 88 1. 89 
 
 where he boarded, at about one o'clock on the morning of Sep- 
 tember 3. He was at the open window of his room in the fourth 
 story, and by some means lost his balance and fell a distance 
 of about forty feet, to the street pavement, in his descent striking 
 upon an iron railing attached to the basement of the building. 
 He survived, at times suffering great pain, till about six o'clock 
 in the evening. He was a young man of more than ordinary 
 promise in the journalistic profession, of good education, and 
 seemed destined to make an enduring mark in the community. 
 He was born in Nantucket, on the i6th of February, 1852, and 
 was unmarried. The several printing offices in the city were 
 closed, in respect to his memory, at the hour of his funeral. 
 
 On the 6th of September, soon after sunrise, the atmosphere 
 began to assume a yellowish hue — brassy, as the phrase em- 
 ployed generally was when speaking of it — and by the middle 
 of the forenoon, there was a very unnatural appearance. People 
 began to wonder what was coming. At noon the obscuration 
 was so great that artificial light was needed for most in-door 
 employments. The blaze of a lamp was no less noticeable than 
 the other phenomena, for it was strangely brilliant and remark- 
 ably white. The greatest darkness was at about three in the 
 afternoon. At that hour it was difficult to read common print 
 by the daylight ; the faces of people were of a light saffron hue ; 
 blues were changed to green ; the grass and foliage had a beau- 
 tiful golden tinge ; and every thing wore a sort of weird aspect. 
 Domestic animals and fowls seemed to notice that something 
 unusual was going on, but manifested no alarm. The day was 
 close and warm, and the smell of smoke very perceptible. The 
 wind was southwesterly but very light. Towards night a gentle 
 westerly breeze sprang up, and before sunset nature had assumed 
 her wonted condition. Several theories were proposed to account 
 for this " yellow Tuesday," as it came . to be called ; but there 
 seems to be little doubt that it was occasioned by smoke arising 
 from fires in the woods, some of which were perhaps as far off as 
 Canada. The writer very well remembers that when he was a 
 small boy, probably in 1 8 1 7 or 1 8 1 8, he was surprised on going 
 out one Sunday morning to see how yellow everything looked, 
 and called the attention of the family to the appearance. But 
 by " meeting time " the strange hue had nearly passed off. Like 
 a good boy he was drawn by the sound of the bell to the venera- 
 ble Old Tunnel, and clearly recollects hearing a knot of men at 
 the door commenting on the " brassy " appearance of the morn- 
 ing ; and one of them remarked that it looked just as it did on 
 the morning of the great dark day of 1780. 
 
 On the night of September 12, between eight and nine o'clock, 
 there was a singularly beautiful appearance in the heavens. A 
 band of dense mist skirted along the horizon, but above, the sky 
 
go ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 88 1. 
 
 was clear and the stars bright. Suddenly there appeared what 
 may not inaptly be compared to two immense comets, one at the 
 southeastern and the other at the northwestern horizon, sending 
 up their broad and sharply defined tails, to meet at the zenith. 
 The arch, if such it may be called, formed a striking spectacle, 
 and was so transparent that stars were visible' through it. It 
 retained its most perfect proportions about twenty minutes, and 
 then, sweeping off in a southerly direction, soon faded away. At 
 the Signal Office, in Boston, it was judged to be the corona form 
 of aurora borealis ; but some, professedly wise in such matters, 
 contended that it was a nebulous belt which had made a near 
 approach to the earth. It was described as of a " reddish yellow " 
 tinge as it appeared in some places ; but as it was observed by 
 the writer, it was of a beautifully clear white, and at the time 
 thought to be without doubt the aurora. One scientific observer, 
 who called it a " nebulous band," claimed, in a newspaper commu- 
 nication, that it is recurrent, and is every season to be seen, 
 always in the same direction, and always between the 25th of 
 August and the 20th of September. One of our Lynn papers 
 referred to it as something hardly worthy of remark. But the 
 circumstances under which the writer of that paragraph saw it 
 must have been very unfavorable, or he could not have seen it 
 during the short time of its greatest brilliancy. As seen from 
 the piazza of the stone dwelling at the junction of Walnut and 
 Holyoke streets it was certainly a very striking and beautiful 
 object. 
 
 About midnight, September 19, the church bells were tolled, 
 announcing the death of President Garfield. The effect was 
 very solemn. 
 
 On Wednesday, September 21, "The Exploring Circle," a 
 voluntary association of ladies and gentlemen of culture held a 
 " Camp Day," on a romantic elevation perhaps a mile northward 
 from Dungeon Rock, and as was calculated about the centre 
 of Lynn woods. They had previously held similar meetings in the 
 forest, and consecrated and given appropriate names to some of the 
 other hills which still remain unknown to most of our people, 
 but which would richly repay the visits of every lover of the wild 
 and weird, the romantic and lovely in nature. The occasion under 
 notice was the consecration of " Mount Gilead," one of the most 
 interesting spots within our borders, and from which the view, 
 though chiefly of forest, is grand in the extreme. The services 
 were highly pleasing, music, both vocal and instrumental, lending 
 its charms to the picturesque ceremonials. There were also 
 brief addresses, and the substantial addition of a pic-nic enter- 
 tainment. The day was very pleasant, and several noted indi- 
 viduals from abroad were present. The " Circle " entertains the 
 laudable hope of initiating such measures as will prevent the 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 88 1. 9 1 
 
 entire destruction of our noble forests by the relentless woods- 
 man's onward march, and perhaps ultimately secure a suitable 
 tract for a public park. 
 
 Memorial sevices on the decease of the President were held 
 in the First Methodist church, in Park square, on the 26th of 
 September. Some public and many private buildings were 
 appropriately draped. 
 
 The Hon. Enoch Redingtdn Mudge died very suddenly, on 
 Saturday, October i, at his beautiful summer residence in Swamp- 
 scott. He was at his place of business, in Boston, on Friday, 
 and towards night called to inspect the concluding work on St. 
 Stephen's Memorial Church. Up to the time of retirement he 
 appeared to be in his usual health ; but on Saturday morning, 
 before rising, was seized by a severe pain in the head. Medical 
 attendance was promptly summoned and every effort- made for 
 his relief, but all without effect, and before noon he had breathed 
 his last. The death of no one in this community has produced 
 more wide-spread and unfeigned sorrow, for he was universally 
 respected for his integrity as a business man, his great liberality 
 in the furtherance of all good works, and for his christian princi- 
 ples, and genial manners. By diligence, enterprise, and uncom- 
 mon business capacity, he had accumulated a large fortune, 
 which he evidently regarded as entrusted to him for the benefit 
 of his fellow-men. For many of the latter years of his life he 
 was extensively concerned in cotton and woolen manufacturing 
 though in earlier manhood his attention was directed to other 
 employments. 
 
 That he was a man of cultivated taste, and a true lover of the 
 beautiful in nature and art, his delightful home at Swampscott, 
 in its surroundings and interior appointments, abundantly testi- 
 • fied. And in St. Stephen's Memorial Church future generations 
 will behold enduring evidence not only of his liberality? parental 
 love, and christian faith, but also of his elevated conception of 
 grace and adaptation. 
 
 Mr. Mudge undoubtedly regarded the erection of St. Stephen's 
 as the crowning work of his life. And that elegant structure will 
 long remain his noblest visible monument. It is gratifying to 
 think that he lived to see the work well-nigh completed, though 
 we may lament that in the ways of a mysterious Providence he 
 was not spared for a few additional days that he might witness 
 the solemn ceremony of consecration ; a consummation he so 
 devoutly contemplated. His sudden decease sent a thrill through 
 the community such is rarely experienced. And the numerous 
 meetings that were held in Boston and elsewhere by the business 
 men and by public associations, and the eulogistic addresses and 
 resolutions of sympathy, showed that one held in far more than 
 
92 ANNALS OF LYNN — 1 88 1. 
 
 ordinary esteem had passed away. And it spoke well for the 
 elevated tone of society that such appreciative tributes were so 
 spontaneously offered to the memory of such a man. 
 
 In person, Mr. Mudge was of full medium size, remarkably 
 well formed, dignified in manners, and always attentive to those 
 who addressed him, whether high or low. He was quick of ap- 
 prehension, self-possessed, decided in his views, and able at all 
 times to give a reason for the faith that was in him. It was 
 impossible for one to have intercourse with him for an hour and 
 not perceive that he was a man of superior mental endowment. 
 And those who had fellowship with him in church work were at 
 once impressed with his fidelity to his clearly-defined principles, 
 his bright, cheerful anticipations, and his freedom from bigotry. 
 
 For political honors he did not aspire, though at one time he 
 served in the State Senate. Yet he took commendable interest 
 in public affairs, labored and expended liberally for the advance- 
 ment of enterprises that he believed were for the public good. 
 He manifested especial interest in the young business men — 
 they who were soon to take the places of the generation of which 
 he was a member — gave lectures to them, in Boston, and im- 
 proved every opportunity to urge upon them the formation of 
 habits of strict integrity, industry, and moral rectitude, as the 
 ground on which alone permanent prosperity could rest. Though 
 he made no pretensions as an orator, he was yet a very effective 
 speaker, and one who always secured the close attention of his 
 auditors. His style was earnest and indicative of his own deep 
 convictions. His language was well chosen, his points concisely 
 presented, and his arguments effective from resting on a basis 
 of sound common sense. 
 
 The burial service over the remains of Mr. Mudge was held in 
 St. Stephen's Church — then just on the verge of completion — 
 on Tuesday, October 4. It was the first service ever held within 
 those walls, was simple, and in strict accordance with the rubrics. 
 The edifice was entirely filled, large numbers of distinguished 
 persons from abroad, and many of the clergy being present. And 
 the large attendance of our own citizens of all classes, afforded 
 grateful assurance of the wide-spread sympathy for the bereaved 
 family. The remains were conveyed to the cloister garth, and 
 there, with prayer, and sacred melody, and words of heavenly 
 promise, and amid the tears of loved kindred, committed to their 
 final resting place. 
 
 Mr. Mudge was born in Orrington, Me., on the twenty-second 
 of March, 18 12, and was a son of Rev. Enoch Mudge, a native 
 of Lynn, of whom a brief biographical notice may be found in 
 our 1865 edition of the History of Lynn. At an early age he 
 was united in marriage with Miss Caroline A. Patten of Portland, 
 Me., and they became the parents of seven children, the mother, 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 88 1. 93 
 
 one son, and two daughters surviving him. His eldest son, 
 Charles Redington, a lieutenant-colonel in the Union forces, was 
 killed in the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, and his eldest 
 daughter, Fanny Olive, died July 23, 1879. And in memory of 
 those beloved children the costly tablets in the south interior 
 wall were placed at the time of the erection of the church. 
 
 A fire occurred early on the morning of October 27, in the 
 stable of A. H. Bosworth, on Willow street, destroying property 
 to the amount of $600. 
 
 The National Security Bank of Lynn commenced business on 
 Tuesday, November i, Benjamin F. Spinney, president, David J. 
 Lord, cashier; capital, j^iOo.ooo. This is the fourth bank of 
 discount in Lynn. 
 
 St. Stephen's Memorial Church was consecrated on Wednes- 
 day, November 2, and the services, conducted according to the 
 prescribed order, were extremely impressive. Many distinguished 
 clergymen and others from abroad were present, and there was a 
 large attendance of our own citizens. Bishop Paddock of the 
 Massachusetts Diocese and Bishop Neely of Maine, took parts 
 in the exercises ; and Bishop Huntington of Central New York, 
 delivered the sermon. The beautiful edifice was erected by Hon. 
 Enoch Redington Mudge, for the use of St. Stephen's parish, and 
 had become doubly hallowed by his own sudden decease and burial 
 within its walls. What wonder then .that a large and sympa- 
 thetic concourse should have gathered. The corner stone was 
 laid on the 19th of May, 1880. There were present on that 
 occasion also a large number of prominent clergymen. Bishop 
 Paddock delivered an address ; and under the stone was placed 
 an engraved copper tablet stating that the building was to be 
 reared as a thank-offering to God and in memory of a deceased 
 son and daughter ; to remain a house of worship, for the use 
 of St. Stephen's parish, in conformity to the rites,, ceremonies, 
 usages and canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the 
 United States. The edifice will be known as St. Stephen's 
 Memorial Church. But the design of the donor was not merely 
 commemorative of his deceased children, dear as they were. His 
 greater object was to do something noble for the spiritual eleva- 
 tion of the community in which he felt such a glowing interest ; 
 and had his children lived he would have done some great work 
 for that end. But his martial son had laid his life on his country's 
 altar, and the thought came of a Christian soldier's most befitting 
 monument. 
 
 The Sanborn School House, in Ward 2, (Glenmere,) was dedi- 
 cated on Monday, December 5. The name was in honor of Jere- 
 miah Sanborn, a former teacher in the ward. 
 
 As noted under the proper date, horse rail-road cars first began 
 
94 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 88 1. 
 
 to run in the streets of Lynn, Nov. 29, i860. They were found 
 to be of very great convenience, especially to working people 
 whose employment was in the manufactories in the central parts. 
 And though for some time the pioneer company did not realise 
 much from their pecuniary investment, by perseverance, fair 
 dealing, and efforts to accommodate, they gained the confidence 
 and good-will of the community, and finally secured to themselves 
 generous returns. As exigences seemed to require the lines have 
 been extended to different neighborhoods, and come to be con- 
 sidered very important auxiliaries to our prosperity. The cheap 
 lands in the suburbs afford opportunities to many of limited 
 means to secure pleasant homes, free from the damaging neces- 
 sity of frequent removals ; and by such the street rail-way is 
 highly appreciated. 
 
 Some of those wise prognosticators who may alwiys be found 
 endeavoring to disturb the equanimity of naturally apprehensive 
 minds, predicted that the year 1881 would be distinguished for 
 remarkable and disastrous occurrences if indeed it was not to 
 witness the end of all earthly things. Dire celestial phenomena, 
 atmospheric disturbances, calamities by fire and flood, were 
 among the promised woes. As far as certain parts of the world 
 were concerned there was a verification of some of the predictions, 
 hurricanes, floods, and conflagrations, attended by startling inci- 
 dents, taking place. The number of shipwrecks was remarkably 
 large, and the loss of life by their means and by conflagrations 
 was appaling. But in this favored region nothing of a very ex- 
 traordinary nature took place. A couple of rather pale comets 
 decorated the heavens in the latter part of the summer ; indeed 
 not less than seven of those erratic wanderers were reported as 
 appearing within the range of telescopic vision during the year. 
 A rattling thunder storm occupied the evening of Decoration 
 Day. And a few uncomfortably sudden changes of temperature 
 took place. . Then there was the " yellow day," September 6, and 
 the beautiful atrial phantom on the night of September 12. These 
 were about the sum of our share of wonders. We had no severe 
 drought, steam-boat or rail-road disaster, no great conflagration, 
 hurricane, or flood. Still, in many unreflecting and superstitious 
 minds there lingered through the whole year vague apprehensions 
 of brooding evil. The literary forgery known as " Mother Ship- 
 ton's Prophesies," purporting to have been made in 1448, and to 
 foretell at least one event of some importance that was to happen 
 in this, pregnant year 1881, strangely enough, created real alarm 
 in minds that would have been supposed far above such influ- 
 ences. The matter was rathe'r cunningly devised, and to the 
 unthinking mind that entertained no doubt of the genuineness 
 of the predictions, the allusions to steam, the electric-telegraph, 
 iron ships, California, the British premier Disraeli, &c., must have 
 
ANNALS OF LYNN 1 88 I. 95 
 
 come with alarming force. But let us give place to a few of the 
 occult lines, for it is not unlikely that the " Prophesies " may in 
 the future, with a modification or two be presented afresh. It 
 does seem as if every generation must have some such mysteri- 
 ous chapter to ponder over. 
 
 " Carriages without horses shall go. 
 Around the world thoughts shall fly 
 In the twinkling of an eye. 
 Iron in the water shall float 
 As easy as a wooden boat. 
 Gold shall be found, and found 
 In a land that 's not now known. 
 Fire and water shall more wonders do. 
 England shall at last admit a Jew. 
 
 * * » 
 
 The world then to an end shall come 
 In eighteen hundred and eighty-one." 
 
 In concluding these remarks on what may be called some of the 
 popular vagaries of the day, it may be well to add that in various 
 parts of the country professed scientists, who are expected to 
 keep an eye on nature as she pursues her marvelous develop- 
 ments, propounded new theories and claimed extraordinary dis- 
 coveries. It was alleged, for instance, by an Ohio astronomer, 
 that in consequence of " the change in the parallelism of the 
 axis of rotation of the earth, which took place during a superior 
 planetary conjunction, October ii, 1877, the United States are 
 now in the torrid zone." Finally, we may as well record our own 
 " prophecy ; " which is that all such predictions as the foregoing 
 will fail in the future, as they have failed in the past. 
 
 In closing our chapter of Annals, it is not deemed necessary 
 to occupy space with a formal recapitulation. The matter has 
 been so arranged that it is thought anything in the book can 
 be readily found by reference to the index. Such statistical 
 items as seemed most aptly to exhibit our progress and condition 
 at different periods, and most interesting to the general reader, 
 have been given. But for many details, useful and interesting 
 to a class, but dry and useless to others, resort may be had to 
 published municipal documents. 
 
 In the matter of business energy and enterprise, Lynn stands 
 among the foremost in New England., But for some reason her 
 reputation abroad for intellectual development and scholarly 
 attainment has not been enviable. We must work for a change. 
 It is not easy to give any reliable data on which an accurate 
 judgment of the progress and condition of intelligence and 
 mental discipline among us, can be predicated. Our people are 
 great readers ; but the quality of the reading should be taken 
 into account before a proper estimate of its usefulness can be 
 made. The Free Public Library has now about 30.000 volumes, 
 
96 ANNALS OF LYNN 1 88 1. 
 
 and the average daily delivery amounts to about 500. This is a 
 large circulation, and to a considerable extent lies with the young 
 work-people, who, in some sense as a relief from daily toil, peruse 
 the lighter works, which, though by no means positively perni- 
 cious, are liable to usurp the place of those which would be 
 more conducive to mental health and growth. It may be said 
 that if the class to whom we refer cannot procure the desired 
 books they will not read any thing ; and in that light it is per- 
 haps well to keep up the supply, looking to reformation in the 
 future, which may gradually come about, for the shelves are well 
 provided with attractive works of solid character. The circulation 
 of newspapers in Lynn has increased with astonishing rapidity 
 within a dozen years. Almost every one must now have his 
 daily paper, and if all those connected with the editorial profession 
 would maintain the dignity of the press, avoiding the merely 
 sensational and frivolous, what an influence they would have in 
 elevating the tone of society and shaping its destinies. At this 
 time there are not probably less than 14.000 daily papers circu- 
 lated in Lynn, and of other publications large numbers ; and 
 while, for the most part, they are of a character worthy of com- 
 mendation, a few could be spared without detriment. AH that it 
 seems necessary to say of our 65 public Schools, appears else- 
 where. They are doubtless in good condition as measured by 
 the apparent requirements of the day and as compared with 
 institutions of similar grade in other places ; but future times 
 will have other views and demands. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 " On, on, the generations march ! 
 Resistless, pauseless ! But they leave 
 Their footprints ineffaceable 
 As is the starry tracery on high. 
 Their words still linger, airily. 
 Like breathings from the spirit homes !" 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It is proposed to give, in this Chapter, Biographical Sketches — 
 or perhaps it should rather be said in regard to many of them,, 
 brief Personal Notices — of some of the people of Lynn who 
 have become more or less strongly marked by their integrity of 
 character and their efforts to promote the best interests of the 
 place ; or even, peradventure, of those who by their abnormal: 
 ways have afforded useful allurements or warnings ; for, from the 
 delinquences and miscarriages, the buffetings and failures of 
 some, as well as from the fidelity and success of others, we may 
 as certainly receive useful guidance as may the mariner from, the 
 occasionally lurching as well as from the ever-constant buoy. 
 
 As the parent survives and continues an extended existence 
 in the lives of his offspring, so the good member of society lives 
 an extended life in the enduring influence of his deeds and exam- 
 ple, often accumulating power as time recedes. There is a fasci- 
 nation in the tracing of family connexions. In so doing, to be sure,, 
 one sometimes falls on an individual who does no credit to his 
 lineage ; but such may be silently passed by ; and it must be a 
 very low-conditioned family that in the course of generations can 
 present no honorable example. But how little do we know of the 
 estimation in which an individual who lived even a few years 
 
 (97) 7 
 
98 Biographical Sketches. IntroduBion. 
 
 before ourselves, was held by his cotemporaries. The prominent 
 features of chara6ter survive ; but the minor lights and shades 
 are obscured ; the petulance of the churlish and the vagaries 
 of the conceited have faded away in the lustre of their better 
 qualities. 
 
 The plan adopted in the 1865 edition of our History of Lynn, 
 will not be so closely followed, here, as has been done in the 
 chapter of Annals, as it is thought that some variations will be 
 improvements. As alphabetical arrangement is always conve- 
 nient, that will be pursued. And to make the whole as plain 
 and comprehensive as possible, the names of a class of individ- 
 uals, who were not natives, will appear, with references to the 
 dates in the Annals under which some account of them may be 
 found. In short, it is proposed to give in the following pages 
 what will enable the reader to refer to any biographical notice, 
 whether of a native or otherwise, or whether it is to be found in 
 this volume or in that of 1865. In a few instances, too, notable 
 persons spoken of under different dates in the Annals will receive 
 brief conriefted notices. And furthermore, lest the reader who 
 may not fully observe our plan, should discover a seemingly 
 unwarrantable omission, here and there, it is thought proper to 
 introduce a few names with references to accounts in other places 
 than the regular History ; for instance to the Mayors, of whom 
 sketches, with portraits, are given in the " Centennial Memorial." 
 
 In our many notices we shall endeavor to give fair glimpses 
 of chara6ler, not unreasonably magnifying mediocrity nor unjustly 
 exhibiting blemishes. The more prodigal one is of his compli- 
 ments, the more he lessens their value ; and unjust censure 
 recoils upon himself It will not be inferred that the individuals 
 here brought to notice are the only ones spoken of in our An- 
 nals. Many more are there named and their meritorious doings 
 alluded to, as a reference to the indexes will enable any one to 
 perceive. Mere genealogies of families, of course, are not to 
 any extent given. They are but skeletons without flesh ; inter- 
 esting, indeed, to the near kindred, but not to the general reader. 
 Of course the names of a great many worthy people do not 
 appear at all in the connection, as it is by no means intended to 
 present an annotated directory. But it is sought to introduce a 
 meet representative or two from the various walks of life. No 
 
Biographical Sketches. Introdu£lion. 99 
 
 person living has not, in addition to his modest self-appreciation 
 some friend to whom he would be glad to see a tribute paid. 
 But in a work of this kind it devolves on the author to discrim- 
 inate, and endeavor to present, within reasonable limits, what 
 seems, on the whole, to be likely to result in the greatest good. 
 An attempt to delineate character is always a delicate task, and 
 especially so when a cotemporary is the subject ; for we necessa- 
 rily view our travelling companions .along life's road in different 
 lights and from different stand-points ; and hence what one 
 might pronounce a faithful delineation, another might look upon 
 as distorted.- Some look deep down for the principles from 
 which actions spring, while others look only to surface indica- 
 tions. But there is a kind of fellow-traveller whose companion- 
 ship very few of us much esteem ; namely, the one who is prone 
 to make those about him uncomfortable by unnecessary com- 
 plaints, ill-formed conceits, and irregularities of temper. To his 
 cotemporaries he is always disagreeable ; and if he be a man of 
 real genius and worth must look to future generations for a just 
 estimate of his merits, they not being tried by his vaporings. 
 This refle6lion, perhaps impertinent, forced itself upon the writer 
 as the image of one of whom a sketch has already been prepared, 
 came up before his mind. We will call him Mr. G. He long 
 since passed away, and his name is now among the choicest in 
 the keeping of our people. A little anecdote will serve to illus- 
 trate our meaning as well as the degree of honor awarded him in 
 his own time ; though it is not to be denied that there were 
 those who, while he yet remained among us, duly estimated his 
 superior endowments, having power to penetrate the sometimes 
 repulsive haze that obscured his better nature. On an afternoon, 
 nearly forty years ago, the writer, in passing through Central 
 square observed mounted on a wagon that stood there an indi- 
 vidual well known throughout the town as a half-lunatic, but 
 shrewd, observing, and fond of indulging in sarcastic remarks. 
 He was delivering a rambling oration to the motley assembly 
 gathered around. Just then Mr. G. came along. The orator 
 caught sight of him, and suspending his discourse called out, 
 
 " Here, here, Mr. G , I have something to say to you. Pray 
 
 stop a moment and hear me." This salutation was of course 
 unheeded, and Mr. G. moved along with his accustomed dignity. 
 
loo Biographical Sketches. Adams, Alley. 
 
 * 
 The other repeated the call, but with no better success ; and 
 then, with an air of mingled chagrin and contempt, added, 
 " Well, well, my friend ! so you won't notice me, will you ? I 
 suppose you call yourself up in the world, and think I 'm down, 
 do n't you ? We all know you 're up-ish, and I 'm derry-down. 
 But before heaven I do n't believe there 's much to choose 
 between us. We both act like the devil!" The shout that 
 went up from the crowd at that sally may be imagined. After 
 the explosion, the orator calmly resumed his harangue, and the 
 whole assembly seemed to feel that the popular mind had been 
 expressed. But the time has now arrived when the displeasing 
 foibles of Mr. G. are forgotten, and his name stands high on 
 the roll of those we delight to honor. His many worthy deeds 
 are gratefully remembered ; his minor blemishes, which so an- 
 noyed those of his own generation, are buried with him. As there 
 are among the individuals of whom we shall speak, some of like 
 charafleristics, this illustration may not be without its use in 
 making up our judgment. It will, however, be borne in mind that 
 moral defeft is to be regarded in a very different light from 
 mere social indecorum. 
 
 With these remarks and explanations we proceed to give our 
 imperfeft notices. 
 
 Adams, Rev. Benjamin, minister of Lynnfield parish twenty- 
 one years, including the trying period immediately preceding 
 the Revolution, and the opening stages of the conflict. He was 
 patriotic, though less stirring and conspicuous than the two 
 other ministers — Roby and Treadwell — then settled in Lynn. 
 The ministers of the country parishes, very generally, manifested 
 commendable zeal in the provincial cause, and in their ardent 
 exhortations frequently exhibited a spirit that would ill-accord 
 with modern views of the sacred vocation. The ultimate success 
 of the cause is in no small degree attributable to their urgent 
 and persistent appeals. The Lynn ministers certainly did their 
 part. See Annals, date 1777. 
 
 Alley, Hugh and John. These two settlers, who appeared 
 here as early as 1640, were farmers, and located in the vicinity 
 
Biographical Sketches. Armitage. loi 
 
 of Market street. From them descended the numerous persons 
 of the name who have for many years been numbered in our 
 population. Some of these descendants have made favorable 
 marks in their generation. Solomon Alley was one of the 
 " Flower of Essex," in Lathrop's command, and was killed in 
 the Indian massacre at Bloody Brook, in 1675. 
 
 In former years many of the family were members of the 
 Quaker society, which may in a measure account for their not 
 more frequently appearing in public life. In the letter of the 
 Quakers of Lynn, to Governor Dudley, dated "22th 4m° 1703," 
 giving a list of those of the faith here, appears the name 
 of Hugh Alley, who was probably a grandson of the one whose 
 name stands at the head of this notice. There was a Captain 
 Hugh Alley who commanded a small schooner-rigged vessel 
 running from Lynn to Boston, which seems to have been very 
 successful in his day of limited carrying trade. He continued 
 in the business some years, the land route being circuitous, 
 rutty and rough. Hon. John B. Alley, the first Congressional 
 Representative from Lynn is of this respectable lineage. John 
 Alley, father of the last named, was a very stirring and thrifty 
 business man, though not without conspicuous eccentricities. 
 He built the Railroad House, opposite the southern end of Mar- 
 ket street ; also the dam near the foot of Pleasant street, thus 
 forming the capacious mill-pond. He was, in his earlier years, 
 a member of the Quaker society ; participated in the troubles 
 there, in 1822, and subsequently seemed quite unsettled in his 
 religious views ; yet he maintained a high character for integrity 
 and neighborly-kindness. 
 
 The christian names Hugh and John seem to have prevailed 
 in the Alley family for many generations. Hugh Alye, " citizen 
 and wever, of London," died in 1533, leaving a son John and 
 daughter Elizabeth. He was buried in Saint Mildred's, and 
 " Maude Croumwell, late wife of Richard Croumwell " was exec- 
 utrix of his estate. See Annals, 1640 and other early dates. 
 
 Armitage, Joseph. This individual figures somewhat largely 
 in our early history. He made his appearance here in 1630, and 
 was a tailor by trade. In those primitive times, however, the 
 permanency of fashions, the scarcity of material, and the necessity 
 
I02 Biographical Sketches. Armitaffe. 
 
 "£>' 
 
 of household economy, conspired to make the calls for the exer- 
 cise of his artistic skill- quite limited, and we are not surprised to 
 find him turning his attention to occupations that promised more 
 satisfactory returns. In him was exemplified that fruitfulness 
 of resource which lies at the foundation of at least one leading 
 trait of true Yankee chara6ler ; and very likely, had a wider field 
 opened for the exercise of his peculiar talents, he might have 
 attained a more conspicuous position, and been more thrifty in a 
 pecuniary way ; as, after all, notwithstanding his industry and 
 frugality, he lived and died a poor man. There is, indeed, little 
 art in financiering, for whoever lives within his means and pays 
 his debts is successful. And this simple rule applies as well to 
 nations as individuals. But the speculative mind is not content 
 to take this rational view, and must experiment among doubtful 
 projects. 
 
 The ill-success of Mr. Armitagie, however, may, in part at least, 
 have been attributable to his fondness for lawsuits, than which 
 hardly anything can be more detrimental, dire6tly and indire6lly, 
 to the interests of the average citizen. The law is an extremely 
 hazardous resort ; and it may be safely said that if some among 
 us who waste their substance in pursuing it, would only apply 
 the means thus squandered to the payment of their honest debts, 
 they would not pass their whole business lives on the verge 
 of bankruptcy, nor be always forced to confront the claims of 
 charity with the argument of an empty purse. The writer once 
 knew two brothers in the very neighborhood where the humble 
 dwelling of Mr. Armitage stood, who began life as prosperous 
 farmers, and soon, with what they inherited, possessed enough 
 to call themselves moderately rich. But unfortunately, from 
 some unaccountable cause, both became fascinated by the law 
 and were seldom without a suit or two on hand. When they 
 were well along in years, the writer asked one what made him 
 waste so much time and money in such unprofitable business. 
 " Why," said, he " it is the best amusement I have. It is an 
 exciting game of chance, and I like it. I sometimes gain and 
 sometimes lose. My brother likes it, too ; and when we cannot 
 get up a lawsuit with any one else we can with each other." Both 
 of these sturdy yeomen are now dead ; and they died poor ; they 
 had the music and paid the piper. It is safe to conclude that 
 
BioQRAPHicAL SKETCHES. Armitage. 103 
 
 there is something wrong about the man who is always engaged 
 in lawsuits. 
 
 As the first landlord of the Anchor Tavern, Mr. Armitage is 
 best known, he having opened that famous house of entertain- 
 ment when it must have been a seriously doubtful enterprise, 
 considering the limited number of travellers. But it was not a 
 Fifth Avenue establishment, though great men were sometimes 
 entertained there. He was licensed to " draw wine," and perhaps 
 hoped to derive most profit from that questionable source, though 
 his hopes could hardly have been realized, if he was often so 
 indiscreet as to render himself liable to be fined for negledl 
 of duty, as he appears to have been on one occasion in 165 1, 
 which occasion is indicated by the following entry on the Court 
 records : " In ans' to the petition of Joseph Armitage ffor an 
 abatement of a fine of five pounds, imposed on him for not 
 acquainting the counstable of a psons being drunke in his com- 
 pany, as the law requires, the Court sees no cawse to abate the 
 petitioner any part of that fine." 
 
 The houses of entertainment, of those days, though useful and 
 even necessary for the accommodation of travellers, were not 
 probably to be much prized for their neighborhood influences, as 
 they were often the resort of the lazy and gossiping townsmen 
 who there passed hours of idleness over their tankards of flip, 
 in the haze of tobacco smoke. Yet, when the presiding spirit 
 himself happened to be of high charafter and able to gather 
 around him kindred spirits they no doubt became meeting places 
 for the discussion of matters of the greatest importance. 
 
 It is evident that Mr. Armitage was a stirring if not a meddle- 
 some man, and did not confine his attentions to any particular 
 class or calling. And upon the Court records here and there 
 appear indications that he was one of the many who find it diffi- 
 cult to see how the public good can be reached excepting by 
 the road that leads to their own personal advantage. 
 
 The Armitages — for Joseph was not the only one of the name 
 who appeared in Lynn during the early days — seem to have 
 belonged to a family of some note in the old country. Here, 
 however, though not what would be called a shiftless, they were 
 yet a shifting race. Godfrey, mentioned in our Annals, under date 
 1630, removed to Boston ; and Thomas, whose name does not 
 
104 Biographical Sketches. Armitage. 
 
 appear in the Annals, but who, according to Savage, was for a 
 time commorant here, and who came from Bristol, in the ship 
 James, in 1635, a fellow passenger with Richard Mather, was 
 one of the Sandwich settlers, in 1637 ; from there he went to 
 Stamford, then to Oyster Bay, on Long Island ; and in 1647 
 he appeared among the Hempstead settlers. 
 
 Returning for a moment more to Joseph and his destrudtive 
 lawsuits, we will transcribe the testimony of one of the witnesses 
 in an aftion brought against him by John Ruck, administrator, 
 at the June term of the Essex County Court, in 1671 : "The 
 testimony of Christopher Lawson, of Boston, aged 55 years or 
 Thereabouts : This Deponent saith, that haueing beene acquainted 
 these five or six and twenty years with the dealings betweene 
 M"' Thomas Ruck of Boston, deceased, &' Joseph Hermitage of 
 Lyn, & haueing beene seuerall times at the transafting of them, 
 as appears by my hand to diuers papers subscribed, I doe very 
 wdl remember that the said Thomas Ruck hath giuen him credit 
 from time to time & y° said Hermitage promised to pay him 
 thirty pounds in money in London, of this debt, and the remain- 
 der of the same in New England, to his content. But in the 
 year 1669 coming to Boston, My^ Eliz. Ruck, then widdow, made 
 a sad complaint to me, & said she could gett nothing of y= said 
 Hermitage, whereupon I spoke with Joseph Hermitage & agi- 
 tated the business with him, in the widdows behalfe ; his answer 
 was that he would not wrong y' widow nor fatherless, but would 
 do that was right in the sight of God & man ; he would not 
 wrong her of a penny, with many solem p'testations. In fine, 
 the said Joseph Armitage & M^s Ruck bound themselues in a 
 bond to stand to y'= arbitration of Capt. Roger Spenser & Chris- 
 topher Lawson. We heard both their pleas & allegations & 
 found Joseph Armitage debtor to M^s Rucke, upon all Accounts 
 to y* value of aboute Eighty pounds sterling, which we thought 
 was more than he was able to pay ; we found likewise a bill 
 of exchange to England for Thirty pounds protested, & nothing 
 paid of his debt in New England, save something in Wharfe 
 wood as he calls it. Whereupon we called them both in & 
 desired M'^^ Rucke to take twenty pounds glueing him some 
 tyme to pay it & forgiue him the rest, which 20/ he should pay 
 at Boston in money, or goods at money price within such a tyme, 
 
Biographical Sketches. Armitage. 105 
 
 as appears by the Arbitration in writeing, and yet none of this 
 was performed that euer I heard off. This is the true state of 
 y° case, as I hau beene acquainted with it from first to last, to 
 my best knowledge. Taken upon oath: 29 — 4""° 71 [June 29, 
 167 I.J W™ Hathorne, attest:" This, however, appears to be 
 simply the old, old case — "I owe but cannot pay " — and perhaps 
 involves no element to the especial discredit of Mr. Armitage. 
 
 We here copy an ancient document which will in these pages 
 be a number of times referred to as " The Armitage Petition " — 
 a petition of the wife of Joseph for permission herself to keep 
 the ordinary, he having receded into the back-ground. It is 
 inserted not so much for anything of special interest it contains 
 as for the autographs of a number of the early settlers which are 
 appended, fac-similes of which are given — among them that of 
 Godfrey, brother of Joseph. The petition itself, we have little 
 doubt, is in the hand-writing of Captain Robert Bridges. 
 
 To THE Right worll the Gouernor, Deputie Gouerno^ & 
 THEIR honored assotiats : 
 
 The humble peticon of Jane, wife of Joseph Armitage: 
 
 Humbly sheweth that whereas the indigent and low estate 
 of your poore peticonesse is evident not to a few, in as much as 
 her husbands labours & indeauo" haue beene blasted and his 
 ames & ends frustrated by a iust hand, beinge also made incapa- 
 ble of such other ymploym' as hee is personally iitted for by 
 reason of the sensure vnder w'^'' for the p'sent hee lyeth & alsoe 
 being outed of such trade & comerce as might haue afforded 
 supportacon to his familie consistinge of Diuers p'sons & small 
 Children in comiseracon of whom, togither with yo"" peticonesse, 
 the inhabitants of o'^ town were .pleased (as farr as in them lay) 
 to continue yo"" poore peticonesse in the Custodie of the said 
 Ordinary & that benefitt w"^'' might accrew from the same to 
 take towards makeinge of theire Hues the more comfortable ; 
 wherevpon & by reason whereof yo^ peticonesse said husband 
 procured the most convenient howse in Lynn for the purpose 
 albeit itt was very ruinous & much cost bestowed respedlinge 
 his p''sent condicon in repaireinge & fittinge vp of the same 
 accordingly : And also whereas some of his Credito>'s haue of 
 their clemencie and gentle goodnes furnished him w"' Comodi- 
 ties apt for the mainteyning of an ordinary to the intent some 
 benefitt might redound towards the maintenance & liuelyhood 
 of his familie & reedifieinge of his ruined estate in case the same 
 may bee obteined : and that thereby wee may bee enabled to 
 
io6 Biographical Sketches. Armitage. 
 
 pay our debts, in regard of which the name of god now suffers. 
 May itt therefore please this Honored Assembly to 
 take the p'misses into tender consideracon & w"" 
 bowells of comiseracon to way the lowe estate of yo'' 
 Voted & said Peticonesse & her familie and to reconfirme the 
 Octob. 26th Custodie of the said Ordinarie to yo"" peticonesse 
 [1643] dudnge the winter season & further as shall seeme 
 good in yo' sight vpon the well demeano' of yo"" Peti- 
 conesse in the said place, &c. 
 
 %tyci&h' 
 
 ^Xc: 
 
 
 The foregoing is what will be referred to as " The Armitage 
 
Biographical Sketches. Armitage. 
 
 107 
 
 Robert : Bridges, 
 Richard walker, 
 Willm Cowdry, 
 Nathaniel! Handforth, 
 John Wood, 
 Thomas Laughton, 
 Boniface Burton, 
 Nicholas Browne, 
 Edward Baker, 
 Robert Massey, 
 John Gillowe, 
 John Ramsdalle, 
 
 Tim Tomlins, 
 William Longley, 
 Thomas Godson, 
 Henery Rodes, 
 Thomas Townsend, 
 Robert Driver, 
 Zachrie fitch, 
 
 Petition." Some of the autographs being rather obscure, we 
 give the names in letter-press, as follows — arranged very much 
 as they stand on the original petition — coupled with the remark 
 that most of the individuals will be found noticed in alphabetical 
 order in these pages of sketches. 
 
 Sa : Whiting. 
 Tho : Cobbett. 
 
 Edw : Holyoke, 
 Edward Tomlins, 
 Thomas marshall, 
 Georg keser, 
 John Dolitle, 
 frauncis Ligtfoote, 
 William king, 
 Robert persons, 
 Richard Johnson, 
 Thomas parker, 
 Phillip Kirtland, 
 James Axey, 
 Godphrey Armitage, 
 Henery Eeames. 
 
 The names of Robert Persons, Richard Johnson, Thomas 
 Parker, Philip Kirtland and James Axey look very much as 
 if written by the same hand. If they were, it could not have 
 been because the individuals did not know how to write but be- 
 cause it was more convenient to have some one else attach their 
 names. On the Colony Records, under date Sept. 7, 1643, is 
 the entry, " Goody Armitage is avowed to keepe the ordinary, 
 but not to draw wine." Upon the margin of the petition is seen 
 the memorandum, "Voted & granted Octob. 26th, [1643.]" 
 This is by a different hand, and was probably made at a subse- 
 quent session. The 1643 being in brackets denotes that it 
 may have been a considerably later insertion. The " clemencie 
 and gentle goodnes ," of some of Mr. Armitage's creditors, cer- 
 tainly indicate that he had friends, though under censure for 
 something not stated. 
 
 It has been remarked that Mr. Armitage, after his long and 
 laborious career, passed his latter years in poverty. This is 
 apparent by his curious petition, presented in 1669, for the pay- 
 ment of some trifling scores which certain colonial dignitaries 
 ran up at his tavern about twenty-five years before ; a specification 
 
io8 Biographical Sketches. Attwill. Axey. 
 
 of some of which charges may be found in our Annals, under date 
 1643. On his decease his estate was appraised at £^6 2s. 6d. 
 Other incidents in the career of this typical individual may be 
 found in the Annals of early dates. 
 
 Attwill, Theodore. Mr. Attwill died of Bright's disease, 
 December 9, 1880, in the 5 5 th year of his age. He was a native 
 of Lynn, .and for many years enjoyed a reputation for intelligence 
 and probity attained by few. The surname was not unknown 
 here before the beginning of century 1700, though there were 
 none of the kin among the first settlers. And there does not 
 seem to have been at any time a large number of the lineage 
 among us. The business of the subject of this sketch apper- 
 tained to the shoe-manufacture, and in it he was successful ; but 
 beyond that he had a decided literary taste, and was a constant 
 reader of the better class of books, and quite proficient in mathe- 
 matics and the languages. With Latin, Greek, French, Spanish, 
 and German, he was more or less familiar. His literary acquire- 
 ments were appreciated, and for fifteen years he was called to 
 serve as a member of the School Committee, and for a like term 
 as a trustee of the Free Public Library. He was a member 
 of the Common Council four years, during two of which he was 
 president ; and at the same time he filled various responsible 
 offices of a more private nature. In person Mr. Attwill was 
 of medium size and apparently possessed of a firm and healthy 
 constitution. His countenance was usually of rather a serious 
 cast ; but he had a vein of genuine humor which would not 
 unfrequently assert itself to the enjoyment of appreciative friends. 
 He built the fine residence on Essex street, at the jundlion 
 of High Rock avenue, and there he died, leaving a widow, one 
 son, and three daughters. 
 
 Axey, James — was one of the- first settlers, having appeared 
 here as early as 1630. He was a man of considerable importance 
 and possessed a fair estate for those times. He was a Repre- 
 sentative in 1654 ; and in 1657, was one of the committee 
 appointed to lay out Nahant in planting lots. Axey's Point 
 the site of the present gas-works, perpetuates Ji is name. 
 
 We are inclined to think that he had some share in domestic 
 
Biographical Sketches. Axey. 109 
 
 trials, to which so many are exposed through the infirmities 
 of our common nature ; yet there is no conclusive evidence that 
 he did not, on the whole, live as peacefully with Frances his 
 spouse as is the ordinary experience, though she does appear to 
 have had a wakeful eye for the main chance. Her vigilance, 
 alert to the last, is shown by certain depositions still on file 
 in Salem, concerning his attempts to make a will. When draw- 
 ing near his end, he proposed executing such an instrument ; 
 but her opposition prevailed, and he refrained. On his decease 
 she was appointed administratrix of his estate, but did not long 
 survive to enjoy any gain she possibly may have made by her 
 successful interference. He died June 7, 1669, and she a few 
 months after. 
 
 An extract or two from the quaint depositions filed in the case 
 will be sufficient to show that human nature has changed but 
 little since that time. Andrew Mansfield, aged about forty-nine 
 years, " Testifyeth y' In y= tyme of the sickness of James Axey : 
 I being severall tymes with him, one off which tymes was, to my 
 best memory, about three weeks before hee dyed, hee signifyde 
 his desyrd to make his will, his wife being present ; & hee began 
 to Declare his intent toward John Pearson, declareing hee would 
 leve him to have the greater Lott, and then his wife spoke as 
 houlding out to my understanding y' she would have him to make 
 noe will, saying can not you confide in me y' I will perform what 
 yeo mind is, but you will give awaye all. He answered I intend 
 to give nothing from you whilst you Live except some suche 
 legasye or Legasyees ; shee then replied hee might if he would 
 make his will, but [he] sayd I will not, you cannot consent to it ; 
 and I replyed it was an Apoynted of God to sett his house in 
 order, and instanced that of Hezekiah : sett thy house in order 
 for thou must dye, and did declare to him y' I hoped God would 
 guide him in soe doeing ; but she replying, hee alsoe replyed, 
 saying I can dispose of none of my estate, &c. ; and being 
 troubled, wee then got him to bed. ..." Joseph Rednap 
 and Samuel Johnson testified that " they Being att y^ house of 
 James Axey ten days before he dyed, the wife of James Axey 
 asked him, before us, what he ment by those words which he 
 spake the last night ; which was you said I bequeath my spirritt 
 to God and estate to John Pearson, and took him by the hand 
 
no Biographical Sketches. Bachelor. Baker. 
 
 and said, Love, is not your mind as it was formerly agreed 
 between you and I : and he said yes ; and he sed by my estate 
 to John Pearson I meane he should looke after it for you." Sam- 
 uel Tarbox testified that " beinge in the house of James Axey 
 about two nights before hee dyed and Nathaniell Kirkland and 
 John Pearson Was there the same time, and Nathaniel Kirkland 
 s'* to John Pearson, I marvell yoo do not Ask your maister how 
 hee hath disposed of his goods. And James Axey hearing their 
 discourse said, brother Kirkland I will satisfy /ou concerning 
 it ; I had thoughts to have made a will and to have disposed 
 of some things att my death, but my wife was not willinge, for 
 I would not cross her, but leave it to her." Mr. Kirkland added 
 that he did not remember the words " leave it to her." In an- 
 other deposition of Andrew Mansfield, which was given some- 
 time after the death of both Mr. ■ and Mrs. Axey, he says : 
 " being with James Axey in the time of his last sickness, which 
 was, to the best of my memory, aboute three weekes before his 
 death, his wife and Joseph Fiske being present, his wife oposing 
 the s"^ James Axey, her husband, in order to the making of his 
 will, according as in my first testimony which is in Court, the 
 said James Axey before his wife and Joseph Fiske solemlye Left 
 it with mee that if any should aske why hee did not make his 
 will I should tell y" hee would have done it but his wife would 
 not Let him, and I was then to have written it." See Annals, 
 1630 and other early dates. Mr. Axey's signature may be seen 
 appended to the Armitage Petition. 
 
 Bachelor, Rev. Stephen — first minister of the first church 
 in Lynn ; an active and prominent divine, but possessing such 
 eccentricities of chara6ler that his early removal became expedi- 
 ent. He was born in 1561, and lived to reach his hundredth 
 year. See Annals, 1632, 1636, and other early dates. 
 
 Baker, Christine — a maid and matron of various fortunes ; 
 an Indian captive ; a ward of the French Catholics, in Canada ; 
 a returned wanderer. See Annals, 1630. 
 
 Baker, Daniel C. — third Mayor of Lynn. See biographical 
 sketch, page 566 History of Lynn, 1865 edition. Also notice 
 
Biographical Sketches. Baker. Barker. Bassett. in 
 
 with portrait, page 151 Centennial Memorial. He died in New 
 Orleans, La., July 19, 1863, aged 46. A fac-simile of his signa- 
 ture follows. 
 
 Baker, Edward — ancestor of the numerous family of the 
 name hereabout. His autograph appears on the Armitage Peti- 
 tion. See Annals, 1630. 
 
 Barker, Dr. Charles O. — a reputable physician. He died 
 January 8, 1843, aged 41. His wife was a daughter of Rem- 
 brandt Peale, the celebrated painter. He left no children. See 
 Annals 1843. His residence was on Western avenue, near Mall 
 street. An amusing anecdote about his introduction to Dr. 
 Hazeltine may be found in our notice of the latter. 
 
 Bassett, William. Mr. Bassett died very suddenly on the 
 night of June 21, 1871, aged 68 years. He was a native of Lynn, 
 and well-known from having been much in public life. And for 
 his many virtues and kindly sympathies he was as widely re- 
 spected as known. At the time of his death he was cashier 
 of the First National Bank, and had filled that office for eighteen 
 years. He was quite a6tive and efficient in the labor of putting 
 the new municipal machinery into successful operation when the 
 City Charter was adopted, and for the first three years was City 
 Clerk, He was a zealous and intelligent laborer in the cause 
 of education and the moral and social reforms of the day, and in 
 early manhood sought by a6lual experience and observation to 
 determine the value of various " community " systems then ex- 
 isting ; for he was well convinced that the condition of our social 
 life might be greatly improved by some radical changes in the 
 domestic economy. Yet he did not appear to have had his 
 hopes verified, and returned to the home of his youth to remain 
 till the close of his life. Although bred in the orthodox Quaker 
 faith he became a Unitarian, and for a long period was a faithful 
 and useful member of the society here. Indeed he was faithful 
 
112 Biographical Sketches. Batchelder. Bennett. 
 
 and useful in every position he filled. He was patient in inves- 
 tigations, accurate in conclusions, and affable in manners ; a 
 good penman and careful recording officer. On the day of his 
 burial some of the principal business houses were closed in token 
 of respedl ; and though the weather was very inclement, a large 
 concourse attended. Some prominent persons from abroad were 
 present ; among them Wendell Phillips the orator and William 
 Lloyd Garrison the anti-slavery reformer. His remains were 
 interred in Pine Grove Cemetery, in the original laying out of 
 which he took an a61:ive part. In our Annals, under date 1640 
 may be found a genealogical sketch of the family A fac-simile 
 of his signature is here given. 
 
 Batchelder, Jacob — first principal of Lynn High School, 
 and for some years librarian of the Free Public Library. He 
 died December 17, 1876, aged 70 years. See Annals, 1876. 
 
 Bennett, Samuel. The name of this early settler is perpetu- 
 ated by the extensive swamp near our northern border. He was 
 a considerable real estate owner, many of his acres lying in the 
 vicinity of the ancient iron works, near which he resided. He 
 was one of the early members of the Ancient and Honorable 
 Artillery, in good circumstances, public spirited, and withal 
 possessed of considerable independence of chara6ter — a little 
 wilful, perhaps. In 1644 he was presented by the grand jury as 
 a " common sleeper in time of exercise," and fined two shillings 
 and sixpence. And for one or two other offences of equal enor- 
 mity he suffered punishment. He seems to have been once fined 
 for a breach of the law forbidding the sale of commodities at too 
 great a profit ; and on petitioning for a remittal of the fine 
 received this rebuff from the Court. It is found on the Colony 
 Records under date May 15, 1657. "In answer to the petition 
 of Samuell Bennett, humbly craving the remittment or abatement 
 of a fine imposed on him by the County Court, for selling goods 
 at excessive prizes,, the Court hauing pervsed, and by theire 
 comittee examined, the papers in the case presented, together 
 
Biographical Sketches. Bennett. 113 
 
 w* the allegations & pleas of the peticoner & others, by him 
 produced, vnderstanding, by what appeared, the peticoner re- 
 ceived of George Wallis about forty pounds or vpwards meerely 
 for the release of the bargaine made betwixt them, . . . see it 
 not meete to graunt the petition in whole or in part." Mr. Wal- 
 lis had also been fined " fivety pounds " for " selling goods at 
 excessive prizes," and petitioned for a remittal ; and the same 
 Court judged it "meete to remitt the fine all to tenn pounds ;" 
 which remittal was made in consideration of his being neces- 
 sitated " to be at the losse of about forty pounds or more to 
 attayne a release of the bargain betwixt him & Samuell Bennett." 
 It seems to have been what is vulgarly called a " game of sharps," 
 between Mr. Bennett and Mr. Wallis ; but the Court, while 
 endeavoring to render an equitable judgment, were not disposed 
 to see invaded the wholesome law forbidding the selling of goods 
 at exhorbitant prices. 
 
 There is a deposition of the noted Samuel Maverick of Nod- 
 dle's Island, as East Boston was called till within a comparatively 
 late period, touching a certain agreement of Mr. Bennett relative 
 to the marriage of his son, which has been quoted for one or twoi 
 purposes. It is as follows : " Samuel Maueric, aged 63 yeares 
 or thereabouts, deposeth that sometime last yeare, having some 
 speech w* Samuell Bqnnet, sen' of Lynn, as to a match intended 
 betweene his son Sam' Bennett, Jun' & a dau. of Capt. W" Har- 
 grave of Horsey doune. Mariner, The s^ Bennett, sen' did prom- 
 ise that if his sonne should marry w"" s'^ Hargraues dau. he would 
 make over to him the house he now Hues in with barns, stables,, 
 lands, &c. belonging to s^ farme & £,^0 of stock ; w* this proui'- 
 soe that s'* Bennet, Jun' should yearly pay his father during his 
 life ;^20 if he needed it or demanded it ; and to the best of my 
 remembrance he wrote so much to Capt. Hargraue. H'e also 
 tyed his sonne not to alienate the premises w"'out his consent 
 dureing his life. Thus much he testifieth, and further saith not. 
 Boston, Dec' 7* 1665. Taken upon oath the 8* Dec. 1665-. 
 Samuell Maverike. Before Thomas Clarke, Commiss." 
 
 Various facts of interest concerning Mr. Bennett may be 
 found recorded in Annals, running on from date 1630. Few 
 of the settlers within our borders were better adapted to keep 
 things in lively trim than Mr. Bennett. „ 
 
114 Biographical Sjcetches. Blanchard. 
 
 Blanchard, Amos. Master Blanchard, as he was always 
 called, was for some ten years teacher of the western district 
 school, and the house in which he taught was a small square 
 one- story wooden building, with hipped roof and unoccupied 
 belfry, standing near the latitudinal centre of the west end of the 
 Common, within a stone's throw of the eastern end of Healey's 
 Arcade. The pay of common school teachers, in those days, was 
 meagre, not often, in country places, exceeding a dollar a day ; 
 and Master Blanchard, having a wife and twelve children to 
 provide for, at times found it extremely hard rubbing. But in 
 addition to his day school he received from minor auxiliary 
 employments a little help. He taught a private evening school 
 at different seasons ; from his skill in penmanship, for he wrote 
 a beautiful hand, he derived something ; from the exercise of his 
 musical talents he received a pittance ; and his " grateful coun- 
 try," in return for his services as a fifer in the revolutionary 
 army granted him a small pension. Nevertheless, he lived and 
 died a poor man — poor in purse only, however ; for he was rich 
 in the respe6l of his fellow townsmen. The pay for " literary 
 services," to use a favorite expression of his, was at that time small, 
 as just remarked, and having before us at this moment a re- 
 ceipted bill of his that shows something of his prices, there 
 seems, no objection to inserting it just as it stands : 
 
 "1 82 1. M^ Benj a Newhall, To A. Blanchard, D' 
 
 To the Instrudlion of your son, 6 weeks, i 20 
 
 To the Instrucftion of your Daughter, 30 
 
 I so 
 Sep' Rec'^ payment, Amos Blanchard." 
 
 The barbarous old laws allowing indiscriminate imprisonment 
 for debt were then in force, and it is not remarkable that a man 
 circumstanced as Master Blanchard was should once in a while 
 find it necessary to procure a substitute to take his place in the 
 school, for thirty or sixty days. But he bore his misfortunes 
 with complacency and never yielded to the misanthropic mood. 
 In music he always found a solace, and upon its wings his spirits 
 could rise in the darkest hour. He was one of the most accom- 
 plished musicians ever resident hereabout, and composed several 
 pieces which took rank among the approved compositions of the 
 
Biographical Sketches. Blanchard. 115 
 
 day. He led the singing at the Old Tunneli from 181 1 to 1824, 
 and played the bass-viol with an un(5tion that was inspiring. 
 With the doftrines taught in that venerable sanftuary he was in 
 full accord and did all in his power to advance both the tem- 
 poral and spiritual interests of the society. In some of her 
 darkest hours his hopeful voice was raised. 
 
 For a few years before the date of the above receipt, 182 1, 
 the writer attended his day school, and with a recolle(5tion of the 
 routine of study comes a feeling remembrance of the -discipline. 
 The rod was not spared, in those days, though Master Blanchard 
 was not given to its severe use. But yet, when in the morning 
 he announced that any boy who misbehaved during the day 
 would be " made an example of," we all felt that there would be 
 squalls before night, and our forebodings seldom failed of being 
 realised. Reading, spelling, defining, writing, ciphering and a 
 little grammar were taught ; and there were other important 
 things impressed upon us which seem to be too much neglected 
 in the schools of the present day ; namely, good manners, and 
 correft deportment, as well out of school as in, as well in the 
 street as in the parlor ; and especially was respeft for superi- 
 ors in age inculcated. 
 
 Master Blanchard at one time lived in the old Merry house, 
 which stood on the north side of Boston street, nearly opposite 
 the foot of Mall. And in fancy the writer can at this moment 
 see him, of a balmy summer morning, wending his way towards 
 the scene of his scholastic labors, his whole air expressive of the 
 combined dignity of classic and musical erudition, his long, light 
 calico gown swaying in the . breeze as proudly as if it were 
 a Roman toga investing some grave senator. 
 
 As before remarked. Master Blanchard was the father of 
 twelve children, ten of whom came with him when he removed 
 hither from Exeter, N. H., in 181 1. The other two were born 
 here. His daughter Levina became the wife of John Lovejoy, 
 for many years a successful morocco manufafturer and resident 
 of Market street, whose descendants remain. 
 
 Such men as Master Blanchard" leave an enduring impress 
 upon a community. The influence of the good principles he 
 enforced — for besides the routine of study, he usually devoted an 
 hour or two every week to ledluring us on morals, manners, or 
 
ii6 Biographical Sketches. Bowler. Boyce. Breed. 
 
 some didaftic subjeft, closing with a fervent prayer — has not 
 ceased to this day, either in this community or in many other 
 fields to which his restless flocks became scattered. Yet, his 
 was not what would be called a pronounced chara6ler, but 
 one of those we are apt to speak of as "non-committal." In 
 discussion he did not like to offend, and hence did not, on many 
 occasions, press his views with a vigor commensurate with their 
 value. In manners he was genial, in habits social, in morals 
 stridl. He' was intelligent, and ready and interesting in conver- 
 sation but not much given to humorous diversions. He died on 
 the 2Sth of May, 1842, at the age of 78 years. 
 
 Bowler, Thomas. Mr. Bowler was born in Lynn, on the 3d 
 of January, 1786, and died July 22, 1867. He led an unostenta- 
 tious life, and no one stood higher as a consistent Christian than 
 he. Adhering to the earlier Methodist views and usages, he 
 often saw cause to lament over the worldly tendencies of many 
 of the faith, especially the young, particularly in matters of dress, 
 amusements and display. In 1831, when the anti-masonic party, 
 of which he early became an adherent, gained the ascendancy in 
 Lynn, he was ele6led Town Clerk, and held the office sixteen 
 years. His records were kept in a careful and neat manner, and 
 those of us who remember him in his official capacity can bear 
 testimony to his accuracy, uniform courtesy, patience, and dispo- 
 sition to oblige. His manners were gentle, his voice low, and his 
 aspedl subdued ; but his spirit was far from cringing. He was 
 married in 1807, and became the father of eleven children, none 
 of whom, with one or two exceptions, lived beyond middle life. 
 
 Boyce, William S. — president of the First National Bank — 
 died August 27, 1873, aged 63. See Annals, 1873. 
 
 Breed, Allen — ancestor of our fifth and ninth Mayors. 
 " Breed's End " took its name from him. The surname was in 
 old times spelled Bread. See Annals, 1630 and other early 
 dates. A fac-simile of his signature is appended. 
 
 /l^^(^^J^ 
 
Biographical Sketches. Breed. 117 
 
 Breed, Andrews — was the fifth Mayor of Lynn. He died 
 in Lancaster, Mass., April 21, 1 881, at the age of 86 years ; and 
 as a notice of him, with a portrait, may be found in our Centen- 
 nial Memorial, little need be said here. But of one or two of his 
 ancestors, not elsewhere under notice, a word may properly be 
 said. 
 
 His father, who bore the same christian name was keeper 
 of Lynn Hotel, at the west end of the Common, for a number 
 of years onward from 1813 ; and under his supervision the house 
 attained an enviable reputation, especially for the excellence 
 of its table and the promptness with which the largest demands 
 of guests could be met. He was a very stirring man, and recog- 
 nised by every one in the streets, as he sallied forth on his 
 brawny roadster, in his yellow top boots and coat of sporting 
 cut. In addition to his large business at the Hotel he did a 
 good deal of farming, and many of us can well remember the jolly 
 husking parties which in autumn assembled at his bidding to 
 divest the yellow ears of their rustling robes, and at evening 
 receive their reward at Ithe banquet of baked beans and Indian 
 pudding, with relays of apples and cider. He was not a man 
 who could pass noiselessly through the world, or who could yield 
 much to what he deemed the unreasonable demands of those 
 about him ; in. short, he was of what is called an arbitrary dispo- 
 sition, rather boisterous in language, and stridl in his require- 
 ments of those in service under him. No lazy man's excuses 
 weighed with him. Among his enterprises was the laying out. 
 of Centre street. He was a descendant of Allen Breed, the early 
 settler who was father of the Breed family of Lynn. 
 
 Then there was the long celebrated " Madam Breed," grand- 
 mother of Mayor Andrews. She kept a school for very young 
 pupils, on Water Hill, at the moderate charge for each of nine- 
 pence a week — a ninepence being the Spanish real, of the value 
 of twelve and a half cents. There was at that time very little 
 silver of American coinage in circulation. Spanish pistareens, 
 reals and half-reals constituted almost the whole change we had. 
 Madam Breed was of such queenly dignity that it was said she 
 would not allow even her own children to be seated in her pres- 
 ence without permission. Where she would have ranked had 
 the " Woman's Rights " question been agitated in her day it is 
 
ii8 Biographical Sketches. Breed. 
 
 not easy to determine. But she was a good woman, though her 
 education was hardly sufficient to answer the demands for a 
 modern high school position ; yet her pra6tical view of the duties 
 of life and conception of the dignity of the female chara6ler emi- 
 nently fitted her for the guidance of susceptible girlhood. Over 
 her little subjedls in the school room she had good control, and 
 inspired in them a wholesome fear of the tingling little rod that 
 lay menacingly on her table. But it seems as if her usefulness 
 would have been greater in a higher sphere and among more 
 mature minds. She loved children : and the writer has special 
 cause for grateful remembrance of her ; for upon a certain Sun- 
 day morning, while posted on his accustomed seat in the Old 
 Tunnel Meeting-house, he was startled by a sudden punch in 
 the back, and on turning about beheld, thrust through the little 
 creaking balustrade that adorned the pew, the hand of the venera- 
 ble dame, displaying to his astonished gaze sundry yellow and 
 rfid sugar-plums. His wonder at the condescension was so stu- 
 pefying that he did not venture to seize the prize till a gracious 
 nod assured that it was intended for him. And it is well remem- 
 bered that more satisfadlion was felt at the honor of the bestowal 
 and On being referred to by his juvenile companions as "the 
 fellow" to whom Madam gave the sugar-plums, than in the 
 legitimate use of the gift. 
 
 As elsewhere remarked, the Breed family is one of the largest 
 and most respe6lable among us, as it is one of the most ancient. 
 Mayor Andrews Breed was a man of medium size, eredt, well- 
 proportioned, and a6live in his movements even after he had 
 reached the age of eighty years. A fac-simile of his autograph 
 is here given. 
 
 Breed, Dr. Bowman B. Doctor Breed died on the i6th of 
 December, 1873, of Bright's disease of the kidneys. He was bom 
 in Lynn, February 29, 1832, and was a son of Hon. Isaiah Breed. 
 After pursuing his elementary studies in Phillips Academy, . 
 Andover, he entered Amherst college, in 1853, and continued to 
 maintain a creditable rank in scholarship till he graduated. He 
 
Biographical Sketches. Breed. 119 
 
 then chose the profession of medicine, and after a course of study 
 here, visited Europe for study and travel. On his return he 
 commenced pra6lice in Lynn, continuing till the war of the 
 Rebellion broke out, at which time he joined the Eighth Massa- 
 chusetts Regiment, as surgeon. Subsequently he was put in 
 charge of government hospitals and sanitary establishments in 
 several places, and throughout his term of service acquitted him- 
 self with fidelity and success. After the close of the war he was 
 appointed Surgeon of the Military Asylum at Augusta, Me., and 
 there continued till the destru6lion of the place by fire. After 
 that he resumed pradlice in Lynn ; but though skillful and de- 
 voted his health was such that he could not apply himself with 
 the constancy necessary for the building up of an extensive 
 business. He finally relinquished his profession, and for a year 
 and a half was co-editor and proprietor of the Reporter newspaper. 
 He was a member of the City Council for several years, and a 
 Representative in the General Court. As a member of the 
 School Committee, likewise, he was attentive and efficient. In 
 short, he took commendable interest and discreet a6lion in all 
 that seemed most conducive to the highest good of his native 
 place. Being a member of several organizations, benevolent, 
 professional, and military, his funeral was attended by large 
 numbers who had become attached by brotherly and social ties. 
 By the City Council his decease was noticed in a manner that 
 showed his loss to be regarded as a public calamity. 
 
 Dr. Breed married Hannah Pope, October 20, 1859, ^ii'^ by 
 her had six children. 
 
 Breed, Ebenezer. A biographical sketch of this individual, 
 popularly known as " Uncle Eben," whose marvelous good fortune 
 at one period and distressingly adverse circumstances at another, 
 have furnished many an impressive lesson, is given in the 1865 
 edition of the History of Lynn. He died in the almshouse, in 1839. 
 The following is a fac-simile of his signature, at the age of 31. 
 
 —^/y 
 
I20 Biographical Sketches. Breed. Bridges. 
 
 Breed, Hiram N. — the ninth Mayor of Lynn — is another 
 creditable representative of the extensive family who trace their 
 pedigree to the early settler, Allen Breed. A notice of him, with 
 a portrait, may be found in the Centennial Memorial. He was 
 born on the 2d of September, 1809, and is still, 1881, in active 
 life. A fac-simile of his signature follows. 
 
 ^^-^-^^€^<Xf^ ^» y^-r 
 
 Breed, Isaiah — was for many years an active business man, 
 in the shoe-manufa6luring line, and likewise took much interest 
 in public affairs. He was one of the principal founders of the 
 Central Congregational Society, and one of its chief supporters 
 for a number of years. A brief biographical sketch of him may 
 be found in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, page 541. 
 He was born in 1786 and died in 1859. 
 
 Bridges, Robert. Mr. Bridges — or Captain Bridges, as he 
 was usually called — because of his having been, as one may say, 
 the father of the first iron works in America, if for no other reason, 
 should be held in remembrance. It was in 1642 that he took 
 specimens of the bog ore found in Lynn, to London, and suc- 
 ceeded in forming a company which soon after commenced 
 operations here, eredling a bloomary and forge, the site of which 
 is still shown by the " cinder banks," or heaps of scoria on the • 
 margin of Saugus river, in the vicinity of Pranker's mill. And 
 although to its projeftors the enterprise did not prove pecuniarily 
 successful, it cannot be doubted that the result was of great and 
 lasting benefit to the country, at large, for it drew hither some 
 of the most skillful workers in iron that England had produced, 
 several of whom, even before the attempt had been abandoned, 
 removed to other settlements and established works which under 
 better management were highly successful, and added immensely 
 to the general prosperity of the country. And it is a noteworthy 
 fa6l that descendants of some of the operatives at these Lynn 
 works, are at this day found among the leaders of the great iron 
 trade of America. The iron turned out from the Lynn works 
 was considered of very good quality, and it had a ready sale ; 
 
Biographical Sketches. Bridges. 121 
 
 but the company was almost ceaselessly engaged in law-suits ; 
 which was enough to ruin any incipient enterprise. 
 
 The residence of Captain Bridges was in the vicinity of the 
 works ; and Edward Johnson, in his " Wonder Working Provi- 
 dence," says " He was endued with able parts, and forward to 
 improve them to the glory of God and his people." And there 
 is abundant evidence, from other sources, that his principles 
 were of rigid puritanical stamp. He was an a6ling magistrate, 
 and in that capacity did not always allow the kindlier sympathies 
 to prevail when those brought before him dared to enunciate 
 sentiments adverse to the prevailing faith or to question the 
 authority of those appointed to guard against innovations. It 
 was he who, in 165 1, granted the warrants for the arrest of Clarke, 
 Crandall and Holmes, the Baptist missionaries from Rhode 
 Island, concerning whose advent here, an account may be found 
 in our Annals, under the date just named. And in the Essex 
 County files may be found the following record of his official 
 adtion in the case of Thomas Wheeler, who appears to have been 
 a man of charadler and some estate, and of whom a brief notice 
 may be found in its alphabetical order in these pages : " 4th mo. 
 1654. Thomas Wheeler, bound over to the Court by the wor- 
 shipful Captain Bridges for sinful and offensive speeches made 
 by him in coniparing the Rev. Mr. Cobbet to Corah. It being 
 proved by three witnesses, sentence of Court is, that he shall 
 make public acknowledgment upon the Lord's day, sometime 
 within a month after the date hereof, according to this form 
 following, and pay the three witnesses £,\2 2s. 6d. and fees of 
 Court : [I, Thomas Wheeler, having spoken at a town meeting 
 in February last, evil, sinful, and offensive speeches against the 
 Reverend Teacher, Mr. Cobbet, in- comparing him unto Corah, 
 for which I am very sorry, do acknowledge this my evil, to the 
 glory and praise of God and to my own shame ; and hope, for 
 time to come, shall be more careful.] The constable of Lynn is 
 to see it performed." Mr. Cobbet, it need not be added, was the 
 colleague of Rev. Mr. Whiting in the ministry of the First 
 Church ; and the offensive words were probably spoken by Mr. 
 Wheeler, in a heated town meeting debate, the ministers at that 
 time being paid by the town, and the pastorate being regarded, 
 in several particulars, as a town office. 
 
122 Biographical Sketches. Bridges. 
 
 It was in 1649 that the energetic protest against the wearing 
 of long hair, " after the manner of ruffians and barbarous Indians," 
 was promulgated, signed by the Governor and Assistants, of 
 whom Captain Bridges was one. But the antipathy to the wear- 
 ing of long hair, existing in those days, had a deeper significance 
 than at first appears — a political tinge, indeed. In Cromwellian 
 times, say for twenty years onward from 1640, the English roy- 
 alists, cavaliers and high churchmen, delighted in " bravery of 
 dress," and in long curling locks, while the puritans and par- 
 liamentarians were distinguished by their round hats and by 
 their hair " cut round according to a cup." This perhaps suffi- 
 ciently hints at a reason for the singular protest. But the 
 antipathy began to manifest itself even before the time named. By 
 the Salem records, "21"" of the 6* month, 1637," it appears that 
 John Gatshell of Marblehead was fined ten shillings, to be paid 
 in two months, for building on the town's land without leave ; 
 but the proviso was added, that " in case he shall cut off his long 
 hair of his head into a civil frame, in the mean time," five shillings 
 of the fine should be abated. It is said, however, that he refused 
 to be shorn of his darling locks. 
 
 That Captain Bridges was a man of high charadter and very 
 considerable attainment cannot be doubted. As a military officer 
 he was in good repute ; as a diplomatist he was ^entrusted with 
 important negotiations ; as a legislator he was for many years 
 a6live in the public service, for ten years filling the responsible 
 office of Assistant. In 1644 and '45 he was a Representative, 
 and in 1646, Speaker of the House. 
 
 His curious deposition in the case of Taylor against King, so 
 well exhibits the simplicity and some of the peculiar customs 
 of the times, that it seems well to introduce it here, with the prefa- 
 tory remark that the adlion was one brought to recover damages 
 for the goring to death of the plaintiff's mare by the defendant's 
 bull ; and Captain Bridges was a witness as to the vicious char- 
 after of the bull. He says : " . . . myself being on horse- 
 back with my wyfe behinde me, y' s"^ Bull stood in the high way 
 as I was riding a Longe. When I came up to the Bull, not 
 knowing whos beast it was, neither thinking of any opposition, I 
 struck at the bull, w'h my stick, to put him out of the way; 
 ymediately y^ bull made att my mare, and placed his home vpon 
 
Biographical Sketches. Bridges. 123 
 
 her shoulder, and had well nigh overthrone both the mare and 
 her riders ; and although I endeavored to shunne y" bull,, yet he 
 still so prest vpon mee y* I cannot but conceave had not the 
 neareman bin att hand to beat him off that some hurt had bin 
 done, either to o'selves or my mare, or both ; but gods good 
 hand better provided." 
 
 Captain Bridges was a member of the Ancient and Honorable 
 Artillery, having joined in 1641. And in the codicil to the will 
 of Robert Keayne, the eminent Boston merchant and first com- 
 mander of that now historic corps, dated Dec. 28, 1653, this 
 item appears : " I have forgott one Loveing Couple more that 
 came not to my mind till I was shutting vp ; that is. Cap' 
 Bridges and wife, to whom I give forty shillings." 
 
 The foregoing is sufficient for a glimpse at various points in 
 the charadler and career of one of the devoted men who so faith- 
 fully labored in laying the foundations of the social fabric which 
 has become our inheritance — men honest, religious, persevering, 
 hopeful, and brave. Yet it must be admitted that Capt. Bridges 
 was not of a specially genial disposition ; nor could he have been 
 very popular in some of his relations. He had hard points 
 of charafler ; was arbitrary, exacting, unyielding, in the smaller 
 concerns of daily intercourse, and perhaps not sufficiently regard- 
 ful of the minor rights of those about him ; for we all love to 
 have our rights respected even when they are of little value. 
 In those days of difficulty and doubt minds were trained to meet 
 the trials of life with a fortitude that amounted to heroism. In- 
 deed, it was a favorite idea, that the afflidlions men were called 
 to endure were disciplinary ; that souls were purified by such 
 means. This, however, was probably quite as much theoretical 
 as otherwise, for the best of us would prefer to secure by obser- 
 vation rather than experience, the good that might be derived 
 from pain and suffering. 
 
 In our Annals of early dates may be found many fadls concern- 
 ing Captain Bridges not here alluded to. The Petition of Dame 
 Armitage, presented in 1643, for license to keep the tavern, 
 established by her husband in the westerly part of Lynn, as before 
 remarked, was, no doubt, written by him. He was a remarkably 
 good penman ; and his name is conspicuous among the signers, 
 as may be seen by reference to page 106. 
 
124 Biographical Sketches. Brimblecom. Brown. Bubier. 
 
 Brimblecom, Col. Samuel — an early and enterprising shoe- 
 manufadlurer, public spirited, intelligent, and of genial manners. 
 He was an admirer of the works of some of the old English 
 writers and of the poets of later date, especially delighting in the 
 writings of Pope, from which he was accustomed often to quote. 
 He lived on Western avenue near Franklin street, and died April 
 24, 1850, aged 8i. See Annals, 1850. Brimblecom street, which 
 after his decease was cut through a field belonging to the home- 
 stead estate, took its name from him. 
 
 Brown, Goold — a famous grammarian and author — lived on 
 South Common street, and died March 31, 1857, aged 65. See 
 Annals, 1857. 
 
 Busier, Samuel M. — was the fifteenth Mayor of Lynn, 
 He was twice ele6ted to the office, his inaugurations taking 
 place on the first of January, 1877 and the seventh of January, 
 1878. He is a native of Lynn, and was born in the Col. Mans- 
 field house on Strawberry avenue, on the 23d of June, 1816. 
 His whole business life has been conne6led with the shoe trade ; 
 and he was a manufaflurer for forty years, a considerable part 
 of the time on quite a large scale. Few persons of his generation 
 have done more to advance our staple industry than he, as he 
 has ever held himself in readiness to introduce new and improved 
 machinery, and to adopt any plan calculated to advance the 
 interests of the trade. Some of the finest business buildings in 
 the city were ere6led by him, and he has long been regarded 
 as an enterprising, faithful, and meritorious citizen. On the 
 30th of October, 1 844, he married Miss Mary W. Todd, of Tops- 
 field, Mass., and became the father of three sons and one 
 daughter. Mr. Bubier, during the last few years, has gradually 
 withdrawn from a6tive business. A fac-simile of his signature is 
 here given. 
 
 BuFFUM, James N. Mr. Buffum was our twelfth Mayor, and 
 twice elected to the office. His first inauguration took place 
 on the 4th of January, 1869, and his second on the ist of January, 
 
Biographical Sketches. Buffum. Burrill. 125 
 
 1872. He was born in North Berwick, Me., May 16, 1807, and 
 his wife was a daughter of Dr. John Lummus of Lynn. A bio- 
 graphical sketch, with a portrait, may be found in the Centennial 
 Memorial, and a fac-simile of his autograph is hereto appended. 
 
 Buffum, Jonathan. Mr. Buffum was for many years promi- 
 nent in public life and adtive in business. He was intelligent, 
 and in his opinions firm to the verge of obstinacy. He had keen 
 sympathies for the oppressed, and in the anti-slavery cause was 
 a zealous worker. He lived on Union street, opposite the head 
 of Washington, and died June 22, 1868, aged 74. See Annals, 
 1868. 
 
 Burrill, Hon. Ebenezer — a Crown Counsellor, and other- 
 wise conspicuous, in provincial times. He lived in Swampscott ; 
 was born in 1679 and died in 1761. A biographical notice, with 
 some account of the Burrill family, may be found in the 1865 
 edition of the History of Lynn, page 492, et seq. 
 
 Burrill, George — one of the first settlers, and head of the 
 family once called the royal family of Lynn. He lived on the 
 western slope of Tower Hill. See Annals, 1630. A fac-simile 
 of his autograph follows. 
 
 0"T 
 
 Burrill, Hon. John — a Representative for some twenty 
 years, and Speaker of the House ten years. He was highly 
 respected by his associates, and extolled for his ability as a 
 presiding officer. He lived at Tower Hill ; was born in 1658 
 and died in 172 1. A biographical sketch appears in the 1865 
 
126 Biographical Sketches. Burton. Games. Chadwell. 
 
 edition of the History of Lynn. He was a good penman, as the 
 fac-simile of his signature here given shows. 
 
 Horn (Sarri^ 
 
 Burton, Boniface. This somewhat noted individual died on 
 the 13th of June, 1669, at the age of 113 or 115 years as has 
 been repeatedly asserted. But it is claimed by others that he 
 died at about the age of 90. His autograph appears among 
 those attached to the Armitage Petition, page 106. There was 
 a propensity in early times to overstate the ages of elderly people ; 
 yet we find no conclusive evidence that Mr. Burton's years were 
 not as many as the largest number claimed. See Annals, 1630. 
 
 Carnes, Rev. John — minister, magistrate, and politician. 
 'Squire Carnes, as he was called, lived on Boston street ; and 
 Carnes street, which was opened through land belonging to his 
 estate, perpetuates his name. His dwelling was of wood, two 
 stories in height, and stood where the last named street enters 
 Boston street. A couple of enormous buttonwoods, looking as 
 if reared for gate posts, stood in front. It was once a somewhat 
 pretentious residence ; but in its last years was shabby, and, 
 presented anything but an inviting appearance. He died on the 
 26th of Odlober 1802, aged 78. See Annals, 1802. 
 
 Chadwell, Thomas. The Chadwell family is one of the oldest 
 in Lynn, and has always had prominent and worthy members. 
 Thomas, the above-named, was here as early as 1630, and settled 
 as a farmer in the sedtion known as Breed's End. There was 
 also a Richard Chadwell here, in 1636; but the next year he 
 went off with the Sandwich settlers. See Annals, 1630. 
 
 Lieutenant Harris Chadwell of the Revolution was a descend- 
 ant of Thomas. So also was the late William Chadwell, for many 
 years deputy sheriff of the county ; an officer in many respefts 
 well qualified for the performance of his often disagreeable duties. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Chadwell. 127 
 
 He was convivial in his habits, a6live and mirthful. After his 
 retirement from the office of sheriff he was for a time ticket-master 
 at the Central Depot ; and it was while he held this position 
 that the depot safe was blown open and robbed, during a thunder 
 storm, on the night of May 6, 1848. He was rather a strong 
 political partisan ; took an adlive interest in town affairs ; and 
 with many became unpopular by the ardor with which he op- 
 posed the anti-masonic movement. He was a member of the 
 craft, and quite as zealous as discreet. But he was far from 
 being deficient in good points of charadter ; was companionable 
 and unselfish ; and as an officer, willing to exercise a reasonable 
 degree of forbearance. 
 
 A vein of eccentricity seems to have cropped out here and 
 there in the line, in former years, though we never heard of its 
 assuming an offensive character. We remember one of the 
 family who some sixty-five, years ago was a hard working man, 
 laboring somewhat at rough farming and in winter, when the 
 swamps were frozen, cutting and teaming wood. He was long 
 marked for his amusing vagaries of speech ; especially for the 
 curious discourses to his cattle as they jogged along their 
 weary way. He would make the most extravagant promises to 
 them as to the quality and amount of fodder they shoi;ld receive 
 in return for putting forth a little extra exertion. " Come, now, 
 my friend, you off-ox, put in a little more of the tug and let us 
 get home before sun-down, for it will be a dark night. You shall 
 have a good supper of English hay ; we '11 put off the old cow 
 with salt hay rations ; come, another strong pull and we '11 be over 
 these hubbies ; and you, old horse, you know where I keep the 
 corn and oats, and if you '11 get us home by supper time, you 
 shall have your fill, if it takes ten bushels and a half It is 
 meeting night, you know, and I want to be in my place. Come, 
 come, now let us try that quick step. We '11 haul up at the 
 Major's corner, a spell, and you can rest while I go in and get 
 a little something warming ; your treat will come when we get 
 home." With such discourse, uttered in a voice so loud that 
 the passer-by might conclude that he thought his animals deaf, 
 was the tedium of the way beguiled by the kindly teamster, he 
 really appearing, by his earnestness, to fancy that his cattle fully 
 understood his proposals and promises ; and what is quite as 
 
128 Biographical Sketches. Lfiase. 
 
 remarkable they seemed to have some comprehension of his 
 meaning and be willing to exert themselves to merit his favor. 
 It was Bayard Taylor, if we rightly remember, who claimed that 
 there are minds which can establish intelligent communication 
 with lower animals. Perhaps there are, and that this Mr. Chad- 
 well's was one of them. 
 
 Chase, Hezekiah. Mr. Chase was for many years a well- 
 known and highly respedled resident ; was first president of the 
 Nahant Bank, and long identified with the business enterprises 
 of the day. His residence was on Western avenue, near the 
 Summer street crossing ; and the grist, spice, and coffee mills, 
 in that vicinity, so long known as Chase's mills, were owned by 
 him, and from him took their name. His death, which occurred 
 on the 26th of March, 1865, was occasioned by injuries received 
 on being thrown down by a sudden jerk of the cars as they 
 started from the West Lynn depot. His age was 72, and he was 
 a native of Plaistow, N. H. 
 
 Chase, John. Mr. Chase, at the time of his decease, was one 
 of the few remaining old-time shoemakers, and had little pra6lical 
 knowledge of the recent improvements in the mode of manufac- 
 ture, as well as little taste for them. At the age of twelve, in 
 accordance with the custom of the time, he finished his schoohng 
 and was put upon the shoemaker's seat. And upon that seat he 
 worked for seventy years, using the same lap-stone and several 
 of the same tools, for that long period. How many feet his 
 labors must have helped to clothe during those many years, we 
 need not pause to calculate. He was an intelligent, worthy man, 
 adtive in politics, and among the early advocates of the abolition 
 of slavery. For thirty years he was a member of the First 
 Methodist church. The old seat on which he worked and some 
 of his tools have been preserved as relics that will be appreciated 
 by curious inquirers into the earlier history of the great manu- 
 fafture of New England. He died on the 2d of Odtober, 1876, 
 aged 83 years. 
 
 Chase, Rev. Stephen — minister of the Lynnfield parish some 
 twenty-four years. See Annals, 1755. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Checver. Childs. Clapp. 129 
 
 Cheever, Rev. Edward — first minister of Saugus parish. 
 See Annals, 1747. 
 
 Childs, Amariah — manufa6lurer of a famous kind of choco- 
 late. His mill was on Saugus river, at the Boston street crossing, 
 and his residence on Boston street, nearly opposite Bridge. He 
 died January 21, 1846, aged 80. See Annals, 1846. 
 
 Clapp, Henry — known during the latter years of his life as 
 the "King of the Bohemians." He made his appearance in 
 Lynn, in or about 1847, and while here kept up a pretty lively 
 agitation on some of the reformatory questions of the day. He 
 was a man of undoubted ability and good education, terse and 
 bold as a writer, and eloquent as a speaker ; but his utterances 
 were often too reckless and extravagant to have the desired effedl.. 
 He was editor of the Pioneer, a weekly newspaper, of whichi 
 Christopher Robinson, a well-known shoe-manufadturer was pro- 
 prietor, and of whom Mr. Clapp was a sort of protege. In his 
 editorials were many striking and valuable ideas, but far too 
 often there was a lurking venom or pungency of expression that 
 overshot the mark and destroyed the good effeft. 
 
 Mr. Clapp died in New York, early in 1875, and the newspa- 
 pers here and abroad had much to say about his erratic chara6ter 
 and career. It was he who said of Horace Greeley, that " he 
 was a self-made man, and worshiped his maker." His literary 
 efforts were chiefly confined to the newspapers, though the mag- 
 azines were occasionally enriched by his articles. In the fifteenth 
 volume of Harper's Magazine may be found a paper of his enti- 
 tled " How I came to be Married," and in the sixteenth volume 
 another, entitled " Love Experience of an Impressible Man." 
 The latter volume also contains a poem of his entitled " My 
 Illusions Spare," which is far above the average of magazine 
 poetry, and may yet be garnered up as one of America's literary 
 jewels. 
 
 The following, which appeared in a Boston publication soon 
 after the decease of Mr. Clapp, furnishes a comprehensive glimpse 
 of him and the class to which he belonged. 
 
 With the death of Henry Clapp, long known as the " King of the Bohemians," 
 fades the memory of one of the most peculiar cliques of roystering literary charafters 
 
 9 
 
130 Biographical Sketches. Clapp. 
 
 ever known. Not long ago Ada Clare, the "Queen of Bohemia," died a viftim 
 of that strange malady, hydrophobia, and the rest of the colony that once met at 
 Pfaff's beer saloon, on Broadway, to enliven the midnight hour with songs and jokes 
 and reckless repartee, are either dead or dispersed, or turned respeiSable. The 
 most brilliant lights went out some years ago, when George Arnold and Fitz James 
 O'Brien died, and Clapp retired from the Bohemian throne. Others are still living, 
 but the haunts that once knew them know them no more. There is Walt Whitman, 
 a confirmed invalid ; " Doestick'' still lives, but the unftion of his humor has passed 
 with the increasing obesity of his body ; Ned House is in Japan, connefted with the 
 educational department of the government ; and Willie Winter has subsided into a 
 taciturn and sedate, though bright and vigorous critic. There were women in Bohe- 
 mia besides Ada Clare. There was Jenny Danforth, who is dead, or in obscurity 
 almost as complete as death ; Dora Shaw, who claimed the authorship of " Beautiful 
 Snow," but could not maintain the doubtful honor ; and Mary Fox, still lively and 
 sharp-witted, the " M. H. B." of the St. Louis Republican. But then Bohemia is 
 completely dead, though there are Bohemians enough of a straggling sort in Gotham 
 yet, God wot. But the Bohemia over which Clapp- presided, the bright, witty and 
 wicked circle of writers in the basement beer saloon, whose quips and cranks were 
 as sparkling and as evanescent as the foam on their glasses, is a thing of the past. 
 It required a peculiar genius to call together and keep together such a company, 
 and its existence and its opportunity are not likely to occur again in the present 
 generation. 
 
 The life of Henry Clapp was a strange one. He was born in Nantucket, and in 
 his early life was a sailor. Afterwards he appeared as a temperance lefturer and an 
 ardent advocate of the abolition of slavery, travelling extensively in the cause 
 of reform. He was for some time in Paris, and after his return he made translations 
 of some of the prominent socialistic works of Fourier. His first journalistic expe- 
 rience was in editing an anti-slavery paper in Lynn, but he was best known as the 
 founder of the " Saturday Press," and "Vanity Fair," in New York. Both of these 
 were too bright and too impracticable to last. Many of the brightest of the Bohemi- 
 ans were contributors to Vanity Fair, but all their wit could not keep it alive. Clapp 
 afterwards became well known as '• Figaro " of the Lander, a paper at one time 
 owned and edited by Mayor Hall, and latterly he obtained a precarious livelihood 
 by writing paragraphs for the Daily Graphic and sending occasional contributions to 
 dramatic and musical journals from a New Jersey farm-house. His talent was 
 essentially that of the French Feuilletonistes, bright, keen and witty, but unsub- 
 stantial and ephemeral. ' In charafter he was of the essence of Bohemia, reckless 
 and witty, caring and thinking little of the serious concerns of life, but living as those 
 who say, " Let us eat, drink and be merry, for to-morrow we die." That to-morrow 
 of death has come for Henry Clapp, and no one can have the heart to throw anything 
 but the mantle of charity over his bier. 
 
 There would, perhaps, be little reason for introducing Mr. 
 Clapp in this connedlion, were it not that he played so conspic- 
 uous and sensational a part while here. He fraternized with the 
 " Comeouters," though guiltless of the extremes that charadter- 
 ized the condu6t of some of the earlier ones, as noticed in our 
 Annals, under date 1841. And it may be pardonable to add that 
 the writer was well acquainted with him, and in common with 
 
Biographical Sketches. Cobbet. Coffin. Collins. 131 
 
 others esteemed him highly for his generous and genial qualities. 
 It was likewise our fortune, while a resident of New York, to 
 very well know one or two of the other " Bohemians " named 
 above. The fadl is, that "clique of roystering literary char- 
 adlers " led a sort of dual lives — now in the society of the better 
 class of literary workers, supplying, with amazing facility, elab- 
 orate papers and high-toned critiques, and anon at some Pewter 
 Mug rendezvous, bandying quibs and relating wild adventures. 
 Their condition and appearance were attributable to utter impro- 
 vidence. They could earn money, and some of them did get high 
 prices for magazine articles and editorial assistance ; but what 
 did they do with their earnings ? 
 
 The writer one day, during a later visit to the city, on 
 passing down Fulton street met one of the " Bohemians " named 
 in the foregoing extra6l, whom he had not seen for months, and the 
 greeting was cordial. The meeting happened to be near a res- 
 taurant and it was about noon. " Come, come," said he " now 
 let us step right in here, and I '11 order something for the encour- 
 agement of the inner man ; and over the supply we '11 have a 
 talk." " But I can't," was the reply, for I am now on the way to 
 a steamer, and cannot delay." " Well, then, good-by ; and per- 
 haps," he added with his old air of mock gravity, " it is about as 
 well that you declined my generous invitation, for six cents is the 
 grand sum-total of my funds." But he forsook the Bohemian 
 life, is yet living, and his fame as a writer is second to that 
 of but few either here or in Europe. 
 
 Cobbet, Rev. Thomas — was settled over the Lynn church, 
 in 1637, as colleague with Rev. Mr. Whiting. He was a marked 
 charadter among the early New England divines. His autograph 
 is attached to the Armitage Petition, page 106. Cobbet school, 
 Franklin street, takes its name from him. See Annals, date 1656. 
 
 Coffin, Dr. Edward L. — physician, scientist, and writer. 
 He lived on Market street, and died March 31, 1845, aged 50. 
 A biographical notice appears in 1865 edition of History of Lynn. 
 
 Collins, Micajah — minister of the Friends' society, and 
 teacher of the Friends' school. He was born in Lynn, in 1764 
 
132 Biographical Sketches. Cooke. Curtin. Davis. 
 
 and died in 1827. In the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, 
 appeared a biographical notice. 
 
 Cook, Rev. Joseph — for a short time minister of the First 
 Church — a pungent preacher and popular lecturer in America 
 and Europe. See Annals, 1871. 
 
 Cooke, Rev. Parsons — minister of the First Church, twenty- 
 one years ; a rigid Calvinist, and warm controversial preacher 
 and writer — born in 1800, died in 1864. See Annals, 1864. 
 
 CooLiDGE, Oliver B. — well-known in various public positions. 
 He died June 6, 1874, aged j6. See Annals, 1874. 
 
 CowDRY, William — whose autograph may be seen among 
 those appended to the Armitage Petition, page 106, came here 
 in 1630, but did not remain many years. He became one of the 
 first settlers of Reading, and was very conspicuous there ; was a 
 deacon of the church, a representative, seleHman and town clerk 
 from the beginning of the settlement till his death, in 1687, at 
 the age of 85. He was born in 1602, and was a farmer. 
 
 Curtin, Enoch — a poet and prose writer. He lived in the 
 eastern sedlion of the town ; was born in 1794 and died in 1842. 
 For biographical sketch, with poetic specimens, see 1865 edition 
 of History of Lynn. 
 
 Dagyr, John Adam — famed throughout the province as a 
 fashionable shoemaker. He died in the almshouse, in 1808. 
 See Annals, 1750. 
 
 Davis, Edward S. — the eighth Mayor of Lynn. For Bio- 
 graphical notice, with portrait, see Centennial Memorial. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Doak. Doolittle. Downing. 133 
 
 Dexter, Thomas — one of the most enterprising and noted 
 of the early settlers. See Annals, 1630, et seq. The following 
 represents his signature. r t\ tJ 
 
 Doak, Benjamin F. Mr. Doak died at his residence, corner 
 of Atlantic and Ocean streets, on the 8th of November, 1876, 
 aged so years. He was a native of Lynn though of a Marble- 
 head family, and after receiving a fair common school education, 
 in early manhood began business in a small way as a shoe-man- 
 ufa6turer. By industry and shrewd management he soon attained 
 a position among our first class business men. He was a con- 
 spicuous and highly respefled member of the First Universalist 
 Society, and a much esteemed citizen and friend. At various 
 times he filled positions of public trust, and on the day of his 
 burial a number of large business houses were closed in token 
 of respedl for his memory. By will, he bequeathed " to the City 
 of Lynn, the sum of ten thousand dollars to be invested by the 
 City as a separate fund, the income thereof to be expended by 
 said City for the benefit of its poor, in such manner as the City 
 Council may direct." This bequest is what is now called " The 
 Doak Fund." Mr. Doak was for some years known as Benjamin 
 F. Doak, 2d, there being two others of the name, in the vicinity, 
 his seniors. 
 
 Doolittle, John — a settler of some note ; was one of the 
 appraisers of the estate of Edward Holyoke. He removed to 
 Boston, and was a constable in 1653. The Armitage Petition, 
 page 106, bears his signature. 
 
 Downing, Elijah — an early and zealous Methodist ; an adling 
 magistrate and one interested in town affairs. He was born in 
 I "j^j ; was a cabinet-maker ; lived on North Common street, 
 corner of Park ; died in 1838. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, 
 for a biographical notice. 
 
 Downing, Rev. Joshua Wells. Mr. Downing was one of 
 the most promising young men Lynn has produced, and by his 
 early death she no doubt lost one who would have done much to 
 
134 Biographical Sketches. Draper. Driver. Fay. 
 
 extend her fame. He was born here on the fifth of March, 1813, 
 and was a son of Elijah Downing, named next above. At the age 
 of seventeen he entered Brown University, and graduated in 
 1834. His original design was to adopt the legal profession as 
 the business of his life ; but being brought to a deep sense of 
 the greater dignity and importance of a profession that more 
 nearly touched the higher concerns of men, he soon direfted his 
 attention to the ministry, and in June, 1835, was received into 
 the New England Methodist Conference, and stationed at Ran- 
 dolph, in Norfolk county. The next year he was appointed to 
 the Salem charge, and in the short space of two years after, that 
 is, in 1838, had attained such a reputation as to be placed in 
 charge of one of the oldest and most opulent churches of the 
 denomination in New England — the Bromfield Street Church, 
 in Boston. And in that charge, secure in the affedlions of his 
 people, and with an ever increasing reputation in the community 
 at large, he remained till the time of his death, which occurred 
 on the 15th of July, 1839. About one year before his death he 
 married May Ann, a daughter of Daniel L. Mudge, who survived 
 him ; but he left no children. His brother, the Rev. Elijah 
 Hedding Downing, now a minister in the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, and who is a graduate of Bowdoin College, prepared a 
 very sympathetic and interesting memorial volume, which was 
 published in New York, in 1842. The sermons and addresses 
 embodied in it evince a remarkably pure, well-trained, and ear- 
 nest mind, and are composed in a terse, vigorous, and attraftive 
 style. 
 
 Draper, Alonzo G. — a commander in the war of the Rebel- 
 lion ; shot from his horse, apparently by accident, in Texas, 
 September, 1865. See Annals, 1865. 
 
 Driver, Robert. Respe6lable descendants have sprung from 
 this early sejttler, though not much is known of him. His auto- 
 graph is on the Armitage Petition, page 106. He died in 1680, 
 aged 87. See Annals, 1630. 
 
 Fay, Richard S. — owner of the beautiful Mineral Spring 
 estate — (Lynnmere). He died June 6, 1865. See Annals, 1865. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Forman. Fuller. Gardner. 135 
 
 Fitch, Zachary, whose autograph is last on the Armitage 
 Petition, had " 30 and ten acres " allotted to him in the land 
 distribution of 1638. He moved to Reading, in 1644, and became 
 a deacon in the church there. Fitch's Hill, so called, was a part 
 of his estate. Few of his descendants are now found here. 
 
 Flacg, Dr. John — a highly esteemed physician and revolu- 
 tionary patriot ; lived on Marion street ; born in 1743, died May 
 27. 1793- See Annals, 1793. 
 
 Flora — a pious negro woman of touching history ; died in 
 1828, aged 113 years. See Annals, 1828. 
 
 Forman, Eugene F. — editor of the Lynn Daily Bee. His 
 death was occasioned by a singular and distressing accident, 
 September 3, 1881. See Annals, 1881. 
 
 Fuller, Joseph — first Senator from Lynn, and first presi- 
 dent of the first bank here — was born on Water Hill, March 
 29, 1772. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 505. 
 
 Fuller, Maria Augusta — poetess and prose writer — was 
 born in Lynn, Dec. 9, 1806, and died January 19, 183 1. A bio- 
 graphical notice, with specimens of her writing may be found in 
 the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn. A fac-simile of her 
 signature follows. , . /■ /ly 
 
 Gardner, Dr. James — a physician of high standing, and 
 much respefted for his good judgment and benevolence. He 
 died December 26, 1831, aged 69. His residence was on Boston 
 street, near Bridge. See Annals, 1831. 
 
 Gardner, James H. — was born in Lynn July 29, 1796, and 
 died in Richmond, Va., September 10, 1877. He was a son 
 of Dr. James Gardner, just named, and a grandson of Dr. Flagg, 
 who occupied the " Billy Gray " house. He became a resident 
 of Richmond in early life, and for many years carried on a large 
 
136 Biographical Sketches. Gates. Qillow. 
 
 and successful business there, maintaining a chara6ler for integrity 
 and liberality attained by few. The Richmond Despatch, in an 
 obituary notice, said of him, " There was no man who was more 
 worthily loved and respe6led, and no man whose life was more 
 exemplary.'' He always entertained the highest regard for his 
 native place, and until the infirmities of age overtook him, made 
 an annual visit, encouraging her public enterprises and liberally, 
 bestowing in charity, from his large means, which, however, 
 became sadly reduced by the calamities of the civil war, an 
 occurrence which he deeply deplored. He was an a6live member 
 of the Protestant Episcopal communion, and even as far back 
 as 1 8 19, when the first attempt was made to establish a church 
 here he looked hopefully forward to the time when her benign 
 influence would pervade the community ; was a strong and help- 
 ing friend to St. Stephen's in her darkest hours, and happily lived 
 to see her in comparative prosperity. A memorial window has 
 been placed in the church at Richmond, where he worshiped, 
 and in which he was a vestryman and Sunday school superin- 
 dent many years. 
 
 Gates, Isaac — a shrewd but eccentric lawyer. His office 
 
 and residence were on Market street, that street then being 
 
 chiefly occupied by residences. He died Nov. 9, 1852. See 
 Annals, 1852. 
 
 GiLLOW, John. There were several Gillows here at an early 
 period, but it does not appear that any of their descendants 
 remain. The John whose autograph is to be seen on the Armi- 
 tage Petition, page 106, was doubtless the shrewd individual who 
 so successfully turned the tables on a pestilent fellow who sued 
 him for the loss of a cow. The case occurred in 1638, and is 
 thus related by Winthrop : " A remarkable providence appeared 
 in a case which was tried at the last Court of Assistants. Divers 
 neighbors of Lynn, by agreement kept their cattle by turns. It 
 fell out to the turn of one Gillow to keep them, and as he was 
 driving them forth another of these neighbors went along with 
 him, and kept him so earnestly in talk, that his cattle strayed 
 and gate in the corn. Then this other neighbor left him, and 
 would not help him recover his cattle, but went and told another 
 
Biographical Sketches. Gould. Gray. 137 
 
 how he had kept Gillow in talk, that he might lose his cattle. 
 The cattle getting into tlfe Indian corn, eat so much ere they 
 could be gotten out, that two of them fell sick of it, and one 
 of them died presently ; and these two cows were that neighbor's 
 who kept Gillow in talk. The man brings his action against 
 Gillow for his cow (not knowing that he had witness of his speech;) 
 but Gillow, producing witness, barred him of his action, and had 
 good costs." Mr. Gillow died in 1673. 
 
 Gould Dr. Abraham — A skillful physician, of large pradtice. 
 His residence was on Boston street, a furlong east of Tower Hill, 
 and he died February 27, 1866, aged 58. See Annals, 1866. 
 
 Gray, George — the Lynn Hermit — lived on Boston street, 
 nearly opposite the entrance to Pine Grove Cemetery, and died 
 February 28, 1848, aged 78. See Annals, 1848. 
 
 It was natural enough that many wonderful stories touching 
 the career of such a mysterious personage as Mr. Gray should 
 have gained currency. The writer had occasional interviews 
 with him, and knew that he was well aware of the gossiping 
 indulgencies of his neighbors. But he was shrewd enough never 
 to admit or deny the truth of anything that was said about him. 
 Among the most interesting incidents in his veritable or imagin- 
 ary history was his alleged connexion with the fate of the French 
 Dauphin, Charles Louis, son of Louis xvi and Maria Antoinette. 
 It is easy enough to see how in a fertile imagination such an 
 alluring connexion may have been suggested by the following 
 fadls : A number of years ago the Rev. Eleazer Williams, a 
 respedtable clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, who 
 had for a considerable period been laboring as a missionary 
 among the St. Regis Indians visited Lynn. An article had 
 about that time appeared in Putnam's Magazine, a periodical 
 of high standing, presenting quite an array of evidence tending to 
 show that this Mr. Williams was in truth the scion of royalty 
 whose death history had all along informed us took place in 1795, 
 through the cruel treatment of Simon, into whose relentless 
 custody the revolutionary miscreants had resigned him. There 
 were many, however, who did not feel assured that history, in 
 this instance, spoke the exadl truth. 
 
138 Biographical Sketches. Gray. 
 
 Mr. Williams, during his visit to Lynn, which was briefi 
 called on the writer, for the chief purpose of obtaining a specimen 
 of the handwriting of the Hermit ; and no doubt he had interviews 
 with others. That he felt confident that he really was the Dau- 
 phin may not be disputed, the theory being that he had become 
 well nigh demented by the heartless treatment of Simon — his 
 memory and power of observation almost extinguished — and in 
 that condition was secretly taken from that austere custody, 
 brought to the wilds of America, and given in charge of a woman 
 of the St. Regis tribe, who nurtured him lovingly. He believed 
 that he had always been kept in sight by French partisans, and 
 mentioned the fa6l that the Prince de Joinville, when in this 
 country sought him out and had an interview at Green Ba}'', but 
 was shy about stating the obje6l or result of the interview. The 
 magazine article, however, intimated that the Prince had enjoined 
 conditional secresy, and added that Louis Philip himself, after 
 the return of his son, wrote to Mr. Williams. The almost idiotic 
 condition to which the Dauphin had been reduced was urged as 
 a reason why Mr. Williams had no clear recollection of things 
 that happened before he attained the age of thirteen or fourteen — 
 only a few dream-like catches. It was likewise mentioned as a 
 significant fa6t that in the reign of Louis xviii the name of the 
 Dauphin was omitted in the funeral solemnities for the deceased 
 Bourbons. The Indian woman was said never to have claimed 
 that the child was her own ; and it is asserted that when Professor 
 Day placed before him a portrait of Simon, he gave a shudder ; 
 and further, that he recognized a portrait of Madam Elizabeth as 
 the likeness of one whom he had seen. It was also said that the 
 ambassador Genet declared that the Dauphin was alive, in New 
 York state, in 181 7, though it is not known that he located him 
 in St. Regis, which is in that state, and that a Frenchman named 
 Boulanger, who died in New Orleans, in 1848, on his death-bed 
 declared that he had a hand in bringing the royal child to 
 America. 
 
 These circumstances, in connexion with the fadl that Mr. 
 Williams was so anxious to obtain a specimen of the handwriting 
 of the Hermit furnished a basis for a very interesting superstruc- 
 ture. And it was soon claimed — on what authority we have 
 yet been unable to determine — that Gray was in France, a red 
 
Biographical Sketches. Gray. 139 
 
 republican, during the most sanguinary days of the revolution, 
 and was one of those who brought hither the ilL-fated boy. 
 
 What the truth in this mysterious matter is, it is now probable 
 will never be known ; and though it may detraft something from 
 the romance of the narrative, we feel bound to add a few fa6ls 
 of a different aspe6l touching the identity of Mr. Williams. The 
 name \Yilliams has been long known in the St. Regis tribe, for 
 it will not be forgotten that the minister of Deerfield who with 
 his family was taken captive among others on the terrible night 
 of the savage attack on the settlement, in .1703, was the Rev. 
 John Williams. The captives were, with a few exceptions, finally 
 redeemed. But his daughter Eunice had become so enamored 
 of Indian life that she could not be induced to return to civiliza- 
 tion, though she occasionally visited her early friends. Now we 
 find it stated in the Historical Colleftions of New York, that 
 this very Eleazer Williams was a, grandson of Eunice who ad- 
 hered to the surname of her father, and that he was educated by 
 her Christian friends. For many years he was a devoted mission- 
 ary in the tribe, and did much to ameliorate their condition. A 
 late chief of the tribe bore the name of Williams, and was, no 
 doubt, another descendant of Eunice. Assuming that these state- 
 ments are all authentic, they would preclude a belief that Mr. 
 Williams was the French Dauphin. But there is no conclusive 
 evidence on the point, his own recolleftion being entirely at fault. 
 He possessed one physical feature which was quite observable, 
 namely, an unmistakable Bourbon nose. 
 
 We remarked that when here Mr. Williams was anxious to 
 obtain a specimen of the handwriting of the Hermit ; but he 
 seemed to desire it for use in efforts then being made to secure 
 the property left by Gray, who had lately died, for a claimant in 
 whom he felt an interest, but whether one connefted with old 
 French affairs is not known. The following is a'fac-simile of the 
 Hermit's signature. 
 
 Gray, William — best known by the inelegant sobriquet 
 "Billy Gray" — an eminent merchant, and Lieut. Governor 
 
140 Biographical Sketches. Halsey. 
 
 of the State. He was born in the Dr. Flagg house, Marion 
 street, and died- in Boston, November 3, 1825, aged 75 years, 
 leaving many descendants. Rev. William Gray Swett, who was 
 installed minister of the Unitarian society, January i, 1840, was 
 a grandson of his ; and Chief Justice Gray, of our Supreme Court, 
 and later an Associate on the Supreme Bench of the United 
 States, was likewise a grandson. For biographical notice see 
 1865 edition of History of Lynn. 
 
 Halsey, Thomas. Not much will be found in our Annals, 
 relating to this individual, though he was allowed a hundred 
 acres in the land distribution of 1638, for he became interested 
 in the Long Island enterprise, and was one of the settlers of 
 Southampton. In his new location he became prominent and 
 comparatively wealthy. Among his numerous descendants, scat- 
 tered all over the country, several have won their way to distinc- 
 tion and useful positions. Among the few from the eastern part 
 of Long Island who joined the Continentals on the opening of the 
 Revolution, was Jesse Halsey, who, on hearing of the battle 
 of Lexington, started for the scene of conflict. He left his horse 
 at Sag Harbor, crossed in a boat to New London, and after a 
 tedious journey reached Boston just too late for a part in the 
 battle of Bunker Hill. He became a Captain in the Continental 
 forces, and as is stated by Mr. Howell, in his History of South- 
 ampton, was standing near General Lee, at the battle of Mon- 
 mouth, when Washington rode up, foaming with indignation, and 
 demanded, " In the name of God, Lee, what do you mean .-' " and 
 these, he ever afterwards declared, were the exa6l words of Wash- 
 ington as distindlly heard by him on that momentous occasion. 
 Daniel Halsey, another descendant, was born in the latter part 
 of the last century, > on the estate of his fathers, and became 
 of some note as a poet. He had a good education, and enjoyed 
 a high reputation as a teacher. The following opening stanza 
 of a spirited ode written by him for a fourth of July celebration 
 will remind some of our more elderly readers of the lyrical fire 
 and patriotic sentiment pervading the produdlions of Enoch 
 Curtin, furnished for similar occasions : 
 
 When the Goddess of Liberty found not a place 
 
 Where the sole of her foot in the old world could rest. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Handford. 141 
 
 She direfted the daring Columbus to trace 
 A path to the new world unknown in the west ; 
 In the wilds which she chose 
 An empire arose, 
 As by magic, of freemen redeemed from their foes. 
 Redeemed from the hand of oppression and wrong, 
 ■ To the rights which by nature to all men belong. 
 
 There is preserved another effusion of Mr. Halsey, written at 
 the request of a tavern keeper for an appropriate inscription to 
 be put upon his sign-board. It is rather suggestive, and reads 
 as follows : 
 
 Rum, whisky, brandy, cordial, porter, beer. 
 
 Ale, applejack, and gin, are dealt out here, 
 
 Diluted, raw, or mixt, in any measure. 
 
 To all consumers : come and a6t your pleasure, 
 
 The above specifics will, in time, God knows, 
 
 Put to a period all your earthly woes ; 
 
 Or would you bring life to a splendid close. 
 
 Take double swigs, repeating dose on dose ; 
 
 A panacea this for every ail ; 
 
 'T will use you up ; 't was never known to fail ; 
 
 Use up your property, ere scarce you know it, 
 
 Use up your charadter, or sadly blow it. 
 
 Use up your health and strength, and mind repose, 
 
 And leave, mayhap, your carcass to the crows. 
 
 And the following fragment, smooth in expression, and charged 
 with wholesome truth, may be well worth the space it occupies : 
 
 Hear when the widow and the orphan cry, 
 And with a liberal hand the poor supply ; 
 Nor with an envious eye the rich behold ; 
 None are the better for their sums of gold. 
 A virtuous mind should be our only test ; 
 He is the worthiest man who is the best. 
 Wealth can no real happiness bestow ; 
 How few in higher life contentment know ; 
 Then to the will of Heaven be thou resigned, 
 Enjoy thy fortune and contentment find. 
 
 Handford, Nathaniel. This is the " honest old man " who 
 saw the wonderful apparitions in the air on a Sunday evening 
 in March, 1682, when looking for a new moon, after a violent 
 storm of wind, hail, thunder and lightning, as noticed under that 
 date, in our Annals. From the account given by Rev. Mr. 
 Shepard it is concluded that he was of an apprehensive and 
 superstitious cast of mind ; but perhaps not more so than was 
 
142 Biographical Sketches. Handford. 
 
 common in those days. And that in his latter years he felt like 
 retiring from life's combats, its cares and vexations is evident 
 from the faft of his conveying the chief part of his estate to his 
 kinsrhan Nathaniel Newhall, on condition of his providing a 
 suitable home for him and his good wife Sarah, for their closing 
 years. And we hope the trust was more faithfully executed than 
 is sometimes the case at this day. Some passages in the deed 
 of conveyance exhibit a meek, pious and trustful spirit, though<a 
 little weak withal, and may interest the reader : " To all Chris- 
 tian people to whome this present Deed of Gift shall come, 
 Nathaniel Handford of Lynn in y*^ County of Essex, Gentl™ and 
 Sarah his wife doe send greeting : . . . . Know ye that wee y* 
 said Nathaniel Handford and Sarah his wife being well stricken 
 in yeares and thereby waxen weake and not fitt to continue alone 
 and dwell by ourselves as wee haue done for a long space nor 
 able to doe one for another as wee should in duty & loue would 
 still bind us and should did not our natural strength faile us which 
 we belieue y' Lord our good God and Sauiour in Jesus Christ 
 will accept in and through him and not impute sin unto us but 
 y'' consideration of y= premises and duty bindeth us to take y^ 
 most effe6luall course that wee can for our more easy and com- 
 fortable lining while our time is appointed which wee willingly 
 wait on God for : And Seeing it hath pleased god to raise up 
 our beloued kinsman Nathaniel Newhall of y= same Towne and 
 County aforesaid a ship-carpenter who had his name Nathaniel 
 giuen to him in, his Infancy for our sakes by his parents now 
 Serjeant John Newhall Secundo and his now wife and our neer 
 kinswoman and this said Nathaniel Newhall hauing shewed us 
 kindness already and hath taken as wee Trust a good wife and 
 hath obtayned a good and comfortable house to entertaine us 
 and a convenient roome for us to liue in our old age together 
 where wee shall not be troubled with too much company and our 
 said cousins are very willing to haue us to leaue our solitary 
 place and condition and to remoue our selues into our Cousin 
 Nathaniel Newhall aforesaid his house where he and his wife 
 
 now dwelleth Wherefore for and in consideration of y« 
 
 premises and being willing to free our selues of y« Troubles and 
 cares of y= world and y« better to prepare our selues for our 
 great and solemn change wee doe therefore accept of y= kind 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hannibal. Hart. 143 
 
 loue of our cousin Nathaniel Newhall and Rest his now wife." 
 .... And then follow the proper terms of conveyance for the 
 purpose shadowed forth in this excursive preamble. The instru- 
 ment bears date March 31, 1687. 
 
 The Nathaniel Newhall to whom the conveyance was made 
 removed to Boston, a few years after, probably because his busi- 
 ness as ship-carpenter was better there, and there he died, in 
 1 73 1. His grave-stone may yet be seen in Copp's Hill burying 
 ground. He was born in 1658, and was a grandson of Anthony 
 Newhall, brother of Thomas, from whom most of the present 
 Newhalls of Lynn descended. 
 
 Mr. Handford was a haberdasher from London. See Annals, 
 163s and 1682. 
 
 Hannibal — sexton of the Old Tunnel — a pious and worthy 
 man — once a slave. See Annals, 1780. 
 
 Hart, Samuel. Some uncertainty exists as to the precise 
 time when this individual first appeared in Lynn ; but he prob- 
 ably came in or about 1643, and was employed at the iron works. 
 The Harts became a noted family. Among the descendants of 
 this sturdy settler not elsewhere spoken of, was Captain Ralph 
 Hart, for many years a prominent and influential resident of 
 Boston. He was born in Lynn, June 12, 1699, and was, we think, 
 a grandson, though he is in some genealogical accounts set down 
 as a great-grandson, of Samuel. In 1742 he was commissioned 
 by Governor Shirley as " Lieutenant of the foot company of the 
 Town of Boston," and in 1754, as Captain of the Ancient and 
 Honorable Artillery. He married Mary Hudson of Lynn, Nov. 
 27, 1722, and she died August 2, 1733, aged 34. His second 
 wife, Lois, died November 5, 1751, aged 46. Their grave-stones 
 are still to be seen in Copp's Hill burying ground, in Boston, 
 bearing little or no mark of injury by the ravages of the British 
 soldiers during their occupation of the town. A daughter of his 
 married Joshua Bowles, who belonged to a highly connedled 
 family, and was brother-in-law of Benjamin Lynde, Chief Justice 
 of the Province. Their son. Captain Ralph Hart Bowles, served 
 faithfully during the whole of the Revolution ; and after the war 
 was over, settled on the outskirt of civilization near the Maine 
 
144 Biographical Sketches. Hart. 
 
 frontier. His wife was distinguished for refinement, elegant 
 manners, and true dignity and strength of charadler ; and her 
 influence in molding the social condition of the little wilderness 
 community was excellent and enduring. She died in 1847, at 
 the age of 82, and her remains were entombed at Mount Auburn, 
 in the lot of her son Stephen J. Bowles. Samuel Bowles, so 
 long conspicuous and influential as editor of the Springfield 
 Republican was a descendant. 
 
 Then there was Edmund Hart, the skillful naval architedt, a 
 native of Lynn, who lived in the Lois Hart house, on Boston 
 street a few rods west of Federal. The famous frigate Constitu- 
 tion was built at his ship-yard, in North End, Boston ; and as a 
 good view of the yard could be had from Noddle's Island, now 
 East Boston, hundreds went over from the town to see the 
 launch. But the land which the ship-yard occupied does not 
 seem to have been well chosen, as it was found that the ways 
 were liable to sink. Two unsuccessful attempts were made 
 before the frigate took kindly to her destiny. Sometime before 
 the Revolution, Admiral Montague favored the proje6l of having 
 a British navy yard at the island, remarking that " the devil had 
 got into the government when they fixed the navy yard at Hali- 
 fax," for " God Almighty made Noddle's Island on purpose for a 
 dock yard." But if it was preferable to Charlestown why did not 
 our own government establish the navy yard there .' Had a 
 British dock yard been established there, in provincial times, 
 instead of at Halifax, how different would probably have been 
 the series of events that followed, and how different the condition 
 of the whole country at this day. 
 
 The Hart family is extensively distributed over the country ; 
 and it seems quite certain that they did not all come from one 
 family of immigrants. There was a John Hart, a Quaker preach- 
 er, who came with William Penn, and settled in Pennsylvania, 
 having purchased a thousand acres of land before coming over. 
 He left male descendants, one or two of whom, having abjured 
 the faith of their fathers, became conspicuous as military leaders 
 in Indian conflids and in the Revolution. The similarity of 
 christian names, however, rather indicates that all came from the 
 same stock, not many generations back. " Honest John Hart," 
 a well-to-do New Jersey farmer, whose name appears on that 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hart. 145 
 
 world-famed instrument, the Declaration of American Independ- 
 ence, and who for his temerity in thus employing his autograph, 
 was subjedted to great hardship and loss, will never be forgotten. 
 And a grandson of his, living in West Virginia, had five sons in 
 the Union army during the war of the Rebellion. 
 
 A neat volume of six hundred pages, embracing a genealogical 
 history of Deacon Stephen Hart and his descendants evidently 
 prepared with a good deal of care by Alfred Andrews of New 
 Britain, Ct, was published a few years since ; and in the intro- 
 du6lion is given a roving view of the family at large, which 
 embraces some gatherings of much interest. In it are found the 
 names of thirty-one authors, with the titles of their principal 
 works ; among them Francis Bret Harte, the rollicking humorist, 
 author of " Luck of Roaring Camp," &c. Then there are the 
 names of twenty-seven physicians, twenty-five clergymen, and 
 of soldiers who have served their country in various wars, two- 
 hundred and thirty. Few families can show a better record thans 
 the Hart. The earlier and more prominent of those in Lynn^ 
 seem to have located along Boston street, especially in the vicin^- 
 ity of Federal. Joseph Hart, a farmer, owned and occupied the 
 ancient Richard Haven house that stood on the south-west 
 corner formed by the two streets just named, and was for many 
 years noticeable from the huge buttonwood standing in front. 
 This house was the same that disappeared in a patriotic blaze 
 on the morning of July 4, 1876, the centennial anniversary, as 
 noticed in our Annals under that date. And uppn the lot next 
 west was the home of Edmund and Ralph Hart. There too 
 lived their near kinswoman, Lois Hart, a strong-minded woman 
 of the rougher sort — rough in speech and manners — made sOj, 
 perhaps, in some degree, by the hard fortune to which she was 
 subjedled. 
 
 There is some doubt as to when the first person of the family 
 name appeared in Lynn. There was an Isaac Hart here in 
 1640, who is said to have afterwards removed to Reading. And. 
 if, as seems probable, he was the individual referred to in the; 
 following entry found on the Colony Records under date July 
 30, 1640, there was some reason for his removal, and no cause 
 for lamentation at his departure : " Isaack Hart bound himselfe 
 in 20/. to bee of good behavio', and M' Rob' Saltonstall bound 
 
 10 
 
146 Biographical Sketches. Haven. Hawkcs. 
 
 himselfe in 10/. for the said Isa : Hart his good behavio'', till he 
 
 dep' out of the plantation, or bring a note from 
 
 that he is free from fear." It does not appear what the rogue 
 had done or left undone ; but it looks as if he was put under 
 bonds for some sort of a threat. For genealogical tracings see 
 Annals, 1650. The name has prevailed to some extent in Lynn 
 for considerably more than two hundred years. And if there is 
 an ambition to conne6l it agreeably with old-world associations, 
 it may be mentioned that Shakspeare's sister Joan married a 
 Hart, and that the illustrious bard left legacies to his three 
 nephews, her children, the bequests being in these words : " Item : 
 I give and bequeath unto her three sons William Hart, [Thomas] 
 Hart and Michael Hart, five pounds apiece, to be paid one year 
 after my decease." 
 
 Haven, Richard. Mr. Haven was ancestor of the large 
 family of the name now scattered all over the country. His 
 wife, Susanna, was a sister of Thomas Newhall, the first white 
 person born in Lynn, and they had twelve children. He lived 
 in the old house that stood till 1876, on the south-west corner 
 of Boston and Federal streets, when it was consumed in the 
 centennial bonfire, on Reservoir Hill. Bishop Gilbert Haven 
 and his cousin Bishop Erastus O. Haven, of the Methodist 
 church, were lineal descendants of his. Samuel F. Haven, ll. d., 
 a son of Judge Haven, who died in Worcester, September 5, 1881, 
 at the age of 75, having served forty-three years as librarian 
 of the American Antiquarian Society, was also a descendant ; 
 and a son of the latter, a surgeon of great merit, who was attached 
 to the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment, in the civil war, was 
 killed in the battle of Fredericksburg. See Annals, 1640, and 
 other early dates. 
 
 Hawkes, Adam. This individual was one of the first comers, 
 and located upon our inland border, in what is now known as 
 North Saugus, having a grant of land which included the terri- 
 tory containing the ore first used at the iron works. Possessing 
 rather a lively suspicion that the company were inclined to 
 encroach upon his rights, he was not always at peace with them ; 
 and to him and his neighbor Dexter is no doubt to be attributed 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hazeltine. 147 
 
 somewhat of that harrassing legal warfare that proved so disas- 
 trous to the enterprise. A large and interesting gathering of his 
 descendants was held on the original farm, on the 28th and 29th 
 of July, 1 880, of which a notice may be found in the Annals 
 of that year. See also Annals, 1630. 
 
 Hazeltine, Dr. Richard. Do6tor Hazeltine was one of those 
 staid and sober gentlemen who have great weight in a community ; 
 whose movements, professionally and socially, are well-considered, 
 and who are not liable to be swayed by notions instead of prin- 
 ciples. He was kind in manners, but very precise, and came to 
 be popularly regarded as a strait-laced old-school gentleman. 
 In short, he was just one of those persons who enjoy the respedl 
 but not always the love of those by whom they are surrounded. 
 For professional dignity and propriety he was a great stickler ; a 
 characteristic aptly illustrated by a little occurrence which took 
 place when Dr. Barker came here, in 1832, and which the latter 
 himself described to the writer in his inimitable semi-serious 
 way. He had located near Lynn Hotel, into the hospitable public 
 room of which gentlemen from all quarters of the town were 
 accustomed to drop, to look over the newspapers — for no dailies 
 were then distributed by carriers — and hear the gossip of the 
 day. Deacon Field, as we all called him, was the managing 
 spirit though not the proprietor of the establishment. He was 
 aftive and polite, and indefatigable in his endeavors to make his 
 domain attractive and his visitors at ease. 
 
 One morning, while Dr. Barker, who had been very kindly 
 received by the four or five other physicians then resident here, 
 was in the room, Dr. Hazeltine dropped in, and the Deacon 
 availed himself of the opportunity to effe6t a formal introdudlion. 
 Dr. H. as soon as he heard the name of Dr. B. assumed one 
 of his lofty looks — and he was so tall that he could look over 
 the heads of most. people — and without offering his hand, re- 
 marked, " Ah, yes, I have heard of a Mister Barker coming to 
 Lynn, as a physician ; but having examined the Medical Soci- 
 ety's catalogue without finding his name I feel constrained to 
 withhold professional recognition till further informed." Doftor 
 Barker, naturally enough, not knowing the peculiarities of the 
 other, felt. a little nettled,^ and tartly replied, " But, Dr. Hazeltine, 
 
148 Biographical Sketches. Hazeltine. 
 
 your examination was not thorough, or you would have seen by 
 the errata that my name was accidentally omitted in the proper 
 place." " Very well, Mr. Barker," rejoined Dr. H., " I will im- 
 pose upon myself the duty of a further examination. In the 
 mean time allow me to welcome you as a new resident of our 
 town, and to bid you a very good morning." A few days after. 
 Dr. H. called on Dr. B., informed him that he had re-examined 
 the catalogue, found the fa6l as claimed, and with great cordiality 
 welcomed him as a professional brother. And that he was sincere 
 and retained his good feeling is abundantly shown by entries in 
 his journal. 
 
 Dr. Hazeltine also served as a magistrate, and his judgments 
 bore the impress of careful and conscientious investigation and 
 consideration. His copy of old " Dickinson's Justice," with its 
 many marginal notes, in his clear and compadl hand-writing is 
 now in possession of the writer. But of course the great busi- 
 ness of his life was the medical pra6lice. In that he was faithful 
 and trustworthy though some thought him a little too strongly 
 bound by old customs and traditions. He had great faith in the 
 virtue of hops, especially in the simple form of a tea, and so 
 frequently prescribed the infusion that some were so impolite as 
 to call him " the hop-tea doflor." Indeed certain libelous articles 
 touching this peculiarity of his appeared in the Mirror, written, 
 it is believed, by Enoch Curtin, in a playful mood. The editor 
 was proceeded against, and the jury awarded the Dodtor a con- 
 siderable amount in damages ; but he, as the editor long after 
 informed the writer, very readily relinquished all but his a6lual 
 costs, and continued to treat him as if no occasion for difference 
 had occurred. 
 
 The books of daily charges kept by Dodior Hazeltine, were, a 
 number of years ago, placed in the hands of the writer ; and a 
 few extradts, which can harm no one, will no doubt be interesting 
 as showing the scale of professional charges, and at the same 
 time exhibit the precise and detailed manner in which he was 
 accustomed to record his transa6tions. The first book of the 
 series bears the inscription, " Richard Hazeltine's Day Book. 
 He removed with his family from South Berwick to Lynn, May 
 3D, 181 7." He however must have been here himself some time 
 before he brought his family, for the first charge to a patient is 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hazeltine. , 149 
 
 under date May 13, and stands thus: "Samuel Chase, Dr. to 
 18 visits; i.e. 2 visits a day from Sabbath the 4th inst. to 
 yesterday, including both, and sundry articles of medicine, such 
 as [enumerating,] 10.25." 
 
 The Dodlor must have soon secured a large pradlice, judging 
 from the number of his charges ; but to a physician of this day 
 his fees would seem amusingly low, a fadt which in a great 
 measure may account for the statement that he made a little 
 before his death, to the effedl that his profession had scarcely 
 yielded enough to pay expenses during his whole residence in 
 Lynn. A much greater proportion of " bad debts " no doubt 
 accumulated in those days than in later times, in all professions. 
 But let us present the promised samples of the Dodlor's every 
 day entries. 
 
 1817. Aug. 2. George Hamlin, credit by 2 phials and med. returned, .13. 
 
 181 7. Aug. 6. Frederic Newhall, Dr. to calling and waiting some time to see your 
 
 sister, i.oo. 
 1819. Feb. 21. Enoch Mudge, Dr. to calling from the meeting-house and extrafting 
 
 a tooth for yOurselfi .50. 
 l8ig. March 6. James Lewis, Cr. by a fresh fish, weighing 8 lb. at 2 cents a pound. 
 1819. March zi. Peter Shott, Dr. to calling to see you this morning, .25. 
 1819. April 9. Benjamin Burrill, Dr. to a visit, and making lint for your sore, .50. 
 1819. June 10. Stephen Oliver, Dr. to a tliree dollar bill, for one that I borrowed 
 
 of you, last week. 
 1819. July 21. Jonathan Connor, credit, by six cords of wood, taken on the-whar^ 
 
 at $(> a cord, to be paid for in 60 days. 
 
 1819. Sept. I. John Newhall, Dr. to calling to see your aunt Nabby, 0.25. 
 
 1820. March 4. Abel Houghton, Dr. to a visit for yourself, .25. 
 
 1820. March 8. Rufus P. Hovey, Esq. Dr. to a visit and a phial and vin. ipecac for 
 
 yourself 84. 
 1820. March 13. Henry A. Breed, credit by i lb. 8 penny and i lb. 6 penny wrought 
 
 , nails, at 18 and 22 cents, .40. 
 1820. April 10. Henry A. Breed, credit, by i gal. Lisbon wine, at ^1.50, and i 1-2 
 
 pint of brandy, 33, 1 1.83. 
 1820. April 15. Miss Lydia Stackpole, credit by your assistance in my family since 
 
 Monday morning, before breakfast, till this morning, after breakfast. 
 1820. April 28. Preserved Sprague, Dr. to a visit, making lint, &c., and dressing 
 
 your wound, and to a piece of bandage. .75. 
 
 1820. May i5. Jonathan Buffum, Dr. to a visit this morning and to 10 oz. of tama- 
 rinds, sent this evening by my boy, 042. 
 
 1821. March 5. This evening Mr. Trevett borrowed Hannah More's St. Paul, Dr. 
 Worcester on Baptism and Medical Dissertations. 
 
 1821. March 28. Mrs. Mary Carter, Concord, N. H. : Her little son William 
 Franklin Carter came to my house last Monday evening, to board and go to 
 school I am to board him for his schooling [?] and what services he will 
 
150 Biographical Sketches. Haseltine. 
 
 render in my family. This morning he gave me sixty-five cents in cash, which 
 
 he brought with him, and for which I am accountable to his mother. 
 1821. July 10. Abel Houghton, credit, by mending my boot a little, yesterday, .06. 
 1821. Nov. 2. Amos Breed, credit by a barrel of cider [I found the barrel] and by 
 
 6 hoops and paying for setting them — hoops 2 cents each, setting 4 cents 
 
 each, .36 ; cider, 2.50. 2.86. 
 1821, Nov. 3. Enoch Curtin, Pr. to a visit early this morning and another at 11 
 
 o'clock, and assisting in moving you, 1.50. 
 
 1821. Nov. 28. Thomas Hamlin, credit, by repairing my chaise apartment door, 
 i. e. putting on hinge, .06. 
 
 1822. Jan. 3. Abner Alley, Dr. to a visit, post m. for your daughter, she, having 
 injured her hand by striking on a hair comb, .50. 
 
 1834. March 3. Mrs. Mary Mailey, Dr. to a visit this a. m. for yourself, .25. 
 
 1834. March 7. Charles Chase, Dr. to a visit this a. m. for your daughter Mary, 0.25. 
 
 1.834. March 8. Mark Alley, Dr. to a visit this evening and 12 pills for Mrs. 
 
 Alley, .38. 
 1834. March 11. David Ellis, Dr. to a visit this evening in co. with Dr. Barker, for 
 
 your little boy, 1. 00. 
 1834. March 19. John B. Chase, credit fcy a five dollar bill paid me this a. m. equal 
 
 to six. dollars, because paid within sixty days. 
 1834. March 24. Abel Houghton, Dr. to visit this a. m. and 9 small p. ip. for 
 
 yourself, 0.42. 
 1834. March 28. Levi Frost, credit, by repairing chaise harness, .06. 
 1834. March 29. Alonzo Lewis, Dr. to a visit this morning and another this p. m. 
 
 z. pil. and some. vin. ant. for yourself and some cal. added in the morning to two 
 
 former powders, .92. 
 
 1834. April 7. Alonzo Lewis, Dr. to a visit this morning for yourself, .25. 
 
 1835. Feb. 18. Capt. Charles Merritt, Dr. to. 12 pills delivered yourself this a. m. 
 at the postoffice door, and consilium, .25. 
 
 1836. May 6. Nathaniel Ingalls, Dr. to cash paid you to-day, 67 cents. Credit, by 
 assisting Mr. Merrill, the carpenter, about putting down some posts for fence, 
 for me, yesterday, at Woodend, 67 cents. 
 
 1836. May 21. Daniel Moulton, credit, by 2 hours' assistance, at 8 cents an hour, .16, 
 1836. May :ji. Esquire Daniel Henshaw, credit, by making out my last will, to-day, 
 and attending to its signature, &c., 2.09. 
 
 The Abel Houghton named in two or three of the foregoing 
 items, first, under date March 4, 1820, Hved in Pearl street. He 
 took great interest in horticulture, and it was from him that the 
 Houghton Horticultural Society took its name. To him, also, we 
 are indebted for that superior gooseberry known as the Houghton 
 seedling. Rufus P. Hovey, named under date March 8, 1 820, 
 came to Lynn in or about 18 16, and opened an office near the 
 Hotel. He was a young lawyer of good education and fine abil- 
 ities but destined soon to close his life. He died of consumption 
 before attaining the fame and honorable position which his 
 friends fondly believed awaited him.. Under dates March 1.3 and 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hazeltine. 151 
 
 April 10, 1820, appears the name of Henry A. Breed. This gen- 
 tleman, who is still among us, a6live and genial, was then a young 
 business man. At the time of the transactions recorded he kept 
 a " West India goods and variety store," in the west wing of the 
 Hotel. A few years after, he became extensively engaged in 
 building and other semi-speculative enterprises, some of which 
 were on a large scale. Possessing a sanguine temperament and 
 great physical a6livity, he did more than almost any other to give 
 " a start " to the Lynn of that period, and is deserving of the 
 gratitude of many now living for personal aid. But he has had 
 his ups and downs; his share of praise and censure; and has 
 shown himself neither a fawner nor a misanthrope. We can 
 hardly call to mind one who has more reason to keenly feel the 
 disregard of some now in prosperity who owe the foundation of 
 their good fortune to him. Preserved Sprague, who is charged 
 by the Dodlor with a visit on April 28, 1820, was a farmer, and 
 lived on Nahant street. He wore a long beard, which excited 
 the wonder, if not the admiration of almost every one he met, as 
 it was the fashion, at that time, for men to be close-shaven ; 
 mustaches, especially, being an utter abomination. Esquire 
 Daniel Henshaw, who under date May 21, 1836, is credited with 
 writing the Do6lor's will — at a price which would make a lawyer 
 of this day stare if it did not induce some ejaculation indicated 
 by a verb that rhymes with stare — was a legal praftitioner who 
 settled in Lynn, in or about 1833. He had a classical education ; 
 but being one who had that rigorous sense of justice which for- 
 bids the advocacy of any cause of even doubtful right, and being 
 withal of a retiring disposition, never had much of an adlive 
 court business. He was a good writer, with very little of the 
 picturesque in his style, and as editor of the Lynn Record — 
 the first paper of that name here — then under the proprietor- 
 ship of Jonathan Buffum, produced articles that were extensively 
 quoted and deservedly praised. The Record was an energetic 
 advocate of the anfi-masonic cause, of temperance, and anti-sla- 
 very. It was to the house of Mr. Henshaw that the guard 
 of ladies condudled George Thompson, the English anti-slavery 
 orator, from the First Methodist meeting-house, when violence 
 was threatened by the excited crowd ; an account of which 
 occurrence may be found in our Annals, under date, 1835. Mr. 
 
152 Biographical Sketches. Hazeltine. 
 
 Henshaw was a man of strong religious principles conformable 
 to the old Calvin istic faith. 
 
 Several other prominent residents whose names appear in 
 these book charges will be remembered by our elderly people. 
 But as something concerning most of them may be found where 
 they are introduced, in alphabetical order, in this volume, it 
 is unnecessary to go into details here. The Enoch Mudge for 
 whom the Dodlor drew a tooth, Feb. 21, 1819, being called from 
 the meeting-house, was Rev. Enoch Mudge, father of the late 
 Hon. Enoch Redington Mudge, and a most worthy minister 
 of the Methodist denomination. Stephen Oliver, to whom $1, 
 borrowed money, were paid, June 10, 1819; Jonathan Connor, 
 who sold the Dodtor six cords of wood, July 21, 18 19; and 
 Jonathan Buffum, who had 10 ounces of tamarinds, May 16, 
 1820, were all among the best-known business men in the place. 
 Mr. Trevett, who borrowed the books, March 5, 1 821, was Robert 
 W. Trevett, the lawyer, who was at that time among the foremost 
 of the Essex bar, and could understand the value of a good book 
 as well as any man in town. Enoch Curtin, who was so sick as 
 to require two visits, Nov. 3, 1821, was the poet whose pen was 
 the one usually in requisition for odes, hymns, and other occa- 
 sional pieces. Alonzo Lewis, who also needed two visits, and 
 medicine, March 29, 1834, was the Lynn bard and historian. 
 Capt. Charles Merritt, who was supplied with pills, Feb, 18, 1835, 
 at the postoffice door, was the deputy sheriff who so acceptably 
 filled that disagreeable office for forty years. 
 
 The items quoted above from the books of Dodtor Hazeltine 
 are quite enough to show his exadlness and methodical way of 
 doing things even in those minor details which to most people 
 appear frivolous. But that orderliness, no doubt, saved him from 
 ,much of the tedious ransacking of the memory and many of the 
 petty disputes to which less careful persons are constantly sub- 
 jected ; and it was certainly an improvement on the method 
 of keeping accounts adopted by another Lynn physician, well 
 known to the writer, who made his charges on all sorts of odd 
 scraps of paper, which he thrust indiscriminately into a bag, to 
 which he resorted and drew out for colledlion when money was 
 wanted. Some of the extrafts ma}' look as if selefted for their 
 quaintness or merely as curiosities ; but we have no such objeft. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hazeltine. 153 
 
 The design is to show the Do6lor's great conscientiousness and 
 care, as well as something of the state of things at that time. 
 
 In his religious connections, Dr. Hazeltine ranked with the 
 Calvinistic Congregationalists. He was rigid and consistent, 
 but yet too high-minded not to deferentially regard the opinions 
 of others. His only daughter, Phebe, a very intelligent and alert 
 lady, though not without noticeable peculiarities, became an 
 Episcopalian ; and we have some recolledtion of her once re- 
 marking that her father expressed approval rather than disappro- 
 bation of her sentiments. His religious tendencies were not 
 merely theoretical, for there was evidently an earnest desire to 
 give them a praflical bearing upon the daily walk. His first 
 book of charges is prefaced by two pages of " Precepts to be 
 read and duly regarded before charging'.' They are chiefly taken 
 from the Scriptures, and if lived up to, would make an almost 
 perfedl man. The twenty-ninth appears as a didlate of " con- 
 science," and reads in this wise : " In all thy endeavors to alle- 
 viate human misery, be careful by no means to increase it, either 
 by negligent, careless, or unfeeling attention to the sick, nor by 
 extravagant charges for thy services, nor by oppressive or inhu- 
 man measures in colledling thy demands." That he was truly 
 conscientious, and never disposed to thwart the kindly endeavors 
 of nature to restore health, by uncertain experiments, cannot be 
 doubted. 
 
 The house in which Dr. Hazeltine lived during the whole 
 of his life here, is still standing on the south side of Essex street, 
 between High and Pearl streets. It was for many years one 
 of the best and most conspicuous in town, and no other building 
 was near enough to obscure the very commanding view. The 
 site was for a hundred and fifty years the chosen seat of a line 
 of worthies of the healing art. Dr. John Henry Burchstead, 
 who came from Silecia, in 1685, settled here ; after him, his son. 
 Dr. Henry Burchstead, lived on the place, and it is thought built 
 the present house, which was subsequently the residence of Dr. 
 Peter G. Robbins, who came in 1805. From the latter. Dr. 
 Hazeltine had it, in 181 7, probably at first, as a tenant, the earliest 
 entry in one of his books being a charge against Dr. Robbins 
 for money paid Micajah Cutler for whitewashing and laying 
 a hearth. It is now so hemmed in by other buildings that a 
 
154 Biographical Sketches. Henchman. Hitchings. 
 
 passer-by would hardly notice it. For many years it was known 
 as the house with the great whale bones for gate-posts, and more 
 often inquired for by strangers, than any other house in town, as 
 the cottage of Moll- Pitcher, the celebrated fortune-teller, stood 
 on the opposite hill-side, and the stealthy visitor thus sought to 
 conceal the real objefl of his inquiry. Dr. Robbins was father 
 of Rev. Chandler Robbins, a prominent Unitarian minister, in 
 Boston, and Rev. Samuel D. Robbins, the third minister of the 
 Unitarian society in Lynn ; and in that house the reverend bro- 
 thers were .born. 
 
 Dr. Hazeltine was born in Concord, N. H., Nov. 28, 1773, and 
 died July 10, 1836, as noted in our Annals of that year. 
 
 Henchman, Rev. Nathaniel — minister of the First Parish, 
 forty-one years ; settled in 1720; died in 1761, aged 61. His 
 residence was on North Common street, a few rods east of Mall. 
 See Annals, 1761. 
 
 Hentz, Caroline Lee — an accomplished prose writer. See 
 Annals, 1680. 
 
 Hitchings, Major Ezra — was born April 15, 1765, in what 
 is now Saugus, and died at his residence in Lynn, Nov. 26, 1829. 
 For many years he was one of the most marked characters in 
 the town and had great influence, though not generally in the 
 most prominent offices. His military title was conferred by 
 the position he held in the militia regiment of Lynn. He was 
 also a freemason, a member of the old fire-club — a voluntary 
 organization for mutual assistance in case of fire — and one or 
 two other brotherhoods, social or benevolent. He loved music 
 and with his neighbor. Master Blanchard, and his bass-viol, no 
 doubt passed many an enjoyable evening hour.. 
 
 But the image of the Major looms up most conspicuously at 
 his West India goods store, on Boston street, at the corner of 
 Federal. There he was to be found at all reasonable hours, 
 ready to deal out his commodities, even to the cent's worth, to 
 discuss religion with the minister or deacon, politics with 'Squire 
 Carnes, Amos Rhodes, the elder, Benjamin Massey, Samuel 
 Mulliken, Daniel Collins, or any town notable ; or to sally forth 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hitchings. 155 
 
 with measuring rod in hand at the beck of any teamster with his 
 load from the woods. And, shifting the scene a little, we behold 
 him if it be a day of military parade, standing at his door, 
 intently watching the evolutions of a straggling militia company 
 in the elaborate exercise of whipping-the-snake, or some similarly 
 pi6luresque manoeuvre, in the little square fronting his premises. 
 
 The business of the Major yielded him a comfortable mainte- 
 nance, but nothing more, for the multiplicity of bad debts, in 
 those days, was a sad draw-back to the retail trader. It was a 
 day of small things. The shoe-manufafturers did a limited 
 business, drew orders on the retailers, and in some cases made 
 periodical failures. He was a careful purchaser and avoided all 
 dishonest tricks of trade ; would not even water the rum he sold ; 
 and could not comprehend the exalted morality of those virtuous 
 brethren in the trade who, with consciences as weak as their 
 own "extended" liquors, sought to convince him that to reduce 
 the. drink was a mercy to the poor deluded toper. 
 
 The Major was in many ways a most valuable man for any 
 neighborhood ; sound in judgment, liberal in opinions, and ever 
 ready to give his best advice to those who sought his counsel. 
 He was not much given to hilarity or jets of humor, but rather 
 inclined to the dignified and thoughtful mood, though by no 
 means unsocial. With his stern sense of duty he had kindly 
 sympathies, though occasional bluntness of expression might give 
 a false coloring to his real feeling. Elderly people paid much 
 deference to him, but from some cause, he failed to secure the 
 good-will of the juvenile fraternity. In short, the boys had httle 
 love for him, though it is not believed that any were inclined to 
 manifest their dislike in a rough way. His dignity of bearing 
 was enough to have prevented any thing of that sort. It was 
 probably difficult for him to come down to their level, if, indeed, 
 he had power to discern where they stood. Some of us were 
 inclined to think he never could have been a boy himself. One 
 day a little fellow went into his store and asked for something 
 for Mr. Benjamin Newhall, and was met with the repellent ejacu- 
 lation, uttered in a voice not the most placid and with an air 
 any thing but winsome, " Why do'nt you say your father ; don't 
 you suppose I know who you are, and who your father is ; I 
 hope I know neighbors who have always lived next door." The 
 
IS6 Biographical Sketches. Holyoke. Hood. 
 
 same lad had occasion presently again to go to the store, and 
 remembering the admonition was careful to say " for my father." 
 " And who is your father 1 " was the quick response, in the old 
 inclement voice ; " do you suppose I know every boy in the 
 street, and who his father is ; why do'nt you give your father's 
 name ? " That boy was pretty sure, ever after, to say, " for my 
 father, Mr. Benjamin Newhall." These remarks are not made 
 for the purpose of casting refledtions on a really worthy man, or 
 to unnecessarily exhibit his foibles, but for the opportunity of 
 suggesting that most of us might profit by the example. It is 
 easy to win the good-will of the juvenile legion by whom we are 
 surrounded, and quite as easy to lose it. And is it not much 
 better to have the sympathy and friendship of those who are 
 growing up around us, and on whom we shall surely be more or 
 less dependent, than to have their ill-will and opposition ? But 
 he was not blessed with any children of his own ; yet he 
 adopted several, whom he brought up in the most creditable 
 manner. In this matter, however, he was seconded by his 
 excellent wife who was undoubtedly entitled to a large share 
 of the praise due for such commendable benevolence. 
 
 The Major was one of the early and adlive members of the 
 Unitarian society, did what he could in a pecuniary way, but 
 more efficiently aided by his exemplary life. His wife was of the 
 same faith. She was a sister of Col. James Robinson, the first 
 postmaster, and a6led well her part in the management of their 
 hospitable and happy home. She was a woman of much force 
 of charadler, lively and sensible ; and her conversation, even in 
 old age, was not only cheerful, but marked by a vein of attraftive 
 humor, and replete with pleasing reminiscences. 
 
 Holyoke, Edward — a farmer and large land-holder ; ances- 
 tor of the respedtable Holyoke family of New England ; a man 
 of note in the Colony and honored in her councils. See Annals, 
 1630, and other early dates. His autograph is on the Armitage 
 Petition. 
 
 Hood, George — the first Mayor of Lynn — was twice eledled 
 to the office, and inaugurated May 14, 1850, and April 7, 185 1. 
 He died June 29, 1859, aged 52. For biographical notice see 
 
Biographical Sketches. Hutchinson. Ingalls. 157 
 
 1865 edition of History of Lynn. See also Centennial Memorial 
 for notice with portrait. A fac-simile of his autograph follows. 
 
 HuMFREY, John — an original Colonial proprietor and Lynn 
 settler — eminent for his attainments, respe6led for his high 
 social position, and honored for his wisdom in council. See 
 Annals, 1634, 1641, and other early dates. The following repre- 
 sents his signature. ^ ji^ J 
 
 HuRD, Rev. Isaac — minister of the First Parish — settled in 
 18 1 3. See Annals, 18 16. 
 
 Hutchinson, Jesse, of the Hutchinson family of singers. 
 The picturesque stone cottage at High Rock, was built by him, 
 in 1847. He died in 1853. See Annals, 1853. 
 
 Hutchinson, Judson J. — also of the family of singers. He 
 died at his residence. High Rock, Jan. 11, 1859, ^S^d 38. See 
 Annals, 1859. 
 
 Ingalls, Edmund and Francis. " The first white men known 
 to have been inhabitants of Lynn, were Edmund Ingalls and his 
 brother Francis." So states Mr. Lewis ; but it is quite certain 
 that others came with them. At the celebration of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement — June 17, 
 1879 — the names of these pioneers were heard on every side, and 
 much curiosity was manifested to view the vicinity wherein they 
 first pitched their tents. The grand procession, in its march 
 through Woodend, halted to enable those who desired, to take 
 a near look at the spot on which stood the humble habitation 
 of Edmund, near Gold Fish pond. At the celebration, too, were 
 read letters from John J. Ingalls, United States Senator from 
 
158 Biographical Sketches. Ireson. Jacobs. Jenks. 
 
 Kansas, and Rufus Ingalls, an officer in the United States service, 
 descendants of Edmund. Many of the hneage have held useful 
 and honorable positions here in the family home, and a number 
 are now counted among our most worthy citizens. See Annals, 
 1629, and other early dates. 
 
 Ireson, Samuel Edwin. Mr. Ireson died of consumption on 
 the 7th of September, 1875, at the age of 44 years. He was a 
 son of Samuel J. Ireson, and a well-educated lawyer, as well as 
 classical scholar, having graduated at Harvard, with the 1853 
 class. After completing a regular course of legal study, he com- 
 menced practice in Boston, but subsequently took an office in 
 Lynn, his native place, and continued with a growing reputation 
 and business, till failing health intervened. In 1873 and 1874 he 
 was City Solicitor ; but his health still declining, he was induced 
 in the spring of 1875, to visit the West Indies. Receiving no 
 substantial benefit, he returned, to close his life in a few months. 
 He was a man of genial manners and liberal views ; had a fine 
 literary taste, and wrote a few poems which were much admired. 
 His funeral took place from the Unitarian meeting-house, which 
 had been his place of worship from childhood, and was attended 
 by the chief officers of the city, by the brethren of the legal 
 profession, and by many friends. He left a widow, but no 
 children. 
 
 Jacobs, Benjamin H. — undertaker at the First Parish for 
 thirty years. He died June 16, 1869, aged "jS. See Annals, 1869. 
 
 Jenks, Joseph. From all that appears, Mr. Jenks came hither 
 from Hammersmith, England, as an operative at the iron works. 
 But he was not destined long to remain in an obscure position, 
 for his skill and ingenuity soon commended him to the notice 
 of the Court and the country at large. And well may he be 
 called the pioneer inventor of America. For his ingenious con- 
 trivances he was granted several patents, and one or two have 
 hardly been improved upon to the present day — notably his 
 scythe. It is said that the dies for the famous pine-tree coins, 
 which all bear date 1652 — though they were struck in different 
 years — were made by him. In our Annals, under date 1654, it 
 
Biographical Sketches, yohnson. 159 
 
 is stated that the seledlmen of Boston agreed with Joseph 
 Jenks " for an Ingine to carry water in case of fire," and that 
 this was the first fire-engine made in America. The order of the 
 town was in these words : " The Sele<5l men have liberty to agree 
 with Joseph Jynks, for Ingins to carry water in case of fire, 
 if they see cause so to doe." This order, it will be observed, is 
 permissive rather than imperative ; and there has been a question 
 whether they did contraft for an engine, or if they did, whether 
 the contract was ever fulfilled, for it is asserted that Boston had 
 no engine till after the great fire in November, 1676, at which 
 time some forty-six dwellings were destroyed, besides shops, 
 warehouses, and "a meeting house of considerable bigness." 
 An opportune rain is mentioned as having done much towards 
 arresting the flames, and some buildings were blown up. But 
 nothing is said about an engine being there. Pemberton seems 
 to have thought that as late as 1711 Boston had no fire-engine. 
 Yet, on the 9th of March, 1702, the town voted that the Sele<?t- 
 men should " procure two water engines suitable for the extin- 
 guishing of fire, either by sending for them to England, or other- 
 wise to provide them." This must have been in addition to one 
 before had, for it was on the same day voted that "The Select- 
 men are desired to get the Water Engine for the quenching 
 of fire repaired, as also the house for keeping the same in." Now 
 might not the one referred to as needing repairs in 1702 have 
 been manufaftured by Mr. Jenks on the order of 1654.? It 
 would have been an old "machine," to be sure, but was no 
 doubt constructed in a thorough manner, and not very frequently 
 called into use. 
 
 Mr. Jenks was ancestor of a rather remarkable line. Joseph 
 Jenks, Governor of Rhode Island from 1727 to 1732, and who 
 was not only applauded for his executive ability but renowned 
 for his personal appearance, being seven feet and two inches tall, 
 was a grandson of his. The late Rev. Dr. William Jenks, an 
 eminent scholar and author, was likewise a lineal descendant. 
 See Annals, 1662, and other early dates. 
 
 Johnson, Caleb. Mr. Johnson is well entitled to be called 
 one of the patriarchs of Nahant — Nahant, that charming " little 
 dukedom," which so warmed the imagination of Secretary Ran- 
 
i6o Biographical Sketches. Johnson. 
 
 dolph, some two hundred years ago, and inflamed his thirst for 
 its possession. He was born in that se6tion of old Lynn, in 
 December, 1778, and there passed his whole life, with the excep- 
 tion of two years, which he spent in another part of the town, as 
 an apprentice at the trade of shoemaking ; and there he died, in 
 1867. At the time of his birth there were but three houses on 
 Nahant, and no other house was eredled there, till he had 
 attained the age of twenty-two, at which time Capt. Joseph John- 
 son built a large house on the western part, which was kept as a 
 hotel, and which was destroyed by fire, on Sunday morning, 
 August 28, 1803. 
 
 Years passed on, and Mr. Johnson remained in the seclusion 
 of his peninsular home, now and then, during the warm season, 
 entertaining individuals or parties who resorted thither for health 
 or recreation, occupying himself chiefly in farming and fishing, 
 by which he gained an ample livelihood. 
 
 By-and-by Mr. Tudor and other gentlemen of taste and culture, 
 appreciating the delights of the place, went thither for summer 
 sojourn, and a refined society accumulated. By the rise in the 
 value of lands Mr. Johnson became comparatively wealthy ; and 
 being surrounded by a promising family, possessing a social 
 disposition, and uncommonly good health, he had many sources 
 of enjoyment. In 1791 he married Olive Hartwell, of Charle- 
 mont, and by her had ten children — seven sons and three 
 daughters. His sixth son, William Frederic, was Mayor of Lynn 
 in 1858, and a Senator in 1862 and '63. 
 
 Johnson, Otis. Mr. Johnson was a son of Enoch Johnson, 
 by his wife Elizabeth Newhall, and was born in Lynn, in 1802. 
 At the early age of sixteen he left his native place for Petersburg, 
 Va., where he remained till 1820, when he removed to Savannah, 
 Ga. ; and there, by diligence and enterprise was able, by middle 
 life, to accumulate a moderate fortune. His business at the 
 south was successfully continued till i860, when he returned to 
 his native place for permanent residence. In the mean time, 
 however, he had eredled a fine mansion on the westerly side 
 of Federal street, and embellished the grounds with rare flowers, 
 and other tasteful adornments. And every season he busied 
 himself with various experiments in the pleasant and instrudive 
 
Biographical Sketches. Johnson. i6i 
 
 mysteries of horticulture. He did much to foster a taste for 
 decorative gardening and the raising of choice fruit ; and for his 
 highly beneficial influence in that direflion is certainly worthy 
 of being long remembered. He was hot ambitious of the ephem- 
 eral distin6tion conferred by public office, though he held posi- 
 tions of trust and responsibility ; among them that of direftor 
 in the City Bank, from the time of its establishment, in 1854, 
 till his death. 
 
 In 1824 Mr. Johnson married, at Savannah, Miss Virginia, 
 daughter of Capt. R. G, Taylor, and by her had ten children, 
 four only of whom survived him. He met death, with Christian 
 serenity, at his residence, in Federal street, on the 17th of Feb- 
 ruary, 1870, aged 68, and was mourned for as a man of kindl)' 
 sympathies, unswerving integrity, and a good citizen. His widow 
 died on the 5 th of February, 1881, aged •]%. 
 
 Johnson, Richard. Mr. Johnson was ancestor of the large 
 and worthy family of the name still among us. His homestead 
 estate was at the east end of the Common, and included the site 
 of the present City Hall, together with a number of acres in and 
 about Johnson street, a thoroughfare that perpetuates his name. 
 His eldest son, Samuel, who was born in 1640, and died in 1723, 
 and whose gravestone, though in a dilapidated condition, still 
 remains in the Old Burying Ground, was known as Lieutenant, 
 and earlier as Cornet Johnson. He and his brother Daniel served 
 in the King Philip war, 1676, and both joined in the petition for 
 remuneration presented in 1685. His name likewise appears as 
 one of the official grantees in the Indian deed of Lynn, executed 
 in x686. The house which he, Samuel, built was a sort of semi- 
 garrison, to which the neighbors might flee in case of any savage 
 demonstration, and will be remembered by many now living as 
 having stood where the present brick house of worship of the 
 First Methodist Society now stands, on the northeast side of Park 
 square. 
 
 Nothing more than a glance at our pages of Annals will be 
 needed to show that the Johnson family has all along presented 
 examples of high chara6ler and great usefulness. The autograph 
 of the patriarchal settler, Richard, appears on the Armitage 
 Petition, page 106. See Annals, 1635 and other dates. 
 
 II 
 
1 62 Biographical Sketches. Keene. Keyser. King. 
 
 Johnson, William F. — seventh Mayor of Lynn — born on 
 Nahant, July 30, 1819. For notice, with portrait, see Centennial 
 Memorial. A fac-simile of his signature is here given. 
 
 T^^^U^-tTK 
 
 Keene, Avis — a preacher in the Friends' Meeting, some 
 sixty years. She died 061. 13, 1867, aged 87. See Annals, 1867. 
 
 Keene, George W. — a conspicuous business man and adtive 
 in public enterprises. He died March 27, 1874, aged 58. See 
 Annals, 1874. 
 
 Kertland, Philip — the first shoemaker here. His name 
 appears on the Armitage Petition, page 106. See Annals, 1635. 
 
 Keyser, George — a tanner — called by Mr. Lewis a miller ; 
 perhaps he followed both occupations. His autograph is on the 
 Armitage Petition, page 106. See Annals, 1630. It was in Mr. 
 Keyser's tan-pit that a child of Thomas Newhall was drowned in 
 1665. "We Robart Potter and John Newhall : understandin by 
 Too Tesfimonies," say a couple of witnesses in the case, " That 
 Thomas Newhalls chilld was drounded in a pett which pett we 
 heard George Keesar saye he digged : farther we doe Testifie 
 that George Keser had a Tanfatt in that pett. I John Newhall 
 doe furder Testifie that George Keyser did take up his fatt and 
 left the pett open." This tan-pit was on the south side of Boston 
 street, about where the tubular wells were driven, in 1880. 
 
 King, Daniel. By referring to our Annals, of early dates, 
 various fafls may be found concerning the King family, who 
 were located chiefly about Swampscott, though they owned lands 
 in other quarters. King's Beach perpetuates the name. They 
 were an enterprising family, and in addition to farming and 
 fishing, carried on a varied sort of commercial business, their 
 traffic extending even to Barbadoes. Papers are yet to be found 
 among our Essex County files, indicating to some extent the 
 
Biographical Sketches. King. 163 
 
 nature and course of their trade. In a memorandum dated May 
 6, 1653, Daniel King, jr. says : " I liave Rec. of my cosen William 
 Guy [of London] a parcell of goods amounting to the valew of 
 fforty ffive pounds, ffourteene shillings nine pence starling money, 
 which goods I have Rec : upon the account of Guy as an Ad- 
 venture by him promising to doe my outmost indeuor for the 
 sale of the aforesaid goods, and to make him returns by Chris- 
 mas next, if," &c. But such "ifs" seem to have intervened 
 that a settlement was long delayed, and the matter finally got 
 into court. Five years after, that is, in 1658, his father, Daniel 
 King, makes the following statement: "Boston, this 14 of Au- 
 gust, 1658. These presents Witnes that I, Daniell King of Lyn, 
 Sener, doe aknowledge that Capt. Jn° Peirce, Commander of the 
 Ship Exchang, hath bene with mee and demanded of mee a debt 
 of aboutt forty fiue pounds which my sone Daniell did Receive 
 in goods of M' Wm Guy, of London, haberdasher ; and my 
 Answer is that my sone Daniel is gone to burbados and hath 
 carried with him goods in order to the making the Returne much 
 more then I can judge will Ballance that ace". And I hope either 
 by this time or very sudenly bee will Returne a satisfaftory acc°." 
 Two years after the foregoing, namely, in 1660, Mrs. Elizabeth 
 King, mother of the delinquent Daniel, jr., comes to the rescue 
 of her son's credit and reputation in the following propitiatory 
 epistle to her nephew Guy : " from Linn, in New England, 
 Decemb"" the 28*, 1660 .... After Respeckts presented these 
 earr to lett you under stand that yours wee have receued, Return 
 you Manny thanks for your patiente lines But being much 
 troubled that wee yett cannot Answer your ends According to 
 your expecktations. Many ways wee have tryed, By Barbudoes, 
 By Bills of Exchange, & By getting of Bever, for you, But as yet 
 canno' proceure anny of them. But By the next shepping I 
 hoape wee shall find out some way or other whereby you shall 
 haue sattisfacktion ; my sonn Ralph & my sonn Blaenny douth 
 Intend if pleas god the Hue and doe well to com for England ; 
 soe hoaping that you will bee pleased to Ad one mitt of patience 
 unto your Aboundance which you have had soe. 
 
 " Resting and Remaining your Ever Loueing 
 Ante tell Death, 
 
 Elizabeth King." 
 
164 Biographical Sketches. Laughton. Leonard. Lewis. 
 
 The " sonn Ralph " was successful in his business, and accu- 
 mulated quite a property for those times. The inventory of his 
 estate, taken July 8, 1689, by Rev. Mr. Shepard, William Bas- 
 sett, and John Ballard, gives an amount of .;£2365 4f. The 
 inventory of the estate of Daniel King, senior, who died May 28, 
 1672, gives an amount of ;£i528 gj. 
 
 Ralph King's name appears first among the grantees in the 
 Indian deed of Lynn. 
 
 iVxTTREDGE, Dr. Edward A. — a physician and humorous 
 writer. He died in Newton, Feb. 25, 1869, aged 58. See An- 
 nals, 1869. 
 
 Laughton, Thomas. The name of this prominent settler, 
 like the names of many others, was in old times spelled in various 
 ways. He was defied Town Clerk in 1672, and remained in 
 the office several years ; was likewise a Selectman for a number 
 of years, and a Representative some ten. He held several other 
 responsible offices ; was a farmer, and lived on Franklin street. 
 Laighton street took its name from him. See Annals, 1635, and 
 other early dates. His name is on the Armitage Petition ; and 
 a fac-simile, taken from a signature of his made in 1668, follows. 
 
 7"-^^^^^^ 5^«^A;yV 
 
 Leonard, Henry and James. These brothers were connedled 
 with the ancient iron works on Saugus river, and became prom- 
 inent in the iron manufa6lure of New England. See Annals, 1642. 
 
 Lewis, Alonzo. A pretty full biographical sketch of Mr. 
 Lewis the bard and historian, may be found in the 1865 edition 
 of our History of Lynn. And in the Centennial Memorial a 
 shorter sketch, with a portrait, may be found. It has been 
 stated that Mr. Lewis, on one or two occasions, in early life, left 
 his native place to seek his fortune elsewhere. His strong 
 
 o 
 
 natural attachment to his home, however, always prevailed, and 
 after a brief absence he was soon again among us. In 1832, at 
 the age of 38, he removed with the determination, undoubtedly, 
 to permanently reside abroad ; and the writer well remembers 
 
Biographical Sketches. Lewis. 165 
 
 his emotion as he handed him the following touching lines for 
 publication. But after an absence of a few months we were 
 again favored by his presence ; and it is not recollefted that he 
 had, during the remainder of his life, any disposition to withdraw 
 from the attraftive scenes of his native place, its sunny hills and 
 silvery streams, or to pitch his tent on any spot where the sound 
 of old Ocean's harp could not be heard. We have always been 
 impressed with the belief that the fourth stanza was founded on 
 a singularly false apprehension, arising in an extremely sensitive 
 mind. He had friends ; strong and loving friends ; and no real 
 foes ; though there were those who could not avoid sometimes 
 'expressing annoyance at eccentricities which occasionally could 
 hardly be called unobtrusive. 
 
 THE BARD'S FAREWELL. 
 
 Farewell ye streams, ye dear loved streams, 
 
 Where I in childhood played. 
 Upon whose marge my youthfal dreams 
 
 Have blest the peaceful shade. 
 No more to hear your rippling song 
 
 Shall I delighted bend, 
 Nor with the loved your banks along 
 
 In twilight converse wend. 
 
 Farewell ye hills whose dewy brow 
 
 These early feet have kist 
 While silent ocean lay below 
 
 Half hid in sleeping mist. 
 Your sunny tops at distance far 
 
 These anxious eyes may view. 
 But never shall the morning star 
 
 Our vanished joys renew. 
 
 Ye early friends, to whom this heart 
 
 Affeftion long has bound, 
 The day has come when we must part, 
 
 And share affeftion's wound. 
 Your hopes o'er other joys may bloom. 
 
 Your hearts with friendship swell ; 
 But mine shall give no other room 
 
 To aught, except — farewell ! 
 
 And ye, without a cause my foes, 
 
 As o'er life's waves I glide. 
 May haply think upon the woes 
 
 With which ye swelled the tide ; 
 
1 66 
 
 Biographical Sketches. Lewis. 
 
 The injured heart that would have died 
 
 Your slightest griefs to quell, 
 Shall breathe from out its bleeding side 
 
 Forgiveness — and farewell. 
 
 As when the purple ocean flower 
 
 From off its rock is torn, 
 ■ Submissive to the tempest's power, 
 
 By which 'tis onward borne. 
 So shall my heart sustain the storm 
 
 Its hopes in vain would quell, 
 And dying, breathe in accents warm. 
 
 My friends — my home — farewell ! 
 
 No extended notice of Mr. Lewis is required here, as the 
 sketches already referred to will furnish sufficient information to » 
 meet all ordinary inquiries. But no more appropriate place will 
 be found for the introdu6lion of a pidlorial view of the house in 
 which he was born. It still stands on the north side of Boston 
 street, nearly opposite Bridge. The writer well remembers it for , 
 at least sixty-five years, during which time the exterior has been a 
 little modernized about the door-way, and the blinds have been 
 added. The fence, likewise, is somewhat more artistic than the 
 one Mr. Lewis built with his own hands, some forty years ago. 
 We seem now to see him sitting in that door-way, just as he sat 
 three score years since, in " contemplative mood," enjoying the 
 cool of a summer morning, as we went whistling along towards 
 the cow pasture. 
 
 BIRTHPLACE OF ALONZO LEWIS. 
 
 Mr. Lewis was born on the 28th of August, 1794, and died on 
 the 2 1 St of January, 1861. And it may be of interest here to 
 
Biographical Sketches. Lightfoot. Longley. 167 
 
 reproduce a pidlure of the sea-side cottage in which he died, 
 though it appears in our 1865 edition. 
 
 COTTAGE IN WHICH MR. LEWIS DIED. 
 
 Mr. Lewis was a fine penman, and somewhat ornate in his 
 signature, as the appended fac-simile shows. 
 
 crj'i^rc) 
 
 '^t^-ri'^^^ . 
 
 Lewis, Jacob M. — the fourteenth Mayor of Lynn. He is a 
 native of the place, was born on the 13th of Odlober, 1823, and 
 served in the mayoralty four terms. For biographical sketch, with 
 portrait, see Centennial Memorial. A fac-simile of his signature 
 is here given. ^ ^ /yf ^ ' 
 
 Lightfoot, Francis — whose autograph appears upon the 
 Armitage Petition, page 106, was a man of small means, but 
 respe61:able character. He died in 1646. See Annals, 1635. 
 
 Longley, William. This was no doubt the same individual 
 who figured so strangely in the land claim spoken of in our An- 
 nals, under date 1638 ; and his name is on the Armitage Petition. 
 The Longleys seem to have been often at war with their neigh- 
 bors on account of land claims. Thomas Newhall, so often 
 
1 68 Biographical Sketches. Longley. 
 
 alluded to as the first white person born in Lynn, and who from 
 all that appears was far from being of a quarrelsome disposition, 
 was prosecuted in 1663 for assault and battery committed on the 
 wife of this William Longley while assisting in running a land 
 line. Among other evidence in the case was the following : 
 " The testimony of Elizabeth Newhall y= wife of John Senier, 
 and Mary Haven whoe say"" y' Thomas Newhall Junier was 
 desiered for to howld a poole for to rone a line between Will 
 Longley and John Newhall : y^ say"* Thomas Newhall stode on 
 y= land of John Newhalls : then came y^ two dafters of y'' say^ 
 Longley ; namely Mary Longley & Anna Longley and threue 
 stons at y= say'' Thomas Newhall ; afterwards y'^ say"^ Anna toke 
 up a peace of a pulle & stroke y= say"* Newhall severall blows 
 with it, & presently after y= wife of y^ say"^ Longley came with 
 a broad axe in hir hand and cam to y^ say'' Newhall and violently 
 stroke at y= say"* Newhall with y^ axe, but y^ say^ Newhall sliped 
 aside & soe y^ axe mised him ; o''wise wee cannot but thinke but 
 y' hee had bine much wounded if not killed : then presently after 
 y'= wife of Will Longley laid howld upone y^ poole with hir two 
 dafters to pull y*^ poole away from y^ sayd Newhall : but y' sayd 
 Newhall pulled y= poole from y"". All this time y^ sayd Thomas 
 Newhall did stand upon y= land of John Newhalls. Taken upon 
 oath, 28 I™ '63." The Longleys, in their version, of course gave 
 the affair a different coloring. They testified that Newhall was on 
 one side of their orchard fence, and they on the other ; that they 
 were striving to get the pole from him, all having hold of it ; and 
 one of the daughters goes on to say, " wee had almost pulled 
 the poole out of his hands but his brother John came and helped 
 him and pulled it from us, and after the said Newhall had got 
 the poole again he strucke my mother seueral blows with the 
 poole so that one of her hands was black and blue severall dayes 
 after." It must have been quite a spirited scene there at the 
 orchard fence — the brothers Thomas and John in fierce combat 
 with the sisters Anna and Mary, supported by their belligerent 
 mother. And attention need not be called to the fa6l made 
 apparent by this historical scrap, that then petty neighborhood 
 quarrels, with their exaggerated details and strife-engendering 
 tendencies furnished the same sort of unwholesome food for the 
 inferior courts that they do in our day. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Lovering. Lummus. 169 
 
 LovEKiNG, Henry B. — the seventeenth Mayor of Lynn — was 
 born in Portsmouth, N. H. April 8, 1841. He was inaugurated 
 January 3d, 1881, and so satisfaftorily performed the duties 
 of the ofBce that in December he was ele6led for a second term. 
 He has been for nearly the whole of his business life conne6led 
 in some way with the manufadture of shoes. And that he is 
 deemed a citizen of ability and trustworthiness is sufficiently 
 apparent from the responsible positions he has been called to fill. 
 On the 25th of December, 1865, he was united in marriage with 
 Abbie J., a daughter of Harrison Clifford, and has four children. 
 During the civil war he served in the Union army twenty-six 
 months. While attached to the Third Massachusetts Cavalry, 
 under Gen. Sheridan, he had the misfortune to lose a leg, at the 
 battle of Winchester. A fac-simile of his autograph is here given. 
 
 '^^;-c/tA^^^c<.(p 
 
 LuMM-us, Dr. Aaron — a skillful physician, who was in prac- 
 tice here nearly fifty years. He lived on Market street, aud 
 Tremont street was opened through his orchard. He died Jan. 
 5, 183 1, aged 74. See Annals, 183 1. 
 
 Lummus, Aaron — famiHarly known as "Judge Lummus" — 
 was a son of Dr. Aaron just named, and his title " Judge," arose 
 from his having long presided as a police magistrate. He was 
 grave and deliberate in the examination of causes, but not over 
 cautious in preventing the accumulation of small cases. His 
 occupation as a trial justice was superseded by the establishment 
 of the Police Court, in 1849. He was a Methodist minister before 
 assuming the judicial office, and besides preaching was at times 
 conneded with denominational publications. He wrote consid- 
 erable, but his writings, as a general thing, were didaftic and 
 better calculated to instrud than interest. As a preacher he was 
 sound in do6lrine, but not eminent in the way of oratory. We 
 remember hearing his brother, Charles R, who will come next 
 
I70 Biographical Sketches. Lummus. Mansfield. 
 
 under notice, in his quaint way remark : " Well, there 's my 
 brother Aaron ; he is a good exhorter, and that 's about all." 
 He died March i, 1859, ^S^'i ^2. 
 
 Lummus, Charles F. — the first Lynn printer. He died April 
 20, 1838, aged 37. For biographical sketch see 1865 edition of 
 History of Lynn. A fac-simile of his signature follows. 
 
 "t^^a.*-^ fiA ji^4X^CCC<^ty<^^<A^ 
 
 Mansfield, Andrew. Mr. Mansfield was, properly speaking, 
 our first Town Clerk, and entered upon the duties of the office 
 in 1660. He lived on Boston street in the sedlion still known 
 as Mansfield's end. The early dates of our Annals contain 
 many references to him, as he was aftive and conspicuous. To 
 him we are indebted for the preservation of a record of the land 
 allotments of 1638, which he copied from " out of the Town Book 
 of Records of Lynn," March 10, 1660. And the fac-simile of his 
 signature here given is taken from his autograph appended to 
 that copy. 
 
 Mansfield, Dr. Joseph. This individual, for many years a 
 reputable praftising physician in Groton, Mass., was born on 
 the 17th of December, 1770, in the old Mansfield house, known 
 also as the Moulton house, on the north side of Boston street, 
 opposite the foot of Marion, and was a lineal descendant of An- 
 drew Mansfield, the first Town Clerk. He graduated at Harvard 
 college in 1801, and soon applied himself to the study of medicine, 
 the pra6lice of which he pursued as the business of his life, which 
 terminated on the 23d of April, 1831. 
 
 Mr. Mansfield early exhibited poetic talents which bid fair to 
 place his name among the foremost of American bards. But he 
 seems not to have been ambitious of any such distindlion and 
 hence did not cultivate his rare gift. On the 8th of January, 
 1 800, he delivered a poem in the chapel of Harvard college, for 
 which he took the prize of eighty dollars, offered by the faculty 
 
Biographical Sketches. Mansfield. 171 
 
 for the best metrical produ6lion. The poem is entitled Hope, 
 and is two hundred and twenty-four lines in length. In reading 
 it one is reminded of Pope's philosophical style ; though there 
 are passages in a sentimental vein, and some in a playful. And 
 as it was written at a period of intense political agitation, there 
 are highly patriotic strains. The first and last stanzas, with a 
 single intervening one will be here introduced. 
 
 I am not blest, but may hereafter be : 
 Who knows what fortune has in store for me ? 
 This is the language common to mankind, 
 Nor is to age, or rank, or sex, confined. 
 Hope points to each some not far distant day. 
 When every blessing will his wish obey ; 
 When to possess, he only need require ; 
 Fruition's self will supersede desire. 
 
 See doting parents sedulously trace 
 The opening beauties of their infant's face ; 
 Commencing physiognomists, they find 
 A world of wonders in its features joined; 
 The mother reads, and comments as she reads ; 
 My child was born for more than mortal deeds ; 
 Then Hope steps up and whispers by her side. 
 You cradle in your arms creation's pride. 
 
 » * « * » 
 
 We hope, long as the central orb attracts. 
 Long as the force of gravitation adls, 
 Long as the East is opposite the West, 
 Long as the name of Washington is blest. 
 Long as the atheist hopes to sleep in dust, 
 Long as the sons of anarchy are curst. 
 Long as the future differs from the past, — 
 So long, Columbia, will thy freedom last. 
 But should the monster Faftion break his chains. 
 And fiery demagogues usurp the reins — 
 We hope that future Washingtons may rise. 
 Or rather make a visit from the skies. 
 
 An accident which happened to Mr. Mansfield, as narrated 
 by Mr. John T. Moulton, was so singular as to merit notice 
 here. " While bathing near Chase's mill he was seized with the 
 cramp in his limbs and so disabled that he could not reach the 
 shore, and when found by his companions, who were at work, 
 haying, on the marsh near by, was supposed to be drowned ; 
 but by the application of the proper means he was resuscitated 
 
1/2 Biographical Sketches. Marble. Marshall. Martin. 
 
 and taken home, but did not regain his consciousness for some 
 days. Then, awaking from sleep, he suddenly exclaimed, ' Mo- 
 ther, where have I been ? ' He seemed to have lost what know- 
 ledge he had acquired and his mind was like that of a child, so 
 that it was necessary for him to begin and learn again his letters 
 as he had done when a boy." 
 
 It may not be inappropriate, in closing this notice, to remark 
 that a poetic vein seems to have run in this family connexion. 
 Mr. John T. Moulton, who delivered the much-applauded poem 
 at the reunion of the High School graduates, May 19, 1865, is 
 one of the line ; and Solomon Moulton, of whom a biographical 
 notice with specimens of his writing may be found in the 1865 
 edition of our History, and of whose poetic talents Mr. Lewis 
 frequently spoke in high terms, was an uncle of John T. And 
 this latter gentleman has, among his valuable collection, a number 
 of poems, in manuscript, of Mr. Mansfield, the subjeft of this 
 notice, which it is hoped may at some future time appear in print. 
 
 Marble, Edwin — son of Hiram who in 1852 commenced, 
 under supposed spiritual supervision, the excavation of Dungeon 
 Rock. If possible, Edwin was more firm in the faith than his 
 father. He died at the Rock, January 16, 1880, aged 48. See 
 Annals, 1880. 
 
 Marble, Hiram — a devoted spiritualist, who in 1852, under- 
 took the herculean labor of excavating Dungeon Rock in search 
 of gold and jewels supposed to have been secreted there by 
 pirates, in 1658. He died at the, Rock, November 10, 1868, 
 aged 65. See Annals, 1658 and 1868. 
 
 Marshall, Thomas — a jolly landlord of the old Anchor 
 Tavern, in its palmy days ; and otherwise distinguished among 
 his fellow-townsmen. His autograph adorns the Armitage Peti- 
 tion, page 106. See Annals, 1635, and other early dates. 
 
 Martin, Dea. George. Deacon Martin died on the 17th 
 of December, 1868, aged 68. He was a native of Lynn and 
 deacon of the First Church — Trinitarian Congregational — for 
 the long space of forty-one years, and superintendent of the 
 
Biographical Sketches. Merritt. Moody. Moore. 173 
 
 Sunday school for twenty-five years. His death was by heart 
 disease, and occurred without warning, during a prayer meeting 
 in the vestry of the church, on South Common street, corner of 
 Vine. He had just closed a fervent prayer, when he fell and 
 expired. He was a man of intelligence, kindly feeling, and great 
 integrity of chara6ler ; was industrious and unobtrusive, and by 
 his example turned many to a better life. He was zealously 
 engaged in the temperance cause and other reformatory enter- 
 prises of the day. 
 
 Martin, Josiah — an eccentric character, much given to 
 " pracSlical jokes," so called. He was landlord of the old Anchor 
 Tavern, about the commencement of the Revolution. See An- 
 nals, 1782. 
 
 Merritt, Charles — for many years a Deputy Sheriff of the 
 county, and otherwise conspicuous in public office. He lived on 
 Western avenue near the jun6lion of Summer street, and died 
 March 13, 1877, aged 72. See Annals, 1877. A fac-simile of his 
 signature is here given. -sr-^^S^ yy 
 
 MoNTOWAMPATE — Indian Sagamore of Lynn. See History 
 of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 36. 
 
 Moody, Lady Deborah — a lady of great worth, wealtb and 
 influence, but being unsound in puritanical do6lrine, was subjedied 
 to persecution and loss. See Annals, 1640. 
 
 Moody, True — a faithful sable out-door attendant at Lynn 
 Hotel, in its palmy days — a man of scrupulous honesty and much 
 favored by travellers. He died June 17, 1855. See Annals, 1855. 
 
 Moore, Henry — for more than twenty years principal of the 
 Cobbet grammar school. He lived on Boston street, near Con- 
 gress, and died March 29, 1879, ^g^^^ 5 2- See Annals, 1879. 
 
 Mottey, Rev. Joseph — minister of the Lynnfield Parish, for 
 many years. See Annals, 1821. 
 
174 Biographical Sketches. Moulton. 
 
 MouLTON, Joseph. Mr. Moulton was a native of Lynn, and 
 spent most of his life among us. On the maternal side he was a 
 descendant from Andrew Mansfield, the first Town Clerk. For 
 many years he owned and occupied the house on Boston street, 
 nearly opposite the foot of Marion, in which he was born and in 
 which he died, and which is supposed to be the oldest dwelling 
 now in Lynn. A few of his earlier years were spent in Vermont 
 and western New York, where his fortunes were varied and not 
 always free from hardship and discouragement. But industry, 
 self-reliance, and perseverance, carried him successfully through. 
 He was a tanner and morocco-dresser by trade and on his return 
 to Lynn, in 1837, established himself in the latter branch, which 
 he diligently pursued till it finally yielded him a competency ; 
 and his latter years were passed in quietude, and far above 
 pecuniary want, though he was not exempt from a share of phy- 
 sical suffering, as cruel asthma long held its grip upon him. He 
 was an accomplished antiquary ; was for more than twenty years 
 a member of the Massachusetts Historic and Genealogical Soci- 
 ety and furnished some interesting papers for their publications. 
 In viewing the memorials and contemplating the scenes of the 
 past, he took unwearied delight. With English history and 
 literature he was more than commonly familiar, and there was 
 scarcely a point of New England history on which he did not 
 possess almost exhaustive knowledge. On matters pertaining to 
 our local history he was often applied to for information. And 
 he possessed one trait especially, rare as it is valuable, namely, a 
 readiness to admit ignorance when it existed, and an equal readi- 
 ness to resort to patient investigation. Often have we heard 
 him say to an inquirer, " Well, well, I declare to you I do not 
 know ; but will try to find out ; come again." His reading, 
 however, was by no means confined to historical works. Many 
 delighted hours he spent over the volumes of the old poets, 
 essayists and novelists ; and his memory was so retentive that 
 even in common conversation, he frequently quoted passages — 
 sometimes in an amusing, always in a pertinent manner. He 
 had a library, small but valuable, embracing a few rare works, 
 and was not often deterred by any reasonable expense from 
 gratifying his taste. The writer remembers one day meeting 
 him with a couple of small volumes in his hand. " There," said 
 
Biographical Sketches. Moulton. Mudge. 175 
 
 he, " I have just received these little books from England, and 
 they cost me thirty dollars." 
 
 He was an intelligent horticulturist, and took much pleasure 
 in his garden, especially in experimenting with fruit trees, vines, 
 and flowers, producing some valuable seedlings and some novel 
 and interesting results by inoculation. 
 
 Soon after the breaking out of the civil war, he became the 
 possessor of a bell which had done service on a Louisiana plan- 
 tation, and this he sometimes, on occasions which seemed espe- 
 cially to call for the expression of patriotic feeling, sent clanging 
 through the streets, mounted on wheels. He afterwards gave it 
 to the trustees of Pine Grove Cemetery, and it now hangs in the 
 tower of the keeper's house. 
 
 Mr. Moulton, while in Vermont, was united in marriage with 
 Relief Todd, and by her had five children, to wit, Anne, James 
 T., Charles H., John T., and Walter S. James T. and John T. 
 inherit in a marked degree their father's love for antiquarian 
 studies. He died, very suddenly, Feb. 10, 1873, aged 75 years. 
 
 Moulton, Solomon — a writer of prose and poetry, of much 
 promise. He died May 26, 1827, aged 19. For a biographical 
 sketch, with specimens of his writing, see 1865 edition of the 
 History of Lynn. 
 
 Mudge, Benjamin. Mr. Mudge was born in Lynn, Sept. i, 
 1786. He was the seventh child of Enoch Mudge, who was the 
 father of fourteen children, and was in his turn the father of eleven. 
 Till 18 1 5 his life was passed in Lynn, excepting that for a short 
 time he followed the seas under his brother Joseph. In 1808 he 
 married Abigail Rich, who became the mother of all his children. 
 She died in 1 847, and the next year he married Miss Ardra Cobb, 
 who, surviving him, died on the X4th of December, 1880, at the 
 age of 92. 
 
 In 1815, with his family, Mr. Mudge emigrated to the then 
 "far west," settling at Cincinnati, Ohio. The journey thither 
 was at that time long and wearisome. At Laurel Hill, he had 
 the misfortune to have his leg broken by being thrown from the 
 top of a stage, the accident causing a tedious detention of some 
 two months, and making a serious inroad upon his limited means. 
 
1/6 Biographical Sketches. Mudge. 
 
 He opened a shoe store at Cincinnati, which he continued till 
 1822, when he gave up and returned to Lynn, in anything but a 
 satisfaftory condition, pecuniarily. Possessing an aftive and 
 enterprising mind, and being urged on by the requirements of a 
 growing family, he industriously set to work, and for some years 
 procured a livelihood by semi-literary pursuits. He was con- 
 nefted with Zion's Herald, the Masonic Mirror, and one or two 
 other newspapers, appearing at one time as editor of the Lynn 
 Mirror. In 183 1, he commenced, in Lynn, the Essex Democrat, 
 a weekly paper, warmly spiced with politics of what was then 
 known as the Jacksonian stamp. This he continued about two 
 years, and afterwards derived a moderate income from minor 
 political offices. 
 
 In 1840 he was eledled a Representative to the General Court. 
 He was also an a6ling justice of the peace, county commissioner, 
 and overseer of the poor. He was likewise postmaster from 1843 
 to 1849. 
 
 In 1854 he had the misfortune to fall near the rail-road track, 
 in Ipswich, and before he could recover himself a train passed 
 . over his foot, so injuring it that amputation was necessary. 
 Thus he became lamed for the remainder of his life. 
 
 When about seventeen years of age he conne6led himself with 
 the First Methodist Church, of which his father and mother had 
 long been members, and thence pursued an exemplary walk, 
 through his long life. 
 
 He was Captain of the Lynn Artillery, from 1813 to 1816, and 
 on a night during the war with England, on a sudden alarm 
 instantly summoned his company and marched towards the 
 quarter supposed to be in danger. It proved, however, to be a 
 false alarm. His eldest son, Robert R., born in 1809, graduated 
 from the West Point Military Academy, in 1833, and in 1835 
 was ordered to Florida, to take part in the Seminole war, as 
 Lieutenant under Major Dade, and was killed at Withlacoochie, 
 together with the whole company of one hundred and seventeen, 
 with the exception of three. 
 
 Personally, Mr. Mudge was tall, well-formed, and eredl ; adlive 
 in movement, and of pleasant countenance. He died on the 21st 
 of March, 1874, at the age of Zy years, and was buried from the 
 First Methodist meeting-house, where he had so long worshiped. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Mudge. 177 
 
 A large concourse gathered to take a last look upon the remains 
 of one who in his various social, public, and business relations 
 had maintained a high charadler for integrity and fellow-feeling. 
 
 Mudge, Benjamin F. — the second Mayor of Lynn. He died 
 at his residence, in Manhattan, Kansas, November 21, 1879, 
 aged 62 ; and so great was the respe6l for him, that the citizens 
 of that place erefted a monument over his grave. See Annals, 
 1879. In the Centennial Memorial, is a biographical sketch, with 
 a portrait. A fac-simile of his signature is hereto appended. 
 
 c^c 
 
 MuDGE, Rev. Enoch — an esteemed minister of the Metho- 
 dist connexion, and a writer of some note. " Lynn, a Poem," 
 published in pamphlet form, in 1826, was a production of his. 
 His son Enoch Redington, was the donor of the beautiful St. 
 Stephen's Memorial Church, erefted in 1881. He died in Lynn,. 
 April 2, 1850, aged 74. In the 1865 edition of the History 
 of Lynn may be found a biographical sketch. 
 
 Mudge, Enoch Redington — son of the Rev. Enoch, just, 
 noticed, and the munificent builder of St. Stephen's Memorial 
 Church. He died 061. i, 1881, aged 69 years. See Annals, 1881. 
 
 Mudge, Ezra — a well-known citizen, much in public life. 
 He died May 25, 1855, aged 75. In the 1865 edition of the 
 History of Lynn, a biographical notice may be found. 
 
 Mudge, Ezra Warren. In the Centennial Memorial appears 
 a biographical' notice of Mr. Mudge, with a portrait. He died at 
 his home, on Neptune street, September 20, 1878, aged 66 years- 
 Few persons have ever left the busy scenes of our community- 
 more respedled and beloved or more worthy to be held in grate- 
 ful remembrance. His father, Hon. Ezra Mudge, was thrice 
 married, and by the second and third wives each had seven 
 
 12 
 
178 BroGRAPHicAL SKETCHES. Mudge. 
 
 children, the first wife having died childless. . Ezra Warren was 
 the fourth child by the second wife. He received his education 
 in the schools of Lynn, and in 1828 entered "the dry goods store 
 of Chase and Huse, near the west end of the Common. In this 
 store, first as clerk and then as partner, he remained till 1849, at 
 which time the Laighton Bank — afterwards the Central Na- 
 tional — was established, and he was elefled cashier, and contin- 
 ued to fill the office in a most satisfa6i;ory manner till his last 
 sickness rendered it necessarj' to resign. He held various 
 responsible positions under the old town government ; was a 
 Sele6tman, Town Treasurer, and member of the School Com- 
 mittee. And after the City Charter was adopted he was for six 
 years City Treasurer. In 1856 he was inaugurated as the sixth 
 Mayor, and administered the office two years, his administration 
 being marked by prudence, integrity, and impartiality. During 
 the civil war he was a member of the board of Aldermen, and 
 with that body his opinions deservedly had great weight. 
 
 He had a taste for literature and took great interest in all 
 educational enterprises, was identified with the Public Library, 
 from its foundation, and at the time of his decease was president 
 of the board of trustees. He had a well selefted library, em- 
 bracing, at the time of his death, some three thousand volumes ; 
 and many an hour of pleasant retirement did he spend with those 
 refreshing though silent companions. 
 
 In early manhood he married Miss Eliza R. Bray, of Salem, 
 and became the father of nine children, four of whom survived 
 him. His burial took place from the Second Universalist meet- 
 ing-house, where he had for many years been a worshiper, and 
 was atterided by a large concourse of friends and citizens. His 
 autograph, so familiar from its appearance on the bills of the 
 bank with which he was so long connedled, is here represented. 
 
 ^'^p7€^:>'C^'<:><^j2y^ 
 
Biographical Sketches. Mulliken. Munroe. Neal. 179 
 
 MuLLiKEN, Samuel — third postmaster of Lynn. He died 
 November 25, 1847, aged 86. See Annals, 1847. 
 
 Munroe, Col. Timothy. Colonel Munroe was not of a tem- 
 perament to pass noiselessly through the world ; yet though for 
 many years conspicuous as an ardent politician, and otherwise 
 aftive in local affairs, he was most widely known by his military 
 record. He was a native of Lynn, and died at his residence in 
 Franklin street, on the 25th of May, 1873, at the age of 72 years. 
 
 He was for a number of years Captain of the Lynn Light 
 Infantry, of which company he became a member as early as 
 1 81 7 — a company which has ever maintained a high character 
 for discipline. He was likewise commissioned as Colonel of the 
 Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and was in command at the 
 time of the breaking out of the civil war ; at which stirring 
 period his regiment was hastily summoned and departed for the 
 scene of conflict, joining in the perilous march through Baltimore. 
 He however continued in aftive service but a few months. 
 
 In his religious views he was a steadfast adherent of the Uni- 
 tarian faith ; was one of the early members of the society here ; 
 and from their meeting-house his remains were followed to their 
 last resting place in Pine Grove Cemetery. 
 
 In early manhood he married Miss Rachel Lakeman, and 
 became the father of five children. 
 
 Munroe street, which was laid out through his father's land 
 perpetuates the family name. 
 
 Nahanton — an Indian "wise man." See History of Lynn, 
 1865 edition, page 41. 
 
 Nanapashemet — an Indian Sachem of extensive jurisdidlion. 
 See 1865 edition of History of Lynn, page 34. 
 
 Neal, Peter M. — the tenth Mayor of Lynn. For notice, 
 with portrait, see Centennial Memorial. A fac-simile of his 
 signature is hereto appended. 
 
i8o Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 
 
 Newhall, Anthony. See " Newhall, Thomas and Anthony." 
 
 Newhall, Asa T., of Lynnfield — an intelligent farmer, con- 
 siderably in public life. He died December i8, 1850, aged 71. 
 A biographical notice appears in the 1865 edition of the History 
 of Lynn. 
 
 Newhall, Benjamin F., of Saugus — a man adtive in business, 
 public spirited, and full of industrial resources, intelligent, and 
 a frequent writer for the public journals. He died Oftober 13, 
 1863, aged 61. For biographical notice see History of Lynn, 
 1865 edition. 
 
 Newhall, Francis S. — was largely engaged in the shoe and 
 leather trade, a Senator, and first president of Laighton — after- 
 wards the Central National — Bank. He died Feb. 2, 1858, aged 
 62. See notice in 1865 edition of History of Lynn. 
 
 Newhall, Henry. Mr. Newhall was a lineal descendant 
 from Thomas, one of the first settlers, and his father was Win- 
 throp Newhall, who for many years successfully prosecuted the 
 trade of tanner, his vats being on the west side of Market street, 
 near where the Eastern Rail-road now crosses. The subje6l 
 of this sketch, in company with his brother Francis S., just 
 named, followed his father in the occupation, and added to it the 
 manufafture of morocco. This was really the business of his 
 life, though other pursuits to some extent engaged his attention, 
 and he retired from adlive business with ample means but failing 
 health. His habits were rather retiring than bustling, though 
 he did not shrink from the performance of important public 
 duties. He filled various municipal offices, was a bank diredtor, 
 and on the death of his brother Francis succeeded to the office 
 of president of the Central National Bank, which he continued 
 to fill till a few years before his death. His opportunities for 
 education were limited, but he was fond of reading, and soon 
 began to store his mind with information on almost every current 
 topic, by no means overlooking the literature of the imagination. 
 He was much esteemed for his gentlemanly manners and in 
 rather a marked degree received the social deference so often 
 
Biographical Sketches. Newhall. i8i 
 
 accorded to wealth. The Unitarian society, which was incorpo- 
 rated in 1822, counted him among its early members, and to the 
 end of his life he continued in the faith. He died July 15, 1878, 
 aged 81 years ; and his remains were interred on Linden avenue 
 in Pine Grove Cemetery, by the side of those of his brother 
 Francis, in accordance with the expressed desire of both, who, 
 having through life enjoyed uninterrupted brotherly attachment, 
 wished to lie near each other in their final rest. 
 
 Newhall, Dr. Horatio. Dr. Newhall was born in Lynn, on 
 the 28th of August, 1 798, and was a lineal descendant of one 
 of the first settlers. His mother was Lucy, a daughter of Col. 
 John Mansfield, who was commander of the Lynn regiment at 
 the time the Revolution broke out. 
 
 He fitted for college, at Lynn Academy, partly under the 
 tuition of Samuel Newell, who, with his wife Harriet, afterwards 
 became so famous for their missionary labors in India, and partly 
 under Solomon S. Whipple, subsequently a lawyer in Salem. 
 He entered Harvard College on his birthday, the 28th of Au- 
 gust, 1813 ; and in his class were some whose names will long 
 remain conspicuous among the famous of our land ; among them 
 George Bancroft the historian, Caleb Cushing the jurist and 
 statesman, Rev. Dr. Tyng the divine, and Judge Emerson. He 
 graduated with honor, and soon applied himself to the study 
 of medicine, taking his degree in 1821. There had at that time 
 been an emigration of a number of families from Boston and its 
 vicinity to the then new State of Illinois ; and being in want of a 
 reliable physician, they applied to that distinguished professor 
 of the theory and practice of medicine. Dr. James Jackson, for 
 the sele6lion of one ; and he cordially recommended Dr. Newhall, 
 who very soon after, with his letters of introdudlion, commenced 
 the long and toilsome journey towards the western border of 
 civilization, animated by youthful ardor and manly determination. 
 
 He reached the then little French village of St. Louis in just 
 one month, after travelling day and night. His place of destina- 
 tion lay some fifty miles beyond, and how to reach it was a 
 serious question, there being no public conveyance, and hardly a 
 possibility of securing a wheeled carriage of any kind. However, 
 he finally succeeded in obtaining a French pony and a sort of 
 
1 82 Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 
 
 light wagon. And thus equipped he set forth with the phthisical 
 apprentice of a friendly shoemaker as a guide and companion, 
 and by whom the travelling equipage was to be returned. Dur- 
 ing the first day they got lost on the prairie, but at night reached 
 a log hut, where they were hospitably entertained by the propri- 
 etor, whose name was Mather, and who proved to be a lineal 
 descendant of Cotton Mather the celebrated New England divine. 
 
 The next day they continued their journey over prairie lands 
 in splendid floral garniture, it being the eighth of June. They 
 also saw herds of deer roaming in every diredtion. The young 
 doftor was so inspired by the romance and beauty of the scene 
 that he shouted and capered till his poor companion was seized 
 with amazement and fears that he had become suddenly distrafled. 
 In the afternoon he arrived at the border of the prairie, where 
 were a few settlers. There he dismissed his companion with 
 good advice as to the treatment of the oppressive disease under 
 which he was suffering, and began to administer to his first 
 regular patient. 
 
 At Greenville, in Bond county, he immediately opened an 
 office, and soon found himself in a practice extending over all 
 the adjacent counties. He was in no sense given to idleness ; 
 and besides being very industrious in his profession, was a6tive 
 in public affairs, working diligently to promote the prosperity 
 of his new home. In benevolent enterprises he took an unwea- 
 ried interest ; and it may safely be said that to him are attribu- 
 table the foundation and success of some of the most worthy 
 institutions that have proved such blessings to the great West. 
 And he was a man who never despised small beginnings. In 
 March, 1825, the first Sunday school in Bond county, and the 
 second in the state, was established through his efforts, and of it 
 he was the first superintendent. It was at about that period, 
 too, that he, together with a few other kindred spirits, succeeded 
 in establishing a Bible Society, and one in aid of Domestic 
 Missions. 
 
 In 1827 Dr. Newhall removed from Greenville into the midst. 
 of the Indian country to the mining region. He arrived at the 
 site of Galena, on the 31st of March, having occupied twenty-six 
 days in the tedious and dangerous journey from St. Louis. For 
 a short time he turned his attention to mining; but in 1828 
 
Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 183 
 
 resumed his medical pra6lice, as more congenial. In 1830, he 
 was stationed at Fort Winnebago, as an adling surgeon in the 
 United States army. But in 1832 he returned to Galena and 
 again went into pra6lice there, and in the Black Hawk war, 
 had sole control of a general hospital. The Asiatic cholera, 
 during its devastating march over the country, a couple of years 
 later, proved a great scourge to this region ; and when General 
 Scott removed his head quarters from Galena to Rock Island, 
 he wrote to Dr. Newhall, beseeching him to come to the latter 
 place and exercise his skill in the endeavor to arrest the progress 
 of the pestilence. It fortunately happened that he had made the 
 disease a matter of careful investigation, and was able to render 
 very efficient service. 
 
 During the civil war he did his utmost for the Union cause, 
 though his advanced age was an impediment to his a6live parti- 
 cipation in the stirring scenes of the field. In 1861 he was 
 appointed physician of the United States Marine Hospital, at 
 Galena, and continued to perform the duties till the institution 
 was closed, in 1866. 
 
 The first newspaper published north of the Illinois river — the 
 "Miners' Journal," commenced in 1827 — was edited by him. 
 And the Galena Advertiser, first issued in 1 829, was likewise 
 under his editorial charge. 
 
 Having secured a comfortable home in the West, he became 
 solicitous to share the blessing with a conjugal companion, and 
 accordingly, in 1830, married Elizabeth P. P. Bates, a daughter 
 of Moses Bates, of Richmond, Va. She was a superior woman ; 
 of large and cultivated mind and amiable disposition. The union 
 was a most happy one, and continued till 1848, when death 
 deprived him of her endeared society. They had three sons 
 and three daughters, all of whom survived their father. 
 
 The religious element was marked in the charader of Dr. 
 Newhall from an earlyage. In 1835 he joined the First Pres- 
 byterian Church of Galena; some eight years afterwards was 
 chosen an elder, and continued in the office during the remainder 
 of his life. 
 
 From his extensive correspondence many papers of exceeding 
 interest might be sele6led. But we are compelled to be chary 
 of our space. The following letter to an old college class-mate, 
 
184 Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 
 
 however, which it will be observed was written but a few years 
 
 before his death, contains such points of interest as will fully 
 
 justify its insertion : 
 
 Galena, July 8th, 1863. 
 Col. James W. Seaver, Boston: 
 
 Dear Sir : Your note inviting me to meet the surviving members of the 
 Class of 1817, at the Revere House, on the 14th inst. is received. Absence from, 
 home must be my excuse for not answering it at an earHer day. I could not realize 
 that a half century had elapsed since we entered college, until I reflected upon the 
 vast stride our country has made in its wealth and population during that period. 
 Since I became a resident of Illinois the population of the State has increased from 
 fifty thousand to two millions and a half. Then, I was on the frontier of civilization ; 
 now, my oldest son is a citizen of a State, two thousand miles farther West. It is 
 only twenty-five years since I hired a Sioux guide to conduiSl me to Carver's cave in 
 a wilderness where now is the beautiful city of St. Paul, the capital of Minnesota. 
 Thirty-three years ago, when I was stationed as surgeon at Fort Winnebago, I 
 passed through an Indian encampment of twenty-five hundred Winnebagoes on the 
 Four Lakes, where now is Madison, the seat of government of Wisconsin ; and I 
 have just returned from commencement at Beloit college, of which institution I am a 
 trustee. Thirty years since it was the hunting ground of the Winnebagoes. Less 
 than forty years have passed since this city (Galena) was the favorite dwelling place 
 of the Sacks and Foxes, and to-day we are celebrating the brilliant viftories of our 
 townsman. General Grant, the great Captain of the age. 
 
 If I have been the means of aiding in moulding public opinion in this part of our 
 beloved country, I owe it, in a great degree, to the education I received at old Har- 
 vard. I should rejoice to meet my old class-mates on the 14th inst, but cannot leave 
 home at that time on account of the situation of my family. Give my fraternal regards 
 to those who may be present and believe me to be 
 
 Truly and Sincerely Yours, H. Newhall. 
 
 Dr. Newhall died on Monday, September 19, 1870. "Three 
 days after," says the record of an affe6tionate friend, " we were 
 present at the funeral which took place from the family residence. 
 There were many, very many stricken hearts on that solemn 
 occasion overshadowed with the gloom of the death presence. 
 A large concourse of relatives, friends, neighbors and acquaint- 
 ances assembled to express their sympathy with the living and 
 their reverence for the dead. The room and coffin were profusely 
 decorated with choicest flowers tastefully arranged. It was 
 fitting ; he loved them in life ; and in the firlness of life above, 
 he no doubt was enjoying the sweetness and beauty of those 
 that bloom fadelessly in paradise — the garden of blessedness. 
 
 " When at four o'clock on the 22d of September we affedlion- 
 ately and sorrowfully committed his remains to the earth — dust 
 to its kindred dust — we could not but feel, that, for his body, 
 worn out in the service of duty, there was to be a glorious awakr 
 
Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 185 
 
 ening and renewal by the Mastgr, who said, ' I am the resurrec- 
 tion and the life ; ' and there was deep solace in the Voice from 
 heaven, saying write, ' Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.' 
 " Encircled in a garland of delicate flowers and green foliage 
 was a miniature sheaf of ripe wheat lying upon the coffin which 
 contained the inanimate form of the departed saint. The design 
 was appropriate and significant : ' Thou shalt come to thy grave 
 in full age, like as a shock of corn cometh in his season.' " 
 
 Newhall, Isaac, of Mall street. By referring to page 540 
 of the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, the reader will find a 
 notice of this individual, who was a native of the place, and estab- 
 lished something of a literary reputation by his letters on Junius. 
 It is hardly probable that he anticipated the rank his little work 
 was destined to attain so soon after he had ceased to be moved 
 by anything the world could say of it or of him. The writer 
 well remembers that when the volume appeared, in 1 831, it was 
 somewhat talked about, but probably not many copies were circu- 
 lated in Lynn. The truth is, it was upon a subjeft concerning 
 which very few in our community knew much, and to most 
 of those few it had little interest. It was to the learned class 
 of statesmen and politicians, rather than to the mere partisan, 
 that it commended itself. But yet a sort of romantic interest 
 attended its advent, it being so unaccountable that a man of Mr. 
 Newhall's hum-drum vocation, could, while pursuing his daily 
 routine, be pondering on themes that agitated the minds of a 
 Burke and an Eldon. 
 
 In an address delivered by Hon. Charles W. Upham, of Salem, 
 before the Essex Institute, in 1868, appeared a warm recognition 
 of the success of Mr. Newhall, and interwoven were graphic allu- 
 sions to his personal traits, habits, and pursuits. Said the 
 speaker : " Behind the counter of a retail store on Essex street, 
 [Salem] was to be found a person pursuing the daily routine of a 
 most unpretentious life, apparently thinking of nothing else than 
 the accommodation of customers, in the exhibition of his stock, 
 and measuring out, by the yard, linen, cotton, ribbons, and tape. 
 He was apparently beyond middle life, of a mild and courteous 
 demeanor, quiet, and of few words. There was, it is true, in his 
 mien and manners, a combined gentleness and dignity, that 
 
1 86 Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 
 
 marked him as differing from the common run of men, but 
 nothing to indicate the tenor of his peculiar mental occupations. 
 The leisure hours of that man were employed in patient, minute, 
 comprehensive and far-reaching researches in books, quarterly- 
 journals, magazines and political documents, guided by a culti- 
 vated taste, keen discrimination, familiarity with the best models 
 of style and thought, and intimate acquaintance with the bio- 
 graphical details of all the prominent public charadters of Eng- 
 land, and their personal, family, and party relations to each 
 other, that enabled him to grapple with a subjedl that was 
 engrossing and defying the ingenuity of them all, and thereby to 
 place himself as a peer among the literati of his day." 
 
 Mr. Newhall was not in any marked degree successful in life, 
 as most people estimate success ; that is, he did not become 
 rich ; but he lived in comfort, maintained a respe6table position, 
 and died in peace, at the old family mansion, on Mall street, in 
 which he was born, and which has since been removed to give 
 place for the fine modern dwelling of Mr. John T. Moulton. He 
 was an elder brother of Dr. Horatio Newhall, a sketch of whom 
 has just been given, was born on 24th of August, 1782, and died 
 on the 6th of July, 1858. 
 
 Newhall, Isaac, of Marianna street. Mr. Newhall died at 
 his picturesque residence near the eastern border of the city, on 
 the 22d of February, 1879, ^t the age of 65 years. He was a 
 native of Lynn, and a diredl descendant from one of the first 
 settlers ; was a man of great decision of character and uncom- 
 promising integrity ; active in business and public enterprises ; 
 not easily diverted from any course deliberately adopted, nor 
 over-patient with those who undertook to thwart his plans ; was 
 faithful to friends, and no time-server or selfish cringer. He 
 loved to retire from the unsatisfying turmoil of business to his 
 rural estate upon our eastern highlands, where he possessed 
 many acres which he had brought from a rough and unproduc- 
 tive condition into rich bearing, there to enjoy the society of his 
 affedlionate family, and social intercourse with friends and neigh- 
 bors. He was not much in public office, though he served as 
 an Alderman, in 1851, and again in 1873. In his religious views 
 he was liberal. Though of Quaker parentage, he in early life 
 
Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 187 
 
 became attached to the Unitarian denomination. But in after 
 years, with his family, he worshiped with th6 Methodists. By his 
 own request, however, his remains were buried from the Friends' 
 meeting-house, and the funeral services were attended by a large 
 number of business men, as well as relatives and friends. For 
 several years he suffered greatly from severe neuralgic attacks, 
 which he bore with great fortitude, and for the relief of which he 
 submitted to dangerous surgical operations. He made very free 
 use of tobacco, insomuch that at one period of his life he was 
 commonly spoken of as always appearing with a cigar in his 
 mouth. Whether this habit occasioned or aggravated his terrible 
 disease, was never, so far as the writer knows, determined. 
 
 Mr. Newhall was twice married, and left a widow and several 
 children. An elder brother of his — John Bailey Newhall — was 
 possessed of an observing mind and roving disposition, and had 
 he lived no doubt would have made a mark in the literary world. 
 It is not derogatory to compare him to Bayard Taylor. They 
 were about equally educated, and commenced their travels a-foot 
 not far from the same time ; and their letters were similarly 
 interesting and graphic in style. As it was, though he died 
 young he gave some attraftive ledlures about the Indians with 
 whom he fraternized during his rovings beyond the western fron- 
 tier ; and his epistolary accounts of pedestrian rambles in Europe 
 were much read. 
 
 Newhall, Jacob — landlord of the famous tavern on the 
 Boston road, in revolutionary times. He was born May 3, 1740, 
 and died June 18, 1816. For biographical notice see History 
 of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 494. 
 
 Newhall, James R. — was born on Christmas day, 1809, in 
 the old Richard Haven house, afterwards known as the Hart 
 house, which stood on Boston street, corner of North Federal, 
 till 1876, when, at the dawn of the great Centennial Day, July 4, 
 it " ascended up " in a patriotic blaze. For biographical notice 
 and portrait see Centennial Memorial. 
 
 Newhall, Joseph, mentioned on page 484 of the 1865 edition 
 of the History of Lynn, was a man of considerable note in the 
 
1 88 Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 
 
 town, and much respefted. In 1696, the town granted him 
 liberty to " sett up a pewe in )"= east end of y= meeting house 
 Between y' east dowre & the stares ; prouided itt does nott 
 prejudice the going up y" stares into y* gallery, & maintains so 
 much of the glas window as is against s"^ pewe." He was a 
 member of the General Court, and died while in office. And in 
 this connedtion it may be remarked that the pay of Representa- 
 tives and indeed of all public officers, was at a rate that did not 
 encourage that degree of hankering for official position so lament- 
 ably prevalent in our time. Upon the records is found this 
 item of account with Mr. Newhall : " Dec. 1706 to his serueing a 
 Representative at the generall court in the year 1705, untill his 
 death, "jS days at 3s per day — ii;^ 8^ o^." True, the value 
 of money was at that time very different from what it is at present ; 
 but the difference was not sufficient to make office the matter 
 of anxious seeking that it now is. 
 
 Mr. Newhall perished while on his way from Boston to Lynn, 
 in a great snow storm, in January, 1705-6. His grave-stone is 
 in the Old Burying Ground, near the western wall ; it gives his 
 age as 47, and his title as Ensign. He had eleven children, all 
 of whom survived him. 
 
 Newhall, Josiah — a prominent and public spirited citizen — 
 born January 17, 1790, died November 7, 1842. His residence 
 was at the east end of the Common. For biographical notice 
 see History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 533. 
 
 Newhall, Gen. Josiah. General Newhall was born in Lynn, 
 in the distrift now constituting Lynnfield, on the 6th of June, 
 1794, and was a lineal descendant from Thomas, the early settler. 
 His long and adlive life closed on the 26th of December, 1879. 
 During several years of his earlier manhood he followed the 
 profession of teaching but as time advanced retired to the more 
 congenial employment of agriculture. He however retained his 
 love for study, and became quite proficient in some branches, his 
 attainments bearing his fame even to the other side of the Atlan- 
 tic, where, in 1876, he received the honor of being elefted a 
 fellow of the Royal Historical Society of Great Britain. He 
 served in the war of 1812, and was afterwards much interested 
 
Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 189 
 
 in military affairs, attaining the rank of Brigadier General in the 
 Massachusetts Militia. When General Lafayette reviewed the 
 troops on Boston Common, during his visit to America, in 1824, 
 he was present in command of a regiment. 
 
 Lynnfield was incorporated as a separate town, in 18 14, and 
 General Newhall was her first Representative in the General 
 Court. He served also in 1826 and '27, and again in 1848. In 
 the administration of President Jackson, he held an office in the 
 Boston Custom House. He also at different times filled impor- 
 tant local offices. But his most congenial and satisfying resort 
 was the honorable occupation of farmer and horticulturist. There, 
 the results of his experiments and suggestions were often of much 
 value. He was kind-hearted, genial in manners, and ever ready 
 to lend a helping hand to the deserving who needed assistance. 
 The last time the writer had the pleasure of meeting him, was 
 on the occasion of the celebration of the Two Hundred and 
 Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of Lynn, June 17, 1879. 
 He seemed greatly to enjoy the proceedings, and as the open 
 carriage in which he sat moved along in the procession, on that 
 pleasant forenoon, was in fine spirits and highly interested in 
 observing the many evidences of thrift and improvement. 
 
 His wife was Rachel C, a daughter of Timothy Bancroft, and 
 they were the parents of nine children, only two of whom sur- 
 vived him. 
 
 Newhall, Thomas and Anthony. These two individuals, 
 who were among the earliest settlers of Lynn, were brothers ; and 
 the first white child born within our borders was a son of the 
 former, who, at his baptism, which took place immediately after 
 the arrival of Rev. Mr. Bachelor, received the name of Thomas, 
 a name which seems to have been a favorite in the family as far 
 back as it can be traced. In the 1865 edition of our History 
 of Lynn may be found such genealogical references as will enable 
 many of the line living at this day, to trace their kinship. Dr. 
 James A. Emmerton and Henry F. Waters, Esq., of Salem, a 
 few years since, in their researches in the old country, found in 
 the English archieves, the will of Thomas Newhall, dated in 
 1498, and proved April 22, 1499; and from that testator, it is 
 concluded, the Newhalls of Lynn descended. The will is in 
 
IQO Biographical Sketches^. Newhall. 
 
 Latin, and names the testator's brother Hugo, his daughters 
 Margaret and Elizabeth, and other females, who may have been 
 married daughters. It also names William, Stephen, and Thomas 
 Newhall. To the latter, one cow is bequeathed. The executors 
 nominated are, " Thomas Newhall and Emmota my wife." That 
 the testator was a devout churchman is indicated by this bequest : 
 " My soul to God, the blessed Mary and all the saints, and my 
 body to be buried in the chapel of Witton." And to the " Abbat 
 and Convent of the Blessed Mary of Vale Royal, 5 marcas," are 
 given. If the worthy old yeoman could have anticipated the 
 extent to which his New England descendants would have 
 swerved from the faith he cherished, it is feared that he would 
 not have left the world in a particularly serene state of mind. 
 
 Oliver Cromwell seems to have been the owner of a manor 
 called Newhall ; and indeed the writer remembers to have seen 
 the names " Croumwell " and, Newhall in some way conne6led 
 far back in English history. But the Protedlor, finding the 
 possession yielding but little, or perhaps being pushed for means, 
 in 1656 expressed a desire to dispose of the estate. The following 
 letter to his son-in-law, a photographic copy of which is in the 
 
 Mint Museum, at Philadelphia, is upon the subjeft : " Sonn , 
 
 you knowe there hath often beene a desire to sell New-hall, 
 because in these 4 years past it hath yielded very little or noe 
 proffit att all, nor ever did I heare you ever liked it for a seate. 
 It seems there may be a chapman had whoe will give 18.000/. it 
 shall be either layed out where you shall desire, at M"' Wallop's 
 or elsewhere and the monie put into SpofFer's hands in trust to 
 be soe disposed or I shall settle Burleigh w'=h yields me 1 260 to 
 1300Z. besides the woods. Waterhouse will give you further 
 information. I rest y' lovinge ffather Oliver, P. 
 
 " My love to y' father and mother and your dear wife. May 
 29, 1656." 
 
 There has been a question whether the names Newhall and 
 Newell were originally identical. Many have contended that 
 they were not ; yet there is a will of Thomas New^//, proved 24 
 September, 1529, which mentions the testator's sister Margaret 
 New/za//. Must not this same Thomas Newell have been the 
 son and executor of the Thomas Newhall before named, for we see 
 that he had a sister Margaret ? If the names were originally 
 
Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 191 
 
 separate, it is quite certain that they were sometimes used inter- 
 changeably, perhaps through ignorance, for it is not too much to 
 admit that in the course of generations there may have been 
 even, in that brilliant family, an individual or two who might 
 ignorantly toy with the name. In " Traditions of Edinburgh," 
 by Robert Chambers, it is mentioned that Sir Walter Pringle 
 was raised to the bench in 1718, and called " Lord Newhall." 
 
 In Copp's Hill burying ground, Boston, is a grave-stone bear-" 
 ing this inscription : 
 
 Here lies buried the Body of 
 
 Nathaniel Newel 
 
 Aged 73 years deed Nov ye 29 1731 
 
 And upon another stone, in the same burial place is this : 
 
 Here lyes Buried the Body of 
 
 Nathanael Newell Junr 
 
 aged 26 years 10 mo & 15 days deed April ye 
 
 24th 1717 
 
 Now these persons were, without doubt, a grandson and great- 
 grandson of Anthony Newhall, who so early settled in Lynn. 
 Nathaniel the elder, who died in 1731 was born in Lynn, in 
 1658, and his son was born here, June 11, i6go; these dates 
 appear on the records, and clearly identify the persons, as the 
 family is known to have removed to Boston, in or about 1691, 
 and occupied a house in the vicinity of Copp's Hill. Yet it will 
 be noticed that on the grave-stone of the elder, the name is 
 spelled Newel, and on that of the younger Newell. And, more- 
 over, the christian names are spelled differently ; all which may 
 be attributable to the ignorance or carelessness of the stone-cutter, 
 in connedlion with the fadl that even then not much importance 
 was attached to uniformity in spelling. It will be observed that 
 Nathaniel, jr. died young, but he left a widow. His father was a 
 ship-carpenter, and evidently a man of means and good chara6ter. 
 In our notice of Nathaniel Handford, page 142, for whom he 
 received his baptismal name, there appears evidence that great 
 confidence was reposed in him. 
 
 Having alluded to the favor with which the baptismal name 
 Thomas has been regarded in the family as far back as the line 
 can readily be traced it may be mentioned that among those 
 now bearing it is Thomas A. Newhall, of Philadelphia, a native 
 of Salem, Mass., a son of Gilbert, and grandson of Col. Ezra, 
 
192 Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 
 
 of the Revolution. He went to Philadelphia, in 1830, a lad 
 of sixteen years, having previously served for a while in the office 
 of Dana, Fenno and Bolles, money and note brokers, in State 
 street, Boston. In due time, by assiduity and business capacity, 
 he becatne prosperously established in the home of his adoption, 
 and yet remains there, enjoying the fruit of his industry and the 
 respedl of an appreciative community. He is father of one 
 daughter and the patriarchal number of ten sons, several of the 
 latter being established in honorable business around him. Capt. 
 Walter S. Newhall, a commander in the Third Regiment of Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteer Cavalry, during the civil war, and who lost 
 his life in the service, was one of his sons, and one of six brothers 
 who were in the army at the same time, receiving high commen- 
 dation for the spirit and discretion with which they discharged 
 their perilous duties. Lieut. Col. Frederic C. Newhall, another 
 son, was Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of Lieutenant 
 General Sheridan, and served during the entire war, from the fall 
 of 1 86 1, when he entered the army as a Lieutenant, till mustered 
 out, at New Orleans, in 1865. This latter is the author of the 
 volume entitled " With General Sheridan in Lee's Last Cam- 
 paign" — a work forming one of the most valuable contributions 
 to the literature of the war. His graphic description of the expi- 
 ring throes of the Confederate army are almost pathetic. During 
 Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, six of the brothers were at the 
 front ; and the youngest, Charles, being at the Agricultural 
 School, in Centre county, wrote to his father that as there was 
 not time to wait for an answer to his request for permission to 
 "join the other boys," he should go, " knowing it would be all 
 right." Several of the brothers are well-known as among the 
 best American players of the good old English game of cricket, 
 which is still held in high esteem in and about Philadelphia and 
 New York. 
 
 In view of the fafts stated regarding the family of Mr. Thomas 
 A. Newhall, and others of the surname spoken of in this volume, 
 it will be seen that some of the transplanted Newhalls of the old 
 Lynn stock, have so conduced as to reflect enduring honor on 
 the name, however delinquent we of the indigenous branches 
 have remained. 
 
 For many years our Philadelphia friend has taken much inter- 
 
Biographical Sketches. Newhall. 193 
 
 est in our family history, and for what he has done deserves the 
 thanks of the entire brotherhood. He was, as just remarked, a 
 grandson of Col. Ezra of the Revolution — the latter being a 
 great-great-grandson of Thomas, the first of European parentage 
 born here. He, Col. Ezra, was Captain of the Lynn Minute 
 Men at the opening of the Revolution, but in consequence of 
 the delay of Col. Pickering from Salem was not present at the 
 battle of Lexington. Nor was he present at the battle of Bunker 
 Hill, as he was attached to Col. Mansfield's regiment, as senior 
 Captain. Col. Mansfield, it will be borne in mind, was cashiered 
 for " remisness and backwardness in the execution of duty," on 
 that memorable occasion. Col. Ezra, in earlier life, was an 
 officer in the French war, under Col. Ruggles. Subsequent 
 to the battle of junker Hill, he was Major, then Lieutenant 
 Colonel in Colonel Putnam's Fifth Massachusetts Regiment, 
 and so continued to the end of the war. He was twice marriedi. 
 His first wife was Sarah Fuller, of Lynn, and his second, Elsie 
 Breed, also of Lynn. After the establishment of peace, in 1783V 
 he removed to Salem, purchased an estate on Essex street, and 
 there resided till his death, which took place on Fast day, April 
 5, 1798, at the age of 66 years. He has always been spoken 
 of as a brave and prudent officer, and a worthy and beloved 
 citizen. There is abundant evidence that while in the army he 
 was very popular with his companions in arms. While the 
 regiment was encamped at Winter Hill, some dissatisfadlion was 
 manifested concerning the rank of the captains and other officers, 
 as they stood on the brigade major's books. The captains there- 
 fore, on the 27th of August, 1775, held a meeting and voted to 
 " settle the rank of officers by lot, and abide thereby ; " at the 
 same time voting that Captain Ezra Newhall should rank as first 
 Captain. 
 
 It may be mentioned in this connection, that Mr. Charles L. 
 Newhall, of Southbridge, Mass., a few years ago undertook the 
 preparation of a genealogy of the Newhall family and coUedled 
 a considerable amount of material, but from some cause was led. 
 to abandon his enterprise, and Mr. Thomas A. Newhall, of whom, 
 we have been speaking, took measures to have the materials- 
 thus collected placed in the hands of Henry F. Waters, Esq. 
 of Salem, who diligently followed up the researches, corredling 
 
 13 
 
194 Biographical Sketches. Nye. Oliver. 
 
 errors and adding new matter, till a very satisfaftory result has 
 been reached , and the whole will undoubtedly soon appear in 
 print, some portions having been already given to the public 
 among the historical papers of the Essex Institute. 
 
 The will of Anthony Newhall, who died in Lynn, January 31, 
 1656, mentions his son John and grandchildren Richard and 
 Elizabeth Hood. His house was on the east side of Federal 
 street. 
 
 Nye, Dr. James M. — a reputable physician and scientist. 
 He died April 21, 1872, aged 53 years. See Annals, 1872. 
 
 Oliver, Stephen. Mr. Oliver died at his residence on Blos- 
 som street, March 15, 1875, at the mature age of 89 years. He 
 passed a busy and useful life, and under the old town government 
 was much in public office. Being an a6live politician, and full 
 of interest in passing events, and withal a ready and racy writer 
 on current local affairs, he exercised considerable influence. 
 During the earlier years of the anti-masonic excitement he was a 
 stalwart advocate of the cause ; was one of the most pungent 
 writers in the old Lynn Record ; and was a delegate to the 
 national anti-masonic convention, at Baltimore, which in 1831 
 nominated William Wirt for the presidency. His zeal in the 
 cause seemed sometimes to outrun his discretion, till it rather 
 suddenly waned, and he became a warm adherent of the whig 
 party. He strongly advocated the re-chartering of the United 
 States Bank. In 1836 and 1840 he was a member of the State 
 Senate ; and for a short time, under President Harrison, post- 
 master. Being diligent and on the whole — though he had 
 " ups and downs " — successful in business, he provided well for 
 a large family, engaging at different periods in various occupa- 
 tions, but chiefly in the retail dry goods and shoe-manufa(5luring 
 lines. 
 
 In one of so much versatility it could hardly be expedled that 
 literary aspirations would remain altogether dormant ; and hence, 
 in addition to his political newspaper writings, which, by the 
 way, were usually timely and telling, he sometimes appeared as 
 an essayist or ledlurer ; and in all his produftions there was a 
 vein of good sense and good nature that 'secured attention. In 
 
Biographical Sketches. Patker. Parsons. 195 
 
 verse, too, he occasionally beamed forth, one or two of his pro- 
 du6lions eliciting favorable comment ; but generally his efforts 
 at versification did not extend beyond the newspaper advertise- 
 ment, where, being stimulated by the exigencies of trade, he was 
 quite felicitous, entirely out-doing a neighbor of his, who, being 
 a sort of rival in business, thought it meet to attempt to rival 
 him in the poetic arena. 
 
 Under some circumstances, there can be hardly a doubt> Mr. 
 Oliver would have become conspicuous in a field far more exten- 
 sive than the county of his birth. He was ready with tongue as 
 well as pen ; not lacking in assurance, shrewd and discriminating, 
 though perhaps a little too uncompromising as a partisan. 
 
 In person he possessed some noticeable features, was well-pro- 
 portioned, and bore the marks of a firm and healthy constitution. 
 His residence was for a long time on South Common street, the 
 site being that afterwards occupied by the mansion of his son 
 Stephen, and later still by St. Stephen's Memorial Church. 
 
 He was of Quaker parentage, but on his marriage, which was 
 "out of the meeting," was disowned, though he continued to 
 worship with the society. Six sons and one daughter, of his nine 
 children, survived him. 
 
 Parker, Thomas — lineal ancestor of Rev. Theodore Parker. 
 His autograph is among those appended to the Armitage Petition, 
 page 106. He removed to Reading. See Annals, 1635. 
 
 Parsons, Rev. Obadiah. Mr. Parsons was minister of the 
 First Parish some eight years, having been installed February 4, 
 1785. He preached in the house known as the Old Tunnel ; and 
 it was during his pastorate that the parsonage was erefted, 
 though there were "parsonage lands," so called, before that 
 period. The parsonage occupied the site now forming the south- 
 east corner of South Common and Commercial streets, the last 
 named street having been opened in 1832, at which time the 
 house was removed to its present location, at the south-west 
 corner of Commercial and Neptune streets. 
 
 Mr. Parsons was a man given to such irregularities and indul- 
 gencies, as was charged, that the spiritual condition of the parish 
 during his pastorate, was at a low ebb. Grave suspicions were 
 
ig6 Biographical Sketches. Patch. Perkins. Perky. 
 
 afloat, touching his moral charafter, even before his settlement, 
 and while here, some things occurred calculated rather to confirm 
 than remove 'the suspicions. He was, at least, a man of such 
 convivial habits as in our day would be likely to exclude one 
 from the ministry ; but then it was a time when such habits 
 were indulged in by preachers as well as people. And an apt 
 illustration of the prevailing custom occurred at the time of the 
 ere6lion of the parsonage, just referred to, a work in which Mr. 
 I'arsons took a lively interest. The story is, that a number 
 of the parishioners of small means were surprisingly liberal in 
 the amounts they subscribed in furtherance of the good objeft, 
 though it was understood that their offerings would be received 
 in the form of labor upon the premises, at a fixed price per day. 
 The work went bravely on. The contributors were highly 
 applauded for their generosity, and the building committee 
 praised for their liberality in arranging with a neighboring retailer 
 for a supply of "refreshments," as they might be called for. 
 Cheerily and rapidly the work progressed to completion. And 
 then — when the accounts were brought together, the contra6ting 
 parties were astonished to find that the retailer's score for rum 
 alone exceeded in amount all that class of subscriptions ; to say 
 nothing of the other " refreshments " in the shape of crackers and 
 salt-fish. See Annals, 1792. 
 
 Patch, Charles F. Mr. Patch died on the 24th of January, 
 1873, after a sickness of three days, aged 27 years, leaving a 
 widow but no children. He was a son of Joshua Patch, who 
 was long engaged in the lumber business here. The deceased 
 was a young man of much promise, had been a member of the 
 Common Council, and at the time of his death was on the second 
 year of his service as City Treasurer. He was a freemason, and 
 several lodges of the order attended his burial. 
 
 Perkins, Dr. John, of Lynnfield — an eminent physician and 
 learned writer. He died in 1780, aged 85. See Annals, 1780. 
 
 Perley, Dr. Daniel — a skillful physician and much esteemed 
 citizen. He died at his residence on Breed street, January 
 31, 1 88 1, aged 77. See Annals, 1881. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Phillips. Pierson. 197 
 
 Phillips, George W., of Saugus, a brother of the "silver 
 tongued " orator, Wendell Phillips, and a lawyer of high standing. 
 He died July 30, 1880, aged 70. See Annals, 1880. 
 
 Pierson, Rev. Abraham — a profound scholar, and father 
 of the first president of Yale College. By reference to our An- 
 nals under date 1640, it will be seen that some doubt was enter- 
 tained as to the place of residence of this individual. But it 
 appears by both Savage and Sprague that he must have lived 
 here ; or at least that his son Abraham, the college president, 
 was born here in 1641. The chair in which president Pierson 
 was accustomed to sit is still preserved among the college treas- 
 ures, and a picture of it may be seen in Harper's Magazine, 
 volume 1 7, page 2. There is no doubt that the church composed 
 of Long Island emigrants, was formed at Lynn, in November, 
 1640, and that Mr. Pierson, the elder, was at the same time 
 installed as its minister, the celebrated Hugh Peters taking part 
 in the exercises. He appears to have come from Yorkshire, to 
 have graduated at the University of Cambridge, and to have 
 preached for a time in England under Episcopal ordination. He 
 graduated in 1632 and arrived in New England in 1639, 3-"^ 
 hence could have been here but a short time before leaving for 
 Long Island. That he was rigidly set, like many others of the 
 early New England clergy, in his views touching ecclesiastical 
 authority, maintaining that none but church members should be 
 allowed to vote or hold civil office, is quite apparent. And it is 
 likewise apparent that he was regarded by his cotemporaries as 
 a man of high chara6ler and great usefulness. Mather says, 
 " wherever he came, he shone ; " adding that " he left behind 
 the charadler of a pious and prudent man and a true child of 
 Abraham now lodged in Abraham's bosom." No doubt his 
 influence was large in establishing some of the stalwart principles 
 that long prevailed in the eastern sedlion of Long Island and the 
 neighboring Conne6ticut colonies, and which were figured forth 
 in that imaginary but hardly exaggerated code known as the 
 Blue Laws. The orders against drunkenness, lying, and kindred 
 vices went quite beyond the conceptions of the most zealous 
 reformers of our day. And the higher offences — of which even 
 a suspicion was not to escape — were so signally dealt with that 
 
198 Biographical Sketches. Pitcher. Franker. Pratt. 
 
 the severity of the punishment attached, sometimes operated as 
 a virtual repeal ; for the magistrates could not always find it in 
 their hearts to rejeft defences of a very doubtful nature, rather 
 than impose the penalty that must follow convidlion. For in- 
 stance, one John Kelley, a carpenter, was complained of for 
 endeavoring to enter into a supplementary matrimonial connec- 
 tion, declaring his wife was dead. It appeared on the trial that she 
 was not dead ; but he defended against the original charge in some 
 befoging way, and against the additional one of lying, by main- 
 taining that his meaning was that his wife was dead in trespasses 
 and sin. It is not intended to conne6t Mr. Pierson with any 
 absurd or farcical proceeding, but to present a sort of by-way 
 illustration. See Annals, 1640. 
 
 Pitcher, Mary — better known as Moll Pitcher, the fortune- 
 teller. Her residence was on Essex street, opposite Pearl, and 
 she died April 9, 181 3, aged 75 years. See Annals, 1813. A 
 fac-simile of her signature is here given. 
 
 Mar^fJ^l^ 
 
 PoMPEY — an African prince, stolen, brought hither and sold 
 as a slave. See Annals, 1780. 
 
 Poquanum — Indian sachem of Nahant. See 1865 edition 
 of History of Lynn, page 40. 
 
 Pranker, Edward, a woolen manufadlurer, and proprietor 
 of the mill bearing his name near the site of the ancient iron 
 works, in Saugus. He died August 14, 1865, aged 73 years. 
 See Annals, 1865. 
 
 Pratt, Micajah C. Mr. Pratt was for many years a prom- 
 inent citizen, was a native of Lynn, and died on the 28th of Jan- 
 uary, 1866, aged 74 years. For the whole of his business life, 
 which commenced as early as 1812, he was a shoe-manufafturer, 
 struggling along during the protrafled period when trade was 
 depressed, by industry and carefulness sustaining his position, 
 and gathering the experience which when better times dawned 
 
Biographical Sketches. Pratt. 199 
 
 led on to fortune. He continued in business forty years, manu- 
 fa6luring the various kinds of shoes in demand for the southern 
 and western markets, and at one period employing between four 
 hundred and five hundred operatives, turning out some two 
 hundred and forty thousand pairs a year, which was a very large 
 business for a time before machinery had to much extent been 
 introduced in the business. 
 
 Being a member of the society of Friends, he was but little 
 in public life, though he held some positions of responsibility, 
 where his integrity and business capacity appeared conspicuous. 
 He was a6tive in promoting the usefulness of the Institution for 
 Savings, established in 1826 ; was president of the First National 
 Bank of Lynn, and of the Lynn Fire and Marine Insurance 
 Company. His manners were genial and his tendencies benev- 
 olent and social. 
 
 On the 26th of November, 18 12, he married Theodate B. 
 Brown, and by her had six children. His second wife, whom he 
 married late in life, was Abby Newhall, by whom he had no 
 children. His residence was on the north side of Broad street, 
 a little east of Silsbee. 
 
 Pratt, Sidney Bowne. Among the liberal and unassuming 
 sons of Lynn may surely be reckoned this one. He was a son 
 of James Pratt, who died in 1832, and who was a prominent 
 shoe-manufa6lurer. The subjeft of this notice was born on the 
 14th of May, 1814, and died on the 29th of January, 1869. About 
 the time of the opening of the Eastern Rail-road, in 1839, he 
 engaged in the express business, and by faithfulness and assiduity 
 soon found himself on the high road of success, and continued 
 on, till the time of his death, always possessing the confidence 
 of the public. He was at the head of the well-known firm 
 of Pratt and Babb. His manners were affable, and his disposition 
 to accommodate unvarying. Indeed he seemed to possess just 
 those elements of charadler which are best calculated to ensure 
 success in any business ; and he was certainly successful in that 
 which he chose. He was successful, too, in gaining an enduring 
 name, by his liberal bequest to the Free Public Library, the 
 first gift of the kind received by that institution, the amount 
 being ;^ 10.000. His funeral took place from the Friends' meet- 
 
200 Biographical Sketches. Purchis. 
 
 ing-house, on Silsbee street, and was attended by the Mayor and 
 other members of the city government, and a large concourse 
 of relatives and fellow-townsmen. He was never married. In 
 the Public Library a very good likeness of him is preserved. 
 
 Purchis, Oliver. The fame of Mr. Purchis extended , far 
 beyond our municipal limits. He was a man possessed of strong 
 points of chara6ter, undoubted patriotism, and a pertinacity that 
 sometimes might well be called obstinacy. During the Andros 
 administration his energetic course in baffling the unwarrantable 
 demands of the Governor and his unscrupulous Secretary, no 
 doubt saved the town from loss and mortification, and received 
 well-merited applause. His position as Town Clerk, at that 
 trying period, afforded opportunities for the display of patriotic 
 zeal and hatred of oppression well fitted to his temper. He came 
 as early as 1635, and in his official capacity is named as a 
 grantee in the Indian Deed of Lynn. For some ten years he was 
 a Representative in the General Court ; was agent of the iron 
 company, and somewhat of a military charafter, though he was 
 not a particularly bright star in the latter sphere. But his long 
 and useful life appears to have ended in poverty and distress. 
 On the Council records, June 19, 1701, is found this entry: "A 
 resolve was sent up from the Representatives in the words* 
 following, viz': 'Whereas, M"' Oliver Purchase, an ancient public 
 servant in the government is fallen to decay and become very 
 indigent and necessitous, not having whereof to subsist now in 
 his age, and being rendered incapable of labour : Resolved, That 
 in consideration of the good service done by s^ Oliver Purchase, 
 he be allowed the sum of Ten pounds out of the public Treasury 
 of this province for his necessary support.' — Which resolve being 
 read at the Board was concurred with and his Honour the Lieut. 
 Gov. gave his consent unto and signed the same." But the poor 
 man, "deceasing before he had received s"* gratuity," it was 
 resolved by the Council and House of Representatives, " That 
 the aforesaid sum of ten pounds be paid out of the public treasury 
 of this Province to M"' William Wilson of Concord, to be by him 
 delivered to "W^ Sarah Purchis, widow, reli(5t of said Oliver 
 Purchis." It was in 1691 that Mr. Purchis removed from Lynn 
 to Concord, where he died in 1701, aged 88 years. See Annals 
 
Biographical Sketches. Ramsdell. Rhodes. 201 
 
 of early dates for many facSs concerning him. A fac-simile of his 
 signature is here given. 
 
 {/iUt^ ^mi£hA^ 
 
 PuRCHis, Thomas — a Maine fur trader. See Annals, 1678. 
 
 QuANOPKONAT — a prominent Indian resident of the territory 
 of Lynn. See History of Lynn, 1 865 edition, page 42. 
 
 Ramsdell, Abednego. Mr. Ramsdell was one of the im- 
 mortal four from Lynn, who fell at the battle of Lexington. It 
 was said by an aged lady, that on the fatal day a woman in his 
 neighborhood seeing him hastening along towards Lexington 
 and being seized by an unaccountable presentiment of danger, 
 called to him and warned him of her premonition. He bravely 
 replied that he might be going to his death ; but it was a good 
 cause, and he hoped by the aid of his musket to take a red-coat 
 with him, if he fell. On he sped, and was killed immediately 
 after reaching the battle ground. See Annals, I77S- 
 
 Ramsdell, John — one of the early settlers of Lynn. He 
 was a witness in the famous case between the Town and Thomas 
 Dexter, concerning the ownership of Nahant. Descendants of 
 his are yet among us. His autograph is upon the Armitage 
 Petition, page 106. See Annals, 1630. 
 
 Rhodes, Amos. Mr. Rhodes was born in Lynn, on the 24th 
 of April, 1795, and died on the 15th of January, 1870. His 
 father was Amos Rhodes, long a prominent business man, in the 
 western sedlion of the town, at that time the chief business part, 
 his dwelling being the one still standing on the east side of Fed- 
 eral street, next south of the mill brook, which house was built 
 by him near the beginning of the present century ; and he was 
 the same Amos Rhodes named in the correspondence of Ebenezer 
 Breed, given in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, page 
 523 et seq. The mother of the subje6t of this notice was Eliza- 
 beth, the eldest daughter of Rev. Obadiah Parsons. 
 
 Mr. Rhodes graduated at Harvard College with the 18 16 class, 
 
202 Biographical Sketches. Rhodes. 
 
 and for a few years engaged in teaching, spending a part of the 
 time at the south. His absence, however, was of short duration. 
 In 1817 he was preceptor of Lynn Academy. He never pre- 
 pared himself for entering either of what are called the learned 
 professions, choosing rather to pursue a more sequestered path 
 of usefulness. On the organization of the Lynn Institution for 
 Savings, he was elefted treasurer, and filled the office for more 
 than forty years. And to his careful management, scrupulous 
 fidelity, and unwearied vigilance, that institution is indebted for 
 much of its early success. He was also for many years secretary 
 of the Lynn Mechanics Fire and Marine Insurance Company. 
 In the reading of choice books, and in the conversation and 
 society of the intelledlual and cultivated, he took unflagging 
 delight ; and ever seemed more desirous of doing what he could 
 to promote the mental and moral elevation of those about him, 
 than to aid in their "struggles for the acquisition of mere wealth. 
 For twenty years — 1830 to 1850 — he a6ted as librarian of the 
 old Social Library, and no doubt succeeded, during that long 
 period, in forming in many a youthful mind an enduring taste for 
 the better class of reading, as his judgment in the sele6lion 
 of books came to be much relied on. He was a fast friend 
 of Mr. Lewis the poet and historian, and of Mr. Lummus the 
 first Lynn newspaper publisher. He however exercised his pen 
 but little save upon the books pertaining to his daily business ; 
 though his good taste, judgment, and acquirements made him 
 a useful member of the little coterie who wrought in the literary 
 interests of the Mirror during its most successful days. 
 
 Mr. Rhodes was among the early members of the Unitarian 
 society, and before the introdudlion of church organs in Lynn 
 aided the choir by his flute and bass-viol. In the Sunday school, 
 also, he took an a6tive interest ; and having labored for the 
 society through all its days of weakness, had the happiness to 
 see it strong and prosperous. But he lamented as much as any 
 the tendency towards extreme rationalistic views, which some 
 years ago began to manifest itself in various se6lions of the 
 denomination. We remember how grieved he was at some 
 of the sentiments enunciated by Rev. Theodore Parker in his 
 famous sermon preached at South Boston, in or about 1841, and 
 how pleased he appeared when his own minister, the Rev. Mr. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Rhodes. Richards. 203 
 
 Swett, after reading a few passages, from the pulpit, in his clear 
 voice and with striking emphasis, added, " If that is Unitarian- 
 ism I am not a Unitarian." 
 
 On the second of December, 1834, Mr. Rhodes married Lydia, 
 a daughter of Winthrop Newhall, but had no children. She 
 survived him. Funeral services over his remains were held in 
 the church where he had so long loved to worship. 
 
 Rhodes, Henry, whose well-written autograph appears upon 
 the Armitage Petition, page 106, was among the early comers, 
 and descendants of his are still among us. Not much is known 
 of him, though he seems to have been a man of good habits, 
 industrious, and respedled. See Annals, 1640. 
 
 Richards, Richard. Mr. Richards was a descendant from 
 one of the early settlers, and was born in Lynn, in 1796. He 
 was, perhaps, the most inventive genius, in a mechanical way, 
 ever born here ; and though he never produced anything to 
 establish a world-wide reputation, he yet originated some things 
 that have proved of great usefulness, especially in the staple 
 business of Lynn, and which furnished suggestions for still 
 greater discoveries by other minds. He was a last-maker, by 
 trade, and in pursuance of that occupation, contrived such im- 
 provements and adaptations of machinery as greatly facilitated 
 the work and added to the finish and beauty of the produfts 
 of his shop. He construfted a sole-cutting machine, for which, 
 in 1844, he obtained a patent, and which was superior to any 
 thing in use before that time. He also designed a peg-cutting 
 machine, which was extensively used. A rail-road turntable 
 which he invented has continued to be used, in some of its 
 essential features, to the present time. And a number of minor 
 inventions and improvements in machinery originated with him. 
 But the sole-cutting machine was the only one for which he 
 received a patent. 
 
 As a citizen Mr. Richards was much esteemed ; and he held 
 various offices under the old Town government. He was also a 
 Representative in the General Court, but never seemed to covet 
 official position, preferring rather to pursue the even tenor of his 
 mechanical employments. The enormous shoe, capable of con- 
 
204 Biographical Sketches. Richardson. 
 
 taining some twenty full-grown persons, which figured in proi;eS- 
 sions, and created so much observation during the memorable 
 hard cider presidential campaign, in 1840, was a produ(5t of his 
 genius and handiwork. He also constructed a miniature log 
 cabin, which, mounted on wheels and dragged along the streets, 
 excited much curiosity as a political adjunct in the same spirited 
 campaign. He died on the 19th of December, 1851, aged 55. 
 
 Richardson, Jonathan. Mr. Richardson was a native of 
 Lynn, and died here on the 28th of June, 1872, at the advanced 
 age of 2)^ years. There was no particularly striking event in his 
 life, for he was content to plod along, unambitious to rise from 
 the operative's work-bench. He was a shoemaker of the old 
 stamp, and quietly pursued his humble calling for full three 
 quarters of a century. And his memory compassed a perfe6l 
 history of the wonderful progress in our staple business. He 
 was one of the early members of Mount Carmel lodge of freema- 
 sons, and tyler for more than forty years. Through the disturb- 
 ing reign of anti-masonry, when so many of his neighbors with- 
 drew from the institution, he remained faithful ; and his burial, 
 which took place from the First Methodist meeting-house, was 
 attended by a large number of the brethren. 
 
 Richardson, Thomas P., was the fourth Mayor of Lynn. A 
 biographical nqtice with a portrait may be found in the Centen- 
 nial Memorial. He died very suddenly on the evening of Thanks- 
 giving day, November 24, 1881, aged 65 years. The writer met 
 him at the door of Mr. Harrison Newhall's residence, on Park 
 square, at about seven o'clock. After a cordial greeting, he 
 immediately said, " I 'm sick," sat down on a sofa, and within an 
 hour, breathed his last. The funeral services took place at the 
 First Methodist meeting-house on the afternoon of Monday, 
 November 28, the large audience room being completely filled 
 with sympathising friends. The remains were thence conveyed 
 to their last resting place in Pine Grove Cemetery. Few have 
 passed out from the business ranks, from among the laborers for 
 the moral elevation of the community, or from social life, more 
 deservedly regretted than Mr. Richardson. He had but a few 
 weeks before his decease taken up his residence in the fine 
 
Biographical Sketches. Robbins. Robinson. Roby. 205 
 
 mansion which he had just erefted on North Common street, 
 opposite St. Stephen's Memorial Church. A fac-simile of his 
 signature is here given. 
 
 Robbins, Dr. Peter G., whose name appears in our Annals, 
 under dates 1808 and 1810, was a conspicuous resident . here, for 
 many years. He came in 1805, and lived on Essex street, be- 
 tween High and Pearl, in the same house previously occupied 
 by Dr. Henry Burchstead, and subsequently by Dr. Hazeltine. 
 Dr. Robbins was much interested in the political events of the 
 pregnant period in which he came here. Party spirit then ran 
 high, and on the fourth of July, 1806, he was seledled as orator 
 of the Democratic party, there being likewise a celebration by 
 the Federalists, whose orator was Hosea Hildreth, then preceptor 
 of the Academy. In 18 10, however, the parties united in cele- 
 brating the day, and Dr. Robbins was the orator. Rev. Chandler 
 Robbins, D. D., for many years minister of the Second Church 
 of Boston, (Unitarian,) and author of several erudite works, was a 
 son of his, born in the house just designated, on the 14th of Feb- 
 ruary, 1 8 10, and graduated at Harvard in 1829. Rev. Samuel 
 D. Robbins, settled over the Unitarian society of Lynn, in 1833, 
 was also a son of his. 
 
 Robinson, Col. James — a revolutionary soldier, and the first- 
 postmaster of Lynn. He died January 21, 1832, aged 75. His 
 residence was on Boston street, corner of North Federal. See 
 Annals, 1832. 
 
 Roby, Rev. Joseph — minister of the third Parish (Saugus) 
 for the long period of fifty-one years. He was a man of learning 
 and held in high esteem as a preacher. Yet we find a flippant 
 bit of doggerel, stated by Mr. Eaton, in his History of Reading, 
 to have been written by a parishioner of the Rev. Mr. Hobby, 
 therein named, which has been claimed to give the popular 
 estimate of four neighboring divines. The allusion to Mr. Roby 
 is certainly not over-complimentary : 
 
206 Biographical Sketches. Sadler. 
 
 Good Mr. Emerson (of Maiden), 
 Proud yix. Hobby (of Reading) 
 Silly old Carnes (of Stoneham), 
 And Coxcomb Roby (of Saugus). 
 
 " Proud Mr. Hobby " was the reverend gentleman referred to 
 in our Annals, under date 1745, as having had the controversy 
 with Mr. Henchman of Lynn, respecting the celebrated preacher 
 Whitefield. Mr. Hobby went with the multitude to hear Mr. 
 Whitefield when he preached on Reading Common, and was 
 candid enough to afterwards say that he went to prick a hole in 
 Whitefield's coat, but Whitefield had pricked a hole in his heart. 
 He became a warm defender of the great preacher against the 
 assaults of the alarmed clergy who with vigor and pertinacity 
 opposed everything that did not accord with the old faith and 
 their established usages. Mr. Roby died January 31, 1803, aged 
 79 years. See Annals, 1803. 
 
 Sadler, Richard. The lofty porphyry cliff near the jun6lion 
 of Walnut and Holyoke streets, from which some of our most 
 extensive and charming views can be obtained, took its name 
 of Sadler's Rock from this individual, who, at the land allotment 
 in 1638, had two hundred acres assigned to him, and "the rock 
 by his house." This enables us with certainty to determine in 
 what neighborhood he settled. He was a prominent personage 
 and well-known throughout the Colony ; and that his services at 
 home were appreciated is indicated by the liberality of the grants 
 to him. He was our first Clerk of the Writs, and a member 
 of the Salem Court ; also one of the commissioners to run the 
 bounds between Lynn and Boston, in 1639, Robert Keayne, the 
 first captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery being a 
 fellow-commissioner. He was a man of education, and it is 
 presumed had remained a churchman, inasmuch as after his 
 return to England, in 1647, he became a minister in the estab- 
 lished church, though ecclesiastical matters were, about that 
 period, so mixed up in England, that it was sometimes a problem 
 with an individual where he should rank. He was here but 
 about ten years ; and his return may have been hastened by 
 want of sympathy with the rigid views and usages of this then 
 puritanical community. A rude Memorial Stone was eredled 
 some years ago, by the writer, at the roadside near the foot 
 
Biographical Sketches. Sanderson. Shepard. Silsbee. 207 
 
 of the rock that bears the good old settler's name. See Annals, 
 163s, and other early dates. 
 
 Sanderson, George P., the sixteenth Mayor of Lynn, was 
 inaugurated on the 6th of January, 1879. He was also ele6led 
 for a second term, and inaugurated on the 5th of January, 1880. 
 He was born in Gardiner, Me., on the 22d of November, 1836.1 
 For most of his business life he has been engaged as operative, 
 agent, or manufadturer, in some department of the shoe trade, 
 chiefly in Lynn. He has all along been identified with the 
 workingmen's interests, and as a leader, received the confidence 
 and support of his party. He was a soldier in the civil war, 
 performed his duties faithfully, and was honorably discharged. 
 On the third of July, 1859, he married Julia A., a daughter 
 of William H. Mills, and has four sons. A fac-simile of his 
 signature is appended. 
 
 ^£>^^o<^>2--iV^^ * 
 
 Shepard, Rev. Jeremiah, minister of the First Parish for 
 forty years. Shepard street takes its name from him ; also 
 Shepard school. He died on the third of June, 1720, aged 72. 
 See Annals, 1720. His signature is shown by this fac-simile : 
 
 Silsbee, Henry. This individual appeared in Lynn at an 
 early period and was the founder of a family which, though not 
 remarkable for numbers, has always been in creditable standing. 
 Silsbee street commemorates the name. Dr. Emmerton in his 
 Gleanings from English Records says : " The name Silsbee is 
 one of the rarest in the records accessible at London.". ..." The 
 parish records of Olney, Bucks, dating from about 1666, gives 
 baptisms of a Samuel Slisby's daughters after 1670. Mr. James 
 Stowe, the affable parish clerk, told me, while I was studying 
 
2o8 Biographical Sketches. Silsbee. 
 
 the inscriptions on thg gravestones in the churchyard, that the 
 name had disappeared from Olney but still remained in neigh- 
 boring villages. Mr. Stowe's interest in such matters was evinced 
 by the care with which he had cleaned the inscriptions obscured 
 by lichen and mold rather than age, for few, if any, antedated 
 the eighteenth century. The records contain many entries of 
 familiar Lynn names : Laughton, Collins, Townsend, Cooper, 
 etc. ; and though Farrington and Kyrtland had disappeared, \ 
 was more than ever inclined to the theory that Henry Silsby 
 [the first of the name here] had removed from Salem and Ipswich 
 to Lynn, in order to be near old country neighbors." 
 
 It may be added here, that Dr. Emmerton is a native of Salem 
 but lineally conne6led with the Silsbees and Newhalls of Lynn. 
 His great-grandfather, on the maternal side, was 'Squire James 
 Newhall, who lived in the two-story frame house still standing 
 on the north side of Boston street a little west of Tower Hill, 
 and opposite the end of Summer street. He, the Doftor, in 
 company with Henry F. Waters, Esq., recently visited England ; 
 and both being deeply interested in genealogical researches, 
 discovered among the old records there, many interesting fadls, 
 some of which have already appeared in print. Mr. Waters was 
 a son of the late Judge Waters. It is to educated, intelligent, 
 and appreciative gentlemen like Dr. Emmerton and Mr. Waters 
 that the student of the past and of family history is greatly 
 indebted. 
 
 Several of the Salem branch of the Silsbee family became 
 widely known ; among them, Hon. Nathaniel Silsbee, United 
 States Senator. In the spelling of the name similar variations 
 and vagaries were indulged in as in the names of other early 
 settlers ; and hence we find Sellesby, Seylesbie, Sillsby, Silesbey, 
 Silsby, Silsbee, Silsbye, Sylsbe, Scilsbey, Silsbe, Sillsbe, Sillsbee. 
 
 Henry Silsbee, the first of the name in Lynn, probably came 
 in 1651, purchasing the house once occupied by Joseph Floyd, 
 or Flud, or fflood, as the name was variously spelled, which stood 
 on Fayette street, a few rods south of Essex. He seems to have 
 possessed some means, and was called a " shooemaker,'' but 
 very likely followed farming most of the time, as he owned a 
 considerable quantity of land. A grandson of his named Na- 
 thaniel, 'whose father was a carpenter, residing in Salem, is tra- 
 
Biographical Sketches. Sparhawk. Stickney. Swett. 209 
 
 ditionally reported to have taken the coffins in which some of the 
 witches were buried, in 1692, to Gallows Hill, he being then a 
 lad of about fifteen years. Dr. Emmerton has lately published 
 " A Genealogical Account of Henry Silsbee and some of his 
 descendants," which is or ought to be in the hands of the whole 
 family conne6lion. 
 
 Sparhawk, Rev. Nathaniel, first minister of Lynnfield Par- 
 ish, settled in 1720. He died May 7, 1732, aged 38 years. See 
 Annals, 173 1. 
 
 Stickney, Jeremiah C., a prominent lawyer in ^.ynn for forty 
 years, and first City Solicitor. He died August 3, 1869, aged 
 64. See Annals, 1 869. A fac-simile of his signature follows. 
 
 Swett, Rev. William G., fourth minister of the Unitarian 
 society. He died January 15, 1843, aged 34. See Annals, 1843. 
 
 Mr. Swett was possessed of such rare and diversified qualities 
 that to a superficial observer it might appear that in him were 
 assembled downright contradiftory charafleristics. Out of the 
 pulpit, he was lively, overflowing with wit, and not unfrequently 
 with jocularity. But in the pulpit, nothing approaching levity 
 was perceptible. His discourses were scholarly, pointed, and 
 delivered in a distinft and finely modulated voice, without sensa- 
 tional gush or misplaced fervor. His style, indeed, was just such 
 as is appreciated by thoughtful minds ; and it is not wonderful 
 that so many of the more intelligent class of our people were 
 attrafted that his church became so filled as to render it difficult 
 for new-comers to procure eligible sittings. He was notably 
 free from what were known as transcendental and rationalistic 
 tendencies, and so little inclined to make prominent any pe- 
 culiar dodlrine, that even one of broad evangelical views, as 
 they are called, could seldom see anything to offend. 
 
 His sermons hardly ever exceeded twenty minutes in the 
 
 14 
 
2IO Biographical Sketches. Swett. 
 
 delivery ; and the writer has heard him remark that if a preacher 
 could not enforce at least one good, lesson in that space he ought 
 to be ashamed ; and one good lesson at a time, he added, was 
 full enough for the digestion of most persons. His purpose 
 manifestly was to benefit his hearers rather than to enjoy any 
 oratorical triumphs of his own ; thus in a measure reversing the 
 example of some of our pyrotechnic friends in the sacred desk. 
 He was not a mere book student, but relied chiefly on his own 
 innate ability to interest and instru6l ; and hence there was an 
 originality, a freshness and vigor pervading what he wrote, that 
 was remarkably telling. He had no colle6lion that could be 
 called a library — hardly a book of reference. We remember 
 once hearing Rev. Dr. Peabody ask to be shown to his library 
 for the purpose of determining some point. " Well, Do6lor," 
 said he, " I have but a" poor library, and it is all here," — pointing 
 to his head. 
 
 His health was not good, and he often expressed the belief that 
 he should not live to be old ; but he was adtive and much out 
 of doors. For a good horse he had an almost sentimental fond- 
 ness ; and the beautiful drives in our vicinity, held out, in pleas- 
 ant weather, irresistible attradlions ; but he frequently made his 
 own enjoyment subservient to duty, by taking out for an airing 
 some poor, aged, or infirm parishioner. 
 
 He had some pecuniary resources beyond his salary, and hence 
 was able to indulge in adts of benevolence in the quiet and secret 
 way which was his delight. He was accustomed to say that he 
 purposed to dispense in charity an amount equal to his salary. 
 Many a poor widow has had dumped at her door a load of fuel, 
 without ever knowing who the donor was. And many a poor, 
 sick child has received soothing delicacies without knowino- 
 whence they came, and when able to return to his play-thincrs 
 has wondered who brought the beautiful kaleidoscope, the Noah's 
 ark and picture-blocks. 
 
 Mr. Swett was a son of Col. Samuel Swett late of Boston 
 whose wife was Lucia, the only daughter of William Gray, the 
 eminent merchant and Lieutenant Governor, and who was a 
 native of Lynn. He, the Colonel, built for his son the house 
 on the rise of the hill, near Essex street, which afterwards became 
 the residence of Mayor George Hood. But the good minister 
 
Biographical Sketches. Taylor. Tomlins. Townsend. 2 1 1 
 
 did not live long to enjoy the place he so much admired. A 
 year or two before his death he married Charlotte, a daughter 
 of Col. Phinney, of Lexington, and by her had one child — a 
 daughter. 
 
 Taylor, David, for many years an extensive shoe-manufac- 
 turer ; intelligent and enterprising. His residence was on South 
 Common street corner of Commercial ; and there he died, Oc- 
 tober II, 1871, aged 68. See Annals, 1871. 
 
 Thacher, Rev. Thomas, seventh minister of the First Parish. 
 He preached the affefting sermon, in the Old Tunnel meeting- 
 house, December 11, 179S, over the bodies of the eight drowned 
 mariners, the only seaman who had escaped, standing in the 
 aisle near the remains of his companions. Mr. Thacher died 
 September 24, 1849, a^ged 78. See Annals, 1813. 
 
 Tomlins, Edward — an early and prominent settler. His 
 autograph appears on the Armitage Petition, page 106. See 
 Annals, 1630, and other early dates. 
 
 Tomlins, Timothy, was a brother of Edward, just named. 
 The extensive tra6l of forest and swamp land, in Lynn woods, 
 known as Tomlins's Swamp, took its name from him. He 
 seems to have been full of business, readily turning to some new 
 enterprise when the old became unprofitable. In 1636 he added 
 a "howse of intertainement " to his other industries. In the 
 land distribution of 1638 the town granted him eighty acres ; 
 but that could not have been excessively liberal if he took it in 
 land like that of the swamp now bearing his name. He was a 
 Representative for several terms, and his autograph is among 
 those appended to the Armitage Petition. See Annals, 1630. 
 
 Townsend, Thomas. This early settler at one time lived in 
 the vicinity of the iron works, though it is probable that he 
 owned lands in different quarters. He is supposed to have come 
 from London, was a cousin of Governor Winthrop, and could 
 trace his lineage to a Norman nobleman who flourished near 
 the time of the Conquest. One of his ancestors, of the same 
 
212 Biographical Sketches. Trevett. Tudor. Tufts. 
 
 baptismal name, had the honor of entertaining Queen Elizabeth 
 in her progress through Norfolk, in August, 1578, and for loyalty 
 and attention his wife afterwards received from Her Majesty a 
 beautiful gilt bowl. 
 
 Mr. Townsend's five children were all born in Lynn, between 
 1636 and 1645 ; and his widow, Mary, died of camp fever, Feb. 
 28, 1692. The family has always maintained a good position in 
 New England, some individuals becoming quite noted ; but 
 within our own borders it has not been specially marked. An- 
 drew Towsend of Lynn was wounded in the great swamp fight 
 with the Narragansetts, December 19, 1675. And in the battle 
 of Lexington, Daniel Townsend fell. See Annals, 1775. Charles 
 Hervey Townsend of New Haven, Ct., a few years since pub- 
 lished a limited Genealogy of the family, which cannot fail to 
 interest those of the lineage. The autograph of Thomas Towns- 
 end is conspicuous among those on the Armitage Petition, page 
 106. And it is to the kindness of Charles Hervey Townsend, 
 just named, that we are indebted for the use of the engraving 
 of the autographs. 
 
 Treadwell, Rev. John — minister of the First Parish during 
 the Revolution, and an ardent patriot. See Annals, 1 782. 
 
 Trevett, Robert W. — a lawyer of considerable acquire- 
 ments, for many years in pradtice here. He died January 13, 
 1 842, aged 5 3 years. He was a son of the noted Captain Trevett 
 of the U. S. navy, a native of Marblehead. See Annals, 1842. 
 
 Tudor, Frederic — proje6lor of many improvements on Na- 
 hant, and father of the New England ice trade. He died Feb. 
 6, 1 864, aged 80 years. See Annals, 1 864. 
 
 Tufts, Deacon Richard. Deacon Tufts was born in Lynn, 
 and was a son of David Tufts, a corporal in the army of the 
 Revolution, who, after the war was ended, took up the peaceful 
 and multifarious employments of farmer, trader, and common 
 carrier, all in a limited way. He owned and occupied a house 
 that stood on the south-east corner of Federal street and Western 
 avenue. The Deacon while still a young man, became conspic- 
 
Biographical Sketches. Turner. Usher. Vinton. 213 
 
 uous for his zeal in the cause of temperance, and through life 
 was characterized by rigidity of principle and persistency in 
 labors for the moral reformation of the community. In religion 
 he tenaciously adhered to the Calvrnistic faith, and for many 
 years held the office of deacon in the First Church, without 
 reproach. And it was by the watchfulness and labors of such 
 as he that that ancient shrine was preserved from the " liberal- 
 ism " that has so changed the character of almost all the earlier 
 churches planted by the Puritans. His son, Gardiner Tufts, was 
 prominent in the civil war, for his efficient services in Washington 
 and elsewhere in behalf of the Massachusetts soldiery. And 
 since the close of the war he has acceptably filled several impor- 
 tant public positions where skill and integrity were especially 
 demanded. The Deacon died on the 29th of February, 1880, in 
 the 83d year of his age. 
 
 Turner, Capt. Nathaniel — a brave and trustworthy colo- 
 nial officer, and a public charadler of great merit. See Annals, 
 1630, and other early dates. The sword which he wielded 
 against the Indians is still preserved by the Historical Society 
 at Hartford, Ct. It has done efficient service, too, in other 
 hands since the Captain's time ; in the old French war and in 
 the Revolution. A picfture of this formidable weapon may be 
 seen in Harper's Magazine, volume 17, page 3. He sailed for 
 England in January, 1647, in hopes of promoting the interests 
 of the New Haven Colony ; but nothing was ever afterwards 
 heard of the vessel or any one on board — unless the celebrated 
 " Phantom Ship " which appeared off the harbor, some months 
 after, and in a few minutes faded away, may be taken as a ghostly 
 representative. 
 
 Usher, Roland G. — the eleventh Mayor of Lynn. For 
 notice with portrait see Centennial Memorial. The following is 
 a fac-simile of his autograph. 
 
 > '^^^^-^ 
 
 Vinton, John — ancestor of the large and distinguished Ame- 
 rican family of Vintons. See Annals, 1650. 
 
214 Biographical Sketches. Walden. Walker. Washburn. 
 
 Walden, Edwin — the thirteenth Mayor of Lynn. For no- 
 tice with portrait see Centennial Memorial. A fac-simile of his 
 signature is here given. /\ 
 
 Walker, Richard — a farmer, and military commander. See 
 Annals, 1630 and other early dates. His autograph is on the 
 Armitage Petition. He lived to the great age of 95 years. 
 
 Washburn, Peter T. — Governor of Vermont. Peter Thacher 
 Washburn was born in Lynn on the seventh of September, 18 14, 
 and was a son of Reuben P. Washburn who settled here as a 
 lawyer, in 18 12, and married a daughter of Rev. Mr. Thacher, 
 minister of the First Parish, her grandfather being the widely- 
 known Dr. Peter Thacher, for many years minister of Brattle 
 street Church, in Boston. 
 
 At an early age the subje6t of this sketch left Lynn, with his 
 father, who removed to Chester, Vt., afterwards to Cavendish, 
 and thence to Ludlow, where, in 1 860, he died. Peter graduated 
 at Dartmouth college, in 1835, and immediately engaged in the 
 study of law, in his father's office. Afterwards, for a few months, 
 he studied under United States Senator Upham, of Montpelier, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1838. The next year he began 
 pradlice at Ludlow, where he gained a high reputation and a good 
 business. In 1844 he removed to Woodstock, having formed a 
 law partnership with Charles P. Marsh, which continued till his 
 death. In the last named year he was eledled by the Legislature 
 Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Vermont, 
 and continued in the office eight years. One excellent trait in 
 any lawyer, or indeed in a man of any calling, it is said was 
 possessed by Mr. Washburn in a marked degree ; and that is, 
 a readiness to aid the oppressed. He is reputed to have been 
 always zealous to do his utmost, without the expedlation of re- 
 ward, to protedt the weak or poor when exposed to the machina- 
 tions of the selfish and unscrupulous, who so often resort to the 
 wearying intricacies of the law for the furtherance of their base 
 purposes ; and who, unfortunately, can generally find enough in 
 the profession to second their nefarious designs. 
 
Biographical Sketches. Washburn. 215 
 
 At the time of the breaking out of the civil war, he was in 
 command of the Woodstock Light Infantry. And at the first 
 call of the President for troops he volunteered, and soon raised a 
 company of the full regulation standard. Early on the morning 
 of May I, 1 86 1, with his little loyal band, he departed for the 
 scene of war, marching from the armory to the stirring tune 
 of Yankee Doodle. Arrived in Virginia, he soon became a6ling 
 Colonel of the regiment of which his company formed a part. 
 But in the fall of the same year he was called back for other 
 important duties connefled with the war. He was eledted Adju- 
 tant and Inspector General of the State. And that position he 
 continued to fill till the war ended. His labors in that office 
 were so constant and exhaustive that many thought such inroads 
 were made upon his health that it never again became fully 
 established. 
 
 In September, 1869 he was elefted Governor of the State, by 
 a large majority. And though he was removed by death before 
 he had held the office many months, he had made a remarkably 
 favorable impression. His executive ability was 'freely acknow- 
 ledged by all parties ; and there was every prospe6t of a more 
 than ordinarily successful administration. At the time of his 
 death, in addition to the Governorship he was a Trustee of the 
 University of Vermont, a Trustee of the State Agricultural 
 College, and President of the Woodstock Rail-road. 
 
 Governor Washburn died on the 7th of February, 1 870, at the 
 age of 55 years, leaving a widow and three children — a son and 
 two daughters. His death was considered by the physicians to 
 have proceeded from a general breaking down of the nervous 
 system, from excessive labor, no evidence of disease, organic or 
 fun6lional, being discovered. He had been working almost 
 unremittingly, when not engaged in public duties, on his Digest 
 of the Supreme Court Decisions ; and literally went from that 
 work to the bed from which he never arose. The funeral services 
 took place at the Congregational church in Woodstock, the body 
 being laid out in a full suit of black, with a military cloak, and 
 amid profuse floral decorations. Highly eulogistic notices ap- 
 peared in the newspapers, and there was every evidence of sincere 
 mourning as for a great public loss. " He was," said the Ver- 
 gennes Vermonter, "one of the few living illustrations of Phil- 
 
2i6 Biographical Sketches. Washburn. Wheeler. 
 
 lips's positive men. They are rarely met with in public or private 
 life. Vermont appreciated him, and he will be mourned as one 
 of the few in public life whose sense of justice was stronger than 
 personal preference or even the didlation of party." The Repub- 
 lican, of Springfield, Mass., remarked " It was in the office of 
 Adjutant General that Governor Washburn's fitness for public 
 service was first made known to the people. His accuracy of 
 dealing was as certain and as rigid as mathematics. The dis- 
 charge of a public duty was with him reckoned among the ' exaft 
 sciences.' If he had been less honest than he was, he would 
 still have followed honesty from sheer devotion to its straight- 
 forwardness, its absolute correftness. We speak of this charac- 
 teristic, not to elevate it above his unimpeachable integrity, but 
 because it is what marks him among governors. Vermont has 
 had honest executives before but it has been some time since 
 she had a governor who governed, who picked up the loose ends 
 in her administrative departments and set every thing in order. 
 He was not only above jobbing and lobbying, rail-road or other- 
 wise, but he forbade his. private secretary to use so much as a 
 two-cent stamp of the State's property, except for public purposes. 
 With the same regard for the fitness of things, he introduced 
 almost military formality in his intercourse with subordinates ; 
 not that he was at all 'setup' by his position, but he would 
 have order and system in every thing, insisting on every man's 
 knowing his proper place and his responsibilities." 
 
 Washburn, Reuben P., a learned lawyer, who settled in 
 Lynn, in 1812. He removed to -Vermont, and became a judge 
 in a State court ; was father of Governor Washburn, just spoken 
 of and died in i860, aged 79. See Annals, 1812. 
 
 Wenepoykin, an Indian Sagamore. See History of Lynn, 
 1865 edition, page 38. » 
 
 Wheeler, Thomas. Mr. Wheeler came to Lynn in 1635, 
 and was made a freeman in 1642. He appears to have been a 
 useful man, in an unostentatious way, while here ; was a mill 
 owner, and a man of some property. His name figures in our 
 Annals under dates 1633, 1653, and 1657. It was against him 
 
Biographical Sketches. Whiting. 217 
 
 that Captain Bridges issued the warrant for slander of Rev. 
 Mr. Cobbet. (See notice of Robert Bridges.) He remained till 
 1664, and then removed to Stonington, Ct., taking with him his 
 wife Mary, his son Isaac, and his daughters Elizabeth and Sarah. 
 He became the largest land-holder in Stonington, partly by 
 grants from the town and partly by purchase ; was an honored 
 member of the church ; held important public offices ; and died 
 there, in 1686, at the age of 84. His grandson Isaac, son of the 
 Isaac who went from Lynn, married a daughter of Rev. Jeremiah 
 Shepard, first minister of the Old Tunnel, December 9, 1697. 
 She was quite a business character, and amassed a handsome 
 property ; was accustomed to ride from Stonington to Boston to 
 purchase dry goods, and bought up all the spare beef and pork 
 in her neighborhood, for shipment to the latter place. She had 
 two children, Margaret and Thomas, and lived to a good old age. 
 Thomas was born in 1700, and died in 1750, the richest man in 
 the vicinity. See Annals, early dates. 
 
 Whiting, Rev. Samuel, a learned divine, for more than forty 
 years minister of the First Parish. See Annals, 1679 ^""^ earlier 
 dates. Of none of the New England fathers can a roll of nobler 
 descendants be presented. Some of them are named in our 
 pages of Annals, some in the Centennial Memorial, and some in 
 the book giving an account of the proceedings on the celebration 
 of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement. It 
 is not, however, recolle6led that we have heretofore named 
 Nathaniel Whiting, who was a Lieutenant in Pepperell's expedi- 
 tion, in 1745. He was born in 1724, and graduated at Yale, in 
 1743 ; was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Crown Point expedition, 
 and at the battle near lake George, succeeded to the command, 
 when Colonel Williams — from whom Williams College took its 
 name — fell. He was with Abercrombie at Ticonderoga, and 
 with Amherst in the redudtion of Canada ; always acquitting 
 himself as a brave, prudent, and humane officer. All along, 
 through our whole history, we find examples of the heroic devo- 
 tion of members of this noble family. We find them in all 
 departments, military, civil, and ecclesiastical, pursuing with 
 patriotic zeal and intelligent forecast, the highest interests of the 
 loved country of their birth. Who of this generation can forget 
 
2i8 Biographical Sketches. Widger. Wilkins. 
 
 the devoted condu6l of Hon. William Whiting, of Boston, during 
 the civil war 1 Whiting school was named in memory of our early 
 minister ; also Whiting street ; indeed the name of the town was 
 adopted in courtesy to him. A fac-simile of a signature of his 
 written at the age of eighty-two, follows. 
 
 
 Widger, Thomas, a mariner and prisoner of war. He died 
 January 21, 1871, aged 80 years. See Annals, 1871. 
 
 Wilkins, Bray. This early settler was a husbandman by 
 occupation, though like many others, at that period, he found it 
 expedient to follow other callings at different times. See Annals, 
 1630. It is probable that he had something to do with the iron 
 works, for when he and John Gingle purchased the Bellingham 
 farm, they paid down £,2\ in bar iron, and £,\ in money, mort- 
 gaging back for ;^22S ; this purchase being made after his return 
 from Dorchester, whither he went from Lynn, and where he had 
 been keeper of Neponset ferry. Gingle was a tailor by trade 
 and lived in Lynn, but left no mark by which he can with any 
 certainty be traced. In 1676 the mortgage was discharged, and 
 Wilkins, having bought out Gingle's interest, became sole pos- 
 sessor of the farm, which originally comprised some hundreds 
 of acres, and had been enlarged by other purchases. He had 
 six sons, lusty and strong, some or all of whom settled around 
 him, he remaining like a patriarch among them. He was stern 
 and uncompromising in his religious views, and became conspic- 
 uous for his zeal in the witchcraft prosecutions, evidently having 
 a sincere belief in the personality of the evil one and his vile 
 attempts to harass and destroy the good people hereabout. 
 John Willard, a grandson of his, was among the unfortunates 
 who suffered death for the supposed crime, and the conclusion 
 cannot be avoided that the course the grandfather took had no 
 tendency to prevent the unhappy result. Hon. C. W. Upham, 
 in his valuable work on the witchcraft outbreak, give^ some 
 touching details regarding Mr. Wilkins and his kindred as 
 connected with the strange episode ; but to many minds his 
 
Biographical Sketches. Willis. 2ig 
 
 narrations are more interesting than his conclusions satisfaftory ; 
 for it can hardly be possible that human nature, depraved as it 
 is, could develop such examples of precocious cunning, lying, and 
 dissembling, in mere children, as he supposes. No, no, the 
 " delusion " must have arisen from some psychological condition 
 different from that suggested by him. 
 
 Mr. Wilkins in a deposition says : " When John Willard [his 
 grandson] was first complained of by the afflidled persons for 
 affli6ting them, he came to my house, greatly troubled, desiring 
 me, with some other neighbors, to pray for him. I told him I 
 was then going from home, and could not stay ; but if I could 
 come home before night, I should not be unwilling. But it was 
 near night before I came home, and so I did not answer his 
 desire ; but I heard no more of him upon that account. Whether 
 my not answering his desire did not offend him, I cannot tell ; 
 but I was jealous, afterwards, that it did." And his jealousy 
 appears to have gathered strength ; for, being seized by certain 
 terrible pains, so that he " was like a man on a rack," he says, " I 
 told my wife immediately that I was afraid that Willard had done 
 me wrong ; my pain continuing, and finding no relief, my jealousy 
 continued. Mr. Lawson and others there were all amazed, and 
 knew not what to do for me. There was a woman accounted 
 skillful came hoping to help me, and after she had used means, 
 she asked me whether none of those evil persons had done me 
 damage. I said I could not say they had, but I was sore afraid 
 they had. She answered she did fear so too." We can only 
 account for this cold way of estimating the conduft of a near 
 relative who himself appears to have been intelligent and piously 
 inclined, and who died upon the gallows like a Christian hero, 
 through the prevailing hallucination. Whether Mr. Wilkins 
 finally came to view the matter in its true light does not exadtly 
 appear ; but his minister, the Rev. Joseph Green, remarks : " He 
 lived to a good old age, and saw his children's children and their 
 children, and peace upon our little Israel." Many respe6f:able 
 families in various parts of the country claim descent from him. 
 
 Willis, Thomas, the first resident of Tower Hill. He was 
 a Representative from Lynn in the first General Court. See 
 Annals, 1630, and other early dates. 
 
220 Biographical Sketches. Wood. Wormstead. 
 
 Wood, John, was one of the first settlers, and from him 
 Woodend took its name. See Annals, 1629. His autograph is 
 among those on the Armitage Petition, page 106. 
 
 Wood, William, Lynn's earliest delineator. See Annals, 
 1629, and other early dates. 
 
 Wormstead, John B., A privateersman in the war of 1812. 
 He died September 2, 1874, aged 85. See Annals, 1874. 
 
 Yawata — an Indian princess. The name was much admired 
 by Mr. Lewis. See History of Lynn, 1865 edition, page 40. 
 
 In closing our Chapter of Biographical Sketches, it is only 
 necessary to remark that the aim has been to shadow forth the 
 spirit of the people and the general condition of things here, at 
 different periods of our history. For this end individuals living 
 at different times and pursuing diverse walks of life have been 
 introduced. Possibly some critical reader may think of other 
 names that in his opinion should not have been omitted. But 
 on refleftion he may perceive a reason for the omission. There 
 is something more to be considered than mere present popular- 
 ity, as that may rest on a foundation that will soon crumble 
 away. We are far from claiming that our judgment in these 
 matters is perfeft, or that we have been successful in carrying 
 out a plan in itself good. But it is safe to say that no individual 
 who has not done something for the benefit of a community has 
 any claim to be remembered in that community, however he 
 may have thirsted for posthumous fame or however his friends 
 may desire his canonization. Yet it will be borne in mind, that 
 our business has not generally been so much with the individuals 
 themselves as with their external relations. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 
 
 " Now will we gather up 
 Stray fragments that elucidate our story, 
 The breezy freedom of past years commingling 
 
 With these our busy times." 
 
 In the present Chapter will be presented a variety of what 
 may, with propriety perhaps, be called detached matters relating 
 to the History of beloved old Lynn ; but it will be the aim to 
 select from the great number of topics that will naturally offer 
 themselves, only such as best subserve the leading purpose 
 of our volume. As to the arrangement of subjects, it can only 
 be said that it will be somewhat arbitrary, as it would be difficult 
 to adhere to any fixed rule ; but the endeavor will be to make it 
 as convenient as possible for the reader, who, aided by the index, 
 will not be at a loss to find any thing of importance that may 
 come under notice. 
 
 First Projected Rail-road. In 1828 a proposition was 
 made to construct a Rail-road from Boston to Salem ; and a 
 circular was sent out from the House of Representatives, to 
 various towns in the vicinity, seeking information from which 
 a judgment could be formed as to the expediency of undertaking 
 the formidable enterprise, either by individuals or the State. 
 The circular sent to Lynn was addressed to the editor of the 
 Mirror, and was responded to after evidently careful investiga- 
 tion and consideration. Without rehearsing the congratulations 
 on the then existing prosperity, or the rosy predictions for the 
 future of Lynn — which latter, by the way, have been fully real- 
 
 (221) 
 
222 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 ized — we will present some of the statements touching the actual 
 condition of certain matters of business here at that period. 
 Swampscott and Nahant, it will be remembered, were then con- 
 stituent parts of the town. 
 
 The principal manufacture of Lynn is shoes. Of these it appears that 1.038.189 
 pairs are annually made; which at four shillings a pair will amount to $692,126. 
 These, as they are usually packed, will fill 11.535 boxes ; the transportation of which, 
 at one shilling a box, will cost 51.922.50. It is considered that about three fourths 
 of the above amount returns to Lynn in sole leather and other articles for the manu- 
 facture of shoes, in English and West India goods, and other merchandize ; the 
 transportation of which may be fairly estimated at IS5.768. The article of flour 
 alone — 2.500 barrels, at $6 a barrel — would amount to JS15.000 ; the transportation 
 of which would cost $750. The transportation of the same amount in shoes, would 
 cost only $41.67. And many other heavy articles will bear an equal proportion. 
 The transportation of a barrel of flour from Boston to Lynn, is 30 cents, about the 
 same as the conveyance from Baltimore to Boston. 
 
 There have been about i.ooo tons of fresh fish, and 50 tons of cured fish, conveyed 
 on the Turnpike, as far as Charlestown, during the past year ; the transportation 
 of which, at twenty shillings a ton, amounts to 153.500. Fifty barrels of oil have also 
 been extracted, the transportation of which, at two shillings a barrel, cost $16.66. 
 
 The other articles transported on the Boston route, are 60 tons of hay, 70 tons 
 of chocolate, 26 tons of grain, 50 tons of cocoa, 20 tons of rice, 30 tons of ginger, 16 
 tons of neat hides, 12 tons of leather, 27 tons of goat and kid skins, 85 tons of sumac, 
 9 tons of iron, 36 tons of coal, 30 tons of barberry root, and 200 tons of marble ^— 
 making in all 671 tons; the transportation of which, at twenty shillings a ton, 
 amounts to $2,236.67. Besides these a large amount of goods is annually conveyed 
 to the dye house and [silk] printing establishment. 
 
 The average number of passengers is about eleven each day, for 300 days of the 
 year; the amount of whose conveyance, at $1.25 each, is $4,125. The amount 
 paid by Lynn people, for tolls, is probably about $2,100. 
 
 By this statement it appears that the annual expense to the town of Lynn, on the 
 Boston route, is $19,668.33. 
 
 The amount of property invested in baggage wagons, is about $4,000. 
 
 The small amount of coal brought hither at that time, which 
 was when anthracite was just beginning to come into use in New 
 England, shows how exclusively wood was still in use for fuel. 
 And we are inclined to think that a large portion even of the 
 thirty-six tons was bituminous, or such as blacksmiths use. 
 
 What will most surprise the reader, however, is the small 
 number of passengers from Lynn to Boston — an average of 
 eleven daily, and that when our population was 6.000. But such 
 of us as remember those days can readily understand why it was 
 so. Excepting here and there a prominent business man, few 
 went. to Boston more than once or twice a year ; many not more 
 than once in five years ; and had it continued thus to this day 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 223 
 
 there is little doubt that it would have been better for us, in 
 many respects. Are we not too much on the wing } " Shopping," 
 what little there was, was done in town. A visit to the city 
 ordinarily consumed a whole day and the expenses of the journey 
 were very much greater than at present, to say nothing of the 
 discomforts of the public conveyances. The few leading business 
 men who went up once or twice a week usually had their own 
 " teams,'' and often took in a neighbor, who would pay the tolls 
 and horse-baiting. The anecdote related in our Annals, under 
 date 1847, of a couple of business worthies, who rode to Charles- 
 town bridge, when they got into a dispute over the payment 
 of a toll, continuing to wrangle all day, and at night turning about 
 and jogging home without going over, has reference to this 
 custom as well as showing the obstinacy of the actors in the com- 
 ical scene. Then there were others — some even of the smaller 
 manufacturers — who were accustomed to go on foot, getting a 
 lift, perhaps, part of the way, on some friendly baggage wagon. 
 
 In relation to steam transportation, it may be stated that up 
 to 1828, no steam-propelled craft had ever stirred the waters 
 of Lynn. The " Ousatonic," well remembered as a steamer 
 of what would now be called diminutive size, was advertised to 
 visit Lynn on Monday, the 8th of September, of that year, to 
 take a party out on an excursion among the islands of Boston 
 harbor. The announcement caused a real sensation, for hardly 
 any one had seen a vessel moved by that mysterious motive 
 power ; and before the appointed hour an eager multitude hast- 
 ened to every point of observation, some even posting themselves 
 on house-tops. But no steamer came on that day, and great was 
 the disappointment, which manifested itself in various unsavory 
 ways. And if we rightly remember, a boat did not come till the 
 next year. 
 
 In connection with the above, and for the purpose of showing 
 what great expectations were raised from the enlarged use of 
 steam, the following paragraph which exultingly went the newspa- 
 porial round of that propitious year, 1828, may be given : 
 
 " Great Despatch. The Benjamin Franklin, steamer, made her 
 last trip from New York to Providence, in sixteen hours. She 
 was seventeen minutes at Newport. The shortest passage ever 
 made." The writer made a passage from Providence to New 
 
224 
 
 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 York, in the " palatial " steamer President, in the summer of 1829, 
 in what was then considered the very quick time of eighteen 
 hours, the sea being calm and the weather beautiful. 
 
 RICHARD HAVEN, OR HART, HOUSE. 
 
 The above is a faithful picture of a very ancient house, which 
 was owned by Richard Haven, who settled here as early as 1640. 
 In later years it was known as the Hart house, the last occupant 
 of the name being Joseph Hart, a farmer, who died in 1806. 
 It was taken down, transported to Reservoir Hill, and there 
 consumed in a sort of sacrifical bonfire on the morning of the 
 Centennial Day of the Republic — July 4, 1876. It stood on 
 the south-west corner of Boston and North Federal streets ; and 
 it may be mentioned, :n passing, was the birth-place of the 
 writer — if that is a circumstance of interest to any one. The 
 large tree in front was a buttonwood, and in the great gale of 181 5, 
 as the individual just alluded to well remembers, had its top 
 blown off, while he was gazing from the lower window on the rio-ht. 
 The singular out-branching of the new growth, as represented in 
 the cut, followed the disaster of the gale. This venerable tree 
 was cut down in 1 88 1. 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 225 
 
 . In the Lynn Reporter of July 8, 1 876, appeared the following 
 editorial account of the holocaust. There is a mistake as to the 
 builder of the house, which is corrected in the foregoing para- 
 graph, and it was older than the editor supposed, the western 
 portion at least having been built before Mr. Hart's time. 
 
 That " Beacon Light." Whatever points Lynn may have fallen behind in as 
 to the celebration of the Fourth, she may fairly claim the honor of making the most 
 remarkable bonfire in this section, in honor of its centennial opening. And thus it 
 happened : 
 
 Samuel Hart was one of our early settlers, and built a house on Boston street, 
 about 1670. His descendants always held and occupied the place down to Hon. 
 James R. Newhall, who stands in the direct line on the- mother's side. Now the 
 house, so very old, was greatly dilapidated and not worth repairs. As it was then 
 determined to remove it, it was sold at auction last week for a nominal sum, — ten or 
 fifteen dollars, — and with the consent of Judge Newhall, given to the young men 
 of West Lynn for a burnt-offering at the nation's jubilee. At it they went, at dusk on 
 Saturday eyening, and before morning every scrap and stick was torn down and 
 teamed, load after load, to the tip-top of Pine Hill, two hundred feet high, and in 
 plain sight of the country for miles away, in all directions. Before Monday night, 
 the whole was solidly packed in a great pyramid, near forty feet high, firmly stayed", 
 and bound, including several barrels of tar and kerosene, and one cask at least 
 of benzine cement. During the evening, the pile was freely drenched with waterpots- 
 of kerosene, and as " the hour of midnight tolled," it was lighted on two or three 
 sides at once, amid the wildest cheers of a great crowd, and the rapid reports of fire- 
 arms, great and small. A more glorious blaze is rarely seen. Even under the clear 
 moonlight the glare was most intense. The old timbers burned and burned, and at 
 eight next morning were yet blazing. And such was the end of the homestead of two- 
 hundred years ; it flamed up to heaven at last to honor the celebration of American 
 liberty and independence. Where else did they do any thing more significant 
 than this ? 
 
 The hill on which the boniire took place, is the highest point, 
 back of the house, as shown in the picture, and the highest point 
 in Lynn. It is two huiidred and twenty-four feet in height, andi 
 distant about three fourths of a mile. Second Pine Hill was. 
 the name by which the range of which it forms a part was 
 formerly known ; but after the construction of the City Reser- 
 voir, on the northern slope, this summit began to be called. 
 Reservoir Hill. 
 
 The " Old Indian," an enormous red cedar, stood within a few 
 rods of the spot whereon the bonfire was kindled. This tree; 
 was a marked object for generations, as it towered above all its- 
 forest neighbors, its blanched limbs stretching out above their 
 heads, in patriarchal dignity. Its age must have been very 
 great ; and judging from its appearance, one might well accept 
 
 IS 
 
226 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 as true the assertion that long before the white settlers came 
 it was a guide for the Indian skiffs that skimmed about in the 
 offing. When it yielded to the ruthless woodsman's ax, which 
 was quite within the writer's recollection, it seemed as if one 
 of the few remaining links that bound our dispensation to that 
 of the red man, had been severed. 
 
 Slaves. There were in Lynn, at the commencement of the 
 Revolution, twenty-six slaves. There had been a few from very 
 early times ; but they were most numerous throughout the 
 Province, in 1745. In 1754, there were four hundred and thirty- 
 nine in Essex County, and in all Massachusetts, four thousand, 
 four hundred and eighty-nine. In 1 774 the General Court passed 
 a bill prohibiting the importation of Slaves, but Governor Gage 
 withheld his assent. The State Constitution was established 
 in 1780. The first article of the Declaration of Rights asserts 
 that all men are born free and equal ; and this was generally 
 supposed to have reference to slavery ; but it was a point on 
 which there was by no means unanimity of opinion. In 1781, 
 however, at a court in Worcester, an indictment was found against 
 a white man for assaulting, beating, and imprisoning a black. 
 The case finally, in 1783, went to the Supreme Court, and the 
 defense was that the black was a slave, and the beating, &c., the 
 necessary and lawful correction of the master. But the defense 
 was declared invalid. And this decision was the death-blow to 
 slavery in Massachusetts. In later years, when the resolute 
 movement for the extinction of slavery throughout the land, 
 commenced, Lynn manifested becoming zeal in the cause ; and 
 among the most efficient workers was Mr. Lewis ; whose zeal, 
 however, seemed somewhat to abate as age advanced. But yet, 
 for his efforts in the incipient stages of the noble cause, he was 
 worth}' of greater praise than many of those who at the eleventh 
 hour and from less disinterested motives pushed noisily to the front. 
 
 John Dunton, the London bookseller, who visited Lynn in 
 1686, as mentioned in our Annals, under date 1635, was married, 
 at an early age, to Elizabeth Annesley ; and a sister of hers who 
 married Samuel Wesley, became mother of the celebrated John 
 Wesley. They were daughters of Dr. Samuel Annesley, a dis- 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 227 
 
 senting minister. Dunton seems not to have entertained the 
 most friendly feelings toward his brother-in-law, as he says, " Sara 
 Wesley has fouled his nest in hopes of a bishoprick." It might 
 be interesting to know what connection, if any, the blasted hopes 
 of the father, touching the bishopric, had with shaping the reli- 
 gious course of the son. 
 
 Speaker Onslow. On page 490 of the 186.5 edition of the 
 History of Lynn, mention is made of Governor Hutchinson's 
 comparing Speaker John Burrill, of Lynn, with Speaker Onslow, 
 of the British House of Commons. There were two Speakers 
 of the House of Commons, named Onslow — Sir Richard, elected 
 in the seventh year of Queen Anne, 1708, and Sir Arthur, 
 in the first year of King George HI., 1727. They were both 
 eminent presiding officers, and extremely watchful of the dignity 
 of the House. It is related that Col. Fitzroy, afterwards Lord 
 Southampton, when on one occasion reprimanded for making a 
 late appearance, excused himself by saying that he had been 
 detained by attendance on the King. Speaker Onslow, in a loud 
 voice and authoritative manner, replied, " Sir, do n't tell me of 
 waiting ; this is your place to attend in ; here is your first duty." 
 
 Lynn, in 1750 and in 18 17. A New York merchant who 
 travelled east, in 1750, says he put up at Mr. Ward's, in "Lyn, 
 which is a small Country Town of ab' 200 Houses, very pleas- 
 antly situated, & affords a Beautifull Rural Prospect.'' He 
 arrived at about one o'clock, " and dynd on fryd Codd." After 
 dinner, being refreshed by a glass of wine, he pursued his journey 
 -to Salem, " through a barren, rocky country," and the next day, 
 after visiting Marblehead, returned to Boston, stopping again at 
 Mr. Ward's, in Lynn, where he "dyned upon a fine mongrel 
 goose." 
 
 In 18 1 7, John Palmer, of King's Lynn, England, while on his 
 travels in the United States and Canada, an account of which he 
 afterwards published, in London, found occasion thus to speak 
 of our vicinity : " After crossing [September 1 1] a bridge which 
 joins Charlestown to Chelsea, another small suburb, we found 
 the road very excellent, carried on for some miles through salt. 
 marshes where the hay stacks are all placed on frames to prevent 
 
228 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 their -being damaged by high tides, which sometimes overflow 
 the level. We passed through the town of- Lynn, noted for its 
 extensive manufacture of elegant silk and cloth shoes. Morse 
 gives the number made in 1795 at 300.000 pairs, and in 1802 
 computes them to amount to 400.000 pairs. At present, I am 
 told, the trade is on the decline, the spirit of emigration having 
 seized many of the apprentices and journeymen. Lynn contains 
 four or five thousand inhabitants, but presents little appearance 
 of compactness. As is common in the United States, the houses 
 are spread over a wide tract of ground. Leaving Lynn [and 
 proceeding towards Salem] the remainder of the journey is 
 through a rocky country." 
 
 The barren aspect of the country between Lynn and Salem, 
 noticed by these travellers, though somewhat improved in our 
 day, yet furnishes evidence that they were observing chroniclers. 
 The pestiferous wood-wax is now an added annoyance. 
 
 First Corn from the West. It will be remembered that 
 the summer of 18 16 is stated to have been remarkably cold, in 
 New England, that very little corn ripened, that there was a 
 frost in every month of the year, and that snow fell in June. In 
 connection with this it may be interesting to state that Captain 
 James Mudge, of Lynn, during the year^ brought to Boston, from 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, in the brig Cincinnatus, a cargo of corn in the 
 ear. This was the first sea-going vessel ever built in Cincinnati, 
 and so lively was the interest felt, that many in different parts 
 of New England went to considerable pains to procure an ear 
 of the corn to preserve as a memento of the enterprise. The 
 vessel was built in 18 14, by John Brooks, an emigrant from Maine. 
 
 Singular Record. The following remarkable entry appears 
 on the public records of Lynn : " Married, Daniel Gowing to 
 Mary Bowers, Dec. 25, 1764, by Rev. Mr. Adams. Said Gowing 
 took the s"* Mary naked, except a sheet & shift that she borrowed." 
 Rev. Mr. Adams was minister of the Lynnfield parish. Proba- 
 bly the bride appeared in that condition under the apprehension 
 that if she brought nothing to her husband he could not be 
 held responsible for any existing debt of hers. But why might 
 she not .have borrowed a gown as well as the other, articles ? 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 229 
 
 Records of Lynn. In the preservation of her earliest 
 records Lynn has been unfortunate. Yet it is probable that 
 for many years they were kept in a manner so loose and imper- 
 fect as to have been hardly worth preserving, as a whole, though 
 they undoubtedly contained some things that should have en- 
 sured their safe custody. The county records, however, supply, 
 in the form of deeds, wills, inventories, depositions, and so forth, a 
 great portion of the information the loss of which would be most 
 seriously felt. For instance: among the county files may be 
 found the copy made by Andrew Mansfield, of the land allot- 
 ments of 1638. 
 
 The earliest regular town records now in existence commence 
 in 1 69 1. But there was an order passed in 171 5 requiring that 
 some of the previous records, then in^ a dilapidated condition, 
 should be transcribed ; and the order was complied with to the 
 extent of a few pages, it having been left to the selectmen to 
 carry it out in such manner as they thought best. The copies 
 relate to matters as far back as 1661. 
 
 The little volumes of records of " Marriages, Births and 
 Deaths in the Town of Lynn," with the exception of the first, 
 are yet in the custody of the city clerk ; and in the title-page 
 of the second, is this note: "The first volume is lost. In 1820 
 I found this volume in ruins; bound it and furnished it with an 
 index. Preserve it carefully. Alonzo Lewis." These volumes 
 contain quite a number of what are called "genealogies" of 
 the old families, and are very useful, in many cases, in tracing 
 pedigrees ; but they are not free from errors ; and the details 
 are frequently so imperfect and involved as to occasion doubt 
 and perplexity. Much difficulty. arises from the identity of names, 
 as middle ones were then seldom used. At one time, for instance 
 there were eight persons here of the name James Newhall, 
 not one having a middle name, but each relying for his identity 
 upon some nickname, benevolently bestowed by his neighbors ; 
 marks of distinction, however, which could not appear on the 
 public records. These "genealogical" records have been copied 
 into a proper book, with an alphabetically arranged index, which 
 adds greatly to the facility for examination; but the copying 
 afforded an opportunity, not altogether unimproved, to add. to 
 the errors of the .originals.. 
 
230 Miscellaneous Notes! 
 
 It need not be added that ever since Lynn became a city, her 
 records have been kept in the most careful manner ; and indeed 
 for many years before the adoption of the Charter, there was 
 little reason to complain of the competency or faithfulness of our 
 recording clerks. 
 
 The First Parish records extend back only to 172 1-2 ; and 
 they are the earliest church records that have been preserved. 
 
 Matrimonial Finesse. In our biographical sketch of Mr. 
 Lewis, in the 1865 edition of the History of Lynn, an " interme- 
 diate" matrimonial companion is spoken of. The romantic 
 affair of the supposed valid second marriage was the occasion 
 of much comment among his friends. He unquestionably died 
 without a doubt that she had, at the time of the separation, a 
 former husband living, whatever his. suspicions may have been 
 as to some of her other and more equivocal declarations. About 
 fourteen years after the death of Mr. Lewis, however, the 
 writer was informed by a worthy priest of the Catholic church, 
 that he had received a letter from the lady herself, who was then 
 in London, informing him of her conversion to the Romish faith, 
 and confessing that the story of her previous marriage was a 
 fiction, framed by herself for the purpose of severing her connec- 
 tion with Mr. Lewis, under whose " gentle control " she had 
 become restive. If this was true, she must have had a confed- 
 erate in the person of a young man, for a marital claimant 
 certainly did appear here in Lynn. Mr. Lewis himself, in con- 
 siderable perturbation one morning informed the writer that he 
 had just had an interview with such a one and requested some 
 friendly interposition for the settlement of the unpleasant affair. 
 A young literary flirt does not usually prove the most suitable 
 conjugal companion for a staid citizen of advanced years. His 
 age w^s fifty-six, and hers seventeen, at the time of the marriage, 
 as the hymeneal notice in the newspapers stated. 
 
 Siamese Twins. It was in 1831 that the famous Siamese 
 twins, Chang and Eng, so mysteriously united in person, were 
 first exhibited in this vicinity. During the warm season of that 
 year they were for a short time rusticating in Lynnfield, and 
 while out on a gunning excursion, one day, became so irritated 
 
Miscellaneous Notes, 231 
 
 by being followed and stared at, by men and boys, that they 
 committed a breach of the peace, were taken before a magis- 
 trate's court, and put under bonds. It came near becoming a 
 serious question how one could be punished by imprisonment, 
 should it come to that, if the other were innocent. The difficulty 
 vanished, however, when it appeared that both were guilty. 
 They died in North Carolina, in the winter of 1873, within two 
 hours of each other, aged 63 years. 
 
 Funeral Expenses. Much has been said, of late, and with 
 justice, concerning the extravagance so commonly indulged in, 
 on the burial of the dead. The expenditures for casket, floral 
 decorations, carriages, and so forth, have become really burden- 
 some to persons of limited income. Many seem to think it mean 
 not to follow the fashion in these matters, and mean also to dis- 
 pute any charge of those who furnish the appliances, however 
 exorbitant such charge may be. But does not a sentiment 
 very different from love for the departed or grief for one's own 
 loss, rule here ? Certainly it is not in ostentatious display that 
 the grieved heart most naturally seeks relief Of course we all 
 realize that no good can come to the departed by glitter and 
 parade, however costly they may be. Nor can they heal affec- 
 tion's deeper wounds. It would be truly lamentable if the 
 time should ever come when heart-relieving ceremonials were 
 dispensed with at the burial of the dead ; but garish pomp is but 
 fast fading drapery about a grave. 
 
 In early New England times the dead were committed to their 
 last resting places with very little ceremony beyond the proces- 
 sion of mourning friends ; the coffin was rude ; and seldom was 
 a prayer offered, an omission, however, that probably arose from 
 anxiety to avoid any thing that approached the popish custom 
 of praying for the dead. But before the beginning of the last 
 century, new and strange customs began to appear, and expendi- 
 tures were made for purposes more reprehensible than any 
 extravagance of this day. Indeed funerals were sometimes made 
 seasons of jollification. Especially when the deceased Was a 
 minister or other prominent personage, spirituous liquors were 
 provided, and gloves and rings presented. And these customs 
 prevailed to some extent even down to times within the memory , 
 
232 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 of persons now living. Here is a copy of the charges incurred at 
 the burial of Rev; Mr. Brown, of Reading, in 1733 : 
 
 To Thomas Eaton, for provisions, 210 
 
 Nathaniel Eaton, for fetching up the wine, . . . . o 15 o 
 
 Lt. Nathaniel Parker, for 5 qts. Rhom [rum], . , . 080 
 Samuel Poole, for digging Mr. Brown's grave, . . .080 
 
 Landlord Wesson, for Rhom [rum], o 10 6 
 
 Wm. Cowdry, for making the coffin, o 15 o 
 
 Andrew Tyler, of Boston, 6 gold rings for funeral, . . 10 18 O 
 
 Benj. Fitch, of Boston, Gloves, etc., . . . . 1700 
 
 Mrs. Martha Brown, for wine furnished, . . . " 500 
 
 Eben Storer, of Boston, sundries 800 
 
 Total, 45 15 6 
 
 Until a comparatively recent period the burial places in 
 the rural districts of New England were generally neglected 
 spots, overgrown with rank weeds and all manner of unseemly 
 vegetation. And we cannot fail to rejoice that these unsightly 
 enclosures are fast giving place to beautiful cemeteries, whose 
 graceful adornments are a perpetual delight to the meditative 
 mourner. The simple monument that records the name and 
 virtues of a dear departed one, however inexpensive or rude it 
 may be, will long out-last the memory of any pomp or ceremonial 
 that may have attended the committal of the body to the earth. 
 
 Specie Transportation. John Adams, afterwards President 
 of the United States, but then a young lawyer, travelling his 
 circuit, accompanied by his wife, mentions, under date Nov. 3, 
 1766, having "oated" at Martin's — the celebrated old Anchor 
 Tavern, in what is now East Saugus — on his way to attend the 
 court at Salem. And returning, a few days after, he again " oated " 
 at Martin's, " where we saw," he adds, " five boxes of dollars, 
 containing, as we were told, about eighteen thousand of them; 
 going in a horse-cart from Salem Custom House to Boston, in 
 order to be shipped for England. A guard of armed men, with 
 swords, hangers, pistols and muskets attended." 
 
 Value of a Shirt, in 1729. There was a complaint made 
 by Benjamin Newhall, of Lynn, before Theophilus Burrill, a 
 Justice of the Peace, in behalf of His Majesty; the King, " That 
 whereas some evil minded person, contrary to the peace of our 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 233 
 
 Sovereign Lord the King and the laws of his Majesty's Province 
 of Massachusetts, did on or upon the 28th day of this Instant 
 month of December, 1729, (being the Lord's day) steale, purloine, 
 or Take and karry a way a new Shirtt of your Complainant's ffit 
 for a Small Bodyed man. Either out of the new Dwelling hous 
 where s"* complainantt Lives, or verry neare there to, which 
 Shirt was made of cotton and Linning cloath, a middling sort 
 of cloath, valued at about Twelve Shillings, and Doth Wehemently 
 Suspect," &c. A search warrant was issued, but it does not 
 appear whether the property was recovered. The " new Dwelling 
 hous," it is presumed, was the two-story wooden housp, known as 
 the Hallowell house, still standing on North Common street, two 
 or three rods east of the old Episcopal church. 
 
 First Directory of Lynn. Early in 1832 the writer pur- 
 chased of Charles F. Lummus, the first Lynn printer, the little 
 office which he had been running for about six years, and running 
 to such disadvantage that he had run out the small means with 
 which he commenced. It was the first printing office in Lynn, 
 and very poorly supplied with material. By the sale, Mr. Lum- 
 mus found himself out. of employment ; and though not inclined 
 to excessive industry, his circumstances required that he should 
 not remain in idleness. He was about thirty years of age, a 
 bachelor, and a boarder at Lynn Hotel, at that time perhaps the 
 most genteel boarding place in the town. His habits were good, 
 and his expenses small. 
 
 In casting about, under these circumstances, for something to 
 turn his hand to, he conceived the project of compiling a Direc- 
 tory, the population then numbering about 6.200. A short season 
 of pleasant work would by such means be afforded, as in collect- 
 ing the information and procuring subscribers, he could travel 
 about in pleasant weather, gossip with all sorts of people, and 
 suspend labor when he felt inclined. . He knew every body, every 
 body knew him, and there were few who would not cordially greet 
 him, and render such assistance as was in their power. So the 
 work went on. When the information was gathered and the 
 subscribers obtained the printing was to be done. There was 
 no office in Lynn with sufficient type of a suitable kind, and he 
 made an arrangement with an establishment. in Boston. He did 
 
234 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 the type-setting himself, and as might have been expected the 
 work did not proceed with remarkable vigor. However, it was 
 a new thing, and the subscribers, not knowing exactly what they 
 had a right to expect, did not manifest much impatience. 
 
 In the latter part of May the Directory made its appearance. 
 It was in the shape of a duodecimo of seventy-two pages, was in 
 paper covers, contained the variety of information usually found 
 in works of the kind, was as accurate as it could well be made, 
 and on the whole was quite creditable. But in a pecuniary way 
 it was not much of a success, for Mr. Lummus afterwards told 
 the writer that he realized only enough to make scanty day wages. 
 
 Such is a history of the first Directory of Lynn, copies of which 
 may yet occasionally be found in some of the older homes. 
 As the first printer of Lynn, and the compiler of her first Direc- 
 tory, the name of Mr. Lummus will survive long after many who 
 were more successful in "heaping up riches" are forgotten. 
 
 Election Day. To some of our elder people the mention 
 of this now unnoticed anniversary will call up recollections of a 
 peculiar character. The ancient Colony Charter ordained " That 
 yearely, once in the yeare forever hereafter, namely, the last 
 Wednesday in Easter tearme yeareley, the Governo'', Deputy 
 Governo'', and Assistants of the said Company, and all other 
 officers of the said Company shalbe, in the Generall Court or 
 Assembly to be held for that day or tyme, newly chosen for the 
 yeare ensueing by such greater part of the said Company for the 
 tyme being then and there present.'' 
 
 Thus it was that the last Wednesday of May became the 
 famous Election Day. During many of its latter years the 
 period was more commonly called " 'lection time" for the last 
 four days of the week were embraced in the popular observance. 
 And it was not till 1 831, that the day so long noted above almost 
 any other, was compelled, through a constitutional amendment, 
 to fall back into the ranks of unnoted days. The worthy old 
 legislators evidently considered this annually recurring election 
 of their chief officers, a matter of very grave importance, fearing, 
 no doubt, that their liberties might be endangered by such 
 abuses as they had seen arise from longer official terms, and 
 from modes of appointment in which the great body of the people 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 235 
 
 were not allowed to participate. Their anxious watchfulness 
 may be seen all along. At a General Court held in 1639, the 
 matter was treated in this manner : " It is solemly & vnanimosly 
 decreed & established, that henceforth vpon the day or dayes 
 appointed by our patent to hold o"' yearely Court for the election 
 of our Governo'', Deputy Governo"', Assistants & other generall 
 officers, being the last Wednesday of every Easter tearme, that 
 the ffreemen of this iurisdiction shall either in person or by 
 proxie, w^iout any sumons, attend & consumate the elections. . . 
 As for the place of publike assembling, it shalbee wher the 
 pceeding Court of Elections was held, vnlesse then & there some 
 other place shalbee assigned. This acte of o^s wee conceive so 
 nearely to conceme the good of this country that we earnestly 
 tntreate it 'may never be repealed by any futtire Courte." 
 
 This last sentence we put in italic for the purpose of empha- 
 sizing the admonition evidently intended. And it is agreeable 
 to be able to remark that essentially the principle so urged by 
 our sagacious forefathers became so interwoven with the very 
 texture of our political economy that it has never yet ceased to 
 work for good. 
 
 Why the popular observance of Election Day should have 
 taken the turn it finally did, is a mystery. Our younger people 
 can have little conception of the style of entertainment and 
 diversion by which it was characterized. It was not like Fast, 
 Decoration, Independence, or Thanksgiving day. Exactly how 
 it was observed a hundred and fifty years ago, we cannot 
 tell ; but how it was during the first quarter of the present 
 century many now living can attest, and surely will agree that 
 in view of its moral influence, it was not abolished any too 
 soon. 
 
 It was pleasant to see the young men and maidens arrayed 
 in their new "election suits," promenading with smiling faces, 
 and joining in woodland pic-nics, or in merry household gather- 
 ings. And the decorations from the abundant floral provision 
 of the season, were always to be admired. The " election cake," 
 too, so spicy and so glossy, which was provided in every house, 
 with the slightly stimulating but not inebriating diet-drink made 
 glad the young hearts. But the egg-nog, the flip, the muddy 
 ale, and other fight-inspiring drinks that freely flowed in the 
 
236 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 public dance houses, were the occasion of such irregularities, as 
 happily have no match in these days. There were dance houses 
 in various neighborhoods, notably one known as " Old Willis's," 
 at North Bend, where dissipated men and lewd women assembled 
 to spend the day and night in disgraceful revelry. It is hard to 
 tell how such disreputable proceedings originated, for there was 
 certainly nothing inherent in the original purpose to produce them. 
 For many of its latter years, the day was popularly known as 
 " Nigger Election," which questionable appellation was given, as 
 some have supposed, to distinguish it from Artillery Election, 
 which occurred on the first Monday in June, and which still 
 holds its place in the calendar. But the true reason for its having 
 been so called no doubt was that so long as slavery existed 
 in Massachusetts, our colored brethren — who were allowed by 
 their masters an annual vacation of four days, beginning with 
 ■ the day on which the General Court made their elections — were 
 accustomed then, in imitation of their masters, to assemble on 
 Boston Common or in some other convenient place, and proceed 
 to elect rulers from their own ranks ; or rather imitation rulers, 
 rulers without authority and without subjects. They engaged 
 in their sportive polrtical ceremonies with a keen relish, the 
 more so, perhaps from having no real interest to be anxious about, 
 and wound up with scenes of unlimited jollity. And the whole 
 of their vacation was marked by excesses such as might be 
 expected from a class so ignorant and so excitable when freed 
 from restraint ; for the masters did not interfere till the utmost 
 verge of decency had been reached, good-naturedly submitting 
 to the hard hits levelled against themselves, and possibly profit- 
 ing a little by some shrewd allusion. Perhaps these excesses 
 of the negroes gave rise to the vile manner in which the season 
 was observed by the lower class of some of our own complexion ; 
 and perhaps, also, " election time " extended to four days, in 
 accordance with the limit of the vacation allowed the slaves. 
 Pompey, a slave belonging to Daniel Mansfield> of Lynn, who is 
 referred to on page 1 98 of this volume, and who is stated to have 
 been a prince in his native land, appears to have had regal honors 
 bestowed upon him,, thoughi destitute both of subjects and au- 
 thority. 
 
 As has before appeared, the. Court of Elections was abolished 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 237 
 
 in 1831; and then, of course, "election time" ceased to be 
 observed. We have seen what indulgences characterized its latter 
 days. And it may not be impertinent to ask if there are not 
 other seasons which are now observed in a manner quite as 
 inconsistent with the original purpose, if not in a manner quite 
 as reprehensible. How about our annilal Fast ? Do we regard 
 it as a day of " fasting, humiliation and prayer," or as a day for 
 out-door sports and in-door games .' Some good Christian peo- 
 ple, notably among them the late Rev. Dr. Cooke, have thought, 
 in view of the turn things have taken, that it would be wise to 
 discontinue altogether the appointment of such a day. But 
 would it not be better to reform than abolish ? It is rather 
 surprising that one of Dr. Cooke's spirit should counsel a course 
 that looks so much like a surrender. Then there is Independence 
 day, the day on which, in times past, in the public celebration, 
 the best orator and the best poet were called to spread their 
 wings in oration and ode, and patriotism and lofty sentiment 
 freely gushed in toast and banquet speech, with interludes of 
 trumpet notes and song. But now " Young America " rather 
 has the ascendancy hereabout ; and the " antique and horrible " 
 displays, the tub races and the bicycles take the leading part — 
 all well enough, perhaps, in their way, but seemingly not quite 
 up to the requirements of the dignity of so grand an occasion. 
 
 One word more about Artillery Election. It need not be 
 remarked that the name is derived from the fact that on that 
 day — the first Monday of June — the officers of the Ancient 
 and Honorable Artillery are elected. The company was organ- 
 ized as early as 1638, and quite a list of Lynn men have been 
 members. It continues in vigorous existence, but is, at this day, 
 not so much needed as a regulator in tactics, as it was in former 
 years ; in short it is now rather an organization of respectable 
 military citizens who meet in a semi-social way, than one ad- 
 hering to the strict rules and requirements of martial life. 
 
 They have occasionally on parade days visited Lynn. Any 
 one in passing along Tremont street, in Boston, may observe 
 near 'the outer wall of the King's Chapel burying ground an 
 ancient gravestone bearing the name Hezekiah Usher. This 
 individual was one of the original members of the organization. 
 A son of his, pf the same name, was an officer in the company, and 
 
238 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 died in Lynn, though he was not a resident, in July 1697 ; and 
 they marched hither to escort his remains to their last resting 
 place beside those of his father. Our eleventh Mayor, Col. 
 Roland G. Usher, is of the same ancestral line ; and he became 
 a member of the company in 185 1. 
 
 Shays's Rebellion. The following items appear m an account 
 presented by the town of Lynn for reimbursement by the state 
 for supplies furnished on the occasion of this memorable disturb- 
 ance, which took place in 1786: "One thousand weight of Beef, 
 at 2d. I farthing & 1-2 a pound ; four hundred and thirty four 
 pound of Bread, at 19J. pr Hundred ; twenty two gallons of Rum, 
 at 2s. 8d pur gal. ; a Barril to carry the Rumin, 4s. ; one Bushel 
 of salt, 2s. and a Bag 2s. ; four Camp kittle at 5^. a peace, lost ; 
 the selectmen eleven days at 4s. pur Day for necessary time 
 spent to collect s^ things," &c. 
 
 Woodward's Awls. The elder members of the shoe-making 
 craft hereabout will remember the famous Woodward awls. Before 
 shoes were made by machinery, they had a great sale in Lynn, 
 as nothing could supply their place. They were manufactured 
 in that part of Reading now known as Wakefield, by Thomas 
 Woodward, who was a native of Lynn, or Lynnfield, as it now 
 is, and was born in 1773. He was a very ingenious and dexter- 
 ous mechanic, and has been credited with numbering among his 
 other inventions that of the Emerson razor strap. I.Ir. Eaton, 
 in his history of Reading, says of him : " He was an honest, 
 industrious, and kind-hearted man, but possessed some peculiar- 
 ities of character ; he had an inquiring and Tather credulous 
 mind ; any new idea, either in physic, physics or ethics, he was 
 ever ready to adopt, and if he thought it valuable, he was dis- 
 posed to pursue it with great sincerity and pertinacity of purpose ; 
 hence we find him ever trying some new experiment in manufac- 
 turing, using some newly invented pilis or cordial, making a 
 " Tincture," that becomes and still continues a popular medicine, 
 becoming an anti-mason and abolitionist of the most approved 
 patterns, and an honest and sincere believer in Millerism. He 
 was, however, a very useful citizen. He lived to be aged, and 
 his body outlived his mind." He died in 1 860, aged 87 years. 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 239 
 
 Religious Discussions. In our Annals, under date 1702, an 
 account is given of a characteristic discussion on religious topics, 
 held in Lynn by Rev. George Keith, a Church of England mis- 
 sionary, and John Richardson a prominent Quaker preacher. 
 There was at that period a wide-spread interest in such contro- 
 versies, on both sides of the water, and the contestants often 
 manifested most intemperate zeal. Soon after Mr. Keith's return 
 to England the following appeared as an advertisement in the 
 London Postman : "Whereas, the world has been told in public, 
 papers and otherwise, of numerous conversions of Quakers to 
 the Church of England, by means of Mr. Keith and others, and 
 whereas the Quakers give out in their late books and otherwise, 
 that since Mr. Keith came out of America, there are not ten 
 persons owned by them that have left their Society, Mr. Keith 
 and others will very much oblige the world in publishing a true 
 list of their proselytes." 
 
 Prescott's Walk. William H. Prescott, the eminent histo- 
 rian, was for some years a summer resident of Lynn, his estate 
 being on Ocean street. There he composed a considerable 
 portion of " Philip the Second," and did other writing. His 
 physical infirmities were such that much air and exercise were 
 absolutely necessary. The old cherry tree, alluded to in the 
 following extract from the biography of the historian, by George 
 Ticknor, stood in front of the mansion. 
 
 " One thing at his Lynn home, was, and still is, [1862] very 
 touching. There was hardly a tree on the place except some 
 young plantations, which were partly his own, but which he did 
 not live to see grow up. But shade was important to him there 
 as it was everywhere ; and none was to be found on his grounds 
 except under the broad branches of an old cherry tree, which 
 had come down from the days of Quaker shoemakers, who were so 
 long the monarchs of the land there, and in all the neighborhood. 
 Round the narrow circle of shade which this tree afforded him, 
 he walked with his accustomed fidelity a certain length of time 
 every day whenever the sun prevented him from going more 
 freely abroad. There he soon wore a path in the green sward, 
 and so deep did it at last become that now — four years since 
 any foot has pressed it — the marks still remain as a sad memo- 
 
240 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 rial of his infirmity. I have not unfrequently watched him as 
 ■ he paced his wearisome rounds there, carrying a light umbrella, 
 which, when he reached the sunny side of his circle, he raised 
 for an instant to protect his eyes, and then shut it again, that 
 the suffering organ might have the full benefit, not only of the 
 exercise, but of the fresh air ; so exact and minute was he as to 
 whatever could in the slightest degree affect its condition." 
 
 This same old cherry tree is referred to in the following im- 
 pressive but slightly stilted sonnet, written after Mr. Prescott's 
 death, by an esteemed poetess of New York : 
 
 No more, alas ! the soft returning spring 
 
 Shall greet thee, walking near thy favorite tree, 
 
 Marking with patient step the magic ring 
 
 Where pageants grand and monarchs move with thee, 
 
 Thou new Columbus ! bringing from old Spain 
 
 Her ancient wealth to this awaiting shore ; 
 
 Returning stamped with impress of thy brain, 
 
 Far richer treasures than her galleons bore. 
 
 Two worlds shall weep for thee — the Old, the New — 
 
 Now that the marble and the canvas wait 
 
 In vain to cheer the homes and hearts so true. 
 
 Thy immortality made desolate, 
 
 While angels on imperishable scroll 
 
 Record the wondrous beauty of thy sou!. 
 
 The Sea-Serpent. In our Annals, under date 1819, is given 
 a pretty full account of this wonderful marine monster who is 
 yet regarded by many as a mere creature of the imagination. 
 And under date 1875 may be found a few additional particulars. 
 Till within a comparatively recent period leading scientists ap- 
 peared to disdain even the discussion of the question of his 
 existence. But new interest has, of late, from some cause, been 
 awakened, and opinions more or less valuable are freely expressed 
 by those who claim to be most learned in nature's mysteries. 
 The speculations of scientists, however, are not always more 
 satisfactory than the observation and experience of some who 
 make no high claims ; for there are, even among the learned, 
 wise and unwise, credulous and incredulous ones. In the pres- 
 ent state of the question, it may be interesting to give a few 
 items of testimony which are not to be found elsewhere in our 
 history. 
 
 Nathan D. Chase, an aged and respectable citizen residing in 
 
Miscellaneous ISIotes. 241 
 
 the eastern section of the city, in a newspaper article published 
 in June, 1881, referring to the appearance in 1819, says : 
 
 I had the pleasure of seeing his snakeship off Long Beach and Red Rock. He 
 passed along within one hundred feet from where I stood, giving me a very good 
 sight of him. At that time he carried his head out of water about two feet, and his speed 
 was like that of an ordinary ocean steamer. What I saw of his length was from fifty 
 to sixty feet. It was very difficult to count the bunches, or bony iins upon his back, 
 as by his undulating motion they did not all appear at once. This accounts, in part, 
 for the varied descriptions given of him by different parties. His appearance at the 
 surface of the water was occasional and but for a short time. This is the best 
 description I can give of him from my own observation, and I saw the monster as 
 truly, though not quite so clearly, as I ever saw any thing. 
 
 There are honest neighbors of Mr. Chase, who, though they 
 entertain not the slightest doubt of his veracity, yet believe that 
 his eyes did not serve him with entire faithfulness ; or rather 
 that imagination was unwittingly allowed to add a little of its 
 illuminating power. The writer has conversed with several who 
 were on the Beach at the time of the alleged appearance and 
 found them to disagree considerably as to details, and in posi^ 
 tiveness. One worthy man said, " Why, yes, I saw what they 
 called the sea-serpent, but could not make out what some others, 
 present declared they saw." Yet none seemed to doubt that 
 something wonderful was moving about there. 
 
 To this day, with here and there an exception, the Swampscott 
 fishermen, the yachtsmen, and residents near the shore ridicule 
 the idea of the existence of such a monster. Probably not three 
 in ten of the old fishermen believe that any thing more like a' 
 serpent than a horse-mackerel ever sported in these waters. 
 But all this is negative ; and the positive testimony of even three 
 or four credible persons may reasonably be expected' to^ outweigh, 
 it in most minds. Three persons might see a thing, that forty 
 others, did not see, though in a situation where they could hardly 
 have avoided the sight ; but their not seeing it could, not strike 
 it out of existence. 
 
 A year or two before the alleged first appearance of the won- 
 derful creature in these waters he was said to have been; seen 
 in the harbor of Gloucester, or about the waters of Cape Anm;, 
 and the following description of him by Hon. Lonson Nash,, 
 a prominent and highly esteemed resident of that section, ap- 
 pears in a letter addressed to Hon. John Davis, and published in 
 a pamphlet entitled " Report of a Committee of the Linnsean 
 
 16 
 
242 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 Society of New England, relative to a large Marine Animal, sup- 
 posed to be a Serpent, seen near Cape Ann, Massachusetts, 
 August, 1817." 
 
 You request a detailed account of my observations relative to the serpent. I 
 saw him on the fourteenth ultimo, [August 14, 1817] and when nearest I judged 
 him to be about two hundred and fifty yards from me. At that distance I judged 
 him in the larger part about the size of a half barrel, gradually tapering towards the 
 two extremes. Twice I saw him with a glass, only for a short time, and at other 
 times with the naked eye for nearly half an hour. His color appeared nearly 
 black — his motion nearly vertical. When he moved on the surface of the water, the 
 track in his rear was visible for at least half a mile. 
 
 His velocity, when moving on the surface of the water, I judged was at the rate 
 of a mile in about four minutes. When immersed in the water, his. speed was greater, 
 moving, I should say, at the rate of a mile in two, or at most in three minutes. When 
 moving under water, you could often trace him by the motion of the water on the 
 surface, and from this circumstance I conclude he did not.swim deep. He apparently 
 went as straight through the water as you could draw a line. When he changed his 
 course, it diminished his velocity but little — the two extremes that were visible 
 ap,, eared rapidly moving in opposite directions, and when they came parallel they 
 appeared not more than a yard apart. With a glass I could not take in at one view 
 the two extremes of the animal that were visible. I have looked at a vessel at about 
 the same distance, and could distinctly see forty-five feet. If he should be taken, I 
 have no doubt that his length would be found seventy feet, at least, and I should not 
 be sur|5rised if he should be found one hundred feet long. When I saw him I was 
 standing on an eminence on the sea-shore, elevated about thirty feet above the surface 
 of the water, and the sea was smooth. If I saw his head I could not distinguish it 
 from his body, though there were sea-faring men near me who. said they could 
 distinctly see his head. I believe they spoke truth, but not having been much 
 accustomed to look through a glass, I was not so fortunate. 
 
 I never saw more than seven or eight distinct portions of him above the water at 
 any one time, and he appeared rough, though I suppose this appearance was pro- 
 duced liyl-us motion. When he disappeared he apparently sank directly down like 
 a rock. Capt. Beach has been in Boston for a week past, and I am informed that he 
 is stili there. An engraving from his drawing of the serpent has been or is now 
 making in Bostoi\, but I have not been able to ascertain how far his drawing is 
 thought a correct jepresentation. 
 
 It will be .observed that Mr. Nash speaks as if there were no 
 doubt as to the .existence of the mysterious stranger. And a 
 contemporaneous account, like his, is generally by far the most 
 satisfactory ,; because when one undertakes to describe what he 
 saw many years before, the distance of time and the unconscious 
 mingling of circumstances may, unless great care is exercised 
 and the mind remains perfectly clear, however honest, give a 
 false coloring. Very aged people, in looking back upon events 
 of their childhood, are proverbially prone to take up the magni- 
 fying glass ; and being less liable than contemporaneous narrators 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 243 
 
 to be confronted by living witnesses, if they err, are free from 
 some of the restraints that lie outside of conscience. 
 
 It is not improbable that this supposed representative of a 
 tribe that existed in ages long past, if he has the temerity to 
 continue his visits to our coast, may yet be captured, and the 
 agitating questions concerning him settled. 
 
 Major General Whiting. Rev. Mr. Whiting, the second 
 minister of the first church of Lynn, and his descendants have 
 been under notice several times in our pages. And it is perhaps 
 well to add that Major General Whiting, of the Confederate 
 army, in the great civil war, who was considered, next to Beau- 
 regard, the ablest officer in their engineer department, was a son 
 of Col. John Whiting, and a lineal descendant from our venerated 
 minister. In 1839 he graduated from the Public Latin School 
 at Boston, and at West Point took the foremost rank in the 
 engineer corps. He was in charge of the fortifications near 
 Savannah, about the time the war broke out, was taken prisoner 
 while in command of the Confederate forces at the mouth of Cape 
 Fear river, and died while a prisoner in New York harbor. He 
 is represented to have been a man of rare accomplishments. 
 
 It is not to be doubted that many of those who espoused the 
 Confederate cause, sincerely believed they were acting the part 
 of true patriots, though it is difficult to understand how some 
 of the intelligent and humane leaders could have brought their 
 minds to approve of a part at least of the principles contended 
 for — especially those relating to slavery. They must have been 
 laboring under a sort of self-delusion, as it cannot be supposed 
 they acted without any systematic view of duty or right. Such 
 a man as General Whiting is represented to have been, so un- 
 disturbed by ambition or selfish aspiration, appears entirely out 
 of place among those companions in the finally "lost cause," 
 who, destitute of the higher principles that should regulate human 
 conduct, were governed by insatiable thirst for political advance- 
 ment or self-aggrandizement. 
 
 If it were desirable to present a character in set-off to the 
 individual who is the subject of this notice, we should refer to his 
 no less prominent kinsman, the Hon. William Whiting, late 
 of Boston, by whom the Whiting shaft in our Old Burying Ground 
 
244 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 was erected. He was as ardent a supporter of the Union cause 
 as the other was of the Confederate ; was Solicitor of the War 
 Department, at Washington, from 1862 to 1865, performing the 
 arduous duties with a zeal and fidelity that elicited the highest 
 commendation, and by his writings — particularly those on the 
 " War Powers under the Constitution of the United States," — 
 materially strengthening the hands of the government. He was 
 a descendant, of the seventh generation, from our beloved old 
 minister, was born in 1813, graduated at Harvard, in 1833, was 
 admitted to the bar of Massachusetts and the -United States 
 Courts in 1838, was a Presidential Elector in 1868, and Repre- 
 sentative of the Boston District in the Forty-third Congress. 
 He took great interest in historical studies, was President of the 
 New England Historic-Genealogical Society, and author of the 
 highly-appreciated " Memoir of Rev. Samuel Whiting, D. D., and 
 of his wife Elizabeth St. John," a beautiful volume of 334 pages, 
 a copy of which the writer procured for our Public Library. He 
 died a few years since. 
 
 Point of Pines — or Pines Point, or simply The Pines, as 
 the former and familiar names were — is the easterly section, 
 without any definitely marked boundaries, of old Chelsea (now 
 Revere) Beach. Though in the adjoining county of Suffolk, it 
 seems rather to be a mere territorial outpost of ancient Lynn. 
 This beach was always beautiful, but in former years not much 
 visited excepting by those who went with rickety cart and stum- 
 bling dobbin to gather of the abundant up-castings of the sea, to 
 enrich their farm lands ; and excepting, also, that in the warm 
 season a rough sort of pic-nic party sometimes went over in boats 
 or down in wagons to have a jolly time over their fish chowder, 
 fried clams, and boiled lobster, washed down by the exhilarating 
 drinks of the day. 
 
 The land hereabout was of little value, for it could be turned 
 to few profitable uses. A friend of the writer once refused to 
 purchase a tract of several acres when the whole was offered for 
 a hundred and fifty dollars. There was, however, many years 
 ago a sort of public house, where scant accommodations could be 
 had ; a house not sustaining the most unblemished reputation, 
 but perhaps quite as good as is usually found in retired places near 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 245 
 
 large cities ; but even that induced the visits oi some who could 
 appreciate the beauties of the place and perhaps see that in the 
 future it would become of note. In later years one or two houses 
 of greater pretension and better reputation appeared ; but the 
 patronage was limited and the appointments not of the most 
 genteel order. The road that led to the Point was round-about 
 and in some places rough and exposed. There was little to 
 attract the sportsman, or the shore fisherman ; neither was there 
 much to be found among the sands and pebbles to interest 
 the naturalist or curiosity seeker. Yet there seemed a tendency 
 by degrees to recognise the Beach as a place for summer resort. 
 
 But when the "Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road" was 
 built, in 1875, the whole region was opened up at once, as it were, 
 to the light of day — the day of speculation, most certainly — and to 
 the notice of people of refinement, as well as to fashionable pleasure 
 seekers. Very rapid was the increase in the price of lands ; 
 for which there can be little wonder, as the whole vicinity — the 
 Revere and Chelsea hills, and the lawn-like levels — furnish some 
 of the most charming views and salubrious airs that are to be 
 found on the New England coast. And it can hardly be doubted 
 that this well-favored region, with its wholesome breezes, bathing 
 facilities, ease of access and befitting accommodations for all 
 classes of visitors, will soon take rank as a most popular water- 
 ing place. 
 
 The Point of Pines, with its groves and its spacious and 
 tasty architectural erections, now presents a remarkably pictur- 
 esque appearance as viewed from the heights of Lynn. And 
 when at evening the grounds are aglow with the brilliant electric 
 lights, sharply defining the swaying branches and lightly gilding 
 the ocean swells, and the capacious houses are illuminated, story 
 above story, the scene is very striking — almost fairy like when 
 is added the softened music of the band floating over the inter- 
 vening waters. 
 
 And in this we see what wonderful changes may suddenly, 
 and as it were incidentally, take place by the accomplishment 
 of some shrewdly conceived "public improvement," like the 
 building of a small piece of road. And there are other places in 
 our favored neighborhood fully as capable as that in question, of 
 being brought into similar notice and made equally remunerative. 
 
246 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 Historic Tea. In our Annals, under date 1773, the destruc- 
 tion of the tea, in Boston harbor, is spoken of. And in connec- 
 tion it may he stated that at the National Sailors' Fair, held in 
 Boston, in November, 1 864, Mrs. E. N. Cheever contributed some 
 of the tea from one of the fated chests. It was taken from the 
 shoe of Ezekiel Cheever, of Saugus, one of the persons engaged 
 in the destruction of the cargoes. He had stopped on his way- 
 home, at the house of Col. Abijah Cheever, in Saugus, where it 
 was emptied from his shoe, and preserved. 
 
 Resources and Supplies. The ocean has always proved a 
 hospitable friend to the people of Lynn, and they may well 
 praise the sagacity of the shrewd forefathers who cast their 
 destinies here upon its pleasant borders. It has yielded a great 
 variety of fish, and a store of rich dressing for the arable lands. 
 I'o the indigent settler it was a never failing source of supply in 
 the days of greatest need ; and to this day there has never been 
 a time when the destitute could not resort to the lobster-rocks, 
 the eel-beds, dr the clam-banks, for a wholesome repast ; to say 
 nothing of the cod, haddock, mackerel, and other finny varieties 
 that abound upon our coast, nor of the shoals of alewives that 
 occasionally appear in the streams that flow by sqme of our very 
 doors. When we read of the destitution that season after season 
 prevailed in some of the more inland settlements, of their some- 
 times reaching the very verge of starvation, we are led most fully 
 to realize the benefits of our position. 
 
 At no period, during her whole history, has Lynn been com- 
 pelled to call on her neighbors for assistance, though she has 
 many times extended a helping hand to calls from others. It 
 has often been a matter of wonder, that the early settlers in 
 various parts of the old colony, should ever have found themselvfes 
 in such straits for food as we read of their occasionally having been, 
 for none of them were very far from the sea. It seems as if there' 
 must have be6n some sort of improvidence or' lack of skillful 
 management somewherd. But we are not to judge them, and 
 probably do not fully understand the difficulties by which they 
 were encompassed. 
 
 The extraordinary fecundity of some of the smaller kinds 
 of fish is well attested. That the milt of a single cod " contains 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 247 
 
 more animals than there are men on the earth," we are not 
 prepared to dispute — certainly not from any actual enumeration ; 
 nor would we undertake to deny that were it not for the gor- 
 mandising propensities of the larger corsairs of the deep the 
 smaller would so increase that ships would be obstructed in 
 their movements ; yet we are prepared to say that some kinds, 
 once abundant hereabout have almost entirely disappeared — 
 salmon, shad, and bass, for instance. • As to shell-fish : the clam 
 is yet measurably abundant, though the population is so rapidly 
 increasing that his admirers are already beginning to fear great 
 scarcity ; sixty years ago ten or twelve cents was a fair price for 
 half a bushel. And as to lobsters, though large numbers are 
 yet every year taken, about the rocks of Nahant and Swampscott, 
 and out in deeper water, their haunts are so unceasingly invaded 
 that even their graceful forms and sunny tempers, without the 
 intervention of the strong arm of the law could not save them 
 from apprehended extinction. Our present laws, with their rather 
 severe penalties may succeed in affording future generations a 
 taste of the delicate meat. 
 
 Eels do not seem to elicit the tender sympathies of people, as 
 do some of their companions of the shoals ; perhaps because 
 they have the misfortune to so resemble snakes. They yet bed, 
 in, large numbers, in Saugus river and other places where soft, 
 muddy bottoms are found, and in winter especially furnish to their 
 captors many a savory meal. Tons of them were formerly taken, 
 every winter, in the river alone. And the grim old iron workers 
 had there a well-improved harvest field. 
 
 The sportive little " nippers," are much less abundant about 
 the rocks of Nahant, than formerly, if the testimony of the pretty 
 amateur fishers who so unskillfully cast their lines is to be taken 
 as conclusive. 
 
 But we thankfully- reiterate that the yielding sea has always 
 proved a liberal friend to Lynn. Lynn, however, has likewise 
 proved a friend to herself Our people have never been given to 
 moroseness, or complaining. In the' outset there was no aspira- 
 ration for things too high ; and we have ever remained an industri- 
 ous, working people — a people not unduly prone to speculative 
 and haphazard enterprises. These habits, early established, 
 have stood us in good stead; through the mutations of all our 
 
248 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 country's history, often saving from the disasters which ever 
 attend fast living, whether in the individual or the community. 
 
 Not having devoted her energies to employments such as 
 sometimes result in the accumulation of great individual wealth, 
 thereby creating withering social distinctions, Lynn has been 
 remarkably free from the mischiefs, annoyances, and discomforts 
 which always, in small communities, arise from class distinctions. 
 What care we, if in former years some of our amiable neighbors 
 affected to look down upon us as a community of humble plod- 
 ders — what care we, now that we have, by our small gains, our 
 industry and frugal habits, left them in the rear.'' We would 
 not, however, assume a boastful tone, though it somehow does 
 seem as if good example should not always be veiled. 
 
 Our esteemed neighbors, Salem and Marblehead, for instance, 
 have hitherto directed their attention to pursuits widely differing 
 from our own, and the results have differed accordingly. The 
 commerce of the one and the fisheries of the other, with the 
 attendant West India trade, have decayed, and they have already 
 resorted to other employments more likely to ensure the perma- 
 nence of the thrift they so well deserve ; some of which employ- 
 ments are akin to the once disdained business of Lynn — shoe 
 manufacturing. But the good they have done the nation is not 
 to be counterbalanced by any local hindrances. They long since 
 opened sources of traffic which have added immensely to the 
 prosperity of the country, and raised her name abroad. In this, 
 it must be admitted, they are entitled to rank above ourselves. 
 
 The New England fisheries, especially, were early looked upon 
 by the British government with favor, though the later Naviga- 
 tion Laws of the kingdom greatly interfered with their success. 
 They were really important training schools for the supply of the 
 commercial and naval marine of the father land. And finally, 
 when the exigencies of the Revolution demanded the most hardy, 
 skillful, and brave, fon the manning of her little navy, the eye 
 of the nation was confidently turned, and turned with eminent 
 success, to those robust wayfarers of the sea. 
 
 Such differences in the early economy of neighboring settle- 
 ments should be kept in mind, if one is curious to trace the 
 causes of social distinctions, and the cause of the high or low 
 name a given place may receive. And they furnish, too, abun- 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 249 
 
 dant reason for the repression of any feeling of sectional pride. 
 Yet we must maintain that old Lynn has been a favored place, 
 favored in the high scriptural sense of being oppressed neither 
 by poverty nor riches. 
 
 Ancient Documents. Two or three years ago, Mr. James 
 W. Webber, of Lowell street, in repairing a piece of old furniture, 
 found, pressed in back of a drawer from which they had evidently 
 fallen, two or three old, time-stained papers. Instead of burning 
 them, as many would have done, he kindly handed them to the 
 writer, to whom one at least proved of much interest, as it was a 
 receipt written by an ancestor, a specimen of whose handwriting 
 he had long de§ired to possess. 
 
 Another, was the quaint public document that follows in which 
 many who are interested in our local history, will recognize some 
 old, familiar names : 
 
 Essex, ss. To Joseph Newhall, Constable, In Lynn, March 3d, 1755, 
 
 Greeting : 
 In his majesties name you are Required to warn the Several Persons here 
 after named, to attend att the house of Benjamin Bowdens on fridaynext, at two 
 of the Clock in the afternoon, in order to take the oath to there oiEce thay wair 
 Chose to Serve in, this Day, and make Return of this your Doings, fail not. 
 By order of the Select men. 
 
 Nathaniel Bancroft, 
 
 Survar of high ways, Tithen man also. 
 Amos & Joseph newhalls, 
 
 fence viuer. 
 David Gowan, Jur. & 
 Abraham welman 
 
 Joseph Fuller, town Clerk. 
 
 I hog] 
 
 The document is labelled, " 1755. A warrant to warn Town 
 officers." And on the back, besides the imperfect return, ap- 
 pears this record : " At a meeting of the Select men, April 7, 
 175s, apinted Locker newhall, hog Reeve and Joseph Skinner, 
 hog Reeve." This " Locker newhall," was the father of the 
 noted Landlord Jacob Newhall, who, during the Revolution, kept 
 the famous old Anchor Tavern — at that time under another 
 name — on the Boston road, in what is now East Saugus. The 
 Joseph Fuller, who was Town Clerk, was chosen to the office 
 that year, 1755, succeeding his kinsman John Fuller. The 
 Fullers were farmers, and the family seat was at the westerly 
 end of Waterhill, the present Cottage street running through 
 
2SO Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 a part of what was their noble orchard. It was here, too, that 
 an ancient Indian encampment is supposed to have existed, as 
 arrow-heads and implements used by the red men have been found. 
 Hon. Joseph Fuller, the first State Senator from Lynn, [1812] 
 and a Representative for six years, likewise [18 14] first President 
 of the Mechanics — now the First National — Bank, was of the 
 old Fuller line, and born on that salubrious spot. Maria Augusta 
 Fuller, the poetess,, was a daughter of his. 
 
 Speaking of the old document here copied, which is not of 
 value excepting as a mere curiosity, leads to the remark that 
 such chance-findings sometimes prove of exceeding importance; 
 And if those who come across them, and to whom they are of no 
 interest, would take the trouble to hand them ta some one who 
 is in the way to understand their worth, a good end might often 
 be subserved. 
 
 First Sermon. It has been stated in various publications 
 that Rev. Mr. Phillips, of Lynn, preached the first sermon ever 
 delivered, in Waldo county, Maine. The Phillips family was early 
 known in Lynn ; but there was no settled minister of the name. 
 They appear to have at first located in Swampscott, where 
 descendants yet remain, though they were soon found in various 
 parts of the town. They were generally a thrifty, enterprising 
 people. The reverend gentleman referred to may have been a 
 resident minister though not parochially settled. 
 
 The sermon alluded to was a funeral discourse on the death of 
 General Samuel Waldo, who died on the 23d of May, 1759, 
 at the age of 63. He was a distinguished officer, and a native 
 of Boston, though a resident of Maine ; was a Brigadier General 
 at the capture of Louisburg, in 1745, owned extensive tracts on 
 the Penobscot, and had made several voyages to the old country. 
 In Drake's Biographical Dictionary, it is said : " There were 
 remarkable coincidences between his life and that of his friend 
 Sir William Pepperell. They lived in Maine, and were rich 
 bachelors ; they were councillors together ; they commanded 
 regiments, and were together at Louisburg ■ they passed a year 
 together in England ; were born the same year ; and died nearly 
 at the same time." ■ Mr. Phillips certainly had a good subject 
 for an eloquent and pathetic discourse. 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 251 
 
 The Hills of Lynn. Whoever has had an opportunity to 
 range about the woody, rock-bound hills that skirt along our 
 northern border, cannot have failed to perceive that we are sur- 
 rounded by some of nature's most charming scenery. And 
 the hills themselves, when viewed from the town, present features 
 of romantic interest. Some slight idea of their appearance may 
 be obtained from the little picture on page 224, of the present 
 volume. Yet they appear, when seen from the water or from 
 the shore-ward levels, of greater height than actual measurement 
 determines. In the picture, the highest point. Reservoir Hill, is 
 shown. And the following table gives the height of that and 
 several other points within the old town limits, in feet : 
 
 Reservoir Hill, 224 
 
 Dungeon Hills 200 
 
 High Rock, 170 
 
 Sadler's Rock 166 
 
 Lover's Leap, . . . 
 
 Egg Rock 
 
 Sagamore Hill, . . 
 Bailey's Hill, (Nahant) 
 
 133 
 85 
 66 
 63 
 
 History of Lynn. The first edition of the History of Lynn 
 appeared in four numbers, in 1829. The next edition was issued 
 in 1844, in the form of an octavo of 278 pages. These were by 
 Mr. Lewis, who died on the twenty-first of January, 1861. In 
 1865 appeared the edition bearing the imprint of that year. 
 This was a volume of 620 octavo pages, and is the one so many 
 times referred to in the present work as the " 1865 edition of the 
 History of Lynn," and which contains the " Annals," from the 
 time the settlement commenced, in 1629 down to the close 
 of 1864. It embraced the whole of Mr. Lewis's work, with addi- 
 tions and a continuation down to the time of its publication, by 
 James R. Newhall. The volume now in the reader's hands, and 
 which is by the individual last named, takes up the "Annals" 
 where the 1865 edition left them, and continues on to 1882, with 
 the addition of many pages of historical matter relating to de- 
 tached topics. 
 
 It will be perceived that Mr. Lewis's contribution was not 
 very great, if only the number of pages is taken into view. But 
 when his arduous labors in collecting in so new a field, his care- 
 fulness, and the rich suggestiveness of his pages are considered, 
 all wonder at the high praise bestowed on him ceases. And it 
 is a matter of keen regret that his labors were confined to so 
 limited a sphere as a single town. He did, indeed, many years 
 
252 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 ago, propose preparing a history of Boston, which would in some 
 sense have been a history of the whole State, or indeed of all 
 New England. And why he failed to execute his purpose is not 
 known. Some very worthy people manifested a deep interest in 
 his plan ; but perhaps the pecuniary aid was lacking, for it is as 
 generally true that those whose energies are devoted to nourish- 
 ing the purse have little regard for the nourishment of the mind, 
 as that those who minister to the mind neglect the purse. Mr. 
 Drake, in the preface to his History of Boston, published in 1856, 
 very kindly says that if Mr. Lewis had written a history of that 
 city, there would have been no need of his own work. 
 
 Discomforts of Travel. It is well known that along in 
 the latter part of the last century and the early part of the present, 
 the few shoe-manufacturers whose trade extended beyond Boston, 
 were subjected to hardships and discomforts of which the manu- 
 facturers of this day know nothing ; not the least of which were 
 their tedious journeys to New York and places farther south, to 
 dispose of their shoes and collect, or try to collect, their dues. 
 The writer has heard good old Col. Brimblecom, whose manufac- 
 tory and dwelling were on the lonely Turnpike near the Franklin 
 street crossing, and who died in 1850, describe some of his 
 expeditions in a manner to which it was doubtful whether laugh- 
 ter or tears were most appropriate. 
 
 In the early part of this century President Quincy, who was 
 wooing the fair lady of New York who afterwards became his 
 wife, speaks thus feelingly of the difficulties that beset his way : 
 " The carriages were old and the shackling and much of the 
 harness made of ropes. One pair of horses carried us eighteen 
 miles. We generally reached our resting place for the night, 
 if no accident intervened, at ten o'clock, and after a frugal supper, 
 went to bed with a notice that we should be called at three, next 
 morning — which generally proved to be half past two. Then, 
 whether it snowed or rained, the traveller must rise and make 
 ready by the help of a horn lantern and a farthing candle, and 
 proceed on his way, over bad roads, sometimes with a driver 
 showing no doubtful symptoms of drunkenness, which good 
 hearted passengers never failed to improve at every stoppino- 
 place, by urging upon him the comfort of another glass of toddy. 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 253 
 
 Thus we travelled eighteen miles a stage, sometimes obliged to 
 get out and help the coachman lift the coach out of a quagmire 
 or rut, and arriving in New York after a week's hard travelling, 
 [from Boston] wondering at the ease as well as the expedition 
 with which our journey was effected." Of course all the difficul- 
 ties and disasters of the way were compensated for by the happy 
 termination of the wooing. But the poor shoe-manufacturer 
 was too often compelled to travel the route with misgivings that 
 were not to be thus satisfactorily relieved. 
 
 Perplexities and Duties of Authorship. In the Preface 
 to the 1865 editon of our History, a word is said about the labor 
 and perplexity attending the preparation of a work for the press, 
 especially one in which a multitude of dates and facts appear. 
 Dr. Livingstone, in the preface to his South African Researches 
 says : " Those who have never carried a book through the press 
 can form no idea of the amount of toil it involves." The toil, 
 however, is not so great as the anxiety a careful author must 
 feel to have his statements correct. Dates and facts are not 
 always so readily obtained as the inexperienced may imagine. 
 We remember that once, after a fruitless search for a certain date 
 the thought occurred that it might be found on a grave-stone in 
 the Old Burying Ground. The printer's call for " copy " was 
 imperative ; and so, on a dreary winter night, borrowing a 
 lantern of the undertaker and receiving his comforting caution 
 to beware lest a bullet, intended by some wary watchman for a 
 body-snatcher, should suddenly put a period to the search, we 
 entered the ground, found the stone, and after scraping away 
 the snow, were rewarded by finding the object searched for. 
 This is given only as an illustration of what is often necessary 
 to ensure accuracy, and to bespeak indulgence for trifling errors. 
 
 In the Preface first mentioned, too, a word is said about the 
 redundant, inappropriate, and often ridiculous use of titles in 
 which we Americans indulge. The writer has been somewhat 
 sparing in the use of the titular pepper-box, believing that such 
 free application of nominal distinctions seldom adds to the dignity 
 of a name, though sometimes useful for identification. Horace 
 Smith defines " Esquire " as " a title very much in use by vulgar 
 people." But on this subject nothing further need be said here. 
 
254 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 Free Public Forest. Glen Lewis. On page 90 of the 
 present volume the reader may find a brief account of a " Camp 
 Day " of the " Exploring Circle." And to the few remarks there 
 made a little something should be added, as the movement has 
 now assumed a rather more definite shape. ■ 
 
 The intelligent and public-spirited gentlemen who enlisted in 
 the.praise-v/orthy "Free Public Forest" enterprise, soon formed 
 themselves into a voluntary association, having in view, briefly, 
 the preservation, as far as possible, of the extensive range of forest 
 that traverses our northern border, and its devotion to the free 
 use of the public, forever — a noble purpose, most surely. 
 
 The association is not a legally incorporated body, but an 
 entirely voluntary one, and dependent for its success upon the 
 good-will and contributions of the people. Of course, as respon- 
 sibilities increase and perplexing questions arise, it may become 
 necessary to introduce new features into the organization ; but 
 for the present nothing further seems required, as the trustees, 
 in whose hands the general management now rests, are of a 
 character that cannot fail to command the confidence of their 
 fellow-citizens. In time, others, of a different order, may be 
 cstlled to occupy their placesj and further safeguards become 
 necessary. Yet, should any rights be invaded, protection may 
 always be found in the courts, for they cannot, if they would, put 
 themselves beyond the jurisdiction of at least a court of equity ; 
 and as to the present officers, we are sure they would not plant 
 themselves outside of the law, if they could, however strong a 
 temptation might arise. ' 
 
 On the thirtieth of May — Memorial Day — 1882, another 
 Camp Day was held, far back in the woods, at which the principal 
 ceremony was the consecration of Glen Lewis — a wild and 
 secluded spot in the extensive tract known as Blood Swamp. 
 The ceremonies were of a character similar to those spoken of on 
 page 90, before referred to, with the addition of certain features 
 appropriate to the leading purpose. The day was pleasant, and 
 there, . surrounded by the budding beauties of the season, the 
 large company of ladies and gentlemen, youthful and mature, 
 passed some very enjoyable hours in witnessing ceremonials 
 induced by a warm desire to duly honor the memory of Lynn's 
 esteemed historian and bard. 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 255 
 
 Whether any present were actuated by awakened consciences, 
 and desired to atone for former neglects, or had any to atone for, 
 may not be inquired into here. But it is not to be denied that 
 Mr. Lewis, during his life, did not receive from the great body 
 of his fellow-citizens the consideration which his talents and 
 services merited. His literary efforts, perhaps we should say 
 aside from his history, were not duly appreciated ; and the pecu- 
 niary returns were meagre. He was keenly alive to the opinions 
 of others, and delighted with expressions of approval, especially 
 when those expressions appeared in print. And his life would 
 have been rendered vastly more happy, if he had received, while 
 among us, but a small portion of the praise that has been awarded 
 since his decease, and which was justly his due. Posthumous 
 acknowledgments are pleasant to the friends of departed ones ; 
 but it is doubtful if the departed themselves can be much moved 
 by them. 
 
 The writer is not unmindful of his own short-comings, and in 
 the biographical sketch in the 1865 edition of the History of 
 Lynn, has endeavored to present some of the points of character 
 wherein our friend was clearly misunderstood and consequently 
 misjudged. That Mr. Lewis, especially in the earlier stages of his 
 literary career, was extremely sensitive in matters touching his 
 growing fame, and a little jealous of the aspirations of others, 
 may not be disputed ; nor can it be disputed that occasionally, 
 by some singularly unfortunate assumption, he exposed himself 
 as a conspicuous mark for the shafts of criticism. But his appeals 
 usually had in them such a measure of good sense and such a 
 worthy purpose, that they could be counted as good seed, a little 
 unwisely scattered. 
 
 Among other things, with now and then a needlessly tart ex- 
 pression, he deprecated the disposition to undervalue the efforts 
 of natives. In an "open letter" to the writer, dated October i, 
 1833, and addressed through the columns of a Boston paper, he 
 says : " I have long observed the disposition prevalent in this 
 town, to put down every individual, that was a native of it, who 
 possessed any unfortunate tendency to rising. It is a disposition 
 that appears to prevail in this town more than in any other, with 
 which I am acquainted. Other towns know that the honor of their 
 sons is their own, and they conduct accordingly. If they can 
 
2s6 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 promote the welfare or advancement of an individual, they con- 
 sider that an equal amount is added to their own. But it would 
 seem as if we acted on a principle exactly different ; for it too 
 often happens that they who manifest the greatest degree of 
 public spirit, and do the most for the town, fare the worst." 
 
 The foregoing somewhat acidulous sentences it will be no- 
 ticed, were written about fifty years ago. And it may not be 
 improper to ask if there has been much improvement since. 
 The letter was elicited by the only occasion where a disagree- 
 ment between Mr. Lewis and the writer culminated in a news- 
 paper controversy ; and it is believed the result was in r;o small 
 degree beneficial ; it certainly was to one of us, and perhaps 
 to both. The true theory, undoubtedly is, that every community 
 should make use of the best talent it possesses, whatever the 
 origin ; but a native should not be denied an equal chance, as 
 Mr. Lewis seemed to think he often was. And it certainly does, 
 in some instances, look as if one native thought there never 
 could be a fellow-native equal to a transplanted resident. 
 
 It is not easy to determine whether Mr. Lewis preferred fame 
 as a poet or historian. His writings were about as voluminous 
 in one department as the other, though it was apparent that 
 certain critics did not consider him equally successful in both. 
 
 Many a time have we looked back to the cheerless day on 
 which the remains of our friend were conveyed to their last 
 resting place, with feelings of deep sadness. The funeral service 
 took place on the twenty-third of January, 1861, in the Central 
 Congregational Meeting-house, on Silsbee street. It was a 
 dreary day, without, though no storm was actually raging ; and 
 within, there was little to relieve the dreariness. The house 
 was cold, and the sombre exercises quite brief No remarks 
 touching the ability, character, or merits of the departed, were 
 made ; indeed there was nothing beyond the reading of some 
 passages of Scripture, a prayer, and a few strains of sacred mu- 
 sic — such an apparently empty service being very uncommon 
 in a Congregational place of worship, hereabout, on the occasion 
 of a burial, at that period. But the saddest part of the whole 
 was the singularly small attendance. And as, in passing out, 
 we paused in the porch, almost alone, to take a last look upon 
 that manly face, upturned in the casket, we almost fancied that 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 257 
 
 the pallid lips would part, and the well-known voice in sorrow 
 ask, " Where, now, are all my worthy friends ? " And what 
 answer could there be, but the chilling echo, " Where ? " 
 
 That Mr. Lewis's poetic conceptions led him to admire the 
 picturesque and beautiful in every department of nature, is true ; 
 but it is likewise true that he had his preferences. The drowsy 
 silence of the woody glen had its attractions ; but as a retreat in 
 which to meditate, he would rather have sought some rocky 
 niche by the sea, where the lulling melody of the peaceful, or the 
 stern harmony of the storm-tossed, waves, was ceaselessly heard. 
 His loved home, against whose very walls the sea murmured its 
 matins and vespers, sufficiently evinces this. And by the sea 
 would he have had his last resting place, pleading therefor in 
 these imploring strains : 
 
 O bury me not in the dark old woods, 
 
 Where the sunbeams never shine ; 
 Where mingles the mist of the mountain floods 
 
 With the dew of the dismal pine ! 
 But bury me deep by the bright blue sea, 
 
 I have loved in life so well ; 
 Where the winds may come to my spirit free, 
 
 And the sound of the ocean shell. 
 
 It is hoped that none of the foregoing remarks will be regarded 
 as made without a purpose, or in a captious spirit. The occasion 
 of the consecration of the Glen was a highly interesting one, and 
 forced upon the writer reflections, some of which, thus expressed, 
 may awaken in other minds considerations leading to results 
 beneficial to all of us. 
 
 The Mayflower. In the Calendar of British State Papers, 
 under date April 12, 1588, is found the following: "Thos. San- 
 dyll, Mayor, and Aldermen of King's Lynn, to the Council : 
 Pray them to direct letters to the town of Blakeney and other 
 members of the port which refused to contribute their share 
 towards the furnishing of the ships required. They are willing 
 to furnish the Mayflower, of Lynn, of 150 tons, and a fine pinnace, 
 to join her majesty's fleet." It would probably be esteemed an 
 honor, by some of us, to discover a connection, however remote, 
 between Lynn and the famed Mayflower ; and hence it may be 
 gratifying to have it appear that the vessel here named, was 
 
 17 
 
2S8 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 the renowned little rover the seas that afterwards brought . the 
 pilgrims, with their thousands of tons of trumpery to "wild 
 New England's shore." King's Lynn, from which our own city 
 derived its name, was not, indeed, noted for its puritanical pro- 
 clivities, but as "business is business," would no doubt have 
 been ready, for a consideration, to enter into negotiations touch- 
 ing the emigration had they still owned the favored craft. The 
 stated tonnage, though it does not exactly tally, yet comes so 
 near that it may well be taken as some evidence of identity. 
 
 First Church Celebration. On the eighth of June, 1882, 
 a very interesting celebration took place — the celebration of the 
 two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the " First 
 Church of Christ in Lynn" — one of the very few churches that 
 have remained steadfast in the faith of the New England fathers. 
 It was something more than a mere society or denominational 
 observance, being one well calculated to enlist the sympathies 
 and stir the feelings of all natives of the town, and to interest all 
 who haye a regard for her prosperity and good name. 
 
 Yet it must be admitted that the attendance on the various 
 exercises was not so large as might have been expected, the 
 weather, in particular, being propitious. No doubt many forbore 
 to suspend their ordinary avocations, in the belief that the good 
 ,things to be said would immediately be published in a form that 
 could be perused at any leisure hour. But the absentees lost 
 much in failing to witness features that lay beyond the reporter's 
 skill. They would have been especially pleased with the air 
 of cordiality and Christian fervor that pervaded all the proceed- 
 ings. There was, however, a very fair attendance, and that by 
 no means confined to members of the society. Among the vis- 
 itors from abroad was the Rev. Dr. Henry M. Dexter, one of the 
 most prominent of our New England scholars and divines ; an 
 accomplished antiquary and author of various works, among 
 which is the highly-commended " History of Congregationalism." 
 He is a lineal descendant from farmer Thomas Dexter, who 
 conspicuously figured in our early history, and for a long time 
 kept the town authorities in a disturbed state by persistently 
 urging his claim to the whole territory of Nahant, under a 
 purchase from the Indian sagamore Poquanum — otherwise called 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 259 
 
 Duke William, or Black Will — for a suit of clothes, in 1630. 
 As editor of a leading religious paper. Dr. Dexter has done 
 much to defend the ancient " orthodox " faith, against the inroads 
 of modern " liberalism." There were also present other conspic- 
 uous individuals from abroad, some of whom took part in the 
 proceedings. 
 
 The exercises consisted of addresses appropriate to the occa- 
 sion, interspersed with sacred music ; the principal address being 
 an historical one by the pastor, Rev. Walter Barton. And at 
 noon an excellent collation was provided, sufficient for the abun- 
 dant supply of all present, who desired to partake. The deco- 
 rations, floral and otherwise, were in good taste, and everything 
 conspired to make the occasion one most enjoyable and pleasant 
 to be remembered. 
 
 The following is a list of the ministers of this venerable parish 
 from the commencement of worship here to the present time. 
 1632, Stephen Bachiler. 1636, Samuel Whiting. 1637, Thomas 
 Cobbet, (colleague.) 1680, Jeremiah Shepard. 1680, Joseph 
 Whiting, (colleague.) 1720, Nathaniel Henchman. 1763, John 
 Treadwell. 1784, Obadiah Parsons. 1794, Thomas Gushing 
 Thacher. 1813, Isaac Hurd. 1818, Otis Rockwood. 1832, Da- 
 vid Peabody. 1836, Parsons Cooke. 1865, James M. Whiton. 
 1872, Stephen R. Dennen. 1876, Walter Barton. Rev. Joseph 
 Cook, who afterwards became noted here and in Europe as a 
 lecturer on ethical subjects, was stated minister for some months 
 preceding the settlement of Mr. Dennen. 
 
 Protestant Episcopal Worship. There was no Protestant 
 Episcopal Church edifice in Lynn, for more than two centuries 
 after the settlement began. It was in i8i9that the first attempt 
 to form a Parish was made ; but nothing permanent was effected. 
 In 1836, Christ Church Parish was organized, and during the 
 following year the modest house of worship on North Common 
 street, between Franklin avenue and Hanover street, was conse- 
 crated. It is a wooden structure, faithfully represented by the 
 engraving appended to this notice. But Christ Church Parish 
 did not long sustain itself In 1844, the now flourishing St. 
 Stephen's Parish was organized, and continued to worship in the 
 old edifice till November, 1881, when the elegant Memorial 
 
26o Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 Church, on South Common street, was consecrated, and immedi- 
 ately occupied. This church, the most costly public building yet 
 erected in Lynn, with the exception of the City Hall, was the 
 gift of Hon. Enoch Redington Mudge, of whom a notice may be 
 found in our Annals, under date 1881 ; and under the same date 
 an account of the consecration services appears. 
 
 FIRST PROTESTANT EPISCOPAI, CHURCH IN LYNN. 
 CONSECRATED IN 1837. 
 
 The following is a complete list of the ministers who served 
 in this first Episcopal Church in Lynn. 1836, Milton Ward. 
 1837, George Waters. 1839, Frederic J. W. Pollard. 1841, 
 William A. White, (Lay Reader.) 1844, George D. Wildes. 
 1846, Isaac W: Hallam. i860, Edward H. True. 1863, George 
 S. Paine. 1865, Gordon M. Bradley. 1868, Benjamin W. Att- 
 well. 1870, Edward L. Drown. 1876, Louis DeCormis. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Proceedings. In connection with the two 
 next preceding Notes, a few remarks may be made, though it 
 can hardly be required to go much into detail, especially in the 
 matter of statistics, for the carefully prepared works that have 
 of late from time to time appeared, give all the necessary infor- 
 mation. Yet this is perhaps as suitable a place as any for an 
 
Miscellaneous JSiotes. 261 
 
 observation or two of a historical nature, designed, so far as tliey 
 go, to supplement those in our former edition. Lynn, as has 
 already appeared, had her share in the ecclesiastical agitations of 
 the olden time ; but she came forth from her trials as bright as any. 
 
 Whoever takes pains to examine the court files, will be satisfied 
 that there always existed an under-tide of free thought which 
 could not be suppressed, however it might be driven to conceal- 
 ment by stormy malediction or by the strong arm of the law. 
 Enough has been said touching the persecutions of the Quakers 
 and Baptists — to say nothing of the antinomian come-outers — 
 for their alleged heresies of opinion ; heresies that were the 
 natural result of the admitted right of individual interpretation 
 of Scripture. " Read your Bible," said the good old father, " and 
 whatsoever doctrine you there find, that follow." " I do, by 
 God's help, honestly and prayerfully," replies the recusant. " O, 
 but you understand and interpret amiss, and cannot be permitted 
 to promulgate your poisonous errors," is the rejoinder. The 
 jurisdictions of church and state were very closely interwoven in 
 the legislative proceedings of our early times ; and hence it has 
 been said, the persecutions for deviation in doctrine were simply 
 punishments by the civil authorities for breaches of positive law. 
 It was, indeed, a time when errors of faith were regarded, all 
 over the Christian world, as offences against the state. The 
 Inquisition itself turned over to the secular authorities subjects 
 for the auto-da-fe. But many of our New England fathers had 
 a more rational conception of human rights, and the true princi- 
 ples of human government, and might reasonably haVe been ex- 
 pected to avoid those grosser fallacies that elsewhere held sway. 
 
 Most of the present shades of belief can easily be traced. 
 And the following instance of the out-cropping of Universalism, 
 that singularly enough seems to have passed on to atheism, 
 which took place as early as 1684, is a case in point, and is found 
 in detail in the county court proceedings : Joseph Gatchell, 
 of Marblehead, " not hauing the feare of God before his eyes, 
 being instigated by the devill, at the house of Jeremiah Gatchell, 
 in discourse ab' generall Salvation (w"^*" he s'^ was his beleife) & 
 that all men should be saved, being answered that our Saviour 
 Christ sent forth his disiples and gave them comission to preach 
 the Gospell, and that whosoever Repents and believes shall be 
 
262 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 saued ; to which Joseph Gatchell Answered if it be so he was 
 an Imperfect saviour and a foole. And this was a yeare agoe 
 and somewhat more, as p' the evidences of Elizabeth Gatchell 
 and since in the moneth of March last past and at other times 
 and places hath uttered seuirall horrid blasphemous speeches 
 saying ther was no God devill or hell as in and by their evidences 
 may appeare, contrary to the peace of our Souiraigne Lord the 
 King his croune and dignity the law of God & of this Jurisdic- 
 tion." 
 
 For his utterances Mr. Gatchell was " sentenced to be returned 
 from this place to the pillory, to have his head and hand put in, 
 have his toung drawn forth out of his mouth and peirct through 
 w* a hott Iron then to be returned to the prison there to 
 Remayne until he sattisfye and pay all y* charges of his tryall 
 and ffees of Court w"^"^ came to seuen pounds." 
 
 The remark is now often heard that the differences between 
 religious denominations are rapidly lessening ; that the old walls 
 of partition are crumbling. There can be no doubt that this is, 
 in general, quite true. We frequently see Baptists, Methodists, 
 Trinitarian and Unitarian Congregationalists, and others, meeting 
 on the same platform, shaking hands, and congratulating each 
 other on their fraternal nearness. This, though it sometimes 
 seems to arise rather from indifference to any religion at all, 
 than from true spirituality, is, at least in a social view, an im- 
 provement on the old, inflexible ways. 
 
 There are at present in Lynn twenty-five religious societies, 
 standing denominationally as follows : 
 
 Methodist, (i African) .... 7 
 
 Baptist 5 
 
 Congregational, (Trinitarian) . . 4 
 
 Koman Catholic, 2 
 
 Universalist, 2 
 
 Protestant Episcopal i 
 
 Congregational, (Unitarian) . . i 
 
 Friends' . . . , I 
 
 Second Advent, i 
 
 Christian, i 
 
 Rev. Samuel Kertland, who, by request of the Provincial 
 Congress, labored with the Indians of the Six Nations, at the 
 opening of the Revolution, to induce them to espouse the Ame- 
 rican cause, and was to a considerable extent successful, espe- 
 cially with the Oneidas, was a direct descendant from Philip 
 Kertland, the first Lynn shoemaker. Kertland street, has the 
 honor of perpetuating the name. 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 263 
 
 Immigration of Rodents. In our Annals, under date i86x, 
 appears some account of the famous Nahant Hotel, a huge 
 structure, which, after an unsuccessful career of some years, as a 
 watering-place hotel, was destroyed by fire on the night of Sep- 
 tember 12, of that year. Romantic stories were long current 
 about the annual emigration of rats from Lynn, to its hospitable 
 precincts. An old resident solemnly affirmed that he had seen 
 troops of the gluttonous animals wending their way over the 
 beaches towards those luxurious quarters on the opening of the 
 season ; asserting, with a positiveness that he seemed to think 
 ought to insure belief, that on one occasion he had seen an old 
 blind rat with a long straw in his mouth, by which some of the 
 younger ones piloted him along. Rats are known to be remark- 
 ably sagacious animals, and of extraordinary acuteness of scent. 
 Some may have been toled up from their hiding places among 
 the rocks ; but travelling over the beaches is quite another thing. 
 The story, however, is not more wonderful than some other 
 stories told of transactions about that celebrated house. 
 
 The oldest portion of this Hotel was built in 1819 ;. and by a 
 marvelous coincidence — perhaps we should say gracious prov- 
 idence — it was hardly finished when the astounding news of the 
 first appearance of the sea-serpent in the offing, took the country 
 by surprise. 
 
 In the first edition [1829] of the History of Lynn appeared a 
 fine engraving of the house as it then stood — picturesque and 
 beautiful — with its airy piazzas and sunny surroundings. And 
 in the 1865 edition there was an engraving of it as it appeared 
 at the time of its destruction, in 1861. The history of this 
 noted establishment furnishes some weighty lessons for enter- 
 prising landlords to ponder over. 
 
 Defense of Boston. At the building of the fort in Boston 
 harbor, in 1 8 13, some eighty-five of the patriotic men of Lynn 
 volunteered to labor on the works, one day. Early in the morn- 
 ing they left town, with drum and fife, rode to Winnesimmet 
 ferry, and were thence taken by boats to the fortification, where 
 they industriously worked during the day, and marched home 
 about nine o'clock in the evening, in jolly trim, as might have 
 been expected from such an expedition. 
 
264 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 Lynn Post-office. The Post-office was established in 1793, 
 the population being then about 2.500 — including Lynnfield, 
 Saugus, Swampscott, and Nahant. Ebenezer Breed, a native 
 of the section now known as West Lynn, and who was at that 
 time a prominent business man in Philadelphia, but who became 
 reduced, and died in our alms-house, on the 23d of December, 
 1839, ^t the age of. 74, was chiefly instrumental in securing its 
 establishment. Previously to that time the Lynn people received 
 their mail matter at Boston. It was ten years before the Turn- 
 pike was opened, and forty-five before the Rail-road was built, 
 Boston street still being the chief avenue of travel and business. 
 A biographical notice of Mr. Breed may be found in the 1865 
 edition of our History. 
 
 Col. James Robinson was the first post-master. He lived in 
 the ancient house, built in or about the year 1700, still standing 
 on Boston street at the south-east corner of North Federal, and 
 kept the office in a small building near the house. A large 
 family of sons and daughters were there born to him, and the 
 writer holds occasional correspondence with descendants of his 
 now dwelling in widely separated and distant parts of the country, 
 where they maintain honorable positions. Like many others 
 who in active manhood did much to advance the interests 
 of Lynn, he died in indigence and comparative obscurity. 
 
 Col. Robinson was succeeded in the office, in 1802, by his 
 brother-in-law, Major Ezra Hitchings, a -biographical notice of 
 whom the reader may find by turning to page 154 of the present 
 volume. He continued the office in its first location, in connec- 
 tion with his West India goods and grocery store, for the few 
 months he held the position. 
 
 In 1803, Samuel MuUiken became post-master. And the 
 Turnpike being opened that year and diverting the travel and 
 business from Boston street, he removed the office to the south 
 end of Federal street, where, and in the vicinity, it remained till 
 the Rail-road was built, at which time it began to move towards 
 its present location on Market street, halting for a brief space 
 on South Common street, corner of Pleasant. Mr. Mulliken was 
 a man of worth, and at one time did a large business in tanning 
 and the morocco line. He possessed some occasionally uncom- 
 fortable gifts, among which wasa notably uncompromising will, 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 265 
 
 which sometimes led to untoward consequences. A whimsical 
 instance is given in our Annals, under date 1847, where a brief 
 notice of him appears. 
 
 The entire line of post-masters is as follows: 1793, James 
 Robinson. 1802, Ezra Hitchings. 1803, Samuel Mulliken. 
 1807, Elijah Downing. 1808, Jonathan Bacheller. 1829, Jere- 
 miah C. Stickney. 1839, Thomas J. Marsh. 1841, Stephen 
 Oliver. 1842, Thomas B. Newhall. 1843, Benjamin Mudge. 
 1849, Abner Austin. 1853, Jeremiah C. Stickney. 1858, Leo- 
 nard B. Usher. 1861, George H. Chase. 1869, John Batchelder. 
 1877, John G. B. Adams. 
 
 Lynn Fire Department. The means supplied for protection 
 against fire have long been the boast of our people. We have 
 hitherto been singularly favored in freedom from such great 
 losses by fire as most places of so extended a history as ours have 
 suffered ; and well may we fervently pray for a continuance 
 of our good fortune. But security will be most certain to result 
 from unrelaxed preparation. 
 
 The Department is now well provided with discreet officers 
 and alert men, trained horses and approved " machines." There 
 are five engines, worked by steam, and a number of chemical 
 extinguishers ; several thousand feet of hose, ladders, hooks, 
 and all other things necessary for an efficient contest with the 
 fiery element. Then we have about the streets 453 4iydrants, 
 19 reservoirs, and numerous wells, to say nothing of our brooks 
 and ponds, Saugus river, and the Atlantic ocean. 
 
 The number of fire alarms during 1881, was 122. And the 
 total loss was ^199.544.50; of which ;jSi6i.877.50 were returned 
 by way of insurance. 
 
 As the city year by year becomes more compact, and taller 
 buildings and those less isolated are erected in the different neigh- 
 borhoods, it is evident that tireless vigilance will be required to 
 preserve our traditional immunity. As to the past, we can only 
 speak favorably ; and there seems no reason to apprehend that 
 in the future we may not have as good a record. There is, 
 indeed, an old insurance maxim, declaring that all " wooden " 
 towns, and all large towns, must sooner or later have a sweep- 
 ing conflagration ; but let no one be disturbed by it, though all 
 
266 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 of us have some tincture of fatalism ; let us rather endeavor to 
 show that there may be at least one exception. 
 
 Our authorities have all along been prompt in adopting such 
 new measures and procuring such new appliances as promised 
 most favorably ; and a policy of that order, in municipal affairs, 
 is, notwithstanding all murmuring and discontent, the most 
 approved and satisfactory, whatever the result. Why, supposing 
 the authorities had refused to procure steamers, or to establish 
 the electric alarm, or furnish hydrants — what would have been 
 the effect, in many conceivable ways ; on insurance rates, for in- 
 stance ; to say nothing of comfort and safety ? Even Boston 
 worked the old hand " machines " till within a few years ; but 
 it was because nothing better was known. Possibly somewhere 
 in the future an invention will be made to supersede the best we 
 now have ; and when it comes, undoubtedly it will be welcomed 
 by all who are most faithful to our municipal interests. 
 
 Lynn Schools. So many allusions have been all along made 
 in our History, in relation to the Schools, their grades and con- 
 dition, that nothing more than a remark or two and a brief 
 summary can now be desirable. The boast that these primary 
 seats of learning, in our day, are far superior to anything known 
 in former years, is often heard. But is it exactly so .'' They 
 are unquestionably superior in costliness, elegance of appoint- 
 ment and variety of studies. But are they superior in adaptation 
 to existing wants .-' 
 
 In former years, such studies were pursued as best prepai'ed 
 the pupil to meet the requirements of the position he was in 
 homely honesty expected to occupy in after life ; not such a 
 position as imaginative parental affection might picture. There 
 is so much knowledge, the possession of which is sure to add to 
 our well-being, that it seems unwise to occupy ourselves in efforts 
 to gain that which is of doubtful utility. It has been said that 
 all knowledge is useful ; but that must be understood in a limited 
 sense ; most certainly all knowledge is not equally useful. No 
 one can learn everything, as life is not long enough for that ; 
 and hence, is it not the part of wisdom to learn as thoroughly as 
 may be,' that which is indispensable, or sure to be most useful .' 
 There is a gray-headed aphorism that speaks of the jack-at-all- 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 267 
 
 trades being good at none ; and why not apply the suggestion 
 to the departments of learning ? 
 
 Our venerated fathers, practical and shrewd, kept these things 
 in view. We their children are more prone to theorise ; more 
 charmed with the ideal ; perhaps a little more under fancy's lead. 
 But it may be asked, Is not the mind more fully developed and 
 strengthened, better disciplined and polished, through these 
 modern requirements — are not more extensive, beautiful, and 
 ennobling avenues of thought opened through such means .'' This 
 is a point for the wisest to discuss. And some philosophical 
 " exploring circle" may yet discover a way out of the difficulties 
 that beset the great educational interest. Every true philanthro- 
 pist will pray for the adoption of any course that will make men 
 better and happier ; for there yet linger in the world vice and 
 misery enough to call for determined warfare with the best 
 weapons we can find. 
 
 The studies in our common schools, are however, apparently 
 to an injudicious extent, prescribed by statute ; and hence to the 
 local supervisors entire freedom of action is not allowed ; but 
 there are so many details to be observed, so much care and 
 oversight to be exercised, that their sphere of duty is large and 
 their labors great. The School Committee is wisely made by 
 law, to a considerable extent, an independent board, a board not 
 to be controlled by the caprices of any other body, whose line 
 of duty may not be expected to embrace special qualifications. 
 
 The full and perspicuous reports made annually by the Com- 
 mittee furnish all the information that can be needed by our 
 fellow-citizens to understand the condition and requirements 
 of the entire educational interest. And a few statistical items 
 only need be added here. It is easier for lookers-on to make 
 suggestions, perhaps very good in themselves, than to show how 
 they can be properly dove-tailed into a system ; but it is yet 
 true that useful suggestions may sometimes come from minds 
 hardly expected to bear ripened fruit. There seems no reason 
 to doubt, that with here and there an exception, those selected 
 to supervise our schools are actuated by a sincere desire faithfully 
 to perform their responsible duties, and endeavor to adopt the 
 best means to accomplish the best ends. 
 
 Number of Schools. The whole number of our Public Schools, 
 
268 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 in 1 88 1, was 64: namely, i High School ; .7 Grammar Schools ; 
 55 Primary Schools ; i Evening Drawing School. 
 
 School Houses : These are in number as follows : for High 
 School, I ; for Grammar Schools, 7; for Primary Schools, 21 ; 
 and there are 7 Primary Schools in Grammar School-houses. 
 
 Teachers. Whole number in day Schools, 118; in evening 
 Drawing School, 3. 
 
 Pupils. Number belonging to all the day Schools, between 
 the ages of 5 and 15 years, 5.516 ; of the age of 15, and upwards, 
 400 ; making the pupils in the day Schools, 5.916. 
 High School Graduates, June i, 1881, 30. 
 Cost of Support. The following extract from the Report of 
 the Committee for 1881, sufficiently exhibits the items of expen- 
 diture : 
 
 The charge upon the city for the maintenance of its system of public schools has 
 been Jf93.677 17, divided into the following items of expenditure : 
 
 Teachers' salaries, ... . #65.823 79 
 
 School-houses and repairs, - 6.042 65 
 
 Apparatus and furniture, - - 2.058 69 
 
 Care of school-houses, - - - - 6.438 78 
 
 Fuel, ' - - 5.030 86 
 
 Books and stationery, - .... 5.452 45 
 
 Printing, - - - - - 1.285 63 • 
 
 Incidentals, - - - - 1-544 32 
 
 Total, - - te-677 i? 
 
 To gain some knowledge of the increase in our school system, 
 the reader can refer to the brief summary on page 586 of our 
 1865 edition. The number of schools at that time was 48; 
 teachers, 59 ; pupils. 4.332. 
 
 Lynn Newspapers. The proximity of Lynn to Boston and 
 Salem, may be sufficient to account for our not having had a 
 local newspaper before the year 1825. And for forty years after 
 that date it can hardly be claimed that we had a permanently 
 successful publication, in a pecuniary way, though there were three 
 or four that by their ability and usefulness well deserved success. 
 But within the last few years a great advance has been made. 
 The papers are now much better, as a general thing, and much 
 cheaper ; and they have greatly improved in the quality of the 
 paper, the printing, and in the mechanical aspect generally ; 
 excepting that just now it is the fashion to make such displays 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 269 
 
 in the advertising columns that some have the appearance of 
 tradesmen's handbills. 
 
 The relative number of readers has increased quite as rapidly 
 as anything connected with the business. At the time Mr. 
 Lummus published the Mirror, four hundred subscribers were 
 thought a goodly number for a country weekly ; and thus it was, 
 with here and there an exception, for many years. Indeed 
 the great bulk of working people thought they could not afford 
 to take a paper ; and it was not difficult after a little experience, 
 for a publisher to know on just what individuals to. call, with any 
 prospect of success, when he set out on his soliciting tours. 
 The writer well remembers a conversation with Mr. Lummus, 
 during which, in his hyperbolical way, he remarked after this sort : 
 Why, I know just who will take a paper ; I can get four hundred 
 subscribers for anything I will print ; but I can't get four hundred 
 and one — without I will accept a Woodender ; and do you sup- 
 pose I would do that .■" His antipathy to the people of Woodend 
 would often crop out in that brusk way. Yet it is doubtful whe- 
 ther the feeling was not rather feigned than real, for some of his 
 best friends and correspondents lived in that section — Mr. 
 Lewis and Enoch Curtin, for instance. But his tart declaration 
 that if certain persons wanted his paper they would have to 
 move out of Woodend to get it, was made while he was actually 
 crossing their names from the carrier's list. 
 
 The papers were then published strictly on the subscription 
 plan, the purchase of single copies being almost unknown. 
 
 We now [1882] have in Lynn two dailies and four weeklies, 
 that circulate their thousands ; and by the ability and industry 
 of their conductors deserve the success they enjoy. In addi- 
 tion to this home supply, thousands of papers from Boston and 
 other places are every day sold, in our streets. The Lynn papers 
 are at this time as follows : 
 
 Daily Evening Item, established in 1 877. 
 
 The Lynn Bee, (daily) established in 1 880. 
 
 The Lynn Reporter, (weekly) established in 1854. 
 
 The Lynn Transcript, (weekly) established in 1867. 
 
 The Lymi City Item, (weekly) established in 1 876. 
 
 The Lynn Union, (weekly) established as The Lynn Record, in 
 1872 — adopting the name of the old Record, of 1830. 
 
270 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 Lynn Hospital. This beneficent institution was incorporated 
 in 1880, and after a thorough examination into the merits of 
 several proposed locations, early in 1882 the Hathorne estate, so 
 called, on Boston street, was purchased as a site for the necessary 
 buildings. It is on the southerly side of the street, a few rods 
 east of Franklin. The brook which runs from Flax Pond flows 
 in front, and in the vicinity rise abrupt woody hills, with here 
 and there a towering porphyry cliff; the whole surrounding 
 being strikingly picturesque. It is in the quarter known from 
 early times as Mansfield's End. Deacon Mansfield's house stood 
 on the hospital grounds ; and there, also, one or two other con- 
 spicuous individuals of the name resided. And being on the 
 principal thoroughfare, some of the most prominent people of the 
 town lived in the vicinity. The old mansion standing at the 
 time the hospital corporation purchased, was long known as the 
 Deacon Farrington house, that dignitary having lived there for 
 some years. Long afterwards it was occupied by Capt. John 
 White, of the United States navy, who, in addition to his fame 
 as a naval commander, gained some reputation as an author. 
 Subsequently it was occupied by Rev. Mr. Barlow, second min- 
 ister of the Unitarian society, and later still by William Hathorne, 
 from whom it took the name of Hathorne house. The estate 
 formerly embraced many acres ; and Washington street was 
 extended over a portion. 
 
 In our Annals, under date 1875, a " Lynn Hospital " is spoken 
 of as having been formally opened on the 31st of March, in the 
 Phillips mansion, on Water Hill. The site was airy and pleasant, 
 and the institution seemed to be doing much good. But the 
 contributions for its support were not sufficient, and its doors 
 were soon closed, much to the regret of worthy but not wealthy 
 friends. 
 
 Several liberal donations in aid of the funds of the present 
 hospital have already been made, the largest of which was by 
 John B. Alley — gio.ooo. John B. Tolman, an old Lynn printer, 
 gave 1^2.500, in respect of his craftship. And numerous other 
 generous contributions have been made, some of hundreds of 
 dollars, and thence down even to a few cents.- Little tin recep- 
 tacles were deposited all about the city, in convenient places, 
 to receive the sanctified mite that even a poor widow might give. 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 271 
 
 Population of Lynn. At this time [1882] the population 
 no doubt is a very little above 40.000. The last numbering 
 related to June i, 1880; and at that time we had 38.284; — 
 males, 18.255 ; females, 20.029. From the first, there has been 
 a steady, but not rapid accession. The first recorded census, 
 [1765] gave the number of inhabitants as 2.198. In 1800, it was 
 2.837. In 1820,4.515. And for each ten years thereafter, the 
 enumeration has stood as follows — Swampscott having been set 
 off in 1852, and Nahant in 1853 : 
 
 Years : : : : 183O 184O I85O 1860 I87O 1880 
 
 Population : : 6. 1 38 9.367 I4.257 I9.083 28.233 38.284 
 
 Streets of Lykn. The number of streets, the present year, 
 [1882] is 509, and the lighting is by 313 gas burners and 253 
 kerosene lamps. The first paved street was Munroe ; and the 
 paving was done during the summer of the year just named, 
 the material being dimension granite blocks. It has hitherto 
 been an expensive and laborious charge to keep our streets in 
 a proper condition, for they are extensive and not in all cases laid 
 upon the best bottoms. But yet they have been kept in remark- 
 ably good repair, for we have had at hand a supply of serviceable 
 material. Our many beautiful drives have long been a source 
 of boasting for ourselves and of pleasure for visitors. When 
 however, a place has attained a population of forty thousands, 
 something more than crushed stone and gravel is needed on the 
 constantly used avenues. 
 
 Police Business — Police Court. The number of arrests for 
 criminal offences, in 1881, was 1.289; among them, for drunken- 
 ness, 771 ; assault and battery, 156; larceny, 89; truancy, 30 ; 
 profanity, 27 ; vagrancy, 2 1 ; breaking and entering, 20 ; stubborn- 
 ness, 16; malicious mischief, 13; violation of liquor law, 12; 
 and one or more for almost every other offence known in the 
 catalogue of crime. A large portion of the persons arrested 
 were examined in the Police Court. 
 
 Down to 1849, all justices of the peace here, had authority to 
 try minor cases, civil or criminal. But population having then 
 become considerable, it was thought best to have some more 
 
272 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 centralized and regular jurisdiction. In pursuance of this view 
 the writer headed a petition to the town asking their intercession 
 with the legislature for the establishment of a Police Court. The 
 matter was favorably acted on, and the Court went into operation 
 during that yean It was made a court of record, in 1862. And 
 before it are tried the " small cawses," as they were called in 
 colonial times, civil and criminal. It has a Standing Justice, 
 two Special Justices, and a Clerk. See Annals, 1879. 
 
 Children's Home. In 1881 a two-story wooden building 
 was erected on Tower Hill, and called by the above name — the 
 purpose being to provide suitable nurture and education for 
 exposed young children, to save them from the stigma of work- 
 house life and from the sometimes worse consequences of vicious 
 and degraded homes. The house occupies one of the most 
 healthy and beautiful sites in all Lynn — airy, and commanding 
 charming views. This unpretending institution can hardly fail 
 to do a meritorious work, and may be the means not only 
 of saving many from lives of degradation and misery, but of 
 developing characters that will in a ten-fold degree repay all the 
 cost and care that the benevolent enterprise will involve. At 
 the opening of the Home, in 1882, some twenty-five children 
 were received from the alms-house. 
 
 Statistical Items. As elsewhere remarked, it can hardly 
 be necessary to occupy much space with statistical details, as 
 the information that is given year by year in our Annals, supplies 
 all that will in most cases be desirable. And then, as to the 
 management of our municipal affairs : the annual reports from 
 the various departments are so full and so accessible, that nothing 
 beyond here and there a brief summary can now be needed. Yet, 
 in a work of this kind, which in years hence may be looked to for 
 information of almost every kind there is scarcely any topic that 
 should be passed by in entire silence: The few items that follow 
 relate to the year 1881, excepting where otherwise stated. 
 
 Valuation and Taxation. The total valuation of the city was 
 ^24.992.084, viz: Real Estate, 1^19.036.008; Personal Estate, 
 ^5.956.076. Rateoftaxation, ^i7.40on ^i.ooo. [In 1882 the valu- 
 ation was a little lower, and the rate of taxation ^21.00 on ^i.ooo.J 
 
Miscellaneous Notes. 273 
 
 City Debt. Whole debt, ^2.208.000.00 ; but by certain assets, 
 usual in municipal reckoning, the net amount of the debt was 
 ;?5i.646.633.94. 
 
 Appropriations and Expenditures. Whole amount of appropri- 
 ations, including certain receipts, ;^7o6.59i.i5. Expenditures, 
 ^686. 5; 1. 45. 
 
 New Buildings. Two hundred and sixty-five buildings were 
 erected during the year — 253 of wood, 11 of brick, and one 
 of stone. 153 were dwellings. That the frequent removal 
 of buildings, for which Lynn has been long noted, is a custom 
 still in practice, is shown by the fact that during the year sixty- 
 two were started on their travels. 
 
 Number of Polls — 10.990. [In 1882, 11.465.] 
 
 The number of Houses in Lynn, in 1882, was 6.309. The 
 number oi Horses, 1.962. The number of Cows, 438. 
 
 Free Public Library. There is, and always has been, a steady 
 accession to the number of volumes in this institution, from 
 month to month, and, it is believed, a corresponding increase in 
 its usefulness. The number of volumes at the close of 1881 was 
 30.500 — a very satisfactory growth from the 4000 of 1862. 
 Number delivered during the year, 95.927. The largest number 
 taken out in one day was on Saturday, March 5, when 972 were, 
 delivered. 
 
 Pine Grove Cemetery. The number of interments in: this 
 beautiful burial place, during the year, was 418, which was a 
 little more than half of the whole number who died, the other 
 burial places receiving the remains of the others. The first inter- 
 ment in this cemetery was on Sunday, October 13, 1850, when 
 the remains of Harriet Newell, wife of George W. Stocker, were 
 laid there. And the whole number of burials there has now 
 reached 7.801. 
 
 Vital Statistics. There were 799 deaths in Lynn, during 
 1881, of which 153 were by consumption, 59 by pneumonia, 50 
 by diphtheria, 39 by cholera infantum, 24 by typhoid fever, and 
 6 by scarlet fever. Two hundred and seventy-two of the deceased 
 were under the age of five years. 
 
 Marriages. The number of marriages during 1881, was 513. 
 
 Banks — of discount and circulation, 4, with an aggregate 
 capital of ;^ 1. 000.000. Savings banks, 2. 
 
 t8 
 
274 Miscellaneous Notes. 
 
 City Clerks. In our 1865 edition may be found a list 
 of Clerks of the Writs and Town Clerks, extending back to the 
 earliest days. It is unnecessary to repeat the list here. But it 
 may be convenient for the reader to have by him the names 
 of the City Clerks, in the order in which they served. And hav- 
 ing at hand engraved fac-similes of their autographs it may not 
 be amiss to use them, as they will not require much space, 
 although one or two appear in other connections in the present 
 volume. 
 
 C^^/^e. 
 
 William Bassett — Served in 1850, '51 and '52. 
 
 Charles Merritt — Served in 1853, '54, '56, '57 and '58. 
 JOHOl Batchelder — Served in 1855. 
 
 Ephraim a. Ingalls — Served in 1859 and '60. 
 Benjamin H. Jones — Served from i86i to 1875, both inclusive. 
 
 ^^S^- ^. r^. 
 
 Charles E. Parsons — Elected in 1876, and yet [1882] in office. 
 
 It need not be remarked that the Clerks are elected annually 
 by the City Council. And the neatness and accuracy of the 
 multifarious records are the best evidence that thus far no 
 mistake in the choice has occurred. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 A GOOD Chronological Table is, of itself, a succinct history. 
 And the following is inserted without hesitation, on account 
 of its unquestionable usefulness, though it was prepared by the 
 writer for the Centennial Memorial, in which and in the book 
 giving an account of the proceedings on the celebration of our 
 Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary, it substantially appeared. 
 Additions, however, have been made, and occurrences down to 
 1882, noted. 
 
 1629. Five families, chief among them Edmund Ingalls and his brother Francis, 
 
 arrive and commence the settlement. 
 
 1630. Thomas Newhall born — the first person of European parentage born here. 
 Wolves kill several swine belonging to the settlers, September 30. 
 
 Fifty settlers, chiefly farmers, and many of them with families, arrive and 
 locate in different parts of the territory. 
 
 1631. Governor Winthrop passed through the settlement, October 28, and noted 
 
 that the crops were plentiful. 
 
 1632. First Church — fifth in the colony — formed; Stephen Bachelor, minister. 
 
 1633. A corn mill, the first in the settlement, built on Strawberry brook. 
 
 1634. John Humfrey arrives and settles near Nahant street. 
 
 The settlement sends her first Representative — Capt. Nathaniel Turner — to 
 
 the General Court. 
 William Wood, one of the first comers, publishes " New Englands Prospeft.' 
 
 1635. Philip Kertland, the first shoemaker, arrives. 
 
 1637. Name of the settlement changed from Saugus to Lynn. 
 
 At this time there were thirty-seven plows in the colony, most of them in Lynn. 
 Settlement of Sandwich commenced by emigrants from Lynn. 
 
 1638. Firstdivision of lands among the inhabitants. 
 
 1639. Ferry established across Saugus river. 
 
 First bridge over Saugus river at Boston street crossing built. 
 
 1643. Iron works established near Saugus river ; the first in America. 
 
 1644. Hugh Bert and Samuel Bennett, of Lynn, presented to the grand jury as 
 
 " common sleepers in time of exercise." Both were convicted and fined. 
 1646. Lynn made a market town — Tuesday, the lecture day, being market day. 
 1658. Dungeon rock alleged to have been rent by an earthquake, entombing alive 
 
 Thomas Veali the pirate, with treasure. 
 (27s) 
 
2/6 Chronological Table. 
 
 1666. A year of disasters. Several die of small pox. " Divers are slain by light- 
 ning." Grasshoppers and caterpillars do much mischief. 
 
 1669. Boniface Burton dies, aged 113 years. 
 
 1671. A year remarkable for storms. A violent snow storm, Jan. 18, with much 
 thunder and lightning. 
 
 1680. Dr. Philip Read, the first physician here, complains to the Court of Mrs. 
 Margaret Gifford, as a witch. 
 The great Newtonian comet appears in November, exciting much alarm. 
 
 i68i. The Court allows Lynn to have two licensed public houses. 
 
 1682. Old Tunnel Meeting-house built. 
 
 1686. Indian deed of Lynn given, September 4, 
 
 1687. Thomas Newhall, the first white person born here, dies, in March, aged 57. 
 
 1688. Excitement about Edward Randolph's petition for a grant of all Nahant 
 1692. Great witchcraft excitement. 
 
 1694. A church fast appointed by Rev. Mr. Shepard, July 19, for the arrest of the 
 " spiritual plague " of Quakerism. 
 
 1696. Severe winter ; coldest since the settlement commenced ; much sufiering. 
 
 1697, Great alarm on account of small pox. 
 
 1706. Second division of lands among the inhabitants. 
 
 1 708. A public fast held on account of the ravages of caterpillars and canker worms. 
 
 1716. Extraordinary darkness at noonday, Oct. 21 ; dinner tables lighted. 
 
 1717. Memorable snow storms, Feb. 20 and 24; one-story houses buried. 
 1719. Northern lights observed for the first time, Dec. 17 ; an alarming display. 
 1723. Terrific storm, Feb. 24. The sea came in raging and roaring fearfully. 
 
 First mill on Saugus river, at Boston street crossing, built. 
 1726. ^£'13.15 awarded to Nathaniel Potter, for linen manufactured in Lynn. 
 1745. Rev. Mr. Whitefield preaches on Lynn Common, creating much excitement 
 
 1749. Great drought, hot summer, and immense multitudes of grasshoppers. 
 
 1750. John Adam Dagyr, an accomplished shoemaker, arrives. 
 
 1755. Greatest earthquake ever known in New England, occurs Nov. 18. 
 
 A whale, seventy-five feet in length, landed on King's Beach, Dec. 9. 
 
 1759. A bear, weighing 400 pounds, killed in Lynn woods. 
 
 1768. A catamount killed in Lynn woods, by Joseph Williams. 
 
 1770. Potato rot prevails, and canker worms commit great ravages. 
 
 1775, Battle of Lexington, April 19 — five Lynn men killed. 
 
 1776. Twenty-six negro slaves owned in Lynn. 
 
 1780. Memorable dark day. May 19 ; houses lighted as at night. 
 
 1 782. Whole number of votes given in Lynn, for governor, 57; all but 5 for Hancock. 
 
 1784. Gen. Lafayette' passed through Lynn, Oct. 28, receiving enthusiastic plaudits. 
 
 1788. Gen. Washington passed through town, in October, and was affectionately 
 greeted by old and young. 
 
 1793. Lynn post-ofiice established, and first kept on Boston street, near Federal. 
 
 1794. On Christmas day, at noon, in the open air, the thermometer stood at 80 deg. 
 
 1795. Brig Peggy wrecked on Long Beach, Dec 9, and eleven lives lost. 
 
 1796. The first fire engine for public use purchased. 
 
 1800. Memory of Washington honored ; procession and eulogy, January 13. 
 
 An elephant first exhibited in Lynn. First dancing school opened. 
 
 Manufacture of morocco introduced. 
 1803. Boston and Salem Turnpike opened, and Lynn Hotel built. 
 
 A snow storm occurred in May, the fruit trees being then in bloom. 
 
 Miles Shorey and his wife killed by lightning, July 10. 
 
Chronological Table. 277 
 
 1804. Independence day first celebrated in Lynn. Snow fell in July. 
 
 1805. First Masonic Lodge — Mount Carmel — constituted June lo. 
 1808. First law office in Lynn, opened by Benjamin Merrill. 
 
 Great bull fight at Half Way House. Bulls and bull dogs engaged. 
 
 Lynn Artillery chartered, November i8, and allowed two brass field pieces. 
 
 Trapping Lobsters first practised at Swampscott. 
 
 1812. Lynn Light Infantry chartered, June 30. 
 
 1813. Moll Pitcher, the celebrated fortune-teller, dies, April 9, aged 75. 
 
 1814. Lynnfield incorporated as a separate town. 
 First Town House built. 
 
 First Bank established. 
 
 1815. Saugus incorporated as a separate town. 
 
 Terrific southeasterly gale, Sept. 23 ; ocean spray driven several miles inland j 
 fruit on the trees impregnated with salt. 
 
 1816. Great horse trot on the Turnpike, in Lynn, Sept. i ; said to be the first in 
 
 New England. Major Stackpole's " Old Blue " trotted three miles in 
 eight minutes and forty-two seconds. 
 
 1817. President Munroe passed through town. 
 
 1819. The great sea-serpent appears off Long Beach. Nahant Hotel built. Alms- 
 house at Tower Hill built. 
 
 1824. Gen. Lafayette visits Lynn, Aug. 31, and is enthusiastically welcomed. 
 
 1825. First Lynn newspaper — the Weekly Mirror — issued September 3. 
 
 1826. First Savings Bank incorporated. 
 
 1827. Broad and brilliant night arch, Aug. 28. 
 
 1828. A whale, sixty feet long, cast ashore on Whale Beach, May 2. 
 
 1829. Splendid display of frosted trees, Jan. 10. 
 
 1830. Donald McDonald, a Scotchman, dies in Lynn alms-house, Oct. 4, aged 108. 
 
 He was at the battle of Quebec when Wolfe fell, and at Braddock's defeat. 
 
 1832. First Lynn Directory published by Charles F. Lummus. 
 
 1833. Extraordinary shower of meteors, Nov. 13. 
 
 1837. Surplus United States revenue distributed. Lynn received $14,879, and 
 
 applied it to the payment of the town debt Saugus received $3,500, and 
 appropriated it to the building of a Town Hall. Lynnfield received 
 $1,328 29, and applied it to the town debt. 
 
 1838. Eastern Rail-road opened for travel from Boston to Salem, Aug. 28. 
 
 1841. The first picture by the new art known as Daguerreotype, or Photography, 
 ever taken in Lynn, was a landscape, taken this year, by James R. Newhall, 
 by apparatus imported from France. 
 1843. A splended comet ; first appeared about noonday, Feb. i. 
 
 Schooner Thomas wrecked on Long Beach, March 17, five men perishing. 
 Breed's Pond formed. Theophilus N. Breed built a dam across the valley, on 
 the northeast of Oak street, flowing some fifty acres, thus forming the 
 pond and securing water power for his iron works. 
 
 1846. Mexican war commenced. Lynn furnished twenty volunteers. 
 Congress boots began to be manufactured. 
 
 Destructive fire on Water Hill, Aug. 9. Large brick silk-printing establish- 
 ment, spice and coffee mill, and two or three smaller buildings destroyed. 
 
 1847. President Polk made a short visit to Lynn, July 5. 
 
 1848. Carriage road over harbor side of Long Beach built 
 Lynn Common fenced. 
 
 George Gray, the hermit, dies, Feb. 28, aged 78. 
 
278 Chronological Table. 
 
 1849. Lynn Police Court established. 
 Large emigration to California. 
 
 1850. Lynn adopts the city form of government. 
 Pine Grove Cemetery consecrated, July 24. 
 
 Thirteen persons of a pic-nic party from Lynn, drowned in Lynnfield Pond, 
 
 August 15. 
 Ten hour system — that is, ten hours to constitute a day's work — generally 
 
 adopted. Previously the time was indefinite. Bells were rung at 6 p. m. 
 
 1851. On March 18, and April 15, the tide, during violent storms, swept entirely 
 
 over Long Beach. 
 Hiram Marble commences the excavation of Dungeon Rock. 
 
 1852. Swampscott incorporated as a separate town. 
 
 Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian exile, is enthusiastically received here, May 6. 
 
 Henry Clay's death noticed ; flags raised at half-mast and bells tolled, July 3. 
 
 Funeral services in memory of Daniel Webster, in First Congregational 
 
 meeting-house, Oct. 29, the day of the statesman's burial at Marshfield. 
 
 1853. Nahant incorporated as a separate town, March 29. 
 Prize fight on Lynnfield road, Jan 3 ; parties arrested. 
 Illuminating gas first lighted in Lynn, Jan. 13. 
 
 Cars commence running over Saugus Branch Rail-road, Feb. I. 
 
 1855. City Charter so amended as to have the municipal year commence on the 
 
 first Monday of January instead of the first Monday of April. 
 
 1856. Two bald eagles appear on the ice in Lynn harbor, Jan. 17. 
 
 Ezra R. Tebbetts, of Lynn, killed by a snow-slide from a house in Bromfield 
 
 street, Boston, Feb. 12. 
 Egg Rock light shown for the first time, Sept. 15. 
 
 1857. Bark Tedesco wrecked at Swampscott, all on board, twelve in number, perish- 
 
 ing, Jan. 18. 
 Many small pearls found in muscles at Floating Bridge and Flax ponds. 
 Trawl fishing began to be practised this year. 
 
 1858. Telegraphic communication between Lynn and other places established. 
 Impromptu Atlantic cable celebration, Aug. 17, on the arrival of Queen Vic- 
 toria's message to President Buchanan. 
 
 Blue fish appear in the offing, in large numbers, in early autumn, and are 
 supposed to have carried on a successful war against the menhaden, as 
 bushels of the latter were picked up dead on the shore. 
 
 Magnificent comet, Donati's, visible in the north-west, in the autumn. 
 
 Catholic Cemetery, St. Mary's, consecrated, Nov. 4. 
 
 1859. British bark Vernon, from Messina, driven ashore on Long Beach, Feb. 2. 
 
 crew saved by life-boat. 
 
 Roman Catholic church, St. Mary's, Ash street, burned. May 28. 
 
 Brilliant display of northern lights ; whole heavens covered, Aug. 28. 
 
 Union street Methodist meeting-house destroyed by fire, Nov. 20. 
 
 Church bells tolled at sunrise, noon and sunset, Dec. 2, in observance of the 
 execution of John Brown, at Charlestown, Va. 
 i860. Harbor so frozen in January, that persons walked across to Bass Point. 
 
 Shoemakers' great strike commenced in February. 
 
 Prince of Wales passed through Lynn, Oct. 20. 
 
 First horse rail-road cars commence running, Nov. 29. 
 
 Market street first lighted by gas, Dec. 7. 
 1861. Alonzo Lewis, historian and poet, dies, Jan. 21, aged 66. 
 
Chronological Table. 279 
 
 1861. A splendid comet suddenly appears, July 2, the tail having actually swept the 
 
 earth, three days before, producing no disturbance, and oiJy a slight 
 
 apparently auroral light in the atmosphere. 
 The extensive edifice known as Nahant Hotel, destroyed by fire, Sept. 12. 
 Lynn Light Infantry and Lynn City Ouards, two full companies, start for the 
 
 seat of the Southern Rebellion, April 16, only four days after the attack 
 
 on Fort Sumter, and but five hours after the arrival of President Lincoln's 
 
 call for troops. 
 
 1862. Lynn Free Public Library opened. 
 
 Enthusiastic war meeting on the Common, on Sunday, Aug. 31 ; church 
 
 services omitted. 
 Soldiers' Burial Lot, in Pine Grove Cemetery, laid out. 
 Nathan Breed, jr., murdered in his store. Summer street, Dec. 23. 
 
 1863. Extraordinary ravages of caterpillars and canker worms. 
 
 1864. The thermometer rose to 104 degrees in shady places, in Lynn, June 25 ; 
 
 indicating the warmest day, here, of which there had been any record. 
 Free delivery of post-ofiice matter begins. 
 
 Great drought and extensive fires in the woods, during the summer. 
 First steam fire engine owned by the city, arrives, Aug. II. 
 The Town House burned, Oct. 6, and Joseph Bond, confined in the lockup, 
 
 burned to death. 
 Schooner Lion, from Rockland, Me., wrecked on Long Beach, Dec. 10, and 
 
 all on board, six in number, perish. Their cries were heard above the 
 
 roaring of the wind and sea, but they could not be rescued. 
 
 1865. News of the fall of Richmond received, April 3. Great rejoicing — church 
 
 bells rung, buildings illuminated, bonfires kindled. 
 News of the assassination of President Lincoln received, April 15. Mourning 
 
 insignia displayed in public buildings and churches. 
 Corner stone of City Hall laid, Nov. 28. 
 
 1866. Gen. Sherman passes through Lynn, July 16, and is cordially greeted. 
 A meteoric .stone falls in Ocean street, in September. 
 
 1867. Terrific snow storm, Jan. 17. 
 City Hall dedicated, Nov. 30. 
 
 1868. Memorial Day — called also Decoration Day — observed, May 30. Soldiers' 
 
 graves strewed with flowers. [In 1881 the day was made a legal holiday.] 
 Hiram Marble, excavator of Dungeon Rock, dies, Nov. 10, aged 65, having 
 pursued his arduous and fruitless labors about 1 7 years. [His son Edwin 
 succeeded him in the work and died at the Rock, Jan. 16, 1880, aged 48, 
 without having reached the supposed deposit of gold and jewels.] 
 Destructive fire on Market street, Dec. 25. Lyceum Building, Frazier's and 
 Bubier's brick blocks destroyed. Whole loss about $300,000. 
 
 1869. Mary J. Hood, a colored woman, dies Jan. 8, aged 104 years and 7 months. 
 Another destructive fire on the night of Jan. 25, commencing in the brick 
 
 shoe manufactory of Edwin H. Johnson, in Munroe street, and destroying 
 
 property to the amount of some $170,000. 
 On the evening of April 15, there was a magnificent display of beautifully 
 
 tinted aurora borealis, during which a meteor of great brilliancy shot 
 
 across the eastern sky. 
 Severe gale on Wednesday afternoon, Sept. 8 ; next in violence to that of Sept. 
 
 23, 1815. Several small buildings destroyed, and a multitude of trees 
 
 uprooted. More than 400 shade trees prostrated in Lynn. 
 
28o Chronological Table. 
 
 1869. The old Turnpike from Salem to Boston becomes a public highway this year. 
 Sidney B. Pratt dies, Jan. 29, aged 54, leaving by will ;iSio.ooo for the benefit 
 
 of the Free Public Library. 
 
 1870. Young Men's Christian Association incorporated, March 31. 
 First regatta of Lynn Yacht Club, June 17. 
 
 Land near Central rail-road station sold at $5 per square foot ; the highest 
 rate known in Lynn up to this time. 
 
 1871. Rev. Joseph Cook, at the time minister of the First Church, gives a series 
 
 of Sunday evening lectures, in Music Hall, early this year, creating con- 
 siderable excitement by his rather sensational denunciations. [He after- 
 wards became famous in this country, in Europe, and in other parts of the 
 world, by his ethical discourses.] 
 
 Terrible rail-road disaster at Revere, Aug. 26 ; eleven Lynn persons killed. 
 Whole number of lives lost, 33 ; number of wounded, about 60. 
 
 Electric Gre alarm established. 
 
 President Grant passed through Lynn, Oct. 16. 
 
 WiUiam Vennar, alias Brown, murders Mrs. Jones, is pursued, and in his 
 further desperate attempts is shot dead, Dec. 16. 
 
 1872. City Hall bell raised to its position in the tower, March 2. 
 
 Meeting of the City Council commemorative of the recent death of Professor 
 Morse, inventor of the electric telegraph, April 16. 
 
 S. O. Breed's box factory, at the south end of Commercial street, struck by 
 lightning and consumed, Aug. 13. [The summer of this year was remark- 
 able for the frequency and severity of its thunder storms.] 
 
 Brick house of worship of First Church, South Common street, dedicated 
 Aug. 29. 
 
 Ingalls and Cobbet school houses dedicated. 
 
 Odd Fellows' Hall, Market street, dedicated, Oct. 7. 
 
 Brick and iron station of Eastern Rail-road, Central square, built. 
 
 Singular disease, called epizootic, prevailed among horses during the latter 
 part of the autumn. Wheel carriages almost entirely ceased to run, 
 excepting as drawn by oxen, dogs, or goats, and sometimes by men. 
 
 Much speculation in real estate ; prices high, and business active. 
 
 Pine Hill Reservoir built. 
 
 1873. Pumping engine at Public Water Works, Walnut street, first put in operation 
 
 Jan. 14. 
 English sparrows make their appearance in Lynn — no doubt the progeny 
 
 of those imported into Boston. [Soon declared a nuisance.] 
 Soldiers' Monument, Park square, dedicated Sept. 17. 
 Grand Masonic parade, Oct. 22. 
 Friends' Biennial Conference held here, Nov. 19. 
 Birch Pond formed, by running a dam across Birch Brook valley, on the east 
 
 of Walnut street, near Saugus line. 
 
 1874. " Lynn Home for Aged Women " incorporated, Feb. 6. 
 
 Grand celebration of St. Patrick's day, in Lynn, March 17, by the Irish organ- 
 izations of Essex county. 
 
 1875. Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Rail-road opened for travel, July 22. 
 Sea-serpent alleged to have been seen off Egg Rock, in August. 
 The General Convention of Universalists meet in Lynn, Oct. 20. 
 
 Great depression in business affairs succeed the days of unhealthy prosperity. 
 Many tradesmen and merchants fail, and real estate falls greatly in price. 
 
Chronological Table. 281 
 
 1875. An unusual number of Tramps — that is, homeless wanderers from place to 
 
 place — appear in Lynn, and receive temporary relief. 
 
 1876. The great World's Exposition, at Philadelphia, marking the centennial year 
 
 of the Republic. Lynn makes a good show of her manufactures, and a 
 large number of her people attend the exhibition. 
 
 A fire occurred in Market .street, July 26 destroying some jS 10.000 worth 
 of property. 
 
 The destructive Colarado beetle, or potato bug, first appears in Lynn, this year. 
 
 Appropriate observance of the centennial year, July 4. " Centennial Memo- 
 rial" published. 
 
 Brick engine house. Federal street, built. 
 
 Benjamin F. Doak dies, Nov. 8, aged 50 years, bequeathing Jio.ooo for the 
 poor of the city. [This legacy is now known as the " Doak Fund."] 
 
 A splendid meteor passed over the city on the evening of Dec' 20. 
 
 1877. Sweetser's four story brick building. Central avenue, with an adjacent building, 
 
 burned, April 7 ; loss about $115,000. 
 Extraordinary phosphorescent glow along the shores, in September. 
 
 1878. Successful balloon ascension, July 4, Alderman Aza A. Breed, City Marshal 
 
 Fry, and Mr. Fred Smith, journalist, accompanying the jeronaut. 
 Dermis Kearney, radical agitator and California "sand lot orator," addresses 
 
 a large crowd on the Common, on the evening of Aug. 12. 
 Brick fire engine house. Broad street, built. 
 Higher temperature in Lynn and vicinity, at midnight, Dec. 2, than in any 
 
 other part of the United States — six degrees higher than in New Orleans, 
 
 I^a., seven higher than in Savannah, Geo., nine higher than in Charleston, 
 
 S. C, and ten higher than in Jacksonville, Florida. 
 Gold held at par, Dec. 17, for the first time in sixteen years ; that is $100 in 
 
 gold were worth just $100 in greenback government notes. The extreme 
 
 of variation was in July, 1864, when jfioo in gold were worth $285 in notes. 
 
 1879. The brick house of worship of the First Methodist Society, Park square, 
 
 dedicated, Feb. 27. 
 The newly-invented telephone, comes into use in Lynn, this year. 
 Two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Lynn, celebrated, 
 
 June 17. [A volume embracing a full account of the proceedings was 
 
 published by order of the City Council.] 
 Business begins to become decidedly active after seven years of depression. 
 John A. Jackson, designer of the Soldiers' Monument, Park square, died in 
 
 Florence, Italy, in August, aged 54. 
 St Joseph's Cemetery (Catholic) consecrated, Oct. 16. 
 Extraordinary occurrence of a perfectly clear sky, all over the United States, 
 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific, Nov. 4, as reported by the United States 
 
 Signal Corps. 
 
 1880. Hawkes family gathering, July 28 and 29. 
 
 Tubular Wells, Boston street, sunk by the city authorities to gain additional 
 water supply ; first pumpijjg from them, Sept. 4. 
 
 The notorious " Morey Letter " appears in the autumn, creating much sen- 
 sation throughout the country. 
 
 Beautifiil mirage in the bay, Nov. 22. 
 
 1881. Yourig Men's Christian Association Building, Market street, dedicated, Jan. 1 7. 
 Government weather signals, on High Rock, first shown, Feb. 23. 
 
 Lynn Hospital incorporated. - 
 
282 Chronological Table. 
 
 1881. The "yellow day," so called, occurred Sept. 6. 
 Beautiful celestial phenomena, Sept. 12. 
 President Garfield's death announced by the tolling of the church bells at 
 
 midnight, Sept. 19. Memorial services held, Sept. 26. 
 Free Public Forest Association, or Exploring Circle, formed. 
 Hon. Enoch Redington Mudge, donor of St. Stephen's Memorial Church, 
 
 dies, Oct. 1. 
 St. Stephen's Memorial Church consecrated, Nov. 2. 
 
 [As our chapter of Annals closes with 1881, and it seems desirable to take some 
 notice of events down as near as possible to the time of publication, the following 
 additions are inserted.] 
 
 1882. 
 
 The winter of 1881 and '82 was rather remarkable for the quantity of snow, and 
 the long time the earth remained covered. A storm began on the afternoon of Jan- 
 uary 31, during which some eighteen inches fell. And on the next Sunday, Feb. 5, a 
 snow storm occurred that was not for many years before exceeded in violence. The 
 drifts in some places were for a time insurmountable ; and services at several of the ■ 
 principal churches were omitted. 
 
 On the night of Feb. 15, a building on Munroe street, owned by Charles G. Clark, 
 together with one or two others, was burned, causing a loss of some $20,000. 
 
 The Grand Army Coliseum, on Summer street, was dedicated March 15, with 
 appropriate ceremonies. Its seating capacity is much greater than- any other place 
 of assembly hitherto erected here. 
 
 On the morning of the 15th of March, just before the time for workmen to assem- 
 ble, a terrific steam boiler explosion took place in the rear of the Goodwin last factory, 
 in Spring street. The engineer was killed, and several others badly wounded. One 
 or two adjacent buildings were much damaged, and a piece of the boiler, weighing 
 about 1.500 pounds, was thrown two hundred feet up into the air, and fell in Newhall 
 street, seven hundred feet distant. 
 
 A fire occurred on the morning of April 22, at Houghton, Godfrey and Dean's 
 paper warehouse, Central avenue, destroying property to the amount of 183.000. 
 
 Electric lights made their appearance here, in the spring. 
 
 At midnight, May 12, according to the weather reports, the thermometer,, in Lynn 
 and vicinity, reached a lower degree than in any other part of the United States; yet 
 it was not so low as to be particularly noticeable. 
 
 Memorial Day, May 30, was observed as usual ; address by Comrade James M. 
 Tanner, of Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Glen Lewis was consecrated. May 30. 
 
 Barnum's " greatest show on earth," visited Lynn, July 22. Some half a score 
 of elephants appeared in the street parade. The giant elephant Jumbo and the nursing 
 baby elephant were both members of the caravan. Some 25.000 persons attended the 
 exhibition, and the amount of money received for admission, reached nearly ;Jii.ooo. 
 The show consisted of a large collection of animals, equestrian, acrobatic, and other 
 circus and semi-dramatic performances. It was, no doubt, the grandest and most 
 costly show ever in Lynn. 
 
 An explosion of a part of the underground equipment of the Citizens' Steam Heat- 
 ing Company, at the corner of Washington and Munroe streets, took place, July 27, 
 injuring the street somewhat, and throwing up stones and gravel to the danger 
 
Chronological Table. 
 
 283 
 
 and fright of persons in the vicinity. And subsequently other explosions took place 
 inducing an appeal to the city authorities for protection. 
 
 Nickerson's oil clothing factory, in Swampscott, was burned, August 4. Miss 
 Emma Stone, employed in the establishment, lost her life, and the loss of property 
 amounted to about jSg.coc. 
 
 An extraordinary drought prevailed during the latter part of the summer. Most 
 of the crops about Lynn were absolutely ruined, the unripe fruit dropped from the 
 trees, and much of the shrubbery and many of the trees had the appearance of having 
 been exposed to fire blasts. Yet the springs and wells did not indicate any very 
 marked deficiency of moisture somewhat below the surface. We had an uncom- 
 monly long succession of very warm days, with westerly winds and clear skies. And 
 the peculiar effect on vegetation was, no doubt, attributable rather to the burning sun 
 than the lack of moisture. The spring was backward by full two weeks, and the 
 weather was on the whole anomalous, most of the year. 
 
 The Ocean House, in Swampscott, a summer hotel of considerable note, was 
 destroyed by fire, on the evening of September 6. It was a large wooden building, 
 six stories in front and five in the rear. The loss was about )f6s.ooo. 
 
 In October, the fare to or from Boston was reduced to five cents on all the trains 
 of the Narrow-gauge Rail-road, and on a part of those of the Eastern. 
 
 Mayor Lovering was, on the 7th of November, elected a member of the U. S. 
 Congress — the second Lynn man ever chosen for that honorable position. 
 
 The morning sky for several weeks in October and November was adorned by a 
 splendid comet which rose two or three hours before the sun, in the south-east. A 
 very good representation of it, as seen from High Rock is here 'given. The steeple 
 of the Central church, in Silsbee street, is seen on the right of the picture, and 
 Phillips's Point, Swampscott, on the left. Astronomers had wonderful stories to tell 
 of this comet — its inconceivable speed 'and partial disruption as if by some collision. 
 
 COMET OF 1882, 
 As seen from High Rock, Lynn. 
 
284 
 
 Tables. 
 
 The foregoing Chronological Table, as elsewhere remarked, 
 it is thought will be sufficient for a glimpse at our whole history ; 
 and in the present volume nothing niore than a mere glance 
 at the times anterior to the point at which the 1865 edition 
 record closes, could be expected or desired, at least by those 
 possessed of a copy of that issue. 
 
 Near the close of that volume are various tables, among which 
 are : lists of the surnames of all residents of Lynn from 1629 to 
 17CX) — of Assistants and Counsellors — of early Representa- 
 tives — of members of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery — 
 of soldiers of the Revolution — of members of important Conven- 
 tions — of Senators — of Newspapers and Editors — of the suc- 
 cessions of Ministers of the various religious societies, &c. 
 These, for the most part, are of course omitted here, as the great 
 accumulation of names would have required space that could 
 perhaps be filled with more interesting matter, inasmuch as 
 they can be readily found elsewhere. A few, however, of those 
 most commonly useful for reference, will be found in their proper 
 connections in these pages ; all of which the reader can easily 
 find by referring to the Index. 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE COMMON COUNCIL. 
 
 1850. Daniel C. Baker. 
 
 1867. Theodore Attwill. 
 
 1851. James R. Newhall. 
 
 1868. Theodore Attwill. 
 
 1852. Edward S. Davis. 
 
 1869. Nathan M. Hawkes. 
 
 1853. Edward S. Davis. 
 
 1870. Nathan M. Hawkes. 
 
 1854. Gustavus Attwill. 
 
 1871. Bowman B. Breed. 
 
 1855. Gilbert Hawkes. 
 
 1872. Nathan M. Hawkes. 
 
 1856. Edward S. Davis. 
 
 1873. Bowman B. Breed, [died.] 
 
 1857. Edward S. Davis. 
 
 1873. Ezra Baker, [part of the year.] 
 
 1858. Edwin Q. Bacheller. 
 
 1874. William C. Holder. 
 
 1859. Nathan Clark. 
 
 1875. George D. Whittle. 
 
 i860. Noah Robinson. 
 
 1876. George T. NewhaU. 
 
 1861. George H. Chase. 
 
 1877. George T. Newhall. 
 
 1862. George H. Chase. 
 
 1878. George T. Newhall. 
 
 1863. Jesse L. Attwill. 
 
 1879. Charles E. Kimball. 
 
 lR6,1, Jesse L. Attwill. 
 
 1880. George C. Neal. 
 
 1865. Jesse L. Attwill. 
 
 1881. Edward C. Neal. 
 
 1866. Jesse L. Attwill. 
 
 1882. Charles D. Hollis. 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 A GREAT many individuals who have figured in different periods 
 of the history of Lynn have in the present volume been intro- 
 duced to the reader ; some of them of characters altogether 
 worthy of imitation ; others, perhaps, useful as examples to be 
 avoided. It is not unfrequently difficult to determine the gro.und 
 of action in a fellow being — whether it be principle, habit, or 
 natural disposition. And many appear to act as if they consid- 
 ered this or that virtue or vice theirs by prescription or inheritance. • 
 A prominent fellow-citizen some time ago, when checked for his 
 profanity, replied, with perfect coolness, and an air that indi- 
 cated his full belief in the sufficiency of the plea, " Why, my 
 grandfather used to swear ; my father used to swear ; and I 
 mean to swear." Parental example, certainly, had influence here. 
 However, our chief means for judging of men in common life, 
 are found in their daily walk ; and if we can discover the telior 
 of the holding there, a reasonably fair estimate can be made. It 
 is ardently hoped that in the foregoing pages the attempts to 
 elucidate traits, have not been altogether unsuccessful, nor the 
 lessons attempted to be enforced, entire failures. The reply 
 of Rev. Mr. Mottey, the old Lynnfield minister, to one of his 
 complaining parishioners, who called him " odd " was shrewd as 
 well as witty : " Yes," said he, " I set out to be a very good man, 
 and soon found that I could not be without being very odd." 
 
 " God gives to every man, 
 The virtue, temper, understanding, taste. 
 That lifts him into life, and lets him fall 
 Just in the niche he was designed to fill." 
 
 So says the poet ; but observation would pronounce this predes- 
 tinarian sentiment more poetic than true ; at least, if it be taken 
 in the broad sense that the adjoining lines represent : 
 
 (28s) 
 
286 Conclusion, 
 
 " To the deliverer of an injured land, 
 He gives a tongue to enlarge upon, a heart 
 To feel, and courage to redress her wrongs. 
 To monarchs dignity, to judges sense, 
 To artists ingenuity and skill." 
 
 The great body of mankind fall into niches but poorly fitted for 
 them, and become entangled among cares and vexations that 
 cramp and enervate their very souls 
 
 It is believed that in the foregoing pages, abundant evidence 
 will be found that Lynn has produced her full share of worthies 
 in the different walks of life. True, perhaps, she is not able to 
 number among her children any specially illustrious examples 
 in statesmanship, philosophy, or literature ; but on a slightly 
 lowfer level she can firmly stand. The writer has much enjoyed 
 the companionship of the genial ones with whom he has trudged 
 along the historic way ; and will feel disappointed if the reader 
 has not likewise been pleased. It is always a pleasant road that 
 is travelled with agreeable companions. 
 
 Here and there suggestions have been made, not always in the 
 direct line of narrative, which it is hoped will not appear obtru- 
 sive ; at all events, devotion to supposed duty, and innocency 
 of purpose, will be the excuse if one seems necessary. Any 
 kind of a history ought to embrace something more than a mere 
 narration of past events. And when treating of individuals, an 
 author's preferences, sympathies, or prejudices, should never lead 
 to invidious condemnation nor to such a tender veiling of imper- 
 fections as to conceal true characteristics. 
 
 Perhaps the reader may have occasionally noticed in the 
 foregoing pages an item which appeared to him to relate in no 
 special manner to the history of Lynn. But he will find such 
 subservient to the general purpose. It may be asked. What has 
 the appearance of a comet, a dark day, or any similar natural 
 phenomenon to do with the history of a town > — a question 
 rather cavilling than comprehensive ; for is it not true, for in- 
 stance, that the last comet or eclipse visible here, or the "yellow 
 day," belonged as much to Lynn as any other place ? It is often 
 as impossible to cleariy set forth a matter or elucidate a princi- 
 ple, without a seeming divergence for illustration or comparison, 
 as it is to gather the rarest flowers without an occasional detour. 
 
Conclusion. 287 
 
 Nearly fifty years ago, as will be perceived by the date of the 
 appended Prospectus, Mr. Lewis and the writer proposed issuing 
 a volume of selections from Lynn writers ; and the reason why 
 the project was not consummated is not now clearly recollected. 
 Attention, however, is here called to the matter, in the hope that 
 the "labor of love" will yet be accomplished. If some one 
 of the gifted coterie now among us, whose literary electric lights 
 are trimmed and burning, would pursue the plan, they would 
 perform a work to which in after years they might recur with 
 much satisfaction, and for which future generations would be 
 thankful — even if they did not receive a commensurate pecuniary 
 return. The design was to have nothing appear that was not 
 the production of a native ; but that might, of course, be modified 
 if deemed expedient. Our prospectus had not been long before 
 the public, when the " Boston Book " was announced ; and in 
 that, very little discrimination as to natives was observed ; indeed 
 it almost seemed as if merely passing through the city entitled a 
 writer to a place. The Prospectus alluded to, tells its own story, 
 and is as follows : 
 
 Wild Flowers and Sea-Shells : Being a Selection from the Writings, Poetical 
 and Prosaic, of Natives of Lynn : embracing the whole period of its History. Edited 
 by Alonzo Lewis and James R. Newhall. 
 
 During the period embracing, the history of this town, there liave from time to 
 time appeared among us, our fellow-citizens are all aware, those of either sex, who 
 were justly looked upon as endowed with mental qualities far above the ordinary 
 standard — those who have shone as stars of the first magnitude in our little commu- 
 nity, and who, haply, under more auspicious circumstances, would have been hailed 
 as brighter lights to a. more extended sphere ; — but who have yet passed from 
 among us, leaving a few gems only scattered in their path to the tomb, as memorials 
 of the peculiar favor of their God ; — leaving here a few Flowers gathered from the 
 dark glen or the sunny height, and there a little glittering cabinet of Sea-Shells 
 gleaned from the romantic shores of their own loved home. 
 
 It is the object of the editors to gather up these fragments and select from among 
 them such as they esteem most worthy of preservation ; adding a series of articles, 
 original and select, from the writers of the present day. It is not their aim to gain 
 any thing in a pecuniary point of view ; they ask only remuneration for their actual 
 expenses, deeming the pleasure of presenting the little volume to their fellow-citizens 
 sufficient reward for all their toil. It is believed that the work will also be interesting 
 beyond the immediate sphere of its publication, as the interests and sympathies^ of this 
 town and those around her have ever been most strongly united : — together have they 
 toiled through the darkness of by-gone years, and together have they arrived upon the 
 sunny lands of prosperity. 
 
 The Prospectus was dated July 15, 1835; and the work was 
 to have been an i8mo of about 250 pages, at ^i per copy. 
 
288 Conclusion. 
 
 The facilities for travel have now become so great that almost 
 every one, high or low, must have an annual vacation tour. The 
 vacation itself, which a few years ago was hatdly thought of by 
 any save a few of those in the so called upper walks of life, the 
 more wealthy and unoccupied, is now deemed almost indispensa- 
 ble by every one above the rank of day laborer, who of all others 
 would seem most in need of an occasional temporary intermission. 
 None will deny that one of the best purposes to which spare 
 pecuniary means can be devoted, is travel for the improvement 
 of mind or body ; and for reasonable self-gratification, too ; but 
 when undertaken for the inferior object of genteel show or vain 
 boasting, its usefulness is not apparent. What are balls, and 
 banquets, and all such entertainments and revels in comparison 
 with right-purposed travel .' And thanks be to those who in- 
 vented these modern ways and means which enable us at so 
 little expense of time and money to secure the benefit. 
 
 There is the " bridal tour," which every young couple must 
 take on being joined by the silken bonds ; and fortunate it may 
 be if the first disagreement doesnotarise on the question of where 
 and how long it shall be. There is the clergyman's vacation 
 tour which the poor parish as well as the rich is expected without a 
 murmur to accord and further ; for he must have rest and change 
 of scene, although it may happen that the new scene be a niche 
 wherein he is providentially detained to preach a few sermons 
 at extra pay, or, haply, under the same mysterious ordering, 
 become the unforewarned recipient of a call to an improved 
 settlement. There, too, is the schoolmaster's vacation and tour. 
 Well, the faithful teacher is worthy of consideration and esteem 
 though it may be that more hearts swell with joy at his departure 
 than at his return. But we need not further particularize. 
 
 Towards Europe the faces of many excursionists are set ; 
 the land where, amid the historic scenes, the depositories of art 
 and learning, and under the stimulation of buoyant inquietude, 
 and renovating airs, the vigor and elasticity of body and mind, 
 diminished by the onerous duties of home, may be restored. In 
 our Annals under date 1871, it will be found stated that four 
 of the Lynn clergymen were then travelling in Europe. But 
 the vacation excursion to the old countries is by no means con- 
 fined to professional persons or to the wealthy. Lynn every 
 
Conclusion. 289 
 
 season is largely, and we trust not unfavorably, represented 
 abroad by numbers of her comely daughters and manly sons, 
 who return refreshed, with sunburnt countenances, rosy descrip- 
 tions, and declarations of unbounded satisfaction. 
 
 We have here in Lynn a full share of mutual benefit, benevo- 
 lent, sanitary, and temperance organizations, as well as masonic, 
 odd fellow and military. Various companies for the supply 
 of material wants, we also have, working for the good of the 
 people and profit of themselves. Then there are various clubs 
 and associations for discussion and social entertainment, of a 
 character deserving well of an intelligent and hospitable commu- 
 nity. In them assemble the city statists and savants who put 
 to rights the great matters of public concern and the smaller 
 interest of private life. But whether, if the ghost of Johnson 
 should swagger in at a formal club meeting, he would imagine 
 himself again in the company of his friends and compeers — 
 of Burke, Reynolds, Garrick, Sheridan., " Goldy " the favorite, 
 and those other glowing lights of the time, who shed such lustre 
 upon statesmanship, legal erudition, literary and art criticism — he 
 would be inspired anew, astonished, or diverted, no lesser mind 
 than his is competent to determine. 
 
 But after all our boasted privileges, inventions, progress, and 
 attainment — after all the revelations in philosophy, science, and 
 mechanics — after all our rail-roads, steam-driven machinery, tel- 
 egraphs, and electric lights — are there better, wiser, or nobler; 
 men and women — better rulers, statesmen, or philanthropists — 
 better fathers, mothers, or children — than there were in the 
 days of yore ? Why, no, probably not. Mankind preserves:; 
 about the same old average and very likely always will. Yet, to 
 come down to our own limited case, there appears reason for 
 congratulation in that the great rank and file of the community 
 are. at this day in a physically better condition than at any for- 
 mer period ; better fed, clothed, and sheltered ; better provided 
 with the necessaries and conveniences of life. And would it were 
 possible to say the same of all civilized humanity ; yes, and 
 likewise of all benighted, barbarous, and savage. 
 
 The ancient history of the land we occupy is a sealed book, never 
 probably to be opened ; no research has given any satisfactory 
 account of what transpired here, in ages past. The sacred beams 
 
 19 
 
290 Conclusion. 
 
 that lighted up the Holy Land — the sombre twilight that glim- 
 mered through old Egypt's gloom — the dreamy scintillations 
 of the pagan realms — the lustre of the old mythology that so 
 adorned the classic lands — shed no radiance here ; no, not even the 
 rugged surges of an Ossian's song tell of the achievements of the 
 unknown people. The red men had some characteristics now 
 found among no other people ; but the race was not one to make 
 an impression on the world's destiny ; and so they have passed 
 away, leaving scarcely a footprint behind. 
 
 What civilized nation has so little of a past history as ours .'' 
 We have none of the stirring episodes that so enliven the old 
 world chronicles ; no crusaders with their romantic and senti- 
 mental bravery ; no knight-errants with their decorative justice 
 and ideal honor ; no troubadours with their songs of valor and 
 love's enchantments. No, none of these ; our knowledge thus 
 far is of stern and hard realities. And are we not still a nation 
 without a name — a family of near forty, each separately called, 
 but collectively with no name indicating consolidated nationality .' 
 In view of the great centralizing achievement of the civil war 
 ought we so to remain ? O, give the nation a name. 
 
 The changes that have been steadily going on since the day 
 when the Ingalls brothers and their sturdy companions struck 
 the first blows for civilization within these borders, have attained 
 to what we now behold ■ — a fair city, with a population we would 
 fain believe, as virtuous and as happy as is any where to be 
 found. And could those old worthies return to re-traverse the 
 hills and plains over which they once trod, haply with mis- 
 giving hearts, what would be their feelings. And could the 
 few Indians they found here return in their company, what 
 mad antics would they display, and what frenzied ejaculations 
 and resounding whoops would they utter, as they beheld their 
 old trapping thickets and open hunting grounds occupied by 
 stately buildings and the flaunting insignia of a life never con- 
 ceived of in their wildest dreams. 
 
 But there are some things that in the great cycle of ages do 
 not change. The sun, the moon, and the bright retinue of stars 
 which looked complacently down upon the land in the far-off days 
 of forest silence and shadows, now look down with the same com- 
 placency upon our own thronged streets rife with the glittering 
 
Conclusion. 
 
 291 
 
 appointments of trade, and flanked by shrine? for ghostly worship, 
 and the worship of mammon as well.. , And the restless ocean, 
 too, rolls up its storm-driven billows against the rocky battle- 
 ments with the same wild rhythm that jt did when the lonely 
 skin-clad red man stood upon the trembling cliff and beheld 
 advancing with the coming blasts the. misty giants of the spirit 
 land. . . . Here we must pause. 
 
 Whether the writer will ever again travel along the historic 
 way in the goodly company he has so much enjoyed, cannot now 
 be known. The generations have passed on in their silent march 
 to the bourn whence none return ; and in the common course 
 of events he must soon join them — soon bid an everlasting 
 adieu to all here, and lie down with the great company now at rest: 
 
 " That silent company 
 Which far outnumbers all upon earth's face." 
 
 FIRST BURYING-GKOUND IN LYNN, 
 
292 
 
 Mayors. 
 
 MAYORS OF LYNN. 
 
 In the Chaptet of Biographical Sketches, appear the names 
 of all the Mayors of Lynn, from the adoption of the City 
 Charter, to 1 882, with fac-similes of their signatures. But it is 
 so convenient for reference to have them all arranged together, 
 with a statement of their terms of office, that they will be here 
 given in chronological order. The autographs, too, will be re- 
 inserted, as it is believed that the little space required cannot be 
 filled in any way more acceptable. 
 
 By the original Charter the municipal year was made to 
 commence on the first Monday of April ; but by an amendment 
 which took effect in 1855, it was changed to the first Monday 
 of January. 
 
 /#?^-^, 
 
 1850 and 185 1, George Hood. 
 
 1852, ♦Benjamin F. MuDge. 
 
 1853, Daniel C. Baker. 
 
 # ^^ m 
 
 1854, Thomas P. Richardson. 
 
Mayors. 
 
 293 
 
 1855, Andrews Breed. 
 
 1856 and 1857, Ezra W. Mudge. 
 
 1858, William F. Johnson. 
 
 ^: 
 
 C'^^UJ'Ct'*^^ 
 
 1859 and i860, Edward S. Davis. 
 1861, Hiram N. Breed. 
 
 1862, '63, '64, and '65, Peter M. Neal. 
 
294 Mayors. 
 
 1866, '6^, and '68,' Roland G. Usher. 
 
 1869 and I §172, James N. Buffum. _ 
 
 1870 and 1871, Edwin Walden. 
 
 1873, '74, '75, and '76, Jacob M. Lewis. 
 1877 and it 878, Samuel M. Bubier. 
 
 1879 ^"^^ 1880, George P. Sanderson. 
 
 1 881 and 1 882; Henry B. Lovering. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Accidents, i8, 20, 34, 36, 44, 47, 58, 64, 
 77, 8i, 87, 88, 128, 162, 171, 175, 188, 278. 
 
 Adams, Benjamin, Rev., 100, 228 ; John, 
 232 ; John G. B., 265. 
 
 Aged persons, 24, 28, 30, 54, 126, 276, 277. 
 
 Aged Women's Home, 62, 73. 
 
 Agricultural fairs, 81, 86. 
 
 Alley, Abner, 150 ; Hugh, 100, loi ; 
 John, ICO, lOi ; John B., 25, 72, loi, 
 270 ; Mark, 1 50 ; Solomon, loi ; the 
 Alley family, loi. 
 
 Ames, Daniel, 18. 
 
 Ancient buildings, 146, 153, 170, 224. 
 
 Ancient documents. See Depositions, etc. 
 
 Andrews, Alfred, 145 ; Stephen H., 33. 
 
 Anecdotes, 51, 99, 102, 122, 127, 129, 
 131, 136, 140, 147, 155, 171, 174, 196, 
 198, 201, Z03, 206, 210, 217, 227, 231, 
 253, 285. 
 
 Ann, (Queen) 227. 
 
 Annesley, Elizabeth, 226 ; Samuel, Dr., 
 226. 
 
 Anniversary celebrations. See Celebra- 
 tions. 
 
 Antiques and horribles, 32, 237. 
 
 Appropriations and expenditures, city, 
 for 1881, 273. 
 
 Armitage, Godfrey, 103, 105, (106, auto- 
 graph) 107 ; Joseph, loi, 102, 103, 104, 
 105, 107 J Thomas, 103. 
 
 Armitage petition, loj. 
 
 Arnold, George, 130. 
 
 Artillery, Lynn, 277. 
 
 Attwill, Benjamin W., Rev., 260; Gus- 
 tavus, 284 ; Jesse L., 284 ; Theodore, 
 108, 2S4. 
 
 (29S) 
 
 Aurora borealis. See Natural Phenom- 
 ena. 
 Austin, Abner, 265. 
 Authorship, its duties and perplexities, 
 
 253- 
 Autographs: 
 
 Armitage, Godfrey, 106. 
 
 Axey, James, 106. 
 
 Baker, Daniel C, 1 1 1. 
 
 Baker, Edward, 106. 
 
 Bassett, William, 112. 
 
 Batchelder, John, 274. 
 
 Breed, Allen, 116. 
 " Andrews, 118. 
 " Ebenezer, 119. 
 " Hiram N., 120. 
 
 Bridges, Robert, 106. 
 
 Brown, Nicholas, 106. 
 
 Bubier, Samuel M., 124. 
 
 Buffum, James N., 125. 
 
 Burrill, George, 125. 
 " John, 126. 
 
 Burton, Boniface, 106. 
 
 Cicily alias Su George, 16. 
 
 Cobbet, Thomas, 106. 
 
 Cowdry, William, 106. 
 
 Davis, Edward S., 132. 
 
 Dexter, Thomas, 133. 
 
 Doolittle, John, 106. 
 
 Driver, Robert, 106. 
 
 Eames, Henry, 106. 
 
 Fitz, Zachary, 106. 
 
 Fuller, Maria A., 135. 
 
 Gillow, John, 106. 
 
 Godson, Thomas, 106. 
 
 Gray, George, 139. 
 
 Handforth, Nathaniel, io6. 
 
 Holyoke, Edward, 106. 
 
 Hood, George, 157. 
 
 Humfre^ John, 157. 
 
 Ingalls, Ephraim A., 274. 
 
 Johnson, Richard, 106. 
 " William F., 162. 
 
 Tones, Benjamin H., 274. 
 
 Keyser, George, 106. 
 
296 
 
 Index. 
 
 AUTOGRA PHS: — (Continued.) 
 
 King, William, 106. 
 
 Kirtland, Philip, 106. 
 
 Kunkshamooshaw, and wife, 16. 
 
 Laughton, Thomas, 164. 
 
 Lewis, Alonzo, 167. 
 " Jacob M., 167. 
 
 Lightfoot, Francis, 106. 
 
 Longley, William, 106. 
 
 IvOvering, Henry B., 169. 
 
 Lummus, Charles F., 170., 
 
 Mansfield, Andrew, 170. 
 
 Marshall, Thomas, 106. 
 
 Massey, Robert, 106. 
 
 Merritt, Charles, 173. 
 
 Mudge, Benjamin F., 177. 
 " Ezra W., 178. 
 
 Neal, Peter M., 179. 
 
 Parker, Thomas, 106. 
 
 Parsons, Charles E., 274. 
 
 Persons, Robert, 106. 
 
 Pitcher, Mary, (Moll,) 198. 
 
 Ponham, Mary, (Quonopohit,) 16. 
 
 Purchis, Oliver, 201. 
 
 Ramsdell, John, io5. 
 
 Rhodes, Henry, 106. 
 
 Richardson, Thomas P., 205. 
 
 Sanderson, George P., 207. 
 
 Shepard, Jeremiah, 207. 
 
 Stickney, Jeremiah C, 209. 
 
 Tomlins, Edward, 106. 
 " Timothy, 106. 
 
 Townsend, Thomas, 106. 
 
 Usher, Roland G., 213. 
 
 Walden, Edwin, 214. 
 
 Walker, Richard, 106. 
 
 Whiting, Samuel, 218. 
 
 Wood, John, 106. 
 Autumn foliage, 46. 
 Axey, James, ( 106, autograph) 107, 108, 
 
 Baby show, 70. 
 
 Bacheller, Breed, 80; Edwin Q., 284; 
 Jonathan, 265 ; Stephen, Rev., 1 10, 
 189, 259, 275. See Batchelder. 
 
 Baker, Christine, no; Daniel C, no, 
 (in, with autograph) 292; Edward, 
 (106, autograph) 107,111; Ezra, 284. 
 
 Baldwin, Otis L., 80. 
 
 Ballard, John, 164. 
 
 Balloons, 19, 23, 27, 77. 
 
 Bancroft, Nathaniel, 249; Thomas F., 
 45 ; Timothy, 189. 
 
 Bands of music, 57. 
 
 Banks, corporate, 273, 277. 
 
 Bard's Farewell, 165. 
 
 Barker, Dr. Charles C, in, 147, 148. 
 
 Barlow, David H., Rev., 270. 
 
 Barnes, J. W. F., Rev., 25. 
 
 Barnum's great show, 68, 282. 
 
 Barton, Walter, Rev., 259. 
 
 Base ball, 63. 
 
 Bassett, William, (in, with autograph) 
 
 164, 274. 
 Batchelder, Charles J., 73 ; George W., 
 
 73; Jacob, 72, 112; John, 265, (274, 
 
 with autograph. ) See Bacheller. 
 Bates, Elizabeth P. P., 183 ; Moses, 183 ; 
 
 Wallace, 80. 
 Beach road, 52, 277. 
 Beacon light, 225. 
 Bear killed in Lynn woods, 276. 
 Beckford, Ebenezer, 80. 
 Bells, 49, 76, 90, 175. 
 Bennett, Samuel, 112, 113, 275. 
 Bequests : of Benj. F. Doak, 133 ; of 
 
 Sidney B. Pratt, 199. 
 Bert, Hugh, 275. 
 Bicycles and velocipedes, 29. 
 Biddle, Charles W., Rev., 23, 59, 75. 
 
 Biographical Sketches and Personal 
 Notices : 
 Adams, Rev. Benjamin, 100. 
 Alley, Hugh and John, 100. 
 Armitage, Joseph, loi. 
 Attwill, Theodore, 108. 
 Axey, James, 108. 
 Bachelor, Rev. Stephen, 1 10. 
 Baker, Christine, no. 
 
 " Daniel C, Mayor, no. 
 
 " Edward, in. 
 Barker, Dr. Charles O., in. 
 Bassett, William, in. 
 Batchelder, Jacob, 112. 
 Bennett, Samuel, 112. 
 Blanchard, Amos, 114. 
 Bowler, Thomas, n5. 
 Boyce, William S., 58. 
 Breed, Allen, 116. 
 
 " Andrews, Mayor, 117. 
 
 " Dr. Bowman B., 118. 
 
 " Ebenezer, 119. 
 
 " Hiram N., Mayor, 120. 
 
 " Isaiah, 120. 
 Bridges, Robert, 120. 
 Brimblecom, Col. Samuel, 124. 
 Brown, Goold, 124. 
 Bubier, Samuel M., Mayor, 124. 
 Buffum, James N., Mayor, 124. 
 
 " Jonathan, 27. 
 Burrill, Hon, Ebenezer, 125. 
 
 " George, 125. 
 
 " Hon. John, 125. 
 
Index. 
 
 297 
 
 Biographical Sketches and Personal 
 Notices : — (Continued.) 
 Burton, Boniface, 126. 
 Qarnes, Rev. John, 126. 
 Chadwell, Thomas, 126. 
 Chase, Hezekiah, 128. 
 
 " John, 128. 
 
 " Rev. Stephen, 128. 
 Cheever, Rev. Edward, 129. 
 Childs, Amariah, 129. 
 . Clapp, Henry, 129. 
 Cobbet, Rev. Thomas, 131. 
 Coffin, Dr. Edward L., 131. 
 Collins, Micajah, 131. 
 Cook, Rev. Joseph, 42. 
 Cooke, Rev. Parsons, 132. 
 Coolidge, Oliver B., 63. 
 Cowdry, William, 132. 
 Curtin, Enoch, 132. 
 Dagyr, John Adam, 132. 
 Davis, Edward S., Mayor, 132. 
 Dexter, Thomas, 133. 
 Doak, Benjamin F., 133. 
 Doolittle, John, 133. 
 Downing, Elijah, 133. 
 
 " Rev. Joshua Wells, 133. 
 Draper, Gen. Alonzo G., 20. 
 Driver, Robert, 134. 
 Fay, Richard S., 19. 
 Fitch, Zachary, 135. 
 Flagg, Dr. John, 135. 
 Flora,, (negro) 135. 
 Forman, Eugene F., 88. 
 Fuller, Joseph, 135. 
 
 " Maria A., 135. 
 Gardner, Dr. James, 135. 
 
 " James H., 135. 
 Gates, Isaac, 136. 
 Gillow, John, 136. 
 Gould, Dr. Abraham, 21. 
 Gray, George, (hermit) 137. 
 
 " William, 139. 
 Halsey, Thomas, 140. 
 Handford, Nathaniel-, 141. 
 Hannibal (negro) 143. 
 Hart, Samuel, 143. 
 Haven, Richard, 146. 
 Hawkes, Adam, 146. 
 Hazeltine, Dr. Richard, 147. 
 Henchman, Rev. Nathaniel, 154. 
 Hentz, Caroline Lee, 154. 
 Hitchings, Major Ezra, 154. 
 Holyoke, Edward, 156. 
 Hood, George, Mayor, 156. 
 Humfrey, John, 157. 
 Hurd, Rev. Isaac, 157. 
 Hutchinson, Jesse, 157. 
 
 " Judson J., 157. 
 
 Ingalls, Edmund and Francis, 157. 
 Ireson, Samuel Edwin, 158. 
 Jacobs, Benjamin H., 32. 
 Tenks, Joseph, 158. 
 Johnson, Caleb, 159. 
 
 Biographical Sketches and Personal 
 Notices : — (Continued.) 
 Johnson, Otis, 160. 
 
 " Richard, 161. 
 
 " William F., Mayor, 162. 
 
 Keene, Avis, 24. 
 
 " George W., 61. 
 Kertland, Philip, 162. 
 Keyser, George, 162. 
 King, Daniel, 162. 
 Kittredge, Dr. Edward A., 31. 
 Laughton, Thomas, 164. 
 Leonard, Henry and James, 164. 
 , Lewis, Alonzo, 164. 
 
 " Jacob M., Mayor, 167. 
 Lightfoot, Francis, 167. 
 Longley, William, 167. 
 Levering, Henry B., Mayor, 169. 
 Lummus, Aaron, 169. 
 
 " Charles F., 170. 
 Mansfield, Andrew, 170. 
 
 " Dr. Joseph, 170. 
 Marble, Edwin, 84, 172. 
 
 " Hiram, 28. 
 Marshall, Thomas, 172. 
 Martin, Dea. George, 172. 
 
 " Josiah, 173. 
 Merritt, Charles, 73. 
 Montowampate, (Indian) 173. 
 Moody, Lady Deborah, 173. 
 
 " True, (negro) 173. 
 Moore, Henry, 79. 
 Mottey, Rev. Joseph, 173. 
 Moulton, Joseph. 174. 
 
 " Solomon, 175. 
 Mudge, Benjamin, 175. 
 
 " Benjamin F., Mayor, 177. 
 
 " Rev. Enoch, 177. 
 
 " Enoch Redington, 91. 
 
 " Ezra, 177. 
 
 " Ezra Warren, Mayor, 177. 
 Mulliken, Samuel, 179. 
 Munroe, Col. Timothy, 179. 
 Nahanton, (Indian) 179. 
 Nanapashemet, (Indian) 179. 
 Neal, Peter M., Mayor, 179. 
 Newhall, Anthony, 180. 
 
 " Asa T., 180. 
 
 " Benjamin F., 180. 
 
 " Francis S., 180. 
 
 « Henry, 180. 
 
 " Dr. Horatio, 181. 
 
 " Isaac, 185. 
 
 " Isaac, 186. 
 
 " Jacob, 187. 
 
 " James R., 187. 
 
 " Joseph, 187. 
 
 " Josiah, 188. 
 
 " Gen. Josiah, 188. 
 
 " Thomas and Anthony, 189, 
 Nye, Dr. James M., 50. 
 Oliver, Stephen, 194. 
 Parker, Thomas, 195. 
 
298 
 
 Index. 
 
 Biographical ^Sfrfc/to and Personal 
 Notices : — (Continued.) 
 
 Parsons, Rev. Obadiah, 195. 
 
 Patch, Charles F., 196. 
 
 Perkins, Dr. John, 196, 
 
 Perley, Dr. Daniel, 88. 
 
 Phillips, George W., 85. 
 
 Pierson, Rev. Abraham, 197. 
 
 Pitcher, Mary, (Moll) 198. 
 
 Pompey, (negro) 198. 
 
 Poquanum, (Indian) 198. 
 
 Pranker, Edward, 20. 
 
 Pratt, Micajah C, 198. 
 " Sidney B., 199. 
 
 Purchis, Oliver, 200. 
 " Thomas, 201. 
 
 Quanopkonat, (Indian) 201. 
 
 Ramsdell, Abednego, 201. 
 " John, 201. 
 
 Rhodes, Amos, 201. 
 " Henry, 203. 
 
 Richards, Richard, 203. 
 
 Richardson, Jonathan, 204. 
 
 " Thomas P., Mayor, 204. 
 
 Robbins, Dr. Peter G., 205. 
 
 Robinson, Col. James, 205. 
 
 Roby, Rev. Joseph, 205. 
 
 Sadler, Richard, 206. 
 
 Sanderson, George P., Mayor, 207. 
 
 Shepard, Rev. Jeremiah, 207. 
 
 Silsbee, Henry, 207. 
 
 Sparhawk, Rev. ;Nathaniel, 209. 
 
 Stickney, Jeremiah C, 32. 
 
 Swett, Rev. William G., 209. 
 
 Taylor, David, 45. 
 
 Thacher, Rev. Thomas, 211. 
 
 Tomlins,' Edward, 211. 
 " Timothy, 211. 
 
 Townsend, Thomas, 211. 
 
 Treadwell, Rev. John, 212. 
 
 Trevett, Robert W., 212. 
 
 Tudor, Frederic, 212. 
 
 Tufts, Deacon Richard, 212. 
 
 Turner, Capt. Nathaniel, 213. 
 
 Usher, Roland G., Mayor, 213. 
 
 Vinton, John, 213. 
 
 Walden, Edwin, Mayor, 214. 
 
 Walker, Richard, 214. 
 
 Washburn, Peter T., 214. 
 " Reuben P., 216. 
 
 Wenepoykin, (Indian) 216. 
 
 Wheeler, Thomas, 216. 
 
 Whiting, Rev. Samuel, 217. 
 
 Widger, Thomas, 42. 
 
 Wilkins, Bray, 218. 
 
 Willis, Thomas, 219. 
 
 Wood, John, 220. 
 " William, 220. 
 
 Wormstead, 63. 
 
 Yawata, (Indiim) 220. 
 Birch pond, 61. 
 Black Will, (Indian) 198, 259. 
 
 Blackmar, Gen. W. W., 71. 
 
 Blanchard, Amos, 114, 115, 154. 
 
 Blue glass, its supposed virtue, 75. 
 
 Bohemians, literary, 129. 
 
 Bonfires, 17, 68, 71, 225. 
 
 Book charges of an old physician, 149. 
 
 Bowdens, Benj., 249. 
 
 Bowers, Mary, 228. 
 
 Bowler, Thomas, 116. 
 
 Bowles, Joshua, 143; Capt. Ralph H., 
 143; Samuel, 144; Stephen J., 144. 
 
 Boy choir, first in Lynn, 76. 
 
 Boyce, William S., 58, 116. 
 
 Brackett, William F., 80. 
 
 Bradley, Rev. Gordon M., 260. 
 
 Bray, Eliza R., 178. 
 
 Breed, Allen, (116, with autograph) 120; 
 Amos, 150; Amos F., 80; Andrews, 
 117,(118, with autograph) 293 ; Aza A., 
 76, 77 ; Dr. Bowman B., 31, 118, 284; 
 Ebenezer, (119, with autograph) 264 
 Elsie, 193; Henry. A., 149,151; Hi- 
 ram N., 85, (120, with autograph) 293; 
 Isaiah, 62, 118, 120; Madam, 117; 
 Nancy S., 85; N. D. C, 80; S. O., 
 53 ; William, 74. 
 
 Breed's pond, 277. 
 
 Bridge, first over Saugus river, 275. 
 
 Bridges, Capt. Robert, (106, autograph) 
 107, 120, 121, 122, 217. 
 
 Brimblecom, Col. Samuel, 124, 252. 
 
 Brooks, Rev. Elbridge G., 60; John, 
 228. 
 
 Brown, Goold, 124; John, 278; Mar- 
 tha, 232; Nicholas, (loS; autograph) 
 107; Rev. Mr., 232; T. L., 23; 
 Theodate B., 199; William, 47. 
 
 Bubier, Samuel M., 80, (124, with auto- 
 graph) 294. 
 
 Buchanan, President, 278. 
 
 Bufiiim, James N., 25, 31, 124, (125, with 
 autograph); Jonathan, 27, 125, 149, 
 151. 152- 
 
 Buildings, ancient, 146, 153, 170, 224. 
 
 Buildings, new in 1881, 273. 
 
 Bull fight, 277. 
 
 Burchstead, Dr. Henry, 153; Dr. John 
 H., 153. 
 
 Burial at Dungeon Rock, 84. 
 
 Burial of Mr. Lewis, 256. 
 
Index. 
 
 299 
 
 Burrill, Hon. Ebenezer, 125; George, 
 (125, with autograph) ; Hon. John, 
 
 125, (126, with autograph) 227 ; Theo- 
 philus, 232. 
 
 Burton, Boniface, (106, autograph) 107, 
 
 126, 276. 
 
 Business, condition of, 54, 64, 69, 81, 222. 
 Business troubles, 52, 76. 
 Buzzel, George W., 29. 
 
 Camp meeting, (Second Advent) 24. 
 Canker worms, caterpillars, and grass- 
 hoppers, 276, 279. 
 Carnahan, Gen. James, 88. 
 Games, John, 126, 154, 206. 
 Carter, Mary, 149 ; William F., 149. 
 Cat show, 70. 
 Cattle shows, 81, 86. 
 Celebrations : 
 
 Atlantic cable, 278. 
 
 Centennial of the Republic, 69, 71. 
 
 First Church, 250th anniversary, 258. 
 
 Richmond, the fall of, 17. 
 
 Settlement, 2.50th anniversary of, 79. 
 
 St. Patrick's day, 62. 
 
 Surrender of Gen. Lee, 17. 
 
 Cemeteries, 81, 232, 273, 278. 
 
 Census, 271. 
 
 Centennial celebration, 69, 71. 
 
 Centennial Memorial, 72. 
 
 Centennial tree, 71. 
 
 Central avenue, 37. 
 
 Chadwell, Harris, 126; Richard, 126; 
 Thomas, 126; William, 126. 
 
 Charter, city, amendment of, 278. 
 
 Chase, Charles, 150; George H., 25, 72, 
 79, 265, 284; Hezekiah, 128; John, 
 128 ; John B., 150 ; Nathan D., 240; 
 Samuel, 149; Stephen, Rev., 128. 
 
 Cheap rail-road trains, 55, 283. 
 
 Cheever, Col. Abijah, 246; Rev. Ed- 
 ward, 129 ; Mrs. E. N., 246 ; Ezekiel, 
 246; Joseph, 51. 
 
 Chicago fire, 46. 
 
 Children's Home, 272. 
 
 Childs, Amariah, 129. 
 
 Choir, first oJ boys, in Lynn, 76. 
 
 Christian Association, Young Men's, 36, 
 88. 
 
 Chronological Table, 275. 
 
 Church, the First, gathered, 275. 
 Churches, 262. 
 Circle, Exploring, 90, 254. 
 City Clerks, list of, with autographs, 274. 
 City debt, valuation, taxation, appropria- 
 tions, and expenditures, 272, 273. 
 City form of government, 278. 
 City Hall : laying of corner stone, 2i ; 
 dedication of, 24; raising of bell, 49. 
 
 Clams, deaths from eating, 44. 
 
 Clapp, Henry, 129, 130. 
 
 Clare, Ada, a Bohemian, 130. 
 
 Clark, Charles G., 282; Nathan, 284. 
 William A., 80. 
 
 Clarke, (the early Baptist, 121); Rev. 
 James Freeman, 86 ; Jenny P., her re- 
 mains found, 79 ; Thomas, 113. 
 
 Clay, Henry, 278. 
 
 Clerks, City, list of, with autographs, 274. 
 
 Clifford, Harrison, 169. 
 
 Clinton, Jane, 47 ; John G., 47. 
 
 Clubs, benevolent, literary, social, etc, 289. 
 
 Coal, early use of, in Lynn, 222. 
 
 Cobb, Ardra, 175. 
 
 Cobbet, Rev. Thomas, (106, autograph) 
 107, 121, 131,217,259. 
 
 Cobbet school-house. See School Houses. 
 
 Coffin, Dr. Edward L., 74, 131. 
 
 Coins, the pifce tree, 158. 
 
 Cold days, 26, 31,48, 49. 
 
 Coliseum,. Grand Army, 282. 
 
 Collins, Daniel, 154; Micajah, 131 ; the 
 name, in England, 208. 
 
 Colorado beetle, or potato bug, 71. 
 
 Comeouters, 130. 
 
 Comets. See Natural Phenomena. 
 
 Common, the, 37, 43, 71, 78, 88, 277. 
 
 Common sleepers punished, 275. 
 
 Concrete crossings, 60. 
 
 Congress boots first manufactured, 277. 
 
 Connor, Jonathan, 149, 182. 
 
 Cook, Rev. Joseph, famous lecturer, 42, 
 132, 259. 
 
 Cooke, Rev. Parsons, 132, 237, 259. 
 
 Coolidge, Oliver B., 63, 132. 
 
 Cooper, 208. 
 
 Constitution, (frigate) 144. 
 
 Copp's Hill burying ground, 191. 
 
 Corn, importation o( 228. 
 
 Council, Common, presidents of, 284. 
 
300 
 
 Index. 
 
 Courtis, Abel G., 25. 
 
 Cowdry, William, (106, autograph) 107, 
 
 132,232. 
 Crandall, (the early Baptist) 121. 
 Crispin (shoemakers') strike, 52. 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 190. 
 Currier, Rev. A. H., 37. 
 Curtin, Enoch, 132, 148, 150, 152. 
 Cutler, Micajah, 153. 
 Cuzner, John, 58. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dade, Major, 176. 
 
 Daguerreotype, first taken in Lynn, 277. 
 
 Dagyr, John Adam, 132, 276. 
 
 Dancing school, first in Lynn, 276. 
 
 Danforth, Jenny, literary Bohemian, 130. 
 
 Dark Days, 276. 
 
 Dauphin, the French, and hermit Gray, 
 
 137- 
 Davis, Edward S., (132, with autograph) 
 
 293; John, 241. 
 Deaths, accidental, singular, and violent, 
 
 18, 20, 24, 34, 36, 44, 47, 64, 74, 81, 84, 
 
 85, 88, 162, 172, 173, 188, 282, 283. 
 Debt,' City, in 1881, 273. 
 Decoration day observances, 26, 37, 43, 
 
 50, 58, 62, 68, 71, 75, 79, 84, 88. 
 DeCormis, Rev. Louis, 260. 
 Dedications, etc. : 
 
 Central church, 27. 
 
 City HjU, 24. 
 
 First Congregational church, 54. 
 
 First Methodist church, 79. 
 
 Glen Lewis, 254. 
 
 Glenmere Methodist church, 49. 
 
 Nahant church, 32. 
 
 Nahant (R. C.) church, 51. 
 
 Nahant Town Hall, 35. 
 
 Saint Stephen's Memorial church, 93. 
 
 Saugus Town House, 73. 
 
 School-houses, 35, 50, 54, 93. 
 
 Soldiers' Monument, 59. 
 
 Tower Hill Methodist church, 67. 
 
 Universalist church, Nahant street, 60. 
 
 Washington street IJaptist church, 63. 
 Deed of Lynn, (Indian) 16, 276. 
 Defence of Boston harbor, in 1813, 263. 
 Dennen, Rev. Stephen R., 54, 259. 
 Depositions, and old and quaint petitions, 
 
 letters, accounts, etc., 104, 105, 109, 
 
 113, 114, 122, 226, 131, 142, 162, 163, 
 
 168, 219, 232, 233, 238, 249. 
 
 Depots, rail-road, 40, 56. 
 Dexter, Rev. Henry M., 258, 259 ; Tho- 
 mas, (133, with autograph) 258. 
 Directory, first of Lynn, 233, 277. 
 Discomforts of travel, 252. 
 Diseases prevalent in Lynn, 273. 
 Divisions of land, 275, 276. 
 Doak, Benjamin F., 133. 
 Doak Fund, 133. 
 
 Doctors' charges, ufty years ago, 149. 
 Doctors' home, 153. 
 
 Documents, ancient. See Depositions. 
 Dogs, mad, 74. 
 Dom Pedro Emperor of Brazil, in Lynn, 
 
 71. 
 Doolittle, John, (106, autograph) 107, 133. 
 Dory voyage to Europe, 74. 
 Dougherty, John, 80. 
 Douglass, Frank J., 80. 
 Downing, Elijah, 133, 134, 265; Rev. 
 
 Joshua Wells, 133. 
 Drain, public, 32. 
 Draper, Gen. Alonzo, G., 20, 134. 
 Driver, Robert, (106, autograph) 107, 134. 
 Droughts, 21, 44, 48, 283. 
 Drown, Rev. Edward L., 260. 
 Drowning of thirteen persons, of pic-nic 
 
 party, in Lynnfield pond, 278. 
 Dudley, Governor, loi. 
 Dungeon Rock, 28, 84, 172, 275. 
 Dunton, John, 226. 
 Dwellings, scarcity of, 19. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eames, Henry, (106, autograph) 107. 
 
 Earthquakes, 34, 37, 276. 
 
 East Saugus — introduction of public wa- 
 ter, 78. 
 
 Eaton, Lilley, historian, 205 ; Nathaniel, 
 232 ; Thomas, 232. 
 
 Ecclesiastical proceedings, 260. 
 
 Egg Rock Light, 278. 
 
 Election — Artillery, 237 ; Colonial, 234 ; 
 Negro, 236. 
 
 Electric fire alarm, 45. 
 
 Electric lights introduced, 282. 
 
 Elephant, first in Lynn, 276. 
 
 Elizabeth, (Queen) 212. 
 
 Ellis, David, 150 ; Capt John, 61. 
 
 Emerson, Rev. Mr., 206. 
 
Index. 
 
 301 
 
 Emmerton, Dr. James A., 189, 207, 208, 
 
 209. 
 Engine, pumping, at water works, 57. 
 Episcopal Church, 259. 
 Exploring Circle, 90, 254. 
 Explosions, steam, 282. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairfield, Governor, 50. 
 Fairs, 64, 66, 81, 86. 
 Fall of Richmond, celebration of, 17. 
 Family gathering, Hawkes, 147. 
 Farrington, the name, in England, 208. 
 Fay, Richard S., 19, 134. 
 Felton, John B., 75 ; President, 62. 
 Ferry over Saugus river established, 275. 
 Field, A. C. (called Deacon) 147. 
 Fire Department, 82, 87, 159, 265. 
 Fire engines and appliances, 82, 159. 
 Fires, 18, 20, 2i, 22, 23, 29, 30, 35, 38, 43, 
 
 44. 47. 49. S3. 55. 57. 58. 61, 64. 7°. 72. 
 
 74, 84, 86, 87, 88, 93, 277, 278, 279, 282. 
 
 283. 
 First Church, 250th anniversary, 258; 
 
 succession of ministers, 259. 
 Fish and fisheries, 18, 23, 24, 44, 48, 49, 
 
 64, 69, 87, 222, 246, 278. 
 risk, Joseph, no. 
 Iiitch, Benjamin, 232. 
 Fitz, Zachary, (106, autograph) 107, 135. 
 Flagg, Dr. John, 135. 
 Flax Pond Company, 63. 
 Flies and mosquitos, 53. 
 Flint, Alfred P., 80. 
 Flora, (negro) 135. 
 Floyd, or Flud, Joseph, 208. 
 Flying fish, off Nahant, 24. 
 Forest movement — for preservation of 
 
 the woods, 90, 254. 
 Forgetfulness, singular case of, 58. 
 Forman, Eugene F., 88, 135. 
 Fox, Col. C. B., 58; Mary, 130. 
 Frazier, John, 33 ; Mary, 33. 
 Frear stone company, 51. 
 Freemasons, 54, 204, 277. 
 Free public forest movement, 90, 254. 
 French Dauphin and Hermit Gray, 137. 
 Friends' Conference, 60. 
 Frogs and toads, battle of, 43. 
 Frost Levi, 150. 
 
 Frosted trees, 277. 
 
 Fruit and fruit trees, 20. 
 
 Fry, Charles C, 77. 
 
 Fuller, John, 249 ; Joseph, 135, 249, 250 . 
 
 Maria A., (135, with autograph) ; Sa. 
 
 rah, 193. 
 Funeral expenses and ceculiar customs 
 
 at burials, 231. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gales. See Natural Phenomena. 
 
 Gannett, Rev. Ezra S., 45. 
 
 Gardner, Dr. James, 135; James H., 
 
 135- 
 Garfield, President, 90. 
 Garrison, William L., 112. 
 Gas, illuminating, 278. 
 Gatchell, Elizabeth, 262 ; Jeremiah, 261 j 
 
 John, 122 ; Joseph, 261, 262. 
 Gates, Isaac, 33, 136. 
 Geese, wild, 57, 81. 
 George III, King, 227. 
 Gibson, Edward, 18. 
 
 Gifford, Margaret, an alleged witch, 276. 
 Gillow, John, {106, autograph) 107, 136, 
 
 137- 
 Gingle, John, 218. 
 Glen Lewis, 254. 
 
 Godson, Thomas, (106, autograph) 107 
 Gold Fish Pond, 38. 
 Gold, its, war-time value, 78, 281 
 Golden rail-road spike, 31. 
 Golden wedding, 85. 
 Goodrich, Caroline C, 79. 
 Gould, Dr. Abram, 21, 137. 
 Government weather signals, on High 
 
 Rock, 88. 
 Gowan, Daniel, 228 ; David, 249 ; John 
 
 E., 37- 
 Grand Army Coliseum, 282. 
 Grant, President, 46, 184. 
 Grasshoppers, canker worms, caterpillars, 
 
 and potato bugs, 71, 276. 
 Gray, George, the hermit, 137, 138, (13ft 
 
 with autograph) 277 ; Horace, (Judge) 
 
 140 J William, 139, 210. 
 Greeley, Horace, 129. 
 Green, Joseph, 219. 
 Gregg, Richard, 24. 
 Guy, William, 163. 
 
3P2 
 
 Index. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hall, John H., his balloon ascensiop, 27. 
 
 Hallam, Rev. Isaac W., 260. 
 
 Halsey, Daniel, 140, 141; Jesse, 140; 
 Thomas, 140.. 
 
 Hamlin, George, 149 ; Thomas, 150. 
 
 Hancock, Governor, 276. 
 
 Handford, Nathaniel, (lo6, autograph) 
 107, 141, 142, 143, 191. 
 
 Hannibal, (negro) 143. 
 
 Harding, Joseph, 54. 
 
 Hargrave, Captain, 113. 
 
 Harmon, Rollin E., 80. 
 
 Harris, Mrs. Abbie L., 72. 
 
 Harrison, President, 194. 
 
 Hart, Edmund, 144, 145 ; Isaac, 145 ; 
 John, 144; Joseph, 145, 224; Lois, 
 145; Michael, 146 ; Capt. Ralph, 143, 
 145 ; Samuel, 143, 225 ; Stephen, 145 ; 
 Thomas, 146; William, 146. 
 
 Harte, Francis Bret, 145. 
 
 Hartwell, Olive, 160. 
 
 Harwood, Charles E., 80. 
 
 Hatch, Anthony, 81. 
 
 Hathorne, William, 270. 
 
 Haven, Bishop E. O., 146 ; Bishop Gil- 
 bert, 146; Richard, 71,145,146,187, 
 224 ; Samuel F., 146. 
 
 Hawkes, Adam, 85, 146 ; Nathan M., 80, 
 85, 284. Hawkes family gathering, 147. 
 
 Hazeltine, Dr. Richard, III, 147, 148, 
 
 149. 152. 153. 154.205- 
 Heights of Lynn, table of, 251. 
 Henchman, Rev. Nathaniel, 154, 206, 250. 
 Henshaw, Daniel, 150, 151, 152. 
 Hentz, Caroline Lee, 154. 
 Hermit Gray, 137, 138, 139; 
 Hewes, David, 31. 
 Higginson, Col. T. W., 84. 
 Hills, Rev. C. D., 72, 77 ; Nathaniel, 72. 
 Hills of Lynn, table of heights of, 251. 
 History of Lynn, different editions of, 251. 
 Hitchings, Major Ezra, 154, 264, 265. 
 Hobby, Rev. Mr., 205,-206. 
 Holder, William C, 284. 
 Hollis, Charles D., 284. 
 Holmes, (the early Baptist) 121 j Oliver 
 
 W., 86. 
 Holyoke, Edward, (106, autograph) 107, 
 
 133. 156. 
 
 Home, Children's, 272. 
 
 Home for Aged Women, 62, 73. 
 
 Homoeopathic society, 50. 
 
 Hood, Elizabeth, 194; Gporge, Mayor, 
 
 156, (157, with autograph) 210, 292; 
 
 Mary J., 28, 30 ; Richard, 194. 
 Hop tea, 148. 
 
 Horse disease, singular, 56. 
 Horse rail-roads, 93, 278. 
 Horse trot, first in New England, 277. 
 Horses in Lynn, and their value, 20. 
 Hospital, Lynn, 270. 
 Hotel, Lynn, 117, 276. 
 Houghton, Abel, 149, 150. 
 House, Ned, a Bohemian, 130. 
 Houses, old and historic, 146, 153, 170, 
 
 224. 
 Hovey, Rijfus P., 149, 150. 
 Hudson, Mary, 143. 
 
 Humfrey, John, (157, with autograph) 275. 
 Hurd, Rev. Isaac, 157, 259. 
 Huskings, old time, 117. 
 Hutchins, Commodore, 84. 
 Hutchinson, Jesse, 157; Judson J., 157. 
 Hydrophobia, 74. 
 
 Ice trade, 78, 84. 
 
 Illustrations, pictorial. See pp. vii and viii. 
 
 Immigration of rats, 263. 
 
 Independence day, 19, 32, 71, 85. 
 
 Indian character, 14. 
 
 Indian deed of Lynn, 16, 276. 
 
 Indian land titles, 15. 
 
 Indian relics, 62, 69. 
 
 Indian signatures to deed of Lynn, 16. 
 
 Indian summer, 24, 
 
 Indian, the old, a famous tree, 225. 
 
 Indian visitors, 44. 
 
 Infantry veteran parade, 78. 
 
 Ingalls, Edmund, 54, 157, 275 ; Ephraim 
 A.; (274, with autograph); Francis, 
 54. 157. 275 ;. John J., 157 ; Nathan- 
 iel, 150; Rufus, 157. 
 
 Ingalls school-house, 54. 
 
 Inscription for tavern sign-board, 141. 
 
 Inscription on Dighton Rock, 11, 
 
 Ireson, Samuel E., 158; Samuel J., 
 158. 
 
 Iron works, 120, 275. 
 
Index, 
 
 303 
 
 Jackson, Dr. James, l8l ; John A., 59, 
 
 81 ; President, 189. 
 Jacobs, Benjamin H., 32, 158; Edwin 
 
 S.,32- 
 
 Jenks, Jaseph, 158, 159; Rev. Wm., 159. 
 
 Jennie P. Clarke, her remains found, 79. 
 
 Johnson, Caleb, 159; Cornet, 161 ;. Capt., 
 the Atlantic dory voyager, 74 ; Daniel, 
 161 ; Edward, 121; Edwin H., 30; 
 Enoch, 160; Capt. Joseph, 160 ; Otis, 
 160, 161 ; Richard, (106, autograph) 
 107,161; RufusA.,30; Samuel, 161 ; 
 William F., Mayor, (162, with auto- 
 graph) 293. 
 
 Joinville, Prince de, 138. 
 
 Jordan, John R., 80. 
 
 Jones, Benjamin H., (274, with auto- 
 graph) ; Thomas, 47. 
 
 Jubilees, peace, musical, 31, 50. 
 
 Joyce children, their burial, 18. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kearney, Dennis, the sand-lot orator, 77. 
 
 Keayne, Capt. Robert, 123, 206. 
 
 Keene, Avis, 24, 162; George W., 61, 
 162; Josiah, 24. 
 
 Keith, Rev. George, 239. 
 
 Kelley, John, 198. 
 
 Kertland, Nathaniel, no; Philip, (106, 
 autograph) 107, 162, 262, 275; Rev. 
 Samuel, 262. 
 
 Key^er, George, (106, autograph) 107, 162. 
 
 Kimball, Charles E., 25, 80, 284; Dr. 
 Daniel F., 79; Josiah F., 80; Rufus,25. 
 
 King, Blaney, 163; Daniel, 162, 163; 
 Elizabeth, 163; Ralph, 163, 164; Wil- 
 liam, (106, autograph) 107. 
 
 King of the Bohemians, (H. Clapp) 129. 
 
 Kirby, Mary, 18. 
 
 Kirtland. See Kertland. 
 
 Kittredge, Dr. Edward A., 31, 164. 
 
 Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot, 278, 
 
 Kyrtland, 208. 
 
 Labor troubles, 52, 76. 
 Ladies on school committee, 38. 
 Lafayette, General, 189, 276, 277. 
 Lakeman, Rachel, 179. 
 
 Lamphier, J. Frank , 80. 
 
 Land, price of, 36. 
 
 Land, public, divisions of, 275, 376. 
 
 Last dwelling house on Market street, 74. 
 
 Laughton, the name, 208 ; Thomas, 106, 
 
 107, (164, with autograph). 
 Law office, first in Lynn, 277. 
 Lawrie, Richard C, 80. 
 Lawson, Christopher, 104; Mr., Z19. , 
 Lawsuits, evils of, 102, 104, 122. 
 Lectures : of Rev. Joseph Cook, 42 ; of 
 
 Wan Chin Foc^ (a Chiuaman), 64. 
 Lee, Confederate General, his surrender, 
 
 17, 192 ; General, of the Revolution, 
 
 140. 
 Leonard, Henry and James, 164. 
 Letter the famous Morey, 87. 
 Lewis, Alonzo, 150, 152, 164, 165, 166, 
 
 (167, with autograph) 168, 172, 202, 
 
 226, 229, 230, ?£!, 252, 254, 25s, 256, 
 
 257, 278, 287 ; Jacob M., Mayor, 80, 
 
 (167, with autograph) 294 ; James, 149. 
 Library, Free Public, 82, 95, 199, 273, 279. 
 Life in the west, in early times, 182. 
 Light Infantry, 78, 277, 279. 
 Lightfoot, Francis, (106, autograph) 107, 
 
 167. 
 Lightning, singular effects of, 50, 75, 276. 
 Likenesses. See Portraits. 
 Lincoln, President, his assassination, 18. 
 List of City Clerks, with autographs, 274. 
 List of Mayors, with autographs, 292. 
 List of Presidents of the Council, 284. 
 Lobsters, 18, 49, 277. 
 Logan, General, 26. 
 Lorig hair denounced, 122. 
 Longley, Ann, 168 ; Mary, i68 j Wm., 
 
 (106, autograph) 107, 167, 168. 
 Lord, Daniel J., 93. 
 Lovering, Henry B., Mayor, (169, with 
 
 autograph) 294. 
 Lummus, Aaron, 169; Charles F., 169, 
 
 (170, with autograph) 202, 233, 277; 
 
 Dr. John, 125; William, 80. 
 Lynde, Benjamin, 143. 
 Lynn Directory, the first, 233, 277. 
 Lynn : 
 
 her people and their pursuits, 247. 
 Hills, table of heights of, 251. 
 History of, 251. 
 
304 
 
 Index. 
 
 Lynn : 
 
 Hospital, 270. 
 
 in 1750 and 1817, 227. 
 
 made a market town, 278. 
 
 Post-o£5ce, 264. 
 
 receives her present name, 275. 
 
 Public Records of, 229. 
 
 statistical matters. See Statistics. 
 Lynnfield incorporated, 277. 
 
 M. 
 
 Mackerel. See Fish. 
 
 Had dogs, 74. 
 
 Mailey, Mary, 150. 
 
 Manor, the Newhall, in England, 190. 
 
 Mansfield, Andrew, 109, (170, with auto- 
 graph) 174, 229; Epes, 24; Dr. Jo- 
 seph, 170, 171, 172 ; Sylvester, 80. 
 
 Marble Edwin, 84, 172; Hiram, 28, 172, 
 278. 
 
 Marlor, John, 80. 
 
 Marriage portion, 113. 
 
 Marriages, 273. 
 
 Married in dishabille, 228. 
 
 Marsh, Charles P., 214; Thomas J., 265. 
 
 Marshall, Thomas, (106, autograph) 172, 
 
 Martin, A. B., 80; Deacon George, 172 j 
 Josiah, 173. 
 
 Masonic lodge, 277. 
 
 Masonic parade, 60. See Freemasons. 
 
 Massey, Benjamin, 154 ; Robert, (106, 
 autograph) 107. 
 
 Mather, Cotton, 182 ; Richard, 104. 
 
 Matrimonial finesse, 230. 
 
 Maverick, Samuel, 113. 
 
 May-day horns, 77. 
 
 Mayflower, the ship, 257. 
 
 May, L. A., 80. 
 
 Mayors, list of, with autographs, 292. 
 
 McDonald, Donald, 277. 
 
 McKenney, John, 43. 
 
 McMahon, James, 84. 
 
 Mechanics' fair, 64. 
 
 Medical services, charges for, 149. 
 
 Memorial, Centennial, 72. 
 
 Memorial Day, Soldiers'. See Decoration 
 day observances. 
 
 Memorial stone, Sadler, 206. 
 
 Memory, strange lapses of, 58, 171. 
 
 Merrill, Benj., 277; George S., 62, 
 
 Merritt, Charles, 73, 150, 152, (173, with 
 autograph) 274; Timothy, 73. 
 
 Meteoric shower, 277. 
 
 Meteors. See Natural Phenomena. 
 
 Methodist Conference, 74. 
 
 Midnight bells, 90. 
 
 Miles, S. P., 86. 
 
 Mill, first in Lynn, 275. 
 
 Mills, William H., 207. 
 
 Ministers: of First Parish, 259; of St. 
 Stephen's, 260., 
 
 Mirage. See Natural Phenomena. 
 
 Missionary, City, 54. 
 
 Mitchell, William F., 54. 
 
 Montague, Admiral, 144. 
 
 Montowampate, (Indian) 14, 173. 
 
 Monument, Soldiers', 59. 
 
 Moody, Lady Deborah, 173; True, 173. 
 
 Moore, Henry, 79, 173. 
 
 Morey letter, the, 87. 
 
 Morocco manufacturers, 51, 276. 
 
 Mormonism, lecture on, 67. 
 
 Morse, Professor, proceedings in relation 
 to his decease, 50. 
 
 Mosquitoes and flies, 53. 
 
 Mottey, Rev. Joseph, 173, 285. 
 
 Moulton, Anne, 175; Charles H., 175; 
 Daniel, 150; James T., 175; John 
 T., 171, 172, 17s, 186; Joseph, 174, 
 I7SJ Solomon, 172, 175 Walter S., 
 175- 
 
 Mudge, Benjamin, 175, 176, 265 ; Benja- 
 min ¥., Mayor, (177, with autograph) 
 292; Daniel L., 134; Rev. Enoch, 
 92, 149, 152, 177; Enoch Redington, 
 9I7 92. 152, 177. 260; Ezra, 177; 
 Ezra Warren, 177, (178, with auto- 
 graph) 293; James, 228; Joseph, 
 175 J Robert R., 176. 
 
 Mullifcen, Samuel, 154, 179, 264, 265. 
 
 Munroe, President, his visit to Lynn, 277 j 
 Col. Timothy, 179. 
 
 Murders : 
 
 of Nathan Breed, jr., 279. 
 of Jennie P. Clarke, 79. 
 of the Joyce children, 18. 
 by William Vennar, 47. 
 
 Music and musicians, 114. 
 Music, bands of, 57. 
 Music Hall, 38. 
 
Index. 
 
 305 
 
 N. 
 
 Nahant, 26, 278. 
 
 Nahanton, (Indian) 179. 
 
 Nanapashemet, (Indian) 179. 
 
 Nash, Lonson, 241, 242. 
 
 Natural Phenomena, 13, 21, 22, 23, 26, 
 31. 33. 35. 39> 43. 46. 48, 49. 5°. 53. 60, 
 63. 70. 73. 74. 75. 76. 78. 81, 86, 87, 89, 
 276, 277, 278, 279, 283. 
 
 Neal, Edward C, 284 ; George C, 80, 
 284; Peter M., Mayor, 25, (179 with 
 autograph) 293. 
 
 Negro election, 236. 
 
 Nettleton, Col. E. P., 59. 
 
 New buildings in 1881, 273. 
 
 Newell and Newhall, the names, 190, 
 191. 
 
 Newell, Samuel, 181. 
 
 Newhall and Newell, the names, 190, 
 191. 
 
 Newhall, Abby, 199; Amos, 249; An- 
 thony, 143, 180, 189, 194; Asa T., 
 180; Benjamin, 114, 156, 232; Benja- 
 min F., of Saugus, 180 ; Charles L., 
 193; Elizabeth, 160, 168; Emmota, 
 190; Col. Ezra, 191, 193; Francis 
 S., 180; Frederic, 149 ; Col. Frederic 
 C, 192 ; Capt. George T., 72, 80, 
 284 ; Gilbert, 191 ; Harrison, 30, 204 ; 
 Henry, i8o; Dr. Horatio, 181, 182, 183, 
 184, i85; Isaac, 185, i85; Jacob, 
 ^ 187, 249 ; James, 208 ; James R., 22, 
 25, 72, 80, 187, 225, 251, 284, 287; 
 John, 142, 149, 162, 168; John B., 
 187 ; John M., 76; Joseph, 187, 249 ; 
 Josiah, 188; Locker, 249; Nathaniel, 
 142, 143, 191 ; Thomas, 19, 143, 146, 
 167, 180, 189, 190, 275, 276; Thomas 
 A., (of Philadelphia) 191, 192, 193; 
 Thomas B., 22, 25, 72, 265; Capt. 
 Walter S., 192 ; Winthrop, 203. 
 
 Newhalls, the, in England, 189. 
 
 Newspapers, 27, 45, 70, 96, 147, 151, 183, 
 268, 269, 277. 
 
 Nichols, Col. John, 67 ; Thomas P., 25. 
 
 Night arch, 277. 
 
 Northern lights. See Natural Phenomena. 
 
 Northmen, the, 9. 
 
 Notes, Miscellaneous, 221. 
 
 Nye, Dr. James M., 50. 
 
 O. 
 O'Baldwin, prize fighter, 28. 
 O'Brien, Fitz James, 130. 
 Odd Fellows, 44, 45, 55. 
 Old documents and papers. See Depo- 
 sitions. 
 Old grave-yards, 232. 
 Old houses, 146, 153, 170, 224. 
 Old Indian, (tree) 225. 
 Old people, 24, 28, 30, 51, 54, 126, 276. 
 Old time shoemaker, 128. 
 Old Tunnel meeting-house, 276. 
 Oliver, Stephen, 149, 152, 194, 195, 265. 
 Onslow, the parliamentary speakers, 227. 
 
 Paine, Rev. George S., 260. 
 
 Palmer, John, 227. 
 
 Papers, old and curious. See Deposi- 
 tions. 
 
 Park, the, 37. 
 
 Parker, Nathaniel, 232; Thomas, (106,. 
 autograph) 107, 195 ; Rev. Theodore, 
 195, 202. 
 
 Parsons, Charles E., (274, with auto- 
 graph) ; Rev. Obadiah, 195, ig6, 259, 
 
 Patch, Charles F., 196. 
 
 Patten, Caroline A., 92. 
 
 Payer, Mr., 75. 
 
 Peabody, Rev. David, 259; Rev. Dr., 
 210. 
 
 Peace jubilees, musical, 31, 50. 
 
 Peale, Rembrandt, ill. 
 
 Pearls in Lynn ponds, 278. 
 
 Pearson, John, 109, no. 
 
 Peirce, John, 163. 
 
 Penn, William, 144. 
 
 Penny, Alonzo, 80. 
 
 Pepperell, Sir William, 250. 
 
 Perley, Dr. Daniel, 196. 
 
 Personal Notices. See Biographical 
 Sketches. 
 
 Persons, Robert, (106, autograph) 107. 
 
 Peters, Hugh, 197. 
 
 Petition, the Armitage, 105. 
 
 Petitions, old and quaint. See Deposi- 
 tions, &c. 
 
 Phenomena, celestial, &c See Natural 
 Phenomena. 
 
 Philip, King Louis, 138. 
 
 20 
 
3o6 
 
 Index. 
 
 Phillips, George W., 85, 197 ; Mary, 28 ; 
 Rev. Mr., 250; Wendell, Ii2; Wm. 
 B., 80. 
 
 Phinney, Col., 211. 
 
 Phosphorescent glow on the sea, 76. 
 
 Photography, 18, 277. 
 
 Physicians' charges, 149. 
 
 Pickering, Col. Timothy, 193. 
 
 Pic-nic parties, 45, 278, 
 
 Pictorial illustrations. See pp. vii and viii. 
 
 Pierson, Rev. Abraham, 197. 
 
 Pine Grove Cemetery. See Cemeteries. 
 
 Pine Hill, 225, 251. 
 
 Pine Hill reservoir, 56. 
 
 Pines, Point of, 244. 
 
 Pitcher, Mary, (Moll) 154, (igg, with au- 
 tograph) 277. 
 
 Plantation bell, 175. 
 
 Pleasanton, General, 75. 
 
 Point of Pines, 244. 
 
 Police Court and police business, 80, 271, 
 278. 
 
 Polk, President, in Lynn, 277. 
 
 Pollard, Rev. F. J. W., 260. 
 
 Polls, number of, 273. 
 
 Pompey, (negro) 198. 
 
 Ponds, 38, 39, 43, 61, 277, 278. 
 
 Poole, Samuel, 232. 
 
 Poor,' provisions for the, 82. 
 
 Pope, Hannah, 119. 
 
 Population, 271. 
 
 Poquanum, (Indian) 198, 259. 
 
 Portraits. See page viii. 
 
 Post-masters, list of, 265. 
 
 Post-office, 264, 276, 279. 
 
 Potato bug, or Colorado beetle, 71. 
 
 Potato rot, in 1770, 276. 
 
 Potter, Nathaniel, 276 ; Robert, 162. 
 
 Prairie travel, 182. 
 
 Pranker, Edward, 20, 198. 
 
 Pratt bequest, the, 199. 
 
 Pratt, James, 199; Micajah C, 198; 
 Sidney B., 199. 
 
 Prescott, William H., 18, 239. 
 
 Prescott's Walk, 239. 
 
 Presidents of Common Council, list of, 284. 
 
 Prices, excessive, unlawful, 112. 
 
 Printers' and Publishers' association, 37. 
 
 Prize fighting, 28, 61, 278. 
 
 Professional charges of old physician, 149. 
 
 Prognostications, wonderful, 94. 
 
 Public affairs, meeting for discussion on, 
 
 37- 
 
 Public forest, free, 90, 254. 
 
 Public Library, 82, 95, 199. 
 
 Publishers' and Printers' association, 37 
 
 Pumping engine at water works, 57. 
 
 Purchis, Oliver, 200, (201, with auto- 
 graph); Sarah, 200 ; Thomas, 201. 
 
 Purinton, James, 28, 71. 
 
 Q- 
 
 Quarrel between neighbors, i68. 
 Quincy, President, 252. 
 Quonopkonat, (Indian) 201. 
 
 Rail-road matters, 40, 44, 48, 55, 56, 60, 
 67. 68, 85, 93, 222, 277, 278, 238, 
 
 Ramsdell, Abednego, 2oi ; C. H., 80; 
 John, (io6, autograph) 107, 201 ; Na- 
 than A., 80 ; Oliver, 80. 
 
 Randolph, Secretary, 159, 276. 
 
 Rats, immigration of, 263. 
 
 Rattlesnakes, 22, 28, 76. 
 
 Read, Dr. Philip, 276. 
 
 Real estate, prices of, 36, 54. 
 
 Rebellion, Shays's, 238. 
 
 Records of Lynn, 229. 
 
 Rednap, Joseph, 109. 
 
 Reeves, Robert H., his tragic death, 34. 
 
 Regattas, 37, 50. 
 
 Religious matters, 239, 261. 
 
 Religious societies, list of, 262. 
 
 Representative, the first sent from Lynn, 
 275. 
 
 Reservoir, Pine Hill, 56. 
 
 Resources and supplies, 246. 
 
 Revere, Paul, 77. 
 
 Revere, rail-road disaster at, 44. 
 
 Revival, religious, 74. 
 
 Rhodes, Amos, 154, 201; Henry, (106, 
 autograph,) 107, 203. 
 
 Rich, Abigail, 175. 
 
 Richards, Richard, 203. 
 
 Richardson, James N., 80; John, 239; 
 Jonathan, 203; Thomas P., Mayor, 
 72, 204, (205, with autograph) 292. 
 
 Richmond, fall of, 17. 
 
 Robbery of Aza A. Breed, 76. 
 
Index. 
 
 307 
 
 Robbins, Rev. Chandler, 154, 205; Dr. 
 
 Peter G., 153, 154, 205 ; Rev. Samuel 
 
 D., 154, 205. 
 Robinson, Christopher, 129 ; Col. Jamer, 
 
 156, 205, 264, 265 ; Noah, 2S4. 
 Roby, Rev. Joseph, 100, 205, 206. 
 Rood, William H., 80. 
 Roundy, Sarah, 47. 
 Ruck, Elizabeth, 104; John, 104. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sadler memorial stone, 206. 
 
 Sadler, Richard, 206. 
 
 Sadler's Rock, 206. 
 
 Saint John, Elizabeth, 244. 
 
 Sanderson, George P., Mayor, 80, (207, 
 with autograph) 294. 
 
 Sandwich settled by Lynn people, 275. 
 
 Sandyll, Thomas, 257. 
 
 Saugus incorporated, 277. 
 
 Saugus public water, 78. 
 
 Savage, Charles L., 58. 
 
 Saxton, Thomas, 36. 
 
 School-master, an old time, 114. 
 
 Schools and school-houses, 50, 54, 82, 
 1 14, 266. 
 
 Schooners, three-masted, 61. 
 
 Sea-serpent, 69, 240, 263, 277. 
 
 Seaver, Col. James W., 184. 
 
 Secessionists, treatment of, 17, 18. 
 
 Second Advent camp meeting, 24. 
 
 Sermon, first in Waldo, Me., 250. 
 
 Sermons, model, 209. 
 
 Shakspeare, 146. 
 
 Sharks, 19, 23 
 
 Shaw, Dora, a Bohemian, 130. 
 
 Shays's rebellion, 238. 
 
 Shepard, Rev. Jeremiah, 35, 141, 164, 
 207, 217, 259, 276 ; William, 80. 
 
 Sheridan, General, 192. 
 
 Sherman, General, 2i. 
 
 Shipton, Mother, her prophesies, 94. 
 
 Shipwrecks, 36, 60, 276, 277, 278, 279. 
 
 Shipyard, Hart's, 144. 
 
 Shirt, theft of a, 232. 
 
 Shoe and leather trade gathering, 51. 
 
 Shoe, the monster, on wheels, 203. 
 
 Shoemakers, Shoemaking, and Shoe Bu- 
 siness, 20, 39, 52, 83, 128, 222, 228, 275, 
 278. 
 
 Shorey, John L., 80 ; Miles, 276. 
 
 Shott, Peter, 149. 
 
 Showers, remarkable. See Natural Phe- 
 nomena. 
 
 Siamese twins, 230. 
 
 Silsbee, different spellings of the name, 
 208; Henry, 207, 208, 209; Nathan- 
 iel, 208. 
 
 Skeletons exhumed, 46. 
 
 Skinner, Joseph, 249. 
 
 Skirmishing neighbors, 168. 
 
 Skrellings, an ancient race, 10, II. 
 
 Slavery, abolishment of, 226. 
 
 Slaves owned in Lynn, in 1776, 276. 
 
 Sleeping in meeting, 112. 
 
 Small pox, 48, 276. 
 
 Smith, Fred, 77 ; Horace, 253 ; John 
 H., 64, 
 
 Snell, William, 80. 
 
 Snow storms, great. See Storms. 
 
 Soldiers' monument, 59. 
 
 Sparhawk, Rev. Nathaniel, 209. 
 
 Sparrows, English, 58. 
 
 Specie, transportation of, 232. 
 
 Speculations in real estate, 54. 
 
 Spelling matches, 66. 
 
 Spider's bite, supposed death from, 84. 
 
 Spinney, Benjamin i'., 93. 
 
 Spontaneous combustion, 44. 
 
 Sprague, Preserved, 149, 151. 
 
 Stackpole, Lydia, .149. 
 
 Stage ride, old fashion, 77. 
 
 Stations, rail-road, 40, 56. 
 
 Statistical items, relating to various peri- 
 ods, 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 35, 38, 39, 48, 
 56, 57, 6i, 66, 81, 82, 83, 87, 95, 96, 
 222, 262, '65 '67, '68, '71, '72, '73. 
 
 Steam boat travel, early, 223. 
 
 Steam boiler explosions, 282. 
 
 Steele, Rev. Daniel, 72. 
 
 Stevens, Gen. A. F., 68. 
 
 St. John, Elizabeth, 244. 
 
 St. Patrick's day, celebration of, 62. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, and St. Stephen's 
 Parish, 76, 86, 91, 93, 136, 259. 
 
 Stickney, Jeremiah C, 32, 33, (209 with 
 autograph) 265. 
 
 Stocker, George W., 273. 
 
 Stone, Sadler memorial, 206. 
 
 Storer, Eben, 232. 
 
3o8 
 
 Index. 
 
 Storms, violent, 22, 23, 39, 46, 53, 60, 70, 
 
 74, 75- 276, 277, 278, 282. 
 Stowe, James, 207, 208. 
 Streets of Lynn, 60, 271. 
 Strike, slioemakers', 52. 
 Sunday school statistics, of 1865, 16. 
 Sun fish, 24. 
 
 Surplus U. S. revenue, distribution of, 277. 
 Swamp, Tomlins's 211. 
 Swampscott, as a vfatering place, 54. 
 Swampscott, incorporation of, 278. 
 Swett, Col. Samuel, 210 ; Rev. William 
 
 Gray, 140, 203, 209, 2io. 
 Switzer, James W., 80. 
 
 Tarbox, James M., 75, 76; J. K., 44; 
 Samuel, no. 
 
 Tarring and feathering, 18, 43. 
 
 Tavern sign-board inscription, 141. 
 
 Taverns, old style, 103, 227. 
 
 Taxation, 19, 272. 
 
 Taylor, Bayard, 187; David, 45, 211 ; 
 Capt. R. G., 161 ; Virginia, 161. 
 
 Tea, historic, 246. 
 
 Tebbetts, Ezra R., 278, 
 
 Telegraph, introduction of, 278. 
 
 Telephone introduced, 81. 
 
 Temperature, curiosities of, 78, 282. 
 
 Thacher, Rev. Thomas C, 211, 214, 259; 
 Rev. Dr. Peter, 214. 
 
 Thompson, George, 151. 
 
 Thunder and lightning. See Lightning. 
 
 Thurstixi, John A., 48. 
 
 Titles, Indian land, 15. 
 
 Titles, personal, 253. 
 
 Toads and frogs, battle of, 43. 
 
 Todd, Mary W., 124; Relief, 173. 
 
 Tolman, John B., 270. 
 
 Tomlins, Edward, (106, autograph) 107, 
 211; Timothy, (106, autograph) 107, 
 211. 
 
 To wnsend, the name, 208 ; Andrew, 212) 
 Charles H., 212; Daniel, 212; Tho- 
 mas, (106, autograph) 107, 211, 212. 
 
 Tracy, Cyrus M., 25, 79. 
 
 Tragedies. See Murders. 
 
 Tramps. 65. 
 
 Transcript, newspaper, 25. 
 
 Travel, 43, 222, 223, 252, 
 
 Trawl fishing, 278. 
 
 Treadwell, Rev. John, 100, 212, 259. 
 
 Trees, remarkable, 224, 225, 239. 
 
 Trenton Hose Company, visit of, 28. 
 
 Trevett, Robert W., 33, 149, 152, 212. 
 
 Trials, Police Court and Justice, 80, 271. 
 
 Triplets, birth of, 62. 
 
 True, Rev. Edward H., 260. 
 
 Tubular wells, 86. 
 
 Tudor, Frederic, 160, 212. 
 
 Tufts, David, 212; Gardiner, 80, 212; 
 
 Deacon Richard, 212. 
 Turner, Capt. Nathaniel, 213, 275. 
 Turnpike, Boston and Salem, 35, 276. 
 Twins, the Siamese, 230. 
 Two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, 79. 
 Tyler, Andrew, 232. 
 
 U. 
 United States surplus revenue, distribu- 
 tion of, 277. 
 Universalist Convention, 69. 
 -Upham, Hon. Charles W., 218; U. S. 
 
 senator, 214. 
 Usher, E. P., 59; Hezekiah, 237 ; Leo- 
 nard B., 265; Roland G., Mayor, 25, 
 (213, with autograph) 238, 294. 
 
 V. 
 Vacations and vacation tours, 288. 
 Vagrants, tramps, 65. 
 Valuation and taxation, 272. 
 Vassar, Rev. C. T., 26. 
 Veal, Thomas, 275. 
 Veazie, \V. G., 79. 
 Velocipedes and bicycles, 29. 
 Vennar, William, a desperado, 47. 
 Veteran parade. Infantry, 78. 
 Vickings, the, 9. 
 Victoria, Queen, 278. 
 Vincent, George W., 80. 
 Vinton, John, 213. 
 Vital statistics of 1881, 273. 
 Volunteet labor, 67, 263. 
 
 W. 
 
 Walden, Edwin, Mayor, (214, with auto- 
 graph) 294. 
 Waldo, General, 250. 
 Wales, Prince of, in Lynn, 278. 
 
Index. 
 
 309 
 
 Walker, Richard, (106, autograph) 107, 
 214. 
 
 Wallis, George, 113. 
 
 Ward, landlord, 227 ; Rev. Milton, 260. 
 
 Washburn, Gov. Peter T., 214, 216; Reu- 
 ben P., 214, 216. 
 
 Washington, his rebuke of Gen. Lee, 
 140 ; visits Lynn, 276. 
 
 Water, and the city supply, 35, 39, 56, 57, 
 60,77. 
 
 Waters, Rev. George, 260; Henry F.. 
 1S9, 193, 208. 
 
 Webber, James W., 249. 
 
 Wells, tubular, 86. 
 
 Wesley, John, 226; Samuel, 226, 227. 
 
 Western life, early, 182. 
 
 Whales, 19, 23, 276, 277. 
 
 White, Capt. John, 270 ; William A., 260. 
 
 Whitefield, Rev. George, 206, 276. 
 
 Whiting, Col. John, 243 ; Rev. Joseph, 
 259; Maj. Gen., (Confederate) 243; 
 Rev. Samuel, 35, (106, autograph) 107, 
 121, 217, 218, 243, 244, 259; WilHam, 
 218, 243. 
 
 Whitman, Walt, 130. 
 
 Whiton, Rev. James M., 259. 
 
 Whitten, officer, 48. 
 
 Whittle, George D., 284. 
 
 Widger, Capt. Thomas, 42, 218. 
 
 Wild f"lowers and Sea Shells, 287. 
 
 Wildes, Rev. George D., 260. 
 
 Wild geese, 57, 8i. 
 
 Wilkins, Bray, 218, 219. 
 
 Will, difiiculty concerning Mr. Axey's, 
 109. 
 
 Willard, John, a witchcraft victim, 218, 
 229. 
 
 Williams, Col., 217; Eleazer, the sup- 
 posed French dauphin, 137, 138, 139; 
 Rev. John, 139; Joseph, 276. 
 
 Willis, Thomas, 219. 
 
 Witchcraft, 218, 219, 276. 
 
 Women, home for aged, 62, 73. 
 
 Won Chin Foo, Chinese lecturer, 64. 
 
 Wood, John, (io6, autograph) 107,220; 
 William, 220, 275. 
 
 Woods, Rev. Mr., 23. 
 
 Woodward, Thomas, famous awl-maker, 
 238. 
 
 World's Exposition, 281. 
 
 Wormstead, John B., 63, 220. 
 
 Wormuld, Joseph, prize-fighter, 28. 
 
 Wrestling match, fatal, 18. 
 
 Y. 
 Yacht Club, 37, 50. 
 Yawata, (Indian) 220. 
 Yellow day, 8g. 
 
 Young, Brigham, Mormon prophet, 67. 
 Young Men's Christian Association, 36, 88. 
 
 WITT'S ROCK. 
 
 (Now called Lover's Leap.) 
 
3IO 
 
 Index. 
 
 INDEX TO PICTORIAL ADDENDA. 
 
 Addenda, Pictorial, 311. 
 
 Bachelor, Rev. Stephen, 312. 
 
 Churches and ministers, 311, 312, 313. SU- 
 
 Cobbet, Rev. Thomas, 311. 
 
 Cooke, Rev. Parsons, 314. 
 
 Dwellings, style of, 318, 319, 320, 321. 
 
 Flagg, Dr. John, 319. 
 
 Forest Place, (Stickney's Hill,) 322, 323. 
 
 Gambrel-roof houses, 319. 
 
 Gates, Lawyer, his office, 314. 
 
 Gray, Judge Horace, 320 ; William, 320, 
 
 Lee, Jesse, 314. 
 
 Lynn, views in, 323, 325, 327. 
 
 Lynnmere, (Mineral spring precinct,) 325 
 
 Meeting Houses. See Churches. 
 
 Methodism, cradle of, 315. 
 
 Mudge, Enoch R., 314, 321. 
 
 Old Tunnel meeting-house, 312. 
 
 Peters, Hugh, 311. 
 
 Pictorial Addenda, 311. 
 
 Picturesque Lynn, 322, 323, 325, 327. 
 
 Public buildings, 315. 
 
 Rail-road stations, 316. 
 
 Rebecca Nurse house, 318. 
 
 Shoemakers' shop, unique, 313. 
 
 Shoe-manufactories and shops, 316, 317. 
 
 Town House, the old, 315. 
 
 Views in Lynn, 323, 325, 327. 
 
 Williams, Roger, 320. 
 
 Witch house, 320. 
 
 OLD TIME SHOEMAKERS AT WORK. 
 
 [Seejiage 316.] 
 
PICTORIAL ADDENDA. 
 
 A FEW closing pages may, without doubt to the acceptance 
 of the reader, be devoted to a limited number of pictorial illus- 
 trations, such as cannot fail, in a manner clearer than words, to 
 elucidate certain matters pertaining to our history, which it is 
 well not to overlook. It is interesting to compare one period 
 with another ; and not only interesting but highly useful ; for 
 by such means we are enabled to discern what progress has 
 been made — upward or downward. We need no Shakspeare or 
 Hogarth to demonstrate that " Progress " may be pictorially 
 represented. The intelligent .reader will not be at a loss to 
 perceive our purpose in the character and arrangement of the 
 engravings. Most of the subjects have at least been alluded to 
 in the foregoing pages ; and each cut will be accompanied by 
 such remarks or catch-lines as may seem necessary for a full 
 understanding. 
 
 This graphic little illustra- 
 tion was in fact drawn for the 
 first meeting-house in Boston ; 
 but it can hardly fail to answer 
 as well for the first in Lynn — 
 that in which the venerated 
 Whiting so long ministered, 
 and that, too, in which the 
 stirring voice of Cobbet so 
 frequently resounded. The fiery Hugh Peters, also, though 
 minister of the church in the neighboring settlement of Salem, 
 no doubt often appeared within those unadorned walls, and by 
 his rugged eloquence and undaunted zeal in confronting every 
 approach of tyranny towards these shores, did much to inflame 
 
 (311) 
 
 THE FIRST MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
312 
 
 Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 the patriotism of the little flock of toilers who gathered there ; 
 little dreaming that that generation would not pass away ere his 
 own severed head would be mounted on London bridge as a 
 ghastly warning to all who dared to labor for the subordination 
 of regal claims to human rights. We do not know the precise 
 date at which this humble house was reared. The first minister, 
 Rev. Stephen Bachelor, came in 1632 ; but meetings had been 
 somewhere held before his arrival. The forlorn little struc- 
 ture stood in a hollow, on the east side of Shepard street, near 
 the present Summer street crossing ; and for protection against 
 the wintry blasts was placed partly under ground. Even dwel- 
 lings were at first sometimes so placed, for the same reason. 
 
 The famous edifice so long known by the expressive though 
 rather inelegant sobriquet of " Old Tunnel," succeeded this 
 primitive structure. It stood on the latitudinal centre of the 
 bleak, unfenced Common, about opposite the entrance of the 
 present Whiting street, and its graceful proportions are here 
 faithfully delineated. 
 
 OLD TUNNEL MEETING-HOUSE. 1682 — 1827. 
 
Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 313 
 
 The Old Tunnel was built in 1682, and within its walls the 
 ardent, almost ferocious patriot, Shepard, ministered for nearly 
 forty years. There, too. Henchman, Treadwell, Parsons, Thacher, 
 Hurd, and Rockwood, exercised their gifts. About it the military 
 were wont to assemble, and the effect of the unrestrained flow 
 of " strong water," at the booths erected against the very walls, 
 was apparent in bloody noses and torn garments. After the 
 removal of the house, the unique belfry was transformed into a 
 cozy little shoemakers' shop, and remained a picturesque object, 
 near High Rock, till destroyed by fire, on the 2Sth of March, 1849. 
 
 In 1837, the house of worship shown in the following engrav- 
 ing, was erected on South Common street, corner of Vine. 
 
 FIRST PARISH MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
314 Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 This was the house in which the redoubtable Dr. Parsons 
 Cooke for about a quarter of a century exercised his high-keyed 
 elocution in fervid warning to his own flock, and his keen 
 power of vituperation in illustrating the blemishes in other Chris- 
 tian bodies. It was entirely destroyed by fire on the evening 
 of Christmas day, 1870. The site was soon occupied, by the 
 much more stately brick edifice which is now the spiritual 
 anchorage of this ancient parish. And all will agree that if the 
 spiritual growth of this our elder worshiping body has been 
 commensurate with the architectural progress, its heavenward 
 advancement has not been inconsiderable. 
 
 The foregoing, in connection with the others referred to, are 
 sufficient to give a pretty good idea of the improvement in eccle- 
 siastical architecture here. There are now several very fine 
 and costly churches in Lynn — St. Stephen's Memorial Church, 
 a picture of which may be found on a leaf preceding the title- 
 page being the most costly and in its features and appoint- 
 ments, perhaps the most perfect and beautiful. It was erected 
 by the late Enoch Redington Mudge at an expense of about 
 ^250.000. By turning to page 260 the reader will find a view 
 of old St. Stephen's, the first Protestant Episcopal Church ever 
 built here. 
 
 Methodism took root in Lynn at an early period of its propa- 
 gation, and has continued to flourish, in what appears to be a 
 genial soil. The first service was held by Rev. Jesse Lee, in 
 December, 1790. It was commenced in the house of Joseph 
 Johnson, which stood on the north-east side of Market street, a 
 few rods from Essex, but for lack of room was adjourned to a 
 neighboring barn. This Johnson house was the same that many 
 of our elder people will remember as that in which " Old Gates," 
 as he was called, had his law office for some time, and in which 
 Hilton and Nevvcomb subsequently kept their furniture store. 
 
 The first Methodist society was organized in February, 1791 — 
 about two months after Mr. Lee's coming ; and in about four 
 months after the organization, they erected a house of worship, 
 which is said to have been the first of the order in Massachu- 
 setts. This was succeeded, in 1813, by the one which now 
 makes a part of Lee Hall building, on Park square. The fine 
 brick structure on the other side of the same square, is the So- 
 
Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 31S 
 
 ciety's present place of worship. The " Cradle of Methodism," 
 as the old Johnson house has been called, is here depicted. 
 
 OLD JOHNSON HOUSE, MARKET STREET, LYNN. 
 
 The "Cradle of Methodism." 
 
 The buildings erected in Lynn, for municipal uses, till within 
 a few years, were of a character almost deserving the epithet 
 bestowed by some of our amiable neighbors — shabby. But we 
 have now some of the finest and most costly in the state. Our 
 present City Hall is the admiration of every citizen — excepting, 
 perhaps, a few jejune tax-pa3'ers — and so are our school and 
 engine houses. The City Hall appears on a page before the title, 
 and here we place the old Town House, as in blushing contrast. 
 
 OLD TOWN HOUSE, LYNN. 
 
 Built in 1814 — Destroyed by fire in 1864. 
 
3i6 
 
 Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 Next we present an engraving of the first rail-road depot in 
 Lynn ; and a poor little one it was, as will be seen. It was 
 erected by the Eastern Rail-road Company as soon as they were 
 ready for travel, in 1838, and stood on the north-west side of the 
 track, occupying as much of the site of the present brick and 
 iron station, in Central Square, as its diminutive proportions 
 required. Half a dozen trains or so of small cars, not much 
 larger than old-fashion stage-coaches, and like them opening 
 only at the sides, passed up and down daily ; and the freight 
 transportation was but a fraction of what it now is. After ten 
 years' service it was in 1848 succeeded by the more capacious 
 and convenient but hardly more tasteful brick station, of which 
 a picture may be seen on page 40 ; and this latter, in 1872, gave 
 place to the well-appointed station that now adorns the Square. 
 
 FIRST RAIL-ROAD STATION lU LYNN. 
 Central Square, 1838. 
 
 For a hundred and fifty years shoe-manufacturing has been the 
 leading mechanical industry of Lynn, and till within a few years, 
 ,the work was done by hand ; the buildings required were small 
 and very common in their appointments ; but when ponderous 
 machinery was introduced substantial and capacious structures 
 began to appear. While the work was done by hand, the shoes 
 were cut out in small buildings occupied by the " bosses," and 
 thence taken by the "jours" to their own little shops, made 
 up and returned. These shops were to be seen in all quarters, 
 for they rather affected positions whence the incomings and 
 outgoings of neighbors could be observed ; and the sprightlv 
 music of the lapstone and hammer was well-nigh ceaseless. 
 In the picture of Market street, which precedes the title- 
 
Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 317 
 
 page of this volume, several which adorned that thorough- 
 fare are seen. But hardly any of these interesting historical 
 dots now remain. The great brick factories loom up triumph- 
 antly and the hoarse voice of the steam-driven machinery pro- 
 claims invention's conquest. The two following are fair speci- 
 mens of our modern manufactories. 
 
 MODERN SHOE-MANUFACTORY, LYNN. 
 Exchange Street Block. 
 
 MODERN SHOE-MANUFACTORY, LYNN. 
 
 Sweetser Building, corner of Washington and Oxford Streets. 
 
3i8 
 
 Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 Allusions have been made in former pages to the style of dwel- 
 lings common in earlier times. Of course the taste, means, and 
 ambition of individuals had a controlling influence in given cases ; 
 but yet there were certain characteristics marking the ordinary 
 erections. In some instances the habitations, of the poorer 
 classes especially, were placed partially under ground, for shelter 
 from the cold ; while others, more desirous of the cheering sun- 
 light, dotted the clearings and enlivened the acclivities ; but in 
 most cases they were rude and unadorned ; not indeed more 
 elegant than the one here represented. 
 
 AN EARLY DWELLING-HOUSE. 
 
 A little later on, we find the style of building adopted by many 
 of the well-to-do folk like that represented by the following cut 
 of the well-known Rebecca Nurse house. , 
 
 BEBBCOA NUBSB'S HOUSE. 
 
Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 319 
 
 In various parts of Lynn, now dilapidated specimens of the 
 foregoing style are to be seen, and many have disappeared within 
 the recollection of the writer. In our view of Market street, 
 preceding the title-page, one or two may be observed. The 
 Nurse house is famous in our county annals, and has a deeply 
 touching history. Mrs. Nurse was a woman of many virtues 
 and much beloved by her neighbors ; yet she fell a victim to the 
 witchcraft infatuation, and was executed for the supposed crime, 
 meeting her ignominious death like a true Christian heroine. 
 
 The gambrel-roof house soon appeared, though it is hard 
 to see what special recommendation it had. Perhaps it was 
 thought picturesque ; and it was somewhat so, when amid sur- 
 roundings like those represented in the engraving here given, 
 which was drawn from an ancient house in Norfolk county. 
 
 AN ANCIENT GAMBREL-ROOF HOUSE. 
 
 A neat example of this style may be seen on Marion street, 
 in the historic Dr. Flagg or William Gray house. It was there 
 that Dr. Flagg, a learned man as well as skillful physician and 
 ardent revolutionary patriot lived ; and there, too, Lieutenant 
 
320 
 
 Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 Governor Gray, famed in his day as the most wealthy man in 
 New England, was born. He was grandfather of Judge Horace 
 Gray, at present an associate justice on the bench of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, and late chief justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Massachusetts. Another and rougher example of this 
 style of building is the " Uncle Jed " house, as it was called 
 sixty or seventy years ago — on Boston street, corner of Kirt- 
 land. Our Market street view also exhibits a specimen. 
 
 As has been intimated, there was, in early times, here and 
 there a residence widely differing from the generality, in costli- 
 ness and elegance. One of the most notable, of whatever degree, 
 in this vicinity, is the " old witch house," so called, still stand- 
 ing in Essex street, Salem, at the corner of North. There was, 
 as builders say, " a good deal of work in it ; " a fact made evident 
 by the picture here given. 
 
 OLD WITCH HOUSE. 
 
 This is also sometimes called the Roger Williams house, and 
 has an uncommonly interesting history, having been the resi- 
 dence, as early as 1636, of the persecuted divine just named — 
 Roger Williams — who for his invading religious opinions and 
 progressive political principles was compelled, during the dark 
 days of winter, to flee for rest to the savage but yet more 
 hospitable Narragansett country, beyond the: colonial jurisdiction, 
 where he founded the plantation that finally became the state 
 of Rhode Island. The name "witch house," arose from the 
 circumstance that beneath its roof some of the witchcraft exam- 
 inations, in 1692, are alleged to have taken place. 
 
 But it is not expedient to travel much into places beyond our 
 own borders for illustrative examples. 
 
Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 321 
 
 For a period reaching back far beyond the time to which any 
 man's memory extends, the cheap, unadorned cottage, or plain, 
 one-story dwelling, has been common in Lynn, with those of 
 limited means. And since that poor man's godsend, the street 
 rail-road, has been extended to the out-lying neighborhoods, such 
 have sprung up in increased numbers. It is a grand thing for a 
 man to own his home, be it ever so humble. It makes him a 
 better citizen — more fixed in his habits, more contented, and 
 more ambitious to maintain a creditable position. An example 
 of this kind of habitation may be seen on page 166. But Lynn 
 has homes of all grades, and is not deficient in the sumptuous 
 class concomitant to wealth and gentility. 
 
 ELMWOOD. 
 
 Country Residence of the late Hon. E. R. Mudge. 
 
 The above is a picture of the beautiful summer home of the 
 late eminent merchant and highly respected citizen, Hon. E. R. 
 Mudge, and that in which he died, with such startling suddenness, 
 on the first day of October, 1881. There are residences in Lynn 
 
 21 
 
322 Pictorial Addenda. 
 
 of probably greater cost, but none, it is believed, that indicate 
 more refined taste or are more attractive in surroundings. 
 But our illustrated "annex" must not exceed due limits. 
 
 The rapidity with which the vacant territory of Lynn is being 
 occupied, warns us that few years will elapse before most of the 
 beauty and romance of her surroundings will be extinguished. 
 There are competent artists among us who would be glad to 
 apply their skill to the preservation of scenes which to us of this 
 day are sources of so much enjoyment, and which by those of 
 future generations would be viewed with ten-fold delight. But 
 artists, as a rule, are not overburdened with this world's goods, 
 and are seldom able to labor without the cheering hope of some 
 pecuniary reward. And it may well be lamented that so few 
 of those who would fain be reckoned among the wealthy and 
 cultured have little taste for rich adornments of the character 
 here alluded to, or any thought of employing a small amount 
 of their substance for the gratification of those who in future 
 years- may occupy this goodly heritage. 
 
 On the three following leaves are re-produced — for they appear 
 in our 1865 edition — illustrations which preserve at least a 
 glimpse of what has been. They are from faithful sketches 
 made for the writer, in 1864. 
 
 " Forest Place " has already been shorn of its most attractive 
 features — groves and shady walks have disappeared, and high- 
 ways and by-ways, with ambitious habitations,, intruded. See 
 page 33. And even the Point of Pines — recognizable by the 
 house and flag-staff in the distance — has yielded to the march 
 of improvement, and become an alluring resort. See page 244. 
 
 " Lynnmere " retains many of her old-time charms ; and when 
 shorn of her natural beauties her interesting history will survive. 
 
 The view represented by the other picture, and our last, has 
 undergone but comparatively little change. The point from 
 which it was taken being a sort of rocky fastness has withstood 
 the invading march of the destroyer. But the vacant lands 
 in front are already penetrated by streets ; house-lots are staked 
 out and dwellings appearing. The rear lands, however, remain 
 almost unchanged ; and old ocean still perfects the view — ^old 
 ocean, ever changing, ever grand, in sunshine and in storm. 
 

 
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ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 THE HISTORY OF LYNN, by Alonzo Lewis and 
 James R. Newhall, published in 1865, forms a royal octavo 
 volume, of 620 pages, and gives the history of the place, in 
 the form of Annals, from the beginning of the settlement, in 
 1629, to the close of the year 1864. Added to the chronicle 
 of events are notices of representative persons, and descriptive 
 passages on the natural history, topography, etc., of the region. 
 
 THE 1883 VOLUME, by James R. Newhall, continues 
 the Annals down to the close of 1882: has chapters of 
 Biographical Sketches and Miscellaneous Notes : also an 
 extended Chronological Table. It embraces 327 pages, cor- 
 responding in size and general st3'le with those of the 1865 
 edition. 
 
 *5K* Both volumes take historical notice of Lynnfield, Saugus, 
 Swampscott, and Nahatit, are Pictorially Illustrated, and 
 together are believed to give a full and reliable account of the 
 natural features of our territory, and all remarkable events that 
 have here trattspired ; tiot overlooking persons of distinguishing 
 characteristics — the meritorious and the eccentric. 
 
 The price of the 1865 volume is $4.50, and of the 1883, $3.00 — both in substan- 
 tial and handsome binding. But the two together may be had for $6.50. 
 
 LIN: or. Jewels of the Third Plantation. This is a 
 volume of 500 pages, by the last named writer — a second 
 and enlarged edition having appeared in 1880 — and is devoted 
 to the legendary and romantic side of our history. Numerous 
 occurrences and exploits — humorous, pathetic, and strange — 
 come under notice in its pages. The price is now ^2.00. 
 But this volume, and the two preceding ones, if all purchased 
 together, may be had for ^7.50. 
 
 Those desiring copies of the above, can, by applying to the undersigned, by 
 
 postal card, or otherwise, have them sent to any address. 
 
 JAMES R. NEWHALL. 
 Lynn, Mass., Feb. 14, 1883. 
 
It might be pardonable, for the purpose of indicating to 
 the venturesome purchaser the manner in which the former 
 volumes have been received, to append a few of the many favor- 
 able notices that have appeared in the public journals. As to 
 the first named work, however, it has been so long before the 
 public, is so well known, and its value so satisfactorily guaran- 
 teed by the name of Mr. Lewis, that none of the numerous 
 expressions of approval need be here reproduced. And the 
 " 1883 Volume," now in the hands of the reader, must be left to 
 speak for itself But " Lin," considering its peculiar scope and 
 purpose, may be thought a little more dependent on extrinsic 
 recognition. 
 
 From Notices of the First Edition. 
 
 New York Evening Post : The author has improved the opportunity to give us 
 some very readable and pleasant chapters. 
 
 New York Traveller: A literary work of great merit. 
 
 New York Atlas: A more thoroughly enjoyable book is rarely to be met with. 
 
 Boston Post: The work is original, fresh, quaint, well worth reading, and will be 
 read. 
 
 Salem Observer : A work of much more than ordinary interest. 
 
 Zynn Reporter: We think that no one who is fortunate enough to obtain a copy 
 of this book will differ with us in the opinion that it possesses rare interest. 
 
 Lynn Bay State : The author's style is very felicitous and his pen-pictures are so 
 tersely and beautifully drawn that all readers must admire them. 
 
 From. Notices of the Second Edition. 
 Boston Journal: This is a volume to delight people who are interested in local 
 history. 
 
 Boston Saturday Evening Gazette : The work is unique in character. . — full 
 
 of pleasing and effective narration. 
 
 Boston Transcript: It is certain that he [the au'thor] is himself well read in our 
 own early history, alike in its documentary sources and in the many modern digests 
 of it. He has a most liberal and appreciative spiiit, a rich vein of humor, a power 
 of discerning underlying principles and motives in character and actions, and a 
 hearty love of all the quaint and eccentric ways in which originality and sincerity 
 may manifest themselves. There are passages of tender pathos, of gentle sympathy 
 and of delicate delineation in his volume which remind us of similar qualities in 
 Irving's " Sketch Book " and other works. . , . Whoever reads his pages will 
 find in them true history with lively comments, occasional satirical touches, and 
 well-drawn but not obtrusive moralizing. The Old Burying Ground, the Old Tunnel 
 Meeting House and the Anchor Tavern afford central points for some very delightful 
 and graphic draughts and portraitures of the serious, the sad and the rollicking 
 elements wrought into the shows and realities of the stage on which men, women 
 and children were actors, in what we call simple times. 
 

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