Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924005867472 Jlssoctation for Tnternatlonal €onciliattoti PRO PATRIA PER ORB IS CONCORD/AM RESULTS OF The National Arbitration and Peace Congress ANDREW CARNEGIE President of the Congress American Branch of the Association for International Conciliation 542 Fifth Avenue, New York City ax: m \1b7 The Peace Congress of IQOy has brought four objections clearly before us: FIRST OB/ECT/OAT.— Nations cannot sub- mit all questions for arbitration. Answer. — Some of them have recently done so by treaty. So much for the claim that nations cannot submit all questions. They have done it.* SECOND OBJECTION.—'insticz is higher than peace." Answer. — The first principle of natural jus- tice forbids men to be judges when they are parties to the issue. All law rests upon this throughout the civilized world. Were a judge known to sit upon a case in which he was se- cretly interested he would be dishonored and expelled from his high office. If an individual refused to submit his dispute with a neighbor to disinterested parties (arbiters *In igos Norway and Sweden concluded several special treaties providing for arbitration of ail questions arising under them, and also a general treaty empowering the Hague Court to decide all other questions, except such as involve independence, integrity, or vital interests. In case of difference on the point that "vital interests" are in- volved in any controversy, the Hague Court is authorized by the treaty to decide this question. The reservation of the questions of the independence and in- tegrity of nations in arbitration treaties is of minor importance and need not be seriously objected to, since they are rarely at issue. or judges) and insisted upon being his own judge, he would violate the first principles of justice. If he. resorted to force in defense of his right to judge, he would be dishonored as a breaker of the law. Thus peace with justice is secured through arbitration, either by court or by. tribunal, never by one of the parties sitting as judge of his own cause. Nations, being only aggregates of individuals, they will not reach justice in their judgments until the same rule holds good, viz. : That they, like individuals, shall not sit as judges in their own causes. What is unjust for individuals is unjust for nations. Justice is justice, unchange- able, and should hold universal sway over all men and over all nations. THIRD OBJECTION.— Vi is neither peace nor justice, but righteousness, that exalteth a nation. Answer. — Righteousness is simply doing what is right. What is just is always right; what is unjust is always ■ wrong. It being the first principle of justice that men shall not be judges in their own causes, to refuse to submit to judge or arbitrate is unjust, hence not right, for the essence of righteousness is justice. Therefore, men who place justice or righteous- ness' above peace practically proclaim, as it ap- pears to me, that they will commit injustice and discard righteousness by constituting them- selves sole judges of their own cause in viola- tion of law, justice, and right. Civilized man has reached the conclusion that he meets the claims^ of justice and of right only by upholding the present reign of law. Our pressing duty is to extend its benignant reign to combinations of men called nations. What is right for each individual must be right for the nation. This union of law and justice, in- suring "Peace and good-will among men." through disinterested tribunals, is "righteous- ness which exalteth a nation." The demand that interested parties shall sit in judgment is the "self righteousness that degrades a nation." FOURTH OBJECTION.— ^?^ cannot per- mit our country to be dishonored by any power Answer. — Our country cannot be dishon- ored by any power or by all the powers com- bined. No man can be dishonored by other men. It is impossible. All honor-wounds are self-inflicted. We ourselves only can dishonor ourselves, or our country. One sure way of do- ing so is to insist upon the unlawful and unjust demand that we sit as judges in our own cause instead of offering to abide by the decision of a disinterested court or tribunal. Having ofTered peaceful settlement to our opponent, we have done our duty. If then attacked, it becomes our ^uty to defend our country, ourselves, family, and friends ; but that which makes it so, also makes it our holy duty not to attack the coun- try, homes and lives of others. Since war decides not who is right, but only who is strong, it is difficult to understand how a moral being can conscientiously appeal to it before exhausting all peaceable means. Council of Direction for tbc Hmcrican Branch of tbc Hssociation for Interna- tional Conciliation LiMAN Abbott, New York, Charles Francis Adajis, Boston. Edwin A. Alderman, Charlottesville, Va. Charles H. Ames, Boston, Mass. EiCHARD Bartholdt, M. C, St. Louis, Mo. Clifton B. Breckbnridge, Arkansas. William J. Bryan, Lincoln, Neb. T. B. Burton, M. C, Cleveland, Ohio. Nicholas Murray Butlbr, New York. Andrew Carnegie, New York. Edward Gary, New Y'ork. Joseph H. Choate, New York. Eichard H. Dana, Boston. Mass. Arthur H. Dasher, Macon, Ga. Horace B. Deming, New York. Charles W. Eliot. Cambridge, Mass. John W. Foster, Washington, D. C. Richard Watson Gilder, New York. John Arthur Greene, New York. James M. Greenwood, Kansas City, Mo. Franklin H. Head. Chicago, III. William J. Holland, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hamlton Holt, New York. James L. Hodghteling, Chicago, III. Morris K. Jesup, New York. David Starr Jordan, Stanford University, Cal. Edmokd Kelly. Paris, France. Adolph Lewisohn, New York. Seth Low, New York. Clarence H. Mackay. New York. W. H. Mahony, Columbus, Ohio. Brander Matthews, New York. W. W. Morrow, San Francisco, Cal. George B. McClellan, Mayor of New York. Levi P. Morton. New York. Silas McBee, New York. Simon Newcomb, Washington, D. C. Stephen H. Olin. New York. A. V. v. Raymond, Schenectady, N. Y. Ira Eemsen, Baltimore, Md. James Ford Rhodes. Boston. Mass, Howard .T. Rogers, Albany, N. Y. ■ Elihu Root. Washington, D. C. J. G. Schurman, Ithaca, N. Y. Isaac N. Seligman. New York. F. J. V Skiff, Chicago, III. William M. Sloane, New York. ALBERT K. Smiley, Lake Mohonk, N. Y. .Tames Speyer, New 1'ork. Oscar S. Straus, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Mary Wood Swift, San Francisco, Cal. George W. Taylor, M. C, Demopolis, Ala. O. H. Tittman, Washington, D. C. W. H. Tolman, New York. Benjamin Tkueblood, Boston, Mass. Edward Tuck. Paris, France. William D. Wheelwright, Portland, Orb. 4.NDEBW D. White, Ithaca, N. Y. H$$oclation for International Conciliation PRO PATRIA PER ORB IS CONCORDIAM President Fondateur BARON D'ESTOURNELLES DE CONSTANT Member Hague Court. Senator THE INITIAL BRANCH OF THE ASSOCIATION Honorary Presidents BERTHELOT Member French Academy, Senator LEON BOURGEOIS Member Hague Court. Senator Secretaries General A. METIN Colonial School of Paris JULES RAIS Secretary of the Arbitration Group of the French Parliament Executive Office 1 19 Rue de la Tour, Paris Treasurer ALBERT KAHN 102 Rue de Richelieu, Pans ADVISORY BOARD G. Menier Deputy A.Poirrier, Senator Admiral Reveillere Prof. Charles Richet Eugene Carriere. Artist Prince D'Henin. Deputy Pastor Charles Wagner General Sebert, The Institute .'\dolphe Caenot, The Institute Paul Appel, Faculty of Sciences Paul Hervieu, French Academy Jules Claretie, French Academy liARON DE CouRCEL, Former Ambassador Sully-Peudhomme, Nobel Literary Prize And Others THE AMERICAN BRANCH OF THE ASSOCIATION Honorary Presidents ANDREW D. WHITE Member First Hague Conference ANDREW CARNEGIE Commander of Legion of Honor President XICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER President of Columbia University Vice-President RICHARD BARTHOLDT President of the American Inter- Parliamentary Group Secretary HAVNE DAVIS Treasurer ROBERT A.FRANKS EXECUTU'E COIIMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BRANCH Nicholas Murray Butler. Chairman Richard Bartholdt, Vice-Chairman Lyman Abbott. Editor James Speyer, Banker Richard Watson Gilder. Author Seth Low, First Hague Conference Stephen Henry Olin. Attorney-at-Law .\ndrew D. White. First Hague Confer- AMERICAN -EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HAYNE DAVIS, Secretary Telephone 4685 Bryant 542 Fifth Ave., New York Cable Address: Concilia Cornell University Library JX 1918.C28 1907 Results of the National Arbitration and 3 1924 005 867 472