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 S136 
 
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Cornell University Library 
 NAC 6827 .S136A41 
 
 3 1924 024 421 038 
 
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 Library 
 
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 the Cornell University Library. 
 
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 CITY OF ST. LOUIS. 
 
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 [REPORT OF THE 
 
 Kingshighway Commission. 
 
 March, 1903. 
 
 GEORGE B. IvElGHTON, Chairman. 
 JOHN D. DAVIS. FRANK I,. RIDGEI.Y. 
 
 JUUUS PITZMAN, Secretary. CHAS. VARREI.MAN. 
 
 GEORGE E. KESSI^ER, Landscape Architect. 
 

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EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, 
 MAYOR'S OFFICE. 
 
 St. Louis, June 3d, 1902. 
 
 To THE Honorable 
 
 The Municipal Assembly, 
 
 St. Louis. 
 
 Gentlemen : With a view of constructing a boulevard 
 and pleasure drive, which will be most appropriately located, 
 and believing that unless an effort is made within the near 
 future to accomplish this result, owing to the rapid settle- 
 ment of our city, the opportunity will be lost, I recommend 
 to your honorable body that you authorize the appointment 
 of a commission of three citizens, which shall be known as 
 the Kingshighway Commission, whose duty it shall be to act 
 in conjunction with the Honorable Street and Park Com- 
 missioners, in devising means and suggesting to the Honor- 
 able Board of Public Improvements a plan for the permanent 
 improvement of Kingshighway throughout its entire length, 
 thereby paving the way for the ultimate improvement of said 
 Kingshighway, Which will not only provide an attractive 
 boulevard and pleasure drive, but will be a continuous con- 
 nection between Carondelet, Forest, O' Fallon Parks and the 
 Cemeteries. 
 
 It cannot be expected, neither is it the intention, that 
 such improvement can be consummated within a short period, 
 but having a well-defined plan for the improvement of the 
 boulevard in its entirety, such improvement can be brought 
 about in sections, as time and means will justify, so that 
 ultimately the entire boulevard will be completed in such 
 manner as will be uniform in design and attractiveness. 
 
 Believing that we have in our midst citizens amply 
 qualified to serve on such a commission, and that such 
 interest will be aroused as to justify such service without com- 
 pensation, I recommend that no salaries be paid. 
 
For the purpose of assisting the commission in making 
 the aforesaid recommendations, I suggest that an appropria- 
 tion of not more than two thousand dollars be made, to be 
 utilized in the employment of the best available profes- 
 sional engineering and architectural talent. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 Roi<i,A Wells, 
 
 Mayor. 
 
 20,760. 
 
 A.n ordinance creating Kingshighway 
 Commission and appropriating two thousand 
 dollars for the expenses thereof. 
 
 Be it ordained by the Municipal Assembly of the City of St. 
 Louis, as follows: 
 
 Section 1. There is hereby created a commission, to 
 be known as Kingshighway Boulevard Commission, 
 which shall be composed of three citizens of the city of 
 St. Louis, who shall be appointed by the Mayor, and who 
 shall serve without compensation. 
 
 Sbg. 2. It shall be the duty of Kingshighway Com- 
 mission, acting in conjunction with the Street Com- 
 missioner and Park Cctaimissioner, to devise means, 
 methods and plans for the permanent improvement of 
 Kingshighway as a continuous and attractive boulevard 
 and drive connecting Carondelet, Forest and O'Pallon 
 Parks and the Cemeteries, and report their suggestions 
 and recommendations to the Board of Public Improve- 
 ments. Said commission is hereby authorized to employ 
 the services of the best available professional engineer- 
 ing and architectural talent to assist them in their work, 
 at a cost not exceeding two thousand dollars. 
 
 Sec. 3. There is hereby appropriated and set apart 
 out of municipal revenue the sum of two thousand dollars, 
 to be designated "Kingshighway Boulevard Commission 
 Fund," to defray expenses of said commission. 
 
 Approved July 12th, 1902. 
 
KINGSHIGHVVAY C0K1MISS10N 
 
 ■*<^ MAP ©«- 
 
 belATiOm of KINGSMiGHV 
 TEBIES or TRAVEL IN THC 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 SHOWIMG THE BELATlOM OF KINGSM-iHWAV TO THE 
 (WIAIN ARTEBIES or TRAVEL IN TH C CiTV OF 
 
Introduction. 
 
 "The life history of humanity has proved nothing more 
 clearly than that crowded populations, if they would live in 
 health and happiness, must have space for air, for light, for 
 exercise, for rest, and for enjoyment of that peaceful beauty of 
 nature which, because it is the opposite of the noisy ugliness 
 of towns, is so wonderfully refreshing to the tired souls of 
 townspeople." 
 
 Such was the introduction written by Charles Eliot, land- 
 scape architect, in the first report on the Metropolitan Park 
 Commission of Boston, just ten years ago. What has been 
 accomplished in park development in that community is, 
 therefore, the work of but ten years. Will the people of St. 
 Ivouis rise to the opportunities — may we not say the necessi- 
 ties — that lie before them, and be able to show within a decade 
 in any due proportion what is to be found around the amphi- 
 theatre of hills in the centre of which is the city of Boston? 
 
 The direct purpose of the Kingshighway Commission is 
 to show how the parks of St. I^ouis may be tied together and 
 so become one system, susceptible of the greatest enjoyment 
 and use by all classes of people. Parks, public playgrounds 
 and parkways, which are the connecting links between parks, 
 are recognized to-day as essential in a municipality, and in all 
 cases they have been, and must be, constructed and maintained 
 by the municipality itself. For the healthfulness of the great 
 masses of our population who are unable, as a whole, to leave 
 the city in times of summer heat, and as a proper recreation 
 ground for them on holidays and the many half -holidays of 
 the year, they fully justify their cost and maintenance. 
 
 St. lyouis is showing its increasing love for out-of-door 
 life in numerous ways. Compare the former light attendance 
 in Forest Park with the crowds which now assemble there on 
 a Sunday or a holiday. In this climate for four months of 
 the year it is possible to live much out of doors. 
 
6 
 
 In laying out a park system with connecting parkways it 
 is obviously necessary that the natural conditions of topog- 
 raphy should be considered carefully. This has been done 
 in Boston and Kansas City, and in the work contemplated here 
 in St. Ivouis, we believe that the study of these natural condi- 
 tions will show the ready adaptability of the park system and 
 parkways as suggested by this commission. The hills and 
 valleys west of the city present rolling country easily suscep- 
 tible of increased park development. We have on the river 
 at the northern and southern extremities of the city highlands 
 or bluffs overlooking the Illinois shore, but the river itself 
 cannot be utilized for pleasure purposes ; therefore facilities 
 for such other public recreation as driving, bicycling, a speed- 
 way, and the like, should be developed. 
 
 The ordinance under which this commission submits its 
 report calls for a detailed plan of the proposed parkway from 
 O' Fallon Park to Carondelet Park. The commission submits 
 a plan for the improvement of this parkway and an approxi- 
 mation of the cost thereof. In addition to the requirements of 
 the ordinance, the commission has gone farther, and shown 
 the desirability of further future development of the parkways, 
 part of which may not be built immediately, but the rights of 
 way should be acquired without delay. 
 
 The city of St. lyouis, in general, lies in the shape of an 
 ellipse, the river being the eastern boundary and the city 
 limits, the western. All of the parks lie east of the western 
 city limits ; Kingshighway is but a little west of the north 
 and south axis. A study of the map shows the important 
 ways of communication leading from the city's center to 
 Kingshighway, beginning on the north, Broadway, in 
 general parallel to the river, then the Natural Bridge Road, 
 then Cass and Easton Avenues, and I<indell Avenue west- 
 ward, Gravois Road to the southwest, and again, south, 
 Broadway, in general parallel to the river. The proposed 
 parkway crosses all these avenues of communication, and, in 
 connection with Grand Avenue, which is now being rapidly 
 improved, ties together the heretofore comparatively isolated 
 districts. 
 
This is eminently the time to plan the work of establish- 
 ing such a parkway. Property is not yet so valuable in 
 proximity to the suggested lines that it cannot be acquired, 
 where necessary, at reasonable prices, and no doubt much 
 property required for increased width of roadway or for parks 
 could be obtained by donation, because of increased value to 
 the adjacent property. In later years it will not be possible 
 to treat the problem to such good advantage, or in such an 
 ■ unrestricted way. Then, too, we are about to commemorate 
 the acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase by the Union, and 
 what more fitting and lasting memorial for all time can there 
 be than the improvement and beautifying of the old colonial 
 Kingshighway? At the Chain of Rocks the problem will 
 simply be to make accessible the natural beauties of the 
 place. Then, at the river bluff, near the south end, man 
 need add to existing natural beauties but little. 
 
 Across the river, opposite these termini on the river 
 bluff, lie the American Bottoms, famous for the production of 
 bounteous crops, and these rich, alluvial lands are likely to 
 remain in cultivation indefinitely, rather than become manu- 
 facturing sites; and thus assure an extended view to the 
 picturesque Illinois bluffs. As one overlooks the river the 
 picture suggests at once what the great river and valley of 
 the Mississippi have been and still are to the United States. 
 From the Chain of Rocks Alton is in full view, and from the 
 southern terminus Cahokia, the old French village, which a 
 hundred years ago was much larger than St. Louis, is in 
 full sight. 
 
 We have something of a residential district in the far 
 south of the city, an important one in the southwest, another 
 due west, and a less important one in the northwest. Here- 
 tofore it has been rather impracticable to drive from one 
 to the other without entering the city as far as Grand Avenue. 
 The proposed parkway will not only tie the parks together, 
 but also the residential districts. Other cities have met the 
 same conditions by a plan similar to that herein proposed, 
 and such a parkway has added materially to the value of real 
 estate throughout these cities. We can cite the example of 
 
8 
 
 Kansas City as showing such an increase in property values 
 adjoining the parkways and boulevards. The actual con- 
 struction of connecting parkways here will not be so expen- 
 sive as in Kansas City, because only very light grading is 
 required, and the only important and costly structure on the 
 entire system is the viaduct south of Forest Park. 
 
 It has occurred to the commission that here is an oppor- 
 tunity to make a structure to fittingly commemorate the his- 
 tory of St. I<ouis. Kingshighway was itself the old colonial 
 road which divided the domain of the king from that of the 
 municipality. How fitting it is at this time to beautify this 
 old road, and to place on the bridge statues and embellish- 
 ments suggestive of our early history. We might have some- 
 thing commemorative of Marquette and Joliet, the first white 
 men who reached the Mississippi in 1680, under orders from 
 IvaSalle; and of St. Ange de Belrieve, who commanded Fort 
 Chartes; then again of Tah-Hrin-Sca, the great chief of the 
 Osages, one of the few Indians who lived in this country of 
 whom we know anything; and again, of Piernas, the first 
 Spanish governor. 
 
 A city without pleasure and recreation grounds is like a 
 home without adornment. If people are to remain in our city 
 when their means enable them to reside elsewhere, if so dis- 
 posed, how are we to retain them unless the city offers some - 
 thing in which they can feel a civic pride? The opportunity 
 is here, if our citizens will but take hold and show the desire 
 and enthusiasm necessary to carry out the plan suggested, 
 and have the willingness and show the disposition to spend 
 the comparatively small sum of money needed. 
 
 The commission believes that when these facts are placed 
 clearly before the people, the answer will not fail to be that 
 the work is worth doing and worth doing well. 
 
Recommendations . 
 
 The Kingshighway Commission, created under the 
 provisions of ordinance No. 20,760, approved July 12th, 
 1902, is required "to devise means, methods and plans 
 for the permanent improvement of Kingshighway" as a 
 parkway connecting Carondelet Park, Forest Park, O' Fallon 
 Park and Bellefontaine and Calvary cemeteries. 
 
 Immediately after appointment the commission met and 
 organized, by electing Mr. George B. Iveighton, Chairman, 
 and Mr. Julius Pitzman, Secretary. During the summer 
 months the individual members of this commission visited 
 the larger Eastern cities and Kansas City for the purpose of 
 studying the treatment of similar problems, and familiarizing 
 themselves with the work in hand. 
 
 Appointment of Landscape Architect. 
 
 Subsequently, in the autumn, the commission decided to 
 employ Mr. George E. Kessler, of Kansas City, as landscape 
 architect. 
 
 The report of the landscape architect and the plans ac - 
 companying it embrace the streets and private lands which 
 your commission recommends should be acquired and imr 
 proved, and in the following paragraphs we wish to call par- 
 ticular attention to specific features not fully covered in that 
 report. 
 
 Improvement of Kingshighway fcctween 
 Forest Park and Tower Grove Park. 
 
 By reason of its proximity to the central portion of the 
 city, the commission first agreed upon the plan for the 
 improvement of Kingshighway from Forest Park to Tower 
 Grove Park. 
 
 We approve, with some modification, the scheme of 
 improvement of the drive along the eastern boundary of 
 
10 
 
 Forest Park, already partly executed, and the plan for which 
 had, years ago, been prepared by the commission appointed 
 under the act establishing Forest Park, of which commission 
 Andrew McKinley was president, Julius Pitzman chief engi- 
 neer, and Maximilian E. Kern landscape gardener. 
 
 We desire, however, to call attention to the fact that, 
 after the drive along the eastern boundary of the park was 
 built, the city permitted the crossing over the Wabash Rail- 
 road to be raised four and one -half feet. The summit created 
 by this change will prove very detrimental when the drive is 
 fully improved, and we therefore recommend its correction. 
 
 Adjoining this section of the boulevard the park has 
 been very poorly treated, when its possibilities are considered, 
 and the overgrown shrubs should be removed and vistas 
 opened up, to afford extended views into the park from the 
 highway. 
 
 The district nearest to Kingshighway containing the 
 bluffs on both sides of the River des Peres is unquestionably 
 the most picturesque portion of the park, and, as it is nearest 
 the best residence district and to the center of the city, it 
 should be made accessible for pedestrians and attractive to 
 lovers of nature. 
 
 The boulevard along the east front of the park was 
 planned to afford people, after driving through the park, an 
 opportunity to congregate and meet their friends. The con- 
 course of vehicles of all descriptions and pedestrians at 
 this place, after sunset, would make the scene an exceedingly 
 attractive one, if brilliantly lighted, and we therefore recom- 
 mend that ornamental lamps be erected here. 
 
 If in later years it should be found desirable to erect 
 monuments for the commemoration of historic events or 
 personages, the most appropriate location would be on the 
 west side of the boulevard in front of Forest Park, with 
 heavy groups of shrubs and trees as a background. 
 
 Gjnstruction of Viaducts across the 
 Railways and Business Streets. 
 
 The traffic of that section of the city from Kingshigh- 
 way to the city limits, south of Forest Park, and also the 
 
11 
 
 traffic of the central part of St. I^ouis County tributary to 
 Manchester Road, crosses Kingshighway. The land on 
 both sides of the Missouri Pacific and the St. Louis & San 
 Francisco Railways is now and will hereafter be extensively 
 used for- manufacturing purposes, and it is therefore necessary 
 to use viaducts to cross Manchester Road, the railways, and 
 other streets that will be required for general traffic. The 
 plan here recommended will require the erection of heavy 
 retaining walls for the boulevard and the establishment 
 on either side of streets for general traffic, about thirty -six 
 feet in width. These streets should be built on a grade 
 following practically the present surface from the southeast 
 corner of Forest Park to Manchester Road and the rail- 
 ways, and ascending southwardly to the summit, near 
 Shaw Avenue. The opening of these streets for general 
 traffic is necessary, as otherwise the land abutting King's 
 Highway, when the viaduct is built at an elevation of nine- 
 teen feet above Manchester Road and thirty -six feet above 
 the railways, would be deprived of an outlet; failure to build 
 these streets would make the city liable for damages. 
 
 Viaduct Plans. 
 
 The plan for the general arrangement of the viaduct was 
 submitted to the St. lyouis Chapter of the American Insti 
 tute of Architects, and their design, showing the architectural 
 plan of the viaduct and bridge, is submitted, together with 
 plans kindly prepared by the St. Louis Architectural Club. 
 We desire to express our thanks to both organizations for the 
 valuable services rendered, and for the evidence of their hearty 
 co-operation in the effort to beautify our city, and to create a 
 "New St. Louis." 
 
 Shaw Avenue, connectingf King's Highway 
 with Compton Hill Reservoir Park. 
 
 The widening of Shaw Avenue is recommended for the 
 reason that it is the northern boundary of the Missouri Botan- 
 ical Garden and furnishes direct connection with Compton 
 Hill Reservoir Park. It is eighty feet wide from Grand Ave- 
 
12 
 
 nue to Old Manchester Road, and should be made of uniform 
 width westwardly to Kingshighway. 
 
 The Shaw Strip. 
 
 The strip of land 200 feet in width surrounding Tower 
 Grove Park is held by the city in trust for the benefit and sup- 
 port of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and the commission, in 
 order to extend Tower Grove Park to Kingshighway, recom- 
 mends the acquisition, by lease or purchase, of that portion 
 of this land, extending from Magnolia Avenue to Arsenal 
 Street, a strip 200 feet in width. 
 
 The Soothern Extension to Carondelet Park. 
 
 King's Highway, from Shaw Avenue to the intersection 
 with Gravois Road, near Loughborough Avenue, is 100 feet 
 wide, but as the St. Louis Transit Company has a franchise for 
 street railroad thereon between Old Manchester Road and 
 Devonshire Avenue, we recommend the widening of Kings - 
 highway as far as Devonshire Avenue to a width of 150 feet. 
 If a new street is opened east or west of Kingshighway the 
 Transit Company should be induced to remove its tracks to 
 such street. 
 
 Acquisition of Land for a Park. 
 
 To break the monotony of a long drive of approximately 
 uniform width, we recommend the acquisition of about forty - 
 six acres of land east of Kingshighway, owned by the 
 Christy Fire Clay Company. It is situated between Pernod 
 Road and Nottingham Avenue, and it is about 3700 feet long 
 by about 550 feet wide. It lies from one to twenty feet below 
 the grade of Kingshighway; very rugged and broken, but 
 if properly treated it would make an attractive terminus for a 
 short drive from the central part of town. Unless this tract 
 of land is so acquired for park purposes it will unquestionably 
 be used for manufacturing plants, or for the erection of shan- 
 ties. Should it be used for such purposes, the damage to the 
 parkway will far exceed the present value of the forty -six 
 acres. 
 
13 
 
 From Devonshire Avenue 
 to Carondelet Park. 
 
 From Devonshire Avenue, or Southampton subdivision, 
 southwardly, we recommend the acquisition of a strip of land 
 about one mile in length and 250 to 300 feet in width, follow- 
 ing a deep valley across Gravois Road to a point on Kansas 
 Avenue about one -third of a mile west of the northwest 
 corner of Carondelet Park. Winding drives could be laid 
 out through this heavily wooded park strip, an improvement 
 similar in design to the beautiful Charles River drive in 
 Boston. 
 
 From the intersection with Kansas Avenue it is designed 
 to extend the drive eastwardly along the northern line of 
 Carondelet Park and to widen Kansas Avenue, the northern 
 boundary of the park, to a width of 100 feet. 
 
 Kansas Avenue. 
 
 Notwithstanding the fact that Carondelet Park, with its 
 beautiful trees, winding roads, and undulating surfaces, will 
 be a greater attraction than the projected straight drive along 
 Kansas Avenue, the commission considers it important that 
 this avenue be widened, as that portion of the park would be 
 seriously injured by the erection of a cheap class of buildings 
 along this avenue, unless the avenue is built. If this drive- 
 way is constructed, the north border will be improved in 
 keeping with the beautiful park, the existence of which, except 
 by name, is known to but a small percentage of the inhabitants 
 of St. Louis. 
 
 From Lindcll Avenue 
 to Easton Avenue. 
 
 From the northeast corner of Forest Park to Easton 
 Avenue, Kingshighway is fully improved with an asphal- 
 tum roadway sixty feet wide, sidewalks eight feet wide, and 
 grassplots twelve feet wide. As valuable buildings are already 
 erected on both sides, we do not think it advisable to recom- 
 mend any change in this district, except the removal of 
 telephone poles, and the rearrangement of sidewalks where 
 irregularities exist. 
 
14 
 From Easton Avenue 
 to Penrose Street. 
 
 From Easton Avenue northwardly, however, to Penrose 
 Street, the land on the west side of Kingshighway is nearly 
 all vacant, and we therefore recommend that the land required 
 for widening Kingshighway at this place be taken from 
 that side. This section of King's Highway should be im- 
 proved by building two carriageways, separated by a park 
 strip about forty feet in width. The adoption oft his plan will 
 make it possible to locate a handsome statue or a fountain 
 on the park strip north of Easton Avenue in a straight line 
 with the continuation of the center line of Kingshighway 
 south of Easton Avenue. As Kingshighway makes a 
 sharp angle at Easton Avenue, the change in width would 
 be effective. 
 
 From Penrose Street 
 to Florissant Avenue. 
 
 From Penrose Street to Florissant Avenue, Kingshigh- 
 way, 100 feet wide, should be improved in the customary 
 way, with carriageway sixty feet wide and with twenty -foot 
 sidewalk space on each side, on a grade suitable for such 
 an important thoroughfare. 
 
 Sugfgfcstions with Reference to the Extension of 
 Kingshighway and Recommendations for 
 Acquisition of Additional Land for Park Purposes. 
 
 In giving to the matter submitted to us serious considera- 
 tion and after examining work in other cities, we feel that it 
 would be a shortsighted policy to terminate Kingshigh- 
 way at Carondelet Park on the south and at Florissant Avenue 
 on the north. We, therefore, beg leave to recommend a 
 southern and northern extension of Kingshighway and the 
 acquisition of additional lands for park purposes in connec- 
 tion therewith. 
 
 Southern Extension to the 
 Mississippi River. 
 
 Grand Avenue touches the north line of Carondelet Park 
 near the northeast corner. We recommend the widening of 
 
15 
 
 Grand Avenue to a width of 120 feet from the park north- 
 wardly to Caldwell Street, and thence eastwardly of the same 
 width, on a viaduct over Broadway, to the bluff on the bank 
 of the Mississippi, just south of the former residence of 
 the late Charles P. Chouteau, now known as the "Alten- 
 heim." We recommend the purchase here of three blocks 
 having a front of about 1,000 feet on the river bluff, provided 
 this property can be acquired at a reasonable price. On the 
 bluff a restaurant can be located, with terraces extending 
 across the Iron Mountain Railway, overlooking the river. 
 This would be a delightful resting place at the end of a 
 seven-mile drive from Forest Park, and would command a 
 magnificent view up and down the river. 
 
 As the United States reservation, known as "Jefferson 
 Barracks," is in reality a park, containing 1260iVir acres, and 
 as the government may be induced to enlarge the acreage so 
 as to make it one of the most important military posts of the 
 West, we recommend, at some future time, a drive from the 
 southeastern portion of Carondelet Park to Jefferson Barracks. 
 
 Acquisition of a Park Near Penrose Street 
 and Northern Extension to Chain of Rocks. 
 
 The termination of Kingshighway at Florissant Ave- 
 nue appears unsatisfactory. We advise the city to acquire, 
 at the intersection of Kingshighway and Penrose Street 
 and south of the new belt line of the Terminal Railway 
 Association, about twenty -five acres of land for park pur- 
 poses. This park should be the starting point for a winding 
 drive following the ridges, as near as practicable, to the 
 Tracy Road, near the northwestern corner of Calvary Ceme- 
 tery, thence continuing northerly on curved lines to the 
 bluff on the Mississippi River, following the crest of the 
 bluff for two, or three miles to the Chain of Rocks, eleven 
 and one -half miles distant from Forest Park. An observa- 
 tory erected here would furnish a commanding view of the 
 Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and of the Illinois bluffs. 
 
 A portion of the route would be outside of the city 
 limits,* but as the property -holders can unquestionably be 
 
16 
 
 induced to donate the land, we would recommend this line 
 for the reason that it will be a more direct line than if 
 located farther east, inside the city limits. As no special 
 tax can be levied against the property -holders in the county, 
 we would not recommend the building of the drive unless the 
 land for the same and also the bluff land between the 
 Columbia Bottom Road and the projected driveway would 
 be granted to the city free of charge. 
 
 Ojnstfuction of a Speedway. 
 
 The water works department has acquired, and is using, 
 for the conduit, a strip of land from sixty to one hundred 
 feet in width, extending from the pumping station at Grand 
 Avenue, or Bissell's Point, to the Chain of Rocks, a distance 
 of about six miles. We would suggest utilizing part of this 
 land for a speedway. It would serve also for a return drive 
 on level land from the Chain of Rocks to Harlem Avenue, 
 thence westwardly along Harlem Avenue crossing Broadway, 
 thence through the valley separating Bellefontaine Cemetery 
 and O'Fallon Park, to Bircher Road, and following a curved 
 roadway located along the projected park to the intersection 
 of King's Highway and Penrose Street. 
 
 Connection with Fair Grounds. 
 
 If, in time, the city desires to acquire the eastern or 
 wooded portion of the Fair Grounds, a connecting drive might 
 be established between the Fair Grounds and the Bircher Road 
 drive. This would be a valuable addition to the park and 
 boulevard system, as it would establish another connection of 
 the park system with Grand Avenue. 
 
 Recreation Grounds in 
 Central Part of the City. 
 
 As the city becomes more densely populated the desire 
 for outdoor sports, such as rowing, skating, tennis and the 
 like, will increase ; we therefore suggest the purchase at, a rea- 
 sonable price of the tract of land extending from the southern 
 

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19 
 
 line of Forest Park southwardly 1100 feet to Wise Avenue, and 
 from King's Highway westwardly 2260 feet, about fifty -eight 
 acres in extent. The eastern half of this tract should be set 
 aside for playgrounds and athletic sports. The central por- 
 tion contains the valley of the River des Peres. 
 
 If this additional land is acquired it would be a rare 
 opportunity for the formation of a lake about 4500 feet long 
 by an average width of about 550 feet, extending from Wise 
 Avenue northwardly. A sheet of water of this area in a 
 country practically devoid of lakes would be of inestimable 
 value and would prove a very popular resort in both summer 
 and winter, and would be fully worth the cost. 
 
 Estimate of Cost. 
 Land Damages. 
 
 The commission has had an estimate made of the value 
 of the land recommended for park purposes, as follows: 
 
 1. About ten acres at the bluff in the southern part of 
 the city. 
 
 2. Forty -six acres near Christy Fire Clay Works. 
 
 3. Six and one -half acres east of Kingshighway, be- 
 tween Arsenal Street and Magnolia Avenue. 
 
 4. Fifty -eight acres west of Kingshighway and south 
 of Forest Park. 
 
 5. Twenty -five acres between Penrose Street and Ter- 
 minal Railway. 
 
 6. Sixty -five acres on the river bluffs near the Chain of 
 Rocks ; also an estimate of the probable assessment that would 
 be made against the city for widening and opening Kings - 
 highway, as described in this report. Quite a number of 
 large property -holders and public -spirited citizens have ex- 
 pressed their willingness to donate land for parks, to induce 
 the city to build Kingshighway without delay, and we feel 
 safe in saying that the amount to be paid by the city for 
 these lands will not exceed $500,000. 
 
20 
 Cost of Viaducts 
 and Railroad Bridge. 
 
 The cost of the two viaducts, the one between Forest 
 Park and Shaw Avenue, and the other one along Catalan Street, 
 between Second Street and the river bluff, will not exceed 
 $700,000, inclusive of the bridge over or under the Oak 
 Hill & Carondelet Railway. 
 
 Cost of Planting Kingshighway 
 and Improving the Parks. 
 
 As the boulevards are used by the public, it is thought 
 that the city should pay the entire cost of planting and main- 
 taining the trees, and that in addition to the improvements rec- 
 ommended, it should embellish the "eastern part of Forest Park 
 in connection therewith. The total cost of these contemplated 
 improvements will not exceed $300,000, making total esti- 
 mated cost of land and improvements, $1,500,000. 
 
 Street Improvements, 
 
 The total cost of building Kingshighway from Kansas 
 Avenue and Ninth Street to the intersection with Florissant 
 Avenue is estimated at $1,000,000, which will be levied as a 
 special tax against the property holders of the land abutting 
 Kingshighway and the district adjacent thereto. The assess- 
 ment against any lot of the usual depth of 150 feet will 
 probably not exceed $4 per front foot. The city as owner 
 of Carondelet and Forest Park will have to pay for its portion 
 about $200,000. 
 
 The total cost of the recommended extensions of Kings - 
 highway is estimated at about $1,250,000, and the city would 
 have to pay the entire cost of the construction of that portion 
 in the county and also for its proportion of the construction 
 of the speedway abutting public property. This would 
 amount to about $300,000. 
 
 Expenditures of Other Cities 
 for Similar Purposes. 
 
 The history and description of the Boston Metropolitan 
 Park prepared for the Paris Exposition contains the following 
 statements : 
 
21 
 
 Boston. Popalation by last census, 560,892. 
 
 Total area of parks and public spaces in 1870 was 115 
 acres. In 1875 the Back Bay added 100 acres, and in Decem- 
 ber, 1901, the area had increased to 2,354 acres, and the total 
 cost is reported as $16,000,000. In 1894 the Metropolitan 
 Park Commission was created by the State to acquire and take 
 care of greater and additional parks, reservations and park- 
 ways in the district comprised of Boston and of a district sur- 
 rounding Boston, having a radius of about thirteen miles. 
 This commission acquired: 
 
 Woods reservation, containing 7390 acres. 
 
 River banks containing 1781 " 
 
 Seashore containing ^% miles. 
 
 In all, 9,247.66 acres, at a cost of $ 7,759,215 00 
 
 Boulevards and drives, 23% miles 3,054,907 00 
 
 Total cost in nine years 26,814,122 00 
 
 New York. Population, 1,850,093. 
 
 Central Park contains 600 acres, costing $12,500,000, and 
 the annual income derived from the enhanced value of the 
 adjacent property is $2,500,000. 
 
 Total area of parks in New York (Manhattan Borough) 
 is 1,500 acres. 
 
 The small area of land taken for parks in Manhattan 
 Borough is easily accounted for by the limited area; but 
 Brooklyn and other cities and towns recently included 
 within the limits of greater New York have large parks, and 
 the park commissioners are now working on plans to extend 
 the parks and to establish a system of parks and boulevards.- 
 
 Kansas City. Population, 163,752. 
 
 Geo. E. Kessler, landscape architect of Kansas City, 
 states as follows : 
 
 " The actual acquisition of lands for parks and boule- 
 vards in Kansas City began in 1896, and the city has to-day 
 over 2,000 acres in parks and over fifteen miles of completed 
 boulevard drives. The cost of purchase of parks, parkways 
 and boulevard lainds is approximately $4,000,000, and that 
 entire sum was levied as a special tax on lands within the 
 several park districts." 
 
22 
 
 St. Louis. Popoktion, 575,238. 
 
 By reference to the report of the Park Commissioner of 
 St. Louis, made in 1901, it will be seen that the city of St. 
 Louis has expended for the purchase of parks the sum of 
 $1,309,944, and the cost of improvement and maintenance 
 since acquisition was $4,172,386; total, $5,482,330. 
 The cost of the larger parks is stated as follows : 
 
 Construction and 
 Name. Purchase Price. maintenance since 
 
 acquisition. 
 
 Forest Park $849,058 $1,408,210 
 
 Carondelet Park 140,570 190,683 
 
 O'Fallon Park 259,065 315,787 
 
 Tower Grove Park 1,052,562 
 
 Lafayette Park 494,302 
 
 All other parks, scattered 61,251 710,842 
 
 And dividing the expense of building and maintaining 
 said parks since their acquisition by the number of acres 
 contained in each of said parks, we find the following results: 
 
 Acquired, Name. No. acres. Cost per acre. 
 
 1874 Forest Park 1,371.94 $ 1,026 
 
 1875 Carondelet Park 180.00 1,059 
 
 1875 O'Fallon Park 158.32 1,995 
 
 1868 TowerGrove Park 206.67 5,093 
 
 1844 Lafayette Park 29.95 16,504 
 
 All other parks 86.51 8,217 
 
 CONCLUSIONS. 
 
 From the above statements it will be seen that the sums 
 heretofore expended by St. Louis for parks is, in proportion 
 to its size, far below the expenditure of other cities, and it 
 will be a grave mistake to permit another year to pass without 
 making a strong effort to secure the necessary funds to put 
 St. Louis abreast of other cities. 
 
 It is our opinion that the city should not only carry out 
 the work as suggested in this report, but that a permanent 
 commission, regardless of political consideration, should be 
 appointed by the Mayor, as soon as new charter amend- 
 
BOSTON. 1892 
 
 710 7055 
 
 BOSTON. 1902 
 
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26 
 
 meats can be submitted, to assist the Park Commissioner in 
 establishing a system of parks, and in connecting them by 
 a system of boulevards and parkways. This commission 
 should co-operate with the independent commissioners who 
 have charge of Tower Grove and Lafayette Parks, so that all 
 the parks may be developed as a harmonious whole. 
 
 Beneficial Results of the Contemplated Improvement. 
 
 We desire to call special attention to the fact that unde- 
 veloped property within the city limits is exceedingly well 
 adapted to residence purposes, but as no good connecting drives 
 exist, a large era is a terra incognita to many of our inhabit- 
 ants. As nearly all the main sewers have been built, water 
 and gas pipes have been laid, reaching out in all directions, it is 
 desirable that we should try to prevent the city from spreading 
 too much and should try to concentrate it within proper limits. 
 This object can be easily achieved by the adoption of an intel- 
 ligent plan for connecting roads and parkways, and by a 
 systematic expansion of sewers, water and gas pipes. 
 
 Unless this is done, the city will soon spread beyond the 
 city limits in different directions along the lines of electric 
 and steam railroads, and in such an event the city will have 
 to stand the burden of the trafiBc from the county, without 
 obtaining any revenue. The people beyond the limits will 
 discharge their sewerage into the River des Peres valley and 
 the city be compelled to care for it. 
 
 The establishment of a system of parks and park drives, 
 together with other conveniences furnished by the city, will 
 have the tendency to make it desirable to live within the city 
 limits, and will so improve the sections of the city near to such 
 parks and boulevards, as to greatly increase the value of all 
 property abutting thereon or adjacent thereto. 
 
27 
 
 LOST OPPORTUNITIES. 
 
 On the 16th of February, 1864, the Legislature of Mis- 
 souri passed an act authorizing the establishment of Central 
 Park. The act provided that is should not contain over 350 
 acres and the exact boundaries should be determined by John 
 H. lyightner, Jas. B. Eads, Henry Shaw and Wm. M. 
 McPherson, the commission named in the act. 
 
 We are informed that the commission selected for the site 
 a tract of land between' Compton Avenue and Taylor Avenue, 
 and Olive Street or McPherson Avenue and I/aclede Avenue, 
 including the old historic ' ' Camp Jackson, ' ' and that the land 
 could have been obtained for less than $1,000 per acre, but the 
 conservative element of St. Louis organized, denounced it as 
 an attempt to sell to the city a worthless tract of land at an 
 extravagant price, and at the subsequent election, on the 4th 
 day of April, 1864, the scheme was defeated. 
 
 Through the personal efforts of one of the members 
 of the Kingshighway Commission, Ordinance No. 6126 was 
 passed by the City Council March 29th, 1867, to widen Grand 
 Avenue all around the city to a width of 120 feet; a survey 
 was made, but when it was ascertained that the expense to 
 be paid by the city would range between $5,000 and $10,000, 
 the authorities concluded to abandon the idea. Again, under 
 an act of legislature of March 24th, 1868, the city was author- 
 ized to acquire the land between Missouri Avenue and Cali- 
 fornia Avenue and between Park and Lafayette Avenues, 
 containing about sixty acres, for the extension of Lafayette 
 Park, but owing to the united opposition of a class of people 
 who could not comprehend the future necessities of St. Louis, 
 the plan was defeated at the election of April, 1869. 
 
 In 1875, 1371t% acres contained in Forest Park were pur- 
 chased by the city for $849,058, or $619 per acre. To pay for 
 the land and improvements an issue of bonds of $1,300,000 
 was authorized, against the wishes of a large conservative but 
 unprogressive class. Can anyone now be found who does 
 not appreciate the wisdom of this purchase ? 
 
28 
 
 The Wants of St. Louis. 
 
 The population as well as the wealth of St. Louis is in- 
 creasing more rapidly than ever, the city from year to year 
 becomes more densely populated, the large vacant properties 
 which were our breathing places are constantly being taken 
 up for factories, and the demand for parks and pleasure 
 grounds for the coming generation is imperative. 
 
 PROPOSED METHOD OF PROCEDURE. 
 
 If the plan submitted should meet with the approval of 
 the city authorities we would recommend that a special com- 
 mission of three members be appointed to carry into effect the 
 plan as outlined in the above report. 
 
 The commission should be empowered : 
 
 First. To employ experts to assist in completing the 
 plans for the projected work. 
 
 Second. To submit to the Board of Public Improve- 
 ments the draft for ordinances necessary for the projected 
 work. 
 
 Third. To obtain conditional donations or grants of 
 options for land required for said purpose. 
 
 Fourth. To recommend ordinances to the Board of 
 Public Improvements for the condemnation of land that can- 
 not be purchased at reasonable rates. 
 
 Fifth. To recommend to the Board of Public Improve- 
 ments ordinances for the construction of the work to be done 
 on Kingshighway. It should be provided in such ordinance 
 that no land can be purchased unless approved by the Mayor 
 or Comptroller and of at least two members of the committee. 
 
 As the boulevards come under the jurisdiction of the 
 Street Commissioner, the ordinance should authorize him to 
 employ an expert to take charge of the landscape work, and 
 the appointment should be subject to approval of the com- 
 missioners and of the Mayor. The ordinance should further 
 provide that such experts may be detailed to assist in the 
 
29 
 
 ornamentation of the water works grounds and of the parks at 
 the request of the heads of said respective departments. 
 
 These suggestions have been made so as to avoid delay 
 or postponement until new charter amendments can be 
 obtained. 
 
 The plans and profiles used by us for the design of Kings - 
 highway have been furnished by Mr. Jas.. Travilla, chief of 
 the drafting department of the Street Commissioner's office, 
 and we desire to return thanks for the valuable assistance 
 rendered by him in this matter. 
 
 We herewith submit : 
 
 First. The plans prepared by George E. Kessler. 
 
 Second. The designs for the viaduct prepared by the 
 St. Louis Chapter of the American Institute of Architects 
 and by the St. Louis Architectural Club. 
 
 Third. The designs for the viaduct prepared by the 
 general manager of the Hennebique System of Armored 
 Concrete, and one prepared by Carl Weber, president of the 
 Steel -Concrete Construction Co. 
 
 Fourth. The drawings prepared by the draughtsmen 
 employed by the commission. 
 
 The commission is pleased to state that all the work has 
 been done within the appropriation of $2,000. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 George B. LEighTon, Chairman. 
 
 John D. Davis. 
 
 Julius PiTzman, Secretary. 
 
 Frank L- RidgEI<Y, Park Commissioner. 
 
 ChaS. VarrELMAN, street Commissioner. 
 
Report of Landscape Architect. 
 
 St. I,ouis, March 14th, 1903. 
 
 To THE KiNGSHIGHWAY COMMISSION, CiTY OF ST. LoUIS: 
 
 Under Ordinance No. 20,760, your commission is empow- 
 ered "to devise means, methods and plans for the permanent 
 improvement of Kingshighway as a continuous and attractive 
 boulevard and drive connecting Carondelet, Forest and O' Fal- 
 lon Parks and the Cemeteries." 
 
 The problem given your commission presents an unusual 
 opportunity of connecting so many important public parks and 
 the residential sections by means of a single and continuous 
 parkway, which will become one of the most valuable of the 
 many public improvements now projected. 
 
 There are submitted herewith maps and plans more fully 
 illustrating the work to be done. 
 
 1. A general map of St. Louis, showing in solid green 
 that portion of Kingshighway described in the ordinance, 
 from Carondelet to O' Fallon Parks and the Cemeteries; in 
 broken green lines certain essential extensions, east from 
 Carondelet Park to the Mississippi River, and also north from 
 the Cemeteries to the Mississippi River at the Chain of Rocks ; 
 also south from O' Fallon Park to Grand Avenue through the 
 Fair Grounds, and again along the Columbia Bottoms on the 
 Water Works Aqueduct to the Chain of Rocks. 
 
 Showing in broken green the present public properties and 
 the Fair Grounds, and in green outline, the Cemeteries. 
 
 Showing in solid black the main arteries of the city as 
 continuous streets. 
 
 2. Two small maps, illustrating the connection of the 
 principal public properties by means of Kingshighway. 
 
 3 . In three sections the plans for Kingshighway , marked , 
 respectively, southern, central and northern sections, 
 
31 
 
 Carondelet Park to Tower Grove. 
 On Kansas Avenue. 
 
 Beginning on the south at Carondelet Park, the route 
 occupies Kansas Avenue along the entire north line of the 
 park 100 feet wide and for a distance of 2100 feet west of the 
 park, to a point between Morgan Ford Road and Gravois 
 Avenue. This section is planned to have a single roadway, 
 sixty feet wide, with twenty feet sidewalk space on each side ; 
 the sidewalk paving adjoining the private land; and lawn 
 and tree space between sidewalk and curb line. 
 
 From Kansas Avenue to Nottingham Avenue. 
 
 This section occupies what is now private ground, follow- 
 ing a well-wooded valley, and should be from 250 to 300 feet 
 wide, divided into a double roadway system, each roadway 
 forty feet wide, sidewalk space of twenty feet along the private 
 land, with sidewalk paving, lawn and a single line of trees. 
 The space between the roadways should be treated as a con- 
 tinuous small park, leaving the natural growth of trees so far 
 as possible, and adding plantations of trees and shrubs on 
 natural lines rather than the formal avenue planting. 
 
 Nottingham Avenue to Old Manchester Road. 
 
 From Nottingham Avenue north to Bellefontaine Cemetery 
 the parkway is on the street known as ' 'Kingshighway ; ' ' south 
 of this point, Kingshighway as now traveled bears off from the 
 more direct line to Carondelet Park, but the strip of land 250 
 to 300 feet wide recommended to be taken from Nottingham 
 Avenue to Kansas Avenue will make an infinitely better 
 improvement, particularly in connection with the acquisition 
 of the low lands between Nottingham Avenue and Pernod 
 Avenue, east of Kingshighway. This land is essential to the 
 development of the parkway, adding greatly to the beauty of 
 the drive and serving as a local park in a section not now 
 provided for. 
 
 From Devonshire Avenue to Old Manchester Road, Kings - 
 highway is occupied by street railway tracks. If these 
 tracks are permanent, then the street should be widened 
 
32 
 
 sufficiently to have a roadway forty feet wide on each side, 
 with the usual sidewalk, and providing not less than thirty -six 
 feet and possibly forty feet of central space for tracks, and 
 room for a line of trees between track and curb, separating 
 track space from the roadways. This would make a shady 
 avenue of four lines of trees and the two lines next to the tracks 
 would do much to reduce the prominence of the cars and 
 trolley wires. 
 
 However, the permanent good appearance of this section 
 will depend upon the perfect maintenance of the entire surface 
 of the parkway, inclusive of that given up to streetcar tracks, 
 and should there be any danger of having reproduced here the 
 ugly condition now existing on Delmar and Union Avenues, 
 where the tracks occupy the central parkway, an effort should 
 be made to remove the tracks entirely. 
 
 Tower Grove Park. 
 
 Along the section just described is Tower Grove Park, 
 one of the large parks of St. lyOuis. At this, its western end, 
 the park is reached from Kingshighway by an insignificant 
 entrance, entirely out of harmony with its importance. The 
 private ground lying between Tower Grove and the parkway 
 should be acquired and made a part of the park from Arsenal 
 Street to Magnolia Avenue. 
 
 Old Manchester Road to 
 Shaw Avenue. 
 
 This section is now 100 feet wide, and having no car line, 
 need not be widened; it should be improved under the 
 standard subdivision of sixty feet roadway and twenty feet 
 sidewalk spaces. 
 
 On this portion, however, the parkway is crossed by the 
 right of way of the St. l/ouis. Oak Hill & Carondelet 
 branch of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern 
 Railway. The matter of safety along here dictates a crossing 
 under or over the railway tracks. The general plan shows a 
 crossing under these tracks and on the same drawing an 
 
33 
 
 alternative plan is given for an overhead crossing ; the plan 
 to be adopted depends upon the practicability of either raising 
 or depressing the tracks of the railway. 
 
 Shaw Avcnac to the 
 Southern Line of Forest Park. 
 
 Across this section is the comparatively broad valley 
 occupied in part by the St. Louis & San Francisco and the 
 Missouri Pacific railways. No improvement of Kings - 
 highway will ever be complete without spanning this valley 
 and the railroads by a stone or concrete viaduct, carrying it 
 also over the street railway on Manchester Road. 
 
 Viaduct. 
 
 The plans and view^ of this viaduct which are submitted 
 to your commission by the architects clearly show the oppor- 
 tunity for an appropriate structure. The viaduct should be 
 100 feet wide over all, and in order to serve the private 
 lands alongside, it will be necessary to widen the street 
 to 172 feet, leaving thirty -six feet for the traffic on the 
 lower levels, and to the railroads. 
 
 The structure should be of stone or concrete and reach 
 from Northrup Avenue on the south to the south line of 
 Forest Park on the north. Its roadway must be straight- 
 away, without angles, and merge directly into the park drive 
 along the eastern line of Forest Park, with such grades that 
 the entire stretch is in plain view. The apparent need of 
 permitting traffic vehicles on this viaduct, makes it essential 
 to build an incline from the surface grade of Manchester Road 
 to the viaduct roadway level southwardly, while to the north 
 all teaming should be cut off, as the viaduct roadway there 
 terminates in the park drive. West of Kingshighway and 
 between Berthold Avenue and Forest Park is private land, 
 which should be acquired for a public playground. If this 
 should not be purchased, however, it will be necessary to 
 widen the roadway on the west of the viaduct in order to 
 provide a service street, as on the east. 
 
34 
 
 Forest Park. 
 
 Along the eastern line of this imposing park the arrange- 
 ment of park drive, planting space, and service street is 
 excellent and requires no change, except as to widening the 
 park drive to sixty feet, widening ten feet on the park side, 
 and supplementing the planting already begun. This will 
 . produce a stately avenue, enhanced in interest by leaving the 
 park planting sufficiently open to permit of distant views into 
 the park. 
 
 The two turns in the park drive should be accentuated 
 by some special monumental structures, fitting statues or 
 fountains, centering these on the driveways in each direction. 
 
 At Audubon Avenue the summit in the grade of the park 
 drive, caused by the crossing underneath the Wabash Railroad 
 produces a serious interruption of the view along the drive, 
 greatly detracting from the beauty of the whole, and this 
 must be corrected. 
 
 Lindell Boulevard to Easton Avenue. 
 
 The conditions along this section are already established 
 beyond the opportunity of a change, leaving it 100 feet wide. 
 There should, however, be a correction of sidewalk lines, 
 and trees should be planted between sidewalk and curb, and 
 the pole lines now disfiguring the street, removed. 
 
 A glance along this section emphasizes the need of early 
 action on broad lines in establishing the whole of Kings - 
 highway as a parkway, and before it becomes too late to 
 acquire the land necessary to its improvement. 
 
 Easton Avenue to Brown Avenue. 
 
 At Easton Avenue Kingshighway forms a considerable 
 angle. By widening forty feet on the west an interesting 
 development is possible by placing some monumental struc- 
 ture on the prolongation of the roadway center from the 
 south, the four lines of trees giving an excellent background 
 of foliage to such architectural feature. 
 
_^ 
 
 PARK DRIVE 
 1. •■4?V*j'] iT^ K I N G S H 1 G H WAY 
 
 1 4'^f V^^ ^tt'ii^NJ:iJ^0jg;^ia^g^:>»^6P^ ^ ^M^Jj ^-A^Q^ 
 
 BiKDS EVE. Vies* 
 
 Proposed tbelatment of KingSHighway 
 att tupn with entrance to forest park 
 
Biros eye.- ViEkv; 
 
 * 1 ^~~^W^f-ii'-i^<^^3r'ifi^>-ii^KS 
 
 ff \ WW \Aa "^ 
 
 PLAN 
 
 KIMGSHIGMWAV AT EaSTON AV£- 
 
 Geo C Kas-sl^r. 
 
37 
 
 Between Easton and Spaulding Avenues there are several 
 minor angles in the present street that can be taken out by- 
 widening about forty feet on the west at Easton and fifteen 
 feet or more on each side at Spaulding Avenue. From this 
 point north to Brown Avenue the parkway should be 130 to 
 150 feet wide, preferably 150 feet wide, with double roadway 
 and a central parked space. 
 
 Brown Avenue Northward. 
 
 The direct line to the cemeteries at Florissant Avenue 
 would seem to comply with the provisions of the ordinance, 
 using Florissant Avenue eastwardly to O' Fallon Park; yet 
 the parkway terminating in this manner would undoubtedly 
 fall short of a proper and satisfactory connection with O' Fal- 
 lon Park, which should be tied to Kingshighway by means 
 of a line swinging to the right from Kingshighway at Brown 
 Avenue; crossing some private ground, and merging into 
 Bircher Road ; crossing Florissant Avenue at Taylor Avenue ; 
 and going thence eastwardly to Broadway. Between Florissant 
 Avenue and Broadway sufiScient ground should be acquired 
 north of Bircher Road, at this point practically a prolongation 
 of Taylor Avenue, to make the entire space 200 feet wide, 
 thus securing sufficient space for a plantation screen to conceal 
 so far as possible the Terminal Railway Company's lands. 
 In addition thereto the lands south of Bircher Road should 
 be acquired as a part of O' Fallon Park, with a possible ex- 
 ception of the small cemetery adjoining O' Fallon Park on the 
 west, which, of course, will always remain open ground. 
 
 At the point of divergence from Kingshighway proper and 
 north of Penrose Street a small park may be developed in 
 connection with this project, serving also as a screen against 
 the tracks of the Terminal Railway Company, which cross 
 underneath Kingshighway just north of Penrose Street. 
 
38 
 
 Your commission has in these recommendations complied 
 with the requirements of the ordinance authorizing these 
 studies; yet doubtless you feel that the possibilities of ex- 
 tending this exceedingly important project to its logical con- 
 clusion at both its northern and southern termini, should be 
 fully developed. 
 
 A natural conclusion for this whole project would be on 
 the river bluffs in Carondelet on the south and at the Chain of 
 Rocks on the north. From Brown Avenue and Kingshigh- 
 way a fine parkway can be developed by following the high- 
 lands skirting Calvary Cemetery at the northwest, and finally 
 reaching the bluffs at the Chain of Rocks; and a further con- 
 nection with the Chain of Rocks can readily be made by way 
 of the water works aqueduct right of way, along the Columbia 
 Bottoms, and on this developing a fine speedway, uninter- 
 rupted for a considerable distance, and practically level. 
 
 Construction and Matetials. 
 
 As important a public work as this should be constructed 
 on such lines as to dominate throughout the territory it crosses, 
 using, so far as roadways, sidewalks and curbing are con- 
 cerned, the same materials throughout. For pleasure driving 
 (the chief use for which these roadways will be devoted) , they 
 should be well built and thoroughly maintained ; a gravel sur- 
 faced road will prove the best, provided it is not built of the 
 flinty river gravel heretofore used, but instead finished with 
 gravels similar to the Joliet or other glacial deposits, free, 
 however, from earthy matter. Where intersecting earth roads 
 occur it will, of course, be necessary to pave these for a good 
 block on each side, as no pavement composed of broken stone 
 or gravel will stand, if covered with mud carried in from inter- 
 secting streets. 
 
 Along the service street of Kingshighway east of the 
 Forest Park drive, from I,indell Boulevard to Manchester 
 Avenue, the roadway should be paved with the best asphalt 
 pavement. 
 
39 
 
 Throughout the entire length of the parkway its con- 
 struction should be uniform in material, using combined 
 cement curb and gutter along the gravel drives, and curbing 
 alone where asphalt paving is used. The sidewalks should 
 be of cement and of uniform width. 
 
 In the selection of trees, the greatest care should be ex- 
 ercised both as to kinds and the individual trees. While 
 many different varieties may be successfully used for avenue 
 planting, those indigenous to this section will give the best 
 results. Among these are the American white elms and the 
 sugar maple. In no case should very large trees be used in 
 this planting; smaller, well -grown and well -rooted nursery 
 trees proving by far the best. 
 
 The completion of this magnificent parkway from river 
 to river, tying together its great parks and the residential 
 sections, will return to the city and the abutting land owners 
 many times its cost, in increase of property values as well as 
 in the pleasure of the citizens in its use, and become an en- 
 during monument to the energy and civic pride of the "New 
 St. Ivouis." 
 
 George E. Kessler, 
 
 I<andscape Architect. 
 
41 
 
 REPORT OF THE ST. I,OUIS CHAPTER OF THE 
 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 
 
 ON ITS 
 
 VIADUCT DESIGN. 
 
 St. IvOUIS, February 20th, 1903. 
 
 The Kingshighway Commission. 
 
 Sirs: The undersigned, a committee appointed by the 
 Board of Directors of the St. Louis Chapter of the American 
 Institute of Architects to assist in formulating a scheme for 
 crossing the railroads at Kingshighway, herewith submit this 
 report and exhibits. 
 
 After a careful consideration of the problem, the com- 
 mittee believe that the governing conditions are summed up 
 in the following statement : 
 
 First. The bridge and the necessary approaches are a 
 continuation and a part of the boulevard system. 
 
 Second. That the side view or elevations of the struc- 
 ture are of such minor importance as to have little weight in- 
 any scheme submitted. 
 
 Therefore, in designing the structure your committee has 
 endeavored to fulfill the first condition by the adornment of 
 the roadway and sidewalks, and by masking the unimportant 
 Creek Valley by the use of larger architectural forms on the 
 bridge proper, and providing where possible the continuation 
 of the planting of the boulevard on the approaches. The 
 design also provides for commemorative monuments on the 
 approaches; these to take the form of exedra, and have 
 memorial tablets, statues, busts, reliefs, etc., relating to the 
 history of the founding of St. Lonis. 
 
 Under the second condition we have tried to obtain an 
 unobtrusive,' but a dignified and monumental structure by the 
 use of simple, direct and well proportioned use of arch, pier 
 and wall surface. 
 
42 
 
 In addition, your committee believe that the entire 
 structure should be designed without elaborate ornament, but 
 that the result should be produced by the careful considera- 
 tion of the masses and of light and shade. 
 
 The structure has been designed for armored concrete 
 construction throughout, using stone or other suitable material 
 for the various ornamental parts of the design. The design 
 should be influenced by the utmost simplicity owing to the 
 fact that the entire vicinity is one of dirt and smoke from 
 the railroad rights-of-way and the outlying manufacturing 
 districts. 
 
 Included with this report are two exhibits, one a plan 
 and elevation, the other a perspective of the structure. The 
 great length of the bridge and approaches compelled the use 
 of a small scale thus preventing a more completely detailed 
 scheme. 
 
 M. P. McArdIvE, Chairman. 
 J. H. Lynch. 
 
 Frederick M. Mann. 
 
 Approved for the St. Louis Chapter: 
 
 John Lawrence Mauran, President. 
 
43 
 
 REPORT OF THE ST. LOUIS ARCHITECTURAL CLUB 
 
 . ON ITS 
 
 VIADUCT DESIGN. 
 
 St. Louis, February 23d, 1903. 
 
 The accompanying drawings- are intended to suggest a 
 practicable and feasible scheme and design for constructing 
 a viaduct over the railroad tracks on Kingshighway, begin- 
 ning at the southern boundary of Forest Park and extending 
 a distance of about 3,500 feet to the south. 
 
 It is proposed to construct the approaches at each side 
 of concrete, forming the outer walls and balustrades of this 
 material, while the roadway of the entire viaduct will be 
 of asphalt. 
 
 It is also proposed to plant along each side of the ap- 
 proaches continuous rows of trees to form shelter for the 
 walks and lend a natural and artistic effect to the viaduct. 
 It is proposed to construct the central portion of viaduct, 
 crossing railroad rights-of-way, of steel, an arched span of 
 325 feet. By adopting steel for this portion, the designers 
 were enabled to avoid interference with the present railroad 
 rights-of-way, at the same time allowing necessary space 
 between the two present rights-of-way for any possible 
 future railroad expansion. 
 
 At either end of the steel arch is constructed a concrete 
 arch where it is intended to provide a space for suburban 
 traffic. Within the piers at the sides of the arches it is pos- 
 sible to provide a waiting station, which may be reached 
 from the upper driveways or walks by means of stairs, for the 
 accommodation of passenger traffic of the railroad. Along 
 the balustrade of the viaduct and along the opposite side 
 of the walks, it is proposed to locate lighting standards as 
 indicated on accompanying elevation. 
 
44 
 
 At the end of each approach, where the rows of trees end 
 and the roadway widens, will be located a drinking fountain 
 in the center of the roadway for horses and dogs. Along the 
 walk at each side of the fountain will be constructed a balcony 
 with seats which will provide a resting place for pedestrians, 
 and which will offer a view of the tracks and viaduct below. 
 
 At each end or at the beginning of the approaches, the 
 balustrades will start from a pedestal upon which will be placed 
 a bronze lion or other large group of sculpture. 
 
 This viaduct has been designed with the object of retain- 
 ing all possible ground area undisturbed for future use, locating 
 the piers and buttresses in such places as is believed to be the 
 least obstructive and detrimental to the city or railroad prop- 
 erty ; also with the view to obtaining a structure which will be 
 an improvement, not only to Kingshighway, but of benefit to 
 the whole vicinity, and at a minimum of cost consistent with 
 an artistic appearance. 
 
 Estimates have been made for this structure by reliable 
 contracting companies, who approximate the cost of erecting 
 and completing the same at $600,000.00. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 Thb St. lyODis Architbcturai, Ci^ub. 
 Chari<bs O'Pfeii,, President. 
 
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