cowstock memorial UW*« INSECTA. 329 ought to be speedily reported to a plurality of official men. The arrangements required in lunatic hospitals have re- This is necessary for ascertaining, to the reasonable satis- cently become a subject of attentive study, and it is hoped faction of all parties, whether the insanity is evident; and will be soon perfectly understood. The comfort of the cases will sometimes occur that bear a very questionable situation, the security of the patients, and the prevention aspect, and require frequent visits, and the minute observa- of mischief, are requisites in them all. More particular tion of a sagacious and experienced person, before that care is required in those intended lor the reception of re- point can be determined. On this account facilities should cent cases, which admit of some hopes of recovery. An be afforded for obtaining information, from respectable hospital for the curable insane requires, besides the circum- jieiphbours, of all the previous circumstances that are like- stances now mentioned, much more assiduous medical at- ly to throw' light on such cases. Wherever motives to un- tendance, greater address on the part of the keeper, and just confinement might be supposed possible, the case various arrangements for separating the different classes of should be investigated with particular care. Persons of patients, for presenting to their feelings and thoughts only property, being most liable to cruel imposition in this those objects which have an unexceptional tendency, and particular, should be provided with the best legal pro- providing them with salutary employment. Perhaps such tection. institutions ought not to be committed exclusively to the 2. Another object is, to provide for the confinement of care of one medical person. Or, if this is thought neces- all those persons whose mental condition renders that mea- sary for preventing jarrings, provision should be made for sure necessary. On this point, delicacy towards persons extended communications on the progress of each case, who show symptoms of incipient derangement, and towards and frequent consultations on the minutiae of the treatment, their friends, requires that much should be left to private Without this, the due interest in the object is apt to decline, discretion. There is no doubt, however, that wandering and the practice is in danger of degenerating into an indo- lunatics ought to be attended to ; that the mischievous lent routine. should be placed under restraint; and that, for obvious rea- Insanity is treated in the works of Hippocrates, Celsus, sons, no females in this unfortunate situation should be al- Aretaeus, Van Swicten, Cullen, and the greater part of al- lowed to go at large. cient and modern systematic writers on Medicine See 3. A third object is, to secure the best treatment to the more particularly Arnold on Insanity. Battle's Treatise on insane who are placed in confinement. Even those who Madness- Haslam on Madness and Melancholy. Illustra- are really insane, especially persons of superior rank, are tions of Madness, by ditto. Rush on Mental Derangement. liable to be treated with studied carelessness from merce- Cox's Observationsfon Insanity. Crichton on Mental .De- nary motives operating upon those in whose charge they rangement. Perfect's Select Cases of Insanity Mons. Pi- are placed, and from the base antipathies or the rapacity of nel sur I' Alienation Mentale. Hallaran on Insanity. G. relations. Carelessness, mean resentment, and a brutal N. Hill on the Prevention and Cure of Insanity. Spurz- disposition to abridge, as much as possible, the business of heim on Insanity. The article Folic in the Dictionnaire des a receptacle for the insane, have too often been productive Sciences Medicales. Dr. Powel's paper on the Transac- of inhuman usage towards all descriptions of insane per- tions of the London College of Physicians. Also the Re- sons. These evils can only be prevented by an assiduous ports ot the Committee of the House of Commons for con- system of thorough and frequent inspection. Much advan- sidering the regulation of mad-houses ; and the pamphlets tage has arisen from some recent enactments providing of Stark, Tuke, and others, on Lunatic Asylums. The for the inspection of such houses. But this inspection, in Annual Reports of the Glasgow Lunatic Asylum, being order to produce the desired effect, ought to be at least generally interesting and instructive, may be perused with weekly, and the inspectors ought to have, without giv- advantage. (H. D.) ing warning, immediate access to all parts of such esta- blishments. INSECTA. t'oR the external anatomical structure, &c. see Zool- ogy. Order DIPTERA. The characters of this order, and of the tribes of which it is composed, were given under the article Entomo- logy. Sect. I. Proboscidea. Tribe I. Tipulahides. A. Antenna fil form or setaceous, longer than the head. Stirfis 1. Ocelli none ; antennae very hairy ; eyes large; rostrum tubular, long. Vol. XI. Part I. Genus DCLXXXI. Culex, of authors. Sft. 1 Pi/iiens of authors. The common gnat. Stirfis 2. Ocelli none ; antennae very hairy ; eyes large; rostrum very short, terminated by two lips. Two anterior legs at a distance from the others. Genus DCLXXXII. Corethra, Meig. Illig. Latr. Antennae fourteen-jointed ; the basilar joints conic- ovoid ; of the male with fasciculi of hairs ; with simple hairs on the females; the two last joints attenuated, elong- ated-. S/t. I, Culiciformis. Meig. Genus DCLXXXIII. Tanypus, Meig. Illig. Latr. Antennae fourteen jointed, very plumose, monUiform, T t 330 INSECTA. their extremities filiform: of the male, almost entirely moniliform, their last joint larger and ovoid in the female. Sfi. 1. Cinctus. Meig. Genus DCLXXXIV. Chironomus, Meig. Latr. Ulig. Fabr. Antennae twelve jointed, very plumose, moniliform, with filiform extremities in the male ; seven jointed, the last joint elongate, cylindric in the female. Sfi. 1. Plumosus. Meig. Inhabits Europe. Stirfis 3. Ocelli, none, atlennae very hairy, eyes large, rostrum very short, legs at an equal distance from each uther. Genus DCLXXXV. Cumcoides, Latr. Wings deflexed ; rostrum conic, larger than the head ; antennae foutteen jointed, downy. Sfi. 1. Pu/ictata. Latr. Inhabits France and England. Genus DCLXXXVI. Psvchoda, Latr. Fabr. Tinea- ria, Schell. Trichoptera, Meig. Wings deflexed, rostrum shorter than the head, anten- nae with fifteen or sixteen joints, of a globular form, co- vered with bundles of hairs. Sfi. 1. P/ialenoides. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Genus DCLXXXVII. Ceratofogon, Meig. Illig. Latr. Pauz. Wings incumbent ; lower joints of the antennae ovoid or subglobular, the upper ones longer and cylindrical; the lower joints of the male with long bundles of hair. Sfi. 1. Femoratus. Fabr. Genus DCLXXXVIII. Cecidomyia, Latr. Illig. Meig. Oligotrophus, Latr. Wings incumbent; antennae moniliform, hairy. nea Callomyia clegani Calobata lilitiirmix Ctcidomyift lute* Ceratopogoii fern unit us Ceria Scopoli veipiformU Ceroplatus tipuloides Chamacmyia, Meig. Cbtronomus plumosus Chloropi, Meig. Chrysogaster cneus Chrysops Chrysotoxum arcuatum Clitellaria ephippium Cona, Sciiell. Conophorus, Meig. Co hops auuleata Conopiides, p. 335. Cordvla tusca Corethra culiciformii Ctenophora atrata Culex pipiens Culcicoides punctata Cyltenia macula ta Cyrtus acephalus Cytherea, Meig. Dae in, Fabr Daaypogon punctatus Dictya. Fabr. Dilophus febrilis Diuctria oelandica Diopsis Gen.Sp: Dolychopidei, p. Hi. Dulvchonu, nobilitatus 738 732 Doras 762 eonopicus 762 E Echinomyia 107 Eloirbilua, Meig. 807 760 Empitlt-j, p. 333. Empii 740 V>realit 740 Eonothrix, Meig. 80* Eoriita. Meig. Ephippium.Lat." Eprobockles, p. 337. 801 71S Era*, Scop. 716 Eriopteryx, Meig. 696 Eriopteryx 696 aire 696 EtuihIu 597 scneui 774 Narcini 75» 1 U u 338 INS INS GMterophilus equi GOQljlCJ tipnloide* Gymnoionia rotondata H Hsematopota pluvfalii Heliopbilus, Meig. Meig. Helophilm Hen ops, Meig . Hepiaioina biinaculata HernutU illucens Hematoma "igra, Lar. , nigrum Hippi>boica avicularia, Linne equina nirindtiiis, Linne ovina, do. Hirtwa, Fabr. Hyboi atiliformia L Laphria gibboia Lauxsnis rutrtarsii JLeptii, Fabr. Leptogaiter, Meig. _ picta Gen. Sp. 810 1 Mcrudun leuvopihalmus Microdon, Meig. Mtcropeza cynipiea Milett* a nn u lata cunopsea, Fabr. pipiem, Fabr. Mocilhii ft' I la rim Molobrm 1 bum« Millie obscure Muica hemiptera vomitoria Muscides, p. 335. MycetopJiila lunaia Mydas Hlata Mydasides. Myopa doisalis Schellenberg. 793 N Nemettrini reticulata Nemotelus uliginosui Noprotoma Nuila, Uchellenberg Octhera Ocyptera, Lair. Osypterum Kirbyannm Ocypteryx Oiiomomyia furcate Ocsiridcs, p 316. Ogcodes gibbosus Olftnia Olip.itropbui, Latr. OimUhoniyia avjeuiaria Oriocbilc - aeruieus Oscinis elegans Oil r Meig. Paebvstomw P«ng.>u, a maculate PtUIOpI I'aragufi bitolot Pcdicca rfvosa Penthajtrla funebris Pbnsin variabilis 743 1 Plitbirii Pipunuulus L«mpeitra Platypeza taiciata Platystoma transversa Plutyura, Meig. Ploas hirticornU Proboscides. Psanit a bd oni ina IU Psychodei phatenoidei l'tiiocini, Meig. Ptychnpicryx contumiiiata Pyropa, HUg, u Rhagio scolupaceus lUiagionidts, p. 332 Kliymoeepbalui Hlnngui rmlrata Rbypbu* fenestra rum SeathopM Scat opting* nieriilana Scenopinm niger Sciai-a, Meig. Sepedun palustrii Sevitomyia lapponum Stem raptor Q ilium reptam curvipes SjuIpi.p iu Inipigora si nouten % hirumliim Stomosoit'es, Shxf. Stomoxyi oaleUrnni Stratioroydet, p. 331. StmOonvyi •trigata Syrplndes, p. 333. Syrphtu unnulatus, Fabr. Ctn. Sp. Syrpbtii coarctatiis, Panz. impiger, Hossi variabilis Btninm Tachina , Meig. Tachydroinya, Meig. Tapfptera, Latr. Tai.jgltma, Meig. ■ iiulus l I ni ■ marginata I bereva plebeia Thyreopnora cynopbila Tine mm l rpula oleracea civosa, Linne ripularides p J29. Pnchooera hiem&lii Triehoptera, Meig. 'li-iiutnji, Meig. Trypeta, Meig. U On. ^a. Zodion conopioides INSECTS. See Bee, Crustaceology, Entomology, Pip 1 id Zoology. >Si 1NCT. See Moral Philosophy. INSTITUTE, National, of France, or, as it is now ailed, the Institute of France, was established, on the suggestion of Condorcet, in the year 1795, and was open- ed on the 7th of December of that year, by Benezecb, the Minister for the Home Department. It was formed out of ihc Royal Academy of Sciences, the French Academy, the Acadcr. y of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres, and the Aca- demy o. P. >.:* and Sculpture, Sec. It was re-organized in 1806, during the consulship of Bonaparte, and it again experienced considerable changes in the year 1816, after the second return of the Bourbons. In order to understand the changes which this distinguish- ed body has recently undergone, we shall first lay before oar readeis an account of the National Institute as it ex- isted in the lime of Bonaparte. The National Institute consisted of four classes, viz. 1. Class of physical and mathematical sciences. 2. Class of French language and literature, 3. Class of history and foreign literature. 4. Class of the fine arts. II. The first class shall be formed of the ten sections which at present compose the first class of the institute, with a new section of geography and navigation, and eight foreign associates. Ttte sections shall be composed and named as follows: Physica ci ices. 1 S< Corn-- spomling Mcnjbth. 6 6 16 8 6 12 8 10 10 10 f Geometry g Mathematical] M ccha '»« ; 6 Sciences. < r Ailron01 ^' ; ■ • • • 6 Ueography and Navigation 3 .General Physics .... 6 Chemistry g Mineralogy g Botany g Rural Econo.ny ant) the Ve- terinary Art .... 6 Anatomy and Zoology . . 6 Medicine and Surgery . . 6 8 The first class shall appoint, with the approbation of the Fust Consul, two perpetual secretaries, one for the mathe- matical sciences, the other for the physical sciences. The perpetual secretaries shall be members of the class but shall not form a part of any section. The fiist class may elect six of its members from the other classes of the institute. It may name an hundred corres, mlents, selected from the learned men of France and foici -n countries. III. The 2d class shall be compv >:d of 40 members. It is particularly charged with :he composition of the dictionary of the French language. It shall examine T ^. g.) ENHARMONIC Change, in music, is the occa- sional substitution, during performance, of one interval for another, differing therefrom, in a slight degree, in order to avoid that departure from the original pitch, which is called Divergency of Tune, (see tliat article.) The Rev. Henry Liston, in his valuable work, entitled An Essay on /infect Intonation, p. 72, after giving an extract from Huygen's Cosmotheorios, remarks, that the pitch, in singing, or on his organ, Sec. cannot be pre- served by slightly tempering every interval, but must be effected by substituting other notes, in particular situ- ations; and, at page 120, he shews also, how, when the musician, by a series of dominants, has wandered away horn his principal key, may recover his lost ground, while he seems to the hearer to be persevering in the same course, by only substituting a particular note, either higher or lower, by a schisma, by a major, or by a minor comma, than the one that is written, in the ordinary no- tation of music, and in which enharmonic changes are all marked in his improved mode of writing musk for the performer, on perfect instruments. Enharmonic Degree of Aristoxcnns, or Diesis qua- ,/rantalis, is an interval, equal Jth of a major tone, or IT; = 25.92713532 + f+2:r,, or 262+ }f+2im. Some authors have called this the quarter tone major, and Mr Hoyle denominates it the cnharmonical diesis. Enharmonic Degree of Euclid, is an interval thrce- ihirlicths of the minor fourth, or 7 > T X4lh, =25526742 -f-f-f 2m, and its common log. is = 9875061,2634. Enharmonic Diesis, (greater £,) or diesis greater of the mean-tone system, (see Vol. VII. Part II.) is an in- terval whose rut;, is -iff, or ~, = 21 S + 3 m in Fa- vey's notation, =.9897000,4336 in common logs. = .0102999.5664 in recip. logs., =0343153 in Euler's logs., = 1 9091591 in major comma logs., =21.0157248 in schisma logs. In tuneable intervals it is VIII 3 III, =2VIII— 3 6ths, =41 — 2 111 + 3, by either of which methods of ascending and descending, or vice versa, in the tuning process, on an enharmonic organ of Liston's, this interval may be tuned above or below any given .note; already it will be found tuned thereon, above #D, E, #G and #B, respectively. In the symbols explained in Plate XXX. Vol II the following equations will be found to express the exact relation of this interval to all the other intervals ther^'i 6=R + *+ct = T + F+52 = ct+m + 9S =s- S =s-^ -It? -<-# =L— / =2S— t = 1-^ =T-2S =J— c = t — 2 tf £= 2c —2 £ = 2( J —32 = 3c — £ =2\TII_3-6th = VIII— 3III £=2ld+63f— 19m £ = /+ c — *- = t+BI — d _L-|_ C £ = € +ct— 2 =S +c— c = c +ct-2S =tf + /__ S = *■ + c— /c =S+ C _p = ^ +2— ^c =T + ^—t = £+D — /c =T+€—T =s+2t; =212+2in = * + f-R = t +/-T =113+ m—e =r+y_ T =» J'- +R— € =4th+3d— 2III f,=2T— 2r— 52 £ = t — S _ r Eucld, is an interval 24. 30ths of the rmjv - luurth, or -g < 4th, =203.2047 I 2 +' 4f+ 17.-.., whose common logarijhm is .9000490 1071 £<-*ahmonio Genus of theGruft music. SeeGENER A ' Enharmonic Interval of Ci/od and Gregory, is'thV Major Comma •«, which see. V Enharmonic quarter of a Tone ot Rameau, is the Emharmonic Diesis -iff, which see. L ^ ^3 '■» - <^»«f% iTV -* 1 64(5 i g ENTOMOLOGY /hi- bu1 "7 ^ Entomology, from i'vr^a, ara wi«c«, and Aoyas, a dis- of Nature on any of her other works. One delect in course ; the science which treats of insects, a class of appearance must indeed be conceded; and this may be animals, which were formerly arranged, along with regarded, in point of beauty, a material defect ; they are Crustacea and Arachnides, under the general deno- not always so considerable in magnitude as to become, mination of insects (Insecta,) which, as we have al- even with these embellishments, so strikingly attractive, ready shown under the article Crustackology, are Were they equal in size to the smallest birds, their now universally allowed to be distinct. The word «v- elegance would render them more inviting in the eyes rcu.ee is derived from i>, into, and re^a, to cut ; and in- of mankind in general ; but, even amongst the minor sectum has a similar root, from in, into, and seco, to cut, species, when examined with a microscope, we find their because insects are divided into numerous segments, or beauty and elegance far superior to that of any other from their being generally almost divided into two parts, class in nature. « After a minute and attentive examina- •which are merely attached to each other by a slender tion," says Swammerdam, « of the nature and structure thread. The former term was made use of by Aristotle, of the smaller as well as the larger animals, I cannot who lived about 500 years before the Christian era, and but allow an equal, if not superior, degree of dignity to seems to have been known much earlier than his time, the former. If, whilst we dissect with care the larger It is defined by him to signify an animal which, by in- animals, we are filled with wonder at the elegant disposi- cisions, is severed into two or more parts. The latter tion of parts, to what a height is our astonishment rais- word, insectum, is adopted by Pliny, and was in use ed, when we discover these parts arranged in the least among the Latins long before his time, and we find it in the same regular manner I" applied in the same sense as the i\r»n» of Aristotle. Insects may be divided into two kinds ; those which As the animals of this class constitute the most con- are immediately or remotely beneficial or injurious to siderable portion of animated beings, it becomes one of mankind. Many insects certainly seem not to affect us the most interesting and important sciences which can in any manner; others, and by far the greater number, engage the mind of the philosopher. The extreme dif- most assuredly fall under one or the other denomination, nctilty of discriminating the characters and particular and surely on this account demand our most serious at- affinities of these beings, arising from their number and tention ; but, lest our allusion to ,the utility of some in- variety of form, in addition to their minuteness, more sects should seem hypothetical to the supeificial ob- stromrly claims his consideration. He who neglects the server, whilst the noxious effects of others are too ob- a scieminc naiuraiibi. j- "^ vn-»o «• —~- — - ~.*~.. — , ; such a man will be partial, and his inquiries circum- bered, that in these ravages they often repay the injury scribed ; he regards only an inconsiderable portion of they commit. The locust, the most destructive of all ■animated nature ; and he confines his remarks to such insects, whose numbers spread desolation through the as, from their size and distinctness of character, present vegetable world, are not (except on some occasions when the least obstacle to investigation. In the study of ento- their multiplication exceeds all bounds) unproductive oi moloffv, the man of science will find abundant scope advantage. Although they deprive mankind of a certain for the exercise of his zeal. The amazing number of portion of their vegetable food, yet, in return, their bodies species ; their curious forms, so infinitely varied, and afford nutriment of a wholesome and palatable kind, and yet so nearly and gradually approximating through an in much greater abundance. 1 he various species ot endless series of transitions from one species to another ; locusts are the common food on which the inhabitants of the diversity of structure observable in those parts many parts of the world subsist at particular seasons, which afford generic characters, added to the wonderful The honey of bees, in many warm climates, constitutes changes in form which they undergo, with their surpriz- another primary article of food. I he caterpillars ot ine economy,— are circumstances which contribute to several moths furnish materials for the silken raiment so render them objects of most curious speculation to the universally worn by all ranks m the eastern parts ot the philosopher. And although the study of every class of world; and hence, in these countries, the silky produce unimals is most indisputably attended with peculiar ad- of these industrious little animals is of as much use as vantages, yet we shall venture to affirm, that it is from the fleecy coat of the sheep is to us. As an object ot a knowledge of Vhe characters, metamorphoses, and traffic, silk is one of the utmost importance in China various modes of life, these little animals are destined and Tartary ; and, in those parts, paper is manufactured to pursue, that he Sll obtain a more intimate acquain- from the refuse of the same material. The extensive tance with the grcatWs of nature, and veneration for use of wax, in all ages, is well known; but it is less the Great Creator of fal, than can be derived from the generally understood that all wax is not produced by contemplation of any o'her class in nature. Many other the bee alone ; the wax-insect of China is a very distinct ^tractions accompany khe SrmW of this department of animal: (See Cicada, Index ; and Donovan s Insects of science The beauty it insects ,.. -,ncval, renders China). Some insects are used with success in medi- rl pm ensratrin" to many who have neithci ♦imc nor cine; and many others (the cochineal, for instance,) are •rlination fov studying 'their more complicated stfcic- rendered useful in the arts: and greater numbers might and the eaietv ot their colours, often combined p-vhaps also be employed for the same purposes. These ost eracii'ul forms, displays a beauty, splen- few, Ouv -,r a vast many more instances, are sufficient to ivv-^y. greater than that bestowed by the hand prove the absurnUy of an opinion, very prevalent, " tlut inc tare with the most dour, and v J ^ ENTOMOLOGY. 64; insects are too insignificant to deserve the attention of the philosopher." But allowing these benefits to be un- known, and that the study of entomology is not produc- tive of any substantial advantages, how absurd would it still be to treat such an extensive portion of the creation with neglect ? The objection, that they are in nowise conducive to our interests (even if founded in truth), would be no evidence of the frivolity of the science, unless we are to conclude, that the only inquiries which merit our rational attention are those which tend to the gratification of selfishness. If this be admitted as an objection, how many objects of philosophical investiga- tion must be rejected as frivolous ! From the earliest period in which the light of natural knowledge dawned, this class of animals has obtained considerable attention ; and although the study has not at all times been cul- tivated with equal ardour, yet we shall hereafter be enabled to prove that it has not been utterly neglected, but has engaged the study of men endowed with talents as splendid, and judgment as refined, as the most exalted of those who affect to treat it with contempt. HISTORY. From the earliest period of which any authentic re- cords remain, this science has obtained a very consider- able portion of attention ; but the total destruction of the great public libraries, has deprived us of the means of ascertaining to what state this branch of science had at- tained, till within about 2000 years of the present time. We shall now endeavour to lay before the reader an account of these works ; and, as we deem the subject of importance, shall, as far as our limits will allow, men- tion every work, however slight, which has been pro- ductive of any material information ; at the same time, we wish it to be understood, that we do not consider it necessary, or within our province, to enter at large upon a critical analysis of the multitude of writings before us, but only such as we have had an opportunity of consult- ing with attention, describing the leading intention of their authors respectively, which we shall enumerate as nearly as possible in chronological order. Some books appear to have been written prior to the date of those which have descended to us, as we infer from various hints recorded in the earliest of those works now extant. The oldest records on this subject are to be found in the sacred writings, where mention is made of locusts, flics, and caterpillars ; and it is probable Moses had ac- quired a slight knowledge of this science from the Egyptian sages, as his works abound with passages re- lating to insects ; and amongst the obsolete works of Solomon, he is said to have treated of « creeping things." Hippocrates, who lived about 500 years before Christ (as we are told by Pliny), wrote on insects. The writ- ings of the earlier Greek and Latin philosophers, quoted by Pliny, afford extracts of his labours. Aristotle flourished in the succeeding age. He wrote, amongst many other works, a History of Animals, an elementary book, giving a general and comprehensive view of the animal creation; but he rarely descends to the description of species. It is a work of the greatest merit, which no one can impartially peruse without con- fessing the intimate knowledge its writer must have pos- sessed of nature. The insect class is treated of in seve- ral parts of his work. In the seventh chapter of his first book, we find the term hrtfut is that of a family, which constitutes one of his four orders of animals with colour- less blood. These animals he terms exsanguineous ; and, in his definitions, he points out, with great accuracy, in what they differ from the other three divisions of this class, viz. Mollusca, Crustacea, and Testacca. In the first chapter of the fourth book, we find the essential characters more clearly given, namely, the incisions on the back or belly,"t>r both, by which their bodies appear to be divided into two or more parts. In another part of his book, more particularly devoted to insects, he des- cribes them as having three parts, the head, trunk, and abdomen : the second part is denominated an interme- diate portion, corresponding with the back and breast of other animals. He also adds, they have feet. In sub- sequent passages, he describes insects which fly, and those that walk. Amongst the former, he notices those with naked wings, and those covered with a sheath ; and he observes, that some of these have the sheaths divid- ed, and others immovably connected. The naked wing- ed insects are of two kinds, some with four, and others with two wings. Some of those with four naked wings are furnished with slings at the extremities of their bodies, whilst those with two are destitute of this appa- ratus. He describes, with attention, the horns (antenne) of the butterflies and locusts. When noticing the legs, he remarks, the leaping feet of the locusts, which he compares to those of springing animals. The accuracy with which this learned philosopher has described the various parts of these animals, cannot but astonish the learned entomologist ; he will be surprised at their con- sistency. Their accordance with the entomological de- finitions of the modern systematists, will excite further comparison ; and the natural result will be, that, With the acquired knowledge of 2000 years, so far as he does proceed, we, until lately, have been unable to amend his observations. A cursory perusal of the whole work will show, that whatever might be the merits of this great man, his writings evince too much acquaintance with the science of nature to be the produce of any individual genius, shining with unborrowed light; for, when we reflect on the slow manner in which all human know- ledge is developed, we are readily convinced that the science of nature must have made some considerable ad- vancements before his time ; and that he has derived considerable assistance from the works of more ancient naturalists. jElian, in his work on animals, iTe^} £am, appropriates several chapters to insects, without entering into the system at large, confining himself to particular kinds ; and those noticed are described with attention, as crick- ets, the generation of wasps, of cantharides, Sum natura- lium Thesauri accurata descri/ilio, et iconibus artificiosis- simis expressio Laline et Gal/ice, torn. iv. folio. The first volume appeared in the above year, the other three before 1765. In 1735, the illustrious Swedish naturalist Linnaeus, published the first edition of his Syslema Naturte, give Regna tria Nature Uystcmatice proposita per classes, or- dines, genera et species, in which work he distributes in- sects into four orders, according to the number and form of their wings, under the names, 1. Colcoptera ; 2. An- gxoptcra ; 3. Hemiptera; 4. Aptera. In the first, are contained those whose wings are covered ; the second, those with naked or uncovered wings, as butterflies, dra- gon flies, ephemerae, Sec. ; the third, locusts, bugs. Sec. ; the fourth, those without wings, as lobsters, spiders, lice, &c. Besides these, several animals, which, in later edi- tions of the work, Linnaeus considered as vermes, were included. These were the earth-worm (Lumbricus,) the leech (Hirudo,) all land and sea shells, and star- fish (Asterias,) sea-egg (Echinus,) kc; and in this ar- rangement he by no means deviated from the received opinions of his time. In the subsequent editions of his 4 N 2 652 ENTOMOLOGY. work, these orders are divided, and the vermes are se- parated ; and, after the manner of Aristotle, are consi- dered as forming another class. His final arrangements we shall notice when speaking of his last (12th) edition. See the year 1767. And in the same year at Upsal, Acta Ltteraria Scientiarum Suecice. In 1736, all the works of Swammerdam were put to press, entitled Biblia Nat lira, sive Historia Insect orum Belgia, cum versionc Lalina, //. D. Gaubii, ct -vita auc- toris, per H. lioerhaavc. The fust volume appeared in 1 737, and the second in the year following. In 1738, Lesser published a work, entitled, F. C. Lea- sers Insecto-Theologia, Oder Vcrnunft-und Schriftmassi- ger Versuch ivie cm mensch (lurch aufmercksame Bc- trachtung derer sonst lucnig geachtcten Insecten, Sec. Frankfort and Leipzig, in octavo. This work has never come under our inspection. We have, however, no- ticed a French translation, which appeared in 1742, at some length. In 1739, Linne produced two entomological tracts, entitled, Om Rcnarus Bromsku/or i I.afiland ; the other dated Stockholm, Tal om Alarkivardightcr uti Insec- tcrne. Also at Stockholm, in octavo, Acta Holmenses, Svcn- ska Velenskajis Academiens Handlingar. And Kongl. Svenska Vetenskalis Academkns Halingar. Stockholm, in octavo. In 1740, the folio work of L'Admiral, entitled, Naaiv- kcurige Waarneemingen van Gestallverwisse£e?ide gekor- ivene Dier/jes, was published at Amsterdam. It contains a series of highly finished etchings, which are distinctly copied by Harris in his Aurelian. This work is confined to the insects of Europe, and contains figures of about fifty of the larger species, principally of lepidoptera, which are represented in various attitudes, with large branches of the plants on which they feed, generally ac- companied with their larva and pupa. It began in num- bers, and was intended to contain one hundred plates, and four hundred pages of letter-press, but the work was discontinued. Most copies of the work contain twenty-five plates, and five pages of print ; but Mr Do- novan's copy, which is the most complete that we have seen, contains thirty-two plates, and twenty pages. In 1741, Schaeffer published a valuable work, under the title, Icones Insectorum circa Ratisbonam Indigeno- rum, in three volumes quarto, with a vast number of co- loured plates. The classification of this author differs extremely from that of Linnaeus, and approaches that proposed by Geoffroy, yet it is so far distinct, that being a system of considerable repute, it may not be amiss to present an outline of it in this place. He divides insects into seven orders, which he terms classes : 1. Insecta Coleofitero-macrojiiera, those with their ely- tra crustaceous throughout their whole length, and ex- tending beyond the abdomen when closed. 2. Insecta Coleofitcro-microfitera, those with crusta- ceous elytra shorter than tne abdomen. 3. Insecta Coleofitero-hymenojitera, such as have their elytra half crustaceous, or becoming membranaceous towards their extremities. 4. Insecta Hymcno-le/iido/itera, insects having trans- parent or membranaceous wings, imbricated with scales. 5. Insecta Hymeno-gymnofilera, those with naked membranaceous wings. 6. Insecta Difitera, or insects with two wings. 7. Insecta A/itera, or those without wings. In 174^, a French work, being a translation of Les- sor's Insecto-Theologia, with remarks by Lyonnet, enti- tled, Theologie des Insectes, ou Demonstration des Per- fections de Dim dans tout ce qui conccrne les Insectes. Traduit de L'Allemand de Mr Lesser, avec des remarques de Mr Lyonnet, a la Haye, octavo, appeared. The ori- ginal work we have never seen; it appeared in 1738. The views of the author are to promote the glory of God; nor did he in any degree attempt to establish a ny new facts relative to entomology, but directed his attention to the collection of such anecdotes relative to the natural history of insects, as could be rendered a convenient me- dium for the theological remarks with which his pages abound. To the entomologist the work is of no use; for his knowledge was but limited, and his remarks often erroneous. As a theological production, however, it may have an useful tendency, as it is calculated to expose the glaring errors of others, who, with a fanatic spirit, had entered on the same subject. One of the best chapters relates to the abuse of insects in theology. He says, the Jews are accused of stating many wonderful things rela- tive to insects, which can only be considered as fables. Amongst many instances, after repeating the text, Kings i. 6, 7, concerning the erection of the temple, (» And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone, made ready before it was brought thither': so that there was neither hammer nor ax, nor any tool of iron heard in the house, whilst it was building,") he states, that the Jews explain this passage in the following manner : The work- men (they say) employed a worm to shape the stones; which insect, named Sc/iamir, cut and broke them to pieces in places where applied. They add, that it was " figured like unto a grain of barley," and was kept in a leaden box, " because had it reached rocks, it would have cleft them, so as to unfit them for use." This fable, with many others equally absurd, invented by the rabbis, is particularly mentioned. Amongst the legends of Catho- lic superstition, too, he selects several anecdotes equally fraught with folly, which, if really believed in the time of Lesser, will excuse him (he being a divine) for ap- plying his time to the exposure of such gross absurdi- ties. Two of these anecdotes we shall take the liberty of inserting. Baldus relates, that a number of bees acci- dentally passing over holy ground, paid it homage, and carried a portion respectfully to their hive ; and it is stat- ed that St Francis, when walking in his garden, saw a grashopper, which immediately pitched on his hand, and, at his command, sung psalms and praises to God. Detharding also, this year, published a Dist/uisilio Jihy- sica Vermium in JVorvegia qui nova visi, in quarto. It is a small treatise, relating to the larvae of Phalana, or moths. In 1743, George Edwards published the first volume of his Natural History of uncommon Birds, and of some other rare and undescribed animals. London, quarto. The other volumes appeared before 1752, in which se- veral insects are given. In 1744, at Stockholm, was published by Degecr, an interesting little work in octavo, on the utility of study- ing insects, entitled, Tal om nyltan, som Insectere oc/i- deras sharshadande, tiiskynda oss, pointing out the ad T vantages of cultivating the natural history of those ani- mals, and, as far as we know, is the oldest work on this subject. In 1745, Ejusdem Olandska och Gothl'dndska Resa fe'rratlad ar, 1741. Stockholm och Upsala, 1745, one small volume octavo, by Linne. In 1746, Der monatlichherausgegebcncn Insect en-Be- ENTOMOLOGY. 653 lustigung, by Rosel of Nuremberg, a man of genius, by profession a miniature painter. The work is in quarto. Two other volumes appeared in 1749 and 1755. To these a fourth volume was added by a relation (Klee- mannir) after his death in 1761; and, since that period, Klcemanuhus published three other parts. In 1747, a tract, explaining the advantages arising from the study of insects, entitled Dissertatio de Usu Cognilionis Insectorum, was published by C. F. Menan- dcr. In the same year, William Gould published in Lon- don, An account of English Ants. Also in Paris by Bazin, Abregi de VHistoire des In- sectes, ftour servir de suite a I'Histoire JVaturetle des Abeilles. In this year also was published in quarto, Adrian Gadd Obsirvationes Physico-Economice, in sefitentrionali fira- tura territorii sufierioris Satagundies collecta. Dissertalio Preside C. F Menander, Aboae ; an interesting tract, explaining the advantages arising from the study of na- tural history. In this year, Theologic des Insectes de Lesser, avec des remarques de Lyonnet, a la Haye, in two volumes octavo, appeared, being a translation, with comments by Lyonnet, of Lessor's Insccto-Theologia, published in 1738. Also Buzin Gillcs Augustin Abrtge de VHistoire des Insectes fiour servir de suite a I'Histoire Naturelle des Abeilles. Paris, in two volumes duodecimo. In 1748, was published in London, by J. Dutfield, six numbers of a natural history of English moths and but- terflies. And, in this year, T. C. Hoppe published two small entomological tracts, as Antwort-Schreiben auf Hern Schrcibers zweifel ; and Eichen-lVciden-und Doirosen. The first at Gera; the second at Leipsic. In 1749, Linne published Ejusdem Sk'dnska Reset. And at Norembergh, J. M. Scligmann Avcs, adjectis ex G. Edwardi Iconibus. Folio. In the same year, or perhaps earlier, the splendid work of Benjamin Wilks, under the title of The Eng- lish Moths and Butterflies, together with the Plants on which they feed, and are usually found. The plates, which appeared first, bear no date. In the third vo- lume of RSsel's woik, Insecten Belustigung, we find comments on this work, not to the credit of English en- tomologists' in general, when the science ought, from the labours of former writers, to have stood on very high ground in this country, and the public judgment to have been so far matured as to discover imposition. Rosel, in the plainest terms, accuses our author of pi- racy; and, when we reflect on the celebrity this work has heretofore enjoyed as an original production, it cer- tainlv attaches some little reproach to our naturalists, that facts, so publicly asserted on the continent, should have remained unknown to us. As the remarks are cu- rious and interesting, we shall copy this part, translated by a friend. « In the supplement, or third part of my amusements of insects, I have mentioned a certain work which Mr Wilks in London continues monthly, and promised that I should take some opportunity of giving a more circumstantial account. Since then the plates amount to ninety, all of which I have examined with great attention. They are as yet destitute of any de- scription, which is, however, promised at some future period. In the notice to these plates, he proft sscs to have drawn them from life ; but, by those acquainted with other works, it will readily be discovered that se- veral are taken from Albin's worjt, from Merian's book, and many from my own. How far he has succeeded, I leave to the judgment of others. An ape mimics every thing, but does not always succeed. I may appear to many too severe ; but let them consider that he counter- feits the works of others, and gives them for his own. I venture to assert, that in the future description of his work, he will he careful not to mention the authors whose works he has so unjustly robbed; for he already strives, to conceal on his plates what he has copied from others, by reversing the figures, or by giving them a different position." Vol. iii. p. 192. 1749. The substance of these remarks we are sorry to be under the necessity of allow- ing to be true; for the eye of the artist will perceive, on comparing the two publications, that Wilks has taken an unlimited range through the first volume of Rosel. We have repeated the remarks of Rosel at length, because we wish to impress on the public mind the value and importance of any general work, in preference to pro- ductions of this nature. Wilks was also publisher of Twelve new designs of Butterflies, in which the insects are disposed in stars, festoons, circles, or other whimsi- cal groups, forming what are usually denominated "but- terfly pictures." The nature of the first work above mentioned, is rather incorrectly stated in the title-page ; for the plants on which the insects are grouped, are not those which furnish their natural food; they consist of gaudy flowers, auriculas, roses, monstrous varieties of cultured plants, fruits, &c. the introduction of which, in preference to their natural food, has incurred considera- ble censure. In 1752, Dr Hill, in his History of Animals, published in London in the year 1752, divides insects into three classes: the first Afiteria, includes all insects without wings ; the second Pteraria, is devoted to the winged insects; the third Gymnanthridia, comprehends those with soft and naked bodies. De Geer also in this year, published the first volume of his invaluable work, Memoires fiuur servir a I'Histoire des Insectes, at Stockholm, which was received with every demonstration of praise to which its merits are entitled. From the testimony of the author's merit af- forded by this volume, the continuation was expected with impatience; but nine years elapsed before the se- cond volume appeared, and it was altogether twenty-six years from its commencement to its termination. It was completed in 1778, in which year the labours of its au- thor closed with his life. He was author of several pa- pers in various Transactions, which we shall notice in their proper place. In this year also, Linne published two dissertations at Upsal, Miracula Inseclorum, and jYoxa Insectorum. The latter of these is very valuable, from the object in the contemplation of the author; and the first is not destitute of merit. Scopoli, in the year 1753, published his Entomologia Carniolka, in which he distributes all the insects of which he treats, into orders, genera, species, and varieties, nearly after the manner of Linne. As a systematic work, this publication is of little importance ; in other respects it is valuable. In this year also, Nov a Insectorum S/iecies, Diss. Prasid. Johanne Lecher. Rtsp. Isaaeus Uiklnian. Aboae, quarto. In the year 1754, Kalm, a learned botanist, published a paper on a species of Cicada, in the Swedish language ; but we are unacquainted with its title. In 1756, in folio, Brown's Civil and Natural Historit Of Jamaica. In 1757, F. Hasselquist's Iter Palccstinum, eller Rcsa 654 ENTOMOLOGY. till Heliga Landet aren 1749—1752, Utglsver of Car. Linne, appeared at Stockholm. In 1758, in quarto, an interesting work in its day, en* titled, Eujsdem Disscrtatio. Centuria Insectorum rario- rum, tfc. Upsaliae. In this year, an English translation of one of the works of Swammerdam was published in London by Thomas Fleoyd. And in 1759, J. C. D. Schreberi Nova Sjiecies Insec- lorum, appeared at Halle. In 1759, Caroli Linnsei Anxmalium Sfiecierum, &c. in formam enchiridii, Lugd. Bat. Octavo. In 1760, Caroli a Linne Amenitates Academics, torn, v. Holmise, octavo. In 1761, Linne published his Fundamenta Entomolo- gi, a membrane, and ?r7«fov, a wing.) Insects with four naked and mem- branaceous wings. Examples, bee, wasp, &c. Order VI. Diptera, (from fin. two, and »r7(fo», a wing.) Insects with two wings, as gnats, flies, gadflies, &c. Order VII. Aptera, (from «, without, and *7f$0i>, a wing.) Includes all insects without wings, as spiders,* crabs, lice, Sec. The great perspicuity of Linnaeus's System of Ento- mology, arose from its author having made choice of the most obvious, characters which insects afford for the leading distinctions of his orders. In the construction of his genera, he has taken his characters from the parts of the head alone, paying particular attention to the form, situation, and structure of the antennae or horns ; these parts being conspicuous in most insects, and so infinitely varied in their appearance, as to constitute, with few ex- ceptions, a permanent distinction. That there are other characters which, in the opinion of later entomologists, are better adapted to the purpose of classification, the reader must be aware ; but these, although really pre- ferable, arc perhaps too minute to become always useful to the student; yet to the man of science, who is really willing to learn and study entomology as a science, there can be no doubt as to the superiority of the modern sys- tems, although we are ready to allow that the characters from the mouth are not so well calculated to further the views of the superficial observer, as those proposed by Lime ; the simplicity of his arrangement, the celebrity of his name, and the princely patronage under which he wrote, conspired, with other favourable circumstances, to render the science more universally cultivated, ad- mired, and respected, about his time, than it appeal's to have been at any former period. Much credit is un- doubtedly due to this great man for his entomological labours; but as we have stated before, when speaking of Aristotle, he is not alone entitled to our commendation for the arrangement he has proposed ; wc must acknow- ledge the merits of his predecessors, who wrote under less favourable circumstances, but nevertheless excelled in this department of science ; men to whom Linne stands in a very high degree indebted, and without the aid of which it is impossible to imagine the system which now commands our respect. In the works of Aristotle and Pliny, in those of Aldrovandus, Swammerdam, Ray, Wil- loughby, Lister, and various others, (whose works we have noticed), we perceive, with some variations, the grand outline on which he has formed his system. It was from these valuable sources that he gained the ma- terials, from which he selected, with profound judgment, and the greatest success, the valuable matter, carefully and industiiously separating the dross. The characters of his orders and genera also are to be found in several earlier publications, as are descriptions of several of the species. But he has concentrated these scattered rays of science with so much skill and industry, that we must admit that to him alone the science is indebted for that firm foundation on which it now rests. His style through- out is concise and expressive, but in many instances it is so laconic, that it is impossible even to guess at the ani- mals described. In 1768, was published in Paris, Bomare Dictionaire raisonne universel d' Histoire JVaturelle, 4to In 1769, in three volumes 4to. Ejusdem Icones Insec- torum circa Hatisbonum Indigcnorum, iic. Rcgensburg, by Snaeffer. And in the same year, at Lcipsic, was published, in octavo, J. A. Scopoli Anni Historico Miturates. Also Dr John Berkenhout, M. D. published the first edition of his Outlines of the A r alural History of Great Britain. That portion containing insects is very limitedf treating of no more than six bunded species, which are arranged after the Linnaean system. Notwithstanding the small number of species enumerated, this little work has tended materially to advance the study of entomo- logy in Great Britain. Since the publication of the above, three or four other editions have appeared. In 1770, J. R. Forstcr published, at Warrington, in octavo, A Catalogue of British Inserts, a mere list of La- tin names, amounting to about 1000 species, the greatest number hitherto enumerated. This was intended as a Prodromus to a general work on the insects of Britain, as we learn from the preface, in which the author offers duplicates in exchange for any not in his collection. In this year also, D. Drury published a very beautiful work in one volume, containing comprehensive descrip- tions in English and French, with an index of Linnaean names, illustrated by coloured copperplates, entitled, Illustrations of Natural History, wherein are exhibited Figures of exotic Insects, &c. The plates forma mis- cellaneous assemblage of the more beautiful extra Eu- ropean insects, which the extensive collection of its author afforded. Three years after the publication of the first volume, a second appeared; and the third, which concludes the work as far as it proceeded, appeared in 1782. Besides those figured and described in the three volumes published, the extensive cabinet of Mr Drury contained many choice specimens, reserved as materials for a fourth volume, amongst which were a vast number of curious species, collected in the interior of Africa, and other parts of the world, rarely visited by Europeans, the introduction of which would have rendered this vo- lume, (which was never published), of much greater in- terest to entomologists in general, than cither ol the preceding. We may observe, that Mr Drury's cabinet was one of the most extensive ever made, and is said to have contained in species and varieties, no less than 11.000 insects, (in his time the largest collection,) which he obtained by transmitting printed directions and in- structions, in various languages, for gathering and pre- serving insects, offering sixpence an insect for all insects, " from the size of a honey-bee upwards." His museum of entomology was disposed of, in London, by public auction, and produced about six hundred pounds. One insect, vis. Scarabaus Goliathus, (Goliathus magnus) was purchased by Mr Donovan, for twelve guineas and a half, who obtained also all the British insects, (which were very numerous,) collected by Mr Drury, and now enrich his splendid museum. And in this year also, G. A. Harrer's Beschreiburg dcr- jenigen Insecten welche Herr D. J. Christoph. Schaeffer in eclxxx ausgemahllen kufifertafcln herausgtgcbcn hat. Regensburg, octavo. In 1771, John Reinhold Forstcr published Nov* • The crabs auU spiders are now considered as constituting- two distinct classes. Se our article Chustaceology. 656 ENTOMOLOGY. x/teciea Inscctorum ccnturia, 1 ; the avowed purpose of which, as the reader is informed in the preface, was to give descriptions of one hundred insects, not mentioned in the latest work of the illustrious Linne. The insects included are partly indigenous; some are from China, and others from South America. The greater number of these are coleopterous insects, and are arranged after the manner of Lini.e, except the genera anthribus and hefte. Stralsund, in octavo. Also an interesting work on some of the Hymenoptera, entitled, Naturgeschichte, /Classification, und Nomenclatur der Insecten von Bienen, Wesgen, und Ameisengeschlet. Frankfurt am Main, quarto, by Christius Johannes Lud- wig. In the year 1792, several valuable works were pro- duced, and amongst others, the first part of a very con- siderable work, the Natural History of British Insects, by Edward Do novan, which has since been continued in monthly numBers until the present time. The design of this immense undertaking is, to afford general and scientific descriptions of all the insects of Great Britain, accompanied with a coloured figure of each, as far as possible, in their various states of transformation. The work at this time consists of eighteen volumes, and in- cludes an extensive variety of the species, being the most extensive work hitherto undertaken as an elucida- tion of the Entomology of Britain. It is in octavo, and still continues to appear in monthly numbers. Thomas Martyn published in this year, in imperial 40 2 -4- 660 ENTOMOLOGY. quarto, at London, The English Entomologist, exhibit- ing all the coleopterous Insects found in England, in- cluding upwards of five hundred different Species, the ■Figures of which have never been given to the Public ; the •whole accurately drawn and painted after nature, arran- ged and named according to the Linnean system. The figures given in this work are useless, and its letter press is but indifferent. Fabrkius in this year published his Entomologia Systematica: a supplement appeared in 1798, under which head we shall notice his system. Paykull also, whose name we have often noticed, produced his Monographia Curculionum Suecict ; a spe- cies of writing which has tended more than any other to the promotion of natural history. In 1793, the Ejusdem JBuytrdge zur Geschichte dor In- jeeten, Erlangae of Panzer, appeared, who in the same year began his most interesting work in monthly num- bers, entitled Fauna Insectorum Gcrmanica Initio., osier Deutchland Insectcn, auctore W. F. Panzer, which still ontinues to be published. Dr Smith's Tour on the continent in 1786 and 1787, appeared in this year. It contains some interesting re- marks on the insects which occurred in his journey. And Nicolaus Joseph Brahm. Verzuch einer Fauna F.ntomologica der Gegend urn Mainz. Rheinisches Ma- gazin zur Erweilerung der naturkunde, herausgege- ben xion Moriz Balthazar Borkhauzen. Giessen, 8vo. Also an interesting work in 4to, entitled, A'omenclator Tiber die in den Rb'selschen Insectcn belustigungen und Kleemanschen Deytragen zur Insect engeschichte abge- bildeten unci beschriebenen Insecten unci Wiirmer mit moglichst vollslandigcr Synonymic. Erste Abtheilung. Nurnberg. In 1794, a second volume of Linnean Transactions was published, in which are the following papers: the history and descriptions of four new species of PhaUna, by Mr J. Bcckwith; a new arrangement of the genus Papilio of Linne, by \V. Jones, which is so interesting, as coming from such excellent authority, that we can- not refrain from laying before our readers an account of his innovations. The object of his paper was, to point out that the shape of the wings, (which forms a principal character with Linre in his distribution of the families of that genus,) though various at first view, approach each other so gradually, that it is impossible to draw from them the distinguishing line between each family. Linne, he observes, was acquainted with about 274 species, whereas the writer of this memoir states, that he had seen above 1000 in different cabi- nets, and about 400 more in various publications ; and from an attentive examination of these, is induced to offer the following amendments to the characters of each of the Linnean families. Linne describes the Eauites as having " the upper wings longer from the posterior angle to the point than to the base; antennae often filiform." He corrects the character thus: " Up- per wings longer from the posterior angle to the point than to the base, occasioned by having four instead of three nerves, visible in every other family. The palpi often only a brush ; under wings, with a connecting nerve in the centre, and without an abdominal groove." — Ihticonii: "Wings narrow, entire, often naked, or deprived of scales; upper wings long; under ones short." Linne. To this character is added, that the upper wings have "a connecting nerve in the centre, very slightly grooved to admit the abdomen, which, with the a^nnaej are generally long."— Danii ; « Wings entire." Linni. To which Jones adds, "the under wings, with a connecting nerve in the centre, and a deep abdo- minal groove; palpi projecting." — Nymphalcs : "Wings denticulated." Linne. Jones adds, " the under wings without a connecting nerve in the centre, with a deep abdominal groove; palpi projecting." — Plebei: "Small rurales ; spots on wings obscure." Linne". Jones adds, " Thorax and abdomen slender ; under wings with no connecting nerve ; antennae clubbed ; and these he divides into two sections, those with long, weak, flexi- ble tails; and those without tails, and having the wings entire — Plebcii urbicula : "Spots on the wings gene- rally transparent." Linne. Mr Jones divides these into three sections, thus: 1. Thorax and abdomen short, thick or broad ; under wings without a connecting nerve ; antennae hooked at their points. 2. Upper wings' pointed at their extremities, and long in proportion to their width. 3. Upper wings less extended, and, together with their under wings, more round ; their margins entire To the Linnean families, Mr Jones adds another, which he terms Romani, which are generally of a large size, with- out the abdominal groove; no connecting nerve; anten- nae generally sharpened ; and the nerves in both wings extending from their base to their extremities nearly in straight lines. We cannot conclude our account of this ingenious arrangement, without observing, that Mr Jones has made a scries of drawings for the gratification ot himself and friends, of every species which he could obtain access to, in a very elegant and correct style In this volume Mr Marwich has given an account of Gmclin's Musca Pumilionis, to which some ingenious remarks are added by Mr Marsham. In this year, Archives de I'hisloire des Inscctes publiees en allemand, par Jean Caspar Fuesly, traduilcs en Fran- cois. Winterlhur, in 4to. Panzer also published Fauna Insectorum America Borealis prodromus. Norimburgae, in 4to. who also edited the following work : J. E. Voet Icones Insectorum Coleoptralorum, ifc. il- lustravit D. G. Wolfgang, F. Panzer, &c. Erlingae, in quarto. JVeuestes Magazin fiir die Liebhaber der Entomologie, hcrausgegeben von D. II. Schneider. Stralsund, in 8vo. In 1-793 was published at Halle, in octavo, Entomolo- gisches Bilderbuchfiir junge Inscktcnsamler, von Johann. Heinr. August. Dunkcr. And David Henrici Hoppe, M. D. Enumeratio Insec- torum F.lytratorum circa Erlangam Indigcnarum. Er- langae, 8vo. William Lewin published in this year, The Papilios of Great Dritain, in quarto; in which he describes in English, with very elegant figures, all the species of butterfly at that time known to inhabit these islands, which amounted to about sixty. We understand that the author intended to have figured all the Lepidoptera of Britain; but his untimely death prevented his pro- ceeding farther than the Papiliones. Latreille'in this year produced his Precis du Charac- terc des Genres, in which he divides insects into two sections, viz. those with and those without wings, and these he divides into the following orders: Coleopteres, Orihoptcres, Hemi/iteres, Neuroptire3, Le/iidoptercs, Su- ceurs, Thysanours, Parasites, Accpheles, Entomoaracia, Crustaces, and Myriapodes ; as he has completely alter- ed this arrangement in his latter works, we shall omit noticing this method farther, as it will be sufficiently ob- vious to the reader what these alterations are from the terms employed, &c. ENTOMOLOGY. 661 A new edition of Rossi's Fauna Etrusca, Sec. was pub- lished at Hclmstad, by Ur Joli. Cnrist. Lud Hellwig. Mi Francillon published a small tract on a new co- leopterous insect, accompanied with a coloured figure. It is entitled, Description of a rare scarabaus, from Potosi in South America ; -with engraved re/iresentations of the same, coloured from nature. Scarabxus macrofius is the name applied to the singular insect. In 1795, was published Insect o-Theology, or a De- monstration of the Being and Perfections of God, from a consideration of the Structure and Economy of Insects. This is a translation ol Leaser's work, mentioned before under the year 1742, with Lyonnet's notes, and a few others by the translator. Loud. 8vo. In 1796, appeared Sammlung naturhistorischer uud Physikalischcr aufsatze von Frans von Paula Schrank. Niirnberg. In octavo. Hoppe produced hrs Entomologisches Taschenbuch. Regensburg. In octavo. And an interesting work in folio, Museum Regium dcscri/itum ab Oligetio Jacobseo. Hafn. Jacob Hubner published his Der Samlung Eurofiais- cher Schmelterlinge, Ausburg, in quarto. But few co- pies of this beautiful work have reached this country, and, as we have not examined it with care, must refrain from giving our opinion on it. From what wc have seen, it appears to be a valuable publication. The second volume of Catalogus Bibliotheca Histo- rica naturatis, Jose/ihi Banks, Baroncli, by T. Dryan- der, comprci ending the entomological works of that immense collection of books, was published in 1796. We cannot speak too highly of its contents, which arc admirably arranged, in such a manner as to be in itself a valuable bibliothecal system of entomological writers. In 1797, C. W. Ilcnncrt published at Berlin a work in quarto, entitled Uebcr den Raufienfras und IVmbriich in dm Jahrcn. And Dr J. E. Smith published a magnificent work in folio, in London, entitled The natural History of the rarer Lefiidofitcrous Insects of Georgia, collected from the Observations of Mr John Abbott. It is comprised in two volumes, with about an hundred plates; and the insects are represented in their different states, on one of the plants on which they feed. Mr Abbott, the gentleman from whose notes and drawings the work was formed, was an assiduous collector of insects resi- ding in North America, from whom nrany of the Lon- don cabinets have received the most valuable specimens of the insects of those regions, in the highest state of preservation. In the same year, Mantissa Insectorum Iconibus il- lustrata, S/iecies novas aut nondum de/tictas exhibens, fas. I. auclore, Godofredo Christiano Reich, Sec. No- rimbergae. In octavo. The third volume of the Transactions of the Linncan Society of London, containing some interesting ento- mological papers, appeared, as follow : Observations re- specting some rare British insects, by W. Lcwin ; — a History of three Species of Cassida, by the Rev. Wil- liam Kirby ; — Observations on the Economy of Ichneu- mon Manifestalor, by Thomas Marsham, Esq.— -Obser- vations on the Insects that infested the Corn in the year 1795, by Thomas Marsham, Esq. — lastly, a most interesting and ingenious paper on the Oestrus, or Gad- fly, by Bracy Clark, Esq. In 1798, Fabricius published the supplement to his Entomologia Systematica ; which presents an outline of his system in its latest state ; and being the result of such extensive knowledge as he possessed, demands a considerable share of our attention. He, in this work, divides insects into thirteen classes, as follow : Class 1. Elf.utherata. Jaws naked, free, bearing palpi. Class 2. Ulonata. Jaws covered with an obtuse ga- lea or mouth- piece. Class 3. Svnistata. Jaws elbowed near the base, and connected to the lower lip. Class 4. Piezata. Jaws horny, compressed, and usually elongated. Class 5. Odonata. Jaws horny and toothed; two palpi or feelers. Class 6. Mitosata. Jaws horny, arched ; no palpi. Class 7. Unogata. Jaws horny, unguiculated. Class 8. Polygnata. Jaws many, (generally two) within the lip. Class 9. Kleistagnatha. Jaws several, without the lip. Class 10. Exochnatha. Jaws several, outside the lip, but covered by the palpi. Class II. Glossata. Mouth composed of a spiral tongue, situated between the two palpi. Class 12. Rhyngota. Mouth composed of a beak, or articulated sheath. Class 13. Antliata. Mouth composed of a sucker, not jointed. In the same year, viz. 1798, Clairville published an octavo work on the insects of Switzerland, in which he proposes to divide insects into eight orders, nearly after the system of Linn6 ; but he distinguishes them by different names, and denominates them sections in- stead of orders. The names are, Elythrofitcra, Dicty- ofitera, P/itebo/ite'ra, Halterifitera, Lefiidofitera, Hemimc- ro/itera Ro/iho/iteira, and Pododunera. The work is en- titled, Entomologie Helvetique. ou catalogue des Inscc- tcs de la Suisse, is"c. avec Descri/i. et Figures. Zurich. In the fourth volume of the Linncan Transactions, we find, an Essay on the Eye-like spot in the Wings of the Locusts of Fabricius, as indicating the male sex; by Professor Anthony Augustus Henry Lichtenstcin; — Account and Figure of a minute Ichneumon ; by G. Shaw, M. D. — Amo/ihila, a new genus of Hymenopte- rous insects, including the S/ihex sabulosa of Linne ; by Rev. William Kirby ; — Further Observations on the Wheat Insect, in a Letter to the Rev. Samuel Good- enough, by T. Marsham, Esq. — History of Ti/:ula Tri- tici, and Ichneumon Ti/iula, with some observations upon the Insects that attend Wheat; in a letter to Thomas Marsham, Esq. by the Rev. William Kirby ; — Observations on the genus Pausus, and Description of a new Species; by Adam, Afzelius, M. D. E. Donovan this year published in London, JVuturai History of the Insects of China, which is the first work on the entomological productions of that vast empire that has appeared. The materials composing this vo- lume, (which is in 4to.), and from which it was in a great manner formed, were obtained from the first and most authentic sources, including many of t*ie species collected at the time of the embassy of Lord Macart- ney, with many others obtained from the cabinets of the highest celebrity, and the communications of friends. The work is illustrated by fifty copper-plates, beauti- fully coloured. It has been translated into the French and German languages on the continent. Fauna: Ingrica Prodromus, exhibens methodicam De- scri/ilionem Insestorum agri Petrofiolcnsis, ifc. auctorc J. Cederhiclm, Leipsiae. 662 ENTOMOLOGY. And Vcrzric'iniss der Kafer Prussrns tntdorfen von Johann Gottleib, von Johann Karl IVilhclm Illiger, ifc. Halle, in 8vo. Also Busch Webersicht, {Almanack) der fortschrifte in U'i.i.irtich. Erfurt, in 8vo. Likewise, A'aturgeschichte der schad/ichen Afadelholz- Insecten, nebst Awucixung zu ihrer Vertilgung, (Ein vu'zliches Lcsebuch fur A r aturforscher, Forstmanner und Oekonomen). Von Georg. Goufr. Zinke. Weimar, in 8vo. Voigt, in this verv f rtile year, published his Magazin fur den neuesten Znstand der A r aturkunde mil Bii.ich- ric/it auf die dazu gelrb'rigen Hulfwissenschaften. Von Job. Heinr. Voigt. Weimar, in 8vo. Schrank also published his Fauna Boica Durchge- dachten Geschichtc der in JBajern einheimischen und Zah- men Thiere. Nurnberg, in 8vo. In the same year, Paykull published his valuable trea- tise on the insects of Sweden, entitled, Gustave Paykull Fauna Suecica, InsecCa, Upsaliae, in three octavo vo- lumes. In 1799, a very useful work, entitled, Eurofi'dische F'auna oder A'aturgeschichte der Eurofidischen Thiere. Von J. A. E. Goeze, Sec. Kaefcr, Leipzig, in 8vo. And Christian Crulzer Entomologische Vcrsuche. Wien,in 8vo. In 1800, the science of entomology was considerably advanced, by a vast number of very valuable works. Cuvier, with the assistance of Dumeril, published in Paris his Anatomic Comfiaree, in which the organization of insects is treated of at great length, and a new syste- matic arrangement is proposed, and insects are divided into two great sections ; those with, and those without, jaws. In the first, are included the orders Gnathafiteres, Afcurofiteres, Hymenofiteres, Coleofiteres, and Orthofite- res ,• in the second, Hemifiteres, Lefiidofiteres, Difiteres, and A/itercs. In the 5th volume of the Transactions of the Lin- liaean Society, published this year, we find two interest- ing papers, viz. a continuation of the history of Tifiula Triiici, by the Rev. W. Kirby ; and some observations on insects which prey upon timber, with a short history of Cerambyx Violaceus of Linne, by the same gentle- man ; both these communications are accompanied by plates. In this year, Thunberg published his Musxum A'atu- ralium Academic Ufisalensis, tfc. in 4to. And E. Donovan published his Insects of India, in 4to; and, like the Insects of China, embracing in a general, yet scientific view, a comprehensive display of the most rare and beautiful insects peculiar to those fertile re- gions. Also Walther's Forstfihysiografihie Herborn, K2c. In the same year, Archiv fur Zoologie und Zootomie. Von C. R. W. Wiedmann. Berlin and Braunschweig, in four octavo volumes. And the Verzcichniss meincr Insecten Samlung oder Entomologischcs Handbuch fur Leibhaber und Samler. Von JacoU Sturm, Erste Heft. Nurnberg, in 8vo. Lastly, the 5th volume of Bibliotheca Hist. Nat. Bank- siana, by Dryander, contains some references to the works of entomological writers. In 1801, a most interesting publication appeared in Paris, by the celebrated Professor of Zoology, Lamarck, entitled Si/stetne des Animaux sans Vertebres, in which wc find considerable improvements in the entomologi- cal department. He removes the greater number of the Linnaean aptcra to two other classes, viz. Crustacea and Arachnides. See our article Crustaceoi.ogv. The Insecta he divides into three subclasses : 1. Those with mandibles and maxillae ; 2. Those with mandibles and trunk ; 3. Those without mandibles, but having a trunk or sucker. In the first, he places the orders Co- leofiteres, Orthofiteres, and Ai'eurofiteres ; the second is merely confined to the Hymenofiteres ; and in the third, the Lefiidofiteres, Hemifiteres, Difiteres, and Afiteres, (which last contains but one genus, viz. Pulex, the flea). His subdivisions of the orders we shall have occasion to notice hereafter at length. Pabricius also published his Systcma F.leutheratorum Killiee, in two octavo volumes. And Illiger produced his Magazin fur Insectenkunde herausgegeben von Karl Illiger. Braunschweig, in oc- tavo. Likewise A r eue Beytrage zur Insectenkunde. Von August. Wilhelm. Knoch. Leipzig, in octavo. Another interesting work, Frederici Weberi Obser- vationes Entomologies, continenles novorum, qua condi- dit generum characteres, et nujier detectarum Sfiecierum descrifitiones. Kiel, octavo. Lastly, Jacob Sturm's Abbildungen zu Kare Illiger's Veberfelzung von Olivier's Entomologie oder Afaturges- chichte der Insecten. Nurnberg, in quarto. In 1802, several works appeared in this country, and two in Paris, highly interesting, especially to the natural systematise We may first notice Histoire JVaturelle des Fourmies, et recueil des Memoires, et des Observations sur les Abeilles, les Araignfs, les Francheurs et autres insectes. Par P. A.Latreille, Sec. Paris, octavo. The Rev. William Kirby this year produced that ex- cellent work, entitled, Monografihia afium Anglie, &c. in two octavo volumes. Our author proceeds to point out his reasons for taking up this subject, and under the head of Introductory Remarks, gives us a minute ac- count of the rise and progress of this department of en- tomology, with remarks on the various works treating on this subject, with definitions of the terms used in de- scribing the genera and species by different authors ; and after pointing out the confusion which reigned throughout the order Hymenoptera, gives us a new set of terms, with comments on terminology in general. The characters of the order Hymenoptera, with the ge- neric characteis and divisions of families, are next given, intermixed with the economy of each family and subdi- vision. Under the head of Addenda, we have some in- teresting remarks on other hymenopterous genera; and at the end of the first volume, a series of plates explain- ing the various parts of the mouth, Sec. peculiar to each family and subdivision. The second volume treats of the species, with occasional remarks on the peculiar economy of each. The descriptions are laboured, and extremely accurate. It is certainly the most scientific work which has appeared in any branch of natural his- tory in this country. In the work of Latreille, which we ,have mentioned above, we find the same divisions as those instituted by Mr Kirby; they differ merely in terms, Latreille considering each of Mr Kirby's subdi- visions as a distinct genus. We wish we had room to give a complete account of this interesting publication, but we have already far exceeded our limits in this de- partment of the article, and shall therefore lay before the reader as much of that valuable work as we can find room for, under the proper head, in our descriptions of the species. ENTOMOLOGY. 663 Thomas Marsham, esq. the oldest of the British en- tomologists, this year published the first volume of his long intended work on entomology. This volume treats of the coleoptera, and is entitled, Entomologia Britannica. To the genera of Limit, he adds, Cistela, Corticaria, Niti- dula, Boletaria, O/iatrum, Cryfitocefihalus, Auchenia, Cri- oceris, Tillus, Sca/i/iidium, Clerus, Pyrochroa, Parnus, Heterocerus, Btafis, Lytta, Ifis, and Hydrofihilus ; the two last, however, are to be found in the MSS. of Linne. We cannot approve of this author having changed the names of some of the genera, and using them in a dif- ferent sense from other authors, and in sometimes un- necessarily giving up one name, and imposing a new one ; 'thus we have Boletaria for Mycetofihagus, and Corticaria for Lyctus, I/is, and CoUidium. In his descrip- tions he is very accurate; and although he has not adopted all the Fabrician genera, yet in many instances his families are composed of the same materials. We anticipate the completion of his work with great plea- sure, as the abilities of the author are universally ac- knowledged, and his collection and manuscripts ex- tremely valuable. The sixth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, which appeared this year, contains several valuable entomological tracts, viz. " A Disserta- tion on two natural genera, hitherto confounded under the name of Mantis; by Anthony Augustus Henry Lich- tenstein, M. D. Sec." — " Observations on Aphides, chiefly intended to shew that they are the principal causes of the blight in plants, and the sole cause of the honey-dew; by W. Curtis." — " Observations on the Curculio Trifo- lii, or clover-weevil, a small insect which infests the heads of the cultivated clover, and destroys the seed, in a letter to T. Marsham, Esq. by William Mai wick, Esq.; with additional remarks by Mr Marsham." — "Far- ther remarks on the Curculio Trifolii, in a letter to William Marwick, Esq.; by Martin Christian Gottleib Lehmann." — " Descriptions of some singular coleopte- rous insects ; by Charles Schreibers." — " Observations on several species of the genus Apis, known by the name of humble bees, and called Bombinitrices by Linne ; by P. Huber." This last paper is extremely valuable ; and, with the others, will be mentioned when we arc treating of the genera and species. This year, an anonymous work, in 2 vols. 8vo. appear- ed at Edinburgh, under the title of Elements of Natural History. It is a very useful elementary book, and does credit to the author, who, it is well understood, is Mr Charles Stewart of that place. The first volume treats of mammalia, birds, amphibia, and fishes ; the second volume is entirely dedicated to insects and vermes. It 'Wu»-'' J is n ? w out °^ P" nt » and we mav suggest, that if a new edition were altered to suit the present systems, it would prove still more valuable and interesting to the student of natural history: we may be excused for adding, that several species of insects are marked as natives of Bri- tain, which have not been admitted as such into the best British collections, — a slight mistake, but one which is calculated to embarrass the beginner, and may easily be avoided in future. In the same year, Faune Parisienne (Insectes) ou His- toire abrtgte des Insectes des environs de Paris, classes d'a/ires le Systemc de Pabricius, isfc. Par C. A. Walc- kenaer, tome premiere. Likewise Observations Entomologies, &c. Carl. Fred. Fallen. Lundae. And Entomologische Beytragc. Von J. R. Schellen- berg. Winterthur, 4to. In 1803, A. II. Ilaworth presented us with the first part of an elaborate work, entitled, Lefiidofitera Britan- nica, the object of which is, as we are informed in the preface, to give descriptions of the various spe"cies of that beautiful order of insects which are natives of this country. The task is a very difficult one, this being per- haps the most difficult of all the orders ; at least in de- scribing the species, the entomologist will find himself more perplexed than in his examinations of any other. The author has acquitted himself, in our opinion, with considerable credit. Two other parts have since ap- peared, but the work is incomplete, one part being still unpublished. In this year also appeared, Versuche iiber die Insecten. Ein Beytrag zur Verbreitung des Nutzlichen und Wis- senwiirdigen aus des Insektenkunde ; von Carl. August. Schmid. Gotha. In octavo. Likewise Voyage en Hongrie ; firecide d'une Descrif, tion de la Ville de Vienne et des Jardins imjiiriaux dr. Schoenbrun, par Robert Townson ; publi6e a Londres an 1797. Traduit del'Anglois par Cantwell. Tom 3. Paris. Octavo. Also Entomologische Hefte, enthaltcnd Beitrage zur iveilern kenntniss und Ausklarung dcr Insectengcschic'hte, Kfc. Ausgearbeitet von einigen Freunden dcr Naturgc- schichte, mit Kufifertafeln, von H. Sturm. Frankfort am Main. Octavo. Lastly, D. Joh. Fried Blumenbach's Handbucli der Naturgeschichte. Edit. 7ma. Gottingen. Octavo. In 1804, James Sowerby published the first number of an octavo work, entitled, The British Miscellany, or coloured figures of new, rare, or little known animal sub- jects, not before ascertained to be inhabitants of the Bri- tish Isles, &c. The few insects figured are highly in- teresting ; but the work, from want of liberal support, has never been continued beyond 12 or IS numbers. The seventh volume of the Transactions of the Lin- nean Society of London appeared this year, in which is the following paper, " Account of the Tussech and Ai- rindy Silkworms of Bengal, by Wm. Roxburgh, M. D." In the same yea.v,Diclionnaire des Sciences Nature/Us. Par filusieurs Profc-sseurs du Museum National d' Hia- toire Naturelle et des autres /irinciflates Ecolcs de Paris, (I'Histoire des Insectes, par le Professeur C. Dumet'il.) Paris. Octavo. And JVaturhistorische Reisc durch einer Theil Schwe- dens, von Dr Fr. Weber, und D. M. H. Mohr. Gotten gen. Octavo. The Annates du Museum National d'histoire naturellc a Paris, appeared this year in quarto, volume first. In 1805, Panzer published Critische Revision der In- secten-fauna Deutschlands, nach dem Systeme bearbeitet. 1-96 hejt. 1. Bandchen. Niimberg. Octavo. E. Donovan this year gave to the world another work on exotic insects, in quarto, entitled, An Eftitome of the Natural History of the Insects of New Holland, Niw Zea- land, and New Guinea, Otaheite. and other Islands in the Great Indian, Southern and Pacific Oceans, including the fgures and descri/itions of one hundred and fftii three species, &c. This publication is extremely valuable, not only from the beauty and accuracy of the engravings and descriptions, but also from its rarity, lew copies having been published. Also, Georgii Augusti Goldfuss Enumeratio Ituecto- rum Eleutheratorum capitis bonie Sfiei totiusque Africa. Descri/itione Ico7iibusque nonnullarum sjiecicrum novarum itlusirata. Erlangae. Octavo. Likewise, Journal de la Societe des Naturalistes de 664 ENTOMOLOGY. I'Universile Imperiale de Moscow. Premiere annde. JVo. t. et 2. Avec figures. Moscow. Quarto. And Insectes recueiltees en Afrique et en AmSrique, dans les Iioyaumes d'Ovare et de Benin, a Saint Domin- gue et dans tes ctats-unis, pendant les annees 1786 et 7. Par A. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois. Paris. Folio. And Deutschlunds Fauna in Abbildungen nach der No- tar mit Beschreibungen von Jacob Sturm, Sec. Nurnberg. Lastly, Vollstdndige Naturgeschichte der schddlichcn Forstinseclcn,?iebst einem Nachtrag der Schonenswrethen Insecten, tuclche die schddlichen verlilgen he/fen. Ein Handbuch fur Forstmdnner, Cameralisten und Oecono- wen. Herausgegeben -von Johan. Math. Bechsteine und Georg. Ludw. Scharfenberg, in drey Theilen mit 13 Quartkuftfem. Leipzig. Quarto. In 1806, C. Dunieril published at Paris, his Zoologie Analylique ou Methode Naturelle de Classification des Animaux, &c. in which we have the Insecta and Arach- ■ nides classed together, with tabular views of the genera. An interesting and highly useful work, entitled, Syno- nymia Insectorum, &c. von C. J. Schbnherr, fcc. Stock- holm, was published, Vol. I. Part I. which contains sy- nonymes of each species of insect, with descriptions of such as are new, with occasional remarks. If continued, it will form in itself a considerable part of an entomolo- gical library. P. A. Latreille also this year published the first vo- lume of his Genera Crustaceorum ct Insectorum; but as we shall follow his arrangement with but little altera- tion, in the insect class, we shall not enter into any ac- count of the merits of the work, which we think the best on the subject hitherto published. Dr G. W. F. Panzer published a tract, in small octa- vo, on the Hymenoptera, entitled, Entomologischer Ver- such die Jiirineschen Gattungen der Linneschen Hyme- noptern nach dem Fabriciusschcn System zu Pruffen, &c. von Dr G. W. F. Panzer. Nurnberg. Also, Handbuch der Neuesten Entdeckungen in der Heilmittellehre, von D. Karl. Friedr. Burdach. Leipzig. Octavo. <■■ And Svensk Entomologi ab Carl. Iser. Linkbping. Oc- tavo. Lastly, Svensk Zoologi, eller Svenska Djurens Historia, bbrjad ab C. Quesne\,fortsatt ab O. Swartz, utgifver med illumincrande flgurcr ab J. W. Palmstruch. Stockholm. Octavo. In 1807, a beautiful work, entitled, Coloured specimens, to illustrate the Natural History of Butterflies, from the collection of Mr Lee of Hammersmith. This publication is illustrated by twenty copperplates, beautifully colour- ed, and so admirably executed as to resemble highly finished drawings. It is the production of a lady, whose name we are not at liberty to mention, although the work has done her infinite credit. Latreille this year published the second and third vo- lumes of his Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. An interesting work was also produced, entitled, Dis- sertatio Monographia Cantharulum el Malachiorum Sve- cia. Auctor. Carl. Fried. Fallen. Luntlae. The first part of the Transactions of the Entomologi- cal Society of London, was published this year, and con- tains notices of a few new British insects, &c. which we shall notice under their proper head hereafter. In 1808, Sc! onherr published a second part of his Sy- nonomia Insectorum. And a very interesting work on the insects of Sweden, entitled Insecta Svecica descrifita a Leonardo Gyllenhal, volume the first, which treats of the coleoptera; a second volume, on the same order, has lately reached this coun- try. The descriptions of the species are far more elabo- rate than any wc have yet seen, except Mr Kirby's./1/o- nog. Ap. Aug.; and if continued, will be the best general work on the Swedish insects that has hitherto appeared. The ninth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London appeared this year, in which we find, " The genus Ajiion of Herbst's Natur. System consider- ed, its characters laid down, and many of the species de- scribed, by the Rev. W. Kirby." — " Some observations on the insect which destroys the wheat, supposed to be the wire- worm, by Thomas Walford, Esq. with additional notes by T. Marsham, Esq."—" Descriptions of Noto- clea,* a new genus of coleopterous insects, from New Holland, by T. Marsham, Esq." In 1809, the fourth volume, completing the Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum of Latreille, was published. In 1810, P. A. Latreille published an interesting work, in one volume, in the French language, entitled, Conside- rations sur I'Ordre Naturil des Crustacies, des Arach- nides et des Insecten. In 1811, the second part of the tenth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London was pub- lished, in which wc find, " Description of several new species of Apion, by the Rev. \V. Kirby;" — " Some ac- count of an insect of the genus Buprestis, taken alive out of wood composing a desk which had been made more than twenty years; in a letter to Alex. M'Leay, Esq. by Thos. Marsham, Esq." And among the extracts from the minute book, we find notice of Forficula gigantea di Fabricius having been taken in Britain. In 1813, the first part of the eleventh volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London appeared, in which the following entomological papers are given : " An Essay on the British species of the genus Melb'e, with descriptions of two exotic species; by William El- ford Leach, Esq. F. L. S." — " Strepsiptera, a new order of insects proposed, and the characters of the order with those of its genera laid down ; by the Rev. William Kir- by, F. L. S." — " A Monograph of the British species of the genus Cholera; by William Spence, Esq. F. L. S." In 1814, commenced a new work, (which has since been continued in monthly numbers), entitled, The Zoo- logical Miscellany, or Descriptions of new, rare, or highly interesting Animals; by William Elford Leach, M. D. &c. Illustrated with Coloured Figures, accurately drawn from Nature; by R. P. Nodder, animal painter. This work contains descriptions and figures of several new and cu- rious insects. List of Entomological Works not mentioned in the fire- ceding pages. Coqucbert (Anton. Joann.) Illustratio Iconographica Insectorum que in Musais Parisenis observavit el in lu- ccm edidit J. C. Fabricius. Tabularum decas prima. Fol. Parisiis. An. 7. Espers Der Europaischen Schmetterlinge Welcher die Tagschmetlerlingc. Quarto. An Essay preceding a Supplement of the Aurelian, by Moses Harris. London. Jacobi Petiver Gazophylaceum Nature et Artis. Lon- doni. Folio. Scpp's Bcschouwing der U r onderin Gods in dc Mint- • This genus was constructed by Olivier long before the publication of Mr Marsham's Dissertation, under the name Pabotsis. ENTOMOLOGY. 665 geachte Sche/izelln of Nederlandachc Insecten. Amster- dam. In three volumes, quarto. Planchea enlumintes, fiar Daubenton le jeune. Folio. This work contains figures of several very rare insects, principally of the lepidopterous order. E/i/iemerides Academics Ceaaree JYatura Curioaorum. 4to. Erucarum Ortus, Mimcntum et Paradoxa Metamor- fthosis, par Mariam Sibillam Merian. Amstclodami. Johannis Eusebii Voet Descri/ilionea et Icones Colco/i- Cerorum. Quarto. Liechtenstein Catal. Mus. Holthuysen. Schrtften d. Geaellachaft JVaturforschenden Freundc zu Berlin Quarto. Abhandlungen der Halliachen A'aturforacheuden Geaell- achaft. Dessau uml Leipzig. Octavo. JVova Commentaria Petrofiolitana. Quarto. George Heinrich Barowsky Gemeiniitzige ft'aturgc- schichte des Thierreichs. Bocks Naturgcacfnchte voii Preuten. Tom. 5. Dominicus Cyrilli Entomologie JVea/iotitanis Speci- men. Johanno Lconhard Frischs Beachrcibung von allerley Inaectenin Deutachland 13 Theile. Quarto. Gleditsch Einleitung in die Foratwisaenachaft. Hamburgischcs Magazin, oder gesammlete Schriftei* mis der JVaturforchurig, &c. Herbst Gemcinnutzige JVaturgeachichte. Petri Lolling Iter Hisfianicum. Octavo. Georgius Maregraat de Leibstatt Historia A'aturalis Brasilia. Filler et Mittcrpacher Iter fier Poaeg. Nicolas Robert S/iecies Florum Faria, eneia tabulis Paris. Folio. Neuer Schau/i/az der A'atur. Schmeidleina Taschenbuch fur Insectenfreunde. CLASSIFICATION. By this term, wc mean the distribution of insects into subclasses, orders, tribes, families, genera, and species; and we shall take our outline from the system proposed by Dr Leach, of which the following is a tabular view. Subclass I. AMETABOLIA. Insects undergoing no metamorphoses. Order I. Thysanura. Tail armed with setae. Order II. Anopluka. Tail without setae. Subclass II. METABOLJA. Insects undergoing metamorphoses. Century I. Elythroptera. Insects with elytra. Cohors. I. Odontostoma. Mouth with mandibles. * Metamorpiioses incomplete. Order III. Coleoptera. Wings transversely fold- ed; elytra crustaceous, covering the wings, with the su- ture straight. ** Metamorphoses nearly coarctate. Order IV. Strepsiptera. Wings longitudinally folded ; elytra coriaceous, not covering the wings. *** Metamorphoses semi-complete. Order V. Dermaptera. Wings longitudinally and transversely folded; elytra somewhat crustaceous, abbre- viated, with the suture straight. Order VI. Orthoptera. Wings longitudinally folded ; the internal margin of one elytron covering the same part of the other ; elytra coriaceous. Order VII. Dictuoptf.ra. Wings longitudinally folded twice or more ; elytra coriaceous, nervous, one decussating the other obliquely. Cohors. II. Siphonostoma. Mouth with an articulated rostrum. Order VIII. Hemiptera. Elytra somewhat crus- taceous, or coriaceous ; towards the apex generally mem- branaceous, horizontal, one decussating the other ob- liquely. Metamorphoses half complete. Order IX. Omoptera. Elytra entirely coriaceous, or membranaceous, and meeting obliquely, with a straight suture. Metamorphoses semi-complete, or incomplete. Century II. Medamoptera. Insects without wings or elytra. Order X. Aptera. Mouth with a tubular sucking rostrum. Metamorphoses incomplete. Century III. Gymnoptera. Insects with wings, but no elytra. Vol. VIII. Part II. Cohors. I. Glossostoma. Mouth with a spiral tongue. Order XI. Lepidoptera. Wings four, membra- naceous, with pterigostea, covered with meal-like scales. Cohors. II. Gnathostoma. Mouth with maxillae and lip. Order XII. Trichoptera. Wings four, membra- naceous, with pterigostea, and hairy. Cohors. III. Odontostoma. Mouth with mandibles, maxillae, and lip. Ordeit XIII. Neuroptera. Four highly reticu- lated wings, generally equal in size; anus of the female without a sting, or compound borer. Order XlV. Hymenoptera. Four venose wings, hinder ones smallest; anus of the female with a sling, or with a compound borer or oviduct. Cohors. IV. Siphonostoma. Mouth tubular, formed for sucking. Order XV. Diptera. Wings, and halteres or ba- lancers two. Subclass I. INSECTA AMETABOLIA. Order I. THYSANURA. Tail furnished with setae, or filaments. Mouth with mandibles, palpi, labium, and labium. The bodies of the animals which compose this order, are generally covered with scales or hair. Their motion is extremely rapid, or performed by leaping. Tribe I. Lf.pismides. Palpi very distinct and prominent, or exserted. An- tennae composed of a vast number of very short joints. Tail with three exserted setae. Family I. Lejiismida. Body depressed, and moving with a running motion. Tail with three nearly equal filaments. Genus I. Lepisma. Linn. De Geer, Fabr. Latr. Skiouha Brown. FounioiNA. Geoff. Lamarck. Antennae inserted between the eyes. Maxillary palpi slender, composed of five joints, the last of which is elon- gate, and very slender. Labial palpi with their joints compressed, dilated, and round. Eyes small and remote. Sfi. 1. Sacharina. Body covered with silvery scales. Lejiisma Sac/iarina. Linn. Fabr. Latr. 4P 666 ENTOMOLOGY. La Forbicine /dale. Geoff. Hist. des. Ins. ii. 613. plate 20. f. 3. This is the only species known. It is very common amongst books, clothes, Sec. and wanders about during the night. It is supposed to have been originally intro- duced into Europe from America, where it is said to live amongst sugar. Family II. Forbicinida. Body convex, with an arched back formed for spring- ing. Tail with three setae, the middle one longest. Genus II. Forbicina. Geoff. Lepisma. Linn. Oliv. Machilis. Latr. Antennae inserted under the eyes, shorter than the body. Maxillary palpi thick, with six joints, the last conic. Labial palpi, with the apex membranaceous. Eyes large and contiguous. Sp. 1. Polypoda. Smoky brown, with obscure rust- coloured spots. Lepisma polypoda. Linn. Lepisma saccharina. Vill. Ent. 4. tab. 1 1. fig. 1. Machilis fioly/toda. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. i. p. 165. tab. 6. fig. 4. magnified. La Forbicine cylindrigue. Geoff. Inhabits all the temperate parts of Europe, and is found in woods, and under stones. Genus III. P^trobius. Leach. Lepisma. Fabr. ? Antennae longer than the body, inserted under the eyes. Maxillary palpi six-jointed, the fifth joint inverse- ly conic, the sixtli conic. Labial palpi, with the last joint obliquely truncate, with the apex acute, and not membranaceous. Eyes large and contiguous. Sp. 1. Maritimus. Blackish, with golden scales. Feet yellowish. Setae of the tail annulated with white. Inhabits all the rocky shores of Britain. Dr Leach first observed this species on the Devonshire coast, and afterwards in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, Can it be the Lepisma polypoda of Fabricius ? Tribe II. Podurellides. Palpi not exserted, nor very conspicuous. Antennae composed of four joints, tho last sometimes formed of several other minute articulations. Tail forked, and bent beneath the abdomen. Genus IV. Podura. Linn. Geoff. De Geer, Fabr. Lam. Hermann. Antennae with the last jtfint solid, not articulated. Ab- domen elongate, linear. Sfl. 1. Plumbea. Lead coloured, shining, with gri- seous head and feet. Podura plumbea. Linn Fabr. Lat. Podure plumbee. De Geer. La Podure grise commune. Geoff. Inhabits Europe, under stones. A good figure may be found in Roemer's Genera Insector urn, tab. 29. fig. 2. There arc a vast number of species in this and the fol- lowing genus, which are worthy of attention. Fabricius, who placed these two genera together without the slightest distinction, has described several species, to which we cannot refer, from not having studied his spe- cies, which we trust some future zoologist will be in- duced to examine. Genus V. Smynthurus. Latr. Podura Linn. Fabr. De Geer, Geoff. Sp. 1. Fuscus, Body entirely brown. La Podure brun enfumie. Geoff. Podure brun, ronde. De Geer, Mem, aur les Ins, vii. 35. tab. 3. fig. 7, 8. Podura atra. Linn. ? Fabr. Smynthurus fuscus. Latr. Inhabits Europe, is common on the ground, and in damp hedges. tlroina gibba. Latr. Inhabits France and England in moist or damp banks. In Battersea fields it is very common dining the sum- mer months. Genus XVII. Morion. Latreille. Antennae moniliform, second joint much shorter than the third. Sfi. 1. Monilicornis. Plain, elongate, very black, shin- ing; thorax on each side at the posterior angles impress- ed; elytra striated. Inhabits the American islands. Gknus XVIII. Apotamus. Hoffmansegg, Latrielle. Scarites. Rossi. Antennae filiform. Mandibles pointed. Exterior maxil- lary palpi very long and filiform ; labial palpi much short- er and subulate. Sfi. 1. Rufus. See Rossi Faun. Etrue. Genus XIX. Siagona. Latr. Cucujus. Fabr. Antennae somewhat setaceous. Mandibles pointed ; the internal edge projecting. Labial and exterior maxil- lary palpi terminated by a nearly securiform joint. S/i. 1. Rufifie*. Brunneous-black,- punctate; thorax somewhat silicate; antennae and feet red. Cucujus rujifies. Fabr. Siagona rujifies. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. torn. i. p. 209, tab. 7. fig. 9. Inh .bits Barbary. Genus XX. Sthodrus. Clairville. Harpalus. Latreille. Carabus. Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Payk. Antennae tiot moniliform, with the third joint much elo 'gate. External maxillary palpi with the iast joint, saw one, longer than the last. Sfi. I. Planus. Oblong, black more shining beneath; elytra with fine punctured striae; trochanters of hinder thighs acute. Carabus leucofihthalmus. Lin. Marsh. Carabus filanus. Fabr. Carabus sftiniger. Paykull. Oliv.' Harfialus leucofihthalmus. Latreille. S/ihoclrus filanus. Clairville. Inhabits Europe. It is found in cellars and woods. The Linnean name is rejected as absurd, most of the Carabides having white eyes after death, but never whilst living. Gknus XXI. Stomis. Clairville. Harpalus Latr. Cararus. Illig. Panz. Antennas not moniliform, with trie third joint not longer than the following articulations. External maxil- lary palpi with the last joint somewhat cylindric longer than the one before it, a little attenuated at its base, and truncate at the apex. Sfi. 1. Pumicatus. Oblong, blackish brown; antennae and feet rufescent; thorax with an impressed dorsal line, and a little groove on each side behind ; elytra with punc- tured striae. Carabus fiumicatus. Illig. Panz. Inhabits France, Germany, and England, under stones. Genus XXII. Harpalus. Latr. Caradus. Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Antennae with the third joint a little longer than those which follow. External maxillary palpi with the two last joints equal in length, the last attenuated at the base and apex. •Sfi. I, Rujicornis. Head and thorax black; elytra ob- scure blackish brown, downy, punctulatc, striated; tho- rax without foveolac behind ; antennae and feet red. Carabus rujicornis. Oliv. Panz. Marsh. Harfialus ruficurnis. Latr. Inhabits Europe, under stones ; the most common spe- cies of the genus. Genus XXIII. Zabrus. Clairville. Harpalus. Latr. Cararus. Fabr. Antennae not moniliform. External maxillary palpi with the last joint shorter than the one before it. Sfi. 1. Tardus. Black above, somewhat fuscous be- neath; antennae, tibiae and tarsi brown; thorax without foveolae, the hinder margin and abdomen widely pane tured; elytra with punctured striae. Harfialus tardus. Latr. Carabus gibbus. Fabr. Inhabits the plains of France and Italy. Genus XXIV. Trechus. Clairville, Latr. Carabus. Linn. Marsh. Antennae not moniliform. Mandibles pointed. Exte- rior maxillary and labial palpi filiform, terminated by * sharp-pointed joint. Sft. J. Meridianus. Genus XXV Licinu6. Latr. Carabus. Fabr. Antennae not moniliform. Mandibles very obtuse. La bial and external maxillary palpi terminated by a nearly seciuiiform joint. Sji. 1. Enmrginatus. Obscure black ; elytra (without the aid of a lensv) smooth. Carabus cassidens. Fabr. Illig. l.icinus enmrginatus. Latr. Gen. Crust, ct Ins. torn. :. p. 199, tab. 7, fig. 8. Inhabits Europe; but is very rare. Genus XXVI. Badister. Clair. Latr. Cararus. Fabr. Antennae not moniliform. Mandibles very obtuse. Ex terior maxillary palpi filiform; the labial palpi termi- nated by a thick short-ovoid joint. Sfi. 1. Bifiustulatus. Black; base of antennae, feet, thorax, and wing-cases, red, the latter with a sulural lu nate mark of black. Carabus bifiustulatus. Fabr. Badister bifiustulatus. Latr. Inhabits Fiance, Germany, and Britain. •* Elytra truncate at their extremities. Head and cor- selet narrower than the abdomen. Genus XXVII. Anthia. Web. Fabr. Latr. Cararus. Oliv. Linn. Thorax eordiform. Head not narrow behind. Neck not apparent. Palpi filiform. Lip projecting in the form of a horny tongue. Abdomen oval, convex. Sfi. I. Decemguttata. Black; coleopira with nine grooves, and ten white spots. Carabus decemguttatus. Linn. Oliv. jlnthia decemguttata. Latr. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope, where it is common. Gknus XXVIII. Gr aphipterus. Latr. Cicindela. Lie Geer. Anthia. Fabr. Thorax eordiform. Head not narrow behind. Neck not apparent. Palpi filiform. Lip nearly square, with the sides membranaceous, and rounded at the extremity. Abdomen orbicular, much depressed. -S^ . I . Multiguttatus. Black; front, sides of the tho- rax, and margins of the wing-cases and sixteen spots 670 ENTOMOLOGY. white tomentose; the marginal band of each elytron ■bi- dentate within. Carabus mulliguttatus. Oliv. Anthia variegata. Fabr. Grafihifiterut multiguttatus. Latr. Gen. Crust, ct Ins. torn. i. p. 186, tab. 6, fig. 11. Inhabits Egypt. Genus XXIX. Brachinus. Web. Fabr. Latr. Clair. Carabus. Linn. Marsh. Thorax cordiform. Head not narrow behind. Neck not apparent. Palpi filiform. Lip nearly square, sides membranaceous, and terminated by a point. Abdomen ]>arallelopiped. Tarsi with entire joints. Obs. All the species of this genus have the power of emitting a smart sound, accompanied by an evolution of some gas, which they repeat two or three times at short intervals when they are first taken. Sfi. 1. Cre/iilans. Red-rusty ; thorax narrowly trun- cate cordiform; elytra black-blue-green ; abdomen blackish; antennae, with the exception of the tips of the third and fourth joints, obscure blackish. Carabus crcfritans. Linn. Marsh. Brachinus crefiitans. Web. Fabr. Latr. Clairv. Inhabits Europe under stones. It is rare in England. There is a small variety found in France and Germany, that has not hitherto occurred in Britain. Genus XXX. Echimuthui. Leach. Cakabus. Linn. Marsh. Fabr. Lebia. Latr. * Brachinus. Clairv. Thorax short, cordiform, broader than long. Head not narrow behind. Neck not apparent. External maxillary palpi distinctly truncate; labial palpi with the last joint thicker. Abdomen nearly perfectly quadrate. Tarsi with the fourth joint bifid. •S/i. 1. Cyanocefthalus. Intense blue-green ; first joint of the antennae, thorax, thighs, and tibiae, red ; elytra with punctured striae, the spaces between the striae punctulated ; knees black. Carabus cyanocefihalus. Linn. Marsh. Fabr. Lebia cyanocefihala. Latr. Gen. Crust, ct Ins. vol. i. p. 191, tab. 6, fig. 12. Inhabits Europe under the bark of trees, and on hot dry banks. Genus XXXI. Risophilus. Leach. Carabus. Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Lebia. Latr. Thorax cordiform, a little longer than broad. Head a little narrowed behind. Neck not apparent. Palpi filiform, terminated with a thick ovoid truncate joint. Abdomen very much depressed. Tarsi with the fourth joint bifid. Sfi. 1. Alricafiillus. Body pale yellowish ; head black; mouth and thorax reddish ; elytra obsoletely striated. Carabus alricafiillus. Linn. Fabr. Lebia atricafiilla. Latr. Inhabits Europe under the bark of trees. In Biitain it very frequently occurs, on the sandy plains which are thrown up from the sea, amongst the roots of junci and other plants which grow in those parts. Gemus XXXII. Lebia. Latr. Carabus. Linn. Fabr. Thorax cordiform, a little broader than long. Head but little narrowed behind. Neck not apparent. Palpi fili- form, terminated with a large ovoid, truncate joint. Ab- domen much depressed. Tarsi with entire joints. Sji. 1 Qnadrimaculata. Thorax ferrugineous ; head ;'.,gulose, black, with the mouth reddish ; elytra striated, black, with two pale yellow spots on each ; feet pale yellow. Carabus quadrimaculatus. Linn. Fabr. Lebia quadrimacu/ala. Latr. Inhabits Europe, under the bark of trees. Genus XXXIII. Cymindis. Latr. Carabus. Fabr. Oliv. Marsh. Tarus. Clairville. Thorax cordiform. Head not narrowed behind. Neck not apparent. Exterior maxillary palpi filiform ; labial palpi terminated by a large securiform joint. Body depressed. Tarsi with entire joints. Sfi. 1. Humeralis. Black, punctate ; antennae, mouth, thorax, lateral margins of the elytra, the shoulders, and feet, red: elytra striated. Carabus humeralis. Fabr. Oliv. Payk. Rossi. Cymindis humeralis. Latr. Inhabits France, Sweden, Germany, and England; but is extremely rare. Genus XXXIV. Zuphium. Latr. Carabus. Ross. Oliv. Galerita. Fabr. Clairv. Thorax cordiform. Head not narrowed behind. Neck very apparent. External maxillary and labial pal- pi terminated by a large nearly obconic joint. Body very much depressed. Sfi. 1. Oleus. Red, minutely punctate; head (mouth excepted) black; elytra brown, obsoletely striate, with common red spot at the base, and another at the apex. Carabus oleus. Rossi Faun. Etrus. i. tab. 6, Fie. 2, Fabr. 5 Zufihium oleus. Latr. Inhabits Italy and the southern parts of France., Genus XXXV. Galerita Fabr. Latr. Carabus. De Geer, Oliv. Thorax cordiform. Head narrowed, and lengthened behind. Neck very distinct. External maxillary and labial palpi terminated by a large securiform joint. Bo- dy not very much depressed. Sfi. 1. Americana. Black; first joint of antennae, thorax, and feet, ferrugineous; elytra black-blue. Galerita Americana. Fabr. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. tab. 7, fig. 2. Inhabits North America. Is very well figured by Drury, in his Illustrations of Insects, torn. i. pi. 42. fig. 2. Genus XXXVI. Drypta. Latr. Fabr. Carabus. Ross. Marsh. ClNCINDELA. Oliv. Thorax cylindric. Head not narrowed or lengthened behind. Mandibles much elongated and very prominent. Exterior maxillary and labial palpi terminated by a large nearly obconic joint, (maxillary ones much length- ened). Lip elongate linear, with two auricles. Sfi. 1. Emarginata. Blue, punctate, villose ; mouth, antennae, and feet, red ; thorax with an impressed longi- tudinal line; elytra with punctured striae; apex of the first, and middle of the third joint of the antennae, brown. Dryfita emarginata. Fabr. Latr. Gen. Cruit. et Ins. torn. i. p. 197, tab. 7, fig. 3. Cicindela emarginata. Oliv. Carabus dentalus. Ross. Carabus Chrysostomus. Marsham. Inhabits France, Germany, Italy, and Englairtl. In the former and latter of these countries it is cxtreinciy rare. It has been taken near Hastings in Suffolk ; spe- cimens from that neighbourhood are preserved in Dj Leach's cabinet. ENTOMOLOGY. 671 Genus XXXVII. Odacantha. Payk. Fabr. Latr. Attelabus. Linn. Carabus. Oliv. Thorax cylindric. Head not lengthened or narrowed behind in any great degree. Mandibles not remarkably long or prominent. Palpi filiform. Observation. The structure of the mouth and the general appearance of this genus is that of Labia. Sfi. 1. Melanura^ Green-blue ; first joints of the an- tennx, elytra (apex excepted), breast, and feet, pale-rus- ty-red ; thorax distinctly punctured; elytra slightly and widely punctured, the punctures arranged into obscure striae ; knees, tarsi, and antennae (base excepted), black- ish. Attelabus melanurus. Linn. Odacantha melanura. Payk. Fabr. Inhabits Europe. In Britain it occurs near Swansea, and near Norwich in considerable abundance. Genus XXXVIII. Agha. Fabr. Latr. • Thorax nearly conic. Head much narrowed behind and lengthened. Palpi filiform, the labial ones with the last joint oval-round. Observation. In the structure of the mouth, this ge- nus makes a near approach to Lebia, from which it dif- fers in having the last joint of the labial palpi more elongate. Latreille makes two divisions, which wc sup- pose should constitute genera. * Fourth joint of the tarsi bifid. Sfi. 1. Mnea. Thorax punctate; elytra bidentate. Agra xnea. Fabr. Agra cajennensis. Latr. Inhabits South America. ** All the joints of the tarsi entire. Sfi. 2. Surinamensis. Brunneous; head and thorax black ; antennae intersected with white and black ; elytra striated, with their apex bidentate ; feet red. Agra surinamensis. Latr. Inhabits Surinam. Sfi. 3. Pennsylvanica. Black; elytra red, with punc- tured striae at the base ; marginal spot, another on the suture, and the tip, black ; feet red ; knees black. Inhabits Pennsylvania. ** Lip not prominent ; mandibles small, their internal edge neither toothed or prominent. Genus XXXIX. Panag^us. Latr. Carabus. Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Thorax orbicular. Head narrower than the abdomen, with very prominent globular eyes. Neck distinct. Ab- domen large, nearly quadrate. Sfi. 1. Crux-major. Black, deeply punctured; elytra red, with punctured striae, and a cross, and tips black. Carabus crux-major. Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Panz. ■'• Panageus crux-major. Latr. Inhabits Europe. c. Labial and external maxillary palpi with the last joint cylindric-oval. Antennae crooked.- Mandibles short. Genus XL. Loricera. Latr. Carabus. Fab. Marsh. Antennae incurved, the first joints differing in size and in proportion from the others. Mandibles with the back notched and unidentate. Thorax nearly orbicular. Neck distinct. Sfi. 1. JEnea. Elytra with punctured striae; the fourth stria from the suture with three foreae. Carabus fiilicornis. Fab. Oliv. Marsh. Loricera &nea. Lat. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 1. Tab. 7, fig. 6. Inhabits France, Germany, and England. B. anterior tibiae not notched on their internal edge. a. Lip very short, not projecting beyond the first joint of the palpi. External base of the maxillae not remarkably ciliated. Abdomen more or less thick. Genus XLI. Cychrls. Fab. Payk. Latr. Carabus. De Gecr, Oliv. Marsh. Tenebrio. Linn. Mandibles narrow, very long, bidentate at their extre- mities. Elytra embracing the abdomen. Labial and external maxillary palpi with the last joint much com- pressed, concave and securiform, or rather spoon-shaped. Thorax somewhat cordate. Sfi. 1. Rostratus. Black, elytra sharply punctate-ru- gose. Cychrus rostratus. Fabr. Latr. Tenebrio rostratus. Linn. Carabus rostratus. Marsli. Oliv. Inhabits Europe. In England it is rather uncom- mon, but in Scotland it occurs very frequently under stones. ■ Genus XLII. Calosoma. Web. Fabr. Latr. Carabus. Linn. De Geer, Oliv. Mandibles neither very narrow or long. Thorax nearly orbicular. Abdomen nearly quadrate. Labial and external maxillary palpi with the last joint some- what conic or triangular. Sfi. 1. Sycofihanta. Violet-black; elytra gold or cop- pery green, with about sixteen punctured striae on each, the intervals obsoletely intersected transversely, the fourth, eighth, and twelfth from the suture, with some impressed spots. Carabus Sycofihanta. Linn. Calosoma Sycofihanta. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits the European woods. There are but few in- stances of its having occurred in this country, six spe- cimens only being known to us that have been clearly ascertained to be British. Two of these from Ireland are preserved in the collection of Mr Sowerby ; one iir the collection of W. J. Hooker, Esq. of Halesworth ; another in the museum of S. Wilkin, Esq. which was taken in the county of Norfolk with the preceding spe- cimen; a fifth occurred in Devon, near Kingsbridgc, which is now, with another specimen, in the collection of Dr Leach. Calosoma Inquisitor of Fabricius is sometimes taken near London, and it has been taken by Dr Leach near Tavistock in Devonshire ; but it must be esteemed a rare British insect. It is said sometimes to occur in- plenty near Windsor, on the white thorn hedges, feeding on the larvae of Iepidopterous insects. Genus XLIII. Carabus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Panz. Marsh. Mandibles neither very narrow or long. Thorax cor- diform, truncate, and notched behind. Abdomen ovate. Obs. As the British species of this genus have been most sadly confused, we shall describe the species, for the purpose of correcting the errors of nomenclature, which Mr Marsham has tended not a little to increase. Sfi. 1. Violaceus. Black; margins of the thorax and elytra violet-copper ; elytra finely rugulose, somewhat smooth ; abdomen elongate oval. Carabus violaceus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Marsh. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Carabus fiurfiurascens is said to have been taken in' Britain; but we have not been enabled to identify it with certainty. Sfi. 2. Catenulatus. Black ; margins of thorax and elytra violet; thorax broader than long, deeply sinar- 672 ENTOMOLOGY. ginate behind ; each elytron with about fourteen striae ; the fourth, eighth, and twelfth from the suture inter- rupted ; the intervals with a distinct somewhat rugose Hue ; abdomen oval. Carabus caienulatus. Scop. Fabr. Latr. Carabits intricatus. Marsh. Oliv. Inhabits the south of France, Germany, and Britain. It is sometimes found quite black, at other times with a tinge of fine violet. It is very plentiful in Ireland, Scotland, and England, especially in the two former countries. Sfi. 3. Intricatus. Black violet above, black beneath ; thorax narrow, with nearly equal diameters ; elytra with irregular striae, the intervals punctate-rugose ; each elytron with three elevated catenulated lines. Carabus intricatus. Linn. Latr. Carabus cyaneus. Fabr. Panzer. Inhabits Europe. Is common in Germany and Swe- den, but is rare in France. There is but one instance of its having occurred in Britain : Dr Leach took a single specimen under a stone in a wood opposite the Virtuous-Lady Mine, on the river Tavy, below Tavis- tock in Devonshire, in the last week in May. It is sin- gular, that Mr Marsham, (who has every opportunity of examining the Linnean cabinet,) should have confound- ed the former species with this, as it will in no way agree with the character. Sfi. 4. JVemoralis. Black ; margin of the elytra and sides of the thorax violet ; elytra obscure copper, rugu- lose, with three longitudinal rows of excavated spots. Carabus nemor alia. Illig. Latr. Carabus hortensis. Oliv. Marsh. Fabr. Inhabits France and Germany. Sfi. 5. Monilis. Brassy-green or violet-black above, black beneath ; each elytron with aboui fourteen eleva- ted lines, two in the middle more distinct than the rest ; the fourth, eighth, and twelfth from the suture catenu- lated ; abdomen elongate-oval. Carabus monilis. Fabr. Latr. Carabus catenulatus. Marsh. Inhabits England, France, and Germany. It varies in sculpture, those lines on each side of the entire line be- ing very frequently uninterrupted. Sfi. 6. Morbillosus. Brassy or black copper above, black beneath ; each elytron with three ribs, one at the suture ; the interstices with a catenulated line, and on each side of it, with a less distinct smooth punctate- rugose line ; abdomen elongate-oval. Carabus morbillosus. Fabr. Latr. Carabus granulalus. Marsh. Antennae quite black ; thorax often or generally cu- preous or coppery ; intermediate tibiae with a reddish- tomentose line. It varies in colour, being sometimes violet, with the sides green, or entirely black-bronze. Inhabits Europe, under stones. Sfi. 7. jlrvensis. Coppery or black above; antennae altogether black ; each elytron with fourteen elevated lines, three slightly notched transversely ; the fourth, eighth, twelfth from the suture catenulated; abdomen oval. Carabus arrensis. Fabr. Illig. Inhabits Germany, Sweden, and England. b. Lip projecting as far as the first joint of the palpi ; exterior base of the maxillae distinctly ciliated j abdomen generally very flat. Genus XLIV. Nebhia. Latr. Carabus. Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Schonher. Lip nearly quadrate, not projecting as far as the la- brum, nor tricuspidate at its extremity ; labial palpi not twice as long as the head; mandibles but little dilated externally. * Back very much depressed. Sfi. 1. Comfilanala. Pale-yellowish ; elytra paler, stri- ated with two transverse bands, composed of black lines. Carabus comfilanatus. Linn. Carabus arenarius. Fabr. Oliv. JVebria arenaria. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. vol. i. p. 221. tab. 7. fig. 6. Inhabits the sandy maritime shores of France, Ger- many, and South Wales. Sfi. 2. Brcvicollis. Black shining antennae ; palpi, tibise, and tarsi, brown ; elytra with punctured striae. Carabus brcvicollis. Fabr. Schonher. Carabus injidus. Rossi. Carabus rugimarginatus. Marsh. JVebria brcvicollis. Latr. Inhabits Europe ; is found under stones and under the bark of trees. Carabus Gyllenhalli of Schonher, which was discover- ed as a native of Britain by Dr Leach, at the base of Ben Lomond in Scotland. Has since been taken in some plenty near Edinburgh, by the late Richard Rawlins, Esq. one of the most promising entomologists of our day. JVebria sabulosa has likewise been taken near Hull in Yorkshire, by W. Spencc, Esq. ** Back convex. Gen. Helobium, Leach's MSS. Sfi. 3. Multifiunctata. Black-brassy above, black be- neath ; middle of each elytron with impressed diluted spots, in a double longitudinal series ; the intervals somewhat catenated. Carabus multifiunctatus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Marsh. JVi bria multifiunctata. Latr. Helobium mullifiunctatum. Leach's MSS. Inhabits the northern parts of Europe. In England it occurs near London occasionally, especially in Batter- sea-fields. It should be placed, in a natural series, next to Elaphrus, to which genus it approaches in habit and economy. Genus XLV. PoooNorHOuus. Latr. Carabus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Marsh. Leistus. Froelich, Clairville. Manticora. Jurine. Lip elongate, even to the labrum, the extremity with three spines ; labial palpi twice as long as the head ; mandibles with their external base much dilated. Sfi. 1. Cceruleus. Blue above ; antennae, mouth, tibia, and tarsi red- brown. Carabus sfiinibarbis. Fabr. Panz. Pogonofihcrus carulcus. Latr. Gen. Crus. et Ins. 1. tab. 7. fig. 4. Inhabits England, France, and Germany. II. Body short ovoid, nearly hemispherical ; labial palpi inserted nearly on the superior side of the lip. (06.9. These insects live near the water, and prepare the way to the following tribe.) Anterior tibiae notched. Genus XLVI. Omophron. Latr. Scolytus. Fabr. Clairville. Carabus. Oliv. Lip very small ; labial palpi inserted on the superior margin of the lip. Sfi. 1. Limbatum. Pale-ferruginous ; vertex of the head, a spot behind the thorax, a humeral spot on the elytra, and the suture with two bands of green. Scolytus limbalus. Fabr. Omofihron limbatum. Latr. Carabus limbalus. Oliv. Inhabits France and Germany, in moist situations. ENTOMOLOGY. 673 Tribe III. Dyticides. This tribe is at once distinguished from the Carabici, by the superior length of the hinder legs, which are formed for swimming. I. Labial and external maxillary palpi filiform. A. All the tarsi with five joints, the last of which is longest. Genus XLVII. Dyticus. Geoff. Illig. Latr. Dytiscus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Scutellum distinct ; anterior tarsi of the male patelli- form ; elytra of the female sulcated ; external maxillary palpi with the last two joints equal. Sfi. 1. Marginalis. Ovate, olive-black above ; luteous red beneath the scutellum, of the same colour with the elytra ; clypeus, whole margin of the thorax, and border of the elytra, red clay-colour ; bifurcatur of the sternum lanceolate. Inhabits Europe. Linnaeus considered the sexes of this insect as dis- tinct species, under the names Dytiscus semistriatus and marginalis. Dytiscus circumflexus of Fabricius, the Jlavoscutellatus of Latreille, is very abundant near London. It is dis- tinguished from marginalis by its more elongatef shape, by the bifurcate processes of the sternum being spine- shaped, and by the colour of the scutellum, which is in- variably ferruginous. Genus XLVIII. Colymbetes. Clairville. Dytiscus. Linn. Fabr. Gyll. Dyticus. Latreille. Scutellum distinct ; anterior tarsi of the male dilated, but not patelliform ; elytra of the female not sulcated ; exterior maxillary palpi with the last joint longer than the one before it. Sfi. 1. Bufiustulatus. Oval, depressed, black ; finely striated above the elytra with impressed points, which are obsolete ; antennx labrum, two frontal spots ; an- terior tibiae and tarsi obscure red ; eyes gray. Dytiscus bifiustulatus. Linn. Fabr. Dyticus bifiustulatus. Latr. Dytiscus carbonarius. Gyll. Inhabits the European waters every where. Genus XLIX. Laccophilus. Leach. Dytiscus. ' Linn. Marsh. Gyll. Scutellum, none. Antennae, setaceous. Palpi, fili- form. Sfi. 1. Minutus. Greenish-testaceous; legs yellowish. Dytiscus Minutus. Linn. Marsh. Gyll. Laccofihilus Minutus. Leach. Inhabits stagnant waters. Genus L. Noterus. Clairv. Latr. Dytiscus. Fabr. Marsh. Dyticus. Latr. Scutellum, none. Antennae, with a fifth or seventh joint dilated. Labial palpi, bifurcate. Sfi. 1 . Crassicornis. Oval, convex, brown ; head and thorax ferruginous; elytra sprinkled with impressed dots ; antennae of the male thick. Dytiscus crassicornis. Fabr. Oliv. Dyticus crassicornis. Latr. Inhabits Germany and France. Thorax in each sex, with margined sides, with an impressed longitudinal line. B. The four anterior tarsi, with four joints ; no scutellum. Genus LI. Hydroporus. Clairville. Hyphydrus. Illig. Dumeril. Vol VIII. Part II. Dytiscus. Marsh. Body oval ; the breadth exceeding the height. Sfi. 1. Fusculus. Oval, plain, black, pubescent, finely punctulated ; elytra fuscous ; antennae, feet, shoulders, and external margins of the elytra, rufous, Dytiscus fusculus. Illiger, Latr. Inhabits the waters of Europe. Genus LIJ. Hyphydrus. Illig. Clairville. Hydrachna, Fabr. Dytiscus. Linn. Marsh. Body nearly globose ; the height exceeding the breadth. Sfi. |. Fcrrug incus. Obscure ferruginous, impunc- tate ; the base of the elytra with an impression at the base of the suture. Dytiscus ovatus. Linn, Hydrachna gibba. Fabr. Hyfihydrus ferrugineus. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Dytiscus ovalis of Illiger, Hydrachna ovalis of Fabri- cius, differs from the above species, in having a more shining colour, in having the elytra darker and distinctly and widely punctured. May not the above be but sexual distinctions? Such is the opinion of Dr Leach, who could never find the sexes of each kind. C; All the tarsi five-jointed ; the first joint largest ; with a scutellum. Genus LIII. P^lobius. Schbnher, Leach. Hygrobia. Clairville. Hyphydrus. Latreille. Dytiscus. Marsham. Hydrachna. Fabricius. Antennae with the first joint longer and thicker than the rest. Sfi. 1. Hermanni. Black; head, transverse band on the thorax ; base and border of the elytra and feet ferruginous.. Dytiscus Hermanni. Marsh. Oliv. Hydrachna Hermanni. Fabricius. Hyfihydrus Hermanni. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 1 . tab. 6. fig. 5. Inhabits the marshes of France and England. The last segments of the abdomen, when rubbed against the elytra, produce a noise. II. External maxillary and labial palpi subulate ; hinder thighs covered at their base with a shield-shaped plate. Genus LIV. Hauplus. Latreille. Hoplitus. Clairville. Cnemidotus. Illiger. Dytiscus. Geoffroy, Marsham. Scutellum, none ; body oval, thick. Sfi. 1. Jmfiressus. Yellowish or ferruginous ; elytra with some obsolete abbreviated punctured striae, and with blackish lines and spots. Inhabits France, England and Germany. Tribe IV. Gyrinides. Internal maxillary palpi composed of one part. An- tennae very short. Eyes divide so as to appear as four. Four hinder feet compressed, foliaceous, formed for swimming. Genus LV. Gyrinus. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Gyll. Sfi. l. Mitator. Oval; elytra with punctured strise • the inflexed margin testaceous. Gyrinus Mitator. Gyll. Inhabits stagnant waters. 4 Q 674 ENTOMOLOGY. TRIBE V r . BuPRESTIDES. Mandibles with their extremities entire. Antennae filiform or setaceous, often pectinated or serrated. Body convex, not jumping. I. Palpi filiform. Genus LVI. Buprestis. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Antennae filiform, serrated in both sexes. Thorax with the hinder margin applied to the base of the ely- tra. Body cylindric, linear. Sfi. 1. Biguttata. Green above, blue-green beneath; scutellum transversely impressed; apex of the elytra serrated ; a white villose spot on each side of the suture, and three on the sides of the abdomen. Bufirestia biguttata. Fabr. Oliv. Marsh. Latr. Inhabits France and Germany. In England it is very rare, but was once observed in very great abun- dance, by Dr Latham, in Darentwood, Kent. Genus LVII. Trachys. Fabr. Gyll. Antennae seriated and filiform. Thorax with the hinder margin lobed, and applied to the base of the elytra. Scutellum obsolete. Body short, ovate or tri- angular. Sfi. I. Minuta. Coppery-brown above ; front impress- ed ; elytra with slightly elevated spaces, and transverse undulating bands of white hair. Bufirestia minuta. Linn. Marsh. Latr. Trachys minuta. Gyll. Fabr. Inhabits the nut-tree and elm. Genus LVIII. Aphanisticus. Latreille. Buprestis. Fabricius. Antennae massive. Sfi. 1. Emarginatus. Bufirestia emarginatus. Fabr. II. Palpi terminated by a thick joint. Genus LIX. Melasis. Oliv. Fabr. Lam. Elater. Linn. Tarsi with entire joints. Sfi. 1. Flabellicornia. Obscure blackish; antennae, tibiae, and tarsi red-brown; head punctate; thorax rough, with elevated punctures, having an impressed dorsal line ; elytra finely rugulose and striated. Elater bufirestoides. Linn. Melasis Jlabellicornis. Oliv. Panz. Fabr. Melasis bufirestoides. Latr. Inhabits Germany and the south of France. In Eng- land it has been once taken, by Mr John Curtis of Nor- wich, a most industrious entomologist. Genus LX. Cerophytum. La,tr. Tarsi with the last joint bifid. • Sfi- 1. Elateroides. Tribe VI. Elaterides. Mandibles notched, or bifid at their extremities. An- tennae filiform. Body leaping. Hinder thighs with a trochanter. Genus LXI. Elater. Linn. Fabr. Geof. De Geer, Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Obs. This genus should be divided into several others, ut the characters have not yet been developed. In Latreille's Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, we find several sections, of which we shall give some account. The last joint of the tarsi is not notched. The maxil- lary palpi much exserted. * The last joint of the antennae with the apex so ab- ruptly acuminated as to give the appearance of a twelfth joint. Sfi. 1. Ferrugineus. Antennae serrated; colour black. Thorax, with the exception of the hinder margin and elytra, red, finely punctuated, pubescent; elytra with punctured striae. Elater ferrugineua. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Panz. Marsh. Inhabits rotten trees, especially willows. In Britain it is very rare. It sometimes occurs in Kent, varies in size, and occasionally is found with the thorax entirely black. This last variety is in Dr Leach's collection. ** Last joint of the antennae oval or oblong, not abrupt- ly acuminate. 1. Body not linear, but tnree times as long as broad ; abdomen oblong-triangulate. A. Antennae (of the male at least) pectinated or ser- rated. Sfi. 2. Castaneus. Antennae of the male pectinated ; colour black; head and thorax red-tomentose ; elytra yellow punctate-striated; apex black. Elated Castaneus. Linn. Fabr. Panz. Inhabits Europe. B. Antennae simple; joints conic. Sfi. 3. Murinua. Black-fuscous, clouded with cine- reous down ; thorax bituberculate ; antennae and tarsi red. Elater murinus, Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Inhabits Europe. Is common on thistles. 2. Body linear, nealy four times longer than broad ; thorax oblong-quadrate. Sfi. 4. Marginatus. Black ; front retuse ; antennae, sides of the thorax, feet, anus, and hinder margins of the abdominal segments brownish-yellow; suture and outer margin of the elytra, black. Elater Marginatua. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Marsh. Inhabits Europe. Is found on various herbaceous plants in fields. Tribe VII. Telephorides. Tarsi with the last joint but one bifid. Antennae filiform, composed of ten joints. Elytra soft, flexible.. Thorax nearly quadrate, or semicircular. Genus LXII. Atopa, Paykull, Fabricius, Chrysomela. Linnaeus. Cistela. Olivier. Crioceris. Marsham. Dasctllus. Latreille. Maxillary palpi filiform, with the last joint somewhat cylindric; labial palpi not bifurcate. Body ovate. Feet all simple. Sfi. 1. Cervina. Black, with cinereous down; anteni nae, feet, and elytra, pale-yellow. Chrysomela cervina. Linnaeus. Atofia cervina. Paykull, Fabricius. Bacillus cervinus. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. i. 252. tab. 7. fig. 11. Inhabits Europe. Genus LXIII. Cyphon. Fabricius, Paykull, Gyl- lenhall. Elodes. Latreille. Maxillary palpi filiform, the last joint somewhat cy- lindric. Labial palpi bifurcate. Body sub-ovate or round-ovate. Feet with their tibiae simple, and their thighs not thickened. Sfi. 1. Pallidas. Sub-ovate, pale-red, punctulated, pubescent, eyes, antennae, with the exception of their base, apex of the elytra, and abdomen, blackish ; thorax somewhat semicircular, transverse, lobate behind. Cyfihon fiallidua. Fabricius. Elodes fiallida. Latr. Gen. Cruat. et. Ina. i. 253. tab. 7. fig. 12. Inhabits Europe in moist places. Sfi. 2. Fuaccacens. Somewhat round-ovate, yellowish- ENTOMOLOGY. 675 red-fuscous or blackish, pubescent ; thorax shout, trans- verse, anterior margin nearly strait ; feet and base of the antennae reddish, Elodea Juaceacena. Latreille. Inhabits France, in Petit Gcntilli near Paris. Genus LXIV. Scirtes. Illigcr. Cyphon. Pay kul I, Fabricius. Elodes. Latreille. Chrysomela. Linn. Marsham. Maxillary palpi filiform, the last joint somewhat cy- lindric ; labial palpi, bifurcate. Body ovate, inclining to round, convex. Feet, with their tibiae, terminated with a strong spine. Hinder thighs thickened and form- ed for leaping. Sfi. 1. Hemisfiherica. Black, smooth; thorax short, transverse, anterior margin somewhat concave ; tibiae, tarsi, and base of the antennae, pale fuscous. CyfiAon hamisfiharicus. Fabr. Payk. Jilodea hemiafiharica. Latreille. Chryaomela htemisfih erica. Marsham, Linn. ? Inhabits France, England, and Sweden. Genus LXV, Cupes. Fabricius, Latreille. Palpi equal, the last joint truncate ; maxillary palpi with their joints thick. Antennae, cylindric, simple. Maxillae, with a double process, the external linear, internal small. Mandibulae with their points notched. Lip bifid. Body linear, solid, rigid. Feet short. Sfi. 1. Cafiitata. Obscure fuscous, head unequal, red- dish-yellow. Cufies cafiitata. Fabr. Latr. Gen. Cruat. et Lis. 1. .255. tab. 8. fig. 2. Genus LXVI. Dhilus. Oliv. Lam. Latr. Ptiunls. Fabr. Geoffroy. Cantharis. Marsham. Maxillary palpi with their apex acute; labial short, somewhat cylindric. Antennae with their internal edge pectinated. Maxillae with one process. Mandibles notch- ed at their points Body soft, anteriorly arcuate, inflexed. Sfi. I. Flaveacena Black, pubescent, elytra yellowish. Drylua Jlaveacens. Oliv. Latr. Cantharia aerraticornia. Marsham. Inhabits Europe. Is found in Darent Wood, Kent, amongst grass, in tolerable abundance. Genus LXVIT. Lycus. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Cantharis. Linn. Lampyi.is. Geoff. Marsh. Mandibles with their entire end pointed. Antenna; compressed, more or less seriate, inserted near each other. Palpi of the maxillae, with the last joint some- what triangular, having their points broader. Head, with the mouth produced into a kind of rostrum. Max- illae with one process. Elytra nearly of equal breadth. Thorax somewhat quadrate, the anterior margin trans- verse, strait. Sfi. 1. Minutua. Elytra with four elevated lines; thorax black, with the margins much elevated; last joint of the antennae reddish. Lycua Minufus. Gyllenhall. Lamfiyris fiucilla. Marsham. Inhabits Sweden, Germany, and England, in oak trunks. It is certainly De Geer's Lamfiyre rouge a) corselet tout noir. Vol. iv. p. 46 Genus LXVIII. Omai.isus. Geoff. Oliv. Fabr. Lam. Mandibles with their apex pointed and entire. An- tennae approximate, the joints cylindric-conic ; the se- cond and third smallest. Maxillary palpi with the last joint cylindric-ovate, apex truncate. Head exserted. Maxillae with one process. Thorax nearly quadrate, a little narrower before, the hinder angles produced and sharp. Body hard. Sfi. 1. Suturalia, black ; thorax with a double excava-, tion or fossula behind; elytra blood-red, with the su» ture black, deeply punctate-striate. Omaliaus suturalia. Oliv. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits Germany. Genus LXIX. Lampyris. Linn. Geoff. De Geer, Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Mandibles pointed at their tips, sharp, and entire. Antennae approximate, the joints cylindric and com- pressed, the third of the same length as the following joints, the second small. Head concealed by the tho- rax. Mouth small. Maxillae with a double process. Maxillary palpi with the last joint triangular-ovate, compressed, the apex acute. Eyes very large. Body soft, of the male, with elytra and wings ; of the female, apterous. Thorax semicircular. Sfi. 1 . Sfiendiduta. Oblong-brown ; margin of the tho- rax livid-yellow, anteriorly with a transparent spot on each side ; abdomen with the margins of the segments, anus and feet yellowish ; breast reddish. JLamfiyria afiendidula. Linn. Latr. Inhabits Europe ; has never been found in Britain. Genus LXX. Telephorus. -Schaef. De Geer, Oliv. Lam. Latr. Cantharis, Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Gyll. Mandibles, with their apex acute and entire. An- tennae distant. Joints cylindric, elongate. Maxilla: bifid. Body soft. Palpi, with their last joint securi- form. Elytra, the length of the abdomen. Sfi. 1. Fuacus. Cinereous-black, mouth, base of an- tennae, thorax, back of the abdomen, sides of the bel- ly and anus, red ; thorax with a black spot. Cantharis fuaca. Linn. Fabr. Telefihorus fuseua. Latr. Inhabits Europe in the spring and beginning of the summer. Genus LXXI. Malthinus. Latreille. Cantharis Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Telephorus. Oliv. De Geer. Antennae distant, joints elongate, cylindric. Maxil- la; bifid. Mandibles with their points entire, and very sharp. Body soft. Palpi with their last joint ovate, acute. Elytra shorter than the abdomen. Head atte- nuated behind more or less. Sfi. 1. Rujicollis. Head not very much attenuated behind; thorax not broader than long, distinctly mar- gined behind ; body blackish ; head black"; the two first joints of the antennae and thorax red; elytra with some obsolete striae towards the suture, the apex and two pectoral spots yellow ; base of the feet, anterior thighs, and tibiae, and knees of the middle feet, fuscous ; middle of the anus reddish. Malthinus ruficollis. Latr. Inhabits France. Sfi. 2. Marginatus. Head but little attenuated be- hind ; thorax broader than long, margined all round; body blackish; basexff the antennae, whole margin of the thorax, and two pectoral spots, red-yellow ; elytra somewhat smooth, yellow at their points ; base of the feet and knees pale ; abdomen with the sides and mar- gins of the segments red-yellowish. Cantharis biguttata. Panzer. Inhabits France and Germany. Sfi. 3. Flavus. Head much attenuated behind; tho- rax not broader than long, margined nearly all round, the middle longitudinally impressed; body yellowish; 4 Q 2 676 ENTOMOLOGY. antennae (base excepted,) vertex, and dorsal mark of the thorax, blackish ; elytra with punctured striae, yellow at their points. Tele/ihorus minimus. Olivier. Malthinus Jlavus. Latr. Inhabits France and England, in the oak. S/i. 4. Collaris. Head much, attenuated behind; tho- rax not broader than long, distinctly margined behind, and with a short impression ; body yellowish ; antennas (base excepted,) head behind, middle of the thorax, blackish ; elytra smooth, somewhat fuscous, base darker, apex yellow. Inhabits France. Tribe VIII. Melyrides. Tarsi with the last joint but one not bifid. Mandibles notched. Maxillae bifid. Antennae filiform, composed of ten joints. Elytra soft, flexible. Thorax quadrate, or semicircular. Genus LXXII. Melyris. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Latr. Head ovate, much inflected under the thorax. An- tennae with the second and third joints nearly cylin- dric, the former elongate ; the fourth and following joints turbinated or conic. Tarsi with the outer nails beyond the middle beneath distinctly unidentate. Body oval. Thorax somewhat trapeziform, plain, narrower before. Sjt. I. Viridis. Green, with three elevated lines on each elytron. Mejyris viridis. Fabr. Latr, Oliv. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. Genus LXXIII. Zygia. Fabr. Oliv. Head ovate, much inflexed under the thorax. Anten- nae with the second and third joints somewhat cylindric, more slender, the former elongate ; the fourth and following joints dentate-serrated, compressed, somewhat transverse. Tarsi with the outer nails beneath under the apex obsoletely unidentate. Body oval. Thorax somewhat trapeziform, anteriorly narrower, the middle elevated. S/i. 1. Oblonga. Red; head and elytra blue or blue- green. Zigia Oblonga. Fabr. Latr. Gen. Crust, ct Ins. I. 264. tab. 8. fig. 3. Inhabits Syria and the kingdom of Murcia in Spain. Genus LXXIV. Dasytes. Payk. Fabr. Latr. Melyris. Oliv. Lam. Ulig. Head somewhat transverse, retracted within the tho- rax even to the eyes. Tarsi with nails apparently bifid. Antennae with short turbinated joints, nearly as broad as long. Lip with the apex deeply notched, almost bifid. Body without papillae. Sfi. 1 . Ater. Oblong, black, widely punctate, hairy, the hairs black and cinereous. Head with a double im- pression in front, which is ovate and roughish. Dasytes ater. Latr. Fabr. Melyris ater. Olivier. Inhabits Europe, amongst grass. Genus LXXV. Malaohius. I^abr. Oliv. Lam. Latr. Cantharis. Linn. Marsh. Telephorus. SchaefTer, De Geer. Head somewhat transverse, retractile even to the eyes within the thorax. Tarsi with apparently bifid nails. Antennae with conic or cylindric-conic joints, longer than broad, in some few pectinated. Labium with apex en- tire, or scarcely notched. Body with two papillae on each side, one under the anterior angle of the thorax, the other at the base of the abdomen. Sfi. J. JEneus. Brassy-green; head anteriorly red- yellowish ; elytra blood-red, with the base and half the suture brassy-green. Malac/iius aneus. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Gyll. Cantharis enea. Linn. Marsham. Inhabits Europe. Genus LXXVI. Hylecstus. Latr. Cantharis. Linnaeus. Lymexylon. Fabr. Oliv. Paykull. Antennae serrated, the fourth, fifth, and following joints nearly equal. Elytra covering the back of the abdomen. Thorax broader than long. Head vertical. Body linear cylindric. Sfi. 1. Dermestoides. Pale red; eyes and breast black ; or black elytra brown-black or testaceous with a black apex ; antennae, feet, and apex of the abdomen testaceous reddish. Hylacatus dermestoides. Latr. Inhabits Germany. The sexes of this insect seem to have been consider- ed as distinct species. See Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 1. 266. Genus LXXVII. Lymexylon. Fabr. Oliv. Payk. Latr. Cantharis. Linn. Elateroides. SchaefF. Head vertical. Body linear cylindric. Thorax long- er than broad, nearly cylindric. Elytra nearly covering the whole elytra. Antennae simple, somewhat fusiform, the middle joints rather largest. Sfi. 1. JVavale. Head black; thorax entirely or part- ly, elytra or their base testaceous ; under part of the body and the feet yellowish. Lymexylon navale. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Cantharis navalis of Linnaeus, who (as we have already mentioned in our history of entomological writers) wrote a dissertation on this destructive insect. The male, Fabricius has considered as distinct, under the title 'of Lymexylon Jlavifies. Inhabits in the oak of Europe, which it destroys. Genus LXXVIII. Atractocehus. Palissot-Beau vois, Latr. Necydalis. Linn. Lymexylon. Fabr. Head vertical. Body linear, cylindric. Thorax near- ly quadrate. Elytra very short. Antennae simple, somewhat fusiform, the middle joints somewhat largest. Sfi. I. JVecydaloides. Head and thorax fuscous, with a longitudinal yellowish line. Atractocerus necydaloides. Palissot-Beauvois, Latr. JVecydalis brevicornis. Linn. Lymexylon abbrevialum. Fabr. Inhabits Guinea. Tribe IX. Tillides. Antennae thicker at their extremities, serrated in some, solid in others. Elytra covering the whole abdomen. Body cylindric. Thorax narrow behind. Family I. Tillida. Tarsi, with the first joint very apparent, longer than the one before it. Genus LXXIX. Enoplium. Latreille. Tillus. Oliv. Panz. Fabr. Dermestes. Rossi. Palpi filiform. Antennae, with the three last joints much dilated, serrated. Thorax nearly quadrate. Sji. 1. Scrratkorne. Black. Elytra testaceous. ENTOMOLOGY. 677 Dermeatea dentatua. Rossi. Tillua aerraticornia. Olivier. Enofilium aerraticorne. Latrcille. Inhabits Italy. Sfi. 2. Weberi. Black. Thorax red. Elytra blue. Tillua Weberi. Fabr. Enofilium Weberi. Latrcille. Inhabits Germany. Genus LXXX. Tillus. Oliv. Fabr. Marsh. Latr. Chrysomela. Linnaeus. Clerus. Fabricius, Olivier. Maxillary palpi filiform. Labial palpi securiform. Antennae nearly completely serrated. Thorax cylindric, or somewhat cordate. * Thorax cylindric. Sfi. 1. Elongatua. Black, villous. Thorax red, black before. Tillua elongatua. Fabr. Marsh. Oliv. Latr. Chryaomela elongata. Linnaeus. Inhabits rotten trees. T. ambulana is a mere variety of this species. ** Thorax subcordate. Sfi. 2. Unifaaciatua. Black, pubescent. Elytra red at their base, with a white transverse band in the middle. Clerua unifaaciatua. Fabr. Oliv. Tillua unifaaciatua. Latr. Inhabits France, Germany, and England. Genus LXXXI. Thanasimus. Latrcille. Clerus. Geoff. De Geer, Fabr. Oliv. Attelabus. Linnaeus. Cleroides. Scliaeffer. Maxillary -palpi filiform. Labial palpi securiform. Antennae with their extremities thick, and not serrated. Thorax somewhat cordate. Sfi. 1. Formicariua. Black. Thorax and base of the elytra red. Elytra, with two white transverse bands. Attelabua formicariua, Linnaeus. Clerua formicariua. Fabricius, Olivier, Marsham. Clerua faaciatua. Fourcroy. Inhabits Europe in trees. Family II. Clerida. Tarsi, with the first joint very short, the upper part concealed by the base of the second articulation. Genus LXXXII. Opilus. Latrcille. Attelabus. Linnaeus. Clerus. GeofTroy, De Geer, Olivier. Notoxus. Fabricius. Eupocus. Illiger. Palpi securiform. Antennae with the ninth and tenth joints obconic, the last oval, obliquely truncate. Eyes not notched. Thorax conic-cylindric, narrower behind. Sfi. 1. Mollia. Fuscous, villous. Base and apex of the elytra, and a middle transverse band, with the under part of the thighs yellowish gray. Abdomen red. Notoxua mollia. Fabricius. Clerua mollia. Oliv. Marsh. Jiufiocua mollia. Illiger. Attelabua mollia. Linnaeus. Ofiilua mollia. Latrcille. Inhabits Europe, under the bark of trees, especially of willows, eating the larvae of other insects. Genus LXXXIII. Clerus. Geoff. Oliv. Lam. Latr. Attelabus. Linnaeus. Trichodes. Hcrbst, Fabricius. Maxillary palpi terminated by an obconic joint. Labial palpi, with the last joint securiform. Antennae, with the three lAt joints forming an oblong triangular mass, ex- ternally rounded, internally accuniinate. Eyes notched. Thorax conic-cylindric, Sfi. 1. Afiiariua. Blue, hairy. Elytra red, with three transverse black blue bands. Attelabua afiiariua. Linnaeus. Trichodea afiiariua. Fabricius. Clarion afirvore. De Geer, Geoff. Inhabits the nests of bees. Mr Marsham has introdu- ced this into the British Fauna, apparently without the least authority. Genus LXXXIV. Necrobia. Latreille, Olivier. Dermestes. Linnaeus. Clerus. Geoffroy, De Geer, Marsham. Corynetes. Paykull, Fabricius. Palpi terminated with an obconic joint. Antennae, with the three last joints forming an oblong triangulate mass, obtuse both externally and internally. Sfi. 1. Ruficollia. Blue-black ; thorax and base of elytra red. Dcrmeatea ruficollia. Linn. Corynetea ruficollia. Fabr. Inhabits Europe. Tribe X. Silphides. Antennae gradually thickening towards their extremi- ties, or terminated by a solid or perfoliated club. Elytra covering the greater portion of the abdomen. Body- oval, or parallelepiped. Family I. Silfihida. . Palpi very distinct. Mandibles, with their apex entire, Genus LXXXV. Necrophagus. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Silpha. Linn. De Geer, Marsh. Derme'stes. Geoffroy. Antennae not much longer than the head, terminated abruptly in a perfoliated knob. Elytra truncated in a strait line, the external margin not canalled or keeled. Body long, quadrate. Sfi. 1. Sfiinifiea. Black. Antennae ferruginous at their points. Elytra with their external margin, and a double transverse undulated band of orange. Trochanters of hinder thighs produced into a spine. Inhabits France and England. JVecrofihorua veafiitlo is readily distinguished from this species, by not having the trochanters produced into a spine. Genus LXXXVI. Silpha. Linn. Fabr. De Geer, Oliv. Lam. Latr. Marsh. Peltis. Geoffroy. Silpha, Necrodes, Oiceoptoma, Thanatophilus. Leach. Antennae a little longer than the thorax. Elytra with an external margin. Body more or less oval. Maxil- lary palpi terminated by a joint,. thinner than the one before it. * Body elongate, oval. Thorax orbicular. Apex of elytra obliquely truncate. Hinder thighs of the male thicker than the rest. Genus Necrodes. Wilkin's MSS. Leach. Oba. Kirby, Spence, Leach, and Wilkin, about the same time, considered this section as constituting a pe- culiar genus. We have adopted that name proposed by Mr Wilkin, as preferable to any other proposed by the above gentlemen. Sfi. 1. Littoralia. Black. Antennae, with the three last joints ferruginous. Elytra with three elevated lines, the two external ones connected by a tubercle. Hinder tibiae of the male arcuate; thighs of the same sex toothed. Si/fiha littoralia. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Marsh. 678 ENTOMOLOGY. Nccrodes littoralis. Leach. Inhabits dead bodies, especially on the borders of lakes, or on the shores of the sea. Sfi. 5. Curtisi. Black. Antennae, with the three last joints ferruginous. Elytra with three elevated lines, the two external ones connected by a tubercle. Hinder tibiae of the male straight ; thighs of the same sex not dentate. JVecrodes curiisi. Leach. Inhabits Britain with the other species, but is more abundant, and is not so large by one half. "* Body oval. Thorax nearly semicircular, transverse, emarginate before. (Elytra of the female entire.*) Antennae with the club abrupt, distinct. Genus Oicroptoma. Leach. Sfi. 3. Thoracica. Black. Thorax unequal, ferrugi- nous, somewhat silky. Each elytron with three eleva- ted lines. Silfiha thoracica. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Marsh. Inhabits Europe, in dead animals and pjjtrid fungi. *** Body oval. Thorax nearly semicircular, truncate in front. Antennae with a gradually formed club. Sfi. 4. Obscura. Black, dull above, finely punctate, shining beneath. Thorax smoothly punctate, the punc- tures small and close. Each elytron with three elevated straight lines. Sil/iha obscura. Linn. Latr. Marsh. Inhabits Europe. Is very common on path ways in the spring and summer. Genus LXXXVIl. Agyktes. Frolich, Latreille. Mycetophagus. Fabricius, Paykull, Panzer. Antennae a little longer than the thorax. Palpi max- illary, with the last joint thicker than the preceding joii.t. Sfi. 1. Castaneus. Shining, smooth, mouth, and soles of the feet villose. Head and thorax black, smooth, widely and minutely punctulated. Mouth, antennae, elytra, and feet, deepcastaneous. Scutelluin triangular, punctulated at the base, smooth at the apex, sides equal. Elytra striated, the striae punctated, ten in each. Body beneath brown black, apex of the abdomen paler. Feet villose. Tibiae with little spines and ciliae. Length two lines and a quarter. Agyrtes castaneus. Frolich, Latreille. Mycetofihagus castaneus- Fabricius, Paykull. Mycetofihagus sfiinifies. Panzer. Inhabits France, Germany, England, and Sweden. Family II. JVitidulida. Palpi very distinct. Mandibles notched at their ex- tremities. Genus LXXXVIII. Scaphidium. Oliv. Payk. Fabr. Latr. Marsh. Antennae, with an abrupt club composed of five some- what hemispheric joints. Body acuminated at each ex- tremity. Elytra truncated. Palpi filiform. Scutellum distinct. Sfi. 1. Quadrimaculatum. Body black, shining. Tho- rax somewhat coarctate on each side behind. Elytra widely punctured, with two blood red spots on each. Tibiae striated. Scafihidium quadrimaculatum. Fabr. Oliv. Paykull, Marsh. Latr. Inhabits fungi and rotten wood, in Germany, France, and England. Genus LXXXIX. Scaphisoma. Leach. Scaphidium. Fabricius, Latreille, Olivier. Antennae, with a club composed of'five somewhat oval joints. Body acuminate at each extremity. Elytra trun- cated. Palpi filiform. Scutelluin none. Obs. The hinder margin of the thorax at the middle produced into an angle. Sfi. 1. Agaricinum. Body black, shining, very smooth. Antennae, apex of the elytra, and feet, pale«brown. Schafihidium agaricinum. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Panzer. Scafifiisoma agaricina. Leach's MSS. Inhabits the Boletus versicolor, and other fungi. Genus XC Cholera. Latreille, Spence. Catops. Fabricius, Paykull, Gyllenhall. Ptomophagus. Illigcr. Mokdella. Forster, Marsham. Helops. Panzer. Cistela. Olivier, Fabricius. Luperus. Frolich. Dermestes. Rossi. Antennae straight, with a five-jointed club. Maxillary palpi with the last joint subulate, conic. Labial palpi with last joint obtuse. Obs. This genus has afforded the subject of a learned and interesting monograph, by W. Spence, Esq. pub- lished by the Linnaean Society in the eleventh volume of their Transactions, to which we refer the reader for de- scriptions of the species. Sfi. 1. Oblonga. Narrow, oblong. Thorax narrower behind, the hinder angles obtuse, the middle slightly fo- veolated. Antennae somewhat filiform. Cistela augustata. Fabricius. Choleva oblonga. Latreille, Spence. Catofirs elongatus. Paykull, Gyllenhall. Ptomofihagus rufescens. Illiger. Mordella fiicea. Marsham. Lafierus cisteloides. Fioiich, Inhabits moss, and under stones. Genus XCI. Myl^echus. Latreille. Catops. Paykull. Choleva. Spence. Antennae incurved, shorter than the thorax, the basal joints distinctly thicker than the rest ; club five-jointed, the joints transverse. Palpi of the maxilla, with the last joint subulate. Labial palpi, with the last joint obtuse. Sfi. 1. Brunneus. Oblong-ovate, black-brown, finely but widely punctate, sligntly pubescent. Catofis brevicornis. Paykull. Mylazchus Brunneus. Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins. vol. ii. p. 30. tab. 8. fig. 11. Choleva brunnea. Spence. Inhabits France, Sweden, and England, in which latter country it has occurred but twice. Genus XC1I. Cryptophagus. Herbst, Paykull, Gyl- lenhall. Ips. Olivier, Latreille. Dermestes. Fabricius, Scopoli, Panzer. Body depressed, back plain. Tarsi with elongate slender joints. Antennae with a compact three-jointed club. Sfi 1. Cellaris. Testaceous ferrugineous, widely punc- tate, pubescent. Thorax finely denticulated, on each side distinctly unidentate, anterior angles dilated, round- ed, ending behind in an obsolete tooth. Ifis cellaris. Olivier, Latreille. • The genus Thanatophilus of Leach, which contains Silpha tinuata of Fabricius, differs from this division merely in having the ape* of the elytra of the female deeply notched j we have therefore not adopted it. ENTOMOLOGY. 679 Dermeatea tellaria. Scopoli. Cryfitofihagut cellaria. Paykull, Gyllenhall. Cryfitofihagua crenatua. Herbst. Dermeatea fungorum. Panzer. Inhabits houses. It varies with black elytra, having the shoulders ferruginous. Genus XCIII. Engis, Paykull, Fabricius, Gyllenhall. Ips. Herbst. Erotylus. Olivier. Dacne. Latreille. Body depressed, back plain. Antennas with a three- jointed, mucii perfoliated club. Tarsi with the three first joints short. Sfi 1. Humeralia. Elliptic, black, shining, punctate ; antennae, head, thorax, humeral spot on the elytra and feet red, approaching to tflood-red. Engia humeralia. Paykull, Fabricius, Gyllenhall. I/ia humeralia. Herbst. Dacne Humeralia. Latreille. Inhabits Europe, under the bark of trees and in Bole- ti. JVitidula rufifrons of Marsham is scarcely distinct. Genus XCIV. Calobicus. Latreille. Nitidula. Rossi. Dermestes. Fabricius, Paykull. Body depressed ; back plain. Antennae with a two- jointed club. Mouth covered as with a hood. Sfi. 1. Marginalus. Elongate-oval, obscure blackish ; antennae, margins of the head, thorax, and elytra, fus- cous^ferruginous ; clytrawith punctured striae. JVitidula hirta. Rossi. Colobicua marginatua. Latreille. Inhabits the south of France, under the bark of trees. Length two lines. Genus XCV. Thymalus. Latreille. Peltis. Kugellan, Illiger, Paykull, Fabricius. Ostoma. Laicharting. Body depressed; back plain. Tarsi with the third joint neither bifid nor dilated. Palpi terminated by a thick joint. Mandibles prominent. Antennae with a three-jointed club. Sfi. 1. Ferrugineua. Fuscous-castaneous, with a paler border; thorax with impressed punctures; elytra with six elevated lines on each, three of which are punctula- ted ; the interstices with a double series of excavated punctures. Peltia ferruginea. Kugellan, Fabricius, Illiger. Thymalus ferrugineua. Latreille. Inhabits northern Europe, under the bark of trees. Genus XCVI. Nitidula. Linn. Fabr. Payk. Oliv. Latr. Mandibles prominent. Body short, depressed ; back plain. Thorax generally broad. Antennae with the third joint twice as long as the second ; club abrupt and orbi- cular, composed of three joints. Sfi. 1. Bifiuatulata. Body elliptic, brown-blackish; thorax emarginate ; elytra with a red spot on each. JVitidula bifiuatulata. Linn. Latr. Fabr. Inhabits dead carcasses and Boleli. Genus XCVII. Irs. Fabricius, Herbst, Gyllenhall. Nitidula. Latreille. Mandibles prominent, strong, and much bent at their points. Body elongate-quadrate ; -back plain. Thorax transverse-quadrate. Antennae with the third joint twice as long as the second ; club abrupt and orbicular, composed of three joints. • Gravenherst has written an admirable monograph on this tribe, illustrious author of Munographia Jpum Jngtix, is about to publish j S/i. 1. Ferruginea. Red-castaneous punctate; the punc- tures of the elytra running together at the suture ; man- dibles black at their points. Ifia ferruginea. Fabr. Payk. Panz. JVitidula linearis. Latreille. Inhabits Europe. Genus XCVIII. Biturus. Latr. Ips. Olivier. Dermestes. Geoffroy, De Geer, Fabricius. Antennae with the third joint not twice as long as the following joint ; club composed of three joints. Mandi- bles prominent. Body oval or oblong ; back plain. Tho- rax broad behind, with the angles pointed. Elytra cover- ing the abdomen. Sfi. 1. Tomentoaua. Antennae shorter than the tho- rax ; thorax short, the posterior angles broadly depressed, reflected ; body oval, black, with a reddish-yellow down ; antennae and feet yellow-red. Dermeatea tomentoaua. Fabr. Illig. Payk. Dermeatea fumatua. Herbst. Byturua tomentoaua. Latreille. Inhabits Europe, on the flowers of the ranunculus, rose, &c. Genus XCIX. Cateretes. Herbst, Illiger. Brachypterus. Kugellan. Dermestes. Linn. Fabr. Strongylus. Herbst. Nitidula. Olivier. Antennae with the third and following joint scarcely different in length ; club compressed, perfoliate,' obconic, composed of three joints. Thorax rounded, without an- gles behind. Elytra very short. Body depressed, back plain. Mandibles prominent. Family HI. Microfiefilida. Labial palpi scarcely distinct. Antennae placed in an excavation of the thorax. Mandibles with their apex arcuate and acute. Genus C; Micropeplus. Antennae with the club composed of but one joint. Maxillary palpi with the last joint subulate. Sfi. 1. Porcatus. Black ; elytra cancellated. Stafihylinua fiorcatus. Paykull. Inhabits sandy ground. Tribe XI. Staphylinides*. Antennae gradually thickening towards the extremi- ties, or terminated by a perfoliated mass. Elytra cover- ing about half the abdomen, or less, but very rarely- more. Body long, and more or less narrow. Division I. Anterior margin of the head (bearing the mandibles) immediately behind the eyes, terminated by a transverse straight line, (or with a line slightly bent in the middle,) not rounded or crooked at their sides. Antennae inserted below the middle part of the above-mentioned line. Thorax long. Neck distinct. Body very long and nar- row. Elytra covering a very small portion of the zb- domen. Genus CI. Astrap^eus. Gr;;venherst, Latreille. Staphylinus. Fabricius, Olivier, Rossi. Palpi terminated with a joint nearly securiform. An- tennae nearly filiform, distinctly longer than the head, entitled Monngraphia Cn/enfiterorum JWcropterorum. Kirby, the t oaper on this interesting tribe of insects. 680 ENTOMOLOGY. with somewhat globose-conic joints. Lip slightly emar- ginate. Sft. 1. Ulmi. Black, shining; mouth, two basal joints of the antennae, nearly the whole of the last joint but one of the abdomen, the elytra (the suture excepted,) reddish-brownish; tiiorax very smooth, with one or two impressions; elytra with four dots arranged longitudi- nally in their middle. Jstraftsus ulmi. Gravenherst, Latreille. Stafthylinus ulmi. Rossi. Stafthylinus ulmineus. Fabricius. Inhabits Italy and the south of France under the bark of the elm. Genus CII. Staphylinus. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Lam. Graven. Palpi filiform. Antenna towards their extremities dis- tinctly thicker, moniliform, the last joint obliquely trun- cate or emarginate. Lip deeply emarginate. Sft. I. Erythroftterus. Black; the greater part of the antennae, elytra, and feet, red ; hinder margins of the head and thorax, the breast and a double series of spots on each side of the abdomen, golden yellow tomentose. Stafthylinus erythrofiterus. Linn. Latr. Fabr. Grav. Inhabits Europe, in dung. Sft. 2. Politus. Black; head and thorax brassy-black; head ovate, narrower than the thorax, impressed with some distant dots : thorax with six or eight impressed dots, placed in a double longitudinal series ; elytra dark- er, nearly smooth. Stafthylinus ftolitus. Gravenherst, Latreille. Inhabits dung. Genu's CIII. Lathrobium. Gravenherst, Latreille. Pjederus. Gravenherst, Fabricius, Olivier. Staphylinus. Linnaeus, Geoffroy. Palpi subulate, with the last joint acicular and minute. Antennae nearly filiform, joints nearly conic, those to- wards the extremities more rounded, and somewhat glo- bose. Lip deeply notched, nearly bilobate. Sft. 1. Llongatum. Pubescent, minutely but widely punctated, black, shining; with the mouth, antennae, and apexof the elytra and feet, red-brown; head ovate; anten- nae about the length of the thorax, with the outermost joints nearly globose ; thorax elongate-quadrate, with ob- tuse angles, the breasts equal, the middle dorsal line smooth. Lathrobium elongatum. Gravenherst, Latreille. Stafthylinus elongatus. Linnaeus. Paderus elongatus. Fabricius. Inhabits putrid vegetables, and under stones. Sft. 2. Riificorne. Black-fuscous, pubescent, widely but finely punctate; mouth, antennae and thorax, red; elytra and feet yellow-red; antennae moniliform; thorax quadrate; dorsal line smooth, Ptederus bicolor. Gravenherst, Olivier. Lathrobium ruficorne. Latreille. Inhabits France under stones. ' Division II. Anterior margin of the head circumscribed by a curved line, the antennae inserted on this side of the level of the line. Elytra covering half the abdomen or more. Thorax generally longer than broad, or with equal diameters. Subdivision 1 . Maxillary palpi longer than the labial one, with their extremities thickest ; the last joint obscure. Body linear. I fead witli a distinct nek. Thorax orbicular or cylindric*. Genus CIV. P^derus. Fabr, Oliv. Latr. Payk. Lam. Graven. Staphylinus. Linnaeus, Geoffroy, De Geer. Antennae inserted before the eyes, insensibly thicken- ing towards their extremities; the third joint very long. Eyes moderately large. 5/;. 1. Riftarius. Body red, shining; head, antennae (four basal joints excepted), apex of the abdomen, and knees, black ; elytra blue, with wide impressed dots. Paderus riftarius. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Graven. Stafthylinus riftarius. Linnaeus. Inhabits banks, and beneath stones. Genus CV. Stenus. Latr. Cuv. Lam. Fabr. Payk. Grav. Staphylinus. Linn. Marsh. Pjederus. Olivier. Antennae inserted at the interior margin of the eyes, abruptly thicker at their extremities, the inferior joints cylindric, the outer ones conic-globose. Eyes nearly glo- bose, large. Sft.\. Biguttatus. Black, with grey down, minutely punctate, somewhat rugulose ; vertex of the head with an elevated line ; thorax behind with an impressed little line; each elytron with a reddish round spot. Stafihyiinus guttatus. Linnaeus, Marsham. Stenus Biguttatus. Fabr. Payk. Grav. Latr. Inhabits Europe in moist places near water, as on 'the banks of streams or ponds. Subdivision 2. Maxillary palpi not much longer than the labial, not thicker at their extremities; the last joint distinct. A. Mandibles strong, with their internal edge with one or more teeth. Head free. o. The second, third, and fourth joints of the tarsi very short; the last joint as long as the others united. Genus CVI. Oxyporus. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Grav. Latr. Staphylinus. Linn. Geoff. De Geer. Antennae scarcely longer than the head, terminated by a perfoliated mass. Maxillary palpi filiform; the labial ones terminated by a very large lunate joint. Thorax semicircular. Head broader than the thorax. Sft. 1. Rufus. Red; suture and apex of the elytra, anus and breast, black. Oxyftorus rufus. Fabr. Latr. Grav. Oliv. Stafthylinus rufus. Linn. Inhabits boleti and other fungi. Genus CVII. Oxytelus. Grav. Latreille. Antennae somewhat broken, incurved, thicker exter- nally, with the last joints foliate above ; the extreme joint globose ovate; the basal joint very long conic. Palpi su- bulate. Anterior tibiae very spiny, with their extremities notched or narrowed externally, with their tarsi capable of being reflected from their sides. Sft. 1. Carinatus. Black, shining, distinctly and wide- ly impresso-punctatc, front unequal, somewhat inclined to be rugulose, the anterior space between the eyes ra- ther smooth ; thorax impressed on each side ; the mid- dle with three grooves and four carinae ; the two middle ones joining together ; feet blackish ; tibiae with very short little spines. Oxytelus carinatus. Gravenherst, Latreille. Inhabits the dung of men and other mammalia. Genus CVIII. Omalium. Gravenherst, Latreille. Staphylinus. Geoffroy, Fabricius, Olivier. Palpi filiform. Antennae thicker towards their extre- ENTOMOLOGY. 681 mities, the last joints rounded, somewhat perfoliate. Thorax transverse quadrate, the anterior angles round- ed. Sfi. 1. Rivularc. Blackish, punctate; base of the an- tenna; and feet pale brown; head with two impressions between the eyes; thorax marginated, impressed at the hinder angles, back with two grooves; elytra twice as long as the thorax; obscure brown. Omalium rivularc. Graven. Latr. Sta/t/iylinus rivularis. Paykull. Inhabits France and England. b. Tarsi with elongate joints, the last joint shorter than the others united. Genus C1X. Anthophagus. Graven. Stai-hyunus. Fabr. Paykull, Olivier. Cahabus. Panzer, Marsham. Antennae nearly" filiform, the second and following joints obconic. Palpi filiform. Thorax elongate, some- what cordiform, narrow and truncate behind. Sfi.l. Punctulatus. Black fuscous, somewhat smooth, minutely and finely punctate ; antennas and feet obscure rufous. Carabus dimidiatus. Panzer. Carabus stafi/iylinoides. Marsham. Lestiva fiunciulata. Latreiile, Gen. Crust, et Ins. i. p. 297, tab. 9. hg. 1. Inhabits France and England; in the last country it must be considered as of very rare occurrence. Genus CX. Proteinus. Latreiile. Antennae evidently thicker towards their extremities. Palpi subulate. Thorax transverse. Sfi. 1. Brachytiterus. Depressed, flat, black, shining, smooth, silky above; mandibles, basal joint of the an- tennae, and feet, brown red ; head a little narrower than the thorax, triangular; thorax short, smooth, anteriorly a little narrower, the sides somewhat rounded, very slightly margined, the hinder margin twice as broad as long, the angles slightly prominent and somewhat red- dish; scutellum very small; elytra elongate quadrate, externally marginate ; the hinder and external maigins rounded; abdomen with the four last joints naked. Proteinus brachyterus. Latr. Inhabits France and England. B. Mandibles without denticulations on their internal edge. Head inserted into the thorax more or less. a. Antennx wide apart, inserted before the eyes ; the fifth and following joints, longer than broad. Tibiae spinose. Genus CXI. Taciiinus. Graven. Latr. OxYPORUS. Fabricius. Staphvlinus. Linue, Geoffroy, Olivier, Paykull. Palpi filiform. Sfi. 1 Ruffies. Black, shining, smooth; antennae fus- cous, elytra and feet generally brown; external apex of the elytra paler. Stafihylinus ruji/ics. Paykull. Tachinus ruji/irs. Grav. Latr. Oxyfiorus rufifies Fabricius ? Inhabits the dung of oxen and horses. Genus CXII. Tachypoiius. Grav. Latr. Staphvlinus. Linn. Oliv. Geoff. Marsh. Oxyporus. Fabricius. Palpi subulate. Sfi. 1 Clirysomelinus. Black, shining, smooth ; thorax, elytra (base excepted), and feet, red yellow; thorax somewhat transverse ; abdomen with the extremity trun- cate. Vol. VIII. Part II. Tachyfiorus clirysomelinus. Grav. Latr. Oxy/iorus clirysomelinus. Fabr. Stafi/iylinus clirysomelinus. Linn. Marsh. Inliabits flowers, the roots of grass, and moss. b. Antennae more or less approximate, inserted at the anterior internal margin of the eye, fifth and following joints broader than long. Tibiae not spiny. Genus CXI1I. Aleochara. Knoch, Gravenhcrst, Latreiile. SiAPHYi.txus. Linn. Fabr. Geoff. De Geer, Oliv. Marsh. Head with the hinder part received into the thorax. Obs. This genus certainly should be divided into three or more genera. * Head about as broad as the thorax, somewhat tri- angular; neck distinct, but not very slender; tho- rax quadrate, with rounded angles in some; some- what orbiculate, as broad as the elytra behind in others. S/i. 1. Canaticulata. Red fuscous, feet paler; head and the two last joints, save one of the abdomen, black ; elytra together transverse quadrate ; back of the tho- rax i xcavated with an impressed longitudinal line in the middle. Aleochara canaticulata. Grav. Latr. Stafihylinus canaliculatus. Fabr. Inhabits sandy banks and under stones. * * Head globose, behind removed from the thorax with a very distinct slender neck; thorax some- what globose, or somewhat cordate, rounded be fore, narrow, truncated behind, and narrower than the elytra. S/i. 2. Imfircssa. Reddish, head black, thorax with three lines, and with two impressions behind; base of the elytra with two little impressed lines. Meochara im/ircssa. Grav. Latr. Inhabits Agarics and Boleti. Genus CXIV. Lomechusa. Grav. Latr. Head disengaged from the thorax behind, with an in- conspicuous neck or none. Thorax transverse, the sides rounded. Antennae distinctly pcrfoliated. Sfi. 1. Bifiunctata. Black, somewhat silky, thorax con- vex ; elytra conjoined transverse quadrate, with a blood red spot in each ; feet, hinder margin of the posterior segments of the abdomen, and anus, red brown. Aleochara bifiunctata. Latreiile. Inhabits horse dung. Obs. In a natural arrangement of the genera, Psela- phus should probably be placed after Lomechusa, but in the present infant state of our knowledge, we must keep that genus in the section Dimera. TrIIIE XII. ScYDM^NIDES. Body ovoid, rounded at each extremity. Palpi vcry long. Tarsi short. Elytra hard, covering the abdomen". Antennae gradually thicker towards their extremities. Genus CXV. Mastaous. Hoffniansegg, Latreiile, Hellwigg. Ptinus. Fabricius, Olivier. Antennae filiform, (or nearly so), composed of long joints, gcniculated. Maxillary palpi with the two last joints forming an oval mass. S/i. 1. Pal/iatis. Black. Inhabits Portugal; was discovered by Count HofF- mansegg. In Dr Leach's possession there are two spr citnens which were said to have been taken in Britain. Genus CXVI. Scydm^enus. Latreiile. 4 It 682 ENTOMOLOGY. Pselaphus. Illiger, Paykull. Anthicus. Fabricius. Antennx gradually thickening towards their extremi- ties. Maxillary palpi terminated by an acicular obscure joint. Sfi. 1. Helhvign. Last joint of the maxillary palpi ob- solete; three last joints of the antenna? forming a club. Thorax ovate. Body fuscous-ved brown, pubescent. Head, thorax, and abdomen, darker. Elytra smooth. Pselafihus helhuigii. Herbst, Paykull, Illiger. Anthicus fielwigi). Fabr. Scydmienus lielwigii. Latr. Inhabits the roots of trees, and under moss. Sfi. 2. Godarti. Last joint of the maxillary palpi con- spicuous, dentiform, the joints at the apex of the anten- nae not abruptly larger than the preceding ones. Thorax somewhat elongate-quadrate, a little narrower behind. Body deep castaneous, pubescent. Scydmenus Godarti. Latr. Gen. Crust, cl Ins. 1.282. tab. 8. fig. 6. Inhabits France. Tribe XIII. Ptinides. Antennae much longer than the head, filiform, or ter- minated by three large joints, not united into a mass. Division I. Antennae uniform, not terminated, with three joints larger than the rest. Genus CXVII. Ptinus. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Lam. Oliv. Bruohus. Geoffroy. Antennae approximate, inserted between the eyes. Eyes projecting. Thorax hood-like. Abdomen nearly oval. Elytra united in the male. Sfi. 1. Fur. Red-fuscous. Thorax with four tuber- cles transversely striated, the two middle ones highest, ■with tufts of hair, contracted and margined behind. Abdomen ovate, rounded at the base. Elytra villose, with two yellow-grey bands. The second joint of the antennae shorter than the third. Under part of the body with short grey-yellow hairs. Ptinus Pur. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Inhabits houses, committing horrid devastations in museums. Ptinus testaceus of Marsham, is merely the male of this species. Sfi. 2. Germanus. Fuscous. Thorax with four tu- bercles transversely seriated ; with short, obscure-red hairs, hinder part contracted and marginated. Abdomen quadrate ovate, base straight, transverse, not narrower. Elytra blackish, with two bands and a spot at the- apex, whitish ; the shoulders prominent. Antennae with the second joint of the same magnitude with the third. Under part of the body with grey hairs. Thighs with a naked or brown band. Ptinus Germanus. Fabr. Latr. Ptinus elegans. Illig. Fabr. Inhabits houses, with the other. Genus CXVIII. Gibium. Scopoli, Latr. Buuchus. Geoff. Ptinus. Fabr. Oliv. Scotias. Czenpinski. Antennae inserted before the eyes, simple, and seta- ceous. Eyes not projecting. Thorax not hood-like. Abdomen nearly globular. Elytra united. Sfi. l. Scotias. Castaneous, shining, smooth, antennae and feet pubescent. Ptinus Scotias. Fabr. Oliv. Gibbium Scotias. Latr. Inhabits the museums of southern Europe. Genus CXIX. Ptilinus. Geoff. Oliv. Lam. Fabr. Latr. Anobium. Illiger. Serrocerus. Kugellan. Ptinus. Linn. Marsh. Antennae inserted before the eyes, very much pecti- nated in the males, serrated in the females. Body long ovoid, nearly cylindric. Thorax somewhat globose. Sfi. 1. Pcctinicornis. Body blackish. Elytra obscure brown. Antennae and feet reddish. Thorax rough. Elytra punctate. Ptilinus fie c Unicornis. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Ptinus fiectinicornis. Linn. Marsh. Dcrmcstes fiectinicornis. Linn. ? Inhabits old trees and houses, perforating them to de- struction. Ptinus serraticornis, Marsham, is the female of this insect. Genus CXX. Xvletinus. Latr. Ptilinus. Illiger. Antennx inserted before the eyes, serrated in both sexes. Body short ovoid. Sfi. 1. Lxvis. Ptilinus lavis. Illiger. Xyletinus lavis. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Division II. Antennx terminated by three joints, different from the rest in size. Genus CXXI. Anobium. Fabr. Oliv. Delamark,Latr. Ptinus. Linn. De Geer, Marsham. Bruchus. Geoft". Antennas eleven-jointed, with the three last joints ab- ruptly thicker than the others ; the ninth and tenth joints obconic ; the tenth oval. * Thorax short transverse. Sfi. 1. Tessalatum. Thorax bilobate behind the late- ral margins reflexed. Body fuscous, sprinkled with vil- lose, obscure lutcous spots. Elytra not striated. Anobium tessalatum. Fabr. Latr. Ptinus tessalatus. Marsham. Inhabits Europe. Sfi. 2. Molle. Thorax with the lateral margins not marginated, acute. Body rufous-fuscous, smooth. Eyes black. Anobium molle. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Ptinus mollis. Linn. Inhabits Europe. *» Thorax not much broader than long. Sfi. 3. Striatum. Fuscous, with greyish down. Tho- rax with a gibbous protuberance, unisulcatc above, with the angles compressed. Hinder margins somewhat, marginated. Elytra longitudinally punctate. Anobium striatum. Latr. Oliv. Illig. Anobium fiertinax. Fabr. Paykull. Inhabits Europe. Genus CXXII. Dorcatoma. Payk. Latr. Fabr. Antennx nine-jointed ; the three last joints very large, the seventh and eighth triangular, and much dilated on their internal side. Sfi. 1. Dresdensc. Dorcatoma Dresdensc. Fabr. L alr Inhabits Europe. ENTOMOLOGY. 683 Tribe XIV. Dermestides. Antennae slender, longer than the head, and termi- nated by a large ovoid mass. Family I. Dcrmistida. Sternum not produced to the mouth, or over it like a neckcloth. Tibiae spinose. Genus CXXIII. Dermestes. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Marsh. Herbst, Oliv. Antennae with an ovate club, the last joint short, not (or but little) longer than the preceding joint. Body nar- row oval. Thorax with the hinder margin straight, or obtusely lobed. Palpi very short ; maxillary palpi shorter than the maxillae, or scarcely as long. Sfi. 1. JLardarius. Black; base of the elytra with a cinereous-band, with black points. Dermestes lardarius. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Marsh. Inhabits Europe. Dermestes, 2. Vulfiinus, 3. Murinus, 4. Tesselaltts are the other indigenous species of this genus. Genus CXXIV. Attagenus. Latr.* Leach. Megatoma. Herbst. Dermestes. Fabr. Linn. Latr. Marsh. Antennae with an elongate-ovate club, the last joint longer than the preceding, (especially in the male) tri- angular or conic. Body broad-oval. Thorax with the posterior margin narrowly and acutely lobed. Maxillary palpi exserted, longer than the maxillae ; the last joint elongatc-cylindric, very long in some. Sfi. 1. Pctlio. Black; middle of the antennae and of the tarsi obscure red ; hinder margin of the thorax with three spots, and the elytra with a spot on each side of the suture, vellosc-white; antennae of the male with the last joint ensiform, very long;. Dermestes fiellio. Linn. Fabr. Marsh. Latr. Megatoma nigra. Herbst. (Variety of the male.) Inhabits skins in houses, and is found sometimes on flowers. Sfi. 2. Trifasciatus. Black; hinder margin of the tho- rax, three bands on the elytra, and the breast grey-villose. Dermestes trifasciatus. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits Europe; is found in the south of France, in Sweden, and in Scotland. Family II. Megatomida. Sternum produced over the mouth, like a neckcloth. Tibiae not or but slightly spined. Genus CXXV. Megatoma. t Herbst. Latr. Dermestes. Linn. De Gcer, Fabr. Body narrow-oval. Antennae with an oval or oblong club, with the internal edge simple. S/i. 1 . Undatum. Black ; sides of the thorax, and two undulated bands on the elytra, white-villose. Tarsi ob- scure red. Megatoma undulata. Herbst. Megatoma undatum. Latr. Dermestes undatus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Panz. Tribe XV. Byrrhides.J Body ovoid. Feet entirely or semicontractile. Ster- num anteriorly produced to the mouth in the form of a neckcloth. Antennas thicker towards their extremi- ties. Division I. Tarsi with five very distinct articulations. Subdivision 1. Antennae straight, not inserted in the cavity of the eyes. Feet perfectly contractile. Mandibles but little, or not at all, prominent. Genus CXXVI. Anthrenus. Geoff. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Latr. Byrrhus. Linn. Marsham. Dermestes. De Geer. Antennae shorter than the thorax, with the club solid. Palpi filiform, short. Body orbiculate ovate. Scutellum very minute. Sfi. 1. Scrofihularie . Black ; sides of the thorax, and three transverse bands on the elytra, grey ; suture and external margin of the elytra, and hinder margin of the thorax, red-lutescent. Anthrenus Scro/i/iularia. Fabr. Latr. Byrrhus Scrofihularis. Linn. Marsh. Inhabits plants in Europe. Genus CXXVII. Throscus. Latr. Elater. Linn. Olivier, GeofTVoy. Dermestes. Fabr. Paykull, Illiger. Antennae as long as the thorax, with the three last joints large, forming an oval club. Palpi short, with the last joint securiform. Body elliptic, narrow, depressed. Obs. This genus probably belongs to the tribe Ela- terides, from which it differs but in the structure of its antennae. Sfi. 1. Dermestoides. Brown, with grey-yellowish down ; elytra, with punctated striae. Mater dermestoides. Linn. Oliv. Dermestes adstrictor. Paykull, Illiger, Fabr. Thoscus dermestoides. Latr. Inhabits European plants; is rare in Britain. Genus CXXVIII. Byrrhus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Latr. Illig. Gyll. Cistela. Geoffroy, Marsham. Dermestes. De Geer. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax, with the four or five terminal joints gradually thicker, compress- ed. Palpi short, the last joint longest, thick, somewhat ovate. Body somewhat ovate, very convex above. Scu- tellum minute. Sfi. 1. Pilula. Byrrhus fiilula. Linn. Fabr. &c. Cistela undulata of Marsham is merely a variety of this species. Genus CXXIX. Chelonarium. Fabr. Latr. Antennae seven-jointed, the two last somewhat largest. Palpi with the last joint securiform. Body ovate, more convex below. Sfi. 1. Beauvoisi. Chelonarium beauvoisi. Latr. Chelonarium atrum. Fabricius ? Inhabits the island of St Domingo. Subdivision 2. Antennae elbowed or geniculated, not inserted in the • Dermestes of his last work. f Megatoma serra of Latreille, probably constitutes a distinct genus. t An artificial tribe, containing many divisions, 4 R % <5rS4 ENTOMOLOGY. cavity of the eye. Feet perfectly contractile. Man- dibles very prominent. Genus CXXX. Hister.* Linn. Fabr. &c. Attelabus Geoffroy. Body somewhat quadrate. Thorax transverse. Scu- tcllum small. Elytra shorter than the abdomen. Breast very large. Head intruded into a concavity in the an- terior part of the thorax. Palpi filiform, short, unequal, the last joint somewhat cylindric, obtuse. * Body depressed, the breadth exceeding the height. Tibiae broad, somewhat triangular. Tarsi short. a. Body not very much depressed. Sfi. I. Unicolor. Bister unicolor. Linn. Fabr. See. Inhabits dung. b. Bbr. Melolontha maurus. Oliv. Glafihyrus maurus. Latr. Inhabits Barbary. Genus CLXVI Amphiooma. Latr. Scarabjeus. DeGer, Pallas. Melolontha. Fabr. Oliv. Antennae with an ovoid club, having all the lamellae disengaged. Sfi. 1. Melis. Melolontha mclis. Fabr. Amfihicoma mclis. Latr. Inhabits Barbary. Subdivision 2. Labrum not prominent. Mandibles entirely or partly membranaceous. Gews CLXVII. Anisonyx. Latr. Scarab/bus. Linn. Melolontha. Fabr. Oliv. Antennae with the first joint not very large. Clypeus porrect, a little narrower in front. Palpi very slender, long, terminated by a cylindiic joint. Tarsi with un- equal nails. Minder feet large. Sfi. 1. Crinitum, Scarabaus longifies. Linn. Melolontha crinita. Fabr. Anisonyx crinitum. Latr. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. Genus CLXVIII. Trichius. Fabr. Latr. Scak ii uus. Linn. Geo!!'. De Geer, Marsham. C etoni A. Olivier. Antennx with the first joint very large. Clypeur. quadrate. Palpi short, with their last joints oval. Tarsi with equal nails. * Body almost entirely (above at least) smooth. Hin- der feet, with the tibiae and tarsi, of almost equal lengths. Sfi. 1. JVobilis. Trichius nobilis. Fabr. Latr. Cctonia nobilis. Oliv. Scarabaus nobilis. Linnaeus, Marsham. ** Body tomentose. Hinder feet, with the tarsi most distinctly longer than the tibiae. Sfi. 2. Fasciatus. Trichius fasciatus. Latreille, Fabr. Cetoniafasciata. Olivier. Scarabaus fasciatus. Linnsus. Inhabits Europe on umbelliferous flowers. Genus CLXIX. Cremastocheilus. Knoch, La- treille. Antennae with the first joint very large. Clypeus transverse, the anterior margin replectcd, arcuate, en- tire. Palpi short, with the last joint very long, cylindric, the apex obtuse. Thorax with the anterior angles di- lated, tuberculiform. Tarsi with equal nails. Sfi. 1. Castaneus. Cremastocheilus castaneus. Latreille, Knoch. Inhabits America. Family II. Cetonida. A triangular scale interposed between the posterior angles of the thorax, and the exterior of the base of the elyia. Genus CLXX. Goliatuus. Goliath. Latreille. Cetonia. Fabr Oliv. Maxillae corneous, or very hard. Mentum very large. Thorax orbicular. Elytra slightly or not at all situated at their external edge. Clypeus with two diverging lobes. Sfi. 1. Polyfihemus. Cetonia fiolyfikemus. Fabr. Goliath fiolyfihemus. Latr. Genus CLXXI. Cetonia. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. La- marck. Scarab^eus. Linn. Geoff. De Geer, Marsh. Maxi lae almost membranaceous, or coriaceous. Men- tum moderately sized. Thorax triangular, with the an- terior point truncate. Elytra abruptly sinuated at their external side, towards the base. Sfi. 1. Aurata. Scarabaus auratus. Linn. Marsh. Cetonia aurata. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits the flowers of roses. Tribe XXI. Lucanides. Antennae with a pectinated club. Anterior tibiae large and dentated. Palpi four. Labrum generally ENTOMOLOGY. 689 wanting. Mandibles very strong, corneous, dcntatcd, ex- Mentum crustaccous, distinct from the lip. Lip coria- serted. Mentum corneous. ceous, hairy. Division I. Wings generally wanting. Antennae inserted under the prominent margin of the head, partly or entirely mo- niliform. Elytra generally united, embracing the sides of the abdomen. Maxillae unguiculated on their inter- nal edge. Mentum large, transverse. Family I. Lucanida. Antennae geniculated. Labrum not discoverable. * Body ovoid, elevated, convex. Genus CLXXII. Lamprima. Latreille. Lethrus. Fabricius. Lucanus. Schreibers, Donovan. Thorax and elytra marginatcd. Antennae with the first joint straight. Mandibles very large. Sternum pro- duced into a horn. Anterior tibiae with but few teeth (four or five) ; and a scale of a triangular slope at the apex attached to the heel. Sfi. 1. Mnea, Golden green, smooth. ■Lethrus aneus. Fabricius. Lucanus eneus. Schreibers. Lamfirima tenea. Latreille. Genus CLXXIII. jEsalus. Fabricius, Latreille. Lucanus. Panzer. Thorax and elytra not bordered. Antennae with the first joint bent. Mandibles moderately sized. Sternum simple. Anterior tibiae with many teeth. Sfi. 1. Scarabaoides. Msalus scarabaoides. Latreille, Fabricius. Lucanus scarabaoides. Panzer. Inhabits Germany, Austria. ** Body parallelopiped, depressed. Genus CLXXIV r . Pi.a itci.uus. GeofTroy, Latreille. Lucanus. Linn. De Gecr, Fabricius, Olivier. Palpi short. Lip smooth. Sfi. 1. Caraboides. Lucanus caraboides. Fabricius. Inhabits rotten trees. Genus CLXXV. Lucanus of authors. Platycerus. GeofTroy. Palpi long. Lip bifid, very hairy, the lacinix resem- bling pencils. Sfi. 1. Ccrvus. (Common stag Beetle.) Lucanus cervus. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Lucanus inermis of Marsham is merely the female of this species. Family II. Passalida. Antennae not geniculated, simply bent, very hairy. Labrum prominent, and very distinct. Genus CLXXVI. Passalus. Fabr. Lam. Lucanus. Linn. De Geer, Olivier. Maxillae corneous, very much toothed. Lip crustace- ous. Abdomen sepavated from the thorax by a wide space. Elytra embracing the sides of the abdomen. Feet short. Sfi. 1. Interrufitus. Passalus interrufitus. Fabr. Latr. Lucanus Interrufitus. Linn. Oliv. Inhabits America. Sect. II. Heteromera. Four anterior tarsi five-jointed, hinder pair four-joint- Observations. Antennae eleven-jointed,* never lamel- lated or furnished with a pectinated head. Labrum in all distinct. Palpi lour. Mandibles always horny or cor- neous, their internal edge armed with one or two teeth. Maxillae crustaccous at the base, often with two laciniae, the external one largest, trigonatc, or somewhat ovate. Oil Tribe I. Pimeliadse. Family 1. Pimcliada. Mentum large, more or less cordiform. Division I. Antennae abruptly terminated by a Globose head. An- terior tibiae palmated or dentated externally. Genus CLXXVII. Chiroscelis. Lamarck, Latr. Body parallelopiped, depressed, marginated. Scutel- lum distinct. Sfi. 1. Bifenestra. Chiroscelis bifenestra. Latreille, Lamarck. Inhabits New Holland. Genus CLXXVIII. Erodius. Fabricius, Olivier, Lamarck. Tenebrio. Linn. Body nearly orbicular, gibbous. Scutellum none. Sfi. 1. Gibbus. Erodius gibbus. Fabricius, Latreille. Inhabits southern Europe. Division II. Antennae not terminated by a club. Anterior tibia: simple. > Subdivision 1 . Body nearly orbicular. Genus CLXXIX. Zophosis. Latreille. Erodils. Fabricius, Olivier. Scutellum none. Sfi, 1 . Tesludinaria. Erodius testudinarius. Fabricius. Zofihosis testudinarius. -Latreille. Subdivision 2. Body oblong. Thorax' convex, nearly semilunar, or almost orbicular. Elytra convex. Genus CLXXX. Pimelia. Fabricius, Olivier, La- marck, Latreille. Tenebrio. Linn. GeofTroy. Thorax much narrower than the abdomen, transverse. Abdomen nearly orbicular. Sfi. 1. Bifiunctata. Pimelia bifiunctata. Fabricius. Inhabits southern Europe. Genus CLXXXI. Moluris. Latreille. Tenebrio. De Geer. Pimelia. Fabricius, Olivier. Thorax narrower than the abdomen, almost orbicular. Abdomen oval. Antennae gradually enlarging externally, the last joint almost ovoid. Sfi. 1. Striata. Pimelia striata. Fabricius. Moluris striata. Latreille. Inhabits Africa. Genus CLXXXII. Tentyria. Latreille. Vol.° Vin! m pART? IL hibitthC appearance of twelve true J°i nts I ">*">' s P<*ies have the semblance of a twelfth articulation. 4 S 690 ENTOMOLOGY. Akis. Fabricius. Pimelia. Olivier. Thorax almost orbicular, narrower than tlic abdomen. Abdomen oval. Antennae filiform, terminated by two or three nearly globose joints. Sfi. 1. IntcrrujUa. Tniiijria inlcrrufita. Latreille. Pimclia glabra. Olivier. Inhabits the western parts of France. Subdivision 3. Body oblong. Thorax flat above, more or less trun- cate-cordate. Elytra plain, or but little convex. An- tennae with the third joint very long. Genus CLXXXI1I. Akis. Heibst, Fabricius. Texebhio. Linn. Pimelia. Olivier. Elytra united. Thorax with equal diameters, trun- cate behind. Abdomen oval, the external basal angles rounded. Scutellum very small but distinct. Sfi. 1. Reflexa. .4kis reflexa Fabr. Herbst, Latr. Pimelia reflexa. Olivier. Inhabits Africa and southern Europe. Genus CLXXXIV. Euryohora. Herbst, Fabri- cius, Latreille. Pimelia. Olivier. Thorax wider behind, transverse, emarginate before ; lateral margins elevated. Abdomen triangular, the base truncated. Scutellum none. Elytra united. Sfi. I. Ciliala. Eurychora ciliala. Latreille, Fabricius, Herbst. Pimclia ciliala. Herbst. Subdivision 4. Body oblong. Thorax flat above, more or less quadrate. Genus CLXXXV. Asida. Latreille. Macula. Herbst. Tenebrio. Geoffroy. Opathum. Fabr. Oliv. Pimelia. Panzer. Thorax with the sides arched, reflcxed, anterior mar- gin concave. Antennae thicker towards their extremities. Sfi. l.Grisea. O/iatrum Griseum. Fabricius. Machla rugosa. Herbst. Pimelia variolosa. Panzer. ,4sida grisea. Latreille. Inhabits France, Germany, and Italy. Genus CLXXXVI. HegEteb. Latreille. Blaps. Olivier. Thorax quadrate, the sides straight, not reflexed. An- tennae filiform. S/i. 1. Striatus. Blafis elongatus. Olivier. JHcgeter striatus. Latreille. Inhabits Tencriffe. Family II. Blafisida. Menlum small, or moderately large, quadrate or or- bicular. Division I. Palpi filiform. Genus CLXXXVIL Stenosis. Heibst. Akis. Fabricius. Tegenia. Latreille. Body elongate, depressed. Thorax nearly cylindric. Antennae somewhat perfoliated. Scutellum very small, conspicuous. Sfi 1. F'Uiformis. Stenosis augustata. Herbst. R/iinomaar bren/oides. Rossi. Jkis Jiliformis. Fabricius. Tegenia fliformis. Latreille. Inhabits Africa and the south of France. Genus CLXXXVIII. Scauhus. Fabricius, Olivier, Latreille. Pimclia. Rossi. Thorax almost quadrate. Abdomen oval, with the base truncate. Antennae with the third joint slender, nearly cylindric ; the eighth, ninth, and tenth, nearly globose ; the eleventh conic. Anterior feet thick. Sen tellurh very small. S/i. 1. Striatus. Pimclia carinata. Rossi. • Scaurus striatus. Latreille, Fabricius, Olivier. Inhabits the south of Fiance. Genus CLXXXIX. Sepidium. Fabricius, Olivier, Heibst, Latreille. Thorax truncated before and behind, the sides promi- nent. Scutellum indistinct. Abdomen oval; the base and apex truncated. Antennae with the third joint long, the tenth obconic, and the eleventh short ovoid. Body elongate ovate. S/i. 1. Tricusfiidatuin. Sepidium tricusfiidatum. Olivier, Latreille, Herbst, Fabricius. Inhabits Africa and southern Europe. Division II. Palpi terminated by a thick joint; the last joint of the maxillary ones securiform. Genus CXC. Misolampus. Latreille. Pimelia. Herbst. Body convex. Thorax almost globose. Antennae with the third and fourth joints of equal length. Scu- tellum very minute. S/i. 1. Hoflfmanscggii. Pimclia gibinda. Herbst. Misolamjius Hoffmanscggii. Latr. Gen. Crust, ct Ins. tab. 10, fig. 8. Inhabits Portugal. Discovered by Count Hoffmansegg. Genus CXCI. Blaps. Fabricius, Olivier, Lamaick, Marsham, Latreille. TenEBRIS. Linn. Geoffroy. Back flat. Thorax almost quadrate. Antennae with the third joint much longer than the fourth. Elytra with their extremities pointed. S/i. 1. Mortisaga. Blajis Mortisaga. Fabricius, Marsham, Latreille. Tcncbrio mortisagua? Linn. Inhabits cellars and churches. Division II. Wings occasionally wanting. Antennae partly or en- tirely moniliform ; inserted under the margin of the head. Elytra sometimes united, (in all) embracing the abdomen. Mentum small, not broader than long. Subdivision I. Antennae generally serrated or pectinated. Head not produced into a rostrum bearing antennae. Maxillary palpi terminated by a large obtrigonatc joint. Tarsi ENTOMOLOGY. 691 with the last joint but one bilobatc. Nails simple, en- tire, or bifid. Tiube II. Tenebmonides. Mandibles bifid at their extremities. Head more or less triangular, without a contraction behind, at its junc- tion with the thorax. Family I. Tenebrionida. Tarsi with entire joints. Antennae moniliform, not perfoliated or serrated. Maxillae unguiculated. Genus CXCII. Pedinus. Latr. Tenebrio. Linn. Geof. Marsh. Blai's. Fabr. Iierbst. Helops. Olivier. OpaTRUM. llliger. Body oval. Maxillary palpi terminated by a thick joint. Antenna; filiform; the last joints globose or tur- binated. S/i. I . Femoralis, Pedinus femoralis. Latr. Male. — Bla/is femoralis. Fabr. Herbst. O/iatrum femoratum. Illig. Co/eo/i. Bor. i. 109. Female. — Tenebrio femoralis- Linn. O/iatrum femorale. Illig. Coleo/i. Bor. i. 110. Blajti laticoltis. Herbst. Inhabits Europe in sandy places. Genus CXC1II. Opatrum. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Silpha. Linn. Tenebrio. Geoff. Body oval; Maxillary palpi, with their last joint ob- trigonate; antennae gradually thicker towards their ex- tremities; the hist joints transverse, compressed. S/i. 1. Sabulosum. O/iarrum sabulosum. Fabr. Latr. Silpha sabulosa Linn. Inhabits Europe in bandy places. Genus CXC1V\ Tenebrio.* Linn. Geoff. Dc Gcer, Fabr. Latr. Thorax behind as broad as the elytra, or scarcely nar- rower. Body elongate. Antennae scarcely gradually thicker towards their extremities, the eighth, ninth, and tenth joints transverse; the last subglobose. Men- turn some\*li;it quadrate. Maxillary palpi with their last joint thick. S/i. 1 . Obscurus. Tenebrio obscurus. Fabr. Latr. Panzer. Inhabits Europe. Sfi. 2. Molilor. (Meal beetle.) Tenebrio molitor. Linn. Fabls Latr. Inhabits houses; the larvae in meal and flour; it is called meal worm. Genus CXCV. Uris. Fabr. Paykull. Tenebrio. Latr. Atki.akus. Linn. Thorax behind narrower than the elytra. Body elon- gate. Antennae thicker towards their extremities. Men- turn ovate-quadrate; the upper margin rounded. Max- illary palpi with their last joint thick. S/i 1 . Ceramboicles. Attelabus ceramboides. Linn. U/jis ceramboides. Fabr. Payk. Tern brio ceramboides. Latr. Inhabits Sweden, in the Boletus fomentarius. ' The Genus Bokos of Iierbst, the tvpe of which t An artificial family. Family 2. Diafierida.X Tarsi with entire joints. Antennae not moniliform, their extremities perfoliated or serrated. Division I. Body linear, or nearly so. Thorax almost quadrate, Antennae terminated by a club. Maxillae unguiculated. Genus CXCVI. Toxicum. Latr. Antennae terminated by an oval compressed club, composed of four joints. S/i. 1. Richesianum. Toxicum Richesianum. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 2 tab. 9, fig. 9. Inhabits the East Indies. Genus CXCVII. Sarrotriwm. Illig. Fabr. Hisi'A. Linn. Marsh. Tenebrio. De Geer. Okthocebus. Latr. Antennae with the last six joints forming a thick, fusi- form, downy mass. S/i. 1. Muticum. Sarrotrium muticum. Payk. Fabr. llisjia mutica. Pinn. Marsh. Orihocerus /unicornis. Latr. Inhabits sandy places. In Britain it is rare, or at least very local. It has been found in gravel pits near Nor- wich, by Mr Joseph Hooker; in a similar situation near Hampstead, by Mr Stephens; and in the sandy shores near Swansea, in South Wales, it is very abundant in the months of June and July. Division II. Body linear. Thorax longer than broad. Antenna* not moniliform, gradually thickening from the third joint; the extremity more or less pcrioliated. Maxillae simple, not unguiculated. Genus CXCVIII. Hypophljeus. Fabr. Latr. I ps. Rossi, Olivier. Antenna: from the filth joint perfoliated. Labrum ex- sertecl. Mentum short, almost transverse-linear. Tho- rax elongate-quadrate, marginated. Sfi 1. Bicolor. etyfioflhlt&us bicolor. Fabr. Latr. Ifis bicolor. Olivier. Inhabits under the bark of the elm. Division III. Antennae not moniliform. Body oval, or nearly orbi- cular; a little longer than broad. Subdivision I, Antennae not serrated at their extremities. Genus CXCIX. Phaleria. Latr. Tenebrio. Fabr. Anterior tibiae elongate-trigonate. Tarsi short. An- tennae gradually thickening towards their extremities, where they arc perfoliated. Body oval. Sfi. 1 . Cadaverina. Tenebrio cadaverina. Fabr. Inhabits sandy places. Genus CC. Diaperis. Geoff. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Ciihvsomeia. Linn. Marsh. Tenebrio. De Geer. Antenna; gradually enlarging towards their extremi- is Hypophaus borop of Fabiicius, is unknown to us. 4 S 2 692 ENTOMOLOGY. ties, from the fourth joint perfoliated. Body nearly hemispheric, very convex above. S/i. 1. Boleti. JDiaperis boleti of authors. Chrysomela boleti. Linn. Marsh. Inhabits the boleti of trees. Genus CCI. Eustrophus. Latr. Mycetophagus. Fabr. Antennae gradually enlarging towards their extremi- ties. Thorax large, almost semicircular. Head much deflexed. Sp. 1. Dermestoides. Mycetophagus dermestoides. Fabr. Eustrophus dermestoides. Latr. Genus CCII. Te tratoma. Herbst, Fabr. Payk. Antennae terminated by a club of four joints, the other joints very small. Body oval. Tibiae not spiny. ■S/i. 1. Fungorum. Tetratoma fungorum. Fabr. Payk. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCIII. Leioides. Latr. Anisotoma. Illig. Fabr. Sphxridium. Olivier. Tetratoma. Herbst. Antenna abruptly terminated by a five-jointed club, the eighth joint (the second of the club) very small. Thorax almost hemispheric. Tibiae spinosc. Sfi. I. Picea. Anisotoma piceum. Illiger. Anisotoma fiicea. Panzer. Leioides fiicea. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCIV. Trachyscems. Latr. Mycetophagus. Fabr. Antennae abruptly terminated by a much perfoliated six -jointed club. Body rounded, elevated. Feet formed for digging. Tibiae very spiny. Sp. 1. Aphodioides. Trachyscelis afihodioides. Latr. Inhabits Egypt. Genus CCV. Cossyphus. Oliv. Fabr. Herbst, Latr. Head concealed under the thorax. Scutellum distinct. Abdomen included in a canal formed by the elytra. Feet compressed. Labium naked. Mentum transverse cor- dale-qfiadrate. Maxillary palpi, elongate; the last joint securiform. Mandibles abruptly attenuated. Sfi. 1 . Dcjiressus. Cossyphus de/iressus. Fabr. Oliv. Herbst, Latr. Inhabits the East Indies. S/i. 2. Hoffmanscggii. Cossyfihus Hoffmanseggii. Latr. Inhabits Barbary and Portugal. Subdivision 2. Antennae terminated by joints resembling in their form the teeth of a saw. Genus CCVI. Eledona. Latr. Bolitophagus. Illig. Fabr. Opatrum. Oliv. Marsh. Diaperis. Olivier. Palpi filiform ; maxillary ones with their last joint al- most cylindric. Antennae arcuate. Body oval, convex, generally rough. Thorax transverse, emarginate be- fore; the side often with acute margins. Sfi. 1. Agarkola. Eledona agaricola. Latr. Op.atrv.rn agaricola. Oliv. Marsh. Bolitophagus agaricola. Illig. Fabr. Inhabits Boleti and other Fungi. Genus CCVII. Epitragus. Latr. Maxillary palpi with the last joint large obtrigonate. Antennae with the four last joints dentiform. Mentum very large. Body elliptic or oblong. Thorax quadrate, or trapeziform. S/i. 1. Fuscus. Epitragus fuscus. Latr. Inhabits Cayenne. Genus CCVIII. Cnodalon. Fabr. Latr. Maxillary palpi with the last joint very large, securi- form. Antennae with the six last joints dentiform. Men- tum not very large. Body oval, very convex. Thorax transverse. Sfi. 1. Viride. Cnodalon viride. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 2 tab. 10. fig. 1. Inhabits the West Indies. Division IV. Antennae nearly or quite filiform, with their extremi- ties simple. Subdivision 1. Mandibles with their extremities bifid. Genus CCIX. Helops. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Illig. Latr. Rossi. Teneurio. Linn. Maxillary palpi terminated by a securiform joint. An- tennae as long or longer than the thorax. Thorax quad- rate or semicircular. Body convex. Obs. This genus is artificial; it comprehends the ge- nera Helofis, Platy7iotus, and part of Melandrya of Fabri- cius, and part of the genus Serropalpus of Illiger, and the rejected genus Helxa of Latreille. Sp. 1. Lanipes. Helops Lanipes. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Tenebrio La?iipes. Linn. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCX. Pytho. Latr. Fabr. Tenebrio. Linn. Cucujus. Paykull. Maxillary palpi terminated by a large almost obtri- gonate joint. Antennae shorter than the thorax. Body depressed. Thorax almost orbicular. Sp. 1. Caruleus. Pytho caruleus. Latr. Fabr. Cucujus caruleus. Paykull. Tenebrio depressus. Linn. Inhabits the mountains of France, Germany and Swe- den, under the bark of trees. Genus CCXI. Hallomenus. Helhvig, Payk. Latr. Dirc/ea. Fabr. Serropalpus. Illiger. Dinophorus. Illiger. Palpi almost filiform; the last joint of the maxillary- ones almost cylindric. Sp. 1. Humeralis. Hallomenus humeralis. Panzer. Ha/to?ne?ius Bipunctalus. Paykull. Serropalpus humeralis. Illiger, Col. Bor. 1. 134. Dircaa humeral.-:. Fabr. Inhabits Boleti, and under the bark of trees. Subdivision 2. Mandibles with their points entire. Tarsi with denti- culated nails. ENTOMOLOGY. 693 Genus CCXII. Cistela. Fabr. Latr. Lam. Oliv. Chrysomela. Linn. Mordella. Geoffroy. Body ovate. Antennae serrated. Feet rather long. Sfi. 1. Ceramboides. Cistela ceramboides. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Chrysomela ceramboides. Linn. Inhabits Europe. Family 3. Melyandrida. Four anterior tarsi with the last joint but one bilobate. Maxillary palpi with the last joint large, securiform, or obtrigonate. Division I. Hinder tarsi with entire joints. Genus CCXIII. Serropalpus. Oliv. Paykull, Illig. Latr. DircjEA. Fabr. Antennae filiform. Body almost cylindric, and very long. Sfi. 1. Striatus. Serro/ialfius striatus. Paykull, Illig. Latr. Dircxa barbata. Fabr. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCX1V. Dircjea. Fabr. Okohesia. Latr. Hallomenus. Illig. Paykull, Hellwigg. Megatoma. Herbst. Mordella. Marsham. Hinder feet formed for leaping. Antennae clavate. Body elliptic. Sfi. 1. Micans. Dircsa micans. Fabr. Hallomenus micans. Paykull. Serrofialfius miccms. Illiger, Col. Bor. 1. 135. Megatoma fiicea. Herbst. Mordella boleli. Marsh. Orchesia micans. Latr. Inhabits Boleti. Division II. Tarsi altogether with their last joint but one bilobate. Genus CCXV. Melandrya.* Fabr. Latr. Chrysomela. Linn. Serropalpus. Illiger, Bosc. Antennae simple, filiform. Maxillary palpi terminated by an elongate securiform joint. Body nearly elliptic. Thorax trapezoid, broad behind. Sfi. 1 . Caraboides. Chrysomela caraboides. Linn. Serrofialfius caraboides. Olivier, Illiger. Metandra serrata. Fabr. Latr. Criocn-tis caraboides. Marsh. Inhabits rotten trees. Genus CCXVI. Lagria. Fabr. Oliv. Lam. Chhysomei.a Linn. Cantharus. Geoff". Tenebkio De Geer. Antennae simple, insensibly growing thicker towards their extremity. Maxillary palpi double the size of the la- bial palpi, with the last joint large, securiform ; labial palpi with the last joint ovate. Body oblong, (generally villose.) Sfi. 1. Hirta. Lagria hirta. Fabr. Latr. Chrysomela hirta. Linn. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCXVII. Nilio. Latr. jEgithus. Fabr. Coccinella. Fabr. Antennae filiform, simple. Maxillary palpi terminated by an obtrigonate joint. Body hemispheric. Sfi. I. Villosus. JEgithus marginatus. Fabr. Nilio villosus. Latr. Inhabits Cayenne. Genus CCXVIII. Calopus. Fabr. Oliv. Payk. Latr. Cerambyx. Linn. De Geer. Antennae filiform, serrated. Body narrow, very much elongated, almost linear. Maxillary palpi terminated by a securiform joint. Sfi. 1. Serraticornis. Calofius serraticornis. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Cerambyx serraticornis. Linn. Inhabits northern Europe. Tribe III. Pyrochroides. Head cordiform, abruptly strangulated at its junction with the thorax. Tarsi with their penultimate joints all bilobate. Body elongate, depressed, or convex and cylin- dric. Thorax almost cordate. Division I. Antennae pectinated, serrated, or branched. Genus CCXIX. Dendroides. Latr. Antennae branched. Thorax conic. Sfi. 1. Canadensis. Dendroides canadensis. Latr. Inhabits Canada. Genus CCXX. Pyrochroa. Fabr. GeofT. De Geer, Oliv. Latr. Canthaeris. Linn. Antennae pectinated or serrated. Thorax orbicular. The prevailing colour in this genus is red and black. Sfi. 1. Rubens. Pyrochroa rubens. Fabr. Lat. Oliv. Inhabits Europe. Sfi. 2. Coccinea. Cantharis coccinea. Linn. Pyrochroa coccinea. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits France, Germany, and England. Division II. Antennae simple. Genus CCXXI. Scraptia. Latr. Labial palpi terminated by a semilunar, or large tri- angular joint. Thorax almost semicircular. Sfi. 1. Fusca. Scrafitia fusca. Latr. Inhabits France. Genus CCXXII. Notoxus. Geoff. Oliv. Illig. Latr. Meloe. Linn. Donovan. Anthicus. Paykull, Fabr Labial palpi terminated by a small truncate joint. Tho- rax almost cordiform, produced into ft porrected horn in front. Sfi. 1. Monoceros. Meloe monoceros. Linne, Donovan. Noiorus monoceros. Olivier, Illiger, Latr. Anthicus monoceros. Fabr. Payk, Inhabits Europe. • Hypulus qutrcims of Paykull is possibly referable to this genus. 694 ENTOMOLOGY. Genus CCXXIII. Anthious. Payk. Fabr. Leach. Notoxus. Illiger, Latr. Lytta. Marsham. Labial palpi terminated by a small truncate joint. Thorax almost cordiform, not anteriorly produced. Sfi. 1. Fusca. Lytta fusca. Marsham. Inhabits Europe. Sfi. 2. Antherinus. Anthicus anthcrinus. Payk. Fabr. Notoxus anthcrinus. Latr. Illiger. Lytta ant/ierina. Marsham. Inhabits Europe. TlUBE IV. MoRDELLIDES. Head cordiform, abruptly strangulated at its junction with the thorax. Hinder tarsi (sometimes the others) with their penultimate joint entire. Body elevated, ar- cuate, laterally compressed, and terminated by a point. Head very large. Elytra very short, or very narrow and pointed behind. Hinder feet large. Tibia; with spurs. Genus CCXXIV. Rhipii'iiouus. Bosc, Fabr. Payk. Oliv. Latr. Mormella. Linn. Marsh. Tarsi with all the joints simple. Palpi almost fili- form. Antennae pectinated or flabellate. Scutcllum none, or concealed. .Sy<. I. Paradoxus. Mordella fiaradoxa. Linn. Rhifiifihorus paradoxus . Latr. Inhabits Europe. It is extremely rare. The larvae inhabit the nests of Vcsfia crabro, [the hornet). Mordella fiaradoxa of Marsham, which is distinct from the Linnean species, has been found in the nest of a wasp, perhaps in that of Vesfia vulgaris. Genus CCXXV. Mokdella. Linn. Geoff. Fabr. Latr. Marsh. Tarsi with all their joints simple. Maxillary palpi terminated by a securiform joint. Antennae simple, or very slightly serrated. Scutcllum distinct. Sfi. 1. Aculeata. Mordella aculeata. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Oliv. Inhabits Europe. Gems CCXXVI. Anaspis. Latr. Geoff. Mordella. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Marsh. Penultimate joint of the four anterior tarsi bilobate. Maxillary palpi with the last joint securiform. Scutcl- lum none. Sfi. 1. Frontalis. Mordella frontalis. Fabr. Oliv. Payk. Marsham. Anasfiis frontalis. Latr. Inhabits flowers in Europe, especially of umbellate plants. Subdivision 2. Head not produced into a rostrum, bearing antennae. Antennae simple. Tarsi with bifid nails. Tribe V. Cantharjdes. Head large, cordiform. Neck distinct. Mandibles not notched at their points. Thorax almost quadrate, or cordiform. Elytra flexible. Tarsi generally with entire joints. Family I. Cerocomatida. Antennae clavate, or gradually thickening towards ♦heir extremity. Genus CCXXVII. Cerocoma. Geoff. Schaeff. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Mei.o'e. Linn. Antennae (of the males) irregular, nine-jointed, the last joint very large. Elytra horizontal. Sfi. 1. Schxfferi. Mclbe Schefferi. Linn. Cerocoma Scbifftri. Latr. Fabr. Oliv. Inhabits the south of Europe. Genus CCXXVIII. Mylabris. Fabr. Oliv. Lamarck, Latr. Antennae eleven-jointed, terminated by an arcuate mass, ending in a point. Elytra dellexcd-subrounded. Sfi. 1. Dccemfiunctata. Mylabris Decemfiunctata. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Inhabits southern France. Family II. Melbida. Antennae of equal thickness, tapering towards their points, or subclavate, as long or longer than the thorax, composed of globular or obconic joints. Division I. Penultimate joint of all the tarsi bifid. Genus CCXXIX. Tetraonyx. Latr. Antennae subfiliform, scarcely gradually somewhat thicker. Thorax short, transverse, quadrate. Sfi. 1 . Octomaculatus Tetraonyx octomaculatus. Latreille, Voyage de' M. Alex, dc Humboldt, kc. p. 237. Division II. Tarsi with all their joints entire. Subdivision 1. Elytra covering the whole abdomen; their suture straight. Wings in all. Genus CCXXX. Horia. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Head as broad as the thorax. Antennae straight, com- pressed, inserted before the eyes. Palpi with their last joint oval. Tarsi with their nail denticulate beneath. Body thick. Sfi. \. Maculata. Horia maviilata. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Inhabits American islands. Genus CCXXXI. Cissites. Latr. (rejected by this author). Leach. Horia. Latr. Fabr. Oliv. Head narrower than the thorax. Antennae straight, compressed, inserted before the eyes. Palpi with their last joint oval. Tarsi with their nails denticulated be- neath. Body thick. Sfi. 1. Testacca. Horia testacea. Latr. Fabr. Oliv. Inhabits Tranquebar. Genus CCXXXII. (Enas. Latr. Meloc Linn. Lytta. Fabr. Cantharis. Olivier. Antennae crooked, inserted between the eyes. Palpi with the last joint cylindiic. Body elongate, rounded. Sfi. 1. Afer. Meloe afer. Linn. Lytta afer. Fabr. Oenas afer. Latr. Inhabits Barbary. Subdivision 2. Elytra covering only a part of the Abdomen ; short, oval, diverging at the suture. Wings none. ENTOMOLOGY. '.95 Genus CCXXXIII. Meloe. Linn. Geoff. De Geer, Fabr. Pallas, Olivier, Lamarck, Mayer, Latr. Leach. Abdomen very large, generally soft. Antennae various. In the 11th volume of the Transactions of the Lin- nean Society of London, two papers by Di Leach, on the species of this genus, may be found, in which the species are arranged, from the structure of their antennae, into the following sections. * Antennae filiform. A. Longer than the thorax and head. B. Shorter than the thorax and head. a. The terminal joint emarginate. b. The terminal joint entire. ** Antennae thicker externally. A. Thorax elongate. B. Thorax transverse. *** Antennae thicker, and curved in the middle. Family III. Cantharida. Antennae composed of cylindric or obconic joints, longer than the thorax. Genus CCXXXIV. Cantharis. Geoff. De Geer, Olivier, Lamarck, Latreillc. Meloe. Linn. Lxtta, Fabr. Marsh. Elytra soft, elongate, linear, with the sides somewhat indexed, the back convex, rounded. Maxillae with two membranaceous laciniae, the external one acute within, subuncinate. Antennae with the first joint larger than the others ; the second very short, transverse ; the rest obconic ; the last ovoid. S/i . 1 . Vesicatoria, ( S/ianish fly) . Meloe vesical orius. Linn. Cantharis vesicatoria. De Geer, Geoff. Oliv. Latr. Lytta vesicatoria. Marsh. Fabr. Inhabits Europe ; is found on the ash, but is rare in England ; it is the common blister-fly of our shops. Genus CCXXXV. Zonitis. Fabr. Latr. Ai'alus Oliv. Elytra elongate, linear, soft, covering the whole of the abdomen, the sides a litUc inflected. Maxillae not pro- duced. Antennae with the first joint of the same length with the third ; the second ajlttlc shorter, obconic ; the third and following cylindric*; the last fusiform, abruptly terminated by a short point. ■S/i. 1. Preusta. Zonitis Prsusta. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits southern Europe. Genus CCXXXVI. Nemognatha. Illiger, Latr. Zonitis. Fabr. Elytra elongate, linear. Maxillae very much produ- ced, filiform, and curved. S/i. 1. Fit lata. Zonitis villain. Fabr. JVemognatAa vi/lata. Latr. Illiger. Genus CCXXXV1I. Apalus. Oliv. Latr. Fabr. Elytra abruptly attenuated towards their extremity. Antennae with the two first joints shorter than the third. S/i. 1. J/iiculis. Sitaris ajikalia. Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. ii. 222. iftalus afiicalis. Latr. Consid. Inhabits southern France. Subdivision 3. Head produced into a rostrum bearing antennx. Body nearly linear. Thorax cylindric. Antennx setaceous or filiform, composed of elongate, cylindric joints. Maxil- lary palpi terminated by a large obtrigonatc joint. Tarsi with the penultimate joints bilobate. Nails simple. Tribe VI. GLdemedides. Antennx filiform or setaceous. Rostrum not very flat, and dilated at its extremity. Genus CCXXXVIII. CEdemera. Latr. Oliv. Neoydalis. Linn. Fabr. Antennx inserted at the anterior internal margin of the eyes. Rostrum not elongate. Eyes prominent. Ely- tra subulate. Palpi with the last joint broader than the penultimate joint. •S/i. 1. Carulea. A'ecydalis carulea. Linnaeus, Fabricius. Oedemera carulea. Latreillc, Olivier. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCXXXIX. Stenostoma. Latreille. Leptura, Fabricius. Antennx inserted on the rostrum beyond the eyes. Rostrum elongate, acute. Eyes not prominent. Elytra long, flexible, not subulate. Palpi with the last joint cy- lindric. Sji. 1. Rostrata. Ltfitura rostrata. Fabricius. Oedemera rostrata. Latreille, Gen. Crust, ct Inn. Stenostoma rostrata. Latr. Consid erat. 217. Genus CCXL. Mycterus. Clairville, Olivier. Rhinom ycer. Fabr. Latr. Mylabris. Schxffcr. Antennx inserted before the eyes on the rostrum. Rostrum elongate, narrow. Eyes globose, prominent Elytra hard. Palpi with the last joint compressed. S/i. 1. Curculionides. Rhinomaccr curculionides. Fabricius, Latreille. Mycterus griscus. Clairville. Inhabits Europe ; and has been taken in South Devon by Mr J. Cranch of Kingsbridge. Tribe VII. Salpingides. Antennx thicker at their extremities. Rostrum very- flat, and dilated at its extremity. Genus CCXLI. Salpingus. Illiger. Curculio. Linn. De Geer, Marsh. Anthriuus. Fabricius, Paykull, Panzer, Clairville. PvHinosimus. Latreillc. Antennx inserted before the eyes. Elytra rigid. S/i. 1. Roboris. Jtnthribus roboris. Paykull, Fabricius, Clairville. Rhinoximus roboris. Latreille. Curculio rufcollis? Linnxus. Inhabits Europe, beneath the bark of trees. Section III. Tethamera. Tarsi with four joints. Division I. RYNCiiopiioni. Latreille. Head anteriorly rostrated ; the mouth at the apex of the rostrum. Tribe I. Bruciiides. Palpi obvious, filiform, not very minute. Rostrum broad. Labium exserted. Antennx eleven-jointed; sub- clavate, with the club formed of distinct joints, in some ; filiform, or gradually thicker towards their points, in others; seriated, or pectinated.' Genus CCXLII. Platyhhinus. Clairville. Anthribus. Fabricius, Gcoffroy, Paykull, Latr. Macuocephalus. Olivier. 696 ENTOMOLOGY. Antennae clavate, t'uc club elongate. Eyes not emar- ginate. Elytra covering the anus above. Body ovate- oblong. Abdomen somewhat elongate-quadrate, round- ed behind. Thorax somewhat quadrate, a little nar- rower before. Rostrum broad. Head scarcely nar- rower at the base. S/i. 1. Latirostris. Anthribus latirostris. Fabricius, Latreille, Paykull. Platyrhiniis latirostris. Clairvillc. Macrore/ihalus latirostris. Olivier. Inhabits woods in Europe., Genus CCXLI1I. Anthribus. Paykull, Fabricius, Latreille, GeofFroy. Maorocephalus. Olivier. Antennae clavate, the club ovate, abrupt, incressated. Eyes not emarginate. Elytra covering the anus above. Body short, oval, thick. Thorax transverse, broader behind, lobatcd. Rostrum short. S/i. 1. Scabrosus. Anthribus scabrosus. Paykull, Fabricius, Latreille. Afacroce/ihalus scabrosus. Olivier. Inhabits the elm. Genus CCXLIV. Rhinomacer. Olivier, Fabricius. Anthribus. Paykull, Latreille. Antennae clavate. Eyes not emarginate. Elytra co- vering the anus above. Abdomen elongate, narrow. Thorax roundish, nearly equally broad. Rostrum at the base much narrower than the head, the longitudinal di- ameter many limes exceeding the breadth. Tarsi, with the second joint not including the third. S/i. 1. Attelaboidcs. Anthribus rhinomacer. Paykull, Latreille. Rhinomacer attclaboides. Fabricius. Inhabits pine trees. Genus CCXLV. Bruchus. Linn. De Geer, Olivier, Fabricius, Latreille, Marsham. Mvlabris. Geoffroy. Antennae nearly filiform. Eyes emarginate, for the insertion of the antennae. Body short, oval, thick Elytra not covering the anus above. S/i. 1. Pisi. Bruchus fiisi. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Inhabits southern Europe and northern America. Tribe II. Curculionides. Palpi very small, conic-subulate, scarcely discernible. Rostrum rounded, thick, often proboscis shaped. La- brutn none. Antennae with distinct joints, the eighth or ninth generally clavate, the club regular, the joints coriaceous. Head from the eyes more or less narrow- ed, distinctly produced into a rostrum. Mandibles small or minute. Mentum not cylindric-cordate. Body very rarely cylindric. Anterior tibiae never triangular. Division I. (Recticorncs ; straight horns.) Antennae straight, not gcniculated at the second joint. Body of all, from the base of the thorax, narrower, not cylindric. Genus CCXLVT. Brentus. Fabricius, Olivier, Herbst, Latreille, Lamarck. Curculio. Linnaeus, l)e Geer, Mandibles generally prominulous, the apex generally bidendate. Body very long, somewhat cylindric, nar- rower before, straight, porrect. Thorax elongate-ovate, truncate before and behind. Elytra rigid, elongate, linca:-, with the apex often spinose. Feet elongate, strong, the anterior ones longest. Mentum corneous, cordatc-subovate, apex emarginate, base rounded, con- cave in front. S/i. 1. Anchorago. Brentus anchorago. Fabricius, Latreille. Inhabits America. Genus CCXLVII. Cylas. Fabr. Brentus. Olivier, Fabricius. Mandibles short, the apex bidentatc. Mentum bub- orbkulate. Body elongate, narrow before. Thorax articulated, dilated in front, and ovate-subglobose, stran- gulated behind. Elytra with prominent shoulders. Tarsi with the last joint but one bifid. S/i. 1. Brunneus. Cxjclus brunneus. Latreille. Brentus brunneus. Herbst, Fabr. Inhabits Senegal. Genus CCXLVIII. Attelabus. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Latr. Curculio. De Geer. Head behind simply elongate, produced with no neck. Tibiae with their points furnished with a double hook. Body ovate. Abdomen quadrate, rounded behind. La- bium corneous, quadrate, the middle of the upper mar- gin emarginate, obtusely unidentatc. Sji. 1. Curculionoid.es. Attelabus curculionoides. Linnaeus, Latreille, Olivier, Inhabits the nut tree and willow. Genus CCXLIX. Apoderus. Olivier, Latreille. Attelabus. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Paykull. Head with a distinct neck. Tibiae with one hook at their joints. Body ovate. Abdomen quadrate, rounded behind. Labium corneous, quadrate, the middle of the upper margin emarginate, obtusely unidentate. Sft. 1. Coryli. Attelabus coryli. Linn. Fabr. Payk. Latr. Curculio coryli. Marsham. Inhabits the nut tree. Genus CCL. Rvnchites. Herbst, Latr. Curculio. Linnaeus, De Geer, Marsham. Rhinomacer. Geoffroy, Clairville. Attelabus. Fabricius, Olivier. Head elongate behind the eyes, with no neck. Cly- peus dentate. Tibiae with very short heels. Abdomen quadrate, rounded behind,* Body ovate, narrowly pro- duced before. Thorax conic-cylindric, broader behind, (often with a spine on each side in the male). Labium membranaceous, small, the apex rounded, villose, entire. S/i. 1. Bacchus. Curculio bacchus. Linnaeus, Marsham. Kunchites bacchus. Herbst, Latreille. Attelabus bacchus. Fabricius. Inhabits Europe, frequenting the nut and vine. Genus CCLI. Apion. Herbst, Latreille, Kirby. Curculio. Linnaeus, Marsham. Rhinomacer. Geoffroy, Clairville. Attelabus. Fabricius, Olivier. Eyes prominulous. Head elongate behind. Abdomen subovate. Tibiae with obsolete heels. Labium subquad- rate, entire. Obs. The Rev. William Kirby has given an admira- ble paper to the Linnaean Society of London on the spe- cies of this genus, which is published in the ninth volume of their Transactions. He has added a supplement, which is published in the tenth volume. Genus CCLII. Rhamphus. Clairville. Tarsi with the last joint but one bifid, cordiform. Head globose. Eyes approximate. Hinder feet formed for leaping. Tibiae with obsolete heels. Body short, oval. ENTOMOLOGY. 697 Sfi. 1. Flavicomis. Ramfihus flavicornis. Latreille, Clairville. Inhabits the sloe and aspen. Genus CCLIII. Brachycerus. Olivier, Hcrbst, Fabricius, Latreille. Curculio. Linnaeus, De Geer. Tarsi short, with entire joints. Lip crustaceous, sub- orbicular, the apex truncate, retuse, entire. Body ovate, thick, gibbous. Eyes lateral. Tibiae with their two points produced, the internal spine bifid. Thorax trans- verse. Abdomen large, subglobose, ovate, or oval. Sfi. 1. A/girus. Brachycerus algirus. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits Africa. Division II. (Fracticornes ; geniculated horns.) Antennae geniculated, the basal joint very much elongated, generally received in a lateral oblique groove, (at the base at least,) or the sides of the rostrum. (Antennae in all clavate, the club generally composed of firmly connected joints, the last acute. Tarsi with the last joint but one bifid, or emarginate above, cordate.) Subdivision 1, Antenna inserted beyond the base of the rostrum, larger than the head, the club distinctly many-jointed, ovate. Mandibles generally obtuse. Tibiae at the apex ciliated with spines, in a few terminated by a strong hook. Body ovate, or elliptic. Colour various. Genus CCLIV. Curculio. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Clairville, Olivier. Brachyrhinus. Latreille. Body ovate, convex, narrower before. Thorax round, or conic-cylindric, narrower than the base of the elytra. Scutellum extremely minute. Abdomen ovate-conic, subovate, or globose. Lip minute. Antennae eleven- jointed. Hinder feet not formed for leaping. Sfi. 1. Im/ierialis, (diamond beetle.) Curculio im/ierialis. Linn. Fabr. Oliv. Brachyrhinus imflerialis. Latreille. Inhabits Brasil. Sfi. 2. Argentatus. Curculio argentatus. Gmelin, Marsh. Fabr. Brachyrhinus argentatus. Latreille. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCLV. Lixus. Latreille, Fabricius. Curculio. Linnaeus, Geoffrey, Marsham, Fabricius. Body elongate-ovate. Rostrum as broad as the head. Lip small, entire, transverse-quadrate, corneous, nar- rower than the mentum. Sfi. 1. Sulcirostris. Curculio sulcirostris. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Marsham. Inhabits thistles. Sfi. 2. Paraftlecticua. Curculio fiaraftlecticus. Linn. Lixus fiarafilecticus. Fabricius, Latreille. Inhabits the Phellandrium aguaticum. Genus CCLVI. Rynch^nus. Fabricius, Olivier. Curculio. Linn. Geoff. Lam. Latr. Body oblong, ovate, twice as long as broad. Anten- nae with the club three-jointed beginning at the ninth joint, or eight four-jointed beginning at the eighth joint. Wings in all. ° J Sfi. I. Tortrix. Curculio tortrix. Linnaeus, Marsham, Latreille. Ryncluenus tortrix. Fabricius. Inhabits Europe. Sfi. 2. Abietis. Vol. VIII. Part II. Curculio abietis. Linnaeus. Inhabits Europe in the pine. It was discovered as a native of Britain by Dr Maiden, who took it near Hame- ton, in Scotland. Sfi. 3. Pini. Curculio fiini. Linn. Marsham. Inhabits the Pinus sylvestris. Genus CCLVII. Liparus. Oliv. Curculio. Linnaeus, Latreille, Marsham. Rynchanus. Fabricius. Body oblong ovate, twice as long as broad. Antenna with the club three-jointed beginning at the ninth joint, or four-jointed beginning at the eighth joint. Wings none. Sfi. 1. Germanus. Curculio Germanus. Linnaeus, Marsham. Rynchanus fusco-maculatus. , Fabricius. Inhabits Europe. It occurs in Britain, near Dover and Hastings. Sfi. 2. Trigut talus. Curculio triguttatus. Marsham, Latreille. Curculio vau of Marsham, is merely a variety of this insect. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCLVIII. Cryptoryncus. Illiger. Curculio. Linnaeus, Marsham. Rynch/enus. Fabricius. Body round-oval, half as long again as broad. Ab- domen short, triangular-quadrate. Anus naked. Ros- trum applied to the breast. Coleoptra subquadrate, the diameters nearly equal. Hinder feet not formed for leaping. Mentum corneous, subobtrigonate. Sfi. 1. £rysimi. Rynchanus crysimi. Fabr. Crytorynchus erysimi. Illiger. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCLIX. Cionus. Clairville, Latreille. Rynchjenus. Fabr. Curculio. Linn. Geoff. Oliv. Body quadrate-ovate, thick, a little longer than broad. Abdomen large, subquadrate, a little narrower, and rounded behind. Anus not naked. Rostrum applied to the breast. Coleoptra convex, as broad as long, index- ed behind. Hinder feet not formed for leaping. Sfi. 1. Scrofihularia. ' Curculio scrofihularia. Linnaeus, Marsham. Rynchanus scrofihularia. Fabricius. Cionus scrofihularia. Clairville. Inhabits the Verbascum and Scrofihularia. Latreille supposes Rynchanus, Thafisus, Scrofihularia, and Verbasci of Fabricius, to be but varieties of one species. Genus CCLX. Orchestes. Olivier, Illiger. Rynchanus. Clairville, Fabricius, Latreille. Curculio. Linnaeus, Marsham. Body ovate. Abdomen elongate-quadrate, rounded behind. Elytra inflexed behind, covering, or at least touching the anus. Hinder feet formed for leaping Sfi. 1. Aim. Curculio alni. Linnaeus, Marsham. Rynchanus alni. Fabricius. Inhabits Europe. Subdivision 2. Antennae inserted at the base of the rostrum. Tarsi reflected to the internal side of the tibiae. Genus CCLXI. Rhina. Latreille. Lixus. Fabricius. Curculio. Olivier. Body oblong cylindric. Feet elongate,, especially the 4 T 698 ENTOMOLOGY. anterior ones. Tibiae slender. Rostrum elongate, por- rect, cylindric, slender, often bearded. Sfi. 1. Barbirostris. Lixas barbirostris. Fabricius. Bhina barbirostris. Latreille. Inhabits Africa and India. Genus CCLXII. Calandra. Glairville, Fabricius. Curculio. Linnaeus, Geofl'roy, Olivier. Rynchophorus. Herbst. Body elliptic-oval, flat above. Eyes immersed, oblong, encircling the head beneath. Rostrum thickened at the insertion of the antenna. Elytra plain, not covering the anus above. Anus acutely prominent. Feet strong. Sfi. 1. Granaria. Calandra granaria. Fabricius, Latreille. Curculio granaria. Marsham. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCLXI1I. Cossonus. Clairville, Fabr. Latr. Curculio. Paykull, Herbst. Body very much lengthened, sublinear, or subcylindric, narrow before. Elytra covering the anus above. Tibiae terminated by a hook internally. Back flat, depressed. 5^. 1. Linearis. Cossonus linearis. Clairville, Fabricius, Latreille. Curculio linearis. Paykull, Marsham. Curculio fiarallelofiifiedus. Herbst. Inhabits Europe. Division II. Head not gradually prolonged into a rostrum. Tarsi iiot spongy beneath. Tribe III. Bostricides. Body cylindric, or globose. Head globose. Tibiae com- pressed, anterior ones dentated. Antennae eight or ten- jointed; the first joint elongate, the two or three last joints forming a large mass. Tarsi not spongy beneath. Palpi very small, generally conic, rarely filiform. Division I. Palpi very small, conic. Antennae forming a solid mass, shorter, or not much longer than the head. Subdivision 1. Club of the antennae commencing before the ninth joint. Genus CCLXIV. Hylurgus. Latreille. Ips. De Geer, Marsham. Scolytus. Olivier. Tarsi with their penultimate joint bifid. Antennae ■■with the club commencing at the eighth joint, very little ■or not at all compressed. Sfi. 1. Lignifierda. Scolytus Lignifierda. Olivier. Hylurgus lignifierda. Latreille. Inhabits beneath the bark of the pine. Sfi. 2. Pinifierda. Ifis fiinifierda. Marsham. Hylurgus fiinifierda. Latreille. Inhabits Britain, perforating the pine bark. Genus CCLXV. Tomicus. Latreille. Dermestes. Linnaeus. Ips. De Geer. Bostricus. Fabricius, Paykull. Scolytus. Olivier. Tarsi with entire short joints. Antennae with the club much compressed, beginning at the seventh joint, dis- tinctly annulated. Body not linear. Sfi. 1. Tyfiografihus. Dermestes tyfiografihus. Linnaeus. Ifis tyfiografihe. De Geer. Bostricus tyfiografihus. Fabricius, Paykull. Ifis tyfiografihus. Marsham. Scolytus tyfiografihus. Olivier. Tomicus tyfiografihus. Latreille. Inhabits Europe, under the bark of trees, which it gnaws into various labyrinth-like passages. Genus CCLXVI. Platypus. Herbst, Latreille. Bostricus. Hellwig, Fabricius. Scolytus. Panzer. Tarsi with entire long joints. Antennae with the club much compressed, commencing at the sixth joint ; annu- lations not or but slightly distinct. Body linear. Sfi. 1. Cylindricus. Platyfius cylindricus. Herbst, Lat. Bostricus cylindricus. Fabricius. Scolytus cylindricus. Olivier. Inhabits France and Germany, under the bark of trees Subdivision 2. Antennae with the club beginning at the ninth joint. Genus CCLXVH. Scolytus. Geoffroy, Schaeffer, Olivier, Latreille. Hylesinus. Fabricius. Ekkoptogaster. Herbst. Coptogaster. Illiger. Ips. Marsham. Tarsi with their last joint but one bifid. Antennae with the club compressed, obovoid, the apex rounded. 5/!. 1. Destructor. Scolytus destructor. Oliv. Lat. Ifis scolytus. Marsham. Hylesinus scolytus. Fabricius. Inhabits beneath the bark of the elm. Genus CCLXVIII. Hylesinus. Fabricius, Lat. Scolytus. Olivier. Bostricus. Paykull. Tarsi with their penultimate joint bifid. Antennae with the club little or not compressed, ovoid, the extremity pointed. Sft. I. Crenatus. Hylesinus crenatus. Fabricius, Latreille. Scolytus crenatus. Olivier. Inhabits Europe. Division II. Palpi very small, conic. Antennae with the club form ed of three leaf-like very long laminae. Genus CCLXIX. Phloitridus. Latreille. Hylesinus. Fabricius. Scolytus. Fabricius. Tarsi with the last joint but one bilobate. Sfi. 1. Olete. Hylesinus olea. Fabricius. Scolytus olea. Olivier. Phloitribus olectua.) Linn. Antennae moniliform, shorter than the thorax. Palpi very small, and very hairy. Wings elliptic, equal, long. ENTOMOLOGY. 721 Sfi. 1. Humuli. (Ghost-swift.) Noclua humuli. Linn. Hefiialus humuli. Fabricius, Latreille. Inhabits fields. Sfi. 2. Ma/i/ta. (Map-wing swift.) Phalana ma/i/ia. Donovan. Inhabits Britain. Has been taken near Dunstar cas- tle, in Somerset, by Mr G. Sowerby. It may be syno- nymous with Bombyx velleda of Hiibner. Sfi. 3. Hectus. (Golden swift.) Phalana noclua hecta. Gmelin. Hefiialus hectus. Fabricius. Inhabits Europe. 06s. We have in Britain several other species, but their characters are evanescent, and their names have never been determined with accuracy. Genus CCCCXXXVIII. Cossus. Fabricius, Li- treille, Cuvier. Phaljena Bombyx. Linn. Antennae as long as the thorax, setaceous, furnished with a single series of short transverse obtuse teeth. Palpi very distinct, thick, cylindric, and squamous. An- terior wings larger than the posterior. Sfi. 1. Lignifierda. (Goat-moth.) Phalana (Bombyx) Cossus. Linn, Cossus lig?iifierda. Fabricius, Latreille. Inhabits Europe. The larva feeds on the internal parts of the willow and ash. The celebrated Lyonett has immortalized himself by his laborious work on the anatomy of the larva, and perfect insect. The caterpil- lar diffuses a scent, by which its residence may fre- quently be made known to those passing such trees as are much infested by it. It remains three years in this state, when it spins a strong web, intermixed with par- ticles of wood, and changes into the chrysalis, which it does in the month of May, and in June the perfect in- sect starts into existence. Genus CCCCXXXIX. Zeuzera. Latreille. Bombyx. Hiibner. Hepialus. Schrank. Phalana, (Noctua.) Linn. Cossus. Fabricius. Antenna setaceous, (in the male pectinated to the middle.) Sfi. 1. JEsculi. (Wood-leopard moth.) Cossus tescuti. Fabricius. Bombxjx asculi. Hiibner. Zeuzera esculi. Latreille. Phalana asculi. Linn. Inhabits Europe. In England it is rather rare, but may be found in St James's Park, in July, if industri- ously sought after. Family II. Bombycida. Antennae of the males with a double series of pecti- nations. Obs. The larvae of this family live on the leaves of trees. Sides of the chrysalis not serrated or denticulated. Genus CCCCXL. Saturnia. Schrank. Phalaina, (Attaous.) Linn. Bombyx. Fabricius, Hiibner, Latreille. Wings horizontal. Antennae with the second joint (in the male) bidentate. Caterpillar naked, elongate, with the anal feet distinct, and resembling the middle ones. S/i. 1. Pavonia minor. (Emperor moth.) Phalana attacus fiavonia minor. Linn. Bombyx fiavonia minor. Fabricius. Vol. VIII. Part II. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCCCXLI. Lasiocampa.. Schrank. Bombyx. Fabricius, Latreille. Superior wings deflexed ; inferior ones reversed. An- tennae of the male very much pectinated. Palpi not pro- duced into a rostrum. Caterpillar naked, elongate, with the anal feet distinct, and resembling the middle ones. Sfi. 1 . Quercus. (The egger moth.) Phalana bombyx querc&s. Linn. Bombyx yuercUs. Fabricius, Latreille. Inhabits Europe. The larva feeds on the bramble. Obs. The following indigenous species of Fabrician Bombyx are referable to this genus, viz. 2. Trifolii ; 3. Rubi ; 4. Cratagi; 5. JVeustria ; S.Pofiuli; 7 . l.anes'tris. The four last are distinguished by their palpi, being more hairy than the rest, and may be considered as forming a subdivision. Genus CCCCXLII. Bombyx. Fabr. Latr. Schrank. Superior wings deflexed, inferior ones reversed. An- tennae of the male very much pectinated. Palpi pro- duced into a rostrum. Caterpillar naked, with the anal feet like the middle ones distinct. Sfi. 3. Quercifolia, (lappet moth.) Phalana 6om6yx quercifolia. Linn. Bombyx yvercifolia. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Obs. The following indigenous Bombyces of Fabricius belong to this genus, ^iz. 2. Rotatoria ; 3. Pint. Genus CCCCXLIII. Lakia. Schrank. Phaljena (Bombyx.) Linnaexis. Bombyx. Latreille, Fabricius. Wings deflexed, the under ones entirely covered by the upper ones. Antennae of the male much pectinated, or much ciliated. Caterpillar naked ; the hinder feet distinct like the middle ones. Sfi. 1. Disfiar, (gipsey moth.) Phalana disfiar. Linnaeus. Bombyx disfiar. Fabricius. Inhabits Europe. 06s. This genus requires examination. The follow- ing species are found in Britain: 2. Monacha, (black arches); 3. Fascelina, (scarce tussock); 4. Pudibunda, (common tussock); 5. Reclusa, (small chocolate-tip); 6. Curtula ? (large chocolate-tip) ; 7. Roboris ; 8. Tri- macula, (Donovan) ; 9. Caruleocefihala. (figure of eight) ; 10. Coryti, (nut-tree tussock); 1 1. Ziczac, (pebble pro- minent) ; 12. Dromedarius, (iron prominent); 13. Bucc- fihala, (buft-tip) ; 14. Tritofihus, (aspen prominent); 15. Trefiida, (swallow prominent); with a few other species whose names are not yet determined. Bombyx viskolora of Fabricius, (the Kentish glory,) forms a peculiar ge- nus, viz. Doi-villia. Leach. Genus CCCCXLIV. Cerura. Schrank. Bombyx. Fabricius, Latreille. Phaljena, (Bombyx.) Linnaeus. Antennae in both sexes pectinated, and gradually ac- cuminate. Caterpillar, with the anal feet transformed into a furcate tail. Sfi. I. Vinula. (puss moth.) Phalana bombyx vinula. Linnaeus. Bombyx vinula. Fabricius, Latreille. Cerura vinula. Schrank. Inhabits Europe. The larva feeds in willows and poplars. Sfi. 2. Purcula, (kitten moth.) Bombyx furcula. Latreille, Fabricius, Inhabits Europe; not common in Britain. 4 Y 22 ENTOMOLOGY. Tribe- II. Auctjdes. A'octuo-Bombycites. Latreillc. Palpi two. Antennae pectinated, or ciliated. Tongue \ bible, but often short, and somewhat membranaceous. Wings trigonate, deflcxed, undivided. Caterpillar with sixteen feet. Genus CCCCXLV. Arctia. Schrank, Latreille. Bombyx. Fabricius. Palpi with long scales. Antennx of the males (at least) with a double scries of pectinations. Tongue oi- ten short, composed of two separate filaments. * Antennae ciliated. Sfi. 1. Villica, (cream spot tyger). Bombyx villica. Fabricius. Inhabits Europe. Obs. The other indigenous species of this division, are, 2. Caja, (tyger moth); 3. Plantaginis ; 4. Russula, (clouded bun") ; 5. Mendica, (muslin); 6. Methrastri, (ermine); 7. Pafiyritia, (water ermine) ; 8. Lubricipfl'h (bull* ermine). ** Antennae pectinated. Sfi. 1. Salicis, (satin moth). Arctia salicis. Latreille. Inhabits Europe. The larva on willows and poplars. Sfi. 2. Chrysorrhxa, (golden tail motJi). Bombyx chrysorrhea. Fabricius. Inhabits Europe. Sfi. 3. Pluzorrhex, (brown tail moth). Bombyx filixorr/iea. Haworth. Bombyx chrysorrhxa. Hiibner. Inhabits Europe. This is the species whose larva commits such destruction amongst white thorn hedges, as mentioned in cur history of entomological dissertations. Genus CCCCXLVI. Callimokpha. Latreille. Bombyx. Fabricius. Lothosia. Fabricius. Palpi with short, not porrcct scales. Antennae sim- ple, or slightly ciliated. Tongue long, the two fila- ments conjoined. Sfi. 1. Dominula, (scarlet tyger moth.) Bombyx dominula. Fabricius. Callimorfiha dominula. Latreille. Inhabits Europe. Obs. Bombyx, 2. Rosea (red arches) ; 3. Jacobc e, (cin- ncbar); are referable to this genus. Tkibe III. Tineides. Antennae setaceous, simple. Tongue distinct. Palpi two, cylindric. Wings long, oblong, somewhat elliptic, incumbent or convolute, inferior ones much folded, all undivided. Family I. Tineida. Antennae distant from each other. Eyes separate, di- vided by a frontlet. Division I. Tongue distinct, elongate. Front not very hairy. Genus CCCCXLVII. Lithosia. Fabr. Latr. Wings horizontal. Palpi shorter than the head, last joint cylindric, distinctly shorter than the second. Back much ilattened. Antennae simple, or but slightly cili- ated. Sfi. 1. Quadra, (four-spotted footman). t'haltsna ijuadra. Linn. I.iihoaia quadra. Fabricius, Latreillc. Inhabits Europe. The other indigenous species are, 2. Vomfikma; 3, Rubricollii; 4. Irrorata ; with three spe-ies not yet ascertained. Genus CCCCXLVIII. Yponomeuta. Latreille. PhaLjEna, (Tinea.) Linnaeus. Tinea. Fabricius, Hiibner. Wings rolled, or convoluted. Palpi as long as the head, the third joint obconic, as long or longer than the one before it. Antennae simple. Sfi. 1. Evonymella. Phalana cvonymella. Linnaeus. Tinea cvonymella. Fabricius. Yfiononieuia cvonymella. Latreille. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCCCXLIX. Nemapogon. Schrank. P-maljena (Tinea). Linnaeus. Tinea. Fabricius. Alucita. Olivier. AIcophora. Latieille. W ings broadly fringed, lying on the back. Palpi twice as long or more than the body ; the second joint longer than the head, the last joint almost naked, re- curved beyond the head. Obs. To this genus Tinea, 1. Linneella ; 2. Fla-uella ; 3. Rosella, and their congeners, belong. Division II. Tongue not distinct, very short. Front very hairy. Genus CCCCL. Euplocamus. Latreille. Tinea. Fabricius. Pvralis. Hiibner. Palpi two; the second joint with numerous elongate scales, the third joint naked and ascending. Antennas much pectinated. Sfi. 1. Guttella. Tinea Guttella. Fabricius. Jiujilocamus guttetlus. Latr. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCCCLI. Tinea. Latr. Fabr. Hiibner. Phai.vena (Tinea.) Linnaeus. Palpi four, distinct, upper ones small, inrlexed. An- tennae simple, or slightly ciliated. Sfi. 1. Pelionclla, (cloth's moth). Tinea fielionella. Fabr. Latr. Phalena tinea fielionella. Linnaeus. Inhabits houses. Obs. All the cloth moths, of which there are seve- ral species, belong to this genus. Family II. A'emofihorida. Antennae inserted very near to each other. Eyes nearly meeting behind. Genus CCCCLII. Nemopiiora. Iloffmansegg. Adela. Latreille. Nemapogon. Schrank. Alucita. Fabricius. Tinea. HUbnt r. Phalena (Tinea). Linnaeus. Sfi 1. 1)< grcrrl/a, (Japan moth). Phalxna tinea Dcgcerclla. Gmclin. Adela Degecrella. Latreillc. Inhabits the borders of woods. Obs. All the long-horned Japan moths, as they are called by English collectors, belong to this genus. Tribe IV. Noctuiui.s. Antennae setaceous, in the males sometimes pectina- ted or ciliated. Tongue distinct. Palpi much Com- pressed. Wings horizontal or incumbent, not divided. Thorax thick, often crested. ENTOMOLOGY. 723 Family 1. Erebida. Palpi with the last joint as long or longer than the Preceding. Genus CCCCLIII. Ebebus. Latreille. Noctua. Fabricius. Wings expanded. Sfi. 1. Odorus. JVoctua odora. Fabricius. Erebus odorus. Latreille. Family II. JVoctuida. Palpi with the last joint much shorter than the pre- ceding, squamous. Genus CCCCLIV. Noctua. Fabr. Latr. Hiibner. Bomuyx. Fabricius, Hiibner. Phal.sna (Bombyx). Limiseus. Phal-sna (Noctua). Linnaeus. Pjecilia. Schrank. Cucullia. Schrank. Obs. The genus Noctua requires a minute investiga- tion. It contains several very natural genera, as exhi- bited in the following divisions: A. Caterpillar with sixteen feet. » Caterpillars half-loopers, their anterior feet mem- branaceous, evidently sl.orter than the others. Wings horizontal. Sfi. 1. Fraxini, (clifden nonpareil). JVoctua fraxini. Fabricius, Latreille. Sfi 2. Sfionsa. (crimson underwing). JVoctua sfionsa. Fabricius, Latreilie. To this Section JVoctua, 3. JVufita; 4. Promissa; 5. Pacta ; 6. Maura, &c. belong. *• Caterpillars with membranaceous feet of conform- able size. 1. Wings horizontal. Sfi. 1. Fimbria, (broad bordered yellow underwing moth.) JVoctua fimbria. Fabricius. Sfi. 2. Pronuba, (yellow underwing); 3. Orbona; 4. Janthina, Sec. 2. Wings deflexed. a. Sfi. 1. Pumicis, (common knot grass moth); 2. Psi, (dagger moth), &c. b. Sfi. 1. Ligustri, (coronet); 2. Pisi, (broom moth), Sec. c. Sfi. 1. Vcrbasci ; 2. Tanaceti, &c. rf. Sfi. 1. Batis, (peach blossom moth). t. Sfi. 1. Meticuloea, (angle shades). /'. Sfi. 1. Palfiina, (pale prominent moth). g. Sfi. 1. Camttlina. 1). Caterpillar with fourteen feet. Sfi. 1. C/irysitis, (burnished brass moth); 2. Festu- cte, (gold spot motli), Sec. Tribe V. Piial.emdis. Antennae approximating at their base ; those of the male often pectinated or ciliated. Clypeus scarcely prominent. Feet slender, rarely hairy. Palpi two. Wings undivided. Family I. Phalxnida. Larva with twelve feet. Genus CCCCLV. Phaljena. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Latreille, Leach. Geometra. Haworth, Hiibner. Antennae of the male pectinated. Sfi. 1. Murguritaria, (large emerald moth), &c. Family II. Geometrida. Larva with ten feet. Genus CCCCLVI. Biston. Leach. Piial/ena. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Latreille. Geometra. Hiibner, Haworth. Antennae of the male much pectinated. Body thick, Palpi very hairy. Sfi. 1. Prodromaria ; 2. Bctularia; 3. Hirtaria. Genus CCCCLVII. Geometra. Hiibner, Haworth. Phalvena. Fabricius, Latreille, Linnaeus. Antennae of the male pectinated. Body slender. Pal- pi but little or not at all hairy. Wings horizontally extended, hinder margin very angular. Sfi. 1. Lunaria; 2. Dolabraria, &c. Genus CCCCLV1II. Ourapteryx. Leach. PhaLjEna. Latreille, Fabricius, Linnaeus. Antennae somewhat ciliated. Body slender. Palpi but little hairy. Wings horizontally extended, inferior ones prolonged, truncate, and terminated by a tail. Sfi. 1. Sambucaria, (swallow-tail moth). Inhabits Europe. Genus CCCCL1X. Abraxas. Leach. PHALiENA. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Latreille, Hiibneri Haworth. Antennae simple, not ciliated. Body slender. Palpi scarcely hirsute. Wings extended horizontally, not an- gulated or indented. Sfi. 1. Grossulariata, (common magpie moth) ; 2. VI- maria, (scarce magpie moth), Sec. Genus CCCCLX. Bupalus. Leach. Phaljena. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Latreille. Geometra. Hiibner, Haworth. Antennae pectinated in the male. Body slender. Pal- pi slightly hirsute. Wings horizontally extended, not angulated or indented. Sfi. 1. Piniaria. Phalanu fiiniaria. Fabricius, Latreille. Inhabits pine woods. Genus CCCCLXI. Hipparchus. Leach. Phal^na. Fabr. Latr. Linn. Geometra. Hiibner, Haworth. Wings extended obliquely, the upper covering the lower ones. Body slender. Palpi slightly hirsute. An- tenrae of the male pectinated. Sfi. 1. Pafiilionaria ; 2. Prunata, &c. Family III. Hcrminida. Caterpillars with fourteen feet, the anal ones distinct, the first pair of membranaceous ones wanting. Genus CCCCLXII. Herminia. Latreille. Phal/ENA (Pyualis). Linnaeus. Cramhus. Fabricius, Bosc. Pyralis. Hiibner, Wings triangulate, nearly horizontal, anterior rffar- gi\i of the upper wings straight. Palpi two recurved, compressed, often very large. Antenna: ciliated. Sfi. 1. Proboscidalis, &c. Family IV. Platyfitericida. Caterpillar with fourteen feet, anal ones wanting, the first pair of membranaceous ones distinct. Genus CCCCLX11I. Platyi-tekyx. Laspeyeres,Lat. PhaLjBNA. Fabricius. Anterior wings fulcate. Antennae of the male pec- tinate. Palpi very short, somewhat conic. Tongue short. Sfi. 1. Faktt'.aria ; -. Laccrtanaria ; 3. Cult aria. 4 Y 2 '24 ENTOMOLOGY. Obs. The two last species have their anterior wings dentate. Genus CCCCLXIV. Cilix. Leach. Bombyx. Fabricius. Platypteryx. Latreille. Anterior wings rounded. Antennae of the male pec- tinated. Palpi very short, somewhat conic. Tongue none. Sfi. 1. Com/iressa, (goose egg moth). Bombyx comfiressus. Fabricius. Platyfiteryx com/iressa. Latreille. Cilix com/iressa. Leach. Family V. Tortricida. Caterpillars with sixteen feet. Wings, with the body forming a broad short triangle, dilated on each side an- teriorly. Genus CCCCLXV. Tortrix Hiibner. Vhai.je.ka (Tortrix). Linnaeus. Pvralis. Latreille, Fahricius. Palpi with the second joint distinctly longer than the third, and more squamous; third joint short, truncate or obtuse, not recurved over the head. Sfi. 1. Fagana; 2. Chlorana ; 3. Pomana, Sec. Genus CCCCLXVI. Simaethis. Leach. Tortrix. Hiibner. Pyralis. Latreille. Palpi short, rising, the last joint not recurved over the head ; with the second and third joints nearly equally long and equally squamose. Inferior wings not com- pletely covered by the upper ones. Sfi. 1. Dentata. Tortrix dentata. Hiibner. Pyralis dentata. Latreille. SinTiieihes dentata. Leach. Inhabits Europe. Genus CCCCLXVII. Nola. Leach. Pyralis. Hiibner, Latreille. Palpi short, porrect; last joint not recurved over the head; the second and third joints nearly equally long and equally squamose. Under wings completely covered by the upper ones. Sfi. 1. Palliolatis. Pyralis ftalliolatis. Hiibner, Latr. JVola fialliolatis. Leach. Inhabits Europe. Tribe VI. Pyralides. Palpi four. Larva (as far as has been ascertained) with sixteen feet. Family I. Pyralida. Superior wings forming with the body a nearly hori- zontal depressed triangle. Genus CCCCLXVIII. Botys. Latr. Phal.«na (Pyralis). Linn. Pyralis. Hiibner, Schrank, Scopoli. Nymph ala. Schrank. Scopula. Schrank. Pyrausta. Schrank. Chambus. Fabricius. Tongue distinct, conspicuous. Palpi exserted. Sfi. I. Purfiuraria. 2. Potamogata. 3. Verticalis. 4. I.emnata, Sec. c ?-l SVS CCCCLXIX. Pyralis. Hiibner, Schrank, Schiffermuller. Phalena (Pyralis). Linrt. Crambus. Fabricius. Aglossa. Latreille. Tongue none. Inferior palpi largest, the second joint very squamous, the squamae porrected in bundles. Sfi. 1. Pinguinalis. Phalcena fiyralis fiinguinalis. Linn. Crambus fiinguinalis. Fabricius. Aglossa fiinguinalis. Latreille. Inhabits Europe. Family II. Tineida. Superior wings very long, enveloping the sides of the body. Genus CCCCLXX. Galleria. Fabricius. Latr. Phaljena (Tinea). Linn. Tongue very short. Palpi short: Inferior palpi lar- gest, with close scales ; upper ones concealed by the scales of the clypeus. Wings narrow, covering and pressing against the sides of the body. Sfi. 1. Alvearia. Galeria alvearia. Fabricius, Latr. Genus CCCCLXXI. Crambus. Fabr. Latr. Phaljena (Tinea). Linn. Tinea. GeofTroy. Wings narrow, convoluted round the body. Palpi ex- serted, inferior ones largest. Head with short closely ap- plied scales. Tongue distinct. Sfi. 1. Pineti. 2. Pai.cuorum. 3. Pratorum, Etc. Genus CCCCLXXII. Tinea. Hiibner, Geoffroy, Scopoli. Alucita. Latreille. Phaljena (Tinea). Linn. Ypsolophus. Fabricius. Wings narrow, abruptly deflexed, behind and above ascending. Inferior palpi with the second joint covered with numerous fasciculi of scales; the last erect, conic, naked. Head with a bifid crest in front. Sfi. 1. A r c?norum. 2. Vittatus, &c. Tribe VII. Alucitides. Pterophorites. Latreille. Wings divided, or formed of feathers united at their base. Genus CCCCLXXIII. Pterophorus. Geoffroy, Latreille, Fabricius. Alucita. Hiibner, Schrank, Scopoli. Phalena (Alucita). Linn. Palpi small, from their base ascending, not longer than the head, shortly and nearly equally squamose. Anteri- or wings composed of two, posterior of three feathers. Pupa naked, suspended by a hair. Sfi. 1. Pentadactylus. 2. Didactylus, &c. Genus CCCCLXXIV. Alucita. Hiibner, Scopoli. Pterophorus. Geoffroy, Fabricius. PHALiENA (Alucita). Linn. Villers. Orneodes. Latreille. Palpi produced much longer than the head; the se- cond joint very squamous; the last joint naked, erect. Pupa folliculate. Sfi. I. Hexadactyla. Orneodes hexadactylus. Latreille. Pterofihorus hexadactylus. Fabricius. Phalena alucita hexadactyla. Linn. Alucita hexadactyla. Hiibner. Inhabits Europe, often entering houses. Order XII. TRICHOPTERA. Order Trichoptera. Kirby. Order Neuroptera. Linn. Cuvier, Latr. Lara. ENTOMOLOGY. 725 Characters of the Order. Wings much deflcxed, with strong ncrvcurs, hispid or hairy, the lower wings plicate. Antennae inserted be- tween the eyes, often very ion^, composed of an infinity of joints. Feet elongate, aplQuloae. Tarsi elongate, five-jointed; the last joint with two small nails. Larva elongate, agile, somewhat cylindric, composed of twelve joints, the three first harder than the rest, and each bearing a pair of feet ; the last segment with two hooked processes. It inhabits tubes constructed of sand, bits of wood, stone, or grass, glued together by a cement impenetrable to water. Papa somewhat resembling the perfect insect, shut up in the tube it lived in whilst a larva, but having the pow- «r of motion prior to its emerging from the water (in which it resides), for the purpose of changing into the fly-state. Genus I. Phryganea. Linn. Fabr. Geoff. Latreille. Obs. This genus l)r Leach has divided into several genera, from the proportion of the antennae and palpi. We shall give as many examples as we can; but we must refer to a work which he is about to publish, enti- tled Tric/io/itera Systematica, for a more particular ac- count, and for the characters of these genera, and of others named, 1. Ceraclea, 2. Gb'cra, 3. Potomaria, 4. Prosofionia, 5. Chimarra, 6. Tinodes, 7. Philofiotamus, and 8. JVeuronia. Tribe I. Leftocerides. Antennae much longer than the whole body. Genus CCCCLXXV. Leptooerus. Leach's MSS. Antennae simple, not denticulated. Sfi. 1. Interru/itus. Phryganea interru/ita. Fabricius. Lefitocerus interru/itus. Leach's MSS. Inhabits Great Britain. It is found in great plenty near Luss, on the banks of Loch Lomond, on the mar- gins of rivulets at Ureghorn near Edinburgh, and near Carlisle in northern England. It occurs during the day time on the smaller branches of trees, and in the after- noon flies about in great abundance, in flocks. GenusCCCCLXXVI. Odontocerum. Leach's MSS. Antennae with their inner edge denticulated. Sfi. 1 . Griseum. Odontocerum griseum. Leach's MSS. Inhabits Ireland and England. It is common at Dun- lough Gap, near Killarny ; and near Carlisle, on the banks of the Eden river. It has likewise been taken in Norfolk, by Mr Scales, near Cheltenham, and near Ply- mouth, by Dr Leach. Tribe II. Phryganides. Antennae as long as the body. Genus CCCCLXXVII. Phryganea. Leach's MSS. Anterior wings soft, villose. Sfi. 1. Grandis. Phryganea grandis. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Inhabits Europe. GenusCCCCLXXVIII.Limnephilus. Leach's MSS. Anterior wings slightly coriaceous, nerveurs hispid or hairy. Sfi. 1 . JRhombicus. Phryganea rhombica. Linn. Limncfihilus rhombicus. Leach's MSS. Inhabits Europe. Order XIII. NEUROPTERA. Order Neuroptera. Linn. Latr. Lam. Cuvier. Class Odonata. Fabricius. Class Synistata Fabricius. Wings four, naked, reticulated, and divided into a vast number of areolae. Sect I. Subulicornes. Antennae subulate, very short, the last joint setiform. Maxillary palpi very short. Wings extended horizon- tally, or erect, very much reticulated. Metamorphosis semicomplete. Larvae and Pur.fi aquatic, somewhat resembling the perfect insect. . Tribe I. Libeli.ui.iues. Tarsi three-jointed. Mandibles strong, corneous. Maxillae corneous, strong. Wings equal; or the hinder ones a little larger at their base. Abdomen not termi- nated with setae or filaments. Eyes very large. Family I. Libellulida. Wings horizontal. Head hemispheric, with a distinct vesicle, on which the little eyes are placed in a triangle, Abdomen more or less depressed. Lip with the middle lamella smallest. Genus CCCCLXXIX. Libellula. Linn. Fabricius, Latreille, Leach. Posterior wings alike in both sexes. 5/!. 1. Defiressa Libellula defiressa. Linn. Fabr. Latr. Sfi. 2. Consfiurcata. Libellula consfiurcata. Fabr. Sowerby* Libellula quadrifusciata. Donovan. Sfi 3. Quadrimaculata. Libellula quadrimaculata. Linn. Fabr. Donovan. Sfi. 4. Canccllata. Libellula cancellata. Linn. Donovan. Inhabits Europe. Is common on the Croydon Canal, near London. Sfi. 5. Vulgata. Libellula vulgata. Linn. Fabr. Donovan. Sfi. 6. Donovani, Libellula Donovani. Leach. Libellula biguttata. Donovan. Sfi. 7. Scotica. Libellula Scotica. Leach, Donovan. Genus CCCCLXXX. Cokduliv. Leach's MSS. Libellula. Linn. Donovan, Panzer, Latreille. Posterior wings in the male produced into an angle at the anal edge. 5/i. 1. jEnea. Libellula cenea. Linn. Donovan, Panzer, Latreille. Cordulia