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 UNIVERSITY 
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Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924006060994 
 
HI8T0EY 
 
 OF 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTY, 
 
 PKNNSYLVANIA, 
 
 Containing a History of the County, Its Townships, Towns, 
 
 Villages, Schools, Churches, Industries, Etc.; Portraits of 
 
 Early Settlers and Prominent men; Biographies; 
 
 History of Pennsylvania, Statistical and 
 
 Miscellaneous Matter, etc., etc. 
 
 IIL.IL.'CrSTK/-^TEID. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 WAKNER, BEEES & CO., 
 1887. 
 
The reproduction of this book has been 
 made possible through the sponsorship 
 of the Greencastle-Antrim Civil War 
 Roundtable, Greentastle, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Reproduction by Unigraphic, Inc. 
 
 1401 North Fares Avenue 
 
 Evansville, Indiana 47711 
 
 Nineteen Hundred Seventy Five 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 In submitting the History of Franklin County to the public, it may not 
 be improper to state, briefly, a few of the characteristics of the work: 
 
 I. The special prominence given to the pioneer times of the county 
 — Hence a record of the persons, organizations, and events of the days 
 anterior to 1820 has been given as fully as available data would war- 
 rant. 
 
 II. The fullness with which the various religious, educational and 
 society organizations have been presented, due allowance being made, of 
 course, for the destruction or absence of proper records. 
 
 III. The completeness of the official and postal records, the latter 
 having been obtained direct from the proper department at Washington. 
 
 IV. The importance attached to the various military organizations 
 and their movements, in all the wars in which the people of the county 
 have participated. 
 
 V. The biographical sketches of many of the most prominent per- 
 sonages, living and dead, which make the book valuable for reference 
 purposes to all classes. 
 
 VI. The classification of material under appropriate heads, which- 
 faeilitates the easy finding of any desired information. 
 
 The outline history of the State, contained in Part I is from the pen 
 of Prof. Samuel P. Bates, of Meadville. The history of Franklin County 
 in Part II was compiled chiefly by Prof. J. Fraise Richard, who has 
 striven to give an accurate and reliable account of the county's origin, prog- 
 ress and development; and, for that purpose, has laid under contribution the 
 data afforded by historic sketches, newspaper articles, public and private 
 records, personal interviews and con-espondence, tombstones and other reli- 
 able sources. The biographical sketches in Part III were, for the most 
 part, collected by a corps of solicitors, and a proof of each sketch submitted 
 by mail to each subject for correction. 
 
 To repay, in detail, all the kindnesses manifested by Franklin County 
 citizens to the writers and solicitors would compel involuntary bankruptcy. 
 The special gratitude of the publishers, however, is due and is hereby ex- 
 tended to the press of Chambersburg, Waynesboro, Greencastle and Mer- 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 cersbuTg for the use of their files, and for other courtesies; to the county 
 officials and to Hons. F. M. Kimmell, D. Watson Rowe and John Stewart 
 for personal aid and favors; to Jacob Hoke, Esq., Drs. W. C. Lane, S. G. 
 Lane, Chas. T. Maclay and W. H. Egle, State Historian; Capt. J. H. 
 Walker, John B. Kaufman, J. W. Douglas and George S. Kyle for contri- 
 btitions and special aid; and to the pastors of the various churches, and 
 secretaries of different orders for reports of their organizations. 
 
 With due appreciation of the liberal patronage received, the publishers 
 beg to present this volume to their patrons in the highly favored county of 
 Franklin. 
 
 THE PUBLISHERS. 
 
CONTEI^TS. 
 
 PAET I. 
 
 HISTOKY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— Intboductory.— Cornells Jacob- 
 son Mey, 1624-25. William Van Hulst, 1626 
 -26. Peter Minuit, 1626-33. David Peter- 
 sen de Vries, 1632-33. Wouter Van Twiller, 
 1633-38 lS-23 
 
 CHAPTEE 11.— Sir William Keift, 1638-47. 
 Peter Minuit, 1638-41. Peter Hollandaer, 
 1641-43. John Printz, 164:^-63. Peter Stuy- 
 vesant, 1647-64. John Pappagoya, 1653-54. 
 John Claude Rysingh, 1654^56 23-33 
 
 CHAPTEE in.— John Paul Jacquet, 1655-57. 
 Jacob Alrlchs, 1667-69. Goeran Van Dyck. 
 1657-68. William Beekmau, 1668-63. Alex. 
 D'Hinoyossa, 1669-64 33-36 
 
 CHAPTEE IV.— Richard Nichols, 1664-67. TiSb- 
 ert Needham, 1664-68. Francis Lovelace, 
 1667-73. John Carr, 1668-73. Anthony 
 Colve, 1673-74. Peter Alrlchs, 1673-74 86-41 
 
 CHAPTEE v.— Sir Edmund Andros, 1674-81. 
 Edmund Cantwell, 1674-76. John Collier, 
 1676-77. Christopher Billop, 1677-81 41-50 
 
 CHAPTER VI.— William Markham, 1681-82. 
 William Penn, 1682-84 51-61 
 
 CHAPTEE Vn.— Thomas Lloyd, 1684-86. Five 
 Commissioners, 1686-88. John Biackwell, 
 1688-90. Thomas Lloyd, 1690-91. William 
 Markham. 1691-93. Benjamin Fletcher, 
 1698-95. William Markham, 1693-99 61-69 
 
 CHAPTER Vni.— WiUiam Penn, 1699-1701. 
 Andrew Hamilton, 1701-03. Edward Ship- 
 pen, 1703-04. .Tohn Evans, 1704-09. Charles 
 Gooken, 1709-17 69-76 
 
 CHAPTEE IX.-SSr William Keith, 1717-26. 
 Patrick Gordon, 1726-36. James Logan, 
 1736-38. George Thomas, 1738-47. Anthony 
 Palmer, 1747-48. James Hamilton 1748-54 
 75-89 
 
 CHAPTEE X.— Robert H. Morris, 1754-66. Wil- 
 liam Denny, 1766-59. James Hamilton, 
 1759-63 89-97 
 
 CHAPTEE XL— John ^enn, 1763-71. James 
 Hamilton, 1771. Richard Penn, 1771-73. 
 John Penn, 1773-76 98-104 
 
 CHAPTEK XII.— Thomaa Wharton, Jr., 1777- 
 78. George Bryan, 1778. Joseph Reed, 1778 
 -81. William Moore, 1781-82. John Dickin- 
 son, 1782-85. Benjamin Franklin, 1785-88 
 104-114 
 
 CHAPTER XIII.— Thomas Mifflin, 1788-99. 
 Thomas McEean, 1799-1808. Simon Snyder, 
 1808-17. William Findlay, 1817-20. Joseph 
 Heister, 1820-23. John A. Shake, 1823-29. 
 George Wolfe, 1829-35 Joseph Eitner, 
 1835-39 114-121 
 
 CHAPTER XIV.— David E. Porter. 1839-45. 
 Francis E. Shunk, 1845-48. William F. 
 Johnstone, 1848-52. William Bigler,! 852-55. 
 James Pollock, 1855-68. William F. Packer, 
 1858-61. AndrewG.Curtin, 1861-67. John 
 W. Geary, 1867-73. John F. Hartranft, 
 1873-78. Henry F. Hoyt, 1878-82. Eobert 
 E. Pattlson, 1882-86. James A. Beaver, 
 1886 T2a-131 
 
 Gubernatorial Table 132 
 
 PART 11. 
 
 HISTOBY OF FKANKLIW COUNTY. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 CHAPTER I.— Physical Description 137-141 
 
 The Great Eastern Valley— The Path ofte 
 Probable Gulf Stream — The Mountain 
 Ranges and their Appendages — Syatema of 
 Drainage — Geological and Mineralogical As- 
 pects—Character of Soil —Vegetation— Cli- 
 mate. 
 
 CHAPTER II.— Pioneer Settlers i41-159 
 
 Two Classes: Scotch-Irish, their Origin, 
 Arrivals, Character and Locations— Germans, 
 Sketch of Persecutions, Arrival, Trials, etc. 
 —Trend of Settlements in Cumberland Val- 
 ley Westward— Shippensburg a Distributing 
 Point — Settlements at Falling Spring- 
 Sketch of Benjamin Chambers— Other Set^ 
 tlements and Settlers in Various Parts of 
 the County— List of Taxables.in 1751-52— 
 Mason and Dixon's Line. 
 
 CHAPTER in.— Indian War 159-175 
 
 Indian EJations Described— War Between 
 French and English — Colonies Involved — 
 Braddock's Defeat and its EflFects- Forts 
 Located and Described— Massacres from 1754 
 to I7fj5 — Conflict Between the Civil and 
 Military at Fort X^udoun. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 CHAPTER IV.— The Revolution 175-190 
 
 Its Causes — Loyalty to the Mother Coun- 
 try — Early Military— Roster and Roll of 
 Franklin Men — From Colonies to States — 
 Heroes from Franklin County — One of the 
 First American Cannons, etc. 
 
 CHAPrER v.— Whisky War 190-191 
 
 Eleven Years of Peace — Causes of the 
 Whisky Insurrection — Its Prosecution and 
 its Subversion— Sympathy of the Militia, 
 etc. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. — Franklin County Organ- 
 ized / 192-214 
 
 Date of Erection — Petitions in Favor of 
 and in Opposition to the Project — Fight over 
 the County Seat— The First Court House 
 and First Jail— Early County Officers — Esti- 
 mate of Population — First General Elec- 
 tion—Officials, etc. 
 
 CHAPTER VIL— Intkrnal Affairs 214r-235 
 
 Lands and Land Titles— Indian Trails— 
 Roads— Bridges— Turnpikes — Inns or Tav- 
 erns— Militia-Muster Days — Mail Routes 
 and Post-offices — Postuiasters — Railroads 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAQK. 
 
 — Cumberland Valley Railroad— First Sleep- 
 ing Car Ev^er Made — Franklin Railroad — 
 Shenandoah Valley Railroad — Harrisburg 
 & Potomac Railroad — Western Maryland 
 Railroad — Baltimore & Cumberland Valley 
 Railroad— Mont Alto Railroad— Mont Alto 
 Iron Works, etc. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII.— War op 1812-15 235-245 
 
 Cause of the War — Declaration of War- 
 Franklin County Companies— Incidents of 
 
 the War. 
 
 CHAPTER IX.— Mexican War 245-249 
 
 Texas and Mexico— Whig and Democrat 
 —Counter Arguments— Declaration of War 
 — Franklin County Company— Its Services. 
 
 CHAPTER X.—TiiK Press 249-260 
 
 Introductory — First Newspaper — Press of 
 Chamberaburg — Press of Waynesboro — 
 Press of Mercersburg— Press of Greencastle. 
 
 CHAPTER XI.— Agriculture 260-266 
 
 A Business of First Importance— lU Prom- 
 ising Future — Improvements Introduced — 
 Judge Watts — The First Reaper — First 
 Stock in the Country— Wheat and Corn- 
 Hessian Fly — Improved Implements — A 
 Wonderful Feat with the Scythe— Agri- 
 cultural Societies, Officers, etc. 
 
 CHAPTER XII.— The 3Iedical Profession 
 
 269-294 
 
 Introductory View of tlie Human Structure 
 — Sketches of Prominent Deceased Physi- 
 cians — Epidemics — Medical Societies — Ros- 
 ter of Present Physicians. 
 
 (MIAPTER XIIL—Educational and Relig- 
 ious a95-316 
 
 Educational — Education Defined — 
 Teaching Defined — Early Schools and their 
 Equipments — John B. Kaufman's Account 
 of Early Schools and Teachers — History of 
 School Legislation— Comparative Statistics — 
 Couuty Superintendents — County Institutes 
 —Letter from Ex-Co. Supt. A. J. McElwain 
 — List ol County Superintendents — Relig- 
 lOPN — Early Settlers' Religions — Presbyte- 
 riaas — Lutherans— Reformed — Methodists — 
 United Brethren — Roman Catholic — Episco- 
 palian-Church of (Tod— German Baptists- 
 River Brethren — Menuonites — Relormed 
 Mentionites — I'olored Churches — Morraon- 
 ism. 
 
 'Ml \PTER XIV.— Popular Ar.iTATiONS and 
 
 Philanthropic Reforms 319-331 
 
 Human Society Compared to the Ocean — 
 Early Outlaws — The Nugenta — Slavery in 
 Franklin County— A Curious Will— Gradual 
 Abolition ofSlavery — Runaway Slaves —Tbe 
 Underground Railroad— Capture of Bob and 
 Dave— History of JohnBrowo's Raid on Har- 
 per's Kerry— Faie of His Coadjutors— V/en- 
 dell Phillips' Speech — Curious Prophf cies— 
 History oi Know-nothiugism in Cliambers- 
 burg— Sketches of I-^arly Temperance Move- 
 ments in tbe f'ounty— Tidal- Waves— \\ ash- 
 ingtonjari Movement— Father Jlathew's Kf- 
 t'orts— Sous of Temperance — Good Temp- 
 iars—Woman's Crusade— National Woman'p 
 Christian Temperance Union — Murphy 
 Movement— Prohibition— Franklin Couuty 
 Bible Society— Children's Aid Society. 
 
 CHAPTER XV.— The Great Rebellio- ok 
 
 ' 1861-65 332-390 
 
 IntroiUictJon — Civil War an Interest- 
 ing Study— Its Antecedents Must be Con- 
 sidered-Jamestown and Plymouth Typical 
 of Two Antagonistic Civilizations— Practical 
 Inferences— War Statistics— Firing on Fort 
 Sumter and its Effects— Patriotic Meetings 
 —Hearty Response to President's Call for 
 roops— Incidents of 1861— Complete Roster 
 
 rA(^i:. 
 of Troops Furnished by the County— Stuart's 
 Raid in 1862— Lee's Invasion, Preceded by 
 Jenkins' Raid— Rebel Occupation of Chara- 
 bersburg and Its Events— Advance on Get- 
 tysburg—Battle—Retreat—Lee's Train of 
 Wounded— Burning of Ewell's Supply Train 
 and capture of Prisoners by Kilpatrick— 
 McCausland's Raid and Burning of Cham- 
 be rsburg. 
 CHAPTER XVI.— Lawmakers AND Law IN- 
 
 terpreteks 390-422 
 
 Law Defined and Analyzed— Founded in 
 Natural Justice— Mental Requirements for 
 its Study — Various State Conventions — 
 Franklin's Representatives in National Con- 
 gress, in State Senate and House— Early 
 Bench and Bar— List of President and Asso- 
 ciate Judges— List of Attorneys from Organ- 
 ization of County. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII.— Master Spirits 42i-433 
 
 Uses and Abuses of Greatness— Character 
 of Genius— Greatness — Its Elements — Power 
 of Mothers — Sketches of Master Spirit-s : (1) 
 Military, (2) Political, (3) Railroad Mana- 
 gers, (4) Theologians, (5) County Officials, (6) 
 Medical, (7) Educational, (8) Press. (9) Legal 
 —Franklin County's Roll of Honor. 
 
 CHAPTER XVITI.— The County's First Cen- 
 tennial 433-^51 
 
 Introductory — Value of Anniversaries- 
 Triumphs of the Century— Preparations for 
 the Coming Anniversary— Executive Com- 
 mittee — Township Committees — Account of 
 the Two Days' Doings — Extracts from Ad- 
 dresses and Poems Delivered. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX.— Borough of Chambers- 
 burg 451-504 
 
 Description— Early History — Incorpora- 
 tion — Banks— First Market Houses— Present 
 Market House— Water-works— Gas Works 
 —Fire Department — Manufactories — Secret 
 Societies — Churches — Cemetery — Schools. 
 
 CHAPTER XX.— Borough of mercersburg 
 
 505-530 
 
 Location — Settlement — Jaraes Black— 
 Early Traffic— Original Plat — Derivation of 
 Name — Sketch of Dr. Mercer — Past and 
 Present Business Interests— Incorporation 
 — Prominent Residents — Birthplace of Presi- 
 dent Buchanan — Mercersburg College and 
 Public Schools— Church History — Cemetery 
 — Banks— Fire Company— Secret Societies. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI.— Borough OP Waynesboro 
 
 530-541 
 
 Origin of the Name— Location — The Plat- 
 Original Lot Owners— Incorporation — Banks 
 — Manufactories — Water-works — Societies 
 —Churches— Temperance Union— Schools — 
 < emetery — Famous Sewing IMachine. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII.-BOROUGH op Greencastle 
 
 542-554 
 
 Site oi the Borough— Ancient Burying 
 Grounds— Plat of the Town, and First Resi- 
 deuts— Early Kf-miniscences and Anecdotes 
 —Old Churches— Cemeteries and Epitaphs 
 — tucorporation of IJorough— Its Centen- 
 nial—The Turnpike — Church History— 
 Cemetery- The Schools — Industries— Bor- 
 ough Officers— Bank^Town Hall Company 
 —Societies. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII.— Townships 554-614 
 
 Antrim 55^ 
 
 Formation —Name— First Settlers— Early 
 Land Titles— Old Graveyard Transcriptions 
 —List of Taxables, 1786— Early Settlements 
 —Borough and Villages— The Mormons. 
 
 LUROAN 5C4 
 
 Formation— Topography— Early Land li,- 
 tlea- List of Taxables, 1786 — The Pomeroys 
 — Villages. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Peters ""^^fj 
 
 T l^^'?e— ''"ormatiOD —First Setliers— Eariv 
 Land Titles-IJst of Taxables, 1786-Loudoh 
 — Lemaaters — Upton — Bridgeport — Cove 
 
 UlJILPOKD jyj 
 
 Formation— Name— Eariy'LandEatries—' 
 Li^t of laxablsB-ManoiB—Churolies- Vil- 
 lages. 
 
 Hamilton 57Y 
 
 Name, etc.— Earliest Land Entriis— List of 
 Taxables, 1788— Cashtown. 
 
 FaNNEIT jyg 
 
 Formation— The Indians and First liiimi- 
 
 frants- Name — Early Land Purchases- 
 „ X ^*'''' Entries- List of Taxables, 1786 
 — ViUagea. 
 
 LttTTKRKENNY 583 
 
 Formation— Boundary— Eariy Settlements 
 —Earliest Land Titles— List of Taxables, 
 1786— Early School Teaehers- Villaee— 
 Churches. 
 
 Washington (jgg 
 
 Formation— Name— Early LandTities^ 
 List of Taxables, 1786— Villages. 
 
 Montgomery 59^ 
 
 Formation— Name— Eariy Land Entries^ 
 List of taxables, 1786— Villages. 
 
 „ page. 
 
 Southampton 593 
 
 Kormation.etc.— Early Land Entries— List 
 of Taxables, 1786- Borough of OiTstown- 
 Villages. 
 
 Franklin 69^ 
 
 Absorption of Township by Chambers- 
 burg— List of Taxables, 1786. 
 
 Greene 59^ 
 
 Formation — Name— Karly Settlement— 
 Early Land Entries — Early Ueminiscences 
 Greenvillage — Scotlaml — Fayetteville— 
 Black's Gap— Smoketown. 
 
 Metal (^04 
 
 Boundary — Formation — Topography — 
 Early Settlers — Early Land Entries— Promi- 
 nent First Settlers— Taxables iu 1786— First 
 Justices of the Peace— Villages— Churches. 
 
 WaKKEN Sy7 
 
 Location— Its Early History— iiame— Ear- 
 liest Land Entries— Early Settlers— Old Doc- 
 uments—Churches. 
 St. Thomas 6ft9 
 
 Formation— Its Early History- Name— 
 Immigration— Early Land Entries— Taxa- 
 bles, 1786— Villages. 
 
 QUINCY 611 
 
 Formation— Its settlements— Its Wealth- 
 Name— Early Settlers- Eaily Land Entries 
 —Transcriptions from Early Tombstones— 
 Taxables in 1786- Villages. 
 
 PART in. 
 
 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 PAOB. 
 
 Chambersburg, Borough of. 617 
 
 Antrim Township and Borough of Greencastle.. 700 
 
 Fannett Township 737 
 
 Greene Township .'..,. 763 
 
 Guilford Township 795 
 
 Hamilton Township 803 
 
 Letterkenny Township 809 
 
 Lurgan Township 817 
 
 Metal Township 834 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Montgomery Township and Borough of Mercers- 
 burg 845 
 
 Peters Township 873 
 
 Quincy Township .'. 887 
 
 St. Thomas Township 397 
 
 Southampton Township and Borough of Orrs- 
 
 town 917 
 
 Warren Township 926 
 
 Washington Township and Borough of Waynes- 
 boro 927 
 
 POETRAITS. 
 
 Alexander, Eev.S. C. 417 
 
 Amberson, W. S 267 
 
 Bard, Robert M 207 
 
 Besore, George 167 
 
 Bonbrake, E. J 387 
 
 Brotherton, Col. D. H , 407 
 
 Buhrman, C. H 497 
 
 Carson, James O 167 
 
 Chambers, George 79 
 
 Chritaman, H. G^M. D 477 
 
 Clayton, James H 367 
 
 Crowell, J. B 277 
 
 Davison, J. A 607 
 
 Fleming, Archibald 177 
 
 Foltz, M. A 487 
 
 Garrer, Samuel 307 
 
 Good, Jacob S 297 
 
 Hammond, Lawrence 187 
 
 Hammond, M. L 427 
 
 Harbaugh, Rev. H 257 
 
 Harnish, H. E 347 
 
 Hassler, Rev. J 317 
 
 Hawbecker, S .Z ,,. 527 
 
 Hoke, Jacob 327 
 
 Hoover, Daniel 447 
 
 Keefer, WUllam S 337 
 
 Kerlin, P. 437 
 
 Lamaster, J. R 637 
 
 McDowell, A. B 367 
 
 McKlnstry, William 45 
 
 Orr, William 197 
 
 Rowe, D. Watson 397 
 
 Rowo, John 217 
 
 Sentman, S. L 227 
 
 Sharpe, J. MoD 377 
 
 Shockey, Daniel 647 
 
 Shoemaker, John A 657 
 
 Skinner, S. M 287 
 
 Snlvely, I.N.,M. D 617 
 
 Snively, Joseph 147 
 
 Walker, Capt. John H 467 
 
 Winger, Joseph 237 
 
 Winger, Col. B. F 467 
 
 Ziegler, George W 247 
 
 MISCEIiLAIirEOnS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Map of Franklin County 10, 11 
 
 Map showing various purchases from Indians 113 
 
 Diagram showing proportionate Annual Production of Anthracite Coal since 1820 118 
 
 Table showing amount of Anthracite Goal produced in each region since 1820 119 
 
 Table showing vote for Governors of Pennsylvania since Organization of State 132 
 
 Relief Map of Cumberland Valley 134, 136 
 

PAKT I. 
 
 Historyo^Pennsylvania. 
 
 BY SAMUEL P. BATES. 
 
 "God., that has given it me through, many <aiffieu.lties, will, I believe, 
 bless and make it the seed of a nation. I shall have a tender care to the 
 government that it "be -well laid at first. - - I do, therefore, 
 
 desire the Lord's wisdom to guide nne, and those that naay be concerned 
 with me, that "we may do the thing that is truly -wise and just." 
 
 WILLIAM PENN. 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 OHAPTEE I. 
 
 Intboductoky — CoBNELis Jacobson Mey, 1624-25— William Van Htlst, 1626- 
 26— Peter Mintjit, 1626-33— Da vip Petersen db Vexes, 1632-33— Wouteb 
 Van Twiller, 1633-38. 
 
 IN the early colonization upon the American continent, two motives were 
 principally operative. One was the desire of amassing sudden wealth 
 without great labor, which tempted adventurous spirits to go in search of gold, 
 to trade valueless trinkets to the simple natives for rich furs and skins, and even 
 to seek, amidst the wilds of a tropical forest, for the fountain whose healing 
 waters could restore to man perpetual youth. The other was the cherished 
 purpose of escaping the unjust restrictions of Government, and the hated ban 
 of society against the worship of the Supreme Being according to the honest 
 dictates of conscience, which incited the humble devotees of Christianity to 
 forego the comforts of home, in the midst of the best civilization of the age, 
 and make for themselves a habitation on the shores of a new world, where they 
 might erect altars and do homage to their God in such habiliments as they 
 preferred, and utter praises in such note as seemed to them good. This pur- 
 pose was also incited by a certain romantic temper, common to the race, es- 
 pecially noticeable in youth, that invites to some uninhabited J spot, and Ras- 
 selas and Eobinson Crusoe-like to begin life anew. 
 
 William Penn, the foander of Pennsylvania, had felt the heavy hand of 
 persecution for religious opinion's sake. As a gentleman commoner at Ox- 
 ford, he had been fined, and finally expelled from that venerable seat of learn- 
 ing for non-comf ormity to the established worship. At home, he was whipped 
 and turned out of doors by a father who thought to reclaim the son to the 
 more certain path of advancement at a licentious court. He was sent to prison 
 by the Mayor of Cork. For seven months he languished in the tower of Lon- 
 don, and, finally, to complete his disgrace, he was cast into Newgate with com- 
 mon ffclons. Upon the accession of James 11, to the throne of England, over 
 fourteen hundred persons of the Quaker faith were immured in prisons for a 
 conscientious adherence to their religious convictions. To escape this harassing 
 persecution, and find peace and quietude from this sore pJ-oscription, was the 
 moving cause which led Penn and his followers to emigrate to America. 
 
 Of all those who have been founders of States in near or distant ages, none 
 have manifested so sincere and disinterested a spirit, nor have been so fair ex- 
 emplars of the golden rule, and of the Redeemer's sermon on the mount, as 
 William Penn. In his preface to the frame of government of his colony, he 
 says: " The end of government is first to terrify evil-doers; secondly, to cher- 
 ish those who do well, which gives government a life beyond corruption, and 
 
16 HISTORY GF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 makes it as durable in the world, as good men shall be. So that government 
 seems to be a part of religion itself, a thing sacred in its institution and end. 
 For, if it does not directly remove the cause, it crushes the effects of evil, and 
 is an emanation of the same Divine power, that is both author and object of 
 pure religion, the difference lying here, that the one is more free and mental, 
 the other more corporal and compulsive in its operations; but that is only to 
 evil-doers, government itself being otherwise as capable of kindness, goodness 
 and charity, as a more private society. They weakly err, who think there is no 
 other use of government than correction, which is the coarsest part of it. 
 Daily experience tells us, that the care and regulation of many other affairs 
 more soft, and daily necessary, make up much the greatest part of government. 
 Governments, like clocks, go from the motion men give them, and as govern- 
 ments are made and moved by men, so by them are they ruined, too. Where- 
 fore, governments rather depend upon men, than men upon governments. Let 
 men be good, and the government cannot be bad. If it be ill, they will cure 
 it. But if men be bad, let the government be never so good, they will endeavor 
 to warp and spoil to their turn. * * * That, therefore, which makes a good 
 con8titution,must keep it, men of wisdom and virtue, qualities, that because they 
 descend not with worldly inheritances, must be carefully propagated by a vir- 
 tuous education of youth, for which, after ages will own more to the care and 
 prudence of founders and the successive magistracy, than to their parents for 
 their private patrimonies. * * * We have, therefore, with reverence to God, 
 and good conscience to men, to the best of our skill, contrived and composed the 
 Frame and Laws of this government, viz. ; To support power in reverence 
 with the people, and to secure the people from the abuse of power, that they 
 may be free by their just obedience, and the magistrates honorable for their 
 just administratiqn. For liberty without obedience is confusion, and obedi- 
 ence without liberty is slavery." 
 
 Though born amidst the seductive arts of the great city, Penn's tastes were 
 rural. He hated the manners of the corrupt court, and delighted in the homely 
 labors and ianocent employments of the farm. " The country," he said, "is 
 the philosopher's garden and library, in which he reads and contemplates ther 
 power, wisdom and goodness of God. It is his food as well as study, and gives 
 him life as well as learning." And to his wife he said upon taking leave of 
 her in their parting interview: "Let my children be husbandmen, and house- 
 wives. It is industrious, healthy, honest, and of good report. This leads to 
 consider the works of God, and diverts the mind from being taken uf) with vain 
 arts and inventions of a luxurious world. Of cities and towns of concourse, 
 beware. The world is apt to stick close to those who have lived and got wealth 
 there. A country life and estate I love best for my children." 
 
 Having thus given some account at the outset of the spirit and purposes of 
 the founder, and the motive which drew him to these shores, it will be in 
 place, before proceeding with the details of the acquisition of territory, and 
 the coming of emigrants for the actual settlement under the name of Pennsyl- 
 vania, to say something of the aborigines who were found in possession of the 
 soil when first vinited by Europeans, of the condition of the surface of the 
 country, and of the previous attempts at settlements before the coming of Perin. 
 
 The surface of what is now known as Pennsylvania was, at the time of the 
 coming of the white men, one vast forest of hemlock, and pine, and beech 
 and oak, unbroken, except by an occasional rocky barren upon the precipitous 
 mountain side, or by a few patches of prairie, which had been reclaimed by 
 annual burnings, and was used by the indolent and simple-minded natives for 
 the culture of a little maize and a few vegetables. The soil, by the annual 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 17 
 
 accumulations of leaves and abundant growths of forest vegetation, was luxu- 
 rious, and the trees stood close, and of gigantic size. The streams swarmed 
 with fish, and the forest abounded with game. Where now are cities and 
 hamlets filled with busy populations intent upon the accumulation of wealth, 
 the mastery of knowledge, the pursuits of pleasure, the deer browsed and 
 sipped at the water's edge, and the pheasant drummed his monotonous note. 
 Where now is tlie glowing furnace from which day and night tongues of flame 
 are bursting, and the busy water wheel sends the shuttle flashing through the 
 loom, half-naked, dusky warriors fashioned their spears with rude implements 
 of stone, and made themselves hooks out of the bones of animals for alluring 
 the finny tribe. Where now are fertile fields, upon which the thrifty farmer 
 turns his furrow, which his neighbor takes up and runs on until it reaches 
 from one end of the broad State to the other, and where are flocks and herds, 
 rejoicing in rich meadows, gladdened by abundant fountains, or reposing at the 
 heated noontide beneath ample shade, not a blow had been stinick against the 
 giants of the forest, the soil rested in virgin purity, the streams glided on in 
 majesty, unvexed by wheel and unchoked by device of man. 
 
 Where now the long train rushes on with the speed of the wind over 
 plain and mead, across streams and under mountains, awakening the echoes of 
 the hills the long day through, and at the midnight hour screaming out its 
 shrill whistle in fiery defiance, the wild native, with a fox skin wrapped about 
 his loins and a few feathers stuck in his hair, issuing from his rude hut, trot- 
 ted on in his forest path, followed by his squaw with her infant peering forth 
 from the rough sling at her back, pointed his canoe, fashioned from the barks 
 of the trees, across the deep river, knowing the progress of time only by the 
 rising and setting sun, troubled by no meridians for its index, starting on his 
 way when his nap was ended, and stopping for rest when a spot was reached 
 that pleased his fancy. Where now a swarthy population toils ceaselessly deep 
 down in the bowels of the earth, shut out trom the light of day in cutting out 
 the material that feeds the fires upon the forge, and gives genial warmth to the 
 lovers as they chat merrily in the luxurious drawing room, not a mine had 
 been opened, and the vast beds of the black diamond rested unsunned beneath 
 the superincumbent mountains, where they had been fashioned by the Creator's 
 hand. Bivers of oil seethed through the impatient and uneasy gases and vast 
 pools and lakes of this pungent, parti -colored fluid, hidden away from the 
 coveting eye of man, guarded well their own secrets. Not a derrick protruded 
 its well-balanced form in the air. Not a drill, with its eager eating tooth de- 
 scended into the flinty rock No pipe line diverted the oily tide in a silent, 
 ceaseless current to the ocean's brink. The cities of iron tanks, filled to burst- 
 ing, had no place amidst the forest solitudes. Oil exchanges, with their vex- 
 ing puts and calls, shorts and longs, bulls and bears, had not yet come to dis- 
 turb the equanimity of the red man, as he smoked the pipe of peace at the 
 council tire. Had he once seen the smoke and soot of the new Birmingham of 
 the West, or snufied the odors of an oil refinery, he would willingly have for- 
 feited his goodly heritage by the forest stream or the deep flowing river, and 
 sought for himself new hunting grounds in less favored regions. 
 
 It was an unfortunate circumstance that at the coming of Europeans the 
 territory now known as Pennsylvania was occupied by some of the most bloody 
 and revengeful of the savage tribes. They were known as the Lenni Lenapes, 
 and held sway from-the Hudson to the Potomac. A tradition was preserved 
 among them, that in a remote age their ancestors had emigrated eastward from 
 beyond the Mississippi, exterminating as they came the more civilized, and 
 peaceful peoples, the Mound-Builders of Ohio and adjacent States, and who 
 
18 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 were held among the tribes by whom they were surrounded as the progenitors, 
 the grandfathers or oldest people. They came to be known by Europeans as 
 the Delawares, after the name of the river and its numerous branches along 
 which they principally dwelt. The Monseys or Wolves, another tribe of the 
 Lenapes, dwelt upon the Sasquehanna and its tributaries, and, by their war- 
 like disposition, won the credit of being the fiercest of their nation, and the 
 guardians of the door to their council house from the North. 
 
 Occupying the greater part of the teritory now known as New York, were 
 the five nations— the Senacas, the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Cayugas, and 
 the Onondagas, which, from their hearty union, acquired great strength and 
 came to exercise a commanding influence. Obtaining firearms of the Dutch 
 at Albany, they repelled the advances of the French from Canada, and by 
 their superiority in numbers and organization, had overcome the Lenapes, 
 and held them " for awhile in vassalage. The Tuscaroras, a tribe which had 
 been expelled from their home in North Carolina, were adopted by the Five Na- 
 tions in 1712, and from this time forward these tribes were known to the English 
 as the Six Nations, called by the Iienapes, Mingoes, and by the French, Iroquois. 
 There was, therefore, properly a United States before the thirteen colonies 
 achieved their independence. The person and character of these tribes were 
 marked. They were above the ordinary stature, erect, bold, and commanding, 
 of great decorum in council, and when aroused showing native eloquence. In 
 warfare, they exhibited all the bloodthirsty, revengeful, cruel instincts of the 
 savage, and for the attainment of their purposes were treacherous and crafty. 
 
 The Indian character, as developed by intercourse with Europeans, exhibits 
 some traits that are peculiar. While coveting what they saw that pleased 
 them, and thievish to the last degree, they were nevertheless generous. This 
 may be accounted for by their habits. "They held that the game of the for- 
 est, the fish of the rivers, and the grass of the field were a common heritage, 
 and free to all who would take the trouble to gather them, and ridiculed the 
 idea of fencing in a meadow." Bancroft says: " The hospitality of the Indian 
 ha& rarely been questioned. The stranger enters his cabin, by day or by 
 night, without asking leave, and is entertained as freely as a thrush or a 
 blackbird, that regales himself on the luxuries of the fruitful grove. He 
 will take his own rest abroad, that he may give up his own skin or mat of 
 sedge to his guest. Nor is the traveler questioned as to the purpose of his 
 visit. He chooses his own time freely to deliver his message." Penn, who, 
 from frequent intercourse came to know them well, in his letter to the society 
 of Free Traders, says of them: "In liberality they excel; nothing is too good 
 for their friend. Give them a fine gun, coat or other thing, it may pass 
 twenty hands before it sticks; light of heart, strong affections, but soon spent. 
 The most merry creatures that live; feast and dance perpetually. They never 
 have much nor want much. Wealth circulateth like the blood. All parts 
 partake; and though none shall want what another hath, yet exact observers 
 of property. Some Kings have sold, others presented me with several parcels 
 of laud. The pay or presents I made them, were not hoarded by the particu- 
 lar owners, but the neighboring Kings and clans being present when the 
 goods were brought out, the parties chiefly concerned consulted what and to 
 whom they shou d give them. To every King, then, by the hands of a per- 
 "'"lu". T'"xv.^P?°'''*®'* '^ a proportion sent, so sorted and folded, and 
 with that gravity that is admirable. Then that King subdivideth it in like man- 
 ner among his dependents, they hardly leaving themselves an equal share 
 with one of their subjects, and be it on such occasions as festivals, or at their 
 common meals, the Kings distribute, and to themselves last. They care for 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 19 
 
 little because they want but little, and the reason is a little contents them. In 
 this they are sufficiently revenged on us. They are also free from our pains. 
 They are not disquieted with bills of lading and exchange, nor perplexed 
 with chancery suits and exchequer reckonings. "We sweat and toil to live; 
 their pleasure feeds them; I mean their hunting, fishing and fowling, and 
 this table is spread everywhere. They eat twice a day, morning and evening. 
 Their Heats and table are the ground. Since the Europeans came into these 
 parts they are grown great lovers of strong liquors, rum especially, and for it 
 exchange the richest of their skins and furs. If they are heated with liquors, 
 they are restless till they have enough to sleep. That is their cry, ' Some 
 more and I will go to sleep; ' but when drunk one of the most wretched spec- 
 tacles in the world." 
 
 On the 28th of August, 1609, a little more than a century from the time 
 of the first discovery of the New World by Columbus, Hendrick Hudson, an 
 English navigator, then in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, hav- 
 ing been sent out in search of a northwestern passage to the Indies, discovered 
 the mouth of a great bay, since known as Delaware Bay, which he entered and 
 partially explored. But finding the waters shallow, and being satisfied that 
 this was only an arm of the sea which received the waters of a great river, 
 and not a passage to the western ocean, he retired, and, turning the prow of 
 his little craft northward, on the 2d of September, he discovered the river 
 which bears his name, the Hudson, and gave several days to its examination. 
 Not finding a passage to the West, which was the object of his search, he returned 
 to Holland, bearing the evidences of his adventures, and made a full report of 
 his discoveries in which he says, " Of all lands on which I ever set my foot, 
 this is the best for tillage." 
 
 A proposition had been made in the States General of Holland to form a , 
 West. India Company with purposes similar to those of the East India Com- 
 pany ; but the conservative element in the Dutch Congress prevailed, and while 
 the Government was unwilling to undertake the risks of an enterprise for 
 which it would be responsible, it was not unwilling to foster private enter- 
 prise, and on the 27th of March, 1614, an edict was passed, granting the 
 privileges of trade, in any of its possessions in the New World, during four 
 voyages, founding its right to the territory drained by the Delaware and 
 Hudson upon the discoveries by Hudson. Five vessels were accordingly 
 fitted by a company composed of enterprising merchants of the cities of Am- 
 sterdam and Hoorn, which made speedy and prosperous voyages under com- 
 mand of Comelis J acobson Mey, bringing back with them fine furs and rich 
 woods, which so excited cupidity that the States General was induced on the 
 14th of October, 1614, to authorize exclusive trade, for four voyages, extend- 
 ing through three years, in the newly acquired possessions, the edict designat- 
 ing them as New Netherlands. 
 
 One of the party of this first enterprise, Cornells Hendrickson, was left 
 behind with a vessel called the Unrest, which had been built to supply the 
 place of one accidentally burned, in which he proceeded to explore more fully 
 the bay and river Delaware, of which he made report that was read before the 
 States General on the 19th of August, 1616. This report is curious as dis- 
 closing the opinions of the first actual explorer in an official capacity: " He 
 hath discovered for his aforesaid masters . and directors certain lands, a bay, 
 and three rivers, situate between thirty-eight and forty degrees, and did their 
 trade with the inhabitants, said trade consisting of sables, furs, robes and 
 other skins. He hath found the said country full of trees, to wit, oaks, hick- 
 ory and pinea, which trees were, in some places, covered with vines. He )iath 
 
20 HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 seen in said country bucks and does, turkeys and partridges. He hath fotmd 
 the climate of said country very temperate, judging it to be as temperate as 
 this country, Holland. He also traded for and bought from the inhabitants, 
 the Minquas, three persons, being people belonging to this company, which 
 three persons were employed in the service of the Mohawks and Maohicaiifi, 
 giving for them kettles, beads, and merchandise." 
 
 This second charter of privileges expired in January, 1618, and daring its 
 continuance the knowledge acquired of the country and its resources promised 
 so much of success that the States General was ready to grant broader privi- 
 leges, and on the 3d of June, 1621, the Dutch West India Company was in- 
 corporated, to extend for a period of twenty-four years, with the right of 
 renewal, the capital stock to be open to subscription by all nations, and 
 "privileged to trade and plant colonies in Africa, from the tropic of Cancur 
 to the Gape of Good Hope, and in America from the Straits of Magellan to the- 
 remotest north. " The past glories of Holland, though occupying but au in- 
 significant patch of Europe, emboldened its Government to pass edicts for th© 
 colonizing and carrying on an exclusive trade with a full half of the entire 
 world, an example of the biting off of more than could be well chewed. Bafe- 
 the light of this enterprising people was beginning to pale before the rising- 
 glories of the stern race in their sea girt isle across the channel. Dissensions- 
 were arising among the able statesmen who had heretofore guided its affairs, 
 and before the periods promised in the original charter of this colonizing com- 
 pany had expired, its supremacy of the sea was successfully resisted, and its 
 exclusive rights and privileges in the New World had to be relinquished. 
 
 The principal object in establishing this West India Company was to- 
 secure a good dividend upon the capital stock, which was subscribed to by the 
 rich old burgomasters. The fine furs and products of the forests, which had 
 been taken back to Holland, had proved profitable. But it was seen that i* 
 this trade was to be permanently secured, in face of the active competition of 
 other nations, and these commodities steadily depended upon, permanent set- 
 tlements must be provided for. Accordingly, in 1623, a colony of about forfy 
 families, embracing a party of Walloons, protestant fugitives from Belgium, 
 sailed for the new province, under the leadership of Cornel is Jacobson Meyand 
 Joriz Tienpont. Soon after their arrival, Mey, who had been invested with 
 the power of Director General of all the territory claimed by the Dutch, see- 
 ing, no doubt, the evidences of some permanence on the Hudson, determined 
 to take these honest minded and devoted Walloons to the South River, or Del- 
 aware, that he might also gain for his country a foothold there. The testi- 
 mony of one of the women, Catalina Trioho, who was of the party, is 
 curious, and sheds some light upon this point. " That she came to this prov- 
 ince either in the year 1623 or 1624, and that four women came along with 
 her in the same ship, in which Gov. Arien Jorissen came also over, which four 
 women were married at sea, and that they and their husbands stayed about 
 three weeks at this place (Manhattan) and then they with eight seamen more, 
 went in a vessel by orders of the Dutch Governor to Delaware River, and 
 there settled." Ascending the Delaware some fifty miles, Mey landed 
 on the eastern shore near where now is the town of Gloucester, and built a 
 fort which he called Nassau. Having duly installed his little colony, he re- 
 turned to Manhattan; but beyond the building of the fort, which served as a 
 trading post, this attempt to plant a colonv was futile; for these religious 
 zealots, tmng of the solitude in which they were left, after a few months, 
 ^andoned it, and returned to their associates whom they had left upon tha 
 Hudson. Though not successful in establishing a permanent colony upon tha 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 21 
 
 Delaware, ships plied regularly between the fort and Manhattan, and this 
 became the rallying point for the Indians, who brought thither their commodi.- 
 ties for trade. At about this time, 1626, the island of Manhattan estimated 
 to contain 22,000 acres, on which now stands the city of New York with its 
 busy population, surrounded by its forests of masts, was bought for the insig- 
 nificant sum of sixty guilders, about $24, what would now pay for scarcely a 
 square inch of some of that very soil. As an evidence of the thrift which had 
 begun to mark the progress of the colony, it may be stated that the good ship 
 " The Arms of Amsterdam, " which bore the intelligence of this fortunate pur- 
 chase to the assembly of the XIX in Holland, bore also in the language of 
 O'Calaghan, the historian of New Netherland, the " information that the col- 
 ony was in a most prosperous state, and that the women and, the soil were 
 both fruitful. To prove the latter fact, samples of the recent harvest, consist- 
 ing of wheat, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, canary seed, were sent forward, 
 together with 8,130 beaver skins, valued at over 45,000 guilders, or nearly 
 $19,000." It is accorded by another historian that this same ship bore also 
 " 853 J^ otter skins, eighty-one mink skins, thirty-six wi Id cat skins and thirty-four 
 rat skins, with a quantity of oak and hickory timber." From this it may b& 
 seen what the commodities were which formed the subjects of trade. Doubt- 
 less of wharf rats Holland had enough at home, but the oak and hickory tim- 
 ber came at a time when there was sore need of it. 
 
 Finding that the charter of privileges, enacted in 1621, did not give suffi- 
 cient encouragement and promise of security to actual settlers, further con- 
 cessions were made in 1629, whereby " all such persons as shall appear and 
 desire the same from the company, shall be acknowledged as Patroons [a sort 
 of feudal lord] of New Netherland, who shall, within the space ot four years 
 next after they have given notice to any of the chambers of the company here, 
 or to the Commander or Council there, undertake to plant a colony there of 
 fifty sonls, upward of fifteen years old; one- fourth part within one year, and 
 within three years after sending the first, making together four years, the re- 
 mainder, to the full number of fifty persons, to be shipped from hence, on pain, 
 in case of willful neglect, of being deprived of the privileges obtained." * * 
 " The Patroons, by virtue of their power, shall be permitted, at such places as they 
 shall settle their colonies, to extend their limits four miles along the shore, or 
 two miles on each side of a river, and so far into the country as the situation 
 of the occupiers will permit." 
 
 Stimulated by these flattering promises, Goodyn and Bloemmaert, two 
 wealthy and influential citizens, through their agents — Heyser and Coster — 
 secured by purchase from the Indians a tract of land on the western shore, 
 at the mouth of the Delaware, sixteen miles in length along the bay front, and 
 extending sixteen miles back into the country, giving a square of 256 miles. 
 Goodyn immediately gave notice to the company of their intention to plant a 
 colony on their newly acquired territory as patroons. They were joined by an 
 experienced navigator, De Vries, and on the 12th of December, 1630, a vessel, 
 the Walrus, under command of De Vries, was dispatched with a company of 
 settlers and a stock of cattle and farm implements, which arrived safely in 
 the Delaware. De Vries landed about three leagues within the capes, " near 
 the entrance of a fine navigable stream, called the Hoarkill," where he pro- 
 ceeded to build a house, well surrounded with cedar palisades, which served 
 the purpose of fort, lodging house, and trading post. The little settlement, 
 which consisted of about thirty persons, was christened by the high sounding^ 
 title of Zwanendal — Valley of Swans. In the spring they prepared their fields 
 and planted them, and De Vries returned to Holland, to make report of his 
 proceedings. 
 
22 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 But a sad fate awaited the little colony at Zwanendal. In accordance with 
 the custom of European nations, the commandant, on taking possession of the 
 new purchase, erected a post, and affixed thereto a piece of tin on which was 
 traced the arms of Holland and a legend of occupancy. An Indian chieftain, 
 passing that way, attracted by the shining metal, and not understanding the 
 object of the inscription, and not having the fear of their high mightinesses, 
 the States General of Holland before his eyes, tore it down and proceeded to 
 make for himself a tobacco pipe, considering it valuable both by way of orna- 
 ment and use. When this act of trespass was discovered, it was regarded by 
 the doughty Dutchman as a direct insult to the great State of Holland, and 
 so great an ado was raised over it that the simple minded natives became 
 frightened, believing that their chief had committed a mortal offense, and ir 
 the strength and sincerity of their friendship immediately proceeded to dis- 
 patch the offending chieftain, and brought the bloody emblems of their deed to 
 the head of the colony. This act excited the anger of the relatives of the mur- 
 dered man, and in accordance with Indian law, they awaited the chance to 
 take revenge. O'Calaghan gives the following account (jf this bloody massa- 
 cre which ensued: "The colony at Zwanendal consisted at this time of thirty- 
 four persons. Of those, thirty- two were one day at work in the fields, while 
 Commissary Hosset remained in charge of the house, where another of the set- 
 tlers lay sick abed. A large bull dog was chained out of doors. On pretence 
 of selling some furs, three savages entered the house and murdered Hosset 
 and the sick man. They found it not so easy to dispatch the mastiff. It was 
 not until they had pierced him with at least twenty-five arrows that he was 
 destroyed. The men in the fields were then set on, in an equally treacherous 
 manner, under the guise of friendship, and every man of them slain." Thus 
 was a worthless bit of tin the cause of the cutting off and utter extermination 
 of the infant colony. 
 
 De Vries was upon the point of returning to Zwanendal when he received 
 intimation of disaster to the settlers. With a large vessel and a yacht, he set 
 sail on the 24th of May, 1632, to carry succor, provided with the means of 
 prosecuting the whale fishery which he had been led to believe might be made 
 very profitable, and of pushing the production of grain and tobacco. On ar- 
 riving in the Delaware, he fired a signal gun to give notice of his approach. 
 The report echoed through the forest, but, alas! the ears which would have 
 been gladened with the sound were heavy, and no answering salute came from 
 the shore. On landing, he found his house destroyed, the palisades burned, 
 and the skulls and bones of his murdered countrymen bestrewing the earth, 
 sad relics of the little settlement, which had promised so fairly, and warning 
 tokens of the barbarism of the natives. 
 
 De Vries knew that he was in no position to attempt to punish the guilty 
 parties, and hence determined to pursue an entirely pacific policy. At his 
 invitation, the Indians gathered in with their chief for a conference. Sitting 
 down in a circle beneath the shadows of the somber forest, their Sachem in 
 the centre, De Vries, without alluding to their previous acts of savagery, 
 concluded with them a treaty of peace and friendship, and presented them in 
 token of ratification, "some duffels, bullets, axes and Nuyemburg trinkets." 
 
 In place of finding his colony with plenty of provisions for the immediate 
 needs of his party, he could get nothing, and began to be in want. He accord- 
 ingly sailed up the river in quest f.f food. The natives were ready with 
 their furs for barter, but they had no supplies of food with which they wished 
 to part. Game, however, was plenty, and wild turkeys were brought in weigh- 
 ing over thirty poUnds. One morning after a frosty night, while the little 
 
HISTORV OF PENNSYLVANIA. 23 
 
 craft was up the stream, the party was aafconished to find the waters frozen 
 over, and their ship fast in the ice. Judging by the mild climate of their own 
 country, Ekilland, they did not suppose this possible. For several week^ thev 
 were held fast without the power to move their floating home. Being in need 
 of a better variety of food than he found it possible to obtain, De Vries sailed 
 away with a part of his followers to Virginia, where he was hospitably enter- 
 tained by the Governor, who sent a present of goats as a token of friendship to 
 the Dutch Governor at Manhattan. Upon his return to the Delaware, De 
 Vries found that the party he had left behind to prosecute the whale fishery 
 had only taken a few small ones, and these so poor that the amount of oil ob- 
 tained was insignificant He had been induced to embark in the enterprise of 
 a settlement here by the glittering prospect of prosecuting the whale fishery 
 along the shore at a great profit. Judging by this experience that the hope 
 of great gains from this source was groundless, and doubtless haunted by a 
 superstitious dread of making their homes amid the relics of the settlers of the 
 previous year, and of plowing fields enriched by their blood. who had been 
 so utterly cut off, and a horror of dwelling amongst a people so revengeful and 
 savage, De Vries gathered all together, and taking his entire party with him 
 sailed away to Manhattan and thence home to Holland, abandoning, utterly the 
 settlement. 
 
 The Dutch still however sought to maintain a foomold upon the Dela- 
 ware, and a fierce contention having sprung up between the powerful patroons 
 and the Director General, and they having agreed to settle differences by 
 the company authorizing the purchase of the claims of the patroons, those upon 
 the Delaware were sold for 15,600 guilders. Fort Nassau was accioi'dinglyre-oc- 
 cupied and manned with a small military force, and when a party from Con- 
 necticut Colony came, under one Holmes to make a settlepient upon the Dela- 
 ware, the Dutch at Nassau were found too strong to be subdued, and Holmes 
 and his party were compelled to surrender, and were sent as prisoners of war 
 to Manhattan. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Sib William Kbift, 1638-47— Peter MnroiT, 1838-41— Pktkh Ho;.landabb, 1641-43— 
 John Pbintz, 1643-53— Peter Stuyvesant, 1647-64— John Pappagoya, 1653-54— 
 John CLAtrDK Rysingh, 1654-55. 
 
 AT j;his period, the throne of Sweden was occupied by Gustavus Adolphus, 
 a monarch of the most enlightened views and heroic valor. Seeing the 
 activity of surrounding nations in sending out colonies, he proposed to his 
 people to found a commonwealth in the New World, not for the mere purpose 
 of gain by trade, but to set up a refuge for the oppressed, a place of religious 
 liberty and happy homes that should prove of advantage to " all oppressed 
 Christendom." Accordingly, a company with ample privileges was incorpo- 
 rated by the Swedish Government, to which the King himself pledged |400,00( 
 of the royal treasure, and men of every rank and nationality were invited to 
 join in the enterprise. * Gustavus desired not that his colony should depend 
 upon serfs or slaves to do the rough work. " Slaves cost a great deal, labor 
 with reluctance, and soon perish from hard usage. The Swedish nation is 
 laborious and intelligent, and surely we shall gain more by a free people with 
 wives and children. " 
 
24 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In the meantime, the fruits of the reformation in Germany were menaced, 
 and the Swedish monarch determined to unsbeath his sword and lead hia 
 people to the aid of Protestant faith in the land where its standard had been 
 successfully raised. At the battle of Lutzen, where for the cause which he had 
 espoused, a signal victory was gained, the illustrious monarch, m the flower 
 of life received a mortal wound Previous to the battle, and while engaged in 
 active preparations for the great struggle, he remembered the interests of his. 
 contemplated colony in America, and in a most earnest manner commended, 
 the enterprise to the people of Germany. 
 
 Oxenstiern, the minister of Gustavus, upon whom the weight of govern- 
 ment devolved during the minority of the young daughter, Christina, declared 
 that he was but the executor of the will of the fallen King, and exerted him- 
 self to further the interests of a colony which he believed would be favorable to 
 "all Christendom, to Europe, to the whole world." Four years however 
 elapsed before the project was brought to a successful issue. Peter Minuit, 
 who had for a time been Governor of New Netherlands, having been displaced, 
 sought employment in the Swedish company, and was given the command of 
 the first colony. Two vessels, the Key of Calmar and the Griffin, early in the 
 year 1638, with a company of Swedes and Fins, made their way across the 
 stormy Atlantic and arrived safely in the Delaware. They purchased of the 
 Indians the lands from the ocean to the falls of Trenton, and at the mouth of 
 Christina Creek erected a fort which they called Christina, after the name of 
 the youthful Queen of Sweden. The soil was fruitful, the climate mild, and 
 the scenery picturesque. Compared with many parts of Finland and Sweden, 
 it was a Paradise, a name which had been given the point at the entrance of 
 the bay. As tidings of the satisfaction of the first emigrants were borne back 
 to the fatherland, the desire to seek a home in the new country spread rap- 
 idly, and the ships sailing were unable to take the many families seeking pas- 
 sage. 
 
 The Dutch were in actual possession of Fort Nassau when the Swedes 
 first arrived, and though they continued to hold it and to seek the trade of the 
 Indians, yet the artful Minuit was more than a match for them in Indian bar- 
 ter. William Keift, the Governor of New Netherland, entered a vigorous 
 protest against the encroachments of the Swedes upon Dutch territory, in 
 which he said " this has been our property for many years, occupied with 
 forts and sealed by our blood, which also was done when thou wast in the 
 service of New Netherland, and is therefore well known to thee. " But Minuit 
 pushed forward the work upon his fort, regardless of protest, trusting to th& 
 respect which the flag of Sweden had inspired in the hands of Banner and 
 Torstensen. For more than a year no tidings were had from Sweden, And no 
 supplies from any source were obtained; and "while the fruits of their labors 
 were abundant there were many articles of diet, medicines and apparel, th& 
 lack of which they began to sorely feel. So pressing had the want become, 
 that application had been made to the authorities at Manhattan for permission, 
 to remove thither with all their effects. But on the very day before that on 
 which they were to embark, a ship from Sweden richly laden with provisions, 
 cattle, seeds and merchandise for barter with the natives came joyfully to their 
 relief, and this, the first permanent settlement on soil where now are the States 
 of Delaware and Pennsylvania, was spared. The success and prosperity of th& 
 colony during the first few years of its existence was largely due to the skill 
 and policy of Minuit, who preserved the friendship of the natives, avoided an 
 open conflict with the Dutch, and so prosecuted trade that the Dutch Governor 
 reported to his government that trade had fallen oflf 30,000 beavers. Minuit 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 25 
 
 -was at the head of the colony tor about three years, and died in the midst 
 of the people whom he had led. 
 
 Minuit was succeeded in the government by Peter Hollandaer, who had 
 previously gone in charge of a company of emigrants, and who was now, in 
 1641, commissioned. The goodly lands Upon the Delaware were a constant 
 attraction to the eye of the adventurer ; a party from Connecticut, under the lead- 
 ership of Robert Cogswell, came, and squatted without authority upon the site 
 of the present town of Salem, N. J. Another company had proceeded up the 
 river, and, entering the Schuylkill, had planted themselves upon its banks. 
 The settlement of the Swedes, backed as it was by one of the most powerful 
 nations of Europe, the Governor of New Netherland was not disposed to 
 molest; but when these irresponsible wandering adventurers came sailing past 
 their forts and boldly planted themselves upon the most eligible sites andfer> 
 tile lands in their territory, the Dutch determined to assume a hostile front, 
 and to drive them away. Accordingly, Gen. Jan Jansen Van Ilpendam — his 
 very name was enough to frighten away the emigrants — was sent with two 
 -vessels and a military force, who routed the party upon the Schuylkill, destroy- 
 ing their fort and giving them a taste of the punishment that 'was likely to be 
 meted out to them, if this experiment of trespass was repeated. The Swedes 
 joined the Dutch in breaking up the settlement at Salem and driving away the 
 Hew England intruders. 
 
 In 1642, Hollandaer was succeeded in the government of the Swedish 
 Colony by John Printz, whose instructions for the management of affairs were 
 drawn with much care by the oflficers of the company in Stockholm. " He was, 
 fcst of all, to maintain friendly relations with the Indians, and by the advan- 
 tage of low prices hold their <rade. His next care was to cultivate enough 
 grain for the wants of the colonists, and when this was insured, turn his atten- 
 tion lo the culture of tobacco, the raising of cattle and sheep of a good species, 
 the culture of the grape, and the raising of silk worms. The manufacture of 
 salt by evaporation, and the search for metals and minerals were to be prose- 
 cuted, and inquiry into the establishment of fisheries, with a view to profit, 
 especially the whale fishery, was to be made." It will be seen from these in- 
 structions that the far-sighted Swedish statesmen had formed an exalted con- 
 ception of the resources of the new country, and had figured to themselves 
 great possibilities from its future development. Visions of rich silk products, 
 of the precious metals and gems from its mines, flocks upon a thousand hills 
 that should rival in the softness of their downy fleeces the best products of the 
 Indian looms, and the luscious clusters of the vine that could make glad the 
 palate of the epicure filled their imaginations. 
 
 With two vessels, the Stoork and Renown, Printz set sail, and arrived at 
 Tort Christina on the 15th of February, 1643. He was bred to the profession 
 of arms, and was doubtless selected with an eye to his ability to holding posses- 
 sion of the land against the conflict that was likely to arise. He had been a 
 Lieutenant of cavalry, and was withal a man of prodigious proportions, " who 
 weighed," according to De Vries, " upward of 400 pounds, and drank three 
 drinks at every meal." He entertained exalted notions of his dignity as Govern- 
 or of the colony, p.nd prepared to establish himself in his new dominions with 
 some degree of mignificence. He brought with him from Sweden the bricks 
 to be used for the construction of his royal dwelling. Upon an inspection of 
 the settlement, he detected the inherent weakness of the location of_ Fort 
 Christina for commanding the navigation of the river, and selected the island 
 of Tiuacum for the site of a new fort, called New Gottenburg, which was 
 speedily erected and made strong with huge hemlock logs. In the midst of 
 
26 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the island, he built his royal residence, which was surrounded with trera and 
 shubbery. He erected another fort near the mouth of Salem Creek, 
 called Elsinborg, which he mounted with eight brass twelve-pounders, 
 and garrisoned. Here all ships ascending the river were brought to, 
 and required to await a permit from the Governor before proceeding 
 to their destination. Gen. Van Ilpendam, who had been sent to drive 
 away the intruders from New England, had remained after executing 
 his commission as commandant at Fort Nassau; but having incurred the dis- 
 pleasure of Director Keift, he had been displaced, and was succeeded by An- 
 dreas Hudde, a crafty and politic agent of the Dutch Governor, who had no 
 sooner arrived and become settled in his place than a conflict of authority 
 sprang up between himself and the Swedish Governor. Dutch settlers secured 
 a grant of land on the west bank of Delaware, and obtained possession by pur- 
 chase from the Indians. This procedure kindled the wrath of Printz, who 
 tore down the ensign of the company which had been erected in token of 
 the power of Holland, and declared that he would have pulled down the 
 colors of their High Mightinessos had they been erected on this the Swed- 
 ish soil. That there might be no mistake about his claim to authority, the 
 testy Governor issued a manifesto to his rival on the opposite bank, in which 
 were these explicit declarations: 
 
 " Andreas Hudde I I remind you again, by this written warning, to discon- 
 tinue the injuries of which you have been guilty against the Eoyal Majesty 
 of Sweden, my most gracious Queen; against Her Eoyal Majesty's rights, pre- 
 tensions, soil and land, without showing the least respect to the Eoyal Majes- 
 ty's magnificence, reputation and dignity; and to do so no more, considering 
 bow little it would be becoming Her Eoyal Majesty to bear such gross violence, 
 and what great disasters might originate from it, yea, might be expected. * 
 * * All this I can freely bring forward in my own defense, to exculpate me 
 from all future calamities, of which we give you a warning, and place it at 
 your account. Dated New Gothenburg, 3d September, stil, veteri 1646." 
 
 It will be noted from the repetition of the high sounding epithets applied 
 to the Queen, that Printz had a very exalted idea of his own position as the 
 Vicegerent of the Swedish monarch. Hudde responded, saying in reply: " The 
 place we possess we hold in just deed, perhaps before the name of South Eiver 
 was heard of in Sweden." This paper, upon its presentation, Printz flung to 
 the ground in contempt, and when the messenger, who bore it, demanded an 
 answer, Printz unceremoniously threw bim out doors, and seizing a gun would 
 have dispatched the Dutchman had he not been arrested; and whenever any of 
 Hudde's men visited Tinicum they were sure to be abused, and frequently came 
 back " bloody and bruised. " Hudde urged rights acquired by prior posses- 
 sion, but Printz answered: " The devil was the oldest possessor in hell, yet he, 
 notwithstanding, would sometimes admit a younger one." A vessel which had 
 come to the Delaware from Manhattan with goods to barter to the Indians, was 
 brought to, and ordered away. In vain did Hudde plead the rights acquired 
 by previous possession, and finally treaty obligations existing between the 
 two nations. Printz was inexorable, and peremptorily ordered the skipper 
 away, and as his ship was not provided with the means of fighting its way up 
 past the frowning battlements of Fort Elsinborg, his only alternative was to 
 return to Manhattan and report the result to his employers. 
 
 Peter Stuyvesant, a man of a good share of native talent and force of char- 
 acter, succeeded to the chief authority over New Netherland in May, 1647. 
 The affairs of his colony were not in an encouraging condition. The New 
 England colonies were crowding upon him from the north and east, and the 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 27 
 
 Swedes upon the South River were occupying the territory which the Dutch 
 for many years previous to the coming of Christina's colony had claimed. 
 Amid the thickening complications, Stuyvesant had need of all his power of 
 argument and executive skill. He entered into negotiations with the New En- 
 gland colonies for a peaceful settlement of their difficulties, getting the very 
 best terms he could, without resorting to force; for, said his superiors, th» 
 officers of the company in Holland, who had an eye to dividends, " War can- 
 not be for our advantage; the New England people are too powerful for us.'* 
 A pacific policy was also preserved toward the Swedes. Hudde was retained 
 at the head of Dutch affairs upon the Delaware, and he was required to mako 
 f\ill reports of everything that was transpiring there in order that a clear in- 
 sight might be gained of the policy likely to be pursued. Stuyvesant was en- 
 tirely too shrewd a politician for ttie choleric Printz. He recommended to th» 
 company to plant a Dutch colony on the site of Zwanendal at the mouth of 
 the river, another on the opposite bank, which, if effectually done, would com- 
 mand its navigation; and a third on tho upper waters at Beversreede,' which 
 would intercept the intercourse of the native population. 'By this course of 
 active colonizing, Stuyvesant rightly calculated that the Swedish power would 
 be circumscribed, and finally, upon a favorable occasion, be crushed out. 
 
 Stuyvesant, that he might ascertain the nature and extent of the Swedish 
 claims to tho country, and examine into the complaints that were pouring in. 
 upon him of wrongs and indignities suffered by the Dutch at the hands of tha 
 Swedish power, in 1651 determined to visit the Delaware in his official capac- 
 ity. He evidently went in some state, and Printz, who was doubtless impressed 
 with the condecension of the Governor of all New Netherland in tljus coming, 
 was put upon his good behavior. Stuyvesant, by his address, got completely 
 on the blind side of the Swedish chief, maintaining the garb of friendship 
 and brotherly good-will, and iasisting that the discussion of rights should b& 
 carried on in a peaceful and friendly manner, for we are informed that they 
 mutually promised " not to commit any hostile or vexatious acts against one 
 another, but to maintain together all neighborly friendship and correspond- 
 ence, as good friends and allies aro bound to do. ' ' Printz was thus, by this 
 agreement, entirely disarmed and placed at a disadvantage; for the Dutch 
 Governor took advantage of the armistice to acquire lands below Fort Chris- 
 tina, where he proceeded to erect a fort only five miles away, which he named 
 Fort Casimir. This gave the Dutch a foothold upon the south bank, and in 
 nearer proximity to the ocean than Fort Christina. Fort Nassau was dis- 
 mantled and destroyed, as being no longer of use. In a conference with tha 
 Swedish Governor, Stuyvesant demanded to see documental proof of his right 
 to exercise authority upon he Delaware, and the compass of the lands to 
 which the Swedish Government laid claim. Printz prepared a statement in. 
 which he set out the "Swedish limits wide enough." But Stuyvesant de- 
 manded the documents, under the seal of the company, and characterized this 
 writing as a "subterfuge," maintaining by documentary evidence, on his part, 
 the Dutch West India Company's right to the soil. 
 
 Printz was great as a blusterer, and preserver of authority when personal 
 abus9 and kicks and cuffs could be resorted to without the fear of retaliation; 
 but no match in statecraft for the wily Stuyvesant. To the plea of pre-occu- 
 pancy he had nothing to answer more than he had already done to Hudde'p 
 messenger respecting the government of Hades, and herein was the cause oi 
 the Swedes inherently weak. In numbers, too, the Swedes were feeble com- 
 pared with the Dutch; who had ten times the population. But in diplomacy 
 he bad been entirely overreached. Fort Casimir, by its location, rendered 
 
28 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 the rival Fort Elsinborg powerless, and under plea that the mosquitoes had be- 
 come troublesome there, it was abandoned. Discovering, doubtless, that a cloud 
 of complications was thickening over him, which he would be unable with the 
 forces at his command to successfully withstand, he asked to be relieved, and, 
 without awaiting an answer to his application, departed for Sweden, leaving 
 his Boa-in-law, John Pappegoya, who had previously received marks of the 
 royal favor, and been invested vrith the dignity of Lieutenant Governor, in 
 supreme authority. 
 
 The Swedish company had by this time, no doubt, discovered that forcible 
 •opposition to Swedish occupancy of the soil upon Delaware was destined soon 
 to come, and accordingly, as a precautionary measure, in November, 1653, the 
 College of Commerce sent John Amundson Besch, with the commission of 
 •Captain in the Navy, to superintend the construction of vessels. Upon his 
 arrival, he acquired lands suitable for the purpose of ship-building, and set 
 about laying his keels. He was to have supreme authority over the naval force, 
 and was to act in conjunction with the Governor in protecting the interests of 
 the colony, but in such a manner that neither should decide anything without 
 •consulting tho other. 
 
 On receiving the application of Printz to be relieved, the company ap- 
 pointed John Claude Rysingh, then Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, 
 •as Vice Director of New Sweden. He was instructed to fortify and extend 
 the Swedish possessions, but without interrupting the friendship existing 
 "with the English or Dutch. He was to use his power of persuasion in induc- 
 ing the latter to give up Port Casimir, which was regarded as an intrusion 
 upon Swedish possessions, but without resorting to hostilities, as it was better 
 to allow the Dutch to occupy it than to have it fall into the hands of the En- 
 glish, "who are the more powerful, and, of course, the most dangerous in that 
 country." Thus early was the prowess of Eugland foreshadowed. Gov. 
 Eysingh arrived in the Delaware, on the last day of May, 1654, and immediately 
 •demanded the surrender of Fort Casimir. Adriaen Van Tienhoven, an aide- 
 de-camp on the staff of the Dutch commandant of the fort, was sent on board 
 the vessel to demand of Gov. Rysingh by what right he claimed to dis- 
 possess the rightful occupants; but the Governor was not disposed to discuss 
 the matter, and immediately landed a party and took possession without more 
 opposition than wordy protests, the Dutch Governor saying, when called on to 
 make defense, "What can I do? there is no powder." Rysingh, however, in 
 justification of his course, stated to Teinhoven, after he had gained possession 
 of the fort, that ho was acting under orders from the crown of Sweden, whose 
 «mbassador at the Dutch Court, when remonstrating against the action of Gov 
 Stuyvesant in erecting and manning Fort Casimir had been assured, by 
 the State's General and the offices of the West India Company that they had 
 not authorized the erection of this fort on Swedish soil, saying,' " if our people 
 are m your Excellency's way, drive them off." "Thereupon the Swedish 
 Orovernor slapped Van Teinhoven on the breast, and said, ' Go! tell your Gov- 
 ernor that.'" As the capture was made on Trinity Sunday, the name was 
 changed from Fort Casimir to Fort Trinity. 
 
 Thus were the instructions of the new Governor, not to resort to force but 
 to secure possession of the fort by negotiation, complied with, but by a forced 
 interpretation. For, although he had not actually come to battle, for the very 
 good reason that the Dutch had no powder, and were not disposed to usi 
 their fists against fire arms, which the Swedes brandished freely, vet, in mak- 
 *ng his demand for the fort, he had put on the stern aspect of wkr 
 
 btuyvesant, on learning of the loss of Fort Casimir, sent a messenger to the 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 29 
 
 Delaware to Invite Gov.Kysingh to come to Manhattan to hold friendly confer- 
 ence upon the subject of their difiSculties. This Eysingh refused to do, and the 
 Dutch Governor, probably desiring instructions from the home Government be- 
 fore proceeding to extremities, made a voyage to the West Indies for the purpose 
 of arranging favorable regulations of trade with the colonies, though without 
 the instructions, or even the knowledge of the States -General. Cromwell, 
 who was now at the head of the English nation, by the policy of his agents, 
 rendered this embassy of Stuyvesant abortive. 
 
 As soon as information of the conduct of Bysingh at Zwanendal was 
 mown in Holland, the company lost no time in disclaiming the representa- 
 tions which he had made of its willingness to have the fort turned over to the 
 Swedes, and immediately took measures for restoring it and wholly dispossess- 
 ing the Swedes of lands upon the Delaware. On the 16th of November, 1655, 
 ihe company ordered Stuyvesant " to exert every nerve to avenge the insult, 
 by not only replacing matters on the Delaware in their former position, but 
 by driving the Swedes from every side of the river," though they subsequent- 
 ly modified this order in such manner as to allow the Swedes, after Fort Casi- 
 mir had been taken, "to hold the land on which Port Christina is built," with 
 a garden to cultivate tobacco, because it appears that they had made the pur- 
 chase with the previous knowledge of the company, thus manifesting a disin- 
 clination to involve Holland in a war with Sweden. "Two armed tthips were 
 forthwilh commissioned; 'the drum was beaten daily for volunteers' in the 
 streets of Amsterdam; authority was sent out to arm and equip, and if neces- 
 sary to press into the company's service a sufficient number of ships for the 
 expedition." In the meantime, Gov. Rysingh, who had inaugurated his 
 reign by so bold a stroke of policy, determined to ingratiate himself into the 
 favor of the Indians, who had been soured in disposition by the arbi- 
 trary conduct of the passionate Printz. He accordingly sent out on all sides 
 an invitation to the native tribes to assemble on a certain day, by their chiets 
 and principal men, at the seat of government on Tinicum Island, to brighten 
 the chain of friendship and renew their pledges of faith and good neighbor- 
 hood. 
 
 On the morning of the appointed day, ten .grand sachems with their at- 
 tendants came, and with the formality characteristic of these native tribes, the 
 council opened. Many and bitter were the complaints made against the Swedes 
 for wrongs suffered at their hands, " chief among which was that many of 
 their number had died, plainly pointing, though not explicitly saying it, to the 
 giving of spirituous liquors as the cause." The new Governor had no answer 
 lo make to these complaints, being convinced, probably, that they were but too 
 irue. Without attempting to excuse or extenuate the past, Bysingh brought 
 iorward the numerous presents which he had taken with him from Sweden for 
 the purpose. The sight of the piled- up goods produced a prof ound impression 
 upon the minds of the native chieftains. They sat apart for conference before 
 making any expression of their feelings. Naaman, the fast friend of the white 
 man, and the most consequential of the warriors, according to Campanius, 
 spoke: " Look," said he, "and see what they have brought to us." So say- 
 ing, he stroked himself three times down the arm, which, among the Indians, 
 was a token of friendship; afterward he thanked the Swedes on behalf of his 
 people for the presents they had received, and said that friendship should be 
 observed more strictly between them than ever before; that the Swedes and 
 the Indians in Gov. Printz's time were as one body and one heart, striking his 
 breast as he spoke, and that thenceforward they should be as one head; in 
 token of which he took hold of his head with both hands, and made a motion 
 
 2 
 
30 HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 as if he were tying a knot, and then he made this comparison: " That, as th& 
 calabash was round, without any crack, so they should be a compact body with- 
 out any fissure; and that if any should attempt to do any harm to the Indians, 
 the Swedes should immediately inform them of it; and, on the other hand, the- 
 Indians would giye immediate notice to the Christians, even if it were in the 
 middle of the night." On this they were answered that that would be indeed 
 a true and lasting friendship, if every one would agree to it; on which they 
 gave a general shout in token of consent. Lnmediateiy on this the great guns- 
 were fbred, which pleased them extremely, and they said, "Poo, hoo, hoo; 
 mokerick picon," that is to say "Hear and believe; the great guns are fired." 
 itysingh then produced all the treaties which had ever been concluded between 
 them and the Swedes, which were again solemnly confirmed. " When those. 
 who had signed the deeds heard their names, they appeared to rejoice, but, 
 when the names were read of those who were dead, they hung their heads in 
 sorrow." 
 
 After the first ebulition of feeling had subsided on the part of the Dutch 
 Company at Amsterdam, the winter passed without anything further being 
 done than issuing the order to Stuyvesant to proceed against the Swedes. In 
 the spring, however, a thirty-six-gun brig was obtained from the burgomasters 
 of Amsterdam, which, with four other crafts of varying sizes, was prepared for 
 duty, and the little fleet set sail for New Netherland. Orders were given for 
 immediate action, though Director General Stuyvesant had not returned from 
 the West Indies. Upon the arrival of the vessels at Manhattan, it was an- 
 nounced that " if any lovers of the prosperity and security of the province of 
 New Netherland were inclined to volunteer, or to serve for reasonable wages, 
 they should come forward," and whoever should lose a limb, or be maimed, was 
 assured of a decent compensation. The merchantmen were ordered to furnish 
 two of their crews, and the river boatmen were to be impressed. At this junct- 
 ure a grave question arose: " Shall the Jews be enlisted? " It was decided 
 m the negative; but in lieu of service, adult male Jews were taxed sixty five 
 stivers a head per month, to be levied by execution in case of refusal. 
 
 Stuyvesant bad now arrived from his commercial trip, and made ready for 
 opening the campaign in earnest. A day of prayer and thanksgiving was held 
 to beseech the favor of Heaven upon the enterprise, and on the 5th of Septem- 
 ber, 1655, with a fleet of seven vessels and some 600 men, Stuyvesant hoisted 
 sail and steered for the Delaware. Arrived before Fort Trinity (Casimir), the 
 Director sent Capt. Smith and a drummer to summon the fort, and ordered a 
 S-^^J^"^®™®"^* ^^ ^ P^^y °* ^**y picked men to cut off communication with 
 lort Christina and the headquarters of Gov. Eysingh. Swen Schnte, the com- 
 mandant of the garrison, asked permission to communicate with Eysingh, 
 which was denied, and he was called on to prevent bloodshed. An interview 
 in the valley midway between the fort and the Dutch batteries was held, when 
 Schute asked to send an open letter to Eysingh. This was denied, and for a 
 third time the fort was summoned. Impatient of delay, and in no temper for 
 parley, the great ^ns were landed and the Dutoh force ordered to advance, 
 bchute again asked for a delay until morning, which was 'granted, as the day 
 was now well spent and the Dutoh would be unable to make the necessa]^ 
 
 onTIrJ+r n Tl^'J^^T '^T'"'^- ^^^y °° ^^ following day.Schute went 
 on board the Dutch flag-ship, the iJalance, and agreed to terms of surrender 
 
 nn7ni''°°f It^ ^'' ^^^^ • ^^ ^^" "'ermitted to send to Sweden, by the first 
 to mS^h on; S^f^"T!f' -.w '° °'™^«'-' belonging to the crown of Sweden, 
 
 ^n^cots flvt fi, "^ ""'^^ *''" !.^ '^"°' "^ ^' ^y S^^'^' ^^Jly accoutered, 
 and colors flying; the common soldiers to wear their side arms The com- 
 
 ■•>' 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 31 
 
 mandant and other officers were to retain their private property, the muskets 
 belonging to the crown were to be held until sent for, and finally the fort was 
 to be surrendered, with all the cannon, ammunition, materials and other goods 
 belonging to the West India Company. The Dutch entered the fort at noon 
 with all the formality and glorious circumstance of war, and Dominie Megap- 
 olensis, Chaplain of the expedition, preached a sermon of thanksgiving on the 
 following Sunday in honor of the great triumph. 
 
 "While these signal events were transpiring at Casimir, Gov. Bysing, at his 
 royal residence on Tinicum, was in utter ignorance that he was being despoiled 
 of his power. A detachment of nine men had been sent by the Governor to 
 Casimir to re-enforce the garrison, which came unawares upon the Dutch lines, 
 and after a brief skirmish all but two were captured. Upon learning that the 
 fort was invested, Factor Ellswyck was sent with a flag to inquire of the in- 
 vaders the purpose of their coming. The answer was returned "To recover 
 and retain our property. " Rysingh then communicated the hope that they 
 would therewith rest content, and not encroach further upon Swedish territory, 
 having, doubtless, ascertained by this time that the Dutch were too strong for 
 him to make any effectual resistance. Stuyvesant returned an evasive answer, 
 but made ready to march upon Fort Christina. It will be remembered that 
 by the terms of the modified orders given for the reduction of the Swedes, 
 Fort Christina was not to be disturbed. But the Dutch Governor's blood was 
 now up, and he determined to make clean work while the means were in his 
 hands. Discovering that the Dutch were advancing, Bysingh spent the whole 
 night in strengthening the defenses and putting the garrison in position to 
 make a stout resistance. Early on the following day the invaders made their 
 appearance on the opposite bank of Christina Creek, where they threw up de- 
 fenses and planted their cannon. Forces were landed above the fort, and the 
 place was soon invested on all sides, the vessels, in the meantime, having been 
 brought ioto the mouth of the creek, their cannon planted west of the fort and 
 on Timber Island. Having thus securely shut up the Governor and his garri- 
 son, Stuyvesant summmoned him to surrender. Bysingh could not in honor 
 tamely submit, and at a council of war it was resolved to make a defense and 
 " leave the consequence to be redressed by our gracious superiors." But their 
 supply of powder barely sufficed for one round, and his force consisted of only 
 thirty men. In the meantime, the, Dutch soldiery made free with the property 
 of the Swedes without the fort, killing their cattle and invading their homes. 
 "At length the Swedish garrison itself showed symptoms of mutiny. The 
 men were harassed with constant watching, provisions began to fail, many 
 were sick, several had deserted, and Stuyvesant threatened, that, if they held 
 out much longer, to give no quarter." A conference was held which ended 
 by the return of Bysingh to the fort more resolute than ever for defense. 
 Finally Stuyvesant sent in his ultimatum and gave twenty-four hours for a 
 final answer, the generous extent of time for consideration evincing the humane 
 disposition of the commander of the invading army, or what is perhaps more 
 probable his own lack of stomach for carnage. Before the expiration of the 
 time allowed, the garrison capitulated, " after a siege of fourteen days, dur- 
 ing which, very fortunately, there was a great deal more talking than cannon- 
 ading, and no blood shed, except those of the goats, poultry and swine, which 
 the Dutch troops laid their hands on. The twenty or thirty Swedes then 
 marched out with their arms; colors flying, matches lighted, drums beating, 
 and fifes playing, and the Dutch took possession of the fort, hauled down the 
 Swedish flag and hoisted their own." 
 
 By the terms of capitulation, the Swedes, who wished to remain in the 
 
32 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 country, were permitted to do so, od taking the oath of allegiance, and rights 
 of property were to be respected under the sway of Dutch law. Gov. Ry- 
 singh, and all others who desired to return to Europe, were furnished passage, 
 and by a secret provision, a loan of £300 Flemish was made to Rysingh, to be 
 refunded on bis arrival in Sweden, the cannon and other property belonging 
 •to the crown remaining in the hands of the Dutch until the loan was paid. 
 Before withdrawing Stuyvesant offered to deliver over Fort Christina and the 
 lands immediately about it to Rysingh, but this offer was declined with dig- 
 nity, as the matter had now passed for arbitrament to the courts of the two na- 
 tions. 
 
 The terms of the capitulation were honorable and liberal enough, but the 
 Dutch authorities seem to have exercised little care in carrying out its provis- 
 ions, or else the discipline in the service must have been very las. For Ry- 
 singh had no sooner arrived at Manhattan, than he entered most vigorous pro- 
 tests against the violations of the provisions of the capitulation to Gov. Stuy^ 
 vesant. He asserted that the property belonging to the Swedish crown had 
 been left without guard or protection from pillage, and that be himself had 
 not been assigned quarters suited to his dignity. He accused the Dutch 
 with having broken open the church, and taken away all the cordage and sails 
 of a new vessel, with having plundered the villages, Tinnakong, Uplandt. Fin- 
 land, Printzdorp and other places. " In Christina, the women were violently 
 torn from their houses; whole buildings were destroyed; yea, oxen, cows, hogs 
 and other creatures were butchered day after day; even the horses were nol 
 spared, but wantonly shot; the plantations destroyed, and the whole country 
 so desolated that scarce any means were left for the subsistence of the inhab- 
 itants." "Your men carried off even my own property, " said Rysingh, 
 " with that of my family, and we were left like sheep doomed to the knife, 
 without means of defense against the wild barbarians." 
 
 Thus the colony of Swedes and Fins on the South River, which had been 
 planned by and had been the object of solicitude to the great monarch himself, 
 and had received the fostering care of the Swedish Government, came to an 
 end after an existence of a little more than seventeen years — 1638-1655. But 
 though it no longer existed au a colony under the government of the crown of 
 Sweden, many of the colonists remained and became the most intelligent and 
 law-abiding citizens, and constituted a vigorous element in the future growth 
 of the State. Some of the best blood of Europe at this period flowed in the 
 veins of the Swedes. "A love for Sweden," says Bancroft, "their dear 
 mother country, the abiding sentiment of loyalty toward its sovereign, con- 
 tinued to distinguish the little band. At Stockholm, they remained for a 
 century the objects of disinterested and generous regard; affection united them 
 in the New World; and a part of their descendants still preserve their altar 
 and their dwellings around the graves of their fathers." 
 
 This campaign of Stuyvesant, for the dispossessing of the Swedes of terri- 
 tory upon the Delaware, furnishes Washington Irving subject for some of the 
 most inimitable chapters of broad humor, in his Knickerbocker's New York, to 
 be found in the English language. And yet, in the midst of his side-splitting 
 p^agraphs, he indulges in a reflection which is worthy of remembrance 
 Me who reads attentively will discover the threads of gold which run 
 throughout the web of history, and are invisible to the dull eye of ignorance. 
 * By the treacherous surprisal of Fort Casimir, then, did the craftv 
 Swedes enjoy a transient triumph^ but drew upon their heads the vengeance 
 of Pev«r Stuyvesant, who wrested all New Sweden from their hands. By the 
 'conquest of New Sweden, Peter Stuyvesant aroused the claims of Lord Balti- 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 33 
 
 more, who appealed to the cabinet of Great Britain, who subdued the whole 
 province of New Netherlands. By this great achievement, the whole extent of 
 North America, from Nova Scotia to the Floridas, was rendered one entire 
 dependency upon the British crown. But mark the consequence: The hith- 
 erto scattered colonies being thus consolidated and having no rival colonies to 
 check or keep them in awe, waxed great and powerful, and finally becoming 
 too strong for the mother country, were enabled to shake off its bonds. But 
 the chain of effects stopped not here; the successful revolution in America pro- 
 duced the sanguinary revolution in France, which produced the puissant 
 Bonaparte, who produced the French despotism. " 
 
 In March, 1656, the ship "Mercury," with 130 emigrants, arrived, the 
 government at Stockholm having had no intimation of the Dutch conquest. 
 An attempt was made to prevent a landing, and the vessel was ordered to 
 report to Stuyvesant at Manhattan, but the order was disregarded and the col- 
 onists debarked and acquired lands. The Swedish Government was not dis- 
 posed to submit to these high-handed proceedings of the Dutch, and the min- 
 isters of the two courts maintained a heated discussion of their differences. 
 Finding the Dutch disposed to hold by force their conquests, the government 
 of Sweden allowed the claim to rest until 1664. In that year, vigorous meas- 
 ures were planned to regain its claims upon the Delaware, and a fleet bearing 
 a military force was dispatched for the purpose. But, having been obliged to 
 put back on account of stress of weather, the enterprise was abandoned. 
 
 OHAPTEE III. 
 
 John Pattl Jacqtjet, 1655-57— Jacob Alrichs, 1657-59-^Goeran Van Dtck, 1657 
 _58— William Beekman, 1658-63— Alexander D'Hinoyossa. 1659-«4. 
 
 THE colonies upon the Delaware being now under exclusive control of the 
 Dutch, John Paul Jaquet was appointed in November, 1655, as Vice 
 Director, Derek Smidt having exercised authority after the departure of Stuy- 
 vesant. The expense of fitting out the expedition for the reduction of the 
 Swedes was sorely felt by the West India Company, which had been obliged 
 to borrow money for the purpose of t^ie city of Amsterdam. In payment of. 
 this loan, the company sold to the city all the lands upon the south bank of 
 the Delaware, from the ocean to Christina Creek, reaching back to the lands 
 of the Minquas, which was designated Nieur Amstel. Again was there di- 
 vided authority upon the Delaware. The government of the new possession 
 was vested in a commission of forty residents of Amsterdam, who appointed 
 Jacob Alrichs as Director, and sent him with a force of forty soldiers and 150 
 colonists, in three vessels, to assume the government, whereupon Jaquet relin- 
 quished authority over this portion of his territory. The company m commu- 
 nicating with Stuyvesant upon the subject of his course in dispossessing the 
 Swedes, after duly considering all the complaints and remonstrances of the 
 Swedish government, approved his conduct, "though they would not have been 
 displeased had such a formal capitulation not taken place," adding as a paren- 
 thetical explanation of the word formal " what is written is too long preserved, 
 and may be produced when not desired, whereas words not recorded are, in the 
 lapse of time, forgotten, or may be explained away." 
 
34 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 Stuyvesant still remained in supreme control over both the colony of the 
 city and the colony of the company, to the immediate governorship of the lat- 
 ter of which, Goeran Van Dyck was appointed. But though settlements in 
 the management of affairs were frequently made, they would not remain set- 
 tled. There was conflict of authority between Alrichs and Van Dyck. The 
 companies soon found that a grievous system of smuggling had sprung up. 
 After a searching examination into the irregularities by Stuyvesant, who vis- 
 ited the Delaware for the purpose, he recommended the appointment of one 
 general agent who should have charge of all the revenues of both co'onies, 
 and "William Beekman was accordingly appointed. The company of the city 
 spems not to have betn satisfied with the profits of their investment, and ac- 
 cordingly made new regulations to govern settlement, by which larger returns 
 would accrue. This action created discontent among the settlers, and many 
 who were meditating the purchase of lands and the acquisition of homes, de- 
 termined to go over into Maryland where Lord Baltimore was offering far more 
 liberal terms of settlement. To add to the discomforts of the settlers, " the 
 miasmH which the low alluvial soil and the rank and decomposed vegetation 
 of a new country engenders," produced wasting sicknesses. When the planting 
 was completed, and the new soil, for ages undisturbed, had been thoroughly 
 stirred, the rains set in which descended almost continuously, producing fever 
 and ague and dysentery. Scarcely a family escaped the epidemic. Six in 
 the family of Director Alrichs were attacked, and his wife died. New colo- 
 nists came without provisions, which only added to the distress. " Scarcity of 
 provisions," says O'Calaghan, "naturally followed the failure of the crops; 
 900 schepels of grain had been sown in the spring. They produced scarcely 
 600 at harvest. Eye rose to three guilders the bushel; peas to eight guilders 
 the sack; salt was twelve guilders the bushel at New Amsterdam; cheese and 
 butter were not to be had, and when a man journeys he can get nothing but 
 dry bread, or he must take a pot or kettle along with him to cook his victuals." 
 " The place had now got so bad a name that the whole river could not wash it 
 clean." The exactions of the city company upon its colony, not only did not 
 bring increased revenue, but by dispersing the honest colonists, served to 
 notify Lord Baltimore — who had laid claim to the lands upon Delaware, on 
 account of original discovery by Lord De la War, from whom the river takes 
 its name, and from subsequent charter of the British crown, covering territory 
 from the 38th to the 40th degree of latitude — of the weakness of the colonies, 
 and persuade him that now was a favorable opportunity to enforce his claims. 
 Accordingly, Col. Utie, with a number of delegates, was dispatched to demand 
 that the Dutch should qiiit the place, or declare themselves subjects of Lord 
 Baltimore, adding, " that if they hesitated, they should be responsible for 
 whatever innocent blood might be shed." 
 
 Excited discussions ensued between the Dutch authorities and the agents 
 of the Maryland government, and it was finally agreed to refer the matter to 
 Gov. Stuyvesant, who immediately sent Commissioners to the Chesapeake to 
 settle differences, and enter into treaty regulations for the mutual return of 
 fugitives, and dispatched sixty soldiers to tiie' Delaware to assist in preserving 
 order, and resisting the English, should an attempt be made to dispossess the 
 Dutch. ^ 
 
 Upon the death of Alrichs, which occurred in 1659, Alexander D'Hinoyossa 
 was appointed Governor of the city colony. The new Governor was a man of 
 good business capacity, and sought to administer the affairs of his colony for 
 the best interests of the settlers, and for increasing the revenues of the com- 
 pany. To further the general prosperity, the company negotiated a new loan 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 85 
 
 ■with which to strengthen and improve its resources. This liberal policy had 
 the desired effect The Swedes, who had settled above on the river, moved 
 down, and acquired homes on the lands of the city colony. The Fins and dis- 
 contented Dutch, who had gone to Maryland, returned and brought with them 
 some of the English settlers. 
 
 Discouraged by the harassing conflicts of authority which seemed inter- 
 minable, the West India Company transferred all its interests on the east side 
 of the river to the colony of ihe city, and upon the visit of D'Hinoyossa to 
 Holland in 1663, he secured for himself the entire and exclosive government 
 of the colonies upon the ^Delaware, being no longer subject to the authority of 
 Stuyvesant. 
 
 Encouraged by liberal terms of settlement, and there being now a prospect 
 of stable government, emigrants were attracted thither. A, M^nnonite commu- 
 nity came in a body. " Clergymen were not allowed to join them, nor any 
 * intractable people such as those in communion with the Boman See, usurious 
 Jews, English stiff-necked Quakers, Puritans, foolhardy believers in the mil- 
 lennium, and obstinate modern pretenders to revelation.' " They were obliged 
 to take an oath never to seek for an ofiSce; Magistrates were to receive no com- 
 pensation, " not even a stiver." The soil and climate were regarded as excel- 
 lent, and when suf&ciently peopled, the country would be the '^ finest on the 
 face of the globe." 
 
 OHAPTEE lY. 
 
 EiCHAED Nichols, 1664-67— Robekt Needham, 1664-68— Fkancis Lovelace 
 1667-73— John Cakr, 1668-73— Anthony Colve, 1673-74— Peter Aleiohs. 
 
 167S-74. 
 
 AFFAIRS were scarcely arranged upon the Delaware, and the dawning of 
 a better day for the colonists ushered in, before new complications 
 began to threaten the subversion of the whole Dutch power in America. The 
 English had always claimed the entire Atlantic seaboard. Under Cromwell, 
 the Navigation act was aimed at Dutch interests in the New Worid. Captain 
 John Scott, who had been an oflScer in the army of Charles I, having 
 obtained some show of authority from the Governor of Connecticut, had visited 
 the towns upon the west end of Long. Island, where was a mixed population of. 
 Dutch and English, and where he claimed to have purchased large tracts of 
 land, and had persuaded them to unite under his authority in setting up a 
 government of their own. He visited England and " petitioned the King to, be 
 invested with the government of Long Island, or that the people thereof , be 
 allowed to choose yearly a Governor and Assistants." By his representation, 
 an inquiry was instituted by the King's council, " as to his roajesi^'s title, to the 
 premises; the intrusions of the Dutch; their deportment; management of the 
 country; strength, trade and government; and lastly, of the means necessary 
 to induce or force them to acknowledge the King, or if necessary, to expel 
 them together from the country. " The visit of Scott, and his prayer to the 
 King for a grant of Long Island, was the occasion of inaugurating a policy, 
 which resulted in the overthrow of Dutch rule in America. But the attention 
 of English statesmen had for some time been turned to the importance of the 
 territory which the Dutch colonies had occupied, and a belief that Dutcii trade 
 in the New World was yielding great returns, stimulated inquiry. James, 
 
86 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 Duke of York, brother of the King, who afterward himself hecarne King, was 
 probably at this time the power behind the- throne that was urging on action 
 looking to the dispossession of the Dutch. The motive which seemed to actuate 
 him was the acquisition of personal wealth and power. He saw, as he 
 thought, a company of merchants in Amsterdam accumulating great wealth out 
 of these colonies, and he meditated the transfer of this wealth to himself. He 
 was seconded in this project by the powerful influence of Sir George Downing, 
 who had been Envoy at The Hague, under Cromwell, and was now under Charles 
 n. "Keen, bold, subtle, active, and observant, but imperious and unscrupulous, 
 disliking and distrusting the Dutch," he had watched every movement of the 
 company's granted privileges by the States General, and had reported every- 
 thing to his superiors at home. "The whole bent," says O'Calaghan,'' of this 
 man's mind was constantly to hold up before the eyes of his countrymen the 
 growing power of Holland and her commercial companies, their inmiense 
 wealth and ambition, and the danger to England of permitting these to pro- 
 gress o award unchecked.'' 
 
 After giving his testimony before the council, Scott returned to America 
 with a letter from the King recommending his interests to the co-operation and 
 protection of the New England colonies. On arriving in Connecticut, he was. 
 commissioned by the Governor of that colony to incorporate Long Island under 
 Connecticut jurisdiction. But the Baptists, Quakers and Menuonites, who formed 
 a considerable part of the population, " dreaded falling into the hands of the 
 Puritans." In a quaint document commencing, "In the behalf e of sum hun- 
 dreds of English here planted on the west end of Long Island wee address," 
 etc. , " they besought Scott to come and settle their difficulties. On his arrival 
 he acquainted them with the fact, till then unknown, that King Charles had 
 granted the island to the Duke of York, who would soon assert his rights. 
 Whereupon the towns of Hemstede, Newwarke, Crafiford, Hastings, Folestone 
 and Gravesend, entered into a ' ' combination " as they termed it, resolved to 
 elect deputies to draw up laws, choose magistrates, and empowered Scott to 
 act as their President; in short set up the first independent State in America. 
 Scott immediately set out at the head of 150 men, horse and foot, to subdue 
 the island. 
 
 On the 22d of March, 1664, Charles II made a grant of the whole of Long 
 Island, and all the adjoining country at the time in possession of the Dutch, 
 to the Duke of York. Borrowing four men-of-war of the king, James sent 
 them in command of Col. Eichard Nicholls, an old officer, with whom was as- 
 sociated Sir Robert Carr, Sir George Cartwright, and Samuel Maverick, Esq., 
 and a force of 450 men, to dispossess the Dutch. To insure the success of the 
 expedition, letters were addressed to each of the Governors of the New England 
 colonies, enjoining upon them to unite in giving aid by men and material to 
 Nicholls. The fleet sailed directly for Boston, where it was expected, and 
 whence, through one Lord, the Dutch were notified of its coming. The great- 
 est consternation was aroused upon the receipt of this intelligence, and the 
 most active preparations were making for defense. But in the midst of these 
 preparations, notice was received from the Chambers at Amsterdam, doubtless 
 inspired by the English, that " no apprehension of any public enemy or dan- 
 ger from England need be entertained. That the King was only desirous to 
 reduce the colonies to uniformity in church and state, and with this view was 
 dispatching some Commissioners with two or three frigates to New Eno'land to 
 introduce Episcopacy in that quarter." Thrown completely off his miard by 
 this announcement, the Director General, Stuyvesant abandoned all preparations 
 for resistance, and indulged in no anticipations of a hostile visitation. Thu^ 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 37 
 
 were three full weeks lost in which the colonies might have been put in a very- 
 good state of defense. 
 
 Nicholls on arriving in American waters, touched at Boston and Connecti- 
 cut, where some aid was received, and then hastened foward to Manhattan. 
 Stuyvesant had but a day or two before learned of the arrival, and of the hos- 
 tile intent. Scarcely had he issued ordei-s for bringing out his forces and for 
 fortifj'ing before Nicholls scattered proclamations through the colony promis- 
 ing to protect all who submitted to his Brittanic majesty in the undisturbed 
 possession of their property, and made a formal summons upon Stuyvesant to 
 surrender the country to the King of Great Britain. The Director found that 
 he had an entirely different enemy to treat with from Rysingh, and a few half- 
 armed Swedes and Fins upon the Delaware. Wordy war ensued between the 
 Commissioners and the Director, and the English Governor finding that Stuy- 
 vesant not in the temper to yield, landed a body of his soldiers upon the lower end 
 of the island, and ordered Hyde, the commander of the ileet, to lay the frigate? 
 broadside before the city. It was a critical moment. Stuyvesant was stand- 
 ing on one of the points of the fort when he saw the frigates approaching. 
 The gunner stood by with burning match, prepared to fire on the fleet, and 
 Stuyvesant seemed on the point of giving the order. But he was restrained, 
 and a further communication was sent to Nicholls, who would listen to nothing 
 short of the fall execution of his mission. Still Stuyvesant held out. The 
 inhabitants implored, but rather than surrender " he would be carried a corpse 
 to his grava" The town was, however, in no condition to stand a siege. Th© 
 powder at the fort would only suffice for one day of active operations. Pro- 
 visions were scarce. The inhabitants were not disposed to bo sacrificed, and 
 the disaffection among them spread to the soldiers. They were overheard mut- 
 tering, "Now we hope to pepper those devilish traders who have so long^ 
 salted us; we know where booty is to be found, and where the young women 
 live who wear gold chains. " 
 
 The Rev. Jannes Myapoleuses seems to have been active in negotiations and 
 opposed to the shedding of blood. A remonstrance drawn by him was finally- 
 adopted and signed by the principal men, and presented to the Director Gen- 
 eral, in which the utter hopelessness of resistance was set forth, and Stuyve- 
 sant finally consented to capitulate. Favorable terms were arranged, and 
 Nicholls promised that if it should be finally agreed between the English and 
 Dutch governments that "the province should be given over to Dutch rule, he 
 would peacefully yield his authority. Thus without a gun being fired, the En- 
 glish made conquest of the Manhattoes. 
 
 Sir Robert Carr, with two frigates and an ample force, was dispatched to- 
 the Delaware to reduce the settlements there to English rule. The planters, 
 whether Dutch or Swedes, were to be insured in the peaceable possession of 
 their property, and the magistrates were to be continued in office. 
 
 Sailing past the fort, he disseminated among the settlers the news of the 
 surrender of Stuyvesant, and the promises of protection which Nicholls had 
 made use of. But Gov. D'Hinoyossa was not disposed to heed the demand 
 for surrender without a struggle. Whereupon Carr landed his forces and 
 stormed the place. After a fruitless but heroic resistance, in which ten were 
 wounded and three were killed, the Governor was forced to surrender. Thus 
 was the complete subversion of the State's General in America consummated, 
 and the name of New Amsterdam gave place to that of New York, from the 
 name of the English proprietor, James, Duke of York. 
 
 The resistance offered by D'Hinoyossa formed a pretext for shameless 
 plunder. Carr, in his report which shows him to have been a lawless fel- 
 
S8 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 low, says, "Ye soldiers never stoping nntill they stormed ye fort, and sae con- 
 sequently to plundering; the seamen, noe less given to that sporty were quickly 
 within, and have gotten good store of booty." Carr seized the farm of 
 D'Hinoyossa, hi: broiber, John Carr, that of Sheriff Sweringen, and Ensign 
 Stock that of Peter Alrichs. The produce of the land for that year was seized, 
 together with a cargo of goods that was unsold. " Even the inoffensive Men- 
 nonists, though non-combatant from principle, did not escape the sack and 
 plunder to which the whole river was subjected by Carr and his marauders. 
 A boat was dispatched to their settlement, which was stripped of everything, 
 to a very naile." 
 
 Nioholls, on hearing of the rapacious conduct of his subordinate, visited 
 the Delaware, removed Carr, and placed Eobert Needham in command. Pre- 
 vious to dispatching his fleet to America, in June, 1664, the Duke of York had 
 granted to John, Lord Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, and Sir George Carteret, 
 of Saltnun in Devon, the territory of New Jersey, bounded substantially as the 
 present State, and this, though but little settled by the Dutch, had been in- 
 cluded in the terms of surrender secured by Nichblls. In many ways, he 
 showed himself a man of ability and discretion. He drew up with signal 
 success a body of laws, embracing most of the provisions which had been in 
 force in the English colonies, which were designated the Duke's Laws. 
 
 In May, 1667, Col. Francis Lovelace was appointed Governor in place of 
 Nicholls, and soon after taking charge of affairs, drew up regulations for the 
 government of the territory upon the Delaware, and dispatched Capt. John 
 ■Carr to act there as his Deputy Governor. It was provided that whenever 
 complaint duly sworn to was made, the Governor was to summon " the schout, 
 Hans Block, Israel Helm, Peter Eambo, Peter Cock and Peter Alrichs, or any 
 two of them, as counsellors, to advise him, and determine by the major vote 
 what is just, equitable and necessary in the case in question. " It was further 
 provided that all men should be punished in an exemplary manner, though 
 with moderation; that the laws should be frequently communicated to the 
 counsellors, and that in cases of difficulty recourse should be had to the Gov- 
 ernor and Council at New York. 
 
 In 1668, two murders were perpetrated by Indians, which caused consider- 
 able disturbance and alarm throughout the settlements. These capital crimes 
 appear to have been committed while the guilty parties were maddened by 
 liquor. So impressed were the sachems and leading warriors of the baneful 
 effects of strong drink, that they appeared beforff the Council and besought its 
 authority to utterly prohibit the sale of it to any of their tribes. These re- 
 quests were repeated, and finally, upon the advice of Peter Alrichs, " the 
 Governor (Lovelace) prohibited, on pain of death, the selling of powder, shot 
 and strong liquors to the Indians, and writ to Carr on the occasion to use the 
 utmost vigilance and caution. " 
 
 The native murderers were not apprehended, as it was difficult to trace 
 them; but the Indians themselves were determined to ferret them out. One 
 was taken and shot to death, who was the chief offender, but the other escaped 
 and was never after heard of. The chiefs summoned their young men, and in 
 presence of the English warned them that such would be the fate of all offend- 
 ers. Proud justly remarks: "This, at a time when the Indians were numer- 
 ous and strong and the Europeans few and weak, was a memorable act of jus- 
 tice, and a proof of true friendship to the English, greatly alleviating the 
 fear, for which they had so much reason among savages, in this then wilder- 
 ness country." 
 
 In 1669, a reputed son of the distinguished 'Swedish General, Connings- 
 
HMTOKlf OF PENNSYLVANIA. 39 
 
 marke, commonly called the Long Fin, with another of his nationality, Henry 
 Coleman, a man of property, and familiar with the language and habits of the 
 Indians, endeavored to incite an insurrection to throw off the English rule and 
 establish the Swedish supremacy. The Long Fin was apprehended, and was 
 condemned to die; but upon reconsideration his sentence was commuted to 
 whipping and to branding with the letter E. He was brought in chains to 
 New York, where he was incarcerated in the Stadt-house for a year, and was 
 then transported to Barbadoes to be sold. Improvements in the modes of 
 administering justice were from time to time introduced. New Castle was 
 made a corporation, to be governed by a Bailiflf and six associates. Duties on 
 importations were laid, and Capi Martin Pringer was appointed to collect and 
 maJ^e due returns of them to Gov. Lovelace. 
 
 In 1673, the French monarch, Louis XIV, declared war against the Neth- 
 erlands, and with an army of over 200,000 men moved down upon that de- 
 vocod country. In conjunction with the land force, the English, with a power- 
 ful armament, descended upon the Dutch waters. The aged Du Buyter and 
 the youthful Van Tromp put boldly to sea to meet the invaders. Three great 
 naval battles were fought upon the Dutch ,coast on the 7th and 14th of June, 
 and the 6th of August, in which the English forces were finally repulsed and 
 driven from the coast. In the meantime, the inhabitants, abandoning their 
 homes, cut the dikes which held back the sea, and invited inundation. Deem- 
 ing this a favorable opportunity to regain th^ir possessions wrenched from them 
 in the New World, the Dutch sent a small fleet under Commodores Cornelius 
 Evertse and Jacobus Benkes, to New York, to demand the surrender of all 
 their previous possessions. Gov. Lovelace happened to be absent, and his 
 representative, Capt. John Manning, surrendered with but brief resistance, 
 and the magistrates from Albany, Esopus, East Jersey and Long Island, on 
 being summoned to New York, swore fealty to the returning Dutch power. 
 Anthony Colve, as Governor, was sent to Delaware, where the magistrates 
 hastened to meet him and submit themselves to his authority. Property in 
 the English Government was confiscated; Gov. Lovelace returned to England, 
 and many of the soldiers were carried prisoners to Holland. Before their de- 
 parture. Commodores Evertse and Benkes, who styled themselves ' ' The honora- 
 ble and awful council of war, for their high mightinesses, the State's General 
 of the United Netherlands, and his Serene Highness, the Prince of Orange," 
 commissioned Anthony Colve, a Captain of foot, on the 12th of August, 1673, 
 to be Governor General of "New Netherlands, with all its appendences," 
 and on the 19th of September following, Peter Alrichs, who had manifested 
 his subserviency and his pleasure at the return of Dutch ascendancy, was ap- 
 pointed by Colve Deputy Governor upon the Delaware. A body of laws was 
 ■drawn up for his instruction, and three courts of justice were established, at 
 New Castle, Chester and Lewistown. Capt. Manning on his return to En- 
 gland was charged with treachery for delivering up the fort at New York with- 
 out resistance, and was sentenced by a court martial "to have his sword broken 
 over his head in public, before the city hall, and himself rendered incapable 
 of wearing a sword and of serving his Majesty for the future in any public 
 trust in the Government. " 
 
 But the revolution which had been affected so easily was of short duration. 
 On the 9th of February, 1674, peace was concluded between England and 
 Holland, and in the articles of pacification it was provided "that whatsoever 
 countries, islands, towns, ports, castles or forts, have or shall be taken, on both 
 sides, since the time that the late unhappy war broke out, either in Europe, or 
 elsewhere, shall be restored to the former lord and proprietor, in the same con- 
 
40 HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 dition they shall be in when the peace itself shall be proclaimed, after which 
 time there shall be no spoil nor plunder of the inhabitants, no demolition 
 of fortifications, nor carrying away of guns, powder, or other military stores 
 which belonged to any castle or port at the time when it was taken." This 
 left no room for conti'oversy about possession. But that there might be no legal 
 bar nor loophole for question of absolute right to his possessions, the Duke f)f 
 York secured from the King on the 29th of June following, a new patent cov- 
 ering the former grant, and two days thereafter sent Sir Edmund Andros, to 
 possess and govern the country. He arrived at New York jiiid took peaceable 
 possession on the 31st of October, and two days thereafter it was resolved in 
 council to reinstate all the officers upon Delaware as they were at the surrender 
 to the Dutch, except Peter Alrichs, who for his forwardness in yielding his 
 power was relieved. Capt. Edmund Cantwell and William Tom were sent to 
 occupy the fort at New Castle, in the capacities of Deputy Governor and Sec- 
 retary. In May, J675, Gov. Andros visited the Delaware, and held court at 
 New Castle " in which orders were made relative to the opening of roads, thtr 
 regulation of church property and the support of preaching, the prohibition 
 of the sale of liquors to the Indians, and the distillation thereof by the inhab- 
 itants." On the 23d of September, 1676, Cantwell was superseded by John 
 Collier, as Vice Governor, when Ephraim Hermans became Secretary. 
 
 As was previously observed, Gov. Nicholls, in 1664, made a complete di- 
 gest of all the laws and usages in "force in the English-speaking colonies in 
 America, which were known as the Duke's Laws. That these might now be 
 made the basis of judicature throughout the Duke's possessions, they were, on 
 the 25th of September, 1676, formally proclaimed and published by Gov. 
 Lovelace, with a suitable ordinance introducing them. It may here be ob- 
 served, that, in the administration of Gov. Hartranft, by act of the Legislature 
 of June 12, 1878, the Duke's Laws were published in a handsome volume, to- 
 gether with the Charter and Laws instituted by Penn, and historical notes 
 covering the early history of the State, under the direction of John B. Linn, 
 Secretary of the commonwealth, edited by Staughton George, Benjamin M. 
 Nead, and Thomas McCarnant, from an old copy preserved among the town rec- 
 ords of Hempstead, Long Island, the seat of the independent State which 
 had been set up there by John Scott before the coming of Nicholls. The num- 
 ber of taxable male inhabitants between the ages of sixteen and sixty years, 
 in 1677, for Uplandt and New Castle, was 443, which by the usual estimate of 
 seven to one would give the population 3,101 for this district. Gov. Collier 
 having exceeded his authority by exercising judicial functions, was deposed 
 by Andros, and Capt. Christopher Billop was appointed to succeed him. But 
 the change resulted in little benefit to the colony; for Billop was charged 
 wiUi many irregularities, " taking possession of the fort and turning it into 
 a stable, and the court room above into a hay and fodder loft; debarring the 
 court from sitting in its usual place in the fort, and making use of soldiefs for 
 nis own private purposes. " 
 
 The hand of the English Government bore heavily upon the denomination 
 of Christians called Friends or Quakers, and the earnest-minded, conscientious 
 worshipers, uncompromising in their faith, were eager for homes in a land 
 where they should be absolutely free to worship the Supreme Being. Berke- 
 ley and Carteret who had bought New Jersey, were Friends, and the settle- 
 ments made in their territory were largely of that faith. In 1675, Lord Ber- 
 fetL'^R^r ,''^^l^^"°^ the province to John Fenwicke, in trust for 
 
 Si. ^y^ii'^.g^'/lso Q^^akers, and Fenwicke sailed in the Griffith, with a 
 company of Friends who settled at Salem, in West Jersey. Byllin<.e having 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 41 
 
 become inTolved in debt, made an assignment of his interest for the benetit of 
 his creditors, and William Penn was induced to become trustee jointly with 
 Gowen Lawrie and Nicholas Lucas. Penn was a devoted Quaker, and he was 
 of that earnest nature that the interests of his friends and Cbristian devotees 
 were like his own personal interests. Hence he became zealous in promoting 
 the welfare of the colony. For its orderly government, and that settlers might 
 have assurance of stability in the management of affairs, Penn drew up " Con- 
 cessions and agreements of the proprietors, freeholders and inhabitants of West 
 New Jersey in America" in forty-four chapters. Foreseeing difficulty from 
 divided authority, Penn secured a division of the province by " a line of par- 
 tition from the east side of Little Egg Harbor, straight north, throng b the 
 country to the utmost branch of the Delaware River." Penn's half was called 
 New West Jersey, along the Delaware side, Carteret's New East Jersey along the 
 ocean shore. Penn's purposes and disposition toward the settlers, as the 
 founder of a State, are disclosed by a letter which he wrote at this time to a 
 Friend, Richard Hartshorn, then in America: " We lay a foundation for 
 after ages to understand their liberty, as men and Christians ; that they may 
 not be brought into bondage, but by their own consent; for we put the power 
 in the people. * * So every man is capable to choose or to be chosen ; no man 
 to be arrested, condemned, or molested, in his estate, or liberty, but by twelve 
 men of the neighborhood; no man to lie in prison for debt, but that his estate 
 satisfy, as fai' as it will go, and he be set at liberty to work; no man to be 
 called in question, or molested for his conscience. " Lest any should be in- 
 duced to leave home and embark in the enterprise of settlement unadvisedly, 
 Penn wrote and published a letter of caution, " That in whomsoever a desire to 
 be concerned in this intended plantation, such would weigh the thing before 
 the Lord, and not headily, or rashly, conclude on any such remove, and that 
 they do not offer violence to the tender love of their near kindred and relations, 
 but soberly, and conscientiously endeavor to obtain their good wills; that 
 whether they go or stay, it may be of good savor before the Lord and good 
 people." 
 
 CHAPTER Y. 
 
 Sir Edmund Andbos, 1674-81— Edmund Cantwell, 1674-76— John Colliek, 1676- 
 77— Christopher Billop, 1677-81. 
 
 "VTTILLIAM PENN, as Trustee, and finally as part owner of New Jersey, 
 VY became much interested in the subject of colonization in America. 
 Many of his people had gone thither, and he had given much prayerful study 
 and meditation to the amelioration of their condition by securing just laws for 
 their government. His imagination pictured the fortunate condition of a 
 State where the law-giver should alone study the happiness of his subjects, and 
 his subjects should be chiefly intent on rendering implicit obedience to 
 just laws. From his experience in the management of the Jerseys, he had 
 doubtless discovered that if he would carry out his ideas of government suc- 
 cessfully, he must have a province where his voice would be potential and his 
 will supreme. He accordingly cast about for the acquirement of such a land in 
 the New World. 
 
 Penn had doubtless been stimulated in his desires by the very roseate ac- 
 counts of the beauty and excellence of the country, its salubrity of climate, its 
 
42 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 balmy airs, the fertility of its soil, and the abundance of the native fish, flesh 
 and fowl. In 1680, one Malhon Stacy wrote a letter which was largely circu- 
 lated in England, in which he says: " It is a country that produceth all things 
 for the support and furtherance of man, in a plentiful manner. * * * I 
 have seen orchards laden with fruit to admiration; their very limbs torn to 
 pieces with weight, most delicious to the taste, and lovely to behold. I have 
 seen an apple tree, from a pippin-kernel, yield a barrel of curious cider; and 
 peaches in such plenty that some people took their carts a peach gathering; I 
 could not but smile at the conceit of it; they are very delicious fruit, and hang 
 almost like our onions, that are tied on ropes. I have seen and know, this 
 summer, forty bushels of bold wheat of one bushel sown. From May till 
 Michaelmas, great store of very good wild fruits as strawberries, cranberries 
 and hurtleberries, which are like our billberries in England, only far sweeter; 
 the cranberries, much like cherries for color and bigness, which may be 
 kept till frnit comes again; an excellent sauce is made of them for venison, 
 turkeys, and other great fowl, and they are better to make tarts of than either 
 goosoDerries or cherries; we have them brought to our houses by the Indians 
 in great plenty. My brother Eobert had as many cherries this year as would 
 have loaded several carts. As for venison and fowls, we have great plenty; 
 we have brought home to our countries by the Indians, seven or eight fat bucks 
 in a day. We went into the river to catch herrings after the Indian fashion. 
 * * * We could have filled a three-bushel sack of as good large herrings 
 as ever I saw. And as to beef and pork, here is great plenty of it, and good 
 sheep. The common grass of this country feeds beef very fat. Indeed, the 
 couatry, take it as a wilderness, is a brave country." 
 
 The father of William Penn had arisen to distinction in tne British Navy. 
 He was sent in Cromwell's time, with a considerable sea and land force, to the 
 West Indies, where he reduced the Island of Jamaica under English rule. At 
 the restoration, he gave in his adhesion to the royal cause. Under James, 
 Duke of York, Admiral Penn commanded the English fleet which descended 
 upon the Dutch coast, and gained a great victory over the combined naval 
 forces led by Van Opdam. For this great service to his country, Penn was 
 knighted, and became a favorite at court, the King and his brothor, the Duke, 
 holding him in cherished remembrance. At his death, there was due him 
 from tbe crown the sum of £16,000, a portion of which he himself had ad- 
 vanced for the sea service. Filled with the romantic idea of colonization, and 
 enamored with the sacred cause of his people, the son, who had come to be re- 
 garded with favor for his great father's sake, petitioned King Charles II to 
 grant him, in liquidation of this debt, " a tract of land in America, lying 
 north of Maryland, bounded east by the Delaware Eiver, on the west limited 
 as Maryland, and northward to extend as far as plantable." There were con- 
 flicting interests at this time which wore being warily watched at court. The 
 petition was submitted to the Privy Council, and afterward to the Lords of 
 the committee of plantations. The Duke of York already held the counties of 
 New Castle, Kent and Sussex. Lord Baltimore held a grant upon the south, 
 with an indefinite northern limit, and the agents of both these territories 
 viewed with a jealous eye any new grant that should in any way trench upon 
 their rights. These claims were fully debated and heard by the Lords, and, 
 being a matter in which the King manifested special interest, the Lord Chief 
 Justice, North, and the Attorney General, Sir William Jones, were consulted 
 both as to the grant itself, and the form or manner of making it. Finally, 
 after a careful study of the whole subject, it was determined by the highest 
 authority in the Government to grant to Penn a larger tract than' he had asked 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 43 
 
 for, and the charter was drawn with unexampled liberality, in unequivocal 
 terms of gift and perpetuity of holding, and with remarkable minuteness of 
 detail, and Chat Penn should have the advantage of any double meaning con- 
 veyed in the instrument, the twenty-third and last section provides: "And, 
 if perchance hereafter any doubt or question should arise concerning the true 
 sense and meaning of any word, clause or sentence contained in this our present 
 charter, we will ordain and command that at all times and in all things such 
 interpretation be made thereof, and allowed in any of our courts whatsoever 
 as shall be adjudged most advantageous and favorable unto the said William 
 Penn, his heirs and assigns." 
 
 It was a joyful day for Penn when he finally reached the consummation of 
 his wishes, and saw himself invested with almost dictatorial power over a 
 country as large as England itself, destined to become a populous empire. 
 But his exultation was tempered with the most devout Christian spirit, fearful 
 lest in the exercise of his great power he might be led to do something that 
 should be displeasing to God. To his dear friend, Robert Turner, he writes 
 in a modest way: "My true love in the Lord salutes thee and dear friends 
 that love the Lord's precious truth in those parts. Thine I have, and for my 
 business here know that after many waitings, watchinga, solicitings and dis- 
 putes in council, this day my couniiy was confirmed to me under the great seal 
 of England, with large powers and privileges, by the name of Pennsylvania, a 
 name the King would give it in honor of my father. I chose New Wales, be- 
 ing, as this, a -pretty hilly country; but Penn being Welsh for a head, as Pen- 
 manmoire in Wales, and Penrith in Cumberland, and Penn in Buckingham- 
 shire, the highest land iu England, called this Pennsylvania, which is the high 
 or head woodlands; for I proposed, when the Secretary, a Welshman, refused 
 to have it called New Wales, Sylvania, and they added Penn to it; and though 
 I much opposed it, and went to the King to have it struck out and altered, he 
 said it was past, and would take it upon him; nor could twenty guineas move 
 the Under Secretary to vary the name; for I feared lest it should be looked on 
 as a vanity in me, and not as a respect in the King, as it truly was to my 
 father, whom he often mentions with praise. Thou mayest commuuicate my 
 grant to Friends, and expect shortly mj proposals. It is a clear and just 
 thing, and my God, that has given it me through many difficulties, will, I be- 
 lieve, bless and make it the seed of a nation. I shall have a tender care to the 
 government, that it be well laid at first." 
 
 Penn had asked that the western boundary should be the same as that of 
 Maryland; but the King made the width from east to west five full degrees. 
 The charter limits were " all that tract, or part, of land, in America, with the 
 islands therein contained as the same is bounded, on the east by Delaware 
 Biver, from twelve miles distance northwards of New Castle town, unto the 
 three and fortieth degree of northern latitude. * * * * 
 
 The said land to extend westward five degrees in longitude, to be computed 
 from the said eastern bounds; and the said lands to be bounded on the north 
 by the beginning of the three and fortieth degree of northern latitude, and, 
 on the south, by a circle drawn at twelve miles distance from New Castle 
 northward and westward unto the beginning of the fortieth degree of northern 
 latitude; and then by a straight line westward to the limits of longitude above 
 mentioned." 
 
 It is evident that tne royal secretaries did not well understand the geogra- 
 phy of this section, for by reference to a map it will be seen that the begin- 
 ning of the fortieth degree, that is, the end of the thirty-ninth, cuts the 
 Disteici of Columbia, and hence Baltimore, and the greater part of Maryland 
 
44 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and a good slice of Virginia would have been included in the clear terms of 
 tho chartered limits of Pennsylvania. But the charters of Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia antedated this of Pennsylvania Still, the terms of the Penn charter 
 ■were distinct, the beginning of the fortieth degree, whereas those of Maryland 
 were ambiguous, the northern limit being fixed at the fortieth degree ; but whether 
 at the beginning or at the ending of the fortieth was not stated. Penn 
 claimed three full degrees of latitude, and when it was found that a contro- 
 versy was likely to ensue, the King, by the hand of his royal minister, Con- 
 way, issued a further declaration, dated at Whitehall, April 2, 1681, in which 
 the wording of the original chartered limits fixed for Pennsylvania were 
 quoted verbatim, and his royal pleasure declared that these limits should be 
 respected " as they tender his majesty's displeasure." This was supposed to 
 settle the matter. But Lord Baltimore still pressed his claim, and the ques- 
 tion of southern boundary remained an open one, causing much disquietude 
 to Penn, requiring watchful care at court for more than half a century, and 
 until after the proprietor's death. 
 
 We gather from the terms of the charter itself that the King, in making 
 the grant, was influenced "by the commendable desire of Penn to enlarge our 
 British Empire, and promote such useful commodities as may be of benefit 
 to us and our dominions, as also to reduce savage nations by just and gentle 
 manners, to the love of civil society and Christian religion," and out of "re- 
 gard to the memory and merits of his late father, in divers services, and par- 
 ticularly to his conduct, courage and discretion, under our dearest brother, 
 James, Duke of York, in the signal battle and victory, fought and obtained, 
 against the Dutch fleet, commanded by the Herr Van Opdam in 1665." 
 
 The motive for obtaining it on the part of Penn may be gathered from the 
 following extract of a letter to a friend: " For my country I eyed the Lord in 
 obtaining it; and more was I drawn inward to look to Him, and to owe it to His 
 hand and power than to any other way. I have so obtained and desire to keep 
 it, that I may be unworthy of His love, but do that which may answer His 
 kind providence and people." 
 
 The charter of King Charles II was dated April 2, 1681. Iiest any 
 trouble might arise in the future from claims founded on the grant previously 
 made to the Duke of York, of "Long Island and adjacent territories occupied 
 by the Dutch," the prudent forethought of Penn induced him to obtain a deed, 
 dated August 31, 1682, of the Duke, for Pennsylvania, substantially in the 
 terms of the royal charter. But Penn was still not satisfied. He was cut off 
 from the ocean except by the uncertain navigation of cue narrow stream. He 
 therefore obtained from the Duke a grant cf New Castle and a district of 
 twelve miles around it, dated on the 24th of August, 1682, and on the same 
 day a further grant from the Duke of a tract extending to Cape Henlopen, 
 embracing the two counties of Kent and Sussex, the two grants comprising 
 what were known as the territories, or the three lower counties, which were 
 for many years a part of Pennsylvania, but subsequently constituted the State 
 of Delaware. 
 
 Being now satisfied with his province, and that his titles were secure, Penn 
 drew up such a description of the country as from his knowledge he was able 
 to give, which, together with the royal charter and proclamation, terms of 
 settlement, and other papers pertaining thereto, he published and spread 
 broadcast through the kingdom, taking special pains doubtless to have the 
 documents reach the Friends. The terms of sale of lands were 40 shillings for 
 100 acres, and 1 shilling per acre rental. The question has been raised, why 
 exact the annual payment of one shilling per acre. The terms of the grant by 
 
A 
 
 g,^*. 
 
■>> 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANU. * 47 
 
 the royal charter to Penn were made absolute on the " payment therefor to us, 
 our heirs and successors, two beaver skins, to be delivered at our castle in 
 Windsor, on the 1st day of January in every year," and contingent payment 
 of one-fifth part of all gold and silver which shall from time to time happen 
 to be found clear of all charges." Penn, therefore, held his title only upon 
 the payment of quit-rents. He could consequently give a valid title only by 
 the exacting of quit -rents. 
 
 Having now a great province of his own to manage, Penn was obliged to 
 relinquish his share in West New Jersey. He had given largely of his time and 
 ■energies to its settlement; he had sent 1,400 emigrants, many of them people 
 of high character; had seen farms reclaimed from the forest, the town of 
 Burlington built, meeting houses erected in place of tents for worship, good 
 Government established, and the savage Indians turned to peaceful ways. 
 With satisfaction, therefore, he could now give himself to reclaiming and set- 
 tling his own province. He had of course in his published account of the 
 country made it appear a desirable place for habitation. But lest any should 
 regret having gone thither when it was too late, he added to his description a 
 caution, " to consider seriously the premises, as well the inconveniency as 
 future ease and plenty; that so none may move rashly or from a fickle, but from 
 a solid mind, having above all things an eye to the providence of God in the 
 disposing of themselves." Nothing more surely points to the goodness of 
 heart of William Penn, the great founder of our State, than this extreme 
 Bolicitude, lest he might induce any to go to the new country who should af- 
 terward regret having gone. 
 
 The publication of the royal charter and his description of the country 
 attracted attention, and many purchases of land were made of Penn before 
 leaving England. That these purchasers might have something binding to 
 rely upon, Penn drew up what he termed " conditions or concessions " between 
 himself as proprietor and purchasers in the province. These related to the 
 settling the country, laying out towns, and especially to the treatment of the 
 Indians, who were to have the same rights and privileges, and careful regard 
 as the Europeans. And what is perhaps a remarkable instance of provident 
 forethought, the eighteenth article provides " That, in clearing the ground, 
 care be taken to leave one acre of trees for every five acres cleared, especially 
 to preserve oak and mulberries, for silk and shipping." It could be desired 
 that such a provision might have remained operative in the State for all 
 time. 
 
 Encouraged by the manner in which his proposals for settlement were 
 received, Penn now drew up a frame of government, consisting of twenty- 
 four articles and forty laws. These were drawn in a spirit of unexampled 
 fairness and liberality, introduced by an elaborate essay ou the just rights of 
 government and governed, and with such conditions and concessions that it 
 should never be in the power of an unjust Governor to take advantage of the 
 people and practice injustice. " For the matter of liberty and privilege, I pur- 
 pose that which is extraordinary, and leave myself and successors no power of 
 doing mischief, that the will of one man may not hinder that of a whole coun- 
 try. This frame gave impress to the character of the early government. It im- 
 planted in the breasts of the people a deep sense of duty, of right, and of obli- 
 gation in all public affairs, and the relations of man with man, and formed a 
 framework for the future constitution. Penn himself had felt the heavy hand 
 of government for religious opinions and practice' sake. He determined, for 
 the matter of religion, to leave all free to hold such opinions as they might 
 elect, and hence enacted for his State that all who " hold themselves obliged 
 
48 « HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in conscience, to live peaceably and justly in civil society, shall, in no veays, 
 be molested, nor prejudiced, for their religious persuasion, or practice, in mat- 
 ters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled, at any time, to fre- 
 quent, or maintain, any religious worship, place, or ministry whatever. " At 
 this period, such govermental liberality in matters of religion was almost un- 
 kaown, though Eoger Williams m the colony of Rhode Island had previously, 
 under similar circumstances, and having just escaped a like persecution, pro- 
 claimed it, as had likewise Lord Baltimore in the Catholic colony of Mary- 
 land. 
 
 The mind of Penn was constantly exercised upon the affairs of his settlement. 
 Indeed, to plant a colony in a new country had been a thought of his boyhood, 
 for he says in one of his letters: "I had an opening of joy as to these parts in 
 the year 1651, at Oxford, twenty years since." Not being in readiness to ga 
 to his province during the first year, he dispatched three ship loads of set- 
 tlers, and with them sent his cousin, William Markham, to take formal pos- 
 session of the country and act as Deputy Governor Markham sailed for New 
 York, and upon his arrival there exhibited his commission, bearing date March 
 6, 1681, and the King's charter and proclamation. In the absence of Gov. An- 
 dros, who, on having been called to account for some complaint made against 
 him, had gone to England, Capt. Anthony BrockhoUs, Acting Governor, re- 
 ceived Markham's papers, and gave him a letter addressed to the civil officers 
 on the Delaware, informing them that Markham's authority as Governor had 
 been examined, and an official record made of it at New York, thanking them 
 for their fidelity, and requesting them to submit themselves to the new author- 
 ity. Armed with this letter, which was dated June 21, 1681, Markham pro- 
 ceeded to the Delaware, where, on exhibiting his papers, he was kindly re- 
 ceived, and allegiance was cheerfully transferred to the new government. In- 
 deed so frequently had the power changed hands that it had become quite a 
 matter of habit to transfer obedience from one authority to another, and they 
 had scarcely laid their heads to rest at night but with the consciousness that 
 the morning light might bring new codes and new officers. 
 
 Markham was empowered to call a council of nine citizens to assist him in 
 the government, and over whom he was to preside. He brought a letter ad- 
 dressed to Lord Baltimore, touching the boundary between the two grants, and 
 exhibiting the terms of the charter for Pennsylvania. On receipt of this let- 
 ter. Lord Baltimore came to Upland to confer with Markham. An observation 
 fixing the exact latitude of Upland showed that it was twelve miles south of 
 the forty -first degree, to which Baltimore claimed, and that the beginning of 
 the fortieth degree, which the royal charter explicitly fixed for the southern 
 boundary of Pennsylvania, would include nearly the entire State of Maryland, 
 and cut the limits of the present site of the city of Washington. "If this be 
 allowed," was significantly asked by Baltimore, "where is my province?" 
 He returned to his colony, and from this time forward an active contention 
 was begun before the authorities in England for possession of the disputed 
 territory, which required all the arts and diplomatic skill of Penn. 
 
 Markham was accompanied to the province by four Commissioners sent 
 out by Penn— William Crispin, John Bezer, William Haige and Nathaniel 
 Allen. The first named had been designated as Surveyor General, but he 
 having died on the passage, Thomas Holme was appointed to succeed him. 
 These Commissioners, in conjunction with the Governor, had two chief duties 
 assigned them. The first was to meet and preserve friendly relations with the 
 Indians and acquire lands by actual purchase, and the second was to select the 
 site of a great city and make the necessary surveys. That they might have a 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 49 
 
 Buitable introdnction to the natives from him, Penn addressed to them a dec- 
 laration of his purposes, conceived in a spirit of brotherly love, and expressed 
 in such simple terms that these children of the forest, unschooled in book 
 learning, would have no diflSoulty in apprehending his meaning. The refer- 
 ring the source of all power to the Creator was fitted to produce a strong im- 
 pression upon their naturally superstitious habits of thought. " There is a 
 great God and power, that hath made the world, and all things therein, to 
 whom you and I, and all people owe their being, and well being; and to whom 
 you and I must one day give an account for all that we do in the world. This 
 great God hath written His law in our hearts, by which we are taught and com- 
 manded to love, and help, and do good to one another. Now this great God hath 
 been pleased to make me concerned in your part of the world, and the King 
 of the country where I live hath given me a great province therein; but I de- 
 sire to enjoy it with your love and consent, that we may always live together, 
 as neighbors and friends; else what would the great God do to us, who hath 
 made us, not. to devour and destroy one another, but to live soberly and kindly 
 together in the world ? Now I would have you well observe thait I am very 
 sensible of the unkindness and injustice that have been too much exercised 
 toward you by the people of these parts of the world, who have sought them- 
 selves, and to make great advantages by you, rather than to be examples of 
 goodness and patience unto you, which I hear hath been a maUer of trouble 
 to you, and caused great grudging and animosities, sometimes to the shedding 
 of blood, which hath made the great God angry. But I am not such- a man, 
 as is well known in my own country. I have groat love and regard toward 
 you, and desire to gain your love and friendship by a kind, just and peaceable 
 life, and the people I send are of the same mind, and shall in all things be- 
 have' themselves accordingly; and if in anything any shall offend you or 
 your people, you shall have a full and speedy satisfaction for the same by an 
 equal number of just men on both sides that by no means you may have just 
 occasion of being offended against them. I shall shortly come to you myKelf, 
 at which time we may more largely and freely confer and discourse of these 
 matters. In the meantime, I have sent my Commissioners to treat with you 
 about land, and form a league of peace. Let me desire you to be kind to 
 them and their people, and receive these presents and tokens which I have sent 
 you as a testimony of my good will to you, and my resolution to live justly, 
 peaceably and friendly with you." 
 
 In this plain but sublime statement is embraced the whole theory of Will 
 iamPenn's treatment of the Indians. It was the doctrine which the Savior 
 of mankind came upon earth to promulgate — the estimable worth of every 
 human soul. And when Penn came to propose his laws, one was adopted 
 which forbade private trade with the natives in which they might be overreached; 
 but it was required that the valuable skins and furs they had to sell should be 
 hung up in the market place where all could see them and enter into compe- 
 tition for their purchase. Penn was offered £6,000 for a monopoly of trade. 
 But he well knew the injustice to which this would subject the simple-minded 
 natives, and he refused it saying: "As the Lord gave it me over all and 
 great opposition, I would not abuse His love, nor act unworthy of His provi- 
 dence, and so defile what came to me clean " — a sentiment worthy to be treas- 
 ured with the best thoughts of the sages of old. And to his Commissioners he 
 gave a letter of instructions, in which ho says: "Be impartially just to all; 
 that is both pleasing to the Lord, and wise in itself. Be tender of offending 
 the Indians, and let them know that you come to sit down lovingly among 
 them. Let my letter and conditions be read in their tongue, that they may see 
 
50 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 we have their good in our eye. Be grave, they love not to be smiled on." 
 Acting upon these wise and just considerations, the Commissioners had no diflS- 
 culty in making large purchases of the Indians of lands on the right bank' of 
 the Delaware and above the mouth of the Schuylkill. 
 
 But they found greater difficulty in settling the piace for the new city. 
 Penn had given very minute instructions about this, and it was not easy 
 to find a tract which answered all the conditions. For seven weeks they kept 
 up their search. Penn had written, " be sure to make your choice wliere it is 
 most navigable, high, dry and healthy; that is, where most ships may bestride, 
 of deepest draught of water, if possible to load and unload at the bank or 
 key's side without boating and lightening of it. It would do well if the river 
 coming into that creek be navigable, at least for boats up into the country, 
 and that the situation be high, at least dry and sound and not swampy, which 
 is best known by digging up two or three earths and seeing the bottom." By 
 his instructions, the site of the city was to be between two navigable streams, 
 and embrace 10,000 acres in one block. " Be sure to settle the figure of the 
 town so that the streets hereafter may be uniform down to the water from the 
 country bounds. Let every house be placed, if the person pleases, in the 
 middle of its plat, as to the breadth way of it, that so there may be ground on 
 each side for gardens or orchards or fields, that it may be a green country town, 
 which will neter be burnt and always wholesome." The soil was examined, 
 the streams were sounded, deep pits were dug that a location might be found 
 which should gratify the desires of Penn. All the eligible sitQs were inspected 
 from the ocean far up into the country. Penn himself had anticipated that 
 Chester or Upland would be adopted from all that he could learn of it; but 
 this was rejected, as was also the ground upon Poquessing Creek and that at 
 Pennsbury Manor above Bristol which had been carefully considered, and the 
 present site of Philadelphia was finally adopted as coming nearest to the 
 requirements of the proprietor. It had not 10,000 acres in a solid square, but 
 it was between two navigable streams, and the soil was high and dry, being for 
 the most part a vast bed of gravel, excellent for drainage and likely to prove 
 healthful. The streets were laid out regularly and crossed each other at 
 right angles. As the ground was only gently rolling, the grading was easily 
 accomplished. One broad street. Market, extends from river to river through 
 the midst of it, which is crossed at right angles at its middle point by Broad 
 street of equal width. It is 120 miles from fhe ocean by the course of the 
 river, and only sixty in a direct line, eighty-seven miles from New York, 
 ninety-five from Baltimore, 136 from Washington, 100 from Harrisburg and 
 300 from Pittsburgh, and lies in north latitude 39° 56' 54", and longitude 75° 
 8' 45" west from Greenwich The name Philadelphia (brotherly love), was 
 one that Penn had before selected, as this founding a city was a project which 
 he bad long dreamed of and contemplated with never-ceasing interest. 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVAJSIA. 51 
 
 CHAPTER YL 
 William Markham, 1681-83— Willlim Penn, 1682-84. 
 
 HAVING now made necessary preparations and settled his affairs in En- 
 gland, Penn embarked on board the ship Welcome, in August, 1682, in 
 company with about a hundred planters, mostly from his native town of Sussex, 
 and set his prow for the New World! Before leaving the Downs, he addressed 
 a farewell letter to his friends whom ho left behind, and another to his wife 
 and children, giving them much excellent advice, and sketching the way of 
 life he wished them to lead. With remarkable care and minuteness, he points 
 out the way in which he would have his children bred, and educated, married, 
 and live. A single passage from this remarkable document will indicate its 
 general tenor. " Be sure to observe," in educating his children, " their genius, 
 and do not cross it as to learning ; let them not dwell too long on one thing ; 
 but let their change be agreeable, and let all their diversions have some little 
 bodily labor in them. When grown big, have most care for them ; for then 
 there are more snares both within and without. When marriageable, see that 
 they have worthy persons in their eye ; of good life and good fame for piety 
 and understanding. I need no wealth but sufficiency ; and be sure their love 
 be dear, fervent and mutual, that it may be happy for them." And to his 
 children he said, " Betake yourselves to some honest, industrious course of 
 life, and that not of sordid covetousness, but for example and to avoid idle- 
 ness. * * * * * Love not money nor the world ; use them only, 
 and they will serve you ; but if you love them you serve them, which will 
 debase your spirits as well as offend the Lord. ***** Watch 
 against anger, neither apeak nor act in it ; for, like drunkenness, it makes a 
 man a beast, and throws people into desperate inconveniences." The entire 
 letters are so full of excellent counsel that they might with great profit be 
 committed to memory, and treasured in the heart. 
 
 The voyage of nearly six weeks was prosperous ; but they had not been 
 long on the ocean before that loathed disease — the virulent small-pox — broke, 
 out, of which thirty died, nearly a third of the whole company. This, added 
 to the usual discomforts end terrors of the ocean, to most of whom this was 
 probably their first experience, made the voyage a dismal one. And here was 
 seen the nobility of Penn. " For his good conversation. " says one of them, 
 " was very advantageous to all the company. His singular care was manifested 
 in contributing to the necessities of many who were sick with the small-pox 
 then on board." 
 
 His arrival upon the coast and passage up the river was hailed with dem- 
 onstrations of joy by all classes, English, Dutch, Swedes, and especially by his 
 own devoted followers. He landed at New Castle on the 24th ot October, 1682, 
 and on the following day summoned the people to the court house, where pos- 
 session of the country was formally made over jO him, and he renewed the 
 commissions of the magistrates, to whom and to the assembled people he an- 
 nounced the design of his coming, explained the nature and end of truly good 
 government, assuring them that their religious and civil rights should be re- 
 spected, and recommended them to live in sobriety and peace. He then pro- 
 
52 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ceeded to Upland, hencefoward known as Chester, where, on the 4th of Novem- 
 ber, he called an assembly of the people, in which an equal number of votes 
 was allowed to the province and the territories. Nicholas Moore, President of 
 the Free Society of Traders, was chosen speaker. As at New Castle, Penn 
 addressed the assembly, giving them assurances of his beneficent intentions, 
 for which they returned their grateful acknowledgments, the Swedes beiag 
 especially demonstrative, deputing one of their pumber. Lacy Cock, to say 
 " That they would love, serve and obey him with all they had, and that this 
 was the best day they ever saw. " We can well understand with what satisfac- 
 tion the settlers upon the Delaware hailed the prospect of a stable government 
 established in their own midst, after having been so long at the mercy of the 
 government in New York, with allegience trembling between the courts of 
 Sweden, Holland and Britain. 
 
 The proceedings of this first assembly were conducted with great decorum, 
 and after the usages of the English Parliament. On the 7th of December, 
 1682, the three lower counties, what is now Delaware, which had previously 
 been under the government of the Duke of York, were formerly annexed to the 
 province, and became an integral part of Pennsylvania. The frame of govern- 
 ment, which had been drawn with much deliberation, was submitted to the 
 assembly, and, after some alterations and amendments, was adopted, and be- 
 came the fundamental law of the State. The assembly was in session only 
 three days, but the work they accomplished, how vast and far-reaching in its 
 influence! 
 
 The Dutch, Swedes and other foreigners were then naturalized, and the 
 government was launched in fair running order: That some idea may be had 
 of its character, the subjects treated are here given: 1, Liberty of conscience; 
 2, Qualification of officers; 3, Swearing by God, Christ or Jesus; 4, Swearing 
 by any other thing or name; 5, Profanity; 6, Cursing; 7, Fornication; 8, In- 
 cest; 9, Sodomy; 10, Eape; 11, Bigamy; 12, Drunkenness; 13, Suffering 
 drunkenness; 14, Healths drinking; 15, Selling liquor to Indians; 16, Arson; 
 17, Burglary; 18, Stolen goods; 19, Forcible entry; 20, Riots; 21, Assaulting 
 parents; 22, Assaulting Magistrates; 23, Assaulting masters; 24, Assault and 
 battery; 25, Duels; 26, Riotous sports, as plays; 27, Gambling and lotteries; 
 28, Sedition; 29, Contempt; 30, Libel; 31, Common scolds; 32, Charities; 
 33, Prices of beer and ale; 34, Weights and measures; 35, Names of days and 
 months; 36, Perjury; 37, Court proceedings in English; 88, Civil and crim- 
 inal trials; 39, Fees, salaries, bribery and extortion; 40, Moderation of fines; 
 41, Suits avoidable; 42, Foreign arrest; 43, Contracts: 44, Charters, gifts, 
 grants, conveyances, bills, bonds and deeds, when recorded; 45, Wills; 46, 
 Wills of non compos mentis; 47, Registry of Wills; 48, Registry for servants; 
 49, Factors; 50, Defacers, corrupters and embezzlers of charters, conveyances 
 and records; 51, Lands and goods to pay debts; 52, Bailable offenses; 53, 
 Jails and jailers; 54, Prisons to be workhouses; 55, False imprisonment; 56, 
 Magistrates may elect between fine or imprisonment; 57, Freemen; 58, Elec- 
 tions; 59, No money levied but in pursuance of law; 60, Laws shall be printed 
 and taught in schools; 61, All other things, not provided for herein, are re- 
 ferred to the Governor and freemen from time to time. 
 
 Very soon after his arrival io the colony, after the precept had been issued, 
 but before the convening of the Assembly, Penn, that he might not be wanting 
 in respect to the Duke of York, made a visit to New York, where he was kind- 
 ly received, and also after the adjournment of the Assembly, journeyed to Mary- 
 land, where he was entertained by Lord Baltimore with great ceremony. The 
 settlement of the disputed boundaries was made the subject of formal" confer- 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 53 
 
 «nce. But after two days spent in fruitless discussion, the weather becoming 
 severely cold, and thus precluding the possibility of taking observations or 
 making the necessary surveys, it was agreed to adjourn fui-ther consideration 
 of the subject until the milder weather of the spring. We may imagine that 
 the two Governors were taking the measure of each other, and of gaining all 
 possible knowledge of each other's claims and rights, preparatory to that 
 struggle for possession of this disputed fortieth degree of latitude, which was 
 desiined to come before the home government. 
 
 With all his cares in founding a State and providing a government over a 
 new people, Penn did not forget to preach the "blessed Gospel," and wherever 
 he went he was intent upon his " Master's business." On his return from 
 Maryland, Lord Baltimore accompanied him several miles to the house of 
 William Eichardson, and thence to Thomas Hooker's, where was a religious 
 meeting, as was also one held at Choptauk. Penn himself says: "Ihave 
 been also at New York, Long Island, East Jersey and Maryland, in which I 
 have had good and eminent service for the Lord." And again he says: "As to 
 outward things, we are satisfied — the land good, the air clear and sweet, the 
 springs plentiful, and provisions good and easy to come at, an innumerable 
 quantity of wild fowl and fish; in fine, here is what an Abraham, Isaac and 
 Jacob would be well contented with, and service enough for God: for the 
 fields are here white for the harvest. O, how sweet is the quiet of these parts, 
 freed from the anxious and troublesome solicitations, hurries and perplexities 
 of woeful Europe! * * * Blessed be the Lord, that of twenty-three ships, 
 none miscarried; only two or three had the small-pox; else healthy and swift 
 passages, generally such as have not been known; some but twenty-eight days, 
 and few longer than six weeks. Blessed be God for it; my soul fervently 
 breathes that in His heavenly guiding wisdom, we may be kept, that we may 
 serve Him in our day, and lay down our heads in peace. " And then, as if re- 
 proached for not having mentioned another subject of thankfulness, he adds in 
 a postscript, "Many women, in divers of the ships, brought to bed; they and 
 their children do well." 
 
 Penn made it his first care to take formal possession of his province, and 
 adopt a frame of government. When this was done, his chief concern was 
 to look to the establishment of his proposed new city, the site of which had 
 already been determined on by his Commissioners. Accordingly, early in 
 November, at a season when, in this section, the days are golden, Penn em- 
 barked in an open barge with a number of his friends, and was wafted 
 leisurely up the Delaware to the present site of the city of Philadel- 
 phia, which the natives called Goaquannock. Along the river was a bold shore, 
 fringed with lofty pines, which grew close down to the water's edge, so much 
 80 that when the first ship passing up with settlers for West Jersey had brushed 
 against the branches, the passengers remarked that this would be a good place 
 for a city. It was then in a wild state, the deer browsing along the shore and 
 sipping the stream, and the coneys burrowing in the banks. The scattered 
 settlers had gathered in to see and welcome the new Governor, and when he 
 stepped upon the shore, they extended a helping hand in. assisting him up the 
 rugged bluff. Three Swedes had already taken up tracts within the limits of 
 the block of land chosen for the city. But they were given lands in exchange, 
 and readily relinquished their claims. The location was pleasing to Penn, and 
 was adopted without further search, though little could be seen of this then 
 forest-encuiobered country, where now is the home of countless industries, the 
 busy mart, the river bearing upon its bosom the commerce of many climes, 
 ■and the abiding place of nearly a million of people. But Penn did not con- 
 
64 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 sider that he had as yet any just title to the soil, holding that the Indians 
 were its only rightful possessors, and until it was fairly acquired by purchase 
 from them, his own title was entirely void. 
 
 Hence, he sought an early opportunity to meet the chiefs of the tribes and 
 cultivate friendly relations with them. Tradition fixes the first great treaty 
 or conference at about this time, probably in November, and the place under 
 the elm tree, known as the " Treaty Tree," at Kensington. It was at a sea- 
 son when the leaves would still be upon the trees, and the assembly was called 
 beneath the ample shade of the wide-sweeping branches, which was pleasing 
 to the Indians, as it was their custom to hold all their great deliberations and 
 smoke the pipe of peace in the open air. The letter which Penn had sent had 
 prepared the minds of these simple-hearted inhabitants of the forest to regard 
 him with awe and reverence, little less than that inspired by a descended god. 
 His coming had for a long time been awaited, and it is probable that it had 
 been heralded and talked over by the wigwam fire throughout the remotest 
 bounds of the tribes. And when at length the day came, the whole popula- 
 tion far around had assembled. 
 
 It is known that three tribes at least were represented — the Lenni Lenape, 
 living along the Delaware; the Shawneea, a tribe that had come up from the 
 South, and were seated along the Lower Susquehanna; and the Mingoes, 
 sprung from the Six Nations, and inhabiting along the Conestoga. Penn was 
 probably accompanied by the several officers of his Government and his most 
 trusted friends. There were no implements of warfare, for peace was a cardi- 
 nal feature of the Quaker creed. 
 
 No veritable account of this, the great treaty, is known to have been made; 
 but from the fact that Penn not long after, in an elaborate treatise upon the 
 country, the inhabitants and the natives, has given the account of the manner 
 in which the lodians demean themselves in conference, we may infer that he 
 had this one in mind, and hence we may adopt it as his own description of the 
 scene. 
 
 " Their order is thus: The King sits in the middle of a half moon, and 
 hath his council, the old and wise, on each hand; behind them, or at a little 
 distance, sit the younger fry in the same figure. Having consulted and re- 
 solved their business, the King ordered one of them to speak to me. He stood 
 up, came to me, and, in the name of the King, saluted me; then took me by 
 th« hand and told me he was ordered by the King to speak to me; and now it 
 was not he, but the King that spoke, because what he would say was the 
 King's mind. * * * * During the time that this person spoke, not 
 a man of them was observed to whisper or smile; the old grave, the young 
 reverant, in their deportment. They speak little, but fervently, and with ele- 
 gance. " 
 
 In response to the salutation from the Indians, Penn makes a reply in 
 suitable terms: "The Great Spirit, who made me and you, who rules the 
 heavens and the earth, and who knows the innermost thoughts of men, knows 
 that I and my friends have a hearty desire to live in peace and friendship 
 with you, and to serve you to the uttermost of our power. It is not our custom 
 to use hostile weapons against our fellow-creatures, for which reason we have 
 come unarmed. Our object is not to do injury, and thus provoke the Great 
 Spirit, but to do good. We are met on the broad pathway of good faith and 
 good will, so that no advantage is to be taken on either side; but all to be open- 
 ness, brotherhood and love." Having unrolled his parchment, he explains to 
 them through an interpreter, article by article, the nature of the business, and 
 laying it upon the ground, observes that the ground shall be for the use of 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 55 
 
 both people. " I will not do as the Marylanders did, call you children, or 
 brothers only; for parents are apt to whip their children too severely, and 
 brothers sometimes will differ; neither will I compare the friendship between 
 ns to a chain, for the rain may rust it, or a tree may fall and break ii; but I 
 will consider you as the same flesh and blood with the Christians, and the same 
 as if one man's body were to be divided into two parts." Having ended hi& 
 business, the speaker for the King comes forward and makes great promises 
 "of kindness and good neighborhood, and that the Indians and English must 
 live in love as long as the sun gave light." This ended, another Indian makes 
 a speech to his own people, first to explain to them what had been agreed on, 
 and ihento exhort them "to love the Christians, and particularly live in peace' 
 with me and the people under my government, that many Governors had been 
 in the river, but that no Governor had come himself to live and stay here be- 
 fore, and having now such an one, that had treated them well, they should never 
 do him nor his any wrong." ^t every sentence they shouted, as much as to 
 say, amen. 
 
 The Indians had no system of writing by which they could record their 
 dealings, but their memory of events and agreements was almost miraculous. 
 Heckewelder records that in after years, they were accustomed, by means of 
 strings, or belts of wampum, to preserve the recollection of their pleasant in- 
 terviews with Penn, after he had departed for England. He says, " They fre- 
 quently assembled together in the woods, in some shady spot, as nearly as pos- 
 sible similar to those where they used to meet their brother Miquon (Penn), and 
 there lay all his words and speeches, with those of his descendants, on a 
 blanket, or clean piece of bark, and with great satisfaction go successively 
 over the whole. This practice, which I have repeatedly witnessed, continaed 
 until the year 1780, when disturbances which took place put an end to it, 
 probably forever." 
 
 The memory of this, the "Great Treaty," was long preserved by the na- 
 tives, and the novel spectacle was reproduced upon canvas by the genius of 
 Benjamin West. In this picture, Penn is represented as a corpulent old man, 
 whereas he was at this time but thirty-eight years of age, and in the very 
 height of manly activity. The Treaty Tree was preserved and guarded from 
 injury with an almost superstitious care. During the Revolution, when Phila- 
 delphia was occupied by the British, and their parties were scouring the coun- 
 try for firewood. Gen. Simcoe had a sentinel placed at this tree to protect it 
 from mutilation. It stood until 1810, when it was blown down, and it was 
 ascertained by its annual concentric accretions to be 283 years old, and was, 
 consequently, 155 at the time of making the treaty. The Penn Society erected 
 a substantial monument on the spot where it stood. 
 
 Penn drew up his deeds for lands in legal form, and had them duly exe- 
 cuted and made of record, that, in the dispute possible to arise in after times, 
 there might be proof definite and positive of the purchase. Of these purchases 
 there are two deeds on record executed in 1683. One is for land near Nesha- 
 miny Creek, and thence to Penypaek, and the other for lands lying between 
 Schuylkill and Chester Kivers, the first bearing the signature of the great 
 chieftain, Taminend. In one of these purchases it is provided that the tract 
 " shall extend back as far as a man could walk in three days. " Tradition 
 runs that Penn himself, with a number of his friends, walked out the half this 
 purchase with the Indians, that no advantage should be taken of them by mak- 
 ing a great walk, and to show his consideration for them, and that he was not 
 above the toils and fatigues of such a duty." They began to walk out this 
 land at the mouth of the Neshaminy, and walked up the Delaware; in one day 
 
56 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and a half they got to a spruce tree near the mouth of Baker's Creek, when 
 Penn, concluding that this would include as much land as he would want at 
 present, a line was run and marked from the spruce tree to Neshaminy, and 
 the remainder left to be walked when it should be wanted. They proceed- 
 ed after the Indian manner, walking leisurely, sitting down sometimes to 
 smoke their pipes, eat biscuit and cheese, and drink a bottle of wine. In the 
 day and a half they walked a little less than thirty miles. The balance of the 
 purchase was not walked until September 20, 17b3, when the then Governor of 
 Pennsylvania offered a prize of 500 acres of land and £5 for the man who 
 would walk the farthest. A distance of eighty-six miles was covered, in 
 marked contrast with the kind consideration of Penn. 
 
 During the first year, the country upon the Delaware, from the falls of 
 Trenton as far as Chester, a distance of nearly sixty miles, was rapidly taken up 
 and peopled. The large proportion of these were Quakers, and devotedly attached 
 to their religion and its proper observances. They were, hence, morally, of the 
 best classes, and though they were not generally of the aristocracy, yet many 
 of them were in comfortable circumstances, had valuable properties, were of 
 respectable families, educated, and had the resources within themselves to live 
 contented and happy. They were provident, industrioas, and had come hither 
 with no fickle purpose. Many brought servants with them, and well supplied 
 wardrobes, and all necessary articles which they wisely judged would be got 
 in a new country with diiSculty. 
 
 Their religious principles were so peaceful and generous, and the govern- 
 ment rested so lightly, that the fame of the colony and the desirableness of 
 settlement therein spread rapidly, and the numbers coming hither were unpar- 
 alleled in the history of colonization, especially when we consider that a broad 
 ocean was to be crossed and a voyage of several weeks was to be endured. In 
 a brief period, ships with passengers came from London, Bristol, Ireland, 
 Wales, Cheshire, Lancashire, Holland, Germany, to the number of about fifty. 
 Among others came a company of German Quakers, from Krisheim, near 
 Worms, in the Palatinate. These people regarded their lot as particularly 
 fortunate, in which they recognized the direct interposition and hand of Provi- 
 dence. For, not long afterward, the Palatinate was laid waste by the French 
 army, and many of their kindred whom they had left behind were despoiled of 
 their possessions and reduced to penury. There came also from Wales a com- 
 pany of the stock of ancient Britons. 
 
 So large an influx of population, coming in many cases without due pro- 
 vision for variety of diet, caused a scarcity in many kinds of food, especially 
 ot meats. Time was required to bring forward flocks and herds, more than 
 for producing grains. But Providence seemed to have graciously considered 
 their necessities, and have miraculously provided for them, as of old was pro 
 vision made for the chosen people. For it is recorded that the "w^ld picreons 
 came m such great numbers that the sky was sometimes darkened by their 
 flight, and, flying low, they were frequently knocked down as' they flew in 
 great quantities, by those who had no other means to take them, whereby the\- 
 supplied themselves, and, having salted those which they could not immedi- 
 ately use, they preserved them, both for bread and meat." The Indians were 
 kind, and often furnished them with game, for which they would receive no 
 compensation. 
 
 Their first care on landing was to bring their household goods to a place 
 of safety often to the simple protection of a tree. For some, this was their 
 only shelter, lumber being scarce, and in many places impossible to obtain. 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 57 
 
 Some made for themselves caves in the earth until better habitations could be 
 secured. 
 
 John Key, who was said to have been the first child born of English par- 
 ents in Philadelphia, and that in recognition of which William Penn gave 
 him a lot of ground, died at Kennet, in Chester County, on July 5, 1708, 
 in the eighty-fifth year of his age. He was born In one of these caves upon 
 the river bank, long afterward known by the name of Penny-pot, near Sassa- 
 fras street. About six years before his death, he walked from Kennet to the 
 city, about thirty miles, in one day. In the latter part of his life he went 
 under the name of l<'irst Born. 
 
 The contrasts between the comforts and conveniences of an old settled 
 country and this, where the heavy forests must be cleared away and severe la- 
 bors must be endured before the sun could be let in sufficiently to produce 
 anything, must have been very marked, and caused repining. But they had 
 generally come with meek and humble hearts, and they willingly endured 
 hardship and privation, and labored on earnestly for the spiritual comfort 
 which they enjoyed. Thomas Makin, in some Latin verses upon the early set- 
 tlement, says (we quote the metrical translation): 
 
 "Its fame to distant countries far has spread. 
 And some for peace, and some for profit led, 
 Born in remotest climes, to settle here 
 They leave their native soil and all that's dear, 
 And still will flock from far, here to be free. 
 Such powerful charms has lovely liberty." 
 
 But for their many privations and sufferings there were some compensat- 
 ing conditions. The soil was fertile, the air mostly clear and healthy, the 
 streams ot water were good and plentiful, wood for fire and building unlimit- 
 ed, and at certain seasons of the year game in the forest was abundant. Rich- 
 ard Tovrasend, a settler at Germantown, who came over in the ship with Penn, 
 in writing to his friends in England of his first year in America, says: "I, 
 with Joshua Tittery, made a net, and caught great quantities of fish, so that, 
 notwithstanding it was thought near three thousand persons came in the first 
 year, we were so providentially provided for that we could buy a deer for 
 about two shillings, and a large turkey for about one shilling, and Indian com 
 for about two shillings sixpence a bushel." 
 
 In the same letter, the writer mentions that a young deer came out of the 
 forest into the meadow where he was mowing, and looked at him, and when 
 he went toward it would retreat; and, as he resumed his mowing, would come 
 back to gaze upon him, and finally ran forcibly against a tree, which so 
 stunned it that he was able to overmaster it and bear it away to his home, and 
 as this was at a time when he was suffering for the lack of meat, he believed 
 it a direct interposition of Providence. 
 
 In the spring of 1683, there was great activity throughout the colony, and 
 especially in the new city, in selecting lands and erecting dwellings, the Sur- 
 veyor General, Thomas Holme, laying out and marking the streets. In the 
 center of the city was a public sqixare of ten acres, and in each of the four 
 quarters one of eight acres. A large mansion, which had been undertaken be- 
 fore his arrival, was built for Penn, at a point twenty-six miles up the river, 
 called Pennsbury Manor, where he sometimes resided, and where he often met 
 the Indian sachems. At this time, Penn divided the colony into counties, 
 three for the province (Bucks, Philadelphia and Chester) and three for the 
 Territories (New Castle, Kent and Sussex). Having appointed Sheriffs and 
 other proper officers, he issued writs for the election of members of a General 
 
58 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Assembly, three from each county for the Council or Upper House, and nine 
 from each county for the Assembly or Lower House.* 
 
 This Assembly convened and organized for business on the lOth of Jan- 
 nary, 1683, at Philadelphia. One of the first subjects considered was the 
 revising some provisions of the frame of government which was effected, re- 
 ducing the number of members of both Houses, the Conncil to 18 the As- 
 sembly to 36, and otherwise 'amending in unimportant particulars. In 
 an assembly thus convened, and where few, if any, had had any experience in 
 serving in a deliberative body, we may reasonably suppose that many crude 
 and impracticable propositions would be presented. As an example of these 
 the following may be cited as specimens: That young men should be obliged 
 to marry at, or before, a certain age; that two sorts of clothes only shall be 
 worn, one for winter and the other for summer. The session lasted twenty two 
 days. 
 
 The first grand jury in Pennsylvania was summoned for the 2d of Feb- 
 ruary, 1683, to inquire into the cases of some persons accused of issuing 
 counterfeit money. The Governor and Council sat as a court. One Picker- 
 ing was convicted, and the sentence was significant of the kind and patriarchal 
 nature of the government, "that he should make full satisfaction, in good 
 and current pay, to every person who should, within the space of one month, 
 bring in any of this false, base and counterfeit coin, and that the money 
 brought in should be melted down before it was returned to him, and that he 
 should pay a tine of forty pounds toward the building a court house, stand 
 committed till the same was paid, and afterward find security for his good 
 behavior." 
 
 The Assembly and courts having now adjourned, Penn gave his attention 
 to the grading and improving the streets of the new city, and the managing 
 the affairs of his land ofl&ce, suddenly grown to great importance. For every 
 section of land taken up in the wilderness, the purchaser was entitled to a 
 certain plot in the new city. The Biver Delaware at this time was nearly a 
 mile broad opposite the city, and navigable for ships of the largest tonnage. 
 The tide rises about six feet at this point, and flows back to the falls of 
 Trenton, a distance of thirty miles. The tide in the Schuylkill flows only 
 about five miles above its confluence with the Delaware. The river bank along 
 the Delaware was intended by Penn as a common or public resort. But in 
 his time the owners of lots above Front street pressed him to allow them to 
 construct warehouses upon it, opposite their properties, which importunity in- 
 duced him to make the following declaration concerning it; "The bank is a 
 top common, from end to end; the rest next the water belongs to front- lo^ 
 men no more than back- lot men. The way bounds them; they may build stairs, 
 and the top of the bank a common exchange, or wall, and against the street, 
 common wharfs may be built freely; but into the water, and the shore is no 
 purchaser's. " But in future time, this liberal desire of the founder was dis- 
 regarded, and the bank has been covered with immense warehouses. 
 
 * It may be a matter of curiosity to know the names of the members of this first regularly elected Legis- 
 lature in Pennsylvania, and they are accordingly appended as given in official records: 
 
 Council: William Markham, Christopher Taylor, Thomas Holme, Lacy Cock, William Haige, John Moll, 
 Ralph Withers, John Simcock, Edward Cantwell, William Clavton, William Biles, James Harrison, William 
 Clark, Francis Whitewell, John Richardson. John Hillyard. 
 
 Assembly: From Bucks, William Yardly, Samuel Darke, Robert Lucas, Nicholas Walne, John Wood, John 
 Clowes, Thomas Fitzwater, Robert Hall, James Boyden ; from Philadelphia, John I.onghurst, John Hart, Wal- 
 ter King, Andros Binkson, John Moon, Thomas Wynne (Speaker), (Jritflth Jones, William Warner, Swan Swan- 
 son, trom Chester, John Hoskins, Robert Wade, Ceorge Wood, John Blunston, Dennis Rochford, Thomas 
 Bracy, John Bezer, John Harding, Joseph Phipps ; from New Castle, John Cann, John Darby, Valentine Holl- 
 ingsworth, Gasparus Herman. John Dchoaef, James Williams, William Guest, Peter Alrich, Henrick Williams; 
 from Kent John Biggs, Simon Irons, Thomas HafTold John Curtis, Robert Bedwell, William Windsmore, John 
 Bnnkloe, Daniel Brown, Benony Bishop ; from Sussex, Luke Watson, Alexander Draper, William Futcher, 
 aenry Bowman, Alexander Moleston, John Hill, Robert Bracy, John Kipshaven, Cornelius Verhoof. 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 59 
 
 Seeing now his plans of government and settlement fairly in operation, as 
 autumn approached, Penn wrote a letter to the Free Society of Traders in 
 London, which had been formed to promote settlement in his colony, in which 
 he touched upon a great variety of topics regarding his enterprise, extending to 
 quite a complete treatise. The great interest attaching to the subjects dis- 
 cussed, and the ability with which it was drawn, makes it desirable to insert 
 the document entire; but its great length makes its use incompatible with the 
 plan of this work. A few extracts and a general plan of the letter is all that 
 can be given. He first notices the injurious reports put in circulation in En- 
 gland during his absence: " Some persons have had so little wit and so much 
 malice as to report my death, and, to mend the matter, dead a Jesuit, too. 
 One might have reasonably hoped that- this distance, like death, would have 
 been a protection against spite and envy. * * * However, to the great sorrow 
 and shame of the inventors, I am still alive and no Jesuit, and, I thank God, 
 very well." Of the air and waters hw says: " The air is sweet and clear, the 
 heavens serene, like the south parts of France, rarely overcast. The waters 
 are generally good, for the rivers and brooks have mostly gravel and stony bot- 
 toms, and in number hardly credible. We also have mineral waters that 
 operate in the same manner with Barnet and North Hall, not two miles from 
 Philadelphia." He then treats at length of the four seasons, of trees, fruits, 
 grapes, peaches, grains, garden produce: of animals, beasts, birds, fish, whale fish 
 ery, horses and cattle, medicinal plants, flowers of the woods; of the Indians 
 and their persons. Of their language he says: "It is lofty, yet narrow; but, 
 like the Hebrew, in signification, full, imperfect in their tenses, wanting in their 
 moods, participles, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections. I have made it my busi- 
 ness to understand it, and I must say that I know not a language spoken in Europe 
 that hath words of more sweetness or greatness in accent and emphasis than 
 theirs." Of their customs and their children: " The children will go very young, 
 at nine months, commonly; if boys, they go a fishing, till ripe for the woods, which 
 is about fifteen; then they hunt, and, after having given some proofs of their 
 manhood by a good return of skins, they may marry, else it is a shame to think 
 of a wife. The girls stay with their mother and help to hoe the ground, plant 
 corn and cany burdens. When the young women are fit for marriage, they 
 wear something upon their heads as an advertisment; but so, as their faces hardly 
 to be seen, but when they please. The age they marry at, if women, is about 
 thirteen and fourteen; if men, seventeen and eighteen; they are rarely elder." 
 In a romantic vein he speaks of their houses, diet, hospitality, revengefulness 
 and concealment of resentment, great liberality, free manner of life and 
 customs, late love of strong liquor, behavior in sickness and death, their re- 
 ligion, their feastings, their government, their mode of doing business, their 
 manner of administering j ustice, of agreement for settling di£Sculties entered into 
 with the pen, their susceptibility to improvement, of the origin of the Indian race 
 their resemblance to the Jews. Of the Dutch and Swedes whom he found set- 
 tled here when he came, he says: " The Dutch applied themselves to traffick, 
 the Swedes and Finns to husbandry. The Dutch mostly inhabit those parts 
 that lie upon the bay, and the Swedes the freshes of the Delaware. They are 
 a plain, strong, industrious people; yet have made no great progress in culture 
 or propagation of fruit trees. They are a people proper, and strong of body, 
 so they have fine children, and almost every house full; rare to find one of them 
 without three or four boys and as many girls — some, six, seven and eight sons, 
 and I must do them that right, I see few young men more sober and laborious." 
 After speaking at length of the organization of the colony and its manner of 
 government, he concludes with his own opinion of the country: "I say little 
 
60 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of the town itself; but this I will say, for the good providence of God, that 
 of all the many places I have seea in the world, I remember not one better 
 seated, so that it seems to me to have been appointed for a town, whether we 
 regard the rivers or the convcniency of the coves, docks, springs, the loftiness 
 and soundness of the land and the air, held by the people of these parts to be 
 very good. It is advanced within less than a year to about fourscore bouses 
 and cottages, where merchants and handicrafts are following their vocations 
 as fast as they can, while the countrymen are close at their farms. * * * j 
 bless God I am fully satisfied with the country and entertainment I got in it; 
 for I find that particular content, which hath always attended me, where God in 
 His providence hath made it my place and service to reside." 
 
 As we have seen, the visit of Penn to Lord Baltimore soon after his ari'ival 
 in America, for the purpose of settlingthe boundaries of the two provinces, after 
 a two days' conference, proved fruitless, and an adjournment was had for the 
 winter, when the efforts for settlement were to be resumed. Early in the 
 spring, an attempt was made on the part of Peun, but was prevented till May, 
 when a meeting was held at New Castle. Penn proposed to confer by the aid 
 of counselors and in writing. But to this Baltimore objected, and, complain- 
 ing of the sultryness of the weather, the conference was broken up. In the 
 meantime, it had come to the knowledge of Penn that Lord Baltimore had 
 issued a proclamation offering settlers more land, and at cheaper rates than 
 Penn had done, in portions of the lower counties which Penn had secured 
 from the Duke of York, but which Baltimore now claimed. Besides, it was 
 ascertained that an agent of his had taken an observation, and determined the 
 latitude without the knowledge of Penn, and had secretly made an ex parte 
 statement of the case before the Lords of the Committee of Plantations in En- 
 gland, and was pressing for arbitrament. This state of the case created much 
 uneasiness in the mind of Penn, especially as the proclamation of Lord Balti- 
 more was likely to bring the two governments into conflict on territory mutu- 
 ally claimed. But Lord Baltimore was not disposed to be content with diplo- 
 macy. He determined to pursue an aggressive policy. He accordingly com- 
 missioned his agent, Col. George Talbot, under date of September 17, 1683, 
 to go to Schuylkill, at Delaware, and demand of William Penn " all that part 
 of the land on the west side of the said river that Iveth to the southward of 
 the fortieth degree." This bold demand would have embraced the entire colony 
 both the lower counties, and the three counties in the province, as the fortieth 
 degree reaches a considerable distance above Philadelphia. Penn was absent 
 at the time in New York, and Talbot made his demand upon Nicholas Moore 
 the deputy of Penn. Upon his return, the proprietor made a dignified but 
 earnest rejoinder. While he felt that the demand could not be justly sus- 
 tamed, yet the fact that a controversy for the settlement of the boundary was 
 hkely to arise, gave him disquietude, and though he was gratified with the 
 success of his plans for acquiring lands of the Indians and establishing friendly 
 relations with them, the laying-oat of his new city and settling it, the adop- 
 Jr." "iiM i^ government and putting it in successful operation, and, more 
 than all, the drawing thither the large number of settlers, chiefly of his own 
 religious faith, and seeing them contented and happy in the new State he 
 
 Sdl'lHT'T *^' w '^f ^l^ '''' ^"'^'^ ^« *^^^<^ t° '^- "toost to defend 
 and hold his claim before tlie English court. If the demand of Lord Balti- 
 
 ru^bT^ixs^kp' ^Mt^ir ''^' ^°^^^ '' '-'' - '^^^ -«- -^-^ 
 
 The anxiety of Penn to hold from the beginning of the 40^ of latitude was 
 not to increase thereby his territoi^. by so much, for two degrees v/hich he 
 
IIISTOKV OP PENNSYLVANIA. Gl 
 
 securely had, so far as amount of land was concerned, would have entirely 
 satirilied him; but he wanted this degree chiefly that he might have the free 
 navigation of Delaware Bay and River, and thus open communication with the 
 ocean. He desired also to hold the lower counties, which were now well 
 settled, as well as his own counties rapidly being peopled, and his new city of 
 Philadelphia, which he regarded as the apple of his eye. So anxious was he 
 to hold the land on the right bank of the Delaware to the open ocean, that at 
 his second meeting, he asked Lord Baltimore to set a price per square mile on 
 this disputed ground, and though he had purchased it once of the crown and 
 held the King's charter for it, and the Duke of York's deed, yet rather than 
 have any further wrangle over it, he was willing to pay for it again. But this 
 Lord Baltimore refused to do. 
 
 Bent upon bringing matters to a crisis, and to force possession of his 
 claim, early in the year 1(584 a party from Maryland made forcible entry 
 upon the plantations in the lower counties and drove off the owners. The 
 Governor and Council at Philadelphia sent thither a copy of the answer of 
 Penn to Baltimore's demand for the land south of the Delaware, with orders 
 to William Welch, Sheriff at New Castle, to use his influence to reinstate the 
 lawful owners, and issued a declaration succinctly stating the claim of Penn, 
 for the purpose of preventing such unlawful incursions in future. 
 
 The season opened favorably for the continued prosperity of the young 
 colony. Agriculture was being prosecuted as never before. Goodly flocks 
 and herds gladdened the eyes of the settlers. An intelligent, moral and in- 
 dustrious yeomanry was springing into existence. Emigrants were pouring 
 into the Delaware from many lands. The Government was becoming settled 
 in its operations and popular with the people. The proprietor had leisure to 
 attend to the interests of his religious society, not only in his own dominions, 
 but in the Jerseys and in New York. 
 
 OHAPTEE VJI. 
 
 Thomas Lloyd, 1884-86— Five Commissioners, 1686-88— John Blackwell, 1688 
 -90— Thomas Lloyd, 1690-91— William Markham, 1691-93— Benjamin 
 Fletcher, 1693-95— William Markham, 1693-99. 
 
 BUT the indications, constantly thickening, that a struggle was likely soon 
 to be precipitated before the crown for possession of the disputed terri- 
 tory, decided Penn early in the summer to quit the colony and return to En- 
 gland to defend his imperiled interests. There is no doubt that he took this 
 step with unfeigned regret, as he was contented and happy in his new country, 
 and was most usefully employed. There were, however, other inducements 
 which were leading him back to England. The hand of persecution was at 
 this time laid heavily upon the Quakers. Over 1,400 of these pious and in- 
 offensive people were now, and some of them had been for years, languishing 
 in the prisons of England, for no other offense than their manner of worship. 
 By Ids friendship with James, and his acquaintance with the King, he might 
 do scnoething io soften the lot of these unfortunate victims of bigotry. 
 
 Ill accordingly empowered the Provincial Council, of which Thomas 
 Lloyd was President, to act in his stead, commissioned Nicholas Moore, Will- 
 iam Welch, William Wood, Robert Turner and John Eckley, Provincial 
 
62 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Judges for two years; appointed Thomas Lloyd, James Claypole and Robert 
 Turner to sign land patents and warrants, and William Clark as Justice of 
 the Peace for all the counties; and on the 6th of June, 1684, sailed for Europe. 
 His feelings on leaving his colony are exnibited by a farewell address which 
 he issued from on board the vessel to his people, of which the following are 
 brief extracts: "My love and my life is to you, and with you, and no water 
 can quench it, nor distance wear it out, nor bring it to an end. I have been 
 with you, cared over you and served over you with unfeigned love, and you 
 are beloved of me, and near to me, beyond utterance. I bless you in the 
 name and power of the Lord, and may God bless you with His righteousness, 
 peace and plenty all the land over. * * * Oh! now are you come to a 
 quiet land; provoke not the Lord to trouble it. And now liberty and author- 
 ity are with you, and in your hands. Let the government be upon His 
 shoulders, in all your spirits, that you may rule for Him, under whom the 
 princes of this world will, one day, esteem their honor to govern and serve in 
 their places * * * And thou, Philadelphia, the virgin settlement of 
 this province, named before thou wert born, what love, what care, what serv- 
 ice and what travail has there been, to bring thee forth, and preserve thee from 
 such as would abuse and defile thee! * * * go, dear friends, my love 
 again salutes you all, wishing that grace, mercy and peace, with all temporal 
 blessings, may abound richly amoug you — so says, so prays, your friend and 
 lover in the truth. William Penn." 
 
 On the 6th of December of this same year, 1684, Charles II died, and was 
 succeeded by his brother James, Duke of York, under the title of James IL 
 James was a professed Catholic, and the people were greatly excited all over 
 the kingdom lest the reign of Bloody Mary should be repeated, and that the 
 Catholic should become the established religion. He had less ability than 
 his brother, the deceased King, but great discipline and industry. Penn en- 
 joyed the friendship and intimacy of the new King, and he determined to use 
 his advantage for the relief of his suffering countrymen, not only of his sect, 
 the Quakers, but of all, and especially for the furtherance of universal liberty. 
 But there is no doubt that he at this time meditated a speedy return to his 
 province, for he writes: "Keep up the peoples' hearts and loves; I hope to be 
 with them next fall, if the Lord prevent not. I long to be with you. Nc 
 temptations prevail to fix me here. The Lord send us a good meeting." By 
 authority of Penn, dated 18th of January, 1685, William Markham, Penn's 
 cousin, was commissioned Secretary of the province, and the proprietor's Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 That he might be fixed near to court for the furtherance of his private as 
 well as public business, he secured lodgings for himself and family, in 1685, at 
 Kensington, near London, and cultivated a daily intimacy with the King, who, 
 no doubt, found in the strong native sense of his Quaker friend, a valued ad- 
 viser upon many questions of difficulty. His first and chief care was the set- 
 tlement of his disagreement with Lord Baltimore touching the boundaries of 
 their provinces. This was settled in November, 1685, by a compromise, by 
 which the land lying between the Delaware and Chesepeake Ba.ys was divided 
 into tWo equal parts— that upon the Delaware was adjudged to iPenn, and that 
 upon the Chesapeake to Lord Baltimore. This settled the matter in theory; 
 but when the attempt was made to run the lines according to the language of 
 the Royal Act, it was found that the royal secretaries did not understand the 
 geography of the country, and that the line which their language described was 
 ?7o'?'P°mu^^® "''®- C!onsequently the boundary remained undetermined tin 
 1 16^. ihe account of its location will be given in its proper place. 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 63 
 
 Having secured this important decision to his satisfaction, Penn applied 
 Mmself with renewed zeal, rot only to secure the release of his people, who 
 were languishing in prisons, but to procure for all Englishmen, everywhere, 
 enlarged liberty and freedom of conscience. His relations with the King fa- 
 vored his designs. The King had said to Penn before he ascended the throne 
 that he was opposed to persecution for religion. On the first day of his reign, 
 he made an address, in which he proclaimed himself opposed to all arbitrary 
 principles in government, 'and promised prot^iotion to the Church of England. 
 Early in the year 1686, in consequence of the King's proclamation for a gen- 
 eral pardon, over thirteen hundred Quakers were set at liberty, and in April, 
 1687, the King issued a declaration for entire liberty of conscience, and sus- 
 pending the penal laws in matters ecclesiastical. This was a great step in ad- 
 vance, and one that must ever throw a luster over the brief reign of this un- 
 fortunate monarch. Penn, though holding no official position, doubtless did 
 as much toward securing the issue of this liberal measure as any Englishman. 
 
 Upon the issue of these edicts, the Quakers, at their next annual meeting, 
 presented an address of acknowledgment to the Ring, which opened in these 
 words: "We cannot but bless and praise the name of Almighty God, who 
 bath the hearts of princes in His hands, that He hath inclined the King to hear 
 the cries of his suffering subjects for conscience' sake, and we rejoice that he 
 Tiath given us so eminent an occasion to present him our thanks." This ad- 
 dress was presented by Penn in a few well -chosen words, and the King re- 
 pUtd in the following, though brief,- yet most expressive, language: " Gentle- 
 men — I thank you heartily for your address. Some of you know (I am sure 
 you do Mr. Penn), that it was always my principle, that conscience ought not 
 to be forced, and that all men ought to have the liberty of their consciences. 
 And what I have promised in my declaration, I will continue to perform so 
 long as I live. And I hope, before I die, to settle it so that after ages shall 
 have no reason to alter it." 
 
 It would have been supposed that such noble sentiments as these froro a 
 sovereign would have been bailed with delight by the English people. But 
 they were not. The aristocracy of Britain at this time did not want liberty of 
 conscience. They wanted comformity to the established church, and bitter 
 persecution against all others, as in the reign of Charles, whi,'h filled the 
 prisons with Quakers. The warm congratulations to James, and fervent prayers 
 for his welfare, were regarded by them with an evil eye. Bitter reproaches 
 were heaped upon Penn, who was looked upon as the power behind the throne 
 that was moving the King to the enforcing of these principles. He was ac- 
 cused of having been educated at St. Omer's, a Catholic college, a place which 
 he never saw in his life, of having taken orders as a priest in the Catholic 
 Church, of having obtained dispensation to marry, and of being not only a 
 Catholic, but a Jesuit in disguise, all of which were pure fabrications. But in 
 the excited state of the public mind they were believed, and caused him to be 
 regarded with bitter hatred. The King, too, fell rapidly into disfavor, and so 
 completely had the minds of his people become alienated from him, that upon 
 the coming of the Prince of Orange and his wife Mary, in 1688, James was 
 obliged to flee to France for safety, and they were received as the rulers of 
 Britain. 
 
 But while the interests of the colony were thus prospering at court, they 
 were not so cloudless in the new country. There was needed the strong hand 
 of Penn to check abuses and guide the course of legislation in proper chan- 
 nels. He had labored to place the government entirely in tlie hands of the 
 people — an idea, in the abstract, most attractive, and one which, were the entire 
 
 4 
 
64 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 population wise and just, would result fortunately: yet, in practice, he found 
 to his sorrow the results most vexatious. The proprietor had not long been 
 gone before troubles arose between the two Houses of the Legislature relative 
 to promulgating the laws as not being in accordance with the requirements of 
 the charter- Nicholas Moore, the Chief Justice, was impeached for irregular- 
 ities in imposing fines and in other ways abusing his high trust. But though 
 formally arraigned and directed to desist from exercising his functions, he suc- 
 cessfully resisted the proceedings, and a final judgment was never obtained. 
 Patrick Robinson, Clerk of the court, for refusing to produce the records in the^ 
 trial of Moore, was voted a public enemy. These troubles in the government 
 were the occasion of much grief to Penn, who wrote, naming a number of the 
 most influential men in the colony, and beseeching them to unite in an endeavor 
 to check further irregularities, declaring that they disgraced the province, 
 " that their conduct had struck back hundreds, and was £10, 000 out of his 
 way, and £100, 000 out of the country. " 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1686, seeing that the whole Council was too 
 unwieldy a body to exercise executive power, Penn determined to contract the 
 number, and accordingly appointed Thomas Lloyd, Nicholas Moore, James 
 Claypole, Eobert Turner and John Eckley, any three of whom should consti- 
 tute a quorum, to be Commissioners of State to act for the proprietor. In 
 place of Moore and Claypole, Arthur Cook and John Simcock were appointed. 
 They were to compel the attendance of the Council; see that the two Houses 
 admit of no parley; to abrogate pll laws except the fundamentals; to dismiss 
 the Assembly and call a new one, and finally he solemnly admonishes them, 
 "Be most just, as in the sight of the all-seeing, all-searching God." In a 
 letter to these Commissiouers, he says: " Three things occur to me eminently: 
 First, that you be watchful that none abuse the King, etc. ; secondly, that you 
 get the custom act revived as being the equalest and least offensive way to 
 support the government; thirdly, that you retrieve the dignity of courts and 
 sessions." 
 
 In a letter to James Harrison, his confidential agent at Pennsbury Manor, 
 he unbosoms himself more freely respecting his employment in London than 
 in any of his State papers or more public communications, and from it can be 
 seen how important were his labors with the head of the English nation. " I 
 am engaged in the public business of the nation and Friends, and those in au- 
 thority would have me see the establishment of the liberty, that I was a small 
 instrument to begin in the land. The Lord has given me great entrance aud 
 interest with the King, though not so much as is said; and I confess I should 
 rejoice to see poor old England fixed, the penal laws repealed, that are now 
 suspended, and if it goes well with England, it cannot go ill with Pennsyl- 
 vania, as unkindly used as I am; and no poor slave in Turkey desires more 
 earnestly, I believe, for deliverance, than I do to be with you." In the sum- 
 mer of 1687, Penn was in company with the King in a progress throucrh the 
 TOunties of Berkshire, Glocestershiro, Worcestershire, Shropshire, Cheshire, 
 btaffordshire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire and Hampshire, during which he 
 held several religious meetings with his people, in some of which the King ap- 
 pears to have been present, particularly in Chester. 
 
 Since the departure of Penn, Thomas Lloyd had acted as President of 
 ^e Council, and later of the Commissioners of State. He had been in effect 
 Governor, and held responsible for the success of the government, while pos- 
 sessing only one voice in the disposing of affairs. Tiring of this anomalous 
 position Lloyd applied to be relieved. It was difficult to find a person of 
 sufficient ability to fill the place: but Penn decided to relieve him, though 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 65 
 
 showing his entire confidence by notifying him that he intended soon to ap- 
 point him absolute Governor. In his place, he indicated Samuel Carpenter, 
 or if he was unwilling to serve, then Thomas Ellis, but not to be President, his 
 will being that each should preside a month in turn, or that the oldest mem- 
 ber should be chosen. 
 
 Penn foresaw that the executive power, to be efficient, must be lodged in 
 the hands of one man of ability, such as to command the respect of his people. 
 Those whom he most trusted in the colony had been so mixed up in the wran- 
 gles of the executive and legislative departments of the government that he 
 deemed it advisable to appoint a person who had not before been in the col- 
 ony and not a Quaker. He accordingly commissioned John Blackwell, July 
 27, 1688, to be Lieutenant Governor, who was at this time in New England, 
 and who had the esteem and confidence of Penn. With the comraission, the 
 proprietor sent full instructions, chiefly by way of caution, the last one being: 
 " Rule the meek meekly; and those that will not be ruled, rule with authority." 
 Though Lloyd had been relieved of power, he still remained in the Council, 
 probably because neither of the persens designated were willing to serve. 
 Having seen the evils of a many-headed executive, he had recommended the 
 appointment of one person to exercise executive authority. It was in con 
 formity with this advice that Blackwell was appointed. He met the Assembly 
 in March, 1689; but either his conceptions of business were arbitrary and im- 
 perious, or the Assembly had become accustomed to great latitude and lax 
 discipline; for the business had not proceeded far before the several branches 
 of the government were at variance. Lloyd refused to give up the great seal, 
 alleging that it had been given him for life. The Governor, arbitra- 
 rily and without warrant of law, imprisoned officers of high rank, denied the 
 validity of all laws passed by the Assembly previous to his administration,- and 
 set on foot a project for organizing and equipping the militia, under the plea 
 of threatened hostility of France. The Assembly attempted to arrest his 
 proceedings, but he shrewdly evaded their intents by organizing a party 
 among the members, who persistently absented themselves. His reign 
 was short, for in January, 1690, he left the colony and sailed away for En- 
 gland, whereupon the government again devolved upon the Council, Thomas 
 Lloyd, President. Penn had a high estimation of the talents and integrity 
 of Blackwell, and adds, " He is in England and Ireland of great repute for 
 ability, integrity and virtue. " 
 
 Three forms of administering the executive department of the government 
 had now been tried, by a Council consisting of eighteen members, a commission of 
 five members, and a Lieutenant Governor. Desirous of leaving the government 
 as far as possible in the hands of the people who were the sources of all 
 power, Penn left it to the Council to decide which form should be adopted. 
 The majority decided for a Deputy Governor. This was opposed by the mem- 
 bers from the provinces, who preferred a Council, and who, finding themselves 
 outvoted, decided to withdraw, and determined for themselves to govern the 
 lower counties until Penn should come. This obstinacy and falling out be- 
 tween the councilors from the lower counties and those from the province 
 was the beginning of a controversy which eventuated in a separation, and 
 finally in the formation of Delaware as a separate commonwealth. A deputa- 
 tion from the Council was sent to New Castle to induce the seceding members 
 to return, but without success. They had never regarded with favor the re- 
 moval of the sittings of the Council from New Castle, the first seat of gov- 
 ernment, to Philadelphia, and they were now determined to set up a govern- 
 ment for themselves. 
 
66 HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In 1689, the Friends Public School in Philadelphia was first incorporated, 
 confirmed by a patent from Penn in 1701, and another in 1708, and finally, 
 with greatly enlarged powers, from Penn personally, November 29, 1711. The 
 preamble to the charter recites that as "the prosperity and welfare oE any 
 people depend, in great measure, upon the good education of youth, and their 
 early introduction in the principles of true religion and virtue, and qualifying 
 them to serve their country and themselves, by breeding them in reading, 
 writing, and learning of languages and useful arts and sciences suitable to 
 their sex, age and degree, which cannot be efiected in any manner so well as 
 by erecting public schools," etc. George Keith was employed as the first mas- 
 ter of this school. He was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, a man of learning, 
 and had emigrated to East Jersey some years previous, where he was Surveyor 
 General, and had surveyed and marked the line between East and West New 
 Jersey. He only remained at the head of the school one year, when he was 
 succeeded by his usher, Thomas Makin. This was a school of considerable 
 merit and pretension, where the higher mathematics and the ancient lan- 
 guages were taught, and was the first of this high grade. A school of a pri- 
 mary grade had been established as early as 1683, in Philadelphia, when 
 Enoch Flower taught on the following terms: "To learn to read English, 
 four shillings by the quarter; to write, six shillings by ditto; to read, write and 
 cast accounts, eight shillings by the quarter; boarding a scholar, that is to 
 say, diet, lodging, washing and schooling, £10 for one whole year,*' from which 
 it will be seen that although learning might be highly prized, its cost in 
 hard cash was not exorbitant. 
 
 Penn's favor at court during the reign of James II caused him to be sus- 
 pected of disloyalty to the government when William and Mary had come to 
 the throne. Accordingly on the 10th of December, 1688, while walking in 
 White Hal), he was summoneS before the Lords of the Council, and though 
 nothing was found against him, was compelled to give security for his appear- 
 ance at the next term, to answer any charge that might be made. At the sec- 
 ond sitting of the Council nothing having been found against him, he was 
 cleared in open court. In 1690, he was again brought before the Lords on 
 the charge of having been in correspondence with the late King. He ap- 
 pealed to King William, who, after a hearing of two hours, was disposed to 
 release him, but the Lords decided to hold him until the Trinity term, when 
 he was again discharged. A third time he was arraigned, and this time with 
 eighteen others, charged with adhering to the kingdom's enemies, but was 
 cleared by order of the King's Bench. Being now at liberty, and these vexa- 
 tious suits apparently at an end, he set about leading a large party of settlers 
 to his cherished Pennsylvania. Proposals were published, and the Govern- 
 ment, regarding the enterprise of so much importance, had ordered an armed 
 convoy, when he was again met by another accusation, and now, backed by 
 the false oath of one William Fuller, whom the Parliament subsequently de- 
 clared a ' • cheat and an iraposter. " Seeing that he must prepare again for his 
 defense, he abandoned his voyage to America, after having made expensive 
 preparations, and convinced that his enemies were determined to prevent his 
 attention to public or private affairs, whether in England or America, he with- 
 drew himself during the ensuing two or three years from the pubfic eye. 
 
 iiut though not participating in business, which was calling loudly for his 
 attention, his mmd was busy, and several important treatises upon religious 
 l^^^^^^l^^ii^^ir'l'^WodncBd that had great influence upon the tu^ of 
 public affairs, which would never have been written but for this forced retire- 
 ment. In his address to the yearly meeting of Friends in London, he says: 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 67 
 
 " My enemies are yours. My privacy is not because men have sworn truly, 
 but falsely against me." 
 
 His porsonal grievances in England were the least which he suffered. For 
 lack of guiding influence, bitter dissensions had sprung up in his colony, 
 which threatened the loss of all. Desiring to secure peace, he had commis- 
 sioned Thomas Lloyd Deputy Governor of the province, and William Mark- 
 ham Deputy Governor of the lower counties. Penn's grief on account of this 
 division is disclosed in a letter to a friend in the province: "I left it to them, 
 to choose either the government of the Council, five Commissioners- or a deputy. 
 What could be tenderer? Now I perceive Thomas Lloyd is chosen by the 
 three upper, but not the three lower counties, and sits down with this broken 
 choice. This has grieved and wounded me and mine, I fear to the hazard of 
 gjjj « * « {qj. gjgg yjg Governor of New York is like to have all, if he 
 has it not already." 
 
 But the troubles of Penn in America were not confined to civil affairs'. 
 His religious society was torn with dissension. George Keith, a man of con- 
 siderable power in argumentation, but of overweaning self -conceit, attacked the 
 Friends for the laxity of their discipline, and drew off some followers'. So 
 venomous did he become that on the 20th of April, 1692, a testimony of de- 
 nial was drawn up against him at a meeting of ministers, wherein he and his 
 conduct were publicly disowned. This was confirmed at the next yearly meet- 
 ing. He drew off large numbers and set up an independent society, who 
 termed themselves Christian Quakers. Keith appealed from this actiun of the 
 American Church to the yearly meeting in London, but was so intemperate in 
 speech that the action of the American Church was confirmed. Whereupon 
 he became the bitter enemy of the Quakers, and, uniting with the Church of 
 England, was ordained a Vicar by the Bishop of London. He afterward re- 
 turned to America where he wrote against his former associates, but was final- 
 ly fixed in a benefice in Sussex, England. On his death bed, he said, " I wish 
 I had died when I was a Quaker, for then I am sure it would have been well 
 with my soul. " 
 
 But Keith had not been satisfied with attacking the principles and prac- 
 tices of his church. He mercilessly lampooned the Lieutenant Governor, say- 
 ing that ''He was not fit to be ^ Governor, and his name would stink," and of 
 the Council, that " He hoped to God he should shortly see their power taken 
 from them." On another occasion, he said of Thomas Lloyd, who was reputed 
 a mild-tempered man, and had befriended Keith, that he was " an impu- 
 dent man and a pitiful Governor," and asked him "why he did pot send him 
 to jail," saying that " his back (Keith's) had long iiched for a whipping, and 
 that he would print and expose them all over America, if not over Europe. " 
 So abusive had he finally become that the Council was obliged to take notice 
 of his conduct and to warn him to desist. 
 
 Penn, as has been shown, was silenced and thrown into retirement in En- 
 gland. It can be readily seen what an excellent opportunity these troubles 
 in America, the separation in the government, and the schism in the chiwch, 
 gave his enemies to attack him. They represented that "he had neglected his 
 colony by remaining in England and meddling with matters in which he had 
 no business; that the colony in consequence had fallen into great disorder, 
 and that he should be deprived of his proprietary rights. These complaints 
 had so much weight with William and Mary, that, on the 21st of October, 1692, 
 they commissioned Benjamin Fletcher, Governor of New York, to take the 
 province and territories under his government. There was another motive 
 operating at this time, more potent than those mentioned above, to induce the 
 
(38 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVAiNIA. 
 
 King and Queen to put the government of Pennsylvania undw the Governor 
 of New York. The French and Indians from the north were threatening the 
 English. Already the expense for defense had become burdensome to New 
 York. It was believed that to ask aid for the common defense from Penn, 
 with his peace principles, would be fruitless, but that through the influence of 
 Gov. Fletcher, as executive, an appropriation might be secured. 
 
 Upgn receiving his commission, Gov. Fletcher sent a note, dated April 19, 
 1693, to Deputy Gov. Lloyd, informing him of the grant of the royal commis- 
 sion and of his intention to visit the colony and assume authority on the 29th 
 inst He accordingly came with great pomp and splendor, attended by a 
 numerous retinue, and soon after his arrival, submissipn to him having been 
 accorded without question, summoned the Assembly. Some differences having 
 arisen between thn Governor and the Assembly about the manner of calling and 
 electing the Eepresentatives, certain members united in an address to the Gov- 
 ernor, claiming that the constitution and laws were still in full force and 
 must be administered until altered or repealed; thac Pennsylvania had just as 
 good a right to be governed according to the usages of Pennsylvania as New 
 York had to be governed according to the usages of that province. The Leg- 
 islature being finally organized, Gov. Fletcher presented a letter from the 
 Queen, setting forth that the expense for the preservation and defense of Albany 
 against the i'rench was intolerable to the inhabitants there, and tliat as this 
 was a frontier to other colonies, it was thought but just that they should help 
 bear the burden. The Legislature, in firm but respectful terms, maintained 
 that the constitution and laws enacted under them were in full force, and 
 when he, having flatly denied this, attempted to intimidate them by the threat 
 of annexing Pennsylvania to New York, they mildly but firmly requested that 
 if the Governor had objections to the bill which they had passed and would 
 communicate them, they would try to remove them. The business was now 
 amicably adjusted, and he in compliance with their wish dissolved the Assembly, 
 and after appointing William Markham Lieutenant Governor, departed to his 
 government in New York, doubtless well satisfied that a Quaker, though usu- 
 ally mild mannered, is not easily frightened or coerced. 
 
 Gov. Fletcher met the Assembly again in March, 1694, and during this 
 session, having apparently failed in his previous endeavors to induce the Assem- 
 bly to vote money for the common defense, sent a communication setting forth 
 the dangers to be apprehended from the French and Indians, and concluding in 
 these words : "That he considered their principles ; that they could not carry arms 
 nor levy money to make war, though for their own defense, yet he hoped that 
 they would not refuse to feed the hun^jry and clothe the naked; that was to 
 supply the Indian nations with such necessaries as may influence their contin- 
 ued friendship to their provinces." But notwithstanding the adroit sugar- 
 coating of the pill, it was not acceptable and no money was voted. This and a 
 brief session in September closed the Governorship of Pennsylvania by 
 Fletcher. It would appear from a letter written by Penn, after hearing of 
 the neglect of the Legislature to vote money for the purpose indicated, that 
 ho took an entirely diiferent view of the subject from that which was antici- 
 pated; for he blamed the colony for refusing to send money to New York for 
 what he calls the common defense. 
 
 Through the kind offices of Lords Rochester, Ranelagh, Sidney and Somers, 
 the Duke of Buckingham and Sir John Trenchard, the king was asked to 
 hsar the case of William Penn, against whom no charge was proven, and who 
 would two years before have gone to his colony had he not supposed that he 
 would have been thought to go in defiance of the government. King William 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSV'LVANIA. 69 
 
 answered that William Perm was his old acquaintance as well as theirs, that 
 he migHt follow his business as freely as ever, and that he had nothing to say- 
 to him. Penn was accordingly reinstated in his government by letters patent 
 ■dated on the 20th of August, 1694, whereupon he commissioned William Mark- 
 ham Lieutenant Governor. 
 
 When Markham called the Assembly, he disregarded the provisions of the 
 charter, assuming that the removal of Penn had annulled the grant. The 
 Assembly made no objection to this action, as there were provisions in the old 
 ■charter that they desired to have changed. Accordingly, when the appropria- 
 tion bill was considered, a new constitution was attached to it and passed. 
 This was approved by Markham and became the organic law, the third consti- 
 tution adopted under the charter of King Charles. By the provisions of this 
 instrument, the Council was composed of twelve members, and the Assembly 
 of twenty-four. During the war between France and England, the ocean 
 swarmed with the privateers of the former. When peace was declared, many of 
 these crafts, which had richly profited by privateering, were disposed to con- 
 tinue their irregular practices, which was now piracy. Judging that the peace 
 principles of the Quakers would shield them from forcible seizure, they were 
 accustomed to run into the Delaware for safe harbor. Complaints coming 
 of the depredations of these parties, a proclamation was issued calling oa 
 magistrates and citizens to unite in' breaking up practices so damaging to the 
 good name of the colony. It was charged in England that evil-disposed per- 
 sons in the province were privy to these practices, if not parties to it, and that 
 the failure of the Government to break it up was a proof of its inefficiency, 
 and of a radical defect of the principles on which it was based. Penn was 
 much exercised by these charges, and in his letters to the Lieutenant Governor 
 and to his friends in the Assembly, urged ceaseless vigilance to effect reform. 
 
 OHAPTEE YHI. 
 
 William Penn, 1699-1701— Andrew Hamilton, 1701-3— Edward Shippen 
 1703-4— John Evans, 1704-9— Charles Gookin, 1709-17. 
 
 BEING free from harassing persecutions, and in favor at court, Penn de- 
 termined to remove with his family to Pennsylvania, and now with the ex- 
 pectation of living and dying here. Accordingly, in July, 1699, he set sail, 
 and, on acdount of adverse winds, was three months tossed about upon the 
 ocean. Just before his arrival in his colony, the yellow fever raged there with 
 great virulence, having been brought thither from the West Indies, but had 
 been checked by the biting frosts of autumn, and had now disappeared. An 
 observant traveler, who witnessed the effects of this scourge, writes thus of it 
 in his journal: "Great was the majesty and band of the Lord. Great was 
 the fear that fell upon all flesh. I saw no lofty nor airy countenance, nor 
 heard any vain jesting to move men to laughter, nor witty repartee to raise 
 mirth, nor extravagant feasting to excite the lusts and desires of the flesh 
 above measure; but every face gathered paleness, and many hearts were hum- 
 bled, and countenances fallen and sunk, as such that waited every moment to 
 be summoned to the bar and numbered to the grave." 
 
 Great joy was everywhere manifested throughout the province at the arriv- 
 
70 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 al of the proprietor and his family, fondly believing that he had now como to 
 stay. He met the Assembly soon after landing, but, it being an inclement 
 season, he only detained them loQg enough to pass two measures aimed against 
 piracy and illicit trade, exaggerated reports of which, having been spread 
 broadcast through the kingdom, had caused him great uneasiness and vexation. 
 At the first monthly meeting of Friends in 1700, he laid before them his 
 concern, which was for the welfare of Indians and Negroes, and steps were 
 taken to instruct them and provide stated meetings for them where they could 
 hear the Word. It is more than probable that he had fears from the first that 
 his enemies in England would interfere in his affairs to such a degree as to re- 
 quire his early return, though he had declared to his friends there that he 
 never expected to meet them again. His greatest solicitude, consequently, 
 was to give a charter to his colony, and also one to his city, the very best that 
 human ingenuity could devise. An experience of now nearly twenty years 
 would be likely to develop the weaknesses and impracticable provisions of the 
 first constitutions, so that a frame now drawn with all the light of the past, 
 and by the aid and suggestion of the men who had been employed in admin- 
 istering it, would be likely to be enduring, and though he might be called 
 hence, or be removed by death, their work would live on from generation to 
 generation and age to age, and exert a benign and preserving influence while 
 the State should exist. 
 
 In February, 1701, Penn met the most renowned and powerful of the In- 
 dian chieftains, reaching out to the Potomac, the Susquehanna and to the Ononda- 
 goes of the Five Nations, some forty in number, at Philadelphia, where he 
 renewed with them pledges of peace and entered into a formal treaty of active 
 friendship, binding them to disclose any hostile intent, confirm sale of lands, 
 be governed by colonial law, all of which was confirmed on the part of the In- 
 dians "by five parcels of skins;" and on the part of Penn by " several English 
 goods and merchandises. " 
 
 Several sessions of the Legislature were held in which great harmony pre- 
 vailed, and much attention was giving to revising and recomposing the consti- 
 tution. But iu the midst of their labors for the improvement of the organic 
 law, intelligence was brought to Penn that a bill had been introduced in the 
 House of Lords for reducing all the proprietary governments in America to 
 regal ones, under pretence of advancing the prerogative of the crown, and 
 the national advantage. Such of the owners of land in Pennsylvania as hap- 
 pened to be in England, remonstrated against action upon the bill until Penn 
 could return and be heard, and wrote to him urging his immediate coming 
 hither. Though much to his disappointment and sorrow, he determined to 
 go immediately thither. He promptly called a session of the Assemblv, and 
 in his message to the two Houses said, "I cannot think of such a voyaee 
 without great reluctancy of mind, having promised myself the quietness of a 
 wilderness For my heart is among you, and no disappointment shall ever be 
 able to alter my love to the country, and resolution to return, and settle my 
 family and posterity m It. * * Think therefore (since all men are mortal), 
 of some suitable expedient and provision for youi- safety as well in your privi- 
 leges as property. Review again your laws, propose new ones, and you will 
 hnd me ready to comply with whatsoever may render us happv, by a nearer 
 Zl" dedT f '" ; ^^' Assemblyreturned a suitable re^p^o^and th^u 
 proceeded to draw up twenty-one articles. The first related to th; appoint- 
 ZoteL^ ^7j«^^!^\Governor. Penn proposed that the Assembly should 
 
 Little trnll ^-^ ^^f'^^^' ^^^^^^^^^S tbat he should appoint one. 
 
 Little trouble was experienced m settling everything broached, except the 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSVLVANlA. 71 
 
 union of the province and lower counties. Penn used his best endeavorR to 
 reconcile them to the union, but without avail. The new confititation \v:is 
 adopted on the 28th of October, 1701. The instrument provided for tlie 
 union, but in a supplementary article, evidently granted with great reluctance, 
 it was provided that the province and the territories might be separated ab any 
 time within three years. As his last act before leaving, he presented the city 
 of Philadelphia, now grown to be a considerable place, and always an object 
 of his affectionate regard, with a charter of privileges. As his Deputy, he ap- 
 pointed Andrew Hamilton, one of the proprietors of East New Jersey, and 
 Bometime Governor of both East and West Jersey, and for Secretary of the 
 province and Clerk of the Council, he selected James Logan, a man of sin- 
 gular urbanity and strength of mind, and withal a scholar. 
 
 Penn set sail for Europe on the 1st of November, 1701. Soon after his 
 arrival, on the 18th of January, 1702, King AVilliam died, and Anne of Den- 
 mark succeeded him. Ho now found himsolf in favor at court, and that he 
 might be convenient to the royal residence, he again took lodgings, at Kensing- 
 ton. The bill which had been pending before Parliament, that had given him 
 so much uneasiness, was at the succeeding session dropped entirely, and was 
 never again called up. During his leisure hours, he now busied himself in 
 writing "several useful and excellent treatises on divers subjects." 
 
 Gov. Hamilton's administration continued only till December, 1702, when 
 he died. He was earnest in his endeavors to induce the territories to unite 
 with the province, they having as yet not accepted the new charter, alleging 
 that they had three years in which to make their decision, but without success. 
 He also organized a military force, of which George Lowther was commander, 
 for the safety of the colony. 
 
 The executive authority now devolved upon the Council, of which Edward 
 Shippen was President. Conflict of authority, and contention over the due in- 
 terpretation of some provisions of the new charter, preventea the accomplish- 
 ment of much, by way of legislation, in the Assembly which convened in 1703; 
 though in this body it was finally determined that the lower counties should 
 thereafter act separately in a legislative capacity. This separatiQn proved 
 final, the two bodies never again meeting in common. 
 
 Though the bill to govern the American Colonies by regal authority failed, 
 yet the clamor of those opposed to the proprietary Governbrs was so strong 
 that an act was finally passed requiring the selection of deputies to have the 
 royal assent. Hence, in choosing a successor to Hamilton, he was obliged to 
 consider the Queen's wishes. John Evans, a man of parts, of Welsh extrac- 
 tion, only twenty-six years old, a member of the Queen's household, and not a 
 Quaker, nor even of exemplary morals, was appointed, who arrived in the col- 
 ony in December, 1703. He was accompanied by William Penn, Jr., who was 
 elected a member of the Council, the number having been increased by author- 
 ity of the Governor, probably with a view to his election. 
 
 The first care of Evans was to unite the province and lower counties, 
 though the final separation had been agreed to. He presented the matter so 
 well that the lower counties, from which the difficulty had always come, were 
 willing to return to a firm union. Bat now the provincial Assembly, having 
 become impatient of the obstacles thrown in the way of legislation by the dole- 
 gates from these counties, was unwilling to receive them. They henceforward 
 remained separate in a legislative capacity, though still a part of Pennsylvania, 
 under the claim of Penn, and ruled by the same Governor, and thus they con- 
 tinued until the 20th of September, 1776, when a constitution was adopted, 
 and they were proclaimed a separate State under the name of Delaware, 
 
72 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 During two years of the government of Evans, there was ceaseless discord be- 
 tween the Council, headed by the Governor and Secretary Logan on the one 
 side, and the Assembly led by David Lloyd, its Speaker, on the other, and 
 little legislation was effected. 
 
 Eealizing the defenseless condition of the colony, Evans determined to 
 organize the militia, and accordingly issued his proclamation. ' ' In obedience 
 to^er Majesty's royal command, and to the end that the inhabitants of this 
 government may be in a posture of defense and readiness to withstand and 
 repel all acts of hostility, I do hereby strictly command and require all per- 
 sons residing in this government, whose persuasions will, on any account, per- 
 mit them to take up arms in their own defense, that forthwith they do pro- 
 vide themselves with a good firelock and ammunition, in order to enlist them- 
 selves in the militia, which I am now settling in this government. " The Gov- 
 ernor evidently issued this proclamation in good faith, and with a pure pur- 
 pose. The French and Indians had assumed a threatening aspect upon the north, 
 and while th^ other colonies had assisted New York liberally, Pennsylvania had 
 done little or nothing for the common defense. But his call fell stillborn. 
 The " fire- locks'' were not brought out, and none enlisted. 
 
 Disappointed at this lack of spirit, and embittered by the factious temper of 
 the Assembly, Evans, who seems not to have had faith in the religif>us prin- 
 ciples of the Quakers, and to have entirely mistook the nature of their Christian 
 zeal, formed a wild scheme to test their steadfastness under the pressure of 
 threatened danger. In conjunction with his gay associates in revel, he agreed 
 to have a false alarm spread of the approach of a hostile force in the river, 
 whereupon he was to raise the alarm in the city. Accordingly, on the day of 
 the fair in Philadelphia, 16th of March, 1700, a messenger came, post haste 
 from New Castle, bringing the startling intelligence that an armed fleet of the 
 enemy was already in the river, and making their way rapidly toward the city. 
 Whereupon Evans acted his part to a nicety. He sent emissaries through the 
 town proclaiming the dread tale, while he mounted his horse, and in an ex- 
 cited manner, and with a drawn sword, rode through the streets, calling upon all 
 good men and true to rush to arms for the defense of their homes, their wives 
 and children, and all they held dear. The ruse was so well played that it 
 had an immense effect. " The suddenness o£ the surprise,'" says Proud, " with 
 the noise of precipitation consequent thereon, threw manj" of the people into 
 very great fright and consternation, insomuch that it is said some threw their 
 plate and most valuable effects down their wells and little houses; that others 
 hid themselves, in the best manner they could, while many retired further up 
 the river, with what they could most readily carry off; so that some of the 
 creeks seemed full of boats and small craft; those of a larger size running as 
 far as Burlington, and some higher up the river; several women are said to 
 have miscarried by the fright and terror into which they were thrown, and 
 much mischief ensued." 
 
 The more thoughtful of the people are said to have understood the 
 deceit from the first, and labored to allay the excitement; but the seeming 
 earnestness of the Governor and the zeal of his emissaries so worked upon the 
 more inconsiderate of the po{)ulation that the consternation and commotion 
 was almost past belief. In an almanac published at Philadelphia for the next 
 year opposite this date was this distich: 
 
 "AVise men wonder, good men grieve, 
 Kuaves invent and tools believe." 
 Though this ruse was played upon all classes alike, yet it was generally 
 believed to have betm aimed chiefly at the Quakers, to try the force of their 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 73 
 
 principles, and see if they would not rush to arms when danger should really 
 appear. But in this the Governor was disappointed. For it is said that only 
 four out of the entire population of this religious creed showed any disposition 
 to falsify, their faith, It was the day of their weekly meeting, and regardless 
 of the dismay and consternation which were everywhere manifest about them, 
 they assembled in their accustomed places of worship, and engaged in their 
 devotions as though nothing unusual was transpiring without, manifesting 
 such unshaken faith, as Whittier has exemplified in verse by his Abraham 
 Davenport, on the occasion of the Dark Day: 
 
 Meanwhile in the old State House, dim as ghosts, 
 
 Sat the law-givers of Connecticut, 
 
 Trembling beneath their legislative robes. 
 
 It is the Lord's ereat day! Let us adjourn,' 
 
 Some said; and then, as with one accord. 
 
 All eyes were turned on Abraham Davenport. 
 
 He rose, slow, cleaving with his steady voice 
 
 The intolerable hush. ' 'This well may be 
 
 The Day of Judgment which the world awaits; 
 
 But be it so or not, I only know 
 
 My present duty, and my Lord's command 
 
 To occupy till He come. So at the post 
 
 Where He hath set me in His Providence, 
 
 I choose, for one, to meet Him face to face. 
 
 No faithless servant frightened from my task. 
 
 But ready when the Lord of the harvest calls; 
 
 And therefore, with all reverence, I would say, 
 
 Let God do His work, we will see to ours. 
 
 Bring in the candles.' And they brought them in." 
 
 In conjunction with the Legislature of the lower counties, Evans was in- 
 strumental in having a law passed for the imposition of a tax on the tonnase 
 of the river, and the erection of a fort near the town of New Castle for com- 
 pelling obedience. This was in direct violation of the fundamental compact, 
 and vexatious to commerce. It was at length forcibly resisted, and its impo- 
 sition abandoned. His administration was anything but eiiicient or peaceful, 
 a series of contentions, of charges and counter-charges having been kept up 
 between the leaders of the two factions, Lloyd and Logan, which he was pow- 
 erless to properly direct or control. " He was relieved in 1709. Possessed of 
 a good degree of learning and refinement, and accustomed to the gay society 
 of the British metropolis, he found in the grave and serious habits of the 
 Friends a type of life and character which he failed to comprehend, and with 
 which he could, consequently, have little sympathy. How widely he mistook 
 the -Quaker character is seen in the result of his wild and hair- brained experi- 
 ment to test their faith. His general tenor of life seems to have been of a 
 piece with this. "Watson says: 'The Indians of Connestoga complained of 
 him when there as misbehaving to their women, and that, in 1709, Solomon 
 Cresson, going his rounds at night, entered a tavern to suppress a riotous as- 
 sembly, and found there John Evans, Esq. , the Governor, who fell to beat- 
 ing Cresson,'" 
 
 The youth and levity of Gov. Evans induced the proprietor to seek for a 
 successor of a more sober and sedate character. He had thought of proposing 
 his son, but finally settled upon Col. Charles Gookin, who was reputed to be a 
 man of wisdom and prudence, though as was afierward learned, to the sorrow 
 of the colony, he was subject to fits of derangement, which toward the close of 
 his term were exhibited in the most extravagant acts. He had scarcely ar- 
 rived in the colony before charges were preferred against the late Governor, 
 and he was asked to institute criminal proceedings, which he declined. This 
 
74 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 was the occasion of a renewal of contentions between the Governor and his 
 Council and the Assembly, which continued during the greater part of his ad- 
 ministration. In the midst of them, Logan, who was at the head of the Coun- 
 cil, having demanded a trial of the charges against him, and failed to secure 
 one, sailed for Europe, where he presented the diflQculties ex|)erienoed in ad- 
 ministering the government so strongly, that Penn was seriously inclined to 
 sell his interest in the colony. He had already greatly crippled his estate by 
 expenses he had incurred in making costly presents to the natives, and in set- 
 tling his colony, for which he had received small return. In the year 1707, 
 he had become involved in a suit in chancery with the executors of his former 
 steward, in the course of which he was confined in the Old Baily during this 
 and a part of the following year, when he was obliged to mortgage his colony 
 in the sum of £6,600 to relieve himself. Foreseeing the great consequence 
 it would be to the crown to buy the rights of the proprietors of the several 
 English colonies in America before they would grow too powerful, negotia- 
 tions had been entered into early in the reign of William and Mary for their 
 purchase, especially the "fine province of Mr. Penn." Borne down by these 
 troubles, and by debts and litigations at home, Penn seriously entertained the 
 proposition to sell in 1712, and offered it for £20,000. The sum of £12,000 
 was offered on the part of the crown, which was agreed upon, but before the 
 necessary papers were executed, he was stricken down with apoplexy, by which 
 he was incapacitated for transacting any business, and a stay was put to fur- 
 ther proceedings until the Queen should order an act of Parliament for con- 
 summating the purchase. 
 
 It is a mournful spectacle to behold the great mind and the great heart of 
 Penn reduced now in his declining years, by the troubles of government and 
 by debts incurred in the bettering of his colony, to this enfeebled condition. 
 He was at the moment writing to Logan on public affairs, when his hand was 
 suddenly seized by lethargy in the beginning of a sentence, which he never 
 finished. His mind was touched by the disease, which he never recovered, 
 and after lingering for six years, he died on the 30th of May, 1718, in the 
 seventy-fourth year of his age. With great power of intellect, and a religious 
 devotion scarcely matched in all Christendom, he gave himself to the welfare 
 of mankind, by securing civil and religious liberty through the operations of 
 organic law. Though not a lawyer by profession, he drew frames of govern- 
 ment and bodies of laws which have been the admiration of succeeding gener^ 
 ations, and are destined to exert a benign influence iu all future time, and by 
 his discussions with Lord Baltimore and before the Lords in Council, he 
 showed himself familiar with the abstruse principles of law. Though but' a 
 private person and of a despised sect, he was received as the friend and confi- 
 dential advisee of the ruling sovereigns of England, and some of the princi- 
 ples which give luster to British law were engrafted there through the influ- 
 ence of the powerful intellect and benignant heart of Penn. He sought to 
 know no philosophy but that promulgated by Christ and His disciples, and 
 this he had sounded to its depths, and in it were anchored his ideas of public 
 law and private and social living. The untamed savage of the forest bowed in 
 meek and loving simplicity to his mild and resistless sway, and the members 
 of the Society of Friends all over Europe flocked to his City of Brotherly Love. 
 His prayers for the welfare of his people are the beginning and ending of all 
 his public and private correspondence, and who will say that they have not 
 been answered in the blessings which ^lave attended the commonwealth of his 
 founding? And will not the day of its greatness be when the inhabitants 
 throughout all its borders shall return to the peaceful and loving spirit of 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 76 
 
 Penn f In the midst of a licentious court, and with every prospect of advance- 
 ment in its sunshine and favor, inheriting a great name and an independent 
 patrimony, he turned aside fi-om this brilliant track to make common lot with 
 a poor sect under the ban of Government; endured stripes and imprisonment 
 and loss of property; banished himself to the wilds of the American continent 
 that he might secure to his people those devotions which seemed to them re- 
 quired by their Maker, and has won for himself a name by the simple deeds of 
 love and humble obedience to Christian mandates which shall never perish. 
 Many have won renown by deeds of blood, but fadeless glory has come to 
 William Penn by charity. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Sir William Keith, 1717-3 >— Patrick Gordon, 17JJ6-36— James Logan, 1736-38 
 —George Thomas, 1738-47— Anthony Palmer, 1747-48— James Hamilton, 
 1748-54. 
 
 IN 1712, Penn had made a will, by which he devised to his only surviving 
 son, William, by his first marriage, all his estates in England, amounting 
 to some twenty thousand pounds. By his first wife, Gulielma Maria Springett, 
 he had issue of three sons — William, Springett and William, and four daugh- 
 ters — Gulielma, Margaret, Gulielma and Letitia; and by his second wiff, 
 Hannah Oallowhill, of four sons — John, Thomas, Eichard and Dennis. To 
 his wife Hannah, who survived him, and whom he made the sole executrix of 
 his will, he gave, for the equal benefit of herself and her children, all his 
 personal estate in Pennsylvania and elsewhere, after paying all debts, and 
 allotiug ten thousand acres of land in the Province to his daughter Letitia, by 
 his first marriage, and each of the three children of his son William. 
 
 Doubts having arisen as to the force of the provisions of this will, it was 
 finally determined to institute a suit in chancery for its determination. Before 
 a decision was reached, in March, 1720, William Penn, Jr., died, and while 
 still pending, his son Springett died also. During the long pendency of this 
 litigation for nine years, Hannah Penn, as executrix of the will, assumed the 
 proprietary powers, issued instructions to her Lieutenant Governors, heard 
 complaints and settled difficulties with the skill and the assurance of a veteran 
 diplomatist. In 1727, a decision was reached that, upon the death of William 
 Peim, Jr., and his son Springett, the proprietary rights in Pennsylvania de- 
 scended to the three surviving sons — John, Thomas and Richard — issue by the 
 second marriage; and that the proprietors bargain to sell his province to the 
 crown for twelve thousand pounds, made in 1712, and on which one thousand 
 pounds had been paid at the confirmation of the sale, was void. Whereupon 
 the three sons became the joint proprietors. 
 
 A year before the death of Penn, the lunacy of Gov. Gookin having be- 
 come troublesome, he was succeeded in the Government by Sir William Keith. 
 a Scotchman who had served as Surveyor of Customs to the English Govern 
 ment, in which capacity he had visited Pennsylvania previously, and knew 
 something of its condition. He was a man of dignified and commanding- 
 bearing, endowed with cunning, of an accommdating policy, full of faithful 
 promises, and usually found upon the stronger side. Hence, upon his 
 arrival in the colony, he did not summon the Assembly immediately, 
 
76 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 assigning as arwason in his first message that he did not wish to inconvenience 
 the country members by calling them in harvest time. The disposition thus 
 manifested to favor the people, and his advocacy of popular rights on several 
 occasions in opposition to the claims of the proprietor, gave great satisfaction 
 to the popular branch of the Legislature which manifested its appreciation of 
 his conduct by voting him liberal salaries, which had often been withheld from 
 his less accommodating predecessors. By his artful and insinuating policy, 
 he induced the Assembly to pass two acts which had previously met with un- 
 compromising opposition — one to establish a Court of Equity, with himself as 
 Chancellor, the want of which had been seriously felt; and another, for organ- 
 izing the militia. Though the soil was fruitful and produce was plentiful, 
 yet, for lack of good markets, and on account of the meagerness of the cir- 
 culating medium, prices were very low, the toil and sweat of the husbandman 
 being little rewarded, and the taxes and payments on land were met with great 
 diflSculty. Accordingly, arrangements were made for the appointment of in- 
 spectors of provisions, who, from a conscientious discharge of duty, soon 
 caused the Pennsylvania brands of best products to be much sought for, and 
 to command ready bale at highest prices in the West Indies, whither most of 
 the surplus produce was exported. A provision was also made for the issue of 
 a limited amount of paper money, on the establishment of ample securities, 
 which tended to raise the value of the products of the soil and of manufact- 
 ures, and encourage industry. 
 
 By the repeated notices of the Governors in their messages to the Legis- 
 lature previous to this time, it is evident that Indian hostilities had for some- 
 time been threatened. The Potomac was the dividing line between the 
 Northern and Southern Indians. But the young men on either side, when out 
 in pursuit of game, often crossed the line of the river into the territory of the 
 other, when fierce altercations ensued. This trouble had become so 
 violent in 1719 as to threaten a great Indian war, in which the pow- 
 erful confederation, known as the Five Nations, would take a hand. 
 To avert this danger, which it was foreseen would inevitably involve 
 the defenseless familes upon the frontier, and perhaps the entire colony, 
 Gov. Zeith determined to use his best exertions. He accordingly made 
 a toilsome journey in the spring of 1^21 to confer with the Governor of 
 Virginia and endeavor to employ by concert of action such means aa would 
 allay further cause of contention. His policy was well devised, and enlisted 
 the favor of the Governor. Soon after his return, he summoned a council of 
 Indian Chief tarns to meet him at Coaestoga, a point about seventy miles west 
 of Philadelphia. He went in considerable pomp, attended by some seventy 
 or eighty horsemen, gaily caparisoned, and many of them armed, arriving- 
 about noon, on the 4th of July, not then a day of more note than other days! 
 He went immediately to Capt. Civility's cabin, where were assembled four 
 deputies of the Five Nations and representatives of other tribes The Gov- 
 ernor said that he had come a long distance from home to see and speak to 
 representatives or the Five Nations, who had never met the Governor of Penn- 
 sylvania. They said in reply that they had heard much of the Governor, and 
 would have come sooner to pay him their respects, but that the wild conduct of 
 some of their young men had made them ashamed to show their faces. In the 
 Sit ""^ r ^ '" ^ morning, Ghesaont, chief of the Senecas, spoke for all 
 the Five Nations He said that thoy now felt that they were speaking to the 
 forZffrt *^^y ^°^1'1 were William Penn before them, that they had not 
 
 hem Zf ^r' T,t^^ *'^t'^' "^^^^ ^"*^ ^'«^' ^"<i *be good advice he gave 
 them, that though they could not write as do the English, yet they could keep 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 77 
 
 all these transactions fresh in their memories. After laying down a belt of 
 wampum upon the table as if by way of emphasis, he began again, declaring 
 that "all their disorders arose from the nse of rum and strong spirits, which 
 took away their sense and memory, that they had no such liquors," and desired 
 that no more be sent among them. Here he produced a bundle of dressed 
 skins, by which he would say, ' ' you see how much in earnest we are upon this 
 matter of furnishing fiery liquors to us." Then he proceeds, declaring that 
 the Five Nations remember all their ancient treaties, and they now desire that 
 the chain of friendship may be made, so strong that none of the links may 
 ever be broken, This may have been a hint that they wanted high-piled 
 and valuable presents; for the Quakers had made a reputation of brightening 
 and strengthening the chain of friendship by valuable presents which had 
 reached so far away as the Five Nations. He then produces a bundle of raw 
 skins, and observes ' ' that a chain may contract rust with laying and become 
 weaker; wherefore, he desires it may now be so well cleaned as to renrain 
 brighter and stronger than ever it was before." Here he presents another par- 
 cel of skins, and continues, " that as in the firmament, all clouds and dark- 
 ness are removed from the face of the sun, so they desire that all misunder- 
 standings may be fully done away, so that when they, who are now here, shall 
 be dead and gone, their whole people, with their children and posterity, may en- 
 joy the clear sunshine with us forever." Presenting another bundle of skins, 
 he says, "that, looking upon the Governor as if William Penn were present, 
 they desire, that, in case any disorders should hereafter happen between their 
 young people and ours, we would not be tpo hasty in resenting any such acci- 
 dent, until their Council and ours can have some opportunity to treat amicably 
 upon it, and so to adjust all matters, as that the friendship between us may 
 still be inviolably preserved." Here he produces a small parcel of dressed 
 skins, and concludes by saying " that we may now be together as one people, 
 treating one another's children kindly and affectionately, that they are fully 
 empowered to speak for the Five Nations, and they look upon the Governor as 
 the representative of the Great King of England, and therefore thej- expect 
 that everything now stipulated will be made absolutely firm and good on both 
 sides." And now he presents a different style of present and pulls out a 
 bundle of bear skins, and proceeds to put in an item of complaint, that ' ' they 
 get too little for their skins and furs, so that they cannot live by hunting ; 
 they desire us, therefore, to take compassion on them, and contrive some way 
 to help them in that particular. Then producing a few furs, he speaks only 
 for himself, "to acquaint the Governor, that the Five Nations having heard 
 that the Governor of Virginia wanted to speak with them, he himself, with 
 some of his company intended to proceed to Virginia, but do not know the 
 way how to get safe thither." 
 
 To this formal and adroitly conceived speech of the Seneca chief, Gov. 
 Keith, after having brought in the present of stroud match coats, gunpowder, 
 lead, biscuit, pipes and tobacco, adjourned the council till the following day, 
 when, being assembled at Oonestoga, he answered at length the items of the 
 chieftain's speech. His most earnest appeal, however, was made in favor of 
 peace. " I iave persuaded all my [Indian] brethren, in these parts, to con- 
 sider what is for their good, and not to go out aay more to war ; but your 
 young men [Five Nations] as they come this way, endeavor to force them ; 
 and, because they incline to the counsels of peace, and the good advice of their 
 true friends, your people use them ill, and often prevail with them to go out 
 to their own destruction. Thus it was that their town of Oonestoga lost their 
 good king not long ago. Their young children are left without parents ; 
 
78 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 their wives without husbands ; the old men, contrary to the course of nature, 
 mourn the death of their young ; the people decay and grow weak ; we lose 
 our dear friends and are afflicted. Surely you cannot propose to get either 
 riches, or possessions, by going thus out to war ; for when you kill a deer, you 
 have the flesh to eat, and the skin to sell ; but when you return from war, you 
 brinw nothing liome, but the scalp of a dead man, who perhaps was husband 
 to a kind wife, and father to tender children, who never wronged you, though, 
 by losing him, you have robbed them of their help and protection, and at the 
 same time got nothing by it. If I were not your friend, I would not take the 
 trouble to say all these things to you." When the Governor had concluded 
 his address, he called the Senaca chieftain (Ghesaont) to him, and presented a 
 gold coronation medal of King George I, which he requested should be taken 
 to the monarch of the Five Nations, " Kannygooah," to be laid up and kept as 
 a token to our children's children, that an entire and lasting friendship is now 
 established forever between the English in this country and the great Five 
 Nations." Upon the return of the Governor, he was met at the upper ferry of 
 the Schuylkill, by the Mayor and Aldermen of the city, with about two hun- 
 drod horse, and conducted through the streets after the manner of a conqueror 
 of old returning from the scenes of his triumphs. 
 
 Gov. Keith gave diligent study to the subject of finance, regulating the 
 currency in such a way that the planter should have it in his power to dis- 
 charge promptly his indebtedness to the merchant, that their mutual interests 
 might thus be subserved. He even proposed to establish a considerable settle- 
 ment on his own account in the colony, in order to carry on manufactures, and 
 thus consume the grain, of which there was at this time abundance, and no 
 profitable market abroad. 
 
 In the spring of 1722, an Indian was barbaroiflly murdered within the 
 limits of the colony, which gave the Governor great concern. After having 
 cautioned red men so strongly about keeping the peace, he felt that the honor 
 of himself and all his people was compromised by this vile act. He immedi- 
 ately commissioned James Logan and John French to go to the scene of the 
 laurder above Conestoga, and inquire into the facts of the case, quickly appre- 
 hended the supposed murderers, sent a fast Indian runner (Satoheecho), to 
 acquaint the Five Nations with his sorrow for the act, and of his determination 
 to bring the guilty parties to justice, and himself set out with three of his 
 Council (Hill, Norris and Hamilton), for Albany, where he had been invited 
 by the Indians for a conference with the Governors of all the colonies, and 
 where he met the chiefs of the Five Nations, and treated with them upon the 
 subject of the murder, besides making presents to the Indians. It was on this 
 occasion that the grand sachem of this great confederacy made that noble, 
 and generous, and touching response, so different from the spirit of revenge 
 generally attributed to the Indian .character. It is a notable example of love 
 that begets love, and of the mild answer that turneth away wrath. He said : 
 " The great king of the Five Nations is sorry for the death of the Indian 
 that was killed, for he was of his own flesh and blood. He believes that the 
 Govei-nor is also sorry ; but, now that it is done, there is no help for it, and 
 he desires that Cartlidge [the murderer] may not be put to death, nor that he 
 should be spared for a tima, and afterward executed ; one life is enough to be 
 lost ; there should not two die. The King's heart is good to the Governor and 
 all the English." 
 
 Though Gov. Keith, during the early part of his term, pursued a pacific 
 policy, yet the interminable quarrels which had been kept up between the As- 
 sembly and Council during previous administrations, at length broke out with 
 
' -'■''7 ' by £ /.; iVl'Jj ^ a- ^ .1 B ; 
 
 ^C- C^^a^H^c^ 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 81 
 
 more virulence than ever, and he who in the first flush of power had declared 
 "That he should pass no laws, nor transact anything of moment relating to 
 the public affairs without the advice and approbation of the Council," took it 
 upon himself finally to act independently of the Council, and even went so 
 far as to dismiss the able and trusted representative of the proprietary inter- 
 ests, James Logan, President of the Council and Secretary of the Province, 
 from the duties of his high oflace, and even refused the request of Hannah 
 Penn, the real Governor of the province, to re-instate him. This unwarranta- 
 ble conduct cost him his dismissal from office in July, 1726. Why he should 
 have assumed so headstrong and unwarrantable a course, who had promised at 
 the first so mild and considerate a policy, it is difficult to understand, unless it 
 be the fact that he found that the Council was blocking, by its obstinacy, 
 wholesome legislation, which he considered of vital importance to the pros- 
 perity of the colony, and if, as he alleges, he found that the new constitution 
 only gave the Council advisory and not a voice in executive power. 
 
 The administration of Gov. Keith was eminently successful, as he did not 
 hesitate to grapple with important questions of judicature, finance, trade, 
 commerce, and the many vexing relations with the native tribes, and right 
 manfully, and judiciously did he effect their solution. It was at a time when 
 the colony was tilling up rapidly, and the laws and regulations which had been 
 found ample for the management of a few hundred families struggling for a 
 foothold in the forest, and when the only traffic was a few skins, were entirely 
 inadequate for securing protection and prosperity to a seething and jostling 
 population intent on trade and commerce, and the conflicting interests which 
 required wise legislation and prudent management. No colony on the Ameri- 
 can coast made such progress in numbers and improvement as did Pennsylvania 
 during the nine years in which William Keith exercised the Gubernatorial 
 office. Though not himself a Quaker, he had secured the passage of an act of 
 Assembly, and its royal affirmation for allowing the members of the Quaker 
 sect to wear their hats in court, and give testimony under affirmation instead 
 of oath, which in the beginning of the reign of Queen Anne had been with- 
 held from them. After the expiration of his term of office, he was immedi- 
 ately elected a member of the Assembly, and was intent ou being elected 
 Speaker, " and had his support out- doors in a cavalcade of eighty mounted 
 horsemen and the resounding of many guns fired;" yet David Lloyd was 
 elected with only three dissenting voices, the out- door business having perhaps 
 been overdone. 
 
 Upon the recommendation of Springett Penn, who was now the prospective 
 heir to Pennsylvania, Patrick Gordon was appointed and confirmed Lieutenant 
 Governor in place of Keith, and arrived in the colony and assumed authority 
 in July, 1726. He had served in the army, and in his first address to the 
 Assembly, which he met in August, he said that as he had been a soldier, he 
 knew nothing of the crooked ways of professed politicians, and must rely on a 
 straightforward manner of transacting the duties devolving upon him. George 
 I died in June, 1727, and the Assembly at its meeting in October prepared 
 and forwarded a congratulatory address to his successor, George II. By the 
 decision of the Court of Chancery in 1727, Hannah Penn's authority over the 
 colony was at an end, the proprietary interests having descended to John, 
 Bichard and Thomas Penn, the only surviving sons of William Penn, Sr. 
 This period, from the death of Penn in 1718 to 1727, one of the most pros- 
 perous in the history of the colony, was familiarly known as the " Reign of 
 Hannah and the Boys." 
 
 Gov. Gordon found the Indian troubles claiming a considerable part of his 
 
82 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 attention. In 1728, worthless bands, who had strayed away from their proper 
 tribes, incited by strong drink, had become implicated in disgraceful broils, in 
 which several were killed and wounded. The guilty parties were apprehended, 
 but it was found difficult to punish Indian offenders without incurring the 
 wrath of their relatives. Treaties were frequently renewed, on which occa- 
 sions the chiefs expected that the chain of friendship would be polished " with 
 English blankets, broadcloths and metals." The Indians found that this 
 " brightening the chain " was a profitable business, which some have been un- 
 charitable enough to believe was the moving cause of many of the Indian diffi- 
 culties. 
 
 As early as 1732, the French, who were claiming all the territory drained 
 by the llississippi and its tributaries, on the ground of priority of discovery 
 of its mouth and exploration of its channel, commenced erecting trading posts 
 in Pennsylvania, along the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers, and invited the Indians 
 living on these streams to a council for concluding treaties with them at Mon- 
 treal, Canada. To neutralize the influence of the French, these Indians were 
 summoned to meet in council at Philadelphia, to renew treaties of friendship, 
 and they were invited to remove farther east. But this they were unwill- 
 ing to do. A treaty waa also concluded with the Six Nations, in which they 
 pledged lasting friendship for the English. 
 
 Hannah Penn died in 1733, when the Assembly, supposing that the pro- 
 prietary power was still in her hands, refused to recognize the power of Gov. Gor- 
 don. But the three sons, to whom the proprietary possessions had descended, 
 in 1727, upon the decision of the Chancery case, joined in issuing a new com- 
 mission to Gordon. In approving this commission the King directed a clause 
 to be inserted, expressly reserving to himself the government of the lower 
 counties. This act of the King was the beginning of those series of encroach- 
 ments which finally culminated in the independence of the States of America. 
 The Judiciary act of 1727 was annulled, and this was followed by an attempt 
 to pass an act requiring the laws of all the colonies to be submitted to the 
 Crown for approval before they should become valid, and that a copy of all 
 laws previously enacted should be submitted for approval or veto. The agent 
 ot the Assembly, Mr. Paris, with the agents of other colonies, made so vigor- 
 ous a defense, that action was for the time stayed. 
 
 In 1732, Thomas Penn, the youngest son, and two years later, John Penn, 
 the eldest, and the only American born, arrived in the Province, and were re- 
 ceived with every mark of respect and satisfaction. Soon after the arrival of 
 the latter, news was brought that Lord Baltimore had made application to have 
 the Provinces transferred to his colony. A vigorous protest was made against 
 this by Quakers in England, headed by Eichard Penn ; but lest this protest 
 might prove ineffectual, John Penn very soon went to England to defend the 
 proprietary rights at court, and never again returned, he having died a bach- 
 elor in 1746. In August, 1736, Gov. Gordon died, deeply lamented, as an 
 honest, upright and straightforward executive, a character which he expressed 
 the hope he would be able to maintain when he assumed authority. His term 
 had been one of prosperity, and the colony had grown rapidly in numbers, 
 trade, commerce and manufactures, ship-building especially having assumed ex- 
 tensive proportions. 
 
 James Logan was President of the Council and in effect Governor, during 
 the two years which elapsed between the death of Gordon and the arrival of 
 his successor. The Legislature met regularly, but no laws were passed for 
 lack of an executive. It was during this period that serious trouble broke out 
 near the Maryland border, west of the Susquehanna, then Lancaster, now 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSVLVAXIA. 83 
 
 Tiork County. A number of settlers, in order to evade the payment of taxes, 
 had secured titles to their lands from Maryland, and afterward sought to be 
 reinstated in their rights under Pennsylvania authority, and plead protection 
 from the latter. The Sheriff of the adjoining Maryland County, with 300 
 followers, advanced to drive these settlers from their homes. On hearing of 
 this movement, Samuel Smith, Sheriff of Lancaster County, with a hastily sum- 
 moned posse, advanced to protect the citizens in their rights. Without a con- 
 flict, an agreement was entered into by both parties to retire. Soon afterward, 
 however, a band of fifty Marylanders again entered the State with the design 
 of driving out the settlers and each securing for himself 200 acres of land. 
 They were led by one Cressap. The settlers made resistance, and in an en- 
 counter, one of them by the name of Knowles was killed. The Sheriff of 
 Lancaster again advanced with a posse, and in a skirmish which ensued one 
 of the invaders was killed, and the leader Cressap was wounded and taken 
 prisoner. The Governor of Maryland sent a commission to Philadelphia to 
 demand the release of the prisoner. Not succeeding in this, he seized four of 
 the settlers and incarcerated them in the jail at Baltimore. Still determined 
 to effect their purpose, a party of Mary landers, under the leadership of one 
 Higginbotham, advanced into Pennsylvania and began a warfare upon the 
 settlers. Again the Sheriff of Lancaster appeared upon the scene, and drove 
 out the invaders. So stubbornly were these invasions pushed and resented 
 that the season passed without planting or secaring the usual crops. Finally 
 a party of sixteen Marylandera, led by Richard Lowden, broke into the Lan- 
 caster jail and liberated the Maryland prisoners. Learning of these disturb- 
 ances, the King in Council issued an order restraining both parties from fur- 
 ther acts of violence, and afterward adopted a plan of settlement of the vexed 
 boundary question. 
 
 Though not legally Governor, Logan managed the affairs of the colony 
 with great prudence and judgment, as he had done and continued to do for a 
 period of nearly a half century. He was a scholar well versed in the ancient 
 languages and the sciences, and published several learned works in the Latin 
 tongue. His Experivienta Meletemata de plantarum generatione, written in 
 Latin, was published at Leyden in 1789, and afterward, in 1747, republished 
 in London, with an English version on the opposite page by Dr. J. Fothergill. 
 Another work of his in Latin was also published at Leyden, entitled, Canonum 
 •pro inveniendis refractionum, turn simplicium turn in lentibus duplicum focis, 
 demonstrationis geometricae. After retiring from public business, he lived at 
 his country seat at Stenton, near Germantown, where he spent his time among 
 his books and in correspondence with the literati of Europe. In his old age 
 he made an English translation of Cicero's De Senectute, which was printed at 
 Philadelphia in 1744 with a preface by Benjamin Franklin, then rising into 
 notice. Logan was a Quaker, of Scotch descent, though born in Ireland, and 
 came to America in the ship with William Penn, in his second visit in 1699, 
 when about twenty-five years old, and died at seventy- seven. He had held tho 
 ofBces of Chief Commissioner of property, Agent for the purchase and sale of 
 lands. Receiver General, Member of Council, President of Council and Chief 
 Justice. Ha was the Confidential Agent of Penn, having charge of all his vast 
 estates, making sales of lands, executing conveyances, and making collections. 
 Amidst all the great cares of business so pressing as to make him exclaim, " I 
 know not what any of the comforts of life are," he found time to devote to the 
 delights of learning, and collected a large library of standard works, which he 
 bequeathed, at his death, to the people of Pennsylvania, and is known as the 
 Logauian Library. 
 
84 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 George Thomas, a planter from the West Indies, was Appointed Governor 
 in 1737, but did not arrive in the colony till the following year. His first care 
 was to settle tne disorders in the Cumberland Valley, and it was finally agreed 
 that settlers from either colony should owe allegiance to the Governor of that 
 colony wherever settled, until the division line which had been provided for 
 was surveyed and marked. War was declared on the 23d of October, 1739, 
 between Great Britain and Spain. Seeing that his colony was liable to be 
 encroached upon by the enemies of his government, he endeavored to organ- 
 ize the militia, but the majority of the Assembly was of the peace element, and 
 it Could not be induced to vote money. Finally he was ordered by the home 
 government to call for volunteers, and eight companies were quickly formed, 
 and sent down for the coast defense. Many of these proved to be servants for 
 whom pay was demanded and finally obtained. In 1740, the great evangelist, 
 Whitetield, visited the colony, and created a deep religious interest among all 
 denominations. In his first intercourse with the Assembly, Gov. Thomas en- 
 deavored to coerce it to his views. But a more stubborn set of men never met 
 in a deliberative body than were gathered in this Assembly at this time. 
 Finding that he could not compel action to his mind, he yielded and con- 
 sulted their views and decisions. The Assembly, not to be outdone in mag- 
 nanimity, voted him £1,500 arrearages of salary, which had been withheld be- 
 cause he would not approve their legislation, asserting that public acts should 
 take precedence of appropriations for their own pay. In March, 1744, war 
 was declared between Great Britain and France. Volunteers were called 
 for, and 10,000 men were rapidly enliste^ and armed at their own expense. 
 Franklin, recognizing the defenseless condition of the colony, issued a pamph- 
 let entitled Plain Truth, in which he cogently urged the necessity of organ- 
 ized preparation for defense. Franklin was elected Colonel of one of the 
 regiments, but resigned in favor of Alderman Lawrence. On the 5th of May, 
 1747, the Governor communicated intelligence of the death of John Penn, the 
 eldest of the proprietors, to the Assembly, and his own intention to retire froin 
 the duties of his office on account of declining health. 
 
 Anthony Palmer was President of the Council at the time of the with- 
 drawal of Gordon, and became the Acting Governor. The peace party in the As- 
 sembly held that it was the duty of the crown of England to protect the colony, 
 and that for the colony to call out volunteers and become responsible for their 
 payment was burdening the people with an expense which did not belong to 
 them, and which the crown was willing to assume. The French were now 
 deeply intent on securing firm possession of the Mississippi Valley and the en- 
 tire basin, even to the summits of the Alleghanies in Pennsylvania, and were 
 busy astablishing trading posts along the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers. They 
 employed the most artful means to win the simple natives to their interests, 
 giving showy presents and laboring to convince them of their great value. 
 Pennsylvania had won a reputation among the Indians of making presents of 
 substantial worth. Not knowing the difference between steel and iron, the 
 French distributed immense numbers of worthless iron hatchets, which the 
 natives supposed were the equal of the best English steel axes. The Indians, 
 however, soon came to distinguish between the good and the valueless. Un- 
 derstanding the Pennsylvania methods of securing peace and friendship, the 
 the natives became very artful in drawing out " well piled up " presents. The 
 government at this time was alive to the dangers which threatened fi-om the 
 insinuating methods of the French. A trusty messenger, Conrad Weiser, was 
 sent among the Indians in the western part of the province to observe the 
 plans of the French, ascertain the temper of the natives, and especially to 
 
HISTORY OP rilN.NSVLVANlA. 85 
 
 magnify the power of the English, and the disposition of Pennsylvania to give 
 great presents. This latter policy had the desired effect, and worthless and 
 wandering bands, which had no right to speak for the tribe, came teeming in, 
 desirous of scouring the chain of friendship, intimating that the French were 
 making great offers, in order to induce the government to large liberality, 
 until this "brightening the chain," became an intolerable nuisance. At a sin- 
 gle council held at Albany, in 1747, Pennsylvania distributed goods to the 
 value of £1,000, and of such a character as should be most serviceable to the 
 recipients, not worthless gew-gaws, but such as would contribute to their last- 
 ing comfort and well being, a protection to the person against the bitter frosts 
 of winter, and sustenance that should minister to the steady wants of the 
 body and alleviation of pain in time of sickness. The treaty of Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle, which was concluded on the 1st of October, 1748, secured peace between 
 Great Britain and France, and should have put an end to all hostile encoun- 
 ters between their representatives on the American continent. Palmer re- 
 mained at the head of the government for a little more than two years. He 
 was a retired merchant from the West Indies, a man of wealth, and had come 
 into the colony in 1708. He lived in a style suited to a gentleman, kepi a 
 coach and a pleasure barge. 
 
 On the 23d of November, 1748, James Hamilton arrived in the colony from 
 England, bearing the commission of Lieutenant Governor. He was born in 
 America, son of Andrew Hamilton, who bad for many years been Speaker of 
 the Assembly. The Indians west of the Susquehanna had complained that set- 
 tlers had come upon their best lands, and were acquiring titles to them, where- 
 as the proprietors had never purchased these lands of them, and had no claim 
 to them. The first care of Hamilton was to settle these disputes, and allay the 
 rising excitement of the natives. Richard Peters, Secretary of the colony, a 
 man of great prudence and ability, was sent in company with the Indian in- 
 terpreter, Conrad Weiser, to remove the intruders. It was firmly and fear- 
 lessly done, the settlers giving up their tracts and the cabins which they had 
 built, and accepting lauds on the east side of the river. The hardship was in 
 many cases great, but when they were in actual need, the Secretary gave 
 money and placed them upon lands of his own, having secured a tract of 
 2,000,000 of acres. 
 
 But these troubles were of small consequence compared with those that 
 were threatening from the West. Though the treaty of Aix was supposed to 
 have settled all difficulties between the two courts, the French were determined 
 to occupy the whole territory drained by the Mississippi, which they claimed 
 by priority of discovery by La Salle. The British Ambassador at Paris entered 
 complaints before the French Court that encroachments were being made by 
 the French upon English soil in America, which were politely heard, and 
 promises made of restraining the French in Canada from encroaching upon 
 English territory. Formal orders were sent out from the home government to 
 this effect; but at the same time secret intimations were conveyed to them that 
 their conduct in endeavoring to secure and hold the territory in dispute was 
 not displeasing to the government, and that disobedience of these orders would 
 not incur its displeasure, The French deemed it necessary, in order to estab- 
 lish a legal claim to the country, to take formal possession of it. Accordingly, 
 the Marquis de la Galissoniere, who was at this time Governor General of 
 Canada, dispatched Capt. Bienville de Celeron with a party of 215 French and 
 fifty-five Indians, to publicly proclaim possession, and bxiry at prominent 
 points plates of lead bearing inscriptions declaring occupation in the name of 
 the French King. Celeron started on the 15th of June, 1749, from La Chine, 
 
gg HlS^rORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 following the southern shores of Lakes Ontario and Erie, until he reached a 
 point opposite Lake Chautauqua, where the boats were drawn up and were taken 
 bodily over the dividing ridge, a distance o^ieu miles, with all the impedimenta 
 of the expedition, the pioneers havin ;■ first opened a road. Following on down 
 the lake and the Conewango Creek, they arrived at Warren near the confluence 
 of the creek with the Allegheny River. Here the first plate was buried. 
 These plates were eleven inches long, seven and .1 half wide, and one-eighth 
 of an inch thick. The inscription^was in French, and in the following terms, 
 as fairly translated into English: "In the year 1749, of the reign of Louis 
 XIV, King of France, We Celeron, commander of a detachment sent by 
 Monsieur the Marquis de la Galissoni^re, Governor General of New France, 
 to re-establish tranquillity in some Indian villages of these cantons, have 
 buried this plate of lead at the confluence of the Ohio with the Chautauqua, 
 this 29th day of Jaly, near the River Ohio, otherwise Belle Riviere, as a mon- 
 ument of the renewal of the possession we have taken of the said River Ohio, 
 and of all those which empty into it, aad of all the lands on both sides as far 
 as the sources of the said river, as tmjoyed or ought to have been enjoyed by 
 the King of France preceding, and as they have there maintained themselves 
 by arms and by treaties, especially those of Ryswick, Utrecht and Aix-la- 
 Chapelle," The burying of this plate was attended with much form and cer- 
 emony. All the men and officers of the expedition were drawn up in battle 
 array, when the Commander, Celeron, proclaimed in a loud voice, "Vive le 
 Roi," and declared that possession of the countrj^was now taken in the name 
 of the King. A plate on which was inscribed the arms of France was alfixed 
 to the nearest tree. 
 
 The same formality was observed in planting each of the other plates, the 
 second at the rock known as the "Indian God," on which are ancient and un- 
 known inscriptions, a few miles below Franklin, a third at the mouth ot 
 Wheeling Creek; a fourth at the mouth of the Muskingum; a fifth at the mouth 
 of the Great Kanawha, and the sixth and last at the mouth of the Great Miami. 
 Toilsomely ascending the Miami to its head- waters, the party burned their 
 canoes, and obtained ponies for the march across the portage to the head-waters 
 of the Maumee, down which and by Lakes Erie and Ontario they returned 
 to Fort Frontenac, arriving on the 6th of November. It appears that jthe In- 
 dians through whose territory they passed viewed this planting of plates with 
 great suspicion, liy some means they got possession of one of them, gener- 
 ally supposed to have been stolen from the party at the very commencement of 
 their journey from the mouth of the Chautauqua Creek. 
 
 Mr. O. H. Marshall, in an excellent monograph upon this expedition, made 
 up from the original manuscript journal of C61eron and the diary of Father 
 Bonnecamps, found in the Department de la Marine, in Paris, gives the fol- 
 lowing account of this stolen plate: 
 
 " The first of the leaden plates was brought to the attention of the public 
 by Gov. George Clinton to the Lords of Trade in London, dated New York, 
 December 19, 1750, in which he states that be would send to their Lordships 
 in two or three weeks a plate of lead full of writing, which some of the upper 
 nations of Indians stole from Jean Coeur, the French interpreter at Niagara, 
 on his way to the River Ohio, which river, and all the lands thereabouts, tha 
 French claim, as will appear by said writing. He further states 'that the-lead 
 plate gave the Indians so much uneasiness that they immediately dispatched 
 some of the Cayuga chiefs to him with it, saying that their only reliance was 
 on him, and earnestly begged he would communicate the contents to them 
 which he had done, much to their satisfaction and the interests of the English. 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 87 
 
 The Governor concludeB by saying that ' the contents of the plate may be of 
 great importance in clearing up the encroachments which the French have 
 made on the British Empire in America.' The plate was delivered to Colonel, 
 afterward Sir William Johnson, on the 4th of December, 1750, at his resi- 
 dence on the Mohawk, by a Cayuga sachem, who accompanied it by the follow- 
 ing speech: 
 
 "' Brother Corlear and War-ragh-i-ya-ghey! I am sent here by the Five 
 Nations with a piece of writing which tiie Senecas, our brethren, got by some 
 artifice from Jean Coeur, earnestly beseeching you will let us know what it 
 means, and as we put all our confidence in you, we hope you will explain it 
 ingeniously to us.' 
 
 " Col. Johnson replied to the sachem, and through him to the Five Na- 
 tions?, returning a belt of wampum, and explaining the inscription on the 
 plate. He told them that ' it was a matter of the greatest consequence, involv- 
 ing the possession of their lands and hunting grounds, and that Jean Coeur 
 and the French ought immediately to be expelled from the Ohio and Niagara.' 
 In reply, the sachem said that ' he had heard with great attention and surprise 
 the substance of the "devilish writing " he had brought, and that Col. Johnson's 
 remarks were fully approved.' He promised that belts from each of the Five 
 Nations should be sent from the Seneca's castle to the Indians at the Ohio, to 
 warn and strengthen them against the French encroachments in that direc- 
 tion." On the 29th of January, 1751, Clinton sent a copy of this inscription 
 to Gov. Hamilton, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The French followed up this formal act of possession by laying out a line 
 of military posts, on substantially the same line as that pursued by the Cele- 
 ron expedition; but instead of crossing over to Lake Chautauqua, they kept 
 on down to Presque Isle (now Erie), where was a good harbor, where a fort 
 was established, and thence up to Le Boeuf (now Waterford), where another 
 post wp.s placed; thence down the Venango River (French Creek) to its month 
 at Franklin, eetablishing Fort Venango there; thence by the Allegheny to 
 Pittsburgh, where Fort Du Quesne was seated, and so on down the Ohio. 
 
 To counteract this activity of the French, the Ohio Company was char- 
 tered, and a halt million of acres was granted by the crown, to be selected 
 mainly on the south side of the Ohio, between the Monongalia and Kanawha 
 Elvers, and the condition made that settlements (100 families within seven 
 years), protected by a fort, shonld he made. The company consisted of a 
 number of Virginia and Maryland gentlemen, of whom Lawrence Washington 
 was one, and Thomas Hanbury, of London. 
 
 In 1752, a treaty was entered into with the Indians, securing the right of 
 occupancy, and twelve families, headed by Capt. Gist, established themselves 
 upon the Monongalia, and subsequently commenced the erection of a fort, 
 where the city of Pittsburgh now is. Apprised of this intrusion into the 
 very heart of the territory which they were claiming, the French built a fort 
 at Le Boeuf, and strengthened the post at Franklin. 
 
 These proceedings having been promptly reported to Lieut. Gov. Dinwid- 
 dle, of Virginia, where the greater number of the stockholders of the Ohio 
 Company resided, he determined to send an of&cial communication — protesting 
 against the forcible interference with their chartered rights, granted by the 
 crown of Britain, and pointing to the late treaties of peace entered into be- 
 tween the English and French, whereby it was agreed that each should respect 
 the colonial possessions of the other — to the Commandant of the French, who 
 had his headquarters at Fort Le Boeuf, fifteen miles inland from the present 
 site of the city of Erie. 
 
88 HISTOEY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 But who should be the messenger to execute this delicate and responsible 
 duty? It was winter, and the distance to be traversed was some 500 miles, 
 through an unbroken wilderness, cut by rugged mountain chains and deep and 
 rapid streams. It was proposed to several, who declined, and was Anally 
 accepted by George Washington, a youth barely twenty-one years old. On 
 the last day of November, 1753, he bade adieu to civilization, and pushing on 
 through the forest to the settlements on the Monongalia, where- he was joined 
 by Capt. Gist, followed up the Allegheny to Fort Venango (now Franklin); 
 thence up the Venango to its head-waters at Fort Le Boeuf, where he held 
 formal conference with the French Commandant, St. Pierre. The French 
 officer had been ordered to hold this territory on the score of the dis- 
 covery of the Mississippi by La Salle, and he had no discretion but to execute 
 his orders, and referred Washington to his saperior, the Governor General of 
 Canada. Making careful notes of the location and strength of the post and 
 those encountered on the way, the young embassador returned, being twice 
 fired at on his journey by hostile Indians, and near losing his life by being 
 thrown into the freezing waters of the Allegheny. Upon his arrival, he made 
 a full report of the embassage, which was widely published in this country 
 and in England, and was doubtless the basis upon which action was predicted 
 that eventuated in a long and sanguinary war, which finally resulted in the 
 expulsion of the power of France from this continent. 
 
 Satisfied that the French were determined to hold the territory upon the 
 Ohio by force of arms, a body of 150 men, of which Washington was second 
 in command, was sent to the support of the settlers. But the French, having 
 the Allegheny Eiver at flood-tide on which to move, and Washington, without 
 means of transportation, having a rugged and mountainous country to over- 
 come, the former first reached the point of destination. Contracoeur, the 
 French commander, with 1, 000 men and field pieces on a fleet of sixty boats and 
 300 canoes, dropped down the Allegheny and easily seized the fort then being 
 constructed by the Ohio Company at its mouth, and proceeded to erect there 
 an elaborate work which he called Fort Du Quesne, after the Governor Gen- 
 eral. Informed of this proceeding, Washington pushed forward, and finding 
 that a detachment of the French was in his immediate neighborhood, he made 
 a forced march by night, and coming upon them unawares killed and captured 
 the entire party save one. Ten of the French, including their commander, 
 JumonvJlle, were killed, and twenty-one made prisoners. Col. Fry, the com- 
 mander of the Americans, died at Will's Creek, where the command devolved 
 on Washington. Though re -enforcements had been dispatched from the sev- 
 eral colonies in response to the urgent appeals of Washington, none reached 
 him but one company of 100 men under Capt. Mackay from South Carolina. 
 Knowing that he was confronting a vastly superior force of the French, well 
 supplied with artillery, he threw up works at a point called the Great 
 Meadows, which he characterizes as a " charming field for an encounter," nam- 
 ing his hastily built fortification Fort Necessity. Stung by the loss of their 
 leader, the French came out in strong force and soon invested the pi ace. Unfor- 
 tunately one part of Washington's position was easily commanded by the artil- 
 lery of the French, which they were not slow in taking advantage oE. The ac- 
 tion opened on the 3d of July, and was continued till late at night. A capit- 
 ulation was proposed by the French commander, which Washington reluctantly 
 accepted, seeing all hope of re-enfurcements reaching him, cut off, and on the 
 4th of July marched out with honors of war and fell back to Fort Cumberland. 
 
 Gov. Hamilton had strongly recommended.before hostilities opened, that the 
 Assembly should provide for defense and establish a line of block-houses along- 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 89 
 
 the frontier. But the Assembly, while willing to vote money for buying peace 
 from the Indians, and contributions to the British crown, from which protec- 
 tion was claimed, was unwilling to contribute directly for even defensive war- 
 fare. In a single year, £8.000 were voted for Indian gratuities. The proprie- 
 tors were appealed to to aid in bearing this burden. But while they were 
 willing to contribute liberally for defense, they would give nothing for Indian 
 gratuities. They sent to the colony cannon to the value of £400. 
 
 In February, 1753, John Penn, grandson of the founder, eon of Eichard, 
 arrived in the colony, and as a mark of respect was immediately chosen a mem- 
 ber of the Council and made its President. In consequence of the defeat of 
 Washington at Fort Necessity, Gov. Hamilton convened the Assembly in extra 
 session on the 6th of August, at which money was freely voted; but owing to 
 the instructions given by the proprietors to their Deputy Governor not to sign 
 any money bill that did not place the whole of the interest at their disposal, 
 this action of the Assembly was abortive. 
 
 The English and French nations made strenuous exertions to strengtnen 
 their forces in America for the campaigns sure to be undertaken in 1754. The 
 French, by being under the supreme authority of one governing power, the 
 Governor General of Canada, were able to concentrate and bring all their 
 power of men and resources to bear at the threatened point with more celerity 
 and certainty than the English, who were dependent upon colonies scattered 
 along all the sea board, and upon Legislatures penny- wise in voting money. 
 To remedy these inconveniences, the English Government recommended a con- 
 gress of all the colonies, together with the Six Nations, for the purpose of con- 
 certing plans for eflScient defense. This Congress met on the 19th of June, 
 1754, the first ever convened in America. The Representatives from Pennsyl- 
 vania were John Penn and Kichard Peters for the Council, and Isaac Norris 
 and Benjamin Franklin for the Assembly. The influence of the powerful 
 mind of Franklin was already beginning to be felt, he having been Clerk of 
 the Pennsylvania Assembly since 1736, and since 1750 had been a member. 
 Heartily sympathizing with the movers in the purposes of this Congress, he 
 came to Albany with a scheme of union prepared, which, having been pre- 
 sented and debated, was, on the 10th of July, adopted substantially as it came 
 from his hands. It provided for the appointment of a President General by 
 the Crown, and an Assembly of forty-eight members to be chosen by the sev- 
 eral Colonial Assemblies. The plan was rejected by both parties in interest, 
 the King considering the power vested in the representatives of the people too 
 great, and every colony rejecting it because the President General was given 
 " an influence greater than appeared to them proper in a plan of government 
 intended for freemen." 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Robert H. Morris, 1754-56— William Denny, 1756-59— James Hamilton, 1759-63. 
 
 FINDING himself in a false position by the repugnant instructions of the 
 proprietors. Gov. Hamilton had given notice in 1753, that, at the end ot 
 twelve months from its reception, he would resign. Accordingly in October, 
 1754, he was succeeded by Robert Hunter Morris, son oi Lewis Morris, Chief 
 Justice of New York and New Jersey, and Governor of New Jersey. The son 
 
^0 HSTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 -was bred a lawyer, and was for twenty-six years Councilor, and twenty Chief 
 Justice of New Jersey. The Assembly, at its first session, voted a money bill, 
 for £40,000, but not having the proviso required by the proprietoi-s, it was 
 vetoed. Determined to push military operations, the British Government had 
 called early in the year for 3,000 volunteers from Pennsylvania, with subsis- 
 tance, camp equipage and transportation, and had sent two regiments of the 
 line, under Gen. Braddock, from Cork, Ireland. Landing at Alexandria, 
 Va.,' he marched to Frederick, Md., where, finding no supphes of 
 transportation, he halted. The Assembly of Pennsylvania had voted to borrow 
 £5,000, on its own account, for the use of the crown in prosecuting the cam- 
 paign, and had sent Franklin, who was then Postmaster General for the colo- 
 nies, to Braddock to aid in prosecuting the expedition. Finding that the army 
 was stopped for lack of transportation, Franklin returned into Pennsylvania, 
 and by his commanding influence soon secured the necessary wagons and beasts 
 of burden. 
 
 Braddock had formed extravagant plans for his campaign. He would 
 march forward and reduce Fort Du Quesne, thence proceed against Fort Ni- 
 agara, which having conquered he would close a season of triumphs by the 
 capture of Fort Frontignace. But this is not the first time in warfare that 
 the result of a campaign has failed to realize the promises of the manifesto. 
 The orders brought by Braddock giving precedence of officers of the line over 
 provincials gave offense, and Washington among others threw up his commis- 
 sion; but enamored of the profession of arms, he accepted a position ofl'ered 
 him by Braddock as Aide-de-camp. Accustomed to the discipline of military 
 establishments in old, long-settled countries, Braddock had little conception of 
 making war in a wilderness with only Indian trails to move upon, and against 
 wily savages. Washington had advised to push forward with pack horses, and, 
 by rapidity of movement, forestall ample preparation. But Braddock had but 
 one way of soldiering, and where roads did not exist for wagons he stopped to 
 fell the forest and construct bridges over streams. The French, who were 
 kept advised of every movement, made ample preparations to receive him. In 
 the meantime, Washington fell sick; but intent on being up for the battle, he 
 hastened forward as soon as sufficiently recovered, and only joined the army 
 on the day before the fatal engagement. He had never seen much of the pride 
 and circumstance of war, and when, on the morning of the 9th of July, the 
 army of Braddock marched on across the Monongahela, with gay colors flying 
 and martial music awakening the echoes of the forest, he was accustomed in 
 after years to speak of it as the "most magnificent spectacle" that he had ever 
 beheld. But the gay pageant was destined to be of short duration; for the 
 army had only marched a little distance before it fell into an ambuscade skill- 
 fully laid by the French and Indians, and the forest resounded with the un- 
 earthly whoop of the Indians, and the continuous roar of musketry. The 
 advance was checked and thrown into confusion by the French from their well- 
 chosen position, and every tree upon the flanks of the long drawn out line con- 
 cealed a murderous foe, who with unerring aim picked off the officers. A res- 
 olute defense was made, and the battle raged with great fury for three hours; 
 but the fire of the English was ineffectual because directed against an invisi- 
 ble foe. Finally, the mounted officers having all fallen, killed or wounded, 
 except Washington, being left without leaders, panic seized the survivors and 
 "they ran," says Washington, "before the French and English like sheep be- 
 fore dogs." Of 1,460, in Braddock's army, 456 were killed, and 421 wounded, 
 a greater mortality, in proportion to the number engaged, than has ever oc- 
 curred in the annals of modern warfare. Sir Peter Halkett was killed, and 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 91 
 
 Braddock mortally wounded and brought oflf the field only with the greatest 
 difiaculty. When Orme and Morris, the other aids, fell, Washington acted 
 alone with the greatest gallantry. In writing to his brother, he said: "I have 
 been protected beyond all human probability or expectation; for I had four 
 bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me; yet I escaped unhurt, 
 though death was leveling my companions on every side." In after ye<ars, 
 when Washington visited the Great Kanawha country, he was approached by 
 an Indian chieftain who said that in this battle he had fired his rifle many 
 times at Washington and had told his young men to do the same; but when he 
 saw that his bullets had no apparent effect, he had bidden them to desist, be- 
 lieving that the Great Spirit was protecting him. 
 
 The panic among the survivors of the English carried them back upon the 
 reserve, commanded by Gen. Dunbar, who seems himself to have been seized 
 with it, and without attempting to renew the campaign and return to the en- 
 counter, he joined in the flight which was not stayed until Fort Cumberland 
 was reached. The French were anticipating a renewal of the struggle; but 
 when they found that the English had fled leaving the frontier all unprotected, 
 they left no stone unturned in whetting the minds of the savages for the 
 work of plunder and blood, and in organizing relentless bands to range at 
 will along all the wide frontier. The Indians could not be induced to pursue 
 the retreating English, but fell to plundering the field. Nearly everything 
 was lost, even to the camp chest of Braddock. The wounded General was 
 taken back to the summit of Laurel Hill, where, four days after, he breathed 
 his lasi He was buried in the middle of the road, and the array marched 
 over his grave that it might not be discovered or molested by the natives. 
 The eajy victory, won chiefly by the savages, served to encourage them in 
 their fell work, in which, when their passions were aroused, no known people 
 on earth were less touched by pity. The unprotected settler in his wilder- 
 ness home was the easy prey of the torch and the scalping knife, and the burn- 
 ing cabin lit up the somber forests by their continuous blaze, and the shrieks 
 of women and children resounded from the Hudson to the far Potomac Be- 
 fore the defeat of Braddock, there were 3,000 men capable of bearing arms 
 west of the Susquehanna. In six months after, there were scarcely lOO. 
 
 Gov. Morris made an earnest appeal to the Assembly for money to ward off 
 the impending enemy and protect the settlers, in response to which the As- 
 sembly voted £50,000; but having no exemption of the proprietor's estates, 
 it was rejected by the Governor, in accordance with his original instructions. 
 Expeditions undertaken against Nova 8cotia and at Crown Point were more fortu- 
 nate than that before Du Quesne, and the Assembly voted £15,000 in bills of credit 
 to aid in defraying the expense. The proprietors sent £5,000 as a gratuity, 
 not as any part of expense that could of right be claimed of them. 
 
 In this hour of extremity, the Indians for the most part showed themselves 
 u treacherous race, ever ready to take up on the stronger side. Even the Shaw- 
 anese and Delawares, who had been loudest in their protestations of friendship 
 for the English and readiness to fight for them, no sooner saw the French vic- 
 torious than they gave ready ear to their advice to strike for the recovery of 
 the lands which they had sold to the English. 
 
 In this pressing emergency, while the Governor and Assembly were waging 
 a fruitless war of words over money bills, the pen of Franklin was busy in in- 
 fusing a wholesome sentiment in the minds of the people. In a pamphlet 
 that he issued, which he put in the familiar form of a dialogue, he answered the 
 objections which had been urged to a legalized militia, and willing to show 
 his devotion by deeds as well as words, he accepted the command upon the 
 
92 HISTOllY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 frontier. By his exertions, a respectable force was raised, and though in the 
 dead of -winter, he commenced the erection of a line of forts and block-houses 
 aloQo- the whole range of the Kittatinny Hills, from the Delaware to the Po- 
 tomac, and had them completed and garrisoned with a body sufficient to with- 
 stand any force not provided with artillery. In the spring, he turned over the 
 command to Col. Clapham, and returning to Philadelphia took his seat in the 
 Assembly. The Governor now declared war against the Indians, who had es- 
 tablished their headquarters thirty miles above Harris' Ferry, on the Susque- 
 hanna, and were busy in their work of robbery and devastation, having se- 
 cured the greater portion of the crops of the previous season of the settlers 
 whom they had killed or driven out. The peace party strongly objected to the 
 course of the Governor, and voluntarily going among the Indians induced 
 them to bury the hatchet. The Assembly which met in May, 1756, prepared a 
 bill with the old clause for taxing the proprietors, as any other citizens, which 
 the Governor was forbidden to approve by his instructions, ' ' and the two 
 parties were sharpening their wits for another wrangle over it," when Gov. 
 Morris was superseded by William i)enny, who arrived in the colony and as- 
 sumed authority on the 20th of August, 1756. He was joyfully and cordially 
 received, escorted through the streets by the regiments of Franklin and Duch6, 
 and royally feasted at the State House. 
 
 But the promise of efi&cient legislation was broken by an exhibition of the 
 new Governor's instructions, which provided that every bill for the emission of 
 money must place the proceeds at the joint disposal of the Governor and As- 
 sembly; paper currency could not be issued in excess of £40,000, nor could ex- 
 isting issues be confirmed unless proprietary rents were paid in sterling 
 money ; proprietary lands were permitted to be taxed which had been actually 
 leased, provided that the taxes were paid out of the rents, but the tax could 
 not become a lien upon the land. In the first Assembly, the contention be- 
 came as acrimonious as ever. 
 
 Previous to the departure of Gov. Morris, as a retaliatory act he had 
 issued a proclamation against the hostile Indians, providing for the payment 
 of bounties: For every male Indian enemy above twelve years old, who shall 
 be taken prisoner and delivered at any forts, garrisoned by troops in pay 
 of this province, or to any of the county towns to the keepers of the common 
 jails there, the sum of one hundred and fifty Spanish dollars or pieces of eight; 
 for the scalp of every male Indian above the age of twelve years, produced as 
 evidence of their being killed, the sum of one hundred and thirty pieces of 
 eight; for every female Indian taken prisoner and brought in as aforesaid, 
 and for every male Indian under the age of twelve years, taken and brought 
 in, one hundred and thirty pieces of eight; for the scalp of every Indian 
 woman produced as evidence of their being killed, the sum of fifty pieces of 
 eight." Liberal bounties were also offered for the delivering up of settlers who 
 ha.d been carried away captive. 
 
 But the operation which had the most wholesome and pacifying effect upon 
 the savages, and caused them to stop in their mad career and consider the 
 chances of war and the punishment they were calling down upon their own 
 heads, though executed under the rule of Gov. Denny, was planned and 
 provided for, and was really a part of the aggressive and vigorous policy of 
 Gov. Morris. In response to the act of Assembly, providing for the calling 
 out and organizing the militia, twenty-five companies wero recruited, and had 
 been stationed along the line of posts that had been established for the defense 
 of the froatiers. At Kittanning, on the Allegheny Eiver, the Indians had one 
 of the largest of their towns in the State, and was a recruiting station and 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 93 
 
 rallying point for sending out their murderous bands. The plan proposed and 
 adopted by Gov. Morris, and approved and accepted by Gov. Denny, 
 was to send out a strong detachment from the militia for the reduction of this 
 stronghold. Accordingly, in August, 1756, Col. Armstrong, with a force of 
 three hundred men, made a forced march, and, arriving unperceived in the neigh- 
 borhood of the town, sent the main body by a wide detour from above, to come 
 in upon the river a few hundred yards below. At 3 o'clock on the morning of 
 the 7th of September, the troops had gained their position undiscovered, and 
 at dawn the attack was made. Shielded from view by the tall corn which cov- 
 ered all the flats, the troops were able to reach in close proximity to the cabins 
 unobserved. Jacobs, the chief, sounded the war-whoop, and made a stout re- 
 sistance, keeping up a rapid fii-e from S.i:3 loop holes in his cabin. Not desir- 
 ing to push his advantage to the issue of no quarter, Armstrong called on the 
 savages to surrender: but this they refused to do, declaring that they were 
 men and would never be prisoners. Finding that they would not yield, and 
 that they were determined to sell their lives at the dearest rate, he gave orders 
 to fire the huts, and the whole town was soon wrapt in flames. As the heat 
 began to reach the warriors, some sung, while wrung with the death agonies; 
 others broke for the river and were shot down as they fled. Jacobs, in attempt- 
 ing to climb through a window, was killed. All calls for surrender were re- 
 ceived with derision, one declaring that he did not care for death, and that he 
 could kill four or five before he died. Gunpowder, small arms and valuable 
 goods which had been distributed to them only the day before by the French, 
 fell into the hands of the victors. The triumph was complete, few if any 
 escaping to tell the sad tale. Col. Armstrong's celerity of movement and 
 well conceived and executed plan of action were publicly acknowledged, and 
 he was voted a medal and plate by the city of Philadelphia. 
 
 The finances of the colony, on account of the repeated failures of the 
 money bills, were in a deplorable condition. Military operations could not 
 be carried on and vigorous campaigns prosecuted without ready money. Ac- 
 cordingly, in the first meeting of the Assembly after the arrival of the new 
 Governor, a bill was passed levying £100,000 on all property alike, real and 
 personal, private and proprietary. This Gov. Denny vetoed. Seeing that 
 money must be had, the Assembly finally passed a bill exempting the proprie- 
 tary estates, but determined to lay their grievances before the Crown. To 
 this end, two Commissioners were appointed, Isaac Norris and Benjamin 
 Franklin, to proceed to England and beg the interference of the royal Gov- 
 ernment in their behalf. Failing health and business engagements of Norris 
 prevented his acceptance, and Franklin proceeded alone. He had so often de- 
 fended the Assembly in public and in drawing remonstrances that the whole 
 subject was at his fingers' ends. 
 
 Military operations throughout the colonies, during the year 1757, con- 
 ducted under the command of the EarJ of Loudoun were sluggish, and resulted 
 only in disaster and disgrace. The Indians were active in Pennsylvania, and 
 kept the settlers throughout nearly all the colonies in a continual ferment, 
 hostile bands stealing in upon the defenseless inhabitants as they went to 
 their plantings and sowings, and greatly interfering with or preventing alto- 
 gether the raising of the ordinary crops. In 1758, Loudoun was recalled, 
 and Gen. Abercrombie was given chief command, with "Wolfe, Amherst and 
 Forbes as his subordinates. It was determined to direct operations simul- 
 taneously upon three points — Fort Du Quesne, Louisburg and the forts upon 
 the great lakes. Gen. Forbes commanded the forces sent against Fort Du 
 Quesne. With a detachment of royal troops, and militia from Pennsylvania 
 
94 HISTORl OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 and Virginia, under command of Cols. Bouquet and Washington, his column 
 moved in July 1758. The French were well ordered for receiving the attack, 
 and the battle in front of the fort raged with great fury; but they were finally 
 driven and the fort, with its munitions, fell into the hands of the victors, and 
 was garrisoned by 400 Pennsylvanians. Returning, Forbes placed his remain- 
 ing forces in barracks at Lancaster. 
 
 Franklin, upon his arrival in England, presented the grievances before the 
 proprietors, and, that he might get his case before the royal advisers and the 
 British public, wrote frequent articles for the press, and issued a pamphlet 
 entitled " Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsyl- 
 vania." The dispute was adroitly managed by Franklin before the Privy 
 Council, and was finally decided substantially in the interest of the Assem- 
 bly. It was provided that the proprietors' estates should be taxed, but that 
 their located uncultivated lands should be assessed as low as the lowest uncul- 
 tivated lands of the settlers, that bills issued by the Assembly should be re- 
 ceivable in payment of quit rents, and that the Deputy Governor should have 
 a voice in disposing of the revenues. Thus was a vexed question of loDg 
 standing finally put to rest. So successfully had Franklin managed this con- 
 troversy that the colonies of Massachusetts, Maryland and Georgia appointed 
 him their agent in England. 
 
 In October, 1759, James Hamilton was again appointed Governor, in place 
 of Gov. Denny, who had by stress of circumstances transcended his instruc- 
 tions. The British Government, considering that the colonies had borne more 
 than their proportionate expense in carrying on the war against the French 
 and Indians, voted £200,000 for five years, to be divided among the colonies, 
 the share falling to Pennsylvania being £'26,000. On the 25th of October, 
 1760, George II died, and was succeeded by his grandson, George III. Early 
 in 1762, war was declared between Great Britain and Spain, but was of short 
 continuance, peace having been declared in November following, by which 
 Spain and France relinquished to the English substantially the territory east 
 of the Mississippi. The wise men of the various Indian nations inhabiting 
 this wide territory viewed with concern this sudden expansion of English 
 power, fearing that they would eventually be pushed from their hunting 
 grounds and pleasant haunts by the rapidly multiplying pale faces. The In- 
 dians have ever been noted for proceeding against an enemy secretly and 
 treacherously. Believing that by concerted action the English might be cut 
 off and utterly exterminated, a secret league wag entered into by the Shawa- 
 nese and the tribes dwelling along the Ohio River, under the leadership of a 
 powerful chieftain, Pontiac, by which swift destruction was everywhere to be 
 meted out to the white man upon an hour of an appointed day. The plan was 
 thoroughly understood by the red men, and heartily entered into. The day 
 dawned and the blow fell in May, 1763. The forts at Presque Isle, Le Boeuf, 
 Venango, La Ray, St. Joseph's, Miamis, Onaothtanon, Sandusky and Michili- 
 mackinack, all fell before the unanticipated attacks of tho savages who were 
 making protestations of friendship, and the garrisons were put to the slaugh- 
 ter. Fort Pitt (Du Quesne), Niagara and Detroit alone, of all this line of 
 forts, held out. Pontiac in person conducted the siege of Detroit, which he 
 vigorously pushed from May until October, paying his warriors with promises 
 written on bits of birch bark, which he subsequently religiously redeemed. It is 
 an evidence of his great power that he could unite his people in so gen- 
 eral and secretly kept a compact, and that in this siege of Detroit he was able 
 to hold his warriors up to the work so long and so vigorously even after all hope 
 of success must have reasonably been abandoned. The attack fell with great 
 
HISTORV OF PENNSYLVANIA. 95 
 
 severity upon the Pennsylvania settlers, and they continued to be driven in 
 until Shippensbung, in Cumberland County, became the extreme outpost of 
 civilization. The savages stole unawares upon the laborers in the fields, or 
 came stealthily in at the midnight hour and spared neither trembling age nor 
 helpless infancy, firing houses, barns, crops and everything combustible. 
 The suffering of the frontiersmen in this fatal year can scarcely be conceived. 
 
 Col. Armstrong with a hastily collected force advanced upon their towns 
 and forts at Muncy and Great Island, which he destroyed; but the Indians 
 escaped and withdrew before him. He sent a detachment under Col. Bouquet 
 to the relief of Fort Pitt, which still held put, though closely invested by the 
 dusky warriors. At Fort Ligonier, Bouquet halted and sent forward thirty 
 men, who stealthily pushed past the Indians under cover of night, and reached 
 the fort, carrying intelligence that succor was at hand. Discovering that a 
 force was advancing upon them, the Indians turned upon the troops of Bou- 
 quet, and before he was aware that an enemy was near, he found himself sur- 
 rounded and all means of escape apparently cut off. By a skillfully laid 
 ambuscade. Bouquet, sending a small detachment to steal away as if in retreat, 
 induced the Indians to follow, and when stretched out in pursuit, the~ main 
 body in concealment fell upon the unsuspecting savages, and routed them with 
 immense slaughter, when he advanced to the relief of the fort unchecked. 
 
 As we have already seen, the boundary line between Maryland and Penn- 
 sylvania had long been in dispute, and had occasioned serious disturbances 
 among the settlers in the lifetime of Perm, and repeatedly since. It was not 
 definitely settled till 1760, when a beginning was made of a final adjustment, 
 though so intricate were the comditione that the work was prosecuted for seven 
 years by a large force of surveyors, axmen and pioneers. The charter of Lord 
 Baltimore made the northern boundary of Maryland the 40tli degree of lati- 
 tude; but whether the beginning or end of the 40th was not specified. The 
 charter of Penn, which was subsequent, made his southern boundary the 
 beginning of the 40th parallel. If, as Lord Baltimore claimed, his northern 
 boundary was the end of the 40th, then the city of Philadelphia and all the 
 settled parts of Pennsylvania would have been included in Maryland. If, as 
 Penn claimed by express terms of his charter, his southern line was the begin- 
 ning of the 40th, then the city of Baltimore, and even a part of the District of 
 Columbia, including nearly the whole of Maryland would have been swal- 
 lowed up by Pennsylvania. It was evident to the royal Council that neither 
 claim could be rightfully allowed, and nence resort was had to compromise. 
 Penn insisted upon retaining free comrjunication with the open ocean by the 
 Delaware Bay. Accordingly, it was decided that beginning at Cape Henlopen, 
 which by mistake in marking the maps was fifteen miles below the present 
 location, opposite Cape May, a line should be run due west to a point half way 
 between this cape and the shore of Chesapeake Bay; from this point " a line 
 was to be run northerly in such direction that it should be tangent on the west 
 side to a circle with a radius of twelve miles, whose center was the center of 
 the court house at New Castle. From the exact tangent point, a line was to be 
 run due north until it should reach a point fifteen miles south on the parallel 
 of latitude of the most southern point in the boundary of the city of Phila- 
 delphia, and this point when accurately found by horizontal measurement, was 
 to be the corner bound between Maryland and Pennsylvania, and subsequently, 
 when Delaware was set off from Pennsylvania, was the boundary of the three 
 States. From this bound a line was to be run due west five degrees of longi- 
 tude from the Delaware, which was to be the western limit of Pennsylvania, 
 and the line thus ascertained was to mark the division between Maryland and 
 
96 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Pennsylvania, and forever settle the vexed question. If the due north line 
 should cut any part of the circle about New Castle, the slice so cut should be- 
 long to New Castle. Such a segment was cut. This plan of settlement was 
 entered into on the lOth of May, 1732, between Thomas and Richard, sons of 
 William Penn, on the one part, and Charles, Lord Baltimore, great-grandson 
 of the patentee. But the actual marking of the boundaries was still deferred, 
 and as the settlers were taking out patents for their lands, it was necessary 
 that it should be definitely known in which State the lands lay. Accordingly, 
 in 1739, in obedience to a decree in Council, a temporary line was run upon a 
 new basis, which now often appears in litigations to plague the brain of the 
 
 attorney- 
 Commissioners were again appointed in 1751, who made a few of the 
 measurements, but owing to objections raised on the part of Maryland, the 
 work was abandoned. Finally, the proprietors, Thomas and Kichard Penn, 
 and Frederic, Lord Baltimore, entered into an agreement for the executing of 
 the survey, and John Lukens and Archibald McLean on the part of the Penns, 
 and Thomas Garnett and Jonathan Hall on the part of Lord Baltimore, were 
 appointed with a suitable corps of assistants to lay off the lines. After these 
 surveyors had been three yeai-s at work, the proprietors in England, thinking 
 that there was not enough energy and practical and scientific knowledge mani- 
 fested by these surveyors, appointed Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, two 
 mathematicians and surveyors, to proceed to America and take charge of the 
 work. They brought with them the most perfect and best constructed instru- 
 ments known to science, arriving in Philadelphia on the 15th of November, 
 1763, and, assisted by some of the old surveyors, entered upon their work. By 
 the 4th of June, 1766, they had reached the summit of the Little Allegheny, 
 when the Indi.ins began to be troublesome. They looked with an evil eye on 
 the mathematical and astronomical instruments, and felt a secret dread and 
 fear of the consequences of the frequent and long -continued peering into the 
 heavens. The Six Nations were understood to be inimical to the further prog- 
 ress of the survey. But through the influence of Sir William Johnson a 
 treaty was concluded, providing for the prosecution of the work unmolested, 
 and a number of chieftains were sent to accompany the surveying party. 
 Mason and Dixon now had with them thirty surveyors, fifteen axmen, and fif- 
 teen Indians of consequence. Again the attitude of the Indians gave cause of 
 fear, and on the 29th of September, twenty-six of the surveyors abandoned the 
 expedition and returned to Philadelphia. Having reached a point 244 miles 
 from the Delaware, and within thirty-six miles of the western limit of the 
 State, in the bottom of a deep, dark valley, they came upon a well-worn 
 Indian path, and here the Indians gave notice that it was the will of the Six 
 Nations that this su-rvey proceed no further. There was no questioning this 
 authority, and no means at command for resisting, and accordingly the party 
 broke up and returned to Philadelphia. And this was the end of Ihe labors of 
 Mdson and Dixon upon this boundary. From the fact that this was subse- 
 quently the mark of division between the Free and Slave States, Mason and 
 Dixon's line became familiar im American politics. The line was marked by 
 stones which were quarried and engraved in England, on one side having the 
 arms of Penn, and on the opposite those of Lord Baltimore. These stones 
 were firmly set every five miles. At the end of each intermediate mile a 
 smaller stone was placed, having on one side engraved the letter P., and on the 
 opposite side the letter M. The remainder of the line was finished and marked 
 m 1782-84 by other surveyors. A vista was cut through the forest eight yards in 
 width the whole distance, which seemed in looking back through it to come to a 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 97 
 
 point at the distance of two miles. In 1849, the stone at the northeast corner 
 of Maryland having been removed, a resurvey of the line was ordered, and 
 suryeyors were appointed by the three States of Pennsylvania, Delaware and 
 Maryland, who called to their aid Col. James D. Graham. Some few errors 
 were discovered in the old survey, but in the main it was found to be accurate. 
 John Penn, grandson of the founder, and son of Richard, had come to the 
 colony in 1753, and, having acted as President of the Council, was, in 1763, 
 commissioned Governor in place of Hamilton. The conspira-cy of Pontiac, 
 though abortive in the results contemplated, left the minds of the Indians in 
 a most dangerous state. The more resolute, who had entered heartily into the 
 views of their leader, still felt that his purposes were patriotic, and hence 
 sought, by every means possible, to ravage and destroy the English settlements. 
 The Moravian Indians at Nain and Wichetunk, though regarded as friendly, 
 were suspected of indirectly aiding in the savage warfare by trading iirearms 
 and ammunition. They were accordingly removed to Philadelphia that they 
 might be out of the way of temptation. At the old Indian town of Conestoga 
 there lived some score of natives. Many heartless murders had been com- 
 mitted along the frontier, and the perpetrators had been traced to this Con- 
 estoga town ; and while the Conestoga band were not known to be impli- 
 cated in these outrages, their town was regarded as the lurking place of roving 
 savages who were. For protection, the settlers in the neighboring districts of 
 Paxton and Donegal, had organized a band known as thePaxton boys. Earnest 
 requests were made by Bev. John Elder and John Harris to the Government 
 to remove this band at Conestoga ; but as nothing was done, and fearful 
 depredations and slaughter continued, a party of these Paxton rangers attacked 
 the town and put the savages to the sword. Some few escaped, among them a 
 known bloodthirsty savage, who were taken into the jail at Lancaster for pro- 
 tection ; but the rangers, following them, overpowered the jailer, and breaking 
 into tha jail murdered the fugitives. Intense excitement was occasioned by 
 this outbreak, and Gov. Penn issued his proclamation offering rewards for the 
 apprehension of the perpetrators. Some few were taken ; but so excellent was 
 their character and standing, and such were the provocations, that no convic- 
 tions followed. Apprehensions for the safety of the Moravian Indians induced 
 the Government to remove them to Province Island, and, feeling insecure 
 there, they asked to be sent to England. For safety, they were sent to New 
 York, but the Governor of that province refused them permission to laud, as 
 did also the Governor of New Jersey, and they were brought back to Philadel- 
 phia and put in barracks under strong guard. The Paxton boys, in a consider- 
 able body, were at that time at Germantown interceding for their brethren, 
 who were then in durance and threatened with trial. Franklin was sent out 
 io confer with them on the part of the Government. In defending their course, 
 they said : " Whilst more than a thousand families, reduced to extreme dis- 
 tress, during the last and present war, by the attacks of skulking parties of 
 Indians upon the frontier, were destitute, and were suffered by the public to 
 depend on private charity, a hundred and twenty of the perpetrators of the 
 most horrid barbarities were supported by the province, and protected from 
 the fury of the brave relatives of the murdered." Influenced by the persua- 
 sions of Franklin, they consented to return to their homes, leaving only 
 Matthew Smith and James Gibson to represent them before the courts. 
 
98 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 OHAPTEE XI. 
 
 John Penn, 1763-71— James Hamilton, 1771— Eichard Penn, 1771-73— John 
 
 Penn, 1778-76. 
 
 A DIFFERENCE having arisen between the Governor and Assembly on the 
 vexed question of levying money, the Assembly passed a series of reso- 
 lutions advocating that the " powers of government ought to be separated from 
 the power attending the immense proprietary property, and lodged in the 
 hands of the King. " After an interval of fifty days — that time for reflection 
 and discussion might be given — the Assembly again convened, and adopted a 
 petition praying the King to assume the direct government of the province, 
 though this policy was strongly opposed by some of the ablest members, as 
 Isaac Norris and John Dickinson. The Quaker element was generally in 
 favor of the change. 
 
 Indian barbarities still continuing along the frontier, Gov. Penn declared 
 war against the Shawanese and Delawares in July, 1765, and sent Col. Bouquet 
 with a body of Pennsylvania troops against them. By the 3d of October, he 
 had come up to the Muskingum, in the heart of the most thickly peopled 
 Indian territory. So rapid had been the movement of Bouquet that the savages 
 had no intelligence of his advance until he was upon them with no preparations 
 for defense. They sued for peace, and a treaty was entered into by which the 
 savages agreed to abstain from further hostilities until a general treaty could 
 be concluded with Sir William Jolmson, the general agent for Indian affairs 
 for all the coloaies, and to deliver up all English captives who had been carried 
 away during the years of trouble. Two hundred and eight were quickly 
 gathered up and brought in, and many others were to follow, who were now 
 widely scattered. The relatives of many of these captives had proceeded with 
 the train of Bouquet, intent on reclaiming those who had been dear to them. 
 Some were joyfully received, while others who had been borne off in youth had 
 become attached to their captors, and force was necessary to bring them away. 
 " On the return of the army, some of the Indians obtained leave to accompany 
 their former captives to Fort Pitt, and employed themselves in hunting and 
 carrying provisions for them on the road. " 
 
 The great struggle for the independence of the colonies of the British 
 crown was now close at hand, and the first sounds of the controversy were be- 
 ginning to be heard. Sir William Keith, that enterprising Governor whose 
 head seemed to have been full of new projects, as early as 1739 had proposed 
 to lay a uniform tax on stamped paper in all the colonies, to realize funds for 
 the common defense. Acting upon this hint, Grenville, the British Minister, 
 notified the colonists in 1763 of his purpose to impose such a tax. Against 
 this they remonstrated. Instead of this, a tax on imports, to be paid in coin, 
 was adopted. This was even more distasteful. The Assembly of Rhode 
 Island, in October, 1765, submitted a paper to all the colonial assemblies, with 
 a view to uniting in a common petition to the King against parliamentary 
 taxation. This was favorably acted on by the Assembly of Pennsylvania, and 
 Franklin was appointed agent to represent their caase before the British Par- 
 liament. The Stamp Act had been passed on the 22d of March, 1765. Its 
 passage excited bitter opposition, and a resolution, asserting that the Colonial 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 99 
 
 Assemblies had the exclusive right to levy taxes, was passed by the Virginia 
 Assembly, and concurred in by all the others. The Massachusetts Assembly 
 proposed a meeting of delegates in New York on the second Tuesday of October, 
 1765, to confer upon the subject. The Pennsylvania Assembly adopted the 
 suggestion, and appointed Messrs. Fox, Morton, Bryan and Dickenson as dele- 
 gates. This Congress met according to the call and adopted a respectful pe- 
 tition to the King, and a memorial to Parliament, which were signed by all 
 the members and forwarded for presentation by the Colonial Agents in En- 
 gland. The Stamp Act was to go into effect on the 1st of November. On the 
 last day of October, the newspapers were dressed in mourning, and suspended 
 publication. The publishers agreed not to use the stamped paper. The 
 people, as with one mind, determined to dress in homespun, resolved not to 
 use impoiied goods, and, to stimulate the production of wool the colonists cov- 
 enanted not to eat lamb for the space of one year. The result of this policy 
 was soon felt by British manufacturers who became clamorous for repeal of 
 the obnoxious measures, and it was accordingly repealed on the 18th of March, 
 1766. 
 
 Determined in some form to draw a revenue from the colonies, an act was 
 passed in 1767, to lay a duty on tea, paper, printers' colors, and glass. The As- 
 sembly of Pennsylvania passed a resolution on the- 20th of February, 1768, 
 instructing its agent in London to urge its repeal, and at the session in May 
 received and entered upon its minutes a circular letter from the Massaohudetts 
 Assembly, setting forth the grounds on which objection to the act should be 
 urged. This circular occasioned hostile feeling among the ministry, and the 
 Secretary for foreign affairs wrote to Gov. Penn to urge the Assembly to 
 take no notice of it; but if they approved its sentiments, to prorogue their 
 sittings. This letter was transmitted to the Asbembly, and soon after one 
 from the Virginia Assembly was presented, urging union of all the colonies 
 in opposing the several schemes of taxation. This recommendation was 
 adopted, and committees appointed to draw a petition to the King and to each 
 of the Houses of Parliament. To lead public sentiment, and have it well 
 grounded in the arguments used against taxation, John Dickinson, one of the 
 {iblest of the Pennsylvania legislators at this time, published a number of 
 articles purporting to come from a plain farmer, under the title of the Farmer's 
 Letters, which became popular, the idea that they were the work of one in 
 humble li fe, helping to swell the tide of popularity. They were republished 
 in all the colonies, and exerted a commanding influence. Alarmed at the 
 unanimity 'of feeling against the proposed schemes, and supposing that it was 
 the amount of the tax that gave offense, Parliament reduced the rate in 1769 
 to one sixth of the original sum, and in 1770 abolished it altogether, except 
 three pence a pound on tea But it was the principle, and not the amoant 
 that was objected to, and at the next session of the Assembly in Pennsylvania, 
 their agent in London was directed to urge its repeal altogether. 
 
 It would seem incredible that the colony of Connecticat should lay claim 
 to any part of the territory of Pennsylvania, but so it was. The New En- 
 gland charters gave limitless extent westward even to the shores of the Pacific 
 Ocean, and south to the northern limits of the tract ceded to Lord Baltimore — 
 the territory between the 40th and 46th degrees of north latitude, and from 
 ocean to ocean. To encroach upon New York with its teaming popu- 
 lation was not calculated to tempt the enterprise of the settler; but 
 the rich virgin soil, and agreeable climate of the wide Wyoming Val- 
 ley, as yet uiiappropriated, was likely to attract the eye of the explorer. 
 Accordingly, at the general conference with the Indians held at Albany 
 
100 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 in 1754, the Connecticut delegates made a purchase of a large tract in 
 this valley ; a company, known as the Susquehanna Company, was formed in 
 Connecticut to promote the settlement of these lands, and a considerable im- 
 migration commenced. The proprietors of Pennsylvania had also made pur- 
 chase of the Indians of these identical lands, and the royal charters of Charles 
 and James covered this ground. But the Plymouth Charter antedated Penn's. 
 Eemonstrances were made to the Governor of Connecticut against encroach- 
 ments upon the territory of Pennsylvania. The answer returned was under- 
 stood to disclaim any control over the company by the Connecticut authorities; 
 but it subsequently appeared that the Government was determined to defend 
 the settlers in the possession of their lands. In 1768, the proprietors of Penn- 
 sylvania entered into treaty stipulations with the Indians for all this tract cov- 
 ered by the claim of the Susquehanna Company. Pennsylvania settlers, 
 attracted by the beauty of the place, gradually acquired lands under Penn- 
 sylvania patents, and the two parties began to infringe on each other's claims. 
 Ports and block-houses were erected for the protection of either party, and a 
 petty warfare was kept up, which resulted in some loss of life. Butler, the 
 leader of the Connecticut party, proposed to settle their differences by per- 
 sonal combat of thirty picked men on each side. In order to assert more direct 
 legal control over the settlers, a new county was formed which was called 
 Northumberland, that embraced all the disputed lands. But the Sheriff, even 
 with the aid of the militia, which he called to his assistance, was unable to 
 execute his processes, and exercise legal control, the New Englanders, proving 
 a resolute set, determined to hold the splendid farms which they had marked 
 out for themselves, and were bringing rapidly under cultivation. To the re- 
 monstrances of Gov. Penn, Gov. Trumbull responded that the Susquehanna Com- 
 pany was proceeding in good faith under provisions secured by the charter of 
 the Plymouth Colony, and proposed that the question be submitted to a com- 
 petent tribunal for arbitrament. An ex parte statement was submitted to 
 Council in London by the Connecticut party, and an opinion was rendered 
 favorable to its claims. In September, 1775, the matter was submitted to the 
 Continental Congress, and a committee of that body, to whom it was referred, 
 reported in favor of the Connecticut claim, apportioning a tract out of the 
 very bowels of Pennsylvania nearly as large as the whole State of Connecticut. 
 This action was promptly rejected by the Assembly of Pennsylvania, and a 
 final decision was not reached until 1802, when Congress decided in favor of 
 the integrity of the chartered rights of Penn. 
 
 Eichard Penn, son of the founder, died in 1771, whereupon Gov. John 
 Penn returned to England, leaving the President of the Council, James Ham- 
 ilton, at the head of the Government. John Penn, eldest son of Richard, suc- 
 ceeded to the proprietary interests of his father, which he held in conjunction 
 with his uncle, Thomas, and in October of the same year, Kichard, the second 
 son, was commissioned Governor. He held the office but about two years, and 
 in that tinie won the confidence and esteem of the people, and so much attached 
 was he to the popular cause, that upon his return to England, in 1775, he was 
 intrusted by Congress with the last petition of the colonies ever presented to 
 the King. In August, 1773, John Penn returned with the commission of 
 Governor, superseding his brother Richard. Soon after his arrival, the Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore, issued his proclamation, laying claim to a 
 vast territory in the MoQongalia Valley, including the site of the present 
 city of Pittsburgh, and upon the withdrawal of the British garrison, one Con- 
 nolly had taken possession of it in the name of Virginia. Gov. Penn issued a 
 counter-proclamation, calling on all good citizens within the borders of Penn- 
 
HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 101 
 
 sylvania, to preserve their allegiance to his Government, seized and imprisoned 
 Connolly, and sent Commissioners to Virginia co effect an amicable settlement. 
 These, Dunmore refused to hear, and was preparing to assert his authority by 
 force; but his Council refused to vote him tuoney for this purpose. 
 
 To encourage the sale of tea in the colonies, and establish the principle of 
 taxation, the export duty was removed. The colonies took the alarm. At a 
 public meeting called in Philadelphia to consider the subject, on the 18th of 
 October, 1773, resolutions were adopted in which it was declared : " That the 
 disposal of their own property is the inherent right of freemen; that there can 
 be no property in that which another can, of right, take from us without our 
 consent; that the claim of Parliament to tax America, is, in other words, a claim 
 of right to levy contributions on us at pleasure.'' The Bast India Company 
 now made preparations for sending large importations of tea into the colonies. 
 The ships destined for Philadelphia and New York, on approaching port, and 
 being advised of the exasperated state of public feeling, returned to England 
 with their cargoes. Those sent to Boston cam6 into the harbor; but at night a 
 party disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded the vessels, and breaking open 
 the packages, emptied 300 chests into the sea. The ministry, on being apprised 
 of this act, closed the port of Boston, and subverted the colonial charter. 
 Early in the year, committees of correspondence had been established in all 
 the colonies, by means of which the temper and feeling in each was well un- 
 derstood by the others, and concert of action was secured. The hard condi- 
 tions imposed on the town of Boston and the colony of Massachusetts Bay, 
 aroused the sympathy of all ; for, they argued, we know not how soon the heavy 
 hand of oppression may be felt by any of us. Philadelphia declared at a pub- 
 lic meeting that the people of Pennsylvania would continue firmly to adhere 
 to the cause of American liberty, and urged the calling of a Congress of dele- 
 gates to consider the general interests. 
 
 At 1 meeting held in Philadelphia on the 18th of June, 1774, at which 
 nearly 8,000 people were convened, it was decided that a Continental Congress 
 ought to be held, and appointed a committee of correspondence to communi- 
 cate with similar committees in the several counties of Pennsylvania and in the 
 several colonies. On the 15th of July, 1774, delegates from all the counties, 
 summoned by this committee, assembled in Philadelphia, and declared that 
 there existed an absolute necessity for a Colonial Congress. They accordingly 
 recommended that the Assembly appoint delegates to such a Congress to 
 represent Pennsylvania, and Joseph Galloway, Samuel Rhoads, George Eoss, 
 Edward Biddle, John Dickinson, Charles Humphries and Thomas Mifflin were " 
 appointed. 
 
 On the 4th of Septemoer, 1774, the first Continental Congress assembled m 
 Philadelphia. Peyton Bandolph, of Virginia, was called to preside, and 
 Charles Thomson, of Pennsylvania, was appointed Secretary. It was resolved 
 that no more goods be imported from England, and that unless a pacification 
 was effected previously, no more Colonial produce of the soil be exported 
 thither after September 10, 1775. A declaration of rights was adopted, and 
 addresses to the King, the people of Great Britain, and of British America 
 were agreed to, after which the Congress adjourned to meet again on the 10th 
 of May, 1775, 
 
 In January, 1775, another meeting of the county delegates was held in 
 Philadelphia, at which the action of the Colonial Congress was approved, and 
 while a restoration of harmony with the mother country was desired, yet if 
 the arbitiary acts of Parliament were persisted in, they would at every hazard 
 defend the "rights and liberties of America." The delegates appointed to 
 
102 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 represent the colony in the Second Congress were Mifflin, Humphries, Biddle, 
 Dickinson, Morton, Franklin, Wilson and Willing. 
 
 The government of Great Britain had determined with a strong hand to 
 compel obedience to its behests. On the 19th of April, 1775, was fought the 
 battle of Lexington, and the crimson fountain was opened. That blow was 
 felt alike through all the colonies. The cause of one was the cause of all. 
 A public meeting was held in Philadelphia, at which it was resolved to organize 
 military companies in all the counties. The Assembly heartily seconded these 
 views, and engaged to provide for the pay of the militia while in service. 
 The Second Congress, which met in May, provided for organizing a continental 
 army, fixing the quota for Pennsylvania at 4,300 men. The Assembly adopted 
 the recommendation of Congress, provided for arming, disciplining and pay- 
 ing the militia, recommended the organizing miuutemen for service in an 
 emergency, made appropriations for the defense of the city, and oifered a pre- 
 mium on the production of salt peter. Complications hourly thickened. Ticon- 
 deroga was captured on the 10th of May, and the battle of Bunker Hill was 
 fought on the 17th of June. On the 15th .of June, George Washington was 
 appointed Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, supported by four 
 Major Generals and eight Brigadiers. 
 
 The royal Governors were now an incumbrance greatly in the way of the 
 popular movement, as were also the Assemblies where they refused to represent 
 the popular will. Accordingly, Congress recommended that the several col- 
 onies should adopt such government as should " best conduce to the happiness 
 and safety of their constituents in particular and America in general." This 
 meant that each colony should set up a government for itself independent of 
 the Crown. Accordingly, a public meeting was held in Philadelphia, at 
 which it was resolved that the present Assembly is " not competent to the pres- 
 ent exigencies of affairs," and that a new form of government ought to bo 
 adopted as recommended by Congress. The city committee of correspondence 
 called on the county committees to secure the election of delegates to a colonial 
 meeting for the purpose of considering this subject. On the 18th of June, 
 the meeting was held in Philadelphia, and was organized by electing Thomas 
 McKean President. It resolved to call a convention to frame a new con- 
 stitution, provided the legal forms to be observed, and issued an address to 
 the people. 
 
 Having thus by frequent argumentation grown familiar with the declara- 
 tion of the inherent rights of every citizen, and with flatly declaring to the 
 government of Great Britain that it had no right to pursue this policy or that, 
 and the several States having been recommended to absolve themselves from 
 allegience to the royal governments, and set up independent colonial govern- 
 ments of their own, it was a natural inference, and but a step further, to de- 
 clare the colonies entirely independent of the British Government, and to or- 
 ganize for themselves a general continental government to hold the place of King 
 and Parliament. The idea of independence had been seriously proposed, and 
 several Colonial Assemblies had passed resolutions strongly recommending it. 
 And yet there were those of age and experience who had supported independ- 
 ent principles in the stages of argumentation, before action was demanded, 
 when they approached the brink of the fatal chasm, and had to decide 
 whether to take the leap, hesitated. There were those in the Assembly of 
 Pennsylvania who were reluctant to advise independence; but the majority 
 voted to recommend its delegates to unite with the other colonies for the com- 
 mon good. The convention which had provided for holding a meeting of del- 
 egates to frame a new constitution, voted in favor of independence, and au- 
 thorized the raising of 6,000 militia. 
 
HISTORY OF P:ENNSrLVANIA. ]03 
 
 On the 7th of June, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, introduced in 
 Congress th.e proposition that, "the United Colonies are, and of right ought to 
 be, free and independent States, and that all political connection between 
 them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. " 
 It was impossible to mistake or misinterpret the meaning of this language. 
 The issue was fairly made up. It was warmly discussed. John Dickmson, 
 one of the Pennsylvania delegates, and one who had been foremost in speak- 
 ing and writing on the popular side, was not ready to cut off all hope of rec- 
 onciliation, and depicted the disorganized condition in which the colonies 
 would be left if the power and protection of Britain were thus suddenly re- 
 moved. The vote upon the resolution was taken on the 2d of July, and re- 
 sulted in the affirmative vote of all the States except Pennsylvania and 
 Delaware, the delegates from these States being divided. A committee con- 
 sisting of Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, Livingston and Sherman had been, some 
 time previous, appointed to draw a formal statement of the Declaration, and 
 the reasons "out of a decent respect to the opinions of mankind," which led 
 to so important an act. The work was intrusted to a sub-committee consisting of 
 Adams and Jefferson, and its composition was the work of Mr. Jefferson, though 
 many of the ideas, and even the forms of expression, had been used ao^ain and 
 again in the previous resolutions and pronunciamentoes of the Colonial Assem- 
 blies and public meetings. It had been reported on the 28th of June, and was 
 sharply considered in all its parts, many verbal alterations having been made in 
 the committee of five; but after the passage of the preliminary resolution, the 
 result was a foregone conclusion, and on the 4th of July it was finally adopted 
 and proclaimed to the world. Of the Pennsylvania delegation, Franklin, 
 Wilson and Morton voted for it, and Willing and Humphrey against, Dickin- 
 son being absent. The colonial convention of Pennsylvania, being in session 
 at the time, on receiving intelligence that a majority of its delegates in Con- 
 gress had voted against the preliminary resolution, named a new delegation, 
 omitting the names of Dickinson, Willing and Humphrey, and adding others 
 which made it thus constituted — Franklin, Wilson, Morton, Morris, Clvmer, 
 Smith, Taylor and Boss. An engrossed copy of the Declaration was made, 
 which was signed by all the members on the 2d of August following, on 
 which are found the names from Pennsylvania above recited. 
 
 The convention for framing a new constitution for the colony met on the 
 15th of July, and was organized by electing Franklin President, and on the 
 28th of September completed its labors, having framed a new organic law 
 and made all necessary provisions for putting it into operation. In the mean- 
 time the old proprietary Assembly adjourned on the 14th of June to the 26th 
 of August. But a quorum failed to appear, and an adjournment was had to 
 the 23d of September, when some routine business was attended to, chiefly 
 providing for the payment of salaries and necessary bills, and on the 28th of 
 September, after a stormy existence of nearly a century, this Assembly, the 
 creature of Penn, adjourned never to meet again. With the ending of the As- 
 sembly ended the power of Gov. Penn. It is a singular circumstance, much 
 noted by the believers in signs, that on the day of his arrival in America, 
 which was Sunday, the earth in that locality was rooked by an earthquake, 
 which was inteipreted as an evil omen to his administration. He married the 
 daughter of William Allen, Chief Justice of the colony, and, though at times 
 falling under suspicion of favoring the royal cause, yet, as was believed, not 
 with reason, he remained a quiet spectator of the great struggle, living at his 
 country seat in Bucks County, where he died in February, 1795. 
 
 The titles of the proprietors to landed estates were suspended by the action 
 
-[Q4 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Uie^nths o£ manorB. The British GoverniBent, in 1790, m consideration of 
 Se S that it had been unable to vindicate its authority oyer the colony, and 
 afford protection to the proprietors in the enjoyment of heir chartered rights^ 
 S anannuity of £4,000to the heirs and descendants of Penn. ThiBannuiJy 
 has been regularly paid to the present time, 1«S4. 
 
 OHAPTEK XIL 
 
 Thomas Whaeton Je., 1777-78— Gkoege Beyan, 1778— Joseph Reed, 1778-81— 
 
 mLLIAM MOOBE. i781-82-JOHN DICKINSON, 1782-85-BeNJAMIN FeANKLIN, 
 1785-88. 
 
 THE convention which framed the constitution appointed a Committee of 
 Safety, consisting of twenty-five members, to whom was intrusted the 
 government of the colony until the proposed conetitution shoula be framed Mid 
 put in operation. Thomas Rittenhouse was chosen President of this body, 
 who was consequently in effect Governor. The new constitution, which was 
 unanimously adopted on the 28th of September, was to take effect from its 
 passage. It provided for an Assembly to be elected annually; a Supreme Ex- 
 ecutive Council of twelve members to be elected for a term of three years; As- 
 semblymen to be eligible but four years out of seven, and Councilmen but 
 one term in seven years. Members of Congress were chosen by the Assembly. 
 The constitution could not be changed for seven years. It provided for the 
 election of censors every seven years, who were to decide whether there was 
 a demand for its revision. If so, they were to call a ponvention for the pur- 
 pose. On the 6th of August, 1776, Thomas Wharton, Jr., was chosen Presi- 
 dent of the Council of Safety. 
 
 The struggle with the parent country was now fully inaugurated. The 
 Britirih Parliament had declared the colonists rebels, had voted a force of 
 55,000 men, and in addition had hired 17,000 Hessian soldiers, to subdue them. 
 The Congress on its part had declared the objects for which arms had been 
 taken up, and had issued bills of credit to the amount of $6,000,000. Par- 
 liament had resolved upon a vigorous campaign, to strike heavy and rapid 
 blows, and quickly end the war. The first campaign had been conducted in 
 Massachusetts, and by the efficient conduct of Washington, Qen. Howe, the 
 leader of the British, was compelled to capitulate and withdraw to Halifax in 
 March, 1776. On the 28th of June, Sir Henry Clinton, with a strong detach- 
 ment, in conjunction with Sir Peter Parker of the navy, made a combined 
 land and naval attack upon the defenses of Charleston Harbor, where he was 
 met by Gen. William Moultrie, with the Carolina Militia, and after a severe 
 battle, in which the British fleet was roughly handled, Clinton withdrew and 
 returned to New York, whither the main body of the British Army, under Gen. 
 Howe, had come, and where Admiral Lord Howe, with a large fleet directly 
 from England, joined them. To this formidable power led by the best talent 
 in the British Army, Washington could muster no adequate force to oppose, 
 and he was obliged to withdraw from Long Island, from New York, from 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA 105 
 
 Harlem, from White Plains, to cross into New Jersey, and abandon position 
 after position, until he had reached the right bank of the Delaware on Penn- 
 sylvania soil. A heavy detachment under Cornwallis followed, and would 
 have crossed the Delaware in pursuit, but advised to a cautious policy by 
 Howe, he waited for ice to form on the waters of the Delaware before passing 
 over. The fall of Philadelphia now seemed imminent. Washington had not 
 sufficient force to face the whole power of the British A.rmy. On the 2d of 
 December, the Supreme Council ordered all places of business in the city to 
 be closed, the schools to be dismissed, and advised preparation for removing 
 the women and children and valuables. On the 12th, the Congress which was 
 in session here adjourned to meet in Baltimore, taking with them all papers 
 and public records, and leaving a committee, of which Robert Morris waa 
 Chairman, to act in conjunction with Washington for the safety of the place. 
 Gen. Putnam was dispatched on the same day with a detachment of soldier» 
 to take command in the city. 
 
 In this emergency the Council issued a stirring address: "If yoa wish 
 to live in freedom, and are determined to maintain that best boon of heaven, 
 you have no time to deliberata A manly resistance will secure every bless- 
 ing, inactivity and sloth will bring horror and destruction. * « * M.a,y 
 heaven, which has bestowed the blessings of liberty upon you, awaken you to 
 a proper sense of your danger and arouse that manly spirit of virtuous resolu- 
 tion which has ever bidden defiance to the efforts of tyranny. May you ever 
 have the glorious prize of liberty in view, and bear with a becoming fortitude 
 the fatigues and severities of a vfinter campaign. That, and that only, will 
 entitle you to the superlative distinction of being deemed, under God, the 
 deliverers of your country." Such were the arguments which our fathers 
 made use of in conducting the struggle against the British Empire. 
 
 Washington, who had, from the opening of the campaign before New 
 York, haen obliged for the mpst part to act upon the defensive, formed the 
 plan to suddenly turn upon his pursuers and offer battle. Accordingly, on 
 the night of the '25th of December, taking a picked body of men, he moved up 
 several miles to Taylorsville, where he crossed the river, though at flood tide 
 and filled with floating ice, and moving down to Trenton, where a detachment 
 of the British Army was posted, made a bold and vigorous attack. Taken by 
 sittprise, though now after sunrise, the battle was soon decided in favor of 
 the Americans. Some fifty of the enemy were slain and over a thousand 
 taken prisoners, with quantities of arms, ammunition and stores captured. A 
 triumphal entry was made at Philadelphia, when the prisoners and the spoils, 
 of war moved through the streets under guard of the victorious troops, and 
 were marched away to the prison camp at Lancaster. Washington, who was 
 smarting under a forced inactivity, by reason of paucity of numbers and lack 
 of arms and material, and who had been forced coastantly to retire before a 
 defiant foe, now took courage. His name was upon every tongue, and foreign 
 Governments were disposed to give the States a fair chance in their struggle 
 for nationality. The lukewarm were encouraged to enlist under the banner of 
 freedom. It had great strategic value. The British had intended to push 
 forward and occupy Philadelphia at once, which, being now virtually the cap- 
 ital of the new nation, had it been caotured at this juncture, would have given 
 them the occasion for claiming a triumphal ending of the war. But this ad. 
 vantage, though gained by a detachment small in numbers yet great in cour- 
 age, caused the commander of a powerful and well appointed army to give up 
 all intention oi attempting to capture the Pennsylvania metropolis in this 
 campaign, and retiring into winter cantonments upon the Earitan to await 
 
106 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 the settled weather of the spring for an entirely new cast of operations. 
 Washington, emboldened by his success, led all bis forces into New Jersey, 
 and pushing past Trenton, where Cornwallis, the royal leader, had brought 
 his main body by a forced march, under cover of darkness, attacked the 
 British reserves at Princeton. But now the enemy had become wary and vig- 
 ilant, and, summoned by the booming of cannon, CornwalJis hastened back to 
 the relief of his hard pressed columns. Washington, finding that the enemy's 
 whole army was within easy call and knowing that he had no hope of success 
 with his weak army, withdrew. Washington now went into winter quarters at 
 Morristown, and by constant vigilance was able to gather marauding parties 
 of the British who ventured far away from their works. 
 
 Putnam commenced fortifications at a point below Philadelphia upon the 
 Delaware, and at commanding positions upon the outskirts, and on being 
 summoned to the army was succeeded by Gen. Irvine, and he by Gen. Gates. 
 On the 4th of March, 1777, the two Houses of the Legislature, elected under 
 the new constitution, assembled, and in joint convention chose Thomas 
 Wharton, Jr., President, and George Bryan Vice President. Penn had expressed 
 the idea that power was preserved the better by due formality and ceremony, 
 and, accordingly, this event was celebrated with much pomp, the result being 
 declai-ed in a loud voice from the court house, amid the shouts of the gathered 
 throngs and the booming of the captured cannon brought from the field of 
 Trenton. The title bestowed upon the new chief ofiicer of the State was fitted 
 by its length and high-sounding epithets to inspire the multitude with awe and 
 reverence: "His Excellency, Thomas Wharton, Junior, Esquire, President of 
 the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, Captain General, and Com- 
 mander-in-chief in and over the same. " 
 
 While the enemy was disposed to be cautious after the New Jersey cam- 
 paign so humiliating to the native prido of the Britain, yet he was determined 
 to bring all available forces into the field for the campaign of 1777, and to 
 strike a decisive blow. Early in April, great activity was observed among the 
 shipping in New York Harbor, and Washington communicated to Congress his 
 opinion that Philadelphia was the object against which the blow would be 
 aimed. This announcement of probable peril induced the Council to issue a 
 proclamation urging enlistments, and Congress ordered the opening of a camp 
 for di-illing recruits in Pennsylvania, and Benedict Arnold, who was at this 
 time a trusted General, was ordered to the command of it. So many new ves- 
 sels and transports of ail classes had been discovered to have come into New 
 York Harbor, probably forwarded from England, that Washington sent Gen. 
 MiflSin, on the 10th of June, to Congress, bearing a letter in which he ex- 
 pressed the settled conviction that the enemy meditated an immediate descent 
 upon some part of Pennsylvania. Gen. Mifflin proceeded to examine the de- 
 fensive works of the city which had been begun on the previous advance of 
 the British, and recommended such changes and new works as seemed best 
 adapted for its protection. The preparations for defense were vigorously pros- 
 ecuted. The militia were called out and placed in two camps, one at Chester 
 and the other at Downington. Fire ships were held in readiness to be used 
 against vessels attempting the ascent of the river. 
 
 Lord Howe, being determined not to move until ample preparations were 
 completed, allowed the greater part of the summer to wear away before he 
 advanced. Finally, having embarked a force of 19,500 men on a fleet of 300 
 transports, he sailed southward. Washington promptly made a corresponding 
 march overland, passing through Philadelphia on the 24th of August. Howe, 
 suspecting that preparations would be made for impeding the passage of the 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 107 
 
 Delaware, sailed past its mouth, and moving up the Chesapeake instead, de- 
 barked fifty-four miles from Philadelphia and commenced the march north- 
 ward. Great activity was now manifested in the city. The water-spouts were 
 melted to furnish bullets, fair hands were busied in rolling cartidges, power- 
 ful chevaux-de-frise were planted to impede the navigation of the river, and 
 the last division of the militia of the city, which had been divided into three 
 classes, was called out. Washington, who had crossed the Brandywine, soon 
 confronted the advance of Howe, and brisk skirmishing at once opened. See- 
 ing that he was likely to have the right of his position at Eed Clay Creek, 
 where he had intended to give battle, turned by the largely superiorforce of 
 the enemy, under cover of darkness on the night of the 8th of September, he 
 withdrew across the Brandywine at Chad's Ford, and posting Armstrong with 
 the militia upon the left, at Pyle's Ford, where the banks were rugged and pre- 
 cipitous, and Sullivan, who was second in command, upon the right at Brin- 
 ton's Ford under cover of forest, he himself took post with three divisions, 
 Sterling's, Stephens', and his own, in front of the main avenue of approach at 
 Chad's. Howe, discovering that Washington was well posted, determined to 
 flank him. Accordingly, on the 11th, sending Knyphausen with a division of 
 Hessians to make vigorous demonstrations upoQ Washington's front at Chad's, 
 he, with the corps of Comwallis, in light marching order, moved up the Brandy- 
 wine, far past the right flank of Washington, crossed the Brandywine at the 
 fords of Trumbull and Jefirey unopposed, and, moving down came upon 
 Washington's right, held by Sullivan, all unsuspecting and unprepared to re- 
 ceive him. Though Howe was favored by a dense fog which on that morning 
 hung on all the valley, yet it had hardly been commenced before Washingtou 
 discovered the move and divined its purpose. His resolution was instantly 
 taken. He ordered Sullivan to cross the stream at Brinton's, and resolutely 
 turn the left flank of Knyphausen, when he himself with the main body would 
 move over and crush the British Army in detail. Is was a brilliant conception, 
 was feasible, and promised the most complete success. But what chagrin and 
 mortification, to receive, at the moment when he expected to hear the music of 
 Sullivan's ' guns doubling up the left of the enemy, and giving notice to him 
 to commence the passage, a message from that officer advising him that he had 
 disobeyed his orders to cross, having received intelligence that the enemy were 
 not moving northward, and that he was still in position at the ford. Thus 
 balked, Washington had no alternative but to remain in position, and it was not 
 long before the guns of Howe were heard moving in upon his all unguarded 
 right flank. The best dispositions were mad« which time would permit. His 
 main body with the force of Sullivan took position along the brow of the hill 
 on which stands the Birmingham meeting house, and the battle opened and 
 was pushed with vigor the whole day. Overborne by numbers, and weakened 
 by losses, Washington was obliged to retire, leaving the enemy in possession 
 of the field. The young French nobleman, Lafayette, was wounded while gal- 
 lantly serving in this fight. The wounded were carried into the Birmingham 
 meeting house, where the blood stains are visible to this day, enterprising 
 relic hunters for many generations having been busy in loosening ^mall slivers 
 with the points of their knives. 
 
 The British now moved cautiously toward Philadelphia. On the 16th of 
 September, at a point some twenty miles west of Philadelphia, Washington 
 again made a stand, and a battle opened with brisk skirmishing, but a heavy 
 rain storm coming on the powder of the patriot soldiers was completely rained on 
 account of their defective cartridge boxes. On the night of the 20th, Gen. 
 Anthony Wayne, who had been hanging on the rear of the enemy with his 
 
108 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 detachment, was surprised by Gen. Gray with a heavy column, who fell sud- 
 denly upon the Americans in bivouac and put them to the sword, giving no 
 quarter This disgraceful slaughter which brought a stigma and an indelible 
 stain upon the British arms is known as the Paoli Massacre. Fifty-three of 
 the victims of the black flag were buried in one grave. A neat monument 
 of white marble was erected forty years afterward over their mo dering 
 remains by the Republican Artillerists of Chester County, which vandal hands 
 have not spared in their mania for relics. 
 
 Congress remained in Philadelphia while these military operations were 
 going on at its very doors; but on the 18th of September adjourned to meet 
 at L^Qcaster, though subsequently, on the 30th, removed across the Susque- 
 hanna to York, where it remained in session till after the evacuation in 
 the following summer. The Council remained until two days before the fall 
 of the city, when having dispatched the records of the loan office and the more 
 valuable papers to Easton, it adjourned to Lancaster. On the 26th, the British 
 Army entered the city. Deborah Logan in her memoir says: " The army 
 marched in and took possession in the city in the morning. We were up-stairs 
 and saw them pass the State House. They looked well, clean and well clad, 
 and the contrast between them and our own poor, bare-footed, ragged troops 
 was very great and caused a feeling of despair. * * * * Early 
 in the afternoon, Lord Cornwallis' suite arrived and took possession of 
 my mother's house." But though now holding ^^ndisputed possession of the 
 American capital, Howe found his position an uncomfortable one, for his fleet 
 was in the Chesapeake, and the Delaware and all its defenses were in posses- 
 sion of the Americans, and Washington had manned the forts with some of 
 his most resolute troops. Varnum's brigade, led by Cols. Angell and Greene, 
 Rhode Island troops, were at Fort Mercer, at Red Bank, and this the enemy 
 determined to attack. On the 21st of October, with a force of 2,500 men, led 
 by Count Donop, the attack was made. In two colums they moved as to an 
 easy victory. But the steady tire of the defenders when come in easy range, 
 swept them down with deadly effect, and, retiring with a loss of over 400 and 
 their leader mortally wounded, they did not renew the fight. Its reduction was 
 of prime importance, and powerful works were built and equipped to bear upon 
 the devoted fort on all sides, and the heavy guns of the fleet were brought up 
 to aid in overpowering it. For six long days the greatest weight of metal was 
 poured upon it from the land and the naval force, but without effect, the 
 sides of the fort, successfully withstanding -the plunging of their powerful 
 missiles. As a last resort, the great vessels were run suddenly in close under 
 the walls, and manning the yard-arms with sharp-shooters, so effectually 
 silenced and drove away the gunners that the fort fell easily into the Brit- 
 ish hands and the river was opened to navigation. The army of Washing- 
 ton, after being recruited and put in light marching order, was led to German- 
 town where, on the morning of the 3d of October the enemy was met. A 
 heavy fog that morning had obscured friend and foe alike, occasioning con- 
 fusion in the ranks, and though the opening promised well, and some progress 
 was made, yet the enemy was too strong to be moved, and the American leader 
 was forced to retire to his camp at White Marsh. Though the river had now 
 been opened and the city was thoroughly fortified for resisting attack, yet 
 Howe felt not quite easy in having the American Army quartered in so close 
 striking distance, and accordingly, on the 4th of December, with nearly his 
 entire army, moved out, intending to take Washington at White Marsh, sizteen 
 miles away, by surprise, and by rapidity of action gain an easy victory. But 
 by i3 heroism and fidelity of Lydia Darrah, who, as she had often done before 
 
HISTORY OF PEJSNSVLVANIA. 109 
 
 passed tbe gaard? to go to the mill for flour, the news of the ooming of Howe 
 wac communicated to Washington, who was prepared to receive him. Finding 
 that he could effect nothing, Howe returned to the city, having had the weari- 
 some march at this wintry season without effect. 
 
 Washington now crossed the Schuylkill and went into winter quarters at 
 Valley Forge. The cold of that winter was intense; the troops, half clad and 
 indifferently fed, suffered severely, the prints of their naked feet in frost and 
 snow being often tinted with patriot blood. Grown impatient of the small 
 results from ttie immensely expensive campaigns carried on across the ocean, 
 the Ministry relieved Lord Howe, and appointed Sir Henry Clinton to the 
 chief command. 
 
 The Commissioners whom Congress had sent to France early in the fall of 
 1776 — Franklin, Dean and Lee had been busy in making interest for the 
 united colonies at the French Court, and so successful were they, that arms and 
 ammunition and loans of money were procured from time to time. Indeed, so 
 persuasive had they become that it was a saying current at court that, ' ' It was 
 fortunate for the King that Franklin did not take it into his head to ask to 
 have the palace at Versailles stripped of its furniture to send to his dear 
 Americans, for his majesty would have been unable to deny him." Finally, 
 a convention was concluded, by which France agreed to use the royal army and 
 navy as faithful allies of the Americans against the English. Accordingly, a 
 fleet of four powerful frigates, and twelve ships were dispatched under com- 
 mand of the Count D'Estaing to shut up the British fleet in the Delaxvnre. The 
 plan was ingenious, particularly worthy of the long head of Franklin. But 
 by some means, intelligence of the sailing of the French fleet reached the 
 English cabinet, who immediately ordered the evacuation of the Delaware, 
 whereupon the Admiral weighed anchor and sailed away with his entire fleet to 
 New York, and D'Estaing, u{$onhis arrival at the mouth of the Delaware, found 
 that the bird had flown. 
 
 Clinton evacuated Philadelphia and moved across New Jersey in the direc- 
 tion of New York. Washington closely followed and came up with the enemy 
 on the plains of Monmouth, on the 28th of June, 1778, where a sanguin- 
 ary battle was fought which lasted tha whole day, resulting in the triumph of 
 the American arms, and Pennsylvania was rid of British troops. 
 
 The enemy was no sooner well away from the city than Congress returned 
 from York and resumed its sittings in its former quarters, June 24, 1778, and 
 on the following day, the Colonial Legislature returned from Lancaster. Gen 
 Arnold, who was disabled by a wound received at Saratoga, from field duty, 
 was given command in the city and marched in with a regiment on the day 
 following the evacuation. On the 23d of May, 1778, President Wharton died 
 suddenly of quinsy, while in attendance upon the Council at Lancaster, when 
 George Bryan, the Vice President, became the Acting President Bryan was a 
 philanthropist in deed as well as word. Up to this lime, African slavery had 
 been tolerated in the colony. In his message of the 9th of November, he said: 
 "This or some better scheme, would tend to abrogate slavery — the approbrium 
 of America — from among us. * * * In divestiag tbe State of slaves, you 
 will equally serve the cause of humanity and policy, oad offer to God one of 
 the most proper and best returns of gratitude for His great deliverance of us 
 and our posterity from thraldom; you will also se4 y©ur character for justice 
 and benevolence in the true point of view to Europe, who aie astonished to see 
 a people eager for liberty holding negroes in bondage." He perfected a bill 
 for the extinguishment of claims to slaves which was passed by the Assembly, 
 March 1, 1780, by a vote of thirty-four to eighteen, providing that no child 
 
no HISTOKY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of slave parents born after that date should be a slave, but a servant till the 
 age of twenty-eight years, when all claim for service should end. Thus by a 
 simple enactment resolutely pressed by Bryan, was slavery forever rooted out 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the summer of 1778, a force of savages and sour- faced tories to the num- 
 ber of some 1,200, under the leadership of one Col. John Butler, a cruel and in- 
 human wretch, descending from the north, broke into the Wyoming Valley on 
 the 2d of July. The strong men were in the army of Washington, and the 
 only defenders were old men, beardless boys and resolute women. These, to 
 the number of about 400, under Zebulon Butler, a brave soldier who had won 
 distinction in the old French war, and who happened to be present, moved 
 resolutely out to meet the invaders. Overborne by numbers, the inhabitants 
 were beaten and put to the sword, the few who escaped retreating to Forty 
 Fort, whither the helpless, up and down the valley, had sought safety. Here 
 humane terms of surrender were agreed to, and the families returned to 
 their homes, supposing all danger to be past. But the savages had 
 tasted blood, and perhaps confiscated liquor, and were little mindful of capitu- 
 lations. The night of the 5th was given to indiscriminate massacre. The 
 cries of the helpless rang out upon the night air, and the heavens along all 
 the valley were lighted up with the flames of burning cottages; " and when the 
 moon arose, the terrified inhabitants were fleeing to the Wilkesbarre Mount- 
 ains, and the dark morasses of the Pocono Mountain beyond. " Most of these 
 were emigrants from Connecticut, and they made their way homeward as fast 
 as their feet would carry them, many of them crossing the Hudson at Pough- 
 keepsie, where they told their tales of woe. 
 
 In February, 1778, Parliament, grown tired of this long and wasting war, 
 abolished taxes of which the Americans had complained, and a committee, 
 composed of Earl Carlisle, George Johnstone and William £den, were sent 
 empowered to forgive past offenses, and to conclude peace with the colonies, 
 upon submission to the British crown. Congress would not listen to their 
 proposals, maintaining that the people of America had done nothing that 
 needed forgiveness, and that no conference could be accorded so long as the 
 English Armies remained on American soil. Finding that negotiations could 
 not be entered upon with the government, they sought to worm their way by 
 base bribes. Johnstone proposed to Gen. Reed that if he would lend his aid 
 to bring about terms of pacification, 10,000 guineas and the best office in the 
 coantry should be his. The answer of the stern General was a type of the 
 feeling which swayed every patriot: " My influence is but small, but were it 
 as great as Gov. Johntone would insinuate, the King of Great Britain has noth- 
 ing in his gift that would tempt me. " 
 
 At the election held for President, the choice fell upon Joseph Heed, with 
 George Bryan Vice President, subsequently Matthew Smith, and finally Will- 
 iam Moora Eeed was an erudite lawyer, and had held the positions of Pri- 
 vate Secretary to Washington, and subsequently Adjutant General of the 
 army. He was inaugurated on the 1st of December, 1778. Upon the return 
 of the pateiots to Philadelphia, after the departure of the British, a bitter 
 feeling existed between them and the tories who had remained at their homes, 
 and had largely profited by the British occupancy. The soldiers became dem- 
 onstrative, especially against those lawyers who had defended the tories in 
 court. Some of those most obnoxious took refuge in the- house of James Wil- 
 son, a signer of the Declaration. Private soldiers, in passing, fired upon it, 
 and shots were returned whereby one was killed and several wounded. The 
 President on beins informed of these proceedings, rode at the head of the 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. Ill 
 
 city troop, and dispersed the assailants, capturing the leaders. The Academy 
 and College of Philadelphia required by its charter an oath of allegiance to 
 the King of Great Britain. An act was passed November 27, 1779, abrogating 
 the former charter, and vesting its property in a new board. An endowment 
 from confiscated estates was settled ui)on it of £15,000 annually. The name 
 of the institution was changed to the " University of the State of Pennsyl- 
 vania." 
 
 France was now aiding the American cause with money and large land 
 and naval forces. While some of the patriots remained steadfast and were 
 disposed to sacrifice and endure all for the success of the struggle, many, who 
 , should have been in the ranks rallying around Washington, had grown luke- 
 warm. The General was mortified that the French should come across the 
 ocean and make great sacrifices to help us, and should find so much indiffer- 
 ence prevailing among the citizens of many of the States, and so few coming 
 forward to fill up the decimated ranks. At the request of Washington, Presi- 
 dent Beed was invested with extraordinary powers, in 1780, which were used 
 prudently but effectively. During the winter of this year, some of the veteran 
 soldiers of the Pennsylvania line mutinied and commenced the march on 
 Philadelphia with arms in their hands. Some of them had just cause. They 
 had enlisted for "three years or the war," meaning for three years unless 
 the war closed sooner. But the authorities had interpreted it to mean, three 
 years, or as much longer as the war should last. President Eeed immediately 
 rode out to meet the mutineers, heard their cause, and pledged if all would re- 
 turn to camp, to have those who had honorably served out the full term of 
 three years discharged, which was agreed to. Before the arrival of the Presi- 
 dent, two emissaries from the enemy who had heard of the disaffection, came 
 into camp, offering strong inducements for them to continue the revolt. But 
 the mutineers spurned the offer, and delivered them over to the officers, by 
 whom they were tried and executed as spies. The soldiers who had so patriot- 
 ically .arrested and handed over these messengers were offered a reward of fifty 
 guineas; but they refused it on the plea that they were acting under authority 
 of the Board of Sergeants, under whose order the mutiny was being conducted. 
 Accordingly, a hundred guineas were offered to this board for their fidelity. 
 Their answer showed how conscientious even mutineers can be: "It was not 
 for the sake, or through any expectation of reward; but for the love of our 
 country, that we sent the spies immediately to Gen. Wayne; we therefore 
 do not consider ourselves entitled to any other reward but the love of our 
 country, and do jointly agree to accept of no other. " 
 
 William Moore was elected President to succeed Joseph Eeed, from No- 
 vember 14, 1781. but held the office less than one year, the term of three years 
 for which he had been a Councilman having expired, which was the limit of 
 service. James Potter was chosen Vice President. On account of the hostile 
 attitude of the Ohio Indians, it was decided to call out a body of volnriteers, 
 numbering some 400 from the counties of Washington and Westmoreland, 
 where the outrages upon the settlers had been most sorely felt, who chose for 
 their commander Col. William Crawford, of Westmoreland. The expedition 
 met a most unfortunate fate. It was defeated and cut to pieces, and the 
 leader taken captive and burned at the stake. Crawford County, which was 
 settled very soon afterward, was named in honor of this unfortunate soldier. 
 In the month of November, intelligence was communicated to the Legislature 
 that Pennsylvania soldiers, confined as prisoners of war on board of the Jer- 
 sey, an old hulk Ij ing in the New York Harbor, were in a starving condition, 
 receiving at the hands of the enemy the most barbarous and inhuman treat- 
 
112 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 ment. Fifty barrels of flour and 300 bushels of potatoes were immediately 
 sent to them. 
 
 In the State election of 1782, contested with great violence, John Dickin- 
 son was chosen President, and James Ewing Vice President. On the 12th of 
 March, 1783, intelligence was first received of the signing of the preliminary 
 treaty in which independence was acknowledged, and on the 11th of April 
 Congress sent forth the joyful proclamation ordering a cessation of hostilities. 
 The soldiers of Burgoyne, who had been confined in the prison camp at Lan- 
 caster, were put upon the march for New York, passing through Philadelphia 
 on the way. Everywhere was joy unspeakable. The obstructions were re- 
 moved from the Delaware, and the white wings of commerce again came flut- 
 tering on every breeze. In June, Pennsylvania soldiers, exasperated by delay 
 in receiving their pay and their discharge, and impatient to return to their 
 homes, to a considerable number marched from their camp at Lancaster, and 
 arriving at Philadelphia sent a committee with arms in their hands to the 
 State House door with a remonstrance asking permission to elect officers to 
 ■command them for the redress of their grievances, their own having left them, 
 and employing threats in case of refusal. These demands the Council rejected. 
 The President of Congress, hearing of these proceedings, called a special ses- 
 sion, which resolved to demand that the militia of the State should be called 
 out to quell the insurgents. The Council refused to resort to this extreme 
 measure, when Congress, watchful of its dignity and of its supposed supreme 
 authority, left Philadelphia and established itself in Princeton, N. J., and 
 though invited to return at its next session, it refused, and met at Annapolis, 
 
 In October, 1784, the last treaty was concluded with the Indians at Fort 
 Stanwix. The Commissioners at this conference purchased from the natives 
 all the land to the north of the Ohio Kiver, and the line of Pine Creek, which 
 completed the entire limits of the State with the exception of the triangle at 
 Erie, which was acquired from the United States in 1792. This purchase 
 was confirmed by the Wyandots and Delawares at Fort Mcintosh January 21, 
 1785, and the grant was made secure. 
 
 In September, 1785, after a long absence in the service of his country 
 abroad, perfecting treaties, and otherwise establishing just relations with other 
 nations, the venerable Benjamin Franklin, then nearly eighty years old, feel- 
 ing the infirmities of age coming upon him, asked to be relieved of the duties 
 of Minister at the Court of France, and returned to Philadelphia. Soon after 
 his arrival, he was elected President of the Council. Charles Biddle was 
 «lected Vice President. It was at this period that a citizen of Pennsylvania, 
 John Fiteh, secured a patent on his invention for propelling boats by steam. 
 In May, 1787, the convention to frame a constitution for the United States 
 met in Philadelphia. The delegation from Pennsylvania was Benjamin Frank- 
 lin, Robert Morris, Thomas Mifilin, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared 
 Ingersoll, James Wilson and Gouvemeur Morris. Upon the completion of 
 their work, the instrument was submitted to the several States for adoption. A 
 convention was called in Pennsylvania, which met on the 21st of November, and 
 though encountering resolute opposition, it was finally adopted on the 12th of De- 
 cember. On the following day, the convention, the Supreme Council and offi- 
 cers of the State and city government, moved in procession to the old court 
 house, where the adoption of the constitution was formally proclaimed amidst 
 the booming of cannon and the ringing of bells. 
 
 On the 5th of November, 1788, Thomas Mifflin was elected President, and 
 George Rosa Vice President. The constitution of the State, framed in and 
 adapted to the exigencies of an emergency, was ill suited to the needs of State 
 
114 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 in its relations to the new nation. Accordingly, a convention assembled for 
 the purpose of preparing a new constitution in November, 1789, which was 
 finally adopted on September 2, 1790. By the provisions of this instrument, 
 the Executive Council was abolished, and the executive duties were vested in 
 the hands of a Governor. Legislation was intrusted to an Assembly and a 
 Senate. The judicial system was continued, the terms of the Judges extend- 
 ing through good behavior. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin, 1788-99— Thomas McKean, 1799-1808— Simon Snyder, 1808-17— 
 William Findlat, 1817-30— Joseph Heister, 1830-23- John A. Shulze, 1823- 
 -29— George Wolfe. 1829-35— Joseph Ritner, 1835-39. 
 
 THE first election under the new Constitution resulted in the choice of 
 Thomas Mifflin, who was re-elected for three successive terms, giving him 
 the distinction of having been longer in the executive chair than any other 
 person, a period of eleven years. A system of internal improvements was now 
 commenced, by which vast water communications were undertaken, and a moun- 
 tain of debt was accumulated, a portion of which hangs over the State to this 
 day. In 1793, the Bank of Pennsylvania was chartered, one-third of the cap- 
 ital stock of which was subscribed for by the State. Branches were established 
 at Lancaster, Harrisburg, Reading, Easton and Pittsburgh. The branches 
 were discontinued in 1810; in 1843, the stock held by the State was sold, and 
 in 1857, it ceased to exist. In 1793, the yellow fever visited Phila- 
 delphia. It was deadly in its effects and produced a panic unparalleled. 
 Gov. Mifflin, and Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the United States Treasury, 
 were attacked. " Men of affluent forl.unes, who gave daily employment and 
 subsistence to hundreds, were abandoned to the care of a negro after their 
 wives, children, friends, clerks and servants had fled away and left them to 
 their fate. In some cases, at the commencement of the disorder, no money 
 could procure proper attendance. Many of the poor perished without a hu- 
 man being to hand them a drink of water, to administer medicines, or to per- 
 form any charitable office for them. Nearly 5,000 perished by this wasting 
 pestilence. " 
 
 The whisky insurrection in some of the western counties of the State, 
 which occurred in 1794, excited, by its lawlessness and wide extent, general 
 interest. An act of Congress, of March 3, 1791, laid a tax on distilled spirits 
 of four pence per gallon. The then counties of Washington, Westmoreland, 
 Allegheny and Fayette, comprising the southwestern quarter of the State, 
 were almost exclusively engaged in the productiou of grain. Being far re- 
 moved from any market, the product of their farms brought them scarcely any 
 returns. The consequence was that a large proportion of the surplus grain 
 was turned into distilled spirits, and nearly every other farmer was a distiller. 
 This tax was seen to bear heavily upon them, from which a non-producer of 
 spirits was relieved. A rash determination was formed to resist its collection, 
 and a belief eutertained, if all were united in resisting, it would be taken oft. 
 Frequent altercations occurred between the persons appointed United States 
 Collectors and these resisting citizens. As an example, on the 5th of Septem- 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 115 
 
 ber, 1791, a party in disguise set upon Eobert Johnson, a Collector fur Alle- 
 gheny and Washington, tarred and feathered him, cut off his hair, took away 
 his horse, and left him in this plight to proceed. Writs for the arrest of the 
 perpetratore were issued, but none dared to venture into the territory to serve 
 them. On May 8, 1 792, the law was modified, and the tax reduced. In Septem- 
 ber, 1792, President Washington issued his proclaiaation commanding all per- 
 sons to submit to the law, and to forbear from further opposition. But these meas- 
 ures had no effect, and the insurgents began to organize for forcible resist- 
 ance. One Maj. Macf arlane, who in command of a party of insurrectionists, 
 was killed in an encounter with United States soldiers at the house of Gen. 
 Neville. The feeling now ran very high, and it was hardly safe for any per- 
 son to breathe a whisper against the insurgents throughout all this district. 
 " A breath," says Brackenridge, " in favor of the law, was sufficient to ruin 
 any man. A clergyman was not thought orthodox in the pulpit unless against 
 the law. A physician was not capable of administering medicine, unless his 
 principles were right in this respect. A lawyer could get no practice, nor 
 a merchant at a country store get custom if for the law. On the contrary, to 
 talk against the law was the way to office and emolument. To go to the 
 Legislature or to Congress you must make a noise against it. It was the Shib- 
 boleth of safety and the ladder of ambition " One Bradford had, of his ovm 
 notion, issued a circular letter to the Colonels of regiments to assemble with 
 their commands at Braddock's field on the Ist of August, where they appoint- 
 ed officers and moved on to Pittsburgh. After having burned a barn, and 
 made some noisy demonstrations, they were induced by some cool heads to re- 
 turn. These turbulent proceedings coming to the ears of the State and Na- 
 tional authorities at Philadelphia, measures were concerted to promptly and 
 effectually check them. Gov. Mifflin appointed Chief Justice McKean, and 
 Gen. William Irvine to proceed to the disaffected district, ascertain the facts, 
 and try to bring the leaders to justice. President Washington issued a proc- 
 lamation commanding all persons in arms to disperse to their homes on or be- 
 fore the Ist of September, proximo, and called out the militia oE four States 
 — Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia — to the number of 13,000 
 men, to enforce his commands. The quota of Pennsylvania was 4,500 infan- 
 tr., 500 cavalry, 200 artillery, and Gov. Mifflin took command in person. 
 Gov. Kichard Howell, of New Jersey, Gov. Thomas S. Lee, of Maryland, and 
 Gen. Daniel Morgan, of Virginia, commanded the forces from their States, 
 and Gov. Henry Lee, of Virginia, was placed in chief command. President 
 Washington, accompanied by Gen. Knox, Secretary of War, Alexander Hamil- 
 ton, Secretary of the Treasury, and Richard Peters, of the United States Dis- 
 trict Court, set out on the 1st of October, for the seat of the disturbance. On 
 Friday, the President reached Harrisburg, and on Saturday Carlisle, whither 
 the army had preceded him. In the meantime a committee, consisting of 
 James Koss, Jasper Yeates and William Bradford, was appointed by President 
 Washington to proceed to the disaffected district, and endeavor to persuade 
 misguided citizens to return to their allegiance. 
 
 A meeting of 260 delegates from the four counties was held at Parkinson's 
 Ferry on the 14th of August, at which the state of their cause was considered, 
 resolutions adopted, and a committee of sixty, one from each county, was ap- 
 pointed, and a sub-committee of twelve was named to confer with the United 
 States Commissioners, McKean and Irvine. These conferences with the State 
 and National Committees were successful in arranging preliminary conditions 
 of settlement. On the 2d of October, the Committee of Safety of the insur- 
 gents met at Parkinson's Ferry, and having now learned that a well-organized 
 
116 HISTORY OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 army, with Washington at its head, was marching westward for enforcing 
 obedience to the laws, appointed a committee of two, William Findley and 
 David Reddick, to meet the President, and assure him that the disaffected were 
 disDosed to return to their duty. They met Washington at Carlisle, and sev- 
 eral conferences were held, and assurances given of implicit obedience; but 
 the President said that as the troops had been called out, the orders for the 
 march would not be countermanded. The President proceeded forward on the 
 11th of October to Chambersburg, reached Williamsport on the 13tb and Fort 
 Cumberland on the 14th, where he reviewed the Virginia and Maryland forces, 
 and arrived at Bedford on the 19th. Remaining a few days, and being satis- 
 fied that the sentiment of the people had changed, he returned to Philadel- 
 phia, arriving on the 28th, leaving Gen. Lee to meet the Commissioners and 
 make such conditions of pacification as should seem just. Another meeting of 
 the Committee of Safety was held at Parkinson's Perry on the 24th, at which 
 assurances of abandonment of opposition to the laws were received, and the 
 same committee, with the addition of Thomas Morton and Ephriam Douglass, 
 was directed to return to headquarters and give assurance of this disposition. 
 They did not reach Bedford until after the departure of Washington. But at 
 Uniontown they met Gen. Lee, with whom it was agreed that the citizens 
 of these four counties should subscribe to an oath to support the Constitution 
 and obey the laws. Justices of the Peace issued notices that books were oponed 
 for subscribing to the oath, and Gen. Lee issued a judicious address urging 
 ready obedience. Seeing that all requirments were being faithfully carried 
 out, an order was issued on the 17th of November for the return of tiie army 
 and its disbandment. A number of arrests were made and trials and convic- 
 tions were had, but all were ultimately pardoned. 
 
 With the exception of a slight ebulition at the prospect of a war with France 
 in 1797, and a resistance to the operation of the " Homestead Tax '' in Lehigh, 
 Berks and Northampton Counties, when the militia was called out, the re- 
 mainder of the term of Gov. Mifflin passed in comparative quiet By an act 
 of the Legislature of the 3d of April, 1799, the capital of the State was re- 
 moved to Lancaster, and soon after the capital of the United States to Wash- 
 ington, the house on Ninth street, which had been built for the residence of the 
 President of the United States, passing to the use of the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 During the administrations of Thomas McKean, who was elected Governor 
 in 1799, and Simon Snyder in 1808, little beyond heated political contests 
 marked the even tenor of the government, until the breaking-out of the troub- 
 les which eventuated in the war of 1812. The blockade of the coast of France 
 in 1806, and the retaliatory measures of Napoleon in his Berlin decree, swept 
 American commerce, which had hitherto preserved a neutral attitude and prof- 
 ited by European wars, from the seas. The haughty conduct of Great Britain 
 in boarding American vessels for suspected deserters from the British Navy, 
 under cover of which the grossest outrages were committed, American seaman 
 being dragged from the decks of their vessels and impressed into the English 
 service, induced President Jefferson, in July, 1807, to issue his proclamation 
 ordering all British armed vessels to leave the waters of the United States, and 
 forbidding any to enter, until satisfaction for the past and security for the 
 future should be provided for. Upon the meeting of Congress in December, 
 an embargo was laid, detaining all vessels, American and foreign, then in 
 American waters, and ordering home all vessels abroad. Negotiations were 
 conducted between the two countries, but no definite results were reached, and 
 in the meantime causes of irritation multiplied until 1812, when President 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 117 
 
 Madison deolai-ed war against Great Britain, known as the war of 1812. 
 Pennsylvania promptly seconded the National Government, the message of 
 Gov. Snyder on the occasion ringing like a silver clarion. The national call 
 for 100,000 men required 14,000 from this State, but so great was the enthu- 
 siasm, that several times this number tendered their services.-- The State force 
 was organized in two divisions, to the command of the first of which Maj 
 Gen. Isaac MorrellVas appointed, and to the second Maj. Gen. AdamsonTan- 
 nehill. Gunboats and privateers were built in the harbor of Erie and on the 
 Delaware, and the defenses upon the latter were put in order and suitable 
 armaments provided. At Tippecanoe, at Detroit, at Queenstown Heights, at 
 the Eiver Eaisin, at Fort Stephenson, and at the Kiver Thames, the war was 
 waged with varying success. Upon the water, Commodores Decatur, Hull, 
 Jones, Perry, Lawrence, Porter and McDonough made a bright chapter in 
 American history, as was to be wished, inasmuch as the war had been under- 
 taken to vindicate the honor and integrity of that branch of the service. Napo- 
 leon, having met with disaster, and his power having been broken, 14,000 of 
 Wellington's veterans were sent to Canada, and the campaign of the next year 
 was opened with vigor. But at the battles of Oswego, Chippewa, Lundy's 
 Lane, Port Erie and Plattsburg, the tide was turned against the enemy, and 
 the country saved from invasion. The act which created most alarm to 
 Pennsylvania was one of vandalism scarcely matched in the annals of war- 
 fare. In August, 1814, Gen. Ross, with 6,000 men in a flotilla of sixty sails, 
 moved up Chesapeake Bay, fired the capitol, President's house and the various 
 ofSces of cabinet ministers, and these costly and substantial buildings, the nation- 
 al library and all the records of the Government from its foundation were utterly 
 destroyed. Shortly afterward. Boss appeared before Baltimore with the design 
 of multiplying his barbarisms, but he was met by a force hastily collected under 
 G«n. Samuel Smith, a Pennsylvania veteran of the Revolution, and in the brief 
 engagement which ensued Ross was killed. In the severe battle with the 
 corps of Gen Strieker, the British lost some 300 men. The fleet in the mean- 
 time opened a fierce bombardment of Fort McHenry, and during the day and 
 ensuing night 1, 500 bombshells were thrown, but all to no purpose, the gal- 
 lant defense of Maj. Armistead proviutt successful. It was during this awful 
 night that Maj. Key, who was a prisoner on board the fleet, wrote the song of 
 the Star Spangled Banner, which became the national lyric. It was in the ad- 
 ministration of Gov. Snydei in February, 1810, that an act was passed making 
 Harrisburg the seat of government, and a commission raised for erecting public 
 buildings, the sessions of the Legislature being held in the court house at Har- 
 risburg from 1812 to 1821. 
 
 The administrations of William Findley, elected in 1817, Joseph Heister, 
 in 1820, and John Andrew Schulz in 1823, followed without marked events. 
 Parties became very warm in their discussions and in their management of po- 
 litical campaigns. The charters for the forty banks which had been passed in 
 a fit of frenzy over the veto of Gov. Snyder set a flood of paper money afloat. 
 The public improvements, principally in opening lines of canal, were prose- 
 cuted, and vast debts incurred. These lines of conveyances were vitally need- 
 ful to move the immense products and vast resources of the State 
 
 Previous to the year 1820, little use was made of stone coal. Judge 
 Obediah Gore, a blacksmith, used it upon his forge as early as 1769, and 
 found the heat stronger and more enduring than that produced by charcoal. 
 In 1791, Phillip Ginter, of Carbon County, a hunter by profession, having on 
 one occasion been out all day without discovering any game, was returning at 
 night discouraged and worn out, .across the Mauch Chunk Mountain, when, in 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 119 
 
 TABLE SHOWESTQ AMOUNT OF AKTHRACITE COAL PRODUCED IN 
 EACH REGION SINCE 1820. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 1820., 
 1821., 
 
 1824., 
 
 1827.. 
 1828.. 
 1829.. 
 1830.. 
 1881.. 
 1833.. 
 1833.. 
 1834.. 
 1835.. 
 1836.. 
 1837.. 
 1838.. 
 1889.. 
 1840.. 
 1841.. 
 1842.. 
 1843.. 
 1844.. 
 1845.. 
 1846.. 
 1847.. 
 1848.. 
 1849.. 
 1850.. 
 1851.. 
 1852.. 
 1853.. 
 1854.. 
 1855.. 
 1856.. 
 1857.. 
 1858.. 
 1859.. 
 I860.. 
 1861.. 
 1862.. 
 1868.. 
 1864.. 
 
 1867.. 
 1868.. 
 1869.. 
 1870.. 
 1871., 
 1872., 
 1873.. 
 1874.. 
 1875.. 
 1876.. 
 1877.. 
 1878.. 
 1879.. 
 1880.. 
 1881.. 
 
 1883., 
 
 Lehigh, 
 Tana. 
 
 365 
 
 1,073 
 
 2,240 
 
 5,828 
 
 9,541 
 
 28,393 
 
 31,280 
 
 32,074 
 
 30,232 
 
 25,110 
 
 41,750 
 
 40,966 
 
 70,000 
 
 123,001 
 
 106,244 
 
 131.250 
 
 148,211 
 
 223,903 
 
 213,615 
 
 221,025 
 
 225,313 
 
 143,037 
 
 373,540 
 
 267,793 
 
 377,003 
 
 429,453 
 
 517,116 
 
 633,507 
 
 670,321 
 
 781,656 
 
 690,456 
 
 964,324 
 
 1,072,136 
 
 1,054,309 
 
 1,307,186 
 
 1,284,113 
 
 1,351,970 
 
 1,318,541 
 
 1,380,030 
 
 1,628,311 
 
 1,821,674 
 
 1,738,377 
 
 1,351,054 
 
 1,894,713 
 
 2,054,669 
 
 2,040,913 
 
 2,179,364 
 
 2,502,054 
 
 2,507,582 
 
 1,939,523 
 
 3,172,916 
 
 2,335,707 
 
 3,873,339 
 
 3,705,596 
 
 3,773,836 
 
 2,834,605 
 
 3,854,919 
 
 4,332,760 
 
 3,237,449 
 
 4,595,567 
 
 4,463,221 
 
 5,394,676 
 
 5,689,437 
 
 6,113,809 
 
 Schuylkill, 
 Tons. 
 
 Wyoming, 
 Tons. 
 
 Lyken*s 
 
 Valley, 
 
 Shamokin, 
 
 etc., 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1,480 
 
 1,128 
 
 1,567 
 
 6,500 
 
 16,767 
 
 31,360 
 
 47,284 
 
 79,973 
 
 89,934 
 
 81,854 
 
 209,271 
 
 252,971 
 
 226,692 
 
 339,508 
 
 432,045 
 
 530,152 
 
 446,875 
 
 463,147 
 
 475,091 
 
 603,003 
 
 573,273 
 
 700,200 
 
 874,850 
 
 1,121,724 
 
 1,295,938 
 
 1,650,831 
 
 1,714,365 
 
 1,683,435 
 
 1,783,936 
 
 2,229,426 
 
 3,517,493 
 
 2,551,603 
 
 2,957,670 
 
 3,318,555 
 
 3,389,585 
 
 3,985,541 
 
 3,902,821 
 
 3,004,953 
 
 3,270,516 
 
 2,697,439 
 
 2,890,593 
 
 3,433,265 
 
 3,643,218 
 
 3,755,803 
 
 4,957,180 
 
 4,334,820 
 
 4,414,356 
 
 4,821,353 
 
 3,853,016 
 
 6,552,773 
 
 6,694,890 
 
 7,212,601 
 
 6,866,877 
 
 6,281,712 
 
 6 331,934 
 
 8,195,043 
 
 6,283,236 
 
 8,960,329 
 
 7,554,743 
 
 9,358,958 
 
 9,459,288 
 
 10,074,736 
 
 7,000 
 
 43,000 
 
 54,000 
 
 84,000 
 
 111,777 
 
 43,700 
 
 90,000 
 
 103,861 
 
 115,387 
 
 78,207 
 
 132,300 
 
 148,470 
 
 192,270 
 
 263,599 
 
 285,605 
 
 365,911 
 
 451,836 
 
 518,389 
 
 583,067 
 
 685,196 
 
 732,910 
 
 827,823 
 
 1,156,167 
 
 1,284,500 
 
 1,475,732 
 
 1,603,473 
 
 1,771,511 
 
 1,972,581 
 
 1,952,603 
 
 2,186,094 
 
 2,731,236 
 
 2,941,817 
 
 3,055,140 
 
 3,145,770 
 
 3,759,610 
 
 3,960.836 
 
 3,254,519 
 
 4,736,616 
 
 5,335,000 
 
 5,990,813 
 
 6,068,369 
 
 7,825,128 
 
 6,911,243 
 
 9,101,549 
 
 10,309,755 
 
 9,504,408 
 
 10,!596,155 
 
 8,424,158 
 
 8,300,377 
 
 8,085,587 
 
 13,586,398 
 
 11,419,279 
 
 13,9.51,383 
 
 13,971,371 
 
 15,604,493 
 
 Total Toiu. 
 
 11,930 
 
 15,505 
 
 21,463 
 
 10,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 13,087 
 
 10,000 
 
 12,572 
 
 14,904 
 
 19,356 
 
 45,075 
 
 57,684 
 
 99,099 
 
 119,343 
 
 113,507 
 
 334,090 
 
 234,388 
 
 313,444 
 
 388,356 
 
 370,424 
 
 443,755 
 
 479,116 
 
 463,308 
 
 481,990 
 
 478,418 
 
 519,752 
 
 631,157 
 
 830,733 
 
 826,851 
 
 921,381 
 
 903,885 
 
 998,839 
 
 365 
 
 1,073 
 
 3,720 
 
 6,951 
 
 11,108 
 
 34,893 
 
 48,047 
 
 63,434 
 
 77,516 
 
 112,083 
 
 174,734 
 
 176,820 
 
 363,871 
 
 487,748 
 
 376,636 
 
 560,758 
 
 684,117 
 
 879,441 
 
 738,697 
 
 818,402 
 
 864,384 
 
 959,973 
 
 1,108,418 
 
 1,363,598 
 
 1,630,850 
 
 3,013,013 
 
 2,344,005 
 
 3,883,309 
 
 3,089,238 
 
 3,242,966 
 
 3,358,899 
 
 4,448,916 
 
 4,993,471 
 
 5,195,151 
 
 6,002,334 
 
 6,608,517 
 
 6,927,580 
 
 6,664,941 
 
 6,759,369 
 
 7,808,255 
 
 8,513,123 
 
 7,954,314 
 
 7,875,412 
 
 9,566,006 
 
 10,177,475 
 
 9,652,391 
 
 13,703,882 
 
 13.991,725 
 
 13,834,132 
 
 13,723,030 
 
 15,849,899 
 
 15,699,721 
 
 19,669,778 
 
 31,227,953 
 
 20,145,121 
 
 19,712,472 
 
 18,501,011 
 
 20,828,179 
 
 17,605,262 
 
 26,142,689 
 
 23,437,242 
 
 38,.')00,016 
 
 39,130,096 
 
 31,793,039 
 
120 HISTORY 07 PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 the gathering shades he stumbled upon something which seemed to have a. 
 glistening appearance, that he was induced to pick up and carry home. This 
 specimen was takea to Philadelphia, where an analysis showed it to be a good 
 quality of anthracite coal. But, though coal was known to exist, no one knew 
 how to use it. In 1812, Col. George Shoemaker, of Schuylkill County, took 
 nine wagon loads to Philadelphia. But he was looked upon as an imposter 
 for attempting to sell worthless stone for coal. He finally sold two loads for 
 the cost of transportation, the remaining seven proving a complete loss. In 
 1812, While & Hazard, manufactui'ers of wire at the Falls of Schuylkill, in- 
 duced an application to be made to the Legislature to incorporate a com- 
 pany for the improvement of the Schuylkill, urging as an inducement the im- 
 portance it Would have for transporting coal; whereupon, the Senator from 
 that district, in his place, with an air of knowledge, asserted " that there waa 
 no coal there, that there was a kind of black stone which was called coal, but 
 that it would not bum." 
 
 White & Hazard procured a cart load of Lehigh coal that cost them $1 a 
 bushel, which was all wasted in a vain attempt to make it ignite. Another 
 cart load was obtained, and a whole night spent in endeavoring to make a fire 
 in the furnace, when the hands shut the furnace door and left the mill in de- 
 spair. "Fortunately one of them left his jacket in the mill, and returning for 
 it in about half an hour, noticed that the door was red hot, and upon opening 
 it, was surprised at finding the whole furnace at a glowing white heat. The 
 other hands were summoned, and four separate parcels of iron were heated 
 and rolled by the same fire before it required renewing. The furnace was 
 replenished, and as letting it alone had succeeded so well, it was concluded to 
 try it again, and the experiment was repeated with the same result. The 
 Lehigh Navigation Company and the Lehigh Coal Company were incorporated 
 in 1818, which companies became the basis of the Lehigh Coal and Naviga- 
 tion Company, incorporated in 1822. In 1820, coal was sent to Philadelphia 
 by artificial navigation, but 365 tons glutted the market." In 1825, there- 
 were brought by the Schuylkill 5,378 tons. In 1826, by the Schuylkill, 
 16, 265 tons, and by the Lehigh 31,280 tons. The stage of water being in- 
 sufficient, dams and sluices were constructed near Mauch Chunk, in 1819, by 
 which the navigation was improved. The coal boats used were great square 
 arks, 16 to 18 feet wide, and 20 to 25 feet long. At first, two of these were 
 joined together by hinges, to allow them to yield up and down in passing over 
 the dams. Finally, as the boatmen became skilled in the navigation, several 
 were joined, attaining a length of 180 feet. Machinery was used for jointing 
 the planks, and so expert had the men become that five would build an ark 
 and launch it in forty-five minutes. After reaching Philadelphia, these boats 
 were taken to pieces, the plank sold, and the hinges sent back for constructing 
 others. Such were the crude methods adopted in the early days for bringing 
 coal to a market. In 1827, a railroad was commenced, which was completed 
 in three months, nine miles in length. This, with the exception of one at 
 Quincy, Mass., of four miles, built in 1826, was the first constructed in the 
 United States. The descent was 100 feet per mile, and the coal descended by 
 gravity in a half hour, and the cars were drawn back by mules, which rode 
 down with the coal. "The mules cut a most grotesque figure, standing three 
 or four together, in their cars, with their feeding troughs before them, appar- 
 ently surveying with delight the scenery of the mountain; and though they 
 preserve the most profound gravity, it is' utterly impossible for the spectator 
 to maintain his. It is said that the mules, having once experienced the com- 
 fort of riding down, regard it as a right, and neither mild nor severe measurea 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 121 
 
 will induce them to descend in any other way." Bituminous coal was discov- 
 ered and its qualities utilized not much earlier than the anthracite. A tract 
 of coal land was taken up in Clearfield County in 1785, by Mr. S. Boyd, and 
 in 1804 he sent an ark down the Susquehanna to Columbia, which caused 
 much surprise to the inhabitants that "an article with which they were wholly 
 unacquainted should be brought to their own doors." 
 
 During the administrations of George Wolf, elected in 1829, and Joseph 
 Eitner, elected in 1835, a measure of great beneficence to the State was passed 
 and brought into a good degree of successful operation— nothing less than a 
 broad system of public education. Schools had been early established in 
 Philadelphia, and parochial schools in the more populous portions of the 
 State from the time of early settlement. In 1749, through the influence of 
 r>r. Franklin, a charter was obtained for a "college, academy, and charity 
 school of Pennsylvania," and from this time to the beginning of the present 
 century, the friends of education were earnest in establishing colleges, the 
 Colonial Government, and afterward the Legislature, making liberal grants 
 from the revenues accruing from the sale of lands for their support, the uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania being chartered in 1752, Dickinson College in 1783, 
 Franklin and Marshall College in 1787, and Jefferson College in 1802. Com- 
 mencing near the beginning of this century, and continuing for over a period 
 of thirty years, vigorous exertions were put forth to establish county acad- 
 emies. Charters were granted for these institutions at the county seats of 
 forty-one counties, and appropriations were made oE money, varying from 
 $2,000 to $6,000, and in several instances of quite extensive land grants. In 
 1809, an act was passed for the education of the "poor, gratis." The Asses- 
 sors in their annual rounds were to make a record of all such as were indi- 
 gent, and pay for their education in the most convenient schools. But few 
 were found among the spirited inhabitants of the commonwealth willing to 
 admit that they were so poor as to be objects of charity. 
 
 By the act of April 1, 1834, a general system of education by common 
 schools was established Unfortunately it was complex and unwieldy. At the 
 next session an attempt was made to repeal it, and substitute the old law of 
 1809 for educating the "poor, gratis," the repeal having been carried iu the 
 Senate. But through the appeals of Thaddeus Stevens, a man always in the 
 van in every movement for the elevation of mankind, this was defeated. At 
 the next session, 1836, an entirely new bill, discarding the objectionable feat- 
 ures of the old one, was prepared by Dr. George Smith, of Delaware County, 
 and adopted, and from this time forward has been in efficient operati on. It may 
 seem strange that so long a time should have elapsed before a general system of 
 education should have been secured. But the diversity of origiu and lan- 
 guage, the antagonism of religious seats, the very great sparseness of popula- 
 tion in many parts, made it impossible at an earlier day to establish schools. 
 In 1854, the system was improved by engrafting upon it the feature of the 
 County Superintendency, and in 1859 by providing for the establishment of 
 twelvo Normal Schools, in as many districts into which the State was divided^ 
 for the professional training of teachers. 
 
122 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 CHAPTER XIY. 
 
 David B Porteb, 1839-45— Francis R. Shunk, 1845-48— William F. Johnstone 
 1848-52— William Bigler, 1852-55— James Pollock, 1855-58— William F. 
 Packer 1858-61 -Andrew G. Curtin, 1861-67— John W. Geary, 1867-73— 
 John F. Hartbanft, 1873-78— Henry F. Hoyt, 1878-82— Robert E. Pat- 
 
 TISON, 1882. 
 
 IN 1837, a convention assembled in Harrisburg, and subRequently in Philadel- 
 phia, for revising the constitution, which revision was adopted by a vote of 
 the people. One of the chief objects of the change was the breaking up of 
 -what was known as "omnibus legislation," each bill being required to have 
 but on© distinct subject, to be definitely stated in the title. Much of the pat- 
 ronage of the Governor was taken from him, and he was allowed but two terms 
 of three vears in any nine years. The Senator's term was fixed at three years. 
 The terms of Supreme Court Judges were limited to fifteen years, Common 
 Pleas Judges to ten, and Associate Judges to five. A step backward was taken 
 ; 1 limiting suffrage to white male citizens twenty-one years old, it having pre- 
 •■•iously been extended to citizens irrespective of color. Amendments could be 
 proposed once in five years, and if adopted by two successive Legislatures, 
 and approved by a vote of the people, they became a part of the organic law. 
 At the opening of the gubernatorial term of David R. Porter, who was 
 chosen in October, 1838, a civil commotion occurred known as the Buckshot 
 War, which at one time threatened a sanguinary result. By the returns, 
 Porter had some 5,000 majority over Ritner, but the latter, who was the in- 
 cumbent, alleged frauds, and proposed an investigation and revision of the 
 returns. Thomas H. Burrows was Secretary of State^, and Chairman of the 
 State Committee of the Anti-Masonic party, and in an elaborate address to the 
 people setting forth the grievance, he closed with the expression " let us treat 
 the election as if we had not been defeated. " This expression gave great 
 ofi'ense to the opposing party, the Democratic, and public feeling ran high 
 before the meeting of the Legislature. Whether an investigation could be had 
 would depend upt)n the political complexion of that body. The Senate was 
 clearly Anti-Masonic, and the House would depend upon the Representatives of 
 a certain district in Philadelphia, which embraced the Northern Liberties. 
 The returning board of this district had a majority of Democrats, who pro- 
 ceeded to throw out the entire vote of Northern Liberties, for some alleged 
 irregularities, and gave the certificate to Democrats. Whereupon, the minor- 
 ity of the board assembled, and counted the votes of the Northern Liberties, 
 which gave the election to the Anti-Masonic candidates, and sent certificates 
 accordingly. By right and justice, there is no doubt that the Anti-Masons 
 were fairly elected. But the majority of a returning board alone have 
 authority to make returns, and the Democrats had the certificates which bore 
 prima facie evidence of being correct, and should have been received and 
 transmitted to the House, where alone rested the authority to go behind the 
 returns and investigate their correctness. But upon the meeting of the House 
 the Secretary of the Commonwealth sent in the certificates of the minority of 
 the returning board of the Northern Liberties district, Which gave the major- 
 ity to the An ti -Masons. But the Democrats were not disposed to submit, and 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 123 
 
 the conBequence was that two delegations from the disputed district appeared, 
 demanding seats, and upon the organization, two Speakers were elected and 
 took the platform — Thomas S. Cunningham for the Anti-Masons, and Will- 
 iam Hopkins for the Democrats. At this stage of the game, an infuriated 
 lobby, collected from Philadelphia and surrounding cities, broke into the 
 two Houses, and, interrupting all business, threatened the lives of members, 
 and compelled them to seek safety in flight, when they took uncontrolled pos'- 
 session of the chambers and indulged in noisy and impassioned harangues. 
 From the capitol, the mob proceeded to the court house, where a "committee 
 of safety" was appointed. For several days the members dared not enter 
 either House, and when one of the parties of the House attempted to assemble, 
 the person who had been appointed to act as Speaker was forcibly ejected. All 
 business was at an end, and the Executive and State Departments were closed. 
 At this juncture. Gov. Eitner ordered out the militia, and at the same time 
 called on the United States authorities for help. The militia, under Gens. 
 Pattison and Alexander, came promptly to the rescue, but the President refused 
 to furnish the National troops, though the United States storekeeper at the 
 Frankford Arsenal turned over a liberal supply of ball and 6Mcfcsfto< cartridges. 
 The arrival of the militia only served to fire the spirit of the lobby, and they 
 immediately commenced drilling and organizing, supplying themselves with 
 arms and fixed ammunition. The militia authorities were, however, able to 
 clear the capitol, when the two Houses assembled, and the Senate signified the 
 willingness to recognize that branch of the House presided over by Mr. Hop- 
 kins. This ended the difficulty, and Gov. Porter was duly inaugurated. 
 
 Francis E. Shunk was chosen Governor in 1845, and during his term of 
 office the war with Mexico occurred. Two volunteer regiments, one under 
 command of Col. Wynkoop, and the other under Col. Eoberts, subsequently 
 Col. John W. Geary, were sent to the field, while the services of a much 
 larger number were offered, but could not be received. Toward the close of 
 his lirst term, having been reduced by sickness, and feeling his end approach- 
 ing. Gov. Shunk resigned, and was succeeded by the Speaker of the Senate, 
 William F. Johnston, who was duly chosen at the next annual election. Dur- 
 ing the administrations of William Bigler, elected in 1851, James Pollock in 
 1854, and William F. Packer in 1857, little beyond the ordinary course of 
 events marked the history of the State. The lines of public works undertaken 
 at the expense of the State were completed. Their cost had been enormous, 
 and a debt was piled up against it of over $40,000,000. These works, vastly 
 expensive, were still to operate and keep in repair, and the revenues therefrom 
 failing to meet expectations, it was determined in the administration of Gov. 
 Pollock to sell them to the highest bidder, the Pennsylvania Eailroad Com- 
 pany purchasing them for the sum of 3^7,500,000. 
 
 In the administration of Gov. Packer, petroleum was first discovered in 
 quantities in this country by boring into the bowels of the earth. From the 
 earliest settlement of the country it was known to exist. As early as July 18, 
 1627, a French missionary, Joseph Delaroche Daillon, of the order of Eecol- 
 lets, described it in a letter published in 1632, in Segard's L'Histoire du 
 Canada, and this description is confirmed by the journal of Charlevois, 1721. 
 Fathers Dollier and Galinee, missionaries of the order of St. Sulpice, made a 
 map of this section of country, which they sent to Jean Talon, Intendent of 
 Canada, on the 10th of November, 1670, on which was marked at about the 
 point where is now the town of Cuba, N. Y. , "Fontaine de Bitume." The 
 Earl of Belmont, Governor of New York, instructed his chief engineer, 
 Wolfgang W. Romer, on September 3, 1700, in his visit to the Six Nations, 
 
124 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 " To go and view a well or spring which is eight miles beyond the Seneks* 
 farthest castle, which they have told me blazes up in a flame, when a lighted 
 coale or firebrand is put into it; you will do well to taste the said water, and 
 give me your opinion thereof, and bring with you some of it." Thomas Cha- 
 bert de Jonoaire, who died in September, 1740, is mentioned in the journal of 
 Charlevoix of 1721 as authority for the existence of oil at the place mentioned 
 above, and at points further south, probably on Oil Greek. The following 
 account of an event occurring during the occupancy of this part of the State 
 by the French is given as an example of the religious uses made of oil by the 
 Indians, as these fire dances are understood to have been annually celebrated: 
 "While descending the Allegheny, fifteen leagues below the mouth of the 
 Connewango (Warren) and three above Fort Venango (Oil City), we were 
 invited by the chief of the Seneeas to attend a religious ceremony of his tribe. 
 We landed and drew up our canoes on a point where a small stream entered 
 the river. The tribe appeared unusually solemn. We marched up the stream 
 about a half a league, where the company, a large band it appeared, had 
 arrived some days before us. Gigantic hills begirt us on every sida The 
 scene was really sublime. The great chief then recited the conquests and 
 heroisms of their ancestors. The surface of the stream was covered with a 
 thick scum, which burst into a complete conflagration. The oil had been 
 gathered and lighted with a torch. At sight of the flames, the Indians gave 
 forth a triumphant shout, and made the hills and valley re-echo again." 
 
 In nearly all geographies and notes of travel published during the early 
 period of settlement, this oil is referred to, and on several maps the word petro- 
 leum appears opposite the mouth of Oil Creek. Gen. Washington, in his will, 
 in speaking of his lands on the Great Kanawha, says: " The tract of which the 
 
 125 acres is a moiety, was taken up by Gen. Andrew Lewis and myself, for and 
 on account of a bituminous spring which it contains of so inflammable a nat- 
 ure as to burn as freely as spirits, and is as nearly difficult to extinguish." 
 Mr. Jefierson, in his Notes on Virginia, also gives an account of a burning 
 spring on the lower grounds of the Great Kanawha. This oil not only seems 
 to have been known, but to have been systematically gathered in very early 
 times. Upon the flats a mile or so below the city of Titusville are many acres 
 of cradle holes dug out and lined with split logs, evidently constructed for 
 the purpose of gathering it. The fact that the earliest inhabitants could 
 never discover any stumps from which these logs were cut, and the further fact 
 that trees are growing of giant size in the midst of these cradles, are evidences 
 that they must have been operated long ago. It could not have been the work 
 of any of the nomadic Indian tribes found here at the coming of the white 
 man, for they were never known to undertake any enterprise involving so 
 much labor, and what could they do with the oil when obtained. 
 
 The French could hardly have done the work, for we have no account of 
 the oil having been obtained in quantities, or of its being transported to 
 France. May this not have been the work of the Mound- Builders, or of colo- 
 nies from Central America? When the writer first visited these pits, in 1855, 
 he found a spring some distance below Titusville, on Oil Creek, where the 
 water was conducted into a trough, from which, daily, the oil, floating on its 
 surface, was taken off by throwing a woolen blanket upon it, and then vfring- 
 ing it into a tub, the clean wool absorbing the oil and rejecting the water, and 
 in this way a considerable quantity was obtained. 
 
 In 1859, Mr, E. L. Drake, at first representing a company in New York, 
 commenced drilling near the spot where this tub was located, and when the 
 company would give him no more money, straining his own resources, and his 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSVLVANIA. 125 
 
 credit with his friends almost to the breaking point, and when about to give 
 up in despair, finally struck a powerful current of pure oil. Prom this time 
 forward, the territory down the valley of Oil Creek and up all its tributaries 
 was rapidly acquired and developed for oil land. In some places, the oil was 
 sent up with immense force, at the rate of thousands of barrels each day, and 
 great trouble was experienced in bringing it under control and storing it. In 
 some cases, the force of the gas was so powerful on being accidentally fired, 
 as to defy all approach for many days, and lighted up the forests at night 
 with billows of light 
 
 The oil has been found in paying quantities in McKean, Warren, Forest, 
 Crawford, Venango, Clarion, Butler and Armsfa-ong Counties, chiefly along 
 the upper waters of the Allegheny River and its tributary, the Oil Creek. It 
 was first transported in barrels, and teams were kept busy from the first dawn 
 xmtil far into the night. As soon as practicable, lines of railway were con- 
 structed from nearly all the trunk lines. Finally barrels gave place to im- 
 mense iron tanks riveted upon cars, provided for the escape of the gases, and 
 later great pipe lines were extended from the wells to the seaboard, and to the 
 Oreat Lakes, through which the fluid is forced by steam to its distant destina- 
 tions Its principal uses are for illumination and lubricating, though many 
 of its products are employed in the mechanic arts, notably for dyeing, mixing 
 of paints, and in the practice of medicine. Its production has grown to be 
 enormous, and seems as yet to show no sign of diminution. We give an ex- 
 hibit of the annual production since its discovery, compiled for this work by 
 William H. Siviter, editor of the Oil City Derrick, wb'^h is the acknowledged 
 authority on oil matters: 
 
 Production of the Pennsylvania Oil Fields, compiled from the Derrick's 
 Hand-book, December, 1883: 
 
 Barrels. Barrela. 
 
 1859 82,000 1873 9,849,508 
 
 1860 500,000 1874 11,102,114 
 
 1861 2,113,000 1875 8,948,749 
 
 1862 3,056,606 1876 9,142,940 
 
 1868 3.611,899 1877 13,052,713 
 
 1864 2,116,182 1878 15,011,42r) 
 
 1865 3.497,712 1879 30,085,716 
 
 1866 3,597,512 1880 24,788,950 
 
 1867 3,347,306 1881 39,674,458 
 
 1868 3,715,741 1883 31,789,190 
 
 1869 4,186,475 1883 34,385,966 
 
 1870 5,308,046 
 
 1871 5,278,076 A grand total of 43,749,558 
 
 1872 6,505,774 
 
 In the fall of 1860, Andrew G. Curtin was elected Governor of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and Abraham Lincoln President of the United States. An organized 
 rebellion, under the specious name of secession, was thereupon undertaken, 
 embracing parts of fifteen States, commonly designated the Slave States, and 
 a government established under the name of the Confederate States of America, 
 with an Executive and Congress, which commenced the raising of troops for 
 defense. 
 
 On the 12th of April, an attack was made upon a small garrison of United 
 States troops shut up in Fort Sumter. This was rightly interpreted as the 
 first act in a great drama. On the 15th, the President summoned 75,000 vol- 
 unteers to vindicate the national authority, calling for sixteen regiments from 
 Pennsylvania, and urging that two be sent forward immediately, as the capital 
 was without defenders. 
 
 The people of the State, having no idea that war could be possible, had no 
 
126 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 preparation for the event, There chanced at the time to be five companies in 
 a tolerable state of organization. These were the Eingold Light Artillery, 
 Capt. McKnight, of Reading; the Logan Guards, Capt. Selheimer, of Lewis- 
 town; the Washington Artillery, Capt. Wren, and the National Light Infan- 
 try, Capt. McDonald, of Pottsville; and the Allen Rifles, Capt. Yeager, of 
 Allentown. 
 
 On the 18th, in conjunction with a company of fifty regulars, on their way 
 from the West to Fort McHenry, under command of Capt. Pemberton, after- 
 ward Lieut. Gen. Pemberton, of the rebel army, these troops moved by rail 
 for Washington. At Baltimore, they were obliged to march two milesthrough 
 a jeering and insulting crowd. At the center of the city, the regulars filed 
 off toward Fort McHenry, leaving the volunteers to pursue their way aione, 
 when the crowd of maddened people were excited to redoubled insults. In the 
 whole battalion there was not a charge of powder; but a member of the Logan 
 Guards, who chanced to have a box of percussion caps in his pocket, had dis- 
 tributed them to his comrades, who carried their pieces capped and half 
 cocked, creating the impression that they were loaded and ready for service. 
 This ruse undoubtedly saved the battalion from the murderous assault made 
 upon the Massachusetts Sixth on the following day. Before leaving, they were 
 pelted with stones and billets of wood while boarding the cars; but, fortu- 
 nately, none were seriously injured, and the train finally moved away and 
 reached Washington in safety, the first troops to come to the unguarded and 
 imperiled capitaL 
 
 Instead of sixtewi, twenty-five regiments were organized for the three months' 
 service from Pennsylvania. Judging from the threatening attitude assumed 
 by the rebels across the Potomac that the southern frontier would be con- 
 stantly menaced, Gov. Curtin sought permission to organize a select corps, 
 to consist of thirteen regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and one of artillery, 
 and to be known as the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, which the Legislature, in 
 special session, granted. This corps of 15,000 men was speedily raised, and the 
 intention of the State authorities was to keep this body permamently within 
 the limits of the Commonwealth for defense. But at the time of the First 
 Bull Run disaster in July, 1861, the National Government found itself with- 
 out troops to even defend the capital, the time of the three months' men being 
 now about to expire, and at its urgent call this fine body was sent forward and 
 never again returned for the execution of the duty for which it was formed, 
 having borne the brunt of the fighting on many a hard-fought field during the 
 three years of its service. 
 
 In addition to the volunteer troops furnished in response to the several 
 calls of the President, upon the occasion of the rebel invasion of Maryland in 
 September, 1862, Gov. Curtin called 50,000 men for the emergency, and 
 though the time was very brief, 25,000 came, were organized under command 
 of Gen. John F. Reynolds, and were marched to the border. But the battle of 
 Antietam, fought on the 17th of September, caused the enemy to beat a hasty 
 retreat, and the border was relieved when the emergency troops were dis- 
 banded and returned to their homes. On the 19th of October, Gen. J. E. B. 
 Stewart, of the rebel army, with 1,800 horsemen under command of Hampton, 
 Lee and Jones, crossed the Potomac and made directly for Chambersburg, 
 arriving after dark. Not waiting for morning to attack, he sent in a flag of 
 truce demanding the surrender of the town. There were 275 Union soldiers in 
 hospital, whom he paroled. During the night, the troopers were busy picking 
 up horses — swapping horses perhaps it should be called — and the morning saw 
 them early on the move. The rear guard gave notice before leaving to re- 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSyLVANIA. 127 
 
 move all families from the neighborhood of the public buildings, as thev in- 
 tended to fire them. There was a large amount of fixed ammunition in them 
 which had been captured from Longstreet's train, besides Government stores 
 of shoes, clothing and muskets. At 11 o'clock the station house, round house 
 railroad machine shops and warehouses were fired and consigned to 
 destruction. The fire department was promptly out; but it was dangerous to 
 approach the burning buildings on account of the ammunition, and all 
 perished. 
 
 The year 1862 was one of intense excitement and activity. From about the 
 Istof May, 1861, to the end of 1862, there were recruited in the State of Penn- 
 sylvania, one hundred and eleven regiments, including eleven of cavalry and 
 three of artillery, for three years' service; twenty-five regiments for three months- 
 seventeen for nine months; fifteen of drafted militia; and twenty-five called out 
 for the emergency, an aggregate of one hundred and ninety-three regiments— a 
 grand total of over 200,000 men — a great army in itself. 
 
 In June, 1863, Gen. Kobert E. Lee, with his entire army of Northern Vir- 
 ginia, invaded Pennsylvania. The Army of the Potonlac, under Gen. Joseph 
 Hooker, followed. The latter was superseded on the 28th of June by Gen. George 
 G. Meade. The vanguards of the army met a mile or so out of Gettysburg on the 
 Chambersburg pike on the morning of the 1st of July. Hill's corps of the 
 rebel army was held in check by the sturdy fighting of a small division of 
 cavalry under Gen. Buford until 10 o'clock, when Gen. Eeynolds came to his 
 relief with the First Corps. While bringing his forces into action, Reynolds 
 was killed, and the command devolved on Gen. Abner Doubleday, and the 
 fighting became terrible, the Union forces being greatly outnumbered. At 2 
 o'clock in the afternoon, the Elevonth Corps, Gen. O. O. Howard, came to the 
 support of the First. But now the corps of Ewell had joined hands with Hill> 
 and a full two- thirds of the entire rebel army was on the field, opposed by 
 only the two weak Union corps, in an inferior position. A sturdy fight was 
 however maintained until 5 o'clock, when the Union forces withdrew through 
 the town, and took position upon rising ground covering the Baltimore pike. 
 During the night the entire Union army came up, with the exception of the 
 Sixth Corps, and took position, and at 2 o'clock in the morning Gen. Meade 
 and staff came on the field. During the morning hours, and until 4 o'clock in 
 the afternoon, the two armies were getting into position for the desperate 
 struggle. The Third Corps, Gen. Sickles, occupied the extreme left, his corps 
 abutting on the Little Round Top at the Devil's Den, and reaching, en echelon, 
 through the rugged ground to the Peach Orchard, and thence along the Em- 
 mettsburg pike, where it joined the Second Corps, Gen. Hancock, reaching^ 
 over Cemetery Hill, the Eleventh Corps, Gen. Howard, the First, Gen. Double- 
 day, and the Twelfth, Gen. Slocum, reaching across Gulp's Hill— the whole 
 crescent shape. To this formation the rebel army conformed, Longstreet op- 
 posite the Union left. Hill opposite the center, and Ewell opposite the Union 
 right. At 4 P. M. the battle was opened by Longstreet, on the extreme left of 
 Sickles, and the fighting became terrific, the rebels making strenuous efforts 
 to gain Little Round Top. But at the opportune moment a part of the Fifth 
 Corps, Gen. Sykes, was brought upon that key position, and it was saved to 
 the Union side. The slaughter in front of Round Top at the wheat-field and 
 the Peach Orchard was fearful. The Third Corps was driven back from its 
 advanced position, and its commander. Gen. Sickles, was wounded, losing a 
 leg. In a more contracted position, the Union line was made secure, where it 
 rested for the night. Just at dusk, the Louisiana Tigers, some 1,800 men, 
 made a desperate charge on Cemetery Hill, emerging suddenly from a hillock 
 
128 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 just back of the town. The struggle was desperate, but the Tigers being 
 weakened by the fire of the artillery, and by the infantry crouching behind the 
 stone wall, the onset was checked, an^ Carroll's brigade, of the Second Corps, 
 coining to the rescue, they were finally beaten back, terribly decimated. At 
 about the same time, a portion of JB^ell's corps made an advance on the ex- 
 treme Union right, at a point where the troops had been withdrawn to send to 
 the support of Sickles, and unopposed, gained the extremity of Culp's Hill, 
 pushing through nearly to the Baltimore pike, in ' dangerous proximity to the 
 reserve artillery and trains, and even the headquarters of the Union com- 
 mander. But in their attempt to roll up the Union right they were met by 
 Green's brigade of the Twelfth Corps, and by desperate fighting their further 
 progress was stayed. Thus ended the battle of the second day. The Union left 
 and right had been sorely jammed and pushed back. 
 
 At 4 o'clock on the morning of the 3d of July, Gen. Geary, who had been 
 ordered away to the support of Sickles, having returned during the night and 
 taken position on the right of Green, opened the battle for the recovery of his 
 lost breastworks on the right of Culp's Hill. Until 10 o'clock, the battle raged 
 with unabated fury. The heat was intolerable, and the sulphurous vapor 
 hung like a pall over the combatants, shutting out the light of day. The 
 fighting was in the midst of the forest, and the echoes resounded with fearful 
 distinctness. The Twelfth Corps was supported by portions of the Sixth, 
 which had now come up. At length the enemy, weakened and finding them- 
 selves overborne on all sides, gave way, and the Union breastworks were re- 
 occupied and the Union right made entirely secure. Comparative quiet now 
 reigned on either side until 2 o'clock in the afternoon, in the meantime both 
 sides bringing up fresh troops and repairing damages. The rebel leader hav- 
 ing brought his best available artillery in upon his right center, suddenly 
 opened with 150 pieces a concentric fire upon the devoted Union left center, 
 where stood the troops of Hancock and Doubleday and Sickles. The shock 
 was terrible. Rarely has such a cannonade been known on any field. For 
 nearly two hours it was continued. Thinking that the Union line had been 
 broken and demoralized by this fire, Longstreet brought out a fresh corps of 
 some 18,000 men, under Pickett, and charged full upon the point which had 
 been the mark for the cannonade. As soon as this charging column came into 
 view, the Union artillery opened upon it from right and left and center, and 
 rent it with fearful effect. When come within musket range, the Union 
 troops, who had been crouching behind slight pits and a low stone wall, 
 poured in a most murderous fire. Still the rebels pushed forward with a bold 
 face, and actually crossed the Union lines and had their hands on the Union 
 guns. But the slaughter was too terrible to withstand. The killed and 
 wounded lay scattered over all the plain. Many were gathered in as prisoners. 
 Finally, the remnant staggered back, and the battle of Gettysburg was at an 
 end. 
 
 Gathering all in upon his fortified line, the rebel chieftain fell to strength- 
 ening it, which he held with a firm hand. At night-fall, he put his trains 
 with the wounded upon the retreat During the 4th, great activity in build- 
 ing works was manifest, and a heavy skirmish line was kept well out, which 
 resolutely met any advance of Union forces. The entire fighting force of the 
 rebel army remained in position behind their breastworks on Oak Ridge, until 
 nightfall of the 4th, when, under cover of darkness, it was withdrawn, and 
 before morning was well on its way to Williamsport. The losses on the Union 
 side were 2,834 killed, 13,709 wounded, and 6,643 missing, an aggregate of 
 23, 186. Of the losses of the en^my, no adequate returns were made. Meade 
 
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 129 
 
 reports 13,621 prisoners taken, and the losses by killed and wounded must 
 have l)een greater than on the Union side. On the rebel side, Maj. Gens, 
 Hood, Pender, Trimble and Heth were wounded, Pender mortally. Brig! 
 Gens. Barksdale and Garnett were killed, anl Semms mortally wounded 
 Brig. Gens. Kemper, Armistead, Scales, G. T. Anderson, Hampton, J. M. 
 Jones and Jenkins were wounded; Archer was taken prisoner and Pettigrew 
 was wounded and subsequently killed at Falling Waters. In the Union army 
 \S.a,i. Gen. Reynolds and Brig. Gens. Vincent, Weed, Willard and Zook were 
 rilled. Maj. Gens. Sickles, Hancock, Doubleday, Gibbon, Barlow, Warren 
 md Butterfield, and Brig. Gens. Graham, Paul, Stone, Barnes and Brooke 
 were wounded. A National Cemetery was secured on the center of the field, 
 where, as soon as the weather would permit, the dead were gathered and care- 
 fully interred. Of the enl.ire number interred, 3,512, Maine had 104; New 
 Hampshire, 49; Vermont, 61; Massachusetts, 159; Rhode Island, 12; Con- 
 necticut, 22; New York, 867; New Jersey, 78; Pennsylvania, 534; Delaware, 
 15; Maryland^ 22; West Virginia, 11; Ohio, 131; Indiana, 80; Illinois, 6; 
 Michigan, 171; Wisconsin, 73; Minnesota, 52; United States Regulars, 138; 
 unknown, 979. In the center of the field, a noble monument has been erect- 
 ed, and on the 19th of November, 1864, the ground was formally dedicated, 
 when the eminent orator, Edward Everett, delivered an oration, and President 
 Lincoln delivered the following dedicatory address: 
 
 "Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this conti- 
 nent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that 
 all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing 
 whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long en- 
 dure. We are met on a great battle field n^ that war. We are met to dedi- 
 cate a portion of it as the final resting place of those who here gave their 
 lives that this nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we 
 should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot conse- 
 crate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who 
 struggled here have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. 
 The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can 
 never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedi- 
 cated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly carried on. 
 It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — 
 that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which 
 they here gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve 
 that the dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall, under God, 
 have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the 
 people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.'' 
 
 So soon as indications pointed to a possible invasion of the North by the 
 rebel army under Gen. Lee, the State of Pennsylvania was organized in two 
 military departments, that of the Susquflhanna, to the command of which 
 Darius N. Couch was assigned, with headquarters at Harrisburg, and that ot 
 the Monongahela, under W. T. H. Brooks, with headquarters at Pittsburgh. 
 Urgent calls for the militia were made, and large numbers in regiments, in 
 companies, in squadrons came promptly at the call to the number of over 36,- 
 000 men, who were organized for a period of ninety days. Fortifications 
 were thrown up to cover Harrisburg and Pittsburgh, and the troops were moved 
 to threatened points. But before they could be brought into action, the great 
 decisive conflict had been fought, and the enemy driven from northern soil. 
 Four regiments under Gen. Brooks were moved into Ohio to aid in arresting a 
 raid undertaken by John Morgan, who, with 2,000 horse and four guns, had 
 crossed the Ohio River for a diversion in favor of Lee. o 
 
130 HISTOKY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 In the beginning of July, 1864, Gen. Early invaded Maryland, and mado 
 his way to the threshold of Washington. Fearing another invasion of the 
 State, Gov. Curtin called tor volunteors to serve for 100 days. Gen. Couch 
 was still at the head of the department of the Susquehanna, and six regiments 
 and six companies were organized, but as fast as organized they were called to 
 the front, the last regiment leaving the State on the 29th of July. On the 
 evening of this day, Gens. McCausland, Bradley Johnson and Harry Gilmore, 
 with 3,000 mounted men and six guns, crossed the Potomac, and made theii' 
 way to Chambersburg. Another column of 3,000, under Vaughn and Jackson 
 advanced to Hagerstown, and a third to Leitersburg. Averell, with a small 
 force, was at Hagerstown, but finding himself over-matched withdrew through 
 Greencastle to Mount Hope. Lieut. McLean, with fifty men in front of Mc- 
 Causland, gallantly kept his face to the foe, and checked the advance at every 
 favorable point. On being apprised of their coming, the public stores at Cham- 
 bersburg were moved northward. At six A. M. , McCausland opened his bat- 
 teries upon the town, but, finding it unprotected, took possession. Einging the 
 court house bell to call the people together, Capt. Fitzhugh read an order to 
 the assembly, signed by Gen. Jubal Early, directing the command to proceed 
 to Chambersburg and demand 1100,000 in gold, or $500,000 in greenbacks, 
 and, if not paid, to burn the town. While this parley was in progress, hats, 
 caps, boots, watches, clothing and valuables were unceremoniously appropriated, 
 and purses demanded at the point of the bayonet. As money was not in hand 
 to meet so unexpected a draft, the torch was lighted. In less than a quarter 
 of an hour from the time the first match was applied, the whole business part 
 of the town was in flames. No notice was given for removing the women and 
 children and sick. Burning parties were sent into each quarter of the town, 
 which made thorough work. 'With the exception of a few houses upon the 
 outskirts, the whole was laid in ruins, e Retiring rapidly, the entire rebel 
 command recrossed the Potomac before any adequate force could be gathered 
 to check its progress. 
 
 The whole number of soldiers recruited under the various calls for troops 
 from the State of Peimsylvania was 360,000. By authority of the common- 
 wealth, in 1866, the commencement was made of the publication of a history 
 of these volunteer organizations, embracing a brief historical account of the 
 part taken by each regiment and independent body in every battle in which it 
 was engaged, with the name, rank, date of muster, period for which he en- 
 listed, casualties, and fate of every officer and private. This work was com- 
 pleted in 1872, in five imperial octavo volumes of over 1,400 pages each. 
 
 In May, 1861, the Society of the Cincinnati of Pennsylvania, an organiza- 
 tion of the officers of the llevolutionary war and their descendants, donated 
 $500 toward arming and equipping troops. By order oE the Legislature, 
 this sum was devoted to procuring flags for the regiments, and each organiza- 
 tion that went forth, was provided with one emblazoned with the arms of the 
 commonwealth. These flags, seamed and battle stained, were returned at the 
 close of the war, and are now preserved in a room devoted to the purpose in 
 the State capitol — precious emblems of the daring and suffering of that great 
 army that went forth to uphold and maintain the integrity of the nation. 
 
 When the war was over, the State undertook the charge of providing for 
 all soldiers' orphans in schools located in different parts of its territory, fur- 
 nishing food, clothing, instruction and care, until they should be grown to 
 manhood and womanhood. The number thus gathered and cared for has been 
 seme 7,500 annually, for a period of nineteen years, at an average annual ex- 
 pense of some 1600,000. 
 
HI8T0BY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 131 
 
 At the election in 1866, John W. Geary, a veteran General of the late war. 
 was chosen Governor. During his administration, settlements were made with 
 the General Government, extraordinary debts incurred during the war were 
 paid, and a large reduction of the old debt of $40,000,000 inherited from the 
 construction of the canals, was made. A convention for a revision of the con- 
 stitution was ordered by act of April 11, 1872. This convention assembled in 
 Harrisburg November 13, and adjourned to meet in Philadelphia, where it 
 convened on the 7 th of January, 1873, and the instrument framed was adopted 
 on the 18th of December, 1873. By its provisions, the number of Senators 
 was increased from thirty-three to fifty, and Eepresentatives from 100 to 201, 
 subject to further increase in proportion to increase of population; biennial, 
 in place of annual sessions; making the term of Supreme Court Judges twenty- 
 one in place of fifteen years; remanding a large class of legislation to the ac- 
 tion of the courts; making tJie term of Governor four years in place of three, 
 and prohibiting special legislation, were* some of the changes provided for. 
 
 In January, 1873, John F. Hartranft became Governor, and at the election 
 in 1878, Henry F. Hoyt was chosen Governor, both soldiers of the late war. 
 In the summer of 1877, by concert of action of the employes on the several 
 lines of railway in the State, trains were stopped and travel and traffic were in- 
 terrupted for several days together. At Pittsburgh, conflicts occurred between 
 the railroad men and the militia, and a vast amount of property was destroyed. 
 The opposition to the local military was too powerful to be controlled, and 
 the National Government was appealed to for aid. A force of regulars was 
 promptly ordered out, and the rioters finally quelled. Unfortunately, Gov. 
 Hartranft was absent from the State at the time of the troubles 
 
 At the election in 1882 EobertiE. Pattison was chosen governor. The Legis- 
 lature, which met at the opening of 1883, having adjourned after a session of 
 156 days, without passing a Congressional apportionment bill, as was required, 
 was immediately reconvened in extra session by the governor, and remained 
 in session until near the close of the year, from June 1 to December 5, without 
 coming to an agreement upon a bill, and finally adjourned without having 
 passed one. This protracted sitting is in marked contrast to the session of that 
 early Assembly in which an entire constitution and laws of the province were 
 framed and adopted in the space of three days. 
 
 November 2, 1886, James A. Beaver was elected governor. 
 
132 
 
 HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING THE VOTE FOB. GOVERNOKS OP PENNSYLVANIA SINCE THE ORGAN- 
 IZATION OF THE STATE. 
 
 1790. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin 27,725 
 
 Arthur St. Clair 2,802 
 
 1793. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin 18,590 
 
 F. A. Muhlenberg. 10,706 
 
 1796. 
 Thomas Mifflin 30,020 
 
 F. A. Muhlenberg 1,011 
 
 1799. 
 
 Thomas McKean 38,036 
 
 James Boss 32,641 
 
 1802. 
 
 Thomas McKean 47,879 
 
 James Boss, of Pittsburgh 9,499 
 
 James Boss 7,538 
 
 1808. 
 
 Simon Snyder 67,975 
 
 James Riss 39,575 
 
 John Spayd 4,006 
 
 W. Shields 2 
 
 Charles Nice 1 
 
 Jack Boss 2 
 
 W. Tilghman 1 
 
 1811. 
 
 Simon Snyder 02,319 
 
 William Tighlman 3,609 
 
 Scatt'ring,no record for whom 1,675 
 
 1814. 
 
 Simon Snyder 61,099 
 
 Isaac Wayne 29,566 
 
 G. Lattimer 910 
 
 J. B. Bust 4 
 
 1817. 
 
 William Findlay 66,331 
 
 Joseph Hiester. 59,272 
 
 Moses Palmer 1 
 
 Aaron Hanson 1 
 
 John Seffer 1 
 
 Seth Thomas 1 
 
 Nicholas Wiseman 3 
 
 Benjamin R. Morgan 2 
 
 William Tilghman 1 
 
 Andrew Gregg 1 
 
 1820. 
 
 Joseph Hiester 67,906 
 
 William Findlay 66,300 
 
 Scattering (no record) 21 
 
 1823. 
 
 J. Andrew Shulze 81,751 
 
 Andrew Gregg. 64,151 
 
 Andrew Shulze 112 
 
 John Andrew Shulze 7,311 
 
 Andrew Gragg 53 
 
 Andrew Greg 1 
 
 John A. Shulze 764 
 
 Nathaniels. Boileau ».... 8 
 
 Capt. Glosseader 3 
 
 John Gassender I 
 
 Isaac Wayne 1 
 
 George Bryan 1 
 
 1826. 
 
 J. Andrew Shulze 72,710 
 
 John Sergeant 1,176 
 
 Scattering (no record) 1 174 
 
 1829. 
 
 George Wolf. 78,219 
 
 Joseph Bitner 61,776 
 
 George £. Baum 6 
 
 Frank B. Williams 3 
 
 1832. 
 
 George Wolf. 91,335 
 
 Joseph Bitner 88,165 
 
 1835. 
 
 Joseph Bitner 94,023 
 
 GoorgeWolf. 66,804 
 
 Henry A. Muhlenberg 40,686 
 
 1838. 
 
 David B. Porter 127,827 
 
 Joseph Bitner .122,321 
 
 1841. 
 
 David E. Porter 136,504 
 
 John Banks „ 113,473 
 
 T.J. Lemoyne 763 
 
 George F. Horton 18 
 
 Samuel L. Carpenter 4 
 
 Ellis Lewis - 1 
 
 1844. 
 
 Francis E. Shunk 160,322 
 
 Joseph Markle 166,040 
 
 Julius J. Lemoyne 10 
 
 John Haney 2 
 
 James Page 1 
 
 1847. 
 
 Francis B. Shunk 146,081 
 
 James Irvin 128,148 
 
 Emanuel 0. Beigart 11^47 
 
 F. J. Lemoyne 1,861 
 
 George M.Eeim 1 
 
 Ab^jab Morrison 3 
 
 1848. 
 
 William F. Johnston 168,622 
 
 Morris Iiongstreth 168,226 
 
 E. B. Gazzam 48 
 
 Scattering (no recoid) 24 
 
 1851. 
 
 William Bigler. 186,489 
 
 William F. Johnston 178,034 
 
 Kimber Cleaver 1,860 
 
 1854 
 
 James Pollock. 203,822 
 
 William Bigler. 166,991 
 
 B. Bush Bradford 2,194 
 
 1857. 
 
 William F. Packer 188,846 
 
 David Wilmot 149,139 
 
 Isaac Hazlehuist 28,168 
 
 James Pollock i 
 
 George B. Barret 1 
 
 William Steel 1 
 
 F. P. Swartz 1 
 
 Samuel McFarland 1 
 
 George F. Horton 7 
 
 1860. 
 
 Andrew G. Curtin .262,346 
 
 Henry D. Foster 230,239 
 
 1863. 
 
 A. G. Cnrtin 269,606 
 
 George W. Woodward 254,171 
 
 John Hickman i 
 
 Thomas M. Howe _. i 
 
 1866. 
 
 John W. Geary 307,274 
 
 Hiester Clymer 290,097 
 
 Giles Lewis 7 
 
 1869. 
 
 John W. Geary 290,564 
 
 Asa Packer .286,956 
 
 W. D. Kelly ] 
 
 W. J. Bobinson j 
 
 1872. 
 
 John F. Hartranft 363,387 
 
 Charles B. Bnckalen 317,760 
 
 S. B. Chase 1,197 
 
 William P. Schell 12 
 
 1875. 
 
 John F. Hartranft 304,176 
 
 Cyrus L. Pershing ~....292,146 
 
 B. Audley Brown 13,244 
 
 James S. Negley 1 
 
 Phillip Wendle 
 
 J. W. Brown.. 
 
 G. F. Beinhard 
 
 G. D. Coleman 
 
 James Staples 
 
 Bichard Vaux 
 
 Craig Biddle 
 
 Francis W. Hughes.... 
 
 Henry C. Tyler 
 
 W. B. Brown 
 
 George V. Lawrence.. 
 A. L.3rown 
 
 1878. 
 
 H. M. Hoyt 319,490 
 
 Andrew H. Dill 297,187 
 
 Samuel B. Mason 81,768 
 
 Franklin H. Lane 8,763 
 
 S. Matson 2 
 
 John McKee 1 
 
 D. Kirk 1 
 
 R. L. Miller 1 
 
 J. H. Hopkins 1 
 
 A. G. Williams 1 
 
 Samuel H. Lane 1 
 
 John Fertig 1 
 
 James Musgrove 1 
 
 Silas M. Bafly 1 
 
 A. S. Post 9 
 
 C. A. Cornen 3 
 
 Seth Yocum 1 
 
 Edward E. Orris 1 
 
 1882. 
 
 Bobert E. Pattison 365,791 
 
 James A. Beaver 316,689 
 
 John Stewart 43,743 
 
 Thomas A. Armstrong. 23,996 
 
 Alfred 0. Pettlt 5,196 
 
 Scattering U 
 
 1886. 
 
 Junes A. Beaver „..412,28A 
 
 Chauncey F. Black. 369,634 
 
 CharleaS. Wolfe 82,468 
 
 Bobert J. Houston. 4,836 
 
 Scattering. „,. U 
 
PAET II. 
 
 OF Fmkui Couity 
 
History of Franklin County. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION. 
 
 The Great Eastern Valley— The Path of a Probable Gulf Stream— The 
 Mountain Ranges and their Appendages— Systems of Drainage— Geo- 
 logical AND MiNERALOGICAL ASPECTS— CHARACTER OF SOIL— VEGETATION— 
 
 Climate. 
 
 THE beautiful valley, of which Franklin County forms but a small part, 
 sweeps along the entire eastern coast of the United States, extending, 
 under different names, from the southern extremity of Vermont across the 
 Hudson at Newburgh, the Delaware at Easton, the Susquehanna at Harris- 
 burg, the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, the James at Lynchburg, the Tennes- 
 see at Chattanooga, and losing itself in Alabama and the southwest. £y some 
 it is claimed to have been the path along which an ocean current, possibly the 
 beneficent Gulf Stream, whose influence changes the natural and social con- 
 ditions of both American and European civilization, flowed long prior to the 
 present order of things, in eithfer the old or the new world. It is bounded on 
 either side by a chain of the great Appalachian Mountain system, running 
 from the northeast to the southwest, and is of nearly uniform width, from 
 twelve to twenty miles — the whole distance. It is broken into fertile agricult- 
 ural sections by the beautiful streams already mentioned, apparently to meet 
 the diversified wants of its future occupants. 
 
 The section lying between the Susquehanna and the Potomac is usually 
 designated as the Cumberland Valley. The valley west of ' ' Harris Ferry, ' ' 
 as Harrisburg was originally known, was called by some ' ' Kittochtinny, ' ' by 
 others "North " Valley. The northwestern boundary is known in Pennsylva- 
 nia as North Mountain, or the Kittatinny Mountain, the latter name, signify- 
 ing endless, being an euphonic change from Kekachtannin, by which the Del- 
 aware Indians called it. The southwestern jpoundary is South Mountain, a 
 beautiful range, parallel with the Kittatinny. From the Susquehanna to the 
 Potomac, the Kittatinny maintains an almost uniform summit line, ranging 
 from 700 to 1, 200 feet above the valley beneath. Several picturesque points or 
 projections, known as Clark's, Parnell's, Jordan's and Casey's Knobs, and 
 Two- Top Mountains, give fine relief to the range. Of these, Parnell's and 
 Casey's were used, during the civil war, as union signal stations. Between Kit- 
 tatinny and Tuscarora, lying still farther to the west, are several beautiful 
 and productive valleys: Path Valley, terminating at the extreme north end in 
 Horse Valley, and sending off to the right of Knob Mountain another known 
 as Amberson's Valley; Bear and Horse Valleys, elevated and of smaller extent, 
 having a trend northeastward; Cove Gap, a picturesque opening, through which 
 packers in the olden, and vehicles in the modern time, pass across the moun- 
 
138 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 tain westward, and Little Cove, a long narrow valley, that slopes southwestward 
 toward the Potomac. In the southwestern part of what is now Franklin Coun- 
 ty, formed by Kittatinny on the west. Cross Mountain on the south, and Two- 
 Top Mountain on the east, lies a relic of the mythical days, when the giants 
 piled Ossa on Pelion, and known as the Devil's Punch Bowl. From its spa- 
 cious receptacle the gods, in their Bacchanalian revelry, quaffed their intoxi- 
 cating drinks. 
 
 South Mountain, less picturesque in its scenery, is covered with a good 
 supply of valuable timber. Like Kittatinny range, its table-lands are valu- 
 able for the fuel supplies they furnish to the inhabitants of the valley, as well 
 as for the diversified scenery they afford to the passers-by. The richness of 
 view afforded by these two mountain ranges is calculated to inspire a remark- 
 able love for the beautiful in nature, and to develop the poetic sentiment in 
 man. 
 
 The drainage of Franklin County is most perfect, and consists of two sys- 
 tems. The first, flowing northeastward in a tortuous course, and empyting 
 into the Susquehanna Eiver at West Fairview, two miles above Harrisburg, 
 embraces the Conodoguinet and its tributaries, viz. : Spring Creek and its 
 branches, Furnace and Main's, Muddy, Keasey's, Lehman's, Paxton's, Clip- 
 pinger's and Trout Euns. The northern portion of the county, particularly 
 Southampton, Letterkenny, Lurgan, and portions of St. Thomas, Peters, Metal 
 and Fannett, is thus provided with good drainage and the means of preserving 
 animals and plants against drouth. 
 
 The second system, embracing all those water-courses which flow south- 
 ward, and finally discharge their contents into the Potomac River, includes the 
 following streams : 
 
 1. The Conococheague with two distinct branches. East Conococheague and 
 West Conococheague, which unite near the southern part of the county on the 
 farm of Mr. Lazarus Kennedy, empties into the Potomac at Williamsport. 
 East Conococheague receives from the central portion of the county the con- 
 tributions of Rocky Creek, Falling Spring, Back Creek, Campbell's Run and 
 Muddy Run. Several of these streams are supplied with abundant mill power, 
 which is utilized to the best advantage. West Conococheague, traversing the 
 whole extent of Path Valley, leaps into the broad open valley from between 
 Cape Horn and Jordan's Knob, and, gathering in the waters of Broad and 
 Trout Runs, Licking Creek, Welsh Run and other small streams, hastens to 
 join its twin sister at their junction on the Kennedy place. 
 
 2. Marsh Run, which divides, a part of the way, the present townships of 
 Antrim and Washington. 
 
 3. Little Antietam, which with its two branches. East Antietam and West 
 Antietam, thoroughly drains the southeastern part of the county, carrying its 
 sparkling waters finally into the Potomac River near Sharpsburg, Md. 
 
 All these streams are fed by beautiful springs, whose sparkling waters 
 come gushing forth from mountain and hillside, and many of them, in addition 
 to supplying pure cold water for man and beast, are richly provided with an 
 excellent quality of fish. They supply a water-power, vphich has long been 
 utilized for milling and manufacturing purposes. Chambersburg and Waynes- 
 boro supply their own citizens with the clear refreshing water found in these 
 mountain streams. 
 
 An observing traveler will notice that the ledges or beds of rocks trend 
 from northeast to southwest, corresponding with the course of the mountain 
 ranges; likewise that the various layers have positions one above another at 
 different angles to the horizon. They have been broken up by some disturbing 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 139 
 
 element beneath, and have left their edges outcropping at various angles from 
 a level to a perpendicular. Along the range of South Mountain he will find 
 the rocks of a different character from those in the valley, being a hard, com- 
 pact, white sandstone, which rings when it is struck, and when broken has a 
 splmtery and sometimes discolored appearance. At the northern base of South 
 Mountain he encounters the great limestone formation, which obtains through- 
 out the whole length of Cumberland Valley. "It is usually of a bluish but 
 occasionally of a grey and nearly black color, generally pure enough to yield 
 excellent lime, but not unfrequently mixed with sand, clay, and oxide of iron. 
 Flint stones and fossils are also occasionally met with in some parts of this 
 formation. In the soil above it, iron ore is sometimes abundant enough to be 
 profitably worked; and indeed some of the most productive ore banks in the 
 State are found in it and its vicinity. Pipe ore and kindred varieties of that 
 material have bipen obtained of good quality in several localities in this lime- 
 stone region. About the middle of the valley, though with a very irregular 
 line of demarcation, we meet with a dark slate formation extending to the foot 
 of North Mountain; though its usual color is brown or bluish, it is sometimes 
 reddish and even yellow. Lying between the great limestone and the coarse 
 grey sandstone, it is sometimes intermingled with sandstone which contains 
 rounded pebbles forming conglomerate, but this is too silicious to receive a good 
 polish. The rocks of Kittatinny or North Mountain consist almost exclusively 
 of this massive grey limestone of various degrees of coarseness. They are not 
 valuable for either building or mineral purposes."* 
 
 Iron ore in extensive, and copper in limited quantities have been found; 
 "beneath the surface ore, inexhaustible deposits of magnetic iron conveniently 
 near to valuable beds of hematite, which lie either in fissures between the rocky 
 strata or over them in a highly ferruginous loam. This hematite is of every 
 possible variety and of immense quantities. When it has a columnar stalactite 
 structure it is known under the name of pipe ore. It usually yields a superior 
 iron, and at the same time is easily and profitably smelted. It generally pro- 
 duces at least fifty per cent of metallic iron. ' ' 
 
 The nature and fertility of soil are determined by the character of the un- 
 derlying rocks by whose disintegration it is produced. The limestone lands 
 are very productive. The slate lands, well improved by lime and other fertil- 
 izers, and properly cultivated by skilled labor, yield abundant crops. These 
 two kinds of soil, the limestone and the slate, are both rendered product- 
 ive. In fact, the entire belt of land in the valley is susceptible of the highest 
 cultivation, the only unproductive land lying along the sides of the mountain.. 
 And even this is prized highly for its timber; or, when cleared, for its graz- 
 ing and fruit-growing qualities. 
 
 Says Dr. Wing: " The natural productions of the soil, when it was first dis- 
 covered by white men, awakened admiration quite as much as the meadows 
 and the fields of grain have done at a later period. A rich luxurian.ce of grass 
 is said to have covered the whole valley, wild fruits abounded, and in some 
 parts the trees were of singular variety. Of the trees there were many species 
 of oak, white and black walnut, hickory, white, fed and sugar maple, cherry, 
 locust, sassafras, chestnut, ash, elm, linden, beech, white and scrub pine, 
 dogwood and iron-wood. The laurel, plum, juniper, persimmon, hazel, 
 wild currant, gooseberry, blackberry, raspberry, spice bush, sumac and the 
 more humble strawberry and dewberry and wintergreen almost covered the 
 open country; and their berries, in some instances, constituted no small por- 
 tion of the food of the Indians and the early settlers." 
 
 *State Geological Survey. 
 
140 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The climate of Cumberland Valley does not differ essentially from that 
 which prevails in the southeastern portion of the State. Hedged in by moun- 
 tains, the keenness and force of the Atlantic winds are necessarily somewhat 
 broken and modified; and yet strong mountain storms occasionally break in 
 upon its peaceful habitations. The statements of careful observers in- 
 duce the belief that perceptible changes in climate have occurred in the valley 
 since its first settlement. Owing, it is thought, to the disappearance of for- 
 ests and the consequently increased drainage of the lands, many streams are 
 less copious and violent, the averages of cold and heat are decreased, and the 
 moisture of the atmosphere is perceptibly diminished. Dr. Bush, of Phila- 
 delphia, a close observer of the climatology of the State from 1789 to 1805, 
 remarked that a material change had taken place since the days of the found- 
 ers : the cold of winters and the heat of summers were less uniform than they 
 had been for forty or fifty years before * * "The .variableness of 
 
 weather in our State," he continued, " is found south of 41° of latitude, 
 and north of that the winters are steady and in character with the Eastern and 
 Northern States; but no two successive seasons are alike, and even the same 
 months differ from each other in different years. There is but one steady 
 trait, and that is, it is uniformly variable ' ' 
 
 What Dr. C. P. Wing wrote in 1879, concerning Cumberland County, may 
 be applied with equal force to its daughter, Franklin County. Hear him: 
 ' 'Within the past thirty years, there have not been more than a score of days 
 when the thermometer fell below zero, and about as many when it rose above 
 ninety-seven. 
 
 " The summers more nearly resemble each other than do either of the other 
 seasons; most of the days are hot and clear, but interrupted by violent thunder 
 gusts, heavy rains from the northeast and warm showers from the south. 
 Snow sometimes covers the ground in winter for months, and at other times 
 there is scarcely enough for sleighing. The prevailing winds are, in summer, 
 from the northwest and southwest, the former bringing clear and the latter 
 cloudy weather; in winter, the northwest winds bring clear, cold weather, and 
 the northeastern, snow, storms and rain. The winter seldom sets in with sever- 
 ity until the latter part of December and commonly begins to moderate in Feb- 
 ruary. * Near the close of this latter month, or early in March, the snow dis- 
 appears, and in the beginning of April the fruit trees blossom and vegetation 
 commences. At this season, however, the atmosphere is often damp, chilly 
 and stormy, and until the beginning of May, there are frequent returns of wet 
 and disagreeable weather. Owing to these changes, vegetation advances very 
 unequally in different years, and the promising blossoms of the early spring are 
 often blasted by the frosts of April and May. The average of rain and snow 
 fall for three years was found to be, for the spring, 9.05 inches; for the sum- 
 mer, 9.67; for the autumn, 7.68; for the winter, 7.61, and for the whole year, 
 34.01. The autumn is usually the most agreeable season. The mornings and 
 evenings become cool about the middle of September, and soon after the equi- 
 noctial rain and after the first frosts of November commences that remarkable 
 peculiarity of our climate, the ' Indian summer. ' The name is probably de- 
 rived from the Indians, who were accustomed to say they always had a second 
 summer of nine days just before the winter set in. It was the favorite time for 
 their harvest, when they looked to gather in their corn, and when, from acci- 
 dent or design, on their hunting excursions, the woods and grass of the moun- 
 tains and prairies were burned and their game was driven from concealment. 
 
 *The compiler of this history spent the time from February 11 to December 14, 1886, in Franklin 
 <^ounty, during wliich he did not find it necessary to wear an overcoat. 
 
HI8T0BY OF FBANKLIN GOUNTY. 141 
 
 Certainly a more delightful climate, all things considered, it would be difficult 
 to find m the United States. A stagnant pool or swamp, sufficient to produce 
 malarious disease, is probably not known, and is scarcely possible on account 
 of the peculiar drainage of the soil. ' ' 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 PIONEER SETTLERS. 
 
 Two Classes: Scotch-Irish, their Origin, Arrivals, Character and Loca- 
 tions—Germans, Sketch of Persecutions, Arrivals, Trials, etc.— Trend. 
 OF Settlements in Cumberland Valley Westward— Shippensburg a Dis- 
 tributing Point— Settlements at Falling Spring- Sketch of Benjamin 
 Chambers- Other Settlements and Settlers in Various Parts of the 
 County— List of Taxables in 1751-52— Mason and Dixon's Line. 
 
 Ye pioneers, it is to you 
 
 The debt of gratitude is due; 
 
 Ye builded wiser thau ye knew 
 
 The broad foundation 
 
 On which our superstructure stands; 
 
 Your strong right arms and willing hands, 
 
 Your earnest efforts still command 
 
 Our veneration. — Pbakrk. 
 
 TWO general classes of people constituted the early settlers of Cumberland 
 Valley, viz: the Scotch-Irish and the Germans. 
 
 The Scotch-Irish were a numerous but honorable class who migrated to 
 Pennsylvania and other Eastern States at an early day. The origin of the term 
 is traceable to events that occurred early in the seventeenth century. James 
 I, of England [reign 1603-25], was very desirous of improving the civiliza- 
 tion of Ireland. The Irish Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconell having conspired 
 against the English Government, and been compelled to flee the country, their 
 estates, consisting of about 500, 000 acres, were confiscated. These estates the 
 king divided into small tracts, and induced many Protestant people from his 
 own country (Scotland) to locate upon them on condition that possession should 
 be taken within four years. 
 
 A second revolt occurring soon after, another large forfeiture of the six 
 counties in the Province of Ulster followed, the confiscated property being 
 seized by Government officials. The King, being a zealous Protestant, aimed 
 to root out the native Irish who were all Catholic, hostile to his government and 
 incessantly plotting against it. Their places he intended to supply with peo- 
 ple concerning whose loyalty he had no doubt, the sturdy inhabitants of his 
 own land, Scotland. Encouraged and aided by the Government, these Scotch 
 went in great numbers across to the near Province of Ulster, and took posses- 
 sion of the landp, which had been hitherto neglected and almost ruined by their 
 indolent occupants. They addressed themselves, at once, with intelligence 
 and industry, to reclaim the country and introduce a higher material and social 
 order of things. The counties of Antrim, Armagh, Caven, Donegal, Down, 
 Fermanagh, Londonderry, Monaghan and Tyrone — names familiar to all intel- 
 ligent Pennsylvanians — soon became prominent because of the new blood and 
 brains introduced. 
 
142 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Thus Protestantism was planted in Ireland. Its Scotch advocates, like 
 the Jews, have maintained a separate existence, refusing to intermarry with 
 their Irish neighbors. Protestant in religion, they have steadily refused to 
 unite with the Irish, Celtic in origin and Roman Catholic in faith. This 
 marked isolation has continued through a period of more than 250 years. 
 
 In the succeeding reign of Charles I (1625-49), a spirit of bitter retalia- 
 tion was engendered, on the part of the native Irish, against this foreign 
 element, resulting in a most deplorable condition of affairs. Incited by two 
 ambitious and unscrupulous leaders, Roger More and Philim O'Neale, the 
 Irish Catholics began, October 27, 1741, a massacre which continued ilntil 
 more than 40,000 victims were slaughtered. 
 
 Owing to these persecutions and others of similar nature during the suc- 
 ceeding century, owing to the want of religious toleration by the reigning 
 powers, owing to their inability to renew their land rents on satisfactory 
 terms and owing to the general freedom offered them by William Penn in his 
 new American colony — tree lands, free speech, free worship and free govern- 
 ment — ^these Scotch settlers left the north of Ireland and came to America by 
 thousands, where they are known as Scotch-Irish. 
 
 According to "Watson, these ' ' immigrants did not come to Pennsylvania as 
 soon as the Germans, " few, if any, arriving prior to 1719. The first arrivals 
 usually settled near the disputed line between Maryland and Pennsylvania. 
 James Logan (an intelligent and influential representative of the Penn govern- 
 ment, and though of Irish extraction thoroughly in sympathy with the Quaker 
 principles) complains, in 1724, to the proprietaries of these people as "bold 
 and indigent strangers ' ' because they had taken up lands near the disputed 
 line without securing proper authority from him as the representative of the 
 Government. In 1725 he stated that at least 100,000 acres of land were 
 possessed "by persons (including Germans) who resolutely set down and 
 improved it without any right to it," and that he was "much at a loss to deter- 
 mine how to dispossess them." In 1728, 4,500 persons, chiefly from Ireland, 
 arrived in New Castle. In 1729 Logan expressed his gratification that parlia- 
 ment was ' ' about to take measures to prevent the too free emigration to this 
 country," intimating that the prospects were that Ireland was about "to send 
 all her inhabitants hither, for last week not less than six ships arrived." "It 
 is strange," continued he, "that they thus crowd where they are not wanted. 
 The common fear is that if they continue to come, they will make themselves 
 proprietors of the province. " In 1730 he again complains of them as " auda- 
 cious and disorderly " for having, by force, taken possession of the Conestoga 
 Manor, containing 15, 000 acres of the ' ' best land in the country. ' ' Of this they 
 were, by the sheriff, subsequently dispossessed and their cabins burned. 
 About the same time, he says, in another letter, "I must own, from my own 
 ■experience in the land office, that the settlement of five families from Ireland 
 gives me more trouble than fifty of any other people." 
 
 The captious spirit manifested by Logan against both German and Scotch- 
 Irish settlers, and especially the latter, and which was subsequently shared, to 
 some extent, by Peters, Dickinson and Franklin, is readily accounted for by 
 his fear of losing his position in the Government, should any other than the 
 Quaker influence prevail. 
 
 From 1730 to 1740 the influx was great. Settlements were commenced in 
 Cumberland (then Lancaster) County in 1730 and 1731, the Chambers broth- 
 ers having crossed west of the Susquehanna about that time. After 1736, 
 during the month of September, in which year alone 1,000 families are said 
 to have sailed from Belfast, the influx into the Kittochtinny Valley, west of 
 
HISTOKY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 143 
 
 the Susquehanna, increased rapidly; for, in 1748, the number of taxables, not 
 counting the fifty Germans, was about 800. 
 
 Soon after the erection of Cumberland County (1750), " in consequence of 
 the frequent disturbances between the governor and Irish settlers, the proprie- 
 taries gave orders to their agents to sell no lands in either York or Lancaster 
 Counties to the Irish; and also to make to the Irish settlers in Paxton, Swa- 
 tara and Donegal Townships advantageous ofPers of removal to Cumberland 
 County, which offers being liberal were accepted by many. " 
 
 Injustice has been done to the Scotch-Irish settlers of these early days by 
 two classes of vsriters : first, those who were actuated by jealousy, as was Lo- 
 gan, in his inability to see good in any classes not directly connected with the 
 original Friend or Penn element; secondly, those who have failed to study 
 carefully the circumstances which surrounded the Scotch-Irish immigrants in 
 their settlements and conduct toward the Indians. Under these circumstances 
 we are not surprised to hear Mr. Sherman Day, in his Historical Collections 
 of Pennsylvania, call them " a pertinacious and pugnacious race, " ' ' pushing 
 their settlements upon unpurchased lands about the Juniata, producing fresh 
 exasperation among the Indians." "As the result of this," he continues, 
 "massacres ensued, the settlers were driven below the mountains, and the 
 whole province was alive with the alarms and excitements of war." 
 
 In reply to these serious charges, Judge George Chambers, in his "Tribute 
 to the Principles, Virtues, Habits and Public Usefulness of the Irish and 
 Scotch Early Settlers of Pennsylvania," a carefully written and most admira- 
 ble little book, enters a most emphatic protest. Without attempting to pre- 
 sent in detail the facts which enable him to reach his conclusions, we give a 
 brief summary of his argument: Admitting the aggressive character of the 
 early Scotch- Irish settlers in pushing into the forests and occupying lands, the 
 outrages and massacres by the Indians were, nevertheless, not the direct result 
 of these encroachments, but a retaliatory protest against the unjust manner in 
 which their lands and hunting grounds had been taken from them by so-called 
 purchases and treaties with the government. By the cession of 1737, the Indi- 
 ans were to convey lands on the Delaware to extend back into the woods as 
 far as man can go in one day and a half. By the treaty of Albany, in 1754, 
 between the Proprietary of Pennsylvania and the Six Nations, nearly all the 
 lands claimed by them in the province were ceded for the small sum of £400. 
 The dissatisfaction produced by this cession, which the Indians claim they did 
 not understand, was fanned by the French into open hostility, manifesting 
 itself in the indiscriminate and wholesale devastation and massacres following 
 the Braddock campaign. The wrongs of the government, and not the en- 
 croachments of a few daring settlers, it is claimed by Mr. Chambers, produced 
 these destructive Indian outrages. Gov. Morris, in his address to the Assembly, 
 of Novembers, 1755, clearly reminds them "that it seemed clear, from the 
 different accounts he had received, that the French had gained to their interest 
 the Delaware and Shawnese Indians, under the ensnaring pretense of restoring 
 them to their country." 
 
 The Assembly, in their reply to Gov. Denny, in June, 1757, say: "It is 
 rendered beyond contradiction plain, that the cause of the present Indian in- 
 cursions in this province, and the dreadful calamities many of the inhabitants 
 have suffered, have arisen, in a great measure, from the exorbitant and unrea- 
 sonable purchases made, or supposed to be made of the Indians, and the man- 
 ner of making them — so exorbitant, that the natives complain that they have 
 not a country left to subsist in."— Smith's Laws. 
 
 A careful study of these people clearly shows that, while they were aggress- 
 
144 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ive, they moved along the line of a higher civilization; while they were firm 
 in their convictions, fiiey advocated the rights of man to liberty of thought and 
 action; while they cherished many of the institutions and beliefs of the old 
 country, they were intensely patriotic and loyal to the new; and while they 
 possessed what they regarded the best lands, they were just in their dealings 
 with the untutored red man. These were the people who laid broad and deep 
 the foundations of social, educational and religious liberty in America. 
 
 The German immigrants, as a class, were hardy, industrious, honest and 
 economical, retaining, to a great extent, the prejudices, superstitions, manners, 
 language and characteristics of the fatherland. Like the Scotch-Irish, their 
 migration to America was the result of a deprivation of certain religious rights 
 in their native countries, and a desire to improve their physical condition in 
 the new world. 
 
 Like the Scotch-Irish, they, too, were Protestants, belonging to different 
 denominations: (1) The Swiss Mennonites were among the earliest to come, 
 about the beginning of the last century, and settled in the neighborhood of 
 Philadelphia and at Pequea and other points in what is now Lancaster County. 
 They were orderly, hone.st, peaceable and advocates of non-resistant or peace 
 principles. (2) German Baptists (Dunkards), Moravians, Seventh-day Bap- 
 tists. (3) Lutherans and German Eeformed, the latter two constituting the 
 great body of the arrivals, and furnishing the aggressive element of the new 
 settlers. They came later than the others and entered new fields. 
 
 Many of these early Germans, having first located 'in the State of New 
 York, were dissatisfied with the unjust treatment received at the hands of the 
 authorities, and therefore came to Pennsylvania. They wrote messages to 
 their friends in Europe, advising them to shun New York and come direct to 
 the province of Penn, which afPorded superior inducements. 
 
 Their arrivals in the province were, briefly: Henry Prey came two years 
 earlier than William Penn and one Platenbach a few years later. In 1682 a 
 colony arrived and formed a settlement at Germantown; and in 1684-85, a com- 
 pany of ten persons was formed in Germany, called the Frankfort Land Com- 
 pany, of which F. D. Pastorius was appointed attorney. They bought 25,000 
 acres of land from Penn, in addition to other tracts. From 1700 to 1720, the 
 Palatines, so called because they sprang principally from the Palatinate in Ger- 
 many, whither they had been driven by persecutions in various parts of Europe, 
 came in vast numbers. They suffered great privations. In 1708-09, more than 
 10,000 went to England, where, in a sickly and starving condition, they were 
 cared for by the generous Qaaaa Anue who, at an expense to herself of 
 £135,775, alleviated theu* sufferings in that country and assisted them to come 
 to New York and Pennsylvania. Their number was so great as to draw from 
 James Logan, secretary of the province of Pennsylvania in 1717, the remark: 
 " We have, of late, a great number of Palatines poured in upon us without any 
 recommendation or notice, which gives the country some uneasiness; for for- 
 eigners do not so well among us as our own English people." In 1719 Jona- 
 than Dickinson said: "We are daily expecting ships from London, which bring 
 over Palatines, in number about six or seven thousand. " 
 
 The arrivals from 1720 to 1730 were so numerous as to produce some 
 alarm lest the colony should become a German one. Says Rupp : "To arrest 
 in some degree the influx of Germans, the assembly assessed a tax of twenty 
 shillings a head on newly arrived servants; for as early as 1722 there were a 
 number of Palatine servants or Redemptioners sold to serve a term of three or 
 four years at £10 each to pay their freight. ' ' 
 
 From 1730 to 1740, about sixty-five vessels well filled with immigrants, 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 145 
 
 having with them their own preachers and teachers, landed at Philadelphia, 
 from which they scattered in various directions; many of these located in York 
 County. 
 
 From 1740 to 1755, more than a hundred vessels arrived, some of them, 
 though small, containing from 500 to 600 passengers. In the summer and 
 autumn of 1749, not less than 12,000 came. This period — 1740 to 1755 — 
 witnessed many outrages upon the unsuspecting passengers. Within the State 
 were certain Germans known as neulaenders, who, having resided in this 
 country long enough to understand the business, profited by the ignorance and 
 credulity of their own people abroad. Going to various parts of Germany and 
 presenting the new world in glowing colors, they induced, by misrepresenta- 
 tions and fraudulent practices, many of their friends and kinsmen to sell, and 
 in some cases even to abandon their property and forsake their firesides in 
 order to reach this new land of promise. Many, starting with inadequate 
 means, were unable to pay their passage, and on arriving were sold for a series 
 of years as servants, to liquidate their claims. These were called redemption- 
 ers, or Palatine servants. 
 
 The number of Germans in Pennsylvania about 1755 was from 60,000 to 
 70,000. About nine-tenths of the first settlers of York County, then including 
 Adams, were Germans. The great influx into Cumberland County which, with 
 the exception of a few English, was settled almost exclusively by Scotch and 
 Scotch-Irish, began about 1770; though as early as the period from 1736 to 
 1745, there were found in the Conococheague settlements, the Snivelys, Schnei- 
 ders, Piscackers, Liepers, Ijedermans, Haricks, Laws, Kolps, Gabriels, Ring- 
 ers, Steiners, Senseneys, Radebachs, Eeischers, Wolffs, Schneidts.* Rev. 
 Michael Schlatter, a German reformed minister,- in a letter dated May 9, 1748, 
 thus describes a visit through the valley: "On the Conogogig we reached the 
 house of an honest Schweitzer [supposed to be Jacob Snively, of Antrim 
 Township,] where we received kind entertainment with thankfulness. In this 
 neighborhood there are very fine lands for cultivation and pasture, exceedingly 
 fruitful without the application of manures. Turkish corn (Indian maize) 
 grows to the height of ten feet and higher, and the grasses are remarkably 
 fine. Hereabout, there still remain a good number of Indians, the original 
 dwellers of the soil. They are hospitable and quiet, and well affected to the 
 Christians until the latter make them drunk with strong drink." 
 
 The original German has, by imperceptible changes, been gradually trans- 
 formed into a being very unlike the original, known as the Pennsylvania 
 Dutch. The latter has in him more of the democratic spirit, which ignores 
 the clanuishness of the olden time and forms friendships and alliances with 
 people of other nationalities. The dialect, Pennsylvania Dutch, is sui generis 
 an anomaly in the domain of language. Its possessor is a cosmopolitan, fond 
 of social life, ambitious and industrious, and in these latter days quite fond of 
 public office and other " soft places." He is destined to take the land. 
 
 The three original counties of Pennsylvania, established by William Penn 
 in 1682, were Chester, Philadelphia and Bucks. Chester County included all 
 the land (except a small portion of Philadelphia County) southwest of the 
 Schuylkill to the extreme limits of the State. Lancaster County was formed 
 and taken from Chester May 10, 1729; York was taken from Lancaster August 
 9, 1749. Cumberland County remained a part of Lancaster until it was itself 
 erected a separate county, January 27, 1750. Franklin County, the then 
 southwestern part of Cumberland, and known as the "Conococheague Settle- 
 ment," was established September 9, 1784. To understand the early history 
 of this county, the reader will need, therefore, to bear in mind two facts: 
 
 ♦Rupp. 
 
146 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 1. Prior to January 27, 1750, its territory (with the exception of Warren 
 Township) was found in the county of Lancaster. 
 
 2. From January 27, 1750, to September 9, 1784, it belonged to Cumber- 
 land County. Since the latter date (September 9, 1784,) it has had a distinct 
 organization of its own. 
 
 Long prior to Greeley's famous advice, "Go west, young man," or Bishop 
 Berkley^s oft-quoted "Westward the course of empire takes its way," the 
 tide of migration was toward the setting sun. Since the race began, the line 
 of movement has been along the parallels, and in the direction of the receding 
 darkness. The early settlers of the Kittatinny or Cumberland Valley came 
 from the older eastern counties, where they located soon after their landing on 
 the Atlantic coast. No record exists of those who may have wandered through 
 this region on prospecting or hunting tours, if any such adventurers ever did 
 make these hazardous trips. As early as 1719, John Hams had commenced a 
 settlement near the present site of Harrisburg, and for many years afterward 
 ran a ferry across the Susquehanna at that point known as Han-is' Ferry. On 
 either side of the river were Indian villages, the one where Harris lived being 
 known as Peixtan or Paxtan. On the western side of the river, at the mouth 
 of the Conodoguinet, at the present site of Bridgeport, and at the mouth of 
 the Yellow Breeches, were three Indians towns, at which trading posts were 
 established. At the last-named place, James Chartier, an Indian trader, had 
 a store and landing place. It is claimed by some that James Le Tort, one of 
 these traders, after whom the beautiful stream in Cumberland County was 
 named, lived at a very early period at a place called Beaver Pond, near the 
 present site of Carlisle. 
 
 What is now Cumberland County had settlements at various points away 
 from the river. Eichard Parker and his wife settled three miles north of Car- 
 lisle in 1724. His application at the land office in 1734 was for a warrant to 
 land on which he "had resided ye ten years past." George Croghan, an 
 Indian trader, whose name occurs frequently in early records, lived about five 
 miles from the river on the north side of the Conodoguinet. He owned tracts 
 in various parts of the county, a large one being north of Shippensburg. He 
 did not cultivate all these, but changed about as his convenience and trade 
 demanded. He was an Irishman of common education, and in later years 
 lived at Aughwick or Old Town, west of the North Mountains, where he was 
 trusted as an Indian agent. In the settlement commenced by James Cham- 
 bers near Newville, then known as Big Spring, a group of inhabitants, so 
 numerous as to form and support a religious society as early as 1738, was 
 found, consisting of David Ealston, Eobert Patterson, James McKehan, John 
 Carson, John Erwin, Eichard Fulton, Samuel McCuUough and Samuel Boyd. 
 Eobert Chambers, brother of the preceding, as well as of Benjamin, who 
 located at Falling Spring, formed a prosperous settlement near Middle Spring, 
 about two miles north of Shippensburg, at the same early date. The first set- 
 tlers were such men as Hugh and David Herron, Eobert McComb, Alexander 
 and James Yoimg, Alexander McNutt, Archibald, John and Eobert Machan, 
 James Scott, Alexander Sterrett, Wm. and John Piper, Hugh and Joseph 
 ferady, John and Eobert McCune and Charles Moitow. In asking that the 
 State road, which was laid out in 1735-36, might be directed through that 
 neighborhood rather than through Shippensburg, the petitioners claimed that 
 theirs was the more thickly settled part. By some* it is claimed that in the 
 Middle Spring settlement the first land in the Cumberland Valley taken under 
 
 •Historical dlscouree of Eev. S. S. Wylle at the Centennial celebration of Middle Spring. This claim, how- 
 ever, is incorrect. Blunston's license to Benjamin Chambers at Falling Spring was dated March 30, 1T34. 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 149 
 
 authority of the "Blunston Licenses*" and assigned to Benjamin Furley, -was 
 located. According to the record in the county surveyor' s office at Chambers- 
 burg, this tract, embracing some 1,09-4 acres and allowancos, warranted De- 
 cember 13, 1735, and surveyed April 15, 1738,was situated on the Conodoguinet 
 Creek in what was then Pennsborough Township, Lancaster County, but now 
 Southampton Township, Franklin County. It was subsequently occupied by 
 William, David, James and Francis Herron. William Young and John Watt. 
 Where Shippensburg now stands, a settlement was made as early as 1730. 
 In June of that year, according to Hon. John McCardy, the following persona 
 came to that locality and built their habitations: Alexander Steen, John 
 MeCall, Richard Morrow, Gavin Morrow, John Culbertson, Hugh Rippey, 
 John Rippey, John Strain, Alexander Askey, John McAllister, David Magaw 
 and John Johnston. They were soon followed by Benjamin Blythe, John 
 Campbell and Robert Caskey. From this settlement ultimately sprang a vil- 
 lage older than any other in the Cumberland Valley. It was a distributing 
 point for settlers, and hence important, as will be shown by the following let- 
 ter written therefrom : 
 
 May 31. 1733. 
 Dear Johit: I wish you would see John' Harris, 'at the ferry, and get him to write 
 to the Governor, to see if he can't get some guns for us; Ihare's a good wheen of ingns 
 about here, and I fear they intend to give us a good deal of troubbel, and may do us a grate 
 dale of harm. We was tliree days on our journey coming from Harrisses ferry here. We 
 could not make much speed on Account of the childer; they could not get oh as fast as 
 Jane and me. I think we will like this part of the country when we get our cabbin puilt, 
 1 put it on a level peese of groun, near the road or path in the woods at the fut of a bill. 
 There is a fine stream of waiter that comes from a spring a half a mile south of where 
 our Cabbin is bilt. I would have put it near the waiter, but tlie land is lo and wet. John 
 McCall, Alick Steen and John Rippey bilt theirs near the stream. Hugh' Rippey's daugh- 
 ter Mary (was) berried yesterday; this will be sad news to Andrew Simpson, when it 
 reaches Maguire's bridge. He is to come over in the fall when they were to be married. 
 Mary was a verry purty gerl; she died of a faver, and they berried her up on rising groun, 
 north of the road or path where we made choice of a peese of groun for a graveyard. 
 She was ihe furst berried there. Poor Hugh has none left now but his wife, Sani and lit- 
 tle Isabel. There is plenty of timmer south of us. We have 18 cabbins bilt liere now. 
 and it looks (like) a town, but we have no name for it. I'll send this with John Simpsoa 
 when he goes back to paxtan. Come up Soon; our cabbin will be ready to go into a week 
 and you can go in till you get wan bilt; we have planted some corn and potatoes. Oaq 
 McGee, John Sloan and Robert Moore was here and left last week. Remember us io Mary 
 and the childer; we are all well. Tell Billy Parker to come up soon and bring Naney 
 with him. I know he will like the country. I forgot to tell you that Sally Brown wasi 
 bit by a snaik, but she is out of danger. Come up soon. 
 
 Yr. aft. brother, 
 
 James Magraw. 
 
 The first settlement, in what is now Franklin County, was made in 1730, at 
 Falling Spring (now Chambersburg) — the confluence of the two streams. Fall- 
 ing Spring and Conococheague — by Col. Benjamin Chambers and his older 
 brother, Joseph. Between 1726 and 1730, four brothers, James, Robert, Jo. 
 seph and Benjamin Chambers, emigrated from the county of Antrim, Ireland, 
 to the province of Pennsylvania. They settled and built a mill shortly n'iet 
 their arrival, at the mouth of Fishing Creek, in what is now Dauphin County, 
 
 *Sarauel Blunston of Wright's Ferry (now Columbia) was authorized by the proprietariesjto make a p.ar- 
 tial survey of land and to grant to settlers permission to take up and improve, or continue to Improve, suclt 
 lands as they desired, with the promise that a more perfect title should be given them when tbe Indian claims 
 should be extinguished. The Indians were also assured that these claims would be satisfied as soon a-s the 
 pending Indian treaties should be completed. The first of these licenses was dated January 24, 1733-34 and 
 the last October 31, 1737. Appended is a copy of one of these; 
 
 "Lancaster Cott.nty, ss. — By the Proprietary; These are to license, and allow Andrew Ualfiton to con* 
 tinue to improve and dwell on a tract of two hundred acres of land on the Great "^prins, a branch of the Cone^ 
 doguinet, joyning to the upper side of a tract granted to Randle Chambers for the u<e of his sou, .Tames Clham- 
 bers; to be hereafter surveyed to the said Kalston on the common terms other lands in those parts are 'sold; 
 provided the same has not been already granted to any other person, and so much can be had withnut prejudice 
 to other tracts before granted. Given under my hand this third day of .lanuary, Auno Domini, 1 73(i--7. 
 
 Pkkmsylvahia, ss. Sa. Br.n.-JSTosii." 
 
 g 
 
150 HISTOKY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 where they occupied a tract of fine land. These brothers were among the 
 first to explore and settle the valley. James mnde a settlement at the head of 
 Great Spring, near Newville; Eobert, at the head of Middle Spiing, near 
 Shippensburg, and Joseph and Benjamin at Falling Spring, where Chambers- 
 burg now stands. 
 
 By an arrangement among the brothers, Joseph returned to supervise their 
 property at the mouth of Fishing Creek, and Benjamin remained to develop 
 the settlement at Falling Spring. He built a one-storied hewed-log house 
 which he covered with lapped cedar shingles secured by nails — an innovation 
 upon the prevailing style of architecture, which consisted of a round log struct- 
 ure covered with a roof of clapboards, held in position by beams and wooden 
 pins. Having completed this, the finest jesidence in the settlement, he ad- 
 dressed himself to clearing land, erecting necessary buildings and planning 
 the future growth of the colony. Some time after this, Benjamin had occa- 
 sion to visit his former homestead at Fishing Creek. Returning, he found his 
 house had been burned by some avaricious person for the ' ' sake of the nails, ' ' 
 which were a rarity in those days. 
 
 Subsequently Mr. Chambers received what was then the only authority 
 for the taking up and occupying of land. The following is a copy of the inter- 
 esting instrument, which was a narrow strip of common writing paper, the 
 chirography on which would not stand the crucial test of modern straight 
 lines, ovals and right and left curves. 
 
 Pennsylvania, ss. 
 
 By order of the Proprietary. These are to License and allow Benjamin Chambers to 
 take and settle and Improve of four hundred acres of Land at the falling spring's mouth 
 and on both sides of the Conegochege Creek for the conveniency of a Grist Mill and plan- 
 tation. To be hereafter surveyed to the said Benjamin on the common terms other Landa 
 in those parts are sold. Given under my hand this thirtieth day of March, 1734. 
 
 Lancaster Coitnty. Samuel Blunston. 
 
 A mill-wright by occupation, he at onco erected a saw-mill and subsequently 
 a flouring-mill. These were both indispensable to the comfort and growth of the 
 settlement, and were evidently heralded as strong inducements for others to cast 
 in their lot with this growing colony. The saw-mill stood on what is known as 
 the " Island," a few rods northwest of where the woolen-mill now stands; the 
 flouring-mill, constructed mainly of logs, stood near the residence of its owner. 
 It was shortly destroyed by fire, but its place was occupied by a new one, whose 
 walls were made of stone. 
 
 Benjamin Chambers was upward of twenty one years of age when he settled 
 at Falling Spring. His death occurring February 17, 1788, in his eightieth year, 
 he must have been born about 1708 or 1709. Shortly after (1741), he married a 
 Miss Patterson, residing near Lancaster, who was the mother of his eldest son, 
 James. She lived but a few years. In 1748 he married a second time, his 
 choice being a Miss Williams, the daughter of a Welsh clergyman living in 
 Virginia. She bore seven children, viz. : Euhamah, married to Dr. Calhoun ; 
 William; Benjamin; Jane, married to Adam Ross; Joseph, George and Hetty, 
 married to Wm. M. Brown, Esq. 
 
 He used his influence with his acquaintances to settle in his neighborhood, 
 directing their attention to desirable locations for farms. He was early com- 
 missioned a justice of the peace, and later a colonel of the militia organized. 
 He served as a daysman to adjust many controversies between his neighbors, 
 and thus became a general counselor in the community. During the contro- 
 versy between Lord Baltimore and the Penns, concerning the boundary between 
 Pennsylvania and Maryland, he went to England to assist, by his evidence and 
 advice, in the adjustment of the difficulties involved. From England he went 
 
HISTORY OF PEANKLIN COUNTY. 151 
 
 to Ireland, his native soil, where he induced many acquaintances with their 
 families to remove to his new settlement. 
 
 In 1764 Col. Chambers laid out the town of Chambersburg, whose history 
 is sketched elsewhere in this volume. The history of this sturdy early settler 
 is the history of the county and of the commonwealth for more than half a 
 century. From the time he landed at the Falling Spring till his declining 
 health rendered further activity impossible, he was the acknowledged leader of 
 the people in all civil, military and religious movements. 
 
 We have no means of determining the exact order of settlements in other 
 parts of the county. 
 
 In what is Antrim Township there must have been settlers as early as 
 
 1734. In the Johnston graveyard, near Shady Grove, is a tablet bearing the 
 name of James Johnston, who died in 1765. " From documents still extant," 
 says the inscription, ' ' he settled on the land on whjch he died as early as 
 
 1735, and was probably the first white settler in what is now Antrim Township, 
 Franklin County." He had two sons, James and Thomas, both of whom 
 wery colonels in the Revolutionary war. About the same time settlements 
 were made near the present site of Green Castle, by Joseph Crunkleton, Jacob 
 Snively and James Body. Snively was the progenitor of a large and respecta- 
 ble family, many of whom still live in the township, concerning whom much 
 will be said in the township and biographical sketches. * 
 
 At that time the settlements in the county were known in the aggregate as 
 the ' ' Conococheague Settlement. ' ' Owing to the peculiar condition of land 
 arrangements, settlers occupied certain tracts by virtue of a sort of ' ' squatter 
 possession, ' ' each one choosing a site according to his taste. Hence, families 
 lived, often, for a series of years on tracts before they received proper legal 
 authority for the same. 
 
 On the west bank of the Conococheague, near the present site of Bridge- 
 port, in Peters Township, settled William McDowell in 1730 or 1731. He had 
 a large family of sons and daughters, who became prominent in the subsequent 
 development of the country. The records of the surveyor's office show that 
 warrants for land were held in what is Peters Township, as early as 1737, by 
 Bev. John Black and Samuel Harris; 1738, Andrew McCleary; 1742, Henry 
 Johnston and John Taylor; 1743, James Glenn, William Burney and James 
 McClellan; 1744, Eobert McClellan. By McCauley it is claimed that some of 
 these were settlers as early as 1730. They were mainly Scotch-Irish, as will be 
 seen by the names. 
 
 Path VaUey had early settlers, likewise. The records of the surveyor's 
 office show that Samuel Bechtel had a wan-ant in what is now Fannett Town- 
 ship, for 176 acres, which bore date January 24, 1737, and was surveyed the 
 24th of the following May by Zach. Butcher, deputy surveyor. At that time 
 it was in Hopewell Township, Lancaster County. The same records show that 
 Thomas Doyle had a warrant in same region for 530 acres, dated November 
 29, 1737, and surveyed December 30 following. Neither of these men had 
 neighbors immediately adjoining them, showing the settlements to be sparse. 
 Settlements must have been made quite rapidly in the valley, notwithstanding 
 its ownership by the Indians; for in 1750 Richard Peters, secretary of the com- 
 monwealth, in a letter to the governor dated July 2, in which he gives an 
 account of the removal of certain citizens because of their encroachments on 
 interdicted territory, says: "On Wednesday, the 30th of May, the magis- 
 
 *Some of the earliest warrants found in the surTeyor's ofBce bear date as follows: 17.37, John Mitchell, 
 David McGaw; 1738 David Scott, George Eeynolds ; 1740-42, David Kennedy, Humphrey Jones ; 1743-60, John 
 Potter, Samuel McPherren, John Brotherton, ilobert Wallace, William Magaw, Thomas Foe, George Gibson, 
 William Smith, Jacob Snively, William Allisoc , Abraham Gable and John Davison. 
 
152 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 trates* and companyf , being detained two days by rain, proceeded over the 
 Kittochtinny Mountains, and entered into Tuscara [Tuscarora] Path or Path 
 Valley, through which the road to Alleghany lies. Many settlements were 
 formed in this valley, and all the people were sent for, and the following per- 
 sons appeared, viz. : Abraham Slach, James Blair, Moses Moore, Arthur Dun- 
 lap, Alexander McCartie, David Lewis, Adam McCartie, Felix Doyle, Andi-ew 
 Dunlap, Robert Wilson, Jacob Pyatt, Jacob Pyatt, Jr. , William Eamage, Rey- 
 nolds Alexander, Samuel Patterson, Robert Baker, John Armstrong and John 
 Potts, who were all convicted, by their own confession to the magistrates, of the 
 like trespasses with those at Shearman's Creek, and were bound in the like 
 recognizances to appear at court, and [give] bonds to the proprietaries to remove, 
 with all their families, servants, cattle and effects, and having all voluntarily 
 given possession of their houses to me, some ordinary log houses, to the num- 
 ber of eleven, were burnt to the ground, the trespassers, most of them cheer- 
 fully and a very few of them with reluctance, carrying out all their goods. 
 Some had been deserted before, and lay waste. ' ' 
 
 John Hastin was one of the early settlers on the line of Lurgan and Letter- 
 kenny Townships. He may have radiated from Shippensburg as a center. 
 The statement of his survey, made by Zach. Butcher, D. S. , November 4, 1736, 
 says: "By virtue of a warrant from the honorable proprietaries, bearing date 
 
 , I have surveyed and laid out unto John Hastin, in the township 
 
 of Hopewell, in the county of Lancaster, on the west side of the Susquehanna 
 River, six hundred and three acres of land with allowance of six per cent." 
 The warrant, it seems, though no date is given, was of prior time. Francis 
 and Samuel Jones are represented as neighbors. 
 
 John Reynolds had a warrant for land, in what is now Lurgan Township, 
 dated October 6, 1738, and surveyed May 16, 1743. His neighbors at the 
 time were Robert Edmonson, Samuel Reynolds and Edward Shippen, Esq. 
 In what is now Hamilton Township, warrants were issued in 1737 to Matthew 
 Patton and George Leonard; in 1738 to David Black and Samuel Morehead. 
 Their neighbors at the time were Samuel Jones, Nathaniel Newlins, Robert 
 Patton, James Brotherton, Adam Hoops, Benjamin Gass, James Young, 
 Thomas Morehead and Thomas Patterson. In Montgomery, as it now exjsts, 
 was Philip Davis in 1737 ; James Harland and John Davyrich were his neigh- 
 bors; in 1740, Thonlas Evans, with David Alexander, John Davis and Aaron 
 Alexander as neighbors; in 1743, William Maxwell, with John McLellandand 
 Robert McCoy as neighbors; and in same year, Robert Culbertson, with Will- 
 iam and Thomas Dinwiddy and James Gardner as neighbors. About the same 
 time, also, Alexander Brown, Thomas Sellers, John McClell an, Walter Beatty, 
 Alex White, Wilson Halliday and Martha Howry were settlers. In the 
 present Southampton, Rev. John Blair and Thomas Edmundson had warrants 
 as early as 1743. 
 
 In St. Thomas were, 1738, Thomas Armstrong; in 1742, John HoUiday; 
 1743 and 1744, Robert Clugadge, James Campbell, George Galloway, Michael 
 Campbell, William Campbell, George Cuming, John McConnell, Samuel Mc- 
 Clintock, Robert Ritchey. 
 
 In Greene the oldest warrant found was that of Joseph Culbertson, in 1744. 
 Alexander Culbertson had one dated 1749. Their neighbors at the time were 
 John Neal, William Carr, Reuben Gillespie, John Stump. This settlement 
 was known as Culbertson' s Row. 
 
 At the early period we have thus far borne in mind. Little Cove seems not 
 
 •Matthew Dill, George Croghan, Benjamin Chambers, Thomas Wilson, John Findlay and James Galbreatb, 
 Eaqs., justices of the county of Cumberland. 
 tUnder-sheriff of Cumberland County. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 153 
 
 to have been settled, it being greatly exposed to Indian depredations. As a 
 rule, warrants date from 1755, the earliest one found, to 1769, between which 
 dates are found Enoch Williams, Eees Shelby, William Smith, William Pin- 
 dell, Evan Phillips, Samuel Owen, James McClellan, Hugh Martin, John Mar- 
 tin, David Huston, Lewis Davis and David Brown. 
 
 Washington Township, it seems, was not settled so early as some of the 
 eastern and southwestern districts. It and Quincy Township became largely 
 the homes of the Germans, who crossed South Mountain from York and Ad- 
 ams Counties. Warrants from 1743 to 1750 embrace Michael Legate, John 
 Markley, John Moorhead, James Johnston, Jacob Beesecker, Edward Nichols, 
 Michael Raumsawher, Mathias Ringer, John Stoner, John Steiner, John Snow- 
 berger, James Whitehead and John Wallace. 
 
 In Quincy, between same dates, George Cook, William Patrick, John 
 Leeper, James Jack. 
 
 It is much to be regretted that the names of these early pioneers, who 
 struggled so heroically against the wilds of the forest and the depredations of 
 the savages, have not been more carefully preserved. We append, however, a 
 list of taxable names in 1751 and 1752. From it may be learned the general 
 locations of these settlers: 
 
 TAXABLES' NAMES, 1751 AND 1752. 
 
 In Antrim Township — which embraced the territory now in Antrim, Wash- 
 ington and Quincy Townships — the taxables' names were as follows: William 
 Allison, Widow Adams, Joshua Alexander, Themas Brown, Jacob Batterly, 
 William Brotherton, John Chambers, George Cassil, William Clark, William 
 Cross, Joshua Coal, Josh. Crunkleton, Jr., Peter Craul, John Crunkleton, 
 William Dunbar, Thomas Davis, John Davies, Henry Dutch, David Dun- 
 can, William Erwin, Robert Erwin, James Finley, William Grimes, Nicholas 
 Gulp, John Gyles, Lorance Galocher, Thomas Grogan, George Gordon, Abra- 
 ham Gabriel, Paulus Harick, Robert Harkness, William Hall, Nath. Harkness, 
 Christian Hicks, Robert Hamilton, Adam Hoops, James Jack, James Johnston, 
 Peter Johnston, Henry Kefort, James Kerr, David Kennedy, Widow Leiper, 
 Peter Leiper, Kath. Leatherman, Dietrich Lauw, James Lilon, Thomas 
 Long, William McGaw, Samuel McFaran, John Mitchel, William McAlmory, 
 WUliam Meams, William McLean, George Martin, John Monk, John Moor- 
 head, John McMath, William McBriar, David McBriar, James McBride. Josh. 
 McFaran, David McClellan, James MoClanahan, Hugh McClellan, Patrick 
 Mclntire, Arch. McClean, Samuel Monagh, William McClellan, John Moor,' 
 John McCoon, John McDowell, Alexander Miller, James McKee, Patrick Mc- 
 Clarin, Edward Nichols, Thomas Nisbit, Jacob Pisacker, Thomas Patterson, 
 John Pritchet, Thomas Poa, Henry Pauling, John Potter, James Paile, Will- 
 iam Patrick, James Pattro, John Reynolds, William Rankin, William Ram- 
 sey, James Ramsey, John Roass, Mathias Ringer, Joseph Roddy, John Roal, 
 Samuel Smith, John Scott, Robert Southerland, John Smith, James Scott, 
 Daniel Scott^ John Staret, Henry Stall, Jacob Snider, William Shanon, Jacob 
 Snively, John Stoaner, Katharine Thomson, Anthony Thomson, Moses Thom- 
 son, Joseph Walter, John Willocks, John Wallace. Freemen: E. Alexander, 
 Alex. Cook, W. Campbel, Jacob Gabrial, Hugh Galocher, Adam Murray, 
 Hugh McKee, Daniel McCoy, Daniel McCowan, Wm. McGaughey, James 
 McGowan, Joseph Morgan, James Ross, John Snively, Charles White, James 
 Young— 128. 
 
 In Guilford — including what is now Chambersburg — John Anderson, Wm. 
 Adams, Thomas Baird, George Cook, Benjamin Chambers, Frederick Croft, 
 
154 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Peter Coaset, James Crawford, Edward Crawford, Mayant Duff, John For- 
 syth, Benjamin Gass, John Henderson, James Jack, Patrick Jack, James Lind- 
 say, John Lindsay, Charles McGill, Wm. McKinney, John Mushet, John 
 Noble, William Nujant, John O'Cain, Solomon Patterson, Robert Patrick, 
 Nathaniel Simpson, Henry Thomson. Freemen: Archibald Douglass, Henry 
 Black, Alexander McAlister, Eobert Uart, 31. 
 
 In Hamilton — which then included the present township of Hamilton and 
 about one-half of the present township of St. Thomas — Joseph Armstrong, 
 Matthew Arthur, Josh. Barnet, James Barnet, Thomas Barnet, Jr., James 
 Boyd, Thomas Barnet, Andrew Brattan, John Blain, Wm. Boal, Eobert Bar- 
 net, John Campbell, Adam Carson, James Denny, Eobert Donelson, John 
 Dixon, Matthew Dixon, John Eaton, Josh. Eaton, James Eaton, Eobeii Elliot, 
 Johnston Elliot, Wm. Eckery, John Galaway, James Hamilton, John Hind- 
 man, Alex. Hamilton, Edward Johnston, Patrick Knox, William McCord, Sam- 
 uel M!cCamish, Samuel Moorhead, Thomas Patterson, Joshua Pepper, George 
 Eeynolds, William Eankin, John Swan, Widow Swan, Edwai-d Thorn, Aaron 
 Watson. Freemen: Dennis Kease, Josh. McCamish, 42. 
 
 La Lurgan — which then included the present townships of Lurgan, Letter- 
 kenny, Southampton and Greene— Benjamin AUworth, James Allison, Thos. 
 Alexander, Andrew Baird, Jr. , James Breckenridge, John Boyd, James Boall, 
 James Boyd, Laird Burns, Eobert Boyd, Samuel Buckenstos, William Barr, 
 William Baird (turner), William Baird (at Eocky Spring), John Burns, Fran- 
 cis Brain, William Breckenridge, Alexander Culbertson, Archibald Campbell, 
 Dennis Cotter, Joseph Culbertson, John Cessna, James Calwell, John Craw- 
 ford, John Cumins, James Culbertson, Nathaniel Cellar, Oliver Culbertson, 
 Samuel Culbertson, Samuel Cochran, Steven Colwell, William Cox, William 
 Cochran, William Chambers, David Carson, Wm. Devanner, Jacob Donelsoii, 
 William Erwin, John Evans, John Erwin, Andrew Finley, John Finley, Sr. , 
 John Finley, Esq. , John Finley (sawyer), James Finley, Eobert Finley, George 
 Ginley, John Graham, Eobert Gabie, Thomas Grier, William Greenlee, Will- 
 iam Guthrie, John Grier, Arthur Graham, Isaac Grier, John Gaston, David 
 Heron, Francis Heron, Gustavus Henderson, James Henderson, Joshua Hen- 
 derson, James Henry, John Hawthorn, Christian Irwin, William Jack, Samuel 
 Jordan, John Jones, Nathaniel Johnson, David Johnson, John Johnson, Thomas 
 Jack, John Kirkpatrick, John Kirkpatrick, Jr., John Kerr, John Kennedy, 
 James Kirkpatrick, John Lowrie, John Leckey, James Lawder, Robert Long, 
 Samuel Laii-d, William Linn, William Linn, Jr., David Linn, Archibald 
 Machan, Arthur Miller, Andrew Murphey, Alexander Mitchell, Alexander 
 McNutt, Charles McGlea, David McCright, George Mitchell, Gavin Mitchell, 
 Humphrey Montgomery, Henry Machan, John Miller, Esq. , James McCamant, 
 JohnMcKeany, John McCall, James McCall, JohnMcCrea, John McKee, John 
 Mitchel, James Mitchel, John Mitchel, Jr., John McCrea, John Machen, 
 Joseph McKibben, John McNaught, John McCappin, John Montgomery, John 
 McCombs, Machan McCombs, Mat. McCreary, Eobert McConnell, Eobert Mil- 
 ler, Eobert Machan, Thomas McComb, Thomas Miner, William McConnell, 
 William Mitchell, William McNutt, William McCall, Charjes Murray, Joseph 
 Mitchell, Andrew Neal, James Norrice, Thomas Neal, James Ortan, David 
 
 Paxon, George Pumroy, James Patterson, Mr. Eiley (at Mr. Hoops'), 
 
 John Eippie, Josiah Eamage, James Reed, Sr. , James Reed, Jr. , James Eeed, 
 Samuel Eippie, Wm. Eeed, Eobert Eeed (cordwainer), Charles Stewart, James 
 Sharp, Eobert Scott, Eanald Slack, William Turner, Alvard Terrence, Joseph 
 Thomson, James Tait, Eobert Urie, Thomas Urie, Abm. Wier, David Watson, 
 Hugh Wier, John Weyley, John Weir, James Waid, John Wilson, Nathaniel 
 
HI8T0EY OF FBANKLIN CaUNTY. 155 
 
 Wilson, Oliver Wallace, -Wm. Withrow, Wm. Woods, Wm. Walker, Alexander 
 Walker, William Young. Freemen: James Hawthorne, Morgan Lineh, Geo. 
 McKeaney, William Milrea, Charles Moor, George Ross, John Tait — 176. 
 
 In Peters Township — which then included the present townships of Peters 
 and Montgomery, and that part of St. Thomas Township west of Campbell's 
 Run — Daniel Alexander, Andrew Alexander, Wm. Armstrong, Hezekiah Alex- 
 ander, Adam Armstrong, Arthur Alexander, John Baird, James Blair, Alex. 
 Brown, Thomas Barr, Ann Black (widow,) Thomas Boal, Samuel Brown, Wm. 
 Barnett, Joshua Bradner, John Black, John Baird, James Black, Widow 
 Brown, Robert Barnet, David Bowel, John Blair, George Brown, Wm. Clark, 
 Robert Clugage, Wm. Campbell, Michael Carsell, Samuel Chapman, Thomas 
 Calhoun, Mchael Campbell, Robert Crawford, Patrick Clark, Wm. Campbell, 
 Robert Culbertson, Charles Campbell, Thomas Clark, John Dickey, James 
 Dickey, Widow Donelson, Wm. Dunwood, John Docherty, Samuel Davis, 
 David Davis, James Davis, Widow Davis, Philip Davis, Joseph Dunlop, Ar- 
 thur Donelson, David Davis, Nath. Davis, Josh. Davis, Thomas Davis, James 
 Erwin, Widow Farier, John Flanaghin, James Planaghin, Moses Fisher, James 
 Galbreath, John Gilmore, Widow Garison, Samuel Gilespie, James Galaway, 
 Josh. Harris, John Harris, Jeremiah Harris, Charles Harris, Widow Huston, 
 James Holland, John Huston, John Hamilton, Joseph How, John Holyday, 
 Wm. Holyday, Wm. Hanbey, David Huston, John Hill, James Holiday, Alex. 
 Hotchison, Mesech James, Hugh Kerrell, Wm. Lowrie, Henry Larkan, Wm. 
 Maxwell, James Mitchell, John Morlan, John Martin, James Mercer, John 
 Mercer, Wm. Marshall, Wm. Moor, Widow McFarland, Andrew . Morison, 
 John McDowell, Alex. McKee, Robert McClellan, Wm. McDowell, Jr. , Wm. 
 McCIeUan, John McClellan, Andrew Moor, Wm. McDowell, James McConnell, 
 Robert McCoy, Wm. Mclllhatton, James McMahon, James Murphy, Wm. 
 Morrison, James McClellan, Robert Newell, Victor Neely, James Orr, Thomas 
 Orbison, Thomas Owins, Nathan Orr, Matthew Patton, John Patton, Francis 
 Patterson, David Rees, James Rankin, Alex. Robertson, Wm. Semple, James 
 Sloan, Richard Stevens, Andrew Simpson, Wm. Shannon, Hugh Shannon, 
 Widow Scott, Alex. Staret, Collin Spence, John Taylor, James Wright, Wm. 
 Wilson, John Wilson, John Winton, James Wilkey, James Wilson, Matthsw 
 Wallace, Moses White, John Wasson, Joseph Williams, John Wood, Joseph 
 White, Thomas Waddle. Freemen: Robert Anderson, David Alexander, Rob- 
 ert Banefield, James Brown, James Blair, Gavin Cluggage, James Carswell, 
 James Coyle, William Gueen, Alex. Hutchison, Ed. Horkan, John Laird, Alex. 
 McConnell, Samuel Templeton, Wm. Tayler, James Wilson, James Wallace, 
 Andrew WUlabee, Oliver Wallace, David Wallace — 162. 
 
 One of the complications in earlier times, along the southern portion of the 
 county, was the difficulty which settlers had in determining whether their pos- 
 sessions were in Pennsylvania or Maryland. This involved the famous Mason 
 and Dixon's line. 
 
 This remarkable line, alluded to by political writers and speakers through 
 the whole period of our national existence, and even anterior to it, is named 
 in honor of its surveyors, and marks the boundary between Pennsylvania and 
 Maryland. Since 1820, when John Randolph was continually harping on the 
 words "Mason and Dixon's Line," as Felix Walker, of North Carolina, was 
 on "Buncombe," one of the counties of his district, it has been the line of 
 demarkation between two distinct schools of politicians, the representatives of 
 two opposing sections of territory. 
 
 The original controversy between the States, thus lying side by side, was 
 waged with great spirit and varying results between the Lords Baltimore 
 
156 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 and the Penn family, from 1682 to 1767. These various phases, interesting 
 and exciting in themselves, can not here be given. The reader is referred to 
 the special works which trace the controversy. It needs simply to be stated 
 briefly that "on the 4th of August, 1763, the Penns — Thomas and Eichard, 
 and Frederick Lord Baltimore, then being .together in London, agreed with 
 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, two mathematicians and surveyors, to 
 mark, run out, settle, fix and determine all such parts of the circle, marks, 
 lines and boundaries, as were mentioned in the several articles or commissions, 
 and were not yet completed; that Mason and Dixon arrived in Philadelphia, 
 November 15, 1763, received their instructions from the commissioners of the 
 two provinces, December 9, 1763, and forthwith engaged in the work assigned 
 them; that they ascertained the latitude of the southernmost part of the city of 
 Philadelphia (viz. : 39° 56' 29. 1" north — or, more accurately, according to Col. 
 Graham, 39° 56' 37.4"), which was agreed to be in the north wall of the house 
 then occupied by Thomas Plumstead and Joseph Huddle, on the south side of 
 Cedar Street; and then, in January and February, 1764, they measured thirty- 
 one miles westward of the city to the forks of the Brandy wine, where they 
 planted a quartzose stone, known then, and to this day, in the vicinage, as the 
 star-gazer's stone; that, in the spring of 1764, they ran, from said stone, a 
 due south line fifteen English statute miles, horizontally measured by levels, 
 each twenty feet in length, to a post marked 'west;' that they then repaired to 
 a post marked 'middle,' at the middle point of the peninsula; west 
 line running from Cape Healopen to Chesapeake Bay, and thence, during 
 the summer of 1764, they ran, marked and described the tangent line agre d 
 on by the proprietaries. Then, in the autumn of 1764, from the post mark ed 
 'west,' at fifteen miles south of Philadelphia they set off and produced a 
 parallel of latitude westward, as far as the river Susquehanna; then they went 
 to the tangent point, and in 1764-65 ran thence a meridian line northward until 
 it intersected the said parallel of latitude, at the distance of five miles, one 
 chain and fifty links — thus and there determining and fixing the northeast 
 comer of Maryland. Next, in 1765, they described such portion of the semi- 
 circle around New Castle, as fell westward of the said meridian, or due north 
 line from the tangent point. This little l)ow, or arc, reaching into Maryland, 
 is about a mile and a half long, and its middle width, 116 feet; from its upper 
 end, where the three States join, to the fifteen -mile point, where the great Ma- 
 son and Dixon's line begins, is a little over three and a half miles; and from 
 the fifteen-mile corner due east to the circle, is a little over three-quarters of 
 a mile — room enough for three or foiir good Chester County farms. This was 
 the only part of the circle which Mason and Dixon ran. ' ' 
 
 In 1766-67 they continued the west line beyond the Sasquehanna, extending 
 the same to the distance of 230 miles, 18 chains and 21 links from the northeast 
 corner of Maryland near to an Indian war-path, on the borders of a stream 
 called Dunkard Creek. The hostile attitude of the Indians prevented Mason 
 and Dixon from continuing the line to the western boundary of Pennsylvania. 
 The remainder of the line, less than twenty miles, was subsequently run (17S2) 
 by other surveyors. The portion run by Mason and Dixon was certified by 
 commissioners November 9, 1768, as having been properly marked by stones 
 distant one mile from each other, every fifth mile-stone having on the north 
 face the arms of Thomas and Richard Penn, and on the south face the arms of 
 Lord Baltimore. These stones were oiilitic rock, imported for the purpose 
 from England. 
 
 These surveyors were paid twenty-one shillings each per day for services 
 and expenses, from the time they ca'iiB to this country till they "reached Eng- 
 
c^^ropo-'^-^^ 
 
 /^ '-^ ■'/ 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 159 
 
 land. The amount paid by the Penns from 1760 to 1768 was £34,200, Penn- 
 sylvania currency. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 INDIAN WAE. 
 
 Indian Nations Described — Wab Between French and English — Colonies In- 
 volved — Bbabdook's Defeat and its Effects — Foets Located and De- 
 scribed — Massacres from 1754 to 1765 — Conflict Between the Civil 
 AND Military at Port Loudoun. 
 
 AT the time the Cumberland Valley was opened up to the colonization of the 
 white race, it was virtually in possession of the aggregation of tribes known 
 as the Six Nations. At the opening of the seventeenth century, it is declared, 
 "the lower valley of the Susquehanna appears to have been a vast uninhabited 
 highway, through which hordes of hostile savages were constantly roaming be- 
 tween the northern and southern waters, and where they often met in bloody 
 encounters. The Six Nations were acknowledged as the sovereigns of the 
 Susquehanna, and they regarded with jealousy and permitted with reluctance 
 the settlement of other tribes upon its margin. ' ' * 
 
 The Six Nations were the Ouondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, Senecas, Mo- 
 hawks and the Tuscaroras, the last-named tribe joining the other five from North 
 Carolina in 1712. By the French they were called the Iroquois. The Lenni' 
 Lenape, another powerful Indian confederacy, disputed the claim of the Six 
 Nations to this rich territory, and professed to be, as their name implies, ' 'the 
 original people." The Lenni Lenape were known among the white settlers as 
 the Delaware Indians. They were divided into three principal tribes viz. : 
 the Turtle, the .Turkeys and Monseys or Wolf tribes. Monseys or Wolf tribe 
 occupied the country between the Kittatinny or Blue Mountain, and the sources 
 of the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers, and had settlements also on the 
 banks of the Susquehanna. The Shawanees, also, by the permission of the 
 Six Nations, held for a time the Cumberland Valley as a hunting-ground. 
 This rivalry between these two great Indian Confederacies, the Lenni Lenape 
 and the Six Nations, both of which laid claim to the original right to the soil 
 of Pennsylvania, and hence to the Cumberland Valley, led to bloody conflicts, 
 and greatly retarded the permanent settlement of the region between the Sus- 
 quehanna and the Potomac. It led, also, to unpleasant complications in the 
 securing of legal titles. The Indians had as serious disputes among them- 
 selves relative to their lands as the inhabitants of Pennsylvania and Maryland 
 subsequently did. The result of this quarrel among the Indians was that the 
 Six Nations overcame the Lenni Lenape and held them in a state of vassalage 
 until the year 1756. The Shawanees ultimately proved bad neighbors to both 
 the Delawares and the Iroquois, and were removed by the latter, in 1755, to 
 the head waters of the Ohio. 
 
 For the reasons previously given, Kittatinny or Cumberland Valley was a 
 hunting-ground for the Indians, and highly prized by them. None of the 
 tribes made permanent settlement in its forests, which accounts for the absence 
 
 *Hifltorical Collections of Pennsylvania. 
 
160 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 of Indian relics so numerous in certain western and southern localities. With 
 reluctance, therefore, did they leave this beautiful valley, and seek their wild 
 game and fish elsewhere, and yet they finally consented to dispose of their 
 cherished possessions. On the 11th of October, 1736, the chiefs of the Six, 
 Nations met in Philadelphia, and, reviving all past treaties of friendship, ex- 
 ecuted a deed conveying to John, Thomas and Richard Penn and their heirs, 
 "all the said river Susquehanna, with the lands lying on both sides thereof, to 
 extend eastward as far as the head of the branches or springs which run into 
 the said Susquehanna, and all the land lying on the west side of the said river 
 to the setting sun." The indefiniteness of this language was destined to re- 
 sult in serious trouble. Advantage of the ambiguity of treaties made with 
 the Indians was taken by unscrupulous white men, and thus gi-adually the 
 red man saw himself deprived of all he held dear; and yet it is true that no 
 serious complaints were made by him until about 1742, and were then con- 
 fined to unlawful settlements on lands in Tulpehocken, on the Juniata, Augh- 
 wick. Path Valley and on Licking Creek near the Potomac, which embraced 
 the Big and Little Coves. 
 
 The French were eager and successful, too, in poisoning the Indian mind 
 with a sense of their gross wrongs, and thus secured their co-operation against 
 the regular British soldiers. The animosities existing between the two Euro- 
 pean governments were readily transferred to the rival colonies in the new 
 world. Twenty years of cunning effort on the part of the French had re- 
 sulted in winning the Indians to them- as allies, in endeavoring to establish 
 French supremacy in America. Since 1744, war had existed between Eng- 
 land and France, but its effects had not been felt in the colonies. The set- 
 tlers of this valley, isolated as they were, did not exhibit any fears of attack 
 till 1748, when they banded together for the support of their home and for- 
 eign governments. Loyalty to his English majesty reigned in eveiy heart. 
 An associated regiment was formed in the valley and included among its of- 
 ficers the following from what is now Franklin County: Col. Benjamin Cham- 
 bers, of Chambersburg; Maj. William Maxwell, of Peters; Lieuts. William 
 Smith, of Peters; Andrew Finley, of Lurgan; John Potter, of Antrim; 
 Charles McGill, of Guilford; John Winton, of Peters; Ensign John Rand- 
 alls, of Antrim. At first some doubts existed as to the legality and expediency 
 of these organizations, but these doubts were finally removed by a letter from 
 the council to the proprietaries, dated July 30, 1748. ' ' The zeal and industry, 
 the skill and regularity of the ofi&cers have surprised every one, though it has 
 been for them a hard service. The whole has been attended by such expense, 
 care and fatigue, as would not have been borne or undertaken by any who 
 were not warm and sincere friends of the Government, and true lovers of their 
 country. In short, we have by this means, in the opinion of most strangers, 
 the best militia in America; so that, had the war continued, we should have 
 been in little pain about any future enterprises of our enemies. Whatever 
 opinions lawyers or others, not fully acquainted with our unhappy circum- 
 stances, may entertain of it, it is, in oui- opinion, one of the wisest and most 
 useful measures that was ever undertaken in any country." 
 
 The lull was but temporary. In 1753 war broke out in earnest. The 
 French established a line of forts from the lakes to the sources of the Ohio, 
 and thence along it to the Mississippi and down it to its mouth. They held 
 the bow of the country, while the English held the string along the Atlantic. 
 One of these strongholds was Fort Du Quesne, at Pittsburgh. Against it, in 
 1755, marched the English and provincial troops under command of Gen. 
 Braddock, a skillful and experienced officer in ordinary warfare, but 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 161 
 
 unacquainted with the natm-e and intrigues of the Indian. Disregarding the 
 wise suggestions of his subordinates, he was thoroughly routed by the French 
 and Indians on the Monongahela July 9, 1755, and his demoralized and strag- 
 gling army hurled back along the line of its advance, the merciless enemy 
 hanging on flank and rear to increase the consternation and destruction. 
 
 The effect of this retreat can be better imagined than told. ' ' News of 
 contemplated attacks upon the settlements along the frontier fi-om the Dela- 
 ware to the Maryland and Virginia line came upon the people in quick succes- 
 sion, and some actual massacres, burnings and captivities were reported from 
 the south, west and north. Even before Braddock's defeat, and when that 
 General with his army had gone only thirty miles from Fort Cumberland, a 
 party of 100 Indians, under the notorious Shingas, came to the Big Cove and 
 to the ConoUoways (creeks on the border of Maryland, in what is now Fulton 
 County) and killed and took prisoners about thirty people, and drove the 
 remainder from their homes. " [Penn. Archives, Vol. II.] 
 
 The consternation which succeeded the defeat was inexpressible. The 
 retreat left the whole frontier uncovered. The inhabitants, unprotected -and 
 undisciplined, were compelled to flee hastily or use such means of defense as 
 were at hand. Men, women and children were ruthlessly slaughtered like dumb 
 animals. A reign of terror prevailed everywhere. The occupations of civil 
 life were suspended, and all efforts to secure safety by flight or resistance were 
 resorted to. Gov. Morris, moved by the piteous appeals from the frontier, 
 summoned the Assembly to convene November 3, when he presented the case 
 clearly and demanded men and a law for calling out the militia. Petitions 
 were pouring in upon him, asking for men and the munitions of war, and 
 beseeching protection from the destruction raging on every hand. The Assem- 
 bly was tardy. The people, to impress its members with the folly of the 
 ' ' non-resistance policy, ' ' actually sent some of the dead and mangled victims 
 of savage cruelty to Philadelphia to be exhibited on the streets. Everywhere 
 men flew to arms. Twenty-five companies of militia, numbering about 1,400 
 men, were raised and equipped for the defense of the frontier. The second 
 battalion, comprising 700 men and stationed yfest of the Susquehanna, was 
 commanded by Col.' John Armstrong, of Carlisle. His subordinates were 
 Capts. Hance Hamilton, John Potter, Hugh Mercer, George Armstrong, 
 Edward Ward, Joseph Armstrong and Eobert CaUender. Of these, Joseph 
 Armstrong was an early settler of Hamilton Township, this county. The fol- 
 lowing is the roster of his private soldiers, the names of the subordinate 
 officers not being known: 
 
 John Armstrong. 
 Thomas Armstrong. 
 James Barnet. 
 John Barnet. 
 Joshua Barnet. 
 Thomas Barnet, Sr. 
 Thomas Barnet, Jr. 
 Samuel Brown. 
 John Boyd. 
 Alexander Caldwell. 
 Robert Caldwell. 
 James Dinney. 
 William Dinney. 
 Robei*t Dixson. 
 William Dixson. 
 
 James Eaton. 
 John Eaton. 
 Joshua Eaton. 
 James Elder. 
 George Gallery. 
 Eobert Groin. 
 James Guthrie. 
 John Hindman. 
 Abram Irwin. 
 Christopher Irwin. 
 John Jones. 
 James McCamant, Sr. 
 James McCamant, Jr. 
 Chairles McCamant. 
 James McCamish. 
 
 John McCamish. 
 William McCamish. 
 Robert McConnell. 
 John McCord. 
 Jonathan McKearney. 
 John Machan. 
 James Mitchell. 
 Joshua Mitchell. 
 William Mitchell. 
 Jon. Moore. 
 James Norrice. 
 John Norrice. 
 James Patterson. 
 Joshua Patterson. 
 William Rankin. 
 
162 HISTOBY OF PEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Jon. Eippey. Matthew Shields, Sr. William Swan. 
 
 Barnet Eobertson. Matthew Shields, Jr. Charles Stuart. 
 
 Francis Scott. Eobert Shilds, Sr. Daniel Stuart. 
 
 Pati-ick Scott. Eobert Shilds, Jr. Devard Williams. 
 
 William Scott. Jon. Swan. Jon. Wilson. 
 
 David Shields. Joshua Swan. 
 
 The intense feeling of the time is shown by the following letters, which 
 
 speak for themselves : 
 
 Falling Spkings, Sabbath morning, Nov. 3, 1755. 
 To the inhabitants of the lower part of the county of Cumberland: 
 Gentlemen — j . , 
 
 If you intend to go to the assistance of your neighbors, you need wait no longer for 
 the certainty of the news. The Great Cove is destroyed. James Campbell left his com- 
 pany last night and went to the fort at Mr. Steel's meeting house, and there saw some of 
 the inhabitants of the Great Cove who gave this account, that as they came over the Hill 
 they saw their houses In flames. The messenger says that there are but one hundred, and 
 that they are divided into two parts; the one part to go against the Cove and the other 
 against the ConoUaways, and that there are two French among them. They are Dela- 
 wares and Shawnese. The part that came against the Cove are under the command of 
 Shingas, the Delaware King. The people of the Cove that came off saw several men lying 
 dead; they heard the murder shout and the firing of guns, and saw the Indians going into 
 their houses that they had come out of before they left sight of the Cove. I have sent 
 express to Marsh creek at the same time I send this; so I expect there will be a good com- 
 pany there this day, and as there are but one hundred of the enemy, I think it is in our 
 power, if God permit, to put them to flight, if you turn out well from your parts. I 
 understand that the West settlement is designed to go if they can get any assistance to 
 repel them. 
 
 All in haste, from 
 
 Your humble servant, 
 Benjamin Chambers. 
 
 SiiiPPENSBURG, 3d November, 1755. 
 To Hon. Edward Shippen, Esq., at Lancaster: 
 Dear and Honored Sir: 
 
 We are in great confusion here at present— We have received express last night that 
 the Indians and French are in a large body in the Cove, a little way from William Max- 
 well, Esq. ; and that they immediately intend to fall down upon this county. We, for these 
 two days past, have been working at our Fort here, and believe shall work this day (Sun- 
 day). This town is full of people, they being all moving in with their families — five or 
 six families in a house. We are in great want of arms and ammunition; but with what 
 we have we are determined to give the enemy as warm a reception as we can. Some of 
 our people had been taken prisoners by this party, and have made their escape from them, 
 and came in to us this morning. 
 
 As our Fort goes on here with great vigor, and expect it to be finished in fifteen days, 
 in which we intend to place all the women and children; it would be greatly encouraging, 
 could we have reason to expect assistance from Philadelphia by private donation of 
 Swivels, a few great guns, small arms and ammuuition, we would send our own wagons 
 for them; and we do not doubt that upon proper application but something of this kind 
 will be done for us from Philadelphia. 
 
 We have one hundred men working at Fort Morris with heart and hand every day. 
 
 Dear Sir, yours, &c., 
 
 James Burd. 
 
 CONOCOCHEAGUB,. NoV 6, 1755. 
 
 May it please your Honor: 
 
 I have sent enclosed two qualifications, one of which is Patrick Burns', the bearer, 
 and a tomahawk which was found sticking in the breast of one David McClellan. 
 
 The people of Path Valley are all gathered in a small foiU, and according to the last 
 account, were safe. The Great Cove and Conolloways are all buried to ashes, and about 
 fifty persons killed or taken. — Numbers of the inhabitants of this county have moved their 
 families, some to York county, some to Maryland. 
 
 Hance Hamilton, Esq., is now at John McDowell's mill, with upwards of two hun- 
 dren men (from York county) and two hundred from this county, in all about four hun- 
 dred. To-morrow we intend to go to the Cove and Path Valley, in order to bring what 
 cattle and horses the Indians let live. We are informed by a Delaware Indian, who lives 
 amongst us, that on the same day the murder was committed, he saw four hundred In- 
 dians in the Cove; and we have some reason to believe they are about there yet. 
 
HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 163 
 
 The people of Shearman's creek and Juniata have all come away and left their 
 
 ther^illfoon be m"re."^°" ^'°"* "^'^'^ "'"^^ °' '"^^ --'^ '--^ ~ I amXw 
 
 I am your Honor's most 
 
 Humble servant, 
 . . Adam Hoops. 
 
 *• T, f i a1^ ^"^^ '•eceived the account of one George McSwane, who was taken can- 
 hlwk w°"h him.^^' ^^"' °""^^ ^'^ ^^'"'^^- ^"d brought two scalps and aS- 
 
 Shortly after the Indians had made hostile incui-sions into the Great Cove 
 and commenced their devastation, Sherifif Potter was in Philadelphia, as ap- 
 pears from the following extract, under date of November 14, 1755 — fProv 
 Kec. N. 289.] *- 
 
 Mr. Potter the sheriff of Cumberland being in town was sent for, and desired to give 
 an account of the upper part of that county in which the Indians had committed their late 
 ravages; and he said that twenty-seven plantations were burnt and a great quantity of 
 cattle killed; that a woman nmety-three years of age was found lying killed with her 
 breast torn off and a stake run through her body. That of ninety-three families which 
 were settled in the two Coves and the Conolloways. forty-seven were either killed or 
 taken, and the rest deserted. 
 
 The names of those murdered and abducted, besides those already men- 
 tioned, are given in the Pennsylvania Gazette of November 13, 1755, and are 
 as follows: 
 
 Elizabeth Gallway, Henry Gilson, Eobert Peer, William Berryhill and 
 David McClelland were murdered. The missing are John Martin's wife and 
 five children; William Gallway' s wife and two children, and a young woman; 
 Charles Stewart's wife and two children; David McClelland' s wife and two 
 childi-en. William Fleming and wife were taken prisoners. Fleming's son 
 and one Hicks were killed and scalped. 
 
 But the times demanded more than men and ammunition. Families needed 
 to be put into some place of safety while their natural protectors were gone to. 
 overtake the cruel savages, who had burned houses and destroyed helpless 
 women and children. This necessitated the building of private and public 
 forts at such natural points as would best accommodate the people. Wisely 
 these were distributed along the western line of the valley to guard against the 
 hostile invasions from the west, and notably from Path Valley, Cove Gap and 
 the Little Cove. 
 
 These forts answered several purposes: 1. They were places for the con- 
 centration of defenseless and helpless women and children while their natural 
 protectors were absent from home. 2. They served as deposits for the sur- 
 plus ammunition and other valuable stores needed in the settlements. 3. They 
 served as rallying points, for protection and defense, to the frightened inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 At a meeting of the general committee of Cumberland County, convened 
 by order of John Potter, sheriff of the county, at the house of Edward Ship- 
 pen, October 30, 1755, at which eighteen persons*, including Col. Benjamin 
 Chambers, were present, it was resolved to build immediately five large 
 forts, viz.: at Carlisle, Shippensburg, Col. Chambers', Mr. Steele's meeting- 
 house and William Allison, Bsq.'s, in which the women and children were to 
 be deposited, from which, on any alarm, intelligence was to be sent to the other 
 forts. It is thought to be doubtful whether this plan was executed in full. 
 
 Chamber^ Fart. — This fort was erected by Col. Benjamin Chambers and 
 located at the confluence of the Falling Spring and the Conococheague Creek, 
 
 •Names: William Allison, Jobn Irwin, Adam Hoops, James Burd, William Smith, James McCormick 
 Be^jamin Chambers, Robert ("hambers, H. Alexander John Findlay, John Potter, Rev. Mr. Bay, John Mush^ 
 ett, Samuel Reynolds, Kev. John Blair, John Smith, Alex Culbertson, John Armstrong. 
 
164 HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ■where Chambersburg now stands. Hon. George Chambers said: "It was 
 erected in the winter and spring of 1756, being a stockade, including the 
 dwelling house, flour and saw-mills of the proprietor (Col. Chambers); within 
 the fort he erected a large stone building two stories in height, the waters of 
 the Falling Spring running under part of it; for safe access to the water, its 
 windows were small, and adapted to defense; the roof of it was covered with 
 sheet-lead, to protect it against fire from the savages. In addition to 
 small arms, Col. Chambers had supplied himself with two four-pound cannon 
 which wore mounted and used. Within the fort he remained in safety with his 
 family throughout the whole .series of Indian wars. It was also a place of 
 shelter and security to many of the neighboring families in times of alarm. 
 In a letter dated Harris' Ferry, October 17, 1756, Jas. Young pronounces it 
 ' ' a good Private Fort, and on an Exceeding good situation to bo made very De- 
 fenceable." He feared lest the fort, with its two four-pound cannon, with "no- 
 body but a few Country People to defend it," should be captured, and they 
 used against Shippensburg and Carlisle. He recommended the removal of the 
 guns, or a proper force stationed for their protection. When Gov. Denny 
 directed these guns to be removed from Fort Chambers, he found his orders 
 disregarded, as was proper under the circumstances. 
 
 Davis' Fort was erected by Philip Davis in 1756. It was about nine miles 
 south of Fort Loudoun, near the Maryland line, at the northern termination of 
 one of the Kittochtinny ranges, known in early times and since as Davis' 
 Knob. It was sixteen and one-half miles from Chambers' Fort, and eight 
 from McDowell' s mill. 
 
 McDowell' s Mill. — This fort was known by several names, as " Fort at Mc- 
 Dowell's Mill," " McDowell's Mill," or " McDowell's." It was named in hon- 
 or of its founder, John McDowell, who settled at and around the present site 
 of Bridgeport, shortly after the Chambers settlement was made at Falling 
 Spring. He erected a mill of logs, and some thirty yards from it a rude two 
 story log house with a liberal supply of port holes. The mill and fort sites 
 are now owned by Mr. Jacob Wistor. 
 
 This fort, which occupied such a conspicuous place in the early history 
 of the province for the period of only about two or three years, was built as 
 early as 1754; for Col. John Armstrong, then stationed at Carlisle, in a "plan 
 for the defence of the Frontier of Cumberland County from Philip Davies' to 
 Shippensburg," issued in 1754, " ordered that one company cover from Philip 
 Davies' to Thomas Waddel's; And as John McDowell's mill is at the most im- 
 portant Pass, most exposed to danger, has a fort already made about it, and there 
 provisions may be most easily had — for these Reasons let the Chief Quarters be 
 there; let five men be Constantly at Philip Davies', William Marshall's and 
 Thomas Waddle's, which Shall be relieved every day by the patrolling guards; 
 let Ten men be sent early every morning from the Chief Quarters to Thomas 
 Waddle' s, and Ten return from thence back in the evening. A likewise Ten 
 men Sent from tho Chief Quarters to the other extremity daily, to go by Will- 
 iam Marshall's to Philip Davies', and return the same way in the afternoon. 
 By this Plan the Whole Bounds will be patrolled every Day; a Watch will be 
 constantly kept at four most important Places, and there will be every night 
 forty-five men at ye Chief Quarters ready for any Exigence." The impor- 
 tance of the place is further seen in the fact that, when Gen. Braddock, in the 
 spring of 1755, was passing on his way for the reduction of Fort DuQuesne, 
 he urged Gov. Morris to hurry up the army supplies along the public road 
 that passed near McDowell's mill. On the 3d of July, 1755, the Governor 
 announces his compliance with the request and his purpose to " form the mag- 
 
HISTORY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 165 
 
 azine at or n6ar McDowell's mill, and put some Stuccados around it to protect 
 the Magazine and the people that will have the Care of it. " In response, Gen. 
 Braddock indicated his ' ' Approbatiou of the Deposits beiag made at McDow- 
 ell's Mill." In November of this year (1755), as we learn from a letter by 
 Adam Hoops, commissary to Gov. Morris, "Hanee Hamilton, Esq., was at 
 John McDowell's Mill with about 400 men," to be used in gathering up the 
 cattle and horses not destroyed by the Indians in Path Valley. 
 
 In consequence of the cutting of a new road to the Ohio, about two miles 
 north, and in view of the indefensibility of McDowell's, it was determined to 
 change the location of the fort; hence its successor. 
 
 Fort Loudoun. — In the autumn of 1756, Col. John Armstrong began the 
 construction of this place of defense. Some difficulty was experienced in se- 
 curing a suitable site. At last one was chosen near to Parnell's Knob, where 
 one Patton lived, "near the new road," ma,king the "distance from Shippens- 
 burg to Fort Lyttleton two miles shorter than by McDowell's." In a letter 
 to Gov. Denny, dated at McDowell's, November 19, 1756, Col. Armstrong 
 says: "I'm makeing the best preparation in my power to forward this Tort 
 (Loudon), as well as to prepare by barracks, etc., all the others for the ap- 
 proaching winter. * * To-day we begin to Digg a Cellar in the New Fort, the 
 Loggs and Eoof of a new House having there been erected by Patton before the 
 Indians bum' d his Old One. We shall apprise this House, and then take the 
 benefit of it, either for Officers' Barracks or a Store-House; by which Means the 
 Provisions may the sooner be mov' d from this place, which at present divides 
 our strength." December 22, 1756, A. Stephens says: "The public stores 
 are safely removed from McDowell' s mill to Fort Loudoun — the barracks for the 
 soldiers are built, and some proficiency made in the Stockado, the finishing of 
 which will doubtless be retarded by the inxslemency of the weather." Capt. 
 Thompson, in a letter dated at Loudoun, April 7, 1758, mentions the arrival 
 of forty Cherokee Indians at the fort, and that more were daily expected. He 
 desires Gov. Denny' s immediate directions as to how they were to be treated 
 and supplied, as they had come without arms or clothes; they had come for 
 service in the colonies. 
 
 Gen. Forbes, while on his expedition to Fort Du Quesne to expel the 
 French and their Indian allies from the frontiers, addressed a letter from Lou- 
 doun (the town being distant a mile from the fort) to Gov. Denny, urging the 
 hearty co operation of the authorities and people to secure the desired success. 
 September 9, 1758, he vsrote: "Everything is ready, for the army is advanc- 
 ing; but that I cannot do, unless I have a sufficient quantity of provisions in 
 the magazines at Raystown." His march was resumed soon afterward, and 
 continued till he reached Fort Du Quesne, which the enemy evacuated Novem- 
 ber 24, 1758. In October of the same year, Forbes recommended to the gov- 
 ernor the necessity of distributing 1, 200 men among the different forts, 100 of 
 whom were to be stationed at Fort Loudoun. 
 
 Col. Bouquet having assumed command of the regular and provincial 
 troops, left Carlisle (whither Gov. Penn had accompanied him) on his expedi- 
 lon westward early in August. "On August 13 their small army got to Fort 
 Lgudoun; but notwithstanding all the precautions taken to prevent desertions, 
 the Pennsylvania troops were now reduced to 700 men. Further ad- 
 ditions were therefore requested, and furnished by the governor. While 
 here he received, an account from Presque Isle, by Capt. Bradstreet, of peace 
 being made with the Delawares and Shawnese; but Col. Bouquet, not believing 
 they were sincere, proceeded forward from Fort Loudoun to Fort Pitt, where 
 he arrived on September 17." — [Bouquet's Hist. Account.] 
 
166 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The name Pomfret Castle was first suggested, but was dropped and that 
 of Loudoun (spelled Loudon at present) in honor of the Earl of Loudoun, 
 lately arrived as commander-in-chief of His Majesty's forces, was adopted. 
 It embraced over an acre of ground. The foundations were of stone, the su- 
 perstructure of logs, bastions being placed in each corner. No vestiges of it 
 remain at present. The site of the fort is owned by Mr. J. H. Horner of the 
 village of Loudon. 
 
 McCord's was a private fort, erected probably in 1755 or 1756, along the 
 base of Kittochtinny Mountains, north of ParnelF s Knob, and intended, doubt- 
 less, for temporary occupation during the early Indian wars. It is believed 
 to have been not many miles from Fort Loudoun, but its precise location can 
 not be definitely fixed. It was attacked and b\u-ned by the Indians in April, 
 1756, and many captives taken and carried off. This circumstance greatly 
 impaired confidence in private forts, and led to the early erection of those of 
 greater security. 
 
 Steele's Meeting-house. — Judge Chambers, in a note published in the Ap- 
 pendix to Pennsylvania Archives, says: "The first fort of which I have infor- 
 mation, in the Conococheague Settlement, which comprised nearly the whole 
 of the County of Franklin, was at the Rev. John Steele's meeting house, 
 which was surrounded by a rude Stockade Fort in 1755. It was erected shortly 
 after Braddock' s defeat, we suppose, as it was referred to in the Indian Inva- 
 sion in November, 1755. * It was situated where what is called The Presby- 
 terian White Chui'ch, south of Fort Loudoun about five miles, and east of 
 Mercersburg three miles. i It was a place of notoriety during the Indian Wars." 
 Upon a visit of the Indians to this settlement, in November, 1755," the Eev. 
 Mr. Steele, with others, to the number of about 100, went in quest of them, 
 but with ho success. " In a letter from Peters Township to Gov. Morris, dated 
 April 11, 1756, Mr. Steele says: " As I can neither have the men, arms nor 
 blankets, I am obliged to apply to your Honor for them ; the necessity of the cir- 
 cumstances has obliged me to muster before two magistrates the one-half 
 of my company whom I enlisted, and am obliged to order guns. I pray that 
 with all possible expedition, 54 fire arms and as many blankets, and a quan- 
 tity of flints, may be sent to me: for since McCord's Fort has been taken, and 
 the men defeated and pursued, our county is in the utmost confusion, great 
 numbers have left the county, and many are preparing to follow. May it 
 please your honor to allow me an ensign, for I find a sergeant's pay will not 
 prevail with men to enlist in whom much confidence is reposed." — [Penn. 
 Arch., Vol. n, p. 623.] 
 
 Waddle's is sometimes referred to in the old records. It must have been a 
 private fort built about the same time with the others, probably near what is 
 now called Waddle's (sometimes Eckert's) graveyard. 
 
 Allison's was also a private fort near Greencastle, and served its purpose. 
 
 Maxwell's. — Where this was located the writer has not been able to 
 ascertain. It was evidently a private fort or block-house in the general line of 
 defense against the incursions of Indians from the west. 
 
 Elliott's stood in Path Valley, about a mile north of Pannettsburg, at the 
 place now known as Springtown. It was erected in 1754 or 1755. At this 
 place are half a dozen limestone springs, one of which was enclosed by the 
 fort. At the time the barn of James and Samuel Walker, one mile south of 
 Fannettsburg, was burned by the Indians, viz. : On the night of March 22, 
 1763, the neighbors collected together and scouts were sent by a by-path to 
 
 *" November ye 25, 1765. The Eeverand John Steele at Conegochig: 2 quarter casks of powder; 2 cwt. of 
 Lead."— [Goveroment Account.] 
 
^^^ /e/^^^^'-iCD 
 
HI8T0BY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 1(59 
 
 give alarm at the fort, so that it must have been still occupied by British 
 soldiers. 
 
 Baker's is supposed to have been at or near the village of Dry Bun. 
 
 The foregoing is by no means an enumeration of all the forts of a private 
 character in Franklin County. The great danger, however, was to be appre- 
 hended from the west, and hence the wisdom of locating a line of these 
 defenses from Parnell's to Casey's Knobs, and patrolling them regularly. 
 From Path Valley and through Cove Gap the greatest danger was to be 
 apprehended. 
 
 The massacres mentioned in the following pages are found in various 
 records, which can not here be specified. It will be seen that they occurred 
 more frequently and with greater malignity shortly after the defeat of Brad- 
 dock's army. 
 
 In September, 1754, Joseph Campble was killed, near Parnell's Knob, by 
 an Indian of the Six Nations, named Israel. 
 
 In February, 1756, two lads were taken at Widow Cox's, near Parnell's 
 Knob, also a man named John Craig. They afterward escaped. 
 
 February 29, 1756, two boys were fired at by the Indians in the Little 
 Cove. One was killed but the other alarmed the fort, and the Indians were 
 pursued and driven away after a loss of four soldiers. 
 
 On the same day, a man named Alexander discovered a party of Indians 
 near Thomas BaiT's place, in Peters Township. The alarm was given, and 
 an engagement ensued, in which several citizens were killed, one being Barr's 
 son. 
 
 April 5, 1756, McCord's Fort was burned and many inhabitants killed and 
 captured by the Indians. Immediately upon receipt of the news, Capt. 
 Alexander Culbertson, with a company of fifty men, set out in pursuit, and 
 overtook them at Sidling HUl, where a serious contest ensued, in which Capt, 
 Culbertson was slain. So many were wounded, that a surgeon, living in 
 Carlisle, was sent for, and even then much inconvenience was experienced. 
 Following is a list of killed and wounded: 
 
 Alexander Culbertson, 
 
 captain. 
 John Reynolds, ensign, 
 
 Capt. Chambers' Co. 
 William Kerr. 
 James Blair. 
 John Layson. 
 WUliam Denny. 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 Francis Scott. 
 William Boyd. 
 Jacob Paynter. 
 Jacob Jones. 
 Robert Kerr. 
 William Chambers. 
 Daniel McCoy. 
 James Robertson, taUor. 
 
 James Robertson, weaver. 
 
 James Peace. 
 
 John Blair. 
 
 Henry Jones. 
 
 John McCarty. 
 
 John Kelly. 
 
 James Lowder. 
 
 William Hunter. 
 Matthias Ganshorn. 
 William Swailes. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Abraham Jones. Benjamin Blyth. 
 
 Francis Campbell. John McDonald. 
 
 William Reynolds. Isaac Miller. 
 
 John Barnet. Ensign Jamieson. 
 
 Shortly after, Capt. Jacobs (Indian chief), with a band of forty savages, 
 made an expedition into the Coves, burning and scalping. Hugh McSwine 
 was taken prisoner, and afterward escaped on the leader's horse. This he 
 took to Col. Washington, who gave him a commission as lieutenant. 
 
 William Mitchel, living in Conococheague, was shot and killed by a band 
 of Indians, while at work in the harvest field. 
 
 10 
 
170 HISTOBT OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 On the 26th of May, 1756, John Wasson, a farmer living in Peters Town- 
 ship, was horribly mangled and scalped by a small party of Indians. His 
 house was burned and his wife taken captive. 
 
 July 26, 1756, Joseph Martin was killed, and John and James McCoUough 
 captured in the Conococheague settlement. 
 
 August 27, 1756, William Morrison was captured and his house burned. 
 
 August 28, Betty Ramsey, her son and the cropper were killed and daugh- 
 ter taken prisoner. 
 
 November, 1756, in the upper part of the county, near Conococheague, a 
 party of savages barbarously mangled a number of the inhabitants, and took 
 many women and children captives. Following is a list of killed and missing: 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 James McDonald. John Woods, with his wife John Culbertson. 
 
 William McDonald. and mother-in law. Elizabeth, wife of John 
 
 Bar^iolomew McCafiferty. Samuel Perry. Archer. 
 
 Anthony McQuoid. Hugh Kerrel. 
 
 James Corkem. John Archer's four chil- Samuel Neely. 
 
 William Cornwall. dren. James McCoid. 
 
 March 29, 1757, the Indians made a breach at Rocky Springs, where one 
 woman was killed and eleven taken prisoners. 
 
 April 2, 1757, William McKinley and son were killed. He had left Cham- 
 bers' Fort to visit his farm on the creek below Chambersburg, but was dis- 
 covered and scalped by the Indians. 
 
 April 7, 1757, three families, two named Campbell and Patterson, were cut 
 off at Conococheague, and barbarously treated. 
 
 April 23, 1757, John Martin and William Blair were killed at Conocochea- 
 gue, and Patrick McClelland wounded by savages. 
 
 May 13, 1757, William Walker and an unknown man killed at Conodo- 
 guinet. 
 
 June 24, 1757, Alexander Miller killed, and his two daughters captured 
 at Conococheague. 
 
 July 2, 1757, a man named Springson killed near Logan's mill. 
 
 July 8, two boys taken prisoners at Cross's Fort, Conococheague. 
 
 July 27, man named McKisson wounded, and son captured at South Moun- 
 tain. 
 
 August 17, 1757, William Manson and son killed at Cross's Fort, Conoco- 
 cheague. 
 
 September 26, 1757, Robert Rush, John McCraoken killed, and five others 
 captiired near Chambersburg. 
 
 May 23, 1758, Joseph Galady killed, and his wife and child captured at 
 Conococheague. 
 
 November 9, 1757, John Woods, his wife and mother-in-law, and the wife 
 of John Archer, were killed, four children taken captives, and nine men killed 
 near McDowell's mill. 
 
 April 5, 1758, one man killed and ten taken near Black's Gap, South 
 Mountain. 
 
 April 13, 1758, one killed and nine taken near Archibald's, South Mountain. 
 
 For a long time after this no record of any massacres has been found; but 
 doubtless many were committed, and many outrages perpetrated, of which 
 nothing is known. 
 
HISTOEY OF PBANKLIN COUNTY. 171 
 
 We are indebted to Capt. J. H. Walker, a descendant of James Walker, 
 for the following well autl^enticated and detailed account of his captivity and 
 escape from the Indians. 
 
 "About the middle of August, 1762, James Walker, who lived on the 
 farm where John D. Walker now resides, near Pannettsburg, was on his way 
 home from the fort at Loudon, and when near Eichmond, on the old Braddock 
 road, was fired at by a party of Indians. His horse was killed under him, 
 and in falling the horse fell on him in such a way that before he could extricate 
 himself the Indians captured him. They then took the saddle off his horse, 
 and fastening it on his back compelled him to carry it, and started over the 
 mountain westward. The first night they stopped near Fort Littleton, and to 
 make their prisoner secure, they tied his hands and an Indian slept on each 
 side of him. The next morning, discovering some horses grazing in the neigh- 
 borhood of the fort, they made several attempts to capture them, but without 
 success. After repeated failures they determined that their prisoner should 
 make a trial of it, and lest he might wander oflf too far, or attempt his escape, 
 they made a rope or line of hickory bark, and fastened to his leg, the Indians 
 holding one end of the line, but the horses were shy, he met with no better 
 success, and they were compelled to give it up, being fearful that they might 
 be discovered from the fort. After remaining nearly the whole day and 
 watching the operations at the fort, they again started westward. For several 
 days they traveled by easy stages, crossing on their way the South or Eays- 
 town branch of the Juniata River. At length, as they seemed to approach the 
 Indian settlement, the party divided one evening, and left their prisoner in 
 charge of two of their company for the night. Taking the precaution to tie 
 him safely as before, they lay dovm, one on each side of him, and soon were in 
 a sound sleep. The apparently sound sleep of their prisoner, however, was 
 not real, as he had fully determined that now, if ever, was his opportunity to 
 try to make his escape. He had a knife secreted about his person, which for- 
 tunately his captors had failed to discover. After long and patient efPort, he 
 succeeded in getting one of his hands loosed. He then worked his knife out 
 of its hiding place, and cut the cords with which he was fastened. During 
 this operation one of the Indians started as if about to rouse up, but their 
 prisoner affected such soundness of sleep that his suspicions were allayed, and 
 he soon went to sleep again. 
 
 ' ' But this being too critical a position in which to remain very long, Mr. 
 Walker, as soon as he thought it safe to do so, raised cautiously to his feet, but 
 in doing so the same wily savage again awoke, and this time realizing the 
 situation, grasped his tomahawk, and was about to spring to his feet, and 
 while in the act of doing so Mr. Walker seized him by the hair, and quick as 
 thought plunged his knife into the throat of his antagonist, who fell mortally 
 wounded at his feet. The other Indian, being awakened by the scuffle, and 
 the death knell of his companion, and supposing doubtless that they had been 
 pursued by a party of whites, hastily fled, leaving Mr. Walker master of the 
 situation. He knew too well the importance of having as great a space 
 between himself and the scene of his encounter as practicable before daylight, 
 and made all possible speed in the homeward direction. When daylight came 
 he sought a secure hiding place, and remained there all day. His journey 
 eastward was attended with many difficulties, and much suffering, as he trav- 
 eled mostly by night to avoid recapture, and the country being a dense wilder- 
 ness, he frequently became bewildered, and sometimes traveled in a wrong 
 direction. Besides subsisting chiefly on roots, berries, etc., his flesh was torn 
 with briars, and badly bruised when crossing the mountains, and forcing his 
 
172 HISTOET OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 way through the thickets. At length, after many weary days and nights, he 
 found his way back to the fort at Littleton, where he received the medical 
 attention that his situation demanded. He was greatly weakened by the 
 exposure and suffering, and the condition of his sores was so horrible, the 
 worms having already got into them, that he was compelled to remain there 
 for some time before he could be removed to his home." 
 
 In 1764, however, on July 26, three miles northwest of Greencastle, was 
 perpetrated what Par km an, the great historian of colonial times, pronounces 
 "an outrage unmatched in fiend-like atrocity through all the annals of the war. " 
 This was the massacre of Enoch Brown, a kind-hearted exemplary Christian 
 schoolmaster, and ten pupils — eight boys and two girls. Buth Hart and Ruth 
 Hale were the names of the girls. Among the boys were Eben Taylor, George 
 Dunstan and Archie McCulloagh. All were knocked down and scalped by the 
 merciless savages. Mourning and desolation came to many homes in the val- 
 ley, for each of the slaughtered innocents belonged to a different family. The 
 last named boy indeed survived the effects of the scalping knife, but in a some- 
 what demented condition. 
 
 The teacher offered his life and scalp in a spirit of self-sacrificing devotion, 
 if the savages woiild only spare the lives of the little ones under his charge 
 and care. But no! the tender mercies of the heathen are cruel, and so a per- 
 fect holocaust was made to the Moloch of war by the relentless fiends in hu- 
 man form. The school-house was located on the farm now owned by Mr. 
 Henry Diehl, and formerly owned by Mr. Christian Koser. It stood in a 
 cleared field at the head of a deep ravine, surrounded by dense forests. Down 
 this ravine the savages fled a mile or two until they struck Conococheague Creek, 
 along the bed of which, to conceal their tracks, they traveled to the mouth of 
 Path Valley up which and across the mountains they made good their escape 
 to their village near the Ohio. The bodies were given, at the time, a burial 
 in a common grave — a rude box containing the forms of the teacher and his as- 
 sociate victims. 
 
 August 4, 1843, or seventy nine years after the slaughter, a number of the 
 principal citizens of Greencastle made excavations to verify the traditional ac- 
 count of the place and manner of burial. Some remains of the rough coffin 
 were found at quite a depth from the surface, and then the skull and other re- 
 mains of a grown person, alongside of which were remains of several children. 
 Metal buttons, part of a tobacco box, teeth, etc., were picked up as relics by 
 those present, among whom were some of our citizens still living with us in a 
 green old age, viz. : Dr. Wm. Grubb,* Dr. J. K. Davison, George W. Ziegler, 
 Esq., and Gen. David Detrich. 
 
 The question of erecting a monument to the memory of these unfortunates 
 was agitated at different times, but never reached a tangible solution tiU 1885, 
 when, as the result of a very spirited canvass of schools, Sunday-schools, 
 churches, and private individuals, as well as by excursions and other legitimate 
 agencies, about 11,400 was raised for the purpose. Twenty acres of land was 
 purchased, and the monument was finally imveUed August 4, 1885, in the pres- 
 ence of 5,000 people. 
 
 The meeting was called to order by Col. B. F. Winger, chief marshal. 
 Mounting the base of the monument the Eev. Cort made a few preliminary re- 
 marks, and then four little girls and nine boys pulled the cords, the mantle of 
 red, white and blue fell, and the monument stood forth a thing of beauty and 
 strength, the delight of all beholders. It is indeed a massive affair. On the 
 top of four feet of solid masonry underneath the ground are nearly four feet of 
 
 * since deceased. 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 173 
 
 dressed limestone of immense proportions from Hawbecker's Williamson 
 quarry. On the top of this limestone foundation, which is five feet square, is 
 placed the granite base of the monument, four feet square and seventeen inch- 
 es high, and weighing 4, 600 pounds. Next comes the polished die or sub- 
 base, three feet square and two feet high, on the four sides of which are en- 
 graved the inscriptions. On the top of this stands the shaft of the monument, 
 two feet square at the base, ten feet high and tapering gracefully to a pyrami- 
 dal apex. The shaft weighs 4, 100 pounds. Inclosing the monument is a 
 very substantial iron fence, fifteen feet square. The following are the in- 
 scriptions: 
 
 On the east side : 
 
 Sacbes to the Memost of Schgol-mastbk Enoch 
 Brown and Eleven Scholars, viz. : Rdth Hart, Ruth 
 Hale, Eben Tatlob, Georoe Dunstan, Ahchie Mc- 
 
 CtTLLOUGH, AND SiX OTHERS (NaMES TJnKNOWN), WHO 
 
 WERE Massacred and Scalped by Indl4NS on this 
 Spot, Jdlt 36, 1764, During the Pontiac War. 
 
 On the north side: 
 
 Erected by Direction of the Franklin County 
 Centennial Convention of April 22, 1884, in the 
 Name of the Teachers and Scholars of All the 
 Schools in the County, Including Common Schools, 
 Select Schools and Sunday Schools. Fob a Full 
 List of Contributors bee Archives of Franklin 
 County Historical Society or Recorder's Office. 
 
 West side inscription, next to grave: 
 
 The Remains of Enoch Brown and Ten Scholars 
 (Archie McCullough Survived the Scalping) Lie 
 Buried in a Common Grave, South 63i Degrees, 
 West 14i Rods from this Monument. They Fell 
 AS Pioneer Martyrs in the Cause of Education 
 AND Christian Civilization. 
 
 On the south side: 
 
 The ground is holy where they fell, 
 
 And where their mingled ashes lie, 
 Te Christian people, mark it well 
 
 With granite columns strong and high; 
 And cherish well forevermore 
 
 The storied wealth of early years. 
 The sacred legacies of yore. 
 
 The toils and trials of pioneers. 
 
 The small monument was unveiled at the grave by Eev. Cort after a fe-ft 
 preliminary remarks. It is a very chaste and pretty structure, composed, like 
 the larger monument, of Concord granite. It is about seven feet high and 
 two feet square at the base. On the side facing the grave is this inscription: 
 " The grave of Schoolmaster Enoch Brown and Ten Scholars, massacred by 
 the Indians July 26, 1764." Around it is also a solid iron fence ten feet square. 
 
 George W. Ziegler, Esq., was chosen president for the day, and made a 
 short address, heartily approving the cause which had brought the people to- 
 gether and commending the monument committee for its faithful and energet- 
 ic labors. Eev. J. D. Hunter then ofPered a very appropriate prayer. The 
 Eeformed Church choir, under the lead of Prof. Collins, assisted by a few am- 
 ateurs, sang "America," "My Country, 'tis of Thee," and afterward "The 
 Infant Martyrs," a hymn composed by Dr. Henry Harbaugh on the martyred 
 babes of Bethlehem, who were slain by King Herod. The organization was 
 completed by the election of the vice-presidents and secretaries, viz. : 
 
174 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Vice-presidents: Rev. J. Spangler Kiefer, Hagerstown, Md. ; Gen. David 
 Detrich, Dr. James K. Davidson, Capt. Jacob Diehl, Antrim; Jacob Hoke, 
 Judge Kimmel, Eev. Herbert, Chambersburg; Jacob B. Brumbaugh. Peters; 
 Simon Leeron, D. C. Shank, George J. Balsley, D. 0. Nicodemus, Washing- 
 ton; Joseph Winger, Montgomery; Dr. Frick, Quincy; Rev. Knappenberger, 
 John Hoch, Mercersburg; Rev. Bahner, Waynesboro; Rev. Riddle, Fairfax, 
 Va. ; Andrew K. Kissecker, TifSn, Ohio. Secretaries: W. G. Davison, W. 
 C. Kreps, Greencastle; Bruce Laudebaugh, G. W. Atherton, Mercersburg; 
 William A.' Ried, Antrim; A. N. Pomeroy, Chambersburg. 
 
 Rev. Cyrus Cort, chairman of the monument committee, then made the 
 presentation speech, which was well received. 
 
 After a sumptuous dinner, Rev. J. W. Knappenberger, of Mercersburg, of- 
 fered a short but appropriate prayer. Peter A. Witmer, of Hagerstown, Md., 
 made an address heartily approving the work. He was followed by Rev. F. M. 
 Woods, of Martinsburg, W. Va. John M. Cooper, of Harrisburg, read a very 
 fine poem appropriate to the occasion. Dr. W. H. Egle, of Harrisburg, de- 
 livered the historical address of the occasion on " Pontiac and Bouquet. " He 
 complimented, in eloquent terms. Rev. Cyrus Cort* for the intense zeal he had 
 manifested in the erection of this, the people' s monument — a tribute to the ed- 
 ucational martyrs of the county. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. 
 John R. Agnew. 
 
 One of the last massacres committed by the Indians in Franklin County, 
 probably about the time of the Revolutionary war, was that of the Renfrew 
 sisters (Sarah and Jane), on what is now the farm of A. J. Fahnestock, near 
 Waynesboro. The girls, it is said, were washing clothes on the bank of the 
 Little Antietam, when two Indians came upon them, and having stricken them 
 down and taken their scalps, went to the little cabin standing on the hill and 
 killed an infant, dashing its brains out against a tree. They then betook 
 themselves in flight to the mountains, westward, but were pursued by two ex- 
 perienced hunters living in the neighborhood. The savages were finally over- 
 taken in an open forest, in the Big Cove, engaged in eating wild plums. Ac- 
 cording to previous plans, the wary hunters approached sufficiently close to see 
 the seeds of the plums drop, one by one. Raising their trusty guns, they 
 fired, each bringing his victim to the ground. Scalping the savages and re- 
 covering the scalps of the girls, they hastily retraced their steps and reached 
 the Renfrew home in time to deposit all four scalps by the coffin ready to be 
 buried. The dust of the Renfrews now rests in an humble grave in what is 
 known as the Burns grave-yard, on the Fahnestock place, and is marked by a 
 simple slab of rough sandstone. 
 
 In 1765 a difficulty occurred between the military authorities at Fort 
 Loudoun, under command of Lieut. Charles Grant, and certain citizens in 
 Peters Township, under the leadership of James Smith. The whole afPair 
 grew out of the fact that certain Indian traders from Philadelphia ■were in the 
 habit of smuggling lead, tomahawks, scalping knives, etc. , through the lines 
 and disposing of the same tp the ruthless savages. With a band of men, 
 blacked and painted. Smith, highly incensed at these damnable acts, ambushed 
 and waylaid a company of traders, killing their ponies, capturing certain sup- 
 plies and burning others. The traders repaired to the fort, and secured the 
 Bervices of a squad of Highland soldiers, under command of Sergt. Leonard 
 McGlashan, to arrest the robbers, as the citizens were called. A number of in- 
 nocent men were apprehended and thrown into the guard-house at the fort. 
 
 *The writer is indebted for the fa£ts contained In this account of tlie Enoch Brown massacre to Rev. Cort'a 
 excellent little Tolume, " Enoch Brown Memorial." 
 
HISTORY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 175 
 
 Smith raised 300 riflemen and marched to the fort, encamping on a high hill in 
 sight of the works. "We were not long there," says Smith, " until we had 
 more than double as many of the British troops prisoners in our camp, as they 
 had of our people in the guard-house. Capt. Grant, a Highland officer 
 who then commanded Fort Loudoun, then sent a flag of truce to our camp, 
 where we settled a cartel and gave them above two for one, which enabled us 
 to redeem all our men from the guard-house without further difficulty." 
 
 Gbant retained a number of rifle guns which his men had taken from the 
 citizens, refusing to deliver them until he had explicit orders from his superior. 
 Gen. Gage. "As he was riding out one day," continues Smith, "we took 
 him prisoner, and detained him until he delivered up the arms; we also de- 
 stroyed a large quantity of gunpowder that the traders had stored up, lest it 
 might be conveyed privately to the Indians. The king' s troops and our party 
 had now got entirely out of the channel of the civil law, and many unjustifiable 
 things were done by both parties. This convinced me, more than ever I had 
 been before, of the absolute necessity of the civil law in order to govern man- 
 kind." 
 
 This conflict between the civil and military authorities, the outgrowth of 
 Indian difficulties, involved the magistrates of the township, the governor of 
 the State and the commander-in-chief of the British forces in America. It was 
 finally settled, but not without much difficulty and ill-feeling. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 THE EEVOLUTION. 
 
 Its Caxtses — Loyalty to the Mother Country — Early Military— Ros- 
 ter AND Roll of Franklin Men — From Colonies to States— Heroes 
 FROM Franklin County— One of the First American Cannons, etc. 
 
 THE colonists had hardly recovered from the cruelties and sufferings of 
 the French and Indian war and the ensuing raids of the savages upon 
 the scattered and defenseless settlers, when dark clouds began to gather in 
 the distance, that were portentous of a coming storm of seven long years of 
 cruel and bitter war between the feeble colonies and the mother country. 
 
 The century and a half preceding the breaking out of the Revolutionary 
 war had been a long and severe school for the colonists and their ancestors to 
 prepare them for the coming ordeal. Most of the immigrants were fugitives 
 from cruel religious persecutions, and outlaws from their native lands. Those 
 who escaped death emerged from dismal dungeons to skulk in caves and out- 
 of-the-way places, and to hide, by ttrange disguises, from the inappeasable 
 wrath of man, guilty of no c^ime save that of a determination to be free "to 
 think, act and serve their Divine Master in accordance with the dictates of 
 their own consciences. This was a trying school in which to rear a people — - 
 it was the ordeal of fire, the baptism of blood; but it tended to mold charac- 
 ters of iron, to instill heroic blood, to plant the seed of liberty in the hearts of 
 the people thus relentlesqjy pursued, and raise up heroes who feared nothing 
 but their God. These poor, suffering victims had heard of the New World; 
 and, in the dark perspective, it was to them the guiding star of promise, bid- 
 ding them come. 
 
176 HISTORY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 They gladly fled from their native country and landed upon the shores 
 of this continent — the land of the ignorant and treacherous savages. They 
 were in the direst extremities of poverty, but rich in hope and deeply imbued 
 with the first lessons in the love of freedom. Their awful persecutions, 
 instead of driving them away from their religion and its practices, only made 
 them the more determined in their convictions and more fearless in proclaiming 
 their faith. 
 
 Nothing that has occurred in this world has had so powerful an influence upon 
 mankind as the war for independence. All men realize that it made this a great, 
 free and independent people. But this was only a part of what that righteous 
 war effected. It gave liberty to mankind. It was the turning point in man's 
 destiny upon earth. It was the enduring and ever-growing triumph in the 
 struggle between right and wrong. It lifted up the human race, and, as an 
 instance of how strong and wide reaching its effects were, it need only be 
 noticed that its good results were, and have been, as strong in Great Britain 
 as they have been anywhere else, and the blessings of freedom she so strove to 
 crush have penetrated her entire realms, and, like the gentle dews from heaven, 
 have blessed all alike. Since the earliest traditions the earth has been chiefly 
 the theater of bloody wars — wars of tribes; wars of nations; civil wars; wars 
 for pelf, for power, for the ambition of rulers, and religious wars and crusades 
 for sentiment. What a stream of blood it was! What a world of wo this 
 raging stream bore upon its bosom! Rulers, besotted and beastly, made war; 
 men were simply food-powder- victims driven to the bloody shambles; until the 
 American Revolution, no war had. been successfully waged for the rights of 
 the people — for liberty of the souls and bodies of men. 
 
 In 1765 the people of Pennsylvania began to enter their first protest 
 against the oppressive action' of the mother country. At first these could not 
 be called mutterings — they were merely the mild expressions of a loyal people 
 against the manifold acts of injustice, with no thought of any one going fur- 
 ther than words of the most respectful and loyal dissent. Their words fell up- 
 on dull ears ; they were not heeded, and, even if noticed at all, they were only 
 answered with silent contempt. In the course of time a public sympathy 
 sprang up for the people of Boston. The outrages grew in numbers and severity, 
 and in the course of the next decade men became alarmed, and then public ex- 
 pression and public action began to take place. 
 
 July 12, 1774, the people of Cumberland County met at Carlisle. John 
 Montgomery presided over the meeting. The state of the country was briefly, 
 very briefly, it seems, discussed, and steps were promptly taken that showed the 
 temper of the men of those times. They unanimously passed resolutions con- 
 demning Parliament for closing the port of Boston; recommending a General 
 Congress of the colonies; the abandonment of the use of British merchandise, 
 and finally for the appointing of deputies to concert measures for the meeting 
 of the General Congress. As emphatic as were the people of this meeting, 
 there was no sentiment of revolt or war upon the mother country. Even af- 
 ter the war had actually commenced and the battle of Lexington had been fought, 
 the loyalty of the people to their government is manifested by the action of 
 the Assembly of Pennsylvania, in November, 1775, appointing delegates to 
 represent the province in Congress, and expressly instructing them "that they, 
 in behalf of this colony, dissent from, and utterly reject any proposition, should 
 such be made, that may cause or lead to a separation from our mother country, 
 or a change of the form of this government." This was in November, but the 
 battle of Lexington occurred in the preceding April. 
 
 In Vol. II, page 516, " American Archives" of date May 6, 1775, seventeen 
 
'^e^^^-^'^'i^- 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 179 
 
 ■days after the battle of Lexington, occtirs the following: "Yesterday the 
 county committee of Cumberland County, from nineteen townships, met on the 
 short notice they had. About 3, 000 have already associated. The arms re- 
 turned are about 1,500. The committee have voted 500 men, besides com- 
 missioned officers, to be taken into pay, armed and disciplined, to march on the 
 first emergency; to be paid and supported as long as necessary, by a tax on all 
 ■estates real and personal. " The next day they again met and unanimously 
 voted they "were ready to raise 1,500 or 2,000 men," should they be needed, 
 and also were ready and willing to put a debt of £27,000 per annum on the 
 county. A number of companies from Cumberland County were soon ready, 
 and marched to join Washington's army at the siege of Boston. One of these 
 companies, it is known, was from what is now Franklin County. This was 
 Capt. James Chambers' company. He was soon promoted colonel, and after- 
 ward became a brigadier-general; he and his company continued in the service 
 during nearly all the seven years' war. Gen. James Chambers was the eldest 
 son of Col. Benjamin Chambers, the founder of Chambersburg. His company 
 joined Permsylvania's first rifle regiment, under Col. William Thompson, of 
 Oximberland County. This was the first regiment south of the Hudson that 
 marched to the relief of Boston, and the historian says ' ' their arrival attracted 
 much attention; they were stout and hardy yeomanry, the flower of Pennsyl- 
 vania's frontiersmen and remarkable for the accuracy of their aim" — an im- 
 portant desideratum at that time. This regiment had been enlisted under the 
 resolution ai, Congress, July 14, 1775, authorizing the raising of six companies 
 of expert riflemen in Pennsylvania, ten in Maryland, and two in Virginia. 
 Each company was to contain 68 privates, 1 captain, 3 lieutenants, 4 sergeants, 
 1 corporal and 1 drummer. They rendezvoused at Beading, where the regi- 
 ment was organized by the election of William Thompson, of Carlisle, colonel; 
 Edward Hand, of Lancaster, lieutenant-colonel; and Eobert Magaw, of Our- 
 lisle, major. 
 
 ROSTKB OP CAPT. JAMES CHAMBEK8' COMPANY. 
 
 Captain — James Chambers. 
 
 First lieutenant — James Grier. 
 
 Second lieutenant — Nathan McConnell. 
 
 Third lieutenant — Thomas Buchanan. 
 
 Sergeants— David Hay, Arthur Andrews, Alex. Crawford. 
 
 David Boyd. 
 John Brandon. 
 Johnson Brooks. 
 James Black. 
 Thomas Beatty. 
 David Biddle. 
 Michael Benker. 
 Archibald Brown. 
 Black Brown. 
 John Brown. 
 William Bamett. 
 Timothy Campbell. 
 William Campbell. 
 Benjamin Carson. 
 William Cheatney. 
 John Dermont. 
 Joseph Eaton. 
 John Everly. 
 Abijah Fairchild. 
 James Funnoil. 
 John Fidd. 
 William Gildersleeve. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Bichard Henny. 
 Peter Hogan. 
 Geo. Houseman. 
 John Hutchinson. 
 Thomas Hutchinson. 
 Charles Irwin. 
 Francis Jamieson. 
 Robert Joblier. 
 Andrew Johnston. 
 George Justice. 
 Andrew Keith. 
 Lewis Kettling. 
 Michael Kelly. 
 Thomas Kelly. 
 Silas Leonard, 
 David Lukens. 
 Thomas Lochry. 
 Patrick Logan. 
 Nicholas Lowrie. 
 John Lynch. 
 John McCosh. 
 James McEleve. 
 
 John McDonald. 
 Michael McGibson. 
 Cornelius McGiggin. 
 James McHafley. 
 John McMurtrie. 
 Patrick McGaw. 
 Thomas Mason. 
 Patrick Neale. 
 William Parker. 
 David Riddle, 
 Thomas Rogers. 
 Nicholas Sawyer. 
 Joseph Scott. 
 Jacob Shute. 
 Moses Skinner. 
 Timothy Styles. 
 Patrick Sullivan. 
 James Sweeny. 
 James Symns. 
 Thomas Vaughn. 
 
180 HISTOKY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 This was not only the first company of infantry that went to the war from 
 what is now Franklin, but it was the first from this valley. The account of 
 the patriotic Chambers family, in the Indian wars and in the war of the Revo- 
 lutidn, is very nearly as complete an account of the doings of the people of the 
 county as can now be learned. Col. Benjamin Chambers had been the most 
 conspicuous figure in southern Pennsylvania in the first Indian wars and raids 
 in the valley. When the war for independence broke out, he was tben 
 too old to go to the battle-field, but his three sons, all of whom became emi- 
 nent in the ranks of the colonial armies, were the first to heed the call of duty 
 and rally the people around the flag of liberty. These were James, Will- 
 iams and Benjamin. James, as related above, by rapid promotion for gallantry, 
 was soon made brigadier-general. Williams and Benjamin were each pro- 
 moted to captain, and all served during nearly the entire war. 
 
 A full account of the Chambers family may be found in the biography 
 given elsewhere, but a brief resume is here given of the services in the field of 
 Gen. Chambers, as it is, in a large measure, now the best account we can 
 obtain of the part taken by the people in the war. 
 
 August 26, 1775, 400 men drawn from Cumberland County companies were 
 placed under the command of Capt. James Chambers, and sent to Prospect and 
 Ploughed Hill, near Boston, to protect a force of nearly 2,000 men, who were 
 erecting a redoubt near the latter hill. Here they performed some hard and 
 efiicient service. In March, 1776, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel vice 
 Col. Hand, appointed colonel in the place of Col. Thompson, who had been 
 made a brigadier-general. Col. Chambers was ordered to Long Island, was 
 in the battle of Flat Bush August 22, 1776, and also in the fight at King's 
 Bridge. In his report of the operations at Flat Bush, among other things, he 
 says : ' ' Capt. John Steele acted with great bravery. ' ' In August, 1776, the 
 Pennsylvania troops were selected as a reserve to cover the retreat of our army 
 from Long Island. That body was composed mostly of troops fi'om Cumberland 
 and what is now Franklin County. September 26, 1776, Lieut. Col. Chambers 
 was made colonel of his regiment, Col. Hand having been promoted. In June, 
 1777, his command was in New Jersey, and was among the first to enter New 
 Brunswick, driving the enemy before it. September 11, 1777, his command 
 was opposed to the Hessians, under Gen. Knyphausen, at Chadd's ford 
 and Brandywine, where Col. Chambers was wounded in the side, Lieut. HoUi- 
 day was killed, and Capts. Grier and Craig were woiinded. With his command 
 he was also in the battle of Germantown October 4, 1777, and in the fight at 
 Monmouth June 28, 1778. He led the attack of Bergen Point July 20, 1780, 
 and the command was highly complimented by Gen. Wayne for gallantry in 
 this charge. He, with his command, was at WTiite Plains, West Point, and in 
 many other minor battles up to the time of his resignation in 1781. After his 
 retirement he was three different times appointed to the command of a battalion 
 in his native county. In 1794 he was appointed to command the Third Brig- 
 ade of Pennsylvania troops, called out to quell the whisky insun-ection. In 
 1798 he was again appointed to a similar command in anticipation of a war 
 with France. 
 
 The substance of an article from the pen of Hon. John B. Linn, deputy 
 secretary of the commonwealth, that appeared in the Philadelphia Weekly 
 Times of April 14, 1878, is given below, confined as much as possible to 
 those parts that refer to this action of the Franklin County men: "The His- 
 torical Society of Pennsylvania has in its temporary possession a very inter- 
 esting relic of the revolution. It is the standard of the First Pennsylvania 
 Eifle Battalion. * * * xhis regiment was raised on the reception of the 
 
HISTORY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 181 
 
 news of the battle of Bunker Hill, and entered the trenches in front of Boston, 
 August 8, 1775. It was in the skirmishes in front of Boston, and before 
 the British evacuated that city it was ordered to New York to repel their land- 
 ing there. * * * The term of the battalion expired June 30, 1776, but 
 of&cers and men in large numbers re-enlisted for three years, or during the 
 war. * * * It was at Long Island, White Plains, Trenton and Princeton 
 under command of Col. Hand, and under the command of Col. Chambers, at 
 Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and in every other battle and skirmish 
 of the main army until Col. Chambers' resignation in 1781. 
 
 Col. Chambers was succeeded by Col. Daniel Broadhead, May 26, 1781. The 
 regiment, after this long service under Gen. Wayne, joined Gen. Lafayette at 
 Raccoon Ford on the Eappahannock, June 10; fought at Green Springs, July 
 6; opened the second parallel at Yorktown. Gen. Steuben, in his orders dated 
 October 21, says of this movement that he considered it the most important 
 part of the siege. The regiment then went south with Gen. Wayne and fought 
 in the last battle of the war at Sharon, Ga. , May 24, 1782 ; entered Savannah in 
 triumph July 11, and Charleston December 14, 1782; went into camp on James 
 Island, S. C, May 11, 1783, and when the news of the cessation of hostilities 
 reached there, they embarked for Philadelphia. In its services it traversed 
 every one of the original thirteen States of the Union; for while in Boston 
 Capt. Parr was ordered with a battalion to Portsmouth, N. H. , to defend that 
 point." In December, 1775, the Second Pennsylvania Regiment was formed. 
 It was at first under the command of Col. John Bull, afterward under Col. 
 John Philip De Haas. 
 
 Under a call from Congress for four more battalions, in January, 1776, 
 Col. Irvine's Sixth Regiment was formed. It was composed of eight com- 
 panies; and of these, three companies were mostly from Franklin County 
 territory, to- wit: Company 3, Capt. Abraham Smith. There is some dispute 
 as to whether Capt. Smith's company was from what is now Cumberland 
 County, or from this county. The truth probably is, it was made up of men 
 from both of them. The others were Company 4, Capt. William Rippey, and 
 Company 8, Capt. Jeremiah Talbott. 
 
 It is now believed that Capt. Smith was from Lurgan Township, just north 
 of the Franklin County line. There evidently were two Capt. Abraham Smiths, 
 from this and Cumberland County. One was a civilian; but which was 
 which, the confusion in the records does not always make plain. One was of 
 Lurgan and the other of Antrim Township. This fact is now evident. 
 
 The following are the names of the officers and men: 
 
 COMPAJJT NO. 3. OF IRVINE'S REGIMENT. 
 
 Captain — Abraham Smith, commissioned January 9, 1776. 
 
 First lieutenant — Robert White. 
 
 Second lieutenants — John Alexander, Andrew Irvine. 
 
 Ensigns — Samuel Montgomery, Samuel Kennedy. 
 
 Sergeants— John Beatty, Samuel Hamilton, Hugh Foster, William Scott, William 
 Burke. 
 
 Corporals— William Burke, George Standley, John Moore, William Campbell, Seth 
 Richey, William McCormick, William Drennon; William Cochran, flfer; John Fannon,. 
 drummer. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 David Armor. Josiah Cochran. William Downey. 
 
 John Brown. Robert Craighead. Hugh Drennon. 
 
 Patrick Brown. Anthony Creevy. Daniel Divinney. 
 
 John Blakeley. William Cochran. Pat. Fleming. 
 
 John Brannon. James Dunlap. William Gwln, 
 
 Philip Boyle. Thomas Drennon. Alex. Gordon, 
 
182 
 
 HISTORY OF: FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Robt. Gregg. 
 Thomas Hi^gins. 
 James HoUiday. 
 Thomas Holmes. 
 John Hendricks. 
 Benj. Ishmail. 
 Robert Jarrett. 
 Thomas Johnson. 
 Samuel Love. 
 Geo. Lucas. 
 Nicholas Little. 
 James Lowrey. 
 Daniel McKusick. 
 John McCoUam. 
 William McCormick. 
 Michael McQarea. 
 Bryan McLaughlin. 
 John McFetridge. 
 
 Michael McMullin. 
 James McEissock. 
 Adam McBreas. 
 John McDowell. 
 Samuel McBrea. 
 Robert Mcllno. 
 Alex. McKenny. 
 John McEingham. 
 John Montgomery. 
 Alex. Moore. 
 Robert Miller. 
 Hugh Milligan. 
 Moses Powell. 
 Nathan Points. 
 John Rannell. 
 Seth Richey. 
 Patrick Rogers. 
 John Rannell, Jr. 
 
 Peter Runey. 
 Alex. Reid. 
 Borthal Roharty. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 Patrick Silvers. 
 Thomas Scott. 
 Gteorge Simpson. 
 Robert Swinie. 
 John Stoops. 
 Ad. Sheaver. 
 William Stitt. 
 Peter Sheran. 
 Charles Tipper. 
 John Todd. 
 Mich. White. 
 James White. 
 John Wilson. 
 John Young. 
 
 COMPANY NO. 4. Off IRVINB'S KKQIMENT. 
 
 Captain— William Rippey. 
 
 First lieutenants— William Alexander, Alexander Parker. 
 Second lieutenant— John Brooks. 
 Ensign — William Lusk. 
 
 Sergeants— John Hughes, Robert Watt, John McClelland, William Anderson. 
 Corporals— William Gibbs, Jeremiah McKibben, James McCuUoh, George Gordon, 
 Nath Stevenson; William Richards, flfer; Daniel Peterson, drummer. 
 
 Jacob Anderson. 
 Robert Barckley. 
 Bernerd Burns- 
 Robert Caskey. 
 Henry Cartright. 
 Robert Cortney. 
 Jacob Christyardinger. 
 Benjamin Cochran. 
 Hugh Call. 
 John Collins. 
 William Dougherty. 
 John Davison. 
 Joseph Devine. 
 Anthony Dawson. 
 Thomas Dycke. 
 James Fiherty. 
 Hugh Forsyth. 
 Hugh Ferguson. 
 Thomas Falls. 
 William George. 
 Henry Girden. 
 Thomas Gell. 
 Jacob Glouse. 
 Nathan Hemphill. 
 Robert Haslet. 
 John Hendry. 
 William Henderson. 
 James Hervey. 
 
 PKrVXTBS. 
 
 Cumberland Hamilton. 
 Neal Harden. 
 George Hewitt. 
 Robert Irvine. 
 Jacob Justice. 
 John Johnston. 
 Christopher Kechler. 
 Francis Eain. 
 John Kelly. 
 William Lowry. 
 Daniel Lavery. 
 David Linsey. 
 James Lynch. 
 John Madden. 
 Josiah McCall. 
 John McMicheal. 
 James McComb. 
 William Mclntyre. 
 John Moore. 
 James Mullin. 
 Thomas McCall. 
 Philip Melon. 
 Alexander McNichols. 
 James McCoy. 
 James McCon. 
 David McClain. 
 John McDonell. 
 Daniel McClain. 
 
 John McGaw. 
 Charles Malone. 
 George McFerson. 
 William Nicholson. 
 John Ortman. 
 John O'Neal. 
 Thomas Pratt. 
 Thomas Parsons. 
 Aaron Patterson. 
 Charles Rasbrough. 
 John Rasbrough. 
 John Rogers. 
 Thomas Reed. 
 Robert Robeson. 
 Basil Regan. 
 John Stoner. 
 Henry Scott. 
 Alexander Stephenson. 
 Nathan Stephenson. 
 James Smiley. 
 William Thompson. 
 John Tribele. 
 Jacob Trash. 
 John Van Kirk. 
 William Winn. 
 John Wright. 
 Peter Young. 
 
 COMPACT NO. 8, OP IRVINE'S BBGIMENT. 
 
 Captain— Jeremiah Talbott. 
 First lieutenant — John McDonald. 
 Second lieutenant — Alexander Brown. 
 Ensign— William Graham. 
 
 Sergeants— John McCollam, John Wilson, James Cupples, Samuel Mitchell. 
 Corporals- William Campbell, Robert Hunter, John Chain, John Reniston and John 
 Milton, drummer; John Killin, fifer. 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 183 
 
 Robert Asten. 
 John Bradley. 
 William Black. 
 John Church. 
 George Coghren. 
 Francis Clark. 
 Robert Carnahan. 
 Charles Conna. 
 John Campbell. 
 Joseph Chambers. 
 John Dinning. 
 William Evans. 
 John Faulkner. 
 Hugh Fairess. 
 James Cardner. 
 Daniel Gibson. 
 William Heaslett. 
 John Heatherington. 
 
 PMVATES. 
 
 Duke Handlon. 
 John Higgens. 
 Kern KeTley. 
 Stephen Lyon. 
 Jacob Lewis. 
 Hugh Lilley. 
 John Marten. 
 Robert MoUon. 
 Benj. Morrison. 
 James McFarlan. 
 Charles McRoun. 
 Archibald McDonald. 
 Matthew McConnell. 
 Thomas McCreary. 
 Charles McMullen. 
 Thomas Mitchell. 
 Charles "Marry. 
 Patrick Marry. 
 
 Able Morgan. 
 Archibald Nickel. 
 Andrew Pinkerton. 
 Samuel Power. 
 John Pollock. 
 James Quarre. 
 William Shaw. 
 Mike Sesalo. 
 John Shoemaker. 
 James Sloan. 
 John Totton. 
 John Thompson. 
 Hugh Thompson. 
 William White. 
 John White. 
 John Welch. 
 Robert Watson. 
 Isaac Wiley. 
 
 In April, 1777, Capt. Talbott'a company had been so reduced by hard serv- 
 ice that it was recruited up to the requii-ed number. The following are the 
 recruits that were then added: 
 
 John McCullum. 
 John Foster. 
 John Ferguson. 
 Michael Black. 
 John Wilson. . 
 Robert Hunter. 
 John Brown. 
 Gilbert Berryhill. 
 Hugh Casserty. 
 Charles Conner. 
 George Corohan. 
 Bdward Hart. 
 John Shoemaker. 
 James Garlant. 
 James Loe. 
 Jacob Weaver. 
 Patrick Guinn. 
 Joseph West. 
 Peter Smith. 
 John Smith. 
 Michael Sitsl^r. 
 
 John McKinley. 
 Charles Kelly. 
 John Johnson. 
 William Antrican. 
 Michael Brown. 
 John Milton. 
 Henry Vaughan. 
 James Ralls. 
 Patrick Doyle. 
 William McDonald. 
 Michael Danfee. 
 John Kellenough. 
 Patrick Murrey. 
 Conrad Carcass. 
 William Gibbs. 
 Thomas Whitely. 
 Hugh Thompson. 
 William Foster. 
 Phelix O'Neal. 
 John Crowl. 
 
 John PuUerton. 
 Pat Boyle. 
 Thomas Sherry. 
 John Cavenaugh. 
 Robert Burns. 
 Andrew McGahey. 
 William McCalley. 
 Isaac Shockey. 
 Christopher Row. 
 Francis O'Harrah. 
 Thomas Dunn. 
 Daniel McCartey. 
 Barney McQilligen. 
 Thomas Aston. 
 John Smith (tanner). 
 Patrick McKinley. 
 John Robinson. 
 John Feaghander. 
 William Campbell. 
 Patrick McCullum. 
 
 In addition to the companies enumerated above, it is an established fact 
 that there were the companies of Capts. James McConnell, William Huston, 
 Eobert Culbertson and Conrad Schneider — four full companies — that were 
 from what is now Franklin County. These were recruited and all prepared to 
 go to the front, but as they were among the last men enlisted, it is not posi- 
 tively known, nor are there any records by which the fact can be exactly stated, 
 that they were ordered from the county and were in the field. Possibly they 
 did not really join the Colonial Army, and this may account for the absence of 
 them on the army rolls. 
 
 In the early part of 1777, the first battalion of Cumberland County mili- 
 tia was formed; commanded by Col. James Dunlap. The lieutenant-colo- 
 nel was Eobert Culbertson, of Franklin County. In this battalion were three 
 companies that were from what is now Franklin County — the companies of 
 Capts. Noah Abraham, of Path Valley; Patrick Jack, of Hamilton, and 
 Charles Maclay, of Lurgan. The roster of Capt. Abraham's company was as 
 follows: 
 
 Captain — Noah Abraham. 
 
 First lieutenant— Archibald Elliott. 
 
184 
 
 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Second lieutenant^Samuel Walker. 
 
 Sergeants— James McConnaughy, Joseph Noble, Robert McConnell, Thomas Clark. 
 
 John Garven. 
 George Farmer. 
 Samuel Elder. 
 William Elliott. 
 Francis Elliott. 
 Abram Elder. 
 George Dixson. 
 Alex. Douglas (weaver). 
 Henry Delmer. 
 Patrick Dougherty. 
 Andrew Douglas, Sr. 
 Samuel Campbell. 
 James Carmady. 
 Hugh McCurdy. 
 Robert Alexander. 
 Alexander McConnell. 
 James Alexander. 
 Charles Gibson. 
 James Harvey. 
 James Howe. 
 Andrew Hemphill. 
 William Harvey. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 James Mitchell. 
 David Armstrong. 
 John Mclellan, Jr. 
 John Adams. 
 Samuel Mears. 
 William Adams. 
 James Mackey. 
 James Allen. 
 Robert McQuire. 
 John Brown. 
 Henry McGee. 
 James Boggs. 
 John Mackey. 
 Nathaniel Bryan. 
 John Montgomery. 
 Allen Brown. 
 James Nealy. 
 Alex. Hopper. 
 Adam Humberg. 
 John Johnson. 
 Joseph Kilgore. 
 Alex. Long. 
 John McLellan. 
 
 William Buchanan. 
 David Neal. 
 John Bell. 
 James Park. 
 Daniel Colbert. 
 Henry Varner. 
 William Cortz. 
 William Wright. 
 John Canady. 
 Robert Walker. 
 Samuel Watson. 
 William Woodrow. 
 Alexander Mear. 
 Samuel McCauley. 
 Samuel Woodrow. 
 James McLellan. 
 Patrick Davidson. 
 Wm. McLellan. 
 Wm. Mclbbins. 
 John Means. 
 Nathan McColley. 
 James Montgomery. 
 Alex. Meor. 
 
 Henderson Harvey. 
 
 In Col. John Davis' Second Battalion, was Capt. Charles Leeper's com- 
 pany, of Lurgan Township. Capt. James McConnell, of Letterkenny, with 
 his company, was in the Fourth Battalion. 
 
 The Sixth Battalion was mostly officered by Franklin County men, as fol- 
 lows: Colonel, Samuel Culbertson; lieutenant-colonel, John Work; major, James 
 McCammont (McCalmont); adjutant, John Wilson; quartermaster, Samuel 
 Finley; surgeon, Bichard Brownson. The officers in Company No. 2, of this 
 battalion were the following: Captain, Patrick Jack; first-lieutenant William 
 Eeynolds ; second lieutenant, James McLene ; ensign, Francis Gardner. This 
 company was recruited from Hamilton Township. 
 
 Company 3 in this battalion, was from Letterkenny Township, and the fol- 
 lowing officers: Captain, Samuel Patton; first lieutenant, John Eaton; second 
 lieutenant, David Shields; ensign, William Bamsey. A company from Peters 
 Township, No. 4, had the following: Captain, James Patton; first lieutenant, 
 Thomas McDowell; second lieutenant, John Welsh; ensign, John Dickey. 
 Company No. 5: Captain, Joseph Culbertson; first lieutenant, John Barr; sec- 
 ond lieutenant, William Cessna; ensign, Hugh Allison. This company was from 
 Lurgan Township. Company 6 as follows: Captain, William Huston; first 
 lieutenant, William Elliott; second lieutenant, James McFarland; ensign, Eobert 
 Kyle. It is said this company was recruited from Montgomery, Peters and 
 Hamilton Townships. To this company Eev. Dr. John King delivered a pa- 
 triotic-address as they were about starting for the field. * 
 
 Company 7 the following: Captain, Eobert McCoy; first lieutenant, James 
 Irwin; second lieutenant, Samuel Dunwoody; ensign, Walter McKinney — 
 from Peters Township. Company No. 8 as follows: Captain, John McCon- 
 nell; first lieutenant, Joseph Stevenson; Second lieutenant, Geo. Stevenson; 
 ensign, James Caldwell, from Letterkenny Township. In the Eighth Battal- 
 
 *'The case is plain; life must be hazarded or all is gone. You must go and fight, or send your humble 
 submission, and bow as a beast to its burden, or as an ox to the slaughter. The king of Great Britain has de- 
 clared us rebels, a capital crime; submission therefore consents to the rope or the ax. Xibcrty is doubtless gone; 
 none could imagine a tyrant king should be more favorable to conquered rebels, than he was to loyal, humble, 
 petitioning subjects. No! No! If ever a people lay in chains we must, if our enemies carry their point againsc 
 us, and oblige us to unconditional submission. This is not all. Our Tory neighbors will be our proud and tor- 
 menting enemies." 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 185 
 
 ion, colonel, Abraham Smith, of Franklin County. There were four other 
 field officers from this county, named: Lieutenant-colonel, James Johnston- 
 major, John Johnston; adjutant, Thomas Johnston; and quartermaster, Ter- 
 rance Campbell. 
 
 Four companies in the Eighth Battalion were Franklin County men as fol- 
 lows: Company No. 1. of Waynesboro— Captain, Samuel Koyer; first lieu- 
 tenant, Jacob Foreman; second lieutenant, John Eiddlesberger; ensign 
 Peter Shaver. Company 2, Lurgan Township— Captain, John Jack; first 
 lieutenant, James Brotherton; second lieutenent, Daniel McLene; ensign, 
 James Drummond. Company 3, from Antrim Township — Captain, James 
 Poe; first lieutenant, Joseph Patterson; second lieutenant, Jacob Stotler- 
 ensign, James Dickson. Company 8, Lurgan Township— Captain, John 
 Eea; first lieutenant, Albert Torrence; second lieutenant, Alexander Thom- 
 son; ensign, Hugh Wiley. This is all the record now accessible concerning 
 these companies. 
 
 In 1779 a company recruited from Path Valley was mustered into the 
 service, and sent west to quell an Indian disturbance. This was Capt. Noah 
 Abraham's company — First-lieutenant, Nathaniel Stevenson; second lieuten- 
 ant, Adam Harman; sergeants, Joseph Ferguson, Campbell Lefever, James 
 Hamilton, John Eoatch; privates, Daniel Colbert, Neal Dougherty, Frederick 
 Dougherty, Patrick Dougherty, Thomas Knox, Daniel Lavrey, William Love, 
 Kedmond McDonough, Mathias Maers, John Maghan, John Millison, James 
 Megraw, Isaac Miner, James Russell, John Eobinson, James Eay and 
 William Walker. 
 
 At the same time another company went from Letterkenny Township: Cap- 
 tain, Samuel Patton; first lieutenant, Ezekiel Sample; sergeants, John Kin- 
 caid, William Spear; privates, John Bran, Thomas Crotley, Eichard Cooper, 
 George Hunter, Samuel Howard, John Hart, William Lowry, George Lamb, 
 John Lytle, Heniy Marshal, John Mathias (weaver), Lorans McEeady, John 
 Parker, William Patterson, Abram Eosenberry, William Sharp, John Welsh, 
 Henry Williamson. 
 
 It is supposed the above enumeration includes all of the separate organiza- 
 tions that went to the war from what is now Franklin County. Just how many 
 men did go cannot now be accurately told. That there were many who joined 
 'Commands from other counties in small squads and singly, cannot be doubted; 
 but on the rolls their identity is lost, and it is greatly to be regretted their 
 names cannot be properly placed on the roll of the immortals. 
 
 There were men who enacted a conspicuous part in the Eevolution outside 
 of the line of military duty. For instance, in the Provincial Conference, 1776, 
 the Province of Pennsylvania sent a full delegation, which met in Carpenter's 
 Hall, in the city of Philadelphia. The delegates from Franklin were McLene, 
 Allison, Maclay, Calhoun and Creigh. 
 
 Here and there, through all the annals of the Eevolution, is to be found a 
 hero, who was a native of what is now Franklin County. Of these Col. James 
 Smith, a native of Peters Township, has left an illustrious record. As early 
 as 1755, while engaged in opening a road from Fort Loudoun to Bedford, he 
 was captured by the Indians. He was adopted in the Conewago tribe and re- 
 mained with them until 1759, when he escaped to Montreal, and reached his 
 home in 1760. In 1763 he was actively engaged against the Indians, as 
 captain of a company of rangers. He then became an ensign in the English 
 provincial army. In 1764 he served under Gen. John Armstrong, and was a 
 lieutenant in Bouquet's expedition against the savages. In 1765 he was the 
 leader of a band of settlers, who attacked the Indians, drove them off and burned 
 
186 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 the goods of some Indian traders, because they were selling, to the savages, 
 powder and lead. Some of Col. Smith's neighbors, who had nothing to do 
 with this burning, were arrested by British oflScers and locked up in Fort 
 Loudoun. Smith and his sturdy and fearless gang went to the rescue of their 
 neighbors, captured the fort, released their friends and took more English sol- 
 diers prisoners than Smith's command numbered. Afterward more of Smith's 
 neighbors were arrested for the burning of the Indian traders' goods, and this 
 time confined in Fort Bedford. Again, Smith rallied his neighbors, assaulted 
 the fort, captured the garrison and liberated the prisoners. Some time after. 
 Smith was arrested for this. In making the arrest a struggle ensued and 
 Smith's companion was killed. He was then charged with the killing and 
 thrown in prison. A body of 600 of his neighbors gathered and marched 
 to Carlisle and demanded his release. He made an address to his fi-iends, 
 refused to be released, and counseled them to peacefully go home. He was 
 kept in prison four months, tried and acquitted. At once he was elected 
 commissioner of Bedford County. He then removed to Westmoreland, 
 and there was elected to the same office. In 1774, he was again a captain of 
 rangers in the field, serving against the Indians. In 1776, he, in command of 
 a company of rangers serving in the Eevolutionary war, and with thirty-six men, 
 defeated 200 Hessians, taking the most of them prisoners. Then for two years 
 he was in civil offices. In 1777 Gen. Washington offered him a major's commis- 
 sion, but not liking the colonel of the regiment, he declined to accept it. He 
 asked and was given permission to raise a battalion of rifle rangers to serve 
 against the British in New Jersey. His major was James McCammont, a 
 Franklin County man. When Col. Smith was disabled by disease, McCammont 
 became commanding colonel. Col. James McCalmont (originally spelled 
 McCammont), was born in Letterkenny Township, in 1739 — a typical fron- 
 tiersman, wonderfully made for the troublous time ii which he was born. He 
 was a brave man and an ardent patriot. His services to his country, in the Eevo- 
 lution, were invaluable. When the British occupied Philadelphia he was com- 
 manding a troop of rangers, and assigned to the duty of preventing the Tories 
 of the interior from furnishing the enemy with supplies. While on this 
 duty he captured a lot of Hessians in New Jersey; he not only made prisoners 
 of them, but induced them to become settlers near Strasburg, where may be 
 found their descendants to this day. He served as major in the Sixth Battalion 
 of the Cumberland County troops imder command of Col. Samuel Culbert- 
 son, another native of Franklin County, and an eminent Eevolutionary soldier 
 and patriot. After the war he was for many succeeding terms elected to the 
 House of Eepresentatives ; in 1789, appointed judge, which position he held 
 until his death, July 19, 1809. 
 
 Capt. Samuel Brady, already celebrated before the Eevolution as an In- 
 dian scout, was, of course, the fii'st to respond to his country's call to fight 
 for liberty. He was under command of Col. Hand, at Princeton, and 
 at the massacre of Paoli he barely escaped. He was promoted for bravery 
 after the battle of Monmouth, and then was ordered to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg), 
 to join Gen. Broadhead, with whom he soon became a great favorite, and was 
 almost constantly employed as a scout. His father and brother had been mas- 
 sacred in 1778-79 by the Indians, and he never failed to wreak vengeance upon 
 the savages at every opportunity. His name was a terror to the Indians. 
 He died in West Liberty, Va. , in 1800. 
 
 Col. Joseph Armstrong was one of the early settlers in Hamilton Town- 
 ship. He was a brave and fearless Indian fighter, commanding a company of 
 rangers in 1755. After much service in the Indian wars, in 1776 he raised a 
 
^Ct^4yt.£9'^c^> ^/^^cj55i'?«^?i/!K?zc/ 
 
HISTOBY OF FEANKLlN COUNTY. 189 
 
 battalion (the Fifth Cumberland Company), and marched to the defense of 
 Philadelphia. Among his captains were John Andrew, Samuel Patton, Johik 
 McConnell, WOliam Thompson (became brigadier-general), Charles Maclay^ 
 James MoKee, John Martin, John Rea (afterward brigadier-general), John 
 Murphy, George Mathews and John Boggs. This command had been chiefly 
 reoiMited from Lurgan, Letterkenny and Hamilton Townships. They were, 
 noted for their activity, bravery and alertness in punishing the country's ene^ 
 mies, as well as their rigid faith in Presbyterianism. It is said that a majority 
 of them had been members of the old Eocky Spring Church. Capt. Charles. 
 Maclay's company, which numbered 100, was raised in Lurgan Township, andi 
 every man said to be six feet in height. This company suffered severely in the< 
 surprise of Gen. Lacy' s command at Crooked Billet, Bucks County, May 4, 
 1778. Capt. Maclay and about half his company were killed. X3r6n. Lacy, 
 in his report, says: " The wounded were treated in a manner the most brutal 
 savages could not equal ; even while living, some were thrown into buckwheat 
 straw, the straw set on fire and burned. ' ' 
 
 Li addition to these great Revolutionary heroes, there were noted: Rev- 
 John Steele and Dr. Robert Johnston, his son, John Johnston, and many others., 
 
 ONE or THE FIRST AMEEICAN CANNON. 
 
 There are conflicting accounts, in different histories, on the subject of th&> 
 making of the first cannon in this country. We are indebted for this account of 
 the making of, if not the first certainly very close to being, the first wrought iron 
 cannon in the world, to Mr. J. C. Burns, who writes from "near "Waynesboro, 
 May 3, 1886. ' ' He gives the current history of this successful effort at making 
 a wrought iron csinnon, omitting such portions of the generally published ac- 
 counts, and making such additions as his information made necessary to. 
 arriving at the truth of the matter. 'Another man in Cumberland County,, 
 about the same time, made two cannon, and one of these two was also 
 captured at Brandy wine, and, quoting from Hazard's Register, "is now in 
 the Tower of London. ' ' He then alludes to a letter written by a British sol- 
 dier soon after the battle of Brandy wine, in which the writer refers to " two 
 cannon of singular appearance and construction, captured ' ' from the Amer- 
 icans. Evidently one of these cannon was the one of the two made by the 
 Cumberland County man, and the other, the one made by Mr. Bourns. Ins 
 further explanation, it may be stated, that John Bourns was the grandfather 
 of J. C. Burns, whose account of the cannon is given, as taken from ' ' McCan- 
 ley's Historical Sketch of Franklin Cotinty," with Mr. Burns' corrections-: 
 
 "A century ago near the banks of the Antietam, three miles east of 
 Waynesboro, Perm., stood a blacksmith, shop. Here, in 1775, worked Johns. 
 Bourns, at his trade of sickle making. The war alarum rang over the coantryv 
 and to John Bourns it brought the tidings that he, too, must do his share to- 
 free his fair land from the tyrant's yoke. He determined to try his skill on a 
 wrought iron cannon. An extra pair of bellows was set up, and his brother — 
 James Bourns — together with some neighbors, being called -upon to give all: 
 necessary aid in keeping up a continuous hot fire for the purpose of welding, 
 the work was begun. A core of iron was first prepared, and bars of iron were- 
 welded together one by one longitudinally around this core. The. 
 welding having been accomplished successfully, and the core withdrawn,, 
 the bore was brought to as perfect a degree of smoothness and circularity as 
 was possible with the tools accessible. It is likely this was one of the first, 
 successful attempts ever made to manufacture a wrought iron cannon. 
 
 "This small cannon was taken to the army, and doubtless gave no uncertaia 
 
190 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 voice in freedom's favor. On the 11th of September, 1777, the battle of 
 Brandywine was fought, and this cannon was captured and taken to 
 England. 
 
 ' ' John Bourns was drafted into the army previously to the battle of Brandy- 
 wine, was in the battle himself, and no doubt regretted the loss of his pet 
 when he learned that it had fallen into the hands of the enemy. On account 
 of his superior skill as a smith, he was detached from active service and de- 
 tailed to repair gunlocks and make bayonets for the use of the army. 
 
 "John Bourns was the father of the late Gen. James Burns, of Waynes- 
 boro, and he and William Bums — his brother— frequently related the story, 
 heretofore given, to different persons. Eeaders will notice the change in the 
 orthography of the names of the father and son. ' ' 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 WHISKY WAK. 
 
 Eleven Years or Peace— Causes of the Whisky Insuerection— Its Pros- 
 ecution AND Its Subversion— Sympathy of the Militia, etc. 
 
 FOR eleven long years after the close of the Revolution, or tmtil 1794, the 
 country was at peace, save a few unimportant Indian troubles, and as 
 there was no one else to fight convenient to hand, some of the people of Fay- 
 ette, Allegheny, Westmoreland and Washington Counties, of this State, con- 
 cluded to get up an insurrection. Open rebellion was, therefore, proclaimed 
 against the Government because of the excise tax on whisky. It was not the 
 amount of tax on the whisky, but the principle and the Government' g selection 
 of that favored product of the land that fired the warlike souls of these good 
 people. It was not any especial love of the ' ' craythur " as an article of regu- 
 lar diet that caused these threatenings of internal war, but the fact that at that 
 time pack-horses were the only mode of transportation, and the raw products 
 of the farms could not be carried to the distant markets, except when reduced 
 by distillation into whisky, the people felt that the excise tax was a blow at 
 their industry that free men should not in any way tolerate. Hence, near- 
 ly every farmer had his still — often this was put up before he was able to 
 erect his barn. Whisky was made everywhere, and, in a moderate degree, 
 used in nearly every family. The evidence of the public sense on this subject 
 of the use of intoxicants is furnished in a church trial. A preacher was tried 
 for drunkenness; the proof was strong and clear; but the sessions let him o£P 
 with a gentle reprimand, and returned him to his desk. The next year the 
 same man was put upon trial for whistling on Sunday — conduct "unbecoming 
 a minister, and showing a vacuity of mind. ' ' The sessions convicted, deposed 
 him, and sent him from his church in disgrace. The wits of the day said he 
 might "whistle for his back pay." 
 
 The spirit of insurrection was not wholly confined to the western part of 
 the State — there were many warm sympathizers east of the mountains. Gen. 
 James Chambers, in a letter to A. J. Dallas, from Loudon Forge, September 
 22, 1794, says: " On the 16th inst. I arrived in Chambersburg, and to my great 
 astonishment I found the Rabble had raised what they Called a Liberty pole. 
 
HISTORY OF S-EANKLIN COUNTY. 191 
 
 Some of the most active of the inhabitants were at that time absent, and, upon 
 the whole, perhaps it was best, as matters has Since taken a violent change. 
 When I came here I found the magistrates had opposed the sitting of the pole 
 up, to the utmost of their power, but was not supported by the majority of the 
 Cittyzens. They wished to have the Royators Subject to the Law, and (Mr. 
 Justice John Riddle, John Scott and Christian Oyster) the magistrates of this 
 place, informed of their zealous wish to have them brought to justice, I ad- 
 vised them to call a meeting of the inhabitants of the town on the next morn- 
 ing, and we would have the matter opened to them and Show the necessity of 
 Soporting Government, Cdntrassed with the destruction of one of the best gov- 
 ernments in the world. " 
 
 The meeting was duly convened in the " Coorthouse, " and John Riddle 
 made a '' very animating address " to the people. Resolutions were drawn 
 pledging them to support the justices in their efforts to bring the " Royaters 
 to Tryal." Gen. Chambers then further writes to the governor: "I am now 
 happy to have in my power to request you, Sir, to inform his Excellency, the 
 Governour, that these exertions has worked the desired change. The magis- 
 trates has sent for the men, the very same that erected the pole, and I had the 
 pleasure of seeing them, on Saturday Evening, Cut it down; and with the 
 same wagon that brought it into town they were oblidgeed to draw the remains 
 of it out of town again. The Circumstance was mortifying, and they behaved 
 very well. They seem very penetent, and no person offered them any insult. 
 It has worked such a change, I believe we will be able Shortly to Send our 
 Quota to Carlisle. " This letter shows the temper of the people very plainly. 
 It was only the great influence and firm stand by such men as Gen. Cham- 
 bers that prevented the spirit of insurrection from becoming general all over 
 the State. The people were very loth to respond to President Washington's 
 call for troops to quell the turbulent elements of society. Secretary Dallas, 
 September 10, 1794, says: "According to the information I have from several 
 parts of the country, it appears that the militia are unwilling to march to quell 
 the insurrection. They say that they are ready to march against a foreign 
 enemy, but not against the citizens of their own State." 
 
 August 7, 1794, President Washington called for 12,950 troops, from Vir- 
 ginia, Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The New Jersey and Penn- 
 sylvania troops assembled at Carlisle. Gov. Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, and 
 Gov. Richard Howell, of New Jersey, commanded the respective troops of 
 their State. The quota of this State was 5, 196 men. The quota of Frank- 
 lin County was 281 men. It was difficult to fill these quotas, but this 
 county recruited its number and sent them to Carlisle. There they were 
 met by President Washington,* and the army reviewed by him. The Penn- 
 sylvania troops were in one division, under command of Maj. -Gen. William 
 Irvine. It was divided into three brigades: the first commanded by Gen. 
 Thomas Proctor, the second by Brig. -Gen. Francis Murray, the third by Brig. - 
 Gen. James Chambers. In Chambers' brigade were the. men from Franklin 
 County. The troops passed through this county, by way of Strasburg, and 
 crossed the mountains, passed through Fort Lyttleton, and reached Pittsburgh 
 in November. This display of force by the Government ended the cruel war, 
 and in ten days after their arrival in Pittsburgh, they started on their return 
 home. They came by way of Greensburg, Ligonier. Bedford, Sideling Hill, 
 Fort Lyttleton, Strasburg and Shippensburg, to Carlisle, where they were 
 disbanded. Their entire term of service was about one month. 
 
 •In his route to the western part of the State, Washington tarried over nieht, seme say over Sunday, in 
 Chambersburg, October 11, 1794, stopping with William Morrow in a stone hotefon South Main Street. Pass- 
 ing through Greencastle he was the guest of Dr. Robert Johnston. 
 
192 HISTOBT OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 FEANKLIN COUNTY ORGANIZED. 
 
 Date ot Erection— Petitions in Favok of and in Opposition to thb 
 Pkoject — Fight Over the County Seat — The First Court-House ani> 
 First Jail— Eablt County Officers- Estimate of Population— First 
 General Election— Officials, etc. 
 
 THE act of the Assembly creating Franklin County, was passed Septem- 
 ber 9, 1784. The county of Cumberland, the sixth formed in the prov- 
 ince of Pennsylvania, was erected in 1750. It embraced ' all and singu- 
 lar the lands lying within the said Province to the westward of Susquehanna, 
 and northward and westward of the county of York" (organized the year pre- 
 vious). It was ' 'bounded northward and westward with the line of the Prov- 
 ince." From this vast area and ample limits were subsequently constructed 
 Bedford in 1771 ; a portion of Northumberland in 1772; Westmoreland' from 
 Bedford in 1773; Washington in 1781, and Fayette in 1783 from Westmore- 
 land. Originally comprising two-thirds of the area of Pennsylvania, the 
 county of Cumberland is well deserving the name " Old Mother Cumberland. ' ' 
 We first hear of efforts for the formation of the county of Franklin during 
 the closing years of the struggle for independence in petitions therefor in 1780; 
 but remonstrances were poured in upon the Assembly to postpone the subject 
 until the Eevolutionary war was over. No sooner was the prospect of peace 
 heightened than renewed efforts were made by the inhabitants of the western 
 parts of the county of Cumberland for a division, representing "the incon- 
 veniences and hardships which they suffer by the large extent of the said coun- 
 ty * * * * tijg great distance at which the said petitioners dwell from 
 the town of Carlisle, where the courts of justice and the public offices of the 
 same county are held and kept." On the 25th of March, 1782, the petitions 
 therefor were ordered by the General Assembly to be referred to Moses Mac- 
 lean, Mr. Agnew and Mi. Maclay, with directions to bring in a bill. A bill 
 was subsequently reported and passed second reading, but the inhabitants of 
 " New Town " Township petitioning to have Shippensburg included in the new 
 county, while the inhabitants of Lurgan Township remonstrated forcibly against 
 a division — ^the whole subject was dropped until the following Assembly. The 
 next Assembly were not favorable to the new county project, and the matter 
 was referred by them to their successors. The new Assembly had scarcely or- 
 ganized when a petition was received from John Clark for the appointment of 
 register for the probate of wills for the new county to be erected out of Cum- 
 berland. This was Col. John Clark, of the town of York, a brave officer of 
 the Revolution. His application was premature. Numerous petitions for the 
 division of the county of Cumberland poured in upon the, legislative body, 
 with not a few remonstrances against the same. The latter were chiefly from 
 Shippensburg and Lurgan Township, a portion of whose inhabitants preferred, 
 since the former place was not considered eligible for the county seat, to re- 
 main with the old county. On the 16th of March, 1784, the committee to 
 whom the petitions and remonstrances were referred reported the following: 
 
HISTORY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 193 
 
 Resolved, That a new county be granted and laid out, to bSgin on the York County 
 line on the South Mountain; thence by a square line to be run from the said beginning to 
 the North or Blue Ridge, leaving Shippensburg to the east af said line; thence from the 
 summit of the said North Mountain by the ridges dividing the waters of Shearman's Val- 
 ley from the waters of the Path Valley, to the Gap, near the heads of the said Path Val- 
 ley joining Bedford County; thence by the Bedford County line to the Maryland line; 
 thence by said line to the line of Yprk County; thence by said county line to the place of 
 beginning; to be called county; and that the said new county town shall be estab- 
 lished bylaw, at the well-known place called Chambers Town, and not elsewhere; and 
 that a committee be appointed to bring in a bill accordingly. 
 
 On the 18th of March the resolution was read the second time, and Messrs. 
 Bush, Coleman and McPherson were appointed a committee to bring in a bill. 
 As yet it will be seen no name was mentioned in connection with the new 
 county project. The committee appointed were Jacob Eush, of Philadelphia, 
 subsequently president judge of the courts of that city; Eobert Coleman, of 
 Lancaster, the great iron master, and the head of that family so intimately 
 connected with the iron trade of Pennsylvania, and Col. Eobert McPherson, of 
 York County, a brave soldier of the Eevolution, and the grandfather of Hon. 
 Edward McPherson, of Gettysburg; a remarkable committee — gentlemen of 
 culture, and eminent in public affairs. To them must the credit be given of 
 naming the county Franklin for that patriot, sage and philosopher, whose rep- 
 utation was even then world-wide. It was a deserving honor, and the first in 
 successive ones which, next to the immortal "Washington, has given name to more 
 towns and cormties than any other in the American Union. 
 
 On the 25th of March the bill was reported and read the first time. Four 
 days after, it was read the second time and ordered to be printed. Then fol- 
 lowed a flood of petitions, for and against not only the division of the county, 
 but the location of the county seat. For the latter, Greencastle and Ship- 
 pensburg were anxious to be selected, although the latter was unwilling to be 
 included within the limits of the new county unless it was thus honored. 
 Greencastle contended that it was equally as central as Chambers' Town, and 
 much better situated with reference to the back counties and to Maryland. 
 
 On the 25th of August, the Assembly took up the bill and debated it at 
 length, which was continued on the 30th. On the 6th of September a clSuse 
 was adopted to the effect ' ' that the inhabitants of the new county of Franklin 
 should have their full proportion or share of what moneys were raised for Cum- 
 berland County uses, after all just demands against said county of Cumberland, 
 before passing this act, are paid." 
 
 On the 9th of September, 1784, the bill "was enacted, and signed by the 
 speaker," and thus was erected the county of Franklin with Chambers' Town 
 as the seat of justice, ' ' and not elsewhere. ' ' 
 
 The actjve parties in petitioning the Assembly for the new county and to fix 
 the northern boundary line at Big Spring (now Newville), so as to include all of 
 Hopewell Township in the county to be formed, were John Eannells, John John- 
 son, James McCammont, John Scott, Dr. George Clingin, Samuel Eoyer, Pat 
 Campbell, Patrick Vance, Nat McDowell, Richard Brownson, George Math- 
 ews, Oliver Brown, James Campbell, Thomas Campbell, John Colhoun, John 
 Holliday, John Crawford, Josiah Crawford, Edward Crawford, John Boggs, 
 Jeremiah Talbot, William Eannells, Joseph Armstrong, James Brotherton, 
 Benjamin Chambers, Benjamin Chambers, Jr., Joseph Chambers, James 
 Chambers, William Chambers and others. 
 
 During the progress of the struggle to strike off the new county, some of 
 the people of Lurgan Township opposed the measure in toto " because the mi- 
 litia battalion, and the religious societies to which they belonged, would be divid- 
 ed and throvm into different counties, and the social intercourse requisite 
 
194 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 in these respects would be greatly obstructed," not to mention the burdens that 
 would come of having to erect a new court-house, etc. They therefore 
 prayed to be left quietly in Cumberland County. The people of Greencastle 
 wanted their town to be the county seat, but Chambers' Town prevailed, and 
 soon all was well, and the new county was thus started upon her long career 
 of prosperity and glory. 
 
 The act of the Assembly, organizing the county, appointed James Maxwell, 
 James McCammont, Josiah Crawford, David Stoner and John Johnston trus- 
 tees, to procure ground for county buildings. The act also provided for the 
 county commissioners to pay over to the trustees |3, 200, to be expended in 
 erecting a court house and jail. 
 
 September 28, 1774, Col. Benjamin Chambers, by deed, for the nominal 
 consideration of $26.66§, conveyed to the county the parcel of ground on 
 which the court-house stands, " to be used as a site for a court-house and pub- 
 lic buildings and no other, ' ' and in the same deed conveyed to the county the 
 lot on the north side of East Market Street, opposite the " Washington House," 
 for a jail. 
 
 The trustees contracted with Capt. Benjamin Chambers to build the court- 
 house, and with David and Joshua Eiddle to build the jail. The cost of the 
 court house, which was not entirely finished until 1794, was $4, 100. The 
 work on the jail progressed even more slowly, it not being completed until 1797. 
 
 The old court-house was of brick, two stories high, and about fifty feet 
 square. It stood immediately west of the present building, its eastern wall being- 
 about four or five feet distant from the western end of the present court house,, 
 and it was occupied by the courts and public offices whilst the new building 
 was being erected. It was then torn down and the portico and steps of the 
 present building were put up on a part of its site. It was well and substan- 
 tially built, presented a rather pleasing appearance, and was fully sufficient 
 for those early times. The main front faced Market Street, and there was a 
 heavy cornice all around the building. There were a cupola and bell on the 
 building. The spire was surmounted by an iron rod witii a large copper ball 
 on it' next the top of the spire; then above that a rooster, and above the latter a 
 smaller ball. The main entrance was on the southern front, but it was not 
 used for many years. A door in the western end, near the southern corner, was 
 the usual place of entrance. Opposite this last door was another door in the 
 eastern end, opening into the yard. The court hall occupied all the lower 
 floor. Along its southern side was a tier of seats for spectators, some three 
 or four in number, rising high up on the wall. These were put in after the 
 building was completed, and they crossed over and closed up the main door in 
 the south side of the room. Between these seats and the bar (which occupied 
 nearly one half of the floor) there was a space of about ten feet in width, paved 
 with red brick. The bar was raised some two or three feet above this pave- 
 ment, and the judge' s seat, which was on the north side of the room, was 
 some two or three steps above the bar. The traverse jury box was on the east 
 side of the bar, and the grand jury box on the west side, adjoining the stairs 
 leading to the second story, in which there was a grand jury room and two 
 traverse jury rooms. The floor of the court-room was paved with brick. It 
 was warmed by two ten-plate stoves, into which full length cordwood could be 
 put. In one corner stood an old hydrant, the solitary visible memorial of the 
 old water- works. 
 
 The old court-house was torn down in 1842, and a new one erected at a cost 
 of $45,545. The contractors were Philip Miterhouse, carpenter, and Silas 
 Havy, mason. This building was totally destroyed by the rebels in 1864, 
 
HISTOEY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 195 
 
 and the next year the work on the new and present elegant building was com- 
 menced. It was completed at a cost of $52,683.25. 
 
 The old jail was of stone, two stories high, about 40x60 feet in size, and 
 stood on the northeast corner of Second and Market Streets, where Judge 
 Eowe's residence now stands. It was often crowded with poor debtors in those 
 early days, men who were so unfortunate as to be in debt and had neither goods 
 nor money with which to pay their liabilities. To honest men it was a fearful 
 place; but rogues laughed at its nail-studded doors, iron bars, and thick but 
 poorly-constructed walls. Between the date of the formation of the county, 
 in 1784, and the completion of the old stone jail, in 1798, persons charged 
 with the commission of grave offenses were kept in the jail at .Carlisle. The 
 county accounts for those years contained many items for the expenses of tak- 
 ing prisoners to Carlisle, keeping them there and bringing them here for trial. 
 Persons charged with offenses of a minor grade were kept in a temporary prison, 
 and there are also numerous charges for " repairs ' ' to that prison — for ' ' iron 
 for bars, ' ' for ' ' leg bolts, manacles, etc. ' ' and for the pay of those who acted 
 as " guards ' ' at the prison. Tradition says that this prison wa,s an old log house 
 on the lot now the property of Levi D. Hummelsine, on the west side of South 
 Main Street. That it was some such insecure place is evidenced by the ex- 
 penditures made upon it above referred to, and also from the fact that, in 1785, 
 the commissioners of the county paid Samuel McClelland £2 5s. 6d. for "un- 
 derpinning the prison. " There were no brick buildings here in 1785, and only 
 three stone ones, viz.: Chambers' Fort, John Jack's tavern and Nicholas Sni- 
 der' s blacksmith shop. All the rest were of logs, small and inconvenient, and 
 it must have been one of the worst of these that was used as a prison, as only 
 such a one could have needed " underpinning, ' ' and require bars, leg bolts, 
 manacles and guards to keep its inmates safely. The first jailor was Owen 
 Aston, who lived in a small house east of the prison. In 1818 the New jail 
 was erected to supply a long- felt want. This is the present jail building. 
 
 County Officers. — From 1784 to 1809 Edwajrd Crawford was, by appoint- 
 ment, prothonotary, register, recorder and clerk of the court. He had erected 
 a building for an office on East Market Street — the site now occupied by the 
 law office of Kennedy & Stewart. The old county offices were not completed 
 until October, 1806. This building stood about twenty feet east of the old 
 court-house, facing Market Street; cost, $2,500. It was of brick, two stories, 
 40x25 feet. The prothonotary' s and clerk's offices were in the west end, the 
 register's and recorder's in the east end, a division hall in the center. In the 
 rear of each office was a narrow vault for the records. On the second' story 
 were the offices of the county commissioners, county treasurer, deputy sur- 
 veyor, etc. This building was torn down when the new court-house was com- 
 menced, in 1842. 
 
 The act erecting the county provided that the court of common pleas and 
 quarter sessions should be held four times a year, and that the quartfer sessions 
 should sit "three days each term, and no more." Edward Crawford was in 
 Philadelphia when the act was passed creating the county, and was the same 
 day appointed and sworn in as prothonotary, etc. 
 
 The following papers are the first of their kind found in the records of 
 Franklin County after its erection, September 9, 1784. The books from which 
 they were taken were opened by the skilled and long-continued officer whose 
 modest preface to Deed- book A was as follows: "Franklin County erected by 
 Act of Assembly passed 9th September, 1784, and this Eecord Book A begun 
 in pursuance thi veof. 
 
 Edw. Ceawfokd." 
 
196 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 PIKST DEED RECORDED. 
 
 1. Date of instrument: April 18, 1783. 
 
 2. Parties: Robt. Dixson, Hamilton Township, Camberland Co., Pa., to William 
 Dixson, his son, same twp. 
 
 3. Property: 376 acres and 64 perches, and usual allowances in Hamilton Township. 
 4- Consideration £15 specie, as well as natural love and aflEection. 
 
 5. Witnesses: Robert Boyd and John Dickson. 
 
 6. Acknowledged before Jno. Rannells, Justice of Cumberland Co. 
 
 7. Recorded 13 day of December, 1784. 
 
 FIRST MORTGAGE RECORDED. 
 
 1. Date: April 20, 1784. 
 
 2. Parties: Jacob Ziegler Carpenter, of Guilford Township, Cumberland Co., to 
 Jabob Schmiesser and Peter Menges, of York County. 
 
 3. Property: Lot 346 and buildings thereon, in town of Chambersburg. 
 
 4. Consideration: £17, 7s. lOu. 
 
 5. Witnesses : | George^PMlfp'Ziegler. 
 €. Recorfled Oct. 11, 1784. 
 
 FIRST RECORDED WILL. 
 
 In tfte ^ame of (S>0&, JuntetX.— I Hanse Michael Millar of Antrim 
 Township County of Franklin and State of Pennsylvania heing weak in body but 
 x)f sound Memory (Blessed be God) do make and Publish this my last Will and Testa- 
 ment in Manner following that is to say, all my Just Debt & Funeral Expenses, be 
 paid by my Executors hereafter mentioned. First I give- and Bequeath unto my Be- 
 loved Wife Elizabeth the sum of two hundred Pounds of good and lawfuU money of 
 Pennsylvania specie all my household Furniture one Bay Mare and twq Cows which she 
 shall Choose. In case my wife Elizabeth should marry the above sum of Two hundred 
 pounds to be Equally Divided among my sons and daughters. . Secondly I give and Be- 
 queath to my son Daniel that Plantation he lives on lying and Being in Frederick County 
 Maryland Two hundred and thirteen acres to him his Heirs and assigns forever, he jiaying 
 ■the sum of four Hundred Pounds good and lawfuU money of Pennsylvania specie in five 
 years after my Decease to my executors. Thirdly I give and Bequeath unto my daugh- 
 ■ter Rebecca Rence Two hundred Pounds good and lawful money of Pennsylvania specie 
 ■to be paid in one year after my Decease. Fourthly I give and Bequeath unto my Daughter 
 Hannah Cigar the one-half of the Plantation she now lives on it being upon Kew Creek 
 ■which emptys into the North Branch of Potomack in Virginia under the AUygany Moun- 
 itains in Hampshire County. Fifthly I give and Bequeath unto Christian Baker The sum 
 of forty Pounds in one year after my Decease, and also one Hundred and Sixty Pounds 
 specie which Peter Baker stands due to me at this time. Sixthly I give and Bequeath 
 unto my Daughter Maryann Stoner the sum of two Hundred and Ten pounds lawful 
 money of Pennsylvania specie in one year after my Decease. Seventhly I give and 
 Bequeath unto my Daughter Susanna Stover the sum of two Hundred and Ten Pounds 
 
 food and lawfuU money of Pennsylvania specie to be paid in one year after my decease, 
 lighthly I give and Bequeath unto my son John the Farm and Plantation it being in 
 Antrim Township Franklin County, which I now live on. Also a Negro Boy named 
 'Charles one sorrell mare and Colt and all my farming utensils. Ninthly I give and 
 Bequeath unto my son Michael the one-half of the Plantation that John Cigar lives on 
 to him and his heirs and assigns, to be divided equally between my Daughter Hannah 
 Cigar and my son Michael at the Discretion of my executors. All my movable stock 
 that is not Bequeathed I give unto my son John, also any sum or sums of Money 
 that should remain as over-plush after the Discharging of the Bequeathments to be 
 equally divided amongst my sons and Daughters. My son John and my son in law 
 Abraham Stofler to be my whole and sole executors of my last Will and Testament, in 
 Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty-eighth Day of Sep- 
 tember, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four 1784. 
 
 Signed Sealed in the Presence of his 
 
 Elias Davison Hans Michael X Millar 
 
 mark 
 her 
 Henry Pawling Elizabeth x Millar 
 
 mark 
 
 Edward Crawford was also commissioned justice of the county, Septem- 
 ber 15, 1784. Six days after the county was formed, the first county court 
 couTened, the justices being Humphrey FuUerton and Thomas Johnston, for 
 
4^i££c^a^n^ 0V>^ 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 199 
 
 Antrim Township, and James Finley, of Letterkenny Township — all of them 
 formerly justices of Cumberland County. There were no jurors summoned to 
 this first court, no causes for trial, and the strong inference is, no lawyers were 
 present, except John Clark, of the York bar, who appeared to plead guilty to 
 the crime of matrimony, and by the court was married to Miss Bittinger, 
 daughter of Nicholas Bittinger, of Mont Alto Furnace. He appeared in 
 court, and upon his own request was admitted to the bar, the first attorney 
 80 admitted in the county. 
 
 The second session of the county court convened Thursday, December 2, 
 1784, in the second story of John Jack's stone tavern, which stood where 
 Miller' s drug store now is. This building was burnt in 1864. The judges pres- 
 ent were William McDowell, of Peters ; Humphrey FuUerton, of Antrim ; James 
 rinley, of Letterkenny. Crawford was clerk. Talbot was sheriff. The grand 
 jurors were James Poe, Henry Pawling, "William Allison, William McDowell, 
 Eobert Wilkins, John McConnell, John McCarney, John Ray, John Jack, Jr., 
 John Dickson, D. McClintock, Joseph Chambers and Joseph Long. 
 
 The courts were held up stairs, and tradition says the crowd was so great 
 as to strain the joists of the floor, causing great alarm to the court and bar, 
 and others in the house. That the courts were held in John Jack' s house for 
 several years, while the court-house was being built, and up until 1789, inclu- 
 sive, is conclusively shown by the following extracts from the county expendi- 
 tures, found in the annual accounts of the commissioners for the years named, 
 viz: 
 
 1785 — By an order to John Jack for the use of his house to 
 
 hold courts in.etc £13 7s. 6d. 
 
 1789 — By a draw given to Margaret Jack (John's widow), for 
 
 the use of house to hold courts in £9 
 
 1790 — Order to Mrs. Jack for fire wood and candles for the 
 
 court £4 4s. 5d. 
 
 A change was then made, for in — 
 1790 — An order was issued to Walter Beatty for preparing a 
 
 place for court £15 6s. 
 
 This place was no doubt some temporary selection. Walter Beatty was the 
 sub-contractor, under Benjamin Chambers, for the building of the court-house. 
 The court-house and the' old stone jail were then being built. The latter must 
 have been gotten under roof at least in 1791, for that year the commissioners 
 paid Walter Beatty "for preparing for the court to sit in the prison, £15 19s." 
 In 1793 the commissioners, by order of the court, paid to Walter Beatty, £10 
 10s. " for detaining his hands from work on the court-house. " The judges 
 took possession and occupied the court-house for county purposes before it 
 was finished, and ordered Mr. Beatty to be paid for the lost time of his hands, 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 County courts, as thus constituted, continued to administer justice until the 
 adoption of the constitution of 1790. That instrument went into force, for 
 most purposes, on the 2d of September, 1790, but the third section of the 
 schedule to it extended the commissions of the justices of the peace and judges 
 then in office until the first day of September, 1791. 
 
 JUSTICES WHO WERE JUDGES. 
 
 The following list gives the names of the justices of the peace who were 
 judges of the county courts for this county, from the 9th of September, 1784, 
 to the 2d of September, 1791, with the townships they were appointed from 
 and the dates of their respective commissions, which ran for seven years: 
 
 n 
 
200 
 
 HISTOET OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Peters November 13, 1778. 
 
 Antrim April 18, 1783. 
 
 Antrim April 18, 1782. 
 
 Letterkenny March 1, 1783. 
 
 Chambersburg September 11, 1784. 
 
 Peters September 17, 1784. 
 
 Hamilton February 4, 1785. 
 
 Guilford March 1. 1785. 
 
 Fannett October 31, 1785. 
 
 Lurgan November 3, 1783. 
 
 Peters March 15, 1786. 
 
 Washington March 37, 1786. 
 
 Chambersburg August 4, 1786. 
 
 Chambersburg August 4, 1786. 
 
 Montgomery August 26, 1786. 
 
 John Harring Southampton November 1, 1786. 
 
 John Andrew Guilford April 16, 1787. 
 
 John Martin Chambersburg December 8, 1787. 
 
 James Maxwell Montgomery September 17, 1788. 
 
 William Henderson .Greencastle September 35, 1788. 
 
 James M'Calmont Letterkenny September 23, 1789. 
 
 Christian Oyster Chambersburg July 16, 1790. 
 
 Thomas Johnston Antrim September 29, 1790. 
 
 The population in the new county can only be arrived at approximately. In 
 1786 the records show there were taxables in the county 2,291, divided among 
 the townships as follows: 
 
 William McDowell. . . 
 Humphrey FuUerton. 
 
 Thomas Johnston 
 
 James Finley 
 
 Edward Crawford, Jr 
 
 James Chambers 
 
 George Matthews 
 
 John Kannels 
 
 Noah Abraham 
 
 John McClay 
 
 Richard Bard 
 
 Samuel Royer 
 
 John Scott 
 
 John Boggs 
 
 James Maxwell* 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Antrim 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Fannett 
 
 Guilford 
 
 Hamilton. . . . 
 Letterkenny. 
 
 Lurgan 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Peters 
 
 Southampton 
 Washington.. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 Free- 
 holders. 
 
 195 
 
 99 
 
 119 
 
 102 
 
 145 
 
 159 
 
 57 
 
 136 
 
 108 
 
 86 
 
 151 
 
 1,357 
 
 Non-Free- 
 holders. 
 
 83 
 8 
 55 
 38 
 53 
 47 
 34 
 55 
 72 
 27 
 60 
 
 533 
 
 Freemen 
 
 53 
 54 
 34 
 30 
 39 
 39 
 31 
 39 
 37 
 27 
 49 
 
 413 
 
 Total. 
 
 331 
 
 161 
 208 
 170 
 237 
 a45 
 102 
 220 
 217 
 140 
 260 
 
 3,291 
 
 From this can be estimated the total population at about 13,000 at the time 
 the county was formed. By the census of 1790, the first taken of the county, 
 the population was 15,655; in 1800, 19,638; 1810, 23,173; 1820, 31,892; 
 1830, 35,037; 1840, 37,793; 1850, 37,956; 1860, 42,121; 1870, 45,365; 
 1880, 49,855. 
 
 The first general election in the county was held October 12, 1784, in 
 Chambersbui-g, that being the only polling place in the county. The county 
 was entitled to elect one member of the Supreme Executive Council, and three 
 representatives in the Legislature. James McLene was elected councilor, to 
 serve three years; James Johnston, Abraham Smith and James McCalmont 
 were elected representatives; Jeremiah Talbot, sheriff; John Eea, coroner; 
 James Poe, John Work, John Beard, county commissioners. As some index 
 of the number of votes the new county was able to poll, it may be stated that 
 the vote on county commissioners was as follows: James Poe, 822; John 
 Work, 421; John Beard, 339. 
 
 By act of the Assem bly, September 13, 1785, the county was divided into 
 
 'Commissioned president of the courts. 
 
HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 201 
 
 two election districts : the first district, composed of the townships of Antrim, 
 Peters, Guilford, Lurgan, Hamilton, Letterkenny, Franklin (Chamber sburg)' 
 Washington, Southampton and Montgomery, to vote at the court-house, in 
 Chambersburg; the second district was Pannett Township, to vote at the house 
 of Widow Elliott. 
 
 In 1787 the county was divided into four election districts: the First to be 
 composed of the townships of Guilford, Franklin. Hamilton, Letterkenny, 
 Lurgan and Southampton, to vote at the court-house, in Chambersburg; the 
 Second District, Fannett Township, to vote at Widow Elliott's; the Third Dis- 
 trict, composed of Antrim and Washington Townships, to vote at the house of 
 George Clark, in Greencastle; the Fourth District, Peters and Montgomery 
 Townships, to vote at James Crawford's, in Mercersburg. 
 
 The first tax collected in the county was for the year 1785, and by town, 
 ships is as follows: 
 
 Districta. 
 
 Collectors. 
 
 state Tax. 
 
 County Tax. 
 
 Antrim 
 
 Samuel McCullock. . 
 
 William Shanon 
 
 Nathaniel Paul 
 
 Peter Pry 
 
 £365 5s. 7d. 
 69 1 7 
 179 4 8 
 233 6 9 
 307 7 10 
 320 11 7 
 298 5 
 313 6 5 
 373 10 .1 
 262 16 11 
 
 £57 Is 4d 
 
 Franklin 
 
 11 19 11 
 
 Fannett 
 
 30 19 10 
 
 Guilford 
 
 36 8 3 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Letterkenny 
 
 William Dickson 
 
 f George Stinger 
 
 Gavin Morrow 
 
 Thomas Kennedy 
 
 Hugh McKee 
 
 Prederick Foreman. . 
 
 35 7 8 
 54 18 9 
 
 Lurgan 
 
 50 16 4 
 
 Mont£romerv 
 
 51 7 4 
 
 Peters 
 
 44 10 
 
 Washington 
 
 44 15 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 £2,510 11 10 
 
 £418 4 6 
 
 Being, for State purposes. 
 For county purposes 
 
 .$6,694 91 
 . 1,115 37 
 
 PKOTHONOTAKIES. 
 
 1784^1809— Edward Crawford, Jr. 1854-57- 
 
 1809-21— John Findlay. 1857-60- 
 
 1821-24— John Shryock. 1860-63- 
 
 1824r-30— John Hershberger. 1863-66- 
 
 1830-36— John Flanagan. 1866-69- 
 
 1836-39— Joseph Minnich. 1869-72- 
 
 1839-45— Mathias Nead. 1872-79- 
 
 1845-48— Thomas P. Bard. 1879-82- 
 
 1848-51— James Wright.. 1882-85- 
 
 1851-54r— Isaac H. McCauley. 1885 - 
 
 -Abraham K. Wier. 
 -Hiram C. Keyser. 
 -Abram C. Kaufman. 
 -K. S. Taylor. 
 -William H. McDowell. 
 -George W. Welch. 
 -John A. Hyssong. 
 -John M. McDowell, 
 -James Sweney. 
 -M. K. Brown. 
 
 REaiSTEBS AND RECOEDEBS. 
 
 1784r-1809— Edward Crawford. 
 1809-18— John Findlay. 
 
 1818-21-^Peter Spyker Dechert. 
 1821-24— Joseph Culbertson. 
 
 BEGISTEK AND EECOBDEB AND CLEEK OF OBPHANS' OOUBT. 
 
 1824^30— John Findlay, Jr. 
 
202 
 
 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 BEaiSTEKS 
 
 1830-36— Paul I. Heticli. 
 1836-39— Joseph Pritts. 
 1839-42— Henry Euby. 
 1842-45— John W. Eeges. 
 1845-48— James Watson. 
 1848-51— Benjamin Mentzer. 
 1851-54— David Oaks. 
 1854-57— George H. Merklein. 
 
 AND EECOEDEES. 
 
 1857-60— George W. Toms. 
 1860-63— Edward C. Boyd. 
 1863-69— Henry Strickler. 
 1869-72— Hiram T. Snyder. 
 1872-79— Adolphus A. Skinner. 
 1879-82— John S. Sollenberger. 
 1882-85-0. H. Fulweiler. 
 1885 —Frederick T. Snyder. 
 
 CLEEK OF THE COTJET OF QUAETER SESSIONS, OYEE AND TEEMINEE AND OEPHANs' COUET. 
 
 1784-1809— Edward Orawford. 1821-24— John Shryock. 
 
 1809-21— John Findlay. 
 
 CLEEK OF QUABTEE SESSIONS AND OYEE AND TEEMINEE. 
 
 1824-30— John Hershberger. 
 
 CLEEK OF QUAETEE SESSIONS, 
 
 1830-36— Richard Morrow. 
 1836-39— Joseph Morrow. 
 1839-45— John Wood. 
 1845-48— John M. Fisher. 
 1848-51— Josiah W. Fletcher. 
 1851-57— Henry S. Stoner. 
 1857-60— B. Y. Hamsher. 
 
 OTEE AND TEEMINEE AND ORPHANS* COUET. 
 
 1860-66— William G. Mitchell. 
 1866-69— Thaddeus M. Mahon. 
 1869-72— Bernard A. Cormany. 
 1872-75— Lewis W. Detrich. 
 1875-79—^ Eush Gillan. 
 1879-85— Van T. Haulman. 
 1885 —J. A. Benedict. 
 
 1784-87— Jeremiah Talbot. 
 1787-90— John Johnston. 
 1790-93— Henry Work. 
 1793-96— Eobert Shannon. 
 1796-99— George Hetich. 
 1799-1802— John Hetich. 
 1802-05— John Brotherton. 
 1805-08— Jacob Snider. 
 1808-11— Jacob Merkle. 
 1811-14— William Alexander. 
 1814-17 — Thomas Alexander. 
 1817-20— Jeremiah Snider. 
 1820-23— John McClay. 
 1823— David Washabaugh.* 
 1823-26— Archibald Fleming. 
 1826-29— Joseph Oulbertson. 
 1829-32— David Washabaugh. 
 1832-35— Ennion Elliott. 
 
 1784— John Eea. 
 1785 — John Johnston. 
 1786— Conrad Snider. 
 1787— Conrad Snyder. 
 1788— George Clark. 
 
 SHEEIFFS. 
 
 1835-38- 
 1838-41- 
 1841^4- 
 1844-47- 
 1847-50- 
 1850-53- 
 1853-56- 
 1856-59- 
 1859-62- 
 1862-65- 
 1865-68- 
 1868-71- 
 1871-75- 
 1875-78- 
 1878-81- 
 1881-84- 
 1884-87- 
 1887 - 
 
 -James Burns. 
 -George Hoffman. 
 -William Gilmore. 
 -Adam McKinnie. 
 -John W. Taylor. 
 -Thomas J. Earley. 
 -William Skinner. 
 -Jacob S. Brown. 
 -William McGrath. 
 -Samuel Brandt. 
 -John Doebler. 
 -J. W. Fletcher. 
 -S. F. Greenawalt. 
 -John Sweney. 
 -Michael Gable. 
 -W. 0. Skinner. 
 -Luther B. Kurtz. 
 -Jacob S. Mowery. 
 
 COEONEKS.f 
 
 1789— George Clark. 
 1790— George Clark. 
 1793— Matthew Duncan. 
 1796— Archibald Eankin. 
 1801— Archibald Eankin. 
 
 *June to November, 1823. 
 
 fYears named indicate date of appointment. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 203 
 
 1805— James Campbell. 1829— Allen K. Campbell. 
 
 1809— Andrew Eobeson. 1832— John Tritle. 
 
 1812— Robert Liggett. 1835— James McDowell. 
 
 1815— William Young. 1838— William Slyder. 
 
 1817 — Thomas McKinstry. 1841 — Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 1820— William Young. 1844— John M. McDowell. 
 
 1824 — David Washabaugh. 1849 — James Burns. 
 1827 — James Burns. 
 
 For a long period coroners refused to qualify, their work being performed 
 by justices of the peace in their several townships. No records of the cor- 
 oners therefore appear. 
 
 1864— Victor D. Miller. 1882— Geo. S. Hull. 
 
 1867— Victor D. Miller. 1885— Geo. S. Hull, present incumbent. 
 lS79-Bobt. W. Eamsey. 
 
 COUNTY TEEASUEERS. 
 
 County treasurers were appointed by the county commissioners until the 
 act of May 27, 1841, provided for their election, in October of that year, to 
 hold office for two years from the first Monday in January after their election. 
 
 The following is a list of the names of those persons who have been treas- 
 urers of this county, with their years of service : 
 1785-90— Dr. George Clingan. 1839-42— Henry Smith. 
 
 1790-93— Matthew Wilson. 1842-44— Joseph Pritts. 
 
 1793-96— John Bidt-le. 1844-46— George K. Harper. 
 
 1796-1806— Pal vick Oampbell. 1846-48— George Garlin. 
 
 1806-09— Davia Denny. 1848-50— William McLellan. 
 
 1809-12— Jacob Heyser. 1850-52— Lewis Denig.* 
 
 1812-14— Henry Reges. 1852-54— Washington Crooks. 
 
 1814-17— John Hershbergor. 1854-56— Daniel K. Wunderlich. 
 
 1817-20— Jacob Heyser. 1856-58— J. Smith Grier. 
 
 1820-23— William Heyser. 1858-60— William D. McKinstry. 
 
 1823-24— Samuel G. Calhoun. 1860-62— John Stouffer. 
 
 1824-25— Dr. John Sloan. 1862-64— George J. Balsley. 
 
 1825-27— Hugh Greenfield. 1864-66— James G. Elder. 
 
 1827— William Hamilton. 1866-68— John Hassler. 
 
 1827-30— Daniel Spangler. 1868-70— George W. Skinner. 
 
 1830-32— Joseph Pritts. 1870-72— William Eeber. 
 
 1832— Henry Smith. 1872-74— Samuel Knisley. 
 
 1833-36— Jasper E. Brady. 1874r-76— Hiram M. White. 
 
 1836-39— George Garlin, Jr. 
 
 FOR THREE YEARS UNDER NEW CONSTITUTION. 
 
 1876-79— Ellas K. Lehman. 1882-85— W. H. H. Mackey. 
 
 1879-82— John L. Grier. 1885-88— Jacob N. Flinder. 
 
 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 1785 — James Poe, John Work, John Beard. 
 
 1786 — John Work, James Poe, John Beard. 
 
 1787 — John Beard, James Poe, John Work. 
 
 1788— Robert Boyd, James McConnell, William Allison. 
 
 1789— James McConnell, William Allison, Josiah Crawford. 
 
 1790— -William Allison, Josiah Crawford, Ma tthew Wilson. 
 
 *Jeremiah Snider was elected treasurer in October, 1849, but not being able to give the bond requlreA Dy 
 law, he resigned January 7l 1850, andtheoountycommisaioners that day appointed Lewis Denig to nu tne t»- 
 cancy. 
 
204 HISTOBY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 1791 — Matthew Wilson, James Poe, Daniel Royer. 
 
 1792 — Matthew Wilson, James Poe, John Work. 
 
 1793 — James Poe, Daniel Royer, James Chambers. 
 
 1794 — Daniel Eoyer, James Chambers, George Hetich. 
 
 1795 — James Chambers, George Hetich, Henry Work. 
 
 1796— George Hetich, Henry Work, William Scott. 
 
 1797 — Henry Work, William Scott, William Allison. 
 
 1798 — William Scott, William Allison, James Irvin. 
 
 1799 — William Allison, James Irvin, John Holliday. 
 
 1800 — James Irvin, John Holliday, Nathan McDowell. 
 
 1801 — John Holliday, Robert McDowell, David Maclay. 
 
 1802 —Robert McDowell, David Maclay. 
 
 1803 — Robert McDowell, David Maclay, WiUiam Rankin. 
 
 1804 — Robert McDowell, David Maclay, Archibald Rankin, Jacob Heyser. 
 
 1805 — William McClay, Archibald Rankin, Jacob Heyser. 
 
 1806 — ^William McClay, Jacob Heyser, Patrick Campbell. 
 
 1807 — Jacob Heyser, Patrick Campbell, John Royer. 
 
 1808 — Patrick Campbell, James Smith, Jacob Dechert. 
 
 1809 — Jacob Dechert, John Rothbaust, Robert Crooks. 
 
 1810-1 1 — John Rothbaust, Robert Crooks, William Alexander. 
 
 1812-13 — David Rankin, John Cox, Ludwig Heck. 
 
 1814 — John Cox, Ludwig Heck, Isaac Eaton. 
 
 1815 — Ludwig Heck, James McDowell, John M. Maclay. 
 
 1816— James McDowell, John M. Maclay, William Bleakney. 
 
 .1817— John M. Maclay, William Bleakney, Philip Berlin. 
 
 1818 — William Bleakney, Philip Berlin, William Rippey, Jr. 
 
 1819 — Philip Berlin, William Rippey, Jr. , David Besore. 
 
 1820 — William Rippey, Jr. , David Besore, Frederick Miller. 
 
 1821 — Frederick Miller, David Besore, Andrew Thomson. 
 
 1822 — David Besore, Frederick Miller, Andrew Thomson. 
 
 1823 — Andrew Thomson, James Walker, Jacob Wunderlich. 
 
 1824 — Jacob Wunderlich, Philip Laufman, David FuUerton. 
 
 1825 — Jacob Wunderlich, Philip Laufman, Benjamin Keyser. 
 
 1826 — Philip Laufman, Benjamin Keyser, William Heyser. 
 
 1827 — William Heyser, Benjamin Keyser, John Walker. 
 
 1828 — William Heyser, John Walker, Daniel Shaffer. 
 
 1829 — John Walker, DanielShaffer, John Radebaugh. 
 
 1830 — Daniel Shaffer, John Radebaugh, John Walker. 
 
 1831 — Daniel Shaffer, John Radebaugh, Jacob Walter. 
 
 1832 — John Radebaugh, Jacob Walter, Samuel Dunn. 
 
 1833 — Samuel Dunn, Joseph Culbertson, John Cox. 
 
 1834 — Joseph Culberston, John Cox, Tobias Funk. 
 
 1835 — John Cox, Tobias Funk, George Hoffman. 
 
 1836 — Tobias Funk, George Hoffman, George Johnston. 
 
 1837 — George Hoffman, John Johnston, John Johnston (of George). 
 
 1838 — John Johnston, John Johnston (of George), George Hoffman. 
 
 1839-40— John Johnston (of George), D. Washabaugh, Emanuel Hade. 
 
 1841 — D. Washabaugh, Emanuel Hade, William Seibert. 
 
 1842 — Emanuel Hade, William Seibert, Garland Anderson. 
 
 1843 — William Seibert, G. Anderson, James Burns. 
 
 1844 — G. Anderson, James Burns, Jacob Oyster. 
 
 1845 — James Burns, Jacob Oyster, Thomas Pumroy. 
 
 .846 — Jacob Oyster, Thomas Pumroy, James Davison? 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 205 
 
 1847 — Thomas Pumroy, James Davison, George A. Madeira. 
 1848 — James Davison, George A. Madeira, Dewalt Keefer. 
 1849 — G. A. Madeira, Dewalt Keefer, John A. Shank. 
 1850— D. Keefer, John A. Shank, George S. Eyster. 
 1851 — John A. Shank, George S. Eyster, James Lowe. 
 1852 — George S. Eyster, James Lowe, John Alexander. 
 1853 — James Lowe, John Alexander, John Huber. 
 1854 — John Alexander, John Huber, Jos. Johnston. 
 1855 — John Huber, Jos. Johnston, Robert Mcllvaney. 
 1856 — Jos. Johnston, Eobert Mcllvaney, Samuel Myers. 
 1857 — Eobert Mcllvaney, Samuel Myers, D. M. Leisher. 
 1858 — Samuel Myers, D. M. Leisher, John S. Nimmon. 
 1859 — D. M. Leisher, John S. Nimmon, J. A. Eyster. 
 1860— J. S. Nimmon, J. A. Eyster, Jacob S. Good. 
 1861 — J. A. Eyster, Jacob S. Good, James D. Scott. 
 1862 — Jacob S. Good, James D. Scott, John Nitterhouse. 
 1863 — James D. Scott, John Nitterhouse, John Downey. 
 1864 — John Nitterhouse, John Downey, Henry Good. 
 1865 — John Downey, Henry Good, John Armstrong. 
 1866 — Henry Good, John Armstrong, Daniel Skinner. 
 1867 — John Armstrong, Daniel Skinner, Jonas C. Palmer. 
 1868 — Daniel Skinner, J. C. Palmer, William Shinafield. 
 1869— J. C. Pahner, William Shinafield, E. K. Lehman. 
 1870— William Shinafield, E. K. Lehman, J. B. Brumbaugh. 
 1871— E. K. Lehman, J. B. Brumbaugh, S. M. Worley. 
 1872— J. B. Brumbaugh, S. M. Worley, R. J. Boyd. 
 1873— S. M. Worley, R. J. Boyd, Jacob Kauffman. 
 1874— R. J. Boyd, Jacob Kaufifman, W. D. Guthrie. 
 1875— Jacob Kauffman, W. D. Guthrie, Samuel Coble. 
 1876-79 — Daniel Gelwix, James Patton, J. Watson Craig. 
 1879-82— Wm. S. Reed, John Kyner, Frank Creamer. 
 1882-85— Daniel Potter, Henry Omwake, Martin Miller. 
 1885-88 — Jacob Middour, Jacob S. Snively, John Waidlich. 
 
 CLEKK8 TO COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 1784^88— Unknown. 
 1788— Eobert Boyd. 
 1789-96— Unknown. 
 1796-99--James Parks. 
 1799— William Scott. 
 1800— William Orbison. 
 1801-04— William Ward, Jr. 
 1804-06— Thomas G. McCuUoh. 
 1806— J. M. Russell. 
 1807— E. B. Mendenhall. 
 1808-11— Henry Reges. 
 1811-15- William M. McDowell. 
 1815-18— Peter S. Deckhert. 
 1818-27— Daniel Spangler. 
 1827— Hiram Cox. 
 1828-36— John Colhoun. 
 1836-42— Richard Morrow. 
 1842— Henry Smith. 
 
 1843— James R. Kirby. 
 1844^46—1. H. McCauley. 
 1846-50— A. H. McCuUoh. 
 1850-53— John M. Fisher. 
 1853-56— Thomas L. Fletcher. 
 1856— Jacob Sellers. 
 1857— William Gelwicks. 
 1858— Jacob Sellers. 
 1859— Samuel Longenecker. 
 1860-71— George Foreman. 
 1871— H. C. Koontz. 
 1872— H. C. Keyser. 
 1878-75— H. S. Shade. 
 1875— H. C. Keyser. 
 1876— Thomas M. Nelson. 
 1876-77— T. M. Nelson. 
 1880— E. G. Etter. 
 1886— D. S. Hager. 
 
206 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 PARTIAL LIST OF COUNTT AUDITORS. 
 
 1785-88— Unknown. 
 
 1788 — James Johnston, Benjamin Chambers, James Irwin. 
 
 1789-93— Unknown. 
 
 1793-94 — Benjamin Chambers, James Irwin, John Eea. 
 
 1794-98— Unknown. 
 
 1798-1800 — James Kamsey, John Brown. 
 
 1800-01 — John Brown, James Buchanan. 
 
 1802 — James Buchanan, Nicholas Clopper. 
 
 1803 — Nicholas Clopper, George Hetich. 
 
 1804— George Hetich, William Scott. 
 
 1805 — Nicholas Clopper, William Scott, Robert Smith. 
 
 1806 — William Scott, Robert Smith, Thomas Brown. 
 
 1807 — Robert Smith, Thomas Brown, John Gilmor. 
 
 1808 — Thomas Brown, John Gilmor, John HoUiday. 
 
 1809 — John Gilmor, John HoUiday, David Rankin. 
 
 1810 — D. Fullerton, David Maclay, Henry Thompson. 
 
 1811 — Henry Thompson, David Fullerton, D. Maclay. 
 
 1812 — Henry Thompson, Robert Eobison, Joseph Scott. 
 
 1813 — Robert Robison, Joseph Scott. 
 
 1814— Patrick Campbell, David Eby, William Scott. 
 
 1815 — David Eby, Andrew Robison, William Alexander. 
 
 1816 — WiUiam Alexander, Sr. , Andrew Robison, John Walker. 
 
 1817 — John Walker, John Culbertson. 
 
 1818 — John Walker, John Culbertson, James McCoy. 
 
 1819 — John Culbertson, James McCoy, John Flanagan. 
 
 1820 — James McCoy, John Flanagan, Thomas McClelland. 
 
 1821 — John Flanagan, George Hetich. 
 
 1822— Thomas McClelland, George Hetich, Thomas Waddell. 
 
 1823 — George Hetich, Joseph Grubb. 
 
 1824— Thomas Waddell, Joseph Grubb, William Gamble. 
 
 1825 — Joseph Grubb, William Gamble, Thomas Carson. 
 
 1826 — William Gamble, Thomas Carson, John Walker. 
 
 1827 — Thomas Carson, John Walker, Isaac Ward. 
 
 1828— John Walker, Jacob Negley, John Findlay, Sr. 
 
 1829 — Isaac Ward, Jacob Negley, John McClintock. 
 
 1830— Jacob Negley, Archibald S. McCune. 
 
 1831— Archibald S. McCune, J. Allison. 
 
 1882 — J. Allison, James Colhoun. 
 
 1833 — Jacob Heyser, Joseph Pumroy. 
 
 1834 — Jacob Heyser, Joseph Pumroy, John McClintock. 
 
 1835 — Joseph Pumroy, John McClintock, John Witherow. 
 
 1836 — John McClintock, John Witherow, Jacob Negley. 
 
 1837 — John Witherow, Jacob Negley. 
 
 1838— Jacob Negley, William Fleming, David Lytle. 
 
 1839— William Fleming, David Lytle, John Orr. 
 
 1840— David Lytle, John Orr, J. B. Guthrie. 
 
 1841— John Orr, J. B. Guthrie, John Deardorff. 
 
 1842 — J. B. Guthrie, John D. Work. John Deardorff. 
 
 1843— John Deardorff, John D. Work, Robert Wallace. 
 
 1844— Samuel Lehman, Robert Wallace, John Tritle. 
 
 1845— Robert Wallace, John Tritle. 
 
 1846 — John Tritle, John Johnston, Abram Stouffer. 
 
'^'">'l'yBC,v/.ji,,„,F.E 
 
 li^-i^^ 
 
HI8T0ET OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 209 
 
 1847 — John Johnston, Abram StoufPer, Joseph Snively. 
 
 1848 — ^Abram Stouffer, Joseph Snively, Thomas Carson. 
 
 1849 — Joseph Snively, Thomas Carson, B. A. Doyle. 
 
 1850 — Thomas Carson, B. A. Doyle, George W. Zeigler. 
 
 1851 — B. A. Doyle, George W. Zeigler, James L. Black. 
 
 1852— G. W. Zeigler, James L. Black, W. A. Shields. 
 
 1853 — William A. Shields, William Armstrong, David Spencer. 
 
 1854 — William Armstrong, David Spencer, W. S. Amberson. 
 
 1855 — D. Spencer, W. S. Amberson, John Bowman. 
 
 1856 — W. S. Amberson, John Bovraian, C. W. Burkholder. 
 
 1857— John Bowman, C. W. Burkholder, D. H. McPherson. 
 
 1858— C. W. Burkholder, D. H. McPherson, William Fleagle. 
 
 1859— D. H. McPherson, Williara Fleagle, J. R. Brewster. 
 
 1860 — William Fleagle, Andrew Davison, John Downey. 
 
 1861 — John Downey, Andrew Davison, George Jafrett. 
 
 1862 — John Downey, George Jarrett, D. K. Wunderlich. 
 
 1863— George Jarrett, D. K. Wunderlich. 
 
 1864— D. K. Wunderlich, D. B. Martin, W. S. Amberson. 
 
 1865— D. B. Martin, W. S. Amberson, M. Martin. 
 
 1866— W. S. Amberson, D. B. Martin, Samuel W. Nevin. 
 
 1867 — M. Martin, Samuel W. Nevin, Samuel Myers. 
 
 1868-69 — Samuel W. Nevin, Samuel Myers, Joseph Mowers. 
 
 1870 — Samuel Myers, Joseph Mowers, J. W. Winger. 
 
 1871— Joseph Mowers, J. W. Winger, John C. Tritle. 
 
 1872— J. W. Winger, John C. Tritle, John A. Sellers. 
 
 1873 — John A. Sellers, John Cressler, Samuel Taylor. 
 
 1874 — John A. Sellers, John Cressler, H. K. Harnish. 
 
 1875 — J. Cressler, H. R. Harnish, Samuel Taylor. 
 
 1876— Samuel Taylor, W. H. Blair, William M. Gillan. 
 
 1876-79— Samuel Taylor, W. H. Blair, Wm. M. Gillan. 
 
 1879-82— Simon Lecron, James W. Duffield, William Frye. 
 
 1882-85— Aaron F. Snoke, D. C. Clark, Lemuel Snively. 
 
 1885-88 — Samuel S. Keisher, John Pensinger, George W. Johnston. 
 
 POOE-HOUSE. 
 
 The Act of Assembly for the erection of the ' ' House for the employment 
 and support of the poor ' ' of the county was approved by the governor, Marclu. 
 11, 1807. The second section of the act provided that at the election to be- 
 held in October, 1807, five persons should be elected ' ' to determine upon and' 
 fix the place on which the buildings should be erected, ' ' and also that there 
 should be elected " three persons to be directors of the poor," one to serve 
 for one year, one for two years, and one for three years, their terms to be de^ 
 termined by lot. 
 
 William Allison, David Fullerton, John Colhoun, Col. Joseph Culbertson 
 and John Maclay, were elected the commissioners to fix the site for the poor- 
 house, and Robert Liggett, James Robinson and Ludwig Heck were elected 
 directors of the poor. 
 
 The commissioners selected the farm of Thomas Lindsay (the site of the 
 present poor-house) as the place where the poor-house should be erected, and 
 in the year 1808 the directors purchased it for the sum of $8, 200. The farm 
 then contained 165 acres, and had a stone farm house, barn, etc., upon it. 
 This house was somewhat enlarged, and used until the year 1811, when th& 
 large stone building, now standing, was put up. 
 
 1 2-. 
 
210 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 In the years 1853-54, the large brick house was erected at a cost of about 
 $12,000. The farm now contains about 210 acres. 
 
 The following lists contain the names of the directors of the poor-house, its 
 stewards, treasurers, attorneys, clerks and physicians, from the year 1807 to 
 the present time, so far as they could be ascertained: 
 
 DIEECTORS or POOR-HOUSE. 
 
 1808 — James Eobinson, Eobert Liggett, Ludwig Heck. 
 1809 — Eobert Liggett, Ludwig Heck, Henry Etter. 
 1810 — Ludwig Heck, Henry Etter, Isaac Eaton. 
 1811 — Henry Etter, Isaac Eaton, Samuel Eadebaugh. 
 1812 — Isaac Eaton, Samuel Eadebaugh. 
 1813 — Samuel Eadebaugh, Matthew Lind. 
 
 1814 , Matthew Lind, John Vance. 
 
 1815 — Matthew Lind, John Vance, Philip Berlin. 
 
 1816 — John Vance, Philip Berlin, John Snider. 
 
 1817 — Philip Berlin, John Snider, John Eudisil. 
 
 1818 — John Snider, John Eudisil, Matthew Patton. 
 
 1819 — John Eudisil, Matthew Patton, D. Washabaugh. 
 
 1820— Matthew Patton, D. Washabaugh, J. Stouffer. 
 
 1821 — D. Washabaugh, J. StoufPer, William McKesson. 
 
 1822— J. StoufPer, William McKesson, John Snider. 
 
 1823 — William McKesson, John Snider, Thomas Yeates. 
 
 1824 — John Snider, Thomas Yeates, Jacob Heck. 
 
 1825 — Thomas Yeates, Jacob Heck, A. Thompson. 
 
 1826 — Jacob Heck, A. Thompson, John Davison. 
 
 1827 — A. Thompson, John Davison, Thomas Yeates. 
 
 1828 — John Davison, Thomas Yeates, John Vance. 
 
 1829 — Thomas Yeates, John Vance, John Coble. 
 
 1880 — John Vance, John Coble, Samuel Dechart. 
 
 1831 — John Coble, Samuel Dechart, Nicholas Baker. 
 
 1832 — Samuel Dechart, Nicholas Eaker, James Davison. 
 
 1833 — Nicholas Baker, James Davison, John Eadebaugh. 
 
 1834 — James Davison, John Eadebaugh, John Orr. 
 
 1835 — John Eadebaugh, John Orr, Jacob Oyster. 
 
 1836 — John Orr, Jacob Oyster, John Whitmore. 
 
 1837 — Jacob, Oyster, John Whitmore, William Linn. 
 
 1838 — John Whitmore, William Linn, Samuel Campbell. 
 
 1839 — William Linn, Samuel Campbell, Philip Nitterhouse. 
 
 1840 — Samuel Campbell, Philip Nitterhouse, James Davison. 
 
 1841 — Philip Nitterhouse, James Davison, Matthew Patton. 
 
 1842 — James Davison, Matthew Patton, Upton Washabaugh. 
 
 1843 — Matthew Patton, Upton Washabaugh, John Monn, Jr. 
 
 1844 — Upton Washabaugh, John Monn, Jr., Samuel Lehman. 
 
 1845 — John Monn, Jr. , Samuel Lehman, John S. Detwiler. 
 
 1846 — Samuel Lehman, John L. Detwiler, Daniel Bonebrake. 
 
 1847 — John L. Detwiler, Daniel Bonebrake, Fred. Boyer. 
 
 1848 — Daniel Bonebrake, Fred. Boyer, John Wise. 
 
 1849 — Fred. Boyer, John Wise, David Hays. 
 
 3850 — John Wise, David Hays, S. Detwiler. 
 
 1851 — David Hays, S. Detwiler, Jacob Garver. 
 
 1852 — Samuel Lehman, Jacob Garver, Martin Newcomer. 
 
 1853 — Jacob Gai-ver, Martin Newcomer, D. O. Gehr. 
 
HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 211 
 
 1854 — Martin Newcomer, D. O. Gehr, James Ferguson. 
 
 1855 — D. 0. Gehr, James Ferguson, Josiah Besore. 
 
 1856 — James Ferguson, Josiah Besore, Jacob Weaver. 
 
 1857 — Josiah Besore, Jacob Weaver, M. Gillan. 
 
 1858 — Jacob Weaver, M. Gillan, Jacob Strickler. 
 
 1859 — M. Gillan, Jacob Strickler, David Spencer. 
 
 1860 — Jacob Strickler, David Spencer, J. S. Latshaw. 
 
 1861 — David Spencer, J. S. Latshaw, William Harris. 
 
 1862 — J. S. Latshaw, William Harris, Samuel Seacrist. 
 
 1863 — William Harris, Samuel Seacrist, John Doebler. 
 
 1864 — Samuel Seacrist, John Doebler, John H. Criswell. 
 
 1865 — John H. Criswell, James H. Clayton, Martin Heintzelman. 
 
 1866 — John H. Criswell, James H. Clayton, Martin Heintzelman. 
 
 1867 — James H. Clayton, Martin Heintzelman, John Gillan, Jr. 
 
 1868-69— Martin Heintzelman, John Gillan, Jr., J. R. Smith. 
 
 1870— John Gillan, John Smith, Fred. Long. 
 
 1871— J. R. Smith, Fred. Long, Peter McFerren. 
 
 1872— Fred. Long, Peter McFerren, David Deatrick. 
 
 1873^Peter McFerren, David Deatrick, Jacob Kreider. 
 
 1874 — David Deatrick, Jacob Kreider, Amos Stouffer. 
 
 1875 — Jacob Kreider, Amos Stouffer, William Bossart. 
 
 1876 — Amos Stouffer, William Bossart, Henry "Lutz. 
 
 1877— William Bossart, Henry Lutz, B. F. Funk. 
 
 1878— Henry Lutz, B. F. Funk, Jacob Frick. 
 
 1879— R F. Funk, Jacob Frick, John Lindsay. 
 
 1880 — Jacob Frick, John Lindsay, Benjamin Lehman. 
 
 1881 — John Lindsay, Benjamin Lehman, H. B. Angle. 
 
 1882 — ^Benjamin Lehman, H. B. Angle, John E. Maclay. 
 
 1883— H. B. Angle, John E. Maclay, Geo. W. Brindle. 
 
 1884— John E. Maclay, Geo. W. Brindle, Charles A. Clark. 
 
 1885 — Geo. W. Brindle, Charles A. Clark, John A. Witherspoon. 
 
 1886-^Charles A. Clark,* John A. Witherspoon, H. C. Funk.f 
 
 1887 — John A. Witherspoon, John H. Crisswell, Levi D. C. Honser. 
 
 STEWARDS OF POOH-HOUSB. 
 
 1808-14— Daniel Shrceder. 
 1814-21 — Benjamin Gruver. 
 1821-27 — Richard Morrow. 
 1827-30— Philip Lauffman. 
 1830-33 — Andrew McLellan. 
 1833-39— Col. John Snider. 
 1839— David Fegley. 
 1840-43— William J. Morrow. 
 1843-45 — Emapuel Crosland. 
 1845-54 — Samuel Jeffries. 
 
 1854-56— David Piper. 
 1856-59— WiUiam Shinafield. 
 1859 — John Bowman. 
 1860-64— James Chariton. 
 1864^66— William McGrath. 
 1866-68— John Ditzlear. 
 1868— David Piper. 
 1869-73— Samuel Brandt. 
 1873-84^Joseph Middouer. 
 1884-87— Augustus H. Etter. 
 
 TREASUEEES OF POOE-HOUSE. 
 
 1808-14— David Denney. 
 1814-21— Unknown. 
 1821-23— William Heyser. 
 
 1823— John Sloan. 
 1824-27— Hugh Greenfield. 
 1827-30— Daniel Spangler. 
 
 *£)ied, and vacancy filled April 27 until January, 1886, by the appointment of Levi D. C. Houser, who, At 
 the November election, was elected for a full term of three years. 
 
 tCled and vacancy filled July 17 by the appointment of John H. Criesvell until January 1, 1886, vho, at 
 the November election, vas elected for two years, Mr. Funk's unexpired term. 
 
212 
 
 HI8T0BY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 1830-32— Joseph Pritts. 
 1832-35— Henry Smitli. 
 1835— Jasper E. Brady. 
 1836-38— William Bard. 
 1838— Henry Euby. 
 1839-43— Daniel Dechert. 
 1843^5— William Flory. 
 1845-48— Daniel S. Pahnestock 
 1848— James Wright. 
 
 1849-56— D. S. Fahnestock. 
 1856-58— J. Smith Grier. 
 1858-61— John W. Reed. 
 1861-69— Charles Gelwicks. 
 1869-72— Alex. Martin. 
 1872 — Thomas Metcalfe. 
 1873-80— Hugh B. Davison.* 
 1881-87— S. Miller ShiUito. 
 
 OLEKKS TO DIKECTOES OF POOE-HOUSE. 
 
 1808-14— Elijah B. Mendenhall. 
 1814 — F. Hershberger. 
 1815— Matthew Lind. 
 1816— D. C. Dehart. 
 1817— James McKay. 
 1818-21— Henry Reges. 
 1821-23— Daniel Spangler. 
 1823-27— Richard Morrow. 
 1827— Hiram Cox. 
 1828-31— William S. Davis. 
 
 1831— John Colhoun. 
 1832— James R. Kirby. 
 1833-35— John Smith., 
 1835-37— John W. Reges. 
 1837^0— Richard Morrow. 
 1840-43— Jacob Heck. 
 1843^5— Hugh B. Davison, 
 1845-48— Charles W. Heart. 
 1848-50— John W. Eeges. 
 
 ATTOHNETS AND CLEEKS OF POOE-HOUSE. 
 
 1851-56- 
 1856-59- 
 1859-62- 
 1862-66- 
 1866-69- 
 1869-73- 
 
 -Lyman S. Clarke. 
 -J. Wyeth Douglass. 
 -Snively Strickler. 
 -William S. Everett. 
 -E. J. Bonebrake. 
 -John R. Orr.' 
 
 PHYSICIANS 
 
 1808 — Abraham Senseny. 
 1809-14— John Sloan. 
 1815-18— Andrew McDowell. 
 1819-20— George B. McKnight. 
 1821-23— A. J. Dean. 
 1824-26— Samuel D. Culbertson. 
 1827— Peter Fahnestock. 
 1828— N. B. Lane. 
 1829-30— Andrew McDowell. 
 1831-'32 — Jeremiah Senseny. 
 1833— D. S. Byrne. 
 1834-35— J. Bayne. 
 1836-37— A. H. Senseny. 
 1838 — John Lambert. 
 1839^1— J. Evans. 
 1842-43— J. C. Richards. 
 1844— William H. Boyle. 
 1845-47— John Lambert. 
 
 1873-76— James A. McKnight. 
 1876-77— Frank Mehaffey. 
 1878— John M. McDowell. 
 1879-82— N. Bruce Martin. 
 1882-85— Loren A. Culp. 
 1885-87— J. F. Linn Harbaugh. 
 
 OP POOE-HOnSE. 
 
 1848-49— N. B. Lane. 
 1850-52— John King. 
 1853 — rJohn Lambert. 
 1854— A. H. Senseny. 
 1855— S. G. Lane. 
 1856-57— A. H. Senseny. 
 1858— W. H. Boyle. 
 1859-61— S. G. Lane. 
 1862-63— James Hamilton. 
 1864-65— J. L. Suesserott. 
 1866-67— J. C. Richards. 
 1868— C.L. Bard, T.J. McLanahaa. 
 1869-72— W. H. Boyle. 
 1873-75— T. J. McLanahan. 
 1876-77— Samuel G. Lane. 
 1878-81— T. J. McLanahan. 
 1882-85— Charles F. Palmer. 
 1886-87— John P. Seibert. 
 
 CHAPLAINS OF POOE-HOUSE. 
 
 1872-78— Augustus Bickley. 1881-87— Augustus Bickley. 
 
 1879-80— Philip Hamman. 
 
 'Mr. DaTison died, and on April 6, 1880, S. Miller Shillito waa elected to fill remainder of year. 
 
HISTOBY OB' PEANKLIN COUNTY. 213 
 
 Mr. Eickley commenced holding religious service at the poor-house in 
 1836, and continued with few interruptions until 1872, when he was regular- 
 ly elected chaplain, with a salary. 
 
 DEPUTY 8UKVET0ES UNDER APPOINTMENT FROM THE 8URYET0B-GENEEAL. 
 
 1736 — Zachariah Butcher, Lancaster County. 
 1743-1746 — Thomas Cookson, Lancaster County 
 1750 — Col. John Armstrong, Cumberland County. 
 
 1784 — Matthew Henderson, of Cumberland County, to 
 
 1784r-96 — Matthew Henderson, of Lurgan Township. 
 
 1796-1804— Daniel Henderson. 
 
 1804-09— Thomas Kirby, Chambersburg. 
 
 1809-18— Thomas Poe, Antrim. 
 
 1818-21 — Archibald Fleming, Antrim. 
 
 1821-24^William S. Davis. 
 
 1824-29 — William Hamilton, Peters or Montgomery. 
 
 1830-34 — William S. Davis, Chambersburg. 
 
 1834-36— Seth Kline, Greene. 
 
 1886-37 — WUliam S. Davis, Chambersburg. 
 
 1837-39— Samuel M. Armstrong. 
 
 1839-45 — Hugh Auld, Chambersburg. 
 
 1845-47 — ^Augustus F. Armstrong, Chambersburg. 
 
 1847-50— Hugh Auld, Chambersburg. 
 
 COUNTY SURVEYORS. 
 
 By the act of the 9th of April, 1850, county surveyors were directed to 
 be elected to serve for the term of three years each. 
 The following persons have filled the ofBce: 
 1850-56— Emanuel Kuhn, St. Thomas. 
 1856-62 — John B. Kaufman, Letterkenny. 
 1862-71 — Emanuel Kuhn, Chambersburg.* 
 1871-75 — John B. Kaufman, Letterkenny. 
 1875-78— John W. Kuhn, Peters. 
 1878-87 — John B. Kaufman, Letterkenny (present incumbent). 
 
 PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Prior to the passage of the act of 1850, providing for the election of dis- 
 trict attorneys, the State's attorney or prosecuting attorneys were the 
 deputies of the attorney-general for the time being, appointed by him, 
 and removable at his pleasure. The court records prior to 1842 having 
 been burned, it is not possible to make more than a partial list of the former 
 prosecuting attorneys, as follows: 
 
 1789-90— John Clark. 1824— Frederick Smith. 
 
 1790-1802— William Brown. 1842-45— Wilson Keilly. 
 
 1802-12— William Maxwell, Getty8burgl845-47— William E. EanMn. 
 1813— William M. McDowell. 1847-49— George W. Brewer. 
 
 1819— Matthew St. Clair Clarke. 1849-51— Hugh W. Eeynolds. 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Elected under the act of 3d of May, 1850, to serve three years, from first 
 Monday in November after election. 
 
 ^Resigned April, 1871, and John B. Kaufman was appointed for the unexpired term. Mr. Kaufman 
 wa» also elected for the full term in October, 1871. 
 
214 HISTOKY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 1851-54— James S. Boss. 1872-75— Theodore McGowan. 
 
 -latiA Kn ( Thomas B. Ketmedv. 1875-78— Oliver C. Bowers. 
 
 ISDi-D /- I Lj^^Q s Clarke. 1878-81— Oliver C. Bowers. 
 
 1857-60— Lyman S. Clarke. 1881-84r— Chas. A. Suesserott. 
 
 1860-63— George Byster. 1884-87— W. J. Zacharias. 
 
 1863-72— William S. Stenger. 1887 —Hiram J. Plough. 
 
 JURY CGMMISSIONEHS. 
 
 Elected under the act of 10th of April, 1867, to serve for three years. 
 
 1867-70— Addison Imbrie, William Boyd. 
 
 1870-73— W. H. H. Mackey, Elias Patton. 
 
 1873-76— John GUbert, A. H. Etter. 
 
 1876-79— J. C. McCuUoh, Lewis Lecron. 
 
 1883 — George S. Coover, David M. Lowry. 
 
 1886— John E. Harvey, L. H. Henkell. 
 
 COUNTY SUPEEINTENDBNTS OF COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 Selected under act of May 8, 1854, to serve for three years. 
 1854-57— James McDowell, Hugh 1869-72— Samuel Gelwix. 
 J. Campbell, 1872-75— Jacob S. Smith. 
 
 1857-63— Philip M. Shoemaker. 1875-81— S. H. Eby. 
 
 1863-66— Andrew J. McElwain 1881-87— Harry A. Disert. 
 
 1866-69— Philip M. Shoemaker. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 INTEENAL AFFAIRS. 
 
 Lands and Land Titles— Indian Trails— Roads— Bkidges— Turnpikes— Inns 
 OR Taverns— Militia— Muster Days — Mail Routes and PosTOFnoEs— 
 Postmasters — Railroads — Cumberland Valley Railroad — First 
 Sleeping Car Ever Made— Franklin Railroad— Shenandoah Valley 
 Railroad— Harrisbui^s & Potomac Railroad— Western Maryland Rail- 
 road— Baltimorb & Cumberland Valley Railroad— Mont Alto Rail- 
 ROAD^MoNT Alto Iron Works, etc. 
 
 "TTTHEN the white man came here he found all the lands in the possession of 
 VV the Indians. Their title was simply that of tribal possession. There was 
 no individual ownership, and to this day that race spurns the idea of individual 
 property in land. When civilization put its foot down to stay upon this con- 
 tinent it taught these children of the forest the sad lesson to them, of not only 
 individual title to land but title acquired by right of discovery and con- 
 quest. 
 
 By grant from England, William Penn became the proprietary of the lands 
 that constitute the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The spendthrift king 
 was in debt to the Penn estate something over £16,000, and it was an easy 
 matter for him to pay his debts by granting anything the creditor might want 
 in the New World. Penn, by his agents first, and then in person, came on and 
 entered upon his possessions. He used every means to bring immigrants here, 
 and was very liberal in conferring titles to all who wished to occupy land. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 215 
 
 After Penn had purchased of the English Government what he had suppoFed 
 was an indefeasible title to the land described in his grant, and his ageuta 
 came to occupy the same, he found that his title was disputed by tribes of In- 
 dians — first tiie Five Nations and afterward the Six Nations. He met them in 
 the spirit of the utmost fairness, and again purchased what he had already 
 paid his king in full for. 4nd more than once he had to buy the title to the 
 same property from new claimant tribes, and in some instances, where the same 
 tribe had sold and spent the proceeds of the sale, they demanded a second 
 payment. Even these unreasonable claims were attended to and the second 
 payments cheerfully made. 
 
 Penn sold at very cheap rates to immigrants wanting to settle upon lands. 
 He was as lenient to the absurd claims of some squatters, who here and there 
 took possession and resisted his rights, as he had been to the ignorant Indians, 
 in his sales generally reserving a small quit rent per acre, or in case of town 
 lots, per lot, to be paid to proprietary per annum. In this way came all the 
 titles to lands in Pennsylvania prior to the Eevolution. When the independ- 
 ence of the colonies was established, the right of eminent domain and the title 
 to all lands, not transferred to individuals, rested in the General Government, a 
 satisfactory compensation having been made the proprietaries in the adjust- 
 ment of the subject. 
 
 The modem convenient plan of sectionizing land was then unknown. 
 A purchaser would get a grant for so much land in a certain locality, and then 
 locate it and mark it out as his judgment dictated, his first consideration being 
 a spring of water, and then to curve and crook his lines to get where he sup- 
 posed would be the best land. 
 
 TBAILS. 
 
 The setting sun, the mountain passes, and the topography of mountain and 
 valley, determined the course of the Indian trails — the only highways known 
 to the savages. The " war-path" was a term full of meaning. Bloody and 
 senseless wars were the chief end in life of the most of them, and the trails 
 from tribe to tribe usually meant " the war-path " — the thin trails worn in the 
 primeval rocks by the generations of painted braves on their bloody missions. 
 
 These Indian trails directed the white man to the heart of the wilderness. 
 They were the primitive roads pointing his course in his slow voyage from 
 the Atlantic to the Pacific. The adventurous hunters would discover and 
 first follow up these trails, and then tell the young immigrants of the wonders of 
 the country they had seen. It was a hunter, that had looked upon Falling 
 Springs and the surrounding beautiful land, who told young Chambers about 
 it, and determined him to come here. By following the trail leading from 
 about Harrisburg toward the Potomac, as directed by t^e hunter, the Cham- 
 berses were led to the spot that will ever be a monument to the memory of that 
 illustrious family. 
 
 KOADB. 
 
 In 1736 the first road was laid out in the Cumberland Valley. It would be 
 most probably termed in these days a bridle road, that is, a road over which 
 the trains of pack-horses could travel and carry, as they did, the articles of 
 commerce of that day. In the year named, the court of Lancaster appointed 
 Col. Chambers, and five others, to view roads and survey important lines. In 
 1735 a road had been ordered to be made from Harris' Ferry toward the Po- 
 tomac Eiver, and Col. Chambers and party surveyed the route and "blazed it 
 out." This first road, strange as it seems now, met with considerable opposi- 
 tion "from a number of inhabitants on the west side of the Susquehanna." It 
 
216 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 was originally intended to extend only from Harris' Ferry to Letort Springs, 
 (Carlisle.) 
 
 Military Road, 1755. — This road extended from McDowell's Mill, near 
 Chambersburg, "over the mountains to Raystown (Bedford), by the forks of 
 the Youghiagheny, to intersect the Virginia road somewhere on the Mononga- 
 hela," being supposed indispensable for the supply of Braddock's troops on 
 the route to Fort Du Quesne, and after their aiTival. One of the commission- 
 ers to lay out this road was Adam Hoops, of Antrim. A route was surveyed 
 from a gap in the mountain near Shippensburg over an old Indian trail to 
 Eaystown. The road was from ten to thirty feet wide, according to the work 
 necessary to construct it; it was completed to Raystown in June. Braddock's 
 defeat rend >red further work unnecessary, and it was stopped. 
 
 In 1768 he first public road extending through this county and into Fulton 
 County was ordered by the court of quarter sessions of Cumberland County. 
 It was an eitension of the old "Harris' Ferry toward the Potomac" road. 
 When made, it ran through Peters, Antrim and Washington Townships, as they 
 are now formed. 
 
 At the April session of the court of Cumberland County, 1761, a petition 
 of the people of Peters Township was presented, asking for a road, saying that 
 they have no prospect for a standing market for the produce of the county, 
 only at Baltimore, and having no road leading from their township to said 
 town of Baltimore, and flour being the principal commodity their ' ' township 
 produceth, and having two mills in said township, viz. : John McDowell' s and 
 William Smith's," they pray the court to appoint men to view and lay out a 
 road from each of said mills to meet at or near the house of William Maxwell, 
 and from thence to run by the nearest and best way toward said town of Bal- 
 timore, until it intersects the ' ' temporary line, ' ' or the line of York County. 
 The court appointed Henry Pawling, James Jack, John Allison, Joseph Brad- 
 ner, John McClellan, Jr. , and William HoUiday, viewers, any four of them to 
 make a report. No report was made until April, 1768, when the viewers re- 
 ported in favor of granting the petition of the people of Peters and Hamilton 
 Townships. But the branch roads to the mills were restricted to be bridle 
 roads. They were to unite at or near James Irwin' s mill, in Peters Town- 
 ship; thence crossing to the Conococheague Creek, at the mouth of Muddy Run; 
 thence through Antrim Township to Nicholson's Gap, in the South Mountain, 
 from there to Baltimore. Thus it mainly followed the old trail ; the trail being 
 superseded by a bridle road, and this by a wagon road, and the last by a 
 turnpike. This was the regular order of development that has now resulted 
 in the railroads — the first and main lines of which substantially follow the great 
 Indian trails. 
 
 In 1768 the court appointed Edward Crawford, Jonah Cook, George Brown, 
 William McBrier, William HoUiday and William McDowell, viewers, to locate 
 a road from James Campbell's, near Loudon, through Chambersburg, to the 
 county line in Black's Gap. This is now substantially the route of the present 
 turnpike road. 
 
 When Chambersburg was laid out as a town, the road toward Shippensburg 
 ■crossed the spring at the present fording on King Street, and following its 
 course through the Indian burial place and the yard of the Presbyterian 
 Church, finally joined the present road in front of the church, and pursued its 
 eastward course several rods distant from the present turnpike, but nearly 
 parallel with it. The only place where the Conococheague could be crossed 
 near the southern limit of the town was at the lower fording, at Lemon's 
 factory, where the bridge now is. At this ancient fording Col. Chambers once 
 
7// 
 
HISTORY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 219 
 
 kept a flat-boat for carrying foot passengers. Two roads ran westward from 
 the ford, one of which, now Franklin Street, wound over the hill to Market 
 Street, and then proceeded directly west. The other ran through Wolfstown 
 and formed a junction with the former at Western Point, about a mile from 
 town. 
 
 Of the roads in early times in the county. Dr. W. C. Lane, in Public 
 Opinion, June 26, 1877, says : "In the infancy of the settlement the facilities 
 which merchants now enjoy for bringing their goods from the eastern cities 
 were unknown. Then we were not within a few hours' ride of Philadelphia, 
 and could dot order goods one day and receive them the next. Turnpikes were 
 yet among the things of the future, and goods from the East were slowly drawn 
 over the rough roads, in small and lumbering wagons, and many days were re- 
 quired for the journey. Commercial intercourse with the West was carried on 
 exclusively by means of pack-horses, and the process of sending goods to. Or 
 bringing them from, this remote part of the State, was both slow and expen- 
 sive; as a necessary consequence, merchandise of all varieties then commanded 
 a much higher price than it does now. This mode of transporting goods on 
 pack-horses from Chambersburg ran into the beginning of the present century. 
 The roads from Chambersburg to the West were then narrow and rough, and 
 wagons could hardly be drawn'over them, and pack-horses were, necessarily, 
 almost exclusively used as a means of transportation. Long strings of these 
 horses, with small bells suspended from their necks, and laden with salt, iron 
 and goods of various kinds, were accustomed to start from the town on their 
 weary march to their distant destination. A wooden pack-saddle was fastened 
 on the back of the horse, and over this was placed bent bars of iron, on the 
 curved and projecting ends of which sacks of salt, iron bars and cast iron uten- 
 sils of various kinds were strapped. Each horse carried about 200 pounds, and 
 many weary days were spent in traversing the country over which they passed. 
 It will not be forgotten that, at this early date, the western counties of the 
 State were sparsely settled, and that the manufacture of iron, salt and different 
 other commodities, was yet undeveloped. Hence, the people of these sections 
 were entirely dependent upon the East for these indispensable articles of daily 
 use. We may incidentally remark that, about the year 1790, Mr. John Gil- 
 more, of Strasburg, sold salt at his store in that town, for transportation to 
 Washington County, on pack-horses, at |8 per bushel. Other articles of trade 
 brought correspondingly high prices. In the few following years the roads 
 over the mountains were widened and otherwise improved, and wagons then 
 took the places of pack-horses. The usual time required for a loaded wagon 
 to make the trip from Chambersburg to Pittsburg, and return, was three 
 weeks. The average price of freight between these places was $10 per hun- 
 dred. 
 
 BRIDGES. 
 
 The first consideration to the settlers, in order to live at all, was roads. 
 They had to have salt and iron. These they could, after a fashion, carry over 
 the rough and narrow roads they made. The growth of their wants soon com- 
 pelled the making of wagon ways, and then it was some time before they felt 
 compelled to put bridges across the streams. They contented themselves with 
 "fords " — shallow places — where, by a little work in digging the banks, it was 
 possible to cross on the wagons with light loads, but here, as in many places 
 in the mountain passes, they would "double teams," and in mud and water, 
 and in sore trials and labor, after spending the most of a day at a bad cross- 
 ing, they would pass over. Then selecting places of narrow and steep banks 
 they would make rude bridges. These were very imperfect affairs — often 
 
220 HI8T0EY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 washed away by the freshets that went raging down the mountain streams, and 
 many were the freighters and travelers who had to go into camp and patiently 
 wait the subsidence of the waters. When the waters had gone down, the people 
 would replace the washed- away first bridge with one better constructed, but 
 still their inexperience often deceived them as to what the stream could do the 
 next efEort it made, and sometimes the second and third bridges would follow 
 down the stream like the first one. 
 
 TUENPIKES. 
 
 The building of the first turnpike road was an era in the history of the de- 
 velopment of the county. The people heard of its promised advantages, and 
 the probabilities of its ever being really made, with some incredulity. The 
 national and State governments willingly lent their aid to the construc- 
 tion of these important improvements. Better ways for commercial inter- 
 course among the distant communities were imperative. The great Mis- 
 sissippi Valley was being rapidly taken up by settlers, and the stupendous 
 national project was conceived of a great highway from Baltimore to 
 the Mississippi Eiver, through the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
 Indiana and Illinois. The work upon this enterprise was carried on for 
 nearly a generation. It was never completed to the Mississippi Eiver, but was 
 built to Vandalia, the then capital of Illinois. It was the wants, the foresight 
 and energy of the people of Franklin that caused the commencement of this 
 national road. 
 
 The tm-npike road from Chambersburg to Baltimore was made in 1809, and 
 the first broad- wheeled wagon which passed over it was made by Mr. Philip 
 Berlin, of Chambersburg in that year. 
 
 The Pittsburgh turnpike was made about 1820. The first stage coach from 
 Chambersburg to Pittsburgh "passed over a rough and narrow mountain road 
 in the year 1804." 
 
 The construction of the Western turnpike gave an active impulse to trade, 
 and goods were shipped over it in great broad-wheeled wagons in large quan- 
 tities. The business activity of Chambersburg and the surrounding country 
 then greatly increased. Several lines of stages started daily for Philadelphia, 
 Pittsburgh and Baltimore, besides other lines, which reached less distant places. 
 The town then was a great thoroughfare for travel, and at all seasons the town' s 
 hotels were filled with travelers. The public highways were soon lined with 
 blacksmith and wagon-makers' shops, stage and hack stands, and trading 
 places. The tavern yards were crowded with wagons, and merchants were busily 
 engaged receiving and shipping goods. Large numbers of men were thus em- 
 ployed. The road from Chambersburg to Pittsburgh was often lined with long 
 files of broad-wheeled wagons, with their high bows covered with heavy can- 
 vas, and drawn by those teams of powerful draught horses, for which Pennsyl- 
 vania was once famous, many of whose necks were mounted with bearskin 
 housings and tinkling bells. 
 
 The following account kept by Henry K. F. MoUwitz, keeper of the North 
 Mountain turnpike gate, leading from Loudon to McConnellsburg, for the years 
 1830 and 1834, exhibits at one view the amount of traveling, etc., on the 
 turnpike, during those years. 
 
 During the year 1830 1834 1830 1834 
 
 Broad wheeled wagons 6641 6359 Riding horses 3116 2817 
 
 Narrow wheeled " 495 374 Draft horses 89834 42830 
 
 Single horse " 761 1243 Heads of cattle 5834 6457 
 
 Carriages 138 107 Sheep 2180 2852 
 
 Two horse wagons 318 779 Hogs 1180 40 
 
 '"■" 18 00 Carts 18 OO 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 221 
 
 The first turnpike company in the State was incorporated in April, 1792- 
 but it was not built till about 1814, when many similar companies were char- 
 tered, and the public mind became deeply interested in their building. The 
 State was a liberal subscriber to such enterprises. Every State in the Union 
 subscribed largely to its enterprises of internal improvements. During these 
 times three important turnpike roads were constructed into Franklin County, 
 and to each of these the State contributed liberally. The three roads were: 
 The Carlisle and Chambersburg road (this received from the State $100,000); 
 the Chambersburg and Bedford road ($175,000); and the Waynesboro, Green- 
 castle and Mercersburg road ($25,000). 
 
 INNS OE TAVEHNS. 
 
 Inns or taverns werp numerous in those days. It is said that nearly 
 every tenth house along the turnpike was a hostelry, whose yards were night- 
 ly filled with wagons, and whose tap-rooms were thronged with noisy and 
 hilarious teamsters. A violin was then considered an indispensable adjunct to 
 a country tavern; and, moved by its inspiring notes, the jolly crowd often 
 stamped and thundered through the ' ' stag dance, ' ' the Virginia reel, and the 
 " hoe down." The fun was fast and furious, especially when the throng was 
 maddened by their fi-equent and generous potations of the ' ' worm of the 
 still;" then a brawl and promiscuous fight was not unfrequent, and bloody 
 noses and blackened eyes were the proud badges of the royal fun they had 
 had. Certainly these were vsdld times — but they were jolly. The good old 
 days of the wayside taverns ; the era of Concord coaches and their ' ' great men' ' 
 drivers, who were the heroes par excellence, whether mounted upon their box,, 
 the "ribbons" guiding the prancing horses, the long whip, and the windifig 
 horns blowing defiance and triumph in the face of a gaping world, like the 
 heralds of the plumed knights of old; or in the bar-room, the center of an ad- 
 miring crowd, to which they gave their condescending and oracular "Yes;. 
 with a little sugar, please." They were the country taverns' truly great men. 
 The flattering "treats" of the men, the gracious smiles of the blooming bar- 
 maid, were theirs exclusively. What a picture of rural life and happy con- 
 tent your recollection conjures up! Now all is gone. The shrill whistle of 
 the flying engine has blown out of this world even those great heroes, the 
 stage-drivers. Your memory lingers now like a fading tradition — ye have 
 passed away, like a dissolving view — a silent tear to your shades. 
 
 MILITIA. 
 
 The earliest settlers were, soon after landing here, compelled to resort 
 to some mode of military organization, by the action of the Indians. Then 
 there were the conflicting claims to the country by the Spaniards, French and 
 English. The difPerent settlements, as they happened to be from difFerent 
 nations of Europe, were often given to raids upon neighboring colonies, and 
 sometimes drove them off and destroyed their property; at other times they 
 were content to take the colony under their authority, and incorporate the 
 conquered colonists with their own society. Except the Quakers, all the peo- 
 ple were more or less militant. As early as 1750, nearly every able-bodied 
 man was in some way or other connected with the militia of his county. The 
 Indians had become so troublesome that parties, when they went out to open 
 new roads, had to go as armed squads of militia. In 1755 Col. James Smith, 
 who afterward became eminent in the wars of the country, was captured by 
 the Indians while in the act of opening a road from Loudon to Bedford. 
 
 After the Revolution the Assembly enacted laws for the regular organiza- 
 
222 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 tion of the militia, and appointed officers to take charge thereof, and to hold 
 regular encampments and muster days. All the people of the county en- 
 rolled in the militia were required to meet upon the muster days, and to 
 bring their guns and learn the driU of arms. Those who had no guns, the 
 State being too poor to supply any, were requested to use a stick or, as some 
 did, a corn stalk; and, hence, the name of " cornstalk militia" was at onetime 
 a term quite common. These muster days were eventually great annual events in 
 the county. Here the people met, discussed political and current events, arbitrated 
 disputes, fought out old quaiTels, and some drank whisky and rather indiscrim- 
 inately frolicked and fought, as opportunity offered. In the early part of the cen- 
 tury the authorities ordered a change in the uniform from a black to a white cock- 
 ade in the hats of the militia. In counties where the Federal party was the 
 stronger, this order created in some places almost riots, and in many there 
 were acts of insubordination and open denunciation of the order. Companies 
 would put on the required cockade while in the ranks drilling, but, the moment 
 the commanding officer would say " dismiss," they would tear off the regular 
 cockades and trample them under foot, and from their pockets produce and 
 place in their hats the other color cockade, and thus boisterously parade the 
 town. Many court-martials of militia officers occurred for insubordinations, 
 and the two political parties for a while were the ' ' white cockades ' ' and the 
 " black cockades." 
 
 POSTOFFICES, MAIL ROUTES, ETC. 
 
 It sounds strange to the people of to-day, to say that, for six years 
 after the formation of the county, there was not a postoffice, or mail 
 facilities of any kind, in the county, or in this part of the common- 
 wealth. People in those days wrote letters and watched for opportuni- 
 ties to send them by the hands of some party going to their destination. The 
 Government sent letters to its army officers only by special couriers. Busi- 
 ness men sent and received important business letters, an^ remitted and re- 
 ceived money by the hands of persons going from one to the other. The 
 freighters were, of course, a common convenience in this respect. But off 
 these routes of general travel, it was a very difficult matter to communicate 
 with friends. Practically then at one time, after there were certainly as 
 many as 10,000 people in what is now Franklin County, neither letters nor 
 papers were brought into the county. The first provision of the Government au- 
 thorities, that refers to this county, was a resolution of Congress, passed May 20, 
 1788. It provided that the Postmaster-General be directed to employ posts 
 for the regular transportation of the mails between the city of Philadelphia, 
 and the town of Pittsbui'gh, "by the route of Lancaster, Yorktown, Carlisle, 
 Chambers' Town and Bedford," and that the mail be dispatched, "once in 
 each fortnight from the said postoffices respectively. ' ' 
 
 The first postoffice in the county was established in Chambersburg in June, 
 1790. The settlement was then sixty years old, and all this time the people 
 had to supply their imperative necessities by such means as they could find. 
 For many years thereafter, as the reader will see by reference to the dates of 
 the establishment of the postoffices as given below, it was only the few princi- 
 pal offices in the county that had any mail connections with one another. For 
 a long time regular mails could only be sent from Chambersburg to Shippens- 
 burg; Chambersburg to Greencastle; Chambersburg to Mercersburg, and Mer- 
 cersburg to Hagerstown. Papers, circulars and political addresses preceding 
 a hotly contested election were distributed by horseback couriers, each political 
 party sending out its distributors. These pony riders would usually start 
 from the county seat on the first of the week, each provided with horns to 
 
HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 223 
 
 blow when he would approach a hamlet or some leading citizen's house. The 
 people would gather, they would distribute their important mail matter, and 
 in this way go all over the county. These trips would occupy about the en- 
 tire week. Barney O' Neil and Theo. Ditz, both living near Chambersburg, 
 were such mail carriers. 
 
 A copy of the Chambersburg Gazette of June 19, 1793, contains a list of 
 settlers in the Chambersburg postoffice as follows: David Adams, Falling 
 Springs; Patrick Boyle; Mathew Brown; Mary Brettow, care John Scott, 
 Esq.; John Bigham, care Hugh Bigham; Thomas Cooper, James Crawford, 
 Greencastle; Archibald Cunningham, care James Finley, Esq. ; Andrew 
 Dougherty, care J. Mahoney; James Dodds, care James Ramsey; John Mc- 
 Donald, care John Gilmore; John Dorans, care John King; Thomas Downing, 
 care Dr. Huey; David Ewing, care Andrew Kennedy; Christopher Ferris, 
 Greencastle; Mathew Fleming, care Rev. John King; John Grimes, care John 
 Martin; Andrew Givins, Tuscarora Valley; John Glenn, Mercersburg; William 
 Guthrie, Southampton Township; John Gilmore, Strasburg; James Gregg, 
 care John Calhoim; Thomas Henderson, hatter; Eleanor Hayes, care Samuel 
 Calhoun; James Henderson, care John Scott; Charles Hunter, care James 
 Ramsey or John Parkhill; Lenox Hallam, care Capt. Beatty; James Hender- 
 son; Andrew Irwin, care Samuel Quigley; Robert Kidd, care Alexander Dobbin; 
 John Kennon, care James Gailey; James Kelly, care James Ramsey; John Mil- 
 ler, Coyler's Creek; William McKee, James McCaslin, John McCurdy, John 
 MoKillop, Alexander McCracken, care James Ramsey; William McCleneghan, 
 care James McCleneghan; Samuel McMUlin, Burnt Cabins; Robert Martin 
 Cooper, care Geo. Clark; Thomas Mitchell, Susanah McShane, care Rev. 
 John King; WUliam Martin, Sherman's Valley; Walter McKinney, care John 
 King; John Neal, care Thomas Lucas; Robert Porter, Robert Peebles, 
 Haimlton Township; Archibald Patterson, shoe-maker; Robert Patterson, 
 cooper; Nathaniel Rankin, Greencastle; Thomas Stewart, James Semple, 
 Mrs. Polly Stokes, Charles Victor Shook, Peter Shields, Joseph Thompson, 
 Henry Work, Esq. , M. Williams, Peter Walter, Jacob Year, John Urr. 
 
 The following is an alphabetical list of the postoffices in the county and 
 the postmasters, with dates of appointments: 
 
 Altenwald. — Jacob B. Cook, December 21, 1881. 
 
 Amberson's Valley. — Benjamin J. Culbertson, December 16, 1850; Samuel 
 Shearman, June 21, 1852; John Creamer, June 25, 1853; Jeremiah B. Jones, 
 March 29, 1865; John M. Shearer, July 2, 1866; John A. Shoemaker, April 
 28, 1874; Francis L. Shoemaker, August 3, 1885. 
 
 Antietam (late Quincy). — AlDrahain Stoner, July 16, 1839; changed to 
 Quincy September 2, 1841. 
 
 Black's Gap. — Robert Black, June 15, 1869; changed to Greenwood Mills, 
 September 29, 1869. 
 
 Black's Gap (late Greenwood Mills).— Robert Black, February 9, 1870; 
 Nannie C. Bohn, September 23, 1885. 
 
 Blue Ridge Summit (late Monterey Springs). — A. C. Roosman, April 5, 
 1876; Maggie L. Chapman, January 7, 1881. 
 
 Bridgeport Mills.— Martin Hoover, February 15, 1837; discontinued May 
 10, 1842; re-established with Jacob Phillipi, December 19, 1873; changed to 
 Lemasters, April 6, 1877. 
 
 Brown's Mills. — Andrew Dalrymple, May 14, 1867; Hiram Young, April 15, 
 1869; John H. Grayson, April 1, 1870; John T. Valentine, March 31, 1871; 
 Jeremiah R. Young, February 25, 1876; Hiram Young, January 15, 1878; 
 Henry C. Gelwicks, April 14, 1882; James B. Weicht, March 17, 1886. 
 
224 HISTOBY OP FBANELIN COUNTY. 
 
 Carrick.— Samuel Dunn, April 16, 1834; John Dunn, May 8, 1843; Ben- 
 .jami^ H. Eshleman, February 8, 1849; discontinued December 24, 1849. 
 
 Carrick Furnace. — George W. Swank, July 5, 1860; William Noonan, Peb- 
 mary 26, 1864; discontinued, January 19, 1865; re-established with Samuel 
 H. Brown, postmaster, October 23, 1872; Alvin W. Horning, January 12, 
 1874; changed to Metal, May 19, 1884. 
 
 ChambersbuTgh. — John Martin, June 1, 1790; Patrick Campbell, July 1, 
 1795; Jeremiah Mahoney, January 1, 1796; John Brown, July 5, 1802; Jacob 
 Deckert, AprU 7, 1818; John Findlay, Sr., March 30, 1829; John Findlay, 
 July 9, 1886; William Gilmore, November 24, 1838; George H. Harper, April 
 3, 1841; David D. Durboran, July 8, 1842; John McClintock, February 3, 
 1846; Nicholas Pearse, AprU 18, 1849; John Noel, May 13, 1853; John Lig- 
 gett, April 13, 1858; John W. Deal, April 15, 1861; Mathew P. Welsh, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1866; John A. Seiders, April 8, 1869; Daniel O. Gehr, April 21, 
 1877. E. W. Curriden, November 14, 1884; James Sweney, October 19, 1886. 
 
 Clay Lick.— Elam B. Winger, April 21, 1862; Joseph W. Winger, Febru- 
 ary 17, 1866; Jacob M. Winger, December 2, 1874; Albert C. Winger, March 
 21, 1881; Jacob M. Winger, February 11, 1885; William B. Zullinger, July 
 24, 1886. 
 
 Concord. — Edward W. Doyle, April 1, 1811; Edward Doyle, January 16, 
 1816; James Wilson, April 3, 1826; William B. Pumroy, June 15, 1849; Will- 
 iam Johnston, June 10, 1853; Solomon B. Hockenberg, March 13, 1861; Til- 
 lie E. McElheny, March 20, 1886; Eachel J. McElheny, April 10, 1886. 
 
 Doylesburgh.— Philip T. Doyle, May 23, 1854; Joseph M. Doyle, April 29, 
 1856; John Goshorn, February 11, 1865; Isaac Clugston, December 15, 1869; 
 Alva C. Clugston, February 6, 1879. 
 
 Dry Run. — William Campbell, Jr., February 5, 1825; James Ferguson, 
 May 27, 1839; Thomas Wilson, April 27, 1849; John E. Kerr, December 1, 
 1853; William W. Piles, January 16, 1854; Henry S. Doyle, June 21, 1856; 
 James H. Craig, February 23, 1859 ; James M. Bankin, June 29, 1861 ; George 
 E. Stewart, September 27, 1866; William H. H. McCoy, March 19, 1869; 
 Wilson H. Coons, January 6, 1882; J. B. Elder, July 30, 1885. 
 
 Edenville. — Levi L. Springer, December 21, 1882; William C. Hartman, 
 November 9, 1885. 
 
 Fannettsburgh — James Sweeney, March 30, 1809; Chamber Anderson, April 
 11, 1820; James Brewster, December 19, 1834; Jacob Flickinger, April 14, 
 1838; William Uttz, June 14, 1839; John Kyle, May 16, 1845; Mary Kvle, 
 October 5, 1848; William W. Skinner, September 23, 1850; John S. Skinner, 
 May 1, 1854; Mary Kyle, July 19, 1853; John S. Skinner, May 1, 1854; George 
 W. Swank, February 6, 1855; John Kegerries, November 1, 1855; Mary A. 
 Kegerries, June 7, 1860; George A. Miller, December 22, 1870; Eobert E. 
 Typer, October 23, 1873; John J. Basore, January 6, 1875; Jacob B. Wine- 
 man, December 9, 1885. 
 
 FayettevUle. — John Darby, September 4, 1826; Frederick Ashbaugh, 
 March 20, 1827; James D. Rea, December 27, 1831; Charles P. Cummings, 
 June 14, 1832; William B. Cummings, October 21, 1835; R. M. French, Jan- 
 uary 24, 1837; Joseph Boggs, June 22, 1841; R. M. French, July 29, 1845; 
 Mary A. French, April 8, 1846; Hiram Heysinger, September 27, 1855; Will- 
 iam Richey, April 24, 1857; David F. Richey, October 18, 1859; Joseph Boggs, 
 June 17, 1861; Upton J. Cook, January 23, 1866; Jacob Oyler, August 29, 
 1866; WiUiam N. Horner, March 19, 1869; John D. Boggs, January 6, 1882; 
 John N. Baxter, September 14, 1885. 
 
 Five Forks.— William H. Brown, March 5, 1873. 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 225 
 
 Foltz. — Appleton Berger, April 2, 1880; Thomas O. Bradley, November 1, 
 1882; George F. Grove, May 15, 1884; John A. Wister, August 24, 1885. 
 
 Fort Loudon (late Loudon). — Thomas G. McGuire, June 22, 1883; John 
 H. Metz, July 30, 1885. 
 
 Greencastle.— John Watson, April 4, 1797; David Watson, June 29, 1837; 
 Jacob F. Kreps, July 7, 1845; George Eby, February 27, 1849; William W. 
 Fleming, April 9, 1849; William McCrary, June 11, 1858; George Eby, May 
 28, 1861; Eli Fuss, July 29, 1868; George H. Miller, May 6, 1869; Henry P. 
 Prather, December 18, 1871. 
 
 Green Village. — James McAnulty, September 12, 1827; John E. McGaw, 
 March 9, 1832; Thomas Stuxgis, April 16, 1832; William Blankney, FeBTuary 
 22, 1833; Charles W. Lego, June 18, 1841; William Blankney, February 3, 
 1843; John P. Wallace, May 4, 1849; Thomas H. Wallace, November 28, 1881; 
 John Ditzlear, September 23, 1885. 
 
 Greenwood Mills, (late Black's Gap). — Robert Black, September 29, 1869; 
 changed to Black's Gap, February 9, 1870. 
 
 Jackson Hall. — John S. Kerr, May 12, 1827; Frederick Eoemer, Febru- 
 ary 2, 1830; John P. Baker, March 16, 1835; William McCleary, May 80, 
 1837 j John Underlich, April 11, 1839; John C. Tritle, June .21, 1853; 
 Thomas C. Fitzgerald, September 19, 1854; Jacob C. Snyder, Jiily 5, 1860; 
 John McKnight, May 8, 1861; Jeremiah Y. Herman, March 30, 1868; James 
 
 A. Davidson, December 22, 1870; Charles A. W. Baker, March 20, 1872; Fred- 
 erick J. Pfoutz, March 27, 1879 ; changed to New Franklin August 21, 1882. 
 
 Keeffer's Store. — Lewis Keeffer, August 25, 1849; Isaac H. Thompson, 
 July 29, 1853; Lewis Keeffer, December 29, 1854; Jonathan Strine, Decem- 
 ber 20, 1855; discontinued, December 5, 1856; re-established, with Philip 
 D. Weaver, postmaster. May 13, 1858; George Westhafer, December 12, 
 1859; discontinued, April 18, 1864; re-established with WUiam Karper, 
 postmaster, October 20, 1864; discontinued, February 9, 1871. 
 
 Keefers. — Jacob A. Karper, December 9, 1879; Daniel G. Hoover, March 
 10, 1882; Jacob A. Karper, September 24, 1883; Joshua A. Phillips, Novem- 
 ber 19, 1884. 
 
 Lemasters (late Bridgeport MiUs). — Samuel Plum, April 6, 1877; Edgar 
 
 B. Diehl, May 11, 1885. 
 
 Loudon. — Nicholas Baker, May 2, 1814; William H. Brotherton April 8, 
 1817; Alexander Elder, February 1, 1819; William H. Brotherton, , June 27, 
 1821; John Easton, October 18, 1823; Benjamin Stinger, December 24, 1828; 
 Hugh L. McGaw, February 14, 1831; William Minich, October 11, 1833; 
 Jane Minich, August 5, 1S50; John Mullan, December 10, 1852; Jacob Sny- 
 der, July 5, 1860; Eliza L. B. Madden, December 4, 1861; John Thompson, 
 December 14, 1863; John H. Jarrett December 28, 1866; William Burgess, 
 March 19, 1869; Hettie A. Easton, June 28, 1872; Thomas G. Maguire, 
 October 2, 1878; changed to Fort Loudon, June 22, 1883. (This office was 
 at one time called Loudontown. ) 
 
 Lurgan.— D. D. Swanger, February 27, 1886; MaryE. Swanger, April 14, 
 1886. 
 
 Marion.— William Martin, March 2, 1883; Abraham Scott, April 5, 1834; 
 Emanuel Kuhn, January 21, 1835; John S. Scheible, March 29, 1887; John 
 Clugston, April 2, 1838; Jacob Greenawalt, July 9, 1847; Jacob A. Swigert, 
 October 9, 1865; Andrew Statler, March 10, 1874; Samuel S. Ledy, October 
 19, 1885. 
 
 Mason & Dixon. —Abraham B. Barnhart, May 15, 1868; Jacob H. Brewer, 
 April 25, 1871; Hui-on A. Huyett, July 17, 1872; Henry B. Harnish, Octo- 
 
226 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ber 9, 1875; Frank H. McLaughlin, May 25, 1877; Henry P. McLaughlin, 
 March 25, 1886. 
 
 Mercersburgh.— James Bahn, January 1, 1803; George King, October ], 
 1803; James McCoy, January ], 1808; William B. Guthrie, January 22, 
 1813; Peter W. Little, February 11, 1822; Robert King, May 5, 1827; Elli- 
 ott T. Lane, July 15, 1829; Daniel Shaffer, April 30, 1834; Thomas P. Bard, 
 June 24, 1841; Daniel Shaffer, January 21, 1845; Sarah H. Findlay, April 
 18, 1849; Eliza Carson, April 14, 1853; Maggie G. Grove, March 29, 1861; 
 John Hoch, September 26, 1866; Elizabeth Eice, March 6, 1867; Wilson L. 
 Harbaugh, February 17, 1879; W. A. Shannon, July 24, 1885 (at first called 
 Messer burgh). 
 
 Metal (late Carrick Furnace). — Alvin W. Horning, May 19, 1884; George 
 W. Swank, April 16, 1886. 
 
 Midvale.— M. R. Nevin, February 24, 1881; Oscar W. Good, March 24, 
 1881; Jacob F. Good, November 28, 1881. 
 
 Mongul.— William A. Baer, April 14, 1882. 
 
 Mont Alto. — John Kuhn, December 14, 1843; discontinued, December 9, 
 1845; re-established with Peter Heefner, August 15, 1846; Joseph P. Walter, 
 April 21, 1848; Ephraim J. Small, May 29, 1849; Peter Heefner, July 15, 
 1853; George W. Toms, August 27, 1853; discontinued, June 22, 1855; re- 
 established with George W. Toms, June 30, 1855; Ephraim J. Small, Octo- 
 ber 6, 1855; John Small, November 21, 1857; John Keis, May 28, 1861; 
 Ralph Smith, May 17, 1866; Henry Shiery, October 17, 1866; Ephi-aim J. 
 Shank, April 10, 1869; David Ziegler, April 24, 1873; David Knepper, Janu- 
 ary 9, 1882; Edward M. Small, July 24, 1885. 
 
 Monterey Springs. — Henry Tingling, September 28, 1870; changed to Blue 
 Ridge Summit, April 5, 1876. 
 
 Mount Parnell.— John Mullan, April 3, 1862; Charles Gillan, April 6, 
 1866; James D. McDowell, April 1, 1878; John A. Gillan, March 2, 1880; 
 Alexander Dale, March 28, 1881 ; discontinued, August 19, 1881. 
 
 Mowers ville. — Jacob H. Snoke, March 3, 1868; A. S. Bashore, February 
 
 8, 1875; Andrew B. Gross, October 15, 1879; Samuel Taylor, March 15, 1881; 
 David E. Frehn, September 23, 1885; James F. Geyer, March 25, 1886. 
 
 New Bridge. — ^Harmon P. Piper, September 8, 1868. 
 
 New Franklin (late Jackson Hall). — Jeremiah Hoover, August 21, 1882. 
 
 New Guilford. — George Trittle, December 17, 1849; discontinued, August 
 31, 1852; re-established with Jacob Snyder, December 17, 1852; Nathan R. 
 Hutchinson, January 9. 1856; John L. Wingert, December 27, 1856; John. 
 Wolfkill, October 17, 1859; discontinued, February 27, 1866. 
 
 Opher. — John H. McMullen, April 16, 1883; discontinued, January 12, 
 1885. 
 
 Orrstown. — James B. Orr, June 26^ 1836; William L. Smith, March 19, 
 1849; Ephraim Bear, April 26, 1850; Jacob R. Zearfoss, March 4, 1852; Henry 
 Ruby, January 18, 1853; Cyrus B. Ruby, October 9, 1855; James B. Orr, 
 May 24, 1857; William Orr, Jr., March 12, 1858; David T. Bard, December 
 18, 1860; Jacob Kindig, March 25, 1861; Samuel Knisley, March 16, 1864; 
 David L. Powders, January 9, 1872; Samuel Knisley, April 20, 1874; David 
 E. Kendig, December 9, 1875; Lottie A. Kendig, January 5, 1883; Samuel 
 Knisley, July 7, 1884; John A. Zullinger, July 20, 1885. 
 
 Pen Mar.— Charles A. Rouzer, April 16, 1883. 
 
 Pleasant Hall. — Charles Whealan, August 28, 1851; Jonathan Strine, May 
 
 9, 1855; Charles Whealan, December 14, 1855; John S. Myers, May 11, 
 1859; Albert M. Hunter, May 1, 1860; Abraham Keefer, April 20, 1863; 
 
HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 229 
 
 discontinued October 20, 1873; re-established with Isaac Burkholder, post- 
 master, January 13, 1876; Abraham W. Hoover, February 14, 1882. 
 
 Quiney.— Jacob Byer, March 27, 1830; George Wertz, November 2, 1832; 
 changed to Antietam July 16, 1839. 
 
 Quiney (late Antietam). — James McKinley, September 2, 1841; Jacob 
 Firor, May 28, 1846; William B. Baby, December 15, 1846; John B. Way- 
 nant, December 14, 1848; Jacob S. Zeigler, March 22, 1849; David Piper, 
 August 12, 1852; Hugh Logan, June 11, 1853; John R. Smith, December 21, 
 1853; George A. Anderson, May 2, 1854; discontinued October 12, 1860; re- 
 established with David Wertz, October 31, 1860; John E. Smith, October 
 3, 1866; Samuel Secrist, October 24, 1866; William B. Eaby, January 20, 
 1868; Elam B. Wingar, Mai-ch 19, 1869; David Sommers, May 8, 1871; 
 Christian W. Good, July 1, 1874; Levi C. Kefmer, January 16, 1878; Benja- 
 min E. Summer, August 6, 1885. 
 
 Eichmond Furnace. — William Burgess, May 23, 1872; Charles Ho£Pman, 
 December 7, 1876; John A. Diehl, March 18, 1878. 
 
 Eocky Spring.— Barnard Fohl, May 4, 1839; Robert E. Tolbert, March 
 7, 1844; discontinued April 1, 1847. 
 
 Rowzersville. — Samuel Gonder, January 22, 1873; Charles H. Buhrman, 
 June 26, 1873; Anie E. Gresanam, December 13, 1880. 
 
 Eoxbury. — William_^Eeynolds, February 5, 1822; Godlieb Wunderlich, Jan- 
 uary 17, 1823; Thomas* Eumroy, May 1, 1826; William I. Thompson, March 
 12, 1832; George A. Dougherty, February 3, 1837; Eobert Gilmore, March 
 
 14, 1839; Samuel Stailey, June 24, 1841; William Deardorff, April 1, 1851; 
 William J. G. Thompson, April 7, 1852; John Taylor, January 20, 1853; 
 Esrom D. Weaver, October 9, 1855; George W. Saltsman, April 9, 1861; John 
 M. Saltsman, December 18, 1862; Eobert A. Hamilton, November 23, 1885. 
 
 Saint Thomas. — James Edwards, February 21, 1824; William G. Sterrett, 
 March 20, 1832; James Edwards, April 20, 1835; Henry Smith, April 18, 
 1837; Daniel S. Hossler, December 7, 1848; Barnard Fohl, May 4, 1849; 
 Christian W. Burkholder, July 7, 1853; William D. Dickson, January 14, 
 1858; Barnard Fohl, March 29, 1861; Michael H. Keyser, September 22, 
 1862; William D. Dickson, March 19, 1869; William L. Gillem, October 10, 
 1872; Cyrus C. Gelwicks, August 14, 1885. 
 
 Scotland. — George E. Mcllroy, June 29, 1849; James W. Dunmire, April 
 
 15, 1854; James S. Chambers, July 5, 1861; William Wallace, Jr., April 25, 
 1866; Henry Sleichter, June 15, 1869; John G. Youst, April 4, 1881; Will- 
 iam L. Craig, August 4, 1885. 
 
 Shady Grove. — Charles McCauley, April 15, 1852; Jacob B. Waynant, 
 May 13, 1854; discontinued, April 25, 1856. 
 
 Shady Grove. — Frank B. Snively, December 7, 1860; Melchi Snively, May 
 4, 1879; William T. Phillips, August 24, 1885; John F. Wilt, April 29, 1886. 
 
 Spring Eun. — William A. Mackey, November 13, 1850; Isaac Clugston, 
 November 22, 1858; William A. Mackey, July 5, 1861; William M. Nesbitt, 
 August 21, 1877; William S. Elliott, September 7, 1880; Daniel Wolff, March 
 20, 1883. 
 
 State Line. — David Brumbaugh, Jr., February 9, 1830; Joseph Gilbert, 
 May 28, 1834; Jacob Pelmlee, April 2, 1838; Gearhart Brenner, April 1, 1843; 
 William Martin, June 12, 1843; Jacob Felmlee, August 15, 1844; discontin- 
 ued, Fel a ^3, 1845; re-established with John Eearick, postmaster, Jan- 
 uary 6, 1. ■• aiel S. Barnhart, June 20, 1857; John Eearigh, August 15, 
 1859; John A. Orr, September 10, 1861; Daniel B. Hade, June 17, 1869; 
 
 13 
 
230 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 George W. Harbaugh, June 15, 1874; Jacob A. Witmer, September 10, 1875;^ 
 Henry E. Harnish, June 7, 1877; Philip N. Brumbaugh, August 24, 1885. 
 
 Stone Bridge. — Isaac Kuhn, September 22, 1873; discontinued May 6, 
 1875. 
 
 Strasburgh.— George Beaver, July 1, 1797; George McClellan, April 28, 
 1798; William McClellan, August 4, 1823; changed to Upper Strasburgb 
 February 28, 1829. 
 
 Sylvan. — John Zimmerman, June 6, 1843. 
 
 Sylvan.— William Bowers, February 3, 1837; discontinued, February 
 
 9, 1842. 
 
 Upper Strasburgh (late Strasburgh). — William McClellan, February 28, 
 1829; James McFarland, March 14, 1839; John Grove, July 2, 1841; William 
 Gilmor, December 26, 1844; William S. Doyle, May 9, 1849; John Grove, 
 June 10, 1850; Philip Karper, July 14, 1853; Josephus M. Wolf kill, November 
 2, 1855; Samuel Gilmore, June 9, 1858; James S. Slyder, July 5, 1861; 
 William W. Britton, March 24, 1865; Frederick C. Karper, December 10, 
 1880; Jacob V. B. Leedy, May 11, 1885. 
 
 Upton (late Whitestown). — George Cook, July 24, 1837; Eobert J. Boyd, 
 November 15, 1867. 
 
 Warren Point. — Archibald S. Winger, February 11, 1878; discontinued 
 August 26, 1878. 
 
 *Waynesborough. — Michael Stoner, December 19, 1807; Joseph Deardorf, 
 September 22, 1830; Thomas Walker, February 28, 1833; Michael M. Stoner, 
 May 2, 1837; John W. Stoner, December 17, 1840; James Brotherton, July 
 19, 1845; James Brotherton, Jr., February 15, 1849; Jacob E. Welsh, June 
 13, 1853; Thomas G. Pilkington, May 28, 1861; Nancy Pilkington, February 
 
 10, 1863; Andrew G. Nevin, September 30, 1864; Jacob E. Welsh, November 
 26, 1866; Andrew G. Nevin, May 6, 1869; Matilda E. Nevin, February 5, 
 1875; George Middow, January 19, 1882; James P. Lowell, March 12, 1886. 
 
 Welsh Eun.— John Eldon,May 17,1830; James Watson, February 16, 1832; 
 Thomas Bowles, February 16, 1839; William H. Craig, June 18, 1859; Thomas 
 Bowles, February 18, 1862; John E. Stover, December 27, 1877; Henry G. 
 Chritzman, December 12, 1881; Frank T. Elliott, December 3, 1884. 
 
 Whitestown. — George Cook, July 10, 1837; changed to tjpton, July 24, 
 1837. 
 
 Williamson.— E. H. Hagerman, August 20, 1872; Upton G. Hawbecker, 
 September 23, 1885. 
 
 Willow Hill.— Charles Fleming, September 24, 1878; Edgar S. Bock, 
 April 24, 1882. 
 
 Wingerton. — Philip Wiesner, January 22, 1884. 
 
 Yetter.— Christian Yetter, May 17, 1881; discontinued February 16, 1882. 
 
 ZuUinger.— David Zullinger, February 23, 1882. 
 
 Zero.— Lewis Eipple, February 7, 1837; John P. Baker, July 28, 1838;. 
 discontinued, April 10, 1839. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 The Cumberland Valley Eailroad is the oldest road in this section, and 
 among the pioneer roads of the country. Its history is the history of the rail- 
 roads of this valley, as well as the interesting story of the simpler, crude 
 beginnings that have grown into the great railroad system of the country. 
 The simplest statement of the facts is a story full of interest to the general 
 reader. 
 
 The Cumberland Valley Eailroad Company was chartered by the Legisla- 
 ture of Pennsylvania on the 2d of April, 1831, to construct a railroad from 
 
 *Fir8t called *' Waynesburgh or Waynesboro." ' ' " 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 231 
 
 Carlisle to a point on the Susquehanna Eiver at or near Harrisburg. The 
 charter, having expired by limitation of time, was revived by an act of Assem- 
 bly of the 15th of April, 1835, and authority extended to construct the road 
 from the Susquehanna River to Shippensburg and Chambersburg. In accord- 
 ance with the provisions of the charter, in order to organize the company, an 
 election for officers and managers was held on the 27th of June, 1835, in 
 the borough of Carlisle with the following results: President, Thomas G. Mc- 
 CoUoh, of Chambersburg; treasurer, Joseph B. Mitchell, of Philadelphia; 
 secretary, Abraham Hendel, of Carlisle; managers, Samuel Alexander, 
 Charles B. Penrose, Lewis Harlan, Frederick Watts, John K. NefP, John 
 Grigg, David Mahon, Frederick Byers, Philip Berlin, Thpmas Chambers, 
 Charles S. Border, George W. Himes. The board of managers, at a meeting 
 held on the 2l8t of August, 1835, selected William Milner Roberts for chief 
 engineer. 
 
 On the 23d of October, 1835, Mr. W. Milner Roberts reported to the 
 board of directors the results of his survey of the line from the Susquehanna 
 River, opposite Harrisburg to Chambersburg. He estimated the cost of build- 
 ing the road to a connection with the Harrisburg & Lancaster Railroad, 
 including the bridge across the Susquehanna at 1564,064, and the average 
 annual receipts of the road at $284,617.50. He calculated on 100 
 passengers each way per day at 3 cents per mile, and 35,000 tons of through 
 freight and 51,950 tons of local freight, all at the rate of 4^ cents per ton per 
 mile. 
 
 On February 21, 1836, the Pennsylvania Legislature granted authority to 
 bridge the Susquehanna and connect with the Pennsylvania Canal, and the 
 Harrisburg, Portsmouth, Mount Joy & Lancaster Railroad, and authorized 
 the managers of the Cumberland Valley Railroad to manage for uninterrupted 
 communication of trade and travel between Chambersburg and Philadelphia. 
 
 The Cumberland Valley Railroad was opened for travel from White Hill to 
 Carlisle in August, 1837, and through to Chambersburg in November of the 
 same year. The first locomotive and cars were hauled across the Harrisburg 
 Bridge (a part of which still stands), and over the turnpike to White Hill. 
 The locomotive had two driving wheels, wooden spokes, was named " Cumber- 
 land Valley," and was built by William Norris in Philadelphia,. The passen- 
 ger cars were like the old stage coaches. They had been run on the State road 
 from PhDadelphia to Columbia, and would seat, inside and out, fourteen pas- 
 sengers each. The railroad track consisted of cross ties laid four and a half 
 feet apart upon the ground without ballast, upon which were laid oak stringers 
 5x9 inches, on which bar iron five-eighths of an inch thick and two and a 
 quarter inches wide was spiked. The ends of the iron bars were mitred, and 
 the bar which extended on the inside of the track would become pressed 
 away from its connection, so as to be caught on the flange of the wheels 
 going in an opposite direction, causing them to turn up against the bottom, 
 and sometimes through the car. As a protection against the turning up of 
 bars, the bottoms of the cars, were covered with two-inch plank, inside of 
 which was a lining of boiler plate, and at the time the road was opened to 
 Chambersburg, the iron was not laid for about three miles from Chambersburg, 
 and the cars were run in on the wooden stringers. 
 
 The railroad bridge across the Susquehanna was built in 1837-38, and 
 completed in January, 1839, when on the 16th of that month it was opened for 
 travel and connection made with the Harrisburg & Lancaster Railroad. A 
 poster, bearing pictures of the primitive locomotive and train, was issued by 
 Mr. T. G. McColloh, president of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, January 
 
232 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 25, 1839, announcing that "on the first day of the next February the regular 
 train of passenger cars would commence running as follows : 
 
 "Leave Chambersburg at 4 o'clock in the morning; arrive at Harrisburg 
 at 8, at Lancaster at 12, and at Philadelphia before 6 P. M. Returning, it 
 will leave Harrisburg as soon as the cars from Philadelphia arrived, about 5 
 o'clock in the evening, and arrive at Chambersburg at 10 P. M." 
 
 The first sleeping-car ever used on any railroad was put in use on the Cum- 
 berland Valley Eailroad in the spring of 1839, a historical fact of great import- 
 ance, because it was the first of the kind in the world. The berths were 
 upholstered boards, in three rows, one above the other, held by leather straps, 
 and in the daytime were folded back against the walls — very simple and plain 
 in construction, but comfortable, and in all essential features the germ of the 
 luxurious sleeper of the present day. At that time travel between Philadel- 
 phia and Pittsburgh was by rail to Chambersburg, and stage from Chambers- 
 burg to Pittsburgh. Passengers going east reached Chambersburg about mid- 
 night, and left about 1 A. M. , reaching Harrisburg about 5 A. M. 
 
 The oldest extant report of the operations of the Cumberland Valley 
 Railroad was made by President McCoUoh for the year 1839. In it he deplores 
 ' ' the general financial depression of the coimtry, due to the error which has 
 everywhere prevailed, of forcing public improvements further than the means 
 of the country would justify." ".We start," he says, " with half means, and 
 are then forced to finish on credit at a ruinous cost, and one experience has 
 been an example of this prevailing error." He finds hope, however, in the 
 fact that ' ' we are an energetic and elastic people, and with care and economy 
 our wonted prosperity will soon be attained." He announces the purchase of 
 three locomotives for 121,250, and two passenger cars at $4,175; that two 
 passengers and one freight train are run each day between Chambersburg and 
 Harrisburg, and that no injury has been done to any passenger since the road 
 has been operated — two and one-half years. 
 
 On the 27th of April, 1840, Thos. G. McCoUoh tendered his resignation as 
 president of the company, and on, the same day Chas. B. Penrose, of Carlisle, 
 was elected by the board of managers to fill his place. 
 
 On the 26th of April, 1841, Chas. B. Penrose tendered his resignation of 
 the presidency of the company, having accepted the position of solicitor of 
 the treasury, under the administration of Gen. Harrison, at Washington! 
 Upon its acceptance, on the same day Frederick Watts was unanimously 
 chosen by the board to fill the position, which he held for thirty -two continu- 
 ous years. 
 
 The next report of which we find a copy was made by Hon. Frederick 
 Watts, president for the year 1842, in which he states that the universal de- 
 pression of the last few years has had its effect upon the business of the com- 
 pany; but that it is hoped that prosperity will again bless the country, and if 
 it does, he is confident that the stock of the Cumberland Valley Railroad will 
 be profitable to its owners. The total earnings for the year were $70,116.82. 
 For the year 1849 the earnings were $101,084.77, and the tonnage, which 
 is for the fii-st time shown, was 37,439, of which 7,818. was flour, 5,126 ore, 
 4, 247 coal, 2, 123 grain, 2, 237 lumber. It is stated in the report for the year 
 1849 that " arrangements have been made to relay the road with heavy T 
 rail." 
 
 In March, 1832, the Franklin Railroad was chartered by the Pennsylvania 
 Legislature, and on January 16, 1837, by the Legislature of Maryland. The 
 road was built from Chambersburg to Greencastle in 1837, and to Hagerstown 
 in 1841. It was run by steam-power for two years, when an arrangement was 
 
HISTORY OF IKAKKLIN COUNTY. 233 
 
 made with the Cumberland Valley Eailroad to operate the line and its own motive 
 power was sold. It is worthy of note that the first cab ever put on a locomo- 
 tive was placed on one of the Franklin Railroad locomotives, named ' ' Wash- 
 ington," at the shops of the Cumberland Valley Eailroad, in Chambersburg, 
 in 1841. The Franklin Railroad was only operated a short time by the Cum- 
 berland Valley Eailroad, when steam-power was withdrawn, and it was then 
 operated by Mr. D. O. Gehr, of Chambersburg, with horse-power. It was 
 never profitable, and was sold several times, until, in I860,- it was rebuilt and 
 laid with T rails. The Cumberland Valley then contracted to run it, and, 
 with some changes in the contract, continued to do so, except during the time 
 of its possession and partial destruction by the rebels, until 1865, when the 
 two roads consolidated. 
 
 In October, 1862, the rebels destroyed the shops and depot buildings in 
 Chambersburg, and on June 15, 1863, they made another raid, destroying all 
 company property in the town, and tearing up and destroying five miles of the 
 track of the Franklin Railroad. 
 
 The rebel raid and burning of Chambersburg July, 1864, also caused the 
 company great inconvenience and loss. 
 
 Id. 1871 the Southern Pennsylvania Railroad was opened from Marion to 
 Richmond, Penn. , and leased by the Cumberland Valley Railroad. 
 
 In the year 1872 the Mont Alto Railroad was completed from a point near 
 Scotland to Mont Alto. 
 
 In 1873 the Hon. Frederick Watts, who had been president of the Cum- 
 berland Valley Railroad for thirty-two years, declined a re-election, as he had 
 accepted the position of commissioner of agriculture at Washington, and Mr. 
 Thomas B. Kennedy, of Chambersburg, was elected president. In this year 
 the Martinsburg & Potomac Railroad was completed, and leased by the Cum- 
 berland Valley Railroad. 
 
 In June, 1882, the Shenandoah Valley Railroad was opened from Hagers- 
 town to a connection with the Norfolk & Western Railroad, at Roanoke, Va. , 
 making a through line via the Cumberland Valley, between the northeast and 
 southwest. From the year 1837 up to this time the business of the Cumber- 
 land Valley Railroad had been entirely local, that is, it had originated or ter- 
 minated at local points on its road. 
 
 The management of the Cumberland Valley Railroad has always been in 
 close sympathy with the patrons of the road, giving all possible accommoda- 
 tions, and the benefit of the best transportation facilities of the times, keeping 
 pace in improvements with the best and most enterprising railroad companies 
 of the country. 
 
 The Old "Tape Worm!'' Line was chartered about the same time the Cum- 
 berland Valley Railroad was — or in 1835. This was the day of the rage of 
 internal improvements in the country. Thad. Stevens stood sponsor to this 
 enterprise for many years. He was then a resident of Gettysburg, and had 
 iron mills in Franklin County, and he wanted a railroad to his mills. The 
 charter was for a road to start at Gettysburg, to run into Franklin County and 
 then turn south, tapping the heart of the southern country wherever it was 
 advisable and most convenient. The State made a large appropriation to the 
 road, and the managers, when they came to spend the money, commenced 
 all along the line. The result was, a great deal of money was expended, 
 the appropriations were exhausted, the State internal improvement scheme 
 collapsed, and the work stopped, and not a mile of the road was completed, 
 and practically this was the end of the "Tape Worm." 
 
 The Harrisburg & Potomac Railroad was chartered in 1870, as the 
 
234 HISTOKY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Mermar Iron & Eailroad Company. Its chief promoters were Daniel V. and 
 Peter A. Ahl, of Newville. It was originally intended to pass through the 
 county via Shippensburg, Mont Alto, Quincy and Waynesboro, but owing to 
 financial difficulties was never completed. 
 
 The Baltimore & Cumberland Valley Railroad was organized in 1876, to 
 run from Chambersburg by a direct line through Waynesboro to a junction 
 with the Western Maryland Railroad, at a point on the west slope of the 
 Blue Ridge, two and one-half miles east of Smithsburg, and seventy-two miles 
 west from Baltimore, the line to be built in the interest of the Western 
 Maryland Road, and, when constructed, leased by it and operated. The length 
 of the line, twenty-one miles, made the distance from Chambersburg to 
 Baltimore ninety-three miles, thus lessening the old route, via Harrisburg, 
 forty miles. The road was built, and May 18, 1886, the Cumberland Valley 
 Railroad Extension Company leased the line to the Western Maryland Rail- 
 road, at an annual rental of 132, 700. This is one of the most valuable lines 
 now in Franklin County. It opens up to the trade of the county, not only a 
 competing line to the eastern ports, b6t is the great highway to the South — 
 to Memphis, New Orleans, Savannah and all southern points. 
 
 Mont Alto Railroad. — In 1872 the Mont Alto Railroad, extending from Mont 
 Alto to a connection with the Cumberland Valley Railroad at a point three 
 and one-half miles northeast of Chambersburg, was built by the Mont Alto 
 Railroad Company, Geo. B. Wiestling, engineer and superintendent. 
 
 It was opened for business on October 2, 1872. It was ten and one- 
 quarter miles in length. During 1878 and 1879 the line was extended to 
 Waynesboro, Penn. , making the entire line eighteen miles in length. The 
 extensive iron ore fields in the Mont Alto region were largely depended upon 
 to furnish tonnage to the railroad, and it is only in prosperous stages of the 
 iron business that this can be realized. 
 
 In 1875 the magnificent summer resort, Mont Alto Park, was improved 
 and opened by Geo. B. Wiestling, and has received the evidence of high 
 appreciation by the liberal patronage bestowed upon it by the public. 
 
 Mont Alto Iron WorHs consist of a blast-furnace, steam bloomary, re- 
 finery, machine shops, foundry, blacksmith, carpenter and wheel-wright shops, 
 charcoal kilns, two saw- mills, seventeen developed iron mines, seven farms and 
 20,000 acres of ore and timber lands. In prosperous times it employs 500 
 men, 75 horses and mules and 21 steam engines. 
 
 The furnace was built in 1807-08, by Daniel and Samuel Hughes, of 
 Maryland. At first it was what is known as a " quarter stack," and was 31 
 feet high, and 8 feet diameter of boshes. It' was operated with cold blast; 
 the water-wheel was 30 feet in diameter. The first output was from two to three 
 tons per day of pig iron, but this only accumulated hands for want of transpor- 
 tation. To reach markets, the pig iron was hauled by wagon to the Potomac 
 River, at "Williamsport, and then waited for a rise in the water, to be taken 
 down on flat-boats. 
 
 A foundry was built in 1815, and then the pig iron was made into stoves 
 and hollow ware on the grounds, which were then wagoned to Baltimore. For 
 some time the iron was not remelted to cast, but was dipped out of the fur- 
 nace and poured into the molds. A cupola furnace was put up, and then the 
 iron was remelted. 
 
 In 1811 the Messrs. Hughes brought over an expert, Mr. Overmeyer. He 
 leased land in East Antietam Valley, five miles fi-om Mont Alto, and erected a 
 bloomary, forge and saw-mill, and commenced manufacturing hammered bar 
 iron. In 1832 a rolling-mill was piit up near the bloomary, on East Antietam 
 
HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 235 
 
 'Creek. This was at that time supposed to have the best power of any mill in 
 the country, and therefore could roll the largest bars of iron. 
 
 In 1835 the Messrs. Hughes built nail works near the above rolling-mill. 
 These were eventually burned. 
 
 In 1864 the entire Mont Alto plant was purchased by the Mont Alto 
 Iron Company, Geo. B. Weistling, superintendent. The furnace was enlarged 
 to 37 feet high, and nine feet diameter of boshes; two additional tuyeres were 
 introduced, making it a three-quarter stack, and steam-power was introduced. 
 The output was fifteen tons a day of pig iron. Another enlargement was made 
 in 1880; the stack increased in height, the boshes made nine and one-half 
 feet, and other modem improvements were introduced. Capacity then be - 
 <3ame thirty-five tons of pig iron per day. 
 
 The Caledonia Iron Works were constructed in 1837, by Thad. Stevens 
 and James D. Paxton, in Greene Township. These men were the firm until 1848, 
 when a heavy indebtedness caused a change, and Stevens bought out Paxton, 
 and assumed the entire indebtedness. The new proprietor put Mr. Wm. 
 Hammett in charge as superintendent, who filled the place for' twenty years, 
 and was succeeded by Mr. John Swaney who had charge of them at the time of 
 their destruction in 1863. In the plant were about 20,000 acres of good ore 
 and lumber land. The ore was converted into blooms and marketed in the 
 eastern cities— average price $65 to $75 per ton. It is supposed that Stevens 
 lost considerable money by his iron-mills. The mill and machinery were en- 
 tirely destroyed during the war, by order of Gen. Early. 
 
 Mount Pleasant Iron Works were established by the Chambers, about 
 1783. They afterward passed into the possession of the Kings, Dunns and 
 Doyles, respectively. Through all these various changes, they were operated 
 more or less successfully, until 1829, when they were permanently closed. 
 Being among the earliest of iron-mills in the country, they served in their time 
 a valuable purpose. 
 
 The Carrick furnace, four miles north of the Mount Pleasant works, was 
 the substitute that made the latter such a prime necessity. The Carrick fur- 
 nace was erected about 1830, and continued to be operated through various 
 changes, until 1844, when it closed down for want of patronage. 
 
 The Eichmond furnace, in Metal Township, at the time of the general de- 
 pression of the iron trade of the country, banked its furnaces a,nd closed up. It 
 is fully equipped for the production of iron, and it is the intention to start 
 it again into full operation as soon as a change in the trade will warrant it. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 WAR OF 1812-15. 
 
 Cause of the War— Declaeation of War— Franklin County Companies- 
 Incidents OF THE War. 
 
 FREE trade and sailors' rights" was the Nation's watch -word, that 
 culminated in the second war with Great Britain. The mother country 
 seems to have forgotten that the colonies had relinquished maternal depen- 
 dence, and were living a national existence of their own. The right to search 
 
236 HISTOET OF PBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 our merchant vessels upon the high seas, and also the right to impress seamen, 
 found in such merchant service, was the provoking cause to the national 
 motto given *above. 
 
 June 12, 1812, Congress declared war against Great Britain, and the Presi- 
 dent called upon the people to take up arms. 
 
 It is not proposed here to give a history of the ensuing war. That is a 
 part of the general history of our country. The part taken therein by Franklin 
 County is the boundary limit of this chapter. 
 
 During the three years of hostilities thirteen companies of Franklin 
 Coonty men were recruited and sent to the field of action. Some time before 
 actual hostilities were declared our people anticipated the coming struggle, 
 and in the towns, villages and rural districts the nuclei of military organiza- 
 tions were formed. A large number of these was found in this county, 
 many of them ready on short notice to march in effective martial display to the 
 front. We have the names of the Antrim Greens, a rifle company of BO 
 men; Franklin County Light Dragoons, 41 men — captain, Mathew Fatten ;. 
 Mercersburg Eifles, 72 rank and file — captain, James McDowell; Concord 
 Light Infantry, 30 men — captain, Michael Harper; Chambersburg Union Vol- 
 imteers, 51 men — captain, Jeremiah Snider. These companies at once ten- 
 dered their services, through County Brigade Inspector WiUiam McCleUan, to> 
 the Government. 
 
 The first detachment of troops left the county September 5, 1812. This 
 was composed of the Union Volunteers, the Franklin Riflemen, the Concord 
 Light Infantry, the Mercersburg Bifles and the Antrim Greens — total, 264, 
 officers and men. The quota of the county was 507, and the deficiency was 
 made up by draft from the militia. Maj. William McCleUan was m command of 
 the detachment. They were sent to the northwest frontier, proceeding there 
 by way of Bedford, Pittsburgh and Meadville, reaching the latter place in 
 September. The troops were there re-organized into four regiments — ^two of 
 rifles and two of infantry. Jeremiah Snider was elected colonel of the First 
 Eegiment, John Purviance, of the Second Eegiment. The four regiments being 
 formed into a brigade, under Gen. Tannahill, Dr. Samuel D. Culbertson, of 
 Chambersburg, was appointed surgeon-in-chief; John McClintock became cap- 
 tain of Snider' 8 company, on latter being made colonel, and Geo. K. Harper was 
 promoted to the vacant lieutenancy in Snider' s company. The companies of 
 Capts. McClintock, Eeges and Harper were in Col. Snider's regiment, and those 
 of Capts. Oaks and Hays in Col. Jared Irwin's regiment. Immediately after 
 the re-organization, the command marched to Buffalo, reaching there in No- 
 vember, where it went into winter quarters, and remained until discharged, their 
 term of enlistment expiring in January, 1813. 
 
 CHAMBEBSBUHG COMPANY. 
 
 Captain — Jeremiah Snider. 
 
 Lieutenant — John McClintock. 
 
 Ensign— Owen Astoij. 
 
 Sergeants — John Stevenson, Alexander Allison, John Calhoun, Andrew Calhoun- 
 
 Corporals— Robert Haslett, William Tillard, H. Ruthrauff, John Reed. 
 
 Musicians— William Donaldson, Henry Bickney. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Timothy Allen. A. L. Grain. Robert Poote. 
 
 John Andrews. Andrew Clunk. Hugh Greenfield. 
 
 Joseph Barnett. David Clouser. Isaac Grier. 
 
 Samuel Beatty. John Cummings. Peter Glossbrenner. 
 
 David Blythe. George Faber. John Hunter. 
 
V>0/1 
 
 v^^ 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 239 
 
 George Heist. 
 Horace Hill. 
 John Hutchinson. 
 Thomas Harvey. 
 Daniel Hood. 
 Andrew Lindsay. 
 James Murray. 
 
 Alexander McConnell. 
 Spencer McKlnney. 
 Elisha Nabb. 
 John Phillipy. 
 John Plummer. 
 Stephen Rigler. 
 William Shannon. 
 
 George Sampson. 
 Moses H. Swan. 
 William Taylor. 
 Joshua Wilson. 
 James Wilson. 
 Bernard Wolf. 
 
 CAPT. EEGES COMPANY. 
 
 Captain — Henry Reges. 
 First lieutenant — Jeremiah Senseny. 
 Second lieutenant — John Musser. 
 First sergeant — Peter Flack. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 John Bayle. 
 John Baughman. 
 Robert Cunningham. 
 John Cook. 
 Edward Crawford. 
 Arthur Dobbin. 
 John Denig. 
 John Essig. 
 Isaac Erwin. 
 John Favorite. 
 John Gilwieks. 
 William Grice. 
 Joseph Good. 
 John Gilmore. 
 
 Philip Grim. 
 Christian John. 
 George W. Lester. 
 Josiah Lemon. 
 Isaiah Lamer. 
 Robert, McMurry. 
 John Mumma. 
 Hugh Marmon. 
 Hugh McConnell. 
 Hugh McNulty. 
 John Martin. 
 Benjamin Matthews. 
 James McConnell. 
 William Pollock. 
 
 Richard Runuion. 
 John Radebaugh. 
 John Robinson. 
 John Reilly. 
 Jacob Snyder. 
 Joseph State. 
 Henry Smith. 
 Thomas Schools. 
 Joseph Severns. 
 Daniel Sailer. 
 John Whitney. 
 James Wise. 
 George Wilson. 
 George Zimmerman. 
 
 CAPT. OAKES' COMPANY. 
 
 Captain — Andrew Oakes. 
 Lieutenant — Thomas Wilson. 
 Ensign— George Zeigler. 
 
 Sergeants— Peter Cramer, Jacob Gudtner, Jacob Fletter, James Pennell. 
 Corporals— William Dugan, George Sharer, Henry Sites, Jacob Garresene, Thomas 
 Brady, John Poper. 
 
 William Bolton. 
 (Jeorge Bettes. 
 Henry Brendlinger. 
 Joseph Byerly. 
 Samuel Bender. 
 William Carroll. 
 Patrick Dugan. 
 Evan Evans. 
 William Foster. 
 Thomas Fletcher. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 John Gaff. 
 John Garner. 
 William Gordon. 
 Richard Keller. 
 Samuel Martin. 
 James McCurdy. 
 Samuel McLaughlin. 
 William Ovelman. 
 Thomas Plummer. 
 William Scully. 
 
 George Shaffer. 
 Samuel Smith. 
 John Snyder. 
 John Sreader. 
 George Stuff. 
 George UUer. 
 Samuel Weidner. 
 Daniel Weidner. 
 Christian Willhelm. 
 
 CAPT. HAY S COMPANY. 
 
 Captain— Patrick Hays. 
 Lieutenant— John Small. 
 Ensign- Samuel Elder. 
 
 Sergeants— James McQuoWn, Jacob Small, Jacob Williams, George Spangler. 
 Corporals— Joseph Herrington, John Donothen, John Mull, Daniel Leer, Jacob Cain, 
 Jacob Wise. 
 
 James Bennett. 
 Isaac Brubaker. 
 Samuel Campbell. 
 Joseph Cunningham. 
 Henry Cline. 
 John Crouch. 
 William Cooper. 
 Samuel Craig. 
 John Clapsaddle. 
 Alexander Dunlap. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 John Dunlap. 
 Fredik Divelbiss 
 David Deitrick. 
 James Elder. 
 Jacob Groscope. 
 Peter Gaster. 
 Jonas Hissong. 
 John Hastier. 
 Abraham Hodskins. 
 John Harris. 
 
 William Hart. 
 John Heart. 
 Jacob Hodskins. 
 John Hallin. 
 James Halland. 
 John King. 
 Peter Kyler. 
 Robert McFarland. 
 James McDowell. 
 William McCurdy. 
 
■240 HISTOKY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Robert McQuown. Samuel Martin. Peter Teach. 
 
 Jolrn Mowry. Charles Pettet. James Walker. 
 
 Campbell Montgomery. Henry SufEecool. Henry Weaver. 
 
 William McQuown. William Stewart. Daniel Welker. 
 
 Charles McPike. 
 
 harper's company from path valley. 
 
 Captain— Michael Harper. 
 
 Lieutenant — William McKinzie. 
 
 Ensign — John Campbell. 
 
 Sergeants— William Irwin, James McKinzie, John Widney, Hugh Barrack. 
 
 Corporals— Jeremiah Baker, Francis McCullogh, Samuel Campbell, James Girmeren. 
 
 privates. 
 
 John Cannon.' James Hockenberry. Isaac Scooly_. 
 
 James Dever. Peter Hockenbery. William Smith. 
 
 Barnabas Donnelly. George Irwin. Richard Scott. 
 
 David Evans. James Linn. James Taylor. 
 
 Barnabas Fegan. Samuel Phillips. Peter Timmons. 
 Jere Hockenberry. 
 
 In 1814, ia obedience to orders from the Government, Gov. Snyder ordered 
 a draft upon the State for troops. Franklin, Cumberland, York and Adams 
 Counties' quota under the caU was 1,000 men, the men from this county to 
 assemble in Loudon on the 1st of March. Capt. Samuel Dunn, of Path Val- 
 ley, had a company of forty men. These at once volunteered. The balance 
 of the county's quota was 175 men. Capt. Samuel Gordon's full company from 
 Washington, and Capt. Stake's partial company from Lurgan, rendezvoused at 
 Loudon, Wm. McClellan in command, who took them to Brie, leaving Loudon 
 March 4. Maj. McClellan' s o£G.cial report says the command, 221 privates, was 
 o£&cered by one major, three captains, five lieutenants, and two ensigns. At 
 Erie they were put in the Fifth Begiment, commanded by Col. James Felton; 
 James Wood, of Greencastle, was major; Thomas Poe, of Antrim, adjutant. 
 The latter was a brave and gallant soldier. He was a man born to command. 
 It is told of him that by the mere power of his presence he quelled an outbreak 
 of his men in camp, and by a word forced them to go quietly to their quarters. 
 He fell mortally wounded at the battle of Chippewa, July 6, 1814. 
 
 Capt. Jacob Stake lived between Koxbury and Strasburg. Dr. W. 0. 
 Lane says of his command: "He went as a captain of drafted men as far as 
 Erie, at which place his company was merged into those of Capts. Dunn 
 and Gordon. " 
 
 Dunn's company. 
 
 Captain — Samuel Dunn. 
 
 First lieutenant — James McConnell. 
 
 Second lieutenant — ^Robert Foote. 
 
 Third lieutenant — John Favorite. 
 
 Ensign — William Geddes. 
 
 Sergeants — John Suively, Samuel Baker, James McHenry, John M. Shannon. 
 
 privates. 
 
 Levi Black. James Connor. Abraham Plagle. 
 
 John Brandt. Samuel Creamer. Jacob Frush. 
 
 Jesse Beams. John Cunningham. Jere Gift. 
 
 George Bryan. James Compton. Hugh Henderson. 
 
 Fredk. Boreaugh. Barnabas Clark. Nehemiah Harvey. 
 
 Anthony Bates. Thomas Cummings. Edward Heil. 
 
 John Barclay. Benj. Davis. Henry Halby. 
 
 John Brewster. Samuel Davenport. Thomas Hays. 
 
 Hugh Baker. John Doyle. Robert Hunter.* 
 
 John Beatty. James Elliott. John Humbert. 
 
 William Buchanan. Robert Elder. Henry Hess. 
 
 Andrew Barclay. Joseph Finger ty. Robert Johnston. 
 
 ♦Afterward colonel of the Fiftietli Begiment. 
 
HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 241 
 
 Enoch Johns. 
 John Krotzer. 
 James Keever. 
 Michael Kester. 
 James Kirkwood. 
 Benjamin Long. 
 David Lightner. 
 Tobias Long. 
 Noah Macliy. 
 John McConnell. 
 Robert McConnell. 
 James Moihead. 
 John McDowell. 
 Adam Meyers. 
 George Macomb. 
 John Miller. 
 William McClure. 
 Samuel Mateer. 
 William Moore. 
 
 John Marshal. 
 James McKim. 
 Absalom Mcllwee. 
 John Murray. 
 Joseph Noble. 
 John Noble. 
 John Over. 
 Joseph Phipps. 
 Thomas Penwell. 
 George Plucher. 
 Mathias Panther. 
 William Reed. 
 Charles Runion. 
 William Ramsay. 
 Philip Roan. 
 Jacob Stevick. 
 Peter Schell. 
 Samuel Swope. 
 John Shell. 
 
 John Smith. 
 John Swanger. 
 Jacob Staley. 
 William Sheets. 
 John Stewart. 
 Barney Shipton. 
 John Stake. 
 David Trindle. 
 William Woods. 
 Richard Wright. 
 John Walker. 
 George Wrist. 
 William Williams. 
 William Westcott. 
 John Young. 
 Robert Young. 
 John Young. 
 Jacob Zettle. 
 
 This company was in service seven months, in the battles of Chippewa and 
 Limdy's Lane; guarded prisoners captured on the frontier to Albany, N. Y. 
 They were mustered out at Albany. 
 
 Gordon's company, march 1, 1814. 
 
 Captain — Samuel Gordon. 
 First lieutenant — William Dick. 
 Second lieutenant — William Patton. 
 Third lieutenant — James Burns. 
 Ensign — ^William Miller. 
 
 Sergeants — Hugh Davison, Charles Miller, James Scott, Josiah Gordon. 
 Corporals — Joseph Arthur, James Hall, Joseph Shilling, John Podman, Philip Mason, 
 William Burgiss. 
 
 Thomas Allen. 
 William Alsip. 
 Martin Beard. 
 Henry Baugher. 
 Benjamin Bump. 
 George Burr. 
 Fred'k Beverson. 
 John Baker. 
 Michael Borer. 
 Jacob Baker. 
 Peter Baker. 
 Michael Bear. 
 Adam Brown. 
 Conrad Croft. 
 John Coon. 
 John Craig. 
 Richard Cahil. 
 William Clem. 
 John Carver. 
 William Clark. 
 Richard Donahoe. 
 William Divelbiss. 
 John Dowman. 
 Edward Detrick. 
 Geo. Davis. 
 Saml. Dean. 
 Jacob Deemer. 
 John Davis. 
 Adam Duncan. 
 Jacob Eby. 
 George Bnsminger. 
 William Edwards. 
 Nathaniel Fips. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Joseph Flora. 
 John Fisher. 
 Michael Fritz. 
 Henry Geiger. 
 George Glaze. 
 Moses Getrich. 
 John Greenly. 
 John Graham. 
 John Huber. 
 Joseph Hoffman. 
 William Hardin. 
 Geo. Harmony. 
 James Hardy. 
 John Hawk. 
 Peter Harger. 
 John L-win. 
 David Johnston. 
 John Jeffery. 
 Nathaniel King. 
 Jacob Keefer. 
 William Kline. 
 William King. 
 Peter Keefer. 
 Mathew King. 
 James Logan. 
 Benj. Lewis. 
 Jacob Liepert. 
 John McColley. 
 John McConnell. 
 Alexander McMullen. 
 Peter Myers. 
 William Miller. 
 John McNeal. 
 
 John McClay. 
 Phillip Myers. 
 William Mahaffy. 
 Murdock Mitchell. 
 John McCurdy. 
 Robt. McClelland. 
 Daniel Mentzer. 
 G. M. Miller. 
 George Miller. 
 George NefE. 
 Joseph Neal. 
 Nathan Phipps. 
 Abraham Piaceare. 
 William Pearslake. 
 Thomas Poe. 
 Erasmus Quarters. 
 Andrew Robertson. 
 William Reesemen. 
 John Ritter. 
 Adam Rankin. 
 Adam Ream. 
 Christopher Sites. 
 Fredk. Sturabaugh. 
 Jacob Stauffer. 
 Nicholas Smith. 
 Jacob Smith. 
 Henry Satin. 
 Joseph Tic'e. 
 James Thompson. 
 Henry Unger. 
 William Wolf. 
 William Whitman. 
 Henry Weaver. 
 
242 
 
 HI8T0BY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 AiTgust 24, 1814, the Americans, under Gen. Winder, were defeated at the 
 battle of Bladensburg; the same day the British entered Washington and 
 burned the capitol and other buildings. This fired anew the hearts of the peo- 
 ple. The people by common impulse rang the bell and assembled in meetings. 
 The people at one of these meetings, in Franklin County, dispatched one of 
 their number as a messenger to the national authorities to learn if more troops 
 were wanted or would be accepted. The news borne by the messenger was 
 gladly received, and word returned that the Government wanted more troops. 
 When the people learned this they gave expressions to their joy, and all the 
 bells of the town were rung, drum and fife corps paraded the streets, and in a 
 few days seven companies were organized, equipped, and on their way to Bal- 
 timore. One of them was a troop of cavalry, from Mercersburg, under Capt. 
 Mathew Patton, which marched to Baltimore, but their services were not 
 accepted as cavalry were not needed, but the majority of the troops determined 
 to go to the war, disposed of their horses, and joined different companies of 
 infantry. 
 
 The following are the rosters of the companies that left the cotinty in the 
 early part of September, 1814: 
 
 OHAMBEBSBURG COMPANY. 
 
 Captain— John Findlay. 
 First lieutenant — John Snider. 
 Second lieutenant — Greenberry Murphy. 
 Ensign — John Hershberger. 
 
 Sergeants — Joseph Severns, Andrew Rea, Henry Smith, Jeremiah Senseny, Jacob 
 Fedder. 
 
 Corporals— John Robison, Geo. W. Lester, Jacob Heck, Jacob Bickley. 
 
 Jacob Abrahams. 
 John Berlin. 
 Peter Bonebrake. 
 John Baxter. 
 James Buchanan. 
 John Brindle. 
 William Bratten. 
 Benj. Blythe. 
 John Baughman. 
 John Bucher. 
 Jacob Bittinger. 
 Abraham Burkholder. 
 Fred'k Best. 
 John Campbell. 
 James Carberry. 
 Conrad Clouse. 
 Daniel Crouse. 
 Joseph Cope. 
 John ClugBton. 
 McFarlin Cammel. 
 Conrad Draher. 
 Daniel Dechert. 
 William Dugan. 
 James Dixon. 
 John Eaton. 
 Simon Eaker. 
 Benj. Firnwalt. 
 Henry JW. 
 Thomas Fletcher. 
 Henry Gauter. 
 
 PKIVATES. 
 
 Jacob George. 
 John Gillespy. 
 Jacob Glosser. 
 John Gelwicks. 
 Michael Helman. 
 Thomas Hall. 
 William Harman. 
 James Huston. 
 Daniel Helman. 
 Isaac Irvin. 
 Thomas Jones. 
 William Einneard. 
 David Keller. 
 Thomas Kaisey. 
 Jacob Laufmau. 
 John Lucas. 
 Reuben Monroe. 
 Robert McAfee. 
 Daniel McAllister. 
 William McKesson. 
 William McKean. 
 William Mills. 
 Samuel McElroy. 
 Soyer McFaggea'. 
 John Milone. 
 David Mentzer. 
 Jacob McPerren. 
 Cammel Montgomery. 
 David Mumma. 
 Ludwick Nitterhouse. 
 
 Samuel Nogel. 
 John Nitterhouse. 
 Jacob Nefl. 
 John Naxon. 
 John Porter. 
 Edward Ruth. 
 Jacob Reichert. 
 John Radebaugh. 
 Elijah Sargeant. 
 Charles Stuard. 
 Samuel Shillitto. 
 Daniel Sharp. 
 William Sipes. 
 Jacob Spitel. 
 Ross Sharp. 
 Joseph Suttey. 
 John Tritler. 
 John Todd. 
 Joseph Wilson. 
 Benj. Wiser. 
 James Walker. 
 Jacob Wolfkill. 
 Josiah Wallace. 
 David White. 
 Matthew Wright. 
 James Westbay. 
 Hugh Woods. 
 William White. 
 George Young. 
 George Zimmerman. 
 
 CULBEBTSON's COMPANY. 
 Captain— Samuel D. Culbertson. 
 First lieutenant— John McCUntock. 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 243 
 
 Second lieutenant— George K. Harper. 
 
 Ensign— John Stevenson. 
 
 Sergeants — Andrew Calhoun, John Calhoun, Stephen Rigler, Alex Allison. 
 
 Corporals — Hugh Greenfield, James Wilson, Samuel Beatty, John Andrew. 
 
 John Arntt. 
 Henry Burchett. 
 John Besore. 
 Samuel Brand. 
 Mathew Besore. 
 George Beaver. 
 James Crawford. 
 Augustus Capron. 
 William Cook. 
 James Campbell. 
 Edward Crawford. 
 Edward Capron. 
 Peter Crayton. 
 John Devine. 
 William Denny. 
 Joseph Duffield. 
 John Denig. 
 John Daugherty. 
 Joseph Erven. 
 Benj. Fahnestock. 
 WHliam Ferry. 
 Isaac Qrier. 
 Jacob Grove. 
 Henry Greenawalt. 
 William Grove. 
 Paul Heoflich. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 John Holmes. 
 William Heyser. 
 Joseph Housem. 
 John Hutchinson. 
 Gteorge Harris. 
 Herman Helfmire. 
 John Hinkle. 
 Michial 8. Johns. 
 William Jamison. 
 George Jasousky. 
 John Kindline. 
 Jacob Kelker. 
 Andrew Lindsay. 
 William M. McDowell 
 John McBride. 
 Patrick Murray. 
 John McCormick. 
 George B. McKnight. 
 Tho's. G. McCuUoh 
 Henry Merklein. 
 John Nunemacher. 
 Wm. Nochtwine. 
 George Oyster. 
 John O'Neal. 
 Samuel Porter. 
 William Reynolds. 
 
 James D. Riddle. 
 Phillip Reges. 
 John Reed. 
 Samuel Ruthrauff. 
 William Richey. 
 Adam Roemer. 
 George Simpson. 
 William Schoeplin. 
 John Snider. 
 Samuel Shillitt. 
 William Shane. 
 Daniel Stevenson. 
 Jacob Smith. 
 David Trittle 
 Robert Thompson. 
 Abraham Voress. 
 Bernard Wolff. 
 Jacob Widefelt. 
 John Weaver. 
 John Whitmore. 
 John B. Watts. 
 James Warden. 
 Joseph Wallace. 
 George Wilson. 
 
 BABD a COMPANY. 
 
 Captain — Thomas Bard. 
 
 First lieutenant — James McDowell. 
 
 Second lieutenant — John Johnston. 
 
 Ensign— Joseph Bowers. 
 
 Sergeants— A. T. Dean, G. Duffleld, Thomas Smith, G. Spangler. 
 
 Corporals— WiUiam Smith, Thomas Grubb, William McDowell, Thomas Johnston. 
 
 Fifer— John Mull. 
 
 John Abbott. 
 John Brown. 
 Archibald Bard. 
 Robert Carson. 
 Samuel Craig. 
 John Coxe. 
 John Cox, Jr. 
 John Campbell. 
 Joseph Dick. 
 Joseph Dunlap. 
 John Donyhon. 
 Jeremiah Evans. 
 Peter Elliott. 
 John Furley. 
 John Glaze. 
 William Glass. 
 Joseph Garvin. 
 Henry Garner. 
 Leonard Gaff. 
 James Garver. 
 William Hart. 
 James Harrison. 
 
 PKIVATES. 
 
 William Houston. 
 Joseph Harrington. 
 Fred'k Henchy. 
 James Hamilton. 
 John Harrer. 
 Samuel Johnson. 
 John King. 
 John Lid^. 
 James McDowell. 
 William McDowell, Sr. 
 James McNeal. 
 John McCurdy. 
 John Maxwell. 
 John McClelland. 
 George McFerren. 
 Augustus McNeal. 
 Robert McCoy. 
 William McKinstry. 
 Thomas C. McDowell. 
 James Montgomery. 
 Samuel Markle. 
 
 John McCuUoch. 
 Charles Pike. 
 Mathew Patton. 
 David Robston. 
 William Rankin. 
 Thomas Speer. 
 George Stevens. 
 Conrad Stinger. 
 James Sheilds. 
 John Sybert. 
 William Stewart. 
 David Smith. 
 Thomas Squire. 
 William Wilson. 
 James Walker. 
 Christopher Wise. 
 Samuel Witherow. 
 John Werlby. 
 Thomas Williamson. 
 John Witherow. 
 Thomas Waddle. 
 
244 
 
 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 eobison's company. 
 
 Captain — Andrew Robson. 
 
 First lieutenant— John Brotherton. 
 
 Second lieutenant — James Mitchell. 
 
 Ensign — JacoB Besore. 
 
 Sergeants— James Walker, Andrew Snively, Thomas Wilson, Archibald Fleming 
 
 Corporals— John Randall, George Bellows, George Sackett, Alex Aiken. 
 
 Paymaster — William Carson. 
 
 PRIVATE B. 
 
 William Armstrong, Jr. 
 John Allison. 
 Robert Bruce. 
 Samuel Bradley. 
 Robert Brotherton. 
 John Billings. 
 William H. Brotherton. 
 Frederick Baird. 
 William Bratten. 
 Henry Beatty. 
 James Brotherton. 
 John Boggs. 
 Benjamin Core. 
 George Clark. 
 James Camion. 
 Walter B. Clark. 
 Frederick Carpenter. 
 William Clark. 
 William Coffroth. 
 James Davison. 
 Jesse Deman. 
 William T. Dugan. 
 John Dennis. 
 George Flora. 
 David Fullerton. 
 Samuel Foreman. 
 Robert Guinea. 
 William Gallagher. 
 Peter Gallagher. 
 Hugh Guinea. 
 
 John GafE. 
 John Garner. 
 Edward Gordon. 
 Fred'k Gearhart. 
 Joseph Hughes. 
 William Harger. 
 John Henneberger. 
 William Irwin. 
 James Johnston. 
 William Krepps. 
 Jonathan Keyser. 
 George Kuy. 
 Mathew Kennedy. 
 James McGaw, 
 William H. Miller. 
 Samuel McCutchen. 
 Abraham McCutchen. 
 John McClellan. 
 John McCune. 
 James McCord. 
 William Moreland. 
 John Miller. 
 John McCoy. 
 Adam McCallister. 
 William McGraw. 
 John McConnell. 
 Archibald McLane. 
 John B. McLanahan. 
 Samuel Nigh. 
 Robert Owen. 
 
 Jacob Poper. 
 James Poe. 
 J. Piper. 
 John Park. 
 A. B. Rankin. 
 John Reed. 
 John Rowe, Sr. 
 Roger Rice. 
 John Rogers. 
 John Shira. 
 John Shearer. 
 Henry Sites. 
 Robert Smith. 
 Charles Stewart. 
 Samuel Statler. 
 George Speckman. 
 John Shaup. 
 Adam Sayler. 
 George Schreder. 
 John Snyder. 
 George tJller. 
 William Vanderaw. 
 George Wallack. 
 John Weaver. 
 Thomas Welsh. 
 Christian Wilhelm. 
 Thomas Walker. 
 James Wilson. 
 Christian Wise. 
 Alexander Young. 
 
 FLANAGAN S COMPANY. 
 
 Captain — John Flanagan. 
 
 Lieutenant — William Bivins. 
 
 Ensign — Daniel McFarlin. 
 
 Sergeants — Robert Gordon, George Cochran, William Downey and George Foreman. 
 
 Samuel Allison. 
 Christian Bechtel. 
 Hugh Blair. 
 John Bowman. 
 David Beaver. 
 John Bormest. 
 William Barnet. 
 William Call. 
 James Duncan. 
 Joseph Fulton. 
 James Fullerton. 
 Jacob Fry. 
 Loudon Fullerton. 
 Samuel Green. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 James Gettys. 
 George Gettys. 
 Daniel Haulman, 
 David Heffner. 
 Peter Haulman. 
 Daniel Hartman. 
 James Harshman. 
 James Hayden. 
 George Koontz. 
 John Logan. 
 Daniel Logan. 
 James McCray. 
 William Mooney. 
 William McDowell. 
 
 Joseph Misner. 
 John Oellig. 
 Maximillian Obermeyer. 
 George Price. 
 Robert Ray. 
 Abraham Roberson. 
 John Sheffler. 
 Alex. Stewart. 
 John Stoner. 
 Adam Stonebraker. 
 David Springer. 
 George Weagley. 
 David Weaver. 
 
 Alexander' s company. 
 Captain— William Alexander. 
 Lieutenant— Francis McConnell. 
 Ensign — James Barkley. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 245 
 
 Sergeants— John Maclay, Richard Childerson, Peter Foreman, William Young. 
 Corporal — John Sterrett. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 James Alexander. George Houston. Hugh Maxwell 
 
 Thomas Childerstone. James Irwin. John McEee. 
 
 Edward Dunn. James Jones. John Neal. 
 
 John Elder. David Kyle. Peter Piper. 
 
 Noah Elder. James KcConnell. John Patterson. 
 
 Andrew Foreman. John Little. John Ryan. 
 
 William Finnerty. Robert Lewis. William Shutter. 
 
 Thomas Geddis. Robert McMillon. Arthur Sheilds. 
 
 John Harry. James McKibben. John Vanlear. 
 
 Samuel Hockenberry. Robert McCleary. David Witherow. 
 
 John Hill. John McAUen.. James Wallace. 
 
 Thomas Harry. Joseph McKelvy. Peter Wilt. 
 
 These companies formed a regiment, Col. John Findlay commanding; 
 After Findlay' 8 promotion Lieut. William Young became captain. The 
 other field officers of this regiment were major, David Fullerton; surgeon, 
 John McClelland; first mate. Dr. JohnBoggs; second mate. Dr. Jesse McGaw; 
 adjutant, James McDowell; quartermaster, Thomas G. McCulloh; sergeant- 
 major, Andrew Lindsay; quartermaster-sergeant, William Carson; paymaster- 
 general, George Clark. 
 
 These troops continued in active service until September 23 following when 
 they were mustered out. . 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 MEXICAN WAK. 
 
 Texas and Mexico— Whig and Democbat— Counter Arguments— Declara- 
 tion OF War— Franklin County Company — Its Services. 
 
 TEXAS had revolted and conquered its independence from Mexico, and asked 
 to become a part of the Union. The Lone Star State was of herself a great 
 and rich empire in territory, and when she knocked at the doors of the United 
 States for admission as one of the sister States, to the average American there 
 was a strong desire to bid her come and welcome. Had Mexico quietly con- 
 sented at that time, and abandoned all claims to still control the independent 
 State, it is highly probable it woidd have peacefully become a member of the 
 Union, and Mexico would have avoided a disastrous war with this country, and 
 the consequent loss of her irnmense territories north of the Eio Grande ; and 
 then, too, it is probable that the annexation of Texas would not have caused a 
 political feud in the United States, over which discussion became heated, and 
 new political issues were made — presidents were elected, and eminent politi- 
 cians were defeated in their ambitious purposes. 
 
 When a national question in this country assumes a political phase it is 
 curious to watch its accidental outcomes. Men apparently shut their eyes and 
 rush forward in spite of the most solemn warnings of their neighbors. They 
 care only to know what their political rival wants them to do, and then they 
 set their faces like steel to accomplish the very opposite. Thus, by curious ac- 
 cident, the Mexican war became, in the minds of men of that time, a Democratic 
 war; and the Whigs, as a party, were placed in the position as opposed to the 
 
246 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 annexation of Texas. To demonstrate how purely accidental were the controll- 
 ing influences among men, we give an incident that occurred between a Demo- 
 cratic and a Whig politician in Illinois in 1844. They were two bright and 
 ambitious young men — both, afterward, becoming eminent in the Nation's coun- 
 cils. They lived in the same village in southern Illinois, and each was striv- 
 ing for his party nomination for congressman. In order to advertise their 
 claims they agreed to travel together over the vast district, and hold in each 
 county joint discussions. They started out on the absorbing topic of both 
 Whig and Democrat, the annexation of Texas, ranged on different sides. They 
 were bright, witty, brilliant and eloquent, and they drew nearly equal to a 
 circus in the Illinois back counties. But, in taking sides, the Whig favored 
 annexation, and the Democrat opposed it. Thus they had passed over about 
 two-thirds of the district, when the long delayed news from the National 
 Democratic Convention reached them, and lo, it had nominated Polk, and upon 
 the strongest kind of a Texas annexation platform. Here, indeed, was a kettle 
 of fish. What .could they do? Why, simply, just what they did do — swap 
 sides and continue their trip and discussion through the remainder of the 
 district, hammering each other over the heads, each with the other's own 
 arguments. 
 
 Congress passed a bill admitting Texas into the union of States, and on the 
 4th of July, 1845, the Legislature of Texas, by solemn act, approved of the 
 measure, and the union was consummated. Mexico considered this as an act 
 of war; and withdrew her minister from Washington. Some feeble and pos- 
 sibly half-hearted attempts to tide over the threatened conflict were made by 
 the United States, and then the two nations declared war, and at once began 
 marshalling their armies. In the early part of 1846 our armies had marched to 
 the border lines of Mexico, and after a brief halt they invaded the country of 
 the enemy. The declaration of war was made by Congress, May 11, 1846, 
 and $10,000,000 voted to furnish the army, and the President was authorized 
 to call for 50,000 volunteers. The temper of oar people is shown by the fact, 
 that at once 200,000 volunteers offered themselves, and from every part of the 
 Union it was a race among companies and regiments to get in first. Every- 
 where companies were formed that the Government was compelled to reject. 
 
 Franklin County sent one company. This was recruited in 1847, by Mar- 
 tin M. Moore, of Washington, who had procured authority to enlist a Pennsyl- 
 vania company for the Mexican war. He opened a recruiting office in Cham- 
 bersburg, and soon filled his company, and it left Chambersburg, March 17, 
 1847, for the seat of war, numbering 122 men, rank and file, officered as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Captain— Martin M. Moore. 
 
 First lieutenant — Charles T. Campbell. 
 
 Second lieutenants— Horace Haldeman, Washington Meads. . 
 
 Third sergeant — James 8. Gillan. 
 
 Corporals — Michael W. Houser, J. R. Thompson, Henry Remley. 
 
 PBIVATES FROM FRANKHN COUNTY. 
 
 Jacob Arbaugh. George Barmord. William Fisher. 
 
 James S. Bigger. Emanuel Burns. William Johnson. 
 
 John Bricker. David Beard. Jeremiah Keefer. 
 
 Joseph Bricker. Hugh P. Coxe. Henry Koyler. 
 
 Fredrick Berkle. Washington Cramer. Samuel Kraft. 
 
 Fredrick Baker. Jeremiah Douglas. Amos Lightner. 
 
 William Bittinger. Mathew Downs. George Miller. 
 
 James Briley. John Davis. Daniel Miller. 
 
 John Beamhop. George Eldridge. James McCullough. 
 
',• J I.. 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 249 
 
 John MehafEey. Henry Ray. Thomas Slioemaker. 
 
 Alexander McCarthey. Lewis Rummel. John SheaflEer. 
 
 John McCumseh. William Retter. Jo.seph Welch. 
 
 William I. McClellan. Henry Reafsnider. Jacob West. 
 
 Joseph McMahan. Hezekiah Stuff. Jacob Williams. 
 
 Joseph Nave. John C. Sheffield. John Zumbro. 
 
 John A. Pierson. David M. Stump. John Harnish. 
 
 Jacob Pentz. John Suders. Joseph Grimes. 
 
 William Robison. Henry Sheafer. David Cordell. 
 
 Although we have no complete list of the men of Company B, Eleventh 
 United States Infantry, as furnished by the War Department, yet we give only 
 those that were known to be from Franklin County. 
 
 This company marched to Pittsburgh, by way of Bedford, where it received 
 acme additional recruits. It arrived with the army at Brazos Santiago, in 
 April, 1847, and for some time was in garrison at Tampico, where a number of 
 men died of yellow fever. From here it went to Vera Cruz, and from there to 
 the City of Mexico. The Company was in active service until the close of the 
 war, July 4, 1848. 
 
 Capt. Moore was dismissed from the service at Tampico, and Charles T. 
 Campbell was promoted to captain, and was in command until our army was 
 mustered out. At the time of the close of the war it was in the interior of 
 the country, about seventy-five miles from the City of Mexico. When the 
 company reached New York on its return home in July, 1848, its force of 100 
 men had been reduced to about twenty-four men in the line. 
 
 There were other men recruited who went to the war from this county in ad- 
 dition to those given above in Company B. Capt. Whipple and Lieut. 
 Hanson got recruits for their command here. Then we are informed that 
 there were several Franklin County men who joined commands that went out 
 from Cumberland County, and their identity as Franklin County men was 
 thereby lost. 
 
 Captain Charles T. Campbell is now a resident of Scotland, Dak. , to which 
 point he removed from Franklin County, some years ago. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE PRESS. 
 
 Introdtjotoky — PiKST Newspaper — Press of Chambersburg — Press of 
 Waynesboro— Press of Mercersburg — Press of Greencastle. 
 
 THE comer-stones of modern civilization are the family, the school, the 
 church and the state. 
 The family is the origin of all government — the germ of all organization. 
 Upon it all social and political institutions rest. From it all others derive 
 their vitality and inspiration. Without its economy, the body politic and the 
 social fabric could not exist. The family may be regarded a preparatory 
 university, whose president is the father, and whose chief instructor is the 
 loving and faithful mother. All science and all art are taught in this univer- 
 sity. The most important lessons in life are the "things learned at that best 
 
250 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 academy, a mother's knee," embracing the names and qualities of objects and 
 actions; government, philosophy, religion, political economy, theology, poetry, 
 literature, music — all the gems of an encyclopedic education. 
 
 From this preparatory school pupils are admitted to the conventional 
 school under the control of a licensed master or mistress. New lessons and 
 new duties are to be learned. Certain personal rights must be sacrificed to 
 enjoy certain privileges that are desired. True republicanism is cultivated. 
 Genuine philanthropy is developed, and the pupil qualified to enter intelligently 
 the next grade — ^the church. It is the great theological institution intended 
 to teach the higher duties and responsibilties of a moral and pious life. Self- 
 control, charity, benevolence, consecration, devotion, unselfishness — all these 
 are its legitimate purposes to accomplish. Its work done efficiently, the 
 subject is prepared to occupy his appropriate position in the state; in other 
 words, to become an intelligent, conscientious citizen. Three sets of agencies, 
 each working efficiently in its own sphere, have co-operated to produce the 
 highest type of manhood, the conception which inspired Holland to write: 
 
 "God gives us men! a time like this demands 
 Strong minds, great hearts, true faith and ready hands; 
 
 Men whom the lust of oflBce does not kill; 
 Men whom the spoils of oflBce can not huy; 
 
 Men who possess opinions and a will. 
 Men who have honor — men who will not lie; 
 
 Men who can stand before a demagogue 
 And damn his treacherous flatterers without winking, 
 
 Tall men, sun-crowned, who live above the fog 
 In public duty, and in private thinking." 
 
 Men may condemn the evils of church and state; they can not be divorced. 
 As well attempt to separate youth and manhood, the soil and its crop, or any 
 cause from its effect. If the child is the father of the man, the family, the- 
 school and the church are the progenitors of the state. 
 
 But as society is organized, the life-blood of all these institutions is the 
 modern newspaper. It is the food of all. In its greed it has usurped the 
 prerogative formerly enjoyed by the oral teacher, secular and religious. It 
 is the accepted text-book of the ordinary laborer, the learned divine and the 
 profoundest statesman. It is more powerful than the throne, which it makes 
 and unmakes at will. It is, in our modern civilization, the life-blood of the 
 body politic. Hence the power and the responsibility of the press. 
 
 In the history of English journalism occurs this account of the growth of 
 the newspaper: "First we have the written newsletter, furnished to the 
 wealthy aristocracy; then, as the craving for information spread, the ballad of 
 news, sung or recited; then the news pamphlet, more prosaically arranged; 
 then the periodical sheet of news ; and lastly, the newspaper. ' ' 
 
 The English newspaper was born in London, in 1622. Its liberty at first 
 was greatly restricted, nothing being allowed publication until it had passed 
 proper official inspection. In its struggle for independence, the press had to 
 undergo many prosecutions and trials unknown to the present generation. 
 The blood of martyrs is the seed not only of the church, but of the press as 
 well. Governmental influence with the subject-matter of the newspaper was 
 regarded a divine right; hence we are not astonished to find the House of 
 Commons resolving, in 1729, that " it is an indignity and a breach of privilege 
 of the House of Commons for any person to presume to give, in written or 
 printed newspapers, any account or minutes of the debates or other proceed- 
 ings of this House or any committee thereof." In 1764 the editor of the 
 Evening Post, of London, was fined £100 by the House of Lords, for mention- 
 
HISTOBY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 251 
 
 ing the name of Lord Hereford in his paper. The good work continued, how- 
 ever, till the press was disenthralled. 
 
 France had much difficulty in liberating the press. During the reign of 
 Louis Napoleon there were 6,000 prosecutions of publishers; but they finally 
 succeeded, and France can hear from plebeians, sentiments which the throne 
 did not dare to utter. Not by German battalions only was the usurper over- 
 thrown. He was shot through and through by the paper bullets of a hostile 
 and enraged public press. 
 
 In America the first newspaper was published at Boston, September 25, 
 1690, by Benjamin Harris, the printing being done by Richard Pierce. Its 
 name. Public Occurrences, both Foreign and Domestick, was very significant. 
 The only copy now in existence is preserved in the State office in London. 
 Others sprang up in regular order, until to-day the American press stands 
 forth as one of the greatest bulwarks of national liberty — the proudest monu- 
 ment of the progressive spirit of the age. 
 
 A sentence or two may serve to sketch the editor who realizes the nature 
 of the trust he holds. 
 
 1. An editor, like a poet, is born, not made. A plug hat, a waxed mustache, 
 a cigar and a goose quill, will not necessarily edit a paper successfully. Pro- 
 fanity, bad grammar, excessive slang and whisky, are not the indispensable 
 requisites of modem journalism. 
 
 2. He has an inherent right to be both a gentleman and a scholar. He 
 should be sufficiently educated, at least, to express an original thought occa- 
 sionally, in good Anglo-Saxon. Scissors and paste have their legitimate sphere, 
 but this does not imply that he should have ' ' just enough learning to mis- 
 quote," nor does it require that he should demonstrate in his own case that, 
 "to follow foolish precedents, and wink with both eyes, is easier than 
 to think." 
 
 3. He should be a leader in public sentiment. It is his province to 
 mould the thought of his constituents. On every new issue he should be able 
 to sound forth the clarion notes of truth and progress, and lead his readers to 
 occupy advanced grounds in the face of ignorant. opposition. Some one has 
 truly said: " To know hoiv to say what others only know how to think, is what 
 makes men poets and sages; but to dare to say what others only dare to think, 
 is what makes them heroes or reformers or both. ' ' 
 
 4. He should have a conscience on matters that affect the public weal. 
 A newspaper is not private property in the sense that it is to reflect only the 
 wishes and piques of its manager. It represents a constituency whose con-- 
 sciences it ought to respect, while it aims to educate them. It can not be 
 made the vehicle for giving vent to private ill-will. For that reason it ought 
 to treat an opponent with courtesy, so long as he exhibits marks of sincerity. 
 
 The press of Franklin County has had an existence since the opening of the 
 last decade of the eighteenth century and has had some able representatives in the 
 ranks of journalism. As will be seen from the lists that are to follow, these daily, 
 weekly and monthly heralds of light and life, have been exceedingly numer- 
 ous, but many of them, having accomplished their mission, did obeisance to 
 an apparently disinterested public, and silently departed to enjoy the rewards 
 of achieved fame. For the information, and in many cases, the language 
 contained in these brief sketches, obligation is publicly acknowledged to those 
 faithful chroniclers of Franklin County History, Dr. W. C. Lane,* Judge 
 Henry R ubyf and I. H. McCauley, Esq. J 
 
 *[n Public opinion of January 1, 1878. 
 
 ITn Shippensburg News of October 16, 1875. 
 Hiatorieal Sketch of Franklin County. 
 
252 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 PRESS OF CHAMBERSBURG. 
 
 From the organization of the county, in September, 1784, to July 14, 
 1790, no newspaper was published in Franklin County, all sheriffs' proclama- 
 tions' notices of candidates for office, offers of real estate for sale, estrays, 
 runaway negroes, desertions of bed and board by wives, obituaries, divorce 
 and sale notices, etc., being printed in the Carlisle Gazette and Repository of 
 
 Knowledge. ».,,.. . 
 
 As the population of Chambersburg increased, one of its chief wants was a 
 weekly journal, to "note the passing tidings of the times." This want was 
 eventually supplied by the advent of Mr. William Davison, from Philadelphia, 
 who, in the month of June, 1790, issued the first number of the first news- 
 paper published in Franklin County. The name of this primitive journal was 
 The Western Advertiser and Chambersburg Weekly Newspaper. It was a small, 
 dingy sheet of three columns to the page, and 10x15 inches in size. Its con- 
 tents consisted mainly of advertisements and a few extracts from London and 
 Eastern journals, and an occasional ponderous and drowsy original communi- 
 cation upon some political or literary subject. It was singularly dignified 
 and dull. The price of the paper was 15 shillings per annum. Mr. Davison did 
 not more than fairly start his enterprise, before his health began to decline, and he 
 was obliged to call to his assistance Mr. Robert Harper, brother of the late George 
 ;Kenton Harper. Mr. Harper came to Chambersburg in 1792, and took charge 
 of the paper. Mr. Davison dying soon afterward, Mr. Harper then became 
 its sole proprietor. In 1793 Mr. Harper changed the elaborate title of the 
 journal to the simpler one of The Chambersburg Gazette. This name it re- 
 tained until the year 1796, when it was further changed to The Franklin Reposi- 
 tory. Soon after Mr. Robert Harper became the owner of the paper, he associated 
 with himself in its publication a gentleman named Dover. This connection ex- 
 isted only a few months, and was severed by Mr. Dover' s withdrawal. In the year 
 1800, Robert Harper sold the establishment to his brother, George Kenton 
 Harper.* The latter gentleman had previously learned the art of printing in 
 the office in Chambersburg, although, at the time of the purchase, he was a 
 resident of Philadelphia. Under the able and judicious management of George 
 K. Harper, the Repository became one of the most extensively circulated and 
 influential journals in the interior of the State. The Repository was published 
 by Mr. George K. Harper for a period of thirty-nine years, and was then sold 
 to Joseph Pritts, who was publishing the Chambersburg Whig, and by whom 
 the two papers were united under the title of the Repository and Whig. 
 
 This venerable and influential old journal was successively owned by many 
 companies and individuals, until it fell into the most competent hands of Col. 
 Alexander K. McClure, by whom it was enlarged and otherwise improved. Its 
 title was, by this gentleman, again changed, and its old and honored name of 
 The Franklin Repository most appropriately given it. Under Col. McClure' s 
 proprietorship, it became an acknowledged political power in the State. The 
 paper is now ownedf and edited by Maj. John M. Pomeroy, and it may be said with 
 perfect truth and candor, and without any invidious disparagement of the very 
 many able gentlemen by whom it had formerly been conducted, that its present 
 proprietor exhibits in its management a combination of energy, enterprise, tact 
 and ability which, at least, have never been exceeded in its past history. Tlie 
 Repository has always been a fearless and able defender of the principles of the 
 
 *D. B. Kirby, of Chambersburg, has a copy of the Repository, dated February 20, 180O, which was marked 
 No. 44 of Vol. IV. Its subscription price is put at J2.2o per year. G. K. Harper is its owner and publisher. 
 In ^t8 columns is a notice that Geo. K. Harper had bought of Robert Harper the Miiierva, showing its publi- 
 cutiuQ in the last century. See McCauley's denials, in toco. 
 
 fSee statement at close of this sketch of the press of Chambersburg. 
 
HISTOltY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 253 
 
 old Whig and Republican parties, in whose defense it has been compelled to 
 break many a lance; and, in its mature age of eighty-seven years, it exhibits 
 more than the vigor and energy which characterized its earlier days. 
 
 The Repository was first issued from an old log house, originally built and 
 used for a blacksmith shop, which stood on the lot now occupied by Mr. Jacob 
 Snider' s book store. It was then removed to a small one -story weatherboarded 
 buUding, which stood on Main Street, near the corner of the Diamond, on the 
 lot on -vrtiich Mr. Thomas E. Paxton's store now stands. 
 
 For many years the Repository was the only newspaper published in Frank- 
 lin County. At length, about the year 1809, a Democratic rival, called the 
 Franklin Republican, was issued by Mr. John Hershberger. Previously, how- 
 ever, two papers, one in English and the other in the German language, * had 
 been published for a few years. The names of these papers have not been 
 ascertained, although extended inquiry has been made. The English paper 
 was now united with the Franklin Republican. On relinquishing the business 
 of printing in 1816, Mr. Hershberger sold his office to John McFarland, by 
 whom the publication of the English journal was continued; but who discon- 
 tinued the German paper for want of adeqiiate support. McFarland sold the 
 paper to John Sloan, who published it until his death, a few years after the 
 purchase. Mr. Sloan died about the year 1824. The late Joseph Pritts, who 
 had been employed in the office of Sloan, married his widow, and thus became 
 the owner of the printing establishment. Mr. Pritts continued to publish the 
 paper in the interest of the Democratic party, until the anti-Masonic excite- 
 ment in 1834, when he became a member of that organization, and purchased 
 an anti-Masonic newspaper which had previously been established by James 
 Culbertson. The two papers were then conjoined and the name changed to 
 The Charnbersburg Whig^ which it bore until it was merged into the Franklin 
 Repository, in 1839. Mr. Pritts having thus abandoned the Democratic party, 
 that organization was left without an organ, until the Franklin Telegraph was 
 started about the year 1831, by Messrs. Ruby & Maxwell. This partnership 
 continued but six weeks, at the end of which time James Maxwell withdrew. 
 Mr. Ruby then selected another partner named Hatnick. Mr. Hatnick dying 
 after a partnership of only nine months, Mr. Ruby became sole proprietor of 
 the paper, and continued its publication until the year 1840, making it an able 
 and successful exponent of the principles of the party in whose interests it was 
 established. Having been appointed one of the associate judges of Franklin 
 County, Judge Ruby sold his journal to Messrs. Brown & Casey. These gen- 
 tlemen, after conducting it for several years, sold it to John Brand, who 
 changed its name to the Charnbersburg Times. Mr. Franklin G. May bought 
 the paper from Mr. Brand, and held it until April 6, 1846, when he transferred 
 it to E. R. Powell. During the proprietorship of Mr. Powell, its name was 
 changed to the Valley Sentinel. In January, 1850, it was purchased by Fred- 
 erick Smith, Esq., and edited by his son, Alfred H. Smith, until April, 1851, 
 when this gentleman moved to Philadelphia. Messrs. Nead & Kinneard then 
 became the owners of the Sentinel, under whose managepaent it remained until 
 late in the year 1852, when it was sold to Messrs. P. S. Dechert & Co. ; and, 
 
 *One of these was called Der Bediiche Registrator. Its publisher and editor, F. W. ^SchoepliIl, announced in 
 the RepoiitOTy of December 21, 1813: " The first number of this paper will be issued from this office to-morrow." 
 Hesays, further : '* Nearly the whole contents of this paper is weekly translated from the latest Engl isU papers, 
 which, together with the quick conveyance by mails running in all directions from Chambersburg, enables its 
 patrons to receive information of the occurrences of our own and foreign countries as early as they could 
 through any of the English weekly papers." It must be remembered, that at that time all mail matter was dis- 
 tributed by carriers but once a week, and yet these crude facilities were highly appreciated. The German pop- 
 ulation in the county, too, was an important factor at this eai iy date. Says Judge Ruby : " There were but few 
 families in the town or country that did not then understand the German language, which accounts for two 
 weekly papers being sustained in that language." After Mr. Schoeplin's death, in 1825, the office was sold to 
 Henry Enby. 
 
254 HISTOEY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 its apposite name, after appearing for a season in company with the Spirit, as 
 the Spirit and Sentinel, died away. 
 
 The Valley Spirit was started in Shippensburg, by John M. Cooper and 
 Daniel Dechert, in July, 1847, under the title of the Valley Spirit and Cum- 
 berland and Franklin County Democrat. In July, 1848, it was moved to 
 Chambersburg, and conducted under the firm of P. S. Dechert & Co., with Mr. 
 Cooper as editor. In 1852 the firm bought the Sentinel, and united the two 
 papers. In 1857, the Valley Spirit, which had dropped part of its original 
 name, became the property of George H. Mengel & Co., and was published by 
 them until 1862, when it was purchased by B. Y. Hamsher & Co., who retained 
 it until 1867, when it passed into the hands of Messrs. J. M. Cooper & Co. , 
 and in 1868 Mr. Cooper withdrew from the establishment, Messrs. Wm. S. 
 Stenger and Augustus Duncan becoming its proprietors. In 1876 Mr. Joseph 
 C. Clugston purchased the paper, and reinstated its old and popular editor, 
 Mr. Cooper, in the editorial chair. 
 
 The Valley Spirit is an ably-managed and vigorous publication, and is an 
 able and fearless advocate of the principles of the great party to which it be- 
 longs; and its influence is not limited merely to the locality in which it is pub- 
 lished, but is sensibly felt in the politics of the State. In that peculiar tact, 
 as well as talent, so essential to the successful editor, Mr. Cooper was gifted 
 in an eminent degree. October 1, 1879, the paper was purchased by its pres- 
 ent owners, John G. & D. A. Orr, from J. H. Wolfkill, through whom it had 
 come from Clugston and Cooper. On the 2d of August, 1886, John G. 
 and D. A. Orr purchased at sherifP's sale the Franklin Democrat and Daily 
 Herald, and immediately began the publication of a morning daily known 
 as the Valley Spirit. In a prominent position on its second page stands 
 this epitome of its own history : ' ' Established, 1847. Founded in 1831, merged 
 in Valley Spirit, 1852 — Franklin Telegraph, Chambersburg Times, Cumber- 
 land Valley Sentinel. Founded in 1858; merged in Valley Spirit, 1862 — the 
 Independent, the Times. Founded in 1878; merged in Valley Spirit, 1886 — the 
 Daily Herald. Founded in 1882 ; merged in Valley Spirit, 1886 — the Frank- 
 lin County Democrat." Both daily and weekly editions show the highest style 
 of mechanical execution, and the contents of each are newsy and spicy, evi- 
 dencing careful and painstaking research. It is a pronounced anti-Kandall 
 Democratic exponent of the theories of government. 
 
 In July, 1853, Mr. Eobert P. Hazelet started a folio sheet, devoted more 
 especially to literature, which he called the Transcript. It became the Know- 
 Nothing organ in the fall of 1854, and was subsequently merged into the 
 Repository, under the title of the Repository and Transcript, and, after a titular 
 fellowship of a few years, ultimately perished. 
 
 In 1854, Messrs. Kell & Kinneard started an educational monthly, called 
 the Tutor and Pupil, which had an ephemeral existence. 
 
 David A. Werz instituted The Independent in 1858, a handsome and able 
 paper, which attracted much attention for its literary ability, bat sold it ia 
 April, 1859, to William I. Cook and P. Dock Frey. A few months later, 
 namely, on the 7th of October, 1859, they transferred it to Frey & Foltz, who 
 converted it from a neutral into a Republican paper. On the 31st of August, 
 1860, it again changed owners, and Messrs. William Kennedy and Jacob Sellers 
 converted it into a Democratic organ, as an exponent of the principles of the 
 Douglas wing of the party, in opposition to the Valley Spirit, which sup- 
 ported Breckenridge. After holding it a few years it was united with the 
 Valley Spirit, as the Valley Spirit and Times, and, a short time after, its dis- 
 tinctive title passed into oblivion. 
 
HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 255 
 
 In the year 1814, the Hon. Henry Euby moved to Chambersburg, and was 
 apprenticed to a German printer named F. W. Schoflin, who was publishing a 
 German paper in connection with Mr. Geerge K. Harper. This paper was 
 Boon afterward sold to Mr. Schoflin. Mr. Schoflin died in 1825, and his paper 
 was managed by Mr. Euby, for his widow, for a period of six months, at the 
 expiration of which time he bought the office. He continued its publication for 
 some time after the publication of the Franklin Telegraph, but under a new 
 name, and eventually sold it to Mr. Victor Scriba, by whom it was removed to 
 Pittsburgh. Mr. Scriba changed its name to Freiheifs Freund, and it soon 
 attained a large circulation and much influence among the German population 
 of Pittsburgh. Another German paper was started in Chambersburg, by John 
 Dietz, in 1824, but enjoyed a very brief existence, dying in its second year. 
 
 During the time embraced by these publications, a large number of papers 
 were launched upon the treacherous waves of popular favor, but soon stranded 
 •on the hidden rock of impecuniosity, and sank even beneath public recollection. 
 A notable exception to this statement, however, was the Transcript, estab- 
 lished in 1853 by Robert P. Hazelet. This paper aspired to the establish- 
 ment of a literary reputation, in which it secured a marked degree of success. 
 It was then purchased by the Know-Nothings, and upon the sudden collapse 
 of that political monstrosity, was merged into the Repository, and lived a short 
 time longer in the Repository and Transcript. 
 
 The Despatch, a semi-weekly paper, was started in the spring of 1861, by 
 George H. Merklein and P. Dock Frey, under the firm of George H. Merk- 
 lein & Co., and lived until the spring of 1863. 
 
 The Country Merchant, an advertising sheet, was issued in July, 1866, by 
 M. A. Poltz, and was succeeded, in 1869, by Public Opinion, a progressive 
 weekly newspaper, devoted to advanced Eepublican principles. It deals es- 
 pecially with news of a local nature, always giving the preference to such, but, 
 at the same time, it never neglects matters of national or State import or in- 
 formation of general interest. The people of Franklin County have always 
 had in it a true friend. Their interests have been its interests, and it has 
 fought their battles with vigor from the moment that it first saw the light. 
 
 The first issue appeared on the 20th of July, in the year above named, and 
 met with immediate success. It rapidly became a leading paper, not only in 
 its own county, but throughout the whole of the Cumberland Valley, its views 
 being quoted far and wide. It has continued to hold this prominence, and is 
 to-day one of the most influential newspapers in southern Pennsylvania. And 
 at the present time, as in the past, it is representative of its title, and is truly a 
 reflex of public opinion. 
 
 With the commencement of its third volume, in July, 1871, the Opinion 
 ■enlarged, and in 1885 it re-enlarged, thus becoming one of the largest week- 
 lies published in its section of the State. It has now a circulation of about 
 2, 500, and goes into the best families in the county. 
 
 The Silver Comet, a monthly musical journal, was published by P. Dock 
 Frey & Co., coming into the world of letters in September, 1869, " and piping 
 •out" at the somewhat immature age of seven months. 
 
 The People's Register was started in 1876 as the Centennial Register. It 
 is a patent outside, and was edited by Rev. J. G. Schafl until the time of his 
 death, when it passed into the hands of his sons, who are still publishing it. 
 In the summer of 1886, they began the publication of an evening daily which 
 has met with a favorable reception. The Register has given special attention 
 to educational news and articles, and thus has become the teachers' friend in 
 the county. 
 
256 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The Farm Journal and Experimental Farm Journal were issued success- 
 ively by George A. Dietz & Co., and were extensively circulated. 
 
 The first religious journal published by the German Eeformed Church was 
 a monthly pamphlet called The Magazine of the German Reformed Church, 
 and was issued at Carlisle, Penn. , under the editorship of Eev. Dr. Lewis Mayer. 
 It appeared in November, 1827. In 1829 it was removed to York, Penn. In 
 1832, its title was changed to The Messenger of the German Reformed Church, 
 and the numbers were designated as the New Series. In 1834 it was 
 changed to a semi-monthly, in a quarto form, which was continued until July, 
 1835, at which time it was removed to Chambersburg. Its title was now 
 changed to the Weekly Messenger and was issued weekly. A specimen number 
 of the paper was published in July, but the regular issue did not begin until 
 the September following. The numbering as a new series again com- 
 menced, which has been continued to the present date. In December, 1848, 
 the name of the paper was further changed to that of The German Reformed 
 Messenger. In September, 1867, .the title was again changed to The Reformed 
 Church Messenger, because the word " German ' ' had been omitted in the church 
 itself. The office in Chambersburg was destroyed by the rebels in 1864, and 
 its place of publication was then transferred to Philadelphia. Its name is 
 now simply The Messenger, and it is edited by the accomplished and scholarly 
 divine, Kev. P. S. Davis, D. D., ably assisted by Samuel E. Fisher, D. D., 
 and others. For a time after the removal of the paper to Chambersburg, it 
 was published by Joseph Pritts, and subsequently by Henry Kuby, until the 
 church established a printing office of her own, in the Masonic Hall, on 
 Second Street, in 1840. The old Mansion House on the east side of the public 
 square was then purchased, refitted, and the office removed into it. 
 
 The late Eev. Benjamin S. Schneck, D. D. , became editor of the Messenger 
 in 1835, after its removal to Chambersburg, and occupied this position until 
 the year 1844. In the beginning of 1840, the Eev. Samuel E. Fisher, D. D.,* 
 became associated with him in its editorial management. Dr. Schneck' s 
 relation to the paper, which was suspended in 1844, was resumed in the fall 
 of 1847, and continued until the year 1852. During Dr. Schneck' s pastorate 
 in Gettysburg, Penn. , in 1834, he began the publication of a semi-monthly in 
 the German language, styled the Christliche Herold. The publication of this 
 journal was transferred to Chambersburg in 1840, and issued under the name 
 of the Christliche Zeitschrift. Dr. Schneck then took charge of it, changing 
 its name to that of Reformirte Kirchenzeitung, and continued this relation 
 until the destruction of the office in 1864, when it was removed to Philadelphia, 
 with the exception of an interval of five years, from 1852 to 1857, when it was 
 edited by the Eev. Samuel Miller. 
 
 For a time the Saturday Local was published by Joseph Pomeroy & Co. 
 Having accomplished its mission, it quietly took its departure to the sweet 
 by-and-by. 
 
 In the foregoing sketch it is stated that the Repository is owned and 
 edited by Maj. John M. Pomeroy, and a merited compliment is paid him. 
 Smce that was written by Dr. W. C. Lame, the daily Franklin Repository has 
 been established, which is now in its fourth volume. It has, like the weekly, 
 attained a large circulation, and is, with the People's Register, an evening 
 paper. Until November 26, 1886, it was published and edited by the Pomeroy 
 Bros. ; but owing to cert.ain complications, growing out of the right of title, 
 it was sold by Sheriff Kurtz to T. M. Mahon and H. Gehr for |2,200, and 
 immediately leased by them to its former ma nagers. The paper is now under 
 
 •Since deceased. ' — 
 
JfflaJeuuud*' 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 259 
 
 the management of John H. Pomeroy and A. Nevin Pomeroy, lessees and 
 publishers. 
 
 The Repository is the oldest paper in the Cumberland Valley, and its pages, 
 from 1793 to the present, contain the substantial history of the county. Its 
 influence upon the population of the county through these years has been 
 wonderful. It requires little sacrifice to be able to concur in the sentiment of 
 Hon. Henry Ruby, himself an old printer and a competent judge, ' ' that few 
 towns in Pennsylvania have newspaper establishments conducted with as much 
 ability as the Franklin Repository, Valley Spirit and Public Opinion of 
 Chambersburg. " 
 
 PRESS OP WATNESBOHO. 
 
 In Rupp's "History of the Five Counties," 1846, is this simple statements 
 "A weekly paper — Waynesboro Circulatot — is published by M. C. Grote." 
 
 The Village Record, weekly, was founded March 13, 1847, by D. O. &.W. 
 Blair. D. O. Blair afterward studied medicine and went to Abingdon, 111., 
 where he died. "W. Blair had sold his interest to his brother, but in 1851 
 repurchased it and has retained it every since. It was during the war published 
 regularly till the time of Lee's invasion in 1863, when an interruption 
 occurred. The outside was printed June 19, and the inside July 31. Rebel 
 soldiers pied his type and overturned his cases, producing confusion which 
 required several weeks to overcome. 
 
 By virtue of continuous services, Mr. Blair is entitled to be known as the 
 Nestor of the Franklin County press. 
 
 The Keystone Gazette was established in 1876, as a Democratic weekly, by 
 J. C. West and W. C. Jacobs. In 1878 Jacobs retired. In 1880, S. M. 
 Robinson bought it, but in 1882 sold to N. Bruce Martin and Jas. B. Fisher, 
 who conducted it as an independent paper till January 1, 1885. At the last 
 date, Mr. Fisher bought Martin's interest, and conducted the paper till March, 
 1886, when D. B. Martin assumed editorial control, with Fisher as manager. 
 
 The Brethren Advocate, a religious weekly periodical, was published at 
 Waynesboro from August 5, 1879, to July 5, 1882. It was published in the 
 interests of the German Baptist or Brethren Church. The contributors to its 
 columns were some of the ablest writers of the sect. D. H. Fahrney was 
 publisher. Size of sheet, 22x32. 
 
 PRESS or MERCERSBURG. 
 
 In 1846, The Mercersburg Visitor, weekly, was published by McKinstry and 
 
 Doyle. 
 
 The Mercersburg Journal was established in 1846. It is a weekly, neutral 
 in politics and has a good local circulation. Its present owners and managers 
 are M. J. Slick and George Hornbraker. It has passed through a number of 
 changes, which can not be given. 
 
 In 1851-52, the Mercersburg Review was published in the interests of 
 Marshall College. It was a bi-monthly, and sold at $3 per year. 
 
 PRESS or GEEENCASTLE. 
 
 The first paper started in the town was called the Conococheague Herald, 
 and was published by E. Robinson, August, 1848. In a few months it was 
 sold by him to Charles Martin. After running it a year, he sold it to A. N. 
 Rankin, who in turn disposed of it to Elliott B. Detrich, by whom the name 
 was changed to the Franklin Intelligencer. At his death the paper passed into 
 the hands of McCrory and Bonner, who named it the Franklin Ledger. When 
 
260 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Bonner died, the new firm, Strickler & McCrorj changed the name to The Pi- 
 lot. Mr. Strickler retiring, McCrory ran the paper on his own responsibility 
 for several years, when he sold it to Robert and William Crooks. The first 
 brother soon withdrawing from the firm, the other continued the paper till 
 1867, when he sold to Kev. John E. Gaff, who associated M. D. Eeymer with 
 himself, and changed the name to The Valley Echo. In 1867 Col. B, F. 
 Winger pui-chased the paper and, with the aid of Geo. B. Haller, the present 
 proprietor, ran it till January 6, 1876, at which time he sold the establishment 
 to the present owner and manager. 
 
 The Greencastle Press was established by Col. B. F. Winger, after retiring 
 from The Valley Echo, in 1876, and has been controlled by him ever since. 
 At present his associate in the management and editorial work is J. C. Seacrest. 
 It is a weekly, and has a good circulation in that portion of the county. 
 
 About the opening of the war, a small paper was published at Concord by 
 a brother of J. W. C. Goshorne, but after a time it was removed to the West. 
 
 In 1888 the Path Valley News was established at Fannettsburg, and is 
 still in existence. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 AGRICULTURE. 
 
 A Business of First Impohtance— Its Promising Future— Improvements 
 Introduced— Judge Watts— The First Eeapeb— First Stock in the 
 CoDNTBT— Wheat and Corn— Hessian Fly— Improved Implements— A 
 Wonderful Peat With the Scythe Agricultural Societies, Offi- 
 cers, Etc. 
 
 "TpEOM the land comes the life of every living, breathing, thing. It is the 
 -L nourishing mother of animal and vegetable life. It is the beginning of all 
 existence, and " dust to dust" is the common end. The soil and the climate 
 are the determining factors in the growth and quality of the world's civilization. 
 From the soil comes all that we can possess— the best type of manhood, the 
 great cities with their spires and minarets gleaming in the morning sun, the 
 army with banners, the armadas whose sails fleck every sea, the maiden's 
 blush the bubbling laughter of childhood, the sweet bondage of love, the 
 restful haven of home, are all from this one common, fruitful source. The 
 dull soil, the primeval rocks from which all soUs are made, bore the cn-eat 
 secrets of life. " 
 
 It has been well said that were you to show a man, sufficiently versed in 
 the subject of the rocks, a new world, that by an examination of the soil and 
 rocks he could tell exactly what kind of men, the degree of civilization, the 
 boundary line of their improvements, in farming and in all other industries, 
 the new world would eventually evolve. This might seem to some a sweeping 
 assertion, but by all men of tolerable culture it is accepted without furthe? 
 question. ^ 
 
 +1, ?* f.r^^^^'f 'i" "^^ ^^^^ °* *^^ *^™®^ '^"^g^ ^^^ ill closer relations to 
 the land than that of any other class of men. To perfect his education, prac 
 
 vitS {.niTfT <* ^ ^W'' l°.T^^ ^™ *^^ °^^"*«^ °* *^« philosophy of the most 
 vital subject that can affect life, because he is in the position of first import- 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 261 
 
 ance, and when his energies are properly directed, it will of itself place him 
 high and supreme above all others. The fundamentals of our physical life 
 have always rested primarily upon the tillers of the soil, and to the coming 
 farmer will mankind go for the higher qualities of mental life as they have 
 already gone for their physical existence. The rudest tillers of the soil in the 
 darkest ages learned, by patient experiments, some of the lessons the land had 
 to give its children. However limited their acquirements may have been, they 
 were the first lessons in nature's supreme university, whose final diplomas will 
 attest to the best type of minds the earth can produce. The coming farmer 
 will understand the physical laws of this fountain of life at which he toils, sows 
 and reaps. The schools will then teach that all knowledge is simply under- 
 standing the mental and physical laws that hedge us about, that form and shape 
 us in every way from the cradle to the grave. Then, too, will be revealed to the 
 world the important secret that there is nothing so wholly practical as real 
 knowledge. When this great age shall dawn upon the race, then will the 
 ■unfortunate city boy go to the farmer' s school to learn the true knowledge — to 
 be educated. In that age the great man, ' ' the sun crowned, ' ' to whom is 
 accorded universal respect and honors, will be that farmer with the most knowl- 
 edge of the soils he tills. 
 
 The improvement in the manner of cultivating the soil — the introduction of 
 machinery — ^has distinguished the last half of this century. It is not a great 
 while ago that farming, stock raising and all branches of the business, were 
 greatly matters of chance. Mostly the farmer would plow and sow, and gather 
 his crops after the manner of his ancestors. He then did not concern himself 
 about drainage, or fertilizing, or improving his stock, or better implements of 
 husbandry. Now the poorest farmer makes some effort to inform himself. He 
 has learned to read agricultural papers and books, to meet and interchange 
 ideas with his fellow-farmers, and thus he bestows and receives valuable hints 
 and a more accurate knowledge of his own affairs. Agricultural schools are 
 the evidences of what this important class are beginning to do for themselves. 
 These steps along the line of advancement once came very slow, but now they 
 are keeping abreast with the age. These are the most cheering signs of our 
 times. Already he realizes fully that he is in a position to experiment and 
 study cause and effect. This is the beginning of his real school, and once 
 in the right path he will never turn aside. By these means he lifts himself 
 above the narrow selfishness that too often characterizes nearly all other classes 
 of men. 
 
 IMPKOVEMENTS INTRODUCED. 
 
 Reforms move slowly. They are required, as Herbert Spencer says, to pass 
 through three stages: First, that of indifference; second, that of violent opposi- 
 tion; third, that of adoption. Improvements in the material and methods of 
 farming are, by no means, an exception to this general law. 
 
 It was the writer's good fortune lately to have a pleasant interview with 
 Hon. Fred. Watts, of Carlisle, touching the changes in farming that have char- 
 acterized the community. Said he: " About the middle of June, 1839, I was 
 driving in a carriage with my wife from New York to Philadelphia, there being 
 at that time no railroad communication. Near Trenton, N. J. , I was met in 
 the road by a former resident of Carlisle Barracks, Lieut. Wm. Inman^ of the 
 United States Navy, who invited us to spend the night at his house on the farm. 
 We went over. The next day he showed me a field of beautiful wheat which was 
 rapidly ripening for the harvest. He told me that two years prior to that time 
 he had proctired three bushels of the seed near Leghorn, Italy, and was now 
 raising his second crop. I obtained from him six barrels of the same kind, and 
 
262 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 sowed it on my farm near Carlisle. This was the introduction into the United 
 States of the beautiful variety of wheat for a long time very popular and known 
 as Mediterranean. From the six barrels which I sowed it was spread through 
 the Cumberland Valley, and into other portions of the State. 
 
 ' ' It was in the summer of 1840, ' ' continued the judge, ' ' I bought a McCor- 
 mick reaper, and brought it to my farm. When harvest came I determined to 
 test its power in a twelve-acre field that would yield at least thirty-five bushels 
 per acre. "When the appointed time came there were present from five hun- 
 dred to a thousand persons anxious to witness the signal failure of ' Watts' 
 folly, ' as they called the machine. 
 
 "The wheat stood well. The team was started, the cutting was excellent; 
 the draught was not heavy, but the general decision was that one man could not 
 remove the wheat rapidly enough from the machine. The team could not be 
 driven more than -ten or twelve rods till it was necessary to stop and rest the 
 raker and straighten up his sheaves. Finally a well-dressed gentleman, of or- 
 dinary size and pleasant demeanor, came up and asked whether he might be 
 permitted to remove the wheat for a few rounds. Being answered in the affirm- 
 ative, he mounted the machine, and took the raker' s stand. With perfect ease 
 he raked ofp the wheat, nor did he seem to labor hard. After two or three 
 rounds the spectators reversed their former decision and unanimously agreed 
 that the machine was a complete success. ' Watts' folly ' became a favorite, 
 and thus was introduced into the Cumberland Valley the first McCormick, the 
 original reaping machine of the United States. The well-dressed gentleman 
 who did the raking was Cyrus H. McCormick, the inventor of the American 
 reaper. ' ' 
 
 Similar illustrations might be adduced relative to the difficulties that at- 
 tended the introduction of left-handed steel plows, threshing machines, im- 
 proved varieties of fruit and stock, and the general elements of agricultural 
 improvements. The organization of agricultural and horticultural societies, 
 the publication of State and National reports, the teaching of botany, physi- 
 ology, geology and agricultural chemistry, the wide-spread distribution of 
 farm journals, and the general education of the people by all rational means 
 have tended to hasten reforms. The good work is going on. Scientific farm- 
 ing is destined to be not only a lucrative calling, but an intensely interesting 
 intellectual one. 
 
 FIBST STOCK INTRODUCED. 
 
 The first animals brought to America from Europe were imported by Colum- 
 bus, in his second voyage in 1493. He brought over seventeen ships, 
 laden with European trees, plants and seeds of various kinds, and a number 
 of horses, a bull and several cows. The second lot of horses, the first hav- 
 ing all been destroyed soon after landing, was in 1539, by De Soto— a large 
 lot of horses and thirteen cows. The Portugese took cattle and swine to 
 Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in 1553. Thirty years after, they had in- 
 creased so much that Sir, Richard Gilbert was tempted to land there to get 
 supplies of cattle and hogs, but his vessel was wrecked. In 1609 three ships 
 landed at Jamestown, with many emigrants and the following domestic ani- 
 mals: 6 mares, 1 horse, 600 swine. 500 domestic fowls, and a few sheep and 
 goats. Other domestic animals had, however, been introduced there. In 
 1610, an edict was issued in Virginia, prohibiting the killing of domestic ani- 
 mals, on penalty of death. By 1617 the svirine had increased so rapidly that 
 the people were obliged to palisade Jamestown to prevent being overrun by 
 them. In 1627, the Indians in Virginia subsisted mostly upon wild hog meat. 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 263 
 
 In 1648, some of the settlers had a good stock of bees. In 1657, sheep and 
 mares were by law forbidden to be exported from the colony. 
 
 The first importation of domestic animals into New York was in 1625, by 
 the West India Company. These consisted of horses, cattle, sheep and swine. 
 In 1750, the French in Illinois had numbers of horses, cattle and swine. 
 
 WHEAT. 
 
 The first raising of wheat antedates history. Its native country even is 
 not known. It was brought to this country by the earliest settlers, and 
 was first sown in Massachusetts by a man named Gosnold in 1602. It is 
 known that it was raised in Virginia in 1611, but here it was for many years 
 neglected f orthe cultivation of tobacco. Prior to the Revolution, Pennsylvania, 
 among a few other provinces, raised enough for the home market and shipped 
 wheat to the West Indies. 
 
 In 1776 there was entailed upon the country the enduring calamity — the 
 Hessian or wheat fly, which it is supposed came from G-ermany, in some straw 
 employed in the debarkation of Howe' s troops, on the west end of Long Is- 
 land. 
 
 COEN. 
 
 This was called sometimes maize, and for a long time was called Indian 
 com. But now it is corn and is known, used and cultivated throughout the 
 civilized world. It is indigenous to the Western Hemisphere. Once it was 
 the accepted saying in this country, "cotton is king, " but in the past quar- 
 ter of a century, cotton has abdicated, and now " corn is king. ' ' 
 
 Corn is still foimd growing in its wild state from the Eoeky Mountains in 
 the north to the humid forests of Paraguay, where, instead of having each 
 grain naked, as is always the case after long cultivation, it is completely cov- 
 ered with glumes or husks. Columbus found corn cultivated on the island of 
 Cuba a* the time of discovery. 
 
 The first successful attempt to raise it by the English in this country was 
 in 1608, on the James River, by the colonists sent over by the London Com- 
 pany. They pursued the mode that they saw the Indians practice. 
 
 OATS. 
 
 It is known that oats have been raised at least from the times of Pliny. 
 The plant was introduced in North America early in the seventeenth century. 
 
 In the early years of this century, the farming implements used were of the 
 primitive kind. The old wooden plow was the means of preparing the ground; 
 then came the Carey plow, and finally the iron moldboard was introduced with 
 constant improvements to date, and we now have the gang plow, the sulky plow 
 and others in almost endless variety. Men of middle age now can easily re- 
 member when there was no corn planted except that dropped fi'om the hand. 
 The mower and reaper came, and then the reaper and binder, until now a well 
 stocked agricultural store would be a veritable curiosity — a world's agricult- 
 ural implement fair — to those who left the farm only a few years ago. There 
 are men now living who can remember when grain was cut only by the ancient 
 sickle — the scythe and cradle were in their day a great invention. They were 
 an advance like the reaper and binder are to the scythe. 
 
 THE CHAMPION CBADLER. 
 
 In putting away the old " cradle " it is appropriate to here record what may 
 be considered an extraordinary feat by a gentleman now living, and the truth 
 of which is so well attested that its correctness cannot be questioned. 
 
264 HISTOKY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 During the harvest of 1858, the gentleman in question, an expert cradler, 
 cut ten acres of grain in a single day. The feat being noised abroad, some 
 newspaper ridiculed the statement as being absurdly ridiculous. In the mean- 
 time, the report reached the ears of a firm in the Empire State, the proprie- 
 tors of the Millard Fillmore Manufacturing Company, of Claysville, N. Y., 
 who wrote him to inquire whether he could cut ten acres of wheat provided 
 they should make a cradle just to suit his wants; if so, they would be pleased 
 to make him the implement, and present it to him with their compliments. He 
 responded to the effect that if they would make an implement as ordered, he 
 would undertake to cut twelve acres. They agreed. In due time his cradle 
 came, a marvel of beauty and strength.' The blade was sixty-five inches in 
 length, and made of silver steel, cost alone $25. The only difference between 
 this cradle and the ordinary one, was in point of size and the slight curvature 
 of the blade at its heel. 
 
 The long-expected' time finally arrived, judges were appointed, and the 
 champion was authorized to begin his day' s task, the limits being from sunrise 
 to sunset. From far and near the people came, some to witness, as they, pre- 
 dicted, a failure; some to gratify idle curiosity, and others to see the modern 
 Hercules actually accomplish his thirteenth wonder. 
 
 He had employed a physician to traverse the field with him, and to give 
 such medical advice as circumstances required. Under the physician's advice 
 he worked bareheaded, cutting the grain regularly by going around the field. 
 He was clad in linen pants and shirt and ordinary slippers. He took no solid 
 food during the day, nor halted at noon. Once every two hours he stopped 
 briefly to whet his scythe, and then pushed ahead, cutting a swath eleven feet 
 wide and five feet deep at every clip. He made, on an averagfe, twenty -two 
 clips per minute. 
 
 About 2 o' clock in the afternoon, a heavy thunder storm came up, the rain 
 falling in torrents. The lightning flashed, the blade gleaming as it was 
 thrust into the heavy grain. Slippers were thrown aside, and still the heroic 
 man pushed on, determined to redeem his pledge or die in his tracks. No 
 solid food was taken, but liquid nourishment was consumed under the advice of 
 the physician. Sometime during the afternoon, an old hunter suggested to 
 the physician that a piece of raw beef taken between the teeth would benefit 
 the man. It was done, a man being dispatched to Mercersburg to procure a 
 piece which was held and the juice absorbed. At night only the fibres re- 
 mained. 
 
 As the sun sank behind the western hills the judges called time. His task 
 was done. The field was subsequently surveyed, and measured something 
 over twelve acres and a half. It is located near the village of Mercersburg, 
 Franklin Co., Penn. The product of this remarkable day's cradling was 365 
 dozen shocks of wheat, yielding, when thresbed, 262 bushels of grain. The la- 
 bor of four men was required to bind after him. 
 
 The gentleman who did this work, and whose constitution was thoroughly 
 shattered by it, is Michael Cromer, at present the genial and popular conduct- 
 or on the South Penn Eailroad from Chambersburg to Richmond. He never 
 speaks of it with pride, the honor having been gained by wrecking a constitu- 
 tion of unusual vigor and power. A more accommodating railroad oflficial it 
 has not been our good fortune to meet anywhere. At the age of fifty-eight 
 years he still has the respect of everybody who is acquainted with him. 
 
 In the early part of this century the farmers of Franklin County began 
 agitating the subject of forming county agricultural societies. Exactly what 
 year the first meetings of the people were held, looking toward organizing, is 
 
HISTOEY or FRANKLIN COUNTY. 265 
 
 not definitely known. The following is found in a chance copy of an old paper: 
 
 " The Agricultural Society of Franklin County held a meeting at the 
 court-house the 1st day of June, 1824. James Riddle, Prest. ; T. G. McCul- 
 lough. Secy. 
 
 "Note — The members of the society are expected to pay up their annual 
 contribution on or before the day of meeting at Chambersburg. 
 
 "Tuesday, June 5, 1827, a meeting of the Agricultural Society of Franklin 
 was held. T. G. McCullough, Secy," 
 
 Exactly when these society meetings were organized, how long they con- 
 tinued, or exactly their manner of organization is not definitely known. The 
 organization was in advance of the county agricultural societies as they now 
 exist. 
 
 The first regular organization was in the year 1853 — the charter members 
 being Judge James Kennedy; George Chambers, vice president, S. M. Arm- 
 strong, recording secretary; James Mills, corresponding secretary; Alex. K. 
 McClure, treasurer. 
 
 The grounds were fifteen acres, about one mile west of Chambersburg, 
 which is now the colored cemetery. It belonged to Judge Kennedy. 
 
 In 1854 the society held a most successful fair. To the novelty of the oc- 
 casion, Alex. K. McClure succeeded by personal efforts in securing Horace 
 Greeley to come and deliver an address on agriculture. The address was of 
 course able, edifying and interesting. Col. McClure was at that time pub- 
 lishing the Repository and was so pleased with the address that he appealed 
 to Mr. Greeley to permit him to publish it. The great editor placed the manu- 
 script in his hands and the hieroglyphics were as inscrutable as the characters 
 on a tea-chest. After many patient efPorts the services of D. S. Early (who 
 was drowned in Philadelphia in 1855) were called in, and he finally translated 
 the strange characters into English, and the address was printed. But when 
 once in print it richly repaid the labor it had cost. Its advice to the farmers 
 deserved to be not only printed in Col. McClure' s paper, but also to have 
 been hung up over the portals of every farm house in the country, and to be 
 read and re-read at least once every year. 
 
 The second list of officers for the society, elected in 1853, for the year 1854, 
 were: President, George Chambers; vice-president, William Heyser; record- 
 ing secretary, S. M. Armstrong; corresponding secretary, James Nill; treas- 
 urer, Alex. K. McClure. At the fair in 1853, Daniel F. Eobenson delivered an 
 address on agriculture. 
 
 The following officers were elected for the Franklin County Agricultural 
 Society for the year 1855: President, William Heyser; vice-presidents, Will- 
 iam McDowell, James Davidson, James Lowe, Samuel Thompson; managers, 
 Daniel Trostle, F. S. Sambaugh, George Aston, Jacob Heyser, William Bos- 
 sert, Hez. Baston, Peter Brough, Martin Newcomer, Christian StoufPer, Jacob 
 Garver, Benjamin Snively and James Crawford; recording secretary, S. M. 
 Armstrong; corresponding secretary, Jacob Heyser; treasurer, A. K. Mc- 
 Clure. 
 
 Farmers and Mechanics Industrial Association was the third agricultural 
 association fornied in the county. A meeting was called in Chambersburg, 
 Tuesday, January 18, 1859. Col. James B. Orr, president, John Euthrauff, 
 J. Watson Craig, William Bossert, Capt. Samuel Walker, David Spencer, 
 Esq. , John Ditch, John W. Taylor, Joseph G. Cressler, Samuel Gilmore, Sam- 
 uel Alexander, Jacob B. Cook, John Thomas, Benjamin Chambers and Hon. 
 James J. Kennedy, vice -presidents; Francis Northcraft and William D. McKin. 
 stry, secretaries. A committee of two from each township, and two from Cham- 
 bersburg, appointed to solicit membership for the new organization, as follows : 
 
266 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Antrim— John Ruthrauff, Benjamin Snively; Chambersburg— J. "W. Taylor, A. 
 E. Hurst; Fannett — Samuel HoUiday, Simon Miller; Greene — Jacob Garver, S. 
 Breckenridge; Guilford — G. W. Immell, F. Walk; Hamilton — William Bos- 
 sert, Henry Keefer; Letterkenny — S. Gilmore, Samuel Lehman; Lurgan — 
 Thomas Pumi-oy, D. C. Byers; Metal— Capt. S. Walker, Jacob Flickinger; 
 Montgomery — J. Watson Craig, J. L. Rhea; Peters — A. B. McDowell, S. Al- 
 exander; Quincy — Jacob Secrist, John A. Shank; Southampton — D. Hays, 
 David Spencer, Esq.; St. Thomas — Charles Gillan, John Miller; Warren — 
 A. H. McCulloh, Jacob Zimmerman; Washington — Abraham Bar, H. X. 
 Stoner. 
 
 On motion, Hon. John Orr, John W. Taylor, and David M. Lesher were 
 appointed a committee to wait upon the last board of managers of the de- 
 funct old Agricultural Society of Franklin County, and learn if they will con- 
 tribute to the present company as soon as formed, the funds, lands, and other 
 property of said defunct body. 
 
 Andrew N. Rankin, Col. James B. Orr, and Mr. John Ruthrauff appointed 
 a committee to draft a constitution. 
 
 An able and highly instructive address was delivered by William McLellan. 
 
 A constitution was adopted. 
 
 Andrew N. Rankin, Dr. Samuel G. Lane, Jacob Henninger, Jacob N. Sni- 
 der and Peter B. Housum were appointed the county executive committee. 
 
 Officers elected at a meeting, June 7, 1859, to serve the ensuing year, as 
 follows: President, Col. James B. Orr; vice-presidents, William Bossert, 
 James Davison, S. Armstrong, Bradley and Henry Keefer; recording secre- 
 tary, Wm. S. Everett; corresponding secretary, Andrew N. Rankin; treas- 
 urer, Emanuel Kuhn; managers, John Ruthrauff, J. Watson Craig, Benjamin 
 Chambers, Esq., Jacob Heyser, Peter Stenger, Esq., Capt. Samuel Walker, 
 David M. Lesher, William Cline, David A. Wertz, William B. Gabby, Robert 
 Clugston, and James G. Elder. 
 
 A fair to be held in October, continuing four days, was provided for. 
 
 The old society promptly turned over their assets to the new society. 
 
 The Franklin County Agricultural Society was organized October 19, 1875. 
 The board of directors were; James Scott, president; Dr. J. L. Suesserott, 
 vice-president; Calvin Gilbert, secretary; William Heyser, treasurer; Dr. E. 
 Culbertson, James A. McKnight, John P. Culbertson, M. A. Keefer. Dr. A. 
 H. Senseny, E. J. Bonebrake, Peter Kreighbaum, M. A. Foltz, W. F. Eyster, 
 and John Forbes, 
 
 The last board: Dr. J. L. Suesserott, president; A. H. Etter, vice-pres- 
 ident; Calvin Gilbert, secretary; William Heyser, treasurer; John P. Cul- 
 bertson, James A. McKnight, M. A. Keefer, E. J. Bonebrake, M. A. Foltz, 
 Jere Ehoadarmer, N. P. Grove, A. A. Skinner, John Gerhig and W. P. 
 Slaughenhaupt. It ceased to exist in 1882 or 1883. 
 
 Pet Stock Association in 1879-80 was in a flourishing condition. Its meet- 
 ings were held in Repository Hall, Chambersburg. The following were the 
 officers: President, L. L. Springer. Vice-Presidents,. Rev. F. F. Bahner, 
 Waynesboro; H. C. Greenawalt, Fayetteville; J. M. Long, Loudon; Solomon 
 Sellenberger, Guilford; Dr. W. C. Lane, Orrstown; John Croft, St. Thomas; 
 P. E. Kreps, Greencastle; Dr. Martin, Mercersburg; H. S. Gilbert, Cham- 
 bersburg; C. C. Sehrebler, Chambersburg; G. R. Colliflower, Chambersburg; 
 Dr. B. Bowman, Chambersbui'g. Recording Secretary, W. B. Tolbert. Cor- 
 responding Secretary, T. M. Nelson. Treasurer, A. H. McCulloh. Auditor, 
 J. P. Keefer. Executive Board, N. P. Grove, J. N. Snider, Rev. A. S. Hart- 
 man, J. M. Gable, J. L. Senseny, H. C. Seibert. Superintendent, N. P. 
 Grove. 
 
cO^^ 
 
HISTORY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 269 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 Inteoduotokt View of the Human Struotuee— Sketches of Prominent 
 Deceased Physicians— Epidemics— Medical Societies— Roster of Pres- 
 ent Physicians. 
 
 THE proper study of mankind is man " is a truth very generally conceded. 
 This embraces a knowledge of man in all his departments and relations 
 — his origin, his mental and physical structure, his duties to himself, to his 
 kind and to his creator, and his destiny. 
 
 Our subject has to do mainly with but one principal department, man's 
 physical nature, " the house I live in." This house is truly a complex and 
 interesting structure, two stories and a half in height, the windows all being 
 in the half story or cupola. Its frame-work is such as to compel an inspired 
 man to say admiringly of his own body: "lam fearfully and wonderfully 
 made." It has the power of locomotion, being removed from one point to 
 another with ease and rapidity. This house has a firm and perfectly fitted 
 framework, well covered with weather-boarding, and thoroughly joined to- 
 gether by cords properly adapted to their purpose. Within it has a most re- 
 markable system of machinery, consisting of engines and fans and boilers and 
 tubes and valves, and all the arrangements to run it successfully. The ex- 
 pression, "the house I live in," implies two beings, the house and its occu- 
 pant. We are all renters. Like the snail, we carry about us and with us, 
 everywhere, a temporary dwelling place. With ordinary care, it may be held 
 seventy years, the allotted period of life. With abuse, it must be vacated on 
 short notice — often without any notice. 
 
 There are comparatively few good housekeepers. Carlyle, learned and 
 caustic, confessed that when seventy years old he discovered he had a stomach. 
 Sidney Smith said every man living to the age of seventy had eaten forty 
 wagon loads more than he needed. The majority of mankind live from day to 
 day in utter ignorance and in many cases utter defiance of the simplest laws 
 of their being. Strange as it may seem, the race was not aware till it had 
 reached the opening of the seventeenth century that the heart sends a life-fluid 
 coursing through the system; and but for the courage of Dr. Harvey, in an- 
 nouncing and defending the doctrine of the constant circulation of the blood, 
 mankind would, doubtless, be to-day enveloped in like ignorance. 
 
 It is within the memory of not the oldest inhabitant, that all sorts of 
 diseases were cured by the sorcerer's incantation or pow-wow; that the use of 
 a buzzard's gizzard, immersed in vinegar, would cure every species of snake 
 bite ; that rubbing of skunk oil or goose fat upon the side would cure pleurisy ; 
 that the hanging about the neck of a spider incased in a thimble would cure 
 whooping-cough; that the letting of a small quantity of blood from the chief 
 vein of the arm would relieve the patient from earthly ills; that the sight of 
 the moon over the left shoulder was indicative of good luck; that the washing 
 of the cat's face indicated the approach of visitors; that vegetables planted in 
 the dark of the moon would produce rank tops but no fruit ; that the paring 
 of finger nails on Friday was indicative of ill-luck, etc. 
 
 The age of superstition is not wholly past when people imagine that the 
 
270 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ills of mankind may be removed by charms and spells and certain faith cures. 
 Until people realize that certain causes produce certain effects and that noth- 
 ing short of the removal or modification of the cause can produce any perma- 
 nent change, no marked reform can be hoped for. 
 
 One of the hopeful signs of the times is the fact that the rudiments of anat- 
 omy, physiology and hygiene are being introduced into our common school 
 courses of study. Children need to learn that sound health depends upon 
 proper eating, sleeping, drinking and exercising, and not upon the particular 
 locality occupied, or the amount of foreign substances taken into the system; 
 that good habits of life, early established, will continue steadfast friends all along 
 the journey and insure happiness; that a vigorous and pleasant old age depends 
 upon the foundation laid in youth; and that not by a change of climate neces- 
 sarily, but by heeding nature's laws, perfect health is secured. 
 
 Physicians will have an easier and pleasanter practice when their patients, 
 are intelligent in these fundamental matters. Doctors will then become what 
 they were intended to be, and what the good sense of all intelligent ones sug- 
 gests they should be, the confidential and successful health advisers of the 
 people. An intelligent obedience to health laws will supplant the indiscrimin- 
 ate and often hurtful use of patent nostrums and strong medicines. 
 
 Through all these difficulties medical science has had to advance. Its po- 
 sition to-day is the result of much empiricism, and the recording of observa- 
 tions made. It must of necessity be a growth, the concentrated wisdom of 
 the ages. 
 
 It is much to be regretted that no records of the early medical practice in. 
 the coimty are accessible. Eebel flames consumed, in 1864, much of what had 
 been collected in that line. In the following pages will be found such facts 
 as could be gathered from a variety of sources. Dr. W. C. Lane, of Mercers- 
 burg, has kindly contributed the personal sketches of a number of prominent 
 physicians, all written in his inimitable style. His brother, Dr. S. G. Lane, 
 has furnisned the material relative to the early diseases and epidemics of the 
 county. 
 
 Had the registration now in force existed from the early settlement, many 
 facts connected with the profession, which are now wholly lost, would have 
 been preserved. The past may not be remedied: the future may be secured by 
 an adoption of the wise policy of preserving records carefully and fully. 
 
 EARLY MEDICAL HISTOEY OP CHAMBEESBUEG. 
 
 The first physician who ever practiced medicine within the present limits 
 of Franklin County was Dr. Hugh Mercer, subsequently the distinguished 
 general of the Revolution. 
 
 DB. HUGH MERCER. 
 
 Hugh Mercer was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1721, and, after receiv- 
 ing a liberal education, devoted himself to the study of medicine. At the 
 memorable battle of Culloden, between the forces of Charles Edward and the 
 Duke of Cumberland, Dr. Mercer served as a surgeon's assistant; and, after 
 the defeat of the Scotch army, and the flight of the Pretender, he left his na- 
 tive country, a refugee, and came to America. He settled near Greencastle, 
 Franklin Co. , Penn. , about the year 1750. At that early date, this region was 
 an almost unexplored wilderness, and it is difficult to understand why the cul- 
 tivated young physician should select so wild a location, in which few white 
 men were yet to be found. He remained there until the Indians, emboldened 
 by the defeat of Braddock, in 1755, made frequent and bloody forays into the 
 country east of the Kittatinny Mountain. To protect themselves from these 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 271 
 
 murderous irruptions, the settlers formed themselves into several companies of 
 rangers, of one of v?hich Dr. Mercer was appointed captain. His commission 
 is dated March 6, 1756. His field of operation extended from the Welsh 
 Eun District, and Mercersburg, into remote regions along the foot of the moun- 
 tain. His headquarters were frequently at McDowell's Fort, situated at the 
 present village of Bridgeport. Dr. Mercer's company formed a part of the 
 force of Col. John Armstrong, with which he surprised and destroyed the In- 
 dian village at Kittatinny, in the fall of 1756. On this occasion, he marched 
 from Fort Shii-ley, in Huntingdon County, at which post he discharged the 
 duties of surgeon to the garrison, as well as those pertaining to his military 
 station. At Kittanning, he was severely .wounded in the shoulder, by a rifle 
 bullet, and was carried from the field to a place of safety. But becoming sep- 
 arated from his comrades, he was soon surrounded by the savages, and saved 
 himself from capture by crawling into the trunk of a fallen and hollow tree. 
 During the progress of the fight, the Indians passed over the tree in which he 
 was concealed; but, not suspecting his presence, he remained undiscovered. 
 After the rout of the foe, Mercer crept from his hiding place, and found that 
 his friends had also left the field of battle. His situation was now one of no 
 ordinary embarrassment and danger. Faint from the loss of blood, and suf- 
 fering from a severe wound, he was alone in the wilderness, surrounded by a 
 savage foe, at a distance of more than one hundred miles from any settlement, 
 and without the means of procuring subsistence. Under these trying and 
 discouraging circumstances, the dauntless courage of the heroic soldier did not 
 desert him. He determined to pursue his way as best he could toward Fort 
 Cumberland, which then stood where the town of Cumberland, Md. , was sub- 
 sequently built. On his slow and painful joTirney he lived on roots, berries 
 and the body of a rattlesnake, which, with much difficulty, he managed to kill 
 and skin, in consequence of the wound received at Kittanning having rendered 
 his right arm powerless. After encountering many and great privations, he at 
 length reached the Fort, just as his strength was about sinking under the fa- 
 tigue and suffering he had so long endured. He slowly recovered from his 
 wound, and, in the summer of the following year, 1757, he was commander 
 of the garrison in the fort at Shippensbarg, then the verge of the frontier of 
 the province. On December 4, 1757, he was commissioned major in the 
 ' ' forces of the Province of Pennsylvania, ' ' and ' ' was posted west of the 
 Susquehanna. ' ' Mercer accompanied the command of Gen. John Forbes, in 
 his expedition in the following year, against Fort Du Quesne. During this 
 march he first met Washington, then a brigadier- general of Virginia troops; 
 and, at this period, began the intimate and enduring friendship which existed 
 between these two distinguished men. After the evacuation and burning of 
 Fort Du Quesne, by the French and Indians, Mercer, now promoted to colonel, 
 was left in command of the post, and by him the fortification was partially re- 
 built. Two hundred of Washington's Virginia troops formed part of the 
 garrison, which comprised in all 409 men. 
 
 After the conclusion of the French and Indian war and the evacuation of 
 the Western forts by their French garrisons. Col. Mercer temporarily retired 
 from military life, and, at the solicitation of Washington, left his home in the 
 wilds of Pennsylvania, taking up his abode at Fredericksburg, Va., where he 
 resumed the practice of medicine. He was living in Fredericksburg at the be- 
 ginning of the Revolution, and was commissioned colonel of one of the Vir- 
 ginia regiments in the patriot army. Through the influence of Washington he 
 received the appointment of brigadier-general. He accompanied Washington 
 on his retreat through New Jersey, and ' ' rendered him valuable aid at the 
 
272 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 battle of Trenton." At the battle of Princeton in 1777, Mercer led the van- 
 guard of the American army, and, while exhibiting admirable skill and courage 
 in the management of his command, his horse was shot under him and he was 
 forced to continue the fight on foot. He was quickly surrounded by a number 
 of British soldiers and ordered to sun-ender. Unheeding the summons he drew 
 bis sword and vigorously began the unequal contest with his overpowering 
 foes. At length he was beaten to the ground with their muskets, and, after 
 brutally thrusting him with their bayonets, they left him, supposing life had 
 fled. He was carried to a neighboring house by Maj. Armstrong, a son of 
 his old commander. Col. John Armstrong. When Washington heard the sad 
 fortune of his friend and compatriot, he sent his nephew, Maj. Lewis, to watch 
 over the last hours and minister to the wants of the dying hero. A few 
 days after the battle, Mercer died in the arms of Maj. Lewis. In private life 
 Mercer was mild and retiring, and his gentle and amiable deportment gave no 
 indication of the dauntless bravery he so often displayed in sanguinary con- 
 flicts with savage and civilized foes. 
 
 Whether the professional visits of Dr. Mercer extended to the settlement 
 at the Falling Spring, we have no means of ascertaining; but beyond doubt 
 they did, as there was at that time no physician but himself in the Conoco- 
 cheague settlement, which then included the district between Chambersburg 
 and his place of residence. At a much later day .the physicians of Cham- 
 bersburg were in the habit of making much longer professional rides. 
 
 In the early days of Chambersburg, the hardy settlers were unacquainted 
 with the luxuries and refinements of more cultivated society, and their primi- 
 tive habits and modes of living rendered the services of a physician rarely 
 necessary. In most new settlements of that day, there were men among the 
 sturdy pioneers who possessed some general knowledge of the more simple 
 diseases, and the means by which they could be successfully treated. Thus, 
 they were enabled to dispense with the services of the medical man, until the 
 growth of the community, and the introduction of the many enervating 
 customs of fashionable life, multiplied their diseases, and required the aid of 
 those who made diseases and their treatment their special study. The people 
 of the Conococheague formed no exception to this rule. 
 
 Many years ago, the Hon. George Chambers told the writer that his 
 grandfather. Col. Benjamin Chambers, the founder of the settlement, was 
 in the habit of gratuitously prescribing for his neighbors, and performing the 
 operations of extracting teeth and bleeding when they were required. 
 
 DK. JOHN CAXHOON. 
 
 However, as the settlement increased in numbers, and the habits of the 
 people changed, a physician was needed, and Dr. John Calhoon came to the 
 place. We know little about Dr. Calhoon' s early life, further than that he 
 was a native of Cumberland County, and a gentlemen of education who had 
 been regularly instructed in the science of medicine. He married Miss 
 Kuhamah, daughter of Col. Chambers, and lived in the white weather-boarded 
 house on the northeast comer of Main and King Streets. He lived there for 
 some years, and, in 1782, began the erection of the fine stone building north 
 of the Falling Spring Church, now owned and occupied by William L. 
 Chambers, Esq. Dr. Calhoon died in the same year, in the forty-second year 
 of his age. The building was completed and occupied by his widow. During 
 a visit to his daughter, Mrs. Calhoon, Col. Benjamin Chambers received his 
 summons to depart; and, after an illness of a few hours, died on the 17th of 
 February, 1788, aged about eighty years. The departure of this noted man 
 was calm and peaceful, and free from physical sufPering. 
 
HISTOUY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 273 
 
 DR. ABRAHAM SENSENY. 
 
 The next physician who settled in Chambersburg was Dr. Abraham Sen- 
 seny, the first of a family of physicians who adorned the medical profession, 
 and whose professional labors extended througjh a century of the history of 
 Chambersburg. It is sad to remember that, only now, this conspicuous 
 family has no medical representative in the community in whose growth and 
 interest they were so prominently identified for so long a period. Dr. 
 Senseny was born in New Holland, Lancaster County, in 1761. At an early 
 age he went to York and began the study of his profession. In 1799, he went 
 to Hagerstown, Md., with the design of locating in that town. But, not 
 liking the place, he same to Chambersburg, where he remained a short time, 
 and then returned to York, and recommenced his medical studies, and 
 remained in that tqwn until the fall of 1781, when he finally settled perma- 
 nently in Chambersburg. At that early date the town was small and the 
 inhabitants few in number. The only street then laid out was Main Street, 
 which extended from the site of the Reformed Church to the residence of Dr. 
 Calhoon, which was some distance beyond the majority of the buildings. Dr. 
 Senseny lived in a small log house, which stood near the residence of the late 
 Dr. B. S. Schneck, on East Market Street. Between his house and the Public 
 Square were only three or four small log houses, mostly surrounded by woods. 
 Near the residence of Dr. Senseny was a considerable hill, on part of which 
 the academy now stands. This hill, which was largely removed by the 
 grading of the streets and the making of the railroad, was covered with 
 thick woods, which abounded in wild animals of different varieties. Mrs. 
 Senseny told the writer, many years ago, that the wolves could be heard howling 
 upon the hill at nightfall, and that they often vtotured near enough to the 
 margin of the woods to enable her to see their lank and grisly forms from her 
 door. On Market Street, between the Diamond and the Conococheague 
 Creek, no houses had been built, and the original forest yet remained. Col. 
 Chambers lived on the bank of the creek, near the western extremity of the 
 King Street bridge, and his orchard covered many acres, extending to Market 
 Street on the south, and to Franklin Street on the west. The only place 
 where the creek could be crossed was at the ford, where the fine bridge now 
 spans the stream at the western end of Queen Street. This ford was crossed 
 by means of a flat boat belonging to Col. Chambers. Dr. Senseny practiced 
 his profession in Chambersburg and the surrounding country for a period of 
 sixty-three years, and had a large practice, and was considered a safe and 
 judicious practitioner. He was the first physician to the Franklin County 
 Alms House, his term of service beginning in 1808, the year in which the 
 institution was built. Dr. Senseny died suddenly, of apoplexy, in February, 
 1844, when he had nearly completed his eighty-third year. 
 
 DB. ALEXANDER STEWART. 
 
 Dr. Alexander Stewart was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, and received 
 his medical education at the celebrated university of that city. We know noth- 
 ing of hie early life. He was appointed surgeon's mate in the Third Pennsyl- 
 vania Regiment, in the Continental Ai'my, and served in the general hospital 
 for three years, from 1776 to 1779. On the 16th of October, 1779, he was 
 appointed surgeon of the regiment. He resigned his position January 1, 1783, 
 and settled in Chambersburg. He was induced to go there by the influence of 
 Maj. Allison, a soldier of the Revolution, and then a resident of the town. 
 Many of the older citizens will remember the brave old soldier who lived so 
 long among them. The writer has had access to an old day-book which 
 
274 HISTOBT OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 belonged to Dr. Stewart, and which contains charges against many of the old 
 and most influential citizens of Chambersburg and its neighborhood. It will 
 be observed that the professional visits of the Doctor extended many miles 
 from his home, and into remote regions whose people wished to avail themselves 
 of his professional skill. The charges extend through the years 1783-84-85- 
 86. A few of these entries we will transcribe. On the 13th of March, 1783, 
 appear the following items: "Col. Benjamin Chambers, To Miss Hetty, Sal. 
 Glaub. 1 oz." "Col. James Chambers, To family visit, 15 shillings; August 
 17th, 1783, To Betsy, 12 pil. Mercury, 2s. Od." "Col. Crawford (at creek), 
 23 September, 1783, To 6 vomits, -Is." "Andrew Phillips (cross the ford). 
 To son, vomit, 2s." "John Andrew (spring), Dec. 8, 1783, to the Schoolmas- 
 ter, Cath. Is." "Samuel Ireland (Fort Loadon), July 16, 1783, To son, 
 vomit. Is. 3d." "Mr. Lang (Minister), June 26, 1784, To a poor man a 
 vomit and cathartic, by your desire." "Capt. Benjamin Chambers, Nov. 23, 
 1783, To 1 dr. Camphor Is. 6d."' "Col. Culbertson, May 5, 1783, To son, 
 visit and dressing toe, 8 shillings." Among other names appear those of 
 William Chambers, Col. James Young, John Calhoon, Mr. McCulloh (at 
 Fullerton's Mill, father of the late Thomas G. McCulloh, Esq.), Edward Craw- 
 ford, Sr,, Samuel Dryden, Walter Beatty, George Chambers, Joseph Cham- 
 bers, Maj. Boggs, Alexander Culbertson, John Eaton (mountain fort), William 
 Wier (below Claren's gap), John Ramsey (Tuscarora Valley), against whom 
 the following entry is made on the 28th of September, 1783, " To visit, reduc- 
 ing fractured tibia and fibula 1£ — 10 shillings." Nathan McDowell, John 
 Kerr (near Town), James Crawford (in the corner), Mr. Brown (Big Spring), 
 Capt. Piper (near Fort Loudon), Humphrey Fullerton, Esq. , Fergus Moor- 
 head, Jeremiah Galvin (Rocky Spring), Col. John Thomson, John Morton 
 (Tuscarora Valley), Nicholas Snider, Alexander Crawford, Mr. Elliott (Path 
 Valley), Josiah Allen, William Wallace (in town), Capt. Conrad Snider, John 
 Moor (Back Creek), Maj. Talbot, Col. Watson, M. Fawver (minister), John 
 Jack, John Vance and William Dickie (West Conococheague). These, as 
 well as many other names in this qaaint old book, are conspicuously distin- 
 guished in the early history of Franklin County, and many of them were brave 
 soldiers in the Revolution. The Doctor's practice was large, and, as is obvi- 
 ous from the extracts from his account book, of the highest respectability. 
 
 Citizens of Bedford, McConnellsburg, Big Spring and other equally dis 
 tant localities, were also among the Doctor's large clientage. Dr. Stewart 
 built and resided in the white rough-cast house, on the corner of Queen and 
 Water Streets, which, after his death, was for many years occupied by his 
 brother-in-law, the late Maj. Allison. Dr. Stewart died in 1793. 
 
 DR. ANDBEW m'dOWELL. 
 
 Dr. Andrew McDowell was brought up in the neighborhood of Mercersburg, 
 and prosecuted his medical studies at the University of Pennsylvania, from 
 which institution he received the degree of M. B., in the year 1787. 
 Soon after the completion of his studies, he located in Chambersburg, and 
 entered upon the active practice of his profession. He remained here 
 until the year 1831, when he relinquished his profession, moved to Mer- 
 cersburg, Penn., and lived with his son. Dr. John McDowell, a prominent 
 practitioner of that town, until the occurrence of his death, at an advanced 
 age, in the year 1846. Dr. McDowell had another son, Dr. Andi-ew, who re- 
 sided in Pittsburgh, and ranked among the most prominent physicians of 
 Western Pennsylvania. Dr. McDo-well was a fine classical scholar, and, 
 during his residence in Chambersburg, enjoyed a large and respectable practice. 
 
HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 275 
 
 DR. OLINGMAN. 
 
 A Dr. Clingman lived in Chambersburg for six or seven years, between the 
 years 1788 and 1798. He was a man of fine ability and character, and stood 
 high in the estimation of the public. His manners were agreeable and his 
 address very pleasing. Yet, he made little efPort to secure a medical practice, 
 •and, consequently, his success was rather limited. 
 
 DR. ANDEEW BADM. 
 
 Dr. Andrew Baum, a native of Germany, lived in Chambersburg in the 
 year 1790, and occupied the house owned by the late Col. Elder, nearly oppo- 
 site the Falling Spring Church. He was a graduate of one of the celebrated 
 'German universities, and was a fine scholar and an accomplished physician. 
 He remained in Chambersburg only two or three years, and then removed to 
 Demarara, where he died, after the accumulation of a very large fortune. 
 
 DR. WILLIAM B. SCOTT. 
 
 The next physician in regular succession was Dr. William B. Scott. Dr. 
 Scott was a son of Judge Scott, of Hunterstown, Adams Co. , Penn. , and set- 
 tled in Chambersburg about the year 1793. He was certainly here very early 
 in the following year, because his name frequently occurs in an old day-book 
 of 1794, which ttie writer had in his possession. He left town probably in 
 1804 or 1805. Dr. Scott was highly respected and was very popular on ac- 
 count of his fine social qualities and professional attainments. His friends 
 were many, and his practice was large. 
 
 DR. JOHN SLOAN. 
 
 Dr. John Sloan was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland, in the year 
 1760. Of his early years, no information can now be obtained, but the fact 
 that he was a licentiate of Dublin College of Surgeons, and the additional 
 assurance presented in his advertisement, when he movec^ to Chambersburg, 
 ^'that he had attended the different classes in the profession, for nine years in 
 London, with the practice of their hospitals for that time;" and, further, 
 that he had ' ' practiced ten years in Europe, and four years in the city of 
 Philadelphia." Dr. Sloan acted a prominent part in the Irish rebellion of 
 1798, and was seized by the British Government and confined in the military 
 barracks at Claremont. After a few days' confinement in that place, he was 
 tried for treason, convicted and sentenced to death. Through the intercession 
 of the Eev. Hugh Boleyn, a Presbyterian divine, with his friend. Lord Caledon, 
 the latter exerted his influence with Lord Henry Murray, the commander of 
 of the force engaged in the suppression of the rebellion, and thus secured a 
 commutation of the sentence to one of one thousand lashes and banishment 
 from the country, within fourteen days, the original sentence to be en- 
 forced, provided he should ever return. The execution of this inhuman sen 
 tence was begun; but, before receiving one half of the number of lashes or- 
 dered, the surgeon of the station declared that his life would be forfeited, 
 should the whole number be inflicted. He was, accordingly, released, and left 
 Ireland as soon as he had recovered sufficiently to embark for America. He 
 arrived in Philadelphia in the beginning of the year 1799, with his body 
 cruelly lacerated by the brutal punishment he had received, by order of the 
 British Government. He remained in Philadelphia, and practiced his profes- 
 sion until 1803, when, on November 22, of that year, he moved to Chambers- 
 burg. Dr. Sloan died in August, 1831, aged seventy -one years. 
 
276 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 DR. THOMAS WALMSLEY. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Walmsley completed his medical studies in Philadelphia, in 
 1803, and moved to Chambersburg soon afterward. He remained there only 
 a short time, and went to Hagerstown in the summer of 1805. He died soon 
 after his settlement in his new home. Dr. Walmsley was a gentleman of fine 
 intellect, and possessed a fondness for scientific investigations, which he pur- 
 sued with ardor and enthusiasm. As a physician he occupied the highest rank 
 among his brother physicians, both in Philadelphia and Chambersburg, while 
 with some of the most distinguished of the former he was associated in his 
 medical pupilage. In his death science lost an ardent and devoted follower. 
 
 DR. SAMUEL D. OULBERTSON. 
 
 Among the most distinguished men of the Cumberland Valley, the late Dr. 
 Samuel Duncan Culbertson holds a conspicuous place. Dr. Culbertson's ances- 
 tors belonged to the famous Scotch-Irish, who were chiefly instrumental in res- 
 cuing the beautiful valley from its savage invaders in the old French and Indian 
 wars, and were ardent and uncompromising patriots all through the dark days 
 of the Revolution. Robert Culbertson, the father of the Doctor, was captain 
 of a company of Cumberland County troops in the Fifth Battalion of Col. 
 Joseph Armstrong, as early as the summer of 1776. On the 14th day of Au- 
 gust, at a meeting of the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, held in 
 Philadelphia, it was ''^ordered, that Robert Culbertson, Esq'r. be appointed 
 Waggon Master of said county (Cumberland), in the room of the said Matthew 
 Gregg," resigned. This was a responsible position in the military service of 
 the State, and its duties were by no means indicated by its title. Previous ta 
 this date he had been promoted to lieutenant-colonel. This promotion had been 
 made as early as April, 1778. Samuel D. Culbertson was born on his father's 
 farm, at the head of " Culbertson's Row," on the 21st of February, 1786. He 
 was educated at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa. After the completion of 
 his college course he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Walmsley, 
 in Chambersburg. When that gentleman moved to Hagerstown, in 1805, 
 young Culbertson accompanied him; and, when the death of Dr. Walmsley oc- 
 curred soon afterward, the young student continued his studies in the office of 
 Dr. Young, with whom his deceased preceptor had formed a partnership. He 
 returned to Chambersburg in 1807, and began the practice of medicine, and 
 soon secured a very large and respectable business. Before his settlement in 
 Chambersburg, he attended one course of lectures in the University of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 In 1836, as an acknowledgment of his professional skill and attainments, 
 he received the honorary degree of M. D. When the President made a requi- 
 sition on Pennsylvania for her quota of troops to resist the invasion of the- 
 British army in 1812, the Doctor marched as first lieutenant of Capt. Jere- 
 miah Snider' s company of volunteers. When the troops had all assembled at 
 Meadville, the place of rendezvous, and were formed into a brigade, he was 
 appointed surgeon-in-chief of the brigade, and remained in the field until the 
 expiration of the time for which the troops had enlisted, and then returned 
 home and resumed his practice. The peaceful vocation of a physician's life' 
 was, however, soon again interrupted by the rude alarm of war. When the 
 news of the threatened attack of the British on Baltimore, in 1814, reached 
 Chambersburg, Dr. Culbertson immediately raised a company of volunteers, 
 of which he was unanimously chosen captain, and marched without delay tO' 
 the relief of that city. When the enemy retired and the services of the com- 
 pany were no longer needed, he marched it home, and again resumed his pro- 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 279 
 
 fessional laibors. He continued in active and laborious practice until the year 
 1832, when he retired from the ranks of a profession which he had so signally- 
 adorned, in favor of Drs. Lane and Bain, whom he had associated with him- 
 self a few months previously. After his retirement from practice, he did not 
 lose his interest in medical affairs, and was habitually consulted by his medical 
 brethren in emergencies and difficult or obscure cases. His wise counsel was 
 always cheerfully rendered whenever sought. After his retirement from his 
 profession, he became extensively engaged in the manufacture of straw boards, 
 in conjunction with G. A. Shryock and several other gentlemen of Chambers- 
 burg. Subsequently he bought the interests of his partners, and, the business 
 proving highly lucrative and successful, he finally retired with a large fortune. 
 Dr. Culbertson's contributions to medical literature were not extensive, but 
 they were original and valuable. ' ' A lengthy report of a case treated by him 
 was deemed of sufficient value to be appended to a work on kindred diseases 
 by a writer of authority; and a communication of his on a vexed question in 
 physiology attracted the hearty commendations of the celebrated Prof. Chap- 
 man," so long the most eminent member of the medical profession in America^ 
 Dr. Culbertson died August 25, 1865, aged seventy- nine years, leaving a 
 reputation, possibly yet unrivaled, certainly unexcelled, in the medical his- 
 tory of Franklin County. 
 
 DB. JBBEMIAH SENSENT. 
 
 Dr. Jeremiah Senseny was a native of Chambersburg, and a son of Dr. 
 Abraham Senseny. He studied medicine under the instruction of his father, 
 and began the practice of it in the year 1809. Dr. Senseny pursued his pro- 
 fessional business with much ardor and enthusiasm until the beginning of the- 
 war vrith England, in 1812, when he promptly enlisted as a private in th» 
 company of Capt. Henry Reges, in the fall of that year. At Meadville, when 
 the brigade was formed, he was appointed assistant to Dr. S. D. Culbertson, 
 the surgeon-in-chief, but was soon compelled to resign the office in conse- 
 quence of failing health. In 1814 he again volunteered in his country's de- 
 fense, and went with Capt. John Findlay to Baltimore, as one of the officers- 
 of the company commanded by that gentleman. At the close of the war he 
 resumed his practice in Chambersburg, which, for many yearp, was very large 
 and lucrative. He died August 6, 1863, at an advanced age. 
 
 DB. ALEXANDEB T. DEAN. 
 
 Dr. Alexander T. Dean located in Chambersburg in 1815, after the close- 
 of the war, in which he had taken an active part as a volunteer. He was a 
 member of a company that was formed in the neighborhood of Mercersburg, 
 and proceeded to Buffalo, in 1812. Previous to his removal to Chambersburg- 
 he had resided for a short time in Huntingdon, Perm. , his native county. In 
 1816 he formed a partnership with Dr. Watkins, which, however, was not 
 long continued. In 1824 he and Dr. N. B. Lane formed an association, 
 which continued imtil 1826, and was dissolved by the contemplated removal 
 of Dr. Dean to Harrisburg, which event occurred in 1828. Dr. Dean was a 
 gentleman of very superior intellect, and possessed varied and extensive ac- 
 quirements. In medical lore, especially, he was thoroughly skilled. Although 
 possessing a great fondness for the literature of his profession, his mind was, 
 perhaps, rather too metaphysical and speculative for the dry details and un- 
 bending facts of medicine. He was a fluent and graceful speaker, and an 
 elegant and accomplished writer. Having suffered from severe attacks of 
 rheumatism, as well as from occasional hemorrhages from the lungs, he was, 
 to a considerable degree, unfitted for encountering the arduous duties per- 
 
280 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 taming to the practice of medicine. Dr. Dean practiced in Harrisburg from his 
 removal from Chambersburg, in 1828, until the autumn of 1834, when his valu- 
 able life was destroyed by cholera. Dr. Dean was forty-six years old when so 
 suddenly called away, and he died much lamented by a large circle of admir- 
 ing friends, to whom his many estimable qualities, of both head and heart, 
 had greatly endeared him. 
 
 DR. THOMAS G. WATKIN8. 
 
 Dr. Thomas G. Watkins lived and practiced in Chambersburg from the 
 autumn of 1814 to the close of the year 1816. He then returned to Virginia, 
 in which State he had previously resided. He was a gentleman of fine appear- 
 ance and address, and was the possessor of much medical knowledge and skill. 
 However, he soon became unpopular with the people of the town, in conse- 
 quence of the exorbitant fees which he demanded for his professional services. 
 
 DE. GEOBGE B. m' KNIGHT. 
 
 Dr. George B. McKnight was a native of Chambersburg, and the son of the 
 Bev. Dr. John McKnight, for some years pastor of Kocky Spring Church. Dr. 
 McKnight was also engaged in the war of 1814, and was a member of the vol- 
 unteer company commanded by Dr. Culbertson. At the close of the war he 
 was appointed surgeon in the army, in which capacity he served until the year 
 1824, when he resigned and settled in Chambersburg. He remained in prac- 
 tice there untU 1829, when he received an appointment in the navy. 
 
 DR. PETER FAHNESTOCK. 
 
 Dr. Peter Fahnestock practiced in Chambersburg from 1825 to 1837, re- 
 moving to Pittsburgh in the latter year. After residing in that city for several 
 years, he went to Indiana, in which State he died many years ago. 
 
 DR. JOSEPH LANGSTON. 
 
 In the year 1830, Dr. Joseph Langston went to Chambersburg and en- 
 gaged in the practice of his profession. He was an Englishman, and had 
 been licensed by the College of Apothecaries, of London, but had not received, 
 as that association does not confer, the title of doctor of medicine. After- 
 ward he devoted his attention particularly to surgery, and, as a practical sur- 
 geon, his acquirements were considered quite respectable. He was a skill- 
 ful operator, and, had sufficient opportunities offered, he would, doubtless, 
 have distinguished himself in that branch of medical science. He left town in 
 1883, and returned to England. 
 
 DR. WM. ELDER AND DR. ALEX. SHIELDS. 
 
 Dr. William Elder and Dr. Alexander Shields began the practice of medi- 
 cine in Chambersburg nearly at the same time. Dr. Elder began in 1834, 
 and remained until 1836, and then moved to the western part of the State, 
 and, we believe, lived at one time in the city of Pittsburgh. Dr. Shields prac- 
 ticed between the years 1833 and 1835, and then went to Springfield, HI., 
 where he entered into a medical partnership with the late Dr. Edmund Cul- 
 bertson, of Chambersburg. Dr. Elder had a fine literary taste, which he assid- 
 uously improved, and became a lecturer on slavery and temperance, of much 
 power and acceptance. He was an able, eloquent and effective speaker. 
 
 DR. DAVID JAMISON. 
 
 Dr. David Jamison, a young physician of Baltimore, located in Chambers- 
 burg in 1832, with the design of making that town the theater of his future 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 281 
 
 professional labors. But his hopes were destined to an early and fatal disap- 
 pointment. A short time after his arrival, in the night of October 13, 1832, 
 he was seized with cholera, during its first visitation to Chambersburg, and, 
 before the dawn of the morrow, his spirit had fled to another sphere, beyond 
 the grave. 
 
 DE. WILLIAM A. FINLET. 
 
 Dr. William A. Finley, after having been largely engaged in the practice 
 of his profession for more than twenty years in Shippensburg, Penn. , moved to 
 Chambersburg in 1836. His career was lamentably short, as he died suddenly 
 in the next year. Dr. Finley was a gentleman of fine literary cultivation and 
 general acquirements, and was very popular as a man, as well as a physician. 
 His acquaintance with history, both ancient and modern, sacred and profane, 
 was large and accurate. He had a special fondness for poetry, and, among 
 modern poets, Burns was his favorite, most of whose poems he had committed 
 to memory, and extracts from which, on proper occasions, he was fond of quot- 
 ing. He was a gentleman of imposing presence; and, in manner, was courte- 
 ous and attractive. As a physician he was held in high esteem by his medi- 
 cal brethren, as well as by the community at large. 
 
 DR. WILLIAM H. BOYLE. 
 
 Dr. William H. Boyle was born on Eathlin Island, off the northern coast of 
 Ireland. In his infancy hia family came to America, and lived successively in 
 Upper Strasburg, Shippensburg, and, finally, in Chambersburg- In his boy- 
 hood it was the intention of his father that his son shotdd adopt the trade fol- 
 lowed by himself, that of the tailor. Accordingly William took his place upon 
 the board, and worked industriously at his calling, and gradually became in- 
 ducted into the mystery of cutting and making garments. He soon found that 
 his trade was not quite congenial, and longed for a larger and more conspicu- 
 ous sphere of usefulness. Dr. William A. Finley, of Shippensburg, a former 
 friend of the family, moved to Chambersburg, and furnished the opportunity. 
 The young aspirant for medical fame entered the office of Dr. Finley, and pur- 
 sued his studies with untiring zeal and assiduity. The pleasant relations be- 
 tween the young student and his preceptor were, unfortunately, terminated 
 by the sudden death of Dr. Finley, in 1837. Soon after that untoward event, 
 he entered the office of Dr. N. B. Lane, under whose direction his studies were 
 continued and his pupilage ended. In 1841, Dr. Boyle began the practice of 
 medicine in Chambersburg. In recognition of his high professional character 
 and attainments, the Pennsylvania Medical College conferred on him the hon- 
 orary degree of M. D. Dr. Boyle was distinguished for the versatility of his 
 talents, and was a remarkably fluent and piquant writer. During the years 
 1851-52 he was editor of the Valley Sentinel, a Democratic newspaper, which 
 was subsequently merged into the Valley Spirit. Dr. Boyle was a most kind 
 and generous friend. Those who applied to him for sympathy or relief, were 
 never sent away empty. The work of charity and of love, which is compre- 
 hended in nearly a half-century of a life devoted to the amelioration of 
 human infirmity and suffering in their diversified forms, can not be fully appre- 
 ciated here, but must wait for its full revelation in eternity. Dr. Boyle was, 
 in the truest sense, a self-made man. He had not the advantages of an early 
 education, and his pathway through life was rugged, and, often, beset with 
 thorns. But he trod it bravely, and grew stronger as he walked, and strewed it 
 with blessings upon the poor, the lowly and the sorrowing, who were soothed and 
 comforted by the kind ministrations of this "beloved physician." Dr. Boyle 
 died on the 9th of April, 1877, aged about sixty years. 
 
282 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 DR. JOHN LAMBEBT. 
 
 Dr. John Lambert moved to Chambersburg in the year 1837, from "Waynes- 
 boro, where he had been engaged in practice. He had also previously prac- 
 ticed in Maryland. Dr. Lambert was an energetic and capable physician, and 
 soon acquired a respectable share of the practice of the town and neighborhood. 
 His manners were hearty and pleasing, and his acquaintance rapidly grew into 
 large proportions. After an active life of many years. Dr. Lambert died Sep- 
 tember 27, 1872. 
 
 DE. JOHN m'cLELLAN. 
 
 There is another distinguished physician, without some reference to whom 
 this sketch would be singularly incomplete. We refer to the late Dr. John 
 McClellan, of Greencastle. Although Dr. McClellan was never a resident of 
 Chambersburg, yet, living so near it and visiting it so often, professionally, 
 as he did, and exercising so large an influence over its medical affairs, we 
 may, without violence to the unity of our task, speak of him among the promi- 
 nent physicians of the town. Dr. McClellan was a native of Franklin County, 
 and was brought up near the place where his long and useful life was spent. 
 At an early age he went to Philadelphia and began the study of medicine in th» 
 office of the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the most illustrious names in 
 American history. Dr. McClellan remained in the office of his distinguished 
 preceptor for nearly three years, during which time he also attended tiie lec- 
 tures delivered in tiie University of Pennsylvania, and, in due time, received 
 from that institution^ then the only medical school in America, the degree of 
 Bachelor of Medicine, as, at that date, the degree of M. D. was not yet con- 
 ferred by the university on its graduates. After the completion of his pupil- 
 age under Dr. Rush, he received from him the following flattering testimonial: 
 
 I do hereby certify that Dr. John McClellan hath studied Physic under my care as an 
 apprentice near three years, during which time he hath diligently and punctually attended 
 all the Medical Lectures given in the University; also the Pennsylvania Hospital. H& 
 hath since undergone the usual examination, public and private, and hath entitled himself, 
 with reputation, to a Degree in Medicine. I beg leave to recommend bim as a gentleman 
 of abilities and knowledge in his profession — or great integrity — of amiable manners — 
 and of irreproachable moral character. He carries with him not only the esteem of his 
 preceptors in Physic, but of all who have known him in the course of his studies. 
 
 Benjamin Bush, M. D., 
 Professor of Chem/istry in tTie University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Philadelphia, April 30th, 1788. 
 
 The same year in which Dr. McClellan received this flattering recommenda- 
 tion he settled in Greencastle, and unremittingly practiced his arduous and 
 exacting profession for the long period of fifty-eight years. For ten or twelve 
 years before his death he partially withdrew from the general labors of the 
 profession, and devoted his time particularly to the more intricate duties of a 
 physician's life, such as consultations and the more important surgical opera- 
 tions. Dr. McClellan was a man of sound judgment, and thoroughly ac- 
 quainted with medical science in its widest range. He was, of course, a judi- 
 cious and successful practitioner, He had, however, an especial fondness for 
 the practice of surgery, for which his steady hand and firm nerve and exten- 
 sive knowledge of anatomy admirably fitted him. He was a bold and dextrous 
 operator, and, among others, successfully performed most of the more difficult 
 and hazardous operations of the art. In private life Dr. McClellan was kind, 
 courteous and unaffected. His manners were hearty and sympathetic, and hia 
 fine moral character and great professional ability have made him one of 
 Franklin County's greatest and most esteemed citizens. He died in June» 
 1846, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. 
 
HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 283 
 
 DB. JOHN CUSTIS BI0BABD8. 
 
 One of the cultivated and successful physicians of Chambersburg, ■whom 
 his medical brethren and the people generally delight to honor, was the dis- 
 tinguished and lamented subject of our sketch. Born in Baltimore, Md. , June 
 1, 1812, of highly reputable Welsh ancestry, and possessed in his childhood of 
 superior social advantages, he began life with all the preparation which a care- 
 ful and systematic education could furnish. Under the admirable scholastic 
 training, for five years, of Rev. E. H. Davis, in charge of an academy at Bell 
 Air, Md., and six months' practical instruction at Burlington, N. J., he was ad- 
 mirably qualified to enter the Sophomore class at Yale College in 1830. After 
 «ighteen months he was called home by the severe illness of his mother and 
 brother, both of whom died soon after his return. He at once began his 
 studies for the medical profession under the direction of Dr. Samuel Baker, 
 professor of anatomy in the Medical University of Maryland, and graduated 
 in 1834, his diploma being issued by the university just mentioned. After 
 his graduation he began a very successful professional career in Baltimore, 
 but the city practice being distasteful to him, he removed to Chambersburg in 
 1837. His professional sldll, combined -with imusual personal graces, soon se- 
 cured an extensive and lucrative practice in the best families of the town 
 and adjoining country. 
 
 During the war of the Rebellion he was unswerving in his attachment to 
 the Government, and willingly made any personal sacrifice for its defense and 
 support. In the early part of the war he had charge of a soldiers' hos- 
 pital in Chambersburg, and later held the position of aid on the staff of the 
 surgeon-general of the State. At the burning of the town in 1864 he lost all 
 his property, the accumulation of many years of patient toil. He regretted 
 most, however, the destruction of his papers and his well-stocked library. The 
 Doctor was one of the organizers of the first medical society of the county in 
 1854, and always held a prominent place in its list of officials and active 
 workers. When its successor was established, he took an equally active part 
 in its affairs. He was twice married, and left a widow, three daughters 
 and one son, at the time of his death, June 11, 1874. His family life was 
 a most happy one — the sunlight so freely exhibited in his intercourse with 
 people generally being particularly manifested in the domestic circle. He 
 was careful and conscientious in his practice. His diagnosis of disease was 
 rational and thorough; his treatment prompt to the demands of duty, and 
 his intercourse with other physicians always in harmony with the most rigid 
 code of professional ethics. His presence with the sick was the impartation of 
 joyful hope, his whole expression being of the inspiring class. His varied ex- 
 perience in life, his retentive memory, his fine conversational powers, which 
 utilized his vast store of reminiscences and pleasing anecdotes, made him an 
 agreeable companion. 
 
 Dr. S. G. Lane, who knew him long and intimately, thus speaks of him: 
 "Dr. Richards was a notable man in many respects. He was remarkably 
 handsome; his fine physique was developed and invigorated by athletic training 
 in his youth, and by field sports, which he enjoyed throughout his life; he was 
 a splendid type of elastic strength. Added to his fine presence were rare 
 graces of address and demeanor, courtesy, affability, refinement — all the pleas- 
 ing traits which constitute the gentleman. His disposition was kind and affec- 
 tionate; he was warmly attached to his friends; of a gentle, forbearing tem- 
 perament, averse to contentions and controversies, yet compelling respect. Dr. 
 Richards was a higher style of man still; he was a faithful Christian — a full 
 member of the Falling Spring Presbyterian Church. In the public progress. 
 
284 HI8T0EY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 and in the limited movements of the community about him, he took an active 
 interest. During the rebellion his heart was loyal to the government, and hia 
 sympathies and anxieties were keenly enlisted in the cause of the Union and 
 freedom. ' ' 
 
 DK. WILLIAM MAQAW. 
 
 Among the distinguished men of Franklin County was Dr. WiUiam Magaw, 
 of Eevolutionary fame. He was a native of Carlisle, and a brother of Col. 
 Eobert Magaw, commander of the Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion, which was- 
 captured by the British at Fort Washington, on November 16, 1776. In. 
 June, 1775, James Chambers, son of Col. Benjamin Chambers, of Cham- 
 bersburg, enlisted a company of volunteers in the town and neighborhood, and 
 marched at once to join the American Army, then lying before Boston. This 
 was styled the First Company of the First Pennsylvania Rifle Battallion, 
 which was commanded by Col. William Thompson, of Carlisle. Subsequent- 
 ly, Edward Hand, of Lancaster, became its colonel, and the battalion was 
 known as Hand's Rifle Battalion in the army at Cambridge. Of this 
 battalion Dr. Magaw was appointed surgeon, his commission bearing date 
 June 25, 1775. 
 
 The Rifle Battalion enlisted for one year, at the expiration of which time 
 it re-enlisted as the First Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line, with Col. Ed- 
 ward Hand as its commander. This brave officer was soon afterward ap- 
 pointed brigadier-general, and Col. Chambers succeeded to the command of 
 the regiment on the 26th of September, 1776. Dr. Magaw re-enlisted as- 
 third lieutenant, and also surgeon, August 10, 1776, and was promoted to a 
 second lieutenantcy January 16, 1777, thus acting in a two-fold capacity, as 
 a military and medical officer. He was then transferred to the Ninth Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment and finally to the Fourth Pennsylvania, January 17, 1781. 
 It appears from the record (Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Vol. X),. 
 that he was also surgeon of the Fourth Pennsylvania, before receiving his ap- 
 pointment as surgeon of the First, on its organization in 1776. 
 
 After leaving the army he settled in Mercersburg, practiced medicine- 
 for many years, and became the owner of much valuable land near the- 
 town. At length, when well stricken in years, he was taken to Meadville by 
 his son, William, in whose family he lived the residue of his days, which, how- 
 ever, were not many. 
 
 DB. ROBERT JOHNSTON. 
 
 An equally distinguished man was Dr. Robert Johnston, a native of Antrim 
 Township, and also a surgeon in the Revolution. Col. James Johnston, the 
 eldest brother of Robeirt, was a soldier in the Revolution. " Col. Thomas John- 
 ston, the second brother, was adjutant of the detachment of troops under Gen. 
 Wayne which was surprised and slaughtered at Paoli, September 20, 1777. 
 He twice served as colonel in the Revolutionary war." [McCauley.] The 
 third son, Robert, entered the medical profession. At a meeting of the com- 
 mittee of safety, held in Philadelphia, January 16, 1776, it was resolved, 
 "that Dr. Robert Johnston, recommended by Drs. Thomas Cadwallader, 
 Thomas Bond, Adam Kuhn and William Shippen, Jr., according to a former 
 resolve of this board (January 4, 1776, ) is hereby appointed surgeon to the Sixth, 
 or Col. William Irvine's Battalion, to be raised by order of the Congress." 
 He continued in service until 1781, "when he was ordered by Gen. Greene, to 
 leave the regimental service and assist the wounded officers and soldiers of 
 the American Army, prisoners in the British hospital in Charleston, S. C. Dr. 
 Johnston died November 25th, 1808, near Waynesboro, Franklin County, 
 Penn., and is buried in the Johnston graveyard, now (November, 1879), on 
 
HISTOBY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 285 
 
 the Whitaner farm near that place." [Pennsylvania Archives, New Series, 
 Vol. X.] 
 
 DH. JESSE MAGAW. 
 
 Dr. Jesse Magaw, son of Dr. William Magaw, was born and brought up 
 in Mercersburg. He studied medicine with his father, and began the practice 
 of his profession in his native town. He was a medical officer in the American 
 Army in the last war with England. He was married to Maria, widow of 
 Samuel Johnson, and sister of the Hon. James Buchanan, late President of 
 the United States. He died September 29, 1823. He is buried in a neg- 
 lected graveyard, situated a short distance east of the town of Mercersburg. 
 
 DR. D. HAYES AGNEW. 
 
 This eminent surgeon of Philadelphia, who was one of the prominent physi- 
 cians called to the bedside of President Garfield during his eighty days' strug- 
 gle with the assassin' s mortal wound, was at one time a practicing physician 
 of TranMin County, as will appear from the following letter in reply to an 
 interrogatory submitted him. 
 
 1611 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Penn. 
 May 10, 1886. 
 Mb. J. Fraibe Richard, 
 
 Dear Sir: — Immediately after I graduated, I settled for a very short time near Up- 
 ton, contemplating, if the locality promised well, to remain permanently. My stay was 
 brief. Yours truly. 
 
 D. Hayes Agnew. 
 
 The Doctor graduated about 1838, and shortly afterward published in the 
 Repository the following card: 
 
 Dr. D. H. Agnew offers his professional services to all who may favor him with their 
 calls. He may be found at Mr. Thomas McCausland's, near the Greencastle and Mer- 
 cersburg turnpike, midway between the above named places. 
 
 May 10, 1839. 
 
 Probably some of the older citizens in Peters, Montgomery and Antrim 
 Townships remember him well as their family physician. 
 
 EXPLANATORY. 
 
 A few words explanatory of the above may be in order, if not absolutely re- 
 quired. It was not the design of the writer to present a full and complete 
 medical biography of the physicians of Chambersburg. His purpose was to 
 sketch those who lived and practiced there in the early years of 'its settlement 
 and growth, and to embrace a period terminating a half century ago. In short, 
 his main object was to rescue from oblivion those pioneers in the profession 
 who were identified with the early history of the town. It would have been a 
 pleasing task for him to have followed the history down to the present day; 
 but this was obviously impossible, and would for many reasons, have been 
 impracticable. This is the less to be regretted, as it is to be presumed that 
 sketches of Drs. N. B. Lane, A. H. Senseny and most, if not all, of the accom- 
 plished medical gentlemen of Chambersbui'g will appear in the special bio- 
 graphical department. — W. C. L. 
 
 EPIDEMICS. 
 
 In 1821 an epidemic of fever prevailed in Franklin County. It is thus 
 described in the graduating essay of Dr. N. B. Lane, which was published by 
 the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, and can be found on the pages 
 of The American Medical Recorder, July, 1823 : 
 
 " The disease was distinguished by the following symptoms: Dullness, lan- 
 guor, lassitude, pains in the bones, sickness of stomach, coldness, a creeping 
 
286 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 sensation along the back, and pain in the side; the tongue was natural; vomit- 
 ing sometimes appeared in the first stage, and the bowels were costive; the 
 skin was dry, shriveled and cold. These symptoms were soon followed by 
 the fever, during which the pulse was not very full, but quick and frequent; 
 the skin very hot and dry, and the fever high, often continuing for twenty- 
 four hours; the tongue was parched, and furred in the middle, and of a brown 
 color; the thirst was excessive, and drinks taken into the stomach were fre- 
 quently rejected; the bowels were torpid; the eyes wild and sometimes fixed 
 and dull; the countenance gloomy and clouded; great debility and inclination 
 to sleep prevailed, with the mind often disordered and delirious and the res- 
 piration anxious and uneasy. The third stage commenced, sometimes in 
 twelve, and often not till twenty-four hours had elapsed. The perspiration 
 was sometimes free, at others cold and clammy, and, in general, partial and 
 imperfect. The patient aften complained of illness for several days; but, in 
 many instances, was taken suddenly after slight exercise. They were at- 
 tacked equally in the day and night. The disease assumed the intermittent, 
 remittent and continued types; it first appeared in the quotidian, tertian, quar- 
 tan and double tertian forms, and its type was sometimes characterized by 
 coma and convulsions of an hysterical and epileptic character. It was, how- 
 ever, generally tertian in its type and continued so. It sometimes varied, be- 
 coming quartan, quotidian and very often remittent. The changes at times 
 were sudden, but not unfrequently protracted and slow, before they exhibited 
 the symptoms of the new type; the intermissions were rather feverish and 
 short. In the neighborhood of Chambersburg, this epidemic first appeared in 
 the latter part of July, spread more extensively in August, gained its height 
 in September and finally terminated in November. It was general; whole 
 families were confined at once. It did not, however, prove fatal, few deaths 
 only occurring, and those taking place after the third paroxysm in the sopor- 
 ose form of the disease, or after relapses, which were frequent, occurring three 
 or four times in the same person, and were sometimes produced by the slight- 
 est exposure. 
 
 ' ' In other parts of the county, for instance in the neighborhood of Meroers- 
 burg, a small town sixteen miles southwest of Chambersburg, the disease pre- 
 vailed to a more alarming extent, as also in the neighborhood of Greencastle 
 and Waynesburg, both small towns situated in a southern direction; the former 
 distant eleven and the latter fifteen miles. From a very respectable practi- 
 tioner of the former place, I understood the disease first made its appearance 
 in his neighborhood in harvest, and was likewise very destructive. Imme- 
 diately in our borough, it was as healthy as usual; the cases which occurred 
 were principally confined to its suburbs, and along the water-coui-ses. ' ' The dis- 
 ease was recognized as miasmatic, and treated accordingly. 
 
 From a letter of Dr. N. B. Lane, written to his sister, Mrs. Hayman of 
 Georgetown, D. C. , dated September 30, 1823, we make the following quota- 
 tions: "There has been much sickness in Franklin County this season, but 
 particular in this neighborhood. Dr. Cvdbertson " (the leading, but not the 
 most employed physician in the town) " has ridden from four o' clock in the 
 morning, till three o'clock, three nights in succession; his shop was often so 
 full that many could not get speaking to him for hours after being in. There 
 have not been many deaths in proportion to the number sick, but many have 
 died notwithstanding. Business never was so dull in our place since my first 
 recollection of it; but it is owing to the sickness. The diseases are bilious fe- 
 ver, ague and fever and dysentery; the last has been most obstinate, and has 
 but lately made its appearance." 
 
J, ^. (J^<>^7^rUA/ 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 289 
 
 Cholera has twice invaded Chambersburg, in 1832 and in 1852, and proved 
 very destructive. It is a striking fact that the first case, in each visitation, 
 occurred in the same house, located in a healthy and central part of the town. 
 Such instances, however, have been reported in tjie history of the pestilence. 
 The first case in the epidemic of 1832 was a boy who had just returned home 
 from Hagerstown, Md. , where the cholera was prevailing. Excepting persons 
 who had visited Chambersburg, no cases, we believe, occurred in the country. 
 
 Dysentery prevailed endemically in Chambersburg in 1850, and carried 
 off several of our foremost citizens. In 1850 it raged along the foot of the 
 North Mountain, and in 1885 it appeared violently in the same region, having 
 its center in Mercersburg. 
 
 Typho-malarial fever frequently spreads along the mountain side, and ery- 
 sipelas and puerperal diseases are more frequent there than in the center of 
 the valley. With the exceptions noted, Franklin County has had no epidemics 
 or endemics, worthy of special record. 
 
 MEDICAL ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 Franklin County has had several medical societies. Owing to the destruc- 
 tion of newspaper files and the records of these societies, we can give but an im- 
 perfect sketch of them as obtained from various sources. 
 
 In the Franklin Repository of January 4, 1825, we find the following rec- 
 ord. The previous notice could not be found, but its nature may readily 
 be inferred. 
 
 "In pursuance of previous notice, a large number of the physicians of Frank- 
 lin County and its neighborhood met at the house of Col. John Findlay; and 
 upon having organized themselves by calling Dr. Culbertson to the chair, and 
 appointing Dr. Dean and Dr. Findlay, of Shippensburg, secretaries, adopted 
 the following resolutions: 
 
 B 33olved (Ist), That a medical society be established in Chambersburg, to meet semi- 
 anually, and that Drs. Dean, Culbertson, McKnight, Lane and McDowell, be appointed 
 a committee to draft a constitution, and make a report thereof at the first meeting of the 
 society, which will be held on the 7th of February, at early candle light. 
 
 Bisjhid (3i), That one of the objects of this convention is to establish a uniform 
 and fixed mode of charging, suited to the state of the times, the publication of the bill of 
 rates, which has been agreed upon, be delayed until after the meeting in February next, 
 in order that the physicians wlio could not mals ; it convenient to attend, may again have 
 an opportunity of being present, and voting upon a revision of its several items. 
 
 Resolved i^di). That the mjde of charging which shall have been agreed upon and 
 published, be considered as the standard by which all contested accounts shall thereafter 
 be settled in case they ai'e referred to any of the members of this society. 
 
 Resolved (4th), That the annexed regulations, which have been read to the conven- 
 tion, be published as the Rule of Conduct by which the members of this society shall be 
 governed in their intercourse with each other and the sick. [Not found in my text. — R.] 
 
 Resolved (5th), That all those members of the medical profession in Franklin Coun- 
 ty, and its immediate neighborhood, who do not attend the next meeting, or express their 
 approbation of its proceedings, by letter or otherwise, be considered as inimical to the 
 objects of the society, and unwilling to subject themselves to the government of the set of 
 rules to which the convention feel fully persuaded every honorable minded physician will 
 at once subscribe. 
 
 Resolved, That the above proceedings be signed' by the chairman and secretaries, 
 and be published. 
 
 S. D. CuiiBEBTSON, Chairman. 
 
 A. T. Dean, W. A. Finley — Secretaries. 
 
 This meeting is thus reported: 
 
 "An adjourned meeting of the physicians of Franklin County, and else- 
 where, was held at Col. John Findlay' s, in Chambersburg, on Monday even- 
 ing, the 7th of February, and after organizing themselves for business, by 
 calling Dr. John McClellan to the chair, and appointing Drs. McDowell and 
 
290 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Lane, secretaries, the constitution for a medical society, to be called the Medi- 
 cal Society of Franklin County, was reported and adopted. The foUowing^ 
 gentlemen were then elected officers for the ensuing year, viz.: "Dr. John 
 McClellan, president; Drs. S. D. Culbertson and A. Heatherington, * vice- 
 presidents; Dr. A. T. Dean, corresponding secretary; Dr. N. B. Lane, re- 
 cording secretary; Dr. A. N. McDowell, treasurer: Drs. A. McDowell, Sr., G. 
 B. McKnight and L. Byrne, standing committee. 
 It was then resolved : 
 
 First, That the fee-bill, which had been reduced to suit the state of the times, be- 
 signed by all the physicians belonging to the society, and take effect from the 1st of Janu- 
 ary next. , , , .. . , 
 
 Second, That all medical bills be presented for settlement, as far as practicable, at the 
 expiration of every year, and where any account is settled within six months after it ha» 
 been contracted, a discretionary power be left with the physician to make a discount. 
 
 Third, That all physicians who belong to this society shall proceed to settle up their 
 back accounts as soon as practicable. 
 
 Fourth, That Dr. A. T. Lane, the corresponding secretary, be authorized to open a 
 correspondence with the different medical societies which are now in existence in the 
 State of Pennsylvania, or which may be hereafter organized, in order that such measures 
 may be devised and adopted as will be best calculated to suppress quackery, not only 
 within the immediate neighborhoods of such societies, but over the whole State; and that 
 in order to the more effectual attainment of this end, the combined talents and influence 
 of such societies be so directed as will be most likely to procure the enactment of a law for 
 the regulation of the practice of medicine in this Commonwealth. 
 
 Fifth, That the corresponding secretary be further authorized to open such corre- 
 spondence with individuals.'and^with the different medical associations, as will best tend to- 
 the advancement of medical science, or in any way promote the honor, usefulness or dig- 
 nity of the medical profession. 
 
 " Sixth, That we, the members of the Medical Society of Franklin County, agree to 
 subject ourselves to be governed by, and most rigidly adhere to, all the rules and regula- 
 tions which are laid down in the Medical Ethics of Dr. Percival, and which have already 
 been published in the papers of this place. 
 
 Seventh, That these proceedings be signed by the president and secretaries. 
 
 Jno. McClellan, President. 
 
 N. B. Lanb, a. N. McDowell — Secretaries. 
 
 Chambersburg, February 15, 1825. 
 
 No further reports of the proceedings of this association can be found, 
 except this little extract from an old paper, which shows that the organization 
 was still in existence in the year 1829 : 
 
 On the 16th of December, 1828, notice was given byN. B. Lane, Recording Secretary, 
 of a meeting to be held first Monday in January for the election of oflBcers for ensuing 
 year. 
 
 The next account we find of any meeting of the disciples of .^sculapius is 
 taken from the I'ranscript of November 21, 1853, as follows: 
 
 At an incidental meeting of many of the physicians of the county in Chambers- 
 burg, on the 26th ult., E. Negley, M. D., of Mercer'sburg, having been called to the chair, 
 and A. H. Senseny, M. D., appointed secretary, it was resolved that a meeting of the 
 physicians of Franklin County be held ai Chambersburg on the %th of January next, for 
 the purpose of organizing a county medical society, as an auxiliary of the State Medical 
 Association. A. H. Senseny, Secretary. 
 
 At the appointed time the medical society convened (7thf January, 1854) 
 when Dr. E. Negley, of Mercersburg, was called to the chair, and Dr. S. G. 
 Lane, of Chambersburg, was appointed secretary. A committee on constitu- 
 tion and by-laws made a report, which was unanimously adopted. Adjourned 
 to meet the first Tuesday of the following April. 
 
 On the 4th of April, 1854, the first regular meeting of the medical society 
 of Franklin County was held, and the following officers elected: President, 
 S. D. Culbertson; vice-presidents. Dr. T. Hunter, Dr. Jno. Lambert; cor- 
 
 *Greencastle. ~ ~~ 
 
 tThe call was made for the 8th. Probably the change was made to accommodate those who desired to cele- 
 brate Jackson's birthday. 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 291 
 
 responding secretary, Dr. Eliab Negley; recording secretaries, Dr. E. D. 
 Eankin, Dr. S. G. Lane; treasurer. Dr. J. C. Richards; censors, Drs. A. H. 
 Senseny, T. Hunter and Wm. Grubb; board of examiners, Dr. J. C. Eich- 
 ards. Dr. J. K. Davidson. 
 
 This society continued for a term of years, doing efficient service to the 
 members of the profession in the county. It did not survive the war. Its 
 successor is the present organization. 
 
 We find from the minutes that on January 19, 1869, in pursuance of a call 
 signed generally by the physicians of the county, a meeting was held for the 
 purpose of forming a county medical society in connection with the State Med- 
 ical Society and National Medical Association. There were present Drs. W. 
 A. Hunter, J. M. Gelwix, I. N. Snively, E. A. Herring, J. B. Amberson, John 
 Lambert, J. C. Richards, A. H. Senseny, J. L. Suesserott, S. G. Lane, T. 
 J. McLanahan, Thos. M. Kennedy, John Montgomery, and W. H. Boyle. 
 
 A constitution and by-laws were adopted. From this we select the section 
 which defines the terms of membership as follows : 
 
 A candidate for membership must be a graduate of a reputable medical 
 college, must have practiced medicine in Franklin County for at least one year, 
 must be recommended by two members in good standing, and must pay an 
 admission fee of 13 and sign the constitution. 
 
 The following is the list of officers from the organization to the present 
 time: 
 
 1869. 
 
 President, A. H. Senseny. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, J. K. Davidson, A. H. 
 Strickler. 
 
 Treasurer, J. C. Richards. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Wm. H. Boyle. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, Sam. G. Lane. 
 
 Censors, J. L. Suesserott, Benj. Frantz, 
 Wm. A. Hunter. 
 
 1870. 
 
 President, J. K. Davidson. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, Robert S. Brownson, 
 J. L. Suesserott. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Wm. H. Boyle. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, S. G. Lane. 
 
 Treasurer, John Montffomery. 
 
 Censors, J. L. Suesserott, Wm. A. Hunter, 
 R. S. Brownson. 
 
 1871. 
 
 President, John C. Richards. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, I. N. Snively, Wm. A. 
 Hunter. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Wm. H. Boyle. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, Samuel G. Lane. 
 
 Treasurer, John Montgomery. 
 
 Censors, J. L. Suesserott, Wm. A. Hunter. 
 R. S. Brownson. 
 
 1872. 
 
 President, Wm, A. Hunter. 
 
 Vice Presidents, T. M. Kennedy, John H. 
 Flickinger. 
 
 Treasurer, T. J. McLanahan. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Wm. H. Boyle. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, I. N. Snively. 
 
 Censors, Wm. A. Hunter, Geo. Cleery, 
 E. N. Senseny. 
 
 1873. 
 
 President, I. N. Snively. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, J. M. Gelwix, T. M. 
 Kennedy. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Wm. H. Boyle. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, Samuel G. Lane. 
 
 Treasurer, T. J. McLanahan. 
 
 Censors, George Cleery, B. N. Senseny, 
 A. H. Strickler. 
 
 1874. 
 
 President, Samuel G. Lane. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, Jno. Montgomery, Wm. 
 P. Noble. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Wm. H. Boyle. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, J. L. Suesserott. 
 
 Treasurer, T. J. McLanahan. 
 
 Censors, B. N. Senseny, A. H. Strickler, 
 John C. Richards. 
 
 1875. 
 
 President, Wm. H. Boyle. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, Wm. A. Hunter, 1. N. 
 Snively. 
 
 Treasurer, B. N. Senseny. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Samuel G. Lane. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, John Mont- 
 gomery. 
 
 Censors, A. H. Stilckler, Wm. P. Noble, 
 T. M. Kennedy. 
 
 1876. 
 
 President, John Montgomery. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, A. H. Strickler, Wm, 
 P. Noble. 
 
 Recording Secretary, Samuel G. Lane. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, J. L. Suesserott, 
 
 Treasurer, E. N. Senseny. 
 
 Censors, Wm. P. Noble, T. M. Kennedy, 
 J. L. Suesserott. 
 
292 
 
 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 1877. 
 
 1882. 
 
 President, J. L. Suesserott. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, Tliomas H. Walker, E. 
 Hartzell. 
 
 Recording Secretary, John Montgomery. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, A. H.- Strickler. 
 
 Treasurer, E. N. Senseny. 
 
 Censors, Wm. H. Boyle, J. L. Suesserott, 
 R. W. Ramsey. 
 
 1878. 
 
 President, T. J. McLanaBan. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, H. G. Ohritzman, J. K. 
 Davidson. 
 
 Recording Secretary, John Montgomery. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, W. P. Noble. 
 
 Treasurer, E. N. Senseny. 
 
 Censors, J. L. Suesserott R. W. Ramsey, 
 T. J. McLanahan. 
 
 187K. 
 
 President, A. H. Strickler. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, R. W. Ramsey, H. G. 
 Chritzman. 
 
 Recording Secretary, John Montgomery. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, C. H. Merklein. 
 
 Treasurer, J. L. Suesserott, 
 
 Censors, R. W. Ramsey, T. J. McLana- 
 han, S. G. Lane. 
 
 1880. 
 
 President, H. G. Chritzman. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, E. Hartzell, Chas. Gar- 
 Yer, 
 
 Recoriing Secretary, John Montgomery. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, C. H. Merklein. 
 
 Treasurer, J. L. Suesserott. 
 
 Censors, T. J. McLanahan, S. G. Lane. 
 D. F. Unger. 
 
 1881. 
 
 President, W. P. Noble 
 
 Vice-Presidents, D. F. linger,- J. C. Gil- 
 land. 
 
 Recording Secretary, J. Montgomery. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, S. G. Lane. 
 
 Treasurer, J. L. Suesserott. 
 
 Censors, S. G. Lane, D. P. Unger, R. W. 
 Ramsey. 
 
 President, R. W. Ramsey. 
 Vice-Presidents, D. Maclay, E. Hartzell. 
 Recording Secretary, J. Montgomery. 
 Corresponding Secretary, S. G. Lane. 
 Treasurer, J. L. Suesserott. 
 Censors, D. F. Unger, R. W. Ramsey, H. 
 G. Chritzman. 
 
 1883. 
 
 President, D. P. Unger. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, J. C. Gilland, G. S. Hull. 
 
 Recording Secretary, J. Montgomery. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, L. F. Suess- 
 erott. 
 
 Treasurer, J. L. Suesserott. 
 
 Censors, R. W. Ramsey, H. G. Chritz- 
 man, David Maclay. 
 
 1884. 
 
 President, J. M. Gelwix. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, D. Maclay, J. P. Seibert. 
 
 Recording Secretary, C. F. Palmer. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, H. G. Chritz- 
 man. 
 
 Treasurer, L. F. Suesserott. 
 
 Censors, H. G. Chritzman, David Maclay, 
 T. J. McLanahan. 
 
 1885. 
 
 President, David Maclay. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, J. B. Amberson, J. P. 
 Seibert. 
 
 Recording Secretary, C; F. Palmer. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, G. S. Hull, 
 
 Treasurer, L. F. Suesserott. 
 
 Censors, H. 6. Chritzman, T. J. McLana- 
 han, R. W. Ramsey. 
 
 1886. 
 
 President, E. Hartzell. 
 
 Vice-Presidents, J. P. Seibert, J. B. Am- 
 berson. 
 
 Recording Secretary, C. F. Palmer. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary, G. S. Hull. 
 
 Treasurer, L. F. Suesserott. 
 
 Censors, T. J. McLanahan, D. F. Unger, 
 R. W. Ramsey. 
 
 LIST OF PHYSICIANS. 
 
 The follovring is a list of physicians in Franklin Countj', who have register- 
 ed in the office of the county prothonotary, in the order of record. The law 
 requires a number of facts to be stated. In the following list, the order pur- 
 sued is the name of physician, residence, date of registration, name of college 
 from which graduated and date thereof; or in case of nongraduates, the time 
 of service; together with literary degrees in certain instances. 
 
 George M. Merz, Chambersburg, June 23, 1881; ten years practice. 
 
 Aaron B. Gingrich, Altodale, June 34, 1881; Univ. Penn., Mch. 10, 1876. 
 
 Jas. K. Davidson, Greencastle, July 2, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., Phila., Mch., 1833. A. 
 M. by Dickenson College. 
 
 Abraham H. Strickler, Waynesboro, July 5, 1881; Bellevue Hosp. Med. Col., N. Y., 
 Jan. 1, 1866. A. B. and A. M. College, Princeton, N. J. 
 
 Michael M. Garry, Warren Twp., July 5, 1881; Univ. Md., Mch. 10, 1846. 
 
 Jno. C. Gilland, Greencastle, July 5, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., Mch. 11, 1876. 
 
 Robert W. Ramsey, St. Thoma?, July 5, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col 1874 
 
HISTOEY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 293 
 
 Horace M. Fritz, Quincy. July 6, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., Mch. 12, 1879. 
 
 Joseph L. Suively, Shady Grove, July 13, 1881; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 12, 1877. A. B. 
 Franklin and Marshall College. 
 
 Benjamin Bowman, Chambersburg, July 13, 1881; New York Homoeopathic Med. Col. 
 Feb. 28, 1865. 
 
 Emanuel Brallier, Chambersburg, July 14, 1881; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 7,' 1868. 
 
 Aaron B. Grove, New Franklin. July 16, 1881; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 13,1880. 
 
 Franklin A. Bushey, Greencastle, July 19, 1881; Univ. Md., Mch. 2, 1861. 
 
 Adam Carl, Greencastle, July 20, 1881; Washington Med. Col., Balto., Mch., 1829. 
 Practiced in Greencastle since 1829. 
 
 John S. Flickinger, Dry Run, July 21, 1881; Penn. Med. Col., Mch. 8, 1850. 
 
 Geo. D. Carl, Greencastle, July 22, 1881; Penn. Med. Col.. Phila., Mch. 3, 1855. 
 
 Jno. F. Nowell, Greencastle, July 23, 1881; Hahnemann Med. Col., Phila., Mch., 1875. 
 
 Henry G. Chritzman, Welsh Run, July 29, 1881; Penn. Med., Col., Phila., 1859. 
 
 Robt. S. Brownson, Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; TJniv. Penn., 1851. A. B. and A. M., 
 Marshall College of Mercersburg, 1847 and 1851. 
 
 William C. Lane, Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; Univ. Penn., 1851. Qreensburg, Rox- 
 bury, Strasburg, Orrstown and Mercersburg. 
 
 Oliver F. Jones. Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; Univ. of M(f., Mch. 6, 1880. 
 
 David F.Unger, Mercersburg, July 29, 1881; Bellevue Hosp. Med. Col., N. Y., 1869. 
 
 Wm. P. Noble, Upton, July 29, 1881; JtfE. Med. Col.. Phila., Mch. 12, 1869. 
 
 John Montgomery, Chambersburg, July 30, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., 1858. 
 
 Charles F. Palmer, Chambersburg, Aug. 8, 1881; Univ. Penn., Mch. 15, 1878. 
 
 Daniel C. Leberknight, Lemaster's Station, Aug. 16. 1881; Jefl. Med. Col., 1880. 
 
 James H. Dyarman, near Spring Run, Aug. 18, 1881. 
 
 Francis Reifsnyder, Scoiland, Aug. 19, 1881; Phil. Univ. Med. and Surg., Feb. 33, 1869. 
 
 Geo. S. Hull, Chambersburg, Aug. 19, 1881; Univ. Penn., Mch. 10, 1876. 
 
 Joseph Frantz, Waynesboro, Aug. 23, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., Phila., Mch., 1878. 
 
 Johnston McLanahan, Chambersburg, Aug. 25, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., Mch. 10, 1865. 
 
 Wm. A. Hinchman, Dry Run, Aug. 25, 1881; Univ. Md., Baltimore, Mch. 1, 1873. 
 
 Thos. M. Kennedv, Greencastle, Aug. 26, 1881; Bellevue Hosp. Med. Col.,N. Y., Mch. 
 1, 1866. 
 
 John H. Koons, Waynesboro, Aug. 26, 1881; Jefl. Med. Col., 1881. 
 
 Geo. W. Boteler, Waynesboro, Aug. 26. 1881; Univ. Md., Baltimore, 1868. 
 
 Isaac N. Snively, Waynesboro, Aug. 26, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., Mch., 1863. 
 
 John M. Ripple, Waynesboro, Au?. 26, 1881; JefE. Med. Col., 1868. 
 
 J. Burns Amberson, Waynesboro, Aug. 26, 1881; Univ. Penn., Mch., 1868; A. B. 
 Westminster College; Penn., 1865. 
 
 Edmund G. Shower, Waynesboro, Aug. 26, 1881; Hahnemann Med. Col., Phila., Mch. 
 12 1878 
 ' Benij. Frantz, Waynesboro. Aug. 26, 1881; Jefl. Med. Col.. Mch. 4, 1846. 
 
 Jacob L. Suesserott, Chambersburg, Aug. 27, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., 1851; D. D. S., by 
 Penn. College, of Dent. Surg. 
 
 A. U. Holland, Fayetteville, Sept. 5, 1881. 
 
 Henry X. Bonebrake, Montalto, Sept. 5, 1881; Bellevue Hosp. Med. Col., Feb. 25, 1865. 
 
 Lewis P. Suesserott, Chambersburg, Sept. 8, 1881; Univ. Penn., Mch. 14, 1879. 
 
 Samuel G. Lane, Chambersburg, Sept. 8, 1881; Univ. Penn., 1849. 
 
 AdamK. Leberknight. Orrstown, Sept. 17, 1881; Jefl. Med. Col. 1876. 
 
 Eli J. Zook, Fannettsburg, Sept. 20, 1881; Jefl. Med. Col., 1878; B. S., by National 
 Normal Univ., Lebanon, Ohio. 
 
 Thos. H. Walker, Mercersburg, Sept. 23, 1881 ; Pennsylvania College, Phila., 1846. 
 
 John P. Seibert, Chambersburg, Oct. 4, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., 1875. 
 
 Joseph H. McCintock, Loudon, Oct. 5, 1881; Columbia College, Washington, D. 
 C, 1845. 
 
 Jeremiah Hess, Quincy, Oct. 6, 1881; practiced nineteen years. 
 
 D. Reutch Miller, Greencastle, Oct. 7, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col., Phila., 1874. 
 
 John S. Flickinger, near Fannettsburg, Oct. 12, 1881; Penn. Med. Col., Phila., 1850. 
 
 Edgar N. Senseny, Chambersburg, Oct. 17, 1881; Jeff. Med. CoU1870. 
 
 Henry K. Byers, Fayetteville, Oct. 18, 1881; Washington Med. College, Baltimore,1845. 
 
 Bzekiel Hartzell, Fayetteville, Oct. 21, 1881; Penn. Med. College, Phila., 1847. 
 
 David L. McDonald, Concord, Oct. 31. 1881; Col.umbus Med. College, 1881. 
 
 Wm. A. Hunter, Strasburg, Oct. 21 » 1881; practiced since 1847. 
 
 James M. Gelwix, Strasburg. Oct. 21, 1881; Jefl. Med. College 1866. 
 
 Geo. R. Kauflman, Antrim Township, Oct. 32, 1881; Bellevue Med. Col., N. Y., 1867. 
 
 Charles T. Maclay, Green "Village, Nov. 3, 1881; practiced forty- two years. 
 
 David Maclay, Green Village. Nov. 3, 1881; Univ. Penn., Mch. 12, 1875. 
 
 Daniel F. Royer, Shady Grove, Oct. 25, 1881; Jeff. Med. Col. Mch., 1875. 
 
 Oliver P. Stoey, Roxbury, Nov. 17, .1881; Jeff. Med. Col. 1881. 
 
 Nancy Hoover, Stoufferstown, Dec. 16, 1881; twenty-two years. 
 
294 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Benj. L. Ryder, Chambersburg, Dec. 23, 1881; Hygeis Therapeutic College, N. Y., 
 Mch. 21, 1870. 
 
 Jno. L. Blair, Mercersburg, February 37, 1883; Univ. Md., Mch., 1868, 
 
 Theo. H. Weagley, Greencastle, Mch. 13, 1882; College Phys. and Surg., Baltimore, 
 Mch. 1, 1882. 
 
 James 8. Kennedy, Chambersburg, Mch. 30, 1883; Jeff. Med. Col. 1879. 
 
 Charles Lanteline, Chambersburg, Apr. 6, 1883; JefE. Med. Col. Mch. 30, 1882. 
 
 Dan'l Eckerman, Salem Church, April 19, 1883; twenty years. 
 
 Henry C. Lessig, Chambersburg, May 9. 1883; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 13, 1878. 
 
 J. J. Pierce, Chnmbersburg. May 15. 1883; twelve years. 
 
 Francis A. Oellig, Upton, May 15, 1883; attended Univ. Md., 1846-47; thirty-six years' 
 practice. 
 
 Henry S. Herman, State line. May 17, 1883; Maryland Univ., Feb. 29, 1876. 
 
 Randall M.^Alexander, Fannettsburg. May 23, 1883; twelve years. 
 
 Alex. E. Cresswell, St. Thomas, May 26. 1883; practice 1869. 
 
 V. D. Miller, Mason and Di.von. Penn., June 7, 1883; JefE. Med, Col., 1861. 
 
 James A. Vinson, Claylick June 30, 1883; Louisville Med. Col., June, 1838. 
 
 Jno. B. Kline, ChamliersOur.,', June 38, 1883; JefE. Med. College, Mch. 37, 1883. 
 
 Alanson W. Kelley, Wavuesboro, Sept. 9, 188,'; Castleton M^ed. College, 1860. 
 
 Edwin Bergstresser, Waynesboro, Sept. 31, 1883; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 30, 1883. 
 
 J. R. Bemisdarfer, Shady Grove, Mch. 3, 1883; Col. Phys. and Surg., Mch. 1, 1883. 
 
 Jno. H. Young, Waynesboro, Apr. 9, 1883; since 1870. 
 
 M. H. Miller, Roxbury, Apr. 14, 1883; JefE. Med. Col., 1883. 
 
 David A. Strickler, Chamber.sburg, Apr. 17, 1883; Hahnemann College, Philadelphia, 
 Mch. 10, 1881. 
 
 Christian R. Soheller, Shady Grove, Apr. 21, 1883; JefE. Med. College, Apr. 2, 1883. . 
 
 Henry C. Devilbiss, Chambersburg, Apr. 14, 1883; College Phys. and Surg., 1877. 
 
 Wm. O. Lantz, Lemaster's Sta., July 13, 1883; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 30, 1883. 
 
 Jno. A. Bause, Waynesboro, Nov. 20, 1883; Univ. Penn., Mch. 1875. 
 
 B. F. Shope, Dry Run, Mch. 1, 1884;Bellevue Hosp. Med. Col., N. Y,, Mch. 16, 1882. 
 
 George G. Shively, Waynesboro, Mch. 19, 1884; JefE. Med. Col., Mch., 1877. 
 
 Edwin F. Lehman, Chambersburg, April 13, 1884; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 29, 1884. 
 
 8. Snively Bishop, Greencastle, May 12, 1884; JefE. Med. Col., 1884. 
 
 Chas. B. West, Strasbiirg, May 36, 1884; JefE. Med. Col., 1883. • 
 
 Eldredge C. Price, Monterey, June 28, 1884; Hahnemann Med. Col., Phila., Mch. 10, 
 1875. 
 
 Chas. H. Lane, Chambersburg, July 15, 1884; Univ. Penn., 1870. 
 
 Wm. T. Phillippv, Shady Grove, June 30, 1884; JefE. Med. Col., Mch. 39, 1884. 
 
 Elias C. Price, Monterey, Penn., July 31, 1884; Univ. Md., Balto., 1848. 
 
 A. Sargeant Tinges, Waynesboro, Sept. 6, 1884; Univ. Md., 1873. 
 
 Geo. W. Zeigler, Carlisle. Temporary practice, Nov. 4, 1884; Univ. Penn., Mch. 12, 
 1874. f . I , 
 
 M. J. Jackson, Now York City, Feb. 26, 1885; Eclectic Med. Col., Mch. 1, 1884. Tem- 
 porary. 
 
 J. H. Devor, Ft. Loudon, April 39, 1885; Col. Phys. and Surg., Balto., Mch. 13, 1885. 
 
 Katharine M. Crawford, Fayetteville, June 34, 1885; Hahnemann Med. Col, Mch. 20, 
 1885. 
 
 John J. CofEman, Scotland, July 10, 1885; Dartmouth Med. Col., Nov. 15, 1881. 
 
 W. J. Coleman, Huntingdon Co., Penn., Aug. 5, 1885; Med. Col. Va., Mch. 4, 1879, 
 Temporary. 
 
 James F. Tate, Roxbury, Aug. 6, 1885; Univ. N, Y., 1869. 
 
 Geo. E. Stewart, Dry Run, Dec. 23, 1885; practiced from April 1, 1863. 
 
 Wm. M. ShuU, Concord, Penn.. Feb. 10, 1886; JefE. Med. Col., April 2, 1885. 
 
 Peter B. Montgomery, ChambLirsburg, Mch. 24, 1886; Bellevue Hosp. Med. Col., Mch. 
 15, 1886. ^ 
 
 Wm. H. Brjsius, Greencastle, April 24, 1886; JefE. Med. Col., April 2, 1836. 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 295 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. 
 
 Educational.— Education Defined— Teaching Defined— E ably Schools 
 
 AND THEIB EQUIPMENTS— JOHN B. KAUFMAN'S A,CC0UNT OF EARLY SCHOOLS 
 
 AND Teachers— History of School Legislation— Comparative Statis- 
 tics—County Superintendents- County Institutes— Letter from Ex- 
 Co. SuPT. A. J. McElwain— List of County Superintendents. 
 Eeligious.— Early Settlers' Religions — Presbyterians— Lutherans— Re- 
 formed —Methodists — United Brethren— Roman Catholic— Episcopa- 
 lian-Church of God— German Baptists — River Brethren— Mennonites 
 —Reformed Mennonites— Colored Churches — Mormonism. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 EDUCATION, as the derivation of the term implies, is a leading out of 
 the powers and capacities of the individual. It is training, developing, 
 inspiring, guiding, refining and elevating the being wrought upon. It makes 
 of the being all that he is capable of becoming, working always, of course, 
 upon the capital stock of brain and muscle and heart possessed. Out of crude 
 material it can not make a perfect product. A diamond can not be developed 
 unless it exist in the rough quartz presented. Statesmen can not be fash- 
 ioned from crude pigmies. Education is not a poui-ing-in or cramming pro- 
 cess, but a leading out and unfolding of all the powers — physical, intellectual, 
 moral and social — which the being possesses. Every parent, every child, 
 every book, every paper, every street, every association, every experience, 
 favorable or otherwise, every joy and every defeat is an educator. Life from 
 the cradle to the grave is but so much time spent in the preparatory school of 
 eternity, the lessons of which are often imperfectly learned. The old adage, 
 "Experience teaches a dear school, but fools will learn in no other," is un- 
 true. Experience teaches a good school, the best, and wise people will learn 
 in it; fools in none. 
 
 Teaching, then, is not telling simply; it is not questioning simply; it is not 
 frowning or smiling and correcting only. It is more. Viewed from a rational 
 standpoint, teaching is the science which trains the mind to think clearly and 
 earnestly, the heart to feel keenly and rationally, and the hand to execute 
 what the mind and the heart have approved. With this in mind we are prepared 
 to understand the statement of the wise man : ' ' Train up a child in the way he 
 should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it. ' ' Train by telling, 
 by questioning, by suggesting, by repressing, by stimulating, by all the means 
 which a fruitful ingenuity can invent. 
 
 In a new country, and in fact everywhere, the best school, the most valuable 
 lessons learned are those found "at the best aCademe, a mother's knee." 
 Family instruction was the primitive kind; and, when the mother was intelli- 
 gent and wise, it laid the foundation for whatever might be subsequently 
 furnished by the higher order of schools. The records of this faithful work, 
 however, have not been preserved in tables and reports and percentages at 
 the State capital. Only in the noble lives and matchless characters given to 
 the world can the records be read. The silent lessons taught in the little 
 ■cabin, by the wayside, or in the lonely forest were not forgotten, but mani- 
 
296 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 fested themselves in life's " late afternoon." Only when the veil of eternity is 
 lifted, and things can be seen in their true light, will be understood fully the 
 nature and potency of the valuable home school. 
 
 But the early cabin school, built by the joint efforts of the neighborhood, 
 legitimately followed the family school. With its rude logs, puncheon floor, 
 slab benches, open-throated chimney, it served as a people's college to prepare 
 boys and girls to become the future men and women of the neighborhood, the 
 citizens of the commonwealth. Methods of instruction were not discusse'd in 
 those primitive days. Knowledge was power. Facts and principles were 
 supposed to have a transforming influence upon the minds and lives of the 
 young. The what or subject matter was first in importance; then came the 
 how or the methods of instruction; and later, the why or the philosophy of 
 teaching. 
 
 Text-books were rare and simple. The spelling-book, the English reader, 
 the New Testament, some simple text in arithmetic which would enable the 
 pupil to "do sums ' ' as far as the ' ' double rule of three, ' ' or perchance, in rare 
 cases, to include double position, and, later, a manual of United States history. 
 Grammar and geography were not taught at first. They were higher branches, 
 whose study gave position in the community, and indicated unusual learning. 
 When Lindley Murray's or Kirkham's grammar first appeared, an innovation 
 was announced. Daboll's or Pike's or Dill worth's arithmetic afforded the 
 knowledge of mathematics deemed essential. Slates and black-boards were, 
 at first, unknown; and steel pens likewise. The ever-faithful goose quill, 
 made and sharpened by the master's skillful knife, supplied the penmanship 
 of the times. No Spencerian or Eclectic or other modern system of pen- 
 manship knocked at the school-room door for recognition. No book agent 
 ready to introduce a new series, perambulated those early school dibti'icts. No 
 globes or wall maps, no numeral frames or other objects of illustration, cum- 
 bered the humble log schoolhouse. Work was done in a humble manner, and 
 good work too. Pupils learned because they appreciated their opportunities. 
 No graded course of study presented its charms or its terrors to the young 
 urchin. Individual work and personal progress were the rule. How faithfully 
 those Qarly schools served their purpose is attested by the numeroas specimens 
 of grand men and women, the pride of the land, they turned out. "There were 
 giants in those days. ' ' 
 
 We shall be pardoned for introducing here the testimony of one of Frank- 
 lin County's worthy and honored sons, John B. Kaufman, a pupil and teacher 
 both of "ye olden time." His picture will doubtless be familiar to many who 
 were once rustics. "Going back some fifty odd years, I have a distinct rec- 
 ollection of my old teacher, Daniel Eckerman, an excellent instructor, who 
 wrote a hand like copper plate; spelled correctly; whose pronunciation was 
 faultless and distinct; a good arithmetician; understood gi-ammar and geogra- 
 phy, and wouldn't lick me, because I had spoken truthfully when I had got- 
 ten mto a little scrape. His kindly admonition is by no means forgotten, 
 though it was given fifty-two years ago. The lesson was a valuable one. 
 
 "Next in order was Capt. Thomas Anderson, who was very particular, and 
 somewhat stern in his discipline. He quit teaching in 1836, and now resides 
 m Knox County, Ohio. Then there was Benjamin Davis, who stood high as 
 to qualifications, and his ability "to vigorously apply the rod and ferule. He 
 moved to the West soon after 1850. He was well up in vears at that time. 
 Jiugene Owens, a brilliant scholar and surveyor, flourished somewhat earlier 
 than my time, but was highly spoken of. Then I mention Capt. Isaac Miller, 
 who taught, probably, over half a century, and died only a few years ago. 
 
^rgi-ea^ 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 299 
 
 Who didn't know him? A good penman, and the very man who coLild manage 
 schools with a hard reputation. He had an abiding faith in a liberal applica- 
 tion of Solomon's celebrated cure for a fool's back, and at the same time could 
 work out any number of knotty problems. As he taught many years, he was 
 also contemporaneous as a teacher during my career. Beginning in 1849, 
 your humble friend figured in a modest way, trying ' to teach the young idea 
 how to. shoot,' and to keep the boys of that day from carrying me out of the 
 schoolroom. That would not be an easy job now, but in those days I was ex- 
 tremely spare — in fact, lean — so my weight could not have been a great matter, 
 but I was active and rather muscular, so they never tried it. However, I was 
 elected county sui'veyor in 1856, and in those days there was more official bus- 
 iness than now. I resigned my school after a short career, though I have 
 taught fractional terms since. I was one of the first two who introduced men- 
 tal arithmetic in the schools of our township, and belonged to one of the first, 
 if not the first township institute (at least in the rural districts), in the county 
 This was composed of P. M. Shoemaker, since county superintendent three oi 
 four terms; Capt. E. K. Lehman, Hon. W. W. Britton, late member of Legis- 
 lature; John W. De Haven, at present teaching in Greene Township; B. A. 
 Cormany, Esq. , clerk of the courts, and now of Junction City, Kas. ; A. B. 
 Wingert, a splendid young teacher then, who followed the business very suc- 
 cessfully for a number of years, but is in other business now, and your humble 
 servant. Nearly all of these had, or afterward obtained, professional certifi- 
 cates. Montgomery Martin and Henry A. Thomas also figured prominently in 
 those days as teachers. Then there was, a little later, D. D. Swanger, of 
 Lurgan Township, but he is a merchant now and a justice of the peace. I 
 must not omit Saml. Gelwix, ex-county superintendent, and his brother, Dr. 
 J. M. Gelwix. I feel a little proud of some of my school boys, who afterward 
 taught awhile successfully. First I would name Prof. Wm. 0. McClelland, of 
 Shippensburg High School; A. G. Huber, Esq., principal of a soldiers' orphans' 
 school, of Philadelphia. He was a graduate of the Michigan University, at 
 Ann Arbor. His brother, Eev. B. G. Huber, also, was one of my little school 
 mischiefs thirty-four years ago. Kev. S. B. McClelland, a Presbyterian minister, 
 is a younger brother of W. C. McClelland. Eev. Jonathan A. West, Jr. , now a 
 resident of your State, but his charge extending into Ohio, was one of my bright- 
 est boys in the first class in mental arithmetic, and in the advanced class in gram- 
 mar. Then I had another quiet boy in Greenleaf's National, who seldom 
 required help; it was R. Walker Bamsey, who, after teaching awhile, studied 
 medicine, and is one of our best physicians in the county. He has a large 
 practice in and around St. Thomas. Then Rev. H. A. Schlichter, presiding 
 elder, and Danl. W. Sollenberger, who was deputy recorder, are ministers in 
 the United Brethren Church. The latter was a very successful teacher, and all 
 these were pupils of mine. Of course they became what they are, since they 
 left my school, but I can not help feeling some pride in them; I feel as if I had, 
 perhaps, helped to put a stone in the foundation. But to come down still fui-ther ; 
 we have had D. A. Flora, B. F. Newton, L. F. Creamer, now of Dayton, 
 Ohio, and Frank H. Slyder, the latter a prospective candidate for county 
 superintendent, and Misses Emma and Naomi Minehart, all splendid teachers. 
 Most of them had permanent, and all of them professional certificates, but 
 there is not one of them teaching here. A few of them teach elsewhere, and 
 the rest are engaged in other business. Why are they no longer teaching 
 here? The case is plain enough. School directors are generally selected 
 because they pay a good deal of school tax, or such as are in favor of low 
 taxes for school purposes, and such as favor low salaries and short school 
 
300 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 terms. The natural consequences have followed. Salaries from $20 to $35 
 per month for five or six months are not exactly calculated to keep in the 
 ranks, or in the district, teachers with professional papers. Comment is unnec- 
 essary. 
 
 ' ' I told you something of our teachers of 'ye olden time, ' and I imagine I 
 see the schoolhouse of the same ancient day. It is a log house in the midst 
 of the woods; board roof; low room; low window-sash, sliding sidewise; joist 
 unhewed on lower side; slab benches, pin feet, like a meat bench; desks of slabs 
 along walls, supported by sticks driven into two-inch holes in the logs of the 
 wall, and a stove of the most primitive kind. The house crouches modestly in 
 the woods, sheltered from the chilly blast, and forming play grounds unlimited 
 in dimensions. Here we played town ball, corner ball, sow ball and long ball. 
 Sometimes we would jump, to see how high we could leap; then it was hop, step 
 and jump. Once in a while we played ring, provided the girls would help, 
 and generally they would. As far as it goes we were learning, too. We had 
 but little grammar or geography, and we hardly knew what algebra meant, 
 only that it was miich harder than arithmetic; but our spelling class would not 
 need to blush in m6dern days. Nary blackboard nor other appliance; only two 
 things were prominently in view — the old schoolmaster' s pipe, the cloud of 
 smoke almost hiding the inevitable, the ever present birch. Then the rosy- 
 cheeked, home-spun, flannel-bedecked little maidens, to whom we wrote little 
 missives, though it was strictly forbidden; yet we found means to slyly con- 
 vey them unobserved by the teacher, and the tender replies were just as slyly 
 brought to our side. Just think of it. Such wonderful effusions as. 
 
 The rose is red, the vilets blew, 
 Shooger is sweat, and so ar you. 
 
 " Then what heart beatings there would be to get, the same hour, a reply 
 something like this. 
 
 the ring is round, it has no end 
 So is my love to you, my friend. 
 
 or 
 
 My pen is bad, my ink is pail 
 My Love to you Shall never f ale. 
 
 Not very good spelling to be sure, but human nature, among children as 
 well as men, fifty years ago, was much as now. Ah! those days are past a 
 long, long time ago for us. The parents who sent us to school with our small 
 dinner baskets and a few books, are nearly all gone, and if here yet, are in 
 their second childhood. 
 
 Nearly every one of our old-style teachers are gone to their reward. May 
 they wear an extra bright crown in the celestial city. The old log school- 
 house has long ago given way to the larger and better ventilated and well- 
 furnished room, with blackboards and other aids to efficient and intelligent 
 instruction. Schoolhouses are nearer together, so children have not so far 
 to go, and, when there, find comfortable seats and desks, etc. Additional 
 branches are taught in a scientific and common-sense manner, and yet some of 
 us sigh for the good old times of yore. What unreasonable creatures we are! 
 ''I commenced to study surveying from an old 'Gibson,' in the fall of 
 ISiS, and undertook to survey a farm of over 200 acres on the 9th of Febru- 
 ^M ' ^^'^^' -^^^^ ■'■ ^^^ '^^^^ ^ ^^* °^ borrowed instruments, but I had remark- 
 able success that day, and it brought me other work. I had never seen any one 
 survey, had no living teacher, but I struggled onward, and, when I floundered 
 among difficulties, I struggled, as did Christian in the slough of despond, toward 
 -the far side, or the side toward which I had been traveling. The instruments 
 
HI8T0EY ,0F FBANKLIN COUNTY. 301 
 
 were old and worn, and I had a good deal of trouble with them at times, es- 
 pecially the compass, but these very difficulties proved of value in after life. I 
 watched the movements of the needle very closely, to detect, if possible, irreg- 
 ularities in its movements. I was always on the alert, a habit that sticks to 
 me to this day; and I flatter myself I can notice such vagaries as the needle 
 often displays as soon, perhaps, as any one, and should it be out of order 
 apply the remedy as soon as possible. My parents would have preferred that 
 I should let surveying alone, and threw many discouragements in my way — 
 sometimes I did become discouraged for a time — but I had a good deal of per- 
 severence and enthusiasm for the business, which sometimes amounted to a 
 passion, but I went on, got other books and other instruments by degrees, so 
 I at last became established as a surveyor. When I taught school I took up 
 algebra and in a year or two had acquired a very good knowledge of the 
 elements of that useful branch, which aided me in understanding better the 
 later works on surveying. I have constructed several useful tables for iise in 
 the field. One is a table of the amount of declination, or popularly the varia- 
 tion, of the needle for each year from 1736 to the present time. It is very use- 
 ful and convenient. To find an analytical expression to compute the numerical 
 values for each year was a tedious and difficult matter, but I succeeded in ob- 
 taining an empirical expression that fits in nicely. I would have published 
 it, but it is only of local value, the needle not pointing the same except in a nar- 
 row belt of territory, and the rates of changes in different localities not being 
 the same. Another table is to find the amount of refraction to allow on my 
 solar transit in setting off the declination arc of the instrument, the amount for 
 different hours of the day, during the different seasons of the year, depending 
 upon the elevation of the sun. This had to be ascertained by spherical trigo- 
 nometry and a little practical astronomy. It involved more labor than I ex- 
 pected when I began, or I would certainly have left it alone, but having made 
 a beginning I did not like to give up, and I didn't. The table is found in 
 my field books, and when I use the solar attachment I can depend on it 
 pretty well. It would do very well, but the refraction of the atmosphere varies 
 with the temperature, as well as barometrical changes, etc., and I don't carry 
 either a thermometer or barometer with me; am too poor." 
 
 A provision was contained in the constitution of 1776 to the effect that 
 "A school or schools shall be established in each county by the Legislature 
 for the convenient instruction of youth, with such salaries to the masters paid 
 by the public as may enable them to instruct youth at low prices. ' ' 'This 
 was a step toward popular education as a condition of worthy citizenship, but 
 it indicated no precise way in which the desirable result was to be accom- 
 plished. For many years this provision of the constitution seems to have 
 been a dead letter, the Legislature exercising its discretionary power with no 
 perceptible results. 
 
 The constitution of 1790 proceeded a step further and required that ' ' the 
 Legislature should, as soon as conveniently might be, provide by law for the 
 ■establishment of schools throughout the State in such manner that the poor 
 might be taught gratis. " But no scheme which makes an odious discrimina- 
 tion between the children of the poor and those of the rich can hope to be 
 worthy of popular favor, being diametrically opposed to the genius of our 
 civil institutions. Neither by the organic law nor by the law of 1809, which 
 failed to avoid the same difficulty, did relief come. It came only when pro- 
 vision for the education of rich and poor was equally gratuitous. 
 
 In the constitution of 1838 the odious feature of 1790 was re-enacted; but 
 in that of 1873 it was declared that "the General Assembly shall provide 
 
302 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of public 
 schools, wherein all the children of this Commonwealth, above the age of six 
 years, may be educated, and shall appropriate at least one million of dollars each 
 year for that purpose. No money raised for the support of the public schools of 
 the Commonwealth shall be appropriated to or used for the support of any 
 sectarian school. Women twenty-one years of age and upward shall be eli- 
 gible to any office of control or management under the school laws of this 
 State." 
 
 From the foregoing constitutional and statutory provisions it will be 
 clearly seen that the public-school system, like the methods of instruction and 
 the character of private schools briefly referred to in the first part of this 
 chapter, has been a gradual growth. School systems, like the best men, are 
 molded out of faults. 
 
 The act of the Assembly establishing the free schools of the common- 
 wealth of Pennsylvania, was approved by the governor on the 1st of 
 April, 1834. Under its provisions the first election for school directors in 
 each district was held on the third Friday of September following, and on 
 the first Tuesday of November was appointed a joint meeting in each county of 
 a delegate from the several boards of school directors and the county commis- 
 sioners, for the purpose of deciding whether or not a tax should be levied for 
 the support of schools. At an election held on the 19th of September, 1834, 
 under the above provisions, the following persons were elected school directors 
 for Chambersburg District: Samuel D. Culbertson, Thomas Chambers, 
 Jacob Heart, William Seibert, Frederick Smith and William Heyser. 
 
 On Tuesday, the 4th of November, 1834, the joint meeting of the 
 delegates from the different boards of school directors and county commis- 
 sioners of Franklin County was held in the court-house, in Chambersburg, and 
 was organized by electing Andrew Thomson, president, and Thomas Chambers, 
 secretary. The following townships had accepted the provisions of the school 
 law and were represented by delegates: Antrim, George W. Hewett; Cham- 
 bersburg, Thomas Chambers; Fannett, William Campbell; Greene, Andrew 
 Thomson; Guilford, Samuel Wingerd; Hamilton, David Lytle; Letterkenny, 
 Benjamin Hoover; Lurgan, John Reynolds; Me.tal, Joseph Flickinger; Peters, 
 Nicholas?Baker; Southampton, Jonathan Peal ; Warren, John Thomas; Wash- 
 ington, David Wertz; county commissioners, Joseph Culbertson and John 
 Cox. 
 
 The convention resolved that a tax be levied, not exceeding in amount 
 double the funds appropriated by the State to each school division; Saturday, 
 December 4, was fixed on as the day on which the people of the several school 
 districts should assemble, at the usual place of holding township elections, to 
 decide whether they would raise, foir the cun-ent year, a sum in addition 
 to that determined on by this meeting. At the meeting of the citizens of 
 Chambersburg District, held in conformity with the above resolution, it was 
 decided not to raise any additional sum for school purposes. There are no 
 records in existence to show when the schools were opened, but likely about 
 he 1st of January, 1835, as the following appropriations by the State for that 
 year are the first that can be found: 
 
 ^°*™-- 133580 Lurgan $ 65 44 
 
 Ohambersburg 143 08 Metal.. . 7429 
 
 i^'^nett 6490 Peters '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.". 12116 
 
 X^'^f.'i^-, 16306 Southampton 78 50 
 
 S„ ^'?r'^ 154 56 St. Thomas 96 20 
 
 f^,?ii\'o° 7565 Warren ' 5155 
 
 Letterkenny 112 50 Washington ...218 45 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 303 
 
 Though the records are very meager, we are convinced that the educational 
 sentiment was slowly developing. In his history of Franklin County, Eupp 
 has this paragraph in 1846: 
 
 '• The state of education is improving. The common-school system has 
 been adopted in every district except one township — Warren. The schools are 
 in operation in 13 districts, in which 112 schools are open about five months 
 and a half in the year, employing 96 male and 17 female teachers, at an aver- 
 age salary of 117.72, of the latter 111.21 per month; in these schools 8,282 
 male and 2,711 females are taught, 70 of whom are learning German. A 
 district tax has been raised of 111,781.74 — the State appropriation was 18,- 
 136 — cost of instruction 110,490.74; fuel and contingencies 1904.70, for 
 the year 1844. Besides the public schools, other literary institutions, already 
 noticed, exert a salutary influence upon the several classes of society. ' ' 
 
 Comparatively little can be found concerning the common schools up to 
 1857, all the records prior to that date having been destroyed in the Chambers- 
 burg fire. In the following table, taken from the report of the State school super- 
 intendent for 1885, is exhibited a condition of things veiy favorable as com- 
 pared with the imperfect showing in the reports of 1835 and 1846. The attend- 
 ance is increased, wages advanced and a spirit of growing liberality exhibited: 
 
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HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 305 
 
 The county superintendency was established under the following section of 
 the law of May 8, 1854: 
 
 "The school directors of the several counties of the commonwealth shall 
 meet in convention at the seat of justice of the proper county, on the first 
 Monday of June next, and on the third Monday of May in each third year 
 thereafter, and select viva voce by a majority of the whole number of direc- 
 tors present, one person of literary and scientific acquirements, and of skill and 
 experience in the art of teaching, as county superintendent for three succeeding 
 school years; and the school directors or a majority of them in such conven- 
 tion, shall determine the amount of compensation for the county superinten- 
 dent, which said compensation shall be paid by the superintendent of common 
 schools, by his warrant drawn upon the State treasurer, in half yearly install- 
 ments if desired, and shall be deducted from the amount of the State appro- 
 priation to be paid to the several school districts for said county." 
 
 Under the law the directors met in the court-house, Chambersburg, Mon- 
 day, June 5, 1854, choosing James O. Carson, president, and Geo. Cook and 
 Wm. B. Gabby, secretaries. Nominees for county superintendent were: Eev. 
 B. S. Schneck, Chambersburg; James McDowell, Antrim; Joseph Eckhart, 
 Guilford; Matthew Irwin, Montgomery; Kev. Joshua Kennedy, Fayetteville; 
 Jas. D. McDowell, Peters; Eev. J. F. Kennedy, Chambersburg. On the 
 fourth ballot James McDowell was selected, and his salary fixed, after much 
 controversy, at $600 per annum for the next three years. One of the first 
 acts of a general character, after Mr. McDowell' s election, was the organiza- 
 tion of a county teachers' institute. In the Franklin Repository of December 
 13, 1854, appears the following sensible call : 
 
 ' ' To the friends of education : With a view the more successfully to carry out 
 the design of the common school system, and to advance the cause of educa- 
 tion in general, we respectfully invite and earnestly request a convention of 
 teachers, school directors and the friends of education generally, to meet in 
 Chambersburg, on Friday, ^.he 29th inst., at 10 o'clock, in order to make ar- 
 rangements for the organization of a county association for the improvement 
 of teachers and to aid each other in the management and government of 
 schools and the art of teaching, and for the dissemination of correct views 
 and information on the subject of education, and the best methods of pro- 
 moting it. And we hope that all interested will give us their countenance in 
 the movement; that our lady teachers will not be backward to cheer us with 
 their presence and support us by their very efficient aid, and that none of the 
 teachers will absent themselves who can attend, and also that directors will 
 encourage the attendance of teachers by all means, if, even to the exoneration 
 of them from replacing the time which they may occupy in attendance on this 
 matter; as it may, and no doubt will, result in a general and lasting benefit 
 to the schools within the county. 
 
 ' ' Addresses and essays appropriate to the occasion may be expected. 
 
 "J. McDowell, 
 
 " Greencastle, December 13, 1854. County Superintendent." 
 
 It is doubtful whether any teacher or superintendent anywhere, has had a 
 more intelligent conception of the legitimate sphere of the teacher's work 
 and responsibilities than is indicated in the foregoing announcement. It 
 must be remembered that at that time, with probably the exception of "Page's 
 Theory and Practice of Teaching," no professional text books on the science of 
 education had been published, and yet this proclamation implies an acquaint- 
 ance with the advanced views of educational writers and thinkers. 
 
 Mr. McDowell lived btit a portion of his term, and was succeeded by Hugh 
 
306 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 J Campbell wbo filled out the unexpired term. No records of the institutes 
 and county superintendent' s work having been accessible we give the fol- 
 lowing interesting report, prepared at our request by one of the old teachers 
 and superintendents of the county, Mr. A. McE warn,* now of Fannett^burg: 
 "My first knowledge of the schools of Franklm County ^as prior to the 
 <3reation of the office of county superintendent which was in 1854. I taught a 
 term of five or six months in Green Village, and lived m Scotland Greene Town- 
 ship, in the winter of 1851-52. Dr. Charles Howland during the same winter, 
 tau^hj; the Scotland school. In the winter of 1852-53 I taught the grammar 
 schSol in Mercersburg. which had for several years been taught by Mr Thos 
 Eichards I then l&ft Franklin County and, from the fall of 1854, to that of 
 1858 in Shippensburg. In the fall of 1858 1 was elected principal of the schools 
 of Chambersburg, which post I held for five years, when I was elected in May, 
 1863 county superintendent. P. M. Shoemaker, Esq., was county superin- 
 tendent during the five years of my teaching in Chambersburg. My relations 
 with him were of a pleasant character. He was an efficient officer and had 
 inaugurated both annual meetings of the teachers in Chambersburg, and semi- 
 annual meetings to be held in the other towns and villages in the county. 
 These meetings were carried on mainly by home workers, the county super- 
 intendent being one of them, with an occasional lecture by a member of the 
 Chambersburg bar. During the day sessions the exercises were conducted by 
 the teachers, led generally by some one appointed by a committee or the 
 county superintendent to open the subject, which was generally some 
 branch of education then in the schools. GreSncastle, "Waynesboro, St. 
 Thomas, Strasburg and Mercersburg were points of meeting for the semi- 
 annual gathering. These points, though not calling out so many of the 
 teachers of the county, always manifested a deep interest in the proceedings, 
 and the practice of the institute was, I believe, uniformly to elect, as a presid- 
 ing officer, some citizen, director or otherwise, to serve during our session. The 
 branches received that attention which we thought they required in order to 
 a uniformity of method in teaching, as well as a more thorough scholar- 
 ship of the teachers. Mental arithmetic, or the analysis of problems 
 orally under certain formulas, was a fi-equent exercise, and few teachers were 
 disposed to shirk their duties when called upon. Algebra was frequently 
 presented by some one or other in a fair degree of clearness. 
 
 ' ' The institutes in Chambersburg scarcely ever called out the citizens to any 
 great degree. Whether this was favorable or unfavorable to the cause of edu- 
 cation, each one, I presume, will judge for himself. Our object in meeting 
 was our mutual improvement, and our attendance was altogether voluntary. 
 No legislative enactment provided for such meetings or provided for the ex- 
 penses. That many teachers profited by the exercises, when conducted by 
 those teaching the elementary schools, as well as those teaching the schools of 
 higher grade, was a matter not doubted at the time; however, it may be looked 
 upon now as " a day of small things" by those who are the quiet recipients 
 and passive auditors in our now journal-trumpeted institutes, which, by legis- 
 lative enactments, can draw to the extent of |200 from the county treasurer to 
 help pay instructors from other parts of the world for what could be as well ob- 
 tained from our own teachers. It will be understood that the bre;aking out of 
 the war in 1861 was teiTibly inimical to school interests in Frpnklin County. 
 
 *During the burning of Chambersburg, Mr. McElwain was living two and,a half miles west of the town. 
 Rebel soldiers stopped iu large numbers at his house. Among them was a' chaplain who inquired of the 
 superintendent whether he had ever been a teacher of " niggers." Mr. McElwain replied that he had oew- 
 sionally been. This was enough. When the troops retired, they fired his house, and,permitte'l nothing to be 
 removed under penalty of death. The loyalty, honesty and philanthropy of the school-master caused the 
 loss of his property. The oflenee was — he had taught I'niggers." 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 309 
 
 The attention of its citizens was too mucli engrossed with the threatened destruc- 
 tion of their property and their government to be easily gained to school inter- 
 ests, and on entering upon my duties of county superintendent I found 
 myself handicapped in my efforts to secure attention to school interests, in the 
 face of superior claims upon the attention to homes and property. I insti- 
 tuted no new policy, except that I declined to accept the profiFered help of 
 fledgeling attorneys of the law and politicians to build up an institute of pro- 
 fessional teachers. I regarded it then, as I do now, an opportunity for devel- 
 opment of the qualities which the teachers need, if only they could be trained 
 to do as all other professions do — hold their own conventions and conduct 
 them themselves. The first institute held during my incumbency was held in the 
 Washington Street School building, in Chambersburg. State Superintendent 
 Coburn was invited to attend, and met with us there. He gave us encourage- 
 ment, and the response made to my requests to teachers to aid in making our 
 institute profitable was very gratifying. I have no preserved data from which 
 to give a full account of our proceedings, but my memory reverts with pleasure 
 to many teachers who contributed valuable aid to your humble servant in hia 
 efforts to assist young and earnest teachers in qualifying themselves for their 
 duties. I trust it will not be regarded as invidious to name those who took a 
 deep interest in our discussions and investigations of the topics brought before 
 the institutes: Messrs. Eby, Omwake, Smith and Weir, of Antrim and Green- 
 castle; Gaff, Stoler and Brown, of Washington and Waynesboroj Richards, 
 McElwain, Hockenberry, McFadden, Eckhart and Moore, of Chambersburg; 
 Moore, Croft and Kendig, of Hamilton; Shoemaker, Gelwix, Winger, Leh- 
 man and Kaufman, of Letterkenny; De Haven, Swanger, Shoemaker and 
 Martin, of Lurgan; Blair, McClelland, Mc Mullen and Orr, of Southampton; 
 Thompson, Sollenbergers and Bollinger, of Greene; Shaffer, Snyder, Shriver, 
 Cook and Wolfkill, of Guilford; Keyser, Hays, Detrichs, Wolf, Jones, Mc- 
 Clean, and others, who taught in different townships. Some of these are still 
 teachers in the county, some following other pursuits in life, and quite a num- 
 ber have passed beyond the dark river, toward which most of them are rapidly 
 moving. Many ladies also attended our institutes, and only a want of mem- 
 ory prevents a mention of the particular exercises in which they engaged. 
 
 ' ' Our second annual institute, during my term of ofiSce, was held in the 
 basement of the Lutheran Church, it being in the year 1864. Chambersburg 
 had been laid in ashes by the rebels on the 30th of July preceding, and the 
 educational fires burned low. I can give nothing definite of our proceedings. 
 The semi-annual meetings also were abandoned on account of the distraction 
 occasioned by the war. A meeting was held in the Masonic Hall, I believe, in 
 1865, which was tolerably well attended. Daring the year 1865, a move was 
 made to secure the Normal School of the Seventh District of Pennsylvania in 
 Chambersburg. Notice of a meeting to be held in Chambersburg, was given to 
 the counties embraced in the district to send representatives to the meeting. 
 Cumberland County and Franklin County only were represented. State Supt. 
 Coburn was present as chairman of the meeting. It was settled on the basis of 
 the number of schools of the two counties that Franklin County have nine, and 
 Cumberland County eight, delegates. An effort had been made to secure pledges 
 of stock in Shippensburg, Newville, Mechanicsburg and Shiremanstown, and 
 they had agreed to pool their interests so as to secure the school either in Ship- 
 pensburg or Newville. On motion of F. M. Gilliland, a delegate from Cum- 
 berland County, Shippensburg was nominated as the seat of the school. This 
 motion was amended by A. M. McElwain, a delegate from Franklin County, 
 that action in the premises be postponed, on account of the depleted condition 
 
310 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ■of Chambersburg' s finances in consequence of the burning of the town the 
 jear previous. This amendment was carried by a vote of 9 to 8. Thus 
 «nded all efPorts on the part of the several counties to locate the school. It 
 was subsequently located at Shippensburg, through individual enterprise of 
 •citizens of that place, and recognized by the State as the Seventh District 
 School. This meeting was called at the instance of George Swartz, Esq., 
 superintendent of Cumberland County. I made some efforts to secure the 
 rschool in Chambersburg. Hon. F. M. Kimmel and J. Wythe Douglas, Esq., 
 "were delegates in behalf of Franklin County. In my preparation for the 
 meeting I called on a number of the leading business men of Chambersburg, to 
 get them to attend the meeting. Among them was Mr. William Wallace, mer- 
 chant, now deceased, who said he could not attend, but that I might say for 
 him that he would give 1500 toward the enterprise. 
 
 "Diu-ing my incumbency, on account of the war prices bearing hard on 
 salaried officers, a meeting of the school directors was called about the middle 
 of my term to increase my salary, which was then $600. The directors met 
 in convention in the public school building, on King Street, Qhambersburg. 
 Mr. Craig McLanahan was called to the chair. A motion to increase the salary 
 to $1,000 was lost; $950 was a tie, and on second vote was lost; $800 was 
 then fixed as my salary for the remainder of my term. This continued to be 
 the salary of P. M. Shoemaker, Esq., my successor, for part of his term, 
 when by a convention called it was raised to |1, 200, and thus remained until, 
 by legislative enactment, it was fixed on the present basis of $4. 50 for each 
 ■school of the county. I was not a candidate for re-election; other business 
 took my attention from the schools to some extent, but I remained in the 
 county till 1871. The law, giving financial aid to the institute and the time to 
 the teachers, increased the attendance of teachers and introduced hiring of 
 instructors. ' ' 
 
 LIST OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. 
 
 1854-57— James McDowell, Hugh J. Campbell. 
 
 1857-60— Philip M. Shoemaker. 
 
 1860-63— Philip M. Shoemaker. 
 
 1863-66— Andrew J. McElwain. 
 
 1866-69— Philip M. Shoemaker. 
 
 1869-72— Samuel Gelwix. 
 
 1872-75— Jacob S. Smith. 
 
 1875-81— S. H. Eby. 
 
 1881-87— H. A. Disert. 
 
 RELIGIOUS. 
 
 The early settlers of Franklin County were, as a rule, members of the 
 «hurch, and took immediate steps not only for the preaching of the Word, but 
 for the erection of suitable places of worship. While "the groves were God's 
 first temples," the people of the valley were not content until the log meeting 
 house, located near some sparkling spring, was erected. To them the dearest 
 place on earth, next to the humble log dwelling, was the little meeting-house 
 where, often under most trying circumstances, they were accustomed to meet 
 for divine worship. 
 
 The early Scotch-Irish settlers were Presbyterians. Their churches are 
 the oldest, dating back to within a few years of the first settlements made 
 Eoeky Spring, in Letterkenny Township, Falling Spring, at Chambersburg, 
 Mossy Spring, at Greencastle, Upper West Conococheague, formerly at Church 
 
HISTOKY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 3il 
 
 Hill, but now at Mereersburg, Welsh Bun, and the congregation in Upper 
 Path Valley are the primitive congregations, built on the teachings of the con- 
 fession of faith. Their origin and history are given in the several boroughs 
 and townships to which they belong and need not be repeated. 
 
 As early as November, 1734, the presbytery of Donegal, which had the charge 
 of the territory west of the Stisquehanna, sent Rev. Alexander Craighead to 
 preach to the scattered Presbyterian settlers over the river. His labors were con- 
 fined to two or three Sabbaths. The succeeding year. Revs. Craighead, Thomp- 
 son, James Anderson and William Bertram, all ministered to the same people, 
 their labors, however, being confined to Silver Spring and other points in Cumber- 
 land County. The earliest reference to Presbyterians in what is now Frank- 
 lin County, is found in the records of Donegal Presbytery during its sessions 
 at Derry, September 2, 1736, as follows: " It being represented by Thomas 
 Brown from Conococheague^that Mr. W'r, lately from England, who was re- 
 jected by our presbytery, is likely to do harm to our interests by inveigling 
 the people, Mr. Anderson is ordered to visit said people in order to dissuade 
 ■them from entertaining him as a minister. ' ' Who this ' ' Mr. W'r' ' was, or what 
 became of his efforts to turn the elect from the faith, is not known, all conjec- 
 tures to the contrary notwithstanding. The expression, ' ' Conococheague, ' ' 
 •embraced all Presbyterians scattered over a large temtory, including those 
 who became the nuclei of the congregations at Falling Spring, Greencastle, 
 Mereersburg and Rocky Spring. 
 
 At the same session at Derry, September 2, 1736, it was decreed: "Mr. 
 Samuel Gelston is ordered to supply the people of Monada on the third Sab- 
 bath instant, the second at Conodoguinet, and the 1st and 2d of October at 
 Conococheague." In April, 1737, Messrs. Samuel Caven and Samuel Thomp- 
 son were both sent to Conococheague. By the presbytery, held November 
 17, 1737, Mr. Samuel Caven was ordered to supply, at Conococheague, the 
 first and fourth Sabbath to come, and so alternately until our next. At the 
 next meeting of presbytery, June 29, 1738, Benjamin Chambers and Thomas 
 Brown both presented petitions for ministerial aid to inspect into their dis- 
 orders,* and supply their needed spiritual wants. "After a pretty deal of time 
 in consulting as to the matter," Mr. Samuel Black was directed to goon the 
 expedition, and to answer the demands of both petitions. It was ordered by 
 the presbytery at its session, August 31, 1738, that "Mr. Caven supply every 
 ihird Sabbath on the west side of Conococheague, till our next. ' ' 
 
 Finally, after much delay and difficulty, Mr. Caven was installed as pastor 
 of the people of Conococheague November 16, 1739, Messrs. Anderson, Boyd, 
 Craighead and Thompson officiating. At this meeting it was announced that 
 "Joseph Armetrong, Richard O'Cahan, Patrick Jack and Benjamin Chambers 
 have agreed to pay Mr. Samuel Thompson the sum of £1 5s. , at or before 
 next meeting of presbytery, as being the whole of arrears due him by the 
 people at Conococheague. " The duration of Mr. Caven' s service was determined 
 by some difficulty which arose between him and his people, leading him lo 
 request his removal by the presbytery. The time of his service is specified 
 in the sketch of Falling Spring Church, at Chambersburg, which the reader is 
 requested to see. 
 
 The first meetings of the Falling Spring people were held in the saw-mill 
 of Benjamin Chambers. About 1739, a small structure of rough hewn logs 
 was erected. It was used also as a schoolhouse, and in later years became the 
 study house. In 1767 a large and more convenient one was erected on the 
 
 ♦These disorders were the difficulties which separated the FresbTterians into two divisioDs, East Conoco- 
 cheague joining with Falling Spring, and West Conococheague. 
 
312 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 same site. The following was the agreement between the trustees of the 
 
 congregation and the builder: 
 
 We, in the name of the Falling Spring congregation, do promise to pay, or cause to 
 be paid, to James Shanks, or his assigns, the sum of forty-five pounds of the currency of 
 Pennsylvania, for the building for a meeting-house at the Falling Spring, and when said 
 house is built and sufflciently done, the money is to be paid, as witness our hands and 
 his, 5th day of July, 1767. 
 
 Beitjamin Chahberb, 
 John Dixon, 
 
 his 
 
 Richard X Vbnablb, 
 
 mark. 
 
 Matthew Wilson, 
 Wm. Gass, 
 Patrick Vancb, 
 Test: Benjamin Gabs, 
 
 George Latmer, Robert Jack, 
 
 Archibald Brown. Thomas Burnbt. 
 
 In the following year Col. Chambers presented the congregation the 
 ground on which the house was built, the consideration being the annual pay- 
 ment of ' ' one rose, if required. ' ' The subsequent history of Presbyterian- 
 ism in the county is known, and will be read in the leading congregations 
 sketched elsewhere. Its members have ever been honest and industrious, in- 
 telligent and patriotic, religious and aggressive, the leaders in all the advance 
 movements of the people. 
 
 The Seceders, or Associates, and Associate Reformed Presbyterians had 
 several congregations in primitive times, at Greencastle, Mercersburg, Cham- 
 bersburg, and several other points. Those good people have been absorbed 
 by the United Presbyterians and other religious people, and are known only 
 as churches of the past. Among the early ministers were such devoted 
 men as John Cuthbertson, who preached in Franklin County as early as 1751 -, 
 Matthew Lind, who died at Greencastle at the age of sixty-nine, after a 
 ministry of some forty years; John Young, who died in 1803, having acted as 
 pastor at Greencastle, West Conococheague and the Great Cove ; John Lind, 
 1 »Q of Matthew, who succeeded Mr. Young in October, 1808, and was a popu- 
 lar preacher and pastor; James Walker who preached at Chambersburg as early 
 as September, 1799, and continued till 1820; Thomas N. Strong, who succeeded 
 Walker and continued a year or two; Thomas McPherrin, in the Welsh Run 
 region from 1774 to 1779. 
 
 The United Presbyterian Church is the result of a union, in 1858, between 
 the Associate, or Seceder, and Associate Reformed Churches. Its origin in 
 the county is accounted for by what is said concerning the absorption and dis- 
 appearance of the other two denominations just mentioned. In his excellent 
 " History of Big Spring Presbytery," in which he gives " not merely the his- 
 tory of the presbytery of Big Spring, but of all the churches, whether Re- 
 formed Presbyterian, or Associate, or Associate Reformed, or United Presbyte- 
 rian, which have existed or do still exist, * * so intimately related to each 
 other that their histories cannot well be separated," the author, Rev. J. B. 
 ScouUer, gives a list of the following named ministers who have been born within 
 the limits of Franklin County: David Carson, Greencastle; John X. Clark; 
 Robert G. Ferguson, near Concord; Matthew L. Fullerton, Greencastle; Jere- 
 miah R. Johnson, D. D. ; Joshua Kennedy ; John Lind; George McCormick, near 
 Concord; George Stewart, Greencastle; T. J. C. Webster, near Mercersburg; 
 John C. Young, D.D., Greencastle. They all became learned, popular 
 preachers. 
 
 The Lutherans began to occupy the field very early, as will be seen by 
 
HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 313 
 
 examining the history of some of the older churches. The first Lutheran 
 family in the Grindstone Hill settlement, one of the oldest of German settle- 
 ments in the county, was that of Matthias George, in 1742. Even at that 
 early day, Lutheran itinerant ministers preached occasionally to their people, 
 but history has not recorded their names. One of the earliest on record was the 
 Eev. John G. Eager, " a pious and learned man," who preached at Grindstone 
 Hill between 1765 and 1770. Other early preachers, of the last century, 
 whose labors did much to establish Lutheran congregations in the county, 
 were John George Young, John Michael Steck, Anthony U. Ludgen and John 
 RuthraufF. 
 
 Through the efforts of these tireless workers and their successors, the 
 Lutheran Church has become the largest organization, in point of numbers, in 
 the county, its membership exceeding 2, 500. 
 
 Contemporaneous with the Lutherans, and allied to it in language, sympathy 
 and national characteristics, is the Eeformed Church, formerly called German 
 Eeformed. In the beginning of German settlements, and in many instances 
 still, the Lutherans and Reformed built houses of worship conjointly, and had 
 their separate congregations and pastors. With many it is a question why 
 those two strong denominations, with but slight differences to separate them, 
 should not have united in organization as well as in their business enterprises. 
 
 As early as 1748, Eev. Michael Schlatter, of Philadelphia, made a mission- 
 ary tour through the county, visiting and instructing his scattered brethren. 
 It was during this trip he visited Jacob Snively, in Antrim, and wrote a 
 description of the rich country visited. So far as the records show, however, 
 the first preacher regularly in charge of the Eeformed congregations of the 
 coimty was Eev. Jacob Weymer, of Hagerstown, or Elizabethtown, as it was 
 called at the time. He was a zealous and devoted man. His remains are 
 buried at Hagerstown, unmarked by any monument, his dying request being 
 that his grave should have no tablet. 
 
 Mercersburg early became the Mecca of the Eeformed church in the county. 
 In the college and the seminary were to be found some of the greatest scholars 
 and thinkers of either continent; but Ichabod has unfortunately been written 
 upon the walls of these institutions, and the memories of the past are largely all 
 that is left. The church has prospered, however, and Mercersburg Classis, of 
 which Eev. Wm. M. Deatrich is clerk, reports twenty-two organized congre- 
 gations, twenty-two church edifices, six of which are union churches, and a 
 membership of 2, 360. In point of numbers it is next to the Lutheran Church. 
 
 The Methodists, the aggressive church of the country, began to take pos- 
 session of the field toward the close of the last century. Their first members 
 in the borough of Chambersburg were Daniel Madeira and his wife Eleanor. 
 They came from Eeistertown, Md. , in 1798. The first preacher who visited 
 them was Eev. Charles Burgoon, then on the Frederick circuit. This occurred 
 in 1794. He was succeeded in 1799 by Seely Bunn. For history of these 
 men and their labors, the reader is referred to the chapter on Chambersburg. 
 With its thorough system of organization and supply, the church extended its 
 dominion extensively and rapidly until it had in 1884, twelve organizations 
 and about 1, 500 members in the county. Though recent statistics have not 
 been had, its membership has greatly increased. This denomination in the 
 North has always been noted for its opposition to slavery, its ardent support of 
 the Government, and its earnest advocacy of the principles of temperance. 
 Candidates for admission to the ranks of the ministry are required, in addition 
 to literary and theological attainments, to be exempt from the use of intoxi- 
 cating drink and its kindred, tobacco. It is decidedly a reform church. 
 
314 HISTOKT OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The United Brethren in Christ is a church that was founded toward the close 
 of the last century by Eev. William Otterbein, a learned minister of the 
 Reformed Church. From the centennial sermon of Rev. J. P. Miller, of 
 Chambersburg, as well as from the autobiography of Rev. Samuel Huber, the 
 following facts are gathered: The first preacher in the county was Rev. Chris- 
 tian Newcomer. As early as 1796 he preached in John Huber' s house at 
 Rocky Spring. On Christmas day of the same year he preached in Chambers- 
 burg, and in 1797 at Henry Kumler's, four miles from Greencastle; in 1799, 
 in Mercersburg; in 1802 at John Crider's, in the neighborhood of Crider's 
 Church; in 1803, at Lemaster's, near White Church, and in 1804 at 
 George FetterhofF's, near FetterhofF Chapel. Rev. George A. Guething was 
 his coadjutor in 1797. The following were some of the early preachers in the 
 county: William Otterbein, Christian Newcomer, George A. Guething, Martin 
 Boehm, Josoph HofPman, John Neiding, Martin Crider, Abraham Draksel, 
 Christian Grosh, Felix Light, Christian Smith, Samuel Huber, Jacob Wingert, 
 J. S. Kessler, John Fohl, J. M. Bishop, E. HofiPman, W. Owens. Some of 
 these are yet doing valiant service. 
 
 The first class in the county was organized by Rev. Newcomer at Green- 
 castle in April, 1815; the second at Rocky Spring in 1817; Chambersburg was 
 organized in 1818. Preaching in Amberson's Valley began in 1819; in 1820 
 at John Mower' s, in the vicinity of MowersvUle, the first house being erected 
 in 1845, the second (Otterbein Church) in 1867; first Fetterhoff Chapel was 
 built in 1834; Crider's Chui-ch in 1840. 
 
 The following statement is taken from Mr. Miller's address in 1884: " TO' 
 show the growth of the church in the county I will quote a few statistics 
 taken from the record of Pennsylvania Conference: In 1847 we had in Frank- 
 lin County 3 pastoral charges, 34 appointments, 740 members, and contrib- 
 uted that year |28. 61 for missionary purposes. In 1857 we had 5 pastoral 
 charges, 15 churches, 54 appointments, about 1,000 members, 11 Sunday- 
 schools, 450 children in Sunday-schools, and contriljuted for missions $136. 50. 
 In 1886 we had 7 pastoral charges, 18 churches, 44 appointments, about 
 1,200 members, 15 Sunday-schools, 950 children in Sunday-schools, and con- 
 tributed $434 for missions. At present, according to the statistics of our 
 last conference, we have in Franklin County 9 pastoral charges, 30 churches, 
 valued at $60,000, 47 appointments, 2,500 members, 35 Sunday-schools, 2,700 
 children in Sunday- schools, and contributed for missionary purposes $1,500. 
 Our church in the county last year contributed for all church purposes little 
 less than $25,000." 
 
 The Roman Catholic Church in the county had preaching during the 
 close of the last century, Chambersburg'being the oldest organization. Waynes- 
 boro and Doylesburg have congregations. 
 
 The Episcopal Church has but one congregation, whose history is given 
 in the chapter on Chambersburg. 
 
 The Church of God, organized by Rev. John Winebrenner about 1830, 
 has some three or four congregations in the county, the oldest being the one at 
 Orrstown, the next the one at Chambersburg, and last Fayetteville. Its exist- 
 ence in the county is subsequent to 1840. 
 
 The German Baptists, or Brethren, constitute a numerous and respectable 
 part of the religious element in the county. Like some otier denominations, 
 they are averse to giving any statistics, or making any exhibition of a worldly 
 character. From an article published in 1884 in The Vindicator by Judge 
 F. M. Kimmel, a great admirer of these people, some facts are gathered. 
 They were founded by Alexander Mack, a native of the Palatinate in Germany, 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 315 
 
 in 1708. The first congregation, consisting of six immersed members, ' ' cove- 
 nanted together to walk in all the commands of the Lord." The entire devo- 
 tion of these people to the cause which they espoiised, their practical and 
 peaceful lives, their purity and integrity, won many to their cause. They 
 practice trine immersion, feet-washing, and salute one another with the holy 
 kiss. They are earnest advocates of simple Bible teaching, and constitute an 
 earnest division of the band of Christian workers. Their churches are largely 
 in the country. Their first entrance into Franklin County was early in the 
 last century. One of the oldest congregations in the county is one that was 
 organized near Waynesboro, and is sketched in the chapter on that borough. 
 
 The River Brethren came into the county about 1 830, divided into several 
 branches; they have a number of congregations in different parts of the coun- 
 try. They constitute a quiet and industrious portion of the people. 
 
 Hie Mennonites are thus described by John B. Kaufman, county surveyor, 
 who is one of their prominent members. They keep no records. 
 
 "A few Mennonites found their way to the southern part of Franklia 
 County, as early as 1735. Among these were Jacob Schnebele, my great-great- 
 grandfather; Samuel Bechtel, my great-grand-uncle, and others. Samuel 
 Bechtel, was for many years a Mennonite minister, but whether he was at 
 this early date or not, it is pretty certain that there were preaching and other 
 religious exercises in the dwellings of these early settlers soon after they 
 reached their new homes. 
 
 " I do not know that many of our people came to this county, at least not 
 wljiere they are now most numerous, till some time after the close of the Rev- 
 olution, when there was a large influx of them, as well as of other Germans, frona 
 the lower counties, especially from Lancaster. It was then that the Sherks^ 
 Stouffers, Lehmans, Freys, Wingerts, Eberlys, Rissers, Hubers and Sollen- 
 bergers settled in Greene, Guilford and Letterkenny Townships, taking the 
 places of many of the Scotch-Irish. There is reason to believe that the largest 
 influx was between 1790 and 1800. For many years they had no churches, but so- 
 arranged their dwellings that they held services in them by turiis, and it was. 
 about 1810, or soon after, when they erected a church, about one mile north- 
 east of Chambersburg, in Greene Township, where the brick church now stands, 
 and a small log church in Letterkenny Township, about two and one-quarter 
 miles south of Strasburg. The present structure, built in 1859, is about a 
 mile and a half farther south than the old one. The church near Brown's, 
 Mill was erected years ago. It was discontinued and a new one built, in 1867,, 
 about one mile north of Marion, on the road leading from that place to Cham- 
 bersburg. In 1860 another church was erected in Southampton Township, at 
 the lower end of Culbertson's Row, and is known as the Row Church. , It ia 
 near the Southampton Station, on the Baltimore & Cumberland Valley Rail- 
 road extension. 
 
 ' ' A fifth congregation built a church on the Warm Spring road, in Peters 
 Township, soon after the rebellion, called Hege's Church. The last named 
 three congregations are quite small in numbers. Next come the ministers. 
 I begin with those of the Letterkenny congregation, within the limits 
 of which I have lived all my life. Christian Sherk, of Letterkenny Town- 
 ship, officiated many years; died in 1832 or 1833. Jacob Lehman, of Letter- 
 kenny Township, officiated many years; died near the same time. John Gsell, 
 of Letterkenny Township, was installed some years after the death of above, and 
 died about 1872. John Hunsecker, now bishop, was installed in 1858; bishop 
 in 1872 or 1873, and holds the same office. JohnO. Lehman, of Letterkenny, 
 was installed as minister in Cumberland County; has been here about twenty 
 
glQ HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 years. The ministers of the church, near Chambersburg, have been Daniel 
 Lehman, of Greene Township, was many years a minister, died about 1850; 
 Peter Lehman of Greene Township, died about 1836 or 1837; David Horst, 
 of Greene Township, several years a minister, died in 1857 ; Philip H. Par- 
 ret, of Greene Township, perhaps twelve or fifteen years, still serves; Samuel 
 D. Lehman was installed a little over a year ago. Those of the Row Church 
 coQgregation have been Joseph Bomberger, of near Middlespring, served 
 m iny years, died nearly twenty years ago; JPeter Wedel succeeded him soon after 
 hi 3 death and still officiates. The ministers serving Marion congregation 
 h:ive been Jacob Hege, of Guilford Township, many years a minister, died 
 fi(jme twenty years ago; Benj. Lesher, of Peters Township, installed nearly 
 thirty years ago, has charge yet. Hege's Church, near Williamson, has been 
 nader charge of Benjamin Lts'ur. same as above. 
 
 "The bishops of this denoiniiuition have been John Gsell (deceased); John 
 Hunsecker, as above, has charge of the five churches. The others have only 
 local preachers. There is a very close relation between the Chambersburg 
 and Letterkenny congregations. The same ministers officiate in both. The 
 congregations commune together twice a year: in the spring at the Letter- 
 kenny Church, and in the autumn at the Chambersburg Church. I am unable 
 to give the number of members." 
 
 The Reformed Mennonites are thus sketched by H. B. Strickler, a member at 
 Waynesboro: "The Reformed Mennonite Church does not keep records of 
 admission to membership, nor of deaths; neither does it record any matters 
 referring to ordination of ministers or bishops, nor such as ^'ef er to building 
 houses for worship. Hence these matters can not be given in full. The 
 doctrine of the church was first regularly advocated by Christian Prantz, who 
 migrated to the county from Lancaster County in the year 1825, and settled 
 on a farm near Waynesboro. He had been ordained to the ministry while he 
 yet resided in Lancaster County, and after his removal to Franklin County, 
 exercised himself in preaching as opportunities presented themselves. A 
 house was built about 1827, near Ringgold, Md. , just at the State line between 
 Pennsylvania and Maryland. Here regular services have been held from that 
 time to the present. In 1876 a house was erected in Waynesboro. About 
 1850 a house was built on the Palling Spring, near Chambersburg. These, with 
 a house near Upton, Penn. , constitute the houses erected by the membership 
 of the church for public worship. Services are held at a mtmber of places 
 where members of the church are located but have no houses of their own. 
 Ministers are called by the voice of the church from the membership. After 
 serving for a season on probation, if found acceptable, they are ordained to 
 the ministry, and give their services without compensation. Ministers are not 
 stationed to fill particular charges, but serve in the locality where they reside, 
 and fill such appointments as may be within reach. There are four regularly 
 ordained ministers in the county, and two more who are serving on probation. 
 The doctrin? advocated is known as non-resistant, because its members do not 
 engage in litigation nor bear arms. ' ' 
 
 A number of colored churches are found in the county. They belong mainly 
 to the Methodist Church, and are under pastoral and conference care. Mention 
 is made of those in Chambersburg, Greencastle and Mercorsburg. 
 
 An attempt to establish Mormonism, in Antrim Township, was made in 
 1845-47, but failed. The particulars are given in the History of Antrim 
 Township. 
 
^ .^ a.^<z^^^^^ 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 319 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 POPULAR AGITATIONS AND PHILANTHROPIC REFORMS. 
 
 Human Society Compared to thk Ocean— Early Outlaws— The Nugents— 
 Slavery in Franklin County— A Cuiuous Will— Gradual Abolition of 
 Slayeey— Runaway Slavjes— The Underground Railroad— CArTURE of 
 Bob and Dave— History of John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry- 
 Fate OF His Coadjutors— Wendell Phillips' Speech— Ci'kious Prophe- 
 cies—History or Knownothingism in CiiAMBERsniTiKi— Sketches of Early 
 Temperance Moveme:^t.s in the County— Tidal Wa^-es— Washing- 
 tonian Movement— Father Matiiew's Efforts— Sons of Temperance- 
 Good Templars— Woman's Crusade— National Woman's Ciiuistian Tem- 
 perance Union— Murphy Movement— Prohibition— Franklin Cou>:ty 
 Bible Society— Children's Aid Society. 
 
 HUMAN society is fitly and often compared to the great deep, whose 
 bosom at times is perfectly placid and anon agitated by fierce winds. 
 The longer continued and the deeper the condition of peace, the more noticeable 
 will be any disturbing element. A single interval of malignant disease will 
 be remarked longer and more carefully than all the preceding period of health. 
 Public agitations are but landmarks along the pathway of human progress, 
 serving to give relief from the wearying monotony. 
 
 Honest industry did not mark all the early settlers of this beautiful valley. 
 As in every community, there were some who, rather than secure their food 
 by honest toil, were disposed to prey upon the dearly-earned accumulations of 
 others. Infatuated with the idea that the world owes them a living, they were 
 disposed to obtain the means of earthly subsistence by processes wholly 
 beyond the realm of justice and integrity. We are not surprised, therefore, 
 to learn that toward the close of the last century a band of desperadoes, 
 known by the name ' ' Nugents, ' ' infested the Cumberland Valley, and preyed 
 upon the people, whom they terrorized. Organized and systematic in their 
 operations, they swooped down upon hamlet and rustic homestead, taking 
 horses or whatever else of plunder they could most conveniently seize, and 
 hurrying to their dens in the mountains. Law and official authority were defied; 
 the people yielded their property voluntarily, often, rather than be subjected 
 to greater outrages at an unexpected hour, and, for a time, the peace and 
 prosperity of the community were at the mercy of these reckless banditti. The 
 oolonial records are not wanting in accounts like the following of the proceedings 
 of the Supreme Executive Council, dated January 14, 1784: " Ordered, that the 
 case of "William Nugent, now confined in the gaol of York County, be referred to 
 the Magistracy of the said county, and that the remission of the fine imposed 
 upon him be liable to such conditions as they may think proper to direct. ' ' W'ill- 
 iam, it seems, was the leader of this notorious gang. A little later, when Franklin 
 County had been organized, a reward of £100 was offered for his apprehension. 
 It is understood that in expiation of his crimes he was finally executed, thus 
 ending the career of one who had been the chief of a band of outlaws con- 
 cerning which some marvelous tales were told. 
 
 It is known to but few, probably, of tlio younger class of our citizens that 
 African slavery at one time existed in Franklin County as it did throughout 
 the State, but never in the malignant form which characterized the Southern 
 
320 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 States. The early Scotch-Irish did not enteiiain the same sentiment of oppo- 
 sition to the institution which distinguished the Quakers; hence many of them, 
 even the leading members of church and state, held slaves. No evidence 
 exists, however, that they were ever treated with any other conduct than would 
 have been extended to ordinary white servants, except that they were subject 
 to sale or bequest just as other property was. With this knowledge in mind, we 
 need not be surprised to find in the records of the county the following docu- 
 ment: 
 
 Know ve that I Benjamin Chambers of Franklin County, in the State of Pennsyl- 
 vania for and in consideration of Filial aflection and divers other good reasons and 
 causes ma thereunto moving, Do by these Presents voluntarily give, bestow and transfer 
 to my Daughter, Ruhamah Calhoon and her assigns, a certain Mulatto girl, a slave, 
 named Phebe, about thirteen years of age and by these presents do confirm to my said 
 daughter Ruhanlah and her assigns all my right, title and property in or to the said slave 
 Phebe from myself, my heirs, executors, administrators or assigns. In witness whereof I 
 have hereunto set my hand and seal this first day of August in the year of our Lord One 
 Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty five. Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of 
 Jno. Boyse, George Armstrong. 
 
 Acknowledged May 12, 1797. Benjamin Chambers. 
 
 Pennsylvania, however, was the first State to take steps for the abolition 
 of slavery. Even during the stormy days of the Eevolution, the question 
 presented itself for solution. The Colonial Records, Vol. XI, page 688, has 
 the following minutes of the Supreme Executive Council of which James Mc- 
 Lene, of Antrim Township, was a member, the date being February 15, 1779: 
 
 " We would also again bring into your view a plan for the abolition of 
 slavery, so disgraceful to any people and more especially to those who have 
 been contending in the great cause of liberty themselves, and upon whom Prov- 
 idence has bestowed such eminent marks of its favor and protection. We think 
 we are loudly called upon to evince our gratitude in making our fellow men 
 joint heirs with us of the same inestimable blessings, under such restrictions 
 and regulations as will not injure the community and will imperceptibly enable 
 them to relish and improve the station to which they will be advanced. Hon- 
 ored will that State be in the annals of history which shall first abolish this 
 violation of the rights of mankind, and the memories of those will be held in 
 grateful and everlasting remembrance who shall pass the law to restore and 
 establish the rights of human nature in Pennsylvania. We feel ourselves so 
 interested on this point, as to go beyond what may be deemed by some the 
 proper line of our duty, and acquaint you that we have reduced this plan to 
 the form of a law, which, if acceptable, we shall in a few days communicate to 
 you.'' 
 
 This, addressed to the Assembly, was not acted upon at the time. The 
 proposed law, however, was presented and passed on the 1st of March, 
 1780, by a vote of 34 yeas to 21 nays. Thus began gradual emancipation in the 
 State, which finally became complete, leaving only historic traces of its exist- 
 ence. 
 
 Not by her own slavery, however, but by that of her neighboring States on 
 the south, was the commonwealth agitated. Mason and Dixon' s line afforded 
 a sufficient boundary to determine the rights of realty in Pennsylvania and 
 Maryland, but was no barrier to the fugitive from Southern bondage, inspired 
 with the notion of liberty and the rights of man. The Cumberland and Shen- 
 andoah Valleys, with their lofty and heavily timbered mountains on either 
 side, afforded ample opportunities for the escape of negroes from their cruel 
 masters. In eveiy community, too, were those who sympathized with the fu- 
 gitives and afforded them every possible aid to escape from their bondage. 
 This naturally developed two classes of people in Pennsylvania: first, those 
 
HISTOKY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 321 
 
 wLo felt for the runaway, and aided him in his escape ; secondly, those who, 
 from a desire to obey the fugitive slave law, or from a selfish wish to obtain 
 the heavy reward offered for the return of the bondman, made every effort 
 possible to capture the dusky unfortunate. Between these two parties strife 
 necessarily arose. Anti-slavery and pro-slavery were terms that represented 
 very clearly the feelings of the two classes. Political parties for years would 
 have had no issues to present to the people, had not the existence of the slavery 
 problem furnished them. 
 
 The operations of the "Underground Railroad, were they written in detail, 
 would fill volumes. This expression, pui-ely historic, represents the line along 
 which negro refugees passed from bondage to liberty. At convenient points 
 they found sympathizers who aided them with food and clothing, and such in- 
 formation as would cai-ry them safely to the next station. These anti-slavery 
 aids were usually denominated abolitionists, and rapidly won the absolute de- 
 testation of the pro-slavery advocates North and South. Under the operation 
 of the fugitive slave law, they were law-breakers, and subject to both fine and 
 imprisonment, if they refused to give assistance in returning slaves to their 
 masters. 
 
 It is not possible to give the thrilling cases that the records afford of runa- 
 ways returned again to bondage. The press of those days gives numerous cards 
 advertising the runaway of some slave, and offering a large reward for his ar- 
 rest and return. Some thirty years prior to the war of the Rebellion, a 
 wealthy man living at Winchester, Va. , named Flood, and by occupation an 
 insurance agent, advertised that two of his negro servants, Bob and Dave, had 
 absconded, and offered $600 for their recovery. Mr. John Grove, constable 
 at Chambersburg, wrote Mr. Flood that he would assist in returning the fugi- 
 tives for the promised sum. Flood came, and the two went out and found 
 them near Bossart's mill, and brought them to town. They were cast into 
 prison, but on trial denied their names. Reade Washington, attorney for 
 Flood, tried a peculiar device to ascertain whether the prisoners were really 
 Bob and Dave as alleged.- Tui-ning his back upon them, be began to vwite. 
 Suddenly wheeling about he said, "Bob!" The negro unthinkingly replied, 
 "Sir." This was evidence. The poor fellows were taken back as captives, and 
 Grove received his reward, but with it the imprecations of Flood, who regarded 
 the affair a mercenary one. 
 
 Along the valley were men who made it a business, not of conscience but 
 of sordid gain, to arrest runaways and return them for the rewards offered. 
 To this class belonged the Logans and Fitzhughs who afterward became so 
 conspicuous in the capture of John Brown's associates in the Harper's FeiTy 
 raid. 
 
 In the summer of 1859, a strange man had his quarters at a frame house, 
 still standing, on King Street in Chambersburg, nearly opposite the present 
 Cumberland Valley depot. This strange man had, in early life, imbibed an 
 intense dislike for human slavery. Every fiber of his nature was conscien- 
 tiously opposed to the system. It is not strange, therefore, that during the 
 trials of Kansas in the days of border ruffianism, he should espouse the cause 
 of the free State party, and become generally known as ' ' Ossawatomie Brown. ' ' 
 To perfect his scheme for overthrowing slavery in the United States, said 
 John Brown held a convention in Canada during the month of May, 1858, 
 which made an elaborate constitution and a schedule ' ' for the proscribed and 
 oppressed people of the United States.'.' This convention, on the 8th of May, 
 elected John Brown commander-in-chief of all the forces that should be 
 secui-ed under this constitution. His staff officers were J. H. Kagi, Secre- 
 
322 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 taiy of War; Richard Realf, Secretary of State; George B. Gill, Secretary of 
 Treasury; Owen Brown, Treasurer, and Alfred M. Ellsworth and Osborn An- 
 derson, members of Congress. 
 
 The interval from May, 1858, to June, 1859, was occupied largely in devel- 
 oping plans and collecting funds for the philanthropic scheme. Men were en- 
 listed and Brown, under the assumed name of Smith, with three of his sons, 
 made several visits to Virginia, in the meantime, to examine the field. Harper' s 
 Ferry was finally selected as the keynote to the situation. Chambersburg was 
 made the base from which to further his operations. Hence, in July, 1859, 
 Brown and his three sons appeared on the streets of Chambersburg, and 
 secxired boarding, first at a hotel, and then at the private house on King 
 Street already mentioned. His real mission was unknown to the people, his 
 announced purpose being that of a prospector for minerals in the mountains 
 of Maryland and Virginia, skirting the Potomac. He paid his board regu- 
 larly, and was treated as any other well-behaved stranger would be, the peo- 
 ple of the town never suspecting that in their midst a conspiracy was plotting. 
 
 A little later, boxes securely packed and addi'essed to I. Smith & Sons 
 were received through the commission house of Oakes & Caufman. By teams 
 provided by Smith, they were immediately taken up the valley and finally de- 
 posited on the Kennedy farm, rented for the purpose in Maryland, some five 
 m.iles from Harper's Ferry. The contents of these boxes were carefully con- 
 cealed, or if announced at all, were said to embrace agricultural and mining 
 implements. Tho sequel showed, however, that they contained Sharpe's rifles 
 and pistols, swords, carbines, pike heads and the requisite ammunition. These 
 weapons he ultimately placed in the hands of the small band of men whom he 
 had collected, twenty-one in number, and with them he hoped to secure pos- 
 session of the arsenal and stores at the feiTy and thus provide arms for the 
 uprising negroes in the State, whose cause he had espoused. 
 
 His first effort was made on Sunday evening, October 16, 1859. Before 
 leaving his rendezvous on the farm, this intrepid leader addressed his fol- 
 lowers, closing with this paragraph. "Now, gentlemen, let me press one 
 thing on your minds. You all know how dear life is to you, and how dear 
 your lives are to your fi-iends; and in remembering that, consider that the lives 
 of others are as dear to them as yours are to you. Do not, therefore, take the 
 life of any one if you can possibly avoid it; but if it is necessary to take life 
 in order to save your own, then make sure work of it." 
 
 The attack upon the guards was so sudden and unexpected, that it startled 
 every one in the village. Men were captured and held as prisoners of war. 
 When Brown was asked what it all meant, his reply was : " To free the slaves, ' ' 
 and when further interrogated as to his authority for these acts, he said. "By 
 the authority of God Almighty. ' ' Guards and night watchmen were seized 
 and hold. The utmost consternation prevailed everywhere. On Monday fore- 
 noon, however, the people of the village and surrounding country, having or- 
 ganized themselves into companies, took positions on all sides of the invaders 
 and kept up, through the day, continual fixing upon the raiders, with severe 
 loss in killed and wounded on both sides. Brown's party was finally compelled 
 to seek refuge in the small brick building known then as the engine house, but 
 now as John Brown's fort, through whose walls, by the removal of bricks, 
 they made port-holes. Through these a constant firing wa? kept up against 
 any one seen on the streets, or in the houses. The prisoners captured were 
 also kept m this building, thus endangering the lives of non-combatants. 
 
 Durmg the day and night of Monday, October 18, militia troops from 
 Winchester, Frederick, Baltimore and other places began to arrive Col. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 323 
 
 Eobei't E. Lee and Lieut. J. E. B. Stuart, both subsequently conspicuous 
 generals in the Confederacy, arrived from Washington in charge of the United- 
 States Marines, to take command, and either to capture or kill the insurgents. 
 After fruitless efforts by Lieut. Stuart to secure the surrender of Brown and 
 his party, an assault of the place was made by the marines under command of 
 Lieut: Green, and all the inmates were captured. Brown received two wounds, 
 one in the head and one in the shoulder. Thus ended the attack on Harper' s- 
 Ferry. 
 
 The following is a list of Brown's party: John Brown, and his three sons, 
 Watson, Oliver and Owen; Aaron D. Stevens, Edwin and Barclay Coppic, 
 Albert Hazlett, John E. Cook, Stuart Taylor, William Lehman, William, 
 Thompson, John Henri Kagi, Charles P. Tydd, Oliver Anderson, Jeremiah 
 Anderson, Dolph Thompson, Dangerfield Newby, Shields Greene, John Cope- 
 land and Lewis Leary. The last four were negroes. 
 
 Of the foregoing, Wm. Thompson, Lehman, Oliver and Watson Brown, 
 Taylor, Kagi, Newby, Leary and one of the Andersons were killed; Dolph 
 Thompson, Owen Brown, Bai-clay Coppic, Tydd and one of the Andersons 
 escaped, and were never captured; John Brown was imprisoned at Charles- 
 town, Va., and executed December 2, 1859; Cook and Hazlett escaped, but 
 were recaptured in Pennsylvania and executed (the former on December 16, 
 1859, with Edwin Coppic). Greene and Copeland; the latter March 16, 1860, 
 with Stevens who had received nine wounds. 
 
 John E. Cook was captured near Mont Alto, while endeavoring to escape- 
 
 with several others along South Mountain. Coming down to the settlement 
 
 to get food for his hungry party, he was betrayed and apprehended by Daniel 
 
 Logan and several accomplices, hurried to Chambersburg jail, and given a 
 
 trial before Samuel Eeisher, Esq. Public sympathy was strongly in his favor; 
 
 but in his pocket book was found the following commission which proved to 
 
 be damaging testimony against him: 
 
 No. 4. No. 4. 
 
 Hbadquartbrs War Dbp't., 
 
 Near Harper's Ferry, Md. 
 
 Whereas, John E. Cook has been nominated a captain in the army established under 
 the provisional government; 
 
 Now, therefore, in pursuance of the authority vested in us, we do hereby appoint 
 and commission said John E. Cook, Captain. 
 
 Given at the office of the Secretarv of War, this day, October 15, 1859. 
 
 H. Kagi, " John Brown, 
 
 Secretary of War. Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 The preliminary examination being against him, he was taken to Virginia 
 and tried. Being a brother-in-law of Gov. Willard of Indiana, every effort 
 was made to clear him, Hon.. Daniel W. Voorhes, at present senator from 
 that State, appearing as counsel for his defense. All availed nothing, 
 however, and the brilliant young man paid the death penalty. His captor, 
 Logan, received the |1,000 "blood money " which was offered for bis arrest, 
 and divided it among his associates. Albert Hazlett rode into the town 
 of Chambersburg with a man who. had he then known him, might have 
 saved his life, Mr. H. E. Wertz, of Quincy. When he found in town the 
 unusual excitement resulting from the Harper's Perry raid, aad the state- 
 ment that some of the conspirators were in Pennsylvania, he suggested that 
 one of them had probably ridden with him to town that morning. This clew 
 led to the arrest of Hazlett at Carlisle, whither he had fled from Chambers- 
 burg. 
 
 Brown's imprisonment in the Charlestown jail was full of thrilling interest. 
 He received letters from friends all over the land, containing words of cheer,. 
 
324 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 and money for his dependent family. Notwithstanding the strong efPorts _ of 
 the counsel for the prosecution to induce him to confess the co-operation 
 of leading Northern abolitionists, he stood firm, assuming all responsibility 
 for his acts, and meeting his fate heroically. His conduct was admitted, _ even 
 by his most inveterate enemies, to be brave in the extreme. He was finally 
 executed and his body sent for burial to North Elba, Essex Co., N. T. On 
 December 8, 1859, the funeral occurred, Wendell Phillips pronouncing the 
 oration. From that address we make one quotation, prophetic of the work ac- 
 complished by this intrepid man: "He has abolished slavery in Virginia. 
 You may say this is too much. Our neighbors are the last men we know. 
 The hours that pass us are the ones we appreciate the least. Men walked 
 Boston streets when night fell on Bunker' s Hill, and pitied Warren, saying, 
 'Foolish man! Thrown away his life! Why didn't he measure his means 
 better?' Now we see him standing collossal on that blood-stained sod, and 
 severing that day the tie which bound Boston to Great Britain. That night 
 George III ceased to rule in New England. History will date Virginia 
 emancipation from Harper's Ferry. True, the slave is still there. ' So, when 
 the tempest uproots a pine on your hills, it loolis green for months — a year or 
 two. Still it is timber, not a tree. John Brown has loosened the roots of the 
 slave system; it only breathes, it does not live hereafter." 
 
 Three things deserve to be noted: First. In his interview with Gov. Wise, 
 John Brown predicted the utter destruction of Harper's Ferry at an early 
 date. This prophecy was fulfilled. The writer found on the walls of one of 
 its public buildings in April, 1886, the following, written by some wag: 
 
 Here lies the town 
 
 That was killed by John Brown. 
 
 It was once verj' flue 
 
 But not since 1859. 
 
 Second. All those engaged in arresting and executing John Brown subsequently 
 committed a like crime against the government of the United States by join- 
 ing in the Southern Eebellion. Third. Wendell Phillips' prophecy as to the 
 abolition of slavery was verified. 
 
 Without attempting to trace the various political movements, it may be 
 proper to notice briefly one that arose simultaneously in all parts of the coun- 
 try, and for a time agitated political organizations with its curious sign of in- 
 quiry: " Have you seen Sam?" Its motto " Let Americans rule America," 
 seemed to strike a popular chord, and during its two years of active existence 
 it grew rapidly, and in many cases held the balance of power between the 
 Democratic and Whig parties. Reference is had to American Know-noth- 
 ingism. 
 
 This organization began its county existence in Chambersbitrg, May 11, 
 1854, mainly through the efforts of its leader, A. H. McCoUoh, the first mem- 
 ber in the county and its first district deputy. Some of the leading spirits 
 in those days were Charles AV. Clyne, Thos. M. Carlile, Henry Merklein, 
 John Leggett, Upton Washabaugh, O. N. Lull, Alexander Grove, Michael 
 Houser, J. N. Snider, Geo. S. Eyster, F. S. Stumbaugh, John Ditzler, 
 Jacob Straley and David P. Robinson. 
 
 The history of temperance agitation in its various phases is fraught with 
 interest. Traces of movements in the early part of the present century are to 
 be noticed in the imperfect newspaper files to be seen. In the Repository of 
 1837, is found this statement of sound principles : ' ' Many of the citizens of 
 Mercersburg believing the use of alcohol, in any form as a drink, to be not 
 only unnecessary but exceedingly dangerous, met on the evening of the 10th 
 
HISTOEY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 325 
 
 of March, for the pui-pose of forming a temperance society on the principle 
 of total abstinence. ' ' At their meeting on the 27th inst. , a large attendance 
 ■was present, and the following officers were elected : President, Rev. Thomas 
 Creigh; vice-president. Rev. J. Clary; secretary, H. J. Brown; treasurer, 
 Oeorge Pearson; managers, Wm. Phillips, I. Minnick, W. C Webb, D. 
 Kroly, G. W. Walker and J. Spare. Its subsequent work is unknown. In 
 the same paper occurs this: "A meeting of the Franklin County Temper- 
 ance Society will be held at the hall, in Chambersburg, on Saturday, 15th 
 April, 1837." In 1838 a "Convention of delegates from the different 
 temperance societies of Franklin County" was appointed to be held Septem- 
 ber 7 at Chambersburg, Frederick Smith, Philip Berlin, Richard Bond, 
 Jamies Morrow and John Smith acting as committee. The same year we find 
 a brief account of the ' ' Chambersburg Temperance Society ' ' with a member- 
 ship of 281, embracing the names of such prominent men as Geo. S. Eyster, 
 G. A. Shryock, Robert M. Bard, William Seibert, M. Nead, Wilson Eeilley, 
 Joseph Pritts and George Heck. 
 
 These efforts seem to have been made prior to the sweeping over the coun- 
 ty of what are known as the ' ' tidal waves ' ' of temperance. In April, 1840, 
 six day laborers in the city of Baltimore signed this pledge: "We whose 
 names are annexed, desirous of forming a society for our mutual benefit, and 
 to guard against a pernicious practice which is injurious to our health, 
 standing and families, do pledge ourselves as gentlemen, that we will not 
 drink any spirituous or malt liquors, wine or cider." This originated what 
 was known as the Washingtonian movement that swept over the land from 
 east to west, and enlisted ite thousands. Its influence was felt everywhere. 
 
 The same year a new impetus was given the temperance cause by the ap- 
 pearance in America of Father Matthew, the world- renowned apostle, of 
 temperance in Ireland. For ten years he had labored among Jiis own peo- 
 ple on the island of Erin, securing 150,000 converts in Cork in five months, 
 and administering the pledge in Galway to 100,000 in two days. Given a 
 public reception by the civil authorities on his landing in New York, he visited 
 the principal cities of the land. Everywhere he was royally received, and 
 during his visit to this country enrolled over 600,000 converts to the good 
 cause. His pledge was simple: " I promise, with Divine assistance, to ab- 
 stain from all intoxicating liquors, cordials, cider, and fruit liquors, and pre- 
 vent, as much as possible, intemperance in others, by advice and example." 
 
 The next "wave" of any importance, was that of the Sons of Temperance. 
 Its advent into Franklin County was marked by the organization in 1845 of 
 the Evening Star Division, No. 70, of the Sons of Temperance, on the pledge: 
 " No brother shall make, buy, sell, or use, as a beverage, any spirituous or 
 malt liquors, wine or cider." Its membership reached 140 or more, embrac- 
 ing some of the principal citizens of Chambersburg: George S. Eyster, George 
 Heck, Matthias Nead, Fred. Smith, P. W. Seibert, W. G. Reed, I. H. Mc- 
 Cauley, J. Allison Eyster, C. W. Eyster, Jas. R. Kirby, Wilson Eeilly, John 
 W. Reges, Henry Greenawalt, Geo. R. Messersmith, J. W. Douglas, Jacob S. 
 Nixon, Saml. G. Lane, John K. Shryock; A. H. Senseny, S. R. Fisher, B. S. 
 Schneck, J. L. Suesserott, Edmund Culbertson, D. K. Wonderlich and others, 
 In a short time a second lodge, the Siloam, was formed. After a period of 
 five or six years these organizations fell into ' ' innocuous desuetude, ' ' from which 
 they did not revive till about 1866, when the forming of lodges of Good Tem- 
 plars gave an impetus to temperance work. 
 
 The next "wave" was that inaugurated by the Good Templars throughout 
 the land. This occurred about the close of the war, when the excitement ol 
 
326 HISTOET OF PEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 military life gave way to the more lasting divertisements of civil life. The 
 order was introduced into Chambersburg through the efforts of Kev. S. H. C. 
 Smith, then pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, assisted by John Gil- 
 more, Mrs. Eachel Sloan, Mrs. Joseph Sierer, Miss Lide Welsh and other 
 philanthropic spirits. The society grew to be a large one, and was, for a 
 time, very aggressive and successful in its work. Auxiliary societies were 
 formed in various parts of the county. 
 
 The next temperance " wave" was the Woman's Crusade, which began in 
 Hillsboro, Ohio, December 23, 1873; and in Washington C. H. , December 25, 
 the same year. The first was regarded the cradle, the second the crown 
 of the movement. Mrs. E. J. Thompson, of Hillsboro, the wife of Judge J. 
 H. Thompson, and daughter of Gov. Trimble, of Ohio, was the leader of the 
 first praying band. The movement, which was an onslaught on the saloon- 
 keeper by direct praying bands and petitioners, spread like wild-fire over the 
 North and West, and had a wonderful effect in defeating Eepublican congres- 
 sional and State candidates in the election of 1874. 
 
 The National Woman' s Christian Union was organized at Chautauqua, Au- 
 gust 15, 1874, with the appropriate motto, " For God and Home and Native 
 Land. ' ' The pledge which is used in all State and inferior unions is thus 
 expressed, ' ' I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all 
 distilled, fermented and malt liquors, including wine and cider, and to employ 
 all proper means to discourage the use of, and traffic in, the same. ' ' In its 
 scope, this organization, which seems to have lived longer than any predecessor 
 and to have become rooted in every hamlet in the country, is both educational 
 and legal. A very important feature of its work is the inculcation in text-book 
 and other literature, of the effects of narcotics and stimulants upon the human 
 system. At the same time a vigorous effort is constantly being made to secure 
 appropriate State and national legislation on questions involving the temper- 
 ance problem. An account of the workings of this organization will be found 
 in the societies as described in the various boroughs and villages of the county. 
 
 In 1876 a movement originated in Pittsburgh and spread rapidly in all di- 
 rections, known as the Murphy movement. It was named in honor of Francis 
 Murphy, an illiterate, though enthusiastic Irishman, who labored extensively to- 
 disseminate his views of temperance. No attention was paid to the saloon- 
 keeper, but special prominence was given to the poor unfortunate that had 
 risen from the gutter. So high a premium was placed upon the reformation 
 of the inebriate, as to eclipse all honor growing out of a life of continued 
 sobriety. Hence, many of the strongest advocates of the movement were, like 
 Murphy, reformed drunkards. This fact soon brought the movement into 
 disfavor. All the good features of it have been adopted by the Woman's Chris- 
 tian Temperance Union. 
 
 The last phase of the temperance problem is known as Prohibition. It ia 
 not new; prohibition as a principle has existed in every form of government, 
 human and divine, since the birth of time. As a test of loyalty the first pair 
 were restrained by a "Thou shalt not eat thereof." Without the rational 
 foundation afforded by a proper instruction which recognizes the fact that man 
 is a creature of habits; that "whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also 
 reap;" that the claims of the mind are superior to those of the stomach; and 
 that personal and associate happiness and prosperity depend upon self-control, 
 no system of legislation can produce the desired temperance reform. However 
 much philanthropists may desire it, they are compelled to acknowledge their 
 inability to secure the " complete regeneration of the morals of mankind by 
 act of the Legislature." 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 329 
 
 We have said that prohibition is ancient. Even in its legal and political 
 aspects, the question was submitted to the people of the State in 1854, and 
 lost by a vote of only several hundred. In an address dated Chambersburg, 
 September 8, 1854, and signed by George Chambers, "William Heyser, William 
 Seibert, Fred. Smith, Thomas Carlisle, Geo. S. Eyster, Wm. G. lieed, Thomas 
 B. Kennedy, W. Crooks, D. K. Wunderlich, Bernard WolfP and Fred. Hen- 
 ninger, after detailing, in very eloquent terms, the evils of intemperance to the 
 individual and the community, the significant statement is made that ' ' the 
 man who neglects or refuses to vote in favor of a prohibitory law, the provis- 
 ions of which are to be left to the sound judgment of the Legislature, will be 
 represented by those opposed to it as against it, and in favor of the liquor 
 traffic. It is for the people to say whether our innumerable shops, where in- 
 toxicating liquors are sold, shall be allowed to spread over our State drunk- 
 enness, crime and misery or their destructive business, prohibited by law. We 
 earnestly entreat our fellow citizens to give their influence and vote on the 
 side of temperance, peace, order and the public welfare. ' ' 
 
 In the address, from which we have quoted but an extract, strong grounds 
 are taken in favor of legal prohibition, showing that the solution of the prob- 
 lem has taxed the minds of earnest philanthropists for a long period. The 
 final solution will be the result of all educational, moral and legal agencies 
 combined. 
 
 The Franklin County Bible Society, one of the valuable institutions of the 
 county, was organized in Chambersburg on the 12th of December, 1814. Its 
 first corps of officers embraced the following gentlemen: President, Eev. John 
 McKnight, D. D. ; vice-presidents, Eev. James Hoffman and James Eiddle,Esq. ; 
 secretary, Eev. John Lind; clerk, Eev. David Elliott; treasurer, John Findlay, 
 Esq. ; managers, Eevs. David Denny, John F. Moeller, John Moodey, Eobert 
 Kennedy, Messrs. James McFarland, John Calhoon, Edward Crawford and 
 George Chambers. Traces of the organization are to be found in the incomplete 
 newspaper files through the intervening years to the present time. The officers 
 for 1828 were: President, Eev. David Denny; vice-presidents, James Eiddle and 
 George Chambers; corresponding secretary, Eev. John McKnight; treasurer, 
 John Findlay, Sr. ; clerk, James B. Eoss. The object, as expressed in the origi- 
 nal call for its organization, was "to procure copies of the sacred Scriptures for 
 distribution, either gratis or on such conditions as the society may think proper. " 
 We regret our inability to give statistics of its work, but understand from one of 
 its active members that it has not only maintained a continued existence to the 
 present, but has distributed liberally to destitute families the word of the 
 living God. Its benefactions during the civil war were not confined to the 
 narrow limits of the county, but extended to hospitals and camps in other 
 counties and States. One of the latest evidences of life is the following item^ 
 taken from the Valley Spirit of December, 1886: 
 
 ' ' In pursuance of a call by Eev. J. A. Crawford, D. D. , president, the mana- 
 gers of the Franklin County Bible Society convened in the pastor' s study of the 
 Central Presbyterian Church at 9:30 o'clock yesterday morning. There were 
 present Eevs. J. A. Crawford, D. D. , J. F. Kennedy, D.' D. , J. J. Pomeroy, 
 D. D., W. C. Cremer, M. L. Smyser, M. Z. Hittel, S. D. W. Smuth, H. E. 
 Phoenix and Mr. J. Hoke. After a statement by Mr. Hoke in relation to the 
 past history and present condition of the society, the following resolutions 
 were adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That a suitable time in the month of April or May next we will hold our 
 annual meeting, and that the secretary communicate with Rev. Dr. Morrow, agent of the 
 Pennsylvania Bible Society, in relation to getting him to be present on that occasion. 
 
 18 
 
ggQ HISTOBT OF FEANELHiT COUNTY. 
 
 Resolved That the president, Dr. Crawford, be directed to publish through the town 
 and county papers that the Franklin County Society is without funds, and that m order 
 to be prepwedfor its proper work, to meet our local wants by keeping on hand a supply of 
 Bibles and Testaments to be sold at cost, or to make a thorough exploration of the county 
 ai^d supply the destitute, or aid the State society m its work, it is desired that the frienrfs 
 of the cause throughout the county aid us by collections and donations, to be sent to the 
 treasurer Mr. James C. Austin, Chambersburg. , .. . , 
 
 Resolved That the secretary communicate with the Female Bible Society, of this place, 
 in relation to having a thorough exploration of the town with a view to ascertain the 
 amount of destitution of the Scriptures prevailing. 
 
 "Mr. J. Hoke is secretary of the Bible society. With the stimulus given it 
 by yesterday morning's meeting it can be safely predicted that the society will 
 resume its work with new energy and fruitful results." 
 
 One of the philanthropic enterprises of the county, deserving of special 
 mention, is The Children's Aid Society. By a legislative enactment of the 
 State in 1883, poor-houses were not permitted to retain children betvyeen the 
 ages of two years and sixteen years for a longer period than sixty days. The 
 State failing to provide for such dependent ones, private enterprises had to 
 supply the deficiency. At the time, Franklin County had twenty-five of such 
 children, under ten years of age, in her poor-house. 
 
 On June 14, 1884, a number of persons from different portions of the 
 county met in the Central Presbyterian Church of Chambersburg, and after a 
 thorough discussion of the subject it was deemed best to create a corporation 
 with power to act for the good of the children; and, therefore, for the welfare of 
 the general public, a board of directors was chosen, and on July 16 a charter 
 was granted The Children's Aid Society of Franklin County by the court 
 of common pleas, and a few days later its organization was completed. 
 More than a score of children were awaiting the opening of its sheltering arms, 
 but it was without a roof to protect, raiment to clothe, provision to feed or 
 help to care for them. For these purposes it had no funds. The remedy was 
 an appeal to the charitable; the response wa« the receipt of over $600 in money 
 and many donations in kind to start the work. A house was secured and, in 
 October following, its doors were opened, and since then thirty-eight children 
 have been admitted, of whom fourteen have been placed in good homes, and 
 twenty are now under its roof, fitting for useful service when they may be 
 wanted. 
 
 The house occupied last year could only be had temporarily, and when op- 
 portunity offered, the building now in use was purchased. It is not convenient 
 for the purpose, and too small to accommodate those in it, and the society is, 
 therefore, unable to receive the needy children now pleading at its doors for 
 admission. For these reasons, at a recent meeting of its board of directors it 
 was unanimously decided to enlarge and improve the building, and trust to the 
 benevolence of the people for the funds needed. The wants of the society in 
 the past have been generously met and we feel that this, its greatest one, will 
 be no exception. 
 
 The purpose of The Children's Aid Society, it should be understood, is to 
 care for and protect all the destitute and cruelly treated children of Franklin 
 County, without regard to creed, color or race, taking them under its roof, 
 placing them in families, looking after their welfare and helping them to lives 
 of usefulness. Of those who think this institution is intended for Chambers- 
 burg, we would ask that they disabuse their minds of this idea by looking at the 
 records of its inmates, which show that while Antrim, Quincy, Greene, Mont- 
 gomery, Washington, Southampton, Guilford, Metal and Lurgan Townships 
 have inmates of the home, Chambersburg has none. Its management is eco- 
 nomical, and the only persons who draw pay for services are the matron and 
 
HISTORY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 831 
 
 the other help in the house, the directors and other ofl&cers giving their 
 time and labor without charge. 
 
 This work is one that appeals to the sympathy and help of every person in 
 the county. It is a home mission work for the aid of those of tender years 
 who have neither friends nor money, and aims to make useful citizens of such 
 as otherwise might become paupers and criminals. Franklin County was one 
 of the first in the State under the new law to make provision for its homeless 
 and friendless children. 
 
 To expedite matters, a committee of four persons or more was appointed in 
 ■each election district in the county, to solicit and receive contributions, and to 
 become the local managers of the enterprise. 
 
 AN EXPLANATORY CARD. 
 
 At a recent meeting of the board of directors of The Children's Aid Society, John G. 
 ■Orr, James A. Reside and Mrs. Lou. Kennedy were named as a committee to devise means 
 or suggest a plan for raising by contribution sufficient funds for the erection of a building 
 for the use of the society. 
 
 A proposal was made by the VcUley Spirit that it would undertake through its columns 
 the raising of funds for that purpose. Believing the plan proposed to be practical and 
 «fEectual, and besides, as it will be done without any cost to the aid society, we cheerfully 
 accepted the proposition and heartily commend the effort to the many benevolent people 
 oi Franklin County. 
 
 Louisa Kennedy, 
 James A, Reside. 
 
 Commencing Avith May 5, 1886, the Valley Spirit began to publish in its 
 •columns the names of all contributors and the amount of each contribution. 
 Responses were general and liberal. As a result, on December 21, 1886, the 
 board of directors purchased the Mrs. Boyer property, on Federal Hill, for 
 $6,325. The property already in possession of the society was accepted by 
 Mrs. Boyer at its cost, $1,500. 
 
 In its issue of December 29, 1886, the Spirit's report of contributions for 
 the helpless, aggregated $5,458.06, showing the efficiency of live newspaper 
 advocacy, and the philanthropic spirit of the good people of the county. 
 This fund is still being augmented, and will probably reach $8,000 before 
 -the close of the first year. Future generations will rise up and bless the 
 faithful paper that has so persistently advocated the claims of the helpless and 
 dependent — an enterprise that marks a grand era in the development of the 
 ■county. 
 
332 HISTOET OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 THE GEEAT EEBELLION OF 1861-65. 
 
 INTRODUOTION-CIVIL WAR AN INTERESTING StUDT-ITS ANTECEDENTS MUST 
 
 Be roNsiDERED- Jamestown and Plymouth Typical of Two Antago- 
 nistic Civilizations— Practical Inferences— War Statistics— Firing. 
 ox Fort Sumter and its Effects- Patriotic Meetings— Hearty Re- 
 sponse TO President's Call for Troops— Incidents of 1861— Complete. 
 Roster of Tr<iops Furnished by the County— Stuart's Raid in 1862— 
 1 EE's Invasion, Preceded by Jenkins' Raid— Rebel Occupation of 
 Chambersburg and Its Events— Advance on Gettysburg— Battle— 
 Rftreat— Lke's Train of Wounded— Burning of Ewell's Supply Train 
 and Capture of Prisoners by Kilpatrick— McCausland's Raid and 
 BuKNiNG OF Chambersburg. 
 
 THE civil war which convulsed the American continent and astounded the 
 world from 1861 to 1865, is one of thrilling historic interest. Its 
 causes, its deeds of heroic daring, its varying successes, its magnitude, its 
 illustrious civil and military actors on both sides, the new ideas of statesman- 
 ship developed, its test of the capacity of man for self-government, its influ- 
 ence on the future of the New World as well as upon the Old, the dawn of a 
 new era of educational, mechanical, social and political progress — these must 
 all be wisely and dispassionately studied. He, therefore, who expects to read 
 its history successfully, by commencing with the firing on Fort Sumter in 
 1861, and reading the narrative of its thrilling events only to the surrender of 
 the last Confederate Army in 1865, commits a fatal mistake. . 
 
 To say the civil war continued only four years is historically incorrect. 
 Its causes can be traced for centuries prior to the firing upon and capitula- 
 tion of Fort Sumter, and its consequences upon American civilization will 
 end only with the last knell of time. Its causes may be assigned, phil- 
 osophically, to the basic conflict in human nature, which an inspired apostle 
 represents as a warfare between the flesh and the spirit — an ' ' irrepressible 
 conflict, ' ' whose duration is coextensive with earthly existence, and whose vic- 
 tory, sometimes on one side, and sometimes on the other, is never final, till 
 death separates the contestants. But, fixing the origin of this ' ' irrepressible 
 conflict ' ' more definitely as to time and place, let it be remarked, that in the 
 colonization of this country two radically different molds of civilization were 
 established. The colony at Jamestown, Va. , in 1607, was composed largely 
 of pleasure-seeking, wealth- desiring gentlemen of leisure, who ardently sought, 
 in the New World, what could be obtained with difiiculty in the Old. Its first 
 members, coveting that which would enhance bodily comfort, brought with 
 them no well-defined, deep-rooted moral convictions; came hot because of 
 persecutions for righteousness' sake in the parent country, nor because of any 
 burning desire to establish any special theory of education or government. 
 They represented the jovial, ease-loving classes of Europe, and their thoughts 
 and purposes in the new world would, under the operation of the law that 
 like begets like, reproduce and impress themselves upon their progeny. 'This 
 colony passed readily and naturally from a system of white serfdom to the adop- 
 tion and perpetuation of African slavery. In other words, it found African labor 
 and bondage congenial to its natural tastes, and easily became its exponent 
 and defender. 
 
HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 333 
 
 Virginia became, and remained, the dominant power in what was sub- 
 sequently known as the Southern States. She was the mother, not only of 
 presidents and statesmen, but of systems of education and theories of govern- 
 ment as well. Jamestown was the germinal, typical, dominant Southern col- 
 ony, whose impress was stamped indelibly upon that region. 
 
 The New England colonies, and notably that of Plymouth in 1620, were 
 founded by persons naturally no more intelligent, but men and women of deep 
 convictions as to the rights of the people and the powers of government — 
 persons whose persecutions in the parent country had induced them to 
 endure the perils of a turbulent sea voyage, and the hardships and privations 
 of pioneer life. Family, school, church and state; free speech, free press 
 and freedom of conscience — these all came with the original colonists. The 
 subsequent cases of intolerance exhibited toward dissenters, were only instances 
 of honest convictions, somewhat misguided, striving for their own exaltation. 
 The final rejection of African slavery was based, not wholly upon the un- 
 productiveness of the system, but largely on the promptings of a quickened 
 conscience, which recognized the enormity of a property-inheritance in human 
 flesh and blood and brain. 
 
 Says a prominent American writer and statesman: "The character of the 
 original settlers determined the character of the social and political institutions, 
 while subsequently these institutions in their turn determined the character of 
 the inhabitants. * * Thus we trace in the first stages of American history 
 two distinct currents, one running in the direction of permanent social and 
 political distinctions, and the other in the direction of social and political 
 •equality — the one essentially aristocratic, the other essentially democratic. 
 These currents were running smoothly side by side as long as they were kept 
 asunder by the separate colonial governments ; but they became directly an- 
 tagonistic as soon as, by the organization of the different colonies into one re- 
 public, a field of common problems was opened to them where they had to 
 meet. Then the question arose whi(5h of the two currents should determine 
 the character of the future development of the American Kepublic." This 
 question, "Which type of civilization shall controHhe destinies of the repub- 
 lic ? " was the problem that demanded the wisest statesmanship, the most pru- 
 dent legislation and the most conciliatory policy for nearly two and a half .cen- 
 turies. The friction which it produced was the ' ' irrepressible conflict ' ' in 
 political life. Human slavery, the cause of it all, was fortified behind the 
 ■doctrine of State supremacy as opposed to national supremacy. Two sections 
 of one great commonwealth, permeated by radically unlike theories of govern- 
 ment, were jealous of each other's interests. Agitation, infractions of law, 
 exciting speeches, publications of an inflammatory character, Northern aid to 
 negroes escaping from bondage, and Southern intolerance of Northern senti- 
 ments and public men, want of free communication between the great sections 
 — these brought about a frenzied spirit in the South, and transferred the con- 
 flict from the field of legislation to the field of battle. The conflict which 
 had, through varying phases, been raging for centuries, and which had been 
 stayed at times only by compromises in the interests of slaveiy, was renewed 
 in deadly earnest on the field of carnage. The civil war was but a continuation 
 of the legislative war. 
 
 We are now prepared to draw a few practical inferences from what has 
 preceded: 
 
 1. A rational explanation of the causes of the war furnishes a satisfactory 
 basis for charitably judging its principal instigators, or its subsequent pros- 
 •ecutors. 
 
334 HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 2. It will be seen that " Uncle Tom's Cabin," "Helper's Impending Cri- 
 sis " the efforts of abolitionists like Garrison, Phillips, Lovejoy, Giddinge, 
 Greeley, Smith, etc., John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, the inflammatoiy 
 speeches of Davis, Toombs, Yancey, Calhoun, Wise and others, were but 
 slight skirmishes in the great conflict, and only feeble means of hastenmg 
 what was inevitable— the overthrow of one or the other type of civilization. 
 
 3. It must be apparent that men educated in the same military schools and 
 trained in the same tactics would, other things being equal, become equally 
 successful leaders of armies in the field. 
 
 4. The warmer climate and the modes of living peculiar to the South- 
 ern States, caused Southern soldiers to be more impulsive and more thoroughly 
 in earnest from the beginning of the war. Hence Confederate successes were- 
 more frequent during the first two years of the war than during the last two, 
 when the supporters of the Union were thoroughly aroused. 
 
 5. Each party in the conflict, including the managing ofiicials, mistook 
 th9 nature of its enemy, overestimating its own powers and underestimating 
 those of its opponent. 
 
 6. The war for the Union could not be successful till the cause of the war, 
 negro slavery, was removed by the President's emancipation proclamation 
 and subsequent confirmatory legislation. 
 
 The civil war, of which Gettysburg is the typical battle, was one of co- 
 lossal proportions. Prom semi-official records the following statistics are ob- 
 tained: Total number of troops furnished by all the States for the Union 
 army, 2,859,132; the entire number for the Confederate Army was probably 
 about 1,500,000, though one Confederate officer* puts it as low as 650,000. 
 The Union losses were as follows: Killed in battle, 61,862; died afterward, 
 34,727; died of disease, 183,287; total, 279,376. The Confederate losses 
 were: Killed in action, 51,527; died of wounds or disease, 133,821; total, 
 185,348. This is probably but a partial statement. Number of troops who 
 died while prisoners: Union, 29,725; Confederate, 26,774. Number of 
 Union troops ca]Dtured, 212,608; number of Confederate troops captured, 
 476,169. Number of deserters from Union Army, 199,105; number of de- 
 serters from Confederate Army, 104,428. The total number of Confederate 
 wounded is quoted at 227,871; the Union losses must have been considerably 
 larger in proportion to the armies. 
 
 The total expenses of the civil war, direct and indirect, are put down as 
 $6,189,928,908. If this amount be divided by the number of slaves liberated 
 (4,000,000), it shows that every case of freedom incurred a money value of 
 over 11,500, to say nothing of the untold death and suffering and anguish in- 
 volved. 
 
 SCENES or 1861. 
 
 Early on the morning of April 12, 1861, the telegraph announced the at- 
 tack by Southern troops under command of Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard on Fort 
 Sumter, in Chaileston Harbor. But a short time elapsed before messages were 
 received announcing the capitulation of the garrison under Maj. Robt. Ander- 
 son, the lowering of the stars and stripes and the substitution of the palmetto 
 flag. With this message came the announcement that President Lincoln had 
 called for 75,000 soldiers to serve for the period of three months in crushing 
 the unholy rebellion thus inaugurated by the secessionists. Intense excite- 
 ment characterized all classes. The stars and stripes were unfurled from 
 banks, hotels, public and many private buildings. When the flag of the coun- 
 try was dishonored by Southern traitors, the loyal heart of Americans was 
 
 ♦Major H. Kyd Douglas. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 335 
 
 touched. Public meetings were held, patriotic speeches made, and the 
 popular heart fired with a sense of the gross outrage perpetrated upon the na- 
 tional emblem and authority. 
 
 In Chambersburg excitement ran high. At a public meeting, held on the 
 evening of April 17, addresses of a stirring character were made by Messrs. 
 Brewer, Sharpe, Douglas, Stewart, Rowe, McCauley, Cook and others, and 
 several thousand dollars pledged for the maintenance of the families of soldiers 
 who should respond to their country's call. The following committees were 
 appointed: On general regulations, D. "W. Eowe, Samuel Shryock and W. 0. 
 Eyster; committee on contributions, J. Allison Eyster, J. W. Douglas and 
 James Nill ; committee to supply pocket Bibles to the soldiers, Ex- Sheriff Brown, 
 I. H. McCauley and A. N. Rankin. 
 
 On Thursday evening, the 18th, a pol9, 120 feet in length, was raised in the 
 center of the Diamond, and surmounted with a beautiful banner. The occasion 
 was made memorable by the singing of "The Star Spangled Banner" by a band 
 of patriotic ladies in front of the Franklin Hotel, and the delivery of soul- 
 thrilling speeches by Messrs. McClure, Stumbaugh, Eeilly, Brewer, Everett, 
 Stenger and Welsh. This pole stood as a witness of the patriotic impulses of 
 the people of the community until Gen. Imboden's rebel cavalry cut it down 
 as they were following the rear of Lee's army to Gettysburg. 
 
 THREE MONTHS MEN. 
 
 The morning train of April 19 carried to Harrisburg Franklin County's 
 first contribution to the Union cause in the late war, the Chambers Artillery, 
 composed of 150 men and commanded by Peter B. Housum, captain; John 
 Doebler, first lieutenant; Matthew Gillan, second lieutenant; George Miles, 
 third lieutenant. 
 
 On reaching Camp Curtin, near Harrisburg, this company was divided into 
 two companies, Capt. Housum commanding one, and Lieut. Doebler the other. 
 The two, with a third, under Capt. J. G. Elder, were atttached to the Second 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg, Penn. , April 21, 1861, with the 
 following officers: 
 
 Colonel, Frederick S. Stumbaugh, of Chambersburg, Penn. ; lieutenant- 
 colonel, Thomas Welsh; major, James Given; adjutant, Isaac S. Waterbury; 
 quartermaster, George F. Smith; surgeon, Jalnes H. Dobbins; assistant sur- 
 geon, John S. King, of Mercersburg, Penn. ; sergeant-major, D. Watson Rowe, 
 of Greencastle; the colonel, assistant surgeon and sergeant-major were the only 
 regimental officers from Franklin County. 
 
 Company A. — Recruited at Chambersburg, Penn. , was mustered in April 20, 
 1861, with the following officers: 
 
 Captain, Peter B. Housum; first lieutenant, George Stitzel; second lieu- 
 tenant, K. Shannon Taylor; first sergeant, Thomas G. Cochran; second ser- 
 geant, Samuel M. McDowell; third sergeant, Adam F. Smith; fourth ser- 
 geant, Bruce Lambert; first corporal, Allison McDowell; second corporal, 
 Thomas Myers; third corporal, John F. Snider; fourth corporal, John F. 
 Pensinger; musician, Frederick Shinefield; sixty- four privates. 
 
 Company B. — Recruited at Chambersburg, Penn. , was mustered in April 
 20, 1861, with the following officers: 
 
 Captain, John Doebler; first lieutenant, George L. Miles; second lieu- 
 tenant, George W. W^elsh; first sergeant, Benjamin Rodes; second sergeant. 
 
336 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Alex. C. Landis; third sergeant, Joseph Thomas; fourth sergeant, George 
 Cook; first corporal, Harry Melvin; second corporal, David L. Hoffman; third 
 corporal, Harry McCauley; fourth corporal. Porter J. Brown; musician, Peter 
 Ackerman; sixty privates. 
 
 Company C. — Recruited at St. Thomas and Greencastle, Penn. , was 
 mustered in April 20, 1861, with the following officers: 
 
 Captain, James G. Elder; first lieutenant, Joseph B. Strickler; second 
 lieutenant, Jacob West; first sergeant, William H. Shorb; second sergeant, 
 George H. Miller; third sergeant, Jacob Snider; fourth sergeant, George A. 
 Pool; first coi-poral, Theodore Koons; second corporal, Thaddeus S. Eiley; 
 third corporal, Thomas Hill; fourth corporal, David C. Shafer; musicians, 
 Joel Happle, Edwin Byers: sixty privates. 
 
 This regiment was atla:'lioil to the department of Washington, Maj. Gen. 
 Eobert Patterson commanding, and served most of the term of enlistment in 
 and around Martinsburg and Winchester, Va. Mustered out of service at 
 Harrisburg, Penn., July 26, 1861. 
 
 On the day the Chambers Artillery went to Harrisburg, Lieut. Jones with 
 the detachment of United States troops which had occupied Harper' s Ferry and 
 which, on the approach of Virginia troops to seize the arsenal, had blown up the 
 works, arrived in Chambersburg en route for the barracks at Carlisle. His 
 advent created considerable excitement and confirmed the impression that war 
 was inevitable. 
 
 The first troops from Path Valley were the volunteer company at Fannetts- 
 burg, known as the "Washington Blues," commanded by Capt. John H. 
 Walker and Lieats. S. O. McCurdy and John H. Witherow. It was an old 
 company, but at the time of the President's call for troops mustered about 
 forty men. They filled their ranks and, adding a few recruits at Strasburg, 
 reached Chambersburg on April 21 with seventy-four men. Arriving, they 
 reported to Gov. Curtin, expecting to join the other three companies already 
 at Harrisbiirg. But they had gone with the Second Regiment to the field, and 
 Walker's company was ordered to ''go into quarters at Chambersburg and 
 render such aid to the citizens as was in their power. ' ' Owing to the threat- 
 ening outlook along the border, Chambersburg became a point of consideiable 
 interest. In a few days two regiments, the Seventh and Eighth Pennsylvania, 
 commanded by Cols. William H. Irvin and A. H. Emley, respectively, were 
 sent thither and went into camp. The "Washington Blues," together with 
 three other infantry companies, a rifle company under command of Capt. John 
 S. Eyster, and one from St. Thomas, under Capt. W. D. Dixon, (one from 
 Fulton County) and one artillery company, commanded by Capt. Charles T. 
 'Campbell, of St. Thomas, forming an independent battalion under Maj. 
 McAllen, were kept on drill and guard duty and detached service until they 
 were discharged. The companies of Capts. Walker. Dixon and Eyster soon 
 after became parts of the Pennsylvania Reserves by re-enlistmont. Capt 
 Campbell's artillery also went into active service. The camp occupied by 
 these troops was known as ' ' Camp Irvin, ' ' being the fair grounds west of town. 
 
 The Seventh and Eighth Regiments were, after a short time, transferred 
 from the fair grounds to a good, well-watered field east of town, belonging to 
 Mr. Eberly. This camp was called "Camp Slifer," in honor of the secretary 
 of the commonwealth. In a week or so these regiments were joined by the 
 Tenth, \mder command of Col. S. A. Meredith. For nearly four weeks these 
 three regiments, with the independent battalion already mentioned, were the 
 only troops quartered at Chambersburg. On the 28th the Second and Third 
 Regiments, the former containing the three Franklin County companies, ar- 
 

 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 339 
 
 rived in town, on their way up the valley with Patterson's army. Many of 
 the men were granted brief furloughs to visit their friends. 
 
 On June 2 Maj.-Gen. Patterson arrived in town to organize his army for 
 movement up the valley against Harper's Ferry, and other points occupied by 
 the rebels. The organization completed was as follows: 
 
 First Division — Brev. Maj.-Gen. George Cadwallader commanding, con- 
 sisting of First, Third and Fourth Brigades. 
 
 First Brigade— Col. George H. Thomas, Second United States Cavalry, 
 commanding, consisting of four companies United States Cavalry, and First 
 Philadelphia City Troop, Capt. James; battalion of artillery and infantry, Capt. 
 Doubleday; First Rhode Island Regiment and battery, Col. Burnside; 
 Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. Nagle; Twenty-first Pennsylvania Regi- 
 .ment, Col. Ballier; Twenty-third Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. Dare. 
 
 Third Brigade — Brig. -Gen. E. C. Williams commanding, consisting of 
 Seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. Irwin; Eighth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. Emly; Tenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volun^, 
 teers. Col. Meredith; Twentieth Regiment, Scott Legion, Col. Gray. 
 
 Fourth Brigade — Col. D. S. Miles, United States Infantry, commanding, 
 consisting of Second and Third United States Infantry, Maj. Sheppard; 
 Ninth Penasylvania, Col. Lougenecker; Thirteenth Pennsylvania, Col. Rowley; 
 Sixteenth Pennsylvania, Col. Zeigle. 
 
 Second Division — Maj. -Gen. Wm. H. Keim, commanding, consisting of the 
 Second and Fifth Brigades. 
 
 Second Brigade — Brig. -Gen. G. C. Wyncoop, commanding, consisting of 
 First Pennsylvania, Col. Yohe; Second Pennsylvania, Col. Stumbaugh; 
 Third Pennsylvania, Col. Minier; Twenty-fourth Pennsylvania, Col. Owens. 
 
 Fifth Brigade — Brig. -Gen. J. S. Negley, commanding, consisting of First 
 Wisconsin, Col. Starkweather; Fourth Connecticut, Col. Woodhouse; Eleventh 
 Pennsylvania, Col. Jarrett; Fourteenth Pennsylvania, Col. Johnson; Fifth- 
 teenth Pennsylvania, CoJ. Oakford. 
 
 Patterson's army, consisting of about 20,000 brave men with good officers, 
 left Chambersburg on the 7th of June. It was expected that he would defeat 
 the enemy wherever found, and do valiant service for his country. Impartial 
 history, however, has nothing of the kind to record. With true patriotic sol- 
 diers in his army, he should have met and defeated Johnston, and prevented 
 his pushing on rapidly to join Beauregard at Manassas. His delay resulted in 
 the rout of McDowell at Bull Run, and contributed to the prolongation of the 
 war. 
 
 The notion held at first that war was but a " breakfast job" was soon dis- 
 pelled, and additional troops were called into service for longer periods. Many, 
 in fact most, of those who had entered the three months' service, were ready 
 to enter for "three years or during the war." Northern patriotism, thoroughly 
 genuine when aroused, required the stimulus of defeat to make it respond to 
 the call of duty. When completely wrought up, it was enduring. Franklin 
 County responded generously to every demand made upon her. 
 
 THIBTY-riFTH EEGIMENT, SIXTH RESERVES THREE YEARS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg, June 22, 1861, under Col. W. 
 Wallace Ricketts of Columbia County. 
 
 Company D, from Franklin County, was officered as follows: Captains — 
 William D. Dixon, promoted to lieutenant-colonel September 12, 1863; Jo- 
 seph A. Davison, promoted from first-sergeant to first-lieutenant, August 1, 
 3862; to captain, September 19, 1863; to brevet major or brevet lieutenant-col- 
 
340 HISTOKY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 onel, March 13, 1865. D. Vance, resigned July 26, 1862. William Burgess, 
 promoted from second to first lieutenant, September 19, 1863; brevet captain 
 March 13, 1865. Sergeants, David F. Leisher, Henry Boley, Calvin M. Hass- 
 ler, John W. Hart, Philip Bessor, John M. Lewis, John P. Welsh, Samuel K. 
 Furley. Corporals, J. Levi Eoush, John H. Jarrett, John B. Hymans, William 
 Holkamb, Simon H. Burns, George Bessor, Phineas B. Hollar, John McEl- 
 wee, AA'illiam C. Rithour. 
 
 The Sixth Reserves was attached to the Army of the Potomac, and par- 
 ticipated in the following battles: Dranesville, December 20, 1861; Bull Run, 
 August 29 and 80, 1862; South Mountain, September 14, 1862; Antietam, 
 September 16, 1862; Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; Gettysburg, July 
 2, 3 and 4, 1863; Bristol Station, October 12, 1863; New Hope Church,, No- 
 vember 26, 1863; the battle of the Wilderness, commencing May 5, and end- 
 ing May 22, 1864, with its crowning success at Bethesda Church. Mustered 
 out at Harrisburg, Penn., June 1, 1864. 
 
 FOHTY-FIKST BEQIMENT, TWELFTH RESERVES THREE YEARS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg, August 10, 1861, with Joha 
 H. Taggart, of Philadelphia, as colonel. 
 
 Company K, Franklin County. — Captain, John S. Eyster; first lieuten- 
 ant, Jesse Little; second lieutenant, Elisha D. Reed; first sergeant, Jo- 
 seph R. Duffield; sergeants, L. D. Middlekaufif, W. R. Pilkington, H. D. 
 Witmer, Samuel C. Giffin; corporals, John W. Setchel, Frank W. Hench, 
 John H. Snow, John G. Rohm, John Patton, Joseph F. Rhodes, William A. 
 Frey, George M. Barnitz; musicians, Christian C. Eckert, William Smith. 
 This company was disbanded July 20, 1862, the commissioned officers dis- 
 charged and the enlisted men distributed among the other companies of the 
 regiment. Previous to this time the regiment participated in the following 
 engagements of the Army of the Potomac: Dranesville, December 20, 1861, 
 and the seven days' fight on the Peninsula, in June and July, 1862. The 
 regiment was mustered out of service June 11, 1864. 
 
 FOKTY-THIRD REGIMENT, FIRST ARTILLERY THREE YEARS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg in May, 1861, with Charles T. 
 Campbell, of Franklin County, as colonel. 
 
 Battery A, Franklin County. — Captains: Hezekiah Easton, killed at Gaines' 
 MiU, June 27, 1862; John G. Simpson, dismissed August 21, 1864; William 
 Stitt, promoted to second lieutenant August 1, 1861, to first lieutenant De- 
 cember 26, 1861, to captain September 17, 1864. First lieutenants: W. H. 
 Sollenberger, resigned November 12, 1861; H. E. Polsgrove, resigned Decem- 
 ber 1 , 1861. Samuel D. Martin, promoted to first sergeant March 6, 1862, tO' 
 second lieutenant February 24, 1864, to first lieutenant November 27, 1864; 
 William R. Brow, promoted to first sergeant December 1, 1864, to first lieu- 
 tenant March 1, 1865. Second lieutenants: Jacob L. Deitrick, wounded at 
 Bull Run, August 30, 1862; discharged January 24, 1862. Peter Cummings, 
 dismissed December 18, 1863. John H. Cline, promoted to corporal December 
 18, 1862, to sergeant December 24, 1863, to second lieutenant March 1, 1865. 
 First sergeant, John N. Young; quartermaster-sergeant, Daniel Nerhood; 
 commissaiy-sergeant, George W. Kline; sergeants, James W. MiUer, Jeffer- 
 son Sauser, Gustavus Seyferth, George W. Tritte, Hiram Warriner, W. H. 
 Whitemarsh, Josiah Hensey, William H. Lawrence, William Jones, Edward 
 Long, John Reese, John Spahr, Robert Taylor, Benj. I. Moore; corporals, 
 Samuel Borts, Isaac Hime, Jefferson Mutchler, Henry D. Barr, George W. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY; 341 
 
 Bennet, George Gressley, Cyrus D. Chapman, Benjamin W. Falls, Anthony 
 Gressley, Charles Mehi-ing, Daniel B. Bagley, Howard Muchler, James W. 
 De Wolf, W. P. A. McDowell, Peter Shelley, Thomas Potter, Eobert Snyder; 
 bugler, Jos. E. Ramsdall. 
 
 Battery A was attached to the' Army of the Potomac, and participated in 
 the battles of Dranesville, December 20, 1861 ; Fair Oaks, Mechanicsville, 
 Beaver Dam Creek, Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862 (where its gallant commander, 
 Capt. Easton, was killed, his last words being: "No, we never surrender"); 
 Bull Eun, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg. Being transferred to 
 to the Army of the James, it operated on the Black Water, at Deep Bottom, 
 Fort Darling, Seven Pines and Petersburg. Upon the fall of Richmond it 
 entered the fallen city on the day of its surrender, and took part in demolishing 
 the rebel defenses and arsenals; mustered out of service at Harrisburg, Penn. , 
 July 25, 1865. 
 
 Battery G. — This battery was recruited at Philadelphia, but one of its gal- 
 lant commanders, Capt. Mark Kern, was a citizen of Chambersburg. He was 
 kiUed at Bull Eun, August 30, 1862. 
 
 SEVENTY- SEVENTH REGIMENT THREE YEARS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Pittsburgh in October, 1861, with the following 
 officers : Colonel, Frederick S. Stumbaugh, promoted to brigadier-general, No- 
 vember 29, 1862; lieutenant- colonel, Peter B. Housum, died January 1, 1863, 
 from wounds received at Stone Eiver, Tenn. Assistant surgeon, Jacob S. 
 Maurer. Commissary-sergeant, Thomas G. Cochran. Hospital steward,. 
 Charles H. Cressler. Principal musicians, Francis M. Donovan, John Stoner. 
 
 Company A of this regiment was recruited at Chambersburg, Penn. Cap- 
 tains: Samuel E. McKesson, discharged February 3, 1863. John E. Walker, 
 promoted from first lieutenant to captain. May 15, 1863; killed near Atlanta, 
 Ga. , August 5, 1864. Albert G. Stark, promoted from corporal to sergeant, 
 August 2, 1862; to first sergeant, February 13, 1863; to first lieutenant, Au- 
 gust 24, 1863; to captain, September 8, 1864, wounded at Eesaca, Ga., May 
 16,1864. G. Washington Skinner, promoted to sergeant, July 5, 1864; to first 
 lieutenant, August 1, 1865. First lieutenant, David F. Daihl, promoted to first 
 lieutenant, October 4, 1865; wounded at Nashville, Tenn., December 8, 1864. 
 Second lieutenants : Joseph Thomas, promotedto captain of Company H; Arthur 
 Bennet, promoted to second lieutenant, March 31, 1862; discharged February 
 2, 1863. William Eaker, promoted to second lieutenant, September 1, 1865;. 
 wounded at Liberty Gap, Tenn.. June 25, 1863. First sergeants, Elwood B. 
 Eeese, John W. Bryson and David B. Miller; sergeants, Joseph Fisher, 
 George Starley, John A. Borland, Martin St. Clair, Wm. H. Pensinger, 
 David E. Stoner, Christian Burkholder, Samuel S. Eamsey, Jacob Sites, John 
 J. Forsyth, Oliver J. Gamble, Frederick Sharp, Randal Childers, Jacob Lackey, 
 Frank Patterson, Thomas Laywell, Harrison Norris, Wm. Hockersmith, Will- 
 iam Bradley, William H. Gonder, John Betz, John F. Pensinger; corporals, 
 Jeremiah Eow, John W. Bowman, Milton M. Horton, Frederick Berkle, James 
 EouzQr, John Eow, Stephen O. Skinner, Timothy Sullivan and James Cannon. 
 
 Parts of Companies D, G and H were also from Franklin County. Among 
 the commissioned officers of Company D were captain, Jesse E. Frey, and sec- 
 ond lieutenants, Charles H. Cressler and Thomas G. Cochran; and of Company 
 H, captain, Joseph Thomas, and first lieutenant, James F. Shattuck, all of 
 Chambersburg. 
 
 The Seventy-seventh Eegiment was attached to the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, and participated in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, Stone 
 
342 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Eiver, Murfreesboro, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Tunnel Hill, Eocky Face 
 Eidge, Eesaca, Kingston, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree 
 Creek, Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Franklin and Nashville. In July, 1865, the regi- 
 ment was ordered to Texas, where it remained until December 5, when it re- 
 ceived orders to return home, and was mustered out at Philadelphia, Penn. , 
 January 16, 1866. 
 
 EIGHTY-SEVENTH EEGIMENT THREE TEARS. 
 
 This regiment was organized in September, 1861, under Col. Greorge Hay, 
 of York, Penn. 
 
 Company K, Franklin County, was officered as follows: Captain, David B. 
 Greenawalt; first lieutenant, Simon H. Foreman; second lieutenant, John C. 
 Brown; first sergeant, John McAllister; sergeants, S. S. Stocksleger, Abraham 
 D. Eitter, Wm. H. Weikert, George "W. Mowers; corporals, George A. Bir- 
 secker, John H. Dubbs, W. A. M. Eenfrew, George F. Burns, Henry A. 
 Cook, Wm. H. Hummer and Ignatius Lightner. 
 
 Company K was mustered in, March 17, 1865, at the time of the reorgani- 
 zation of the regiment, and was mustered out, June 29, 1865 ; attached to the 
 Army of the Potomac, and participated in the charge upon the works before 
 Petersburg, Va. , April 2, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD REGIMENT THREE YEARS. 
 
 This regiment was organized on February 24, 1862, under Col. Theodore 
 F. Lehman, and was reorganized in March, 1865, when Company A, eighty- 
 eight officers and men, from Franklin County, became connected with it. 
 The war having closed, the regiment was mustered out of service June 25, 
 1865. 
 
 Company A. — Captain, Elias K. Lehman; first lieutenant, George C. Car- 
 son; second lieutenant, Samuel H. Eicholtz; first sergeant, Frederick K. Eife; 
 sergeants, Peter Leer, John G. Eitter, Samuel Lentz and Amos G. Huber; 
 corporals, George Eobertson, H. W. Hurtsell, Fedde Fixson, Jacob G. Eich- 
 oltz, Joseph Gabler, "William W. Hewitt, Henry L. Eeitzell and Israel Sloth- 
 oner. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH REGIMENT THREE YEARS. 
 
 It was organized at Harrisburg, Penn. , March 5, 1862, by the election of 
 Thomas A. Zeigle, of York County, as colonel. Two citizens of Franklin 
 County, Eobert W. McAUen and Jas. Mac. Thompson, served as lieutenant- 
 colonels of the regiment. 
 
 Company K, Franklin County, was organized with the following officers: 
 Captains, A. Jackson Brand, resigned November 24, 1862, and Benjamin 
 Eodes, promoted from first lieutenant November 24, 1862; first lieutenant, 
 Thomas Myers, promoted from first sergeant February 6, 1863; second lieu- 
 tenants, George F. Cook, resigned December 29, 1862; Alex. C. Landis, pro- 
 moted from first sergeant December 31, 1862, discharged November 26, 1863, 
 and Harrison H. Hutton; first sergeant, John E. Michaels; sergeants, William 
 J. Norton, Nicholas Haines, John E. Lesher, John P. Ward, William Acker- 
 man, James Eidgeley, William E. Shuman, John Ferguson, William H. Hor- 
 ner, Joseph W. Michaels, James Jackson, Jacob Shaffer, Hugh F. Gordon, 
 Henry Dorn, Matthias Stondagle, Thomas Dunkinson and James Mayhue. 
 
 This company served in the Army of the Potomac, and participated in the 
 following battles: Cedar Mountain, Bull Eun, Turner's Gap, South Mountain, 
 Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Hope Chapel, Petersburg and the cap- 
 ture of Eichmond; mustered out of service July 13, 1865. 
 
HISTOKY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 343 
 
 John T. Dick, of Jdiercersburg, was captain of Company H, and was killed 
 at Bull Run, Va., August 30, 1862. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGIMENT — THREE YEARS. 
 
 Eleventh Cavalry. — This regiment was organized October 8, 1861, and a 
 large number of the members of the different companies were from Franklin 
 County, but the only company organized here was Company D. The county 
 was represented in the regimental staff by the following officers: Lieutenant- 
 colonel, George Stitzel; major, John S.' Nimmon; adjutant, John C. Sample; 
 commissary-sergeant, Edward A. Minnich; sergeant-majors, Sylvester A. Weldy 
 and Michael H. Stoner. 
 
 Company D. — This company was officered as follows : Captains, Robert B. 
 Ward, discharged November 25, 1864; John S. Nimmon, promoted to captain 
 November 6, 1864, to major May 25, 1865, and James E. Cook, promoted to 
 captain May 26, 1865; first lieutenants, John C. Sample, promoted to adjutant 
 December 1, 1864, and Wm. N. Scott, promoted from first sergeant May 26, 
 1865; second lieutenants, James H. Aughinbaugh, resigned January 13, 1863, 
 and Sylvester A. Weldy, promoted from sergeant-major November 28, 1864; 
 first sergeants, Jacob M. Miles and John S. Hicks; quartermaster-sergeant, 
 Josiah C. Young; commissary-sergeant, Jeremiah A. Smith; sergeants, Ben- 
 jamin Wallace, Thomas H. Warren, William S. Askwith, John F. Peiffer, 
 William A. Price, Thomas C. King and Edward A. Minnich; corporals, George 
 W. Schweitzer, William H. Woodall, John R. Smith, William Henneberger, 
 Franklin Rhodes, E. M. Flickinger, Michael Warrech, George F. Cook, 
 Michael H. Stoner and Joseph S. Hoyer. 
 
 In the early part of the service of the Eleventh Cavalry, the regiment was 
 divided, five companies doing picket duty in the neighborhood of Fortress 
 Monroe and the Blackwater, and five companies attached to the Army of the 
 Potomac in the Peninsula campaign. The regiment took part in the battles of 
 Deserted House; Franklin, Suffolk, Petersburg, Stony Creek, Ream's Station, 
 Five Forks, and the capture of Richmond — in the latter capturing 110 field 
 pieces, 41 mortars, 6 heavy guns, 120 carriages and caissons, 7 forges and a 
 large quantity of ammunition and other stores. The regiment also took part 
 in a number of raids through Virginia and North Carolina, destroying a vast 
 amount of rebel stores and lines of transportation. Mustered out at Manches- 
 ter, Va., August 13, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH REGIMENT THREE TEARS. 
 
 Second Artillery. — In January, 1862, this regiment was organized in Phil- 
 adelphia, but a large number of the men were recruited in Franklin County. 
 The men being scattered through the various batteries of the regiment, it is 
 impossible to make up a correct record. B. Frank Winger was lieutenant- 
 colonel of the regiment, and Joseph W. Winger, captain, and William H. 
 Verdier, second lieutenant, of Battery D. This regiment, being heavy artil- 
 lery, was stationed in the fortifications around Washington, D. C. In the 
 spring of 1864, the recruits having filled up the ranks to over three thousand 
 men, a new regiment, called the Second Provisional Artillery, was formed, 
 the officers being selected from the officers and enlisted men of the old regi- 
 ment. Boch regiments were ordered to the front and took part in the Wilder- 
 ness campaign and the capture of Richmond, a portion of the time acting as 
 infantry. Mustered out at City Point, Va. , January 29, 1866. 
 
344 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ONE HDNDBED AND TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT NINE MONTHS. 
 
 After the close of the Peninsular campaign, in which McClellan's fine 
 army was defeated before Eichmond and hurled back to the James Eiver, and 
 while Lee's army was concentrating for the overthrow of Pope's Army of 
 Northern Virginia, a feeling of gloom enshrouded the nation. Under this 
 condition, the flower of the country rushed to fill up the depleted ranks of the 
 Union Army. Under these circumstances the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth 
 Eegiment was recruited in about three weeks, Juniata County furnishing two 
 companies, F and I; Franklin, the remaining eight. The regiment assembled 
 at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, between August 6 and 10, 1862, and an election 
 of officers held August 13. The following was the list of officers: 
 
 Field and Staff Officers (Commissioned). — Colonel, James G. Elder, wound- 
 ed severely in thigh at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862; absent, 
 wounded and with leave from that date until expiration of service. Lieuten- 
 ant- colonel, David Watson Eowe, in command of the regiment from December 
 13, 1862; slightly wounded in cheek at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 Major, James C. Austin, honorably discharged upon resignation for disability. 
 Special orders. No. 33, headquarters C. G. D., December 22, 1862. Major, 
 Eobert S. Brownson, promoted from captain of Company C, and mustered iu 
 as Major, March 31, 1863; adjutant, John Stewart, appointed commissary 
 of musters, Third Division Fifth Corps, April 11, 1863; quartermaster, 
 Thomas J. Nill; surgeon, Washington G. Nugent; assistant surgeon, 
 Frank Grube, appointed assistant surgeon, United States, Volunteers, and 
 transferred to Sixth Army Corps, in April, 1863 ; assistant surgeon, Daniel D. 
 Swift; chaplain, Samuel J. Niccolls, honorably discharged upon resignation, 
 November 23, 1862; chaplain, John Ault, mustered in at Harrisburg, De- 
 cember 2, 1862, joined the regiment December 19. 1862; absent, with leave, 
 from January 18, till February 7, 1863; then absent, sick, without leave till 
 expiration of service. 
 
 Non -Commissioned Staff. — Sergeant -Major, George F. Ziegler; quarter- 
 master-sergeant, William M. Allison; commissary-sergeant, Charles W. Kins- 
 ler; hospital steward, Bottsf'dB. Henshey; hospital steward, Lewis Keyser. 
 
 Company A, Chamber sburg. — Captain, John Doebler, wounded severely 
 in arm at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, necessitating his absence 
 from the company during the remainder of term of service. First lieu- 
 tenant, John Stewart; appointed adjutant, August 16, 1862. Second 
 lieutenant, George W. Welsh; promoted to fiirst lieutenant, August 16, 
 1862, vice John Stewart; in command of Company A from Decem- 
 ber 13, 1862, till end of service. Second Lieutenant, William McLenegan, 
 from private vice Geo. W. Welsh. First sergeant, John A. Seiders; second 
 sergeant, J. Porter Brown; third sergeant, Eob't Bard Fisher; fourth sergeant, 
 Thomas Durboraw; fifth sergeant, Benj. F. Deal. Corporals, Thomas G. Pil- 
 kington, David F. Hoffman, Dennis Eeilly, Samuel Mcllroy, Alexander Flack, 
 David Greenawalt, Thomas H. McDowell, Emanuel Forney. 
 
 Company B, from Antrim Township and from Fulton County. — Captain, 
 James C. Austin, promoted to major. Captain, William H. Davison, promot- 
 ed to be captain, August 20, 1862, uice Austin, promoted; February, 1868, 
 appointed inspector-general of brigade, and detached until expiration of serv- 
 ice on the staff of Gen. Tyler. First lieutenant, Henry M. Hoke, detailed 
 as division ordnance officer, October 13, 1862. Second Lieutenant, James 
 Pott, from first sergeant, August 20, 1862, vice Wm. H. Davison; severely 
 wounded in the face at Fredericksburg, Va. , December 13. 1862. First ser- 
 geant, James Pott; promoted to second lieutenant; second sergeant, Harvey 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 345 
 
 Wishert; third sergeant, I. Y. Atherton^; fourth sergeant, John Brown Lesher; 
 fifth sergeant, Joseph Myers. Corporals, John L. P. Deitrich, Silas D. An- 
 derson, William H. Weyant, Jacob H. Swisher, William Orth. 
 
 Company C, Mercersburg and Vicinity. — Captain, Eobert S. Brownson, 
 appointed major, by Gov. Curtin, March 16, 1863; mustered in as such, 
 March 31, 1863. Captain, James P. M' CuUough, from first lieutenant, March 
 19, 1863, vice R. S. Brownson. First lieutenant, Samuel Hornbaker, dis- 
 missed from the service of the United States, January 16, 1863, under General 
 Orders No. 4, Third Division, Fifth Corps, and General Orders No. 13, headquar- 
 ters Ai-my of the Potomac, February 18, 1863. Second lieutenant, Jacob S. Trout. 
 First sergeant, James P. M' Cullough, promoted February 9, 1863, to first lieu- 
 tenant, ince Hornbaker; second sergeant, David Carson; third sergeant, 
 Oliver H. Anderson; fourth sergeant, William W. Brinkley; fifth sergeant, 
 Thomas D. Metcalf. Corporals, Jacob B. Myers, John K. Shatzer, David L. 
 Coyle, David F. McDonald, Peter McC. Cook, John Findlay Smith, David R. 
 Wolff, Wm. H. M'Clelland. 
 
 Company D, Chambersburg. — Captain, JohnH. Reed, honorably discharged 
 upon resignation, in January, 1863. Captain, Josiah C. Hullinger, from second 
 lieutenant, in February, 1863, vice John H. Reed, resigned. First lieutenant, 
 Jeremiah Cook, discharged from service January 16, 1863; [Dismissal revoked.] 
 first lieutenant, George F. Piatt, vice Jere. Cook, February 24, 1863, acting 
 adjutant at battle of Chancellorsville. Second lieutenant. Clay McCauley, vice 
 Josiah C. Hullinger, promoted to captain; captured at Chancellorsville. First 
 sergeant, George F. Piatt, promoted to first lieutenant, vice Jere. Cook, Feb- 
 ruary 24, 1863; second sergeant, John McCurdy; third sergeant, Clay McCau- 
 ley, promoted to second lieutenant, vice J. C. Hullinger, February 24, 1863; 
 fourth sergeant, John M. P. Snider; fifth sergeant, Alex'r L. C. Dingwall. 
 Corporals: William A. Mountz, Lewis Monath, Charles W. Kinsler, Bottsford 
 B. Henshey, William B. Cook, Henry B. Kindig, Joseph W. Seibert. 
 
 Company E, Waynesboro. — -Captain, W. W. Walker. First lieutenant, Geo. 
 W. Walker. Second lieutenant, Thos. J. Nill, promoted to quartermaster of 
 regiment; second lieutenant, Henry H. Breneman, promoted to second lieu- 
 tenant, November 18, 186'^, from second sergeant, First sergeant, Frederick 
 Berkel; second sergeant, Henry H. Breneman, promoted to second lieutenant, 
 November 18, 1862; third sergeant, John A. White; fourth sergeant, Benjamin 
 S. Gaff; fifth sergeant, Geo. M. D. Brotherton. Corporals: Samuel J. Lidy, 
 James B. French, John C. Tracy, Geo. L. Freet, Jacob F. Newman, Luther 
 B. Walter, John C. Anderson, Augustus C. Manahan. 
 
 Company G, Chambersburg. — Captain, George L. Miles. First lieutenant, 
 Stephen O. McCurdy. Second lieutenant, Harry C. Fortescue, killed in ac- 
 tion at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862; second lieutenant, Benja- 
 min F. Zook, vice Fortescue, killed; promoted from first sergeant, February 
 S, 1863. First sergeant, Benjamin F. Zook; second sergeant, John H. Har- 
 mony; third sergeant, Anthony K. McCurdy; fourth sergeant, John C. 
 FHckinger; fifth sergeant, John Liggett. Corporals: John Kasy, Jr., S. O. 
 Brown McCurdy, Thomas Lindsay, Edward Monath, Peter Dorty, Amos A. 
 Skinner, Richard Waters, William T. Smith. 
 
 Company H, Path Valley and St. Thomas. — Captain, James G. Elder, 
 promoted to colonel of regiment. Captain, John H. Walker, from first 
 lieutenant, August 15, 1862; wounded severely in battle of Fredericksburg, 
 Va., December 13, 1862; slightly wounded at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. 
 First lieutenant, William H. Mackey, promoted August 26, 1862, from 
 orderly sergeant, wounded severely in battle at Fredericksburg, December 
 
346 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 13, 1862; second lieutenant, Josiah W. Fletcher, wounded severely in bat- 
 tle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, captured at Chancellorsville, May 
 3, 1863. First sergeant, William H. Mackey; second sergeant, Jacob 
 Snider; third sergeant, Alfred J. Kent; fourth sergeant, Stephen W. Pome- 
 roy; fifth sergeant, Andrew Burgess. Corporals, Calvin I. Gamble, Benjamin 
 Dawney, Samuel W. Beam, McGinley J. Wilhelm, Jas. B. Worthington, 
 Samuel W. Croft. 
 
 Company K, Greencastle. — Captain, David Watson Rowe, elected major, 
 August 9, 1862; promoted to lieutenant -colonel, August 15, 1862. Captain, 
 Andrew E. Davison, promoted from first lieutenant, August 9, 1862; acting 
 major of regiment at the battle of Chancellorsville. First lieutenant, John 
 Gilmore Eowe, promoted from orderly sergeant, August 9, 1862; wounded 
 severely in forehead at battle of Chancellorsville, "May 8, 1863, whilst in com- 
 mand of his company. Second lieutenant, John W. P. Reid. First sergeant, 
 John Gilmore Rowe; second sergeant, John H. Logue; third sergeant, Will- 
 iam Snyder; fourth sergeant, Simon W. Rupley; fifth sergeant, Henry Strick- 
 ler. Corporals, Emanuel Hawbecker; Wm.C. Byers; Scott K. Snively; Thom- 
 as Daly; John M. D. Deitrich. 
 
 This regiment, which embraced in its ranks men who then and since have 
 been recognized as prominent citizens of the county, was attached to Tyler's 
 brigade. Third Division, Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac, and participated 
 in the destructive battles of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, and Chancel- 
 lorsville, May 3, 1863. In both these engagements it lost severely in killed 
 and wounded. On the 20th of May, the regiment was must^ered out of service 
 at Harrisburg. 
 
 ONE HUNDKED AND FIFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT NINE MONTHS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Chambersburg, Penn. , in November, 1862, 
 five companies being from Franklin County, and the remainder from Cumber- 
 land and Fulton. The field and staff ofiicers from Franklin County were 
 Colonel, David B. McKibben; lieutenant-colonel, Elias S. Troxell; chaplain, 
 Rev. Daniel Hartman; sergeant-major, John L. Ritchey. 
 
 Company B. — Captain, Elias K. Lehman ; first lieutenant, Michael D. Mil- 
 ler; second lieutenant, Adam Franklin; first sergeant, Sabright Gelwicks; ser- 
 geants, John G. Ritter, John R. Hamilton, William Shearer, William C. Leedy 
 and Amos R. Keggerreis; corporals, George Robinson, Alex. W. Gaston, John 
 I. Culbertson, Solomon Gabler, Daniel Deatrick, Frederick Rife, Daniel 
 Fraker, William Reifsnider, John W. Campbell and John Funk. 
 
 Company D. — Captain, Archibald R. Rhea; first lieutenant, Jacob S. Snive- 
 ly; second lieutenant, John Hassler; first sergeant, Thomas Clinging; sergeants, 
 Robert Anderson, Henry Lenher, Jacob Walk, David H. Black; corporals, Will- 
 iam W. Auld, John H. Hombaker, Jacob Fry, Henry Posser, Lewis Clark, 
 Jacob Shatzer, John H. Frederick, Oliver Knode, Daniel A. Miller, Peter 
 Snider, Thomas Donaldson and Frederick Baker. 
 
 Company E. — Captains, Elias S. Troxell, promoted to lieutenant-colonel; 
 William T. Barnitz; first lieutenant, William S. Maxwell-; second lieutenant, 
 S. M. Hoefiich; first sergeant, James R. McCurdy; sergeants, Samuel Brant- 
 haver, Peter Heefner, Levi Kuhnley, Henry Funk; corporals, Emanuel Byers, 
 William Reed, Joseph Woolard, John R. Hoefiich, Richard Ridgley, Emory 
 Hauser, David Wingert, Jacob Horsch, Joseph Freeland, Henry McGinity, 
 and Casper Wiekey. 
 
 Company G. — Captains, Michael W. Triar, resigned; Joseph Rock, promot- 
 ed from first lieutenant; first lieutenant, William Stover; second lieutenant, Ja- 
 
'^- 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY, 349 
 
 cob A. Stover; first sergeant, Franklin Kenniker; sergeants,. Samuel D. Shank, 
 Jacob Bricker, Daniel Cole, Thomas Duffy, William F. Orndorff, Melchor 
 Speelman; corporals, Richard B. Carson, George Lackens, Thomas E. Gil- 
 land, John F. Smith, Joseph F. Sarter, George Keagey, Philip C. Garman 
 and Jacob Bryson. 
 
 Company I. — Captain, William E. McDowell; first lieutenant, John Beav- 
 er; second lieutenant, John W. Jones; first sergeant, Jacob Stratiff; sergeants, 
 Joseph Martin, Philip H. Snyder, Noah Kuhn, James Williams; corporals, 
 Jacob Leedy, Harrison Fohl, Peter Brubaker, Pott Philips, John H. DeUnger, 
 Jacob C. Hewett, John H. Campbell, Samuel E. Smith and J. P. Felten- 
 herger. 
 
 The time of service of this regiment was spent principally in doing guard 
 duty in North Carolina, and took an active part in relieving the garrison at 
 Washington, in that State, when surrounded by the rebels. Being transferred 
 to Gen. Deig's command at Fortress Monroe, it took part in an expedition 
 against Richmond via White House Landing, Bottomless Bridge. The pur- 
 pose of the expedition being accomplished, it was transferred to Harper's 
 Ferry, and followed up Gen. Lee on his retreat from Gettysburg; mustered 
 out of service at Chambersbui'g, Penn., August 12, 1863. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT, SIXTEENTH CAVALRY THREE YEARS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg, Penn. , November 18, 1862, 
 with Col. John Lrving Gregg as colonel. Company H was from Franklin 
 County, and had in it 203 officers and men. The field and staff officers from 
 the county were major, Adam J. Snyder; adjutant, Samuel E. Cormany. 
 
 Company H. — Captains, William H. Sullenberger, discharged May 10, 
 1863; Adam J. Snyder, promoted from first lieutenant, March 12, 1863, to 
 major. May 23, 1865 ; Solomon B. Barnes, promoted to first lieutenant May 1, 
 1863, to captain, May 23, 1865. First lieutenant, Samuel B. Peter; second 
 lieutenants, Valentine H. Bohn, discharged March 23, 1863; John S. Arm- 
 strong, promoted from first sergeant April 1, 1863; discharged May 25, 1863; 
 Samuel E. Cormany, promoted to adjutant December 11, 1864, and Brewer D. 
 Polley; first sergeant, David W. Newman; quartermaster- sergeant, Geo. W. 
 Earich; commissary-sergeants, Noah Sier, Samuel McGowan; sergeants, Ed- 
 gar D. Washabaugh, Henry M. Dlery, Abel B. Moore, John Mack, Jacob 
 Stump, John F. Metz, Jerome C. Coble, Jacob R. Fetterhoff, John Woodall, 
 Henry McElroy, Henry S. Bohn, Henry A. Flanagan and George W. Har- 
 rison. Corporals, John H. Tilley, Addison P. Todd, James A. Curry, Lewis C. 
 Hoffman, Thomas Dymond, Thomas Hart, John M. Ulery, S. H. McNaugh- 
 ton, Joseph C. Taylor, John Hassen, Thomas Welling, James W. McCurdy, 
 T. Werdebaugh, John D. Eeasner, Jacob Bluttenberger, Jacob Fink, John 
 Lawrence, James K. P. Cline, Andrew Hitterling and Samuel A. Eorebaugh. 
 
 This regiment represented nearly every section of this broad common- 
 wealth, and was attached to the Army of the Potomac. It participated in the 
 battle of Brandy Station, in a number of engagements on the march of the 
 army from Virginia to Gettysburg, and in the battle at the latter place; at 
 Auburn, Catlett's, Bristoe Station, Trevilian Station, Malvern Hill, Deep Run, 
 Boydton Plank Road, Stony Creek Station, Hatcher' s Run, Five Forks, and from 
 this time until the fall of Richmond, the marching and fighting of the Six- 
 teenth were almost incessant. It also took part in a number of raids into the 
 enemy's country, for the purpose of destroying railroads and other govern- 
 ment property; mustered out at Richmond, Va., August 7, 1865. 
 
 19 
 
350 HISTOET OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT, SEVENTEENTH CAVALRY THREE YEARS, 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg, Penn. , October 18, 1862, with 
 Josiah H. Kellogg, as colonel. Company G, 147 officers and men, was from 
 Franklin County. Maj. Luther B. Kurtz was the only representative of the 
 county on the regimental staff. 
 
 Company 6?. —Captains, Luther B. Kurtz, promoted to major February 
 13, 1865; Daniel Snively, promoted from first lieutenant, March 10, 1865. First 
 lieutenant, Henry G. Bonebrake, promoted to first lieutenant May 28, 1865 f 
 second lieutenants: William R. Kreps, resigned February 6, 1864; Jacob Pot- 
 ter, promoted to second lieutenant May 28, 1865. First sergeants, John J. Eob- 
 inson, James D. Fitz; quartermaster-sergeant, George F. Foreman; commis- 
 sary-sergeants, Peter Pass, Daniel Gehr; sergeants, Henry Berger, Abraham 
 Shockey, William Sheldon, David Royer, John J. Andrews, John Shockey; 
 corporals, William Cooper, Samael Phraner, Joseph Flory, John Strambaugh, 
 James W. Kipe, Francis L. Tracy, John Lore, Joseph Keepers, John Nicode- 
 mus, William Simmons. 
 
 The Seventeenth was attached to the Army of the Potomac, and was ac- 
 tively engaged in Virginia in scouting and skirmishing tUl the battle of 
 Chancellorsville, when it was one of the three cavalry regiments selected to- 
 accompany Gen. Hooker in that campaign, and took a prominent part. This 
 regiment was in the advance of the march to Gettysburg, and was hailed with 
 demonstrations of rejoicing through Maryland .and Pennsylvania, and took 
 part in the first day's fight on the Cashtown Road. Following the retreating 
 foe into Virginia, it was almost constantly engaged in raids and skirmishes 
 until August, 1864, when it was ordered to the command of Gen. Sheridan, 
 in the Shenandoah Valley, where it took part in the battles at Newtown, Front 
 Royal, Smithfield, White Post, Berryville, Pike, and a portion of the regi- 
 ment was the escort of Gen. Sheridan on his famous ride to the front. This 
 regiment was with Gen. Sheridan in his raid on the James River Canal, in 
 February, 1865, and in the advance that resulted in the fall of Richmond, the 
 cavalry being almost constantly engaged from the 1st till the 9th of April; 
 mustered out at Washington, D. C. , June 16, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT — NINE MONTHS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Gettysburg, Penn., December 6, 1862, 
 under Col. Charles H. Buehler. Company A, 101 officers and men from 
 Franklin County. 
 
 Company A. — Captain, Charles A. Funk. First lieutenants : George Glass, 
 died at Suffolk, Va. ; Newton W. Horner, resigned May 15, 1863; Martin B. 
 Wingert. Second lieutenants: Frank D. Ditzler, discharged May 27, 1863,. 
 Abram S. Oyer; first sergeant, Samuel Ritter; sergeants, John McAllister, 
 Daniel Miller, Isaac White and William Foster. Corporals, James Taylor, 
 Solomon Oyer, Thomas Smith, Adam Spidal, William Reath, Elias Kohler, 
 William Poole and Robert Myers. 
 
 The term of service of this regiment was spent in and around Suffolk and 
 Norfolk, Va. , in doing guard duty and repulsing the raids of the Rebel Army 
 in that direction. It helped to guard the working party in the destruction of 
 the Weldon and Petersburg Railroads, and was with the unsuccessful demon- 
 stration against Richmond, in June, 1863, and mustered out of service July 
 28, 1863. ' 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SECOND REGIMENT, TWENTY-FIRST CAVALRY SIX MONTHS. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Chambersburg, Penn., in August, 1863, 
 with William H. Boyd as colonel. Although the commanding officer was not 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 351 
 
 a citizen of Franklin County, he was well and favorably known, having pre- 
 viously commanded the Lincoln cavalry, which had attained distinction in the- 
 Cumberland Valley in skirmishing with advance of Lee's army in the Gettys- 
 burg campaign. Companies D, H, I, K and L, were from Franklin Comity.. 
 
 Company D. — One hundred and five of&cers and men. Captain, Josiah C. 
 Hollinger; first lieutenant, Henry B. Kendig; second lieutenant, James Cl 
 Patton; first sergeant, Daniel B. Greenawalt; quartermaster-sergeant, Hugh F. 
 Gordon; commissary-sergeant, Alex. L. C. Dingwall; sergeants, Samuel Z.. 
 Maxwell, David Chamberlin, David L. Pisle, James T. Biichanan, Joshua K.. 
 Hood, and Richard Winters. Corporals, Frederick M. Eyster, Wm. H. Haught- 
 Un, Jacob S. Banker, John H. Rhodes, David Hissong, David R. Gordon^. 
 William H. Toms and William H. Kendig. 
 
 Company H. — Ninety-two officers and men. Captain, Samuel Walker; first 
 lieutenant, William P. Skinner; second lieutenant, R. Gracy Ferguson; first 
 sergeant, John T. Myers; quartermaster-sergeant, George M. Gowan; commis- 
 sary-sergeant, Jacob Pott; sergeants, William R. Noble, Jeremiah Martin, 
 Reynold M. Barclay, John I. Neil, John Middlekaufif and George W. Mosser; 
 corporals, John M. Linn, Richard A. Campbell, Michael Dnnkle, Gecwge H. 
 Myers, Michael Keggeweis, S. L. Houghowont, Franklin Gamble, John A. 
 Heckman, Adam Sharp, William H. Miller and William H. H. Wilson. 
 
 Company I. — One hundred officers and men. Captains, Christian R. Pisle, 
 resigned October 12, 1863, and Arthur Bennett, promoted November 14, 1863; 
 first lieutenant, William F. Peiffer, promoted November 14, 1863; first ser- 
 geant, Geo. W. Daily; quartermaster-sergeant, Samuel S. Walch; commisi- 
 sary-sergeant, James B. Anderson; sergeants, Jacob ShafPer, Lewis H. Sprecher, 
 James Cosgrove, George W. Wilson, George U. Bowman and Solbmon Coy; 
 corporals, Peter Rossman, James B. Miller, Josiah Mentzer, John Hughes,, 
 John G. Ocker, Emanuel T. Reed, William M. Claudy and John R. Sloan. 
 
 Company K. — Eighty- three officers and men. Captain, Robert J. Boyd; 
 first lieutenant, Henry C. Phenicie ; second lieutenant, Louis H. HenkeH ; first 
 sergeant, George W. Kennedy; quartermaster-sergeant, Levi J. Grawl; com- 
 missary-sergeant, Daniel Bitner; sergeants, John Palmer, Archibald Rymer, 
 Samuel Palmer, John W. Kuhn, Philip L. Gardner and J. Wilson Hooser; cor- 
 porals, Geo. W. Lewis, Jacob Kuh, David Criswell, J. Dallas Frye, Henryr 
 Bartle, James L. Weagley, J. A. Bowles and John Thompson. 
 
 Company L. — One himdred and two officers and men. Captain, George L. 
 Miles; first lieutenant, Thomas D. French; second lieutenant, JohnH. Harmony;; 
 first sergeant, Wilson H. Reilly; quartermaster-sergeant, John D. McClin- 
 tock; sergeants, Archibald S. McCulloch, John T. Pfoutz, John King; Edward. 
 Monath, Fred W. Shinefield and William E. Seiser; corporals, George Jack- 
 son, William H. Dall, Daniel Y. Umholtz, Geo. N. Biddinger, Amos J. Sellers,, 
 John F. Harmony, Harry Hallett and William Johnson. 
 
 In February, 1864, the regiment was reorganized for a three years' serv- 
 ice under the former field and staff officers, with Companies D, E, K and L* 
 from Franklin County, Henry B. Kendig and William H. Pfoutz serving as 
 sergeant-majors, William B. Cook as quartermaster-sergeant, and Theodore" 
 F. Colby as saddler. 
 
 Company D. — Sixty-eight officers and men. Captains, Josiah C. Hollinger,, 
 discharged March 27, 1865, and James C. Patton, promoted from first lieuten- 
 ant; first lieutenant, David L. Pisle, promoted from second lieutenant; first, 
 sergeant, David Chamberlin; quartermaster- sergeant, Jacob West; commis- 
 sary-sergeant, David Shoop; sergeants, James T. Buchanan, William F. McClel- 
 lan, David Stouffer, McFarland Campbell and J. Findlay Smith; corporals, WiH - 
 
gg2 HISTOKY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 iam H Keadig William Marknard, Henry F. Shanee, Franklin Lightner, 
 S W Pilkington, John M. Forney, Elias S. Flory and Solomon Bittner. 
 
 Company E.— One hnndied and thirty-seven officers and men. Captam, 
 WiUiam H Boyd; first lieutenant, Martin V. B. Coho; second lieutenant, 
 Richard Walters, killed at Belhesda Church, Va., June 2, 1864; second 
 lieutenant, Henry B. Kendig, promoted June 24, 1864; first sergeants, Edward 
 W Beecher; Charles. B. Pettis; quartermaster-sergeant, George Roth; com- 
 missary-sergeant, Thomas A. Blanchard; sergeants, Peter Fetig, Silas Harr, 
 Henry C Edmiston, William Lochbaum and William T. Alhson; corporals, 
 Samuel Howard, Joseph Shank, George Goosley, Wm. C. Eshelman, Michael 
 Leibold, Daniel Weidler, William Small, M. V. McClintock and Edward A. 
 
 Mitchell. . ^ n ^ ^ 
 
 Company K. — One hundred and thirty-mne officers and men, was officered as 
 follows: Captain, Henry C. Phenicie; first lieutenant, Louis H. Henkell; sec- 
 ond lieutenant, George W. Kennedy; first sergeant, Samuel Palmer; quarter- 
 master-sergeant, Levi J. Grawl; commissary-sergeant, John W. Kuhn; ser- 
 geants, Franklin Gamble, John A. Heckman, J. A. Bowles, John N. Prye, 
 Jacob H. Bushey, John H. Middlekauf, Peter Swischer and Philip L. Gardner; 
 corporals, John P. Study, Adam Sharp, Henry Bartle, Simon Palmer, John 
 McCormick, William McElder, Robert Crunkleton and William H. Pensinger. 
 Company L. — One hundred and thirty-three officers and men, was officered as 
 follows: Captain, John H. Harmony; first lieutenants, Wilson H. Reilly (dis- 
 charged September 12, 1864); John T. Pfoutz (discharged May 15, 1865); sec- 
 ond lieutenant, Fred W. Shinefield; first sergeant, George W. Harmony; 
 quartermaster-sergeant, Hiram Shoeman; commissary-sergeant, Peter S. Hep- 
 per; sergeants, William F. Leisse, Philip A. Welsh, Amos J. Sellers, Isaac 
 R. Rupp, John King; corporals, David R. Hager, Levi Stepler, John W. 
 Riffle, William H. Miller, James O'Brien, Wm. H. H. Wilson, Joseph Creglow, 
 Henry S. Weaver, Robert Cowels and Freman Scott. 
 
 After the organization of this regiment. Companies C, E, K, H, L and M 
 were sent foi duty to Pottsville and Scranton, Penn. , and Company B to Get- 
 tysburg, Penn. The remaining five companies, under command of Col. Boyd, 
 proceeded to Harper's Ferry, Va., and were engaged in arduous duty in the 
 department of the Shenandoah. In February, 1864, the regiment was reor- 
 ganized, and, shortly after, Company D, was ordered to Scranton, Penn., where 
 it remained over a year. In May the regiment was ordered to Washington, 
 D. C, where it was dismounted and equipped as infantry, and sent to the 
 Army of the Potomac. It took part in the engagement at Cold Harbor, "in 
 front of Petersburg, the destruction of the Weldon Railroad, Poplar Spring 
 Church. In October the Twenty-first was again equipped and mounted as cav- 
 alry and ordered to Gen. Gregg' s division, after which it took part in the en- 
 gagements at the Boydtown plank road, and helped to destroy rebel stores at 
 Stony Creek Station; was on the Bellefield raid, and saw hard service around 
 Petersburg and Richmond. Of the line officers, four were killed in battle, or 
 mortally wounded, and fourteen were wounded only. Of the enlisted men, 
 147 were killed in battle and 253 were wounded. It was mustered out of ser- 
 vice at Lynchburg, Va. , Jidy 8, 1865. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, TWENTY-SECOND CAVALRY NINE MONTHS. 
 
 A battalion of this regiment was reorganized at Chambersburg, in Febru- 
 ary, 1864, and a number of Franklin County boys joined the organization, but 
 were so scattered through the regiment that it is impossible to give their names. 
 Elias S. Troxell was major of the regiment, and Thomas D. French, captain of 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 353 
 
 Company L. A portion of the regiment was employed in guarding the fords 
 of the Susquehanna and on picket duty in the Cumberland Valley. After its 
 reorganization, it did effective service in the Shenandoah Valley, and was with 
 Gen. Averill when he passed through Chambersburg on the day of the burn- 
 ing of the town, in pursuit of Gen. McCausland, catching up with him at 
 Moorefleld, Va. , when the rebel general was put to rout, losing many men and 
 all his guns. It was mustered out of service October 31, 1865. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND FIRST REGIMENT ONE YEAR. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Hamsburg, Penn., August 29, 1864, with F. 
 Asbury Awl as colonel. Part of Company K, Captain, Alexander C. Landis,was 
 from Franklin County. With the exception of a short term of service along 
 the Manassas Gap EaUroad, in Virginia, the regiment was on provost duty in 
 Pennsylvania and at Fort Delaware. Mustered out of service at Harrisburg, 
 Penn., June 21, 1865. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTH REGIMENT ONE VEAR. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg, Penn., September 2, 1864, 
 with Joseph A. Matthews as colonel. Part of Company G was recruited in 
 Franklin County, of which Kobert A. Sharp was first lieutenant, and Daniel 
 Duck, sergeant. After being with the Army of the James a short time it was 
 transferred to the Army of the Potomac and was attached to Gen. Hartranft's 
 brigade, and took part in the capture of Petersburg. Mustered out of service 
 at Alexandria, Va., June 2, 1865. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND SEVENTH REGIMENT ONE YEAR. 
 
 At Harrisburg, Penn., September 8, 1864, this regiment was organized 
 with Eobert C. Cox as colonel. Part of Company F was from Franklin County, 
 David L. Powders being first lieutenant; David E. Kindig, first sergeant, and 
 Cyrus Hazelet, one of the corporals. It was first attached to the Army of the 
 James, and then to the Army of the Potomac, and took part in the operations at 
 Hatcher's Kun, Fiart Steadman and Fort Sedgwick. Mustered out of service 
 at Alexandria, Va., May 13, 1865. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND NINTH REGIMENT ONE YEAR. 
 
 This regiment was organized at Harrisburg, Penn. , September 16, 1864, 
 with Tobias B. KaufEmau as colonel. Franklin County was represented on the 
 regimental staff by Maj. John L. Ritchey and Adjt. Andrew E. Davison, and 
 by Company D. This company's organization during its term of service was 
 as follows: 
 
 Company D. — Captains, John L. Ritchey, promoted to major September 
 17, 1864, and James P. McCuUough; first lieutenant, Noah W. Kuhn; second 
 lieutenant, B. Frank Deal; first sergeants, George J. Deitriek and Jacob F. 
 Reamer; sergeants, Jonathan Palmer, Thomas J. Daffy, Robert Bard and 
 Emanuel T. Reed; corporals, Joseph R. Fulton, Joseph Lackman, John D. 
 Fisher, George Riddle, Jeremiah Reifsnider, Joseph Elder, James Hissong, 
 Andrew J. Gift, Jacob W. Pool and Jacob Finefrock. 
 
 Immediately after its organization the regiment moved to the front and 
 joined the Army of the James and took part in the engagement at Chapin's 
 farm, after which it was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, and took 
 part in the engagements around Petersburg, Va., where Maj. Ritchey was 
 badly wounded and Capt. McCullough mortally so, dying on the following 
 day. Mustered out of service May 31, 1865. 
 
354 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 INDEPENDENT BATTERY B. 
 
 This Battery was an iadepandent organization, a large part of which was re- 
 cruited in Franklin Coiinty for the Seventy-seventh Eegiment by Capt. Peter B. 
 Hou3um, and, on his proDiotion to the lieutenant-colonelcy of that regiment, the 
 men were transferred to Capt. Mueller, and mustered into service November 6, 
 1801. The following are at least some of the officers from Franklin County: 
 Oaptains — Alanson J. Stevens, promoted from first lieutenant January 5, 1863, 
 killed at Chickamauga-, Ga., September 21, 1863; Samuel M. McDowell, pro- 
 moted from first lieutenant January 11, 1864, killed at Kenesaw Mountain, 
 •Ga., June 27, 1864. Second lieutenant, Clarence M. Camp, promoted to 
 •quartermaster-sergeant August 16, 1864. Sergeants, Eobert Dunkinson, Sam- 
 uel K. Snively, Philip C. Smith, William Biggs, Franklin Yeager. Battery B 
 •was attached to the Army of the Cumberland and did effective service, being 
 -engaged in the battles at Murfreesboro (of five days' duration) and Chicka- 
 mauga. In the spring of 1864 the battery was with Sherman on his Atlanta 
 •campaign, during which the fighting was almost incessant. In the bold and 
 ibloody assault on the enemy's lines at Kenesaw Mountain, Capt. Samuel 
 M. McDowell was killed. After the surrender of the rebel armies the bat- 
 tery was sent to Texas, where it remained on duty until the 12th of October, 
 iwhen it was mustered out of service at Victoria. 
 
 THE MILITIA OF 1862. 
 
 After the defeat of the Union Army at the second battle of Bull Run, Au- 
 gust 29 and 30, 1862, the Rebel Army hastened northward and crossed the 
 Potomac, threatening the southern border of Pennsylvania, and on the 4th of 
 ."September Gov. Curtin issued a proclamation calling on the people to arm and 
 prepare for defense. Gen. John F. Reynolds assumed command of the militia, 
 15,000 being concentrated at Hagerstown and Boonsboro; 10,000 at Green- 
 •castle and Chambersburg, and 25,000 at Harrisburg, and on their way to that 
 •city. The enemy having been defeated at Antietam and the emergency 
 passed, the militia was mustered out at Harrisburg on the 24th of September. 
 The following is a list of the companies raised in Franklin County: 
 
 Captain, J. Wyeth Douglas; first lieutenant, Justinian McGuigan; second 
 lieutenant, George Ludwig, Jr. ; 85 officers and men. Organized at Chambers- 
 .burg September 1, and discharged September 16, 1862. 
 
 Captain, John Jeffries; first lieutenant, J. McD. Sharpe; second lieutenant, 
 Jacob S. Brand; 94 officers and men. Organized at Chambersburg September 
 5, and discharged September 27, 1862. 
 
 Captain, James H. Montgomery; first lieutenant, JohnHassler; second lieu- 
 tenant, John R. Tankenley; 89 officers and men. Organized at St. Thomas, 
 ■September 8, and discharged September 20, 1862. 
 
 Captain, George W. Byster; first lieutenant, David Wallace; second lieu- 
 tenant, Martin Shoemaker; 62 officers and men. Organized at Greenvillage 
 ■September 12, and discharged October 1, 1802. 
 
 Captain, John D. Walker; first lieutenant, Carl Galliher; second lieuten- 
 •ant John Witherow; 65 officers and men. Organized at Fahnettsburg Septem- 
 ber 11, and discharged September 27, 1802. 
 
 Captain, K. Shannon Taylor; first lieutenant, Jacob Sellers; second lieu- 
 tenant, John K. Reese; 77 officers and men. Organized at Chambersburg 
 September 9, and discharged September 25, 1862. 
 
 Captain, David Houser; first lieutenant, Franklin Snider; second lieuten- 
 ant, William Mjng; 77 oflfioers and men. Organized at Chambersburg Sep- 
 tember 15, and discharged October 1, 1862. 
 
HISTOEY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 355 
 
 Captain, Thomas L. Fletcher; first lieutenant, John P. Keefer; second 
 lieutenant, James Kennedy; 84 ofiScers and men. Organized at Chambersburg 
 September 14, and discharged October 1, 1862. 
 
 Captain, Charles W. Eyster; first lieutenant, Peter Ackerman; second 
 lieutenant, Ephraim Finefrock; 118 officers and men. Organized at Cham- 
 bersburg September 14, and discharged October 15, 1862. 
 
 Captain, David Vance; first lieutenant, John Beaver; second lieutenant, 
 Thomas J. Doyle; 88 officers and men. Organized at Fort Loudon Septem- 
 ber 18, and discharged October 11, 1862. 
 
 Captain Andrew M. Criswell; first lieutenant, JohnDissinger; second lieu- 
 tenant, Obed Mentzer; 52 of&cers and men. Organized at Scotland Septem- 
 ber 15, and discharged October 1, 1862. 
 
 Captain, Christian C. Foltz; first lieutenant, Samuel F. Greenawalt; second 
 lieutenant, P. Henry Peiffer. This was a cavalry company, with forty- seven 
 officers and men. Organized at Chambersburg September 11, and discharged 
 September 25, 1862. 
 
 Colored Troops. — There was no distinct organization of colored troops 
 formed in Franklin County, but probably 500 of our colored citizens entered 
 the army during the Rebellion. Eleven regiments of colored soldiers were re- 
 cruited in Pennsylvania by the United States Government, and the State of 
 Massachusetts had recruiting officers here frequently. 
 
 Officers from Franklin County. — Major-general — Samuel W. Crawford, 
 appointed April 28, 1862. Paymaster — Maj. John M. Pomeroy, appointed 
 June 14, 1861. Assistant adjutant-general — Capt. Theodore McGowan, ap- 
 pointed July 14, 1862. Commissaries of subsistence — Capt. Elishu D. Beid, 
 appointed September 10, 1862; Capt. Calvin Gilbert, appointed March 2, 
 1864. Signal Corps — Second Lieut. Michael D. Reymer, appointed March 3, 
 1863. Surgeons — Samuel G. Lane, Fifth Reserves, appointed September 6, 
 1861; William C. Lane, One Hundred and Twenty-second Regiment, ap- 
 pointed September 15, 1862. Hospital Chaplain — Rev. J. Agnew Crawford, 
 appointed August 8, 1863. Colonels — George B. Wiestling, One Hundred 
 and Seventy-seventh Regiment, appointed November 28, 1862; Charles T. 
 Campbell, Fifty-seventh Regiment, appointed March 4, 1862. Captain — 
 Michael W. Houser, Company C, Fifty-seventh Regiment, appointed Novem- 
 ber 25, 1865. Second Lieutenant — Allison McDowell, Company B, Six- 
 teenth Cavalry, appointed October 3, 1863. 
 
 The roster of troops furnished by Franklin County for the war has taken a 
 large part of our space hitherto. It is impossible, of course, to give the 
 names of all soldiers, who placed their sacrifices on their country' s altar. Such 
 information can be had from Bates' history, from which our lists have been 
 taken. 
 
 Raids into its territory were quite frequent. Every movement of troops 
 along the border had its effect to produce a panic along the valley. A disas- 
 ter to the Union troops in Maryland or Virginia was succeeded by a stampede 
 of negroes, women and children which swept along the whole valley, produc- 
 ing a constant unrest. The uncertainty connected with these vibratory move- 
 ments of refugees had a deleterious effect upon every kind of business, to say 
 nothing of the uneasiness it created. The migration of friend or foe involved 
 loss to the inhabitants of the county. It is with difficulty, therefore, that 
 people living in other parts of the country realize the magnitude of the sacri- 
 fices made by the people of Franklin County during the civil war. With her 
 l)rave sons in nearly every regiment in the field, and her home guards to 
 watch the border, and with her flocks and crops pillaged by both armies, her 
 
356 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 sacrifices for the Union were greater than those of probably any county in the 
 Northern States. Her sacrifices, however, but purified and intensified her 
 loyalty to the Government for which her early pioneers had fought. 
 
 Stuart's Raid in 1862. — After the battle of Antietam, Gen. Lee was desir- 
 ous of escaping from the menacing position of McClellan's army. To aid in 
 this matter, he detached that distinguished and dashing cavalry officer, Geii. 
 J. E. B. Stuart, to make a bold raid to the rear of the Union Army. The time 
 selected was favorable. In consequence of the defeat of Lee' s army at South 
 Mountain and Antietam, Union troops in the Cumberland Valley were largely 
 withdrawn, a feeling of security having settled upon the people. 
 
 With a command estimated at from 1,800 to 2,800 men, well officered and 
 picked, Stuart crossed the Potomac above Williamsport at Cherry Eun Ford, 
 and passing rapidly through Maryland came down from the mountains upon 
 Mercer sburg without warning, but with all the consternation attending such 
 rapid movements. Thomas Whitehead, captain of Company E, Second Vir- 
 ginia Cavalry, in a letter published in the Philadelphia Times, says: "The 
 inhabitants of Mercersburg seemed terror stricken and paralyzed, and many 
 ludicrous accounts were given by the soldiers of their efforts to quiet their 
 fears. I witnessed one; Private J. C. Pettit, of Company E, with a comrade, 
 rode under the window of a house and proposed to buy some food of an old 
 woman and her daughter. With pallid face bathed in tears the old lady said: 
 'Take anything, only spare the women and children.' " Maj. H. B. McClel- 
 lan, Stuart's adjutant-general, relates another incident that occurred between 
 Mercersburg and Chambersburg. The soldiers belonged to the Ninth Virginia 
 Cavalry, and the incident is said to have happened at a. Mr. Glee's, not 
 far from Bridgeport: 
 
 "The terms of Stuart's orders were strictly enforced during the whole 
 march. Nothing whatever was disturbed on the soil of Maryland, but when 
 once the Pennsylvania line was crossed, the seiziire of horses was prosecuted 
 with system and diligence. Six hundred men scoured the country on either 
 side of the line of march, and as far as scouts could extend, the country was 
 denuded of horses. With his usual courtesy toward ladies, Stuart gave or- 
 ders that whenever they might meet his column, they should be allowed to 
 pass in their conveyances without molestation. So strict was the enforcement 
 of orders that the men were not even allowed to seize provisions for them- 
 selves. They sometimes, however, obtained by stratagem what they were not 
 permitted to take by force. On the second day's march, some hungry cavalry- 
 men approached a house whose male defenders had fled, leaving the women and 
 babies in possession. A polite request for food was met by the somewhat surly 
 reply that there was none in the house. Casting a wolfish glance upon the 
 babies, a lean fellow remarked that he had never been in the habit of eating 
 huioan flesh, but that he was now hungry enough for anything; and if he 
 could get nothing else, he believed he would compromise on one of the babies. 
 It is hardly necessary to say that the mother's heart relented, and a bountiful 
 repast was soon provided." 
 
 Through Bridgeport and St. Thomas the cavalry dashed, gathering in 
 horses from both sides of the pike, and finally reached Chambersburg. Says 
 Capt^ Whitehead : ' ' The mayor. Col. McClure and Judge Kimmell appeared, 
 met Stuart and Hampton, surrendered the town and asked for the protection 
 of persons and the private property of citizens. These terms were granted, 
 with an exception as to horses, and a safe conduct was given the three gentle- 
 men, who made the terms of surrender. A considerable supply of clothing 
 ammunition and other stores was found and distributed, and a number of 
 
^J^^'9H^(^u^<^^^ 
 
HISTORY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 350 
 
 horses were taken. One of the most noticeable things all along the route was 
 the dazed appearance of the citizens; they seemed paralyzed, astonished and 
 unable to comprehend the situation. 
 
 ' ' The Second Virginia was ordered to go down and destroy an important 
 bridge, but before we reached it we were informed that it was iron; our axes 
 would not cut it and it would not burn, and, as we did not have the time nor 
 the material to blow it up, we retraced our steps. When we returned from the 
 bridge expedition we were halted in a wide street, which led into the turnpike, 
 and told to remain until further orders, Lieut. -Col. Watts being left in charge of 
 the brigade detachment. There was a drizzling rain sufficient to make it dis- 
 agreeably cold, and piles of posts, that were along the street, and palings More 
 soon turned into little fires for the squads ; what were known as the ' Pirout- 
 ers ' were soon out in search for something to eat. 
 
 " Near the Second Regiment's position there was a nice cottage and further 
 up the street a fine residence. Corporal Tip Tinsley, of Company E, was 
 early at the cottage, his sabre-scabbard and spurs clanking on the porch floor. 
 He knocked and an old man came to the door, lantern in hand. Tinsley aslied 
 if he could get some bread. ' Certainly, a soldier can. ' The old gentleman 
 disappeared and quickly returned with an immense sheet of rolls under his 
 arm and his lantern in the other hand. As Tinsley received the bread he said: 
 ' Who is your general — McClellan or Burnside ?' ' Stonewall Jackson, ' re- 
 plied Tinsley. ' Good God! ' exclaimed the old man. The lantern fell, the 
 door slammed and the corporal came off with the bread. 
 
 ' ' The night spent in Chambersburg was full of interest. Owing to the fa- 
 vorable terms made by Judge Kimmell and his associates. Col. McClure and 
 Thos. B. Kennedy, the rebels did comparatively little damage in town to per- 
 sona or private property. Some of the officers paid a friendly visit to Col. 
 McClure at his residence, and discussed political questions with him. Gen. 
 Stuart and other officers lodged for the night at the Franklin Hotel, and 
 proved very afFable and entertaining. On the following morning, Saturday, 
 the raiders took their departure eastward across the South Mountain. Before 
 leaving, a guard was detached to burn the depot house, the machine shops, and 
 the warehouse of Messrs. Wunderlich & Nead. The latter was burnt because 
 it contained the ammunition taken from Gen. Longstreet. In this warehouse 
 and in some cars upon the siding was a considerable amount of government 
 stores, consisting of clothing, hats, boots, pistols, etc. As much of these as 
 the guard could carry were taken with them. Some soldiers had on as many 
 as thi'ee hats. After the guard departed, some of our citizens endeavored to 
 save the biiming buildings and adjoining property, but they were much an- 
 noyed by the exploding shells. These did not go off at once, as some feared, 
 but gradually, as the fire reached them. Fearing for the safety of the sick and 
 wounded in the lower end of the town, in case the whole of the ammunition in 
 the burning warehouse would explode at once, many of the ladies who had 
 been ministering to their necessities went to their assistance, and at the usual 
 hour at noon these good Samaritans had dinner prepared for these men. We 
 swept on southeast, passing through a long string of a town called Payette- 
 ville, at which there was a large female school, and while getting some pro- 
 visions our men entered into a political discussion with the lady teacher in 
 charge, who appeared disposed to try and convert my command. She was 
 good looking and intelligent, and was especially persistent and aggressive on 
 the slavery question. A very dogmatic and impertinent man of my company 
 asked her if she regarded a negro her equal, and would she be willing to 
 marry one. She very calmly replied that it would be greatly preferable ta 
 
360 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 marrying him. His comrades never let him hear the last of that Pennsylvania 
 ' school marm ' or that imaginary negro. By the vf ay, we saw only one negro on 
 this trip through Pennsylvania, and he was the raggedest specimen we ever 
 saw. He was standing on a high bank looking at the cohimn as it passed, and 
 the boys called to him to know if he did not want to go down in Dixie, promising 
 him new clothes and good wages. His only reply was that he couldn't leave his 
 mammy. Near this solitary negro we saw the only loose hog encountered on 
 the trip. The command rode over him, and he came near being the cause of 
 the only casualty we would have sustained by tripping a trooper' s horse and 
 overthrowing his rider. " 
 
 Crossing South Mountain and avoiding all towns where Federal soldiers 
 might be assembled, Stuart' s cavalry returned again to Virginia, having made 
 a complete circuit of the Union Army, captured and led out 1,200 head of 
 Pennsylvania horses, and taken as captives some of Franklin County's best 
 citizens: Perry A. Rice, Daniel Shaffer, C. Landerbaugh, John McDowell, 
 George G. Rupley and George Steiger, of Mercersburg; Joseph Wingert, post- 
 master at Clay Lick, and William Conner, of St. Thomas. Eice, Shaffer and 
 Conner were taken to Richmond and immured in Libby prison. Rice died, but 
 his associates were exchanged. The others are thought to have escaped en 
 route. 
 
 lee's invasion in 1863. 
 
 The campaign into Pennsylvania in 1863 was the most interesting and im- 
 portant movement of the war. The Army of Northern Virginia, under the 
 leadership of Gen. Robert B. Lee, the scholar, the Christian gentleman, the 
 peerless soldier, assisted by such skillful and acknowledged lieutenants as 
 Longstreet, Hill, Ewell and Stuart, was composed of men as brave and true 
 as were ever led to battle and to death. Successful at Fredericksburg and 
 Chancellorsville over greatly superior numbers, this army, despising the adver- 
 sary whom it had so frequently encountered on the field of carnage, and im- 
 pelled by a desire to release Virginia from the presence of the two vast armies 
 which were eating out its substance, as well as by a movement into free terri- 
 tory that would secure supplies from the enemy, hoped to achieve a victory 
 which would secure a speedy recognition of the Confederacy. 
 
 The plan decided upon by the Confederate commander was to push boldly 
 forward, invade the State of Pennsylvania, and so to maneuver his forces as to 
 compel the Union Army to attack him on the defensive, and under circum- 
 stances which, it was hoped, would secure a brilliant victory to his arms and 
 place his army between the defeated Federals and the capital of the Nation. 
 It was thought this success would place the city of Washington in the posses- 
 sion of the Confederates and secure a recognition of Southern independence by 
 European powers. It was also believed that the Northern people were dis- 
 couraged a,nd disheartened by their repeated failures to grapple successfully 
 with the gigantic struggle then in progress, and would be willing to accede to 
 such terms of settlement as would involve a separation of the States. 
 
 '^^^ *oi"egoing are some of the results which were sought to be secured 
 to the Confederacy, by the change of policy from a defensive to an of- 
 fensive one, on the part of the South. It is, however, proper to remark that 
 there were eminent men at Richmond, and distinguished soldiers in the South, 
 who disapproved of this change of policy, and" augured ill of the invasion 
 trom the beginning. These advocated what was known in Richmond as " the 
 defensive policy. ' ' They believed that the interests of the Confederacy would 
 be best promoted by her armies remaining upon her own soil, rather than by 
 removing the scene of hostilities to the North. The most skillful soldier in the 
 
HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 361 
 
 Confederate service, if not one of the greatest generals of the age, who advo- 
 cated this latter policy, was Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. One of its strongest 
 and most eminent supporters was Hon. Alexander H. Stephens. 
 
 The movement of the Confederate Army into Pennsylvania was accom- 
 plished as follows: Withdrawing his forces from around Fredericksburg, after 
 the battle of Chanoellorsville, Lee's advance corps, under Lieut. -Gen. B. S. 
 Ewell, moved first, and was followed by those of Gens. A. P. Hill and Long- 
 street. Contrary to his expectations, Lee was forced to move into the Shen- 
 andoah Valley, and go northward on the west side of North Mountain, instead 
 ■of on the east, Hooker' s command (the Army of the Potomac) pressing him so 
 ■closely. Two divisions of Ewell' s corps. Bodes' and Early's, fell upon Mil- 
 roy' s command at Winchester and either captured or dispersed it, and gobbled 
 up the greater part of his immense supplies. The portion of the wagon train, 
 which succeeded in escaping, crossed the Potomac, and passing through Hagers- 
 town, Greencastle and Chambersburg with all the con'usion attending such a 
 rout, hurried on to Harrisburg. This was one of the many evidences that new 
 perils were threatening the people of the valley. The attack on Winchester 
 occurred June 13, 1863. The stampede followed immediately. 
 
 Jenkins' kaid. 
 
 On the heels of Milroy*s demoralized teamsters and guards came Lee's ad- 
 vance cavalry, under command of Brig. -Gen. A. G. Jenkins; with the exciting 
 and exaggerated reports which preceded him, came the natural impulse of the 
 people to remove all their valuables, supplies, moneys, etc. , to some place of 
 safety. The devastation wrought by the exemplary command of Stuart, the 
 year previous, led the people to expect no great consideration from rebel troops 
 during a general invasion. In this respect their fears were well founded. The 
 mission of Jenkins was two-fold: First, to ascertain whether any Federal forces 
 occupied the valley in advance of the invading army ; second, to collect horses 
 and other supplies before they could be removed by the frightened inhabitants. 
 The incidents connected with this raid would fill a volume of rare interest. 
 
 At an early hour in the evening of June 15, information of the approach of 
 Jenkins' cavalry was received, and about 11 o'clock they appeared at the south- 
 ern end of the town. A few scouts were sent forward to reconnoitre. Of the 
 entire command, numbering about 2,000, some 200 were selected to make a 
 dash into the town and strike terror into the hearts of the people. We shall 
 allow Jacob Hoke to describe the scenes that followed : 
 
 " When opposite the residence of Mr. H. M. White, the report of a gun 
 was heard. Some eight or ten cavalrymen rode into the Diamond and passed 
 through it on down Main Street, except about four or five. In the darkness, 
 the gas in front of the bank only being lighted, they became separated, and 
 one of them, evidently the officer in command, who was over near the bank, 
 called out, in a peculiar Southern tone, which is about half negro: 'Hawkins! 
 Hawkins!! Whar the d— — ^1 are you, Hawkins?' If Lieut. Smith, for such 
 was the gentleman' s name, as will appear hereafter, had called upon John Seid- 
 ■ers and Thad. Mahon instead of his Satanic majesty, they might have given 
 him the information he so earnestly desired, but they were about that time 
 having a little matter of business transacted with Hawkins over on the court 
 house pavement. Bat the Lieuteniut's anxiety concerning his friend was soon 
 relieved, for, on going across the Diamond to ascertain what had become of 
 him, he fell into the hands of Seiders, and soon thereafter joined ihe object 
 of his anxiety, both of them, however, horseless and without arms. 
 
 "Following this call for his absent comrade, the officer again called out: 
 
362 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 'Whar's the Mayau of this town? Whar's the Mayau of this town? If th& 
 Mayau does not come here in five minutes we will burn the town. ' In a short 
 time the 200 detailed to follow the above mentioned scouts came thundering 
 down Main Street, followed by the remainder of the command. The larger 
 part passed on through the town and out to the grounds of Col. McClure, 
 along the Philadelphia pike, where they picketed their horses in the Colonel's 
 clover field. Gen. Jenkins and his staff did the Colonel the honor to lodge 
 with him over night at his fine mansion, after first partaking of a bountiful 
 supper prepared for them, the honors of the table being royally done by his 
 accomplished wife, in the absence of the Colonel, who had discreetly placed 
 himself beyond the possibility of capture and sojourn in a Southern clime. 
 Leaving Jenkins and his staff so comfortably quartered for the night, we will 
 go back to relate some incidents which occurred in and about the Diamond. 
 
 ' ' Shortly after the entrance of the advanced pickets into the Diamond, a. 
 cavalryman rode up to Mr. John A. Seiders and T. M. Mahon, Esq. , as they 
 stood upon the court-house pavement, and, supposing them to belong to their 
 party, inquired in what direction the rest of the squad had gone. These two 
 men had just returned home from the service, and they concluded to try their 
 hands on that fellow. Neither of them was armed, but Mahon, using a plas- 
 tering lath, which he held in his hand as a sword, grabbed one rein of the 
 bridle and Seiders the other and quietly demanded his surrender. He at once 
 dismounted, and his sabre, pistol (the other taken by Seiders) and spurs were 
 at once taken by Mahon, who quickly mounted the horse and rode rapidly to 
 the market-house, which he entered; while there, a party of cavalry rode down 
 Second Street toward Market, and Mahon, as soon as they passed, started at 
 a rapid gait out Queen. At the junction of Queen and Washington Streets he 
 encountered a squad, who called upon him to halt, but he flew on out toward 
 Fayette rille. At Downey's he turned from the pike and proceeded to Scotland. 
 There, on the next day, he gave the horse into the care of another, and after 
 watching the destruction of the railroad bridge at that place, he eluded the 
 pickets and entered Chambersburg, and repoi-ted to the railroad officials the 
 burning of the bridge. Finding that the rebels were on the hunt for him, h& 
 after a short time hid in the house of his law preceptor, William McClellan, 
 Esq., left and found refuge in safer quarters. 
 
 ' ' Immediately after the departure of Mahon with his prize— the rebel having 
 been handed over to Mr. Henry Peiffer and George Welsh, who started with 
 him toward the jail, but released him when they found that they were likely to 
 be caught— another cavalryman, Lieut. Smith, rode up to where Mr. Seiders 
 was standing and inquired what had become of his comrade. Seiders, now be- 
 ing armed with one of the pistols taken from Hawkins, presented it and de- 
 ma,nded his surrender. To this demand he at once complied and dismounted. 
 Seiders disarmed him, taking his sabre, pistols and spurs, and, mounting his 
 horse, rode rapidly out East Market Street. At Market and Second Streets 
 he encountered the head of the column, which passed the market house while 
 Mahon was in it. To their command to halt he paid no attention, but put his 
 horse upon his speed and galloped out to Fayetteville; arriving, betook an in- 
 ventory of his capture, and it was found to be as follows: A valuable horse, 
 saddle, foar blankets rolled up and fastened behind the saddle, two fine pis- 
 tols, sabre and belt, and a pair of saddle-bags containing a dress-coat, two 
 shirts, a Testament, a pack of cards, a package of love letters, some smoking 
 tobacco, and several other articles. 
 
 "From Fayetteville Mr. Seiders proceeded to Cumberland County, and 
 throughout the whole period of the invasion he made good use of his captured 
 horse m the way of scouting service. 
 
HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 363 
 
 "After spending the night under the hospitable roof of Col. McClnre,Gen. 
 Jenkins and staff came early in the morning of Tuesday, 10th, into town and 
 established his headquarters at the Montgomery Hotel. One of the iirst acts 
 of the rebel chieftain after arriving in town was to issue an order requiring 
 all arms in possession of our citizens, whether public or private, to be brought 
 to the front of the court-house within two hours ; and, in case of disobedience, 
 houses were to be searched, and all in which arms were found concealed were 
 to be lawful objects of plunder. Many of our citizens complied with this hu- 
 miliating order, and a committee of our people was appointed to take down 
 the names of all who brought in arms. Some, of course, did not comply, but 
 enough did so to avoid a general search and probable sacking of the town. 
 Capt. Fitzhugh, Jenkins' chief of staff — the same officer who took so promi- 
 nent a part in the burning of the town a year afterward — assorted the guns as 
 they were brought in, retaining those that could be used by his men, and 
 twisting and breaking such as were unfit for this service. This he did by strik- 
 ing them over the stone steps in front of the court-house, or twisting them 
 out of shape in the ornamental attachments of the iron gas posts. When Dr. 
 W. H. Boyle brought in a beautiful silver mounted Sharp's rifle, Capt. Fitz- 
 hugh appropriated it to his own use. 
 
 ' ' The next thing which demanded the attention of Gen. Jenkins was to 
 summon the town council and demand of them the return of the two horses 
 and their accoutrements captured by Mahon and Seiders, or the payment of 
 their value; and in default of either he threatened the destruction of the 
 town. His plea for this extreme resort was, as he said, the firing upon his 
 soldiers by our citizens. As the captured property was beyond the reach of 
 the council, the matter was finally adjusted by the payment of $900. Doubt- 
 less Jenkins expected this amount in United States currency, but as he had 
 flooded the town with Confederate scrip, pronouncing it better than green- 
 backs, the city fathers evidently took him at his word, and paid him in his 
 own money. This money was bought up of our citizens, who had received it 
 for articles sold to Jenkins' men, at a few cents on the dollar. A few days 
 after this transaction, and when Jenkins' force had fallen back beyond Green- 
 castle, Mr. Seiders returned to town as the pilot of Gen. Knipe, who, with 
 parts of two New York regiments, was sent to this place. 
 
 "On Wednesday morning Gen. Jenkins ordered that the stores, shops and 
 business places should all be opened from 8 to 10 o'clock A. M., and that his 
 men should be permitted to buy such articles as they personally needed, but 
 must in all cases pay for what they got. Business for about an hour was very 
 brisk, and to avoid giving offense they patronized all. 
 
 "About 9 o'clock, whUe all were doing a lively business, an officer came gal- 
 loping up Main Street to headquarters and told Jenkins that the Yankees were 
 advancing. Jenkins came out in haste, and mounting his horse he, in a voice 
 of great power, ordered the men to the field. A rush was made down Main 
 Street and out to what is known as Gelsinger' s Hill, a few miles below the 
 town, on the Harrisburg pike, where a line of battle was formed. In a short 
 time a number of men returned leading the horses, the soldiers dismounting 
 and preparing to fight as infantry. They were all armed with carbines, as 
 well as pistols and sabres. After an hour or two they fell back through the 
 town and out where their horses were taken, and rode back beyond Greencastle. 
 A few daring scouts, coming from the direction of Shippensburg, causing this 
 alarm, and supposing that they were too far in advance of the infantry, 
 retreated to the southern part of the county, where for nearly a week they 
 plundered the people. As Jenkins and his staff rode up street, after the dis- 
 
364 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 mounted men had all passeil, a number of our citizens were standing upon th& 
 court-house pavement. Supposing that they were armed and might fire upon 
 them, these officers drew their revolvers and rode toward the citizens. A 
 stampede, of course, resulted. Many of the soldiers were engaged during- 
 Tuesday and Wednesday mornings in scouring the fields around town for ne- 
 groes. Many were caught and some, free and slave, were bound and sent 
 under guard South. Some escaped, and some were captured from their guard 
 by citizens of Greencastle. Among their captures was that well and favorably 
 known colored man, Esque Hall. 
 
 ' ' Gen. Jenkins, fearing an attack by the emergency men then congregating 
 at Harrisburg, fell back, as already stated, below Greencastle and near to 
 Hagerstown, there to await the arrival of Gen. Lee' s infantry. From this 
 retreat he sent out marauding parties to various places in search of additional 
 plunder. 
 
 "One detachment was sent east, and, after plundering the rich country 
 about Waynesboro, crossed over the southeastern flanks of South Mountain, 
 where, at the Monterey Pass, on Sunday. 21st, the Philadelphia City Troop and 
 Bell's cavalry from Gettysburg encouiAerbu tl^eir pickets. In the evening of 
 the same day, about 120 of them entered Fairfield, and returned again by 
 the Fiu-nace road, taking with them all the good horses they could find. 
 
 ' ' The whole southern portion of our county was plundered by these men. 
 Welsh Eun especially received a thorough scouring. The plunder thus taken 
 was sent south of the Potomac, and delivered over to Lee's approaching army. 
 It would be difficult to estimate the value of the property taken by this raid, • 
 but it certainly amounted to not less than $100,000. Then its coming in the 
 season of the year, when the farming interests required the use of horses, 
 added immensely to its inconvenience and loss. Many croppers, who had little 
 else than their stock, were bankrupted. The effect of this raid, however, was 
 to arouse the people of Pennsylvania and the adjacent States, and volunteers 
 for the defense of the border hurried to Harrisburg. 
 
 " The various detachments of Jenkins' command had all joined the main 
 body by Monday morning, at or near Hagerstown, where he awaited the arrival 
 of Rodes' division of infantry preparatory to another advance into our State." 
 
 The authorities at Harrisburg, having become convinced that an invasion 
 of the State was imminent, made all possible efforts to meet it. Assured by 
 the National authorities that the State must look after its own defense because 
 of the impracticability of dividing the Army of the Potomac at that critical 
 period, to meet this emergency Maj.-Gen. D. N. Couch was appointed, by 
 the war department, commander of the department of the Susquehanna, 
 with headquarters at Harrisburg. 
 
 On June 12, the day following the establishment of this department. Gov. 
 Curtin issued a proclamation to the people of the State, announcing the im- 
 pending danger and calling for volunteers. Gen. Couch reiterated these 
 sentiments in an address of the same date, and called for immediate enlist- 
 ment, to check or repel the invading forces. Immediately after these ad- 
 dresses, fortifications along the river were begun. 
 
 A hearty response to these appeals for volunteers was made by the people 
 of Pennsylvania and New York. Militia came pouring in, and were organized 
 June 22, into two divisions under command of Gens. Smith and Dana. On 
 the 20th, parts of two of these early arriving New York regiments, about 800 
 men, were sent under Gen. Knipe to rebuild the Scotland bridge and to de- 
 fend Chambersburg. Arriving at the latter place on Sunday, the 21st, the 
 commander made a stirring speech, in which he spoke of his determination to 
 
HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 365 
 
 repel the insolent invader. The sequel showed, however, that the courage of 
 these men evaporated before they came in contact with the enemy. 
 
 lee's advance into the state. 
 
 It may be proper to give some idea of the condition of Lee's army. It 
 was known as the Army of Northern Virginia, under command of Gen. Kobert 
 E. Lee, and consisted of three infantry corps. 
 
 First Corps. — Lieut. -Gen. James Longstreet, commander. It consisted 
 of three infantry divisions commanded respectively by Maj. -Gens. Lafayette 
 McLaws, George E. Pickett and J. B. Hood, and eighty-three pieces of artil- 
 lery, commanded by Col. J. B. Walton. 
 
 Second Corps. — Lieut. -Gen. R. S. Ewell, commander. It had three 
 divisions commanded respectively by Maj. -Gens. Jubal A. Early, R. E. 
 Eodes and Edward Johnson. The artillery, eighty-two pieces, was under 
 Col. S. Crutchfield. 
 
 Third Corps. — Lieut. -Gen. A. P. Hill, commander, had three divisions 
 commanded respectively by Maj. -Gens. Anderson, Heth and Pender. 
 The artillery, eighty-three pieces, was under command of Col. R. Lindsay 
 Walker. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing infantry and artillery, there was a cavalry 
 corps under Lieut. -Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, consisting of brigades commanded 
 respectively by Brig. -Gens. Wade Hampton, Fitz Hugh Lee, W. H. F. Lee, 
 B. H. Robertson, W. E. Jones, J. D. Imboden, A. G. Jenkins and Baker. 
 All the infantry and artillery, but only one or two brigades of cavalry ad- 
 vanced through Franklin County, the rest of Stuart's command having crossed 
 the Potomac between the Army of the Potomac and Washington. 
 
 A fair estimate of Lee's army puts it from 75,000 to 85,000, the Count of 
 Paris placing it as high as 88,754 officers and soldiers present May 31, 1863. 
 
 As has already been remarked, Ewell' s corps led the infantry advance in 
 the invasion, the divisions of Rodes and Early crossing the Potomac on the 
 20th and 21st of June. On the 22d, these two divisions connected with Jen- 
 kins at Hagerstown. In a day or two. Early turned off to the east, passing 
 through Waynesboro, Quincy, Funkstown and Greenwood, across North Moun- 
 tain to York. In passing Greenwood he burned Thad. Stevens' (Caledonia) iron 
 works. His reasons are given in a letter to the writer, dated Lynchburg, Va. , 
 May 7, 1886, thus: "No column of our troops was sent to burn the iron 
 works of Thaddeus Stevens, near Greenwood, in the campaign into Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1863. My division of Ewell' s corps was ordered to move along the 
 western base of South Mountain until it came to the road from Chambersburg 
 to Gettysburg, which I did, passing through Waynesboro and one or two 
 smaller villages. I found the iron works above mentioned on the road aforesaid, 
 where it begins to ascend South Mountain, and they were bui-ned by my order 
 and on my own responsibility. My reasons for giving the order were founded on 
 the fact that the Federal troops had invariably burned such works in the South 
 wherever they had penetrated, and notably among them the iron works of Hon. 
 John Bell, of Tennessee, who was the constitutional candidate for the presidency 
 in 1860, and who was too old to take any part in the war then pending. More- 
 over, in some speeches in Congress, Mr. Stevens had exhibited a most vindic- 
 tive spirit toward the people of the South, as he contiiTded to do to the day of 
 his death. This burning was simply in retaliation for various deeds of bar- 
 barity perpetrated by Federal troops in some of the Southern States, as was 
 the subsequent burning of Chambersburg, in 1864. ' ' 
 
 Johnson's division crossed the Potomac on June 22, and joined the other 
 
366 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 divisions at Hagerstown. Johnson and Bodes then commenced their meirch 
 down the valley via Greencastle and Chambersburg, Jenkins preceding them. 
 When Jenkins and Bodes reached the former place, the advance cavalry was 
 met in a bold dash by a small battalion of the First New York (Lincoln) Cav- 
 alry, under command of Maj. W. H. Boyd, in front of the Fleming House, 
 just out of Greencastle, on the Chambersburg road. The result was the 
 wounding of Sergt. Milton S. Cafferty and the killing of Corp. William H. 
 Bihl, of Company C, a full account of which is given in the history of Corporal 
 Bihl Post in the sketch of Greencastle Borough in another part of this work. 
 
 On the 23d of June, Jenkins again entered Chambersburg, this time with 
 more boldness man before. His demands for various supplies here, as at 
 Greencastle, were not wanting in either modesty or amount; nor were the 
 people slow to supply onions, bacon, bread, and other necessaries. "Two hours 
 after the appearance of Jenkins, the forces of Bodes began to arrive, a band 
 playing "Dixie " vnth considerable satisfaction. On the 24th Gen. Ewell ar- 
 rived in a carriage, and took possession of the town. The court-house was 
 selected for headquartars, and a rebel flag flaunted from its cupola. The fol- 
 lowing modest requisitions were made: 
 
 Headquabters 3nd Army Cobps, 
 June 24, 1863. 
 To the Authorities of Chambersburg, Pa. 
 
 By direction of Lieut. -Gen. R. 8. Swell, I require the following articles: 
 
 5,000 suits of Clotliing, including Hats, Boots and Shoes. 
 
 100 good Saddles. 
 
 100 good Bridles. 
 
 5,000 Bushels of Grain (corn or oats). 
 
 10,000 Bbs. Sole Leather. 
 
 10,000 fts. Horse Shoes. 
 
 400 Sbs. Horse Shoe Nails. 
 
 Also, the use of printing office and two printers to report at once. All articles, ex- 
 cept grain, will be delivered at the Court House Square, at 3 o'clock P. M. to-day, and- 
 grain by 6 o'clock P. M. to-day. 
 
 J. A. Haemon, Maj. and G. Q. M. 2nd Corps D. Arm. 
 
 Headquabtees 3nd Abmt Corps, 
 June 24, 1868. 
 By the command of Lieut.-Qen. R. 8. Ewell, the citizens of Chambersburg will fur- 
 nish the following articles by 3 o'clock this afternoon : ' 
 
 6,000 fts. Lead. 
 
 10,000 n>s. Harness Leather. 
 
 50 Boxes of Tin. 
 
 1,000 Curry Combs and Brushes. 
 
 2,000 lbs. Picket Rope. 
 
 400 Pistols. 
 
 All the Caps and Powder in town. 
 
 Also, all the Neat's Foot Oil. William Allen, M. and C. 
 
 Headquarters 2nd Army Corps, 
 June 24, 1868. 
 By. direction of Lieut.-Gen. R. S. Ewell, the following are demanded- 
 50,000 as. Bread. 
 100 Sacks Salt. 
 30 Barrels Molasses. 
 500 Barrels Flour. 
 25 Barrels Vinegar. 
 25 Barrels Beans. 
 25 Barrels Dried Fruit. 
 25 Barrels Saurkraut. 
 25 Barrels Potatoes. 
 11,000 lbs. Coffee. 
 10,000 lbs. Sugar. 
 100,000 lbs. Hard Bread 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 369 
 
 In reply to these extravagant demands upon Chambersburgers, Judge Kim- 
 mell, who had acted as provost-marshal the previous year, and had been ap- 
 pointed by Gov. Curtin a general superintendent of affairs during the war, was, 
 by general consent, authorized to speak. Addressing the three staff officers of 
 Gen. Ewell, he said: 
 
 "Why, gentlemen, you must suppose that we are made of these things — 
 10,000 pounds of sole leather, 10,000 pounds of harness leather, 100,000 
 pounds of bread, 25 barrels of saurki-aut — it is utterly out of our power to 
 furnish these things, and now, if you are going to burn us out, you will only 
 have to do it. That's all I have to say about it." 
 
 The people furnished what they could and submitted the results. 
 
 While in town. Gen. Ewell issued very stringent orders against the sale of 
 intoxicating liquors to his soldiers, and demanded a report of all liquors in the 
 community to flie provost -marshal in order that they might be protected. It 
 is more than probable that the good people of the town did not feel disposed 
 just then to engage in a temperance crusade. 
 
 Ewell' s two divisions, Kodes' and Johnson's, passed down the valley through 
 Shippensburg and other towns on the pike, the former going as far as Carlisle, 
 the latter stopping short of it several miles. Jenkins' cavalry preceded 
 them. 
 
 On the 24th Hill's and Longstreet's corps crossed the Potomac, the former 
 at Shepherdstown, the latter at Williamsport, and united at Hagerstown, Hill 
 taking the advance. The long lines of gray coats and the immense trains of 
 artillery and supply wagons were a source of great wonder to the people of 
 town and country along the line of march. Many of them had never before 
 seen an army of such vast proportions. These corps passed through Green- 
 castle and the intervening villages, arriving at Chambersburg on the 26th and 
 27th, Heth's division in the advance. Gens. Hill and Lee both arrived at the 
 Diamond about 10 o' clock of the 26th, and held a conference, which resxilted 
 in turning the head of the column toward Gettysburg. This information was 
 conveyed by messengers to the authorities at Harrisburg, who were in con- 
 stant communication with the Washington officials. These faithful scouts 
 ought all to be pensioned by the Government for their valuable services ren- 
 dered. 
 
 On the evening of June 27, Longstreet' s forces, the rear of the army, began to 
 appear at Chambersburg, Hood going through and encamping north on the Har- 
 risburg pike, McLaws and Pickett halting several miles south of town. Gen. 
 Lee selected for his headquarters a grove a mile east of town known as " Messer- 
 smith's Woods," which he and his staff occupied from Friday morning till 
 Tuesday morning, June 26-30. There he held his councils of war and ma- 
 tured the plans which culminated in the three days' struggle at Gettysburg. 
 It may be proper here to give one of his general orders, which shows his mili - 
 tary policy in the North: 
 
 Headquabtbrs, Army Northern Virginia, 
 Chambersburg, Penn., June 37, 1863. 
 
 General Orders, Na. 73. — The Commanding General has observed with marked satis- 
 faction the conduct of the troops on the march, and. confidently anticipates results com- 
 mensurate with the high spirit they have manifested. No troops could have displayed 
 greater fortitude or better performed their arduous marches of the past ten days. Then- 
 conduct in other respects has, with few exceptions, been in keeping with their character 
 as soldiers, and entitles them to approbation and praise. 
 
 There have, however, been instances of forgetfulness on the part of some that they 
 have in keeping the yet unsullied reputation of this army, and that the duties exacted of us 
 by civilization and Christianity are not less obligatory in the country of the enemy than 
 in our own. The Commanding General considers that no greater disgrace could befall thi; 
 army, and through it our whole people, than the perpetration ef the barbarous outrages 
 
370 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 UDon the unarmed and defenseless, and the wanton destruction of private property, that 
 have marked the course of the enemy in our own country. Such proceedings not only 
 decrade the perpetrators and all connected with them, but are subversive ot the disciphne 
 and efficiency of the army, and destructive of the ends of our present movement. 
 
 It must be remembered that we make war only upon armed men, and that we cannot 
 take vengeance for the wrongs our people have suffered without lowering ourselves in 
 the eves of all whose abhorrence has been excited by the atrocities of our enemies, and 
 offending against Him to whom vengeance belongeth, without whose favor and support 
 our efforts must all prove in vain. ^ , . • .»u 
 
 The Commanding General, therefore, earnestly exhorts the troops to abstain, with 
 most scrupulous care, from unnecessary or wanton injury to private property and he en- 
 ioins upon all officers to arrest and bring to summary punishment all who shall in any 
 way offend against orders on this subject. R. E. Lee, Oeneral. 
 
 Sunday, June 28, was a trying day for the town of Chambersburg. Its 
 streets were filled with rebel soldiers. Much plundering was done by the men 
 of Longstreet's command, notwithstanding the stringent orders of the com- 
 manding general. The following letter, by a lady still living in Chambersburg, 
 not only gives a clue to the condition of things in the community, but presents 
 a phase of Gen. Lee' s character. We take it from the "Reminiscences of the 
 War," written by Jacob Hoke. 
 
 Mr. J. Hoke, , . . ^ . j -n • 
 
 Dear Sir: I take pleasure in complying wiih your request, and will give you a 
 brief account of my interview with Gen. Lee, as nearly as I can recollect it now. ^ The 
 mills, provisions and stores throughout the town and surrounding country were all in the 
 hands of the enemy, and in many families the supplies were running short. On the Sunday 
 before the battle of Gettysburg (June 38), matters had become so serious, that it became 
 necessary for some one to seek an interview with the enemy, and obtain flour. I sent for 
 one of the body guards, and a captain came in response. Prom him I learned that I could 
 see Gen. Lee by going to his headquarters in Messersmith's woods. This captain offered 
 me an escort, but assured me that I could go alone with perfect safety, showing me a copy 
 of Gen. Lee's order; that any one, who would insult a woman by word, look or act, would 
 be instantly shot. I then decided to decline an escort, and taking my young daughter, I 
 set out for the camp. I found the rules were stringently enforced, but had no difficulty in 
 passing through the ranks. Everything was in most perfect order; even the horses were 
 picketed so as to do no injury to the trees in the grove, where their tents were pitched. 
 Reaching headquarters, I found the General seated with his officers at the table. A sub- 
 ordinate met me, and learning my errand, placed two camp stools, and in a short time I 
 found myself seated by Gen. Lee himself. I stated to him our need, and told him stui vii- 
 tion would soon be at hand upon many families, unless he gave us aid. He seemed 
 startled by this announcement, and said that such destitution seemed impossible in such 
 a rich and beautiful grain-growing countiy. pointing to the rich fields of grain all around 
 his camp. I reminded him that this growing grain was useless to us now, and that many 
 of our people had no means to lay in supplies ahead. He then assured me that he had 
 turned over the supplies of food he found to his men to keep them from ravaging our 
 homes. He said, "God help you, if I permitted them to enter your houses. Your sup- 
 plies depend upon the amount that is sent in to my men." He then told me to send one 
 or two of our prominent men to him. I replied that they had nearly nil gone away, fear- 
 ing that they would be seized and taken off. (I fx-ared to give him the names of any of 
 our gentlemen.) He then asked me to send a miller, who could give liim an idea of the 
 quantity required. On leaving. Tasked for his autograph. He replied, "Do you want tiiii, 
 autograpli of a rebel?" I said, "Gen. Lee. I am a true Union womnn, and yet I ask for 
 bread and your autograph." The General replied, "It is to your interest to be for the 
 Union, and I hope you may he as firm in j'our principles, as 1 am in mine." He assured 
 me that liis autograph would be a dangerous thing to possess, but at length he gave it to 
 me. Changing the topic of conversation, he assured me that war was n cruel thing, and 
 that he only desired that they would let him go home, and eat his bread there in peace. 
 All tliis time I was impressed with the strength and sadness of the man. 
 
 I trust these few facts ma}' prove of use to you. I am glad to see that you are getting 
 up these bits of unwritten history. Of course, I have just given you an outline of the af- 
 fair, and you are at liberty to use it as you see fit. 
 
 Mrs. Ellen M'Lbllan. 
 
 One of the difficulties encountered by Lee in the Cumberland Vall<^y was 
 the lack of information relative to the position and movements of the Army of 
 the Potomac. This grew out of the fact, that he had detached Stuart's 
 
HISTOKY OV FRANKLIN COUNTY. 371 
 
 cavalry to make the raid around Hooker's right, and hence was moving, as he- 
 confessed, " vfithout his eyes. " On the 2yth of June, however, a scout, sent 
 by Longstreet, from Culpeper, Va. , to ascertain the movements of the Union 
 Army, reported in Chambersburg, to Longstreet, who immediately went with 
 him to Loe's headquarters. This scout reported that the Union Army had 
 crossed the Potomac, and was then encamped about Frederick City — the first 
 information of the kind Lee had received. It was valuable information. Or- 
 ders had been issued for Ewell to attack Harrisburg. These were counter- 
 manded, and all the rebel forces were directed to concentrate at Gettysburg; 
 
 The rapid movement of troops and artillery and supply trains through 
 Chambersburg toward Gettysburg, and especially the return of those which 
 had gone in the direction of Harrisburg, convinced the citizens of the- 
 town that the conflict between the two armies would not occur at or near Har- 
 risburg but somewhere in the vicinity of Gettysburg. It was highly import 
 tant, therefore, that this sudden and hurried change of movement, should be 
 communicated at once to the proper authorities. Judge Kimmell, the civil 
 military head of affairs in the town, wrote a message to Gov. Curtin, giving a 
 succinct statement of the situation, and having secured the services of Stephen 
 W. Pomeroy, then a Franklin County ex-soldier, sewed this missive securely in 
 the buckle strap of his pantaloons, and remarked that it was of importance to 
 the governor and the country. " Get this safe," said the Judge, " and in the 
 shortest time possible to the governor." The charge was heeded. Along 
 roads, through ravines and wood?, over fields and hills, with frequent changes- 
 of horses, the young man pursued his way and finally reached the telegraph, 
 station at Port Royal about midnight, having during the day walked seven- 
 teen and ridden forty-one miles. The message was taken from the buckle strap 
 and sent to the governor. It served its purpose in warning the proper author- 
 ities of the change of program on the part of the rebel chief, and led to Union 
 success. Its importance is acknowledged in the following letter which is self- 
 explanatory : 
 
 Washington, Dec. 11, 1883. 
 
 My Deak Sik: — Your dispatch was the first authentic information I received of tli& 
 concentration of the army of General Lee on Gettysburg, and, treating it as true, acted; 
 on it. Yours truly, A. G. Curtin. 
 
 Rev. 8. W. Pombroy. 
 
 The Eebel army concentrated at Gettysburg, and on the Ist, 2d and 3d: 
 of July was fought tlje bloodiest battle of the war between the haughty, 
 self-confident and well-disciplined Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by- 
 one of the ablest generals of the age, and the Army of the Potomac until the 
 28th of June, under the command of Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, but subse- 
 quent to that date of Maj.-Gen. George G. Meade. Meade's army consisted 
 of seven infantry corps, as follows: First, commanded by Maj.-Gen. John F. 
 Reynolds; Second, Maj.-Gen. W. S. Hancock; Third, Maj.-Gen. Daniel E. 
 Sickles; Fifth, Maj.-Gen. George Sykes; Sixth, Maj.-Gen. John Sedgwick;. 
 Eleventh, Maj.-Gen. O. O. Howard; Twelfth, Maj.-Gen. H. W. Slocum; cav- 
 alry corps, Maj.-Gen. Alfi-ed Pleasonton; total, about 95.000 men, with 352 
 pieces of artillery. During the first two days, success seemed to favor the 
 Rebel Army, but on the third it changed to the Union side. The adjutant-gen- 
 eral's ofSce, in an official statement issued in 1886, gives the aggregate losses- 
 in killed, wounded and missing as follows: Army of the Potomac, 22,990; 
 Army of Northern Virginia, 20,448. For particulars as to this terrible battle 
 the reader is referred to articles and books which develop the subject. 
 
 Lee's retreat occurred through Franklin County, but by a new route. 
 The battle closing on the 3d of July, he began to send his sick and wounded. 
 
372 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 together with the supply trains, to the rear via Waynesboro, Ringgold, Leiters- 
 burg and Hagerstown. Many of the wounded, probably most, passed on the 
 interior line through Greenwood, New Franklin, Greencastle and Hagerstown 
 to Williamsport. The escort of this vast army of wounded men was given to 
 Brig. -Gen. J. D. Imboden, whose command arrived at Gettysburg July 3, too 
 late to participate in the engagement, but just in time to guard the dead and 
 dying to the rear. Gen. Imboden thus reports the matter, commencing with 
 his visit to Lee's tent after the close of the third day's battle: 
 
 " In a little while he (Lee) called up a servant from his sleep to take his horse ; 
 spoke mournfully, by name, of several of his friends who had fallen during the 
 day, and when a candle had been lighted, invited me alone into his tent, 
 where, as soon as we were seated, he remarked: ' We must return to Virginia. 
 As many of our poor wounded as possible must be taken home. I have sent 
 for you because your men are fresh, to guard the trains back to Virginia. The 
 duty will be arduous, responsible and dangerous, for I am afraid you will be 
 harassed by the enemy' s cavalry. I can spare you as much artillery as you 
 require, but no other troops, as I shall need all I have to return to the Potomac 
 by a different route from yours. All the transportation and all the care of the 
 wounded will be entrusted to you. You will recross the mountain by the 
 Chambersburg road, and then proceed to Williamsport by any route you deem 
 best, without halting. There rest and feed your animals, then ford the river, 
 and make no halt till you reach Winchester, where I will again communicate 
 with you. ' As I was about leaving to return to my camp, he came out of his tent 
 and said to me in a low tone: 'I will place in your hands to-morrow a sealed 
 package for President Davis, which you will retain in your own possession till 
 you are across the Potomac, when you will detail a trusty commissioned officer to 
 take it to Richmond with all possible despatch, and deliver it immediately to 
 the President. I impress it upon you that whatever happens, this package 
 must not fall into the hands of the enemy. If you should unfortunately be 
 captured, destroy it.' 
 
 "On the morning uf the 4th my written instructions and the package for 
 Mr. Davis were delivered to me. It was soon apparent that the wagons and 
 ambulances and the wounded could not be ready to move till late in the after- 
 noon. The General sent me four four-gun field batteries, which, with my 
 own, gave me twenty-two guns to defend the trains. 
 
 ' ' Shortly after noon the very windows of heaven seemed to have been 
 opened. Rain fell in dashing torrents, and in a little while the whole face of 
 the earth was covered with water. The meadows became small lakes; raging 
 streams ran across the road in every depression of the ground; wagons, ambu^ 
 lances and artillery carriages filled the roads and fields in all directions. The 
 storm increased in fury every moment. Canvas was no protection against it, 
 and the poor wounded, lying upon the hard, naked boards of the wagon bod- 
 ies, were drenched by the cold rain. Horses and mules were blinded and mad- 
 dened by the storm, and became almost unmanageable. The roar of the 
 winds and waters made it almost impossible to communicate orders. Nio-ht 
 was rapidly approaching, and there was danger that in the darkness the ' con 
 fusion' would become 'worse confounded.' About 4 P. M. the head of the 
 column was put in motion and began the ascent of the mountain. After dark 
 I set out to gain the advance. The train was seventeen miles long when 
 drawn out on the road. It was moving rapidly, and from every wagon issued 
 wails of agony. For four hours I galloped along, passing to the front, and 
 heard more— it was too dark to see— of the hon-orsof war than I had witnessed 
 from the battle of Bull Run up to that day. In the wagons were men wound- 
 
HI8T0BY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 373' 
 
 ed and mutilated in every conceivable way. Some had their legs shattered by 
 a shell or miuie-ball; some were shot through their bodies; others had arms 
 torn to shreds; some had received a ball in the face, or a jagged piece of shell 
 had lacerated their heads. Scarcely one in a hundred had received adequate 
 surgical aid. Many had been without food for thirty-six hours. Their ragged, 
 bloody and dirty clothes, all clotted and hardened with blood, were rasping 
 the tender, inflamed lips of their gaping wounds. Very few of the wagons 
 had even straw in them, and all were without springs. The road was rough 
 a.,d rocky. The jolting was enough to have killed sound, strong men. From 
 nearly every wagon, as the horses trotted on, such cries and shrieks as these 
 greeted the ear: 'Oh God! why can't I die?' 'My God! will no one have 
 m •■ 3 and kill me and end my misery?' 'Oh! stop one minute and take me 
 out and leave me to die on the roadside.' 'lam dying! I am dying! My 
 poor wife! my dear children! what will become of you?' Some were praying, 
 others were uttering the most fearful oaths and execrations that despair could 
 wring from them in their agony. Occasionally a wagon would be passed 
 from which only low, deep moans and sobs could be heard. No help could be 
 rendered to any of the sufferers. On, on; we must move on. The storm con- 
 tinued and the darkness was fearful. There was no time to fill even a canteen 
 with water for a dying man ; for, except the drivers and the guards disposed 
 in compact bodies every half mile, all were wounded and helpless in that vast 
 train of misery. The night was awful, and yet it was our safety, for no enemy 
 would dare attack us when he could not distinguish friend from foe. We 
 knew that when day broke upon us we would be harrassed by bands of cavalry 
 hanging on our flanks. Therefore our aim was to go as far as possible under 
 cover of the night, and so we kept on. It was my sad lot to pass the whole 
 distance from the rear to the head of the column, and no language can convey 
 an idea of the horrors of that most horrible of all nights of our long and bloody 
 war. 
 
 ' ' Daybreak on the morning of the 5th found the head of our column at; 
 Greencastle, twelve or fifteen miles from the Potomac at Williamsport, our 
 point of crossing. Here our apprehended troubles from the Union cavalry 
 began. From the fields and cross-roads they attacked us in small bodies, 
 striking the column where there were few or no guards, and creating great 
 confusion. 
 
 "To add still farther to our perplexities, a report was brought that the Fed- 
 erals in large force held WDliamsport. This fortunately proved untrue. Af- 
 ter a great deal of harrassing and desultory fighting along the road, nearly 
 the whole immense train reached Williamsport a little after the middle of the 
 day. The town was taken possession of; all the churches, schoolhouses, etc., 
 were converted into hospitals, and, proving insufficient, many of the private 
 houses were occupied. Straw was obtained on the neighboring farms; the 
 wounded were removed from the wagons and housed; the citizens were all put 
 to cooking, and the army surgeons to dressing wounds. The dead were selected 
 from the train — for many had perished on the way — and were decently buried. 
 All this had to be done because the tremendous rains had raised the river more 
 than ten feet above the fording stage, and we could not possibly cross. 
 
 "Our situation was frightful. We had over 10,000 animals and all the 
 wagons of Gen. Lee's army under our charge, and all the wounded that could 
 be brought from Gettysburg. Our supply of provisions consisted of a few 
 wagon loads of flour and a small lot of cattle. My effective force was only 
 about 2, 100 men and twenty odd field pieces. We did not know where our 
 army was; the river could not be crossed; and small parties of cavalry were 
 
374 HISTOET OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 still h 37 5. i^g arouad. The means of ferriage consisted of two small boats 
 an3 a small wire rope stretched across the river, which, owing to the force of 
 the swollen current, broke several timas during the day. To reduce the space 
 to be defended as much as possible, all the wagons and animals were parked 
 olose together on the river bank. 
 
 " Believing that an attack would soon be made upon us, I ordered the wag- 
 oners to be mustered, and. taking three out of every four, organized them into 
 companies, and armed them with the weapons of the wounded men found in 
 the train. By this means I added to my effective force about 500 men. 
 Slightly wound 3d offisers promptly volunteered their services to command these 
 improvised soldiers; and many of our quartermasters and commissaries did the 
 same thing. We ware UDt seriously molested on the 5th; but next morning 
 aboat 9 o'clock infor.natioa reached ma that a large body of cavalry from 
 Frederick, Md., was raTidly advancing to attack us. As we could not retreat 
 further, it was at once frankly made known to the troops that unless we could 
 repal the threatened attack we should all become prisoners, and that the loss 
 of his whole transportattoa would probably ruin Gen. Lee; for it could not be 
 replaced for many months, if at all, in the then exhausted condition of the 
 Confederate States. So far from repressing the ardor of the troops, this frank 
 announcement of our peril inspired all with the utmost enthusiasm. Men and 
 offijers alike, forgetting the sufferings of the past few days, proclaimed their 
 detarmination to drive back the attacking force or perish in the attempt. All 
 told, we were less than 3,000 men. The advancing force we knew to be more 
 •than double ours, consisting, as we had ascertained, of five regular and eight 
 volunteer regiments of cavalry, with eighteen guns, all under the command of 
 ■Gen. 's Buford and Kilpatrick. We had no works of any kind; the country 
 was open and almost level, and there was no advantage of position we could 
 occupy. It must necessarily be a square stand-up fight, face to face. We had 
 twanty-two field guns of various calibre, and one Whitworth. These were dis- 
 posed in batteries, in a semi-circle, about one mile out of the village, on the 
 summit of a very slight rising ground that lies back of the town. Except the 
 artillery, our troops were held out of view of the assailants, and ready to be 
 moved promptly to any menaced point along the whole line of nearly two miles 
 in extent. Knowing that nothing could save us but a bold "bluff" game, 
 orders had been given to the artillery, as soon as the advancing forces came 
 -within range, to open tire along the whole line, and keep it up with the utmost 
 rapidity. A little after 1 o'clock they appeared on two roads in our front, and 
 ■our batteries opened. They soon had their guns in position, and a very lively 
 artillery fight began. We fired with great rapidity, and in less than an hour two 
 of our batteries reported that their ammunition was exhausted. This would 
 have been fatal to us but for the opportune arrival, at the critical moment, of 
 Bn ammunition train from Winchester. The wagons were ferried across to our 
 side as soon as possible, and driven on the field in a gallop to supply the silent 
 guns. Not having men to occupy half our line they were moved up in order 
 of battle, first to one battery, then withdrawn and double-quicked to another, 
 but out of view of our assailants till they could be shown at some other point 
 on om- Ime. By this maneuvering we made the impression that we had a 
 strong supporting force in rear of all oar guns along the entire front. To test 
 this. Gens. Buford and Kilpatrick dismounted five regiments and advanced 
 them on foot on our right. We concentrated there all the men we had 
 wagoners and all, and thus, with the aid of the united fire of all our 
 guns directed at the advancing line, we drove it back, and rushed for- 
 ward two of our batteries 400 or 500 yards farther to the front This 
 
HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 375 
 
 boldness prevented another charge, and the fight was continued till near 
 eunset with the artillery. About that time Gen. Fitz Hugh Lee sent a message 
 from toward Greencastle, that if we could hold out an hour he would re-enforce 
 us with 3,000 men. This intelligence elicited a loud and long continued cheer 
 along our whole line, which was heard and understood by our adversaries, 
 as we learned from prisoners taken. A few minutes later Gen. J. E. B. Stu- 
 art, advancing from Hagerstown, fell unexpectedly upon the rear of their 
 right wing, and in ten minutes they were in rapid retreat by their left flank in 
 the direction of Boonsboro. Night coming on enabled them to escape. 
 
 " By extraordinary good fortune, we had thus saved all of Gen. Lee's trains. 
 A bold charge at any time before sunset would have broken our feeble lines, 
 and we should all have fallen an easy prey to the Federals. This came to be 
 known as ' the wagoners' fight ' in our army, from the fact that so many of 
 them were armed, and did such gallant service in repelling the attack made on 
 our right by the dismounted regiments. 
 
 ' • Our defeat that day would have been an irreparable blow to Gen. Lee, in 
 the loss of all his transportation. Every man engaged knew this, and probably 
 in no fight in the war was there a more determined spirit shown, than by this 
 handful of cooped-up troops. The next day our army from Gettysburg arrived, 
 and the country is familiar with the manner in which it escaped across the Po- 
 tomac, on the night of the 9th. 
 
 ' ' It may be interesting to repeat one or two facts to show the peril in which 
 we were until the river could be bridged. About 4,000 prisoners, taken at 
 Gettysburg, were ferried across the river by the morning of the 9th, and I was 
 ordered to guard them to Staunton. Before we had proceeded two miles, I re- 
 ceived a note from Gen. Lee, to report to him in person immediately. I rode 
 to the river, was ferried over, and galloped out toward Hagerstown. As I 
 proceeded, I became satisfied that a serious demonstration was making along 
 our front, from the heavy artillery firing extending for a long distance along 
 the line. I overtook Gen. Lee riding to the front near Hagerstown. He im- 
 mediately reined up, and remarked, that he believed I was familiar with all 
 the fords of the Potomac above Williamsport, and the roads approaching them. 
 I replied that I knew them perfectly. He then called up some one of his staff 
 to write down my answers to his questions, and required me to name all fords 
 as high up as Cumberland, and describe minutely their character, and the roads 
 and surrounding country on both sides of the river, and directed me to send 
 my brother. Col. Imboden, to him to act as a guide with his regiment, if he 
 should be compelled to retreat higher up the river to cross it. His situation 
 was then very precarious. When about parting from him to recross the river, 
 and move on with the prisoners, he told me, they would probably be rescued 
 before I reached Winchester, my guard was so small, and he expected a force 
 of cavalry would cross at Harper's Perry to cut us off; and he could not spare 
 to me any additional troops, as he might be hard pressed, before he got over 
 the river, which was still very much swollen by the rains. Referring to the 
 high water, he laughingly inquired: 'Does it ever quit raining about here? 
 If so, I should like to see a clear day. ' 
 
 " These incidents go to show how near Gettysburg came to ending the war 
 in 1863. If we had been successful in that battle, the probabilities are that 
 Baltimore and Washington would at once have fallen into our hands; and at 
 that time there was so large a 'peace party' in the North, that the Federal 
 Government would have found it difficult, if not impossible, to carry on the 
 war. Gen. Lee's opinion was, that we lost the battle because Pickett was not 
 supported ' as he was to have been. ' On the other hand, if Gens. Buford 
 
376 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 and Kilpatrick had captured the 10,000 animals, and all the transportation of 
 Lee's army at Williamsport, it would have been an irreparable loss, and would 
 probably have led to the fall of Richmond in the autumn of 1863. On such 
 small circumstances do the affairs of nations sometimes turn. ' ' 
 
 The infantry forces retreated by Itie way of Monterey, Rouzersville, 
 Waynesboro and Leitersburg, the supply trains being sent on an interior 
 line. 
 
 One of the most important events connected with the retreat was Gen. Kil ■ 
 Patrick's capture of about nine miles of the rebel supply train. The plans 
 for this important work were matured at the Monterey House, then kept by 
 David Miller, now the popular manager and proprietor of the Clermont 
 House. 
 
 Two columns were sent out, one piloted by Mr. C. H. Buhrman from Mon- 
 terey, via Blue Summit, through devious ways, the thunder and lightning of 
 that dark and stormy night affording proper accompaniments; the other from 
 the present Clermont House across to the Gum Spring or Furnance road, 
 thence along its line to the interception of the Baltimore pike near the toll- 
 gate. These troops, operating from different directions, captured many hun- 
 dred prisoners, and cut down and burned many hundred wagons burdened with 
 pork, flour and other articles captured by the rebels from Pennsylvanians. This 
 event, which Gen. Kilpatrick regarded one of his most brilliant achievements, 
 and which was the most noted encounter had on Franklin County soil, is not 
 generally understood. Two Franklin County civilians, viz. : David Miller and 
 Chas. H. Buhrman, performed meritorious services, for which they have, hith 
 erto, had no recognition. The following letter of Mr. Buhrman, written in 
 reply to some inquiries concerning his duty as a pilot of the First Vermont 
 Cavalry, and published originally in the Valley Spirit, will explain itself, and 
 prove interesting to citizens and ex- soldiers: 
 
 ,, ^ „ „ RouzKRViLLE, Penn., October 13, 1886. 
 
 Mb. J. Fbaise Richard, 
 
 Bear Sir: Your favor of the 11th inst. received, and questions answered as far as I. 
 can remember. I lived at that time at Fountain Dale, Adams Co., Penn., two miles east 
 of Monterey Spnngs, on the turnpike leading to Emmittsbuig. I found out through a 
 man by the name of James Embley, wno came to my place and told me that Lee's wa^on 
 train was retreating by way of the Furnace road, a mountain road leading from Fairfield 
 to the turnpike, coming on the pike at the toll-gate near Monterey Springs. That was ou 
 baturday afternoon, about 3 o'clock, July 4, 1863, as near as I can remember. 
 
 When I found out that Lee's wagon train was retreating, I mounted a horse and 
 started to inform our cavalry, which I supposed would be at Bmmittsburg. But two 
 miles below my place I came to the Yankee pickets, and with them was one of Kilr.iit- 
 rick s scouts that I was well acquainted with. 1 told him of the wagon train retreating; he 
 sent me to Gen. Custer, and Custer sent me to Gen. Kilpatrick. At that time thev were 
 Tu«t planting a cannon to sl^iell the rebels on McMuUin's Hill. When I informed Gen. 
 ^ilpatrick he ordered an advance at once to Monterey. I rode with the General as far as 
 S?i tw'K T™lf%^\^T of Monterey. .Just before getting to my place we met a little 
 t^n Mo.fo?»l^ ^""^V^^' K^?° "F-, ^^^ ^°^^ ™«^' ^""^ toW me to tell the soldiers not to go 
 wnnlH Ml Iii^.l^^ ^f-^^'' ^'^^ P'\°''='^ ^^^ P''^" f"" "^ cannous in front of Monterey and 
 tw Wr, „i ""^'f ' '^'"'" ^^^y S"' *'^°''^- Kilpatrick laughed and remarked that 
 
 thpf i?c • ? '''^T^ of cannons, as they just rode over them. When I got to the gate 
 me tf ^o withX^^'^M '° '^ '^^ General I lived there, and would stop; but he requested 
 r^bel St, at X™"'"'^ ""l^ ''? ^^^^•'J"' sol went with him. Ve ran against the 
 darkin ^hplv^ni^i Tff • ^ 'i'^?^^^'°^ ^ mle east of Monterey. It was then getting 
 fourshot^ wftW^V,. h"P^''?^°'^^™^''' ''^°"' 150 y"ds the rebels fired three or 
 don'tthinkTh^vfin?H „^v Tt'-f'/'-'f-'^"" P^l?^*^ "P their battery and retreated. I 
 „^5 V*^'"^ '"''y f"l<^4 "ny of Kilpatnck's men with the battery, as tliev fired too soon 
 and the grape and canist.^- went over our men's heads; but it midesom J of our men re- 
 treat, and caused a great deal of confusion. I told Kilpatrick if he would d^sZunt a 
 
 tK«e?y°'&e di" so'bu°tThev h^^'^t °' ''A"°2^«' ^« -uld flankThem andTa'uur: 
 me Dattery. He did so. but they had retreated by the time our men got to Monterey 
 
, JAc^j^^^^ 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 37 !> 
 
 Kilpatrick asked me whieli way I thought the wagon train was going, and where I 
 supposed they would strike the river. I told him they could go by Smithsburg and 
 Boonsboro, and cross the river at Sharpsburg, or go by Leitersburg and Hagerstown and 
 cross at Williamsport. He asked me if there was any road that I knew of that I could 
 take a regiment and head off that wagon train. I told him there was. That I could take 
 them by Mount Zion and then downthe Raven Rock Hollow and strike Smithsburg, and 
 if they had not taken that road, we could cross to Leitersburg and there we would strike 
 them for certain. It was the 1st Vermont regiment, commanded by Colonel Preston that 
 I was with. When we got to Smithsburg we found everything quiet, as the Rebels had 
 taken the Leitersburg road. The Colonel asked me what was to be done now, as 
 there were no Rebels there. I told him we would find plenty of them before daylight, as 
 we must strike them at Leitersburg. We got to Leiiersburg about daybreak on Sunday 
 morning, finding the road crowded with Rebels, cattle, horses, wagons, etc. 
 
 The regiment I was with captured a great many prisoners, cattle, horses, etc., iind 
 destroyed the wagon train from Leitersburg back to Ringgold. There they met the re- 
 mainder of Kilpatrick's cavalry. They had destroyed the wagon train from Monterey to 
 Ringgold, a distance of six miles, and from Ringgold to Leitersburg, a distance of three 
 miles more, making nine miles of wagon train captured or burned or destroyed by cut- 
 ting off wagon tongues and cutting spokes in wheels. I am not able to say how much, if 
 any, of the wagon train was destroyed between Leitersburg and Hagerstown, as I went 
 only as far as Leitersburg with the 1st Vermont regiment, when it divided, part going 
 toward Hagerstown, and part toward Ringgold. I went with the part that went toward 
 Ringgold, as that was on my way home. I left them about 8 o'clock on Sunday morn- 
 ing, and started home by way of Ringgold. 
 
 Before I got to Ringgold I was taken by Kilpatrick's pickets. They took me for a 
 Rebel, and all I could say would not change their opinion, as they would not believe any- 
 thing I said. They took me to the schoolhouse at Ringgold, where the officers had their 
 headquarters; but as soon as the officers saw me they recognized me, having seen me with 
 Kilpatrick the evening before. After leaving Ringgold on my way home, on going u|3 a 
 hill near the farm of George Harbaugh, when I got to the top of the hill the Rebels were 
 coming up the other side. I saw them when I was about 100 yards from them; turned 
 my horse and rode slowly until I got down the hill far enough that they could not see mp. 
 Then I ran my horse to the foot of the hill and left the road and got in the woods and 
 got away from them. I kept the woods until I came to the Germantown road, near the 
 Germantown schoolhouse; then took a near cut through the swamp and came out on the 
 Sabillasville road, near Monterey.'but the Rebel pickets were stationed near Monterey at 
 a turn in the lane. They saw me first, and had dismounted and gone around the turn of 
 the lane. I could not see them for a veiy large cherry tree that stood at the corner of 
 the lane. They let me ride up within about sixty yards of them, when four of thera 
 stepped around the turn. of the lane and told me to halt. There was an orchard on the 
 left side of the road and a high post fence on each side. I knew my horse could not 
 jump the fence, and I did not dare to turn him and go back, as it was a straight lane for 
 a quarter of a mile and they would have easily hit me if I had made the attempt. One 
 of them called to me to dismount, and, as I was near the orchard fence, I " dismounted " 
 over the fence' and did some good running from that to the Pine Swamp, about one-fourth 
 of a mile. They shot four times at me, but missed me. I heard the balls whistle over 
 my head, as it was down hill and they shot over mo. I lost my horse, saddle and bridle. 
 I was in the swamp only a few minutes until they were there; but as the bushes were 
 very thick, I soon got away from them and kept the woods until I got home, two miles 
 from there. It was then two or three o'clock on Sunday afternoon. I was at home only 
 a few minutes when I saw the Rebel cavalry coming to my house. They took a near cut 
 from Clermont, and came down the old road. They saw me at the same time I saw them. 
 I passed in my front door and out my back door. 
 
 My orchard runs right back of my house, and one of my horses was standing under 
 an apple tree near the house. I mounted the horse and got to the mountain before they 
 were aware that I was not in the house. They searched the house from garret to cellar, 
 and told my wife if they foimd me they would hang me to the first tree they came to. 
 When I got to the mountain I made a halter out of hickory bark, and saved the horse in 
 that way, as they did not find him. I kept myself hid until after the retreat of Lee's 
 army, but lost three horses and nine head of cattle by being away. I have given you the 
 facts as near as I can remember. 
 
 Yours very respectfully, 
 
 C. H. BUHRMAN. 
 
 Some weeks ago the Valley Spirit kindly published for the compiler of 
 this work an interesting personal letter from Mr. Charles H. Buhrman, giv- 
 ing an account of the only great military engagement which occurred with- 
 in the limits of Franklin County, and which resulted in the destruction of a 
 
380 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 large part of Ewell' s wagon train on its retreat from the bloody field of Get- 
 tysburg. That engagement, let it be remembered, occurred on the mountain 
 and in the Cumberland Valley, from Monterey through Kouzersville and Eing- 
 gold to and beyond Leitersburg. From the official report of Brig. -Gen. iJud- 
 sou Kilpatrick, commanding the Third Division of the cavalry corps, dated 
 August 10, 1863, is taken the following: 
 
 ' ' On the morning of the 4th I received orders from Headquarters Cavalry 
 Corps to move with my division to Emmittsburg, where I would find Col. 
 Huey's brigade of Brig. -Gen. Gregg's division; that Lee's army had evacu- 
 ated Gettysburg at 3 o'clock that morning; that a heavy train of wagons was 
 moving on the road to Hagerstown; that I was expected to take with me my 
 ■entire division and the brigade referred to, destroy this train and operate on 
 the enemy's rear and flanks. We reached Emmittsburg at 3 P. M. (Col. 
 Huey's brigade joined the division at this place). Without halting passed on 
 the road to Monterey, intending to cross the mountain at that point. Stuart' a 
 cavalry was at Miller' s. We forced him off the road and j)assed on. The top 
 of the mountain had nearly been gained, when the enemy opened on the ad- 
 vance with artillery and infantry. At the same time the rear, under Col. 
 Huey, was attacked by Stuart's cavalry. On my left was a deep ravine, and 
 on my right a steep, rugged mountain, and a road too narrow to reverse even 
 a gun; to add to this unpleasant position it was raining in torrents. 
 
 ■" Never under such perilous circumstances did a command behave better; 
 not a word was spoken; there was no confusion. From a farmer's boy I 
 learned the nature of the road and country on the mountain, made my dispo- 
 sition and ordered a charge; in a moment the heights were gained and many 
 prisoners taken. Now the rumble of the enemy's train could be heard roll- 
 ing down the mountain. The enemy was in position half a niile further on, 
 at the intersection of the road from Gettysburg to Hagerstown, upon which I 
 was moving [viz., near the toUgate — K.]. The enemy's infantry and 
 artillery were approaching rapidly on the Gettysburg road, and he had 
 already opened on my position with two guns. No time was to be lost if I 
 wished to reach the train and save my command. Pennington, always ready, 
 always willing, quickly came into position and returned the enemy's fire. 
 Gen. Custer's brigade was ordered to move forward, clear the road, and attack 
 the train. The attack was successful. 
 
 ' ' In the meantime the First Vermont Cavalry (Lieut. -Col. Preston) had been 
 sent along the mountain over a wood road to Smithsburg, and thence to Ha- 
 gerstown [should be Leitersburg— R.], to intercept the train. A strong force 
 of dismounted men and two guns of Pennington's battery were now sent on 
 the road in direction of Gettysburg to barricade the road and hold the enemy 
 in check until the column had passed. Many fierce but unsuccessful attempts 
 were made on this position during the night. At daylight the whole command 
 had safely passed, and Ewell' s large train was entirely destroyed; save eight 
 forges, thirty wagons, and a few ambulances loaded with wounded rebel offi- 
 cers (sent with prisoners to Frederick City). 
 
 " At 9 A. M. on the 5th the command reached Smithsburg with 1,360 pris- 
 oners, one battle flag, and a large number of horses and mules, several hun- 
 dred of the enemy's wounded being left upon the field. We lost five killed, 
 including one commissioned officer, ten wounded, and twenty-eight missing." 
 
 In a recent communication to the Spint, reference was made briefly to the 
 part taken in this important engagement by a Franklin County man, David 
 Miller. 'The following is an interesting letter from Mr. Miller, which will 
 become a historical supplement to the communication of Mr. Buhrman- 
 
HISTOKY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 381 
 
 Clermont, Penn., November 23, 1886. 
 Prop. J. Fraise Richard, 
 
 Dear Sir — In auswer to your letter concerning the capture of Lee s wagon train by 
 <3en. Kilpatrick on the night of July 4, and morning of the 5th, 1863, I beg to say Ire- 
 member it very distinctly. 
 
 My father rented Monterey Springs from Mr. Samuel Buhrman and Itept the house 
 from April, 1861, to April, 1866. Monterey being on the turnpike, at the top of South 
 Mountain, is the main crossmg in the southeastern part of Franklin County, Penn., and 
 was resorted to in times of rebel invasions by not only many persons of Washington and 
 Antrim Townships of this county, but by many from Washington County, Maryland, and 
 the Valley of Virginia. At this place, in times of danger, pickets were always placed 
 fmm the Monterey House to the western side of the mountain to give notice if the rebels 
 were approaching. 
 
 At the time of the battle of Gettysburg a large number of people were here anxiously 
 awaiting news from the field of carnage, which could be seen from the adjacent hills. On 
 the afternoon of July 4. a company of rebel cavalry came to Monterey from the toUgate, 
 about half a mile on the western side, where the old Furnace road intersects the turnpike, 
 over which roads the train was passing. After staying an hour or longer they left, and 
 soim a rebel battery came from the same direction and placed a cannon on the turnpike 
 between the house and barn. Another party was stationed farther east where the Cler- 
 mont house now is ami the pike commences to descend the mountain. 
 
 They kept all the persons at the Monterey as prisoners, placing a guard over them at 
 the house. They gave my nephew, Willie Waddull, and myself privilege to go wherever 
 we wished, to look after tilings, but required us to report every fifteen minutes to Sergt. 
 ■Grabill, who was stationed at the front door of tlie house. About dusk I saw a great deal 
 •of commotion among them and asked some of the soldiers what was going on. "Oh 
 nothing! Just you report to Sergt. Grabill," was the reply. I came to the house and 
 asked Willie Waddell whether he knew what was going on. " Yes, " said ho, " I just came 
 down from the observatory on the top of the house and could hear the Union troops com- 
 ing up the mountain." 
 
 Very soon the cannonading commenced, but did not last long. The rebels hitched 
 Worses to their cannon and went toward the toUgate on a run, Sergt. Grabill not waiting 
 for any one to report to him. One of the first men I met after the arrival of the Union 
 troops was Gen. Custer, who. after questioning me. called Gen. Kilpatrick standing 
 ■near. Gen. Kilpatrick asked me the distance to the foot of the mountain on the west- 
 ern side and wliether troops could march on both sides of the turnpike. I told him they 
 could as far as the toUgate. He immediately ordered a cannon to be placed in front of 
 the Monterey house to throw shells after the retreating rebels. At the same time he 
 ordered a regiment to march after them. The officer in command said he could not go 
 ■while they were throwing shell in the rear of his men. Kilpatrick said, "Yes you can," 
 and at the same directed the officer in charge of the cannon to throw his shells high so 
 that there would be no danger to the Union troops. The rebels returned the fire for a 
 time from the neighborhood of the tollgate, but when the Union troops approached they 
 ceased. 
 
 Kilpatrick Inquired of me whetlier there was any other road by which he could get to 
 the foot of the mountain. I informed him of the Mount Zion road to Smilhsburg and 
 Leitersburg, the distance to the former place being eight miles, to the latter eleven. He 
 then asked me whether I knew of any one acquainted with the road who would go as a 
 guide. I had seen Mr. C. H. Buhrman with the soldiers when they came to Monterey, I 
 said, "Mr. Buhrman is the man for you." Mr. Buhrman being called up. Gen. Kilpatrick 
 aslied him whether he knew the Mount Zion road to Smithsburg and Leitersburg and 
 whether he cotild find it such a dark night; if so, whether he would go as a guide for a 
 regiment. Mr. Buhrman said he knew the road well, could find it no matter how dark 
 the night, and would go as a guide. 
 
 Calling Col. Preston, Gen. Kilpatrick informed him that Mr. Buhrman would act as 
 his guide. Soon the tramping of horses began through mud and rain in one of the dark- 
 est nights I ever knew. As soon as Col. Preston had started. Gen. Kilpatrick ordered a 
 lieutenant, with James McCulloh as guide, to go past the Benchoff farm to the old Furnace 
 road to cut off that portion of the train between the Gum Spring and the turnpike, which 
 added one and a half milesmore to the part already attacked, and from which they brought 
 from seventy-five to one hundred prisoners to Monterey. Tlie cannonading continued for 
 several hours as our troops were descending the western side of the mountain. By duy- 
 light on Sunday morning, July o. Gen. Kilpatrick, with all his troops and prisoners except 
 a few who were too badly wounded to be moved, had leftMonterey. One of these wounded 
 died soon after. 
 
 I never knew any one to direct movements so rapidly as Gen. Kilpatrick did that 
 night, nor men so eager to follow as were the Union soldiers. There never was a greater 
 victory under sach adverse circumstancos with the loss of so small a number of men. 
 
 Respectfully yours, David Miller. 
 
382 HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Morrow Burns, of Washington Township, and several of his neighbors, 
 John Ohler, Daniel Hollinger, Dick Bonebrake, Hugh Sibbett and others from 
 Waynesboro, were captured by the rebels on Saturday evening and held as 
 prisoners during the period of heaviest cannonading, very much to their per- 
 sonal discomfort. Citizens along the line from Rouzersville to Leiteraburg re- 
 member very vividly the pyrotechnic display of July 4 and 5, 1863, made by 
 the burning of rebel wagons thoroughly supplied with the pork and flour 
 of Pennsylvania farmers; but in the future they prefer to have their celebra- 
 tions under the direction of men pursuing peaceful callings. 
 
 Many minor skirmishes occurred within the county, during the invasion, 
 which can only be referred to. Capt. Dahlgreen dashed upon Greencastle 
 during the days of fighting at Gettysburg, and captured a number of prisoners 
 and a large amount of important mail matter being sent to the front. Near 
 the Caledonia Iron Works, recently destroyed. Gen. Gregg's command had a 
 brush with Imboden's regular guard. At Cearfoos' Cross-roads, Capt. 
 Jones' command made a spirited attack on Imboden's guard, and did consid- 
 erable execution. 
 
 The self-confident, boastful spirit, which characterized the rebel army on 
 the advance, was materially modified during the retreat. Citizens along the 
 line took no little pleasure in taunting them with the remarkable change that 
 had occurred; then, too, greater lawlessness characterized the conduct of the 
 soldiers on the retreat. Defeated, disheartened and hungry, they were reck- 
 less in their demands for money and supplies, and committed upon the people 
 indignities that would have received severe punishment on the advance. 
 
 Lee's army crossed the Potomac into Virginia at Falling Waters and 
 Williamsport, on the 13th of July, and thus ended, in defeat and extensive 
 ruin of his army, Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania.* 
 
 si' CAUSLANd' S INVASION AND BURNING OF CHAMBEKSBURG, 1864. 
 
 It was hoped that Lee's invasion would end the scourgings inflicted upon 
 Franklin County; not so, however. The severest ordeal of all was yet to be 
 passed through; but in this case, the blow fell especially upon the county's 
 capital in the year of its first centennial. One hundred years had elapsed 
 since Col. Benjamin Chambers had laid out the town, the beautiful town of 
 Chambersburg. They were years of change and growth, of adversity and 
 prosperity, of peace and joy. How suddenly, however, the happy remem- 
 brances of the past were embittered by the overpowering afflictions of the 
 present. 
 
 Maj. -Gen. D. N. Couch was in command of the department of the Sus- 
 quehanna, and expected to defend the border from rebel raids with only a few 
 hundred men. As rapidly as he secured and organized regiments of volunteers, 
 they were ordered elsewhere by the secretary of war, leaving him utterly 
 helpless. Under these unfavorable circumstances the raid of 1864 was made. 
 Gen. Early was, at this time, commanding the Shenandoah region, having 
 been sent by Gen. Lee, with a corps, to expel Gen. Hunter, the successor of 
 Gen. Siegel in the valley. On account of lack of ammunition. Hunter fell 
 back, giving Early opportunity to move at will. Having crossed the Potomac, 
 he moved rapidly on Washington, defeating Gen. Lew Wallace at the Monoc- 
 aey; but being checkmated by the gathering forces around the capital city, 
 he returned with his plunder through Snicker's Gap, and concentrated his 
 troops around Martinsburg. Gen. Huator, having returned from his wild 
 
 *The reader is recotauieoded to read .Jacob Hoke's " ..emioiscences of the War," and •' The Great Inva- 
 sion," two valuable contributions to the literature of the civil war. To these sources the writer hereof is 
 greatly indebted and takes this occasion to make proper acknowledgment. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 383 
 
 ^oose chase, was occupying the north bank of the Potomac, with Averill's cav- 
 alry on his right flank, to confront Gen. McCausland's cavalry on Early's left. 
 
 On the 28th of July, Gen. Early ordered Brig. -Gen. John A. McCausland 
 to proceed with his own brigade of mounted infantry, and the cavalry brigade 
 of Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, aggregating about 2,900 men, to Chambersburg, 
 and after capturing it, demand a tribute of 1100,000 in gold, or $500,000 in 
 greenbacks. In default of either propositioij, he was to burn the town. On 
 the ensuing night, he captured the seven Union pickets along the river, and the 
 next morning, turning Averill's right, started on his raid. He met no oppo- 
 sition of any consequence, as his command moved rapidly, by way of Clear 
 Spring and Mercersburg, to the doomed town. It may be wise to allow Gen. 
 McCausland to tell his own story: 
 
 " We reached Chambersburg by daylight on the 30th. The approach to the 
 town was defended only by one piece of artillery, and some regular troops, that 
 were soon driven off, and the advance of our force took possession of the town. 
 The main part of the two brigades was formed in line on the high ground 
 overlooking the town. I at once went into the place with my staff, and re- 
 quested some of the citizens to inform the city authorities that I wanted to see 
 them. I also sent my staff through the town, to find out where the proper of- 
 ficials were, and inform, them that I had a proclama'tion for their consideration. 
 Not one could be found. I then directed the proclamation to be read to many 
 of the citizens that were near me, and requested them to hunt up their officers, 
 informing them I would wait until they could either find them, or, by consul- 
 tation among themselves, determine what they would do. Finally, I informed 
 them, that I would wait six hours, and if they would comply with the requisi- 
 tion, their town would be safe; and, in case they did not, it would be destroyed 
 in accordance with my orders from Gen. Early. After a few hours of delay, 
 many citizens came to me; some were willing to pay the money, others were 
 not. I urged them to comply, with such reasons as occurred to me at the time, 
 and told them plainly what they might expect. I showed to my own officers 
 the written instructions of Gen. Early, and before a single house was destroyed, 
 both the citizens and the Confederate officers, that were present, fully under- 
 stood why it was done, and by whose orders. After waiting until the expira- 
 tion of the six hours, and finding that the proclamation would not be complied 
 with, the destruction of the town was begun by firing the most central blocks 
 first, and after the inhabitants had been removed from them. Thus the town 
 was destroyed, and the inhabitants driven to the hills and fields adjacent there- 
 to. No lives were lost by the citizens, and only one soldier was killed, and he 
 was killed after the troops left the vicinity of the place. About noon the 
 troops were reformed on the high ground overlooking the town, where most of 
 them had been posted in the early morning, and the return to the Potomac was 
 begun shortly afterward. We encamped at McConnellsburg that night, and 
 reached the river the next day, at or near Hancock, Md. " 
 
 Gen. McCausland is very desirous, it seems, to escape from the responsi- 
 bility of this act of vandalism. He throws the burden upon Gen. Jubal A. 
 Early, his superior officer, who had exercised upon Pennsylvanians, the pre- 
 vious year, his propensity to indulge in pyrotechnic displays, at the expense* 
 of his enemies. 
 
 The following is substantially the authority which McCausland had for his 
 diabolical acts, the order having been read in the presence of a number of 
 prominent men of Chambersbui'g : 
 
 To GEtf. J. McCausI/.vnd; You are hereby ordei-ed to proceed with such forces as 
 will be detailed, and as rapidly as possible, to the towu of Cliambersburg. Penn.. and de- 
 
384 HISTOKY OF FEANK^LIN COUNTY. 
 
 mand of the authoi-ities the sum of {103.033 in goM.or in lien tliRreof the sum of $500,000^ 
 in greenbacks, and in Oiise tliis demand is not complieJ wiih. tlien in retaliation for the 
 buniinc: of seven properties of pL'acjfnl inhabitants of the valley of Virginia, by order, of 
 the Federal Gen. Hunter, you will proceed to burn the town of Chambersburg and rapidly 
 return to this point. 
 
 Signed: J- A. Early, 
 
 General Commanding. 
 
 But Gen. Early has not been wanting in acknowledging his responsibility 
 for the act. In a number of letters, he has assumed the burden. His reasons 
 are substantially that Gen. Hunter, h iving destroyed many private and pub- 
 lic buildings in the Shenandoah Valley, and other Union officers having com- 
 mitted similar acts of destruction in the Southern States, he ' ' determined to 
 demand compensation therefor from some town in Pennsylvania, and in the 
 event of failure to comply, to retaliate by burning said town. The town of 
 Chambersburg was selected because it was the only one of any consequence 
 accessible to his troops, and for no other reason." Notwithstanding Gen. 
 Early's affirmations, there are many who insist that several other reasons lor 
 the burning exist: First. To retaliate for the supposed sympathy that har- 
 bored John Brown in 1859 while he was making his preparations for the raid 
 upon Harper' s Ferry. Second. That the money accruing from the levy, had it 
 been paid, would have been very acceptable to the rebel officers who had been 
 fighting for years for glory never to be realized, and money likely to continue 
 at a ruinous discount. 
 
 The tribute was not and could not be paid. While McCausland and his 
 major, Harry Gilmore, were endeavoring by persuasion and threats to intimi- 
 date the people into compliance with their demands, the rebel soldiers were 
 engaged in an indiscriminate robbery of the people in all parts of the town. 
 Hats, caps, boots, shoes, watches, silverware, clothing — everything of value 
 was taken by the horde, under penalty of summary vengeance should their 
 owners dare to refuse. Infuriated by the refusal of the people to pay the re- 
 quired sum, Gilmore arrested Thos. B. Kennedy, J. McDowell Sharpe, W^ill- 
 iam McClellan, Dr. J. C. Richards, William H. McDowell, W. S. Everett, E. 
 G. Etter and M. A. Foltz, and announced his purpose to take them to Rich- 
 mond as hostages for the payment of the money. In the meantime, however, 
 the work of tiring had comnlenced in at least fifty different places; and these 
 gentlemen were released when it was discovered that the plan of intimidation 
 was unsuccessful. 
 
 Col. A. K. McClure, in the Franklin Repository, of August 24, 1864, relates 
 the following: " The main part of the town was enveloped in flames in ten 
 minutes. No time was given to remove women or children or sick, or oven 
 the dead. No notice of the kind was communicated to any one ; but like in 
 furiated fiends from hell itself, the work of destruction was commenced. They 
 did not have anything to learn in their hurried tirade— they proved experts in 
 their calling. They divided into squads and fired everv other house, and often 
 every house, if they presented any prospect of plunder. They would bur.-,t in 
 the door with iron bars or heavy plank, smash up any furniture with an ax 
 throw fluid or oil upon it, and apply the match. They almost invariably entered 
 every room of each house, rifled the drawers of every bureau, appropriated 
 money, jewelry, watches and any other valuables, and often would present pis- 
 tols at the heads of inmates, men and women, and demand money or thoir 
 lives. In nearly half the instances they demanded owners to ransom their 
 property, and m a few cases it was done and the property burned Tiuv main 
 object of the men seemed to be plunder. Not a house escaped riflino-— all w.to 
 plundered of anything that could be carried away. In most causes housHs 
 
HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 385 
 
 were entered in the rudest maaner, and no time whatever allowed even for the 
 families to escape, much less to save anything. Many families had the utmost 
 difficulty to get themselves and children out in time, and not one-half had so 
 much as a change of clothing with them. They would rush from story 
 to story to rob, and always fire the building at once in order to keep the 
 family from detecting their robberies. Feeble and helpless women and chil- 
 dren were treated like brutes — told insolently to gfet out or burn: and even the 
 sick were not spared. Several invalids had to be carried out as the red flames 
 licked their couches. Thus the work of desolation continued for two hours; 
 more than half the town was on fire at once, and the wild glare of the 
 flames, the shrieks of women and children, and often, louder than all, the blas- 
 phemy of the rebels, conspired to present such a scene of horror as has never 
 been witnessed by the present generation. No one was spared save by acci- 
 dent. The widow and the fatherless cried and plead in vain that they would 
 be homeless and helpless. A rude oath would close all hope of mercy, and 
 they would fly to save their lives. The old and infirm who tottered before 
 them were thrust aside, and the torch applied in their presence to hasten their 
 departure. So thoroiaghly were all of them masters of the trade of destruc- 
 tion that there is scarcely a house standing in Chambersburg to-day that they 
 attempted to burn, although their stay did not exceed two hours. In that brief 
 period, the major portion of Chambersburg — its chief wealth and business, its 
 capital and elegance — were devoured by a barbarous foe; three millions of 
 property sacrificed; 3,000 human beings homeless and many penniless; and all 
 without so much as a pretense that the citizens of the doomed village, or any 
 of them, had violated any accepted rule of civilized warfare. Such is the de- 
 liberate, voluntary record made by Gen. Early, a corps commander in the in- 
 surgent army. The Government may not take summary vengeance, although 
 it has abundant power to do so; but there is One whose voice is most terrible 
 in wrath, who has declared : ' Vengeance is mine ; I will repay. ' ' ' 
 
 Kev. Joseph Clark, in an article contributed to the Presbyterian of August 
 6,1864, says: "The burning was executed in the most ruthless and unrelenting 
 manner. A squad of men woiild approach a house, break open the door, jjro- 
 ceed to the most convenient part of the house and kindle a fire, with no other 
 notice to the inmates, except to get out of it as soon as they could. In many 
 cases, five, ten, fifteen minutes, were asked to secure some clothing, which 
 were refused. Many families escaped with only the clothing they had on, and 
 such as they could gather up in their haste. In many cases they were not al- 
 lowed to take these, but were threatened with instant death if they did not 
 cast them away and flee. Sick and aged people had to be carried to 
 the fields. The corpses of one or two persons, who had recently died, were 
 hastily interred in the gardens, and children, separated from their parents, ran 
 wildly screaming through the streets. Those whose stupor, or eagerness to 
 save something, detained them, emerged with difficulty from the streets filled 
 with the sheeted flames of their burning homes. I should say here, that no 
 provocation had been given; not a shot was fired on them in entering the town, 
 and not until the full crisis was, reached, did desperation, in a few instances, 
 lead to desperate acts, and a few of the incendiaries left their bones to smoulder 
 in the ruins. 
 
 ' 'As to the result, I may say that the entire heart or body of the town is 
 burned. Not a hottse or building of any kind is left on a space of about an 
 average of ten squares of streets, extending each way from the center, with 
 some four or five exceptions, where the buildings were isolated. Only the 
 outskirts are left. The court-house, bank, town hall, German Eeformed print- 
 
386 HISTORY OF FEANKLIK COUNTY. 
 
 ing establishment, every store and hotel in the town, and every mill and fac 
 tory in the space indicated, and two churches, were consumed. Between 
 300 and 400 dwellings were burned, leaving at least 2,500 persons without a 
 home or a hearth. In value, three-foiu-ths of the town were destroyed. The 
 scene of desolation must be seen to be appreciated. Crumbling walls, stacks 
 of chimneys and smoking embers, are all that remain of once elegant and 
 happy homes. As to the scene itself, it beggars description. My own resi- 
 dence being on the outskirts, and feeling it the call of duty to be with my 
 family, I could only look on from without. The day was sultry and calm, not 
 a breath stirring, and each column of smoke rose black, straight and single, 
 first one, and then another, and another, and another, until the columns blended 
 and commingled; and then one vast and lurid column of smoke and flame rose 
 perpendicular to the sky, and spread out into a vast crown, like a cloud of 
 sackcloth hanging over the doomed city; whilst the roar and the surging, the 
 crackling and the crash of falling timbers and walls broke upon the still air 
 with a fearful dissonance, and the screams and sounds of agony of burning 
 animals, hogs and cows and horses, made the welkin horrid with the sounds of 
 woe. It was a scene to be witnessed and heard once in a life-time. 
 
 The loss of property was but a small part of the sufferings inflicted upon 
 the people of Chambersburg. Families were reduced from competence to 
 penury, and their members scattered. The deep trials through which many 
 were recuired to pass resulted in disease that swept many into premature 
 graves, or rendered them helpless invalids for life. But the burning of pa- 
 pers and books and records and mementoes and keepsakes was a calamity 
 which can never be repaired. Public and private interests were equally sacri- 
 ficed to gratify the feeling of revenge on the part of Southern traitors. 
 
 Gren. Averill finally succeeded in leaving his position on the Potomac, and 
 arrived at Greencastle in his pursuit of McOausland. At that point au un- 
 successful effort was made to reach him by Gen. Couch who, prior to the ap- 
 proach of the Confederate incendiary, was holding possession of Chambers- 
 burg with about two score of soldiers. Averill, it seems, feared an attack 
 from the combined forces of McCausland and auother command detached from 
 Early's right, and withdrew to Greenwood for the safety of his command. 
 From the latter point he started in pursuit of McCausland but reached Cham- 
 bersburg too late to save it from destruction, or capture any considerable portion 
 of the rebel horde. His advent into the place is thus described by a writer in 
 the Public Opinion of July 30, 1886. 
 
 THE VOW OF AVKRILL'.S MEN. 
 
 [At. 2 P. M. the Union forces advanced through the town. The citizens cheered the dusty and jaded war - 
 rlors, but no soldierly huzzas came from their parched and suffocated throats, as they rode through smoke and 
 flame and the intense heat of the smoldering ruins. One repeated exclamation of "JiyCTod" was all that 
 was heard, and then, as they passed the flag staff, each one shouted, " Remember Chambersburg." And so they 
 exclaimed, and so they shouted, as they dashed at a trot through the town. — J. K. Shryock in Schneck's Burn- 
 ing of Oiambersburg. 
 
 [They (the Confederates) were surprised one morning by Averill's men dashing in among them. The 
 Federals slyly captured McCausland's pickets and before the rebels were fairly aroused from their slumbers, 
 Averill's men were among them, cutting them down mercilessly to the cry of " Remember Chambersburg!" 
 "Remember Chambersburg!" "Surrender, you house-burning villains!" The vow made by these meu as 
 they rode through the Diamond and beheld the widespread ruin, was remembered and kept. — J. Hoke's 
 Reminiscences of the War.] 
 
 Slowly the men of Averill rode up llie ruined street. 
 And -warm were the cobble stones beneath their tir'd horses' feet; 
 High o'er their heads and banners, uijward in eddying wliirls, 
 Above the blacken'd buildings the smothering smoke-cloud curls. 
 •To their right and left lay ruins, the marks of rebel rage, 
 'Twas a scene of desolation, a blot on history's page. 
 Homeless were maid and mother, and houseless were son aiul sire. 
 No sheltering roof to shieldthem, surrouuaed all bv fire; 
 
i • ft J,. it 
 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 389 
 
 And most Larmonious music, to those so helpless made 
 
 Were the sounds of Union trappings, the clatter of the blade. 
 
 Loudly they greeted the troopers with joyful shout and cheer, 
 
 But silently sat the soldiers, amid the scene so drear; 
 
 Warm were the stones beneath their steeds, and warm their welcome, too. 
 
 And warm with a thirst for vengeance each soldier's heart then grew. 
 
 And as beneath the shadow of the flag staff in the Square 
 
 Passed each and ev'ry trooper, with a vow he roused the air: 
 
 " When on the field of battle, let the rebel fiends beware, 
 
 Let us remember Chambersburg— then strike, and do not spare." 
 
 On press'd the Union troopers— on, on, to the west they sped. 
 
 Vowing their direst vengeance on the rebel chieftain's head. 
 
 They'd been too late to rescue but 'twas not too late as yet 
 
 To seek retaliation and full retribution get. 
 
 And so, in many a contest, on many a hard-fought field, 
 
 Back from those Union troopers Confederate columns reeled. 
 
 The blacken'd walls of Chambersburg rose up before their view 
 
 And bade them strike and spare not, as once they had vow'd to do. 
 
 Chambersburg was in their mind and they heard not who appealed. 
 
 Against all pleas for mercy were their hearts forever steeled; 
 
 And so the vow they made beneath the flag staff in the Square 
 
 Was kept with true fidelity— they struck and did not spare. 
 
 The Public Opinion, in its issue previously referred to, prepared a sketch, 
 presenting several objects of great interest, touching the condition of the 
 town in 1864 and 1886. They are made a part of this record: 
 
 • ' The persons who were then in business and continue to this day, are Ed- 
 ward Aoghinbaugh, James L. Black; Christian Burkhart, now in the milling 
 business; Andrew Banker, Henry Bishop; John F. Croft, now in the grocery 
 business; C. H. Cressler, now Cressler & Greenawalt; John Doebler, John H. 
 Dittman, Benj. Duke, Alex. Fahnestock, Peter Feldman, N. P. Grove, J. & 
 H. E. Hoke; Ann Hoover, Carrie Hetrick, milliners; J. A. Lemaster, W. H. 
 Hiteshew, now grocer; D. M. Leisher; Mrs. Sadie Levan, milliner; John 
 Miller, hotel; J. S. Nixon, now Nixon & Son; George F. Piatt, dentist; P. 
 H. Peiiler, Benjamin Rhodes, Augustus Eeineman, Fred. Spahr, Isaac Stine, 
 H. Sierer, now Sierer & Co. ; S. M. Shillito; N. Schlosser, dentist; A. J. 
 White, now White & Son; James Watson, of the firm of J. & G. at that time; 
 Jos. W. Wolfkill, now Wolf kill & Son; Capt. C. R. Pisle— thirty-six in all. 
 The list, it should be borne in mind, is made up of those only who sufPered 
 loss, and who were engaged in business at that time. 
 
 ' ' In taking up that portion of the list of persons who have been called to 
 another world, and who were engaged in business or lived in Chambersburg 
 when the fire occurred, it assumes large proportions. 
 
 "These deaths are recalled as having occurred here: Josiah Allen, John 
 Armstrong, Samuel Brant, Dr. W. H. Boyle, Peter Brough and wife, J. S. 
 Brown, Mai-tin Brown, Mrs. R. M. Bard, Geo. W. Bitner, J. A. S. Cramer, 
 Geo. Chambers, Sr., Dr. Edmund Culbertson, Holmes Crawford, Susan B. 
 Chambers, W. H. Cunningham, A. D. Caufman, Ellen C. Cook, Thomas Car- 
 lisle, Jere Cook, S. A. Cook, Richard Cook, F. G. Dittman, Catharine R. 
 Duncan, H. B. Davison, Joseph Eckert, Samuel Etter, Elizabeth Smith, Jacob 
 Eby, James G. Elder, Anna C. Finefrock, D. S. Fahnestock, John Fisher, 
 Alonzo P. Frye, Catharine Foltz, S. F. Greenawalt, W. B. Gilmore, D. O. 
 ©ehr, M. Greenawalt, Mary Gillan, J. B. Gillan, David Hoover, Jacob Hut- 
 ton, H. H. Hutz, Jacob Henninger, Philip Hamman, John D. Jacobs, George 
 Kindline, George Lehner, Dr. John Lambert, Bruce Lambert, Martin Lud- 
 wig, Thomas Metcalf, Wm. McLellan, Nancy McClellan, L. McClellan, Alex- 
 ander Martin, Henry Monks, P. McGaffigan, A. J. Miller, Daniel Miller, 
 John Mull, Mrs. M. Montgomery, Wm. McLenegan, J. P. McClintock, Geo. 
 
390 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNT if. 
 
 E. Messersinith, Samuel Ott, David Oaks, N. P Pearce John Pickle E D. 
 Eeid Dr J C. Richards, Wilson Reilly, Samuel D. 0. Reid, Dr. J. Jj. bues- 
 serott Eev Dr. B. S. Schneck, John Schofield, Josiah E. Schofield, Magda- 
 lena Swartz, P. W. Seibert, Susan F. Nixon, Allen Smith, Dr A H Senseny, 
 Jacob Sellers, George W. Snider, Nicholas Snider, Robert E.Tolbert, John 
 W Taylor, Susie B. Thompson, Daniel Trostle, Barnard Wolfi, Richard 
 Wood, Mrs. M. Whetstone, TJpton Washabaugh, James Watson, Sr., George 
 Watson, William Wallace. avrviir ion o^ 
 
 "The loss in real estate was $713,294.34; personal property, $915,137.24; 
 total $1 628,431.58. Of this about fifty per cent has been paid by State ap- 
 propriation, the first being under an act of the Legislature of February 15, 
 1866, $500,000, and the second under an act of the Legislature of May il, 
 187l' Under the last named act, each claimant holds a certificate for the 
 amount of his loss, but these certificates are payable only when said claims are 
 paid by the United States Government. The claimants number about 650. 
 
 "It was a rather peculiar circumstance that all of the lawyers resident in 
 Chambersburg, practicing at the bar at that time, suffered the loss of their 
 libraries. They were Geo. W. Brewer, E: J. Bonebrake, Jere Cook, L. S. 
 Clarke, Thos. Carlisle, C. M. Duncan, J. W. Douglas, W. S. Everett, Geo. 
 Eyster, Christian S. Eyster, H. Gehr, F. M. Kimmell, T. B. Kennedy, Will- 
 iam McLellan, T. J. Nill, John R. Orr, Wilson Reilly, Geo. O. SeUhamer, 
 W. S. Stenger, John Stewart, F. S. Stumbaugh, J. McD. Sharpe, and others.'* 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 LAW-MAKERS AND LAW-INTERPRETERS. 
 
 Law Defined and Analyzed— Founded in Natural Justice— Mental Ee- 
 
 QUIREMENTS FOR ITS STUDY— VARIOUS STATE CONVENTIONS— FRANKLIN'S 
 
 Kepresentatives IN National Congress, in State Senate and House- 
 Early Bench and Bar— List of President and Associate Judges — List 
 OF Attorneys from Organization of County. 
 
 THE highest English authority. Sir William Blackstone, thus defines law: 
 ' ' Law, in its most general and comprehensive sense, signifies a rule of 
 action * * dictated by some superior being; and in [by] those creatures 
 that have neither the power to think, nor to will, such laws must be invariably 
 obeyed, so long as the creature itself subsists, for its existence depends on that 
 obedience." In order to give a clear view of its nature, he thus analyzes the 
 subject. "Every law," says he, "maybe said to consist of several parts: 
 one, declaratory, whereby the rights to be observed, and the wrongs to b^ 
 eschewed, are clearly defined and laid down; another, directory, whereby the 
 subject is instructed and enjoined to observe those rights, and to abstain from 
 the commission of those wrongs; a third, remedial, 'whereby a method is 
 pointed out to recover a man' s private rights or redress his private wrongs, to 
 which may be added a fourth, usually termed the sanction or vindicatory 
 branch of the law, whereby it is signified what evil or penalty shall be in- 
 
HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 391 
 
 eurred by such as commit any public wrongs, and transgress or neglect their 
 duty." 
 
 From the foregoing it will be apparent that natural justice is the end to be 
 secured by the law in its civil administration. Any failure to affect such a 
 result is not chargeable to the law itself, but to the imperfect agents through 
 whom the law has to operate. It must be further apparent that the agents by 
 whom human law is either enacted or enforced must belong to the higher 
 types of humanity. Ability less than ordinary will never attain a proper con- 
 ception of the scope of law, and will signally fail in its administration. 
 
 The temple of justice is sacred. Those who enter its portals should remove 
 their sandals from their feet because the ground they tread is holy. Stars of 
 the first magnitude in the legal profession are so rare that their sparkling 
 rays dazzle ordinary humanity. No greater field for intellectual culture or 
 the development of the noble traits of manhood can be found among the call- 
 ings of men. Ample room is always to be had in the higher departments for 
 those who are not content to remain in the mere rudiments of the science. 
 
 In the presentation of our subject we give two general departments, thc» 
 law-makers, embracing, first, the lists of those who have served in the National 
 Congress and the State Assembly. Secondly, those who have acted in the 
 capacity of judges and attorneys since the formation of the county. 
 
 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 
 
 Four constitutional conventions in Pennsylvania have been held during the 
 past 100 years. The delegates to the first were elected July 8, 1776, in pur- 
 suance of a resolve of the Provincial Conference of Pennsylvania, which met 
 at Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, June 18, 1776. Among the members of 
 that conference from what is now Franklin County, were James McLene, Col. 
 John Allison, John Maclay, Dr. John Calhoon and John Creigh. The con- 
 stitutional convention met at Philadelphia, July 15, 1776, and adopted a con- 
 stitution, which was signed September 28, 1776. One of the delegates, James 
 McLene, Esq. , was from Franklin County. 
 
 The second met in Philadelphia, November 24, 1789, and fi-amed a new 
 constitution, subsequently adopted by the State. Members from Franklin. 
 County: James McLene and George Matthews. 
 
 The third assembled at Harrisburg, May 2, 1837. After several adjourn- 
 ments they reassembled at Philadelphia, November 28, 1837, and adjourned 
 finally February 22, 1838. The constitution, as amended, was adopted at the 
 October election, 1838. This convention was composed of senatorial and 
 representative delegates. The senatorial district, composed of Franklin, Cum- 
 berland and Adams Counti^ss, was represented by James Dunlop, of Franklin 
 County, and Levi Merkle, oif Cumberland County. The representative dele- 
 gates from Franklin County were George Chambers, of Chambers);urg, and 
 Joseph Snively, of Antrim. 
 
 The last met at Harrisburg, November 12, 1872, and on the 27tli of the 
 same month adjourned to meet in Philadelphia on the 7th of Jauuar)', 1873. 
 This convention was composed of 133 delegates — twenty-eight from the State 
 at large, and 105 from the senatorial districts. 
 
 The Nineteenth Senatorial District, composed of the counties of Cumber- 
 land and Franklin, was represented by Samuel M. Wherry, of Cumberland, 
 and J. McDowell Sharpe and John Stewart, of Franklin. 
 
 The new constitution was submitted at a special election, December 16 
 1873, and adopted by a majority of 144, 362 votes. 
 
392 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 CONGEESSMEN. 
 
 Under the constitution of 1776, delegates to the Congress of the United 
 States were appointed by the General Assembly of the State, to serve for one 
 year One Franklin County man was twice appointed: James McLene, March 
 3, 1779, to November 13, 1779, to fill a vacancy, and November 13, 1779, to 
 November 13, 1780, 
 
 Under the constitution of the United States, which went into force on the 
 first Wednesday of March, 1789, members of Congress were required to be 
 elected by the people throughout the State. At the first election, m October, 
 1789, there were eight members chosen, the highest vote for the successful 
 candidates being that of Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, of Montgomery 
 County— 8,707 votes; and the highest vote for the unsuccessfiil ticket being 
 7,067, for John Allison, of Franklin. 
 
 On the 2d of April, 1802, an act was passed dividing the State into eleven 
 districts. By that act the counties of Franklin and Bedford elected one mem- 
 ber, as follows: 
 
 1808-11— John Rea, of Franklin, Vlllth, IXth, Xth and Xlth Congresses. 
 
 ACT OF 20th march, 1812 5th district CUMBERLAND, FRANKLIN AND ADAMS, TWO 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 1813-15— John Rea, Franklin;* Xlllth Congress. 
 
 1815-19— William Maclay, Franklin, XlVth and XVth Congresses. 
 
 1819-21— David Fullerton, Franklin, Thomas G. McCulloh. Franklin, t 
 XVIth Congress. 
 
 Perry Coxmty, created in March, 1820, was made part of the Fifth Dis- 
 trict, and so voted at the regular election in 1821, when Col. John Findlay 
 was first elected. 
 
 1821-23— John Findlay, J Franklin, XVIIth Congress. 
 
 act of 2d APRIL, 1822 11th district ADAMS, FRANKLIN, CUMBERLAND AND 
 
 PERRY, TWO MEMBERS. 
 
 1823-27— John Findlay, Franklin, XVIIIth and XlXth Congresses. 
 1829-33— Thomas H. Crawford, Franklin, XXIst and XXIId Congresses. 
 
 ACT OF 9tH JUNE, 1832 12tH DISTRICT ADAMS AND PEaNKLIN, ONE MEMBER. 
 
 1833-37— George Chambers, Franklin, XXIIId and XXIVth Congresses. 
 
 ACT OF 25th march, 1843 — 16th district — franklin, Cumberland and perry. 
 1847-49— Jasper E. Brady, Franklin, XXXth Congress. 
 1849-53 — Jas. X. McLanahan, Franklin, XXXIst and XXXIId Congresses. 
 
 act of 1st may, 1852 — 17th district — adams, franklin, fulton, Bedford and 
 
 JUNIATA. 
 
 1855-57— David F. Robison, Franklin, XXXIVth Congress. 
 1857-59— Wilson Reilly, Franklin, XXXVth Congress. 
 
 ♦Robert Whitehill and Dr. William Crawford were elected for the Fifth District in 1812, but Mr. Whiiehill 
 died April 7,1813, soon after his return home, upon the adjournment of the Xllth Congress, of which he had 
 been a member from another district, of which Cumberland formed a part; and at a special election held on the 
 tub of May, 1813, John Rea was chosen to fill the vacancy, by a majority of 523 over Edward Crawford of 
 Franklin. He took his seat in the extra session of Congress, which met in May, 1813. 
 
 fDavid Fullerton resigned after the close of his fiist session in Congress, because his constituents disap- 
 ■grovedof his votes upon the Missouri Compromise, and upon some other questions. On the 9th of October, 1820, 
 Thomas G. McCulloh was elected to fill the vacancy. He took his seat November 13, 1820, and served until 
 the 3d «f March 1821. 
 
 JAt the regular election in 1820, James McSherry, of Adams, and James Duncan, of Cumberland, were 
 'elected; but before the meeting of the XVIIth Congress Mr. Duncan resigned, and at the regular election in 
 1821, John Findlay, of Franklin, was chosen his successor over Thomas G. McCulloh, 
 
HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 393 
 
 ACT OF 28th apkil, 1873 — 18th district — franklin, fclton, juniata, huntino^- 
 
 DON, SN5DER AND PERRY. 
 
 1875-79— William S. Stenger, Franklin, XLIVth and XLVth CongresseB. 
 Mr. Stenger was the last Congressman from Franklin County. 
 
 STATJE LEGISLATORS SUPREME EXECUTIVE COUNCIL SENATE. 
 
 Under the constitution of 1776, which was in force when the county of 
 Franklin was organized, there was no State Senate. The State was governed 
 by an Assembly of the representatives of the freemen of the State, and by a 
 president and council. Councilors were elected for three years. The follow- 
 ing persons served as councilors for this county, viz. : 
 
 James McLene, fi-om 1784 to 1787. 
 
 Abraham Smith, from 1787 to 1790. 
 
 Under the constitution of 1790, the supreme executive council was abol- 
 ished, and it was provided that the government of the State should be carried 
 on by a governor, and a Senate and House of Representatives, all to be elected 
 by the people, the governor to hold office for three years, senators for four 
 years, and representatives for one year. Following are the senatorial districts, 
 in which Franklin County has been since 1790, and the names of its various^ 
 senators, with their terms of service. The first district was composed of: 
 Franklin and Bedford Counties: 
 
 1790-94— Abraham Smith, of Franklin. 
 
 1794-1803— Thomas Johnston, of Franklin. 
 
 1803-07— James Poe, of Franklin. 
 
 1807-11— Archibald Rankin, of Franklin. 
 
 By the act of March 21, 1808, Franklin County was made a senatorial 
 district, and given one senator. 
 
 1811-19 -James Poe. 
 
 1819-23— Robert Smith. 
 
 1823-24— John Rea (resigned). 
 
 1824-27— James Dunlop. 
 
 1827-39— David Fullerton. 
 
 Under the constitution of 1838, the senatorial term was reduced to three 
 years. 
 
 1842-44 — James X. McLanahan, of Franklin, senator. 
 
 By the act of April 14, 1843, Franklin and Adams were made a senatorial 
 district, to elect one member. The senators were 
 
 1845-53 — Thomas Carson, of Franklin. 
 
 1857-59 — George W. Brewer, of Franklin. 
 
 By the act of May 20, 1857, Adams, Franklin and Fulton were made a 
 senatorial district, and given one senator. The senators were 
 
 1860-62— A. K. McClure, of Franklin. 
 
 1869-71— Calvin M. Duncan, of Franklin. 
 
 By the act of May 6, 1871, Cumberland and Franklin were made a sena 
 torial district, to elect one member. 
 
 By the constitution of 1873 the senatorial term was again made four years 
 
 By the act of May 19, 1874, Franklin and Huntingdon were made a sena 
 torial district to elect one member. Under it the senator elected in this die- 
 trict in 1874 was to serve but two years. 
 
 1875-76— Chambers McKibbin, of Franklin. 
 
 1881-84 — John Stewart, of Franklin, the last Senator from this county. 
 
•394 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 STATE LEGI8LAT0BS HOUSE OF EEPEESENTATIVES. 
 
 List of members ■who have represented Franklin County: 
 1784-85— James Johnston. Abraham Smith, James McCammont. 
 1785-86 — James McCammont, Abraham Smith, John Eea. 
 1786-87 — Abraham Smith, James McCammont. 
 1787-88 — James McLene, James McCammont. 
 1788-89— James MoLene, James Johnston. 
 1789-90 — James Johnston, John Kea. 
 1790-91 — James Johnston, James McLene. 
 1791-92 — James Johnston, John Maclay. 
 1792-93 — James Johnston, John Eea. 
 1793-94 — James McLene, John Maclay. 
 1794-96 — William H-^ndi-rson, James Poe, Daniel Royer. 
 1796-97 — James Pop, William Henderson, John Eea. 
 1797-98 —William Henderson, John Eea, William Findlay. 
 1798-99 — John Scott, Andrew Dunlop, John Spear. 
 1799-1800 — Daniel Eoyer, John Scott, Andrew Dunlop. 
 1800-02 —John Eea, James Poe, John Statler. 
 1802-03 — Eobert Peebles, James Poe, John Statler. 
 1803-04— William Findlay, Eobert Peebles, Jacob Dechert. 
 1804-06 — William Findlay, Jacob Dechert, James McConnell. 
 1806-07— William Findlay, William McClelland, George Nigh. 
 1807-09— William Maclay. Eobeit Smith, Jacob Heyser. 
 1809-11 — Jacob Dechert, James Smith, Archibald Bard. 
 1811-12 — Eobert Smith, James Smith, Jacob Dechert. 
 1812-14 — Eobert Smith, David Maclay, Jacob Dechert. 
 1814-15 — Jacob Heyser, Patrick Campbell, John Cox. 
 1815-16 — Eobert Smith, Jacob Dechert, David Maclay. 
 1816-19 — Andrew Eobeson, Stephen Wilson, Ludwig Heck. 
 1819-20 — Andi-ew Eobeson, William Alexander, Ludwig Heck. 
 1820-21 — Samuel Dunn, John Stoner, Eobert Crooks. 
 1821-22— John Holliday, Peter S. Dechert, John Flanagan. 
 1822-23— John King, John Holliday, Peter S. Dechert. 
 1823-24— Frederick Smith, Eobert Smith, William Maclay. 
 1824-26 — Frederick Smith, James Walker, William Alexander. 
 1826-27 — Frederick Smith, James Walker, Peter Aughinbaugh. 
 1827-28 — Philip Berlin, Andrew Eobeson, Benjamin Reynolds. 
 1828-29— Ludwig Heck, William Boal, John Cox. 
 1829-30— Frederick Smith, John Cox. 
 1830-31— Frederick Smith, John Cox. 
 1831-32— James Dunlop, Thomas G. McCulloh. 
 1332-33— Thomas Bard, Thomas G. McCulloh. 
 1833-34— Thomas H. Crawford, William S. McDowell. 
 1834-35— Thomas G. McCulloh, Thomas Carson. 
 1835-30— Thomas Carson, John D. Work. 
 1836-37 — John D. Work, John Flanagan. 
 1837-38 — James Calhoun, Henry Funk. 
 1838-39— William McKinstry, Frederick Smith. 
 1840— William McKinstry, James Nill. 
 1841 — Andrew Snively, Joseph Pomeroy. 
 -1842 — Andrew Snively, Peter Cook. 
 1843 — Jacob Walter, Thomas Carson. 
 1844 — Jasper E. Brady, Thomas Carson. 
 
HISTOBY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 395 
 
 1845 — Jasper E. Brady, Andrew Snively. 
 
 1846 — John Stewart, John M. Pomeroy. 
 
 1847 — Thompson McAllister, John M. Pomeroy. 
 
 1848— WUliam Baker, Samuel Seibert. 
 
 1849— William Baker, Samuel Seibert. 
 
 1850 — William Baker, John McLean. 
 
 1851 — David Maclay, John McLean. 
 
 1852 — David Maclay, George A. Madeira. 
 
 1853 — John Rowe, Charles T. Campbell. 
 
 1854 — John Rowe, Samuel Gilmore. 
 
 1855 — James B. Orr, James Lowe. 
 
 1856 — James B. Orr, James C. Boyd. 
 
 1857 — George Jacobs, John Witherow. 
 
 By act of May 20, 1857, Franklin and Fulton were made a district and 
 •given two members. 
 
 1858-59— A. K. McClure, James NiU. 
 
 1860-61 — James R."Brewster; [James C. Austin,* of Fulton.] 
 
 1862— John Rowe; [William W. Sellers, of Fulton.] 
 
 1863 — Jonathan Jacoby; [William Horton, of Fulton.] 
 
 1864— J. McDowell Sharpe; [William Horton, of Fulton.] 
 
 By act of May 5, 1864, Franklin and Perry were made a district and given 
 two members. 
 
 1865— A. K. McClure, J. McDowell Sharpe. 
 
 1866- F. S. Stumbaugh; [G. A. Shaman, of Perry.] 
 
 1867— F. S. Stumbaugh; [G. A. Shuman, of Perry.] 
 
 1868— B. F. Winger; [John Shively, of Perry.] 
 
 1869— John H. Walker; [John Shively, of Perry.] 
 
 1870— Geo. W. Skinner;^. B. MiUiken, of Perry.] 
 
 1871— Geo. W. Skinner; [D. B. MiUiken, of Perry.] 
 
 By act of May 6, 1871, Franklin was made a district and given one member. 
 
 1872— Thaddeus M. Mahon. 
 
 1878— Thaddeus M. Mahon. 
 
 1874— Geo. W. Welsh. 
 
 By act of May 19, 1874, Franklin was given three members, elected for two 
 years. 
 
 1875-76 — ^Hastings Gehr, M. A. Embich, Simon Lecron. 
 
 1877-80— Hastings Gehr, Wm. Burgess, H. C. Greenawalt. 
 
 1881-82— Wm. W. Britton, James D. McDowell, J. M. Pomeroy. 
 
 1883-84— John L. Grier, John F. Woods, J. McDowell Sharpe. 
 
 James H. Clayton filled the unexpired term of J. McDowell Sharpe. 
 
 1885-86— James H. Clayton, J. B. White, Henry G. Chritzman. 
 
 1887-88— Henry G. Chritzman, Geo. J. Balsley, C. T. Keefer. 
 
 EAHLT BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 On the •17th of January, 1859, I. H. McCauley, Esq. , delivered before the 
 Gibson Literary Society, in the Court Hall, Chambersburg, a lecture on the 
 " Early History of the Chambersburg Bar," which lecture was published in the 
 Franklin Repository of May 13, 1874. He said: 
 
 ' ' The law, as a science, has engaged the attention of the noblest men, the 
 purest minds, the brightest intellects in every civilized nation of the world 
 since the invention of the printing press, by multiplying books, rendering 
 knowledge more accessible to the multitude, enlightened their minds, gave 
 them a better conception of public and private rights, and made them ac- 
 
 *Now a resident of Chambersburg. 
 
396 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 quainted with the remedies provided for the injuries occasioned by the infrac- 
 tion of those rights. Like all other things of human institution, the law has 
 undergone many mutations during the past 200 years; too many, indeed, for 
 the preservation of its good name in popular esteem, or for its certain, regular 
 and consistent adjudication and administration. Those changes are, no doubt, 
 in most instances, designed for its improvement, simplification and reduction 
 to a regular and harmonious system; and nowhere were there more radical de- 
 partures from the ancient rules of the law, than in our own commonwealth. 
 Yet, whilst it is freely admitted that some of them have been improvements 
 upon the practices of the 'olden times,' others can not be so considered; nor 
 are we y^t relieved, as many an unfortunate suitor has been made to feel, of 
 the ' glorious uncertainty ' attendant upon going to law. 
 
 " But it is not of the law, as a science, that I propose addressing you to- 
 night. My object is to review the law as administered in Pennsylvania in times 
 whereof the memory of no living man runneth to the contrary, and to give 
 you, so far as I am able, some brief sketches of the earlier judges who held 
 courts in our county, and of the members of the bar, who practiced before 
 them. Of those old ' sages of the bench, ' little is now known except what 
 is found in the brief obituary notices of them scattered through the journals 
 of their day ; and of the ' old man eloquent ' who plead in their courts and 
 of whose legal attainments, forensic skill and reputed eloquence no historian 
 or biographer hath written, very little is known, and that little is confined to 
 the personal recollections of a few of our most aged citizens, and if not col- 
 lected and preserved ere long, will be forever lost to us and to posterity. 
 Hence, as this society is for the most part composed of members of the bar 
 and students of the law, I have thought that the subject I have selected would 
 be as interesting to you, perhaps, as any other I could have chosen. In my 
 investigations I have been much assisted by the recollections and communica- 
 tions of Hon. George Chambers, himself a member of our bar over fifty-one 
 years, and a personal acquaintance of most of those of whom I shall speak, 
 and therefore well qualified to give me correct ideas of men and things of 
 ' auld lang syne. ' To him, therefore, I now publicly return my acknowledg- 
 ments for his courtesy and kindness in furnishing me with much valuable in- 
 formation connected with my subject. 
 
 " I have always thought that we, as a people, have been greatly favored by a 
 benignant Providence, and that the lives of men and the conduct of mon 
 archs were overruled for our special benefit. How else can we account for 
 the fact that William Penn, the heir and hope of one of England's proudest 
 nobles, should in his early life abandon the pleasures of youth, the smiles 
 of his sovereign, and his chances of preferment at court, and betake him- 
 self to the retirement of the country and the preaching and practicing of the 
 peaceful and yet unpopular doctrines of George Fox, the Quaker ? How else 
 can we account for his faithful and conscientious adherence to his new faith, 
 under the frowns of parental wrath, the terrors of kingly anger, and the 
 horrors of a lengthened and cruel imprisonment? How else can we account 
 for his subsequent release, his restoration to the confidence and esteem of 
 his sovereign, and his success in obtaining the grant of country in the New 
 World, more magnificent than the possessions of many of the potentates of 
 the Old? How else can we account for his success in inducing emigrants 
 to leave the homes of their birth, the scenes of their childhood, the 
 pleasures of fellowship with kindred and friends, the comforts of civilized 
 life and the security of a powerful government, to take up their abodes in a 
 wilderness country, surrounded by the wild beast and the savage, and exposed 
 to the ravages of both ? How else can we account for his unexampled success 
 
*'4^^£!«^/7M„,r..^/-..*--* 
 
HI8T0BY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 399 
 
 in obtaining the confidence and good will of the red man, and in securiiig im- 
 munity to his infant settlements, whilst north and South, east and west, the 
 tomahawk and scalping knife were red with the blood of the white man? How 
 else can we account for his success in controlling the unbridled passions of the 
 Indians around him, and concluding his celebrated treaty, which was ' Never 
 sworn to, and never broken,' and whose memory is yet treasured as a sacred 
 instance of honor and fidelity, in the hearts of both the civilized man and the 
 savage, wherever its history is known f 
 
 "But beyond and above all these, how else than upon the belief of a special 
 interposition of divine Providence, can we account for the peculiar views of 
 government entertained by William Penn, so far in advance of, and so much 
 in opposition to, the monarchical doctrines and theories of his day; his liberal 
 views in relation to the worship of Almighty God, and to private opinion, and 
 the grand and fundamental principles of national and individual freedom, set 
 forth in the system of government and laws, drawn up in England and estab- 
 lished here for the protection and security of the citizens of the province? Na 
 such system of laws was ever before promulgated, and few changes for the 
 better have since been made upon it, although there is little of the original 
 articles to be found in our State constitution in the same words. Still the 
 substance is there; every article, and almost every section of our State and 
 National constitutions contain some of the emanations of William Penn's 
 brain. I verily believe that to the influence of his ideas of government and 
 of human rights may we, as much as to any other source, attribute the build- 
 ing up of that sturdy feeling of independence which resulted in resistance to 
 the tyranny of the mother country, and eventually secured the acknowledgment 
 of our National freedom. 
 
 ' ' We, as Pennsylvanians, may, therefore, justly be proud of the great 
 founder of our noble commonwealth, notwithstanding the aspersions thrown 
 upon his character by my illustrious namesake, Lord Macaulay, in his ' History 
 of England,' and we need be at no loss to understand why this colony pros- 
 pered so greatly ; why it exercised so extended an influence in the councils of 
 the Confederation, or why it occupies so prominent a position among the States 
 of this glorious republic. 
 
 "The inclination of William Penn's mind and the practice of his whole life 
 were in accordance with the teachings of his religious opinions. Hence, he 
 disliked everything savoring of contention or violence, and he felt desirous of 
 having the civil dififerenoes of his colonists settled in an amicable way, or at 
 least by some tribunal having as little of the machinery and ' terrors of the 
 law ' as possible. Accordingly, we find as early as 1683 a tribunal called 
 ' the Peace-Makers ' recognized as part of the judicial machinery of the col- 
 ony of Pennsylvania. We have no record of how many persons this body was 
 composed. Their functions appear to have been more diplomatic than judicial, 
 and their success in settling disputes dependent upon their address and powers 
 of conciliation rather than upon their legal knowledge. They most likely ne- 
 gotiated between the parties, and endeavored to settle the matters in dispute 
 in an amicable manner, failing which, the litigants wero'allowed to resort to 
 the law, and fight away until one or both parties were tired out with the con- 
 test. In the first volume of the ' Provincial Minutes,' page 34, we find it stated 
 that when one Kichard Wells made complaint against one of his neighbors, it 
 was referred to the Peace-Makers, and in case of their failure to settle it, to 
 the county court. In another case, page 51, the parties were ' advised to 
 make the business up between themselves, ' otherwise to have a trial by the 
 county court. We find also in the same volume, page 52, in the case of 
 
400 HISTOET OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Andrew Johnson, plaintiff, vs. Hance Peterson, defendant, considered and ad- 
 judged on the thirteenth day of the third month, 1684, by the provincial coun- 
 cil, the high court of errors and appeals, Mr. Penn himself presiding as pro- 
 prietor and governor, that 'the governor and council advise the parties to 
 shake hands and to forgive one another, and ordered them to enter into bonds 
 for their appearance, which they accordingly did. It was also ordered that 
 the records of the court concerning that business should be burnt. ' 
 
 ' ' The ' Friends ' or Quakers of that day do not appear to have been over 
 friendly to the members of our much-abused profession, or perhaps they con- 
 cluded that if it was necessary to tolerate such a fraternity at all, its votaries 
 ■should be actuated by the most disinterested motives possible, for they enacted 
 a law in 1686, declaring that ' for the avoiding of the too frequent clamors and 
 manifest inconvenience that usually attend mercenary pleadings in civil causes, 
 no persons shall plead in any civil cause of another, in any court whatever 
 within this province and territories, before he be solemnly attested, in open 
 court, that he neither directly nor indirectly hath in anywise taken, or will 
 take or receive, to his use or benefit, any reward whatsoever for his sole plead- 
 ing, under the penalty of £5, if the contrary be-made to appear.' How long 
 this delectable piece of legislative wisdom continued in force I can not say, 
 but certainly the veriest tyro in the profession would unhesitatingly say that it 
 would have been at any time ' more honored in the breach than in the ob- 
 servance, ' especially as by it open and notorious perjury was only punished 
 by £5. 
 
 ' ' Among the greatest innovations made in the last century in the law as 
 previously administered in this State, was that occasioned by the passage of the 
 ' Arbitration Act ' of 1705. Laws of this character, you are no doubt well aware, 
 are even yet peculiar to Pennsylvania, and their enactment was but a farther 
 carrying out of the old Quaker principle of enabling disputants to settle their 
 differences amicably, through a committee of their friends and neighbors act- 
 ing somewhat in the capacity of ' peace makers, ' already referred to, without 
 the intervention of lawyers and without the costs and expenses usually attend- 
 ant upon trials in court. Such laws suited well the condition of a people 
 whose legislature, in consequence of the scarcity of gold and silver, had de- 
 clared that ' wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, beef, pork, oats and potatoes ' 
 should be accepted and pass as current pay at their market value. 
 
 " By the act of 1705, persons having accounts to produce, one against the 
 other, were allowed to ' consent to a rule of court,' for referring the adjustment 
 thereof to certain persons mutually chosen by them in open court, whose award, 
 when approved of by the court, should be entered upon the record, and should 
 have the effect of a verdict given by twelve men. By these and various other 
 enactments, our forefathers endeavored to obviate the necessity of employing 
 lawyers to conduct their civil disputes; but they found by costly experience 
 that it was always best and safest for each man to attend to his own business 
 or calling, and when compelled to engage in some other, of which he was ig- 
 norant, to employ a person to appear and act for him who was fully acquainted, 
 by study and experience, with all its details. 
 
 " Still it cannot be denied but that the Arbitration Act of 1705, although it 
 did not ' starve out ' the legal fraternity, was productive of good. Under its 
 operation immense numbers of disputes were peaceably adjusted, the principle 
 contained in it was extended to the trial of other actions than those of ' mu- 
 tual accounts,' and it continued in force down until long after our Eevolution 
 Indeed so lately as 1790, when such able jurists as Edward Shippen presided 
 in the common pleas, and Thomas McKean on the supreme bench, it was 
 
HISTORY OP PBANKLIN COUNTY. 401 
 
 greatly resorted to, and much in favor both with the legal profession and the 
 people. So well established had the ' arbitration system ' become at that time, 
 that Mr. Dallas assigns as one of his reasons for publishing his reports, ' the 
 use they will be in furnishing some hints for regulating the conduct of referees, 
 to whom, according to the present practice, a very great share of the adminis- 
 tration of justice is entrusted.' 
 
 "The changes made in the criminal law during the last century were 
 equally as radical and striking as those in the civil law. The sanguinary pun- 
 ishments inflicted under the English laws were unpleasing to our forefathers, 
 and as experience had demons&ated their failure to produce the results de- 
 sired, they were greatly mitigated; grades in crimes, and distinctions in pun- 
 ishments were instituted, and every means were adopted calculated to secure 
 not only the certain and sufficient punishment of the ofPender, but also, if pos- 
 sible, his reformation and restoration to his family and to society at large. It 
 is true that here and there a few individuals could be found who were in favor 
 of retaining in use the good old institutions and laws of the mother country, 
 and enforcing them without respect to persons. Such was the Philadelphia 
 grand jury of 1717, who represented in their presentment to the court ' the 
 necessity of a ducking school and house of correction for the just punishment 
 of scolding, drunken women, and other profligate and unruly persons, who 
 have become a public nuisance to the town in general. ' They, therefore, ear- 
 nestly request that those public conveniences should be speedily provided. 
 
 "During nearly 100 years succeeding the settlement of Pennsylvania, few 
 of our judges were acquainted with the principles of the law, or knew any- 
 thing about its practice before theiir appointment. Our county courts were 
 presided over by the justices of the peace of the respective counties, all of 
 whom were, ex officio, judges of the courts of common pleas and quarter ses- 
 sions of the peace, and any three of whom were a quorum to transact business. 
 At the same time the ' Provincial Council, ' tMe high court of errors and ap- 
 X)eals, which was presided over by the governor of the province for the time 
 being, and whose decisions were final, very frequently had not a lawyer in it. 
 
 " And yet the business' of the country in that day was done, and well done, 
 too. The judges were generally selected because of their well known integrity 
 of character, extended business experience and sound common sense, anl by 
 close observation and long experience became well acquainted with the duties 
 of their positions, and fitted to adjudicate the important interests committed 
 to their charge. Gentlemen, eminent for their legal abilities and oratorical 
 powers, practiced before them, and by the gravity of their demeanor and re- 
 spectful behavior, shed luster upon the proceedings, and gave weight and in- 
 influence to the decisions rendered. Great regard was had for the dignity of 
 the court, and great reverence felt for forms ' and ceremonies, and woe to the 
 unlucky wight who was caught in a ' contempt,' or convicted of speaking dis- 
 respectfully of the magistrate, or of his sovereign lord, the king. The least 
 be could expect would be a fine of a score or more of pounds, and twenty four 
 or thirty-six hours' repose, at the public expense, in those public conveniences 
 — ^the public stocks — as a public example to all evil minded persons disposed to 
 offend in like manner. 
 
 "By the act of 1722, entitled ' An Act for the establishment of Courts of 
 Judicature in this Province,' it was provided that there should be four terms 
 of the county coiirts held in each year, and the judges of the supreme court, 
 or a majority of them, were required to make two circuits into each county 
 each year, for the purpose of holding courts of nisi prius for the trial of issues 
 of fact, and courts of oyer and terminer for the trial of persons charged with 
 
402 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 the commission of capital crimes. Thus the law remained, with some slight 
 changes in the organizations of the courts, until the adoption of the State con- 
 stitution in the year 1790; and during that long, eventful and exciting period, 
 embracing our bloody French and Indian wars, and our arduous and, at times, 
 almost hopeless struggle for national independence, such men as Isaac Norris, 
 Thomas Lawrence, Benjamin Franklin, Joshua Maddocks, John Bannells, 
 Benjamin Chambers, William McDowell, James Maxwell, Edward Shippen 
 and William Tilghman presided in the common pleas with dignity, impartial- 
 ity and ability; and James Logan, Jeremiah Langhorne, John Kinsey, Will- 
 iam Allen, Thomas Willing, Lawrence Growden, Benjamin Chew, Thomas Mc- 
 Kean, and others, sat upon the supreme bench, molding the law into a sci- 
 ence, and, out of the chaotic materials about them, creating the simple sys- 
 tem of jurisprudence peculiar to our State, which now, as much as anything 
 else, may justly be styled 'the perfection of human wisdom.' " 
 
 [In 1749 a petition from the residents of this valley was presented to the- 
 assembly by William Magaw and James Silvers, praying the court to erectv 
 Cumberland County. In the next year the piayer was granted. On the 24th 
 of July of said year, the first court convened. The presiding judge was 
 Samuel Smith. Among the justices of the court were William Maxwell and Ben- 
 jamin Chambers. John Findlay, William Magaw, Adam Hoops and Thomas 
 Brown, all Franklin County men, were members of the first grand jury. Fpur 
 terms of the coui-t were held in Shippensburg. The first case is given just as 
 it is on the records: 
 
 At a Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, held at Shippensburg for the 
 County of Cumberland, the 34th day of July, in the twenty-fourth year of the Reign of 
 His Majesty, King George II. Anno Dom., 1750. 
 
 Hefore Samuel Smith, Esq., and his Brethren Keepers of the Peace of our said 
 Lord the King and his Justices assigned to hear and determine divers Felonies and Tres- 
 passes, &c. 
 
 ^j ' / Sur Indictmt., for Larceny, not guilty, and now ye deft, ret her 
 Bridget Hagen, [ P'- ^°d submits to ye Ct. 
 
 And thereupon it is considered by the Court and adjudged that ye sd Brid!?et Hagen 
 
 restore the sum of six pounds, etc., etc, * * and receive fifteen lashes on her bare 
 
 back at ye Public Whipping post, etc. 
 
 The reading of this sentence causes the cold chills to chase each other 
 down one's back in these days. But we must remember that it was about this 
 time, or not a great while before it, that in England they hanged indiscrimi- 
 nately for even petty crimes against property. To steal a few pennies' worth 
 was, upon conviction, to be hanged. A writer of that time says that one day 
 in the week was given to clearing the prison, and that the victims hung like 
 " rows of candles."] 
 
 "The first* court held in our county convened on the 15th of September, 
 1784, in the second story of John Jack's tavern, the stone building on th& 
 northwest corner of our Diamond, now belonging to Mr. A. J. Miller, and oc- 
 cupied as a drug store and dwelling. The judges present were Humphrey 
 Fullerton, Thomas Johnston and James Finley, Esqs., who, being justices of 
 the peace for the county of Cumberland, and liviag in the new county of Frank- 
 lin, became ex officio judges of the court of common pleas and quarter ses- 
 sions of our county. The act for the erection of this county, as I have al- 
 ready said was passed at Philadelphia on the 9th of September, 1784; on the 
 lUthand nth, the commissions of Edward Crawford, Jr., Esq., as prothonotary, 
 register, recorder, clerk of orphans' court, clerk of sessions and judge of the 
 said courts, respectively, were made out and signed by John Dickinson, presi- 
 dent of the Supreme Executive Council, and on the 15th of the same month 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKtIN COUNTY. 403 
 
 only four or five days thereafter, the ' county courts ' met here in pursuance 
 of the law, the judges were upon the bench, the clerk at his desk, but no suits 
 were tried or determined, because there were no suitors or jurors present; no 
 judgments W€*i-e entered, because, perhaps the prothonotary had no dockets, 
 and could get no paper to make them; and no writs were issued or returned 
 for the reason that there was no sheriff to serve them, Jeremiah Talbot, Esq. , 
 our high sheriff, not having been commissioned until the 20th of October fol- 
 lowing. But the fact that the approval of the bill was known here in the wil- 
 derness, west a distance of 150 miles from the seat of government, so soon af- 
 ter it was signed; the fact that the judges met in pursuance of some appoint- 
 ment, and that ah attorney was here, from a distance of fifty miles, ready and 
 no doubt willing, for a consideration of course, to aid with his advice and serv- 
 ices all who might be in trouble — all go very far to rebut the commonly 
 received opinion, that the roads in the last century were so extremely bad — ^the 
 postoffice so inefficient — the transmission of information so slow — or our an- 
 cestors so ' Rip Van Winkle ' a people generally, as we have been told. The 
 only act done at the first term of our court, so far as I can ascertain from the 
 records, was the admission of John Clark, Esq. , who, having made it appear 
 to the court that he had previously been admitted an attorney in the supreme 
 court of the commonwealth, was, on his own request, sworn as an attorney of 
 the court. Mr. Clark had served with great distinction as a major in the 
 Pennsylvania line in the Revolutionary war, and after peace was declared, re- 
 sided at what was then called ' Little York, ' in this State, where he pur- 
 sued the practice of law. He was married to a daughter of Mr. Nicholas Bit- 
 tinger of this county, and in right of his wife, held considerable estate in the 
 neighborhood of the present Mont Alto furnace. Like most of the lawyers of 
 his day he ' rode the circuit, ' practicing in many counties of the State other 
 than that in which he resided. He only practiced here for a few years, but 
 whilst he came to our courts he did a very considerable business. He was 
 about fifty years of age, of large frame, fine personal appearance, and brave 
 to a fault, a man of fine mind, was a good lawyer, wrote a beautiful hand, ana 
 was very sarcastic in his speech, when he thought it necessary so to be. He 
 was also a great wit, fond of fun and frolic, and hence his company was much 
 sought after by the members of the bench and his associates of the bar, when 
 on their travels, to relieve the monotony of the way, or when out of court, to 
 enliven the tedium of an evening after the fatigue of the day was over. On 
 one occasion a wealthy gentleman of York County, noted for his parsimony, 
 and his propensity to take advantage of his neighbors and those dealing with 
 him whenever he could, employed Mr. Clark to draw up his will. When 
 about to close it, the testator, whom we shall call Mr. Darrence, directed Mr. 
 Clark to insert a bequest of £50 to himself, remarking at the time, that 
 he wanted the will to be valid, and, if so good a lawyer as he had an in- 
 terest to that amount in it, there would be no doubt but that he would safely 
 carry it through the courts. The will was accordingly so made, duly witnessed 
 and handed over to Mr. Dorrence, who left, forgetting to pay Mr. Clark for 
 his services. He, however, consoled himself with the expectation of the 
 legacy. In a short time Mr. Dorrence died, and Mr. Clark, having remarked 
 in the presence of a neighbor that the estate was good to him for £50, 
 it was doubted; when he said he knew it was, and related what had occurred 
 at the making of the will. His friend, knowing Mr. Dorrence' s characteristics, 
 was still incredulous, and a bet of a bottle of wine was made. In a few days 
 ihe will was left at the register's office for probate, when it was found that Mr. 
 Dorrence, his ruling passion strong in death, had copied the will, re-executed 
 
404 HISTOEY OF FEANELIN COUNTY. 
 
 it, and left Mr. Clark's legacy out. At the second term of onr courts fn De- 
 cember, 1784, on motion of Mr. Clark, Robert Magaw, Thomas Hartley, Jamas 
 Hamilton, Thomas Duncan, Thomas Smith, Ross Thompson, Ralph Bowlei^ 
 James Ross, James Riddle, Stephen Chambers and John McDowell were ad- 
 mitted to our bar. Chambersburg thereafter became a fixed point, to which 
 the steps of most of these gentlemen were directed four times each year, for a 
 considerable period. 
 
 "But to resume my notices of our bar, Robert Magaw, of whom I shall next 
 speak, was an Irishman by birth, and resided in Cumberland County, in thi» 
 State, prior to the Revolutionary war. In the year 1774 he was one of th© 
 delegates from that county to a convention held at Philadelphia, for the pur- 
 pose of concerting measures to call a general Congress of delegates from all 
 the colonies. He served as a colonel in the Pennsylvania line, in the Rev- 
 olution, and afterward resided here for a short time, and practiced the law. 
 He subsequently returned to Carlisle and died there. Of his legal attainments- 
 and personal appearance I have been unable to learn anything. He wrote a 
 beautiful hand and did a moderate share of business, but did not long survive 
 his admission to our bar. 
 
 ' ' Thomas Hartley resided at York and practiced here for many years. He 
 was considered an excellent lawyer, was a pleasant speaker, and did consider- 
 able business here. He»laid out that part of our town situated north of Fall- 
 ing Spring. He was brother-in-law of Edward Crawford, Esq. , and uncle of 
 Hon. Thos. Hartley Crawford, of Washington City, who was called after him. 
 
 ' ' James Hamilton was an Irishman by birth, and having been admitted to 
 the bar in his native country, immigrated to the United States before tlJe Revo- 
 lution. He was very well educated, was large sized, very fat, very eccentric, very 
 social, and very indifferent as to his personal appearance. He was considered, 
 an excellent lawyer and an eloquent speaker. When looking about for a loca- 
 tion, shortly after his arrival in this country, he visited Pittsburgh, then a 
 small frontier settlement, where agi'icultural products and peltries formed the 
 chief circulating medium. That kind of currency Mr. Hamilton did not like, 
 and at once left for a more civilized part of the country. He subsequently 
 settled at Carlisle, and did a large business there, and a considerable business 
 here. He wrote a very small feminine-looking hand, very difficult to read, es- 
 pecially when hastily written, and it is related of him that having at one time 
 left his notes lying upon the council table, whilst arguing a motion, a wag at the 
 bar, named Nesbit, made a series of scrawls and scratches closely resembling 
 Mr. Hamilton's writing and placed his production where the notes had beea 
 left. In a short time it became necessary for Mr. Hamilton to refer to his 
 notes to see what the witness had said. When he looked at the paper Nesbit 
 had prepared he turned it one way and then another, and finally looking up at 
 the judge, declared that something had certainly gotten wrong 9?ith his eyes 
 as he could not make head or tail out of his notes. In the summer of 1806 
 he was appointed by Gov. Snyder president judge of this judicial district, in 
 which position he continued until his death in the year 1819. 
 
 "Thomas Duncan resided at Carlisle. He was a most excellent land and 
 criminal lawyer, enthusiastically devoted to his profession', indefatigable and 
 zealous, and practiced over a great part of the State, receiving very large fees 
 for his services. He had, perhaps, the largest practice of any man in the 
 State, out of Philadelphia. He attended our courts until his appointment to 
 the supreme bench in the year 1817, in the room of Hon. Jasper Yates, 
 deceased, and all that time did a very large share of the business, and was 
 very successful. He was about five feet, six inches in height, of small, deli- 
 
HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 405 
 
 cate frame, and yet could endure great fatigue. He was rather reserved in 
 his manners, had a shrill, squeaking voice, wore powder in his hair, knee 
 breeches and buckles, and was very neat and particular in his diess. He died 
 in January, 1828, aged near sixty-seven years. 
 
 "Thomas Smith also resided at Carlisle. He had been a deputy surveyor 
 under the Government, in early life, and thus became well acquainted with th» 
 land system of Pennsylvania, then in process of settlement. He was accounted 
 a good common-law lawyer, and did a considerable business at our bar. He 
 was appointed president judge of this judicial district by Gov. Mifflin on the 
 20th of August, 1791, being the first president judge of the district, and con- 
 tinued in that position until his appointment as an associate judge of the su- 
 preme court, on the 31st of January, 1794. He was a small man, rather re- 
 served in his manners, and of not very social feelings. He died in the year 
 1809, at a very advanced age. 
 
 "Boss Thompson resided here for a few years, and as the records of our 
 courts wDl show, did a very large business. He removed to Carlisle and died 
 there at an early age. Of his appearance, legal abilities, or social qualities, I 
 know nothing, as there is no person now living here who knew him. 
 
 "Ralph Bowie resided at York. He was a Scotchman by birth, and had, 
 most probably, been admitted to the bar before he left his native land. He was, 
 a very well read lawyer, and for some years did quite a large business here, 
 being retained by one side or the other on most of the ejectment oases then 
 tried, which, as they involved the very houses of the settlers, were considered 
 by aU parties as the most important cases brought into the courts. Mr. Bowie 
 was a man of fine personal appearance, courtly and dignified manners, and was 
 very neat and particular in his dress . He powdered his hair and wore short 
 clothes, in the fashion of the day, and had social qualities of the most attrac- 
 tive character. He wrote an excellent business hand, and from all that I can 
 learn of him, was a fair representative of that most estimable clasB of our an- 
 cestors known as the ' gentlemen of the old school. ' 
 
 " James Boss was a native of the ' Barrens ' in York County. He removed 
 to, and settled at, Pittsburgh in early life, and it was perhaps while on his way 
 there, that he was admitted to our bar. He was of Scotch-Irish parentage, and 
 no doubt received his education at the classical school of Dr. Finley, situated 
 in the neighborhood of his birthplace. He taught school while reading law, 
 and after his location at Pittsburgh, his great powers of mind, industry and 
 perseverance soon placed him at the head of his profession there. He was an 
 ardent Federalist in politics; was a member of the convention that framed the 
 State constitution of 1790; was elected to the United States Senate in April, 
 1794, in place of Albert Gallatin, who was declared ineligible; was re-elected 
 in March, 1797, and served with great distinction until March 3, 1808 ; was 
 the candidate of the Pederal party for governor against Thomas' McKean in 
 1799 and in 1802, and also in 1808 against Simon Snyder. When the Demo- 
 cratic party, under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson, succeeded to power in 
 the year 1801, a number of the leading Democrats of Philadelphia, then the 
 seat of the United States Government, called upon the President elect and 
 congratulated him upon his success. In the conversation it was remarked that 
 Mr. Boss would be succeeded by a pure Democrat in the Senate, when th^ sage 
 of Monticello, who had served with Mr. Boss, and knew him well, said 'that 
 he rejoiced, as a politician, at the success of the» Democratic party, but that he 
 would much regret the loss, to the Nation, of the wise counsel of a statesman so 
 eminent for purity and abilities as James Boss. ' Mr. Ross was a large man, 
 stout-made, very humorous and very sociable. He died only a few years 
 since, in Allegheny City, at a very advanced age. 
 
406 HISTORY OF FBANKtilN COUNTY. 
 
 "James Eiddle was born in Adams County, graduated with great distinc- 
 tion at Princeton College, and subsequently read law at York. He was about 
 thirty years of age when admitted to our bar. He did by much the largest 
 business here until his appointment as presiding judge of this judicial district 
 by Gov Mifflin in February, 1794. His legal abilities were very respectable, 
 though he was not considered a |reat lawyer. He was well read in science, 
 literature and the laws, was a good advocate and very successful with the jury. 
 He was a tall, broad-shoulderedf lusty man, possessed a noble face and polite 
 and pleasing manner. In the latter part of the year 1804 he resigned his 
 position as judge because of the strong partisan feeling existing against him, 
 he being a great Federalist, and returned to the practice of the law. He was 
 again successful and amassed a large fortune, which was afterward mostly 
 sunk in the payments of endorsements made for friends and relations. He 
 died here about the year 1837 respected by all who knew him. 
 
 "John McDowell, LL. D., was a native of this county and an uncle of W. 
 H. McDowell, Esq., of our place. He was a ripe scholar, and for many years 
 was provost of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, and afterward 
 president of St. John's College, at Annapolis, Md. He never practiced 
 law, so far as I can learn, and died among his relatives in the neighborhood of 
 his 'birthplace, near Mercersburg, in the year 1820, in the seventieth year of 
 
 his age. incn mi_ 
 
 ' ' Such was the bar of our county at the December term, 1784: There never 
 was, perhaps, since that time, an equal amount of talent in our bar oi* attendant 
 upon our courts, although it is gratifying to know that the reputation of this 
 bar for years was amongst the very highest in the State. The judges of the 
 courts, as already stated, were the justices of the peace of the county — men 
 unlearned in the law, and unskilled in the modes of legal procedure, and yet 
 these great men, so eminent for military and civil service and legal abilities 
 and experience, thought it not beneath them to appear and plead before those 
 so greatly their inferiors in all else but gentlemanly deportment. 
 
 "The first case called for trial at the December term, 1784, was that of 
 Com. vs. George Wallace, for an assault and battery. The records say 
 that ' the defendant, being charged, humbly alleges that he is not willing to 
 contend with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania concerning the charge, but 
 submits to the court, with a protestation of his innocence, and prays to be 
 admitted to pay a small fine.' His 'humble petition ' was granted, and he 
 was fined 5 shillings and the cost. 
 
 ' ' Andrew Dunlop was born near Shippensburg, read law with Hon. Jasper 
 Teates, at Lancaster, and was admitted here to practice at the September term, 
 1785. He was not a very well educated man, but possessed a fine mind and 
 great reasoning powers, though he was not an eloquent speaker. He was, 
 however, a good lawyer, especially for the defense — adroit and skillful in the 
 management of a cause, quick to seize upon the defects in his opponent' s 
 case, and ready in turning them to his own advantage. He was a man of 
 large frame and fine personal appearance, very witty and very social. He did 
 a large business and amassed an independent fortune, which was aftei-ward 
 sunk in the iron business with his frther-in-law. Gen. James Chambers, at the 
 Loudon Iron Works. Mr. Dunlop built the house now owned by B. F. Nead, 
 Esq. , and had his office for several years in the house immediately west of it. 
 He then built the house now owned and occupied by Mr. D. O. Gehr, and had 
 his office in the room in which J. W. Douglass, Esq., has his law office. 
 
 "William Bradford, LL. D., appears to have been admitted to the bar at 
 this time, although I have not been able to find any memorandum of the date 
 

HI8T0EY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 409 
 
 ■of his admission. The records of the county quarter sessions, at the December 
 term, 1784, in a case of assault and battery against one Thos. McClearen, show 
 the following entry supposed to be in the handwi-iting of Mr. Bradford: 
 'September Sessions, 1785. Republica non vult ulterius prosequi. Wm. 
 Bradford, Att'y General.' Mr. Bradford was one of the most remarkable 
 men of the last century, and one of the brightest intellects this country ever 
 produced. He was born in Philadelphia, September 14, 1755, graduated at 
 Princeton College in 1772, read law under Hon. Edward Shippen, and was 
 admitted to practice in the supreme court in March, 1779. When independ- 
 ence was declared in 1776, he abandoned his legal studies, entered the army 
 as a volunteer; was created a colonel by a vote of Congress, in April, 1777, and 
 served with distinction until April 1, 1779, when he resigned on account of 
 ill health. In August, 1780, when only twenty-five years of age and but 
 little more than one year at the bar, he was appointed attorney-general of the 
 State, by Hon. Joseph Eeed, president of the Supreme Executive Council. 
 This position he held with great honor to himself, until August 22j 1791 
 ■when Gov. Mifflin appointed him an associate judge of the supreme court, and 
 as a crowning glory to his rapidly rising fame, President Washington, in Jan- 
 uary, 1794, commissioned him Attorney -General of the United States, in place 
 of Edmund Randolph, who became Secretary of State. He died August 
 23, 1795, not having completed his fortieth year, yet within his brief life he 
 exhibited more talents, achieved more honors, and secured more permanent 
 benefits to suffering humanity, than any other man of his day. His mind was 
 pure and noble, his eloquence of the highest order, and his language uniformly 
 chaste and classical. His heart was the seat of every tender emotion, alive to 
 all the suffering of his kind; and it was while on the supreme bench, basking 
 in the smiles of public favor, that his philanthropic feelings directed the powers 
 of his mighty intellect toward the modification of our criminal code, then yet 
 tinged vyith the sanguinary hues of the English common law; and to thQ 
 force of his reasoning, and the clearness of the statements contained in his 
 celebrated report to the Legislature, are we indebted for the passage of the act 
 of April 22, 1794, establishing two grades of murder, and declaring that there- 
 after the punishment of death should be inflicted only in case of conviction of 
 murder in the first degree. 
 
 "At the December term, 1785, the gobd people of Chambersburg witnessed 
 the infliction of a couple of those punishments, then so frequent^ so degrading 
 to the individual punished, so brutal in the mode of their administration, so 
 repulsive in their character to the finer feelings of our nature, and for the aboli- 
 tion of which Mr. Bradford so successfully labored at a later day. According 
 to the records of our court of quarter sessions, a certain John Thompson was 
 at that term convicted of larceny upon nine several indictments, and was sen- 
 tenced to receive, each day, for nine successive days thereafter (Sunday ex- 
 cepted), between 9 and 11 o'clock, A. M., twenty lashes on his bare back well 
 laid on, pay the costs of prosecution and stand committed. 
 
 " In another case at the same term, Alex. Burns and Wm. Johnson were 
 jointly convicted of a similar offense, larceny, and were eaph sentenced by the 
 court to pay a fine of £40, to stand one hour in the pillory, to receive thirty- 
 nine lashes on t^eir bare backs, well laid on; to have their ears cut off and 
 nailed to the pillory; to be committed to the jail six months, and to pay the 
 costs of prosecution. The pillory and whipping-post were then on the lot 
 where the Franklin Hall now is, and the old court-house not having yet been 
 erected, the infliction of the punishment was in the most public place in the 
 tcfwn; and the impression created by such exhibitions could neither have been 
 
 22 
 
410 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 to the advancement of the public morals nor the reformation of the outraged 
 ofEender against the laws. Who inflicted the setitence of the law, or how 
 much of the ears were cut off, I can not tell; but certainly the cropped-eared. 
 sufferer might well exclaim: 
 
 He that steals my good name steals trash, 
 But he that cuts my ears off 
 Takes that which will not enrich him, 
 But makes me poor indeed. 
 
 "At the March term, 1786, the proceedings were somewhat varied, and.th& 
 scene transferred from the bar to the bench. Noah Abraham, Esq., one of 
 the judges of the court, appears to have taken a ' wee drop ' too much, where- 
 upon the grand jury made the following presentment to the court: 
 
 On complaint to the grand jury on Noah Abraham, Esq., they think that he is DU- 
 guU'd ws. Spirits and hereby present him to this court. 
 
 James Ramsey, Foreman. 
 Franklin County, March 15, 1786. 
 
 "This presentment, I presume, was not thought grave and formal enough 
 for the magnitude of the offense, and accordingly another was drawn up by 
 Thos. Hartley, Esq., the deputy attorney-general for the county, in the fol- 
 lowing form: 
 
 The grand jury for the county of Franklin do present Noah Abraham, Esq., tor 
 drunkenness upon the Bench and appearing unworthily and disgracefully before the Pub- 
 lic, to the evil example of the People^and against the laws of the Commonwealth. 
 
 James Ramsey, Foreman. 
 
 ' ' The record says that the court, in the presence of the said Noah Abraham, 
 upon full evidence and due consideration, did adjudge him guilty of th© 
 charge, and fined him 5s., and ordered that his case be submitted to the 
 General Assembly and Supreme Executive Council. It is most likely that Noah 
 Abraham was promptly removed from office, as wa do not hear of him again; 
 and what a blessed thing it would be if all public officers, who in like mannei 
 offend, would be similarly dealt with! What a host of ex-governors, ex-con- 
 gressmen, ex-senators, ex-legislators, ex-judges and ex-office holders generally 
 we should soon have! 
 
 " At September term, 1786, Col. Jas. Smith, of York, was admitted to our 
 bar. He was an Irishman by birth, came to this country when very young, 
 and settled in the ' Barrens ' of York County. He received his educatiou 
 under Dr. Allison, of Philadelphia, but where he read law, I know not. H© 
 was, however, a practicing lawyer for over sixty years, and had a very exten- 
 sive and lucrative business in the eastern counties of this State. In the year 
 1776, when some of the delegates from Pennsylvania, La the first Continental 
 Congress, hesitated and shrunk from the responsibility and danger of declar- 
 ing independence, the Pennsylvania convention . at once recalled its timid 
 representatives, and elected others of sterner stuff, to carry out the well-known 
 wishes of the convention and people of our State. Col. Smith was one of the 
 new delegates thus elected to the Congress of 1776. The Declaration was 
 agreed to before Col. Smith took his seat in Congress, the vote of Pennsylvania 
 having been cast in favor by the staying away of the fearful members from 
 our State. The engrossed copy .of that immortal charter of human rights 
 was signed August 2, 1776, and, the new delegates then having taken their 
 seats, the name of James Smith appears appended to it. Col. Smith com- 
 manded a regiment in the Pennsylvania line during the Eevolutionary war. 
 At times he would be at the head of his soldiers in the field, fighting the bat- 
 tles of his adopted country, and again be discharging his duties as a member 
 
HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 411 
 
 of that immortal body, the Congress of 1776. He was an active and efficient 
 member of many committees, and brought to the discharge of his duties an 
 ardent love for liberty and independence, and wisdom, intelligence and judg- 
 ment, surpassed by few of his coadjutors. The position he held in the con- 
 fidence of his fellow members, may be judged of by the fact that he was one of 
 the committee of five to whom Congress, in November, 1779, gave full powers 
 to carry on the whole business of the war, and to devise and execute measm-es 
 for effectually reinforcing Gen. ")A/^ashington, and obstructing the army of 
 Gen. Howe. A greater trust was never committed to human hands and human 
 judgment, and faithfully arid well was it executed. 
 
 " Jasper Yeates was admitted to our bar at March term, 1790, but so far as 
 I can ascertain, never practiced much here. He resided in Lancaster City, 
 and had, for years previous to his admission here, been practicing with great 
 eminence and success in the eastern counties of the State. He was considered 
 an excellent lawyer, and had a high reputation for knowledge in legal lore and 
 classic literature. He was tall and portly, had a handsome florid complexion, 
 benignant contenance and large blue eyes. He possessed great wealth, and 
 though somewhat penurious, was a great lover of society, and entered deeply 
 into the enjoyments and pleasures of convivial and fashionable life. On the 
 2l8t of March, 1791, he was appointed, by Gov. Mifflin, one of the associate 
 justices of the supreme court of this State, which important position he 
 filled with great honor until his death, in the beginning of the year 1817. 
 During this period, he frequently sat in the circuit and supreme courts held in 
 and for this county. 
 
 " Samuel Riddle was born in Adams County, studiedJaw with his brother, 
 James Riddle, in this place, and was admitted to the bar at December term, 
 1790. After his admission he removed to Huntingdon, and subsequently to 
 Bedford, where he remained until his brother James was appointed presi- 
 dent judge of this judicial district in the spring of 1794. He then returned 
 here and took the judge's office, the building now occupied by Lewis Byster 
 as a tinner shop, and succeeded to much of the judge' s large practice. He was 
 very industrious and painstaking, and being introduced to the people by his 
 brother, obtained quite a large business, and made much money. He was a 
 man of a very speculative turn of mind, and wasted his large fortune by injii- 
 dicious investments and improvements. While at Bedford he built a largo 
 brick house, much too large, indeed, for the wants of his own or any other 
 ordinary-sized family. He also, at a subsequent period, planted a peach 
 orchard on the top of Parnell's Knob, and built a still-house, for the manufac- 
 ture of peach brandy, at the same elevated locality. But he did not stop there, 
 for he also erected a chopping-mill and saw-mill at the same place, and 
 thus gave it the cognomen by which it has since been so generally known. 
 Mr. Riddle was an ardent Federalist, and upon the establishment of a 
 Democratic paper here in 1790, he took umbrage at something contained in 
 one of its numbers, and having attempted to cowhide- the editors, Messrs. 
 McCorkle and Snowden, in their own sanctum, got the worst of the battle. 
 That, I doubt not, was one of the Democratic victories achieved in the county 
 of Franklin. In person Mr. Riddle was tall and spare, and had a very promi- 
 nent, arched nose. He was very sociable and pleasant in his manners, and 
 was a general favorite among those who knew him. He died, in 1820, in the 
 house now owned and occupied by D. 0. Gehr, Esq. 
 
 " David Watts was admitted to our bar at the December term, 1790. He 
 resided at Carlisle, and was the father of the Hon. Frederick Watts, of that 
 place,. He was an excellent lawyer, and did a considerable business here for 
 
412 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 •many years. He was a short, thick-set man, of great muscular powers, and 
 free and sociable manners. At one time he Tjas engaged for the prosecution, 
 against a man named John Gelvin, charged with the commission of an atro- 
 cious offense against law and morals. He was very severe upon the defendant, 
 who, while making great professions of religion and long and loud prayers in 
 public, had been a hypocrite at heart, and guilty of the most sinful acts. 
 This hypocrisy Mr. Watts boldly exposed and denounced, and Gelvin, who 
 had left the court-house unable to stand the withering invective of the fearless 
 advocate, told his neighbors and friends that he would thrash Mr. Watts as 
 soon as he came out of court. Such a threat, of course, soon became widely 
 known, and a large crowd gathered round to see the fun. At length Mr. 
 Watts finished his speech, left the court hall, and crossed the Diamond to 
 the old ' Green Tree Hotel, ' which stood where the ' Franklin Hotel' now 
 stands, followed by Gelvin, who, however, said nothing to him. The hotel 
 liad a long porch in front, and the windows of the sitting room into which 
 Mr. Watts had retired, opened upon it. It was summer, the windows were 
 up, and Gelvin walked to one of them and called Mr. Watts to him. ' What 
 do you want ? ' said Mr. Watts, who saw that something was in the wind. ' I 
 want satisfaction for what you said in the court-house against my character,' 
 said Gelvin. 'You shall have it, sir,' said Watts, and immediately knocked 
 him head over heels oif the porch. Gelvin gathered himself up fully satisfied, 
 and left, amidst the jeers and shouts of the large crowd of observers, whom 
 his own vain boastings had drawn together. 
 
 " James Orbison was admitted to our bar at the March term, 1791. He was 
 a large-sized man, inclined to be fat — very much of a gentleman, but not much 
 of a lawyer, although he did considerable business. He died here about the 
 year 1812, and was buried in the Presbyterian graveyard. Like several others 
 of the legal pp if ession, who died here and are buried in the same yard, there 
 is no stone to mark where his mortal remains were placed. 
 
 " William M. Brown was born at Brown' s Mill, in Antrim Township. He 
 ■was a graduate of Princeton College, read law with Attorney- General Brad- 
 ford, at Philadelphia, then settled here; was admitted to the bar at the Sep- 
 tember term, 1791 ; shortly after, married Miss Hetty Chambers, a daughter of 
 Col. Benj. Chambers, and speedily obtained a very large practice. He built 
 the house now occupied by Col. A. K. McClure, and had his ofiSce in the small 
 building adjoining on the east. He was a good lawyer, an eloquent and pleas- 
 ant speaker, and a very successful advocate, amassing a large fortune by his 
 profession. He was a man of about five feet, ten inches high, rather spare in 
 flesh, of very highly cultivated mind, polished manners and social qualities. 
 He was also very neat and tasty in his dress, and paid great attention to his 
 personal appearance. He inherited from his father the property in Mont- 
 gomery Township, now known as 'the old Slitting Mill,' and in order to get 
 a good water-power, bought the farm above, containing 160 acres, from a Mr. 
 Shaffer, at 1200 per acre, amounting to $32,000. He spent a large sum of money 
 putting up buildings and machinery for the rolling of sheets of iron and mak- 
 ing nails, and, when the financial crisis, which succeeded the war of 1812, 
 came upon the country, land fell enormously, and the property just spoken of 
 was subsequently sold under the pressure of the times for 18,000. This and 
 other losses broke Mr. Brown up, and he then removed to the State of Ten- 
 nessee, and then to Mississippi, and there died in the year 1843, aged about 
 -eighty years. ° 
 
 " James Duncan was admitted to our bar at the April term, 1792 He re- 
 .aded at Carlisle, and was the brother of , the Hon. Thos. Duncan, already 
 
HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 413" 
 
 spoken of. Mr. Duncan was considered a good lawyer, although he was a -very 
 indifferent speaker. He was a good collector, and did a considerable amount 
 of business in that line and the Orphans' Court. He was auditor-general of 
 the State under Gov. Heister, with whom he was very intimate, and who re- 
 posed great confidence in his integrity and abilities. He was a small-sized 
 man, much like his brother, the judge, and so far as I can learn, did a con- 
 siderable business here for some years. 
 
 " James Brotherton was born on his ancestral estate, at the HoUywell Paper- 
 mill. He was a good lawyer, though not much of a speaker, and did a large 
 business. He was a small man, of spare body and delicate constitution, and 
 died of consumption about the year 1806, in the old brick house which stood 
 where the Franklin Hall now stands. He was unmarried, and had his office in 
 the corner room of the same building. He and the late Thos. G. McCulloh, 
 Esq. , then just admitted to the bar, were very intimate, and McCulloh attend- 
 ed to his business during the latter part of his life, and succeeded to it uponr 
 his death. 
 
 " Samuel Hughes, Esq., the father of Maj. Holker Hughes, lived at Hagers- 
 town, and pursued the practice of law. Through his wife, who was Miss 
 Holker, he inherited the iron works and large landed estates connected thereto^ 
 where the family have so long resided, situated in Quincy Township, in this 
 county. Mr. Hughes had a very extended reputation as a speaker, but his 
 legal abilities were not of the highest order. He was admitted here at the 
 December term, 1795, most probably to attend to some personal interest, as I" 
 can not learn that he ever practiced much at our bar. He was a man of 
 fine personal appearance and very social habits. 
 
 " Saml. W. Culbertson, a cousin of our esteemed and venerable townsman. 
 Dr. S. D. Culbertson, read law here under James Osborne, Esq. ; was admit 
 ted to the bar at the April term, 1801. He was a good lawyer, very tall, thin 
 in person, and did a considerable business. He moved to the West not long 
 after his admission. 
 
 " William Osborne was admitted here at August term, 1801 ; removed tc 
 Huntingdon, Penn. , and died there last year. He was an industrious, atten- 
 tive and reliable lawyer, though not very brilliant. He did a large collecting 
 business, and died well off. His person was small, and his habits pleasant 
 and agreeable. 
 
 " William Maxwell resided in Gettysburg, but was admitted here at August 
 term, 1801. The political feeling and animosities of this country never, 1 
 think, ran so high as in those days of Federalism and Democracy. This 
 county was intensely Federal, all the members of the bar being connected with 
 that party. It was impossible, therefore, for the Hon. Jos. B. McKoan, the 
 attorney- general, to appoint a deputy out of our bar, and he accordingly- 
 selected Mr. Maxwell, of Adams County, for that post. He was a man of 
 moderate abilities, a great Democrat in feeling, and attending faithfully to the- 
 growing interests of the rising party. 
 
 " James Dobbin was admitted to our bar at April term, 1802. I knew him 
 personally in the latter years of his life, and often thought that in\ much 
 resembled 'Dominie Sampson' of Scott's 'Guy Mannering.' For ihe fol- 
 lowing description of his life and singular peculiarities, I am indebted to Robt. 
 G. Harper, Esq., of Gettysburg. Mr. Harper says: 'I knew Mr. Dobbin 
 from my childhood, and from that time until his death I was almost th( 
 daily observer of his eccentricities. He had a singularly constitutive! mind. 
 He was one of the best classical scholars of the day. His father, the Rev. Dr. 
 Dobbin, was the first teacher of the "languages " in this region, and was him 
 
414 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 self a very fine scholar. His son, J as. Dobbin, of whom we now speak, 
 assisted his father in the school, and by this means became a splendid linguist, 
 and so thorough was his familiarity with the classical writers, and so retentive 
 was his memory, that to the last of his long life he would quote passage after 
 passage, ad libitum, from Homer, Virgil, Horace and others, and was the 
 "book of reference" for us all in disputes upon such subjects. [I will here 
 mention, by the way, that this school of Dr. Dobbin furnished most of the 
 educated men of this region. Judge Reed, formerly president judge of this 
 judicial district, was one; Rev. Dr. Knox, of New York, and many others I 
 can not at this moment recall. ] 
 
 " ' James Dobbin was very learned in the law. He was always a student, and 
 80 powerful was his memory, that he rarely, if ever, forgot anything. Princi- 
 ples, decisions, etc., were safely lodged in his great treasure-house, and he 
 could draw upon it at any time. For many years his brethren at the bar here 
 would go to him when any abstruse point would present itself, and he would 
 " help them out, " by giving " day and date," " book and page. " He was in- 
 deed extraordinary in this particular, and not only in the law, but in the history 
 of the world and of the church, the geography of the earth and the manners 
 and customs of nations he was completely "booked up" — in short he was 
 what you might term a walking encyclopedia. I will mention, by way of 
 illustration, one instance: During the struggle of the Greeks, many years 
 ago, for liberty, he was most deeply concerned, and he was every evening in 
 the of&ce to hear of news from that quarter. It appeared to enlist his every 
 feeling. When a battle was had and town or place noted, he would at once speak 
 of the effect upon the cause. He was so familiar with Greece, from his cld^sical 
 knowledge of its localities, that he could at once judge of the progress of af- 
 fairs; and one day, to show me the state of afPairs there, he sat down and 
 made a correct map of that country, just from his old acquired knowledge, show- 
 ing the cities, the towns and the scenes of hostilities. I mention this to 
 show his power of memory, and the amount of knowledge he possessed. And 
 with the history of the church, I presume no divine was more familiar. He could 
 give you dates, persons and incidents of its eventful history. In short he was 
 an extraordinary man in these particulars. Yet with all this knowledge he 
 was not a practical man, and could not apply it profitably to himself. He was 
 very credulous and would give credence most generally to the most farcical 
 and ridiculous inventions of those around him, who, knowing his weak point 
 of character, would amuse themselves in playing upon his credulity. It ap- 
 peared to give him pleasure, and was, generally speaking, a gratifying matter 
 to him to join in the laugh. He was for many years the highest source of 
 amusement, for, pleasing himself, he was ever inducing others to be amused, 
 and those who were the most frequently engaged in this matter were the per- 
 sons to whom his steps were the most frequently directed. 
 
 " ' To a stranger looking upon him in the street, he would appear to be a 
 deranged man, for he was almost continually walking there, and making his 
 speeches, in fancy, to the court and jury. Hei would throw his arms into 
 every position, as though he was arguing a cause, and sometimes in the most 
 energetic and impassioned manner, completely absorbed by his subject, and 
 unconscious of anything passing around him. He would go in and out of his 
 office probably a hundred times a day; he never could be at rest, but was 
 always studymg or arguing some cause, and with his key in his hand, would 
 strike it down upon some post or anything that presented itself, by way of 
 clinching the argument," as he one day said. Hundreds of incidents might 
 be given of his eccentricities— indeed, their name is legion. 
 
HISTORY OF PEANKHN COUNTY. 415 
 
 " ' From hia want of power to apply practically his great knowledge, he be- 
 came reduced pecuniarily, and he boarded at the alms house during the latter 
 jears of his life, receiving that, as he said and thought, as a compensation for 
 the legal advice he gave the directors. This soothed his feelings' under the 
 'Change in his affairs, as he at one time had some property. He came in daily 
 to town, waiting for practice, until his physical powers gave way entirely and 
 he was removed from earth. His brethren of the bar attended to his remains, 
 and he was interred in a highly reputable manner, becoming his standing 
 as a lawyer and a scholar. I do not know his exact age but think he was 
 somewhat over seventy years old. He was a man about five feet, ten inches 
 n height, of spare visage and delicate frame. He was very fond of military 
 fame, and for many years acted as an ensign in the militia, and was very fond 
 of his office. By way of amusement, the "b'toys" elected him general some" 
 years ago, and he exhibited himself several times in full uniform borrowed for 
 the occasion, and was the proudest man in the land. He was a volunteer at 
 Baltimore in 1814, and exhibited great energy and determination. I would 
 give you a great many incidents which might be amusing, but I suppose what 
 I have said will suffice. ' 
 
 " The review I have given you embraces the most prominent members of our 
 bar, from the organization of this county up to April, 1802, a period of nearly 
 eighteen years. During that time twenty-six other gentlemen were admitted, 
 ■of whom I have said nothing as they either practiced very little or removed 
 io the great West. Since then 193 others have been licensed to practice law 
 by our courts, many of whom are still pursuing their profession at various 
 points in this mighty republic. Among the talented and illustrious dead who 
 formerly practiced in our courts I might name Hon. Thos. G. McCulloh, 
 Hon. James Dunlop, Hon. Alex. Mahon, Hon. Alex. Thompson, Joseph Cham- 
 bers, David Snively, Matthew St. Clair Clarke, John F. Denny, Saml. Alex- 
 ander, Archibald I. Finley, John S. Eiddle, Bead Washington, Eobert M. 
 Bard and others. And among the living who have been connected with us and 
 have shed honor upon our profession and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of 
 their countrymen, we can, with pride, point to Hon,. George Chambers, Hon. 
 Thomas H. Crawford, Hon. James M. BusseU, His Excellency James Buchan- 
 .an. President of the United States, Hon. Eobert McClennan, Hon. Joseph E, 
 Brady, Hon. James Cooper, Hon. Frederick Watts, Hon. J. X. McLanahan, 
 Frederick Smith, Esq. , and numerous others, but they are all so well known to 
 most of you it would be a waste of time to speak of them. " 
 
 We present now the roster of judges and attorneys in Franklin County 
 irom the date of its organization. 
 
 LIST OF PRESIDENT AND ASSOCIATE JUDGES. 
 
 Fourth District. — This district was composed of Franklin, Bedford, Hunt- 
 ingdon and Mifflin Counties. President judge, Thomas Smith, from Aug- 
 ust 20, 1791, to January 31, 1794 Associates: James, McDowell, first; 
 James Maxwell, second; George Matthews, third; James McCammont, fourth. 
 
 Fourth District, 1794. — Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Huntiugdon and 
 Mifflin Counties. President judge, James Eiddle, of Chambersbnrg, from 
 February 4, 1794, to latter part of 1804. Associates: James McDowell, 
 ■George Matthews, James McCammont; James Chambers, from November 12, 
 1795, until his death, April 25, 1805. 
 
 Ninth District, 1806. — Adams, Cumberland and Franklin Counties. Presi- 
 ■dent judge, James Hamilton, of Carlisle, from March 1, 1806, to March 13, 
 1819. Associates: James McCammont, tUl his death, in 1809; James Maxr 
 
416 HI8T0BY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 well; James McDowell; William McClay, September 2, 1809; Archibald Bard, 
 April 2, 1811 ; Isaac Eaton, January 9, 1815. 
 
 Ninth District, 1819. — Adams, CuiJiberland and Franklin Counties. Presi- 
 dent judge, Charles Smith, of Carlisle, from March 27, 1819, to April 27, 
 1820. Associates: Archibald Bard, Isaac Eaton. 
 
 Ninth District, 1820. — Cumberland, Franklin, Adams and Perry Counties. 
 President judge, John Reed, of Carlisle, from July 10, 1820, till March 29, 1824. 
 Associates: Archibald Bard; Isaac Eaton; Jacob Oyster, August 23, 1823. 
 
 Sixteenth District, 1824.— Franklin,Bedford and Somerset Counties. Formed 
 March 29. 1824, President judge, John Tod, of Bedford, appointed June 
 8, 1824; served till May 25, 1827, when he was appointed a justice of the 
 supreme court. Associates, Archibald Bard; Jacob Oyster. 
 
 Sixteenth District, 1827. — Franklin, Bedford and Somerset Counties. Presi- 
 dent judge, Alexander Thompson, of Bedford, from June 25, 1827, till 1842. 
 Associates, Archibald Bard; Jacob Oyster; Matthew Patton, from October 9, 
 1830; Wm. McKesson, from November 7, 1832; Robert Smith, from Decembei 
 12, 1836. 
 
 By the constitution of 1838, the terms of the judges then in commission 
 were shortened and terminated;. and thereafter the president judges were nom- 
 inated by the governor, with the consent of the Senate, to hold ten years, 
 and associate judges, five years. 
 
 Sixteenth District, 1842. — Franklin, Bedford and Somerset Counties. Presi- 
 dent judge, Jeremiahs. Black, of Somerset, from June 30, 1841, to first Mon- 
 day in December, 1851. Associates: Robert Smith; James J. Kennedy, March 
 5, 1842; Samuel Dun, March 5, 1843; Henry Ruby, March 5, 1847; John 
 Orr, March 9, 1848. 
 
 By the amendment to the constitution of 1850, the judges were all made- 
 elective. 
 
 Sixteenth District, 1852. — Franklin, Fulton, Bedford and Somerset Coun- 
 ties. President judge, Francis M. Kimmell, of Somerset, from first Monday 
 in December, 1851. Associates, James L. Black; Thomas Pomeroy;. John Hu- 
 ber; James O. Carson; John Orr. 
 
 Sixteenth District, 1862. — Franklin, Fulton, Bedford and Somerset Coun- 
 ties. President judge, James Nill, of Chambersburg, from first Monday in De- 
 cember, 1861, till his death. May 27, 1864. Associates, John Orr, James 0. 
 Carson, first Monday in December, 1861 ; W. W. Paxton, first Monday in De- 
 cember, 1862. 
 
 Sixteenth District, 1864. — Franklin, Fulton, Bedford and Somerset Coun- 
 ties. President judge, Alexander King,*of Bedford, from June 4, 1864, till his- 
 death, January 10, 1871. Associates: James O. Carson; W. W. Paxton; James. 
 Ferguson, from first Monday in December, 1866; John Armstrong, from first 
 Monday in December, 1867. Additional law judge, D. Watson Rowe.t 
 from March 18, 1868. 
 
 Sixteenth District, 1871. —Franklin, Fulton, Bedford and Somerset Counties. 
 President judge, William M. Hall, J of Bedford, from February 1, 1871, to 
 April 17, 1874. Additio nal law judge. D. Watson Rowe. Associates, 
 
 •Judge King was appointed June 4, 1864,tofiUthevacanoy caused by the death ot Judge NUl. Hewaseleot- 
 ed president judge in October, 1864, and commissioned December 3, 1864, for ten years 
 
 .„ r..*Ji fL?'7®7"* appointed additional law judge, March 18, 1868. He was elected to the same nosition 
 In October, 1868, for ten years from first Monday in December, 1868. Under the constitution of 1873 rtanklin 
 
 1878. 
 
 ^n n J^w 'i'!.7^ J^' f iTf ''™"7; '"^' '" ''" ]^^ ■'•cancy caused by the death of Judge King; nominated and elect- 
 wbS, in^tf;,iii ',I"..,'"i H™ ?J^'?," P^?- 1^^ ?''''"=' '^^""e been divided, BeSford and Somerset Counties 
 were continued as the Sixteenth District, and Judge Hall continues to preside there 
 
^^- ^ 
 
 '<s?^-^-c. 
 
HI8T0BY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 411) 
 
 James Ferguson; John Armstrong; James D. McDowell, from first Monday in 
 December, 1871; David Oaks, from first Monday in December, 1872. 
 
 Thirty -ninth District, 1874. — Franklin and Fulton Counties. President 
 judge, D. Watson Eowe from April 17, 1874. Associates, James D. Mc- 
 Dowell, David Oaks, till his death, December 2, 1874. 
 
 The county, having the requisite 40, 000 inhabitants, has had no associate 
 judges since the expiration of the commission of James D. McDowell, first 
 Monday in December, 1876. 
 
 In 1878 Judge Rowe was re-elected president judge of the Thirty-ninth 
 District for anotiier term of ten years, but, in 1883, Fulton County was de- 
 tached from this district, leaving Judge Kowe with Franklin only. 
 
 LIST OF ATTORNEYS. 
 
 The following is a list of attorneys, with the date of the term of their admis- 
 sion to the bar: John Clark, September, 1784; Robert Magaw, December, 
 1784; Thomas Hartley, December, 1784; James Hamilton, December, 1784; 
 Thomas Duncan, December, 1784; Thomas Smith, December, 1784; Ross 
 Thompson, December, 1784; Ralph Bowie, December, 1784; James Ross, De- 
 cember, 1784; James Riddle, December, 1784; Stephen Chambers, December, 
 1784; JohnM. McDowell, December, 1784; Andrew Dunlop, September, 1785; 
 William Bradford, Jr., September, 1785; James Carson, September, 1786; 
 James Smith, September, 1786; Jasper Teates, March, 1790; Samuel Riddle, 
 December, 1790; David Watts, December, 1790; James Orbison, March, 1791; 
 McSteel Sample, March, 1791; Thomas Hartley,* March, 1791; Thomas 
 Duncan,* March, 1791; James Riddle,* March, 1791; itendrew Dunlop, March, 
 1791; William M. Brown, September, 1791; John Smith, September, 1791; 
 Samuel Riddle,* September, 1791; George Smith, September, 1791; John 
 Clark,* September, 1791; Richard Smith, April, 1792; James Duncan, April, 
 1792; John Cadwallader, April, 1792; George Armstrong, April, 1793; Will- 
 iam Claggett, April, 1793; Jonathan Henderson, April, 1793; William Bar- 
 ber, April, 1794; James Crawford, April, 1794; Parker Campbell, April, 1794; 
 William Clark, April, 1794; Paul Morrow April, 1794; James Brotherton, 
 May, 1795; Samuel Hughes, December, 1795; Thomas Bailey, December, 
 1795; Joseph Shannon, December, 1795; George Jennings, December, 1796; 
 William Reynolds, December, 1796; John F. Jack, December, 1796; Joseph 
 Parks, December, 1798; Robert Haselhirst, December, 1798; James Kelly, 
 December, 1799; S. W. Culbertson, April, 1801; Robert Hays, April, 1801; 
 William Orbison, August, 1801; William Maxwell, August, 1801; Jonathan 
 Haightj August, 1801; James Daubins, April, 1802; Wm. L. Kelley (from 
 N. J.) April, 1802; William Ross, April, 1803; Alex. Lyon, April, 1803; 
 OthoShroder, April, 1803; John I. StuU (from Maryland), April, 1803; Josiah 
 Espy, April, 1803; James Carson, April, 1806; Thomas G. McCulloh, April 
 8, 1806; Andrew Boggs, April, 1806; Samuel Leeper, April, 1806; David 
 Snively, January 12, 1807; tFpton Lawrence, 1807; George Chambers, No- 
 vember 9, 1807; Thomas H. Crawford, November 10, 1807; James M. 
 Russell, November 10, 1807; John McConnoUy, 1807; Andrew Caru- 
 thers, 1808; Elijah Mendenhall, 1808; William L. Brent, 1808; Wilson Elliott, 
 1809; Charles B. Ross, 1810; George Ross, 1810; Daniel Hughes, 1810; 
 George Metzger, lill; Alexander Mahon, August, 1811; M. St. Clair Clarke, 
 October, 1811; Richard W. Lane, 1812; John Larkel, 1812; James Bu- 
 chanan,! January, 1813; William Irwin, 1813; John Johnson, 1813; Will- 
 
 *Those gentlemen marked thus were re-sworn after the adoption of the constitution of 1790. 
 
 tiaemorandam of professional emolumeus Irom 1813-29: 181», 8938; 18U,$l,n96; 1815, 'Hi^'.n l?'n Jili' 
 18W, t5.379; UU, $7,915; 1819, (t7,()92; H20, ((6,665; 1821-22, Jll,297; 1823, 47,243; 1825,84,521; 1826, (2,419; lb27, 
 12,570; 1828, 82,<i08; 1829, 83,362. 
 
420 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 iam S. Finley, 1817; James Dunlop, 1817; Paul I. Hetich, 1817; Samuel 
 liiggett, 1818; James McDowell, 1818; William Chambers, 1818; Frederick 
 Smith, April, 1818; Burr Harrison, 1819; Samuel Ramsay, 1820; Hugh Tor- 
 rence, 1820; Samuel Alexander, August, 1820; Jaiies Eiddle, 1820; Robert 
 M. McDowell, 1821; John F. Denny, August 24, 1821; Joseph Chambers, 
 1821; EbingerS. Finley, 1821; John Williamson, 1821; Archibald I. Find- 
 lay, April 21, 1821; George Augustus Shryock, August, 1822; Jacob Ma- 
 deira, 1823; Richard Bard, 1823; John A. Sterrett, 1823; Andrew Davison, 
 1823; William Miller, Jr., 1823; Thomas Chambers, 1824; David R. Denny, 
 1824; John S. Riddle, 1824; Reade Washington, August 10, 1824; 
 Thomas Harbison, 1825; William S. Buchanan, 1826; Leonard S. Johns, 
 1827; Michael Gallaher, 1827; Jasper Ewing Brady, August 14, 1827; 
 William M. Greer, 1827; James M. Reynolds, 1828; Andrew P. Wilson, 1829; 
 James X. McLanahan, January 11, 1830; James H. Hepburn, 1830; James 
 Nill, April 8, 1830; John McGinley, 1830; Daniel Denny, 1831; Joseph 
 Minnick, 1831; Robert McLelland, November 15, 1831; Humphrey Robinson, 
 1832; Andrew Howlett, 1832; Robert M. Bard, January 14, 1834; A. J. Dur- 
 boraw, 1834; N. C. Snider, 1835; JohnW. Reges, 1835; B. Bordley Crawford, 
 1835; James W. Buchanan, 1835; Wilson Reilly, April 4, 1837; Robert Quig- 
 ley, 1837; 0. S. Eyster, 1837; Jamas W. McKinstry, 1837; William C. Augh- 
 inbaugh, 1838; William McLellan, October 2, 1838; Joseph Nill, 1838; Exper- 
 ience Estabrook, 1839; John C. Williamson, 1839; William R. Rankin, 1839; 
 Theodore Friend, 1839; George Chambers, Jr., 1839; James C. Moody, 1840; 
 Isaac H. McOauley, Aprjl 10, 1840; Hugh W. Reynolds, 1840; John A. Pow- 
 ell, 1841; E. Crawford Washington, 1841; E. M. Biddle, 1841; Frederick 
 Watts, 1841; Samuel H Tate, 1841; Alexander H. McCulloh, 1841; Cyrus G. 
 French, 1841; W. V. Davis, 1841; Edward F. Stewart, 1842; Alexander 
 Thompson, Sr.,* 1842; William Baker, 1842; Hoa. James Cooper, 1842; David 
 F. Robinson, 1843; Jacob H. Heyser, 1843 ; Benjamin Chambers, 1843; Lewis C. 
 Levin, 1843; James S. Ross, 1843; Abner M. Fuller, 1844; Louis M. Hughes, 
 1844; Alexander Thomson, Jr., 1844; George W. Brewer, 1844; John M. Rade- 
 baugh, 1845; Henry A. Mish, 1845; Robert P. McClure, 1845; John 
 Scott, 1846; J. Parker Fleming, 1846; Alfred H. Smith, 1846; Victorine N. 
 Firor, 1846; Washington Crooks, 1846; Frederick M. Adams, 1847; John C. 
 Culbertson, 1847; Frederick Smith, August 10, 1847; John Cessna, January 
 17, 1848; Edward G. Behm, January 19, 1848; Thomas B. Kennedy, April 11, 
 1848; J. Randolph CoflProth, November 2, 1848; Perry A. Rice, November 2, 
 1848; Lyman S. Clark, November 2, 1848; Henry L. Fisher, August 17, 1849; 
 Thomas M. Carlisle, August 17, 1849; Thomas B. McFarland, January 25, 
 1850; JohnG. Lemon, April 10, 1850; William Adams, April 10, 1850; Boliver 
 B. Bonner, January 22, 1851; David R. B. Nevin, Januai722, 1851; JohnDosh, 
 January 22, 1851; J. McDowell Sharpe, March 11, 1851; Francis M. Kimmell, 
 president judge from December, 1851, to December, 1861; A. R. Cornyn, August 
 20, 1851; William V. Davis, March 10, 1852 ; Andrew N. Rankin, April 14, 1852; 
 Frederick Watts, April 14, 1852; Thomas L. Fletcher, August 9, 1852; Columbus 
 F. Bonner, August 9, 1852; James Buchanan Boggs, August 9, 1852; Thomas 
 A. Boyd, August 9, 1852; George F. Cain, August 9, 1852; William J. Baer, 
 January 17, 1853; Jamas P. McClintook, April 12, 1853; J. >V. Douglas, AprU 
 1^' io- .' ^^'1'^^^ Carlisle, April 12, 1853; Frederick S. Stumbaugh, January 
 to-. ?r' James Allison, Jr., January 17, 1854; George Eyster, April 12, 
 18o4; Hiram C. Keyser, June 6, 1854; A. J. Cline, August 15, 1854; John 
 Kyle, Nove mber 2. 1 854; Philip Hamman, April 9, 1855; F. A. Tritle, April 
 
 <^<^Vt:^^^r!^:Z£^^^^t^^!tr!:±:^^^'^ "^ ..be-mntia^ta... Fo^eny pre- 
 
HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 421 
 
 9, 1855; Michael B. Doyle, April 9, 1855; David H. Wiles, August 15, 1855; 
 A. K. McClure, June 17, 1856; Israel Test, June 17, 1856; James H. Bratten, 
 October 29, 1856; George W. Welsh, October 29, 1856; John Eobison, April 
 
 13, 1857; George Schley, April 14, 1857; A. K. Seyster, April 14, 1857; H. 
 J. Campbell, April 20, 1857; H. S. Cassidy, August 10, 1857; J. C. Kunkel, 
 August 12, 1857; W.' H. Miller, August 12, 1857; William S. Everett, August 
 
 15, 1857; D. Watson Rowe, August 15, 1857; Charles Sumner, October 26, 
 1857; J. D. W. GiUelan, October 29, 1857; C. A. McGuigan, October 29, 1857; 
 J. P. Rhodes, March 9, 1858; John R. Orr, Ap^il 12, 1858; Robert P. Mc- 
 Kibben. April 12, 1858; Calvin M. Duncan, April 12, 1858; Snively Strickler, 
 April 12, 1858; A. D. Ferguson, August 10, 1858; William C. Logan, August 
 
 10, 1858; C. M. Barton, August 10, 1858; T. J. Nill, October 31, 1858; John 
 W. Goettman, October 31, 1858; Charles H. Taylor, January 28, 1859; 
 Thomas X. Orr, April 14, 1859; William Kennedy, April 14, 1859; J. A. S. 
 Mitchell, April 14, 1859; David W. Chambers, April 14, 1859; Henry G. 
 Smith, August 8, 1859; E. J. Bonebrake, August 8, 1859; Hiram M. White, 
 August 15, 1859; George M. Stenger, August 15, 1859; Jonathan C. Dickson, 
 November 2, 1859; T. J. McGrath, January 26, 1860; Hastings Gehr, 
 
 14, 1860; Leonard C. Pittinos, April 14, 1860; Benjamin K. Goodyear, April 
 14, 1860; William S. Stenger, August 18, 1860; Jeremiah Cook, August 
 18, 1860; Ross Forward, January 21, 1861; George A. Smith, January 22, 
 1861 ; John Stewart, January 23, 1861 ; Samuel Lyon, January 24, 1861 ; D. 
 W. Thrush, August 12, 1861 ; Amos Slaymaker, January 29, 1861 ; George 0. 
 Sellhamer, February 1, 1861; William Etter, October 28, 1862; J. Montgomery 
 Irwin, January 23, 1863; William H. Hockenberry, Xpril 18, 1863; Joseph 
 Douglas, October 28, 1863; William M. Mervin, April 16, 1865; John W. 
 Taylor, August 17, 1865; Jarrett T. Richards, August 17, 1865; K. Shannon 
 Taylor, November 7, 1865; J. Porter Brown, November 7, 1865; Jacob S. Eby, 
 November 7, 1865; S. J. Henderson, August 14, 1866; George Chambers, August 
 14, 1866; Stephen W. Hays, January 22, 1867; Theodore McGowan, January 
 ■25, 1867; Claudius B. McKinstry, August 13, 1867; Amos S. Smith, August 
 
 16, 1867; Joseph M. McClure, November 1, 1867; John S. McCune, January 
 20, 1868; Wm. M. Penrose, January 27, 1868; Adam Keller, January 27, 
 1868; J. B. Cessna, April 14, 1868; A. D. Merrick, ApriJ 21, 1868; F. M. 
 Darby, August 12, 1868; Wm. F. Duffield, October 27, 1868; John D. De- 
 Golly, October 27, 1868; Wm. TJ. Brewer, December 15, 1868; John A. Hys- 
 song, December 15, 1868; John M. McDowell, April 12, 1869; T. F. Garver, 
 June 1, 1869; T. M. Mahon, January 18, 1870; W. F. Patton, January 18, 
 1870; John A. Robinson, April 21, 1870; Lewis W. Detrich, August 8, 1870; 
 John C. Zeller, December 21, 1870; Ed. Stake, December 21, 1870; John R. 
 MUler, December 24, 1870; J. Alexander Simpson, January 25, 1871; B. Frank 
 Winger, March 12, 1871; Andrew Mcllwain, March 12, 1871; W. T. Cressler, 
 August 17, 1871 ; 0. Watson McKeehan, August 17, 1871 ; J. R. Gafe, August 
 
 17, 1871; Josiah Funck, February 6, 1872; Cyrus Lantz, February 7, 1872; S. 
 S. McLanahan, June 4, 1872; B. M. Nead, June4, 1872; Jos. McNulty, June 4, 
 1872; James A. McKnight, June 4, 1872; A. G. Huber, October 28, 1872; T. H. 
 Edwards, January 20, 1873; H. B. Woods, April 14, 1873; M. Williams, April 
 17, 1873; Andrew Gregg McLanahan, Jr., June 3, 1873; Dan. H Wingerd, 
 June 3, 1873; Wm. A. Morrison, June 3, 1873; A. G. Miller, Jr., Augast 11, 
 1873; Franklin Mehaffey, August 11, 1873; O. C. Bowers, November 14, 
 1873; John Adams McAllen, November 17, 1873; Jacob D. Ludwig, 
 January 19, 1874; Joshua W. Sharpe, September 7, 1875; W. S. Alex- 
 ander, April 28, 1876; Charles Suesserott, June 26, 1877 ; William 
 
422 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 F. Patton, January 18, 1878; Benj. Chambers, Jr., February 20, 1878 
 K. Bruce Martin, June 25, 1878; Loren A. Gulp, September 2, 1878 
 William M. Derr, September 10, 1878; J. H. Shumaker, December 10, 1878 
 James B. Eaby, February 20, 1879; William D. Geiser, February 20, 1879 
 Geo. W. Skinner, May 7, 1879; William A. Duncan, May 7, 1879; William 
 McGovran, May 7, 1879; W. Eush Gillan, in September, 1879; Thomas 
 R. Gilland, in September, 1879; John C. Shumaker, September 5, 1879; 
 Hiram J. Plough, September 15, 1879; William B. Skinner, December 19, 1879; 
 William J. Zacharias, April 26, 1880; John R. Ruthraufif, April 26, 1880^ 
 William J. Shearer, December 7, 1880; William Tell Omwake, December 6, 
 1881; Edward M. Boyd, December 6, 1881 ; L. Bert Eyster, February 27, 1882; 
 George D. McDowell, May 8, 1882; A. V. Dively, December 10, 1882; David 
 McConaughy, April 28, 1883; James Gardiner, May 4, 1883; William Alexan- 
 der, May 5, 1883; George W. Atherton, May 5, '1883; Oliver E. Shannon, De- 
 cember 7, 1883; William G. Kreps, December 7, 1883; Samuel Douglass, De- 
 cember 7, 1883; Jeremiah B. Rex, December 7, 1883; Alfred P. Jump, Sep- 
 tember 5, 1884; M. L. Keedy, September 15, 1884; J. F. Linn Harbaugh, 
 December 13, 1884; John S. Stewart, February 25, 1885; Edward W. Biddle, 
 May 4, 1885; Samuel F. Snively, January 26, 1886; Horace Bender, Septem- 
 ber 8, 1886. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 MASTER SPIRITS. 
 
 Uses and Abuses of Greatness— Chaeacter or Genicts— Greatness— Its 
 Elements -Power OF Mothers— Sketches of Master Spirits: (1) Mili- 
 tary, (3) Political, (3) Railroad Managers, (4) Theologians, (5) County 
 Officials, (e) Medical. (7) Educational, (8) Press, (9) Legal— Franklin 
 County's Roll of Honor. 
 
 Trx "The Choice and Master Spirits of this Age."— Shakespeare in Julius Caesar. Act 
 III, Scene 1. 
 
 A VOLUME would not contain all the uses and abuses of greatness. No 
 man, however gifted in mental and moral endowments, lives wholly 
 for self. He is himself an inheritance from the past, fettered with obligations 
 which he can never fully pay, and a debtor to the future to the full extent of 
 what he may be able to bequeath for its advancement and elevation. The 
 exercise of his special gifts or endowments, whether in the mental or moral de- 
 velopment of others, or in the solution of problems in science, art, commerce 
 or statesmanship, is not only his duty but his highest earthly happiness. What 
 he may accomplish in these weU defined and heaven appointed directions, is 
 but a deserved contribution, on his part, to the welfare and happiness of his 
 race. The towering mountain, with frost-crested peak, owes, by virtue of its 
 pre-eminence, the example of protection and encouragement to its humbler and 
 less favored associates. 
 
 " Oh, it is exceUent to have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous to use 
 it like a giant. ° j 
 
 Genius is solitary and one-sided. In this consists its isolation and pre- 
 eminence. It is rarely reproductive, its function being stimulative rather than 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 423 
 
 procreative. King Saul, who "from his shoulders and upward was higher 
 than any of the people," was the son of Kish, "a mighty man of power," 
 but the narrative gives no subsequent examples of similar physical greatness 
 in the ancestry. If the Andes system were all Chimborazos or Cotopaxis , 
 coveted pre-eminence would cease. 
 
 Greatness has elements, often wholly difiperent from simple genius. It is 
 many-sided, gathering, into one, the strength and virtues of the race. Antony 
 may have been extravagant in his address to the slain hero — "Thou art the 
 ruins of the noblest man that ever lived in the tide of times," but his judg- 
 ment was based upon the analysis which enabled him to say, ' ' His life was 
 gentle, and the elements so mixed in him that Nature might stand up, and say 
 to all the world, ' This was a man.' " 
 
 Tennyson's highest compliment to the Duke of Wellington was the declar- 
 ation that he " stood four-square to all the winds that blew." So great was 
 his admiration for the conqueror of Napoleon that he uttered the ardent wish 
 that 
 
 While the races of mankind endure, 
 
 Let his great example stand 
 
 Colossal, seen of every land, 
 And keep the soldier firm, the statesman pure, 
 
 Till in all lands and thro' all human story. 
 
 The path of duty be the way to glory. 
 
 n In the selfish strife of this struggling age, "men of mark" are lauded to 
 the skies, while ' ' women of mark ' ' are passed by in comparative silence. An 
 impartial examination of the world's history shows that its great men have 
 sprung from noble women, the true "master spirits " of the age. The thought 
 before the writer is happily expressed by Joaquin Miller, in the following 
 stanzas: 
 
 THE BBAVKST BATTLE. 
 
 The bravest battle that ever was fought! 
 
 Shall I tell you where and when? 
 On the maps of the world you will find it not; 
 
 'Twas fought by the mothers of men. 
 
 Nay, not with cannon or battle shot, 
 J, With sword or nobler pen; 
 
 * Nay, not with eloquent word or thought. 
 
 From mouths of wonderful men. 
 
 But deep in a walled-up woman's heart — 
 
 Of woman that would not yield. 
 But bravely, silently, bore her part — 
 
 Lo! there is that battle-field I 
 
 No marshaling troup, no bivouac song; 
 
 No banner to gleam and wave ! 
 But, oh! these battles, they last so long — 
 
 From babyhood to the grave ! 
 
 In the following pages we can give but a few of each class of the illustri- 
 ous "masterspirits" of Franklin County, and must content ourselves with 
 brief sketches of them and a mere reference to others who have been traced in 
 various parts of the work. 
 
 I. Military. — Maj.-Gen. James Potter was a son of John Potter, first 
 sheriff of Cumberland County. In 1758 he was a lieutenant in Col. John Arm- 
 strong's battalion. July 26, 1764, he commanded the settlers in pursuit of 
 the Indians who massacred Enoch Brown and his ten pupils near Greencastle. 
 He was appointed a brigadier -general April 5, 1777, and major-general May 
 
424 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY, 
 
 22, 1782. He was vice-president of the State in 1781, and member of CouncU 
 of Censors in 1784. He died at his daughter's (Mrs. Poe), near Marion, in 
 1789, and was buried in Brown's Mill Graveyard. 
 
 For sketches of Col. James Smith, Brig. -Gen. James Chambers, Maj. 
 James MeCammont, Col. Jos. Armstrong, Eev. John Steele, see Indiaii and 
 Bevolutionary wars. Gen. Hugh Mercer is fully sketched in the medical 
 chapter, and in the borough of Mercersburg. The career of Col. Benjamin 
 Chambers is interwoven with the entire history of the county. Dr. Robert. 
 Johnston is sketched fully in the medical chapter, to which the reader is re- 
 ferred. 
 
 II. Political. — James Buchanan, fifteenth President, was born in Cove- 
 Gap, Peters Township, April 23, 1791; graduated at Dickinson College in 
 1809; began the study of law at Lancaster in December, 1809, and was admit- 
 ted to the bar in 1812; was a member of the State Legislature; served in the 
 Congress and Senate of the United States ten years each; was minister to- 
 Russia and England; served as Secretary of State, and was President from 
 March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1861. The closing days of his administration: 
 were stormy with rebellion. His want of decisive action in crushing treason 
 has been strongly censured. He died at his home near Lancaster in 1868. 
 
 A paragraph from the autobiography of Mr. Buchanan, incorporated in his 
 Life by George Ticknor Curtis, will be of interest to the reader as giving a 
 clue to his youthful days. He says : 
 
 ' ' After having received a tolerably good English education, I studied the 
 Latin and Greek languages at a school in Mercersburg. It was kept by the 
 Rev. James R. Sharon, then a student of divinity with Dr. John King, and 
 afterward by a Mr. McConnell and Dr. Jesse Magaw, then a student of medi- 
 cine and subsequently my brother-in-law. I was sent to Dickinson College in 
 the fall of 1807, where I entered the Junior Class. 
 
 ' ' The college was in wretched condition, and I have often regretted that I 
 had not been sent to some other institution. There was no efficient discipline, 
 and the young men did pretty much as they pleased. To be a sober, plod- 
 ding, industrious youth was to incur the ridicule of the mass of the students. 
 Without much natural tendency to become dissipated, and chiefly from the 
 example of others, and in order to be considered a clever and spirited youth, 
 I engaged in every sort of extravagance and mischief in which the greatest 
 proficients of the college indulged. Unlike the rest of the class, however, I 
 was always a tolerably hard student, and never was deficient in my college 
 exercises. 
 
 ' ' A circumstance occurred, after I had been a year at college, which made 
 a strong and lasting impression upon me. During the September vacation, in 
 the year 1808, on a Sabbath morning, whUst I was sitting in the room with my 
 father, a letter was brought to him. He opened it and read it, and I observed 
 that his countenance fell. He then handed it to me and left the room; and I 
 do not recollect that he ever afterward spoke to me on the subject of it. It 
 was from Dr. Davidson, the principal of Dickinson College. He stated that 
 but for the respect which the faculty entertained for my father, I would have 
 been expelled from college for disorderly conduct; that they had borne with 
 me as best they could until that period, but that they would not receive me 
 agam, and that the letter was written to save him the mortification of sending 
 me back and having me rejected. Mortified to the soul, I at once determined 
 upon my course. Dr. John King was at the time pastor of the congregation 
 to which my parents belonged. He came to that congregation shortly after 
 the Revolution, and continued to be its pastor until his death. He had either 
 
HISTOBY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 425 
 
 married or baptized all its members. He participated in their joys as well as- 
 their porrows, and had none of the gloomy bigotry which too often passes in 
 these days for superior sanctity. He was, I believe, a trustee of the college, 
 and enjoyed great and extensive influence wherever he was known. To him I 
 applied with the greatest confidence in my extremity. He gave me a gentle 
 lecture — ^the more efficient on that account. He then proposed to me that if I 
 would pledge my honor to him to behave better at college than I had done, h& 
 felt such confidence in me that he would pledge himself to Dr. Davidson on 
 my behalf, and he did not doubt that I would be permitted to return. I 
 cheerfully complied with this condition. Dr. King arranged the matter, and 
 I returned to college without any questions being asked; and afterward 
 conducted myself in such a manner as, at least, to prevent any formal com- 
 plaint." 
 
 William Findlay, fourth governor of Pennsylvania, was born at Mercers- 
 burg, June 20, 1768. He served as State representative from 1797 to 1807 ; State 
 treasurer, 1807-17; governor, 1817-20; United States senator, 1822-28;. 
 treasurer of United States mint at Philadelphia, from 1828—41. 
 
 Eobert McClelland was bom at Greencastle, August 1, 1807; admitted 
 to the bar in 1831. Removing to Michigan, he served in the State Eegislature*, 
 was a member of Congress several terms; was governor of Michigan two terms, 
 and Secretary of the Interior of the United States under President Pierce. 
 
 Other prominent politicians and statesmen will be mentioned in another 
 part of this chapter, in the Roll of Honor, by John M. Cooper. 
 
 III. Railroad Managers. — Col. Thos. A. Scott was born at Loudon, Franklin 
 County, December 28, 1823; received a common school education, and entered 
 the service of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1851; was appointed general super- 
 intendent in 1858; was elected vice-president of company in 1860, afterward 
 to first vice-president; rendered much assistance to the Union cause during 
 the war, and became assistant Secretary of War in 1861 ; was elected president 
 of the new Pennsylvania Oompany, and afterward of the whole Pennsylvania. 
 Railroad Company, which position he held till the time of his death. Col. 
 Scott is recognized as the greatest railroad manager and director in this coun- 
 try, and Franklin County is proud to number him among her illustrious sons. 
 
 A friend of Col. Scott, the noted president of the Pennsylvania R. R. , told 
 recently how Scott's choosing of railroading as a profession hung on the flipping 
 of a penny. Said he: " Tom Scott told the story himself. He was the toll 
 collector on the Pennsylvania Canal at Columbia, when the railroad authorities, 
 hearing that he was a bright young man, offered him the position of station 
 agent at Altoona. Scott was popular, and when he told his friends of his 
 offer, they urged him to refuse it and stay on the canal. He resisted their 
 importunities, but finally taking a big red copper in his fingers, said: 'Boys, I 
 will let the fates decide. Heads is Altoona, and tails Columbia. ' He then 
 threw the copper into the air with a twist which sent it into a dozen somer- 
 saults, but it fell and the head was uppermost. The boys then said that one 
 trial was not enough. It must be the best^two out of three. Scott consented 
 to this, and threw once more. His next throw was heads, and so the railroad 
 won. Had the copper fallen on the other side, who can tell what the future 
 would have been ? ' ' [^Cleveland Leader. ] 
 
 IV. Theologians. — Dr. J. W. Nevin. The following somewhat extensive 
 sketch of John W. Nevin, who died at Lancaster, June 6, 1886, in his eighty- 
 fourth year, is taken from the Philadelphia Press of the following day: 
 "John Williamson Nevin, D.D., LL.D., was bom in Franklin County, Penn., 
 February 20, 1803. He was descended from Scotch-Irish ancestry, and one 
 
426 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 conspicuous in statesmanship and literature. His paternal ^andmother was a 
 sister of the distinguished Hugh Williamson, LL D., one of the framers of the 
 United States Constitution, from whom he derived his middle name. By birth 
 and blood a Presbyterian, he was brought up carefully in the Christian faith 
 bv pious parents, and was the oldest of his family; the first to die of the five 
 dLinguished sons was the youngest of them all-Theodore H. , president of the 
 First National Bank of Allegheny, a leading manufacturer and philanthropist 
 of western Pennsylvania. Between the youngest and the eldest brother there 
 were born and still survive Prof. WiUiam M. Nevin, LL. D who has long 
 held the chaii- of belles-lettres in Franklin and Marshall College, this city; 
 Eev Daniel E. Nevin, a Presbyterian clergyman and teacher, of Sewickley; 
 Eobert P. Nevin, author and editor, founder of the Pittsburgh Times. 
 
 "In the fall of 1817 Dr. Nevin was matriculated as a student in Union 
 College New York, and although the youngest in his class, was graduated with 
 honor in 1821. Bodily prostration for two years followed his college course, 
 which time he mostly spent in fields and woods on the homestead, and acquired 
 for a time a taste for botany. In his youth Dr. Nevin was of very delicate 
 constitution and hardly hoped to survive the age of thirty. In the fall of 1823, 
 having partially regained his health, he entered the theological seminary at 
 Princeton, and in the regular theological course took a special interest in Ori- 
 ental and Biblical literature, reading the whole Bible in Hebrew, and thereby 
 securing the flattering distinction of being universally admitted the best He- 
 brew scholar in the institution. This distinction contributed to mold his 
 whole subsequent career. In 1826 he was invited to temporarily supply 
 the chair of Oriental and Biblical literature at Princeton, made vacant by 
 the visit of Dr. Hodge to Europe, on a tour for his health. During this time 
 Dr. Nevin wrote his 'Biblical Antiquities,' a hand-book which attained a 
 very large circulation both in Europe and America. 
 
 ' ' In October, 1828, he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Car- 
 lisle, held at Philadelphia, and about the same time was invited to the chair of 
 Biblical literature in the new theological seminary, then being established by 
 the general assembly at Allegheny, Penn. In December, 1829, when in the 
 twenty- seventh year of his age, he assumed his duties in this institution, which 
 at this time had no buildings, no library and no endowment. Here Dr. Nevin 
 labored for ten years, and the Western Theological Seminary, now a power in 
 the Presbyterian Church, owes much of its prosperity to his efforts. About 
 the time of his election to the chair in this seminary he received a press- 
 ing invitation to return to Princeton and become a writer of books for the 
 Sunday-school Union. In his sermons and lectures, and with his pen, while at, 
 Pittsburgh, Dr. Nevin was the unreserved opponent of slavery, 'infidelity, fash- 
 ionable amusements, ladies' fairs and theatrical entertainments. In May, 
 1840, through the earnest solicitation of a committee appointed by the synod 
 of the Reformed Church in the United States, he accepted and was inducted 
 into the professorship of theology in the theological seminary of that church, 
 then located at Mercersburg, Penn. 
 
 ' ' Here he was associated with the well-knovm German scholar, Frederick 
 Augustus Ranch, then president of Marshall College, in the same place. The 
 death of Dr. Ranch, March 2, 1841, made it necessary for Dr. Nevin to as- 
 sume the temporary presidency of the college, which was afterward made 
 permament, and which he filled for ten years. In 1843 he became involved 
 in what has been known as the ' anxious bench controversy,' through the pub- 
 lication of his tract called ' The Anxious Bench. ' The controversy nearly 
 created a schism in the Reformed Church, and was regarded as the beginning of 
 the movement since spoken of as the Mercersburg theology. 
 
^^. J^. P^r. 
 
 ^^-^-^-i»-t c^y-^^c^ 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 429 
 
 "In 1844 he received as his colleague in the seminary Dr. Philip Schaff, 
 of Germany, since famous throughout the world for his theological learning 
 and as an honored professor in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of New 
 York. From 1849 to January, 1853, he edited the Merceraburg Review, pub- 
 lished by the Alumni Association of Marshall College, and he has written 
 largely since for the same periodical and the Reformed Church Messenger. 
 About this time he became involved in a famous controversy with Rev. Orestes 
 A. Bronson, D. D. , of Boston, which excited wide attention. He resigned his 
 position iu the seminary in 1851, and the presidency of Marshall College in 
 1853, upon its removal to Lancaster and consolidation with Franklin College. 
 Although proffered the presidency of the new institution, he withdrew to pri- 
 vate life, nearly worn out in mind and body. For the next eight years Dr. 
 Nevin lived in semi-privacy at his home at Caernarvon Place, near Lancaster, 
 although preaching frequently and laboring with his pen. He had much to 
 do in particular in bringing to completion the new liturgy, which engaged for 
 many years the best energies of the Eastern Synod of the German Reformed 
 Church. In the fall of 1861 he yielded to the desire of the faculty, and un- 
 dertook partial service as professor in history and sssthetics, and in 1866 be- 
 came once more president of Franklin and Marshall College, which position 
 he held until 1876, when he retired from all work of public instruction. 
 
 "Among his more important publications are the following: ' The Doctrine 
 of the Reformed Church on the Presence of Christ in the Lord's Supper,' 
 in 1848; 'The Apostles' Creed, Its Origin, Constitution and Plan,' 1849; 
 'The Dutch Crusade,' 1854; 'Review of Dr. Hodge's Commentary on the 
 Ephesians,' 1857; 'The Liturgical Question,' 1862; 'Christ and Him Cruci- 
 fied,' preached at the opening of the first General Synod of the German Re- 
 formed Church in Pittsburgh, 1863; ' Vindication of the Revised Liturgy,' 
 1867. ''Answer to Prof. Dorner, of Berlin, Germany,' 1868; 'Once for All,' 
 1869; 'Revelation and Redemption,' 1870; 'The Revelation of God in Christ,' 
 1871; ' Christ and His Spirit, ' 1872; ' Baccalaureate Discourse, John iii, 13,' 
 1872. 
 
 "Dr. Nevin was married, in 1835, to Martha J. , a daughter of the Hon. 
 Robert Jenkins, member of Congress from 1809 to 1811, and prominent iron 
 master of Windsor Place, Caernarvon Township, Lancaster County. Mrs. Nevin 
 aurvives. Their family consists of Capt. W. Wilberforce Nevin, formerly ed- 
 itor of The Philadelphia Press, now engaged in large railroad enterprises in 
 New York; Rev. Robert J. Nevin, D. D., commander, during the war, of the 
 famous ' Nevin' s Battery,' now rector of St. Paul's Within-the- Walls Prot- 
 estant Episcopal Church in Rome; Miss Alice, a well-known musical composer; 
 Miss Blanche, sculptor and artist, her best known work being the figui-e of 
 Gen. Peter Muhlenberg in the capitol at Washington; and Martha J., now 
 the wife of Robert W. Sayre, of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Two sons, Cecil 
 and John W., died in their youth. 
 
 " As a theologian Dr. Nevin stood in the very front rank, and was recog- 
 nized the world over in religious circles as one of the prbfoundest thinkers of 
 the age. Hia learning and scholarship were very broad and his versatility re- 
 markable. Dr. Thomas G. Apple, president of Franklin and Marshall Col- 
 lege, remarked: ' In intellectual force I regard him as one of the profoundest 
 thinkers of this age, whether in America or Europe. I know of no writer 
 who excels him in the use of forcible English, as some of his polemical arti- 
 cles abundantly testify. John Henry Newman resembles him in the purity 
 and force of his language, but Dr. Nevin added to this the more mystical depth 
 that cornea from the German mind. His articles in the ' ' North American ' ' on 
 
 23 
 
^30 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 "The Use of Philosophy" and on " Human Freedom" are specimens of his. 
 best thought and style. Jonathan Edwards, the elder, approa^es him 
 nearest, in my judgment, among the metaphysical thmkers and writers of 
 
 Ahfstory of Franklin County would not be regarded as complete without 
 some notice of Dr. Philip Schaff, though not a natiye of the county. Dr 
 Philip Schaff was born at Coire, Switzerland, January 1, 1819. He pursued 
 his higher education in Germany at school in Kornthal, at the university in Ber- 
 lin tmder Neander, and at Halle under Tholuk. He was teaching at the Uni- 
 versitv of Berlin when he was called to a prof essorship at Mercersburg, to which 
 the OTeat preacher, Frederick Wilhelm Krummacher, had been called. 
 
 He arrived in this country in 1844 and remained in Mercersburg till Decem- 
 ber 1863 He was married to Mary Elizabeth Schley, eldest daughter of David 
 Schley of Frederick, Md. ; of their eight children, three survive. Dr. Schaff 
 spent the year 1853-54 in Europe, and in 1854 received the title of D. D. 
 from the University of Berlin. He has since been made LL. D. by Amherst 
 
 ° During his life in Mercersburg, Dr. Schaff was frequently called away to 
 preach and lecture. He was identified with the so-called "Mercersburg The- 
 ology," which at the time made Mercersburg famous in theological circles. 
 
 In 1863 he went to New York to accept the position of secretary of the 
 New York Sabbath Convention. The organization was exceedingly prosperous 
 during his incumbency in this office, and secured the passage and enforcement 
 of much healthful Sabbath observance legislation. In 1870 he became iden- 
 tified with the Union Theological Seminary, of New York City, in which he 
 now holds the chair of Biblical instruction and sacred literature. 
 
 Dr. Schaff has been identified with some large movements in the church of 
 the generation. The gathering and success of the great meeting of the Evan- 
 gelical Alliance, in New York City, in 1873, were due very largely to his skill 
 and activity. This gathering attracted some of the foremost scholars of all 
 denominations, both in Europe and this country. The revision of the English 
 Bible of King James will always be associated with his name. Dr. Schaff, in 
 1870, was selected by the English Revision Committee to form the American 
 Committee on Revision. He undertook this responsibility, and remained 
 president of the committee until the completion of the New Testament revis- 
 ion in 1881, and the Old Testament revision in 1884. 
 
 As an author he enjoys a reputation in theological circles second to none. 
 His works have been translated into many languages, and are read as freely in 
 Great Britain as in this country. These works are numerous, and are consid- 
 ered authorities in their departments. 
 
 His theology is strictly evangelical. He holds firmly to all the cardinal 
 points of the orthodox churches, and is in hearty sympathy with the movements 
 of a vital Christianity. He has labored, with result, for the reunion and co- 
 operation of denominations. His scholarship is accurate and encyclopedic. 
 He is a man of wide and varied learning, equally versed in the works of Ger- 
 man theology and those of the English tongue. His permanenWeputation will 
 probably rest upon his productions in the department of church history, to the 
 study of which he gave his early life, and is devoting his latter years. His 
 "History of the Christian Church," and "Creeds of Christendom," will be 
 considered the great works of his life. 
 
 He has made many trips to Europe for study and recreation, and in 1876 
 and 1877 traveled in Egypt and Palestine. The results of this journey were 
 embodied in a' work entitled, "Through Bible Lands." 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 4'31r 
 
 V. County Offlaials. —The only case we present of efficient devotion to the 
 preservation of the records of the new county of Franklin is that of the man 
 who opened its books of record and for many years kept them in a most satis- 
 factory manner— Edward Crawford. He was born in 1758, and received a good' 
 education. At the age of eighteen he entered the Revolution and served with 
 credit through the whole war. At the battle of Yorktowu he nearly lost his 
 life. After the formation of Franklin County he was chosen prothonotary, 
 which office he filled with ability. He helped to establish the Cumberland 
 (now National) Bank, and was chosen first president, an office he filled until 
 his death. 
 
 Mr. Crawford was active in every good work; was a member of the Society 
 of the Cincinnati; was elected manager of Franklin County Bible Society; 
 served as trustee of Falling Spring Church, and many other offices of honor 
 he filled with credit to himself and them. 
 
 He was maiTied twice: First to Catharine Hostinger, of York, by whom he 
 had a son, Thomas Hartley Crawford, who became a distinguished Congress- 
 man and jiidge of the district court at Washington, D. C. ; and last to Rebecca 
 Calhoon. Mr. Crawford died'in Chambersburg in the year 1833, being seventy- 
 five years of age. 
 
 VI. Medical. — Space will not permit the repetition of the sketches of Drs. 
 Mercer, Abraham Senseny, W. H. Boyle, J. C. Richards, J. Lambert, N. B. 
 Lane, J. McClellan, Wm. Magaw, Alex. Stewart and others given by Dr. W. 
 C. Lane. They will be found in the medical chapter or biographical part. 
 
 VII. Educational. — In the chapter on Chambersburg attention is called to 
 several eminent educational characters, among which occurs the name of Prof. 
 James Ross, an instructor of great learning and an author of wide reputation. 
 
 Before the Revolution, Rev. John King established the first classical school 
 within the limits of the county. He was learned, patriotic and exemplary, 
 and trained some of the youths, who subsequently became the " men of mark " 
 ia tlie various fields of activity in the county. 
 
 From 1825 to 1829 the pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church at 
 Waynesboro was Rev. Samuel K. Hoshour, born in York County December 9, 
 1803, and died in Indianapolis November 29, 1883. After his removal to 
 Indiana, Mr. Hoshour became the principal of an academy in which he 
 instructed the future governor, O. P. Morton; later he became president of the 
 Northwestern Christian University at Indianapolis and subsequently State 
 school superintendent. This aged man was once a teacher in Franklin County. 
 
 Rev. E. E. Higbee, present State school superintendent of Pennsylvania,- 
 was at one time an educator in Franklin County, being a professor in the col- 
 lege at Mercersburg. 
 
 VIII. Press. — ^Few counties can boast of abler representatives of the press 
 than Geo. K. Harper, Joseph Pritts, John M. Cooper and Alex. K. McClure, 
 all of whom have aided in molding the sentiments of Franklin County. 
 
 IX. Legal. — The bench and bar of the county have had shining lights — 
 men who were qualified by nature and culture ' ' to mold a mighty State' s 
 decree. ' ' In the legal chapter are sketched, by I. H. McCauley, Esq. , some 
 of the prominent men at the bar during the first two decades of the county' s 
 history. The careers of Judge George Chambers, J. McDowell Sharpe, and 
 others of the departed will be fully presented in the biographical department 
 of this work. 
 
 It is with pleasure that we append, in conclusion, a short article published 
 some years ago by John M. Cooper, in which he calls the roll of Franklin 
 County's famous men and women, and presents in a single view the names of 
 those who have thrust fame upon the land of their birth. 
 
432 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTy's ROLL OF HONOR. 
 
 The following is an extract from a letter to the editor of the Valley Spirit: 
 
 "In my former communication I gave a list of high stations filled by natives 
 of Franklin County, and promised to furnish their names, and the stations 
 filled by them, respectively. This prpmise I now fulfill, adding a member of 
 the Continental Congress, Assistant Secretary of War, and Secretary of the 
 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to my original list. As thus stated I omit 
 members of the lower house of Congress, judges of ordinary courts and mili- 
 tary ofScers of grade lower than that of brigadier-general, of which Franklin 
 County has had a full share, and select positions which citizens of compara- 
 tively few counties have had the distinction to fill. As I make it out, our 
 loU of honor, is as follows: 
 
 "A President of the United States, James Buchanan. 
 
 •" ' A Secretary of State of the United States, James Buchanan. 
 
 "A Secretary of the Interior of the United States, Robert McClelland. 
 
 ' ' An Assistant Secretary of War, Thomas A. Scott. 
 
 "A Minister of the United States to Russia, James Buchanan. 
 
 ' ' A Minister of the United States to England, James Buchanan. 
 
 "For Senators of the United States, William Maclay, Samuel Maclay, 
 William Findlay, James Buchanan, all Senators from Pennsylvania, and Sam- 
 uel Adams, Senator from Mississippi. 
 
 "Two United States Assistant Treasurers at Philadelphia, William Find- 
 lay and George Eyster. 
 
 "A Judge of the United States Court in the District of Columbia, Thomas 
 Hartley Crawford. 
 
 "A District Attorney of the United States for western Pennsylvania, 
 S-eorge Washington Buchanan. 
 
 "A District Attorney of the United States for Dakota, Hugh J. Campbell. 
 
 ■■ ' A United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Thomas Hartley Craw- 
 ford. 
 
 "A Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Matthew St. 
 Clair Clarke. 
 
 "A United States Collector of Excise, appointed by President Washington, 
 Robert Johnston. 
 
 "A United States Revenue Collector for Western Pennsylvania, appointed 
 by President JefPerson, Robert Johnston. 
 
 " A Brigadier-general in the Continental Army, James Potter. 
 
 "A Major-general in the Continental Army, James Potter. 
 
 ■"A Governor of the State of Pennsylvania, William Findlay. 
 
 "'A Governor of the State of Michigan, Robert McClelland. 
 ^' A Governor of the State of Indiana, Conrad Baker. 
 ^'A Governor of the Territory of Arizona, Frederick S. Tritle. 
 
 Z^ ^^^ °^ ^^^ Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, George Chambers. 
 
 A Treasurer of the State of Pennsylvania, William Findlay. 
 ^^ A Surveyor-general of Pennsylvania, John Rowe. 
 
 '"A Canal Commissioner of Pennsylvania, James Clarke. 
 
 '^' A Secretary of the Commonwealth, William S. Stenger. 
 
 " A Vice-President of Pennsylvania, James Potter. ' 
 
 "Two members of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, James 
 McLene and Abraham Smith. 
 
 and jlmesToTttr^ °^ *^^ ^"'"'''''^ "* ^^''^°''^ °^ Pennsylvania, James McLene 
 
 nhi«"?r T7°^P^''?°* *\^,l^'^o^« convention at Carpenter's Hall, Philadel- 
 phia, June, 17/6, James McLene and John Maclay. 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 43g 
 
 "Two members of the Continental Congress, James Smith, elected July 
 20, 1776, and James McLene, elected March 3, 1779. 
 
 ' ' The greatest railroad president in the world, Thomas A. Scott. 
 
 ' ' A vice-president of the greatest railroad in the world. Prank Thomson. 
 
 "To this list of distinguished men, all born within the county, I might, 
 add the names of two of the most distinguished ladies this country has pro- 
 duced — Charlotte Chambers and Harriet Lane. 
 
 " There have been five very remarkable families reared in Franklin County r 
 the Johnstons, of Antrim; the Maclays, of Lurgan; the Findlays and Buchan- 
 aus, of Mercersburg and vicinity, and the Chambers family, from whom onr- 
 town derives its name. 
 
 "It is a curious and an interesting fact that, dividing the county by the' 
 great road leading from Shippensburg through Chamborsburg and Greencastle- 
 into Maryland and Virginia, we find that nearly all the distinguished men, as, 
 well as both the ladies in my list, came from the western half, the most dis- 
 tinguished men and both the ladies coming from near the mountain. 
 
 "At a future time I may have more to say about the distinguished sons and 
 daughters and the remarkable families of Franklin County, and perhaps I 
 may add something about the curious and interesting fact above stated." 
 
 In a note fi-om Mr. Cooper, dated Harrisburg, December 22, 1886, he says: 
 "I would like to add two names to my former list, viz.: Joseph Williams, 
 chief justice of Iowa, and United States territorial judge in Kansas : Edmund 
 E. Calhoun, rear admiral, United States Navy." 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 THE COUNTY'S FIEST CENTENNIAL. 
 
 Introductory — Value ok Anniversaries— Triujii>hs of the Centubt — 
 Preparations for the Coming Anniversary — Executive Committee- 
 Township Co.MMiTTEES— Account of the Two Days' Doings— Extracts- 
 from Addresses and Poems Delivered. 
 
 ANNIVERSARIES are, as a rule, important eras in the journey of life: 
 They are fraught with great interest, because they afford appropriate' 
 occasions for reviewing the past and drawing inspiration and hope fo'r the' 
 future. They are milestones in the pathway of personal and corporate exist- 
 ence. 
 
 The playful miss looks with joyful anticipations to the period when she' 
 shall be permitted to take her place in society. Thi* boy longs for the day of 
 his majority to arrive in order that he may assume the duties of untrammeled*. 
 citizenship. With what supreme satisfaction do all classes, young and old> 
 look forward to the happiness that clusters about the fixed holidays. How the' 
 burdens of life are lightened by the gifts and congratulations that aceompanj" 
 birthdays and marriage anniversaries. 
 
 The resemblance between personal and corporate life is very marked. Each: 
 has its youth, its manhood and its old age with all the conflicts and disappoint- 
 ments, the joys and sorrows incident to each. Viewed merely from an earthly- 
 standpoint, a difference exists, in that personal life ceases while corporate life 
 
434 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 is perpetuated. This distinction gives additional significance to the sentiment 
 <of the centenarian — 
 
 How short my life appears 
 
 Measured by just one hundred years'; 
 
 I cannot here much longer wait, 
 
 Prepare to meet me at the golden gate. 
 
 September 9, 1884, was the red letter day in the annals of Franklin 
 CJounty. The century which it closed was the most important in the annals of 
 time. It was fraught with more and greater improvements in the physical, 
 mental and social world than any previous century measured out by Father 
 Time. It had witnessed the founding of the American republic, and its 
 development from a small commonwealth of thirteen feeble States, having a 
 population of 3,000,000, to a highly respectable nation of forty- eight members, 
 with a population of 00,000,000. It had chronicled the inauguration and 
 •administration of every President from Washington to Cleveland ; the building 
 ■of every railroad and steamboat in the world ; the invention of the reaper, the 
 mower, the sewing machine, the telegraph, the telephone, the type-writer, the 
 electric light, ■ and all the improvements in agricultural, horticultural and 
 mechanical implements; the development of educational and eleemosynary 
 institutions ; the founding of daily and weekly papers with all their appliances 
 for gathering, printing and disseminating news ; the solution of the most per- 
 plexing problems in governmelit, finance, domestic and political economy; the 
 liberation of individuals and communities not only from physical bondage, but 
 from the thralldom of enforced sentiment. In short, it was the century of 
 progress and reform, whose two closing decades had realized the form of gov- 
 ernment intended to be established by the founders: Equal rights for all, 
 special privileges for none. 
 
 Full preparation had been made for this anniversary of the county's birth 
 as an integral part of the great keystone commonwealth. Prominent citizens 
 in every part of the county had been appointed to supervise their districts in 
 the interests of the exhibition. The following were the members of said com- 
 mittees : 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Chambersburg — Benj. Chambers, chairman; John Stewart, Oliver C. 
 Bowers, Alex. W. Pomeroy, Jas. A. McKnight, B. Latrobe Maurer, Jno. M. 
 McDonald, Jno. Lortz, Henry S. Gilbert; B. Frank Gilmore, secretary. 
 
 TOWNSHIP COMMITTEES. 
 
 Antrim— B. S. Barnhart, D. S. Binkley, Rev. Cvrus Cort, Jac. Deardorf, 
 M. W. Kissecker, Wm. C. Kreps, A. A. Miller, Henry Omwake, C. H. Euth- 
 rauff, Ed. S. Snively. 
 
 Fannett— John A. Elder, Jas. Ferguson, Jas. W. Holliday, John H. Lit- 
 tle, Jas. McKim, Herbert Piper, Wilson Piper, Joseph Ryder, J. H. With- 
 •erow, J. A. Shoemaker. 
 
 Greene— W. Hammett Boggs, Thos. Gallagher, J. Burns White, "Uriah 
 Zollinger, John Lindsey, Dr. David Maclay, Thos. H. Wallace, Wm. Craig, 
 -Sarnl. Garver, Alex. Stewart. 
 
 Guilford— J. B. Crawford, S. W. Sollenberger, Jno. H. Diehl, S. S. Fred- 
 -erick, Andrew Statler, Daniel Ebersole, Abraham S. Lehman, J. W. Wither- 
 spoon, Wm. S. Reed, Jacob C. Snyder. 
 
 Hamilton— Saml. Clippinger, Jacob Crider, David Eby, Davidson Greena- 
 -walt, Jeremiah Harrison, John Hunsecker, Henry Lenher, Jeremiah Mish, 
 John T\ , Shatzer, Sam'l West, Sr. 
 
HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 435 
 
 Letterkenny — Jeremiah Ashway, W. W. Britton, Dr. J. M. Gelwix, Jolin 
 B. Kaufman, S. K. Lehman, W. D. Miller, Fred. Rife, J. A. West, H. G. 
 "Worthington, Wm. S. Keefer. 
 
 Lurgan — Hugh Cover, J. A. Faust, Josiah Fickes, J. W. Powell, M. R. 
 Skinner, A. F. Snoke, D. D. Swanger, J. P. Grove, J. H. Maclay. 
 
 Metal— Frank W. Elliott, J. M. Wilhelm, Wm. Witherow, Dr. Jno. S. 
 Flickinger, A. J. Noble, Wm. S. McAllen, James M. Jones, A. K. McCurdy, 
 John H. Walker, Wm. M. Rice. 
 
 Montgomery — James Agnew, Hayes McClellan, John McCullough, Wm. 
 D. McKinstry, S. M. Rhea, Geo. G. Steiger, John Waidlich, J. S. Whifcmer, 
 James S. Craig, John K. Keyser. 
 
 Pefers— Robt. J. Boyd, N. P. Martin, Dr. W. P. Noble, Geo. W. Etter, 
 I. U. Puffenberger, A. N. Ryder, Geo. M. Stenger, John Webster. 
 
 Quincy—W. H. Brown, D. M. Lowry, Melchor Elden, D. M. Funk, G. W. 
 McCleary, Jacob R. Small, Geo. B. Wiesbling, H. M. Fritz, Jacob Middour, 
 Upton Funk. 
 
 St. Thomas — -James Archibald, John Croft, Sr., Chas. M. Deatrich, Wm. 
 D. Dixon, Alex. Martin, Martin Miller, S. Z. Hawbecker, J. N. Mowry, John 
 Walker, Sam'l G. Walker. 
 
 Southampton — Wm. H. Blair, Jacob Kendig, Sam'l Knisely, Wm. B. 
 Smith, J. A. Zullinger, Thomas E. Fuller, R. C. Johnston, Robt. McCune, 
 John H. McMullen, J. MoCord Means. 
 
 Warren — Jacob Bair, Solomon Cook, M. J. Grier, J. C. McCullough, S. 
 L. Phenicie, John Zimmerman. 
 
 Washington — Geo. J. Balsley, A. J. Fahnestock, Martin S. Funk, Daniel 
 Hoover, Simon Lecron, J. J. Miller, Joseph Price, Daniel Shockey, A. W. 
 Good, L. F. Benchoff, D. O. Nicodemus. 
 
 By request of the executive committee, many of the pastors of the different 
 churches of the county delivered, on Sunday preceding the anniversary, historical 
 discourses bearing particularly upon the origin and progress of their own con- 
 gregations and denominations. Persons had also been requested in the vari- 
 ous townships to prepare historical sketches of their respective assignments. 
 The only response, so far as the writer knows, was made by Rev. J. Milton 
 Snyder, of Guilford, who prepared an elaborate and carefully written docu- 
 ment that aided much in the compilation of the county history. 
 
 The following account of the two days' doings (Monday and Tuesday) is 
 taken from the Valley Spirit of September 10, 1884: 
 
 Monday's pkogeam— oedek of procession, etc. 
 
 Monday morning came in without a cloud to mar the deep blue of the 
 heavens. Almost with the rising of the sun, hundreds of people began to 
 arrive in town and continued to pour in from all points, by the railroads, by 
 private conveyances and on foot, during the entire day. By 10 o'clock the 
 streets were filled with sight-seers eager for the civic and military parade. By 
 the hour named the companies had been arranged in line for the parade, and 
 the command to march was given. The procession moved in the following 
 order: 
 
 Officers — John A. Seiders, chief marshal ; David Maclay, C. H. RuthraufP, 
 aids; B. F. Gilmore, special aid. 
 
 First Division — Grand Army of the Republic — H. G. Bonebrake, marshal ; 
 T. R. Gilland, D. B. Greenawalt, aids; drum corps; Capt. John E. AValkor 
 Post, No. 287, H. G. Bonebrake, commander, 25 men; Welsh Run Band, 13 
 pieces; Lieut. Pomeroy Post, No. 295, W. H. Stewart, commander, 80 men; 
 
436 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 drum corps; Col. P. B. Housum Post, No. 309, Wm. Burgess, pommander, 
 63 men; Fayetteville Band, 14 pieces; Capt. Stevens Post, No. 817, Milton 
 Crawford, commander, 40 men; Shady Grove Band, 16 pieces; Clay Hill 
 Band, 14 pieces; Corp. Eihl Post, No. 438, J. R. Davison, commander, 
 25 men. 
 
 Second Division — Secret Societies— Frank A. Zarman, marshal; John A. 
 Sellers, Geo. W. McCleary, aids. 
 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows— Roxbury Cornet Band, 21 pieces; 
 Columbus Lodge, No. 75, 20 men; Chambersburg Lodge, No. 175, 20 men; 
 Path Valley Lodge, No. 419, 18 men; Scotland Band, 15 pieces; Greenvillage 
 Lodge, No. 831, 32 men; Fannett Lodge, No. 811, 18 men; Eagle Cornet 
 Band, Mercersburg, 17 pieces; Marshal Lodge, No. 233, 25 men; St. Thomas 
 Band, 17 men; St. Thomas Lodge, No. 950, 23 men. 
 
 Improved Order of Red Men — "Waynesboro Lodge, No. 101, 100 men. 
 
 Knights of Pythias — Mount Alto Band, 15 pieces; Caledonia Lodge, No. 
 235, 40 men. 
 
 Third Division — Fire Companies — Christian Frederick, marshal ; Christian. 
 B. Bechtelle, John H. Mull, aids; First Mechanics' Band of Greencastle, 11 
 pieces ; American Steam Fire Engine Company of Greencastle, 40 men — engine 
 drawn by 4 horses; hand engine "Rescue," made in 1741, drawn hj 10 boys; 
 Mechanics' Steam Fire Engine Company of Waynesboro, 40 men — engine 
 drawn by 2 horses. 
 
 Chambersburg Fire Department — Aids, Dr. John Seibert, Wm. Michaels, 
 Wm. McKane, Saml. Greenawalt; Greenwood band, 13 pieces; Friendship 
 Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 1, 28 men — engine drawn by horses; Fan- 
 nettsburg band, 14 pieces; drum corps, 4 pieces; Junior Hose Company, No. 
 2, 48 men; junior band, 14 pieces; Good Will Hose Company, No. 3, 28 men — 
 decorated hose carriage ; Chambersburg band, 18 pieces; Vigilant Hook & Lad- 
 der Company, 28 men — truck drawn by 4 horses; Dry Run Band, 16 pieces; 
 Cumberland Valley Hose Company, No. 5, 15 men — hose carriage; three 
 wagons decorated with temperance mottoes, and filled with 80 girls and 40 
 boys singing temperance songs; executive committee in carriages. 
 
 The procession marched over the following route: Down Second to Cather- 
 ine, up Catherine to Main, down Main to Second, up Second to Market, out 
 Market to Federal, countermarched to the Diamond, and was dismissed. 
 
 The parade moved over the route without a hitch, the organizations, not 
 withstanding the almost intolerable heat, marching in fine style during the 
 hour taken up by tha procession. One thousand and eighty-three persons 
 wore in line, the great majority of them being in uniform. The crowd was 
 very great, 5,000 being the estimate of the number of people in town. 
 
 In the afternoon the streets were enlivened by the great throng of human- 
 ity passing to and fro. Japanese fireworks were exploded at short- intervals, 
 and m watching these and imbibing freely of lemonade and crunching the 
 ungrateful peanut, the visitors spent their time. 
 
 Wilh the coming of the evening the town assumed a still gayer appearance 
 than during the day. Line upon line of lanterns of all patterns and colors 
 ware stretched along the streets, and, throwing their tinted light upon the flags 
 and bunting, added indescribably to the effect. The six electric lights erected 
 by the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, on Market and Main Streets, 
 contributed a large share of the brilliance. 
 
 The attraction of the evening was the carnival, the idea of which was con- 
 ceived and carried out by the young men of town under the management of 
 Air. George Pensinger. It was a decided success. About 175 persons took 
 
tJ^ /fce-^^-^^-T-Tt- 
 
HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 439 
 
 part in it, all arrayed in rich costumes obtained in Philadelphia. Promptly 
 at 8 o'clock the column moved, the order of procession being as follows: Mar- 
 shal and aids, band, four heralds, knights in armor. 
 
 Tableau I. — " The Pen is Mightier than the Sword." This float, contrib- 
 uted by Public Opinion, was illustrative of the maxim that forms its title. To 
 convey the idea, two groups were arranged, on^ representing the terrorism, 
 bloodshed and death caused by the sword, while the other was typical of the 
 blessings produced by the pen. Eight persons were upon this float. 
 
 Tableau II. — "Columbus before the Court of Spain," represented Colum- 
 bus before the Royal Court of Spain after his return from the discovery of 
 America. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand were seated upon the throne, in 
 front of which stood Columbus unrolling the chart, and just behind him, two 
 Indians. 
 
 Gen. LaPayette and French Grenadiers. 
 
 Tableau III. — "Penn receiving the Charter," represented Penn receiving 
 the charter of Pennsylvania from King Charles II. Five other characters were 
 upon the float. 
 
 Tableau IV. — " Franklin' s Printing Office," was represented by two print- 
 ers engaged at their cases. 
 
 Drum Corps. 
 
 Gen. Washington and Continentals on their way to the Whisky Insurrection. 
 
 Tableau V. — "Benjamin Chambers' Visit to the Indian Camp." This float 
 represented four Indian men and a squaw sitting and standing around a camp 
 fire. Near at hand was Benjamin Chambers, the founder of Chdmbersburg, 
 in the act of making a treaty. 
 
 Tableau VI. — "Massacre of Enoch Brown and School Children," por- 
 trayed the most tragic event in the local history of Franklin County. The fig- 
 ures on this float were Brown, his pupils and the murderous red men. 
 
 Knights in Armor. 
 
 Uncle Sam, mounted. 
 
 Tableau VII. — "Our Re-united Country." This was an allegorical tab- 
 leau, illustrative of the progress and prosperity of our country. The princi- 
 pal figure was the Goddess of Liberty, seated on an immense keystone in the 
 center of the float; on each of the four corners were figures which represented 
 war, peace, prosperity and agriculture. 
 
 Yoimg America. 
 
 Band of Indians. 
 
 Tableau VIII. — "Drafting the Declaration of Independence," was a re- 
 production of Chappell's famous painting of the same name. At a table were 
 Jefferson and Livingston, while just behind them were Adams and Sherman. 
 in front of the table, with one hand resting thereon, stood Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 English Soldiers. 
 
 The route of parade was altered slightly from that originally laid out, ow- 
 ing to obstructions on some of the streets. 
 
 All along the route the procession was greeted with applause, and the way 
 was almost blocked by the delighted beholders who found in it the most unique 
 parade this town ever provided. 
 
 TDESDAV'S PROGRAM ORDER OF PROCESSION, ETC. 
 
 Tuesday morning, the centennial day proper, was welcomed by the ringing 
 of bells and the blowing of whistles. From 12 o'clock until 1, the church and 
 fire bells were rung, and the whistles of the mills and Taylor Works blown 
 without a pause. At 3 o'clock the artillerymen fired a salute of 101 guns, and 
 
440 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 soon after, the sun rose in the east and shone brightly, from an unflecked sky, 
 upon the people of Franklin County eager to continue the celebration of their 
 centenary without the intervention of rain. Early in the morning crowds be- 
 gan to arrive in Chambersburg on every train, in carriages and on foot. 
 
 At 10:40 o'clock the Trades Display moved. It was the grandest proces- 
 sion ever witnessed in Chambersburg, giving representation to the implements 
 and scenes of the early years of the county's history, and comparing them with 
 the almost perfect machine of to-day. More than an hour was occupied in pass- 
 ing one point, it extending over nearly four miles. The order of procession 
 was as follows: 
 
 Oificers.— Wm. D. Dixon, chief marshal; P. B. Montgomery, Wm. P. 
 Skinner, aids; B. F. Gilmore, O. C. Bowers, special aids. 
 
 Antrim Tovmship, 1741. — Marshal, B. F. Winger; Samuel Prather, C. 
 Keefer Kisecker, aids; banner; members of township committee; directors 
 Crowell Manufacturing Company; mechanics' band, of Greencastle, 11 pieces; 
 marshal, W. W. Lohman; 125 employes Crowell Manufacturing Company; 
 traction engine; two portable engines; saw- mill in operation; four pieces of ma- 
 chinery; H. S. Walck, grain cradles; Geo. B. Snively, oil-cake meal; E. VV. 
 Fuss & Son, cradles, etc. 
 
 Lurgan Township, 1743. — James Maclay, marshal ; Murray Fickes, Hugh 
 Cover, aids; Keystone Cornet Band, 21 pieces; banners; four wagons. 
 
 Guilford Township, 1751. — Andrew Statler, chief marshal; Amos Heint- 
 zelman, George S. Coover, aids; New Franklin Band, 13 pieces; I. L. Stiner's 
 artesian well-borer; HoUywell paper-mill, two wagons; threshing machine, 
 100 years old. 
 
 Hamilton Township, 1752. — David Eby, marshal; J. W. Bossart, W. M. 
 Allen, aids; hunting scene; steer drawing wagon, Philip Karper, owner; pack 
 horse; beU team; Conestoga wagon; three wagons with brick-making and brick- 
 burning scenes. 
 
 Fannett Township, 1761. — J. H. Witherow, marshal; J. A. Shoemaker, D. 
 L. McDonald, aids; ox team driven by William Wilson, and bearing old plows; 
 spinning scene; three wagons; A. C. Clugston, display of groceries. 
 
 Washington Township, 1779. — James H. Clayton, marshal; Clayton Phil- 
 ips, Ezra Frick, aids; banner; David E. Eider, marshal; Ringgold band, 
 18 pieces; banner; sixty employes of the American Manufacturing Company; 
 dryer, drawn by traction engine; Edgar Penny, marshal; directors of the Frick 
 & Co. shops; A. T. H. &L. band, 25 pieces; 712 employes of Frick & Co., with 
 twelve banners; T. C. Reynolds, marshal; Eclipse Drum Corps, 10 pieces; two 
 road engines and five pieces of machinery, among them a plow made in 1777; 
 Geiser Manufacturing Company; Jos. Rohrer, marshal; Waynesboro Cornet 
 Band, 16 pieces; large banner; four carriages with directors and clerks; 
 500 employes Geiser Manufacturing Company bearing fifteen banners; $500 
 prize traction engine, and old thresher; two additional traction engines, four 
 pieces of machinery and several wagons; Chas. H. Burhman, marshal; Rou- 
 zersville band, 15 pieces; saw-mill of 1784; bell team drawing saw-mill; 
 firm of Ames, Lecron & Sons, in carriage; bell team drawing fertilizers; Wal- 
 ter & Bonebrake, display of groceries. Fahrney's Blood Panacea; Midvale dis- 
 tillery wagon with barrels; J. D. Frederick's photograph wagon; traction en- 
 gme drawmg A. &. J. Wiener's clothing wagon and Hiram Herman's display 
 of organs. 
 
 Southampton Township, ^783.— David Fuller, marshal; J. McCord Means, 
 aid; Cleversburg band, twelve pieces; thoroughbred horse of Samuel Knisley; 
 sixteen horsemen; three carriages and banners. 
 
HISTOEY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 441 
 
 Greene Township, 1782. — Milton Crawford, marshal; M. E. Battin, John 
 S. Immell, aids; banner; representation of Gen. Greene's headquarters; wag- 
 on seventy-four years old and pack horse; band of fifteen Indians; twelve Con- 
 tinental soldiers. 
 
 Peters Township, 1751. — Jacob Blattenberger, marshal; banner; six 
 mounted men. 
 
 Metal Township, 1795. — Fannettsbui-g band, 14 pieces; J. H. Walker, 
 marshal; H. W. Jones, W. M. Eice, aids; banners representing Path Val- 
 ley at the time of the first settlement, and the entrance to the Tuscarora tun- 
 nel; J. McGinly Wilhelm in a farmer's suit worn fifty years ago; five wagons 
 and six mounted men. 
 
 St. Thomas Toumship, 1818-20. — Jacob West, marshal; Daniel Croft, John 
 AHen, aids; St. Thomas band; representation of old-time breaking of flax 
 and spinning; old plow on wagon; Conestoga wagon; war scene; wheat flail 
 ing scene; wheat fan, 140 years old; eleven wagons, five mounted men. 
 
 Quincy Toumship, 1838. — J. R. Small, marsjial; D. M. Lowrj', D. M. 
 Funk, aids; Mont Alto band, 15 pieces; banner; bloomary wagon with forge 
 in fuU operation; smoking charcoal pit; Quincy band, 12 pieces; banner, 
 production of township in 1884, 363, 000 bushels of grain ; rustic pagoda from 
 Mont Alto Park; Quincy Township merchants; banners and wagons. 
 
 Chambersburg. — Samuel Greenawalt, Wilbur F. Eyster, Abr. Hafer, aids; 
 Wm. Michaels, marshal; Cumberland Valley Railroad employes; Junior 
 Band, 16 pieces; drum corps; cairiage containing men in the employ of 
 railroad since 1838: Daniel Hull, the oldest engineer in the United States, 
 commenced running in 1832; Jacob Shaffer, entered the shops in 1838; James 
 Adams and Wm. Mun-ay, connected with the road since 1842; A. H. McCulloh 
 and Levi McCormick, connected with railroad since 1851 ; 200 employes Cum- 
 berland Valley Railroad offices and shops; four carriages containing directors of 
 Taylor Manufacturing Company and office employes ; carriage occupied by Presi- 
 dent Taylor and Superintendent Beck; 208 employes; Gillet's ice manufactur- 
 ing machine; four engines; seven members Butchers' Association. Trades 
 display of Chambersburg merchants: J. Sierer, carpets and hangings; J. N. 
 Dyson, & Co. , two wagons, boots, shoes and trunks ; Finney & Ebersole, road 
 ■engine and four pieces of machinery: R. T. Miley, saddler; B. L. Ryder, port- 
 able furnace and washer; W. G. Reed, plants; Jere Walk, six pieces of machin- 
 ery; Singer Sewing Machine Company, four wagons; A. M. Hyssong, organs; 
 John L. Reside, brick-making; Jacoby & Bro., cigars and tobacco; B. F. 
 Peters, groceries; Jenner Vaccine Farm; P. H. PeifFer, coach-making; W. 
 H. Beck, clothing; D. F. Stager & Sons, tanning; Ed. Hutton, shoes, pony 
 cart; H. S. Gilbert, two wagons, horse and cattle powder; J. L. Decheii, Do- 
 mestic Sewing Machines; Peter Helfrick, sand contractor; J. N. Forbes, marble 
 works; W. H. Eyster, tinware; Isaac Stine, groceries; Chambersburg Spol^e 
 and Wagon Works; J. B. Miller, tinware; American Sewing Machine Com- 
 pany; Craig, Nelson & Co., four wagons, lumber, etc.; M. A. Keefer & Co., 
 two wagons, grain, coal and fertilizers; G. A. Miller & Son, hardware and 
 farm implements; two wagons, men and women; John Peift'er, blacksmithing. 
 
 The display by Chambersburg merchants was large and tine. The floats 
 were decorated with the various articles of merchandise dealt in by our 
 business men, and were most creditable exponents of the progress during the 
 century. 
 
 The procession numbering over 4,000 men passed over the route previously 
 announced. The heat was so intense that many dropped from the line before 
 the place of dismissal was reached. 
 
442 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 In the afternoon the literary exercises of the celebration were given from a 
 large and profusely decorated stand on the Diamond. The crowd of visitors 
 by this time numbered fully 15,000, and so great was the heat that they wan- 
 dered hither and thither seeking some place that would afford them a shelter 
 fi-om the scorching rays of the sun. Only a comparatively small audience 
 greeted the speakers of the afternoon. The exercises were begun at 2 :30 
 o'clock with prayer by Eev. John J. Pomeroy and the hymn, "Before JehovaVs 
 Awful Throne," simg by a choir led by Mr. Wm. G. Beed. George Cham- 
 bers, Esq. , then delivered the historical address. ' ' America ' ' was rendered 
 by the choir. John M. Cooper, Esq. , then read a beautiful poem. The choir 
 sung "All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name," after which Hon. Henry L. Fish- 
 er, of York, delivered an interesting oration on the event celebrated. "Auld 
 Lang Syne" and the doxology were sung and the exercises closed at 6 o'clock. 
 At their conclusion Gen. E. B. Tyler was called upon by soldiers of his old 
 command and he addressed a short speech to them from the platform. He 
 was heartily applauded. 
 
 At 8 o'clock in the evening a display of fire-works was made at East 
 Point, where hundreds of people assembled. Rockets, fountains, mines, wheels 
 and a number of large pieces, 1784 State coat-of-arms, Franklin and some 
 comic portrayals, constituted the display. With this ended Franklin County's 
 most successful and satisfactory celebration. The visitors on both days are 
 estimated to have numbered about 20,000, over 6,000 taking part in the 
 parades. The decorations surpassed any similar occasion, the crowds were 
 larger and all arrangements had been so perfectly made that nothing contem- 
 plated failed of accomplishment. No serious accidents occurred and the best 
 of order prevailed. It was an event which will long be remembered with hap- 
 piest thoughts, and Franklin County can refer with pride to the honors paid 
 her distinguished settlers and farmers in this celebration. 
 
 ADDRESSES, POEMS, ETC. 
 
 The subject matter of the address by Mr. George Chambers, which was an 
 excellent epitome of the county' s history, is given in the different chapters of 
 this histoiy. We regret that the lack of space prevents the publication entire 
 of all the excellent addresses and the poem of the day. We append, however, 
 an extract from Mr. Chambers' historical address, which pays a just compli- 
 ment to the loyalty and patriotism of Franklin County's men and women. 
 Says he: 
 
 " When the slaveholders fired upon the flag at Sumter, in no part of the 
 United States was more indignation felt than in this border county of the 
 North. Her sons were among the first to organize companies to battle for the 
 Uaion. As the war progressed, men from Franklin County continued to press 
 into the ranks of the Union Army until between 5,000 and 6,000 had become 
 soldiers. Of their honored names I cannot mention all, and I shall not men- 
 tion one. Officers and private soldiers, the living and the dead — they are re- 
 membered by friends and neighbors, from whom they parted when they left 
 home for the war, and by their comrades of the camp and inarch and battle- 
 field. The scenes of those exciting years are fresh in the memory of the citi- 
 zens of Franklin County. In that war she was represented by her sons in 
 every State where Union men were sent to crush the rebel hosts. Among all 
 the armies of the North there were no braver men nor men more willing to sac- 
 rifice their lives that our free government might not be destroyed. 
 
 "As to-day the American flag is seen upon every hand, in many a heart will 
 it reawaken the sad feolings of the day of the farewell words bravely spoken. 
 
HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 443 
 
 and the farewell look of love, as the soldier boy left Franklin County to fight 
 for that flag. The father and the mother remember the son who died for his 
 country in a barbarous southern prison — where cruelty worse than Indian tor- 
 tures was deliberately inflicted upon the Union soldier. The sister looks with 
 affectionate regard upon the emblem of liberty, to follow which, in the far off 
 slave State, her brother went from Franklin County never to return. Widow 
 and child now see again the husband and father, who, it would seem, should 
 sleep in a quiet cemetery in this beloved valley, but'whose shattered body sank 
 beneath the waves when the stars and stripes went down in the battle on the 
 sea. In 1862 our soldiers were startled by the news that rebel raiders had 
 come into the very center of this county. And here, in 1863, the hosts of trea- 
 son feasted their astonished vision upon farms, the like of which was never 
 dreamed of in the slave State. 
 
 ' ' The thunder of Meade' s artillery at Gettysburg echoed across this valley. 
 Driven back in that terrible conflict in which soldiers from Franklin County, 
 forgetful of fear, fought with intrepid valor to save the Nation's life, thousaiids 
 of the fleeing rebel army hastened through Franklin County beyond the Mary- 
 land line. In 1864 McCausland came. And soon our volunteers in distant 
 camps were told that again the rebel cavalry had ridden at will through Frank- 
 lin County, and that the town of Chambersburg had been plundered and 
 burned by a horde of thieves and ruffians well selected for their infamous work. 
 To many a Franklin County soldier came the feeling that while he was fighting 
 the battles of the Nation and the commonwealth, at the front, the General 
 Government or the State of Pennsylvania might have placed sufficient force in 
 these border counties to protect his family and home. Still with undiminished 
 patriotism our soldiers remained at their posts, and many more enlisted in the 
 Union Army. Our citizens at home were loyal and steadfast, and the rebel 
 purpose of intimidation failed. 
 
 ' ' The people of this county suffered the same common calamities of war as 
 those of the other portions of the North. Upon southern battle-fields her sol- 
 diers sleep side by side with the men from the other counties of the Keystone 
 State. But her territory was peculiarly the border barrier between the rebel 
 armies and the northern and eastern portions of the State. Her losses, aggre- 
 gating millions, were enormously larger than those of any other county of 
 Pennsylvania. Yet, when petitions, for reimbursement by the commonwealth 
 of the actual money losses, were presented, the authorities answered with ap- 
 propriations which impliedly admitted an obligation, but which paid only a 
 small proportion of the indebtedness. The State saved the expense of troops 
 with which she could have protected her borders. Rich and powerful Penn- 
 sylvania, by her refusal to pay the border losses, enables the rebel robbers and 
 incendiaries to gloat over the continuance of privations which their robbery 
 and torch had inflicted upon many Union families. Men of this valley during 
 the French and Indian war had as a border people protected the counties far- 
 ther east, while the provincial authorities disputed and delayed and left the 
 frontiersmen, principally to their own resources for their own defense. 
 
 "Yet, when the Revolutionary war had come, these same frontiersmen forgot 
 their grievances and rallied for the cause of liberty in distant parts of the col- 
 onies. So now, should Nation or State be threatened by hostile army, no men 
 would respond more patriotically to the call to war, than would the men of 
 Franklin County." 
 
 The poem of Mr. J. M. Cooper is full of historic imagery. The last four 
 stanzas, which give a merited tribute to the natural and developed advantages 
 of the county, will afford a tolerably clear idea of the happy stylo, which 
 
444 HISTOEY OF FEANELIN COUNTY. 
 
 characterized the entire poem. With genuine love for his native county, Mr 
 Cooper feels perfectly justified in giving this advice: 
 
 Sons and daughters of Franklin, go see all the world 
 O'er which banner has floated or sail been unfurled; 
 See the rainbow that arches Niagara's thunders; 
 Feast your eyes till they sate on'Yosemite's wonders: 
 
 Go where history's columns are covered with mould 
 And things new to. us have for ages been old; 
 Go where treasures uncounted by kings have been spent. 
 And art unto nature her genius has lent: 
 
 Thread the paths of all lands; ride the waves of all seas; 
 Drain the flagon of sightseeing down to the lees; 
 And when old age creeps on you and hazes your eye, 
 And you feel that the end of life's journey is nigh — 
 
 Then return to the valley that sponsored your birth. 
 For your last glimpse of sky and your last look of earth. 
 For a picture to match her will never be seen, 
 Till the hand of Jehovah shall roll up yon screen. 
 
 The address of Mr. Henry L. Fisher, of York, Penn., was replete with in- 
 cidents and allusions, that commended themselves with great force to the older 
 members of his audience. A native and former resident of the county, he was 
 well qualified to hold the mirror up to nature, and present a trustworthy sketch 
 of the olden times. That his purpose might be the better understood, he gave 
 this prefatory hint: 
 
 ' ' The old materials, which I have found and used, are drawn chiefly from 
 three sources — the Bible of our fathers, a few of my favorite Poets, and 
 Memory. Prom the Bible, a few serious thoughts; from the Poets, imagery; 
 and from Memory, all the rest. Not a carefully culled and artistically ar- 
 ranged bouquet of literary flowers, but a basket of chips from a bungler' s work- 
 shop; and I set them before you for what they are worth. If they shall be- 
 come ignited — as they probably will, at the present temperature — and serve to 
 rekindle the flame of old friendships, I am sure my highest ambition shall be 
 gratified. ' ' 
 
 Mr. Fisher recalls his experiences and observations in the olden time school 
 as follows: 
 
 "In the winter of 1830-31 I had the good fortune to enter an institution 
 of learning kept in a venerable log edifice that stood, like the famous temple 
 of Apollo at Delphi, in the Cloven way, and near the Castilian fountain; that 
 is to say, in the fork made by the road leading from the Harrisburg & Cham- 
 bersburg turnpike, at the Mennonite meeting-house, toZook's mill. The fac- 
 ulty were Henry Garver and David Snyder. Mr. Garver was the principal, 
 and professor of languages— Anglo- Saxon and Pennsylvania German. Prof. 
 Snyder filled the chair of grammar, geography and the higher branches of 
 arithmetic. He had greater versatility of genius than any gentleman I ever 
 knew except the late lawyer, Samuel B. Fetrow, of York County. Snyder was 
 both skeptical and non-committal. He never could be convinced that there 
 was any difference between six dozen dozen and half a dozen dozen, or that 
 there was any absolutely correct 'mathematical' process for solving the old 
 question : If a herring and a half cost a cent and a half, what will twelve cost ?' 
 except by means of logarithms. Nor would he ever squarely admit that two and 
 two make four. He always qualified by saying that ' according to arithweiica 
 it would appear to be so.' His pronunciation of certain words was very pe- 
 culiar Circumference, he pronounced circum/erence; politics, pontics." and 
 moustaches, musty cheese. 
 
HISTORY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 445 
 
 "Our principal English text books were, I think, Olney's Geography, Kirk- 
 ham's Grammar, the Bible, and the English Reader, Cobb's Spelling Book, 
 John Eodger' 8 Primer, and Pike's and Jesses' Arithmetics. In German we had 
 Der Psalter and Martin Luther's ' Grosse A B C Buch,' illustrated with a 
 picture of the great reformer in his clerical robes on one side and a big rooster 
 on the other side of the blood-red cover. At the holidays we barred the mas- 
 ters out, of course. John Lutz, the oldest male scholar, had the business in 
 charge, and with his little salvation army of girls and boys, for a short time, 
 bravely held the fort. But while Garver was making a diversion at a window, 
 Snyder climbed up a corner, got on the loft, threw brimstone down the stove- 
 pipe, and smoked us out. Notwithstanding, Garver, when in, signed the ' ar- 
 ticle,' drawn up by Lutz, and treated to all it called for: the usual quantity 
 of cakes and candies, and two or three bucketfuls of strong beer. All passed 
 off splendidly, according to the time-honored custom, and nothing was ever 
 heard of it in the courts of law, or even in history. What would the school 
 directors say to such performances now-a-days? I have been somewhat minute 
 in this statement for two reasons : First, because there may be those still here 
 who were there and will remember the circumstance (my old friend, Jacob 
 Zook, for instance). And also, because it may furnish to those, who are too 
 young to have had any experience of this kind, some idea of what an old-time 
 country school was then like here in Cumberland Valley, and to contrast it 
 with those of the present. And there on that classic spot of sylvan beauty, 
 and tmder the influence and inspiration of those two oracles, Garver and Sny- 
 der, I, with other young ideas of the neighborhood — the Lehmys, the Lutzes, 
 the Millers, the Manns, the Minichs, the Klughs, the Gelsingers, the Shirks, 
 the Stouchs, the Zooks and others, all drank deep of the Pierian spring and 
 learned to read, write and cipher. 
 
 " This temple of learning being closed during the summer months, the still 
 higher and superior school of Prof. Thomas Harris and his able assistants was 
 sought and entered — in the little old brick sohoolhouse in the rear of the 
 German Reformed Church. His school was soon after removed to the first 
 floor of the Masonic Hall, on Second Street, where he taught for a number of 
 years. His discipline, in point of severity, was fully 'up to the mark' of 
 those times, as Dr. Abe. Senseny, Hiram Keyser, Jacob Miller, Jacob Noel, 
 John Radebaugh, Dr. Boyle, Stephen J. Brown, Peter Dechert, Daniel Dech- 
 ert and other old schoolmates might bear witness. ' ' 
 
 The speaker pays his respects to the past by recalling some of its political 
 movements: 
 
 "In that interval occurred, also, probably the two most remarkable national 
 political campaigns of any age or country — those of 1840 and 1844. Their 
 respective results at the polls, in the shape of dry figures representing the offi- 
 cial vote and majorities, like those of any other election, however insignificant, 
 have found their place in the pigeon holes of the political past. But nowhere, 
 outside a few old musty newspaper files, so far as I am aware, is there any 
 record to be found, illustrated or otherwise, of the extraordinary political say- 
 ings and doings of 1840 and 1844. They simply rest in the memories of a 
 comparatively few survivors, who actually participated in those fierce presiden- 
 tial conflicts, which drew, not only men, but women and children into their 
 fearful vortex. And in no other 'country, probably, save this glorious, free 
 and law-abiding one of ours, could such scenes have been enacted and such 
 rancorous partisan vituperation (to call it by no harsher name) have been in- 
 dulged in, not merely at the hustings and by the political press, but at the 
 fireside, in the family, in the social circle, in the shops, in the fields, on th& 
 
446 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 iighways and the byways, wherever men of opposite political views and feel- 
 ings met, and even in the churches, without bloodshed. And it really was no 
 very rare occurrence for women (I won't say ladies, except in the sense m 
 which every woman is a lady) who were on 'opposite sides of the fence, to 
 discuss the political situation with each other up to the boiling point— m the 
 shape of hot water, as a more convincing argument m the last resort. 
 
 "The first log cabin I ever saw was in May, 1840, near the center of this 
 square It was built on wheels, and from a barrel of hard eider within, 
 eourd-shells full of that delicious beverage were furnished gratuitously to all 
 the votaries of Tippecanoe and Tyler, too, who desired to indulge; and they 
 did indulge, as many of us remember, Whigs and floating Democrats, until 
 both floated, locked in blissful union in each other's arms, or about each other's 
 necks singing and shouting hosannas to the nominees, and all in glowing 
 anticipation of a promised political millennium, which none of them ever lived 
 to see; which, in fact, never came; for to this day the promise of '$2 a day and 
 roast beef,' which was emblazoned on a banner surmounting that cabin, re- 
 mains unfulfilled (unless in trade dollars and Chicago beef). The famous 
 Buckeye-Blacksmith was on hand, haranguing the people on the tariff. 
 
 " The log cabin, with a ring-tailed, live raccoon on top, was drawn by four 
 horses in the procession, a wild, moving panorama of footmen, horsemen, car- 
 riages and farm wagons filled with men, women, boys and girls, singing cam- 
 paign songs to the tunes of ' Old Dan Tucker,' ' Mary Blaine,' ' Lucy Neal ' 
 and the ' Captain with the Whiskers,' shouting, cheering and waving flags and 
 banners and rolling balls inscribed with all sorts of devices, mottoes, promises 
 and predictions, that an unduly excited political feeling could suggest.or perpe- 
 trate. It succeeded for once. But four years later came the great reaction, 
 and the Democrats went just as wild in their way, caricaturing the whole show-- 
 ■of 1840 as a fraud under the banner of Polk, Dallas, Shunk and the tariff of 
 1842; carrying the now dead coon, labeled 'Whig Principles,' and John 
 Stickle' 8 stuffed muly cow, with a silver dollar dangling from each horn, in 
 procession. 
 
 " The presidential campaign of 1844 was, probably, in all respects, more re- 
 markable than that of 1840. The artistic part of that of 1840 was impromptu, 
 crude and cheap; but it took the Democrats by surprise. It was the first at- 
 tempt, on an extended scale, or organized plan, to sway the public mind by a 
 big show, appealing to passion and popular prejudice, and by means of a free, 
 intoxicating beverage, and doughnuts and cold cow-heels, even to the cravings 
 of the sadly demoralized popular stomach, to carry the election by storm. 
 And yet the Democrats appear to have been the first to resort to any unusual 
 and extraordinary methods on such occasions; it was their hickory-tree and 
 cotton-ball demonstrations in the interests of Jackson, in the campaigns of 1828 
 and 1832, and of Van Buren in 1836, that suggested or provoked the log 
 cabin, the pine tree, the coon and the hard cider of 1840; and these, in turn, 
 provoked the merciless caricatures and burlesques of 1844. But, after all, 
 there was vastly more of fun than fury in those grand old-time popular up- 
 risings and demonstrations; nor will the political history of the country ever 
 be complete without an illustrated edition embracing an account of them. 
 Each ia its turn was, in effect, like a great thunder-storm, sweeping over the 
 land, prostrating the weak and the rotten before it, but leaving the sound and 
 the stalwart more firmly rooted than ever, and all proving the mighty strain 
 which the great, grand and glorious political fabric reared for us by our fathers 
 was capable of bearing. ' ' 
 
 The early settlers were religious by instinct and education. To them the 
 
(Mci^i^..^^ 'H^^-^y-^^^^^ 
 
HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 449 
 
 church was iadispensable both for th« social and religious advantages. The 
 are thus introduced: 
 
 " But we must go to church — the old church of our fathers and mothers. 
 The pews may be a little stiff, and hard and uncomfortable. The brick floor 
 may look hard and cheerless. The old half-mile stove-pipes and the great old 
 stoves may have become a little rusty and unsightly, the velvet collection bags 
 at the ends of long poles may have become a little faded and dingy and the 
 little ' klingle ' that was so deftly concealed in the huge black tassel may be 
 lost. There may be wasps' nests in the wainscoting and the quaint old cornices, 
 and there may be a bumblebee' s nest in the sounding-board above the old sugar- 
 bowl pulpit, or in the holy altar itself. But here we sit as the worshipers 
 gather, clothed in the queer costumes of half a century ago ; the men in their 
 bell-crowned hats, brown surtouts or blue swallowtailed coats, plaided 
 pants, broad ribbon and big watch seal, buff, or satin vests, and high stocks, 
 or square yards of black silk around their necks, and great square-toed boots 
 on their feet. The women with their ' sky-scraper ' bonnets or their green 
 calashes; dresses with mutton-leg sleeves, upholstered with hoops and feath- 
 ers, and — I don't care what more. And now the congregation are all seated; 
 the young people in the galleries cease to whisper as the preacher, with 
 solemn mien, emerges from the cosy nook of secret prayer, and ascends the pul- 
 pit, and, as he lifts his hands to Heaven, all rise and reverently bow their heads; 
 and once more we hear: 'How amiable are Thy tabernacles, Oh Lord of 
 hosts; a day in Thy courts is better than a thousand. The sparrow hath found 
 a house, and the swallow a nest for herself, even thine altar. ' We sit and 
 listen to an old-fashioned sermon, earnest, pungent, solemn and full of plain 
 gospel truth. "We join in the good old congregational praise singing, with the 
 spirit and the understanding; out of the old books we sing to Old Hundred — 
 ' Praise God from whom all blessings flow. ' All open their mouths wide and 
 fling, and the swelling volumes of praise fill the house and roll out through 
 the open windows and die away in the surrounding grove, but are heard in 
 heaven. " 
 
 The natural] gallantry of the speaker would not allow him to cease with 
 out paying some attention to the claims of the fair sex. Having made a grace- 
 ful bow, he continues: "And now, I invite the ladies to an old-time quilting. 
 We have only time for a peep from the kitchen to see and hear what is going 
 on, and make a slight sketch of the picture. 
 
 There is the quilt, already framed, 
 
 And now the quilters come; 
 Clothed in their homespun, hoods in hand, 
 Our good old rural mothers stand, 
 
 As welcome as at home; 
 Their hoods aside, or in their laps — 
 Behold their ruffled home-made caps. 
 
 Armed to the remnant of their teeth 
 
 With thread on skeins or spools, 
 They come with needles, thimbles, wax, 
 And chalk and scissors in their sacks, 
 
 Or quaint old reticules; 
 And many more convenient things, 
 All dangling from their apron strings. 
 
 And as of old, all talk at once 
 
 Of weather, health and news; 
 Now is the waning Are rebuilt, 
 And quilters sitting round the quilt 
 
 In pairs, or twos and twos; 
 The figures drawn and marked with pins. 
 The needle-work at length begins. 
 
 24 
 
450 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 And so they quilt and talk and quilt. 
 
 With one eye on the'clock. 
 Till older dames with failing charms, 
 With failing strength and weary arms 
 
 Sit back, awhile, and rock — 
 Pass round the pipe and take a puff. 
 Pass round the box and take a snuff. 
 
 The enervating stimulants 
 
 Excite a shortlived breeze; 
 The pipe glows witj) celestial fire. 
 Its fragrant fumes their tongues inspire — 
 
 Good heavens, what a sneeze! 
 'Twas like the roar of musketry 
 Charged muzzle deep with Pike's Rappee, 
 
 Or ' Congress,', or with ' Schneeberger' — 
 
 Great snuffs in olden times: 
 ' Schneeberger' was the most renowned 
 For sneezing, on a half a pound 
 
 You'd sneeze a thousand times; 
 Nor did it ever fail to chase 
 A wrinkle from an aged face. 
 
 Brief is the breeze of puff and snuff. 
 
 Again they yawn and sigh; 
 Again they look up at the clock — 
 Hark! at the door a gentle knock. 
 
 And now it opens wide — 
 'O fortunate, happy day!' 
 Here's cakes and wine upon a tray! 
 
 And first the cakes are passed around. 
 
 And then the glowing wine; 
 When cakes and wine their tongues inspire, 
 The conversation raises higher, 
 
 And now we see them shine! 
 Their upturned specs bestride each head. 
 Their cheeks and noses turning red. 
 
 Such conversation as that is 
 
 No other place is heard; 
 Where, when ten women, for the nonce. 
 Promiscuously,- all speak at once. 
 
 And each the final word 
 Determined is to have and speak. 
 The ' golden silence of the Greek.' 
 
 "It is now late in the afternoon, and supper is about over: 
 
 But still they sit and talk and sip 
 
 And praise the rich repast. 
 Inquire how this and that were made, 
 How much for this or that was paid, 
 
 And at the very last, 
 Each one, just for a final sup. 
 Consents to take ' j-u-s-t half a cup.' 
 
 O, Coffee! what hast thou not done 
 
 For suffering woman-kind? 
 What triumphs hast thou not achieved 
 O'er doctor's doses, and relieved 
 
 The body and the mind? 
 Where they with drastic drop and pill 
 But seldom cure and often kill. 
 
 Before the party separates 
 
 The jjuilt must be complete; 
 Each quilter now resumes her place, 
 And. now, behold, they quilt a race. 
 
 To see which side can beat; 
 And when complete they won't decline 
 Just one more cake and glass of wine. 
 
BOKOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 451. 
 
 Thus were the finest quilts prepared 
 
 That ever graced abed; 
 Ofor the slumbers there enjoyed — 
 All undisturbed and unannoyed. 
 
 The happy, youthful head 
 And stomach were without one care 
 Or kick from the nocturnal mare. 
 
 Time never wearies in his flight, 
 
 No truce his match delays. 
 As quilts were made by thrifty wives. 
 So checkered are our several lives, 
 
 In many, many ways; 
 As quilts when they were done and rolled, 
 Our lives like fireside tales are told." 
 
 Thus closed FranMin County's First Centennial, a fitting tribute-totKe past 
 and a hopeful index to the future. In what was said and done we see ■ 
 
 In history's fragmentary tale. 
 Bright clews of continuity, 
 
 Learn that high natures over Time prevail 
 
 And feel ourselves a link in that entail 
 That binds all ages past with all that are to be. — Lowell, 
 
 OHAPTER XIX. 
 
 BOEOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 
 
 Desckiption — Early History — Incorporation — Banks — Fiest Market 
 Houses — Present Market HotrsE— Water Works— Gas Works— Fire De- 
 PARTMENT- Manufactories— Secret Societies— Churches— Cemetery- 
 Schools. 
 
 CHAMBEESBTJEG, the capital of Franklin County, is the queen town of 
 the Cumberland Valley. It is pleasantly and healthfully situated at the 
 confluence of the two beautiful creeks — the Falling Spring and the Conoco- 
 cheague, near the geographical center of the county of which it is the seat of jus- 
 tice, and only a few miles south of the central point of the valley. Eepresenting 
 the valley by the Indian's favorite weapon of warfare, the beautiful Kittatinny 
 range is the bow, South Mountain is the string, the Susquehanna and the Poto- 
 mac are the points of imion, and the Baltimore and Pittsburgh pike the line- 
 along which the arrow was shot westward. Near this arrow line is the neat and, 
 cleanly little city whose history, personal and corporate, marks an era of strug- 
 gle and conquest, destruction and recovery. 
 
 early histobt. 
 
 As will be seen in another chapter, its origin dates from the pioneer settlement 
 formed by Col. Benjamin Chambers, in 1730; but it was not regularly laid out 
 till 1764, when the settlement known prior to that date as "Falling Spring,"' 
 "Benjamin Chambers'," or "Chambers' Fort" was called Chambers' Town. 
 The latter name it held till the erection of the county in 1784, when it was 
 modified by the adoption of the present beautiful one — Chambersburg. 
 
 To" bring the new town properly before the people, Col. Chambers, busi- 
 ness-like, lept a standing advertisement in the Philadelphia press. In one of 
 
t52 HISTOKY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 the only papers published in the city at that time, the Pennsylvania Gazette, 
 of July 19, 17G4, appeared this card: 
 
 Notice is hereby pven to the Public, that there is a town laid out on Conegogig Creek, 
 on both sides of the Great Falling Spring, where It fulls into said Creek, by Benjamin 
 Chambers of Cumberland County. Lots maybe had on reasonable terms and FirmDei-ds 
 granted for them by said Chambers; tlie day appointed for drawing said lots is the 38th 
 day of June inst.. being Thursday. The situation of this town is very good for waterand 
 atone, both free and marble, and sand all handy to the spot, and a well timbered part of 
 the country adjoining it; within said town is a good Grist Mill, Saw Mill and Grindstones 
 goin"- by water. The articles of tlie Town shall be read on the day appointed for the 
 drawing of the Lots, and the teims of the sale published by me. 
 
 Benjamin Chambehs. 
 
 'The original town plat was south of the Falling Spring and east of the 
 Conocoeheague, and looked more for a southern than a western extension, as is 
 shown by the improvements southward. "The growth of the town," says Dr. 
 W. C. Lane,* "was slow. Some ten years after it was laid out, the build- 
 ings were nearly all confined to Main Street, although a few farmers lived 
 arouad what are now the outskirts of the borough. Dr. Calhoon, who was 
 married to Miss Ruhamah Chambers, then lived on the corner of King and 
 Main Streets. Beyond his residence no improvements were yet made. His 
 house stood considerably beyond the other buildings on the street. North- 
 aast of the Falling Spring was a deep and almost impassable swamp, which 
 was, of course, unfit for building purposes. The road toward Shippensbm'g 
 crossed the spring at the present fording, on King Street, and, following its 
 course through the Indian burial place, and the yard of the Presbyterian 
 Church, finally joined the present road in front of the church, and pursued 
 its eastward course several rods distant from the present turnpike, but nearly 
 parallel with it. The only place where the Conocoeheague could be crossed 
 near the southern limit of the town, was at the ' Lower Fording ' at Lemnos 
 Factory, where the stream is now crossed by the bridge. At this fording Col. 
 Chambers kept a flat boat for the convenience of foot passers. Two roads then 
 ran westward from the fording; one of which, now Franklin Street, wound 
 over the hill till it reached Market Street, and then proceeded directly west. 
 rhe other ran through Wolffstown and formed a junction with the former one 
 at the western point, about a mile from the center of the town. Between the 
 railroad, where it crosses Market Street, and the Diamond, were three or four 
 smali houses, in one of which, that stood near the residence of the late Dr. B. 
 S. Schneck, lived Dr. Abraham Senseny, the grandfather of our eminent towns- 
 man. Dr. A. H. Senseny. These houses were nearly surrounded by woods. 
 The hill oq. which the academy stands and the country surrounding it, was 
 covered with a dense woods, and abounded in wild animals of various kinds. 
 The venerable widow of Dr. Senseny told the writer that the howling of the 
 wolves in this woods, after nightfall, was no infrequent sound, and that they 
 often ventured beyond the margin of the forest, even in daytime, thus enabling 
 her to view their gaunt forms from the door of her dwelling. On Market 
 Street, between the Diamond and the creek, no houses had yet been built, and 
 the original forest trees were still standing. Col. Chambers then lived on the 
 bank of the creek, near the cemetery, as has already been stated; and his or- 
 chard extended from ihe creek west to Franklin Street, and embraced that 
 large tract of ground between Market and Water Streets and the boundaries 
 already specified. The grain fields of the Colonel were situated along Second 
 Street, and extended from the present market house to Market Street, and ran 
 
 »"0hamber3burff in lh« Olden Time." written for Public Opinion, 1877. 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEBSBUBG. 453," 
 
 back to the margin of the woods, a few rods further east, toward the 
 academy. 
 
 ' ' During the next few years the town considerably improved in appearance 
 and growth, a number of settlers having pui-chased lots and built dw.e]llings_ 
 On Main Street, on the corner of King, in the house long occupied by Mr. 
 George Goettman, Capt. Owen Aston then resided. The building was erected 
 by a man named McCune. Near the residence of the late Judge Oyster, stood, 
 a small house tenanted by an old lady familiarly known as Molly Cline. Op- 
 posite the residence of Dr. Calhoon, where the late Joseph Culbertson and 
 William G. Eeed, Esq. formerly resided, was a small log house, built and oc- 
 cupied by a man named McKain, whose occupation was that of a tanner. His 
 tanyard lay between his house and the Falling Spring, and in it was manu- 
 factured the first leather made in Chambersburg. Col. William Chambers, 
 son of the founder of the town, lived in the house for many years occupied by 
 Mr. Alonzo Fry, a few doors north of Trostle's hotel. Proceeding up Maia 
 Street, we next come to the stone house on the corner of the Diamond, belong- 
 ing to Mr. Andrew J. Miller. This building was erected by John Jack, about the 
 year 1770, and was used as a tavern for many years. 
 
 "For about ten years after the formation of Franklin County, until the 
 court-house was finished, the courts were held in this building. On one oc- 
 casion, during the progress of an important trial, when the room was crowded 
 with spectators, one of the joists suddenly cracked and permitted the floor to 
 sink several inches, to the great consternation of those present. The broken 
 joist was retained in its proper position by iron bands, and thus remained an 
 interesting memorial of our early history until the house was destroyed by fire 
 at the burning of Chambersburg, in 1864, by McCausland's incendiaries,. 
 The next building on that side of the street stood on the site of the Chambers 
 burg Bank. This was the tavern stand of Robert Jack, and was the first tav 
 ern kept in the town. The building was at a later period occupied for many 
 years by Jimmy Jack, so well known to the preceding generation, and of 
 whose quaint sayings and doings the present citizens have heard so many ex- 
 amples. The house was built of logs and afterward weatherboarded, and 
 was partly surrounded by a porch, which, on summer evenings, was a favorite 
 place of resort for the gentlemen of the town. It was torn down in 1828, the 
 year in which the bank was built. The next house to which we come, was a 
 small log cabin, which stood where the fine brick dwelling of the late Thoiaas 
 G. McCulloh, Esq., was subsequently built, and owned by Dr. James Hamil- 
 ton when it was destroyed by the rebels, at the burning of the town, 18(54. 
 This original house was owned by Geo. Cresinger, who kept a small store. 
 After the erection of Franklin County, in 1784, before the old jail was btiilt, 
 this house was used as a county prison. So insecure was it, that culprits were 
 chained to the floor and a guard of armed men was stationed around it to 
 prevent their escape. On the corner of the Diamond and Main Street, where 
 the store of Messrs. J. Hoke & Co. stands, a small dwelling of logs then stood" 
 This was the residence of Gen. James Chambers, the oldest son of Col. Ben j'a 
 min Chambers. 
 
 "Adjoining the property of Gen. Chambers, Nicholas Snider lived in' n 
 small log house. Where the court-house stands was the residence of Capt. 
 Samuel Lindsay, also a Revolutionary soldier. A small log hut then occupied 
 the corner of the Diamond and Market Street, where the Franklin County Bank 
 is located. The building was originally built for a blacksmith shop, biit was 
 afterward converted into a printing office, and was used by Mr. Robert Harpei 
 for the publication of the Franklin Repository, eighty years ago. Thomas Shan- 
 
454 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 non's confectionery shop was next in order as we pass up Main Street. This 
 stood where Capt. John Jeffries is now engaged in the same business. Shan- 
 non's original building was small and rough, but he eventually erected the one 
 long occupied by Capt. Jeffries. For many years there were no buildings of 
 -any description between Shannon' s property and the Union Hotel, for many 
 years kept by Adam Fisher, and, after him, by his son, John, near the corner 
 <of Main and Queen Streets. Not far from Fisher's tavern, William Shannon 
 tept a small public house. Mr. Shannon was a shoemaker as well as publican, 
 -and, in those early days, when traveling was not as common as it now is, he 
 found ample time for the pursuit of his trade. These few scattered houses 
 were then all that formed the now handsome town of Chambersburg. They 
 were, with one exception, all built of logs, and were hastily and carelessly 
 ■erected to meet the pressing exigencies of backwoods life. The country 
 around the town was sparsely settled, although some of the more desirable 
 locations were already selected by the hardy pioneers. It will be observed 
 that there were yet no buildings on any of the streets of the town except Main 
 Street. Building on Second Street did not begin until about the year 1780. 
 At this time the improvement of the town was almost at a stand, and very few 
 buildings were raised until the erection of Franklin County, in 1784. This 
 event gave a fresh impulse to improvement, and during the ten succeeding 
 years a large number of brick buildings- were erected on Main Street.' Eighty- 
 five years ago, the following brick and stone houses had been built: Beginning 
 at the southern end of the town, and proceeding toward the Falling Spring, 
 the first house on the west side of the street is the one built by Daniel 
 Onangst, and for many years occupied by Dennis Berry and his family, by 
 whom it is yet owned. The next house is the stone one near the German Re- 
 formed Church, now owned by Mrs. Jarret. This building was erected by 
 Moses Blackburn, a mason, about the year 1789. In 1791 Mr. Jacob Dechert 
 built the brick house now occupied as an office by Dr. J. L. Suesserott. Jo- 
 seph Allison, a hatter, built and resided in the house for many years owned and 
 occupied by Mr. Frederick Miller, now the residence of his son, Charles F. 
 Miller. There were no brick or stone houses between this point and the resi- 
 dence and office of the late Dr. John C. Richards. On this site then stood a 
 two-story stone house, which was occupied as a tavern by William Morrow. 
 This was then considered the best hotel in the town, and is rendered memora- 
 ble as the house in which Ge a. Washington and his staff lodged over night, 
 while on their way to the western section of the State, to suppress the Whisky 
 iBebellion in 1794. The stone house was removed by Thomas Johns in 1820, 
 and a brick one erected in its place, which, in its turn, was burned by the 
 rebels in 1864. On the corner of the Diamond and Market Street, on the 
 site of the Central Presbyterian Church, stood a stone tavern, which was 
 built by John McKonkey. This was known as the ' Green Tree Hotel. ' at 
 -a later period kept by Thomas Hetich. These two last named houses were 
 feuilt about the year 1786. The stone house owned by Mr. Andrew J. Miller, 
 ;3s we have already seea, had been put up some years pi'eviously, and was the 
 first stone house built in Chambersburg. The next house was across the 
 ^allsy, and was the residence of Mr. Danig. father of the late Louis Denig, 
 an 1 was, at a later day, ocsupied by the late Judge Jacob Oyster. These 
 wei'e all the brick and stone buildings on the west side of Main Street. Re- 
 trasiag our steps toward Ihe point from which wd started, we shall note the 
 brick acid stone dwellings on the other side of the street. Opposite the Pres- 
 byteriaa Church was a brick house then in course of completion by Dr. Andrew 
 Baum, a nitive of Germany, who had recently come to the town.' The Doctor 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 455 
 
 removed from Chambersburg before it was finished, and sold it to Christian 
 Etter, by whom it waa completed. It was purchased by Mr. Abraham D. 
 Caufman, and is now owned by Col. James G. Elder. 
 
 "The public house for so many years kept by Jacob Snider, was built in 1777, 
 on the ground on which the National Hotel now stands. It was built by Nich- 
 olas Snider, father of Jacob Snider. The next house was the one already men- 
 tioned as belonging to Capt. John Jeffries. About the same year the stone 
 house so long in the possession of the late George S. Eyster, was built and 
 used as a dwelling by Samuel Purviance. Michael Trout kept tavern in the 
 house long known as Eadebaugh's Tavern, which stood where Mr. John 
 Fisher's fine Indian Queen Hotel now stands. The next house on the south is 
 the one formerly owned by Mr. Henneberger. It and the one occupied by Dr. 
 Edmund Culbertson are supposed to be the oldest brick houses in Chambers- 
 burg. Nearly opposite the Berry property lived Conrad Snider, in a two-story 
 brick house, which was the last one on this side of the street. Prom the above 
 enumeration, the reader will readily perceive that, at this early period, Cham- 
 bersburg presented a very striking contrast with its present handsome appear- 
 ance. The great majority of the buildings were mere cabins, only a story 
 and a half high, with the upper apartments so low, that a man of ordinary 
 height could scarcely stand upright without striking his head against the roof. 
 Eooms suitable for stores were scarce, and the latter were necessarily small. 
 We may remark in this connection, that the first store opened in Chambersburg 
 was kept by a man named Somerfield, in a small room on the corner of Main 
 .and Queen Streets, on the site of the store of Mr. John Huber. Mr. Patrick 
 Campbell succeeded Mr. Somerfield, and carried on the business there for 
 many years. Some of our older citizens well remember Mr. Campbell and his 
 fltore. 
 
 ' ' In the year 1788, Capt. Benjamin Chambers extended the town on the west 
 bank of the Conococheague, in consequence of the increasing trade with the 
 western part of the State. At the time the town was laid out by Col. Cham- 
 bers, the travel was nearly all toward the settlements in Virginia and Maryland, 
 .and, influenced by that fact, the proprietor laid out his lots in that direction. 
 
 " The creek was crossed on Market Street by a rough wooden bridge, which, 
 previous to the extension of the town beyond its western bank, was not often 
 used. Now, however, it was replaced by a more substantial and permanent 
 •structure. About the year 1791 a few brick buildings had been erected in this 
 portion of the town; notably, the house on the bank of the creek and the one 
 adjoining ^t, opposite Mr. John Miller's hotel, the former then occupied by 
 Fredrick Spain-, a mason of herculean strength, and the latter by Christian 
 Grove. The old tavern stand had been already built. Before the old brick house 
 was erected, a log house occupied the same position. This was the first house 
 built on this side of the Conococheague. When the workmen were engaged in 
 digging the cellar under this old house, they suddenly came upon a large, flat 
 stone, which was found to cover the mouth of a well, that was of average depth, 
 and walled with rough stones. When, and by whom, this well was built, be- 
 come interestirig questions for the antiquarian to solve. It will be remembered 
 ihat prior to its discovery, no white settlers had yet dwelt on this side of the 
 Conococheague, and, consequently, it could not have been dug by them. Then 
 its mouth was several feet below the surface of the ground, and, if it could 
 possibly have been constructed by them, why should they have gone to the 
 almost impracticable labor of concealing it f It evidently existed long before 
 the settlement of the town, and was made by some race of people who inhabited 
 this region before the Indian tribes which lived here at the time when Col. 
 
456 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Chambers built his cabin at the mouth of the Falling Spring. The mystery 
 attending its origin is deepened, when it is remembered that several elegant 
 and never- failing springs were in its immediate vicinity, from which abundant 
 supplies of clear and cool water could at all times be obtained. The above 
 mentioned story is not fabulous, but was received by the writer from old citi- 
 zens of unquestionable truthfulness, who saw the well at the time it was ex- 
 posed by the excavation of the cellar; and their story has been fully corrob- 
 orated by several most respectable citizens who had often heard of the singular 
 discovery from their ancestors. 
 
 "In 1790 there were no buildings of any importance between the Diamond 
 and the creek. Prior to the year 1822, the ground lay pretty much in its orig- 
 inal condition. Between the corner, occupied by the old ' Green Tree Tav- 
 ern, ' so long a favorite lodging place for the old citizens of the neighborhood 
 when visiting the town, and the alley west of it, on the ground formerly oc- 
 cupied by the Arcade, the only buildings were a small, weather-boarded 
 house, and the stable belonging to the hotel. Between the alley and the 
 creek was a deep and wide hollow, the lower side of which sloped gradually 
 toward the water; near the bank of the stream was a large sycamore tree, 
 which had stood there for ages, and beneath whose spreading branches the 
 good wives of the town were accustomed to assemble in pleasant weather to 
 perform their weekly labors over the washtub, and, perchance, discuss the 
 prominent social events of the preceding week. Near this tree was a fine 
 spring of cold water, which afforded a full supply of the refreshing beverage 
 to the inhabitants of the neighborhood. This place was the play-ground of 
 the children of the town, and the thick green sward and the cedar grove which 
 covered a part of it, admirably fitted it for this purpose. The house on the 
 old tannery lot, on the opposite side of the street, was already built and used 
 as a brewery. It was afterward remodeled and converted into a dwelling 
 house by the late James Finley. From this point toward the Diamond was a 
 row of brick houses built by John Shryock and James Finley. There was one 
 other house, further east, which was occupied by Mrs. Johns for many years. 
 This was built by George Cook. These three last named houses were built 
 about the beginning of the present century. The well-known stone tavern 
 stand, styled the ' Golden Lamb, ' on the corner now in the occupancy of 
 the Valley Spirit printing ofSce, and for many years kept by the late John 
 Noel, was built in 1795, by Stephen Eigler. Previous to that year a large 
 walnut tree stood on the same corner, and was a conspicuous landmark in the 
 neighborhood. When the present handsome building was erected a few years 
 ago by Mr. George Ludwig, the bole of the old tree was unearthed in an ex- 
 cellent state of preservation. 
 
 "The old court-house was built between the years 1786 and 1794. It was 
 commenced in the former and completed in the latter year. The old stone 
 jail, on the northeast corner of Second and Market Streets, was erected be- 
 tween the years 1786 and 1798. It was under roof in 1791, but not finished 
 before 1798. The first jailer was Owen Aston, who lived in a small frame 
 house east of the prison. Previous to the e^ction of the stone jail, an old 
 log jail occupied the same site. In the yard attached to this building, a 
 couple of convicts were himg at an early day. After the completion of the 
 stone building, a couple of negroes were executed from a platform which ex- 
 tended into the yard from one of the back windows. These executions, with 
 the hanging of a man named Thomas McKean, about the year 1807, on the hill 
 near the academy, are the full number of all that have occurred in the county. ' ' 
 
 The executions in Franklin County were briefly: (1) John Hanna and 
 
^^/;^<^ ^^ /?^22i.^^6^^^ 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBEBSBURG. 450 
 
 Josiah Eamage, by Jeremiah Talbot, Wednesday, May 3, 1786, for murder ;. 
 (2) Jack Durham, negro slave, by John Johnston, Tuesday, July 8, 1788, 
 for rape; (3) John MoKean, by Jacob Snyder, December 22, 1807, for mur- 
 der; (4) Hezekiah Shaffer, by Michael Gable, April 18, 1879, for murder; (5) 
 Peachey Swingle (colored) by Michael Gable, June 6, 1879, for murder. For- 
 merly, it seems, other days than Friday were unlucky. — [Compiles.] 
 
 "About the time of the erection of Franklin County, in September, 1784, 
 the legal punishment of criminals was somewhat different from that which is 
 enforced at the present day. The venerable Jacob Immel, late of Greenvillage, 
 told the writer, that, upon one occasion, seeing a number of citizens collected 
 in the Diamond, and, curious to learn the cause, he approached the crowd, 
 and saw that the source of the attraction was a culprit who was undergoing 
 the operation of cropping, after having previously stood an hour in the pillory 
 and received thirty-nine lashes upon his bare back. Immediately in front of 
 the Repository office was a large hollow, from the center of which grew a large 
 walnut tree, to which culprits were tied when about to suffer flagellation. As 
 the population of the town increased and with it also the number of criminals, 
 a larger and more secure prison became necessary; and, consequently, the 
 present building, which vras formerly called the new jail, to distinguish it 
 from the old stone jail, was buUt in the year 1818. 
 
 ' ' The lot upon which the court-house was erected was given to the county 
 by Col. Benjamin Chambers, and the contract for building it was awarded to 
 his son, Capt. Benjamin Chambers, by whom the old stone jail was also raised. 
 The work on the court-house was done by Walter Beatty, a prominent builder 
 of that day. The court-house stood upon the site of the present handsome 
 building. It was a plain, old fashioned brick structure, decorated with a high 
 steeple, upon the top of which a gilded weather-cock indicated the direction 
 from which the wind blew. The floor of the court room was paved with 
 brick, it was warmed by two huge ten-plate stoves, into which a full length 
 cord stick of wood could easily be thrust. In one corner stood an old wooden 
 hydrant, the solitary visible memorial of the old water works. The bar for 
 the use of the attorneys was elevated some distance above the floor, and the 
 judges' seats were some two feet higher than the bar. These were situated on the 
 north side of the room. Along the front on Market Street, seats for the 
 audience were placed, also considerably elevated above the floor. The jury 
 rooms were on the second story of the building. 
 
 "The county offices were formerly in a long two-story brick building 
 adjoining the court-house on Market Street, and extending along that thorough- 
 fare nearly to the alley. For several years after the formation of Franklin 
 County, the several offices were tilled by a single incumbent, Edward Crawford, 
 Esq. 
 
 "As an indication of the extent of the population of Franklin County,, 
 eighty-seven years ago, we quote a letter from Mr. Crawford to Charles Biddle, 
 of Philadelphia, secretary of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. 
 It may also serve in some degree to determine the activity with which Cupid 
 conducted his amatory conquests at the same period: 
 
 "CHAMBEBSBURG, April 26th, 1790. 
 "Dear Sir: 
 
 "About one year ago, I received 13 blank Marriage Licenses, whicli are all disposed 
 of and accounted for by me. except one. The bearer hereof, Mr. John Colhoon, Mer- 
 chant, will remain in Town a few days. Please be so obliging as to forward to me, by 
 him, about the same number for the ensuing year. Mr. Colhoon will lodge at the Harp 
 and Crown. 
 
 "And I am, dear Sir, Your obedient, 
 
 "And very humble Servant, 
 
 " Edw. Crawford. 
 
460 HISTOBY OP FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ' ' The first house east of the coimty offices building was the one built by 
 Andrew Dunlop, Esq. , and stood on the ground upon which the law office of 
 Messrs. Brewer & Gehr now stands. A short distance above the old jail, on 
 the corner of the alley, was the stone house owned by a Mr. Swain, a hatter. 
 This house was rough-cast and modernized, and became the hospitable home 
 of the late lamented Benjamin S. Schneck, D. D. On the opposite side of the 
 street were a few small, weather- boarded houses, which were not removed 
 until a few years ago. At a somewhat later period than that of which we are 
 speaking, Jeremiah Mahoney kept a tavern in a small, two-story log house, 
 known as the ' Light House, ' which stood on the spot now adorned by the hand- 
 some residence of William McLellan, Esq. This locality was then a high hill, 
 unenclosed by a fence, and known as ' The Common, ' and was the usual play- 
 ground for the boys of the neighboring academy. Whilst excavating the hill 
 for the track of the Franklin Railroad, in 1837, a huge limestone rock fell 
 upon the roof of the old building and crushed its way to the cellar, so com- 
 pletely demolishing it as to render its repair impracticable. Around the out- 
 skirts of the town the only buUding of stone or brick which could be found in 
 1791 was the brick house on the corner of Washington and Water Streets, built 
 a year or two previously by a shoemaker named Frederick Blecker. The land 
 about the eastern point originally belonged to the plantation of Joseph Cham- 
 bers, who lived in the stone house on the farm known as McKnight's, thus 
 designated from its owner, the Eev. John McKnight, one of the pastors of 
 Rocky Spring Church. This locality possesses a mournful interest to the older 
 citizens of the town, as being the residence of Joseph Pritts, Esq., the bril- 
 liant editor of the Whig, and at a later date, of the Repository and Whig, and 
 the compiler of Border Life. Here his useful life was closed. Edward Craw- 
 ford purchased this land from Mr. Chambers, and divided it into town lots. 
 The land around the northern point also originally belonged to Mr. Chambers, 
 and was part of the same tract. It was purchased from Mr. Chambers by 
 Thomas Hartley, Esq. , a gentleman from York County, by whom it was divided 
 into building lots. The extreme end of the point was purchased by the Stit- 
 tinger family, by whom several small houses were built. The rough-cast 
 building, at its extremity, was used as a tavern for considerably more than 
 half a century. The crossing on the creek, near Heyser's paper mill, at the 
 point now spanned by the handsome iron bridge, was called the "Upper Ford- 
 ing, to distinguish it from the Lower Fording, near the old edge-tool factory, 
 to which allusion has already been made. 
 
 "At the beginning of the present century, the whole town presented a rough 
 and unpleasant appearance. The streets were neither graded nor paved; and, 
 in wet weather, the mud was so deep as to render them nearly impassable. 
 Old residents used to say that it was no unusual sight to see a wagon stopped 
 in the Diamond and along Main Street, and so deeply embedded in the mud, 
 as to render it impossible for the horses to withdraw it. 
 
 " Each citizen was expected to make such pavement in front of his dwelling 
 or store as suited his taste and convenience; and, in many cases, no pavements 
 of any description were laid. Brick walks were not yet introduced. Along 
 Mam Street, between the Diamond and Queen Street, a considerable hollow 
 e.xtended, which, in wet weather, was little better than a vast mud hole. The 
 houses standing along this section of the street were much higher than their 
 present level and were reached by a flight of four or five steps. It has been 
 filled up to the height of several feet. A high elevation existed in the Dia- 
 mond which was leveled when the streets were first graded. Queen Street, 
 near Second, has been dag down |-,o the depth of seven or eight feet. Between 
 
BOKOUGH OF OHAMBEESBUEG. 461 
 
 the railroad and Second Street, the descent was quite steep and not entirely 
 free from danger. For many years after the settlement of the town, this por- 
 tion of it was not improved, and served as a grazing ground for herds of sheep 
 and cattle which roamed over the neighborhood. When Chambersburg was 
 laid out, in 1764, it was the original design of its inhabitants to make Second 
 Street the principal business street of the town, on which its future public 
 buildings shotlld be erected. This design was, however, frustrated, through 
 the united efPorts of a number of rich and influential gentlemen who had pur- 
 chased lots, and built houses on them, around the Public Square. This street, 
 like Main Street, which lies parallel with it, runs nearly due north and south, 
 while Market Street, which crosses it at right angles, runs nearly east and 
 west." 
 
 On the 8th of September, 1781, Col. Benjamin Chambers, had, for the 
 sum of £3, lawful money, deeded to his son. Col. James Chambers, a tract of 
 220 acres lying near Chambersburg, in Guilford Township. On this tract, Col. 
 James laid out a suburban town, which was known as " Chamber stown," and is so 
 spoken of in the records to distinguish it from the principal town of Chambers- 
 burg. It lay, as Mr. George S. Kyle has discovered by careful searching, in 
 the southwest part of what is now Chambersburg, being bounded on the north 
 by German Street, east and west by the borough lines of Chambersburg and 
 south by St. Johnstown, commonly nicknamed Kerrstown. 
 
 Becoming financially embarrassed, Col. James and his wife, Catherine,'*dis- 
 posed of the original tract to Andrew Dunlop, the consideration being ' ' divers 
 good causes and considerations, them moving." This transfer occurred Sep- 
 tember 29, 1786. On the 5th of June, 1797, Andrew Dunlop and his wife, 
 Sarah Bella, for the sum of £2,800, transferred 130 acres of this tract, to- 
 gether with the quit rents on lots sold by James Chambers and themselves, to 
 Col. Benjamin Chambers, younger brother of James. What became of the 
 ninety acres is not stated; but they were probably the town site. 
 
 What is currently known as Kerrstown, was laid out by John Kerr, and 
 by him called St, Johnstown. Town plats not being recorded, its limits were 
 not ascertained. 
 
 As an indication of the price of town lots in Chambersburg one hundred 
 years ago, it may be said that, on July 12, 1777, Benjamin Chambers and 
 Jane, his wife, of the Township of Guilford, and county of Cumberland, con- 
 veyed to Nicholas Snyder the lot on which the National Hotel now stands, for 
 the sum of £1 10s., Pennsylvania currency, equal in value to $4 of the cur- 
 rency of the present day, on condition that the purchaser should, within two 
 years, build a good, substantial dwelling house on said lot, at least sixteen 
 feet square, with a chimney of brick or stone, and pay forever thereafter, on 
 the 28th day of June in each and every year, an annual quit rent of 15 shil 
 lings, to the said Benjamin Chambers, his heirs or assigns. Other lots 
 brought corresponding prices. 
 
 In an article published by Hon. Henry Euby in the Shippensburg News of 
 November 27, 1875, under the head of "Chambersburg Sixty Years Ago," he 
 .says: 
 
 "Franklin County was organized September 9, 1784. Chambersburg, 
 now the county seat, was founded in 1764. The first settlers in this new 
 county were the Chambers family, who occupied a small cabin near where 
 Falling Spring empties into the Conooocheague Creek. Unlike many of the 
 -old pioneers, this family was noted for its hospitality and kindness, and was 
 always among the first to extend a hearty welcome to new comers as they ar- 
 rived to settle down, ready to fac9 the dangers, trials and hardships incident 
 
462 HISTOEY OP FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 to all new settlements, as civilization extended her borders westward, where 
 the usual comforts and necessaries of life are not found, and, if wanted, 
 could not be procured without great expense and difficulties in transportation. 
 
 "We were told by an old lady (the mother of an extensive family in Cham - 
 bersburg) some years ago, that when she and her husband arrived, which was 
 about 1785, they were immediately called on by Mrs. and Mr. Chambers, and 
 heartily welcomed to their new home, with a pressing invitation to call and 
 see them. A short time afterward they availed themselves of the invitation, 
 and found the latch string of the door hanging out and the family snugly 
 housed in their new cabin, with a board floor, a comfort which but few of the 
 houses at that time had. The very kindly manner in which they were re- 
 ceived had quite an encouraging influence, and it made them feel that, although 
 among a strange people and in a new and wild country, they were among 
 friends and protectors, which inspired them with fresh zeal in their newly 
 adopted home. 
 
 ' ' One can form some little idea of the wild state of the country when Cham- 
 bersburg was first settled, from the fact that, about 1785, immediately back 
 from Radebaugh' s tavern stand, it was a wild wilderness so thickly overgrown 
 that it was not safe for any one unacquainted to enter into it any distance, for 
 fear of being lost. It was no uncommon thing to hear wolves near the town 
 howl. This we have from one of the early settlers. ' ' 
 
 In the paper from which we took the foregoing extract, Mr. Ruby gives a 
 list of the leading business men of the olden time. It does not pretend to be 
 exhaustive, but serves its purpose in perpetuating the names and memories of 
 the first inhabitants, one object had in view in this compilation. 
 
 Benjamin Chambers; Joseph Chambers; - — ■ — ^ Snyder; Stephen Rigler, 
 innkeeper; John Noel, Sr., fuller; Dr. Abraham Senseny, Sr. ; Frederick 
 Roemer, innkeeper; Samuel Radebaugh, Sr., merchant; Daniel Reisher, Sr. ; 
 George Stech, innkeeper; — - — - Hoffman, merchant; Patrick Campbell, mer- 
 chant; Grodfrey Greenawalt, Sr., butcher; Edward Crawford, prothonotary ; 
 Samuel Purvines, paper-maker; Samuel Colhoun, merchant; John Shryock, 
 book merchant; Thomas Johns, hardware store; Jacob Heyser, Sr. , copper- 
 smith; Christian Wolff, saddler; Jacob Brazer, saddler; Jacob Snyder, sher- 
 iff; Jeremiah Snyder, innkeeper; Dr. Lane; Henry Reges, scrivener; D. Com- 
 fort, basket-maker; Samuel Riddle, attorney; John Riddle, teacher; James 
 Cooper, cabinet-maker; Samuel Blood, teacher; James Warden, shoe- maker; 
 John Gross, Sr. , shoe-maker; Samuel HoUiday, justice of the peace; Dr. John 
 
 McDowell; Dr. John Sloan; Seibert, Sr. ; William Seibert, carpenter; 
 
 Samuel Seibert, carpenter; John Seibert, merchant; Wesley Seibert; Peter 
 Cook, butcher; Samuel Cook, butcher; George Cook, butcher; John Shull, 
 rope-maker; Solomon Patterson, justice of the peace; John Welsh, sheriff; 
 John Campbell, innkeeper; Leven Murphy, blacksmith; John Oaks, windmill - 
 maker: David Oaks, judge; G. Hummelshine, laborer; Owens, carpen- 
 ter; L. Denig, Sr., druggist; L. Denig, Jr., druggist; Hugh Greenfield, 
 sheriff; John Greenfield, nail-maker; Jacob Wilt, blacksmith; Joseph Hous- 
 um, shoe maker; J. Switzer, gunsmith; Jacob Oyster, tanner; Peter Oyster, 
 saddler; Peter Minnich, tanner; Christian Flack, tanner; James Findlay, tan- 
 ner; Owen Aston; Col. Young, farmer; Fridinger, sexton; Peter Gloss- 
 
 brenner, tailor; Alexander Scott, watch-maker; Brown, attorney; 
 
 Gibbons, Sr., blacksmith; Charles Gibbons; Klunk, potter; Rev. B. S. 
 
 Schneck; Reade Washington, attorney; Rev. McKnight; George Albright, 
 
 miller; Thomas Lindsay, mail-carrier;' Nitterhouse, Sr.; Philip Nitter- 
 
 house, carpenter; John Nitterhouse, carpenter; J. Mohler, farmer; Judge J. 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBEESBURG. 463 
 
 Nill; John Dietz, book-binder; Coover, wagon-maker; Capt. James 
 
 Calhoun; Capt. John McClintick; Charles Young, watch-maker; George 
 Shillito, weaver; Hugh McNulty, hatter; Daniel Smith, tobacconist; George 
 
 K. Harper, printer; John Eothboust, music teacher; M. Trout, Sr. ; 
 
 Merkell, sheriff; Jacob "Whitmore, merchant; John Hershberger, printer; 
 Jacob Spahr; Philip Berlin, wagon-maker; Jacob Dechert, hatter; David 
 Snyder, merchant; Jacob Spangler, blacksmith; Daniel Spangler, cashier of 
 the Chambersburg bank; Capt. Allison, court -crier; John Stephenson, Jr., 
 tailor; John Kelly, fuller; Blecher, shoe-maker; Matthew Wilson, mer- 
 chant; Wilson, hardware merchant; Judge Eiddle; Samuel Cooper, cabi- 
 net-maker; Eev. D. Denny; Rev. James Hoffman; Rev. Trederick Moeller; 
 Dr. Samuel Culbertson; Joseph Culbertson, innkeeper; Thomas H. Crawford, 
 attorney; Ludwig Heck,, carpenter; John Durborrow, carpenter; John Fa- 
 vorite, wagon-maker; Jacob Jarrett, carpenter; P. W. Schoepflin, printer; 
 Frederick Miller, tinner; Rudolph Harley, teacher; James Wright, hatter; 
 Thomas Wright, book-binder; William Nixon, chair-maker; Thomas McCulloh, 
 attorney; George Barnitz, brewer; Kirby, Sr., teacher; Davis, sur- 
 veyor; H. Markline, engraver. Charles Markline, printer; Jacob Flinder, 
 
 locksmith; John King, ironmaster; Paul Hoeflich, barber; Brand, Sr., 
 
 blacksmith; Samuel Brand, blacksmith; Robert Peebles, innkeeper; Jacob 
 Soasy, jailer; George Brown, carpenter; Jacob Brown, carpenter; Martin 
 
 Brown, carpenter; John Brown, postmaster; Coffee, innkeeper; John 
 
 Shortz, saddletree-maker; Maneris, laborer; Jacob Hart, potter; John 
 
 Measy, shoe-maker; Barnard Wolff, saddler; John Henneberger, tailor; 
 
 Suesserott, watch-maker; Fred Schneider, hardware store; James McFarland, 
 merchant; David Washabaugh, sheriff; John McClay, sheriff; Frederick 
 Stump, grocer; Frederick Smith, attorney; Dr. Jeremiah Senseny; William 
 Heyser, paper-maker; John McGeehan, merchant; Thomas Early, sheriff; 
 Silas Harry, bridge-builder; Thomas Plummer; Jacob Bickley, tailor; John 
 McClintick, hatter; George Flory, cabinet-maker; John Smith, merchant; 
 
 Henry Smith, teacher; John Noel, Sr. ; McLaughlin, teacher; 
 
 Stupel, watchman; John Sloan, printer; George Mason, innkeeper; Frederick 
 Hoffman, farmer; Daniel Dechert, hatter; Richard Morrow, clerk of court; 
 John Flanagan, prothonotary; Joseph Pritts, printer; Rev. H. L. Rice; An- 
 drew Colhoun, bank officer; Madeira; George Chambers, attorney; Jo- 
 seph Chambers, attorney; James Dunlap, attorney; Robert M. Bard, attorney; 
 James Riddle, attorney; Jacob Heck, merchant; Benjamin Fahnestock, drug- 
 gist; Benjamin Fahnestock, merchant; Henry Heckerman, shoe-maker; Col. 
 
 Marphy; Monroe; Biddle, vendue-crier; Schaffer. distiller; 
 
 Peter MoGaffigan, turnpiker; John Hughes, turnpiker; Henry Trayer, brewer; 
 
 Little; Pedigrew; John Stewart, weaver; John Bert, sexton; George 
 
 Heck, tinner; Judge Thompson; Matthias Nead, phothonotary ; John Burk- 
 holder, blacksmith; Peter Eberly, farmer; Henry Hatnick, printer; John 
 Strealy, printer; Holmes Crawford, treasurer of the Saving Fund; John F. 
 Denny, attorney; Jasper Brady, attorney; William Gillaspy, wagon-maker; 
 
 Henry Byerly; Jacob Heagy, tanner; Faber, card-maker; George Grice, 
 
 plasterer; Pierce, carpenter; Richard Burden, farmer; Fetter, car- 
 penter; Warden, cotton factory where now part of the woolen-mill stands; 
 
 Jamison, tanner; Stumm, tanner; Denny Stephenson ; Jacob Grove, 
 
 blacksmith; William Grove, wagon-maker; Rev. Litchey; John Stephenson, 
 tailor; William Ferry, auger-maker; George S. Eyster, merchant; Dr. Sam- 
 uel Fahnestock. 
 
 The pooling of interests is not wholly a modern practice. Seventy years ago. 
 
464 
 
 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUKTY. 
 
 as will be seen from the following pronunciamento, the borough of Chambers- 
 burg was threatened with a dearth of fuel by the combination of its bucolic 
 neighbors. Observe that its significance is intensified by the date of its issue: 
 
 Notice. 
 
 We, the subscribers, in order to regulate the price of lire wood, have unanimously 
 agreed to the following resolutions: . , „ j i, . . i « 
 
 "" 1 We will not sell hickory wood for less than six dollars per cord; chestnut oak five 
 dollars and fifty cents, and all other wood five dollars per cord. . ^ , n. 
 
 3 If anv of us after the first of August next sell any wood in the borough of Cham- 
 bersburg for less than the prices above mentioned, he shall forfeit and pay a fine of five- 
 dollars, the informer to have the fine. „ , , . ^ . . v, 
 
 3 We wish to Inform the town council of Chambersburg that we are not to be 
 detained from morning to evening, for nothing, by his honor their wood corder, except 
 they wish to be more sensible of the effects of cold weather than they have been hereto- 
 fore. 
 
 July 4, 1817, Indepbndbncb. 
 Christian Keefer, George Hoffman, 
 
 Benj. Keefer. 
 Casper Lingel, 
 Robt. Anderson, Jr. 
 John Bbersole, 
 John Gilliland, 
 Christian Foltz, 
 Michael Doyle, 
 John Bowers, 
 Michael Winger, 
 Abraham Winger, 
 Peter Drushel. 
 Samuel Leman, 
 Abraham Eagle, 
 Peter Eagle, 
 Wm. Haiper, 
 Jacob Hosleder, 
 Patrick Rady, 
 
 Martin Gross, 
 John Gross, 
 John Huston, 
 Moses Besore, 
 Peter Besore, 
 Adam Harmony, 
 George Harmony, 
 John Harmony, 
 John Locher, 
 Andrew Bard, 
 Frederick Roemer, 
 James Boyd, 
 Abraham Huber, 
 Jacob Rod, 
 George Beshore, 
 Samuel Huber, 
 George Keisel, 
 
 George Crider, 
 Wm.Bard, 
 Abr. HoUinger, 
 John Stands, 
 Peter Harman, 
 Frederick Roemer, 
 David Kraft, 
 David Kraft, Jr., 
 John Kraft, 
 Jacob Ebersole, 
 John Stacher, 
 Frederick Karper, 
 Joseph Winger, 
 Henry Krider, 
 Archibald Gabby, 
 Robert McConnell, 
 Abraham Keefer, 
 John Brake, 
 
 John Walgamote, 
 Jacob Foerney, 
 John Eshway, 
 John Kessel, 
 Frederick Dech, 
 Sam. Goldsmith, 
 John Straley, 
 Jacob McFerran, 
 John Burkholder, 
 John Tholl, 
 Frederick Shark, 
 Christian Plough, 
 Jacob Burkholder, 
 John Spracher, 
 John Huber, 
 Michael Hackman, 
 Jacob Hollinger. 
 
 INCOEPOKATION. 
 
 By an act of the General Assembly of the State, dated 21st of March, 1803, 
 the town of Chambersburg was incorporated into a borough. Its first election 
 under this act is thus recorded: 
 
 At an election held at the Court House in the Borough of Chambersburg on the Sec- 
 ond day of May Eighteen hundred and three, the Following Gentlemen were duly Elec- 
 ted. For Chief Burgess, Major John Holliday had ninety-two votes— and for the Town 
 Council Edward Crawford Esq. had ninety-four votes — Andrew Dunlap had ninety-four 
 votes — and Christian Oister had ninety-three votes — John Shryock had eighty-seven votes 
 — and Patrick Campbell had fifty-seven votes, whereupon the above Gentlemen were duly 
 elected, and Also George Strite for high Constable had seventy votes being duly Elected 
 given under our hands this second day of May 1803. 
 
 Adam Hailman, Pbtek DiifKLB, Jr, — Clerkn. 
 
 The above were the first town council and high constable regularly elected 
 under the act of incorporation. On March 7, 1840, the act was amended to 
 divide the borough into two wards, the North Ward and the South Ward, the 
 center of Queen Street being the dividing line. On the 9th of April, 1872, 
 the act was again amended to divide the borough into four wards — the First, 
 Second, Third and Fourth Wards. 
 
 A tax duplicate issued by the town council for the year 1803, based on a 
 population of 500, amounted to 1550. 97. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The citizens of the new borough, which was yet in its infancy, seem to 
 have felt the want of a secure place to deposit their surplus funds, and for the 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 4Pj5 
 
 convenience of transactions in business and exchange, for we find that, on the 
 sixth anniversary of its incorporation, the town council held a special meeting 
 for the purpose of supplying the want, and passed the following resolution: 
 
 Resoliied, That we, the Town Counsel, of the Borough of Cham'g, for the purpose met 
 do hereby upon due consideration invite the establishment of an office of discount and de- 
 posit in Uie said borough, by the directors of the bank of Pennsylvania or Philadelphia 
 or any other bank in the State which now has. or hereafter shall have, competent author- 
 ity so to do— ijromising said establishment as far as the influence of the corporation will 
 extend tneir aid and protection. 
 
 Enacted March 8th 1809. j. Hollidat, 
 
 . Samuel Dkyden, 
 
 nBNRT KEGBS, JeBEMIAH SnYDER, 
 
 '''^'*- Christian Grove, 
 
 Gounacl. 
 
 As a result of this action of the town council we find a banking association 
 organized on the 4th day of September, 1809, with a capital of $250,000, of 
 which Edward Crawford was president, and Alex. Calhoun was cashier. Its 
 banking rooms were in the building on the corner of the public square, now 
 occupied by the Franklin County Bank. On the 13th of May, 1814, it was in- 
 corporated as a State bank. In 1828 a bui-glar succeeded in breaking into it, 
 but obtained nothing but some counterfeit money, which the officers of the bank 
 had collected together in a drawer. He was arrested the day following, and 
 upon trial was convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary for three years, but 
 was pardoned after serving one year. Finding the old building insecure, the 
 directors purchased the lot now occupied by the present bank, and erected the 
 handsome building which was long one of the ornaments of the town, until 
 destroyed by the rebels in 1864. On November 17, 1864, it was changed from 
 a State to a national bank, with the capital increased to $260,000, and, in the 
 same year, they removed to their present beautiful building, having in the 
 meantime occupied the first floor of the Masonic Hall, on Second Street. In 
 March, 1875, an effort was made to rob the bank by Charles Claremont, alias 
 Maj. Ealph Rolland, and an accomplice named B. Johnston, alias A. B. Wicks, 
 of Chicago. They succeeded in gaining an entrance through the private part 
 of the building, on pretense of business; attacked Mr. G. E. Messersmith, the 
 cashier, in his private office, and succeeded in securing a package of money 
 contaiaing 130,000. The resistance of the cashier raised an alarm, and the 
 robbers fled, but only one was then captured — Rolland, who had the package 
 of money, at the back door of the dwelling — , and Johnston, who made his escape, 
 was arrested at Mercersburg the following day. They were tried, convicted and 
 sentenced to the penitentiary for a term of ten years each. The present officers 
 of the bank are W. L. Chambers, president; and John Mcllvaine, cashier. 
 
 The Franklin County Bank was established as an office of discount and de- 
 posit in 1865, by Col. J. C. Austin and Col. James G. Elder. Shortly after, 
 Scott Fletcher, Esq., was taken in as a partner, and the business of the firm 
 was conducted under the title of Austin, Elder & Fletcher, until March, 1870, 
 when they were succeeded by Hon. Chambers McKibbin and Charles H. Tay- 
 lor, when it was organized into a banking institution, with Mr. McKibbin as 
 president, and C. H. Taylor as cashier. Wm. McLellan, W. L. Chambers, 
 T. B. Kennedy and John Stewart were subsequently added to thei firm. In 
 1878 this corporation suspended payment, and asked the court for a receiver to 
 wind up its affairs. The depositors were all paid in full. 
 
 In 1880, Jno. R. Orr purchased from the receiver the old Franklin County 
 banking building, and on the 1st of April, of the same year, opened a banking 
 house, under name of Chambersburg Deposit Bank, Jno. R. Orr & Co. being the 
 
466 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 proprietors. There have been some changes in the name of the firm at differ- 
 ent times. At present the proprietors of the establishment are Orr, Camp & 
 Co. From 1880 to the present the establishment has done business as The 
 Chambersburg Deposit Bank, Jno. R. Orr, the senior member of the firm, 
 having been connected with the institution since its establishment in 1880. Mr. 
 Camp entered the establishment as a clerk at the same time, and had been em- 
 ployed as one of its trusted clerks until May, 1886, when he became a member 
 of the firm. 
 
 FIRST MAKKET-H0USE8. 
 
 As the population of the town increased, a market-house was deemed neces- 
 sary for its convenience. A long, low brick house, with a single story and 
 comb roof, was accordingly built. The roof was supported by brick pillars, 
 which left its sides and both ends partly open. Its floor was of brick, and it 
 was in many respects well adapted to its use. It stood in the diamond, oppo- 
 site the Eepository Hall, and was not taken away until two or three years after 
 the erection of the new building on the corner of Queen and Second Streets, in 
 1830. 
 
 One of the old customs of a former day, which has forever passed away, was 
 the holding of annual fairs in the old market -house. In the early summer and 
 in the fall the people were accustomed to prepare various articles for ornament 
 and use, in endless variety, which were then offered for sale in the old building. 
 The town was alive with people from all sections, and huge quantities of sweet- 
 meats, small beer and ginger bread were consumed. Truth compels the addi- 
 tional remark, that a more potent beverage than small beer and mead was like- 
 wise in great demand. The lads and lasses enjoyed a grand gala day, whose 
 facilities for love-making did not pass unimproved. The taverns were filled to 
 their utmost capacity, and the houses of the citizens were also freely opened to 
 their country friends. Dancing at the taverns was the most popular pastime, 
 and the young people engaged in it with untiring zeal, the fiddlers of the town 
 meanwhile reaping a rich harvest of ' ' fips ' ' and ' ' levies ' ' for their ceaseless 
 services on these lively occasions. These fairs were the means of bringing the 
 people of the county together, enabling them to enlarge the circle of their ac- 
 quaintance, and spend a season of festive enjoyment with each other. That 
 they were a more substantial benefit to the merchants and shop-keepers of the 
 town, is a proposition not likely to be controverted. These annual festivities 
 generally embraced a period of three days, and were abandoned about fifty 
 years ago.' 
 
 The old market-house was a common place of resort for the boys of the 
 town, and many expeditions for the robbing of hen-roosts and the pillaging of 
 orchards, as well as for less objectionable purposes, had their inception and 
 the completion of their details effected in this popular trysting-place of a past 
 generation. 
 
 A clause of the act of incorporation of the borough of Chambersburg, dated 
 21st of March, 1803, provides, that "Until it shall be otherwise directed by law, 
 the inhabitants of said borough may hold two fairs every year hereafter, to 
 continue two days each, commencing on the first Thursday in June, and upon 
 the first Thursday in October." 
 
 PRESENT MAEKET-HOtrSE. 
 
 At a meeting of the town council, held on April 19, 1830, the following 
 resolution was unanimously passed: 
 
 Resolted, by the Town Council of the Borough of Chambersburg, that the lot at the 
 south-east corner of Queen and Second Streets, in said Borough, be purchased for the site 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 469 
 
 of a Market House and Town Hall, and that a note for six hundred and thirty-three dol- 
 lars be given lo Andrew Hemphill, the owner of said lot, payable on the first day of April 
 one thousand eight hundred and forty, with interest from the date— the interest to l)e paid 
 Bemi-annually, the Town Council having the privilege of paying any portion of the prin- 
 cipal at any period before it becomes due. Under the corporate seal of siiid Borough. 
 
 John Kadebaugh, 
 Attest: Alexander Flack, 
 
 John Calhoun, Rbade VVashinqton, 
 
 Town Clerk. James Wright. 
 
 The above named property, on which the present market-house stands, was 
 deeded to the burgess and town council of the borough of Chambersburg, 
 on the 3d day of May, 1830, by Rev. Andrew Hemphill and Ruth his wife,' 
 for the sum of $633. The deed to be null and void and all moneys paid by 
 the burgess and town council to be refunded, the property to revert to the 
 Rev. Mr. Hemphill, if a market house was not erected before the first day of 
 April, 1833. The contract for the erection of the market-house was given to 
 Jacob Zettle and Henry Winemiller, May 11, 1830. On September 6. 
 Jacob Zettle threw up his portion of the contract, and Henry Winemiller 
 undertook the erection of the entire building, John Radebaugh and Martin B. 
 "Wingert being his sureties for the faithful performance of the contract. 
 
 The first meat was sold in the market-house in March, 1831, and was 
 hauled there on a wheelbarrow by John Tritle, Esq. , from the butcher shop 
 of John Reed. The steer was purchased from Jacob Heyser, then residing on 
 his farm, two miles south of town. When being driven to town, and within 
 sight of the shop, the steer became frightened and broke away from his 
 drivers, who succeeded in heading him only when he had run as far as the site 
 of the powder magazine of Brand, Speer & Co. But he was not even then 
 ready to be captured, and upsetting horse and rider by a toss of his horns, he 
 crossed the creek and made for the hills, and was finally shot in the draft 
 above Sulphur Springs. 
 
 This building stood as erected by Mr. Winemiller, until the year 1874, when 
 it was altered to its present convenient condition at a cost of |4,000 by the 
 burgess and town council, consisting of the following named gentlemen; Bur- 
 gess, John Dcebler: Councilmen, W. B. Gilmore, J. B. Miller, S. M. Worley, 
 J. P. Culbertson, Dr. J. L. Suesserott, J. C. Gerbig, Thos. Cook and Daniel 
 Harmony. As a result, there is to-day one of the most comfortable and con- 
 venient buildings for the purpose to be found outside of the larger cities, 
 bringing into the borough treasury about |1,200 per annum from stall rents 
 aad licenses. 
 
 On the 16th day of March, 1831, the burgess and council entered into an 
 ■article of agreement, with Frederick and George J. Heisly, of Harrisburg, in 
 which the Messrs. Heisly " agree to furnish a Town Clock in the cupola of the 
 Market House, the great wheels of which shall not be less than sixteen inches 
 in diameter, the clock to be made of the best materials, with maintaining 
 power, with four faces, with hour and minute hands — the conductors of the 
 hands to be fixed with universal joints — the whole to be made and finished in 
 a workmanlike manner. * * * In consideration of which the said Burgess 
 and Town Council agree to pay to the said Geo. and Fred. Heisly, the sum 
 of $375, on the day on which they shall put up the clock, and the further 
 sum of 1375 one year thereafter — that they will pay the expenses of bringing 
 the clock from Harrisburg to Chambersburg, and that they will pay the ex- 
 pense of boarding two hands to the said Geo. and Frederick, while they shall 
 be engaged in putting up the said clock. ' ' 
 
 25 
 
470 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 WATER-WORKS. 
 
 One of the first wants felt by the town after it had assumed the dignity- 
 of a corporate borongh, was an abundant supply of good water. In 1818 a. 
 company was formed under the title of the Chambersburg Water Company, 
 which erected water-works about one-half mile east of the town, the reservoir, 
 or cistern, being located on the site of the present residence of Samuel Myers, 
 Esq., and the force pump at the nearest point on the Falling Spring. The water 
 was conveyed from the pump to the reservoir, and from thence to town in 
 wooden pipes, which must very soon have proven their unfitness, for we have a list 
 of thirty-seven subscribers, representing fifty-six and one-half shares of stock, 
 agreeing to give $12. 50 for each half share subscribed by them "it being expressly 
 stipulated by the managers that the sums raised by this subscription shaU be 
 applied to, and for no other purpose than to procure cast-iron pipes to convey 
 the water from the force pump to the cistern. " " On the 21st of March, 1818, 
 Philip Seibert and Son agree to build the house over the reservoir, according 
 to the old bill of rates, from which they are to throw off eight per cent and are 
 to take one other share of water stock in addition to the seven shares which they 
 have already subscribed for, and are not to demand any money until it be 
 ascertained that the completion of the work shall exceed 1200. " On the 30th 
 of January, 1819, at a meeting of the town council, it was ' ' Resolved, that 
 the corporation enter into an article of agreement with the Chambersburg Water 
 Company to pay them $100 per annum, payable semi-annually, from 1st of 
 July, 1819, in consideration of said company putting up and keeping in repair 
 eight fire plugs, as agreed upon ; and if any others shall be deemed necessary 
 that they will put them also up and keep in repair at the same proportion and 
 on the same terms. " The article of agreement is dated January 30, 1819, 
 and is signed by Patrick Campbell, burgess of the borough of Chambersburg, 
 and James Riddle, president of the Chambersburg Water Company. The 
 signatures are witnessed by M. St. Clair Clarke, and a copy of the article is 
 recorded in the minute book of the town council by Henry Eeges, clerk. On 
 the 1st of September, 1820, there were fifty-five consumers. These works 
 lasted but a few years — the records stop at 1823 — when they were discontinued, 
 and the town had no regular supply of water, other than from wells and 
 cisterns, until 1875, when the town council of the borough erected the present 
 water-works, which have been a decided success from the first day they have 
 been operated. They were erected by H. P. M. Birkinbine, contractor, of 
 Philadelphia, for the sum of $55,000. The reservoir is situated on Federal 
 Hill, a short distance northwest of the borough, and has a capacity of 
 1,200,000 gallons of water. The engine and pump are at the base of the hill 
 on the west bank of the Conococheague Creek, opposite Heyser's straw board 
 mill, and have a capacity for pumping 35,000 gallons of water per hour. The 
 water can be forced through the pipe to town, by either direct pressure from 
 the engine and pumps, or through the reservoir, and is supplied to the con- 
 sumers through six and one-quarter miles of cast-iron main pipes of the best 
 quality. The present number of consumers is 270, and is rapidly increasing. 
 We take pleasure in recording the names of the burgess and town' council 
 through whose energy and perseverance the present complete system of 
 water- works was erected: Burgess, George W. Nitterhouse; town council, 
 W. B. Gilmore, J. B. Miller, Samuel M. Worley, J. P. Culbertson, John C. 
 Gerbig, Dr. J. L. Suesserott, Thomas Cook and Daniel Harmony. The first 
 superintendent for six years, was Wilber F. Eyster, who assisted in securing 
 them. A. C. McGrath was his successor, and is the present incumbent. 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 471 
 
 GAS-WOKKS. 
 
 The gas-works were erected in 1856 by a private company. They are' 
 located on the western banks of the Conococheague Creek, immediately opposite 
 the Baptist Church. They manufacture about 225,000 feet of gas per month, 
 which is supplied to consumers through four miles of pipe. A. C. McGrath 
 is the superintendent. 
 
 FIHE DEPAKTMENT. 
 
 The fire department is one of the oldest and most perfect in the State. It 
 embraces the following organizations: 
 
 Junior Hose Company.— 'Regal&r meeting, first Monday evening of every 
 month, at 7:30 o'clock, in Junior Hall, North Second Street. James A. Ham- 
 ilton, secretary. 
 
 Vigilant Hook and Ladder Company. — Regular meetings, second and 
 fourth Tuesday evenings of each month, in Vigilant Hall, North Second 
 Street, at 8:30 o'clock. John C. Clark, secretary. 
 
 Hope Hose Company. — Meets on first Wednesday evening of each month, 
 la their hose house on West Market Street, at 7 o'clock. Charles Pahnestocl^ 
 president; A. C. McGrath, secretary. 
 
 Good Will Hose Company. — Eegular meeting at 7 o'clock on the first Mon- 
 day of the month, in their hall, on Catherine Street. Samuel Glass, secretary. 
 
 Friendship Steam Engine and Hose Company. — Regular meeting in Friend- 
 ship Hall, South Second Street. 
 
 Of several of these the following historic sketches were obtained: 
 
 Junior Hose Company was organized in 1869, through the efforts of 
 C. Henninger and Thos. Stumbaugh. It is well supplied with apparatus, 
 having been recently presented by the city council with a new jumper and 50(> 
 feet of gum hose, thus making it one of the best equipped companies in the- 
 State. 
 
 The officers of the company are president, J. H. Shafer; vice-president, 
 H. M. Eyster; recording secretary, J. A. Hamilton; assistant secretary, E. J. 
 Hart; financial secretary, H. M. Miley; chief director and treasurer, Clay 
 Henninger; assistant director, W. C. Hull; captain, G. W. Pensinger; board; 
 of trustees, H. M. Shirey, G. W. Pensinger, and A. L. Shafer. 
 
 The present membership is 54. 
 
 Hope Hose Company. — From the best information we can get, the Hope- 
 Hose Company is the descendant of the first fire company in Chambersburg, 
 and in reality is No. 1 instead of No. 4, as at present. The company 
 had two names prior to 1830, when it was located at the corner of the alley 
 on Market Street, in the rear of the court-house. About 1830 the name was 
 changed again to " Northern. " In 1856 it was reorganized and known as the 
 " Hope. " The apparatus consisted of a suction engine; a suction, and a hose 
 reel. In a contest this engine threw 210 feet, which was considered a big thing in 
 those days. Prom 1856 to the breaking out of the war the membership num- 
 bered about seventy-five, and much interest was manifested, more so, really, than 
 nowadays. The house was roomy and comfortable, and on cold winter nights 
 when the wind was blowing ' ' great guns ' ' there was always enough of the 
 boys quartered in the house to insure a lively getting there in case of an 
 alarm. Something like forty of the members enlisted at the first call for 
 troops, and the old Hope Company was represented in the army by every 
 rank, from brigadier-general to private, and many of them till soldiers' graves 
 to-day. In the big fire of July 30, 1864, the engine house, apparatus and 
 all the property of the company were destroyed, nothing; being, saved but half a 
 
472 HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 dozen pictures, which now hang in the meeting room of the hose house. In 
 consequence of th'^ fire, and the absence of so many members in the army, the 
 company nearly went out of existence, but in 1886, through the influence of 
 some of the old members, the town council purchased a second-hand engme 
 and hosp carriao-e, and provided quarters for them in a room in the eastern 
 end of the market-house, which had been fitted up for the Protection Hook 
 and Ladder Company, this company having disbanded. The meeting room 
 was the one now used by the council, second floor of the market-house. 
 The commissioners refused to allow the house to be rebuilt at the former 
 location, although the members offered to do all the work free of charge. 
 As a majority of the members lived down town, it was a difficult matter 
 to (ret them to attend meetings in the market-house, though they always 
 responded incase of tire. Until 1877 fire matters were dead in the town. 
 About this time, owing to the introduction of water-works, the present 
 department was organized, and the Hope Company numbered 4, more 
 to correspond with the ward in which it is located than on acccount of its 
 ace. It has been in active service ever since, and now has a membership of 
 about fifty. The present officers are George L. Hoffman, president; Wm. 
 Houser, vice-president; John K. Berger, secretary; George Beitsch, treasurer; 
 B. F. Gilmore, chief director. 
 
 Good Will Hose Company, No. 3, of Chambersburg, was organized, 
 May 30, 1877. The list of charter members is as follows: John C. Gerbig, 
 B. L. Maurer, J. A. Peiffer, Adam Koch, Fred. Frey, Henry Fisher, D. B. 
 <Telwicks,A. Mills, Philip Bietsch, John Podschaver, J. C. Fisher, J. D. Rich- 
 ter, Peter Myers, Adam Lautenslager, William McKain, M. Humerhine, E. 
 Lautenslager, Geo. Hart, Geo. Jacoby. The first officers were president, 
 Adam Lautenslager; vice-president, S. E. Glass; secretary, B. L. Maurer; 
 treasurer, Adam Koch; directors, J. C. Fisher, J. D. Richter, Geo. Hart. 
 
 The new building, located on East Catharine Street, was dedicated with 
 much festivity, February 8, 1886, and is a handsome brick structure, well 
 adapted to its use. The interior is being fitted up with fine furniture and Brus- 
 sels carpet, and presents a neat and tasty appearance. 
 
 Following is a list of the present officers: President, Bruce M. Snyder; 
 vice-president, Danl. McLeisher; secretary, Wm. Shatzley; assistant secretary, 
 Fred Link; treasurer. Dr. J. J. Smith; chief director, Jacob Smith; assistant 
 directors, John DifFendall, Geo. Michels. The present membership is fifty-six. 
 Friendship Fire Company was organized in the year 1780, being one 
 of the earliest in Pennsylvania. The first organization was called the United 
 Fire Company, and was destitute of nearly every appliance. The fires were 
 extinguished by dashing the contents of small buckets upon the flames. No 
 engine was purchased until 1816, and then two little machines, small enough to 
 be carried upon a wheelbarrow, were obtained. 
 
 In 1838 the company was incorporated under the title of Friendship Fire 
 Company, and so great was the interest manifested in the cause, that the or- 
 ganization numbered 100 members. The first known election occurred June 
 18, 1843, with the following result: President, Samuel Seibert; vice-pres- 
 ident, J. M. Radebaugh; secretary, A. F. Armstrong; treasurer, H. B. 
 Davison; directors, Robt. Virl, J. H. McClintock, Lewis Heist, J. B.Wright, 
 J. T. Houser, Peter Deckert, Chas. Evans, G. A. Grove, G. W. Nitterhouse; 
 messenger, Maj. Hen. Greenawalt. 
 
 The service of the new company was extensive, and many a conflagi-ation has 
 been averted by the promptitude and valor of its members. 
 
 In April, 1869, the office of chief director was erected, and was first filled 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEHSBURG. 473 
 
 by Christian Frederick. Two years later a reorganization took place. There 
 had been 310 active members previous to this time, and it was thought best 
 to reduce the number. The company now took on new vigor, and soon ex- 
 tended its reputation for promptness and efficiency. 
 
 On the 13th of May, 1880, the centennial anniversary of the Friendship 
 Fire Company was celebrated, amid scenes seldom witnessed in the Cumber- 
 land valley. Fellow organizations, from all parts of the State, assembled to 
 aid in the demonstration. 
 
 The town was handsomely trimmed and decorated in honor of the occasion, 
 and all were determined to signalize the celebration. Gov. Hoyt was present, 
 and reviewed the assembled societies from a platform erected for the purpose. 
 A magnificent banquet was tendered the visitors in the evening, and an address, 
 of welcome was made by Hon. John Stewart, to which H. M. Kelly and Mayor 
 Paterson, of Harrisburg, responded in feeling tones. 
 
 The members of this organization take an honest pride in the respect sho^n 
 them by their appreciative fellow citizens, and by their many services they 
 have obtained the merited title of ' ' Old Reliables ; always ready. ' ' 
 
 MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 From a very early period of her history, Chambersbiirg has been noted for 
 the variety and extent of her manufactured articles. Thus, in the past, she 
 has had shops for the manufacture of buhr millstones, sickles, augurs, saws 
 and edge tools, wool hats and various other products. For several years a 
 powder-mill was in operation near the suburbs of the town. For a long series. 
 of years, she enjoyed an enviable reputation for the manufacture of various 
 kinds of edge tools. These were made at the Lemnos Factory, which was. 
 established in 1826 by Messrs. Shugart & Co. It was purchased by Dunlop &. 
 Madeira, and conducted by them for many years. It next became the prop- 
 erty of Messrs. Carlisle & Co. , and finally came into the possession of Messrs. 
 Huber & Co. In consequence of the multiplicity of similar establishments in 
 different parts of the country, the factory has been suspended. 
 
 Mills. — About the year 1 780, Dr. John Calhoon, son-in-law of Col. Ben 
 jamin Chambers, built at Chambersburg the first paper-mill that wfis estab- 
 lished in Pennsylvania, west of the Susquehanna River. This was a long, low. 
 weather-boarded building covered with red paint. It was situated precisely 
 where the woolen-mill now stands. It was removed in 1832 to make room for 
 the large mill erected on the same site in that year. In this old mill, paper was 
 manufactured from rags by the old hand process generally used before the- 
 introduction of modern machinery. Its production of printing paper was 
 large for that day, and had an extensive sale, being used by many newspapers 
 both East and West. Previous to the year 1790, the whole Western country, 
 as far as the State of Kentucky, was supplied with printing paper made at 
 Chambersburg. The Pittsburg Gazette, for many years after its foundation 
 in 1786, was printed on paper made at this mill, which was transported to the 
 office on pack-horses. 
 
 In the year 1808, Hollywell Paper Mill was built by John Shryock and 
 Thomas Johns. It soon became extensively engaged in the manufacture of 
 printing and various kinds of wrapping paper, as well as a very superior 
 variety for the printing of bank notes. Its products were sent to all parts of.' 
 the country, and the United States Government became its largest customer. 
 In 1827 George A. Shryock, son of one of the original proprietors, took pos- 
 session of the mill. While under his control, in it wei-e made the first boards 
 and paper which were ever manufactured from straw. 
 
-474 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Upon the completion of the large paper-mill built in 1832, by Messrs. S . 
 D. Culbertson, Eeade Washington, G. A. Shryook, and Alexander Calhoun, 
 the manufacture of straw boards and straw paper was discontinued at Holly- 
 well, audit was thoioughly refitted with new and improved machinery for the 
 production of the various kinds of paper made from rags. 
 
 In 1841 it was owned by Barnard Wolff, Philip Nitterhouse, Wm. Heyser, 
 and John Smith. This firm made an important change in the mill — taking 
 out the wet machine and putting in a 48-inch cylinder machine with steam 
 dryers, making the paper a continuous sheet and di-ying it as it was made. 
 In 1862 it came into the possession of Wm. Heyser, Jr. , and J. Allison 
 Eyster, who improved the capacity of the mill by putting in improved tur- 
 bine water wheels, erecting a separate building for the machinery, and gener- 
 ally refitting the mill. In 1872 it passed into the hands of Mr. Wm. Heyser, 
 who, finding cylinder made paper no longer salable, sold his cylinder 
 machine, purchased and put up a 02-inoh Fourdernier machine, enlarged the 
 machine house and increased the capacity of the mill On the 20th of March, 
 1877, the building was burned to the ground, and the entire contents destroy- 
 ed, or rendered useless. The present new mill with its improved machinery 
 and enlarged facilities was built by Wm. Heyser, in the fall of the same year. 
 
 In the northern end of the town, at what was called the Upper Fording, 
 on the Conococheague, as early as 1803, stood an old saw-mill. A/few years 
 after this date the saw-mill gave place to a stone grist-mill, known as Albright's 
 mill. This property was purchased by William Heyser and Philip Berlin, 
 afterward by William Heyser. In 1848 Jacob Heyser became the owner, 
 and in 1850 he and his father, Wm, Heyser, changed the grist-mill into a 
 straw-board mill, under the name of the Franklin Mill. It was burned down 
 in January, 185(3, but was promptly rebuilt and was in running order in July 
 of the same year. In 1857 the senior partner withdrew, leaving Mr. Jacob 
 Heyser sole proprietor. The business was continued by this gentleman until 
 1860, at which time it was sold to Mr. J. Allison Eyster. It remained in Mr. 
 Eyster' s possession until 1869, when it passed into the hands of Mr. Jacob 
 Heyser. In 1875 Mr. Thomas B. Kennedy became its owner. While owned 
 by Mr. Eyster, the mill was greatly enlarged, and its production of boards 
 xeached 6,000 pounds daily. It is now run by Mr. William L. Heyser, and is 
 •capable of prodiising 1, 000 tons of straw boards per annum. 
 
 The mill referred to above as having been built in 1832, by Messrs. G. A. 
 Shryoek & Co. , was justly entitled to the appellation of " Mammoth," by which 
 it was generally designated, its dimensions being 150x50 feet, five stories high, 
 and containing 102 miles of drying poles, seventeen large drying presses, and 
 every facility for the manufacture of paper boards and paper from straw. 
 This mill was cajmble of producing 1,000 pounds of boards per hour, and was 
 destroyed by McCausland's incendiaries when the town was burned in 1864. 
 It was never rebuilt, but its site was sold to a companv who erected a large 
 woolen mill on it in 1866. This establishment is known as the Commonwealth 
 Woolen Manufacturing Company. It emplf)ys eighty hands, and produces an- 
 nually 140,000 yards of three-quarter woolen goods. The average amount of 
 wages paid each year is |34, 000. 
 
 ^ A large flouring-mill, capable of grinding 300 bushels of grain every twenty- 
 tour hours, IS adjacent to the woolen-mill, and belongs to the same company. 
 
 1 he .steam flouring-mills, established in 1872, by Wunderlich, Nead&Co., 
 are now owned and managed by Mr. Christian Burkhart. They have a capacity 
 for grinding 900 bushels of grain every twenty four hours. " 
 
 A .steam saw and planing-mill and sash and door factory was established 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEE8BUKG. 475 
 
 in 1857, by Messrs. Henry Shepler and Joseph Clark. It is now owned by 
 Messrs. Shepler & Son, and employs an average number of twenty hands. 
 
 Other Industries. — The foundry and machine shop of T. B. Wood & Co. 
 was established, in 1840, by Messrs. Wm. Gilman and Charles EberJy. The 
 motive power for the machinery and for the blast of the foundry was furnished 
 by a single horse. The establishment passed through many hands until it 
 finally came into the possession of T. B. Wood. In 1872 he associated with 
 himself his son Mr. Goo. A. Wood and Mr. Levi D. Houser, the latter gentle- 
 man having been foreman of the establishment for fifteen years previous. In 
 1875 the old machine shop was torn down, and an entire new two-storied 
 brick building, 90x40 feet, was erected on its site. The establishment is now 
 one of the most complete in the Middle States, and ships work to the extreme 
 West and South. 
 
 The ■ furniture factory of Henry Sierer & Co. was established on 
 West Queen Street, in 1853, by Henry^Sierer, with steam motive power. 
 Finding the location and steam power too limited for his increasing trade, in 
 1858 he leased the water-power belonging to the property of Upton Wash- 
 abaugh, on West King Street, and erected extensive shops at that locality. He 
 also built large and commodious warerooms near the site of his former stand 
 on Queen Street. These rooms, containing a large stock of valuable furni 
 ture, were burned by the rebel force under McCausland, in 1864. They were 
 immediately rebuilt on a larger scale. The factory on King Street was de- 
 stroyed by fire in 1868. It was also rebuilt on a larger scale, with additional 
 improvements and conveniences to accommodate his large and growing 
 business. The lease of this water-power having expired in 1872, the firm, 
 now H. Sierer & Co. (Mr. Sierer having associated with him Mr. W. 
 H. Bricker) purchased the old Lemnos Edge Tool Works, with its fine water- 
 power. After rebuilding the dam, enlarging and remodeling the old build- 
 ings, and erecting the necessary new ones, they established what is possi- 
 bly the largest furniture factory in the Middle States, employing a large num- 
 ber of hands, and selling furniture through the States of New York, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Mai*yland, New Jersey, Virginia, North and South Carolina and the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, mention is briefly made of Wolf & Hammaker, 
 who for several years have been engaged in the building of machinery of various 
 kinds; D. F. Stager & Son, tanners and curriers; P. Nicklas & Bro., manu- 
 facturers of furniture; Craig & Nelson, planing mill, sash, doors, blinds, etc. 
 
 In 1882 was begun the establishment in the town of the large works known 
 as the Taylor Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of locomotive and sta- 
 tionary engines, machinery, saw-mills, mill gearing, and general machine 
 work. The site of the works embraces the grounds obtained from the last ag- 
 ricultural society of the county — some eight acres all told. Its organization 
 began with a heavy stock company, embracing some of the substantial men of 
 the town and county. It has done an extensive business, sending its products 
 to all parts of the country. At a recent meeting of the board of directors, the 
 following letter was read: 
 
 Chambeksburg, Pa., .January iri, 1887. 
 To the floard of Directors of Taylor Manufacturing Company, Ohambersburg, Pa. 
 
 Gentlemen— Owing to the fact that my business interests in North Carnlina are de- 
 manding my entire time and attention, I am obliged to tender my resignation as President 
 and Director of the Taylor Mfg. Co. With the encouraging outlook for trade I believe 
 the future prosperity of the company is assured. Thanking you for the cnurtesies ex- 
 tended to me during my term of service with 3'ou, and with best wi.shcs, I am, 
 
 Very Respectfully, 
 
 J. B. Taylor. 
 
476 HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The board accepted Mr. Taylor's resignation, expressing regret that his in- 
 terests required a severance of his relations with the company. 
 The board then elected Mr. John L. Latshaw president. 
 
 SECEET SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Masons.— On the 5th of April, 1800, Lodge No. 79 of A. Y. M. was 
 organized by Gen. James Chambers, and held its first meetings at the house 
 of Owen Aston, on Market Street, a short distance east of the old jail. Gen. 
 Chambers was its fii'st master — a position he held till the time of his resigna- 
 tion in 1804. It is not improbable that the lodge disbanded in 1804, no trace 
 of its existence subsequent to July 3, of that year, appearing. 
 
 George Washington Lodge, No. 143, of A. Y. M., was organized April 23, 
 1816, and continued an active existence until the strong anti-Masonic sentiment 
 compelled their dissolution. Their last meeting was held December 3, 1 830, after 
 which their building on Second Street was sold to the Messenger Association 
 for a printing office. On the 20th of August, 1845, the lodge was re-organ- 
 ized in a room on the third floor of Dr. W. H. Boyle's building, in the arcade 
 on West Market Street. After a short time, they changed to a room in the 
 third story of Dr. James Hamilton's building on Main Street. In 1848 they 
 repurchased their former building from the Messenger Association, and have 
 occupied it ever since. When Chambersburg was burned, it was one of the 
 buildings saved from the conflagration, and this was the secret of other 
 buildings in the same region being spared. Present officers: George Bietsch, 
 W. M. ; Jno. M. Gilmore, J. W. ; B. L. Maurer, S. W. ; A. C. McGrath, 
 Sec. ; H. S. Gilbert, Treas. ; A. L. Langdon, Wm. M. McKnight and D. M. 
 Eiker are trustees. The lodge meets each Friday, on or before the full moon 
 of each month, at Masonic temple on South Second Street. 
 
 George Washington Chapter No. 1 76 R. A. M. , was organized with thirty- 
 one members, March 6, 1856, by the M. E. H. P. Its original officers were 
 Wilson Reilly, K. ; Geo. W. Brewer, S. ; John Armstrong, Treas. ; Thos. M. 
 Carlisle, Sec. Its present officers: Geo. Bietsch, M. E. H. P. ; John Goetz, 
 K. ; W. M, Snyder, Scribe; Hastings Gehr, Treas. ; A. C. McGrath, Sec. 
 Meets third Monday of every month. 
 
 The Odd Fellows. — Chambersburg Lodge, 175, I. O. O. F., was insti- 
 tuted at Chambersburg on the 16th of May, A. D. 1846. The original char- 
 ter and records of the lodge having been destroyed by the great fire in 1804, 
 it was impossible to secure a complete history of this organization. The 
 new charter granted by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania after the fire makes 
 no mention of the charter members, nor of the first officers. Of those who 
 took an active part in its organization, or who became members shortly after, 
 but few are at present associated with it. Peter Feldman, Augustus Barnitz, 
 John Earhart, William Robinson and John Monath united with the lodge at 
 an early day, and yet hold their membership in it. 
 
 The meetings were first held in the Ijuilding that formerly stood on the site 
 now occupied by the Washington Street School-building. After several years 
 the lodge moved to the market-house, in the room now called " Council Hall. " 
 That room not being well adapted to lodge purposes, a more commodious one 
 was secured in the town hall building. The burning of the hall, in 1864, 
 compelled a return of the lodge to its old quarters in the market-house. The 
 meetmgs contmued to be held in that place until the hall was rebuilt, when 
 the room now occupied was taken possession of, and has been devoted to lodge 
 purposes ever since. The burning of the hall caused serious loss to the lodge. 
 All Its furniture, regalia, record s, etc. , were destroyed. The members, however. 
 
<^o-T>^?^!^2^^^^<j:?:>^^ 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUKG. 47 (J' 
 
 were not disheartened. The new room was fitted up at considerable ex- 
 pense; the walls and ceiling were beautifully frescoed; suitable furniture was 
 purchased, and everything necessary to make the room attractive and com- 
 fortable was carefully attended to. After taking possession of their new quar- 
 ters, the members went ■ to work with a will. Applications for membership 
 were so frequent, that at one time the roll numbered considerably over 100. 
 The treasury, which had been depleted by the necessary expenditures above 
 mentioned, was rapidly replenished, and the prospects for the future were 
 very flattering. But the financial crisis, which several years ago swept over 
 the country, sadly interfered with its prosperity. The number of admissions 
 decreased, and many of those who had been most active in promoting the 
 welfare of the organization became discouraged. Their discouragement led to 
 carelessness, and finally they permitted their membership to lapse. Numbers 
 of these have recently been reinstated, and hopes are entertained that it will 
 not be long before the membership will number as many as it did years ago. 
 
 Chambersburg Lodge has enjoyed an enviable reputation as a working 
 lodge. Its work has been carried on without the use of rituals, thus adding 
 very much to the interest of the meetings. The matter of refitting the room 
 is now being agitated, and should this be done, it will not be long before the 
 lodge will have as fine a room as is to be found in the valley. The present 
 corps of officers is as follows: Noble Grand, D. M. Funk; Vice Grand, W. H. 
 Small; Secretary, Samuel Gelwix; Assistant Secretary, E. M. Smith; Treas- 
 urer, George W. Bietsch; Warden, A. J. Eiker; Conductor, D. J. Simmers; 
 
 E. S. to N. G., Emanuel Hall; L. S. to N. G., B. F. Burgner; E. S. to V. G., 
 George Hart; L. S. to V. G., George A. Bietsch; E. S. S., Philip Bietsch; 
 L. S. S., William Eobinson; I. G., Isaac Irwin; O. G., Jacob Bickly; Hall 
 Keeper, Jacob Bickly; Trustees, A. J. Eiker, Emanuel Hale and B. F. Mc- 
 Curdy. The membership of the lodge at present numbers seventy-five. Many 
 of those whose names appear on the roll are non-resident members ; quite a 
 number live in other States, while many others reside in different parts of Penn- 
 sylvania. This being the case, the weekly attendance is materially reduced; 
 but the attendance cannot be accepted as a proof of lack of interest, as those 
 who are unable to attend are among the most prompt in the payment of their 
 weekly dues. During the year ending October 1, 1886, this lodge paid $475 
 for the relief of its members. While thus attentive to its own household, it 
 has not overlooked worthy applications for assistance from other sources. 
 Very rarely indeed does such an application fail to meet with a favorable re- 
 sponse. About 11,500 are invested in bonds and other securities; a good 
 working fund is in the hands of the treasurer; the property of the lodge is 
 valued at $500, thus making the total worth of the lodge something over 
 12,000. The present District Deputy G. M., D. J. Simmers, is a highly 
 esteemed member of Chambersburg Lodge. So efficiently does he fill the 
 office, that year after year he receives the almost unanimous support of the 
 different lodges throughout the district for this honorable position. 
 
 Columbus Lodge. No. 75, I. O. O. F., was organized in a room in Dr. W. 
 H. Boyle's building, on West Market Street, on the 31st of March, 1842, with 
 the following charter members: Jabez Porter, Benj. F. Nead, Lewis F. 
 Heck, Wm. Stevenson, Wilson Reilly, Samuel McCrory, William J. Stewart, 
 Eby Byers and Eobert P. Hazelet. But one of this number, ]3enj. F. 
 Nead, is now living. Wilson Reilly was the first Noble Grand and Benj. 
 
 F. Nead the first secretary of the lodge. This room in a short time proving 
 too small, they removed to the third floor of the Lutheran lecture room, on West 
 Washington Street, where they remained until 1857, when they removed to 
 
480 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 -the front room on the third floor of Franklin Hall, on the Diamond, which 
 they fitted up in good style and occupied undisturbed until the outbreak of 
 the Rebellion. In September, 1862, after the battle of Antietam, a large 
 number of woimded union soldiers were brought to Chambersburg, and in 
 order to give them comfortable quarters, the members of the lodge gave* up 
 their room to the United States Government for a hospital, and while so 
 occupied the lodge held its meetings in the adjoining room of Chambersburg 
 Lodge. Shortly after again getting possession of the room, in the latter part 
 of June, 1863, the rebel army under Gen. Lee passed through Chambersbui'g 
 on its way to Gettysburg, and some of the vandals gaining admission into the 
 lodge room, destroyed all the regalia, canopies, curtains and other fixtures of 
 the order. Hardly had the lodge recovered from this loss, when, on the 30th 
 of July, 1864, the rebel horde, imder Gen. McCausland, again visited Cham- 
 bersburg and burned the greater portion of the town, Columbus Lodge being 
 entirely burned out. Not dismayed at their misfortune, they procui'ed tem- 
 porary quarters on the second floor of the market-house, and remained there 
 until the completion of Repository Hall, when they removed to the front room, 
 on the third floor of that building. On the afternoon of November 26, 1866, 
 the new hall was dedicated to the uses of the order. The following named 
 brethren acted as officers of the grand lodge of Pennsylvania, in the dedicatory 
 ceremonies: P. G. Isaac H. McCauley, as G. M. ; D. D. G. M. Jacob Spangler, 
 asD. G. M. ; P. G. Speakman Hicks, as G. W. ; P. G. Samuel King (of 
 Potomac Lodge, Hagerstown, Md. ), as G. C. ; P. G. Jacob N. Snider, as G. 
 M. ; P. G. D. B. Kirby, as G. H., with Brothers William E. Tolbert as H. of 
 the North, John S. Hicks, as H. of the South, Edward G. Etter, as H. of the 
 East, and Frank Henderson, as H. of the West. The hall was formally deliv- 
 ered to the G. M. by D. D. G. M. Jacob Spangler, on behalf of the furnishing 
 committee of the lodge, and was then dedicated to the uses of the order by the 
 sprinkling of water, lighting of fire, scattering of wheat and strewing of flowers 
 in the manner prescribed by the grand lodge of the United States. Music by 
 the Hagerstown (Md.), and Chambersburg brass bands. At the conclusion of 
 the dedicatory services an address was delivered by P. G. M. Isaac H. 
 McCaiiley, on the duties of the order. 
 
 Since the organization of the lodge it has had but four secretaries, viz. : 
 Benj. F. Nead, Charles W. Heart, Dr. William H. Boyle and the present 
 efficient occupant of the office, David F. Leisher. Seventy-eight Past Grands 
 have been created, forty-six of whom are now members of the lodge. Whole 
 number of persons admitted to membership, 592; present number of mem- 
 bers, 146. 
 
 Olive Branch Encampment, No. 13, I. O. O. F., was organized on the 
 third floor of the Lutheran lecture room, on the 24th of October, 1844, and 
 after a few years' existence disbanded. It was reorganized on May 14, 1861, 
 in the room of Chambersburg Lodge, where its meetings were held until the 
 destruction of the town by order of the rebel, Gen. McCausland. Quarters 
 were then obtained with the two subordinate lodges of I. O. O. F. in the 
 market.house, until 1866, when the encampment was moved into the room of 
 Columbus Lodge, and is now in a flourishing condition. 
 
 Chamb^sburg Council, O. U. A. M., No. 228, was instituted March 22, 
 o^- 'r. ^'- r'^*"*** Deputy State Councilor B. K. Spangler, of Council No. 
 ^Uo Carlisle, assisted by the following pro tern State Council officers: V. C, 
 A. C. Landis of No. 207; R. S., C. F. Dinkle, of No. 205; F. S., J. P. Ran- 
 ofji' T ?°' ""' ^" '^^'^^^ Eckenrode, of No. 207; Ex., C. Fenstemacher, of 
 Mi\ I. P., Jas. A. Smith, of 205; O. P., C. D. Eckels, of 205; Jun. Ex. C, 
 
BOROUGH OF OHAMBEKSBUEG. 481 
 
 C. M. Holler, 205; Sr. Ex. C, O. M. Blair, of 207. The charter mem- 
 bers were E. G. Etter, M. A. Eoltz, G. H. "Wood, D. B. Dunkison, J. C. 
 Wood, J. P. McGlintock, Jas. Aughinbaugh, Jno. Fisher, D. A. Wertz, C 
 E. Fetter, J. F. Gibbs. J. F. Fuller, C. W. Fuller, D. F. Leisher, Leo Eberti 
 C. F. Smith and A. C. McGrath. The names of the first officers were Coun- 
 cilor, G. H. Wood; V. C., D. A. Wertz; E. Sec, A. C. McGrath; Financial 
 Sec, J. F. Gibbs; Treas., F. S. Gillespie; Inductor, J. F. Fuller; Examiner, 
 J. P. McGlintock; Inside Protector, D. B. Dunkison; Outside Protector, Jno. 
 C. Wood; E. G. Etter, D. A. Wertz. Frank Hendernon, Trustees. The 
 names of the present officers are: C, Wm. Miles; V. C, Abram Rife; Rec. 
 Sec, J. 0. Strealy; Afest. Rec Sec, George Auxt; Fin. Sec, J. Frank Sni- 
 der; Treas., J. F. Gibbs; Ex., G. F. Wolf; Ind., Harry Bickly; Inside 
 Pro., Geo. Claudy; Outside Pro., Adam Gruber; Wm. Stake, Dan'l Har- 
 mony, S. A. Swert, Trustees. Present number of members, 79; whole number 
 •of admission from time of organization to date, 229. 
 
 Franklin Ouards were organized October 11, 1878, by Capt. George 
 L. Miles, at Ghambersburg. The present officers of the company are Cap- 
 tain, JohnC. Gerbig; first lieutenant, Philip Lautenslager; second lieutenant, 
 Harry Gillespie; secretary, Charles Hyssong. They meet every Friday evening 
 for drill and attend annual encampment for brigade drill every summer. 
 
 McDowell Camp, Sons of Veterans, Frank McGrath, captain, meets second 
 and fourth Thursday evenings of each month in Housum Post room. It has 
 been in existence but a short time. 
 
 Housum Post, G. A. B. , 309, meets every Tuesday evening, in Post room, 
 <3orner of Main and Queen Streets. It was organized February 21, 1883, by 
 ■Capt. W. E. Miller, of Carlisle, Egan, Humor, Haverstick, Ensminger and 
 Asst. Adj. Gen. T. J. Stewart, with the following charter members: Wm. 
 Burgess, Jno. A. Siders, Jno. Doebler, B. A. Fahnestock, E. S. Shank, Calvin 
 ■Gilbert, Qeo. W. Duncan, John Herron, A. C. McGrath, L. V. Armstrong, 
 John H. Lesher, J. H. Aughinbaugh, Frank Myers, Wilson Stewart, C. H. 
 Eulweiler, W. J. Norton, D. W. Rowe, Geo. L. Miles, C. H. Cresaler, Thos. 
 Durbarow, Geo. B. Preisler, W. E. Kreps, C. M. Ditsler, Napoleon Hunter, 
 Sam'l McGowan, J. B. Holtzworth, Alex Stewart, Dan'l W. Brandt, W. H. 
 Davis, John W. Shenafield, John C. Gerbig, Adam Gruber, John Stewart, J'red 
 Watts. 
 
 Its first corps of officers embraced the following comrades: Wm. Bur- 
 gess, C. ; John Doebler, S. V. C. ; C. H. Fulwiller, J. V. C. ; C. H. Cressler, Q.. 
 M. ; Thos. Durbarow, Surg. ; John A. Seiders, Adj. ; J. C. Gerbig, O. D. ; 
 J. B. Holztworth, O. G. ; J. H. Aughinbaugh, S. M. ; Calvin Gilbert, Q. M. 
 S. ; John Shenafield, Chap. 
 
 Its present officers are: T. E. Gilland, C; Dr. F. G. Piatt, S. V. C. ; 
 E. E. Byers, J. V. C. ; A. C. McGrath, Adj. ; C. H. Cressler, Q. M. ; T. Dur- 
 barow, O. D. ; Robert Dunkinson, O. G. ; Dr. J. A. Crawford, Chap. ; Dr. E. 
 Brallier, Surg.; W. H. H. Mackey, S. M.. and Geo. A. Minnich, Q. M. S. 
 
 It enrolls 115 members, and is in a prosperous condition. 
 
 P. B. Housum was born September 21, 1824, in Berks County, Penn. On 
 the 25th of September, 1845, he married Miss Lucy S. Edmiston, of Bedford 
 County, by whom he had five children: Mary Elizabeth, John Peter, Maria 
 Louise Fannie, Benjamin Franklin and Cynthia; all are living except the first 
 and third. He served in the late war as captain in the Second Pennsylvania 
 Infantry during the three months' service. Subsequently, in 1862, he 
 ■entered the Seventy- seventh Pennsylvania Eegt. as lieutenant-colonel, and was 
 with the regiment in its campaign in the Army of the Cumberland against 
 Biagg's army in Kentucky and Tennessee. 
 
482 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 He was wounded on the morning of the 31st of December, 1862, in the- 
 battle of Stone Eiver, and died of the wound received on the evening of Jan- 
 uary 1, 1863. He was buried on Stuart's Creek, twenty-five and one-half miles 
 east of Nashville, on the Nashville and Murfreesboro Pike. 
 
 In his last letter written from Nashville on Christmas day, 1862, six days- 
 before he was wounded, he spoke thus to his wife: "I wish the war was over. 
 I am tired of running after the rebels. * * I -vvill write as soon as we stop. 
 * * God bless you all, and pray for our safe return. ' ' 
 
 C. V. Council of Royal Arcanum was organized Ailgust 2, 1886, with the- 
 following gentlemen as charter members: Emanuel Brallier, M. D., James N. 
 Dyson, John L, Reside, George Denton, M. W. Straly, A. C. Bossman,. 
 Mahlon Havens, Frederick Kerlin, Samuel B. Hege, Daniel Herman, J. Will- 
 iam Eyster, S. J. Hayden, John W. Talhelm, Benj. L. Maurer, A. L. Over- 
 cash, Eev. A. S. Hartman, J. H. Deehert, Samuel Shryock, Frederick Hen- 
 neberger, William D. Brooks, Harry A. Blair, Horace A. Logue, of whom E. 
 Brallier, M. D., was Regent; J. N. Dyson, Vice Regent; Geo. Denton, Past Re- 
 gent; John L. Reside, Orator; M. W. Straly, Sec. ; A. C. Rossman, Collector-^ 
 Frederick Kirlin, Treasurer; S. J. Hayden, Guide; May Ion Havens, Warden;, 
 John W. Talhelm, Sentry. These officers' term expired December 31, and the 
 new officers elect are as follows: J. N. Dyson, Regent; S. J. Hayden, Vice- 
 Regent; E. Brallier, M. D., Past Regent; Benjamin L. Maurer, Orator; John 
 H. Deckert, Secretary; A. 0. Rossman, Collector; Daniel Herman, Treas- 
 urer; M. W. Straly, Guide; Rev. A. S. Hartman, Chaplain; Henry Meyers, 
 Warden; John W. Talhelm, Sentry; George Denton, Representative to Grand 
 Council; Dr. E. Brallier, Alternate Representative; George Denton, J. W. 
 Eyster and B. L. Maurer, Trustees. This is a very young organization (only 
 six months old), but has been advancing steadily, holding their meetings 
 bi-weekly on Friday evenings in Ludwig's Building, Memorial Square. 
 Council room nicely furnished by individual exertion, and financially on a 
 good foundation and a good show for advancement. 
 
 Improved Order of Heptasophs, Franklin Conclave, No. 104, was. 
 organized July 24, 1885, with the following charter members: Chas. F. 
 Palmer, B. P. Gilmore, Joseph Pomeroy, Wm. Burgess, Geo. W. Bietsch and 
 sixteen others. Original Officers: Past Archon, B. P. Gilmore; Archon, 
 George W. Bietsch; Provost, C. Henninger: Prelate, W. Burgess; Inspector,. 
 N. E. Shade; Secretary, A. N. Pomeroy; Financier, W. H. Eyster; Treasurer, 
 A. W. Pomeroy; Warden, G. W. Pensinger; Sentinel, E. W. Smith. The- 
 object of the organization is beneficial, and it meets in the Repository Build- 
 ing. Its present membership is nineteen. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association.— There was formerly a similar or- 
 ganization here, but through mismanagement and arf undue appreciation of 
 its legitimate sphere, it collapsed. The present organization was begun in 
 the spnng of 1886 and perfected by the election of the following charter 
 members on May 31 of tlie same year, the fiscal year ending June 1, 1887: 
 Jno. M. McDowell, Wm. B. Reed, Sam'l Gelwicks, R. E. Coylo, P. P. Har- 
 baugh, A. L. McCJurg, S. H. Keagy, Victor Leisher, Andrew Blair, Thomas 
 ^lair, H. S. Gilbert, A. L. Langdon, David Speer, H. C.White, E. M. Smith, 
 £ . W. Day, Chas. L. Haney, Wm. Renck, Wm. Blair, Theodore Carl. Pres- 
 ident^ David Speer; vice-president, Wm. B. Reed; recording secretary, P. 
 W. Day; treasurer, H. S. Gilbert; general secretary, R. E. White. The 
 above IS a list of the present officers. State secretaries, Rev. S. A. Taggaii, 
 W A. Bowen, and S. K McKee, assisted in the organization, and Mr.McKee- 
 acted as general secretary from July 7 to August 7, 1886. The object of 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBURG. 483 
 
 the society is the spiritual, mental and physical improvement of young men. 
 At present they occupy temporary rooms over the Chambersburg Deposit Bank. 
 Col. J. C Austin has offered to erect a fine building, which will be ready for 
 occupancy in 1887. He purposes to place the entire building, except the three 
 stores, under the supervision of the association. The building will be situated 
 on Main Street, Opposite the National Hotel, on the site formerly occupied by 
 the Rosedale Seminary. 
 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union was organized in April, 1883. 
 Its charter members were some fifteen or sixteen in number, only a few of 
 which could be obtained: Mrs. L. V. Haulman, Mrs. Martha J. Shenafield, 
 Mrs. Charlotte Eyster, Mrs. Martha J. Eiker, Mrs. Delilah Bickley, Mrs. 
 Anna M. Eobinson, Mrs. Scott Flack, and others. Mrs. M. J. Shenafield was 
 the first president, and an efficient one. She died in March, 1886, much loved 
 and lamented. The union passed appropriate resolutions recognizing her as 
 the strong friend of temperance and ' ' mother of the temperance union in 
 Chambersburg. ' ' Some difficulty was experienced in securing competent and 
 trained presiding officers. Mrs. Shields is the present efficient and zealous 
 president, and Mrs. L. V. Haulman, secretary. During its existence, the 
 union has had some distinguished lecturers, viz. : Miss Narcissa White, Grove 
 City, N. J. ; Mrs. E. M. Laughlin, Boston; Mrs. Josephine Nichols, Indian- 
 apolis; Mrs. Annie Wittemeyer, Philadelphia; Mrs. Mary Hunt, Boston; Col. 
 Ceorge Bain, Louisville, Ky. ; Hon. A. H. Colquitt, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 OHDROHES. 
 
 Falling Spring Presbyterian Church was established in 1736, in what is 
 now known as Chambersburg. " The deed for the ground was dated January 
 1, 1768, from Benjamin Chambers and Jane, his wife, to Patrick Vance. 
 Matthew Wilson, Edward Cook, Robert Patterson, William Lindsly, Jr., 
 William Gass and William Brotherton, in trust for the Presbyterian congrega- 
 tion of Falling Spring." In 1787 the congregation was incorporated by act of 
 Assembly. 
 
 The purpose of this church is to maintain that system of doctrine and that 
 iorm of ecclesiastical order set forth in the Westminster confession of faith 
 and catechisms. It is Presbyterian. It is subject to the authority of the 
 Presbytery of Carlisle, and of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church 
 of the United States of America. The first structure was a log building 
 «rected in 1739, on the bank of the Conococheague, not far from the site of 
 the present edifice. This was used also for educational purposes. In 1767 it 
 gave place to a frame building, seventy feet long and thirty-five wide. This 
 stood until 1803, when the present stoae church was erected. 
 
 In the year 1856, during the pastorate of the Rev. Joseph Clarke, changes 
 were made in it; the porch in front was removed and the two towers were 
 built. Other changes were made in 1868. In 1876 the stone wall along the 
 ©astern side of the church grounds gave place to the present iron fence. In 
 1877, during the pastorate of the Rev. J. Agnew Crawford, the present chapel 
 Tvas built. In 1885 an annex was made to the church, and a large pipe organ 
 was set in it, at a cost, total, of $5, 198. 
 
 In 1868 a colony of twenty-eight went out from the congregation and was 
 organized by presbytery as the Central Presbyterian Church of Chambersburg. 
 Present number of members, 242. Expenses last year, total for all purposes, 
 ^3,027. Owing to the fact that a volume of the minutes of presbytery, con- 
 taining the record of the years 1750-59, was lost, by having been loaned to a 
 clergyman residing in the'South during the civil war, nothing is known of 
 
484 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 this church in its relation to presbytery during that period. When this town 
 was burned by the rebels in 1864, the session book of the church and the 
 church register were destroyed, so that we have no list of members reaching 
 back of the year 1821, and no account of the early proceedings of the session. 
 This great double loss causes the history of this congregation to be quite in- 
 complete. • 
 
 It is not easy to fix upon the "most prosperous period of the church." 
 If changes going to the external improvement of the church are to be consid- 
 ered, the last ten years, perhaps, may be taken as a prosperous period. 
 If we note the tokens of spiritual prosperity, we may say that in the year 
 1866 there was a work of grace wrought which brought nearly forty into the 
 church. In 1876-77 sixty-six united on profession of their faith. The last 
 few years have been signalized by great activity and zeal in the work of for- 
 eign and domestic missions. Last year $1,905 were raised for benevolent 
 work. Names of pastors: Samuel Thompson, 1737-39; Samuel Cavin, 
 1739-41; James Lang, 1767-94; William Speer, 1794-97; David Denny, 
 1800-38; William Adam, 1839-41; Daniel McKinley, 1841-50; Joseph 
 Clarke, 1851-57; Lambert S. Fine, 1858-59; Samuel J. NiccoUs, 1860-64; 
 Jno. Agnew Crawford, 1867-87. Dr. Crawford's resignation was handed 
 in the autumn of 1886, and accepted to take effect January 1, 1887. At 
 present (January, 1887, ) the congregation has no regular pastor. 
 
 The Sabbath-school connected with this church was begun in 1816, and is 
 still in vigorous life. For many years Mr. John Cree, a ruling elder, was its 
 excellent superintendent. For the last nineteen years Dr. George P. Piatt, 
 ruling elder, has been filling the position with great ability. 
 
 It may be of interest to state that for many years this church had in con- 
 nection with it a very large and prosperous mission school among the colored 
 people of the town. It began about the year 1862. Mr. William G. Reed, a 
 ruling elder of the congregation, was for a long time its efficient superinten- 
 dent. He was elected in 1864. It was suspended a few years ago simply 
 because no suitable room could be found in which to meet, but with the expec- 
 tation of opening it again. 
 
 The Central Presbyterian Church. — This congregation owes its existence 
 chiefly to the crowded condition of the old Falling Spring Church, and an 
 earnest desire on the part of its originators to provide abundance of room 
 for all, rich and poor, who hold to the doctrines, and prefer the order and 
 forms of worship approved of in the Presbyterian Church. Hence, in response 
 to a petition signed by thirteen persons, as follows, to wit : J. C. Austin, J. A. 
 Eeside, H. L. Eeed, E. D. Eeid, Mrs. E. D. Reid, A. H. McCuUoh, Miss 
 Alice E. McCulloh, Miss Maiy E. McCulloh, W. Blair Gilmore, I. H. McCau- 
 ley, Joseph McClure, J. R. Orr, John L. Grier, the presbytery of Carhsle, at 
 its adiourned meeting held at Duncannon, on the 9th of June, 1868, appointed 
 Rev. Thomas Creigh, D. D., Rev. W. A. West and Elder J. E. McLanahan a 
 committee "to consider and, if the way be clear, organize a church in accord- 
 ance with the prayer of the petitioners." This committee met in the Falling 
 Spring Church on the 15th of August, 1868, and, after a full consideration of 
 all the facts m the case, proceeded to organize a church, which was afterward 
 called the Central Presbyterian Church of Chambersburg. Twenty-eight per- 
 sons presented certificates from the old Falling Spring Chm-ch, and, after 
 havmg promised and covenanted to walk together in church fellowship, pro- 
 ceeded to the election of ruling elders, which resulted in the unanimous choice 
 of James A. Reside and James C. Austin. These persons were ordained and 
 installed into office the next day by prayer and the laying on of hands of the 
 mmisters and elders present, the session of the old church participating. 
 
BOROUGH OP CHAMBEESBUEG. 485 
 
 On the 6th of September, the Sabbath-school was organized with four pu- 
 pils, viz. : Preston R. Austin, Alma Cassel, Edith Boyle and Susie Elliott. A 
 superintendent and other officers and teachers were selected. The session held 
 its first meeting in the court-house — used for the time being as a place of wor- 
 ship—on the 19th of September, 1868, at which time Preston E. Austin was 
 received into the communion of this church, being the first person received 
 upon the profession of his faith in Christ. 
 
 At a congregational meeting held September 28, 1868, the Eev. I, N. Hays, 
 of Middlespring, was unanimously elected pastor, and promised, for the pres- 
 ent, $1,000 a year, to be paid in regular quarterly payments. At the same 
 time the following persons were elected to act temporarily as trustees, being 
 all the adult male members of the church, viz. : James A. Reside, Jacob Fetter, 
 H. L. Reed, W. Hopkins, Wm. Clark, H. H. Elliott, H. Auld and J. C. Aus- 
 tin. The Rev. Ir N. Hays, having accepted the call presented to him, was 
 installed as pastor on the 11th of December, 1868, Rev. S. S. Mitchell preach- 
 ing the sermon, Rev. T. Creigh, D. D. , delivering the charge to the pastor, 
 and the Rev. J. W. Wightman to the people. 
 
 At a congregational meeting held January 18, 1869, it was resolved to under- 
 take and, if possible, complete within the present year, a house of worship to be 
 dedicated to the worship of Almighty God. Messrs. J. C. Austin, J. A. Reside 
 and Col. O. N. Lull were appointed a committee to procure a plan, etc. On 
 the 22d of February, 1869, the plan submitted by the committee was unani- 
 mously accepted and adopted, and the same committee was reqiiested to act 
 as a building committee, to open subscriptions at once, and push forward the 
 building of the church with all possible energy. On the 18th of January, 
 1869, a charter for the church was procured from the court of common pleas 
 of Franklin County, and on the first Monday of May (the 3d) eight trustees 
 were elected, whose names will be found in the list of officers. 
 
 The Central Presbyterian Church stands on the corner of Market and 
 Main Streets, fronting the Diamond, on the site of the old Franklin 
 Hotel. Its extreme length, including tower in front and study in rear, is 
 110 feet; and its width, including buttresses, is 64 feet and 6 inches. At 8 
 o'clock on the morning of the 25th of May, 1869, a large congregation assem- 
 bled about the foundation of the church building to witness the ceremonies 
 connected with the deposit of certain articles in the corner-stone. The Eev. 
 J. A. Crawford, pastor of the Palling Spring Church, after Invocation, read 
 the following portions of . Scripture, viz.: Ezra iii: 8-11; Psalm cxxvii: 1, 2; 
 also Psalm cxxxii: 8-18, after which the pastor, Eev. I. N. Hays delivered an 
 appropriate address. At the close of the address the pastor deposited in the 
 corner-stone, a copper box very securely fastened and made air-tight, contain- 
 ing the following interesting historical relics, etc. , viz. : A copy of the address — 
 a brief history of the church up to this time, to which is added a complete list 
 of the original petitioners asking for the organization — the present officers 
 and members of the church, the names of the generous contributors to the 
 building of the church, and of the pupils at present in the Sabbath-school, all 
 of which will be found herein but the names of the Sabbath-school children. 
 In addition to the above, the box contained a copy of the confession of faith 
 and of the hymn book used by the congregation; copies of all the newspapers 
 of the borough, and of the daily papers of Philadelphia and New York circu- 
 lating in Chambersburg, together with the names of the editors and employes 
 of the Valley Spirit and Franklin Repository printing offices; copies of the 
 constitution and by-laws of the temperance, beneficial, benevolent and other 
 institutions of the borough; of the burning of Chambersburg the rules of 
 
486 HISTOEY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 court, aud impressions of the seals of the different courts of the county; the 
 coin and paper money of the United States now in circulation, from one cent 
 up to |1; the Government stamps — postage and revenue. 
 
 The box having been deposited, the Rev. James F. Kennedy led in prayer, 
 after which the congregation joined in singing the old version of the One 
 Hundreth Psalm to Old Hundred. Names of members of the church at date of 
 •organization, August 15, 1868: Hugh Auld, James C. Austin, Mrs. S. E. 
 Austin, Beckie A. Austin, Mrs. Mary Cassel, Mrs. Annie E. Cassel, Wm. 
 Clark, Mrs. Sarah Clark, Elizabeth J. Clark, Eliza Durborow, Martha Dur- 
 borow, Henry H. Elliott, Mrs. Emma Elliott, Jacob Fetter, Mrs. Maria 
 Fetter, Minnie R. Fetter, Wm. Hopkins, Mrs. Sarah Hopkins, Mary E. Mc- 
 CuUoh, Alice E. McGuUoh, Mrs. Maggie Orr, Henry L. Reed, Mrs. Charlotte 
 Reed, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Reid, Annie Reid, James A. Reside, Mrs. Mary M. 
 Reside, Carrie V. Reside. Officers at the date of laying the (rorner-stone, May 
 25, 1869: Pastor, Rev. I. N. Hays. Ruling elders: James C. Austin, James A. 
 Reside. Trustees : J. C. Austin, for four years, J. A. Reside, for four years, 
 John R. Orr, for three years; H. H. Elliott, for three years; Wm. Clark, for 
 two years; Wm. T. Speer, for two years; John M. Gilmore, for one year; 
 John L. Barr, for one year. Building Committee: J. 0. Austin, J. A. Reside, 
 O. N. Lull. Architect, S. D. Button. 
 
 The beautiful e.difice was ready for occupation in the autumn of 1870. 
 The formal dedication services took place on Thursday, September 21, 1870. 
 In these services, the Rev. John L. Withrow, pastor of the Arch Street Presby- 
 terian Church, Philadelphia, preached the sermon. The Rev. J. A. Craw- 
 ford, Rev. Jas. F. Kennedy, of Chambersburg, Penn. ; Rev. Geo. P. Hays, 
 D. D., President of Jefferson and Washington College, Pennsylvania, with the 
 pastor, took part in the services of the day. On the Sabbath following the 
 delication, the riiembers of the two Presbyterian churches of Chambersburg 
 united in a union communion service, held in the new church edifice. On this 
 occasion the Rev. J, A. Crawford, pastor of the Falling Spring Church, 
 preached the sermon. In 1885 a fine pipe organ, manufactured by J. H. & C. 
 S. Odell, New York City, was placed in the church. . The catalogue price was 
 $4, 000. It was a free. will offering of some friend or friends of the church, 
 who have not permitted their, names to be made known to the public 
 
 In the spring of 1886 the pastor moved into the parsonage, purchased 
 several months before, on Qaeen Street The property with the deeded repairs 
 cost about 16,000. The present membership is 185. The enrollment in the 
 church and chapel Sabbath-schools is 360; of this number 150 are in thQ 
 Chapel school. 
 
 At a meeting of the session, September 27, the pastor presented the 
 project of building a chapel in the southern part of the town, near the Taylor 
 works. At this meeting Jas. A. Reside, Hezekiah Keefer and Jas. C. Austin 
 were appomted a committee to examine a site already recommended as a 
 desirable location. After viewing the ground, this committee reported favorably, 
 both as to the project of a chapel and its location, and September 29, 1884, 
 purchased four lots fronting on the east side of Fairground Avenue. The chapel 
 erected thereon is a brick building with a frame annex, the main part, with 
 
 ^^ iuu^'S^' J?^^""^ ^^^^^ ^^^^- ^^« 1°*^ '^^'l tt^e building cost about $3,000. 
 On babbath, December 21, the chapel was first occupied, twenty-one persons 
 coming together through the snow and rain. On this day the Sabbath -school 
 was organized After an existence of two years, it has 150 teachers and 
 scholars enrolled with an average attendance of eighty. Jas. C. Austin is 
 superintendent; W. H. H. Mackey, assistant superintendent; J. W. Rearick, 
 secretary, treasurer and librarian. 
 

 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 489 
 
 On Sabbath, February 1, 1885, the chapel was formally dedicated The 
 Bev. C. R. Lane, Ph. D., read the Scriptures. The Eev. John Jay Pomerov 
 pastor of the Central Church and the Chapel, made the prayer of dedication 
 The Rev. Jas. P. Kennedy, D. D., Eev. John Edgar, Ph. D., and Rev. J A 
 Crawford, D. D. , followed with addresses. 
 
 Rev. Isaac N. Hays, D. D., was installed the first pastor of this church, 
 December 11, 1868, and served with unusual success for six years. 
 
 Rev. John C. Caldwell, D. D., the second pastor, was installed October 
 22, 1874, and on August 7, 1883, the pastoral relation was dissolved, to enable 
 him to accept the call extended to him from the First Presbyterian Church, 
 of West Chester, Penn. , which church he still serves. 
 
 Rev. John Jay Pomeroy, D. D. , the third pastor is a native of Franklin 
 County, the eldest son of the late Judge Thomas Pomeroy, of Roxbury. He 
 was installed pastor of this church April 10, 1884, and is the present incum- 
 bent. 
 
 St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. — Inasmuch as the records of this 
 church were entirely destroyed during the burning of Chambersburg by the 
 Confederates under Gen. McCausland, on the 30th of July, 1864, it is scarcely 
 possible to obtain thoroughly reliable dates in regard to the early history of 
 the church; and wherever inaccuracies occur they must be attributed to the fact 
 that the early history had to be constructed out of scattered fragments, gath- 
 ered from numerous quarters and from the memory of the oldest inhabitants. 
 It appears that a number of German families migrated to what is now Franklin 
 County, as early as 1740, and located in the neighborhood of Grindstone Hill, about 
 seven miles southeast of Chambersburg. These were either Lutherans or Re- 
 formed in the religious faith. It is not known that they had the ministrations 
 of the gospel in their own tongue or by ministers of their own denominations, 
 until about 1765, when one Rev. John George Eager of Conewago, near Han- 
 over, York County, visited them, and gave them occasional attention in spiritual 
 affairs. 
 
 The first notice we have of regular preaching was about the year 1770, 
 when Rev. John George Young, of Hagerstown, Md. , succeeded Rev. Ea- 
 ger, and began to preach in the Scotch-Irish village of Chambersburg, in the 
 German language. Rev. Young was the first regularly stationed minister of 
 the Lutheran Church, in the southern end of the valley, and the most of the 
 old congregations in Washington County, Md. , and in this county, were col- 
 lected and organized by him. He continued in charge of these small and 
 widely scattered congregations until 1783, when he was succeeded by Rev. 
 John Michael Steck, who served four congregations in this county, viz. : Jacob' s, 
 near the Maryland line, in Washington Township; Grindstone Hill, in Guilford 
 Township; Chambersburg and Scherer's, or Pleasant Hall, near Orrstown. He 
 continued pastor four years,, when he removed to Bedford, Penn. The last 
 year of his ministry in Franklin County, he resided in Chambersburg, and he 
 was doubtless the first Lutheran minister who resided here. He was succeed- 
 ed in the pastorate by the Rev. Anthony Ulrich Lutgen, of Greensburg, West- 
 moreland Co., Penn., who took charge in 1789, and remained pastor until 1794, 
 when failing health compelled him to resign. He died in 1796. His remains 
 repose beneath the present church edifice, and are marked by a marble slab, 
 placed in the floor of the lecture room, with an appropriate inscription. Be- 
 tween the years 1794 and 1802, the name of the pastor is in doubt. It may 
 have been the Rev. John Ruthrauff, who resided in or near Greenoastle, and 
 preached at Jacob's, Grindstone Hill, and at other points; but it is more prob- 
 able that Chambersburg during that time was connected with Scherer's, Ship- 
 
 26 
 
490 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 pensburg, and perhaps other places, lying north and west of ChamberBburg.. 
 Hence it is necessary to pass over seven or eight years, -without doing more, 
 than merely surmising as to the history of the congregation. 
 
 We are able to resume the thread of history definitely on the 1st of June, 
 1802, at which time the Kev. John Frederick MOller, of Frederick, Md. , took 
 charge of the pastorate and continued in the place until the autumn of 1829, 
 when owing to impaired health, he removed to Somerset, Ohio, where he died 
 in 1833, of a violent attack of apoplexy, aged about sixty years. Pastor 
 MoUer was bom in Graudentz, Prussia, on the 5th of March, 1773, and was 
 educated at the University of KOnigsberg. He came to America in 1799,. and 
 was settled over the pastorate at Frederick, for about two years, when he was 
 called to Chambersburg, where he was pastor for nearly twenty-eight years. 
 Until the close of his ministry here the services were conducted entirely in 
 German. 
 
 After a vacancy of nearly two years, Eev. Benjamin Kurtz, D. D., of 
 Hagerstown, Md., took charge of the pastorate on August 1, 1831. His 
 entrance upon the pastoral work, marks a new epoch in the history of thfr 
 congregation. By reason of the retention of the German language, and, con- 
 sequently, German methods also of carrying on the work of the church, its 
 growth and development had been greatly hindered, and the congregation was 
 in a languishing condition. Pastor Kurtz introduced English preaching, estab- 
 lished a Sunday-school, instituted prayer meetings, and earnestly labored to pro- 
 mote revivals of religic>n, and was a strenuous advocate of temperance. And 
 though on account of his earnest advocacy of these principles he was bitterly 
 persecuted, yet he was eminently successful in promoting the prosperity of 
 the church. During the first year of his ministry a remarkable revival of re- 
 ligion took place, which resulted in a large increase in the membership of the 
 church, among which were included many heads of families and prominent 
 citizens. By reason of failing health his labors were abruptly terminated be- 
 fore he had completed his second year. 
 
 He afterward became the editor of the Lutheran Observer, which position 
 he retained for nearly thirty years. He also founded the missionary institute 
 at Selins Grove, Penn. He died at Baltimore, Md. , on the 29th of December, 
 1865, aged about seventy years. His successor in the pastoral office was the- 
 Eev. John N. HofiPman of Taneytown, Md. , who took charge on the Ist of 
 September, 1833, and remained in the pastorate of this charge until Decem- 
 ber, 1842. He was succeeded in the beginning of 1843 by the Rev. Samuel 
 Sprecher of Martinsburg, Va. , who remained pastor until the beginning of 
 June, 1849, when he resigned, to accept the presidency of Wittenberg College, 
 located at Springfield, Ohio. His rdinistry was attended with large success, 
 interesting revivals of religion were held, and large and important accessions 
 were made to the church. 
 
 During the summer of 1849, the congregation called the Eev. James L. 
 Schock of Eeading, Penn. , to be its pastor. His connection with the church was 
 brief, covering only two years. He was called to the Church of St. James, in New 
 York. He was succeeded by Eev. W. F. Eyster on the let of October, 1851. 
 His pastorate extended over a period of about eight years. During his minis- 
 try the present chui-ch edifice was erected, in 1854. The next pastor was 
 Eev. Jacob Stock, who took charge in April, 1860, and remained pastor 
 until October 12, 1863. He was succeeded by Eev. F. W. Conrad, D. D. of 
 Lancaster, Penn., who remained in charge about two years and a half, when 
 he resigned, to become the editor ot the Lutheran Observer. Eev. J. A. Kunkle- 
 man was called to succeed him, and took charge on the 1st of January, 1867, 
 
BOEOUGH OF OHAMBERSBUEG, 491" 
 
 but his pastorate was very brief. He was called to the Lutheran Church at 
 Fort Wayne, Ind., and retired from the pastorate at Chambersburg on the 1st, 
 of September, 1867. Rev. Ii-ving Magee succeeded him on the 1st of Janu- 
 ary, 1868, and remained in the pastorate until February 1, 1869, a space of 
 thirteen months. The next pastor was Rev. L. A. Gotwald, who entered upoa 
 the duties of his pastorate on the 1st of August,, 1869, and remained in 
 charge until the 1st of March, 1874, a period of four years and seven months. 
 A vacancy of fourteen months and a half ensued, when Rev. A. Stewart Hart- 
 man, of St. Matthew's Lutheran Church of Brooklyn, N. Y.., took charge on 
 the loth of May, 1875. He is still in charge at the present time, November 
 15, 1886. The congregation is one of the largest in the Cumberland Valley, 
 and has always been prominent and influential in the Lutheran denomination' 
 Its present membership is over 500, with a Sunday-school of equal size. 
 
 The present church edifice is the third owned by the congregation, and 
 erected on the same site the first was built, as a Union Church, Reformed and 
 Lutheran, on land donated by Capt. Benjamin Chambers, on condition that he 
 should be given a rose each year, fi-om a bush grown upon the land, as a ren- 
 tal. This church was built during the pastorate of Rev. John Michael Steck,. 
 the second during the pastorate of Rev. Frederick MoHer, and the last, as al- 
 ready stated, during that of Rev. W. F. Eyster. 
 
 German Lutheran Congregation was organized on the 14th of Septem- 
 ber, 1839, by John Monath, Anton Hornung, George Hoffman, Adam Tri»tsk,, 
 Philip Pfeifer, G. L. Dillman, A. Hornung, P. Wendel, John Gottman, S. 
 Reiz, P. Dittman, L. Ebert, George Ludwig, L. Heist, and H. Bauer. The 
 house had been erected two years previous by a branch of the Zion Beformod 
 Congregation, at a cost of $2,400, but on account of debt it was closed for 
 nearly two years, when the present congregation secured it. A parsonage was 
 erected in 1883, costing $3,000. It enrolls 180 members. Annual expenses 
 about 1800. The pastors, from 1889 to 1886, have been as follows: R. 
 Clemens, J. H. Fischer, G. H. Brandan, G. M. Marz, C. Bauman, C. Schwan- 
 koosky, F. W. Naschold, C. Bauman (second time), M. Wolf, G. Roth, L. 
 Zuber, A. Berg, E. J. Nidecker, R. H. Clare and A. Kurz. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. — In 1793 Mr. Daniel Madeira and his wife,. 
 Ellen, moved to Chambersburg from Reisterstown, near Baltimore, Md:, 
 and lived on south side of Market Street, between Second and Third, in the- 
 house now occupied by Mrs. Dr. A. H. Senseney and child. In this house, itt 
 the above named year, the first Methodist meeting was held and the first sermon 
 was preached. The preacher who was the pioneer in this work was Rev. Charles 
 Burgoon, then stationed on the Frederick Circuit (1794-95) and subsequently 
 on the York Circuit (1796). The first meeting house, a log building, was 
 erected in 1799 on a lot deeded by John Madeira to whom it had been left 
 by Daniel Madeira lo Thomas Yeats, Joseph Brarely, Jacob Kern, and John 
 Walls, of Cumberland County, and David Huss, of Franklin County, trustees. 
 It stood on the south side of Queen Street, east of the railroad, and on the 
 southeast corner of the first alley from Queen to Washington Street. A burial 
 ground adjoined the church, in which the first interment was that of James- 
 Falkner. For some twelve years this house sufficed for the little congregation . 
 In March, 1802, Thomas Yeats, a trustee living at Shippensburg, moved to 
 Chambersburg and formed a class, consisting of himself and his wife Eliza- 
 beth, Daniel and Nancy Morrison, John Lloyd, Hannah Carver and Robert 
 Cadden. Mr. Yeats, licensed in his native country, Ireland, to preach, exer- 
 cised his office here. Leaving his farm in the country, he removed to town, 
 where he kept a dry goods and grocery store on Queen Street. His melancholy 
 
492 HISTOUY OF FllANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 •death occurred at the building of the Arcade in 1830. The ministers since 
 1794, when Chambersburg was made a part of the Carlisle circuit, just formed, 
 were: Charles Burgoon, 1794-97; Seeley Bunn, 1799; David Stevens and 
 Abraham Andrews, 1800; James Smith and John "Wells, 1801 ; R. R. Roberts, 
 1802; David Fidler, Joseph Stone and Nicholas Willis, 1803; Jacob Gruber 
 and Wm. Brandon, 1804; Solomon Harris and Leonard Cassel, 1805; James 
 Paynter and Joseph Carson, 1806; James Hunter and Jacob Dowell, 1807; 
 Robert Burch and Lasley Matthews, 1808; Robert Burch and Jacob Guest, 
 1809; James Reid and George Askins, 1810; Peter Beaver and Robert 
 Wilson, 1811. On the 25th pf October, 1809, an appeal in the form of 
 a subscription "to the liberal public," saying "the members of the 
 Methodist society, in and near Chambersburg, finding themselves iucon- 
 veaiently circumstanced for divine worship, by reason of the smallness of 
 their present meeting house, and distance thereof from the center of the 
 town, and considering it as closely connected with the good interests of 
 their fellow-citizens, that a building be erected in a more eligible part of the 
 borough, have resolved to make sale of their present house of worship, and to 
 apply the price thereof to the raising of another, on a lot ground lately pur- 
 chased for that purpose, adjoining the lot occupied at present by Dr. Sloan.. 
 * * Length, 45 feet; breadth, 35 feet; height, 18 feet." 
 
 The house was completed in 1811, and dedicated on the 8th of October, 
 Eev. Robert Wilson delivering the dedication sermon. In 1845, the congrega- 
 tion having increased so rapidly as to require it, the old house was torn down 
 and the present handsome structure erected in its stead. 
 
 A class register for June 17, 1806, reveals the names of the following 
 members under the leadership of Thomas Yeats and James Wright : Eliza- 
 beth Yeats, Daniel Morrison, Mary Allison, John Lloyd, Nancy Cypha, Mary 
 Brown, Kitty Burns, Richard Lewis, Elizabeth Brooks, Christiana Riblets, 
 Bttdolph Harley, Anii Yeats, Margaret Lowth, Sarah Carver, William John- 
 ston, Sarah Johnston, Nancy Johnston, William Robert "Yeats and Michael 
 Burns. 
 
 The following named have served as preachers since 1811: 1812, Rob- 
 ert Wilson; 1813, James Reid, George Askins; 1814, George Askins, N. B. 
 Mills; 1815, Robert Wilson, Thos. Larkins; 1816, Robert Wilson, George 
 Brown; 1817, Hamilton JefPerson; 1818, Hamilton Jefferson, Fred Steii-; 1819, 
 Caleb Reynolds, Fred Steir; 1820, Caleb Reynolds, Wm. Munroe; 1821, An- 
 drew Hemphill; 1822, Marmaduke Peirce; 1823, Robert S. Vinton; 1824-25, 
 John Bear; 1826, Joseph Rowan; 1827-28, William Prettyman; 1829-30, An- 
 drew Hemphill; 1831, Basil Barry; 1832, Joseph White; 1883-84, Tobias 
 Reilly; 1835-36, George Hildt; 1837-38, Richard Bond; 1839-40, JohnBowan; 
 1841, JaredH. Young; 1842-43, James Lauks; 1844^5, James H. Brown; 1846, 
 Thomas H. W. Munroe; 1847-48, E. R. Weitch; 1849, John Smith; 1850-51, 
 Robert M. Lipscomb; 1852-53, John M. Jones; 1854-55, John Guyer; 1856- 
 57, Philip R. Reese; 1858-59, Daniel Hartman; 1860-61, Wm. Harden; 
 1862, Wm. Brittain; 1863-64, Thomas Barnhart; 1865-67. S. H. C. Smith; 
 1868-69, Samuel Barns; 1870, E. W. Kirby; 1871, C. Little; 1872, Thomas 
 Reese; 1873, B. B. Hamlin; 1874, Francis Hodgson; 1875, J. A. Lippincott; 
 1876-78, W. G. Ferguson; J 878-80, G. W. Miller; 1880-83, Dr. D. S. Mon- 
 Jtoe; 1883-86, M. L. Ganoe; 1886, M. L. Smyser. 
 
 Statistics: Number of members, 510; one church, valued at 112,000; one 
 chapel, valued at $2,000; one parsonage, valued at $3,000; Sunday-schools, 
 2; officers and teachers, 63; scholars, 520. Benevolent contributions last year; 
 For missions, $1,067; other causes, $250; total, $1,317. Annual expenses, 
 5ieluding ministerial support, $2,600. 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 493. 
 
 The Second Methodist Congregation was organized in September, ISC^, with 
 about three- fourths of a dozen of members. They leased the ground whereoa 
 had so long stood the house of worship of the "United Presbyterians, and which 
 was burned by the rebels under McCausland, and built a comfortable frame 
 edifice. Their mimbers increasing with their zeal, they bought a lot on the 
 northeast corner of Second and King, known from time immemorial as the Gross 
 lot, occupied by a family of that name found in the annals of the borough as 
 hunters and fishermen, and put up a substantial and attractive church and 
 parsonage in the summer of 1875. The order of their ministers is as follows 
 Eev. Francis Dyson, frojn September, 1869 to April, 1870; John Donahoo^ 
 1870; A. D. Yocum, 1871; A. M. Kesler, 1872; William C. Robbins, 
 1873-74-75. The congregation was finally disbanded, and the house sold to 
 the United Brethren Church. 
 
 Zion's Reformed Church. — This congregation was organized in 1784 or 
 1785, by Bev. Jacob Weymer, in the house then occupied by Nicholas Snider, 
 near the Diamond. At the time its charter was received, March 24, 1819, the 
 following members constituted it: Godfrey Greenawalt, Christian Etter, Jacob 
 lEeyser, Jacob Snider, Christian Wolf, John Stump, Abraham Keefer, Sr.,. 
 Benjamin Keefer, John Swartz, Barnard Wolff, William Heyser, Henry Smith, 
 S. Saimy,Daniel Smith, Christian Smee, S. Faber, Henry Keiler and John Whit- 
 more. The present excellent house was built in 1811, and remodeled in 1883-84. 
 Its first Sunday-school was organized in 1880. The congregation has a mem- 
 bership of 350, and incurs, for all purposes, an annual expense of about 
 $1,700. Its condition is a prosperous one. 
 
 The following is its line of pastors: Rev. Jacob Weymer organized the 
 congregation in 1784 or 1785, and was the first regular pastor, but remained 
 such for a short time only. Rev. John Christopher Paber was his successor, 
 at what date is not known. He preached his farewell sermon in the spring of 
 
 1789. Rev. Leitzel next supplied the pulpit for a short period. He is 
 
 supposed to have been connected with the Lutheran Church. Rev. Philip 
 Stock was his successor, at what date is not known, probably in 1791, as he 
 was pastor of the congregation at York, Penn., in 1790, for a short time. He 
 continued pastor here for some years, as he had a student (Rev. John Brown,. 
 D. D.,) from 1798 to 1801. At what time he resigned is not known. Rev. 
 James Hoffman became pastor in 1807, and remained such until 1818. Rev. 
 Frederick Rahauser became pastor in April, 1819, and remained until. April, 
 1833. Rev. Hamilton VanDyke was associate pastor, preaching English part 
 of the year 1833. Rev. Henry L. Rice became pastor in May, 1834;. died May 
 3, 1837. Rev. Jacob Helfenstine became pastor in October, 1838, and con- 
 tinued to April 1, 1842. Rev. W. Wilson Bonnel became pastor May 6, 1842,. 
 and continued to September 18, 1845. Rev. Alfred Nevin, D. D. , became 
 pastor in November, 1845, and continued to March 1, 1852. Rev. Samuel U 
 Callender, D. D., became pastor September 1, 1852, and continued toOctofe-er 
 15, 1856. Rev. Samuel Philips became pastor January 11, 1857, and conttki- 
 aed to April 28, 1861. Rev. B. Bausman, D. D., became pastor November 1,. 
 1861, and continued to November 1, 1863. Rev. P. S. Davis, D. D., becaiae 
 pastor May 1, 1864, and continued to January 1, 1875. Rev. W. C. Cr&mer 
 became pastor November 1, 1876, and is present incumbent. 
 
 St. John's Reformed Church, East Market Street. — About the year 1848 
 there was a division in the German Lutheran congregation on East Wash- 
 ington Street. Chambersburg. A part remained where they were, while the 
 othfers erected what is now kno-^m as St. John's Reformed Church, on East 
 Market Street. The congregation remained Lutheran for about ten years 
 
494 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 then, having become too weak to call a pastor, they prevailed on Rev. B. S. 
 Schneck, D. D., who was a resident here, to serve them, and the church 
 became reformed from that time on. The early records of the congregation 
 •were all burned with Dr. Schneck' s library during the war, so that there 
 is no record in existence of the first members and officers. Dr. Schneck 
 served the congregation until his death in 1874. Then the congregation 
 <called Eev. H. Hanhart, now of Cincinnati, who remained about two 
 ;years. He was succeeded by Rev. 0. Gundlach, who rfemained three 
 _years. Prom that time on until the summer of the present year (1886), the 
 congregation was supplied by Rev. W. C. Cremer, pastor of Zipn's Reformed 
 Church. Up to this time the congregation had been wholly German, but as 
 there was scarcely any German immigration to Chambersburg, and as the 
 young people were all receiving an English education, it became apparent 
 that the congregation could not survive unless English services were intro- 
 iduced. To this end application was made to Mercersburg Classis, to which the 
 ■congregation belongs. Classis granted the request, and the following 
 ■arrangement was made: Every alternate Sunday morning service was to be 
 •German, all other preaching services English; the Sunday-school to be con- 
 ducted in English, with room for German classes; in the prayer meeting 
 members were to have the privilege of praying in the language they preferred. 
 Under this arrangement Classis promised financial aid, and the congregation 
 •called Rev. M. Z. Hittel as pastor. He began his work on October 1, 1886. 
 At present the congregation numbers about sixty members. 
 
 First United Brethren Church. — As early as 1818 preaching was done at 
 the house of Jacob Braizer, by three German local preachers, viz. : Samuel 
 Huber, John Crider, and Jacob Wingerd. About the same time John Oakes 
 moved to town, and opened his house for preaching. At his house the congre- 
 gation, consisting of eighteen members, was organized in 1823, by the Rev. 
 Samuel Huber. Among the charter members were Samuel Huber, John Oakes, 
 Catherine Oakes, Margaret Jarret, Jacob Glosser, Jacob Bigler, Jacob Braizer, 
 Henry Flinder, Elizabeth Melinger, Harriet Jarret, David Oakes, John Oakes, 
 Jr., George Oakes, Mary Hutz, Frederick Glosser, Mary Croft and others. 
 The first house was erected through the labors of Samuel Huber, who 
 made a personal canvass for aid in 1823; the second in 1852 during the labors 
 •of Rev. John Dickson; the third or present, in 1882, dui-ing the pastorate of 
 Rev. J. P. Miller, at a cost of 110,000. In 1871, over 100 members with- 
 drew and formed the King Street congregation. Present membership, 400. 
 -Sunday-school was organized in 1842. The following is the roster 
 of preachers: 1823-24, Rev. John Brown; 1824-25, Simon Dresbach 
 and William Brown; 1826-27, Gideon Smith and John Zohn; 1828-29, 
 •Jacob Erb, and Jacob Wieman; 1830-31, John Krock, and John 
 Hendricks; 1832, Frederick Gilbert; 1833, George Gilbert and Enoch Hoff- 
 man; 1834, J. Bingerand Joseph Hershey; 1835-36, Jacob Bitter and John 
 Debalt:; 1837-38, John Fohl and Jacob Kessler ; 1839-40, Rev. John Fohl; 1841- 
 42, Jacob Rhinehart of Virginia conference ; 1843-45, George Miller, of AUe- 
 •gheny Conference; 1846, John Fohl; 1847-48, Alexander Owens; 1849-50, John 
 W. Boaewell; 1851-53, John Dickson; 1854-56, Z. A. Colestock; 1857-59, 
 W. B. Raber; 1860-61, Z A. Colestock; 1862-65, John Dickson; 1866-68, 
 H. Y. Hummelbaugh, (Mr. H. died October, 1868. and Rev. J. M. Bishop sup- 
 plied the congregation until meeting of conference, in February, 1869): 1869, 
 ilev. J. G. Schaff; 1870-72, W. T. Lower; 1873-74, B. G. Huber; 1875-77, 
 H. A. Sohlichter; 1878, D. W. Proffitt; 1879-81, S. A. Mowers; 1882-87, 
 -T. P. Miller. 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBURG. 495 
 
 King Street Church, United Brethren in Christ. — During the year 1876 
 there arose difficulties in the United Brethren Church of Chambersburg 
 located on South Second Street, growing out of the failure of the pastor to 
 enforce the rule of the discipline of the church in regard to secret societies 
 The result of these differences (which also led to others) was that quite a 
 number of the membership did not worship with the rest of the congregation 
 during the year 1877; but they held services (on Sunday afternoons) in a 
 private house on East Broad Street. Appeals were taken to the annual con- 
 ference of 1877, which met at Baltimore, Md., and the conference of 1878, at 
 York, Penn., and also to the general conference held in Westfield, 111., 1877 
 and the general conference held at Lisbon, Iowa, 1881. The committee of 
 the TVestlield General Conference, to whom the appeal was refen-ed, report- 
 ed as follows: " That there have been some irregularities in the proceedings 
 of the Chambersburg Quarterly Conference, and in the rulings made at its 
 sessions, by which the rights of some parties have been prejudiced; but your 
 committee is of the opinion that this body has no jurisdiction in the case." 
 This general conference referred the whole matter back to the annual confer- 
 ence. Daring the month of March, 1878, after the session of annual conference, 
 held in York, Penn., the people, seeing that there was no redress of theii- 
 grievances to be had from the powers that were, determined to have a house 
 of their own where they could worship together in peace. Accordingly 
 during the month of April following they bought the church building on the 
 northeast corner of Second and King Streets from the Second Congregation 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which they took possession on the 
 5th of May following. There were 100 members from the old church who 
 united to worship. From the time that they began to worship in the 
 private house on Broad Street, in 1877, until October, 1882, they 
 were served by the following ministers who held local relations in 
 the United Brethren Church: J. M. Bishop, J. Fohl, J. Fetterhoff, and A. 
 Bickley. From October, 1882, to April, 1884, they were served by Eev. W. O. 
 Tobey, of the Central Illinois Conference. From April, 1884, until the pres- 
 «nt time, Eev. M. F. Keiter, of the Virginia Annual Conference has served as 
 pastor. The church edifice has cost them about 16,000. During the past 
 summer they have erected a parsonage on South Second Street, at a cost of 
 about 12,300. Their annual expenses are about $850. Their original member- 
 ship from the old church, as seen above, was 100, and their present membership 
 is 200. As a church they stand by Section 7, Article II, of the constitution of 
 the United Brethren in Christ, which says, ' ' There shall be no connection with 
 secret combinations," and the rules of discipline in harmony therewith. In 
 consequence of this position they do not hold a very popular place in the com- 
 munity where secret societies seem to be so very popular. They now stand 
 independent of any annual and the General Conference of the church at large, 
 and what the result of the agitation over church questions in the United 
 Brethren Church will be, and what benefits, if any, will accrue to them there- 
 from, remains yet to be seen. They also have a Sabbath-school with an aver- 
 age attendance, during the last six months, of 155. 
 
 Corpus Christi Catholic Church* — There is a tradition that a Catholic 
 Church existed in Chambersburg as early as 1785 or 1787, but its truth has 
 never been verified: The lot on which the present edifice stands was bought 
 from Thomas Hartley, Esq. , in 1792, in which year the first structure, a log 
 building, 25x40 and 12 to 15 feet high, was built. It had three oblong 
 windows on each side, and, according to the prevailing custom, the door was at 
 
 *From facta furnished by F. X. DeckellDiayer. 
 
4'jO histoby of feanklin county. 
 
 the western end of the building, and the altar at the eastern, compelling the 
 audience to pass from the street to the opposite end of the building to enter it, 
 and thus face eastward. The priest at the time was Rev. Dennis Cahill, a 
 m^n of considerable distinction. He was succeeded by Eevs. Duhamel, 
 I illon, Prince, Galitzan and Dietrich. Rev. Fillon is said to have resided 
 at Chambersburg for a short time and taught school in a log house whose site 
 was that of the warehouse of Grier Bros. These attended at intervals of four 
 or more weeks. 
 
 About 1806, Rev. Nicholas Zachary, from Taney town, Md. , became pastor 
 and continued till about 1820, attending once a month. In 1812, he built the 
 present substantial church whose front is a marvel of stone masonry. Its 
 front on Second Street is 45 and depth 60 feet. The log building which it re- 
 placed was sold to the Colored Methodists, who removed it to Kerrstown, and 
 used it till 1860. In 1818, the church was incorporated with the following 
 trustees: Rev. Nicholas Zachary, Patrick Campbell, Thomas Murray, John 
 Devine, Patrick Brown, Richard Heyden and George Garlin. Owing t» 
 financial pressure, 32 feet of the original lot was sold conditionally. About 
 1820, Rev. Kerns became the first resident pastor, and conducted services 
 twice a month, the remaining time being given to Waynesboro and Path Valley, 
 mission points. He was succeeded in 1825 or 1826, by Rev. Ferdinand Mc- 
 Cusker, who continued until 1834. In December, 1828, during his pastorate, 
 the church organ was bought in Philadelphia, through the instrumentality of 
 the late Archbishop Hughes, of New York, who, on account of his parents, 
 brothers and sisters living in Chambersburg, took great interest in the matter. 
 This instrument, the first used in Chambersburg, was built by Longman & Co., 
 of London, and was brought to Philadelphia by Father Creaton, an English- 
 man, and used in St, Joseph' s Church as early as 1748. During the Revolu- 
 tionary war its sweet tones were heard bv many distinguished of&cers, Ameri- 
 can and foreign. 
 
 Following MeCusker, Rev. Thomas Hayden, an excellent man, preached 
 about three years, being succeeded in 1837 by Rev. Patrick RafPerty. After 
 eleven months. Rev. Mr. Barges, a German and English student, came, during 
 whose term the pastor' s house was erected. The other pastors in succession 
 were Revs. Mr. Loughran (1839), James Miller (1839-42), Father Nugent 
 (1843), Basil Sharb (1844), Lane, William O'Hara (1844), Schraudenback 
 (1846), Richard O'Connor (1847), Leavitts, Hugh McMacken (1848), M. A. M. 
 Wirtzfield (1849-51), Dr. Lightner (1851-53), John Dougherty (1853-55), 
 McDonough, Barrett, Linden, Kelley, A. Miller (1857-60); McKee, (1860-63) 
 (during his pastorate important changes and additions were made to the 
 house. He entered the army as chaplam. ) McCuUum (1863-64), Gerteman 
 (1864-66), Mullen, Coxe (1866-69). 
 
 In 1866 Chambersburg was placed under the diocese of Harrisburg. Rev. 
 Field was first pastor, Coxe retiring; Stenzel, 1870-71; Botzker, 1871-75, 
 dni-ing whose office important changes occurred — weekly services were es- 
 tablished; Rev. T. J. Fleming, 1875-82, made repairs and ' paid off much 
 debt. Father Schlatter has been pastor since 1882. The congregation is out 
 oi debt. Membership, 350; condition prosperous. 
 
 Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church. — Occasional services of the Episco- 
 pal Church were held in Chambersburg previous to the year 1868. The first 
 settled minister was th,e Rev. Wm. George Hawkins, whose term of service 
 extended from February, 1868, to September, 1873. During his ministry the 
 parish was organized and admitted into, union with the convention of the 
 diocese, in May, 1869. The corner-stone of the present church edifice was 
 
BOEOWJH OF CHAMBEBSBUBG. 499 
 
 laid July 6, 1870, and the building completed and occupied in 1872. The 
 Sunday-school building in the rear of the church was also erected during 
 the time of Mr. Hawkins' rectorship. The rectors since have been the 
 Eev. John Collins McCabe, D. D., who served from November, 1873, until 
 his^death, Februaiy 27, 1875; the Rev. Henry C. Swentzel, from August, 
 1875, to July, 1881; the Rev. George C. Hall, from October, 1881, to March, 
 1884; the Eev. V. Hummel Bergham, from October, 1884, to the present time. 
 The present number of communicants is 40; scholars in the Sunday-school 
 about 45, and the annual expenditures for all purposes about $1,000. The 
 estimated value of the property is about $11,000.' 
 
 Church of God. — This organization established its work in the year 1858 
 by purchasing, through the agency of the East Pennsylvania eldership, a 
 house of worship begun, but not completed, by the Baptists. This purchase 
 occurred April 9, the sum paid being 11,928.08. It was dedicated the 29th 
 of the following September; destroyed by the rebels in 1864. The house 
 was rebuilt in 1866 at a cost of $6,499.55. The membership, at present, is up- 
 ward of 80. The following is the list of pastors or preachers who have served it : 
 Eevs. G. U. Ham, D. A. L. Laverty, B. F. Beck, A. H. Long, 0. H. Forney, J. 
 Hunter, D. Townsend, W. H. Englar, J. B. Soule, J. W. Miller, J. M. Car- 
 veil, J. B. Lockwood, I. S. Richmond, G. L. Cowen, S. W. NaUl, W. J. D. 
 Edwards, C. D. Eishel and J. H. Martin, the last being the present incumbent. 
 
 Colored Churches. —The first congregation of colored people was organized 
 in 1811. In 1812 they purchased the log building which was used until that 
 time as a Catholic Church, and moved it to a lot in Kerrstown. In this they 
 worshiped as a Methodist Episcopal congregation until 1872, when it was 
 torn down and the present brick building was erected and dedicated to the 
 worship of God by the African Methodist Episcopal Bethel congregation. In 
 1845 a division occurred in the Kerrstown congregation, and the seceding 
 branch built a log church on West German Street. The first church was built 
 of a log stable purchased from Jacob Heck, Esq. , and served the congregation 
 until 1872, when, emulating the example of their Kerrstown brethren, they tore 
 it down and erected the present brick building which was dedicated to the 
 worship of God by the African Methodist Episcopal Zion congregation. 
 
 The first Sunday-school in Chambersburg was a union school intended 
 for all denominations. It was established by Mr. Samuel Blood and Mr. 
 James B. Ross, of Philadelphia, on the third Sabbath of August, A. D., 1816, 
 in the old academy, in the rear of the ground where the Chambersburg 
 Academy now standi. It was only one story high, and divided into two rooms, 
 in one of which Mr. Samuel Blood was teacher at that time. The Sabbath that 
 the school opened, there were nearly 100 children and only two teachers, Mr. S. 
 Blood and Mr. J. B. Ross. On the second Sabbath there came an additional 
 number of nearly 100, making in all 190 children, aadallto be managed by two 
 men, and they both veiy young. It continued in this manner for a few Sab- 
 baths, when several ladies, among whom were Eleanor Calhoun, Eliza Riddle, 
 Mary Purviance, Elizabeth Ross and several others, wishing to lay a helping 
 hand to the good work, offered to take charge of the female inembers. Then 
 the school was divided in two parts, under the same roof, one for each sex. 
 One day Mr. Smith Findlay, son of Gov. Pindlay, was standing at his door when 
 several colored children from the Sabbath-school passed. Attractiag hi» 
 attention, he asked where they had been. They replied at the new Sunday- 
 school in the academy. Mr. Findlay resolved to go to see this new, and to him 
 unheard-of, Sunday-school. Accordingly, he went next Sabbath and took 
 charge of a class, becoming a very worthy teacher. The union school was. 
 subsequently divided into six or eight different schools. 
 
500 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN dOUNTY. 
 
 THE CEDAK GKOVE CEMETEHY. 
 
 The grounds of this cemetery were opened for interments in the fall of 1854. 
 The first body buried there was that of Mrs. Jane Snider, wife of Geo. W. 
 Snider, November 3, 1854. The next burial was the re-interment of the body 
 of Alfred M. Smith, Esq., long connected with the public press of this 
 place, and perhaps the most brilliant literary genius ever born in Chambers- 
 burg. Mr. Andrew Eiker, superintendent of Cedar Grove Cemetery, has 
 buried 1763 persons during the past nineteen years as follows: 1868, 58; 
 1869, 57; 1870, 86; 1871, 86; 1872, 74; 1873, 90; 1874, 107; 1875, 110; 
 1876, 101; 1877, 90; 1878, 80; 1879, 81; 1880, 105; 1881, 112; 1882, 94; 
 1883, 114; 1884, 90; 1885, 98; 1886, 130. There were more burials last 
 year than during any other in the history of the cemetery. Mr. Eiker, the 
 very efficient superintendent of the cemetery, has just entered upon his twen- 
 tieth year as superintendent. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL. 
 
 Education received early attention in Chambersburg. The private school 
 first, then academy, and finally the public school and college was the order 
 of development. In one of the numbers of the Western Advertiser and Cham- 
 bersburg Weekly Newspaper for February, 1793, published by William Davi- 
 son, appears the following advertisement: 
 
 A Orammar School. 
 
 The friends of literature in Franklin and the neighboring Counties are informed that 
 James Ross, if suitably encouraged, will open a Grammar School in Chambersburg about 
 the beginning of April next. Those who are desirous to favour this undertaking are 
 requested as speedily as possible to call and Subscribe, or send their names to John Cal- 
 houn, in whose hand the subscription paper will be placed. 
 
 It is expected from the long tried and well-known abilities of the teacher, that gener- 
 ous encouragement will be given lo this institution, which promises to be the foundation 
 of a permanent seminary of learning in this place. 
 
 Chambbksburg, 20th February, 1793. 
 
 James Ross was a native of Delaware, and professor of languages in the 
 first faculty of Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Penn. , which was organized in 
 1784. He came to Chambersburg, agreeably to his announcement, in 1793. 
 The exact length of time he remained here cannot now be ascertained, in conse- 
 quence of the destruction of the records of the academy, by rebel incendiarism. 
 He removed from Chambersburg to Lancaster, about the year 1800, and re- 
 opened his school. Finally, he went to Philadelphia, an(J was in that city in 
 1812, for, in the fourth edition of his Latin grammar, published in that year, 
 he styles himself ' ' professor of the Latin and Greek languages. North Fourth 
 Street, Philadelphia." Mr. Eoss published, while in Chambersburg, the 
 first edition of "Ross' Latin Grammar," a work which was the most popular 
 text book of its kind of that day, and had a very wide circulation and reputa- 
 tion. It was very cordially recommended and used by such eminent scholars 
 as Dr. Henry Muhlenburg, Drs. C. L. Becker, James P. Wilson and Ashbel 
 Green, as well as many others equally distinguished. Among his pupils in 
 Philadelphia .was that eminent divine and scholar, Rev. James W. Alexander, 
 D. D. , of Princeton College, who was accustomed to speak in the most enthu- 
 siastic terms of the fine classical attainments of his teacher. Dr. Alexander 
 was a favorite pupil of Mr. Ross, who was accustomed to call him "Alexander 
 Magnus," in facetious allusion to his rather diminutive stature. 
 
 Mr. Ross also published several other small works for the purpose of aid- 
 ing the student in acquiring a knowledge of the Latin tongue. He was in the 
 habit, as a pastime, of writing Latin poetiy and epitaphs, and made an admir- 
 
BOEOUGH OP OHAMBEESBUKG. 601 
 
 able translation of the "Westminster Shorter Catechism," in that language. 
 Mr. Eoss was a close Bible student, and always read the New Testament in the 
 original Greek, and his copy gave evidence of frequent and careful study, its 
 margins being closely covered with acute critical annotations. Mr. Eoss died 
 in Philadelphia, on the 6th of July, 1827, aged eighty-four years. He was 
 buried in the grave-yard of the old Eanstead Court Church, but when the 
 property was sold, his remains were taken to Carlisle for re-interment. 
 
 SuflBicient encouragement having been given, the new school of Mr. Eoss 
 was opened, tradition says, in a small log house on West Queen Street, not 
 far from its junction with Water Street, on the north side. Here it remained 
 for the next four or five years. Meanwhile, Capt. Benjamin Chambers, with 
 that enlightened liberality which ever distinguished him, gave, in 1796, two 
 lots of ground upon which to build a permanent school. He also took an 
 active part in establishing and placing the new school on a solid foundation. 
 A charter for the academy was granted by the State of Pennsylvania, dated 
 August 23, 1797, and a substantial, though small, brick schoolhouse, was 
 sooQ afterward erected. The trustees designated in the charter were James 
 Eiddle, Capt. Benjamin Chambers, Edward Crawford, William M. Brown, 
 John Colhoun, Christian Wolff, Samuel Eiddle, George Hetich, Nicholas 
 Clopper, John Brown, Christian Oyster and Patrick Campbell. The building 
 being finished, James Eoss removed his grammar school, into it, and thus 
 completed the organization of the Chambersburg Academy. The original 
 building at first answered sufficiently well for the comparatively small number 
 of scholars which comprised the school. In the course of time, however, the 
 population of the town increasing, a larger and more commodious building was 
 required for the growing number of students. The old house was, therefore, 
 removed in the year 1825, and a large, handsome and convenient edifice 
 erected in its stead. This second building was destroyed by fire in July, 1864, 
 by the rebel horde under McCausland. Pour years later, the academy was 
 rebuilt and greatly remodeled, and, in all the conveniences of an institution 
 of learning, it has few superiors. Among its principals were James Eoss, Eev. 
 D. V. McLean, Eev. S. W. Crawford, Eev. David Denny, Samuel Blood and 
 William Van Lear Davis. These were succeeded by Dr. J. H. Shumaker, an 
 instructor and manager of great ability, and Prof. Alexander, the present in- 
 cumbent. 
 
 In the Repositary of April 12, 1814, Mrs. Catherine Durang, lately from 
 Philadelphia, informs the ladies of Chambersburg and vicinity, that she has 
 received a fresh supply of millinery goods at her dwelling in the George Cook 
 building, next door to John Shryock, and that she had secured the services of 
 a gentleman to conduct a school in connection, he instructing in writing, arith- 
 metic, geography and other sciences, while she gave lessons in embroidery and 
 needle-work. This, it seems, was the embryo of an industrial school, the first 
 in the town. 
 
 July 11, 1815, John Eiddle and Joseph Parks announce the opening of the 
 " Chambersburg Union School," pupils being " accommodated with boarding 
 on moderate terms by either of the subscribers." This was evidently a pri- 
 vate school under a union name. Schools for dancing, writing, etc. , were held 
 at various times by A. Bonaffon and T. M. Fitzgerald, from 1817 to 1819. 
 Thus the work continued, until, without attempting to trace the intervemng 
 steps, the present school system was developed. 
 
 Schoolhouses.—Uhe Chambersbiu^g School District owns four first-class 
 brick buildings and rents a second-class frame building. 
 
 The King Street Schoolhouse, built in 1857, is three stories high and con- 
 tains nine school-rooms and foir recitation-rooms, in which thirteen teachers 
 
502 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 are employed. Tbe grades are two first primary, one for each sex; two sec- 
 ond primary, one for each sex; two intermediate (two teachers each), one for 
 each sex; one first grammar for boys, two teachers; one second grammar for 
 boys, and one high school for boys. There are 185 girls and 344 boys in this 
 building. Cost of lot, building and furniture, $20,000. 
 
 The Washington Street Schoolhouse was built in 1877, and contains six 
 principal, and two recitation-rooms. The pupils are all girls, and number 344. 
 The schools are graded as follows: one first primary; one intermediate, two 
 teachers; two first grammar; one second grammar, and one high school. Cost 
 of lot, building and furniture, $11,500. 
 
 The "West German Street Schoolhouse was erected in 1874, and contains 
 four rooms. The scholars are all colored, and consist of 100 boys and 87 
 girls, graded as first primary, second primary, intermediate and grammar. 
 All scholars who pass examination in the higher grade in this building are then 
 transferred to the high schools. Cost of lot, building and furniture, $5, 300. 
 
 The East German Street Schoolhouse was built in 1885, and contains four 
 rooms, which accommodate 231 pupils — 110 boys and 121 girls — in the follow- 
 ing grades: two fiist primary, one for each sex; one second primary for girls, 
 and one intermediate for boys. Cost of lot, b'lilding and furniture, $5,900. 
 
 The rented building, on the corner of Washington and Water Streets, is 
 two stories high, and contains a first and second primary for boys, 127 in 
 number. 
 
 On account of the crowded condition of the primary schools, the school 
 board has decided to purchase a lot of ground, upon which to erect another 
 school building, something similar to those on German Street. 
 
 The school board of the district for the school year commencing June 1, 
 1880, is composed as follows: First Ward — John A. Seiders, William D. Guth- 
 rie, Charles S. Hull. Second Ward — Jacob N. Snider, Dr. John P. Seibert, 
 James A. McKnight. Third Ward— W. Eush Gillan, W. H. H. Mackey, Sam 
 uel Monath.' Fourth Ward— Charles H. Cressler, Henry S. Gilbert, John D. 
 Brenner. . President, Jacob N. Snider; secretary, John A. Seiders; treasurer, 
 Charles H. Cressler. The amount appropriated by the State to the Chambers- 
 burg School District for the year commencing June 1, 1886, was $1,689.16, 
 and the amount of the tax duplicate for the same year, $16,763.40. State ap- 
 propriates and tax for 1835, $426.22; for 1886, $18,452.56. 
 
 The Act of Assembly establishing the office of borough superintendent, was 
 passed in 1867, biit its provisions were not accepted by the Chambersburg 
 School District until June, 1884, and on the 26th of that month. Prof. Wm. 
 H. H. Hockenberry, then principal of the male high school, was elected to that 
 position for the period of three years, at a salary of $800. 
 
 The following is a synopsis of the monthly report of the borough super- 
 intendent, W. H. Hockenberry, for October, 1886: Number of male pupils, 
 667: female pupils, 719; number in high schools, 81; in grammar schools, 
 296; in the intermediate schools, 297; in the second primary schools, 272; in 
 the first primary schools, 444; average per cent of deportment, 89; average 
 per cent of progress, 87; average per cent of attendance, 90; number of 
 scholars not absent from any session, 506; number of scholars not tardy, 903; 
 visits by school officers and patrons, 86; hours spent in school by officers and 
 patrons, 115. 
 
 Wilson Female College.—For some years prior to 1870 various ministera 
 and laymen of the Presbytery of Carlisle had expressed a desire for an institu- 
 tion abreast of the age and devoted to higher female education under Christian 
 auspices. It was resolved among them at some informal conferences to locate 
 It m the Cumberland Valley, at whatever point presented most advantages and 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBEKSBURG. 503 
 
 offered most help ■ to the proposed college; for the plan to make it a college and 
 of full standing as such, and not merely a seminary, was the desire of those 
 seeking to found it. Various good seminaries did then, as now, exist in the 
 State, but no female college in connection with the Presbyterian Church. 
 Carlisle and Chambersburg seemed to be the competing points, but a gift of 
 $30,000 from Miss Sarah Wilson, residing near Chambersburg, was the prin- 
 cipal thing leading to a decision in favor of the latter town, in connection with 
 the favorable location of the town, situated as it is near the center of the entire 
 valley, the more southern portion of which, beyond the Potomac, is known as 
 the Shenandoah Valley, famous in the civil war. 
 
 About the same time an opportunity occurred for a purchase near Cham- 
 bersburg, which in its favorable terms was almost equal in itself to a gift. 
 Alexander K. McClure, Esq., now (1887) of Philadelphia, had erected, just 
 north of Chambersburg, a palatial residence on which he had spent 135,000, 
 but owing to certain reverses he had to part with his ideal and magnifi- 
 cent structure. This, with the large farm surrounding it, was purchased for 
 the intended college and then the surplus land was sold off, about thirty acres 
 being reserved for college use. Of course other gifts were needed and were 
 received for the work and for the extension of the buildings. Thomas A. 
 Scott, Esq., then (1869) of Philadelphia, gave 120,000. Thomas B. Kennedy, 
 Esq., and many other Chambersburgers and residents of the valley, both men 
 and women, subscribed in fair proportions and gave, also, both interest and 
 labor to the new work. Among these were many excellent clergymen, one of 
 the various earnest workers being Eev. I. N. Hays, D. D. , now of Allegheny, Pa. 
 
 It was judged best, even by the clerical friends of the enterprise, that the col- 
 lege should have its own separate board of trustees, and accordingly ''a charter 
 passed by both houses of the Pennsylvania Legislature and approved March 
 24, 1869, by Hon. John W. Geary, then governor of the State, put the college 
 into corporate existence, with power to grant any degrees granted by any col- 
 lege or university in the United States, and with a board of eighteen trustees and 
 a limit of twenty-nine, a majority to be always Presbyterian ministers holding 
 the Westminster Confession, and two-thirds to be Pennsylvania citizens. 
 While holding these points the board has invariably been liberal, having always 
 had many laymen in it, and having other States and other denominations al- 
 ways represented in its membership, and requiring from its pupils who were 
 not Presbyterians that they attend at their own church, if such church existed 
 in the town or unless parents wished otherwise. 
 
 The college started its work in the fall of 1870 in the handsome building 
 originally belonging to the McClure estate, and in a 120,000 extension put to it, 
 of 106 by 35 feet and of four and one-half stories high. To this another extension 
 of 40 by 35 feet has now (1886) been added, to accommodate the late continual 
 increase of pupils. With the new gymnasium building, finished in 1877, the 
 value of college buildings and grounds is now about 180,000, and, as about 
 1875-76, nearly $20,000 was held as endowment, the gifts,' etc. to the found- 
 ing of the college may be valued at $100, 000. For a few years say, 1876 
 1877 and 1878, the management of the college exceeded its income, and 
 changed the endowment held into about that amount of debt. For several 
 years prior to the present time (1887) this condition of things has been re- 
 versed, and with releases, mainly from certain liberal-minded, trustees, in con- 
 nection with other gifts and payments of certain mortgages, the claims against 
 the college are but half what they were some years ago. In 1883 the town, 
 with some help from elsewhere, raised $3,000, and prevented the college from 
 passing into other hands, the friends of the college having hopes that before 
 many years Presbyterian men aid women of means would have the same in- 
 
504 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 terest in, and be as liberal to the cause of higher Christian female educatioa, 
 as to the education of young men. Of the original trustees of the college, 
 W. L. Fletcher, Esq., T. B. Kennedy, Esq., and Kev. J. A. Crawford, D. D.^ 
 of Chambersburg, Eev. Wm. A. West, of Harrisburg, W. D. McKinstry, Esq., 
 of Mercersburg, J. C. McLanahan, Esq., of Greencastle, W. S. Amberson, 
 Esq., of Waynesboro, with Eev. C. P. Wing, D. D., of Carlisle as president, 
 still continue on the board with the addition of many worthy members both lay 
 and clerical. The college opened, as first catalogue* (1870-71) records, with 
 Eev. Tryon Edwards, D. D., as president, but in the next year' s catalogue Eev. 
 Jas. W. Wightman, as vice-president, stands at the head of a well chosen fac- 
 ulty. In the third (yearly) catalogue, Eev. Jas. F. Kennedy, D. D., takes the 
 position previously held by Rev. Mr. Wightman, and holds it in the fourth and 
 fifth year catalogues. In the sixth (1875-76) Eev. W. T. Wylie heads the fac- 
 ulty as president elect, and as president in the seventh and eighth. In the 
 ninth, tenth and eleventh annual catalogues, Eev. T. H. Eobinson, D. D. , now 
 of Allegheny Theological Seminary, holds the position of president, with Miss 
 Abby P. Goodsell, now of Vassar, as lady principal, f In the twelfth and 
 thirteenth years of the college (fall of 1881-83) J. C. Caldwell, D.D., is presi- 
 dent, and from that time to the present(1887) Eev. John Edgar, Ph. D. 
 
 The highest ranking of the pupils who entered in that first year was as 
 sophomores, and so of course none graduated in the fall of 1871, and none in 
 1872. A first senior class graduated in 1873, and the three years following 
 saw thirty added to that number. The present senior class (1887) numbers 
 nine, each class behind it probably doubling on the one preceding it, and the whole 
 college numbering 125. This numbering of graduates who take a B. A. de- 
 gree, does not however include the many who graduate in music with the B. 
 M. degree, nor the many who finish in art, or in the shorter courses of study, 
 which for a few years prevailed in the college curriculum. The college work 
 is of the same type as that in the higher male colleges of the land, and the 
 college presents a, strong faculty in its various departments, and one which is 
 increasing in numbers with the constant increase in the number of the pupils, 
 and in the continued enlargement of the buildings. The college runs at a low 
 rate of expense, considering its many advantages. Tuition in all branches is 
 but S60 per year, and board, with room, light, heat, etc., is but $190 per year 
 when paid half yearly in advance. Young women, with this slight advance 
 on normal rates, have opportunities for much higher recompense, than in 
 common schools when teaching in the larger institutions, for which Wilson 
 thus fits them. The college is evidently fulfilling the expectations of its 
 founders in training young women for the various duties of life. 
 
 BOROUGH OFFICEES,' 1886-87. 
 
 Burgess, S. Miller Shillito; council: First Ward — Chas. Yoh, James 
 Aughinbaugh; Second Ward— P. H. Peiffer, Geo. A. Wood; Third Ward, B. 
 F. Johns, F. A. Henninger; Fourth Ward— John Miller, Fred Zollinger; 
 clerk to council, Samuel Myers; attorney, T. E. Gilland; fife marshal, P. H. 
 Peiffer; water commissioner, Geo. A. Wood; chief of police, C. Kriechbaum; 
 subordinates — Jack Gallagher, Jefferson Carbaugh, John Mull; wood inspeo- 
 tors— D. M. Funk, Geo. Dittman; magistrates — John A. Seiders, Van T. Haul- 
 man, Loren A. Gulp; market master, Adam Wolf; borough treasurer, James 
 L. Black; borough auditors— W. H. H ockenberry, D. S. McFadden, JohnCree. 
 
 •We have termed the catalogue Issued June, 1871, the 8 ret catalogue because It covers the record of the Srst 
 December fsV^"' *" *' ^^''^' " "^ preceded by what is properly a prospectus, dated 
 
 tOr. kdwards and Dr. Robinson did not reside at Chambersburg or at college during Incnmbenoy. 
 
BOKOUGH OF MEBOEBSBUKG. 505. 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 BOROUGH OP MERCEESBURG. 
 
 Location— Settlement— James Black— Early Tbapfic— Obiginal Plat— 
 Derivation of Name— Sketch of Dr. Mercer- Past and Present Busi- 
 ness Interests — Incorporation— Prominent Residents— Birthplace of 
 President Buchanan— Meroersbtjbg College and Public Schools— 
 Chuech Histobt— Cemetery— Banks— Fiee Company— Secret Societies. 
 
 MERCERSBURG, the fourth town in size in Franklin County, is situat- 
 ed on a terminal branch of the South Penn division of the Cumber- 
 land Valley Railroad. It is on the line of the main gravel pike leading from 
 McConnellsburg through Mercersburg, Greenoastle, Waynesboro, across South 
 Mountain to Baltimore. The site of the town is a beautiful one, being but 
 three miles fi'om North or Kittatinny Mountains, which lie in graceful waves 
 along the west and, ^ autumn, afford views of exceeding grandeur. The 
 larger part of the town is in Montgomery Township, the remainder . being in 
 Peters. 
 
 SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The first settlement is said to have been made by the Scotch-Irish in 1730. 
 At that early date James Black built a mill at or near the present site of 
 Mercersburg. The settlement which grew up around it was, in honor of him, 
 christened ' ' Black' s Town. ' ' The religious proclivities of the people soon led 
 to the organization of a Presbyterian Congregation, known as ' ' The West 
 Conococheague Church," the membership of which embraced a vast stretch of 
 country, now tributary to the congregations of Welsh Run, Loudon and 
 St. Thomas, about fourteen miles square. 
 
 The property which Black owned was subsequently sold to William Smith. 
 Though this transaction is not on the records, there is good reason to suppose 
 it occurred about 1750. The latter was one of the justices of the peace for 
 Cumberland County, and a man of considerable prominence in those early 
 times. In those early days, say from 1750 to 1765, Smith's (now Mercers- 
 burg) was an important place, an extensive trade being carried on with the In- 
 dians and first settlers on the western frontier. 
 
 eaelt thaffic. 
 It was nothing uncommon at that time to see from fifty to one hundred' 
 pack-horses in a row, laden with salt, iron and other commodities for the 
 Monongahela country. Sometimes dishonest and unscrupulous people surrep- 
 titiously took goods which, falling into the hands of the Indians, were injuri- 
 ous to the settlers. This led to the practice of inspecting, military-like, 
 whatever these tradesmen carried. Justice William Smith was one of these- 
 inspectors. The following is a copy of his passes: 
 
 Cumberland County, ss. 
 
 By William Smith, Esq., one of His Majeity's Justices of the, Peace ofSdd County. 
 
 Permit the Bearer, Thos. M'Cammis, to pass to Fort Bedford with nine Kegs of Rum, 
 Eight Kegs of Wine, One Keg of Spirits, One Keg of Molasses, Three Kegs of brown 
 Sugar, Four Kegs packed with Loaf Sugar and Coffee and Chocolate, in all Twenty-six- 
 
506 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Kegs, and One bag of Shoes, provided always, that this permit shall not Extend to Carry 
 any Warlike Stores, or any Article not herein mentioned. 
 Given under my Hand and Seal, 15th May, 1765. 
 
 Wm. Smith. 
 
 To make assurance doubly sure, James Smith, then a military man in 
 nature and subsequently in practice, gave this additional authority: 
 
 As the Sidling Hill Volunteers have already inspected these goods, and as they are all 
 private property, it is Expected that none of these brave fellows will molest them upon 
 the Koad, as there is no Indian Supplies amongst .them. Given under my Hand, May 
 15th, 1765. 
 
 Jas. Smtth. 
 
 One more will suffice t-O'show the spirit of the times very clearly. Like the 
 others it is given exactly as found in Vol. IV, Pennsylvania Archives, First 
 Series, page 220. 
 
 CUMBERtAin), ss. 
 
 Permit the Bearers, Alex'r M'Einey and Lachlan McKinnon, to pass unmolested 
 to and from Anteiatim, they behaving themselves Soberly and inofEensively, as becomes 
 loyal Subjects, they being Soldiers Carrying a Letter to Daniel M'Cay, and as they say, 
 is going to purchase two Cows. Given under my Hand, this 30th of May, 1765. 
 
 Wm. Smith. 
 
 The reason for this precaution is found, perhaps, in the following state- 
 ment, taken from Incidents of Border Life, etc., of an occurrence that antedates 
 the foregoing passes: 
 
 "In the life and travels of Colonel , James Smith, an interesting incident, 
 having some relation to this place, is mentioned. The King's proclamation 
 was then circulated, prohibiting any person from trading with the Indians until 
 further orders. 
 
 "Notwithstanding all this, about the Ist of March, 1765, a number of 
 wagons loaded with Indian goods and warlike stores were sent from Philadel- 
 phia to Henry Pollen's,* Conococheague, and from thence seventy pack-horses 
 were loaded with goods in order to be carried to Fort Pitt. This alarmed the 
 country, and Mr. William Duffield raised about fifty armed men, and met the 
 pack-horses at the place where Mercersburg now stands. Mr. Duffield desired 
 the employers to store up their goods and not proceed until further orders. 
 They made light of this, and went over ' the North Mountain, where they 
 lodged in a small vaUey called the Great Cove. Mr. Duffield and his party 
 followed after, and came to their lodging, and again urged them to store up 
 their goods; he reasoned with them on the impropriety of their proceedings, 
 and the great danger the frontier inhabitants would be exposed to if the 
 Indians now should get a supply; he said it was well known that they had 
 scarcely any ammunition, and were almost naked; to supply them now would 
 be a kind of murder, and would be illegally trading at the expense of the 
 blood and treasure of the frontiers. Notwithstanding his powerful reasonings 
 these traders made game of what he said, and would only answer him by lu(£- 
 crous burlesque. 
 
 " When I beheld this, and found that Mr. Duffield would not compel them 
 to store up their goods, I collected ten of my old warriors that I had formerly 
 disciplined in the Indian way, went off privately after night, and encamped in 
 the -yyoods. The next day Smith and his men brought the traders to their own 
 terms — prevented them from carrying the goods to their place of destination." 
 
 *Henry Pawling, one of the early settlers and leading spirits of Antrim Tovnsbip. " 
 
^, Ol^ fSl OuirCclp}^ 
 
BOROUGH OF MERCEKSBUEG. 509 
 
 ORIGINAL PLAT. 
 
 By a son of the aforesaid Squire Smith, "William Smith, Jr., the town of 
 Mercersburg was laid out, the original town plat yet to be seen, somewhat di- 
 figured, in a public office in the village, bearing date March 17, 1786. Lad It 
 six streets, three north and south, viz. : Main, Fayette and Park, and three 
 east and west. Seminary, California and Oregon. The paper above referred 
 to, which should have been recorded at the county seat, has been so thor- 
 oughly blurred as to make it difficult to decipher the names of the original lot 
 holders. The following few were secured: Benjamin Sterrett, Chas. Tipper 
 Wm. Leaman, George Robertson, James Davidson, Wm. Elliott, James Hus- 
 ton (a captain in the Revolutionary war, to whose company, as it was ready to 
 start for the field, the celebrated Dr. King made a very patriotic speech.— See 
 chapter on Revolutionary war) and Robert McDowell. 
 
 DEEIVATION OF NAME. 
 
 The name, Mercersburg, was given to the new town in honor of Dr. Hugh 
 Mercer, a distinguished officer during the war of the Revolution. He was a 
 Scotchman by birth, and a man of considerable talent which was made effective 
 by a liberal education. With a military training and experience in Europe, he 
 was admirably adapted for service in the colonies, to which he was assigned, 
 with a captain' s rank, in 1756. After several years he was promoted to the 
 rank of colonel. When the Revolutionary war broke out he was, on the 
 recommendation of Washington, appointed by Congress to the rank of briga- 
 dier-general. He served faithfully in various engagements and capacities. In 
 the battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777, he "received seven wounds — five in 
 his body and two in his head, and was much bruised by the breech of a musket, 
 of which bruises he soon after died."* A Tory paper, as quoted in " Diary of 
 American Revolution," says: "Among their [American] slain were eleven 
 officers. Mr. Mercer (one of the rebel officers since dead), when he was taken 
 up by our people, asked how many the numbers were who had thus attacked 
 him;- and upon being told he cried out with astonishment, 'My God! is it 
 possible y I have often heard of British courage, but never could have imag- 
 ined to find such an instance as this. ' " f 
 
 PAST AND PRESENT BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 Mercersburg was formerly a more active business place than at present. The 
 building up of rival towns in other parts of the county, with excellent railroad 
 facilities, has had the effect to diminish its trade; and yet the natural 
 elements of soil and climate are wholly in its favor. With proper efforts, the 
 close proximity of Cove Gap, with its natural advantages and historical associa- 
 tions, ought to make Mercersburg a summer resort of great importance. 
 Though it cannot hope to be again what it was formerly — the Athens of Frank- 
 lin County — it may, by the utilization of the facilities near at hand, be the 
 finest resort in the county. 
 
 As showing the business of the town forty years ago, the following item 
 from Rupp's history is given: 
 
 " Marshall College, the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church 
 and affiliated institutions are located here. The town contains 4 dry goods 
 stores, 1 grocery, 2 druggists, 3 confectionaries, 4 tailor shops, 6 shoe-makers, 
 2 hatters, 2 wagon-makers, 1 coach-maker, 1 plow-maker, 2 weavers, 2 sil- 
 versmiths, 3 butchers, 2 livery stables, 2 oyster cellars, 4 tan-yards, 1 distill- 
 
 •PennsylvaDia Journal, February 5, 1777. 
 tFor full sketch of Dr. Mercer, see pag) 270. 
 
510 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ery 1 pottery, 3 hotels, 4 rough carpenters, 6 house joiners, 4 cabinet-makers, 
 5 chair-makers, 4 saddlers, 4 coopers, 4 blacksmiths, 1 public school, 1 female- 
 seminary, 1 flouring-mill, 2 brick-yards, 7 physicians." 
 
 At present it has 3 dry goods stores, 6 groceries, 2 drug stores, 2 hardware 
 stores 3 milliners, 2 hotels (Mansion and McAfee), 3 coach-makers, 7 churches 
 
 .2 
 
 baiers, 1 tinshop, _ 
 
 newspaper {Mercersburg Journal*) 2 coal dealers, 1 postmaster, 1 lodge I. 0. 
 O. F., 1 G. A. R. post, 2 barbers, 1 attorney, 1 notary public, 2 justices of 
 the peace, 2 tailors, 1 monument dealer, 1 dentist, 3 boot and shoe dealers, 1 
 brass band. 
 
 IR COEPOBATION. 
 
 The town was incorporated in February, 1831. Its population by the census 
 of 1880 was 970. 
 
 PBOMINENT EESIDINTS. 
 
 Its history records the residence within its limits of some prominent men, 
 among whom we can mention only a few: Wm. Findlay, ex-governor of Penn- 
 sylvania; James Buchanan, President of the United States; Thomas A. &cott, 
 the railroad king of America; Dr. Philip SchafiP, the renowned Biblical scholar 
 and theologian; Dr. J. W. Nevin, ex-president of Marshall College, and emi- 
 nent divine; Dr. Frederick A. Rauch, first president of the college in Mer- 
 cersburg; Hon. E. E. Higbee, present State school superintendent. At pres- 
 ent we simply give their names. In chapter XVII, " Master Spirits," will 
 be found a brief sketch of several of them. 
 
 BIRTHPLACE OF PRESIDENT BUCHANAN. 
 
 On Main Street stands the house which James Buchanan, the father of the 
 President, built at the opening of the present century. It has been remodeled 
 and is now known as the " McAfee House, " conducted by the McAfee brothers. 
 On Fayette Street stands, on a very humble site, a one-story, hewed-log house, 
 20x21 feet, as measured by the writer, aided by W. H. Wilson, in the 
 sxmimer of 1886. It is whitewashed as any ordinary wooden building 
 would be, and was, at the time the measurements were made, occupied by 
 John Rodgers and his wife, both very aged people. This rude hut is the 
 one in which James Buchanan, once President of this Nation, was born 4pril 
 28, 1791. It then stood by the side of a packer's path in Cove Gap, distant 
 three miles and a half. It was removed to Mercersburg and placed on its 
 present site, ^bout 1830 or 1832. From the site in the Cove was dug, in 
 October, 1885, a number of ancient coins, one of which was sent by Mr. TJnger 
 to President Cleveland, who acknowledged its receipt in a kind letter. One 
 of them, an English penny dated 1776, was obtained by the writer of this 
 sketch from E. E. Parker, who dug it from the debris that now marks the 
 birth-place of a deceased President. Could the hut and these coins tell their 
 simple story, they could give many incidents connected with the early life of 
 the boy who, with a hell about his neck to prevent his being lost among the 
 rocks and bushes, was securing that training which subsequently qualified him 
 for a life of distinction and public trust. 
 
 In the building on the northwest corner of the Diamond was kept, forty-five 
 years ago, a dry goods store by William Metcalfe. One of his clerks at the 
 time, receiving the sum of $10 per month and board, was Thomas A. Scott, 
 
 *See Chapter X. 
 
BOROUGH OF MERCERSBUEGf.. 511 
 
 subsequently the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad" Company, and rail- 
 road king. In one of the books kept by Mr. Metcalfe is found this journal 
 entry : 
 
 Mbroebsburg, Feby. 19, 1842. 
 Jno. Myers (tailor) Qj-^ 
 
 By making coat and vest for T. A. Scott $7.00 
 
 We give, in order, a brief account of the various educational, religious and 
 other agencies by which society in the village and community has been fash- 
 ioned and preserved in the past, and vrhich have been the pride of the place 
 Naturally we commence with the college. 
 
 MERCEESBtJEG COLLEGE. 
 
 Mercersburg became a center of literary and theological education, and ae 
 tivity for the Reformed Church in the United States, about fifty years ago, 
 A large number of the most prominent and active clergymen and laymen of 
 the denomination have been educated at its literary and theological instita- 
 tions. 
 
 Marshall College was founded at Mercersburg under a charter granted bj 
 the Legislature of Pennsylvania, March 31, A. D. 1836, and went into opera- 
 tion on the 9th of November, of the same year. The Legislature, at the -same 
 time, voted an appropriation of $12,000 toward its endowment. The col- 
 lege sprang originally out of the high school, atttached to the theologi- 
 cal seminary, of the German Reformed Church, and which had been re- 
 moved from the borough of York, Penn. , to the village of Mercersburg, in the 
 previous autumn. The theological seminary followed two years later from 
 York. The college was named in honor of Chief Justice John Marshall, of 
 the Supreme Court of the United States, who had died during- the previous 
 year, in the zenith of his fame. 
 
 Rev. Frederick A. Rauch, Ph. D., who had previously been the principal 
 of the high school, whilst still located at York, from 1832 to 1835,' became the 
 first president of Marshall College. A German by birth and education, he- 
 had been thoroughly educated, and was well fitted for the position. In 1840 
 he published his work, or treatise, on "Psychology," which may be said ta 
 have introduced this science to the attention of American students. Dr. Rauchi 
 continhed to fill the position of president until his lamented death, in the thfrty- 
 fifthyear of his age, which occurred March 2, 1841, causing marked sorrow, not- 
 only among the students and immediate friends of the college, but also 
 throughout the denomination. He had also been professor in the theological 
 seminary, whilst still at York, and subsequently, from its removal to Mercers- 
 burg, in the fall of 1887, up to the time of his death. 
 
 The large four-story seminary, or college building, together with the adja- 
 cent professor houses, on the east side of the town, was erected in 1836 and 
 1837. In the autumn of 1837, as already stated, the theological seminary of 
 the Reformed Church in the United States, was removed, toMercersburg, from 
 York, under the solemn pledge of the church, that it was to be permanently- 
 located there, a pledge that was subsequently shamefully violated, by its re- 
 moval to Lancaster, Penn. 
 
 Early in 1840, the Rev. John W. Nevin, D. D. , at the time a professor in 
 the theological seminary in Allegheny, Penn. , was called to fill the chair of 
 systematic theology in the institution at Mercersburg, which had become va- 
 cant through the resignation of Rev. Dr. Lewis Mayer. After duo con- 
 sideration, Dr. Nevin accepted the appointment, removed to Mercersburg, and 
 in May, of the same year, entered upon the duties of his professorship. The 
 
512 HISTORY OF FKANKLIX COUNTY. 
 
 death of Dr. Rauch, in the early part of the following year, rendered it neces- 
 sary for Dr Nevin to assume the temporary presidency of Marshall College, 
 which was afterward made permanent, and which he filled acceptably for the 
 
 period of twelve years. n r>, i. ■ i i ^ ^ 
 
 In October, 1843, the synod of the Reformed Church unanimously elected 
 Rev Dr Philip Schaff, then of Berlin, Prussia, to one of the professorships in 
 the theolofrical seminary. A call accordingly was extended to him, which, 
 after due "consideration' he accepted. In August, 1844, Dr. Schaff arrived, 
 and in the following October was duly installed as professor of church history 
 and Biblical literature. His inaugural address, "The Principle of Protestant- 
 ism," delivered in the German language, was translated by Dr. Nevin, and 
 published in English and German, and at once attracted extraordinary atten- 
 tion. Its ability was universally recognized. It, however, contained views 
 concerning the then present state of the church, which appeared new to Amer- 
 ican readers, although well known in Europe, and provoked no small amount 
 of adverse criticism, but which are now very generally accepted by Christian 
 thinkers. Dr. SchafP continued in connection with the seminary until his 
 removal to New York, where he subsequently became a professor in the Union 
 Theological Seminary. He has been a prolific .writer of books of acknowl- 
 edc^ed worth. His reputation as a distinguished theologian and author is inter- 
 national. He is still living at this time, whilst his coadjutor, Dr. Nevin, depart- 
 ed this life June 6, 1886. 
 
 Marshall College, while located at Mercersburg, held deservedly high 
 rank as a literary institution. The number of students was large, and nearly 
 200 were graduated in the regular classical course. In 1853, however, the 
 •college was removed to Lancaster, Penn. , and formally united with Franklin 
 College, the united colleges being named Franklin and Marshall Colleges. 
 The difficulties, which necessitated the acceptance of propositions of union 
 from Franklin College, were purely of a financial nature. Even as such they 
 were rather imaginary than real. Many persons believe and affirm, that had 
 the membership of the Reformed Church put forth the same strenuous efforts 
 to endow and carry forward Marshall College at Mercersburg, that were made 
 to bring about its union with Franklin College, and to secure an endowment 
 since, the results would have been at least equally great, if not greater. 
 
 Although Marshall College was removed to Lancaster, Penn., in 1853, the 
 theological seminary of the Reformed Church in the United States continued 
 to remain at Mercersburg, where its permanent location had been solemnly 
 promised for eighteen years longer, until 1871, when it too was transferred to 
 Lancaster, its present habitation. 
 
 After the removal of Marshall College to Lancaster, the buildings at the 
 south end of Mercersburg, which had been the property of the college, and by 
 its board of trustees had been sold to the citizens of the place, were still occu- 
 pied and utilized for educational and literary purposes, under the name of 
 Marshall Collegiate Institute. This arrangement continued iil force until the 
 summer of 1865. 
 
 Mercersburg College was incorporated by the court of common pleas of 
 Franklin County, Penn., October 30, 1865, receiving a liberal charter 
 ' ' for the education of youth in the learned languages, the arts, sciences and 
 useful literature. ' ' The original corporators, styled the board of regents of 
 Mercersburg College, nine in number, were Rev. Henry Harbaugh, D. D., 
 Prof. E. E. Higbee, Adam B. Wingerd, Rev. Thomas G. Apple, Rev. Peter 
 S. Davis, Rev. Walter E. Krebs, Rev. Cyrus Cort, David Zeller and Jacob 
 Reed. Rev. H. Harbaugh, D. D., was chosen president. Prof. E. E. Higbee, 
 secretary, and Adam B. Wingerd, treasurer of the board. 
 
BOEOUGH OF MEBCEESBURG. 513, 
 
 The property owned by the college at present, and which was purchased in 
 1865 from the citizens of Mercersburg, for the sum of $6, 500, consists of the 
 preparatory building, diagnothian hall, professor house, and five acres of 
 ground at the southern extremity of the borough limits. In 1871, what is 
 known as the seminary or college building, two professor houses adjacent, and 
 four acres of land, situated on an elevation at the eastern border of the town 
 were transferred, at a nominal sum, to the board of regents of Mercersburg 
 College by a lease from the board of trustees of the Theological Seminary, for 
 the term of ninety-nine years, subject to certain specified conditions and re- 
 strictions. 
 
 Mercersburg College soon became a success, and had during the first year 
 100 students enrolled. Its first gi-aduates went forth in 1871, and in a period 
 of nine years graduated sixty young men in the learned languages, the arts, 
 sciences and useful literature, one-half of whom have entered the ranks of the 
 Christian ministry. In 1873 a post graduate department was formed, in 
 which regular theological instruction was given to such graduates as desired to 
 prepare themselves for the work of the holy ministry. 
 
 From the very start Mercersburg College was hampered financially, being 
 without endowment, and depending upon its income from tuition, which 
 proved to be an uncertain source of revenue. When the financial crisis came,, 
 measurably at least, brought about by the terrible rebellion in the Southern 
 States of the Union, 'twenty- five years ago, the college soon felt its effects. 
 The number of students began naturally to decrease, while the expenses of 
 the college remained substantially the same. It gradually became so much 
 crippled financially as to be compelled to suspend operations in October, 1881,. 
 and close its halls of learning for the time being. The amount of its indebted 
 ness at the time was about $15,000. This has been very materially decreased 
 but is still an unfortunate incubus on its operations and usefulness. 
 
 In September, 1881, the college was revived and reopened, and has been; 
 moving forward in its important work since, agreeably to its charter rights, 
 and privileges. It is under the efficient management of the Rev. George W.. 
 Aughinbaugh, D. D., as president, who has had considerable experience as an 
 educator as president of Heidelberg College, at Tiffin, Ohio, and subsequently 
 as president of Palatinate College, at Meyerstown, Penn. He is assisted by a 
 competent corps of teachers in the different branches taught The number oi 
 students is again increasing from year to year. 
 
 Mercersburg College has had three presidents thus far: Rev. Thomas G. 
 Apple, D. D., from 1865 to 1871: Rev. Elnathan B. Higbee, D. D., fromi 
 1871 to 1880; and Rev. George W. Aughinbaugh, D. D., from 1881 ta the 
 present time. 
 
 The college is under the control of the board of regents, elected by the 
 Synod of the Potomac of the Reformed Church in the United States. Rev. 
 Wm. M. Deatrich has been president of the board of regents since 1880. Ex- 
 tensive repairs to the property are being made at this time, June, 1886. A 
 better location for a college could not well be found. The site of Mer- 
 cersburg is healthful and it is surrounded with scenery at once striking and 
 beautiful. It is easy of access, being in direct railroad communication with 
 the great thoroughfares of travel on every side, and yet, at the same time 
 sufficiently retired to form a secure retreat from the stir and noise of public- 
 life. In this respect its students are removed from the excitement and dis- 
 traction of a large city, and brought under the elevating and educational 
 power of an undisturbed college life in the midst of scenery almost unrivaled 
 in its beauty and grandeur. There is not at the same time a more healthful 
 
514 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 location in any part of the county or State. In point of air, water and gen- 
 -eral climate, it is all in this view that the most anxious parents can desire. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The earliest knowledge that can be obtained of the schools in Mercersburg 
 jiates to about 1825 or 1830. This school was known as the " Stone Academy, " 
 sitiiated on what was then known as " commons," but which is now occupied 
 iby the new Presbyterian Church on the corner of West Seminary and Park 
 Sti'eets. This building was erected by the citizens. The money was raised by 
 subscription. How long this institution remained separate from the public 
 school system, we are unable to say. 
 
 For a number of years, the schools of Mercersburg were under the control 
 of the directors of Montgomery Township; school being held successively in the 
 basement of the Methodist Episcopal Church — the building now occupied by 
 Dr. Unger — Gcethean Hall and the public school building. 
 
 ^ April 14, 1857, the people of Mercersburg and surrounding community ap- 
 plied to the coiu-t of FraiLblin County to be incorporated into a separate dis- 
 trict from Montgomery Township. Viewers were appointed who met in June 
 of the same year, and August 14, 1857, the grant was obtained. This, then, 
 is the basis from which we date the existence of Mercersburg Independent 
 School District. 
 
 On the 14th of September, 1857, Croethean Hall and the lot of ground on 
 which it stood were sold by Franklin and Marshall College to J. O. Carson, W. 
 D. McKinstry, Atchison Ritchey and J. H. Murphy, who held it as trustees. 
 These parties retained it in trust until the 30th of September, 1862, when they 
 disposed of it to the school board of Mercersburg Independent School District 
 ior the sum of $2, 500. The building was used for public school purposes from 
 that tim« until in 1878, when Hemy Waidlich accepted the building and 
 grounds m part payment for the erection of the present public school building 
 on West Seminary Street. After the fire, part of the walls tumbled down, 
 and the work of completely razing the stone and brick work will soon destroy 
 all vestige of a once stately and useful edifice. 
 
 May 31, 1878, a contract was made for the erection of the building now oc- 
 «apied for school pui-poses. Henry Waidlich took the contract at $5,391.41, 
 together with the two buildings— HaU and Dr. Unger' s place— occupied at that 
 lime for school, which, together with cost of grounds upon which the building 
 atands, amounts to about 18,000. The board of directors who gave the con- 
 tract was R. PMcFarland, J. S. Whitmer, O. L. Murray, John Oiih, John 
 Waidhch and Dr. E. S. Brownson. 
 
 Ti. '^^^iJ^tf ^^^'""^ 0"''*''°} °^ building and schools at present consists of 
 ?'McF^ritnTaSTaTaSS '• "^^ ^^^^^P-^' ^^ ^- ^^^^H^^^' «• 
 w^.f^'^r^ the principal teachers, before the present building was occupied, 
 were Messrs. Eichard, Clark, Eice, Bruce, Atherton, W. C. McClelland 
 Misses Sarah and Maggie Andrews, Annie and Maggie C Beall 
 eleetd nJ^'T 1 "^^^^^^ft^e public building. Prof. H.A. Deisert was 
 n™+ ^'^'"'T: *?r^ f ^'^^'^ *^^ "''^°°^^- The principals from then to the 
 present were J. A. Hashinger, J. H. Devor and Will A Elder The Dresent 
 
 StL'tVll™ ^- ^^^^^' P"-^P^1^ M- MaggTeS BearasSTant 
 Annie E Ge^er .«. A ^l^'^^^^^iJ^^^^ Mollie Patterson, secondary; Miss 
 WiTsLcoToTed 'school ^"""^' """^ Maggie Porter, first primary; Z'calvin 
 They have a five years' course in the high school: first year-reading, geog- 
 
BOEOUGH OF MEEOERSBUEG. 515 
 
 raphy, spelling, grammar, arithmetic and penmanship ; second year — history, 
 geography, physiology, arithmetic, grammar, spelling and penmanship; third 
 year— grammar, algebra, physiology, history and penmanship; fourth year — 
 book-keeping, literature, algebra, physiology, familiar science; fifth year — re- 
 view of all branches. 
 
 Graduating class of 1886 consistecl of fifteen members — thirteen girls and 
 two boys. 
 
 There is a colored school, separate from the white school, whose pupils, 
 when prepared, are permitted to enter the secondary room of the general 
 system. 
 
 CHURCH HISTORY. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — In 1738 was organized the Presbyterian Church, 
 known as Upper West Conococheague, embracing within its ample domains 
 what now constitute the congregations known as Wjelsh Eun, Loudon and St. 
 Thomas — about fourteen miles square. Two rival points claimed the location 
 •of the edifice, — Waddell's Grave-yard, near Bridgeport, opened up in antici- 
 pation of being successful, and Church Hill, several miles from Mercersburg. 
 The latter place was finally selected, the warrant for the land having been taken 
 by William Maxwell and William Campbell. As the result of a controversy in 
 the general church, which originated some years prior to this time, and which 
 involved even the newly organized congregations, a separation took place in 
 this body resulting in the establishment of the Lower West Conococheague, 
 or what was subsequently known as the Welsh Eun Church, but now the Eob- 
 ert Kennedy Memorial Church. 
 
 In 1754 Eev. John Steele was invited to become pastor of Church Hill, 
 and likevnse of East Conococheague, now Greencastle. This call he ac- 
 cepted, and continued the work for about two years. His congregation was 
 subjected to incessant attacks by the Indians. In fact, the usual course pur- 
 sued was for preacher and members to repair to the church with rifle in hand, 
 ready to be summoned at any time by the cries of distress in the neighbor- 
 hood. When such calls came, pastor and people went forth to wreak sum- 
 <mary vengeance on the cruel savages, the reverend captain leading. ' ' It was 
 about this time that Col. James Smith and Messrs. John McCollough and 
 Eiohard Bard and his wife were taken captive by them, all of whom were con- 
 nected with this congregation (the latter three after their captivity), and 
 whose thrilling narratives are recorded in ' Incidents of Border Life,' and 
 which give a good idea of the exposures and hardships and sufPerings of the 
 inhabitants' of this region of country at this early period. ' ' * For a time the 
 congregation was unable to meet, on account of the depredations of the In- 
 dians, which dispersed its members. After their return they reorganized and 
 received " supplies " till 1762 and 1763, when Indian incursions came near break- 
 ing it up again. The session at this period embraced William Maxwell, 
 William Smith, John McDowell, William McDowell, John Welsh, Alexander 
 White, John McClelland, Jonathan Smith, William Campbell, Eobert Flem- 
 gin and Samuel Templeton. 
 
 August 30, 1769, Eev. John King was installed pastor of the congrega- 
 tion, numbering at the time 130 families. Mercersburg having now been es- 
 tablished, a house of worship, very plain, was erected in the village in 1794, 
 on grounds given by Hon. Robert Smith. The congregation, subsequent to 
 this time, met in the village. Dr. King, a minister second to none in his day. 
 
 * Hev. Thomas C'reigh, In History of Presbyterian Church of Upper West Conococheague, now Mercers 
 burg, Franklin Co., Penn. 
 
516 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 in the Presbyterian Church in this country, continued to serve it until 1811, 
 when ill health compelled his resignation. 
 
 Eev. David Elliott became pastor October 7, 1812, and continued until Octo- 
 ber 29, 1829. In 1818, during his pastorate, the " Social Weekly Prayer Meet- 
 ing " was instituted, and proved to be a source of great strength to the people. 
 In 1819 a new house of worship was erected at a cost of $6,000. After a 
 faithful service of more than seventeen years, he was chosen to' fill the pulpit 
 in Washington, Penn. 
 
 November 17, 1831, began the pastorate of Eev. Thomas Creigh, and it con- 
 tinued until it was terminated by death a few years ago. He was a preacher of 
 power and usefulness, and deeply impressed himself on the people whom he 
 served. 
 
 The following is a list of prominent persons whose birthplace was within 
 the bounds of the congregation, and whose parents were members either of 
 the church or congregation: James Buchanan, President of the United States; 
 William Pindlay, governor of Pennsylvahia; John Findlay, member of Con- 
 gress; James Findlay, member of Congress; Prof. John McDowell, LL. D. ; 
 Wm. McDowell, captain Eevolutionary war; Eobert McCoy, captain Eevolu- 
 tionary war; Archibald Bard, associate judge; Eobert Smith, associate judge 
 and representative; James A. Irwin, captain IJnited States Army; Thomas A. 
 Scott, president Pennsylvania Eailroad. In addition, there were lawyers, phy- 
 sicians and ministers of great prominence and worth. 
 
 United Presbyterian Church. — The present congregation, which numbers 
 about twenty-five members, is the successor of two religious branches — the Se- 
 ceders and the Associate Eeformed. The history of each congregation is briefly 
 told: The Seceders, about the year 1772, erected a log meeting-house a mile and 
 a half from the present site of Mercersburg, on the road leading to Green- 
 castle. Owing to its peculiar location it was called " Slate Hill Church. " The 
 building was used for school purposes, James Buchanan when a boy having^ 
 been a pupil within its walls. Tliis building was subsequently removed to the 
 village; but with age its place was supjdied by a new brick one, in 1828, which 
 the congregation continued to use for a period of forty-four years. It was 
 finally sold and is now the property of Jacob E. Kreps, and used by him for a 
 town hall. The congregation was absorbed, and is no longer in existence. 
 
 About 1794 Thomas Johnston, of Lancaster County, settled near Mercers- 
 burg, and became the harbinger of the Associate Eeformed Church in its re- 
 gion. His membership for a time continued at Carlisle. His family and 
 those of several neighbors constituted a sort of mission, which was visited by 
 such men as Pringle, Kendall, Scroggs, Blair and others. 
 
 In August, 1822, a call was extended to Eev. Thomas B. Clarkson, who of- 
 ficiated with acceptance. Through his labors, the church in Little Cove vs»8 
 united with the one in Mercersburg, so that in 1826 he reported 184 members. 
 His successors were Eev. Findlay W. McNaughton, 1828-57; Eev. James Bruce,. 
 1858-65; Eev. Eobt. G. Ferguson, 1866-78; Eev. J. E. Black, 1878-83. 
 Since 1883 no regular pastor has been had, but it has been fed'by " supplies. "^ 
 
 The house of worship owned and occupied by the United Presbyterian 
 Church, the successor by union in the past of the other two, was erected at a 
 cost of $16,000. It is a handsome structure. 
 
 St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Congregation.* ~li is an important his- 
 torical fact, especially in many of the smaller towns and rural district?; that 
 Lutheran and Eeformed congregations erected and ovraed church build- 
 mgs and burial grounds jointly, in the early history o f these two denominations. 
 
 •By the present pastor, Rev. M. L. Culler. 
 
BOEOUGH OF MEECERSBURG. 519 
 
 They had a common language, the German, and often neither congregation 
 was able to build without the aid of the other. Each denomination had its 
 own pastor and church officers, and the pastors conducted divine service alter- 
 nately for their respective congregations. This is true of the Lutheran and 
 Reformed Chui'ches of Mercersburg. They began their history about the sam& 
 time. Kev. George Baugher who lived at Conewago, York County, began 
 making visits in 1765 to the Lutheran settlement in Franklin County, preach- 
 ing the word of God, catechising the youth, and administering the holy sacra- 
 ment. The Lutherans in and about Mercersburg were organized into a con- 
 gregation about the year 1800, by the Eev. John RuthraufP, who lived, and also 
 served the Lutheran Church in Greencastle. The first church building erected 
 jointly by the Reformed and Lutherans, was constructed of logs, and situated 
 in the northeastern portion of the town, or near the present stone building, 
 afterward erected and now owned by the "United Brethren." It was a very 
 primitive structure, and small. The seats were made of logs split in halves 
 and smoothed on the split sides, and supported from the floor by wooden pins, 
 fastened into these slabs. Evidently there was not much in such sittings to 
 encourage drowsiness. A constitution for the government of the pastors, 
 church officers and members of the two congregations, and also the graveyard, 
 very strict in its. requirements, was drawn up by Rev. Ruthrauff, May 10, 1804, 
 signed by him and also by the church officers, Jacob Geyer and Peter Shearer 
 on the part of the Lutherans, and by Daniel Eigelberger and Michael Hoke 
 on the part of the Reformed. Two copies of this constitution in manuscript 
 are in existence at the present time (1886). One is in the possession of each 
 congregation; both are in the German language, one, however, is written in 
 English characters. In 1813 a lot was purchased upon which the stone build- 
 ing already referred to was erected by the two congregations. The lot was also- 
 used as a graveyard, and is yet owned by the two denominations. The build- 
 ing was begun in 1814 and not entirely finished in every respect until about 
 1825. Rev. Ruthraufif, the first regular Lutheran pastor, was possessed of 
 considerable means. The incident is related of him, that while he was preach- 
 ing a sermon in the church at Greencastle, a gentleman came into the church, 
 and, walking up to the pulpit, told him his mill was on fire. In reply he 
 quietly remarked that "he supposed he would let it bum," and contin- 
 ued his sermon to its completion. Most preachers would have cut the sermon 
 short, and tried to save the mill. It is also said that his congregation, im- 
 pressed with his earnestness and devotion, contributed more than sufficient tO' 
 rebuild the mill, which is yet standing about one mile north of Greencastle, a 
 little to the west of the turnpike and on the Conococheague Creek. In 1827 
 Rev. Ruthrauff resigned, and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Shultze, who served 
 the church for two years. In 1830 Rev. Mr. Baughey became pastor, and con- 
 tinued as such until 1832, when he was succeeded by Rev. Reuben Weiser, 
 who afterward received the title of D. D. from Pennsylvania College in 1876. 
 After a long and successful ministry, he resided several years in Georgetown, 
 Col., where he died in 1884, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. During- 
 his ministry the church building was repaired at a cost of $1, 000. The members 
 at that time numbered sixty. He was the first to introduce the English lan- 
 guage in the worship of the congregation. He resigned the church in 1835. 
 From this date until 1846 there was no stated pastor, but the congregation 
 was supplied at intervals by different adjacent pastors. 
 
 Some time in 1846, Rev. Michael Eyster, who had charge of the church at 
 Greencastle, also became pastor of the Mercersburg congregation, and con- 
 tinued in that relation until 1849. In 1851 Rev. P. P. Lane became pastor, 
 
O20 HISTORY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 and was succeeded ia 1853 by Eev M. M. Bsechtel, who served the church for 
 one year. In 1854 Rev. S. McHenry took the pastoral care of the Mercers- 
 burg church, and was succeeded in 1859 by Kev. John Roth, during whose 
 ministry a difficulty arose which caused about twenty members, principally 
 Gurmans, to withdraw from the Lutheran congregation and unite with the 
 Reformed Church. In June, 1859, a Lutheran Sunday-school was first organized, 
 with Samuel King as superintendent. Among the teachers in the Sunday- 
 school at its first organization were Miss Harriet Sohn, Jacob Phinice, John 
 Greenwald, Messrs. Sellers, Furry, Gilbert, Eresman, and Miss Rebecca 
 Lightner. Sometime in the summer of 1863, Rev. A. M. Whestone became 
 the pastor. During his ministry the church enjoyed considerable prosperity. 
 Among the church officers in the stone biiilding in its earlier history were 
 Jacob Geyer, Peter Shearer. Solomon Weiser, Mr. Sellers, Edward and Christian 
 Walt. In the spring of 1867, during Rev. Whestone' 8 pastorate, the lot on 
 which the present brick church and parsonage stand was purchased for $820, 
 and on the 13th day of July of the same year the corner-stone was laid, and the 
 church was dedicated to the worship of the Triune God, July 5, 1868, at a cost 
 of 19,064.11. In 1871 Rev. Whestone resigned the church, and in February, 
 1872, was succeeded by Rev. A. J. Hesson. During Mr. Hesson's ministry 
 the church enjoyed increased prosperity and many additions were made to the 
 congregation. In the summer of 1876 the handsome and commodious parson- 
 age was built, on a part of the lot previously pui'chased, in the south end of the 
 town and near the church, at a cost of about |5, 000. Waidlich & Bros, were 
 the architects and builders, both of the present church and parsonage. In the 
 summer of 1880 the church was repainted and handsomely frescoed. Beau- 
 tiful lawns with a variety of evergreens and other trees are in the front of 
 both church and parsonage, making the church property of St. John' s one of 
 the most attractive in Cumberland Valley. Until the year 1875, the congregation 
 of Mercersburg had always been served in connection with other adjacent 
 Liitheran congregations, the pastors dividing their time between the several 
 congregations, over which they had pastoral care. But in the spring of 1875, 
 St. John' s resolved to support its pastor alone and enjoy the benefit of his en- 
 tire service. They have honorably and faithfully carried out their resolution 
 ever since. When in 1881, by reason of impaired health, Rev. Hesson was 
 compelled to resign the pastorate, the number of members had increased to 220. 
 In August, 1881, Rev. M. L. Culler, the present pastor, took the pastorate 
 care of the church. The congregation has continued to prosper steadily. Al- 
 though many of the members have moved West, and to other portions of the coun- 
 try, and others have been called from the church militant to the church triumph- 
 ant in heaven, yet at present, June, 1886, the membership is 250. A spirit of 
 progress and improvement has especially marked St. John's history, ever since 
 the congregation abandoned the old stone building in 1868. The Refoimed 
 congregation abandoned the stone building in 1845. The present church offi- 
 cers are John Klee, David Thompson, George C. Steiger, Sr., John Waid- 
 lich, elders; Adam Steiger, Sr., William Brubaker, John Schoenberger, Jacob 
 Fries, and John Steiger, deacons. The trustees are J. O. Martin, H. L. 
 Waidlich, and Jacob H. Fries. The Sunday-school at present numbers 
 143 scholars and fifteeen teachers, the largest number ever reached in its 
 history. In the libraiy are about 225 volumes. Lesson. books and helps, and 
 two insti-uctive religious papers are distributed to the school. Organ and 
 cornet, aud other appliances are used to make the exercises of the school in- 
 teresting and instructive. In view of the condition of the congregation and 
 Sunday-school, without intending any disparagement to the faithful and sue- 
 
BOROUGH OF MEECEESBUEG. 521 
 
 ■cessful labors of previous pastors, it can with truth be said that the present is 
 the most prosperous condition the St. John's congregation has yet attained in 
 all its varied history. In studying the history of the church of Christ, both in 
 general and of particular congregations, we are impressed with God's gracious 
 and faithful care of his people who are devoted to His service, and the won- 
 derful vitality of the chui'ch amid the most adverse circumstances, disappoint- 
 ments and discouragements. While it has often happened that many mere hu- 
 man and secular organizations have existed only for a time, and have then 
 passed away, there is not an instance on record of a Christian congregation be- 
 coming extinct, whenever founded on the pure Gospel of Christ, and where the 
 word of God is faithfullly preached and the holy sacraments properly adminis- 
 tered, except when the members of a congregation move away in very large 
 numbers; and they, then in their new homes organize themselves into eongre 
 gations, so that the chui-ch is perpetuated. " The gates of hell shall not pre- 
 vail against the church." 
 
 Tnnity Reformed Congregation.*— Th.Q first record of any member of 
 the Eeformed Church living in Mercersburg or vicinity that has as yet 
 come into our possession is an article of agreement between the members 
 of the Eeformed and Lutheran Churches, made on the 10th of May, 1804. 
 This article is signed by Eev. John Euthrauff, pastor of the Lutheran congre- 
 gation at Greeneastle, and Jacob Geyer, Peter Shearer, Daniel Bigelberer 
 and Michael Hoke, who constituted the church council. It is not only aa arti- 
 cle of agreement, but at the same time a constitution defining the rights, priv- 
 ileges, duties and qualifications of pastor, officers and people. It is an interest- 
 ing and in some, respects, a curious document. From this article of agree- 
 ment and constitution we learn that the Eeformed and Lutheran members con- 
 stituted but one congregation in this place at that time; that they occupied and 
 owned one church building; that pastors had to be members of some evangelical 
 synod; that officers must be elected from both religious persuasions; that 
 they must be men of good report, upright and devout; that they must 
 exercise a watchful care over the congregation and punish all outward 
 violations of God's law; that members must aid in supporting the Gospel; that 
 all such had a right to vote, a share in the church and burying-gi-ound, and all 
 the blessings and privileges of the congregation. 
 
 Eev. Jonathan Eahauser' s Pastorate. — Eev. Jonathan Eahauser was pastor 
 of the Eeformed people from October, 1792, to the day of his death, which 
 occurred in September, 1817. He had nine other preaching points. "W^e do 
 not know whether the Eeformed members were served regularly with preaching 
 before Mr. Eahauser came or not, but it is not likely that they were. Their 
 number could not have been veiy large at that time, for at a communion held on 
 the 23d of December, 1804, the communicants numbered only fourteen. 
 Their names are as follows: Michael Hoke, Simeon Leidy, Johanes Wolf, Freder- 
 ick Scherer, Peter Scherer, Paul Schafer, Johanes Dahlman, Johanes Troutman, 
 Barbara Hisson, Anmaria Wolf, Dorothea Dahlman, Cathariha Merckel, Eliza- 
 beth Breidenthal, Barbara Leidy. On Saturday preceding the above date the 
 following persons were confirmed: Jacob Schort, Jacob Leimaster, Jona- 
 than Scherer, Johanes Leidy, George Schafer, Johanes Schafer, Samuel Brand, 
 Johanes Dahlman, Paul Schafer, Joseph Zimerman, Isaac Dahlman, Jacob 
 Kalra, Jacob Dahlman, Martin Eeudenauer, Andreas Herkman, Adam Ku- 
 gal, Maria Bahn, Elizabeth Bahn, Haana Dahlman, Freny Dahlman, Hana 
 Leidy, Susana Mauerer, Elizabeth Kalm, Anamaria Kugel, Catharina Wolf, 
 Mearia Schaffer, Susana Eeudenauer, Elizabeth Wolf, Margretha Scherer, 
 
 ♦Extracts fjom sketch of the churcli hy .ts prt'st'iit pastor, Kev. J. W. Knappenberger. 
 
522 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Elizcabetli Leiineister, Anamaria Leimester, Anamaria Kamel, Susana Wolf. 
 The names are spelled as they are given on the record. According to this rec- 
 ord, there were forty-seven Eeformed members the 23d of December, 1804. 
 This includes those confirmed on the preceding day. It is probable that some 
 members were prevented from being present at this communion, so that the 
 actual membership was somewhat larger. 
 
 These members were formed into a separate and distinct organization some 
 time previous to the year 1811, for in the minutes of the synod of the German 
 Reformed Church in the United States, which met in Reading, Penn., in 
 May, 1811, it is stated "that the three congregations, Greencastle, Miller's 
 and Mercersburg, in Franklin County, which are served by Rev. Mr. Rahaussr, 
 made a request, to be received as congregations by synod." It is said that 
 the request was granted and that they were to be informed of the fact by 
 letter. 
 
 The Union congregation, thus divided into two distinct organizations, since 
 known as the Reformed and Lutheran congregations, still worshiped in one 
 building and continued to do so until the year 1847. 
 
 The first church was built of logs.* The lot on which it stood was owned 
 by Joseph Grub, in 1786. When it came into the possession of the Re- 
 formed and Lutheran people, or in what way, the court records have, as 
 yet, failed to give us any information. But on this lot. No. 88, on the orig- 
 inal town plat of Mercersburg, on North Fayette Street, a log church was 
 built some time after the year 1786, but previous to the year 1804. 
 
 The log church was used until the year 1813. It was then moved to- 
 the lot adjoining on the south; converted into a dwelling-house, and was 
 so occupied for many years. It was then used as a shop for some time, and 
 was only taken down and altogether removed in the spring of the year 1876, 
 by Christian Haulman, who wished to erect a new building on the lot on 
 which it stood. 
 
 A bell not honored with a place in a cupola or spire on the top of the log^ 
 church, but hung on several poles sunk in the ground a short distance away, 
 was used to call the people together for worship. This bell was afterward 
 placed in a small spire on the stone church, where it did service for a long 
 time. It was in due season elevated to a position in the cupola of Trinity 
 Church, and was used until it became cracked and entirely worthless. It was 
 then given in exchange, as old metal, when the bell in present use was pur- 
 chased. 
 
 The log building was used until 1813, when the lot adjoining on the north 
 was purchased of John Brownson by Michael Hoke and Jac. Geyer, in trust 
 for the Reformed and Lutheran congregations. On the land now owned a 
 new church of stone was erected. It was commenced in 1813, but was not en- 
 tirely finished until some time after 1820. It required patience and persever- 
 ance to build a church in those days, when the people were in moderate circum 
 stances, money scarce and times hard. The church was a credit to those that 
 built it. Dr. Welker describes this church as follows: " The stone church orig- 
 inally was entered on the side next the street, and the pulpit was on the 
 rear side opposite the door, and galleries were over the front side and the two 
 ends, the stairway starting at the left of the door. ' ' 
 
 The Rev. Rahauser, as already stated, served this congregation until Sep- 
 tember, 1817. Few additions were made during his pastorate, as the list of 
 commiinicants members only fourteen in 1821. The reason was that his charg& 
 was so large that he could preach here only once a month, and do very little 
 
 *£ee description under bead of Lutheran Church. 
 
BOROUGH Of MEECERSBURG. 523 
 
 pastoral visitation. No congregation could grow very rapidlj-- under those cir- 
 cumstances. Mr. Rahauser was, however, a faithful worker and an earnest 
 preacher. 
 
 Rev. F. A. Scholl's Pastorate. — Rev. Rahauser was succeeded by Rev. F. 
 A. Scholl, who served this congregation until 1830; he had five other preach- 
 ing points; he preached here once a month and in the German language ex- 
 clusively; this was a severe loss to the congregation, as many went where they 
 could hear preaching in the English language. Little pastoral work was done, 
 and the congregation was mainly held together by church affection and the 
 observance of the sacrament, which was only once a year. The highest num- 
 ber that communed at any time during the pastorate was forty-six, and the 
 smallest fourteen; the average number is twenty-one. 
 
 Rev. DiefPenbacher's Pastorate. — Rev. Dieffenbacher' s pastorate began in 
 1830 and continued until 1832. He preached at Loudon, McConnellsburg, and 
 the Little Cove. His pastorate marks an epoch in the history of this congre- 
 gation. He was the first pastor to make his home in Mercersburg. He 
 preached alternately in the German and English language. He held weekly 
 prayer-meeting, organized a Sunday-school, catechized the young, and kindled 
 new life and spirit in the hearts of the people. The attendance was largely 
 increased and the list of communicants more than doubled. Dr. Welker, who 
 began the Heidelberg catechism under his ministry, speaks of him as a most 
 amiable and exemplary Christian minister. 
 
 Rev. Dieffenbacher thought best to resign this charge in the spring of 
 1832, and accepted a call to Woodstock, Va. To a large part of the congrega- 
 tion this was a great loss. Yet how strange are the ways of God ! His resig- 
 nation opened the way to secure the location of the theological seminary and 
 the establishment of Marshall College at this place. 
 
 Rev. Hamilton Vandyke's Pastorate. — After Rev. Dieffenbacher had gone, 
 Rev. Hamilton Vandyke supplied the congregation with services for a short 
 time. He was assistant pastor to Rev. F. Rahauser in Chambersburg, in 
 preaching in the English language. 
 
 Rev. Meayer's Pastorate. — Rev. Jac. Meayer became pastor in the fall of 
 1883, and remained pastor till 1836. He was active and energetic, and the 
 congregation grew in numbers and interest under his ministry. He preached 
 in the German and English languages. 
 
 It was during his pastorate that the proposition to locate the theological 
 seminary and high school was brought before the people of Mercersburg and 
 vicinity. Rev. Meayer was heartily in favor of having it here, and worked 
 enthusiastically for its accomplishment. It is due to him to state that he was 
 largely instrumental in bringing it to pass. In his great enthusiasm to get the 
 institutions here it is said that ' ' he held out unwarrantable inducements to get 
 subscriptions, which in the end alienated many of the members of the church 
 from him, and undermined his reputation for integrity with the public. ' ' This 
 led 'to his resignation in 1836, when he became financial agent for the Theo- 
 logical Seminary. 
 
 Rev. Joseph F. Berg's Pastorate. — After Rev. Meayer resigned, the congre- 
 gation was served for a short time by Rev. Joseph F. Berg, who was professor 
 of languages in Marshall College, and at the same time pastor of this congre ■ 
 gation. This was the beginning of the year 1837. He was an eloquent 
 preacher, a fine scholar, and very pleasant, socially. The congregation was 
 greatly benefited by his brief pastorate. 
 
 Rev. John Rebaugh's Pastorate. — Rev. John Rebaugh became pastor in 
 the fall of 1837, and served thif. congregation until 1839. He was active and 
 
524 HISTORY OF FBANELIN COUNTY. 
 
 energetic, an earnest preacher and successful pastor. The congregation con- 
 tinued to grow and flourish during his pastorate. In 1839 the list of com- 
 municants numbered 116; the average number of communicants was eighty- 
 eight. 
 
 The congregation was without a pastor from 1839 to the spring of 
 1843, being supplied with services by the professors of the college and 
 seminary, and by candidates for the charge, of whom there were a goodly 
 number. The congregation suffered a great deal during this long vacancy 
 from want of pastoral care and attention. It could not be otherwise, 
 and yet the communions were held regularly, and were well attended 
 on the part of the membership. Additions were made from time to 
 time. In 1843 thirty-five members were added to the congregation. This 
 addition was owing largely to the work and influence of Mr. McCauley, then a 
 student in the theological seminary. During the winters of 1842 and 1843 he 
 had taught a catechetical class and prepared them for church membership. He 
 preached to the congregation under seminary license from April, 1843. He was 
 installed pastor of the congregation on the 11th of June, 1843, which relation 
 continued till the autumn of 1845. Rev. McCauley did an excellent work in 
 this congregation. He used his influence to have everything done systematic- 
 ally. The congregation adopted a constitution, which defined the duties of 
 officers and members, and provided for the regular election of the officers, the 
 regular meetings of the consistory, and a book for the keeping of a record of 
 the proceedings, as well as bringing about a better state of discipline than had 
 prevailed heretofore. The congregation grew rapidly under his ministry. 
 Ninety-one members were received into the congregation during his pastorate, 
 including the students. Dr. McCauley, speaking of his work here, says, 
 ' ' The period of my ministry in Mercersburg was characterized by a greater 
 degree of activity than any subsequent part of my ministerial life and met the 
 approbation of the Classis. ' ' He resigned in the autumn of 1845. 
 
 It was during Rev. McCauley' s pastorate that the brick church on Ea^t 
 Seminary Street in which we now worship was built. The movement to build 
 a new church originated in the college and seminary. The stone church was 
 too small for the commencement and anniversary occasions, and not in harmony 
 with the institutions of learning. The place in which the leading institutions 
 of this denomination were located demanded a larger and more handsome church. 
 The time had come when the congregation was able to build a church for its 
 own use, and which it required for its future development and growth. Such 
 were some of the arguments used to influence the congregation to undertake the 
 work. They were a little slow to move at first but at length decided to build 
 a new church, at a congregational meeting held October 6, 1844. Dr. Schaff 
 headed the subscription with 1100. On January 18, 1845, the committee ap- 
 pointed for the purpose had raised $4, 395, and was continued with instructions 
 to raise the amount as speedily as possible to 15,000. 
 
 The corner-stone of the new edifice was laid in June, 1845. 
 
 The church was not completed until the spring of 1847. It was dedicated 
 on May 30, 1847; the dedicatory services were conducted by Rev. J. Rebaugh; 
 the sermon was preached by Rev. J. W. Nevin, D. D. 
 
 Rev. William Philips' Pastorate.— Rev. Wm. Philips became pastor of the 
 congregation in December, 1846, and continued pastor until December, 1849. 
 The congregation had been taxed pretty heavily in building the new church, 
 and from this and other causes did not pay Rev. Philips' salary. He seems 
 to have done all that he could to build up the congregation in members and in 
 righteousness, biit became discouraged, and resigned in 1849. 
 
BOROUGH OF MEECEESBUEG. 525 
 
 The congregation remained without a pastor until 1851. It was supplied 
 with services during this time by the professors in the college and seminary, 
 and by persons who were candidates for the charge. Very little pastoral work 
 was done and the congregation became very much demoralized. 
 
 Rev. Theodore Appel's Pastorate. — In the spring of 1851, Rev. Theodore 
 Appel became pastor. He preached for the congregation on Sunday morning, 
 and taught in the college during the week. The congregation revived, grew 
 in interest and numbers, and some of the debts were canceled. The record 
 says that twenty- five persons, including students, were received into this con- 
 gregation during his pastorate. 
 
 Rev. Henry Wagner' s Pastorate. — Rev. Heniy Wagner became pastor in 
 1853 and served this congregation till 1856. During his pastorate seventeen 
 members, including the students, were admitted to membership. 
 
 Rev. G. G. Brown's Pastorate. — After various fruitless attempts to get a 
 pastor, the congregation extended a call to Mr. Brown, then a student in 
 the theological seminary, who accepted the call and served the congregation 
 until April, 1883. Under his ministry the congregation made steady progress. 
 He was a faithful pastor. During his pastorate 473 members, including 
 students, were added to the congregation, averaging about eighteen each year. 
 During his pastorate the parsonage on South Main Street was purchased, 
 and the throe building lots on the east of the church, on Seminary Street, were 
 presented to the congregation by Mrs. A. R. Schnebley, and one and part of 
 another lot adjoining them were presented to the congregation by the heirs of 
 Adam Hoke, for the building of a new parsonage for the congregation. So 
 that the church owns a parsonage and over four lots of ground near the 
 church, as well as having an interest in a property on Oregon Street. 
 
 Rev. J. W. Knappenberger succeeded Rev. Brown November 1, 1888, and 
 is pastor at the present time. The congregation at present is in a very pros- 
 perous condition. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first Methodist minister to preach in 
 Mercersburg was known as ' ' Daddy Stone. ' ' His first discourse was preached 
 in the bar-room of Henry Spangler, from whom the old missionary received 
 kind treatment. This occurred in 1807 in the hotel kept at that time by 
 Spangler., 
 
 For a period of about fifteen years, all worship was conducted in private 
 houses. In 1822 a small brick edifice was erected in the northwest corner of 
 the town. This structure was used till August 9, 1833, when a fire consumed 
 it and some six or eight others. In 1834 the present brick structure on the 
 corner of Fayette and East Seminary Streets was built at a cost of $2,300. 
 
 Preachers under the organization since 1826, have been Samuel Clarke, N. 
 B. Mills, Robert Minshall, JohnPaisel, James Lanks, George Hitt, Wm. Butler, 
 David Shaver, Christopher Parkison, James Reed, N. P. Cunningham, James 
 Bershley, Basil Barry, Jesse Stansbury, W. B. Edwards, D. Hartman, J. 
 Stine, J. Clary, T. C. Hays, J. M. Jones, P. D. Lipscomb, Jos. S. Rook, W. 
 Clem, M. Goheen, John Lanahan, P. McAnally, A. Jameson, W. How, E. 
 Teal, Wm. Monroe, Wm. Mercer, D. Hartman, John M. Green, B. F. Brook, 
 W. Monroe, T. T. Hyssong, Isaiah Forest, P. E. Waters, G. W. Cooper, E. 
 
 Welty, John Lloyd, Weltz, John Thrush, Horace Holland, John Her- 
 
 sey, Samuel Smith, D. Hartman, Jacob Hartman, J. Monroe, L. M. Gardner, 
 R. R. Murphy, W. R. Mills, J. H. Clippinger, N. Schloper, D. Castleman, 
 Wm. Ernshaw, Jas. H. McCord, Dr. T. Daugherty, James Curns, G. W. 
 Heyd, J. W. Buckley, J. P. Moore, J. H. Marsh, G. W. Izer, B. Rhodes, J. 
 H. S. Clark, F. Adams, Wm. Stevens, J. H. Colgrove, E. A. Deaver, John 
 
52(3 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Moorehead, B. H. Mosser, J. Mortimer, J. W. Forest, J. W. Feight. The 
 house of worship is undergoing repairs, at present, which will cost 12,000. 
 
 United Brethren Church. — This church was organized in 1867, with the 
 following charter members: John Sharar, John S. McCuen, David Springer 
 and others, former members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 John Cell, a member of the church in Peters Township, bought for $400, 
 the house formerly used by the Reformed and Lutheran Churches, and pre- 
 sented it to the new congregation. This house, repaired at a cost of about 
 $1,000, is still used by them. The preachers have been S. A. Mower, Luther 
 Bricker, Bingaman, Jacob L. Vancy, John Fohl, Jacob Wantz, D. W. Prof- 
 fit, S. T. Wallace,- W. H. Sherer, C. A. Butner, L. A. Mickey, W. A. Grim. 
 
 rAIHVIEW CEMETEBY. 
 
 This cemetery was incorporated on June 5, 1866, by S. A. Bradley, M. 
 Fallon, Atchison Ritchey, H. N. Eberly and D. M. B. Shannon. The grounds, 
 containing nearly twelve acres, were surveyed and drafted by Jas. D. McDow- 
 ell. Its first directors consisted of D. M. B. Shannon, S. A. Bradley, H. N. 
 Eberly, W. D. McKinstry and J. N. Brewer. Of this number Bradley was 
 president, McKinstry, secretary, and Brewer, treasurer. The present corps 
 embraces J. W. Witherspoon, president; J. N. Brewer, treasurer; "W. D. Mc- 
 Kinstry, secretary, and D. M. B. Shannon, superintendent. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 Mercersburg Savings Fund.— About 1845 this institution was established 
 by Wm. McKinstry, Jas. O. Carson, David Dunwoody, John Johnston and Ed- 
 ward Aughinbaugh. Mr. Aughinbaugh was its first cashier and secretary. 
 Johnston the second, and W. D. McKinstry its third and last. It had several 
 presidents in succession, the last one being John McFarland. It closed out 
 its business in 1857-58. 
 
 Farmers Bank. — This institution was organized as a bank of deposit June 
 1, 1874, by George C. Steiger,*Wm. Boyd, T. C. Johnston, Jos. Boyd, Joseph 
 Winger,* A. R. Schnebely,* F. C. Waidlich, J. N. Brewer,* John Waidlich,* 
 J. S. VVhitmer* and others. Geo. C. Steiger has acted as president from the 
 first; W. M. Marshall was cashier from 1874 to 1878, since which time J. W. 
 Witherspoon has held the position. The bank building was erected in 1881 at 
 a cost of $3,200. 
 
 FIRE COMPANY. 
 
 Eclipse Fire Company, of Mercersbm'g, was organized in December, 1885. 
 Its first oificers were Geo. W. Atherton, president; H. L. Waidlich, vice-presi- 
 dent; Geo. A. Hornbaker, secretary; A. B. Liuderbaugh, chief director; John 
 Pensinger, C. H. Fallon, assistant directors; John Bckert, treasurer; J. V. 
 Pheil, chief engineer; S. C. Jordan, Geo. W. Weitzel, assistant engineers; 
 David Criswell, chief pipeman; Oliver Myers, hose captain; M. S. Murray, 
 engine captain. Present officers: Geo. W. Atherton, president; John Pen- 
 singer, vice-president; Geo. A. Hornbaker, secretary; John Eckert, treasurer; 
 A. B. Lauderbaugh, chief director; John Pensinger, C. H. Fallon, assistant 
 directors; J. V. Phiel, chief engineer; S. C. Jordan, Ed. Anderson, assist- 
 ant engineers; J. Myers Martin, chief pipeman. 
 
 Hand engines were, used till 1885, when, in December, the village council 
 purchased a Silsby Engine for $2,200 and 1,000 feet of hose for $800. Three 
 large cisterns for water supply were dug in the village, holding 18,000, 20,000 
 and 25, 000 gallons respectively. 
 
 Time of meeting, first Tuesday evening of each month. 
 
 ♦Present board of directors. " ~^ 
 
BOROUGH OP MEROEKSBUEG. 529 
 
 SOOIETIES. 
 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows. — Marshall Lodge, No. 233, was organ- 
 ized March 12, 1847, with the following charter members: Adam Wolff, Noble 
 Grand; John D. Sehriver, Vice-Grand; A. M. Spangle, Secretary; Malaehi B. 
 Hassler, Assistant Secretary; Samuel Welchans, Treasurer. 
 
 The present is the second permanent hall, the first having been a room in 
 the McKinstry block. The first two were private dwellings, used but for a short 
 time. The present officers are A. R. Hoffeditz, Noble Grand; John A. Dale, 
 Vice-Grand; M. J. Slick, Secretary; John Waidlich, Assistant Secretary; Ban- 
 ner Graves, Treasurer; A. E. French, Chaplain. 
 
 The present membership is thirty-five; the value of lodge furniture and 
 regalia, 1400; resources of lodge, |2,600. 
 
 Capt J. P. McCollough Post, No 497, G. A. R. — Charter members: N. 
 W. Kuhn, M. J. Slick, A. A. Myers, A. E. French, Milton Hause, R. M. 
 Small, Saml. Sites, Wm. HoUingshead, Wm. F. Seltzer, Harry Shorts, G. 
 W. C. Myers, David F. McDonald, Jno. K. Shatzer, David T. Miller, Mi- 
 chael Kreps, J. G. McLaughlin, Jno. W. Winters, David Sharar, Jacob Spidal, 
 J. Monighan, Geo. W. H. Ely, John Bennett, D. S. Stouffer, W. E. Mc- 
 Kinstry, J. M. Greer, Wm. F. Mish, Isaac HoUingshead, Jacob Henninger. 
 This post was organized October 2, 1885, with the following officers: N. 
 W. Kuhn, C; Isaac HoUingshead, S. V. C. ; J. G. McLaughlin, J. V. 
 C. ; M. J. Slick, Adj. ; A. E. French, Q. M. ; David Criswell, S. M. ; A. A. 
 Myers, Q. M. S.; D. F. McDonald, O. D. ; W. F. Mish, O. G. ; Milton 
 Hause, Chap. ; Jacob Blattenberger, Surg. 
 
 (Capt. J. P. McCollough was born near Upton, Penn. , April 1, 1837. He 
 entered the One Hundred and Twenty- Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers as first sergeant of Company C, and was promoted for gallantry at the 
 battle of Fredericksburg to the captaincy of same company, Capt. Robt. 
 Brownson having been promoted to the majorship of the regiment. After the 
 muster out of the One Hundred and Twenty- Sixth Regiment, Capt. McCol- 
 lough entered the Two Hundred and Ninth Regiment as captain of Company 
 D, the 16th of September, 1864, to serve for one year. He participated with 
 the regiment in all its engagements till the 2d of April, 1865; when in front of 
 Petersburg he was wounded near Fort Cummings, a piece of shell striking his 
 right hip and wholly destroying it. He died about 10 o'clock the same night. 
 He was a good officer, and performed his duties faithfully. His body was 
 buried and still rests in the White Church Graveyard, about two and a half 
 miles east of Mercersburg.)^ 
 
 Sons of Veterans of United States Army. — Maj. Robert S. Brownson Camp 
 No. 132, division of Pennsylvania Sons of Veterans, TJ. S. A. , was organized and 
 mustered August 30, 1886. Officers: Captain, Geo. W. Atherton; first lieuten- 
 ant, Jno. A. Small; second lieutenant, W. C. Myers; chaplain, C. L. Seibert; 
 orderly sergeant, J. M. Kuhn; quartermaster-sergeant, J. T. Pensinger; ser- 
 geant of guard, Washington Winters; corporal of guard, D..E. Criswell; camp 
 guard, G. W. Ely; picket guard, W. J. Hepfor; color sergeant, Edwd. Win- 
 ters; trustees, Thos. St. Clair, E. C. Kershner and C. L. Seibert. The above 
 are all the charter members. The camp meets each Wednesday evening. in 
 McCollough Post room. Present membership is twenty-five. 
 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union. — This society was organized January 
 23, 1884, in the Methodist Church, by Mrs. McLauglin, of Boston. The original 
 officers were president, Mrs. Emma J. Baker; vice-presidents, Mrs. Culler, Mrs. 
 Kieffer, Mrs. Knappenberger and Mrs. Stevens; treasurer, Mrs. Reisner; re- 
 cording secretary. Miss E. D. Creigh; corresponding secretary. Miss Mary 
 
530 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY^ 
 
 Eitchey. The present officers are president, Mrs. Keisnerj vice-presidentB, 
 Mrs. KiefFer, Mrs. Culler and Mrs. Knappenberger; treasurer, Mrs. Beisnerj^^ 
 recording secretary, Mrs. E. J. Baker; corresponding secretary, Miss Eitchey; 
 superintendent of library, Mrs. Lane; assistant superintendent of library, Miss 
 McKinstry. The niunber of members is now thirteen. 
 
 CHAPTEK XXI. 
 
 BOEOUGH OF WATNESBOEO. 
 
 Origin of the Namb^Looation— The Plat— Obiginal Lot Owners— Incor- 
 poBATioN— Banks— Manufactories— Water- WORKS— Societies— CHUBCHEa- 
 —Temperance Union— Schools— Cemetery— A Famous Sewing Machine. 
 
 THE borough of Waynesboro was first christened Waynesburg, a name it 
 probably would have retained, but it was in time discovered there were- 
 other towns in the State bearing this name, and so it was changed. It is said 
 that it received its christening from this incident: Gen. Anthony Wayne, at 
 one time, in his travels through this part of the State, stopped over night at the 
 wayside inn that was then established here. He was pleased with his night's 
 entertainment and still more pleased with the cool, sparkling sweet water that 
 bubbled up from the spring hard by, and then too, when he looked on the wid& 
 and lovely landscape that lay spread before him, he was so impressed that he 
 remarked, "what a lovely place to build up a town." 
 
 location. 
 It is situated on the old national turnpike, leading from Baltimore to Pitts- 
 burgh through Greencastle and Waynesboro, in as lovely a spot as there is iiL 
 the rich and beautiful Cumberland Valley. The Baltimore & Cumberland 
 Valley branch of the Western Maryland Eailroad passes through it, and in it 
 terminates the Mont Alto branch of the Cumberland Valley Eailroad. 
 
 THE PLAT. 
 
 The village of Waynesburg (now Waynesboro) was laid out by John Wal- 
 lace, and the instrument signed by him in the presence of Jacob Stephens, 
 Peter Hefleigh (or Hoeflich) and David Soil, on December 29, 1797, Daniel 
 Eoyer attesting the signatures as justice of the peace. The land was held by 
 the original John Wallace, great-grandfather of the John in question, by^ 
 virtue of two warrants from the proprietors of Pennsylvania, dated M>aTch 1, 
 1749, and August 3, 1751, respectively. 
 
 A diamond was located, through which two streets at right angles were 
 run, the one east and west known as Greencastle and Nicholas Gap; the one 
 north and south, as the Chambersburg and Hagerstown road. 
 
 original lot owners. 
 
 The names of lot owners on original plat, recorded March 6, 1798. were as- 
 foUows: 
 
BOBOUGH OF WAYNESBORO. 
 
 531 
 
 1 Michael Corkery. 
 
 2 and 3 Jacob Stevens. 
 
 4 John Wilson. 
 
 5 John Burns. 
 
 6 Christian Cagy. 
 
 7 Jacob Wolf. 
 
 8 Daniel Corkery. 
 
 9 Robt. Buchanan. 
 
 10 James Moorhead. 
 
 11 and 12 Hans Gordon. 
 13 and 14 David ShuU. 
 15 and 16 Henry Pore. 
 
 17 Henry Neely. 
 
 18 Henry Neisely. 
 
 19 and 20 John Ziter. 
 
 21 Wm. Miner. 
 
 22 Patrick Mooney. 
 
 23 and 24 Hans Gordon. 
 25 James Moorhead. 
 
 * # # 
 
 27 Hans Gordon. 
 
 28 and 29 Adam Lenhart. 
 30 Michael Corkery. 
 
 81 Abraham Stoner. 
 
 82 and 34 John Wilson. 
 
 83 Jacob Holm 
 
 85 Hans Gordon. 
 
 86 Abraham Stoner. 
 
 37 and 38 Michael Corkery. 
 89 Michael Stoner. 
 
 40 James Downey, Sr. 
 
 41 John Wallace, Jr. 
 43 Jacob Stoner. 
 
 43 Samuel Royer, Sr. 
 
 44 David Parks. 
 
 45 James Downey, Jr. 
 
 46 Jacob Holmes, Jr. 
 
 47 Jacob Holsinger. 
 
 48 John Stoner. 
 
 49 Henry Smith. 
 
 50 David Stoner. 
 
 51 Abram Stoner. 
 
 52 58, and 54 Peter Hefleigh. 
 55 to 60, inclusive, Michael 
 Corkery . 
 
 * * * 
 
 69 and70forDutchLutheran 
 
 meeting-house. 
 71 and 73 Peter Hefleigh. 
 
 73 John Hefleigh, Jr. 
 
 74 Peter Hefleigh. 
 
 75 and 76 John Thomson. 
 
 77 John Wilson. 
 
 78 and 79 Fleming &McClan- 
 nahan. 
 
 80 Jacob Stevens. 
 
 81 Hans Gordon. 
 
 84 Thomas Hunter. 
 
 85 for Church. 
 
 86 Joshua Stevens. 
 
 87 to 90, inclusive, Jacoli, 
 Stevens. 
 
 The chance finding of this old record gives nearly a full list of the early- 
 settlers in and about the village. Many of the names of these pioneer families 
 are still those of their respectable descendants in the county. 
 
 This tract of land was first taken up by John Wallace, Sr. , in 1749. The- 
 settlements for some time around it grew slowly. For some time after a 
 hostelry was first opened it was called by the neighbors " Wallacetown. " 
 
 When the ground was platted and the village laid out by John Wallace, 
 Jr., grandson of the above named John Wallace, the people then began to 
 purchase property in the place, and several residences were soon put up. Th* 
 price of choice lots was fixed at £6 each, and others at £5, with a quit rent of" 
 $1 per lot annually. 
 
 INCOEPOBATION. 
 
 December 21, 1818, the town was incorporated into a borough, and them 
 definitely named Waynesboro. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The First National Bank of Waynesboro. — This bank, which grew out of 
 the savings bank, an institution established in about 1856, was organized ut 
 1863, first directors being George Jacobs, Daniel Mickley, Samuel Frantz,. 
 George Besore, James H. Clayton, Alex. Hamilton, John Price, Henry Good,. 
 W. S. Amberson. Presidents have been George Jacobs and W. S. Amberson, 
 the present one being Joseph Price. John Philips has been cashier since thfr 
 organization. 
 
 Tfie Waynesboro Savings Fund Society was started in February, 1883. 
 John MiU, treasurer untU 1886, was succeeded by John Philips, present incum.- 
 bent. Capital stock, $75,000; surplus, 115,000. 
 
 MANDFAOTOBIES. 
 
 Waynesboro from its first settlement was regarded as the best point for 
 manufactories in the county. In this respect it took the lead, and maintains 
 it to this day. 
 
 Frick Company.- — George Frick, general superintendent, began the manu- 
 facture of grain drills and small machinery at Quincy, three mil^s north 
 of Waynesboro, about 1848; afterward removed to Ringgold, Md., three miles 
 south of Waynesboro, where he continued the business,, adding that of thresh- 
 ing machines and, later, steam engines. In 1860 he removed to Waynesboro, 
 
532 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 built shops on the ground now occupied by the Geiser Manufacturing Com- 
 pany's works, and increased his line of manufactures. In 1866 works were 
 built adjoining the original shops, and the manufacture was confined to steam 
 engines, boilers, saw-mills, etc. In 1871 he associated C. F. Bowman as part- 
 ner, under the firm name of Friek & Bowman, which continued till the death 
 of Mr. Bowman in 1872, after which a stock company was formed under the 
 name of Frick & Co., and commenced business February 10, 1873, with a 
 capital of $35,000. Increase of business and want of railroad facilities led to 
 a removal of the works to the west end of the town, where new shops were 
 built in the winter of 1881 and spring of 1882, which gave increased capacity 
 to meet the growing demand for their machinery. The cost of the land and 
 buildings was 1150,000, and the machinery, $130,000. 
 
 In the month of October, 1884, arrangements were made to incorporate 
 the company under the laws of the State, and on January 15, 1885, a charter 
 was issued to the company, ander which they commenced business February 
 1, 1885, as Frick Company. The charter capital is $1,000,000, of which 
 $900,000 had been the paid up capital of Frick & Co. and is the working 
 eapital of the company at present. 
 
 Upon the organization of Frick & Co. John Philips was elected president, 
 which position he held during the entire continuance of that company, and 
 also the first year of Frick Company. S. B. Einehart, Esq., was elected 
 president for the present year. George Prick has been general superinten- 
 dent since the formation of the company. The following board of directors of 
 Friek Company has (1887) been elected: S. B. Rinehart, W. H. Snyder, 
 Samuel Hoeflich, A. H. Strickler, A. O. Frick, Daniel Tritle, C. L. Hamilton^ 
 Jno. Philips, Jacob S. Lesher. 
 
 The Geiser Manufacturing Co., one of the largest manufacturing estab- 
 lishments in its line in the State, began business in a small way on the site of 
 its present works, in the year 1866, under the firm name of Geiser, Price & 
 Co., the individual members being Daniel Geiser, B. E. Price, Josiah Pahrney 
 and J. F. Oiler. With a capital of $16,000 they confined their operations to 
 the building of separators and horse-powers. Their success was so great that 
 the following year they purchased the entire works, heretofore leased by them, 
 and in 1868 the firm was increased by the addition of Daniel Hoover, John 
 Philips and John S. Oiler, to its membership. The business of this year 
 increased to $185,000. January 1, 1869, the firm became incorporated under 
 the title ot The Geiser Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $134,600. 
 New buildings were erected, until the works covered nearly two acres of ground, 
 with a capacity of four machines per day, employing about 175 hands, the 
 business at this time amounting to from $185,000 to $200,000 per annum. 
 The stockholders were Daniel Geiser, B. E. Price, Josiah Pahrney, J. P. Oiler, 
 Daniel Hoover, Jno. Philips, A. D. Morganthall, A. E. Price, Joseph Price 
 and Samuel Hoeflich. The manufacture of "The Geiser" separators and 
 horse-powers was continued till the fall of 1879, when, on the 11th day of 
 November, they purchased the steam engine works of F. P. & A. B. Landis 
 of the city of Lancaster, which, together with all the machinery, stock in trade' 
 etc., were moved to Waynesboro, necessitating a still further increase of the 
 works, the erection of more buildings for the accommodation of thie branch of 
 the business, and it was not till the first of April, 1880, that everything was in 
 readiness for the manufacture of the now celebrated "Peerless " steam engine 
 the demand for it increasing, as its reputation extended, year by year, till these 
 extensive works were pushed to their fullest capacity. The business was inter- 
 rupted and a serious loss entailed on this company by the almost entire deatruc- 
 
BOBOUGH OF WAYNESBOEO. 533 
 
 tion of their works by fire April 29, 1882. The loss was heavy and the blow a 
 severe one, yet the men who had conducted this business from its inception to 
 this time were not easily discouraged, but at once erected temporary buildings, 
 pushed forward the work, and in a few weeks the shipment of engines and 
 separators was again commenced, the heavy business of that year attesting to 
 their energy. At the same time the erection of the present extensive and sub- 
 stantial buildings was begun and carried on as fast as possible to completion, 
 till to-day they stand an ornament to the town of Waynesboro as well as an im- 
 portant factor in its prosperity, a monument to the men of energy composing 
 The Geiser Manufacturing Company, and an item of no small magnitude in 
 the history of Franklin County. The following are some of the dimensions of 
 the several buildings: Main building 334x55 feet, three stories high; one 
 wing, 150x55 feet, three stories high; one wing, 120x55 feet, one story; foun- 
 dry, 190x68 feet, one and two stories; boiler shop, stack shop, paint shop 
 and testing department in proportion; pattern house, a three-story building, 
 50x50 feet, all of brick, built in the most substantial manner. The capital 
 stock is $656,000, the list of stockholders being too long to secure personal 
 mention in this article. The officers for 1886 were Daniel Hoover, president 
 and superintendent; B. E. Price, vice-president; J. J. Oiler, treasurer; J. F. 
 OUer, assistant treasurer; A. D. Morganthall, secretary; F. F. Landis, 
 mechanical engineer; directors, B. E. Price, Josiah Fahrney, Daniel Hoover, 
 A. E. Price, A. D. MorganthaU, J. F. Oiler, Eeuben Shover, Jason Bell; 
 treasurer, Melchor Elden; secretary, A. D. Morganthall. Of the original 
 incorporators all are still living except Daniel Geiser, who died November 19, 
 1882. 
 
 American Manufacturing Company buUd the celebrated fruit evaporators, 
 that are marketed in this country. South America and Europe. The reputa- 
 tion of these fruit dryers is unequaled, and they are in such demand, that the 
 factory is constantly run to its full capacity. 
 
 Sash and Door Factory. — M. Good & Bro. have an extensive sash and door 
 factory. 
 
 Hosiery Factory. — Lidy & Hess Seamless Hosiery factory was established 
 in a small way in 1884, by G. Frank Lidy, at first with a capacity of two 
 dozen half- hose per day. It has grown to a capacity of eighty dozen per day, 
 employing forty-five girls, two boys and three men. In 1885 J. C. Hess was 
 made a partner. The plant was taken to Hagerstown, Md. , in 1886. 
 
 Planing Mill, — Daniel Shookeyhas a planing- mill, and deals extensively in 
 walnut lumber. 
 
 Miscellaneous. — There are six warehousemen, grain and coal dealers, three 
 hotels, three firms dealing in stoves and hardware, four printing and job 
 offices [for particulars as to the newspapers of the town, see Chapter X.] 
 four d^ goods stores, fourteen grocery stores, two jewelers, three druggists, 
 three hat and shoe stores, six clothing houses, six millinery establishments, 
 and a corresponding number of the usual smaller establishments. 
 
 WiTER-WOKKS. 
 
 No town in the State is better supplied with excellent water than Waynes- 
 boro. In addition to the elegant springs, that for years were the town's sup- 
 ply, the borough is now provided with the most perfect water- works. It was 
 made by simply building a reservoir on the side of the hill, and putting in 
 pipes to conduct it into the town, the force of gravitation answering all the 
 purposes of expensive machinery. 
 
-■534 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows. — Lodge No. 219 was organized February 
 16, 1847, by Joseph Bender, H. Stonehouse, J. H. Stoner, J. B. Eesser, J. 
 C Tracy, F. A. Harbaugh, J. Mills. First officers: J. "W. Stoner, N. G. ; 
 H. Stonehouse, V. G. ; J. B. Resser, Sec. ; J. C^ Tracy, Ass't Sec. ; Joseph 
 Bender, Treas. This hall was built in 1873, at an expense of $6,000; number 
 of members, 111. 
 
 Knights of Pythias. — George Washington Lodge, No. 487, K. P., 
 was organized March 7, 1883, in Odd Fellows Hall by B. F. Gilmore, 
 ID. D. G. C, Simon Wiener, A. M. Frick, G. B. Beaver, Wm. A. Price, 
 J. G. Hess, J. Wiener, D. W. Burns, J. H. Brown, D. Johnston, B. H. Gar- 
 iinger, D. T. Miller, F. Sothers, J. F. Lohman, A. Bowders, A. Baker, L. 
 Kretzer, J. P. Lowell, A. D. Morganthall, G. H. Baker, H. H. Barkus, Ezra 
 flinestine, W. A. Diener, A. W. Ovelman, L. Snyder, W. F. McGrail, D. 
 King, A. C. Rossman, W. A. Hess, John Neal, J. Frantz, E. C. Morganthall, 
 Jacob Funk, Fred. Funk, S. Six. Jacob F. Lohman died six months after 
 institution, and J. H. Brown, a past officer and the founder of the lodge, in fact, 
 ■was suddenly killed at Phcenixville, Penn., Iron Works, January 28, 1886. 
 Original officers: G- Beaver, P. C. ; S. Wiener, C. C. ; W. Price, V. C. ; J. Brown, 
 Prelate; E. Morganthall, M. A. ; A. D. Morganthall, K. R. & S. ; D. Johnston, 
 M. E. ; Jacob Wiener, M. F. ; D. W. Burns, I. G. ; J. C. Hess, O. G. ; J. P. 
 Lowell, A. Frick, J. P. Frantz, Trustees. The membership numbers 68. 
 
 The Waynesboro Academy of Medicine was instituted March 3, 1884. The 
 •original members were Drs. Benj. Frantz, I. N. Snively, A. H. Strickler, 
 John M. Eipple, James B. Amberson, John A. Bouse, Geo. W. Boteler, and 
 Joseph Frantz. Officers: Dr. Benj. Frantz, president; Dr. I. N. Snively, 
 vice-president; Dr. J. B. Amberson, secretary and treasurer, and Drs. John 
 M. Ripple, John A. Bouse and Joseph Frantz, censors. 
 
 The avowed objects were " to promote the usefulness, honor and interests 
 •of the medical profession, and for the purpose of fostering friendly inter- 
 course between those engaged in the profession. Their anniversary exercises 
 were held February 18. Present officers, J. B. Amberson, president; John M. 
 Ripple, vice-president; J. Frantz, secretary and treasurer; Drs. Koons, 
 Fritz, L N. Snively, censors. 
 
 The first medical society of Waynesboro was called to meet at the office of 
 Dr. E. H. Henry, April 18, 1872. The following officers were elected: Dr. 
 Benj. Frantz, president; A. H. Strickler, secretary. The membership of this 
 society was composed wholly of physicians of the town: Drs. B. Frantz, A. H. 
 Strickler, I. N. Snively, John M. Ripple, A. S. Bonebrake, E. A. Herring. 
 
 Improved Order Red Men. — TJncas Tribe, No. 101, I. O. R. M., was organ- 
 ized May 15, 1870, in Odd Fellows Hall, by J. R. Reiniger and W. A. Price, 
 ■with seventeen charter members. First officers were J. B. Russell, W. A. 
 Price, W. A. Hanstine. They place their wigwam in Odd Fellows Hall. This 
 is said to be first society of this order organized in America. It has a mem- 
 bership of ninety-four. 
 
 Grand Army of the Republic. —Gapt. JohnE. Walker, Post No. 287,wa8 or- 
 ganized September 22, 1882. The following were charter members: H. G. Bone- 
 brake, F. J. Beard, D. C. Detrich, P. R. Welsh, W. A. Price, L. W. Detrich, 
 J. E. Hoeflich, G. G. Pilkington, I. J. Cunningham, J. W. Wheeler, A. D. 
 Morganthall, Geo. A. Rhea, J. B. French, D. Cleverstine, G. W. Welsh, G. 
 Frank Lidy, A. Bowder, M. H. Stiner, Jas. P. Wolff, J. E. Wolfersperger, 
 Samuel Hoeflich, A. S. Bonebrake, J. C. Smith, C. S. Eckman, E. S. Hans- 
 tine, Jacob Potter, J. A. Dieloler, J. C. Martin, I. N. Snively, M, D., Henry 
 
BOEOUQH OF WAYNESBOEO. 535 
 
 Manns, J. L. Weagley, Wm. Symons. First officers: H. G. Bonebrake, com- 
 mander; P. R. Welsh, adjutant; S. Hoeflich, quartermaster. Present offi- 
 cers: John J. Grumbine, commander; Wm. H. Miller, senior vice-commander; 
 E. Diffenderfer, junior vice-commander; F. J. Beard, chaplain; P. R. Welsh, 
 sergeant-n^jor; Jer. Zimmerman, O. D. ; Abram Bender, O. G. Delegates 
 "to encampment, Geo. F. Lidy, alternate W. W. Leach. 
 
 (We insert, as most appropriate here, a short sketch of Capt. Walker from 
 ■whom the post is named: John Edmund Walker was born in Waynesboro, 
 March 11, 1839, a son of Dr. Thomas and Harriet Walker. He spent his 
 ■childhood days at the Waynesboro schools, and when the war broke out he en- 
 listed in the ninety days' seirvice and served his time. He then raised part of a 
 company and again enlisted with the rank of first lieutenant in Company A, 
 Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers; was promoted to the captaincy; 
 served until near the close of the war; took part in many hard fought battles; 
 was wounded at the battle of Stone River, and, creeping from the battle field 
 Tinder cover of darkness, was sent home to recruit in strength and for the regi- 
 ment. He fell near Atlanta, Ga., August 5, 1864, shot through the temples; 
 his body fell into the hands of the enemy. Friends tried to bring the body 
 from the field but were forced to retire under heavy fire. They, however, 
 aeoured his sword, but in the chances of war it never reached the hands of 
 those for whom' it was intended. His sacred ashes rest among the ' ' unknown. ' ' 
 It is supposed they ate in some one of the national cemeteries. A cenotaph 
 to his memory has been erected in Waynesboro. ) 
 
 CHXTRCHES. 
 
 The Oerman Baptist Church gives us the earliest church history of Waynes- 
 boro and vicinity. The old Antietam Church was organized in 1752. Its 
 first location was not in, but near, Waynesboro. Its founders were John Price, 
 TJlrich Snowberger, Dr. Geerge Gingerich, Theodore Ingold, John Funk and 
 David Stover. The first officers were D. Stover, John Funk and William Sto- 
 ver. Their first rude log church was built in 1798, Welty's church in 1836, 
 and Snowberger* s in 1853; the latter in the town of Waynesboro. This was 
 the pioneer church. It existed in the days of Indian forays and massacres. 
 The congregation for years carried their guns regularly to church, stacked 
 them by the door, and placed a sentinel by them to give the alarm, so that the 
 men coiild rush to their arms. The territory of this congregation was very 
 large, and in time it was divided into subdivisions as follows: Manor and 
 Beaver Creek, in Maryland, Welsh Run, Back Creek Ridge and Falling 
 Springs, in Franklin County, and the original Antietam Church. It was im- 
 possible to have regular supplies until 1790. Those in charge from that date to 
 the present were as follows: Revs. William Stover, George A. Martin, John 
 Funk, Daniel Stover, John Royer, Jacob Holsinger, Henry Strickler, Jacob 
 Fahrney, Israel Senger, D. Fogelsonger, Daniel Keefer, William Boyer, 
 Jacob Price, David Bock, Isaac Benner, Abram Stanny, Joseph F. Rohrer, 
 Joseph Garber, Daniel Holsinger, Jacob FoUer, D. F. Good, Abram Golly, 
 Jacob Snider, Daniel Baker, John D. Benedict, B. E. Price, Tobias F. Imler. 
 Present membership is 405. ' 
 
 The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Waynesboro, Penn., was organized by 
 Rev. John Ruthrauff in the year 1800 with the following charter members: 
 Jason Bell, Martin Geiser, G. W. McGinley, T. J. Filbert, Daniel Tritle and 
 John Johnston. As was customary in the earlier days, the Lutheran and Re- 
 formed Churches occupied the same houses. The present commodious church 
 was built in 1869 at a cost of $j 1,000, and greatly repaired under the minis- 
 
536 HISTOKY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 try of Eev. P. Bergstresser, in 1885, at a cost of $9,000 The foUo-wing pas- 
 tors have served the congregation: Bevs. JohnButtirauff, from 1798 to 18Z5; 
 Samuel K. Hoshour, 1825-29; John Beck, 1829-35; John P. Cline, 1835-40; 
 F W. Conrad, D. D., 1840-44; John Heck, 1844-57; John F. OampbeU. 
 D D 1857-62; Edwin Dorsey, M. D., 1862-63; Alfred Bnhrman, 1863-71; 
 C" L. keedy, M. D., 1871-75; P. Bergstresser, I>. D., 1876-87.* In 1879 was 
 held a spirited discussion, lasting through a period of seven days, between ttxe 
 pastor, Bev. P. Bergstresser, and Elder S. H. Bashor, of Ashland, Ohio, 
 The subjects were "Baptism," "The Lord's Supper," and "Feet Wash- 
 ing " The debate, which aroused great excitement in Waynesboro, was pub- 
 liSi'ed, and an edition of 2,000 copies was readily sold. The congregation, 
 which enrolls about 400 members, is maintained at an annual expense of $1,000. 
 The Trinity Befwmed Church was organized out of a part of the member- 
 ship of the Salem (Besore's) congregation, in 1817. First pastor, Eev. 
 Jonathan Bahauser; second, Bev. F. A. Scholl; worshiped in the Union 
 Church on Church Street, owned conjointly by the Lutherans, Presby- 
 terians, and Eeformed until 1826. A log church was built on the site occupied 
 by the present edifice, and dedicated May 20, 1827. Mr. SchoU's services 
 being altogether in German, the need of English services was felt, and Eev. 
 G. W. Glessner was called in 1831. He officiatodiu English and German. A 
 new brick church was built, the comer-stone of which was laid in the spring 
 of 1833, and it was dedicated June 21, 1834. An addition of eighteen feet 
 was built to the rear end of it in 1839. Bev. Glessner resigned in 1840, and 
 was succeeded by Eev. J. H. A. Bomberger, who remained until 1845, when 
 Eev. Theodore Appel took charge and remained two years. Eev. G. W. 
 Glessner became pastor the second time, remaining until 1851. Eev. H. W. 
 Super took charge and remained until 1854, was then absent one year, when 
 he returned and remained in charge until 1862; from this year to 1868, Eev. 
 Walter B. Krebs was in charge. Eev. H. H. W. Hibshman succeeded Eev. 
 Krebs in July, 1869, and remained in charge until October 1877. During his 
 time, the present house of worship was built, the comer- stone of which was 
 laid August 7, 1870, and it was dedicated December 24, 1871. The present 
 pastor in charge, Eev. F. F. Bahner, was installed December 1, 1877. Dur- 
 ing his pastorate the church indebtedness has been paid, and large accessions 
 made to the congregation. 
 
 St. Paul's Reformed Church. -r-The membership originally of this church 
 was organized out of the old (Trinity) church in 1873. The officers were S. 
 Hoeflich, D. B. Eussell, W. F. Grove, elders; J. E. Hoeflich, T. E. Eesser 
 and G. F. Lidy, deacons. Their church building was erected in 1871, at a 
 cost of $3,000. The first pastor, Eev. W. C. Shaffer; present pastor, Eev. 
 Isaac M. Motter. Membership 130. 
 
 St. Andreufs Catholic Church was organized in 1819, where the Catholic 
 graveyard now is, with the following charter members: Michael Coskery, Dr. 
 John Oellig, William Mooney, Eichard Hayden, James A. Yerk and others. 
 A small wooden building was erected the same year at a cost of $400. This 
 congregation was served by Eevs. Lockey and Westfield, and probably some 
 others whose names are unknown. 
 
 In 1850 another organization by the same name was formed, consisting of 
 Joseph Hoover, Jacob Wright, Michael Little, David Eyder, Samuel Eyder 
 and Henry Harret. By them a brick edifice was erected at a cost of $2,000 
 on the corner of Main and Broad Streets. It has been served by the foUow- 
 
 *ReT. P. Bergstresser, D. D., of Waynesboro, has accepted a call extended him b^ the Lutheran congregii- 
 tion of Middletown, Md., and bis resignation of his present charge has been accepted by the (Jeneral Council 
 of the congregations composing it. 
 

BOBOUGH OP WAYNESBOEO. 539 
 
 ing pastors: Bevs. James Miller, Dougherty, J. J. Demming and J. Sleater. 
 It has a membersliip of sixty. 
 
 The United Brethren in Christ Church has a brick edifice and frame parson- 
 age. The buildings were erected in 1882. The first officers were B. Heller 
 leader; Christian Miller, steward; B. F. Funk, D. Barnhart, C. Miller, trust'- 
 tees. The church buildings were erected under the pastorate of Eev.' J.' H. 
 Young, the first minister in charge. He remained until 1885, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Eev. A. H. Shank, and then the present pastor, Dr. B. Burkholder, 
 was installed in 1886. Membership, sixty. 
 
 Methodist Church. — There are lio recorded data by which to fix with certainty 
 the date when Methodism was introduced into Waynesboro. In the early part 
 of this century the preachers on Carlisle Circuit included this among their 
 preaching points, and it was by one of them, the Eev. J. Gruber, in aJl prob- 
 ability, that the first converts were received into the society. The first class- 
 was formed about the year 1805, and consisted of three members, Mrs. Phoebe 
 Wilson and her daughters, Hannah and Margaret, who had formerly been con- 
 nected with a meeting of Friends in Chester County. About this time Charles 
 Bice, an Irishman, removed to the town. He had been a class-leader in his 
 native country, and was at once appointed to that position in the incipient so- 
 ciety here. Meetings for worship were regularly held in a log building on 
 Main Street, formerly used as a carpenter shop. Preaching services usually 
 occurred on Tuesday evenings, when the clergyman remained over night with 
 Squire Nathaniel Wilson. There was no remarkable increase in the member- 
 ship until 1823, when Bevs. James Hanson and Eobert Clark held a camp- 
 meeting on what was then knovm as the Wallace farm, southeast of town. 
 This was the first evangelistic effort of the kind ever made in the vicinity, and 
 was regarded as a novel method of procedure. The encampment consisted 
 of five tents and "a half," the latter being a covered wagon owned by a Mr. 
 Anderson, whose desire to participate in the meeting exceeded his ability to 
 provide the usual accommodations. A number of prominent citizens united 
 with the society, and from this time the hostility and suspicion with which it 
 had formerly been regarded seem to have completely subsided. 
 
 The erection of a church building was at once agitated. A lot of ground 
 at the corner of Church and Second Streets was secured and the work of build- 
 ing was at once begun. Much of the material and labor was contributed gra- 
 tis by the members, and although in size and appointments the structure com- 
 pared favorably with others of a similar character, its cost represented a compar- 
 atively modest sum. It was built of brick, and in conformity with the ideas of 
 church architecture in vogue at the period, had a wide vestibule, high pulpit, 
 and uncomfortable seats. It was completed in 1825 or 1826, and thus, within 
 twenty-five years from the time the first efforts to effect an organization were 
 made, the society was firmly established and had every prospect of a prosper- 
 ous future. The succeeding thirty years present little of interest. In 1831 
 a second camp-meeting was held in what was then known as.Pin-e Gtrove, a local 
 pleasure resort on the Quincy road. Bev. Edward Smith was the pastor at 
 this time. The appointment was successively transferred from Carlisle Circuit 
 to Hagerstown Circuit, and then to Greencastle Circuit, which, when Bevs. 
 Elias Welty and John Z. Lloyd were pastors in 1848, comprised thirteen ap- 
 pointments. Waynesboro became a station in 1856 and was placed in charge 
 of Bev. John H. C. Dosh. In September, 1857, the corner-stone of a new 
 church edifice was laid, a camp-meeting of several days' duration forming part 
 of the exercises. The dedication occurred in the following year. This build- 
 ing occupies the site of its predocessor, and ranks among the most substantial 
 and attractive churches in theco mty. 
 
540 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The following list of pastors since 1856 has been compiled from the annual 
 •conference minutes: 1856-58, John H. C. Dosh; 1858-60, Thomas Daugherty; 
 
 1860, Eichard Norris; 1861, Bescoel; 1862, Savage; 1863-65, A. M. 
 
 Kesler; 1865-67, C. F. Thomas; 1867-69, Daniel ShefEery; 1869-71, J. A. De- 
 Moyer; 1871-74, J. Donahue; 1874, W. L. Spottswood; 1875-78, J. H. Mc- 
 Oord; 1878-81, William H. Keith; 1881-83, Thomas S. "Wilcox; 1888-86, 
 A.lfred S. Bowman; 1886, Benjamin Mosser. Owing to the illness of the lat- 
 ter, Eev. Buck, ex- missionary to India, has performed the active work of 
 
 the pastorate since October, 1886. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — The early history of this church in Waynesboro is in- 
 volved in obscurity. The records have unfortunately been lost and such informa- 
 tion as is now attainable is entirely traditional and correspondingly meager and 
 unsatisfactory. It appears that as early as 1790, there were Scotch-Irish families 
 residing in the vicinity who were occasionally supplied with preaching. An 
 organization was effected but not continuously sustained, owing to the sparsely 
 settled character of the country and the difficulty of procuring a settled pas- 
 tor. It is said that in 1805 there was an unfinished church buUding on Church 
 Street, but the preponderance of evidence seems to indicate that no effort in 
 "this direction was made until 1811, when Lutherans, Eeformed and Presbyterians 
 united in buildiiig a church on the site of the German Baptist meeting-house. 
 The original organization was then revived, and a pastor called in connection 
 with the church at Greencastle. The latter place was thenceforth the Presby- 
 terian center of a large section of country. Eevs. Long, Buchanan, Davie, 
 Emerson, Clark, Eichardson, Beatty and Wightman were successively pastors 
 at Waynesboro under these circumstances, all residing there except Mr. Clark, 
 who lived at Millerstown, Adams County. The several parties to the owner- 
 ship of the union church having disposed of their respective interests, Mr. 
 Wightman suggested to his congregation the erection of a separate church build- 
 ing. An eligible site was secured and the project assumed definite form in 
 the appointment gf a building committee, consisting of D. F. Gordon, J. H. 
 Clayton and W. S. Amberson. 
 
 Active building operations were begun in 1865 ; March 26, 1867, the spire 
 was completed, and in July of the following year, the finished structure was 
 dedicated. It is a brick building with a seating capacity of 500, and 
 is pleasantly located on the principal street of the town. The first resident 
 pastor was Eev. W. N. Geddes, and his successors in regular order, Eobert F. 
 McClean, Samuel McLanahan and T. C. McCarrell, the present incumbent, 
 who preached his introductory sermon July 11, 1880, and was ordained and 
 installed July 21, 1880. The present membership is 150. The present ses- 
 sion is constituted as follows: W. S. Amberson, elected in 1862; James H. 
 Clayton and Joseph Price, elected in 1873; Thomas H. West and Williairf 
 Hammett. Among those who were prominently identified with the earlier his- 
 tory of this church were John Clayton, William Downey, William Fulton, 
 James Bums and Eobert Mcllvaney. 
 
 TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 The Women's Christian Temperance Union, of Waynesboro, was organized 
 in October, 1888, by Mrs. John Shinafield, president of the Chambersburg 
 Union, and some of her associate officers. The officers elected were: Presi- 
 dent, Mrs. Samantha A. Brenisholts; vice-presidents, Mrs. Eev. McCarrell, 
 Presbyterian Church; Mrs. Eev. Bahner, Eeformed Church; Mrs. Jennie Sto- 
 ver, Methodist Episcopal Church; Mrs. C. C. Eyler, Lutheran Chllrch; sec- 
 retary, Miss Kate Brotherton; treasurer, Mrs. Annie Hawker. The union 
 needs to be aroused to increased activity, is the opinion of the presiding officer. 
 
BOROUGH OF WAYNESBOEO. 541 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The towa has long been noted for the excellence of its schools and the 
 comfort of its school buildings. The present building was erected in 1871, 
 meeting with strong opposition when first suggested. The total cost of 
 buildings was $22,000. They were provided for and erected under the aus- 
 pices of the following board: J. H. Krebs, president; John Hamilton, sec- 
 retray; John Coon, WUliam Hamilton, Dr. Herring, George Harbaugh. The 
 enrollment at present is 600 pupils. The present board consists of Dr. F. S. 
 Brenisholts, president; George M. D. Bell, secretary; J. E. Wolf kill. Dr. 
 A. H. Strickler, Dr. B. F. Boteler, J. B. Krebs. High school — Principal, 
 Charles H. Albert; assistant, Miss L. C. Clugston. Grammar school — Princi- 
 pal, L. F. Benchoff; assistant, D. C. Weller. Intermediate schools — A grade, 
 Flo. Eichardson; B grade, Ida M. Negley; C grade, Jennie Cunningham. 
 Primary schools— A grade, Emma Worley; B grade, Mary Gordon; C grade, 
 Mamie J. Criswell and Annie Staufifer; D grade, Ada M. Hewitt and May 
 Shank. The fiscal statement for 1885 shows receipts, 17,100.82; expendi- 
 tures, $6,940.14. 
 
 CEMETERY. 
 
 Bum's Hill Cemetery was incorporated in 1880 by James P. Wolfe, 
 W. S. Amberson, T. H. West, John B. Hamilton, George W. Welsh, A. J. 
 Beard. The first board of directors were Dr. J. M. Eipple, John B. Hamil- 
 ton, George W. Welsh, Charles West, James H. Clayton, James P. Wolfe, 
 Jesse Beard. The present officers are: Dr. J. M. Eipple, president; George 
 W. Welsh, secretary, and W. S. Amberson, treasurer. 
 
 A FAMOUS SEWING MACHINE. 
 
 In the spring of 1886 Miss Addle G. Beaver, of Waynesboro, conceived 
 the novel idea of securing a sewing machine by tid-bit contributions from 
 members of the TTnited States Congress. Writing to each senator and repre- 
 sentative a neat letter, in which she suggested that not poverty but curiosity 
 prompted her action, she requested such small sum as each one might contrib- 
 ute. As the result of this voluminous correspondence, some 900 letters all 
 told, she received $86. 10, which was invested in an American sewing machine, 
 made in Philadelphia, the inscription being: "Presented Addie G. Beaver by 
 Members of 49th Congress, U. S., 1886." 
 
542 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 BOROUGH OF GREENCASTLE. 
 
 Site of the Borotjgh— Ancient Burying GROtrNDS— Plat of the Town, and- 
 First Besidents— Early Beminiscences and Anecdotes— Old Chttrchbs, 
 Cemeteries and Epitaphs— Incorporation of Borough— Its Centennial. 
 —The Turnpike— Church Histort—Cemetery—TheSchools— Industries 
 —Borough Officers— Bank— Town Hall Company— Societies. 
 
 GREENCASTLE was originally a hyphenated word, "Green-Castle," and 
 was so known for years after it was founded. It was a natural town 
 site, as is evidenced by the fact that from a time unknown it was a favorite 
 rendezvous of not only the Indians, but, if there was a race of men here before 
 the Indians, it was also their important meeting place. This is attested by the 
 very old burying place near the town, known to our forefathers as the "In- 
 dian burying grounds." The writer, in company with Dr. J. K. Davidson and 
 the Rev. C. Cort, of Greencastle, visited recently this interesting place. It is 
 situated nearly a mile southeast of the town, about two and a half rods from & 
 spring in the field opposite Col. Winger's Crystal Springs. Dr. Davidson 
 pointed out the spot where he remembers seeing, fifty years ago, a pile of 
 human bones. His information at the time was that these were Indian bones. 
 In this neighberhood were foimd many Indian arrow-heads, stone axes and 
 other implements. In this connection it is not irrelevant to state that the 
 Indians, probably following the migrating game, but certainly from some 
 cause, were the real engineers in designating the future sites of all, or nearly 
 all, our cities and towns. The buffaloes were migratory in their habits, travel- 
 ing long distances with the seasons. On their way they would have certain 
 resting places or stopping places, as in crossing large streams. These points 
 would in time become the rendezvous of the Indians, and at such places their 
 tepees would be erected and a burying place selected. Every great city in the 
 country has thus been indicated by the Indian or buffalo. Their necessities or 
 instincts were better guides, it seems, than were the judgments of the best en- 
 gineers sent to this country by Europeans to select town sites and found cities. 
 The latter were nearly always entire failures, where men sank fortunes, and 
 in a few years the promised city would be given over to the bats and wild 
 beasts. 
 
 Greencastle is in the southeast part of the county, in Antrim Township, in 
 the heart of the fertile limestone country, well watered, and has reached a high 
 state of improvement. It is on the old Baltimore turnpike passing through 
 Mercersburg and Waynesboro. The Cumberland Valley Railroad passes 
 through it. The land on whiclf it is located was deeded to John Smith, No- 
 vember 4, 1761. Smith conveyed it to John Davidson November 6, 1762, 
 and he conveyed it to William AUispn April 25, 1763. The patent was issued 
 to him July 26, 1766. The tract described in the patent contained 300 acres. 
 May 3, 1769, he conveyed the land to his son, Col. John Allison, who platted 
 and laid out the village of Greencastle in 1782. It acquired its name, most 
 probably, from a place called Greencastle, in County Donegal, Ireland. 
 
BOBOUGH OF GBEENCASTLE. 543 
 
 TOWN PLATS, ETC. 
 
 The town plat, as originally made, described 256 lots of equal size, and 
 numbered from 1 to 256, inclusive. They were then sold by lottery, the price 
 placed upon each lot being $8. The lottery consisted in buying a ticket 
 for $8; the 256 numbers were then placed in a box, and each ticket holder 
 drew a number, the number drawn to determine which should be his lot. 
 There were no blanks, and the only prizes were what were considered the choice 
 lots. 
 
 Henry P. Prather, the present postmaster in Greencastle, now (1886) in 
 the seventy-fifth year of his age, says of the first settlement of the place: ( " I 
 remember that about sixty-two years ago a man named Tanner, a teamster 
 over the Baltimore & Pittsburgh road, informed me that when he first came 
 through Greencastle there was but one house in the place. It was a log house 
 on the present site of the National Hotel, and was used as a tavern. He 
 frequently drank in the place, the only drinking cups used being made of 
 coVs horns. Here is evidently the origin of the well-worn expression, 'took 
 a horn'.' " It is highly probable some of the Allisons were the "mine host" 
 of this old time hostelry that was the favorite stopping place of travelers and 
 freighters, as well as the famed old vTide-mouthed fireside that was a most 
 1«mpting resort of neighbors, far and near, to meet in friendly discourse. 
 
 Before the French-Indian war, Henry Prather and Elias Davidson, grand- 
 parents of Henry P. Prather and Dr. J. K. Davidson, respectively, drove cat- 
 tle from the Cumberland Valley to Detroit. After the Allisons, among the 
 first settlers were the Crawfords, Statlers, Lawrences, Grubbs, Watsons, 
 Clarks, Nighs, McCulloughs and McClellans. Dr. McClellan, who died at an 
 advanced age a short time ago, was the first regular bred physician in this part 
 of the county. In 1778 the Revolutionary hero, Capt. MUler, located in what 
 afterward became Greencastle. His daughter, Mrs. Mary McDade, died in 
 the town August 3, 1870, at the remarkable age of one hundred and three 
 years. She could give most interesting descriptions of the wilderness when 
 her young eyes first looked upon it. She remembered the one house that was 
 then in the place — the hotel above spoken of. There was also a blacksmith shop 
 on the Rhodes' corner. Her father, Capt. Miller, had served through the en- 
 tire war ior independence. When Gen. Washington passed through Green- 
 castle, in 1794, he was much moved at meeting Mary McDade, and solemnly 
 laid his hands upon her head and blessed her. 
 
 Mr. J. C. McLanahan has now in his possession a deed, dated February 1, 
 1783, made by John Allison and Elizabeth Allison to John Nigh, Sr., for Lot 
 N'o. 81, on the north side of Baltimore Street, 60x240 feet; consideration, £3. 
 The instrument was acknowledged before Thomas Johnston, justice of the 
 peace. Col. John Allison, the founder of the town, was born December 23, 
 1738; William, his brother, was born November 15, 1749, and lived and died 
 on the old homestead. 
 
 An incident of these early times, worth mentioning, is tiie following: When 
 Mason and Dixon were running the line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, 
 they boarded for a time with Col. Allison. They marked a meridian on the 
 door sill, and this was for years used by the neighbors to set their time pieces. 
 
 OLD CHURCHES AND OEMETEEIES. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church at Moss Spring, adjacent to Greencastle, was ev- 
 idently the oldest church building in this part of the county. It was built in 
 1737 or 1738, frame, 28x42, and called "Old Red Meeting House. " It was 
 enlarged in 1804 by an addition of twelve feet on the south side. The situation 
 
544 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 is a delightful one, and during the intermission of services the people, lunch, 
 in hand, would gather at the spring and drink of its cool, clear waters, or stroll 
 at will among the rocks and woods of the surrounding groves. The first pas- 
 tor was Rev. Samuel Cavin. The "Old White Church," in Greencastle,. 
 was erected in 1792. It stood on the south side of Baltimore Street, east end 
 of the town. It was made of logs and clapboards and painted white. The 
 deed to the church lot was made by James McLanahan and John Allison, and 
 the trustees, George Gelby, George Clark, Andrew Reed, John Cunningham 
 and James Crooks. In 1826 these two churches were united in faith, but or- 
 ganically in 1828, the pastors at the time being Rev. Buchanan, of the "Red" 
 church, and Rev. Pullerton of the "White," and a brick church was erected. 
 in Greencastle. Rev. Fullerton removed to Hagerstown. Rev. Buchanan re- 
 mained in charge here until 1839. His successors were Rev. I. Marshall Da- 
 vie, 1840 to 1845; Rev. T. V. Moore, to 1847; Rev. W. M. Paxton, to 1850;. 
 Rev. Edward Emerson, to 1860; Rev. W. T. Beatty, to 1863; Rev. J. W. 
 Wightman, to 1870; Rev. D. K. Richardson, to 1880; then came Rev. J. H. 
 Stewart, who was succeeded, in 1883, by the present pastor, Rev. .J. D. 
 Hunter. 
 
 The historical house in the town is now the residence of Joseph H. Beeler, 
 on Lot 42. John Allison sold this lot to William Scott in 1783; he sold to John 
 Rodman in 1791, who erected the front, as the building now stands, in 1792. 
 In 1797 Robert McLanahan purchased it, and in 1801 sold to Jacob Krebs. He 
 used it as a residence and hatter shop until 1829, when it was sold by the sheriff 
 to Polly and Sarah Weaver. In 1842 they sold it to Rudolph Heichert. It 
 was a parsonage of the German Reformed Church until 1870. 
 
 In the Oerman Reformed Graveyard we find some of the oldest accessible 
 records of the early settlers: Margaret, consort of John Gearhart, bom 1765, 
 died August 8, 1855. Robert Scott, Sr., died May 15, 1842, aged seventy- 
 two years; Elizabeth, his wife, died April 16, 1842, aged seventy- three years. 
 John Scott, born September 12, 1795, died July 2, 1870. Michael Stickel, 
 died February 28, 1863, aged seventy years and four months. Mary Swisher, 
 bom 11771, died April 10, 1852. WUliam Alsap, died July 21, 1867, aged 
 ninety years; Elizabeth, consort, born April 19, 1775, died August 16, 1856. 
 Adam Shirez, bom Febmary 14, 1797, died May 7, 1862. Nicholas Shrader, 
 died May 19, 1859, aged eighty-foxir years. Samuel Smith, bom February 19, 
 1779, died March 10, 1870; Eliza, consort, born December 27, 1791, died Oc- 
 tober 11, 1867. John Shrivey, died March 20, 1850, aged seventy-six years. 
 Peter Stoner, died April 12, 1853, aged seventy-five. James Powell, bom 
 February 24, 1786, died April 18, 1856. Conrad Spielman, bom February 
 11, 1753, died December 4, 1829; Dorothea, consort, born May 6, 1748. Dan- 
 iel Stall, bom September 20, 1764, died June 17, 1837. Michael Tice, died 
 February 20, 1824, aged sixty- six years. On this tombstone is the following 
 couplet: 
 
 "Now I am dead and in my grave 
 
 And all my bones are rotten, 
 When this you see, remember me, 
 
 Although I am forgotten." 
 
 Barbara, consort of Michael, died April 2, 1825, aged fifty-nine. Rev. F. A. 
 Scholl, died May 13, 1865, aged seventy-seven years; Eliza, consort, died Feb- 
 ruary 16, 1840, aged forty-eight years. 
 
 In Mossy Spring Cemetery are the following: William Wallace, died 
 March 26, 1818, aged eighty years; Martha, consort, died August 9, 1834, 
 aged eighty-six years. Archibald Fleming, died September 20, 1869, aged 
 
BOROUGH or GEEENCASTLE. 545 
 
 eigiity-six years; Eve, consort, died July 11, 1865, aged seventy-three years. 
 Joseph Davidson, died • May 13, 1842, aged eighty-eight years. Margaret 
 Eobinson, vrife of Joseph Davison, died November 10, 1836, aged seventy- 
 five years. Margaret Davison, nee Brown, consort of J. Davison, died Feb- 
 ruary 26, 1797, forty-one years of age. William Davison, died September 
 31, 1831, aged fifty-two years. Jane Davison, died August 28, 1869, aged 
 eighty-seven years. James Watson, died July 2, 1831, aged eigl^ty- eight; Eliz- 
 abeth, consort, died October 30, 1804, aged fifty-nine years. John Watson, 
 died July 30, 1842, aged seventy-three years. David Watson, died May 22,, 
 1847, aged sixty-four. Elizabeth Watson, died October 23, 1849, aged sixty- 
 two years. Isabella Watson, died March 26, 1860, aged eighty-two. Robert 
 Crooks, born August 17, 1772, died March 9, 1850. John McLanahan, died 
 September 4, 1797, aged sixty-seven years. John Allison, died June 14, 1795, 
 aged fifty-seven years; Elizabeth, consort, died November 19, 1815, aged 
 sixty-seven years. William Allison, died September 4, 1825, aged seventy-six 
 years; Mary A., consort, December 7, 1848, aged seventy-seven years. Nancy, 
 daughter of Col. John and Elizabeth Allison, wife of Elias Davidson, died De- 
 cember 26, 1818, aged thirty-eight years. Rebecca, wife of Elias Davidson, 
 died June 22, 1824, aged thirty-six years. Rev. Robert Kennedy, died Octo- 
 ber 31, 1843, aged sixty-six years; Jane, consort, and daughter of John and 
 Mary Herron, died May 31, 1803, aged twenty-six years; Mary D., consort, 
 born August 16, 1785, died March 14, 1845. John Boggs, M. D., bom Au- 
 gust 8, 1787, died July 12, 1847. James Allison, Sr., bom June 5, 1798, died 
 January 25, 1861; Susan M., consort, born December 10, 1795, died January 
 29, 1861. Eleanor, wife of Thomas Hughes, born April, 1774, died June, 
 1852. George Fatzinger, died January 16, 1880, aged ninety-seven years; 
 Catharine, consort, died September 20, 1870, aged eighty years. Dr. John 
 McClellan, died June 11, 1846, aged eighty-four years. [His son Robert be- 
 came governor of Michigan and a member of President Polk's cabinet.] John 
 Kennedy died January 17, 1815, aged seventy years. James Mitchell, bom 
 April 25, 1780, died July 17, 1854; Catharine, consort, born May 14, 1792, 
 died March 22, 1841. William Martin, died July 22, 1873, aged eighty years. 
 In the "Old White Church" cemetery are Mrs. Sarah, wife of Rev. Mc- 
 Eboy, died June 10, 1842. William McLanahan, died December 27, 1833, 
 aged sixty-one years; his wife, Mary Gregg, died June 9, 1826, aged thirty- 
 eight years. David Fullerton, died February 1, 1843, aged seventy-one 
 years; Joanna, consort, died July 29, 1837, aged sixty- seven years. Rev. John. 
 Young, second pastor of the congregation of Greencastle and Conococheague, 
 died July 24, 1803, aged forty years. Margaret, consort of George Clark, 
 died'February 12, 1810, aged fifty-nine years. Rev. John Lind, died Sep- 
 tember 20, 1821, aged forty-one years; Ann Washington Smith, consort, 
 died February 19, 1819, aged forty years. James McLanahan, Sr., died 
 April 17, 1823, aged eighty-eight years; Isabella G., consort, died September 
 16, 1819, aged seventy-six years. 
 
 INCORPOBATION. 
 
 The village became an incorporated borough by act of the assembly, March 
 25, 1805. By ordinance, in 1812, new names were given to the streets, as follows: 
 Mifllin, Madison, Baltimore, Franklin, Dahlgren, Morris, Washington, Carlisle, 
 Pindlay. 
 
 THE town's centennial — 1782-1882. 
 
 July 4, 1882, was celebrated with due pomp and ceremony as Greencastle' s 
 centennial year. A grand street parade that was arranged, was seriously in- 
 
54:6 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 terfered with by a heavy rainstorm. The meeting was driven from Ziegler'b 
 Locust Grove to the town hall. The president was Geo. W. Ziegler; vice- 
 presidents, Henry P. Prather, William W. Fleming (the oldest native bom 
 citizen), Dr. Wm. Grabb, Dr. Adam Carl, Dr. J. K. Davidson, William Mc- 
 Crory. Prayer by Rev. J. H. Stewart, and reading Psalm by Eev. D. Agnew. 
 Declaration of Independence by A. G. McLanahan, Jr. The historic address 
 by Hon. D. Watson Eowe. Interesting addresses made by Eev. Gyrus Cort, 
 Eev. F. Klinefelter, Eev. Samuel McLanahan, the latter giving many interest- 
 ing incidents of his ancestor, Col Allison. A poem was read by Capt. C. F. 
 Bonner, entitled, " The Centennial Lay." Patriotic songs were sung by the 
 audience. The St. Thomas and Mercersburg bands were present. The cele- 
 bration was a great success throughout; and much of the credit of this is due 
 the committee of arrangements, as follows: President, J. C. McLanahan; sec- 
 retaries: W. C. Kreps, J. E. Davison, John H. Shook, P. S. Wilhelm, 
 William G. Davison, James Shirey, B. F. Winger, Dr. F. A. Bushey, E. G. 
 Scarlett, C. P. Bechtelle, William Snyder, H. Clippinger, Samuel Detrich, 
 C. H. Euthrauf, Dr. W. B. Brown. For the vocal music, the audience was 
 indebted to the choristers: Mrs. Helen Strickler, Mrs. M. K. Detrich, Misses 
 Sadie Fisher, Julia Bart, Clara Goetz, Alice Goetz, Grace Eby, and Messrs. 
 S. H. Eby, H. CKppinger, Samuel Detrich, J. C. Gilliland, James E. Fisher, 
 J. W. Thiel, William Parkhill, George W. Parkhill; Miss Grace Bishop, 
 organist. 
 
 GBEENOASTLE ASD UABVLAND TUBI^FIKE. 
 
 This was first a turnpike and plank road, and organized in 1849. Incorpo- 
 rators : Henry Miller, Jacob Pensinger, A. B. Wingerd, Michael Gordon, Ja- 
 cob Wingerd, B. M. Powell, Charles W. Farmer, Mrs. C. Grabriel, David 
 Hicks, David Strite, Michael Geller, Michael Grossman, John EuthraufF, John 
 Eowe, Joseph Hallor, William Grubb, A. L. Irwin, Geo. W. Ziegler, Samuel 
 Obercash, Samuel Miller, W. H. Brienbaugh, Benjamin Snively. The route 
 was surveyed, and work commenced in 1857. Length of road, &ve miles. 
 
 THE OHUBOHES. 
 
 The accounts of the " Old Eed Church " and the " Old White Church " 
 are given at pp. 543-544, because they were among the oldest record accoimts 
 that are now accessible. 
 
 Zion's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Greencastle. — The date of organi- 
 zation can not be definitely ascertained. The earliest extant record is a copy of 
 the paper deposited in the corner-stone of the old church, bearing the date, Sep- 
 tember 13, 1792, and containing the following names: Nye, Bayer, Saylor, 
 Basehore, Zimmerman, Brundlinger, Simon, Hochlender, Gerard, Hoeflich, 
 Schaffner, Klapsaddle, Wagner, Peifer and Mann. Until the dedication of 
 that building, April 2, 1798, the Lutherans worshiped with the Eeformed 
 congregation in the " Old Log Church." The first known pastor, Eev. John 
 Euthrauff, took charge April, 1795, and served this people forty years, all the 
 services being in the German language. The first English pastor was Eev. 
 John Eeck, 1832; succeeded by the following: Revs. Jer. Harpel, 1835; Jacob 
 Martin, 1837; Peter Sahm, 1840; Michael Eyster, 1846; Christian Kunkel 
 (supply), 1850; James M. Harkey, 1850; Edwin Breidenbaugh, 1852; William 
 F. Eyster, 1865; A. Stewart Hartman (supply), 1869; Thomas T. Everett, 
 1870; Frederick Klinefelter, 1872. The German and English services alter- 
 nated until 1865, when the former was discontinued. The original church 
 building was enlarged in 1836, remodeled in 1857, and removed March, 1875, to 
 be replaced by the present structure, the comer-stone of which was laid June 
 
^a^ .c^.^ 
 
 ^ 
 
BOEOUGH OF GBEENCASTLE. 549 
 
 13, of the same year, and the first service held in the lecture room February 
 6, 1876. The building was completed and dedicated June 13, 1880, costing 
 $16,352. The Sunday-school is one of the oldest in the county, having grown 
 out of a German Union parochial school, as early as 1810, the first teachers 
 of which were Zimmerman, Cleveland and Kibler. The superintendents have 
 been Messrs. Conrad Sohm, John G. Miller, Matthias Walter, Thomas David- 
 son, Bernard Walter, Dr. Adam Carl, John Heichert, John Schillito, Peter 
 Speiice, Matthias Nead, Samuel Ruthrauff and Benjamin Palmer. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1826, in the house of Jacob 
 Staley, in Greencastle. The first members were Albert Kreps, Joseph Akers 
 and Jacob Staley and family. The first public house of worship was built 
 about 1834. The second church was erected in 1851, at a cost of $1, 600. The 
 present building was erected in 1883, at a cost of $10,000. Pastors: 1867, 
 Eev. Oliver S. Stuart, served one year; 1868, G. D. Pennepacker; 1869, J. 
 
 A. Woodcock; 1870, J. B. Shaver; 1871, A. H. Mench; 1872-73, H. B 
 Fortner; 1874, W. V. Gane; 1877-79, H. C. Cheston; 1880-81, J. P. Moore; 
 1882-84, J. Y. Shannon; 1885, E. H. Wharton. In 1886 J. C. Brown began 
 his term and he is the present pastor. The church membership is 105. A 
 successful Sunday-school is connected with the church; it numbers about 125. 
 
 The German Reformed Congregation worshiped in a log church, at first, in 
 company with the Lutherans. The Reformed built their own church in 1808. 
 An account of this old log church is given above. Their minister in 1808 
 was Eev. Eahouser. In 1818, Eev. F. A. SchoU, the first resident pastor, 
 resigned in 1833. Supplies were then furnished from Mercersburg, Eevs. 
 Jacob Mayer and Hamilton Vandyke acting generally. The next resident was 
 Eev. John Eebaugh, from 1837 to 1851, succeeded by Eev. John S. Faulk; 
 then Eev. Thos. G. Apple, whose successors were Drs. S. N. CalJender, Moses 
 Keifer, and Eevs. S. K. Kremer, John H. Sykes and Cyrus Cort, the present 
 ■efficient incumbent. 
 
 The United Brethren Church was organized in 1816, at the house of Peter 
 Hawbaker, who afterward served the church as pastor. The first congrega- 
 tion numbered six, viz. : Peter Hawbaker, Susan Hawbaker', Conrad Coflorth, 
 Mrs. Cofforth, Jacob Byerly, and Henry Knauber, Jr. ; the last named was the 
 class leader. Until 1829 meetings were held in the union schoolhouse, where 
 two other congregations worshiped at the same time. Their own house was 
 erected in 1828 — a frame, costing about $900. The trustees and building 
 committee were John Dowe, Geo. Ziegler, Jacob Wingerd, Samuel Lauchard 
 and Solomon Moore. They worshiped in this house until 1884, when it was 
 removed and the present brick erected, costing $7,000. It is on North Wash- 
 ington Street, near Madison. The trustees and building committee were Eev. 
 Christian Newcomer, Mr. Flack, Jacob Erb, William Brown, Mr. Dreisbach, 
 John Zahn, Frederick Gilbert, Geo. St. Clair Hussey, John Hendricks, James 
 Neiman, John Fohl, James M. Bishop, Tobias Crider, Alexander Owen, W. 
 
 B. Raber, Z. A. Colestock. The pastors of this church have been as follows: 
 1854, Eevs. T. F. Howell and J. S. Wentz; 1855, J. S. Weatz and J. B. 
 Weidler; 1856, G. W. Showman and William Owen; 1857 and 1858, J. M. 
 Bishop, William Owen and S. L. Minnick. Wm. E. Coursey served the church 
 during the years 1859 and 1860, with H. Y. Hummelbaagh. During 1861 
 and 1862 Alexander Tripner was pastor, with J. F. Wilt as junior preacher 
 during 1861. From ,1863 to 1865, inclusive, J. C. Smith was pastor, with 
 Wm. Humberger, as assistant, during the first two years, and J. X. Quigley 
 the year 1865; 1866-67, J. Dickson, with Mr. Brickley assistant the first year 
 and S. A. Mower during the year 1867. During 1868, J. G. Schaff and B. G. 
 
550 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Huber. From 1869 to 1870, J. X. Quigley. From 1871 to 1872, J. F. Sheaf- 
 fer; 1873, J. M. Bishop; 1874-75, "Wilson Owen; during the former part of the- 
 year 1876, W. O. Smith; during the latter part of the same year, D. W. 
 WeUer; 1877, W. B. Evers, and, during 1878, W. A. Dickson; from 187fr 
 to 1880, Wm. Quigley; 1881-84, G. W. Bingham. The present pastor, J. B. 
 Weidler, was appointed to this place in March, 1885. Total membership, 
 342. The first services in Greencastle by United Brethren were held in 1814, 
 conducted by Rev. Christian Newcomer. For a long time services were at 
 very long intervals. 
 
 CEDAR HILL OEMETEHT. 
 
 President, Alex. S. Elliott; secretary, J. R. Ruthrauff; treasurer, Jacob 
 Hostetter; superintendent. George M. Byers; board of managers, Alexander 
 S. Elliot, Jacob S. Fleming, Jacob Pensinger, Jacob Hostetter, Jacob Dear- 
 dorfp, Jere. Detrich, Dr. F. A. Bushey, L. H. Fletcher, Hamsher Clippinger, 
 S. H. Prather, J. E. Ruthrauff. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 An early school-teacher in the town of Greencastle was Robert Allen. He 
 taught a school here in 1812; he was noted for his fine penmanship; he had 
 formerly clerked in a wholesale flour establishment in Boston. His outfit was 
 so remarkable for that day and attracted such keen interest we are unable to 
 describe it: a splendid rifle and sword, excellent violin, a gold watch andclothea 
 of latest cut. He was a bachelor, intelligent, companionable, and, for that 
 day, a further mark distinguished him from teachers — he was not a member 
 of any church. 
 
 The schoolroom was built of round logs, the corner ends not cut off, roof 
 of clapboards four feet long and eight inches wide, and weighted down with 
 heavy poles; chimney in the center of the room, where logs could be burned, 
 the usual batten door and string latch; floors made of slabs from the saw-mill;, 
 the same with wooden legs in auger holes made the seats, and also the vreiting 
 bench around the wall. 
 
 Other prominent teachers were John Brysori, McCune, Gammel, Miss 
 McAllister, George Lawrence, Thomas Gamble. James McDowell was a 
 prominent and successful teacher, well known in this line all over the county;, 
 he was capable, and severe in his discipline. Then there were teachers, Clark 
 McDowell, Mrs. Rankin, Robert McClellan. Thomas Davis taught a select 
 school, and Daniel B. McClain a classical school. Holmes Agnew was a teacher 
 for some time. John B. Farmer is well remembered as a teacher; he taught 
 faithfully during the week, but drank freely during his vacations; he was 
 quite successful, nevertheless, as an instructor. In 1847 Rev. William Bell 
 Stewart commenced a school and taught three years; he introduced the use of 
 the blackboard. 
 
 The text books in the olden time were not many; Dilworth's speller, Bible- 
 reading, Gess' arithmetic, then Pike's. Geography was not then taught. 
 Penmanship received much attention, and the pens used were goose quills. 
 
 INDUSTEIES. 
 
 Crowell Manufacturing Company was started as a foundry, by Bradley 
 & Chappel, in 1845. In 1850 J. B. Crowell bought Chappel's interest, and, 
 as Crowell & Bradley, the business was conducted till 1857, when Franklin 
 Keller was admitted to a partnership. At this time the manufacture of grain 
 drills and hay rakes was added to the business. The establishment was burned 
 in 1861, and at once a temporary structure was erected. Bradley, Crowell &. 
 
BOEOUGH OF GEEENCASTLE. 551 
 
 Keller dissolved the firm the same year. The new board of directors of th& 
 Crowell Manufacturing Company, of Greencastle, has (1887) elected the fol- 
 lowing officers: President, J. B. Crowell; secretary, C. F. Fletcher; treasurer 
 and superintendent, Jos. E. Crowell. 
 
 Steam Haw-mill. — In 1860 Edwin Emerson, Gen. Detrich andW. H. Davi- 
 son started a steam saw-mill, sash and door factory. In 1861 James C. Austin 
 purchased the interest of Emerson and Detrich, and in 1862 Mr. Crowell bought 
 out Mr. Austin and formed a partnership with Mr. Davison, adding the grain 
 drill and hay rake business to the factory of Aiistin & Davison. In 1870 Crowell 
 & Davison dissolved, and Davison's half interest was purchased by J. B. 
 Crowell and Jacob Deardorff, the latter ha-ving been clerk of the old firm. In 
 1874 Joseph E. Crowell, of Ohio, nephew of the senior Crowell, purchased a 
 fourth interest. The firm then became J. B. Crowell & Co., and so continued 
 until 1882. The company was incorporated in 1878, capital stock 165,000, 
 but the name was not changed by the act of incorporation until 1882, when it 
 was newly incorporated as the CroweU Manufacturing Company; capital stock 
 at present, $200,000. In addition to the articles manufactured, the company 
 added the making on an extensive scale of traction and stationary engines,, 
 boilers, saw- mills, threshers, etc. It is now one of the most extensive and suc- 
 cessful manufactories in the country. The company gives employment to< 
 about 100 hands. 
 
 J. A. Harper's ■■ Carriage Works, consisting of wood, paint, blacksmith 
 shops and warehouse, were commenced in 1881. The sales are to the sur- 
 rounding country and the South. 
 
 BOEODOH OFFICERS. 
 
 Burgess, John Carl. Town council: C. P. Bechtelle, president; Geo. W", 
 Brumbaugh, C. F. Bonner, J. J. Stager, C. C. Teatian, D. W. Mowen; secre- 
 tary and attorney, J. E. Euthrauff; treasurer, J. E. Whitmore. Constable, 
 Chas. W. Pentz; justices of the peace, Peter Mutersbaugh and Wm. A. Mc- 
 Kinney. School directors: H. R. GafP, president; Wm. G. Davison, secretary; 
 D. B. Keefer, John "W^ilhelm, Dr. J. F. Nowell, C. F. Fletcher. Auditors, 
 Fred. Z. Heck, Wm. A. Eeid, E. E. Davison; assessor, William A. McKin- 
 ney; tax collector, Peter Smith; high constable, Samuel Garman, Sr. ; wood, 
 measurer, Samuel Detrich; policeman, William Shrader. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 President, Dr. James K. Davidson; cashier, John H. Shook; clerk, Sam- 
 uel H. Eby; directors, Dr. J. K. Davidson, Benj. Snively, Geo. W. Ziegler, 
 Jacob B. Crowell, John Carl, John Wilhelm, David Z. Shook, Abraham Grove,. 
 Jacob Shank, J. C. McLanahan, Isaac Shank. 
 
 TOWN HALL COMPANY. 
 
 President, Addison Imbrie; secretary and treasurer, Jacol) Pensinger^ 
 directors, Jacob Pensinger, John Wilhelm, Jacob Deardorff, J. C. McLana- 
 han, James S. Cnmkleton, Addison Imbrie and Dr. J. K. Davidson. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows. — Conococheague Lodge, No. 228, was 
 organized in 1846. Ch^er members: A. N. Eankin, Michael Cantner, Wol- 
 ford Rosenfeld, John Wilhelm, William Brown; meetings originally, held inr 
 building now occupied by depot. The society was revived by charter in 1876, 
 and called Greencastle Lodge. The following were charter members: Michael 
 
552 HISTORY OF FKANELIN COUNTY. 
 
 Cantner, Frederick George, George Bradley, Levi Pickle, Jeremiah Detrich, 
 A. N. Hubert; Heury W. Scott, Secretary; Harry Stoner, N. G. ; Thomas Gor- 
 don, V. G. 
 
 Knifjhts of Honor was organized February 24, 1880. Charter members: 
 VV. F. Patton, dictator; John B. Davison, P. D. ; C. B. Bechtelle, V. D. ; 
 J. E. Davison, F. K. ; A. K. Branisholts, treasurer; W. G. Davison, Wil- 
 liam Snyder, C. H. Euthrauff, W. E. Euthrauff, Josiah Lesher, A. S. Elliott, 
 G. B. Hawbaker, A. A. Wagner, H. H. Carr, Dr. F. A. Bushey, Dr. J. F. No- 
 well, William Laubbs, Peter Smith, Theodore Koontz, C. H. Fulwiler, C. F. 
 Eckman. 
 
 Legion of /Torior was organized in February, 1881. Members: J. Detrich, 
 William Snyder, John Gates, B. F. Winger, E. W. Ehodes, Charles E. Ehodes, 
 C H. Euthrauff, Geo. E. Haller, J. Patton Moore, William Snyder, A. A. 
 Wagner, J. S. Snively, Jacob Stover, J. C. Spielman, F. A. Bushey, J. E. 
 Davison, J. Fletcher Nowell, J. E. Whitmore, W. O. Snyder, W. G. Davi- 
 son, H. E. Gaff, Benj. Palmer, T. J. Nill, W. E. Euthrauff, W. S. Snively, 
 Addison Imbrie, John E. Euthrauff, J. H. Scarbaugh, C. F. Fletcher, M S. 
 Kinkle, John Goetz, Jacob Hostetter, Jacob Wilmer, J. E. Metcalf, Benj. 
 Snively, Clifford Ehodes, William Laubbs, W. L. Ehodes, W. S. Detrich, W. 
 
 D. Parkill, P. B. Haller, James M. Leiter, D. B. Keefer, Henry M. Pope, 
 David Byers. First officers: John Gates, commander; W. F. Patton, P. C. 
 (since deceased); J. Detrich, V. C. ; William G. Davison, secretary; Jacob 
 Hostetter, treasurer; A. W. Welch, collector. 
 
 Masons. — Mount Eoyal Lodge was organized about 1815. The charter 
 members were Col. Wood, Eobbin Guinnea, Jacob Kunkle, John D. Work, 
 Eli Fuss, Capt. James Brown, Arowine Miller, Daniel Horr, William Clark 
 McDowell. The society disbanded in the days of anti-Masonic excitement. 
 The present is the Mount Pisgah Lodge, No. 443. It was organized August 
 26, 1869, by William Adams, A. F. Schafhirt, Benj. F. Winger, S. B. Snively, 
 Joseph A. Davison, John Goetz, H. E. Gaff, S. H. Prather, Jacob Lear, Jacob 
 
 E. Smith, Eli Fuss, James M. Brown, Wm. Hammett, George W. Frye, Wm. 
 H. McDowell, James P. Wolff, A. J. North, Joseph W. Winger and Thos. 
 Pawling. William Snyder was the first initiate. Present officers are F. A. 
 Bushey, W. M. ; Lewis Cantner, S. W. ; John Goetz, J. W. ; H. E. Gaff, 
 Treas. ; B. F. Winger, Secretary. 
 
 The W. C. T. U. was organized October, 1883, by Mrs. Shennafield and 
 Mrs. Dr. Kennedy, of the Chambersburg union. The charter members were 
 these ladies: Mesdames, Sarah J. Crooks, M. J. Euthrauff, John Bert, Ben. Bert, 
 M. H. E. McLanahan, H. J. Agnew, Feldman, Joseph Crowell, E. Martin, An- 
 nie C. Branisholts, Oliver Brown, Hollenberger, J. D. Hunter, B. F. Winger, 
 Dr. Nowell, Chas. Euthrauff, Joanna Pittenger, William Addleman, J. Y. Shan- 
 non; Misses H. J. Davison, Sarah P. Moore, Susan P. Hawbecker, L. C. Fatzing- 
 -er, Kate Clippinger, Jennie Agnew, May West, Blanche Winger, Bessie 
 Brown, Sarah Glaser, Bel. Euthrauff, Kitty M. Martin, Minnie Snively, Nan- 
 nie Gordon, Julia Bert, Jennie Brosius, Clara S. Yous, Mary Wilders. 
 First officers: President, Mrs. John Bert; general vice-president, Mrs. Eev. 
 John Agnew; corresponding secretary, Miss Blanche D. Winger; recording 
 secretary, Bliss May West; treasurer, Mrs. Benj. Bert. Present officers: 
 President, Mi-s. John Bert; general vice-president, Mrs. Eev. John Agnew; 
 corresponding secretary, Mrs. William Addleman; recording secretary. Miss 
 Blanche D. Winger; treasui-er, Mrs. Benj. Bert. Meetings are held once a 
 month. They make use of the W. C. T. U. monthly readings; have spent |35 
 for literature. ^ 
 
BOBOUGH OF GEEEN0A8TLE. 553 
 
 Corporal Rihl Post, No. 438, G. A. R., was organized May 12, ]884,. 
 by John A. Seiders, of Chambers burg, with the following charter members,. 
 J. R. Davison, Jacob S. Saively, M. W. Kisecker, C. H. Fulweiler, Eev. J. 
 Y. Shannon, William Snyder, Daniel Hellane, J. B. Byers, Geo. B. Snively,. 
 Jacob Wilt, Henry Foster, William Brenizer, Dr. F. A. Bushey, Dr. H. G. 
 Chritzman, G. W. Kennedy (deceased), Cyi'us Kennedy, James Morehead, 
 Jacob Helfrich, David H. Mowen, David Hager, George Arendt, E, B. Car- 
 penter, Geo. T. Hudson, Frank Hoffman, J. R. Cummins, Samuel Showalter: 
 J. L. Meredith, Oscar Anderson, Simon Palmer and D. A. Pentz. Original 
 officers: Commander, J. R. Davison; senior vice -commander, Jacob S. Snivelyj 
 junior, M. W. Kisecker; adjutant, C. H. Fulweiler; chaplain, Rev. J. Y. 
 Shannon. The post is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 (William H. Rihl,* after whom the post was named, was born in Philadel- 
 phia, in 1843. Concerning his ancestry, nothing has been learned. He was 
 by occupation a gardener. At the time he entered the service he was eighteen 
 years old; five feet, six and a quarter inches in height; had light complexion, 
 blue eyes and dark hair. On the 19th of July, 1861, he enlisted for three 
 years, or during the war, in a company of cavalry recruited and organized by 
 Capt. W. H. Boyd, one of the first companies raised for that branch of the service 
 during the war. The company was finally attached to the First New York Cav- 
 alry, a regiment authorized to be raised by Col. Carl Schvirz, but which, on 
 account of his being appointed minister to Spain, was finally drilled and led 
 into the field by Maj. Andrew T. McReynolds, who became its colonel. This 
 company became Company C, with the following corps of officers: Captain, 
 Wniiam H. Boyd; first lieutenant, Wm. W. Hanson; second lieutenant, James. 
 H. Stevenson. The regiment was known as the First New York (Lincoln) 
 Cavalry, and was the first cavalry authorized to be raised during the re'" ellion. 
 The following was the authority: 
 
 Wak Department, 
 Washington, May 1, 1861. 
 
 To the Governors of the several States and all whom it may concern: 
 
 I have authorized Col. Carl Schurz to raise and organize a volunteer regiment of cav- 
 alry. For the purpose of rendering it as efficient as possible, he is instructed to enlist 
 principally such men as have served in the same arm before. The Government will pro- 
 vide the regiment with arms, but can not provide the horses and accoutrements. For 
 these necessaries we rely upon the patriotism of the States and the citizens, and for this 
 purpose I take the liberty of requesting you to afford Col. Schurz your aid in the execu- 
 tion of this plan. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War. 
 
 It was composed of four companies of Germans and six of Americans, re- 
 cruited in New York; a company from Michigan, and Boyd's company, from 
 Philadelphia. The command operated with Qie Army of the Potomac in its 
 various movements. During Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania Boyd's detach- 
 ment rendered invaluable service in escorting Gen. Milroy's supply train from; 
 Winchester to Harrisburg, and then harrassing the advance and flanks of the 
 advancing rebel army. At Greencastle the company, with some forty-three 
 men, made a bold dash on Jenkins' advance, and drove them in great con- 
 fusion back to the main command. In this reckless charge, M. S. Cafferty and, 
 Corp. William H. Rihl were far in the advance. As they were dashing past 
 the Fleming house, just out of town, they were fired upon by a body of rebel 
 infantry lying in a wheat field to the left. The result was the wounding of 
 Cafferty in the leg- and the shooting of Rihl through the head, the ball enter- 
 ing his upper lip and passing out through the upper part of the skull. Thus 
 
 * Much carelessness has been shown in the spelling of this name. The one given in this text is the au- 
 thorized one, being sanctioned by the orderly sergeant, his captain, and his muster and pay rolls in Albany 
 and Washington. 
 
554 HISTOKY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 fell, on the 22d of June, 1863, Corp. William H. Rihl, the first Union soldier 
 •slain on free soil during the war of the Rebellion. Miss Mary Fleming was 
 the first loyal person to be at the side of the young soldier, brave and dashing 
 in life, but now a martyi- to the cause of liberty. His body was interred by 
 ■the enemy in the wheat field, where it remained for several days, when it was 
 ■exhumed and removed to the Lutheran graveyard, in the vUlage. On the 
 '22d of June, 1886, twenty-three years after his tragic death, the remains of 
 Corp. Rihl were taken from their resting place in the graveyard, and with 
 imposing ceremonies reburied by patriotic hands on the site where he fell, 
 preparatory to the erection of a suitable monument. These exercises were 
 under the direction of Corp. Rihl Post, the members of which conceived the 
 idea of perpetuating in this public manner the memory of the brave comrade 
 after whom the post was called. A large fund has already been subscribed, 
 and much more is to be raised to complete the work undertaken. *) 
 
 CHAPTER XXIII. 
 
 TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Antrim, 1741— Luiwan, 1743— Peters, 1751- Guilfokd. 1751— Hamilton, 1752- 
 Fannktt, 1761 — Letteukenny, 1762 — Washington, 1779 — Montgomeky, 1781 
 —Southampton. 1783— Fuanklin, 1784— Gtheene. 1788— Metal,, 1795— AV'ak- 
 KEN, 1798- St. TiiomaS; 1818— Quincy, 1838. 
 
 '^"^HE territoiy now embraced in Franklin County was formed into the civU 
 .1. divisions of townships long before the county they are in was thought of. 
 When the Cumberland Valley, embraced in what is now Cumberland and 
 Franklin Counties, was part of Lancaster County, it was divided and 
 townships erected. In 1735, the valley was separated into two townships, 
 •and, by a singular coincidence, the division line was substantially the same as 
 "now divides the counties of Cumberland and Franklin. At that time the 
 land in this and Cumberland County was in the possession, and the owner- 
 ship of the Indians. The treaty with the Five Nations, at Philadelphia, 
 by which the proprietors of the province became the owners of the soil 
 here, took place October 11, 1736. The court of quarter sessions of Lancas- 
 ter County, at the November session of 1^35, divided the valley into two 
 townships, Pennsborough and Hopewell, the former embracing substantially 
 what is now Cumberland County and the latter what is now Franklin County. 
 The division line between Pennsborough and Hopewell Townships crossed the 
 valley about where Newville now is — then or soon afterward known as the 
 " Big Springs." From this place to the Maryland line was, for a time, Hope- 
 well Township, Lancaster County. 
 
 In giving the account of the erection of the different townships now in the 
 county, we have followed, as closely as we could, the chronological order of 
 their formation. 
 
 *t.Tust as our forms 20 to press we leavD that Dr. H. G. Chritiman has introduced a hill in the Legislature 
 .appropriating $.500 lor this uionuuielil.— Ed | 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 555 
 
 ANTRIM, 1741.* 
 
 At the May term, 1741, of the quarter sessions coui-t of Lancaster "upon 
 the application of the inhabitants of the township" (of the western portion 
 of Hopewell), presented by Richard O'Cain, Esq., the order of the court 
 erecting Antrim Township was made; and here again is the coincidence that 
 the order forming the new township included the same territory now forming 
 the county, except Warren (Little Cove), Fannett and Metal Townships. 
 Therefore, except these three, the present townships of the county were, at 
 different times, taken from the territory of Antrim. 
 
 It was evidently named for Antrim, Ireland, and the name is significant of 
 where the early settlers were fi-om — the brave and hardy Scotch-Irish, who 
 pushed their way to the extreme frontier settlements and in the face of appall- 
 ing obstructions "hewed the dark old woods away," and gave us the smiling 
 green fields of to-day. 
 
 FIRST SETTLERS. 
 
 The first settlers were Jacob Snively, James Johnston, Joseph Crunkleton 
 and James Rody. They came in 1735. Joseph Crunkleton had obtained from 
 the proprietaries his "license" for land the year before, 1734, and it is there- 
 fore probable that he was the main cause of directing the attention of those 
 who came with him to this place. , His ' ' license ' ' was for so much land to be 
 selected in or about a certain rather indefinitely described place, to be after- 
 ward surveyed and patented to him. The land selected by Mr. Crunkleton is 
 the property now owned by Benjamin Snively and David Eshelman, situated 
 about two miles east of Greencastle. Mr. Snively made his improvement upon 
 the land that was the homestead of Mr. Andrew Snively, deceased. Mr. 
 Johnston took up the lands now owned by Christian Stover and Henry Whit- 
 more. Mr. Rody settled on Conococheague Creek and made his improvement 
 on the land now owned by Andrew G. McLanahan. Thus was constituted 
 the first white settlement in Antrim Township. 
 
 This was known as, or was called, the ' ' Conococheague settlement. ' ' They 
 had hardly got up their first log cabins when other ' ' settlers ' ' began to arrive. 
 In the preceding history of the borough of Greencastle is given the account of the 
 early settlers in and about Greencastle, and in the account of the ' ' Old Red 
 Church' ' may be found also all the known facts of many of the prominent early 
 settlers in Antrim Township. The ' 'Red Church' ' was the fii'st organization of 
 the kind in this part of the county. It was situated about three-fourths of a 
 mile east of where Greencastle now stands. The transcriptions from the old 
 graveyard are of much interest to the descendants of these early settlers. 
 
 EARLY LAND TITLES. 
 
 From the oldest records of land titles in the township are taken the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 WiUiam Allison's warrant dated September 7, 1750, for 270 acres. His 
 neighbors at that time were Robert McCrea, John Allison, Casper Walter, An- 
 drew Robison, Samuel Smith. The deputy surveyor was John Armstrong. 
 
 John Allison, 80 acres, warrant dated August 1, 1766. Neighbors: John 
 Davison, Evans Shelby. 
 
 Gustavus Brown, 282 acres, warrant, August 22, 1751. Neighbors: John 
 Wallace, Capt. A. Cain. 
 
 James Bones, 228 acres, warrant, August 4, 1766. Neighbors: John Gor- 
 don, John Potter, Michael McNulty, John Johnston. 
 
 *For Borough of Greencastle, see page 54r. 
 
556 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Thomas and George Brown, survey, Febraary 22, 1763. Neighbors: Ja- 
 cob Snively,. John Potter' s heirs, Joseph Cook, Benjamin Chambers, Patrick 
 McClane, Eobert Thompson's heirs, Joseph Eeynolds. 
 
 Joseph Gallady, 60 acres, warrant. May 13, 1763. Neighbors: Henry 
 Snively, S. Criinkleton, Samuel Smith. 
 
 John Nigh, 65 acres and 62 acres, warrant, May 13, 1763. Neighbors: 
 John Waggerly, Samuel Findlay. 
 
 Simon Eaker, (in right of Philip Wolff,) 130 acres surveyed September 14, 
 1767. Neighbors: George Patty, Simon Eaker, Eobert Beard, William Pat- 
 ty and John Leab. 
 
 John Mitchell, 227 acres. 
 James Beatty, 114 acres. 
 
 Henry Gordon, 67 acres. Neighbors ; James Bones, Jacob Snively, Henry 
 Gordon, Thomas Johnston. 
 
 Abraham Gable, 195 acres, warrant, April 13, 1749. Neighbors: Michael 
 Gable and W. O. Grubb. 
 
 Abraham Gable, in right of Eichard Gable, 130 acres, warrant. May 31, 
 1762. Neighbors: Henry Stoll and Wm. Berryhill. 
 
 William Findley, 169 acres, warrant. May 3,' 1768, Neighbors: John 
 Scott and Eobert Davison. 
 
 Elias Davidson three tracts, 176 acres. Neighbors: David Scott, Will- 
 iam Neal, Eobert Crunkleton, John Lowman, John McClellan, Abraham 
 Smith, Eobert Davison. 
 
 John Davison, 147 acres, December, 1752. 
 
 Eobert Davison, 3 tracts, February, 1766. 
 
 Elias Davidson, 26 acres, December 19, 1761. 
 
 Samuel Findley, 106 acres, June 10, 1762. 
 
 Eobert Crunkleton, 101 acres, June 3, 1762. 
 
 Joseph Cook, 264 acres, December 4, 1766. 
 
 Thomas Clugston, 109 acres, January 14, 1767. 
 
 John Scott, 109 acres, August 1, 1766. 
 
 Henry Stahl, 13 acres, March 1, 1768. 
 
 Eichard O'Cain, 79^ acres, July 25, 1751. 
 
 Henry Stahl, two tracts, 270 acres, October 5, 1765. 
 
 Jacob Snively, four tracts, January 20, 1753. 
 
 James Scott, two tracts, 447 acres, June 5, 1762. 
 
 Abraham Smith, two tracts, 370 acres, June 10, 1747. 
 
 Samuel Smith's heirs, 437 acres, August 13, 1746. 
 
 William Smith, two tracts, 67| acres, November 18, 1748. 
 
 John Coil, 68 acres, August 28, 1766. 
 
 Michael McNulty, 334 acres, May 24, 1753. 
 
 Joseph Alexander, 100 acres, February 8, 1742. 
 
 Andrew Miller (right of David Magaw), three tracts, 440 acres, March 
 18, 1737. 
 
 Benjamin Chambers, 361 acres, August 1, 1755. 
 
 George Gibson, 520 acres, October 28, 1746. 
 
 Andrew Gibson, 203 acres. 
 
 Eichard Gable (right of Abraham Gable), 110 acres, October 31, 1767. 
 
 Adam Hoops, 242 acres, September 30, 1751. 
 
 James Knox (in right of Samuel McFarren), 160 acres, June 10, 1747. 
 
 David Kennedy, 50 acres, November 9, 1741, and June 14, 1740. 
 
 David Scott (now John Lowman' s), 187 acres, August 20, 1738. 
 
 John Mitchell, 254 acres, March 21, 1737 
 

 JV. ^J^^ey^^p^f^^'^e^ 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 559. 
 
 Archibald McClellan, 64 acres, October 16, 1744. 
 
 James McLanahan, four tracts, 900 acres, July 5, 1742. 
 
 William Magaw, 86 acres, March 25, 1748. 
 
 Henry Pawling, 121 acres, June 10, 1762. 
 
 Thomas Poe, 568 acres, October 9, 1750. 
 
 Henry Prather,72 acres, June 4, 1762. 
 
 George Reynolds, 343 acres, October 6, 1738. 
 
 Eobert Wallace, 65 acres, October 19, 1743. 
 
 John Brotherton, 135 acres, April 25, 1747. 
 
 John Potter, 1 14 acres, October 9, 1750. 
 
 Samuel McPherren, 174 acres, June 10, 1747. 
 
 Moses Thompson, 141 acres. May 24, 1753. 
 
 James McBryer, 219 acres, February 3, 1755. 
 
 David McBryer, October 4, 1753. . 
 
 Moses Thompson, April 9, 1755. 
 
 Thomas Entricken, April 9, 1755. 
 
 Thomas Nesbitt, April 9, 1755. 
 
 George Corbet, April 9, 1755. 
 
 OLD GHAVEYABD TKANSCRIPTI0N8. 
 
 In Bfown's Mills Cemetery are found the following: Henry Pawling, died in 
 1761 (this is the oldest record on the stones in this graveyard) ; near this is an- 
 other which informs us that Henry Pawling died February 15, 1794, aged 
 forty seven years. John M. Pawling, born December 1, 1783, died November 
 26, 1838 ; Rebecca, daughter of Thomas Prather, and wife of John M. Pawling, 
 born May 18, 1788, died November 12, 1864. Sarah Courtney, died August 29, 
 1802,* aged sixty- two years. Jane McCleary, consort of Robert MeCleary, bom 
 March 7, 1766, died July 20, 1851. William Reynolds, died April 2, 1819, 
 aged seventy-nine years; Ruth Reynolds, died June 23, 1824, aged eighty- 
 two years. John McLean, born November 13, 1766, died August 1, 1849. 
 James Poe, one of the Revolutionary patriots, died June 22, 1822, aged 
 seventy- four years; Elizabeth Poe, consort, died September 11, 1819, aged 
 fifty-two years. Rev. Mathew Lind, died April 21, 1800, aged sixty-eight 
 years; his consort, Jennette Fulton, died April 1, 1819, aged seventy-three 
 years. James Witherspoon, died March 18, 1838, aged eighty-one years;. 
 Mary, consort, died November 25, 1838, aged eighty-seven years. 
 
 In cemetery near Shady Grove are found the following: Col. Thomas 
 Johnson, died in 1819, aged seventy-five years ; Martha Beatty, consort, died in 
 August, 1811. Eliza M. Lanahan, daughter of Thomas Johnson, died aged 
 fifty-eight years. Joseph Cooke, died February 5, 1804, aged eighty-two 
 years. James Johnston, born in north of Ireland, died in 1765. From docu- 
 ments in the possession of his descendants, he settled in Antrim Township- 
 in the early part of the year 1735. There are some evidences indicating that 
 he was the first white settler in the township. In time, however, he would 
 have preceded those mentioned above by a few months. Add to these the 
 account of the interments in Mossy Spring Cemetery, given in the account 
 of Greencastle, and it rfiakes a full account of necrology of the early settlers. 
 
 LIST or TAXABLES — 1786. 
 
 The earliest records accessible, of those who were here in 1786, -are fur- 
 nished in the list of taxables for that year, in Antrim Township with its pres- 
 ent boundaries, including the borough of Greencastle. 
 
660 
 
 John Allison. 
 William Allison. 
 William Adams. 
 John Allan. 
 Samuel Archer. 
 Dr. Robert Ambruse. 
 Conrad Burner. 
 Widow Bee. 
 Hugh Barkley. 
 James Boreland. 
 James Brotherton. 
 Wm. Berryhill. 
 Wm. Burk. 
 Jacob Brumbaugh. 
 George Brown. 
 Jacob Bair. 
 Wm. Beaty. 
 Fredk. Byais, Sr. 
 Fredk. Byars, Jr. 
 •Conrad Bush. 
 James Brown. 
 Geo. Bartlebaugh. 
 John Beatty. 
 Henry Beast. 
 Christ. Brandibarger. 
 Jacob Brunk. 
 Joseph Cruukelton. 
 Hugh Curathers. 
 John Crunkelton. 
 Robt. Crunkelton, Sr. 
 Robt. Crunkelton, Jr. 
 -Saml. Crunkelton. 
 Wm. Cross. 
 James Cross. 
 George Clark. 
 Thos. Clugston. 
 Gabriel Carpenter. 
 Joseph Cook. 
 Peter Coon. 
 Christ. Creamer. 
 James Crawford. 
 Charles Cox. 
 Robert Cooper. 
 Michael Carey. 
 Wm. Callahan. 
 Leonard Crowbarger. 
 Robert Clugston. 
 John Downey. 
 Wm. Downey. 
 Saml. Downey. 
 Alex. Drybrough. 
 Robt. Davison. 
 Elias Davidson. 
 Dr. John Davidson. 
 John Davison. 
 Joseph Davis. 
 John Davis, tailor. 
 Saml. Duglas. 
 James Dixon. 
 Thos. Duglas. 
 Wm. Downey. 
 Abm. Derush. 
 John Dusingberry. 
 Adam Dickey, 
 Oeorge Eldrich. 
 Peter Elie. 
 Cutlip Evert. 
 Wm. Evert. 
 John Erwin. 
 George Eaker. 
 
 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Wm. Eaker. 
 Abm. Elie. 
 
 Humphrey Fullerton. 
 Fredk. Fisher. 
 Conrad Fisher. 
 Nich. Frye. 
 Jas. Fleck. 
 John Foy. 
 Henry Gordon. 
 George Gordon. 
 Alex. Gordon. 
 Hugh Gaff. 
 Abm. Gabriel. 
 Richard Gabriel. 
 John Gay. 
 John Gibson. 
 John Gibson (creek). 
 John Qrindle. 
 Jacob Gallady. 
 Abm. Gansinger. 
 John Greer. 
 Robt. Gibson. 
 Danl. Hughes. 
 Jacob Harshberger. 
 Widow Hanna. 
 Widow Hart. 
 Abm. Hull. 
 John Heaflejf. 
 Francis Hibrick. 
 Saml. Hutchison. 
 Wm. Henderson. 
 John Haugh. 
 Thos. Hutson. 
 Henry Hoover. 
 Nich. Hewit. 
 David Howell. 
 Henderson & Wilkin. 
 Jas. Johnston. 
 John Johnston. 
 Thos. Johnston, Esq. 
 Dr. Robt. Johnston. 
 Wm. Johnston. 
 Robert Johnston. 
 Andw. Jack. 
 Crissly King. 
 John Keer. 
 John Kirk. 
 John Kennedy. 
 Fredk. Kycher. 
 Wm. Kiers. 
 Rev. James Lang. 
 Rev. Matthew Linn. 
 John Lawrence. 
 Richd. Lawrence. 
 Robt. Linn. 
 James Long. 
 David Long. 
 Mich). Lowman. 
 Jacob Lowman. 
 George Lowman. 
 David Larimore. 
 Joseph Lowrey. 
 Evans Lewis. 
 John Lowman. 
 Jacob Leisure. 
 Danl. Lane. 
 Danl. Linbaugh. 
 Wm. McKee. 
 Robert McCuUoch. 
 
 Saml. McCuUoch. 
 Jacob Millar. 
 James Moor. 
 John Millar. 
 Danl. Millar. 
 Henry Millar. 
 Jas. McBride. 
 John McLaughlin. 
 Danl. Mowan. 
 Ludwick Mowan. 
 Patrick McEntyre. 
 Mary Michal. 
 James McLene. 
 Danl. McLene. 
 Richard McLene. 
 Hugh McKee. 
 Jas. McRoberts.. 
 Jas. McCormick. 
 John McCormick. 
 Jas. McClenahan. 
 Widow McClenahan. 
 Wm. McClellan. 
 Robt. McClellan. 
 Jas. McKelley. 
 Alex. McCleary, 
 Saml. Moor. 
 John Marshal. 
 Pat. Maxwell. 
 Jas. McEntyre. 
 Stephen Mowan. 
 Baltsher Mowan. 
 Morris McGraw. 
 Leigh Masters. 
 Henry Morrow. 
 Danl. McCan. 
 Jas. McClain. 
 Henry Millar. 
 Hance Miller, Jr. 
 John Mares. 
 Lazarus McLean. 
 John Nye, Sr. 
 John Nye, Jr. 
 Wm. Neal. 
 Wm. Nesbit. 
 Cutlip Nuts. 
 Thos. Prather. 
 Abm. Prather. 
 Christ. Piper. 
 John Porter. 
 Joseph Paton. 
 Robt. Paton. 
 Henry Pawling. 
 Jas. Poe. 
 John Packman. 
 Felty Pachel. 
 Jacob Packsler. 
 John Piper. 
 Felty Preman. 
 Peter Poorman. 
 John Paton. 
 Andrew Robison. 
 James Roberts. 
 James Rea. 
 John Rinch. 
 Wm. Rankin. 
 James Roddy. 
 Andrew Reed. 
 John Rule. 
 Mat. Ryburn. 
 
 Peter Remer. 
 John Rodeman. 
 John Rodgers. 
 George Rumble. 
 Wm. Reany. 
 Wm. Rankin. 
 Eml. Stotlar. 
 Abraham Smith. 
 John Scott. 
 Wm. Scott. 
 John Stoonking. 
 Jacob Stotler. 
 John Stotler. 
 Samuel Smith. 
 David Snider. 
 Dr. Henry Snively. 
 Jacob Sayler. 
 Patrick Sangerson. 
 Andrew Snively. 
 Jos. Snively. 
 Saml. Stotler. 
 Henry Sights. 
 Crisley Snively. 
 Henry Snively. 
 Dr. Geo. Stover. 
 Gasper Stotler. 
 Wm. Stover. 
 Jacob Stover. 
 Emil Stover. 
 Fredk. Summers. 
 Henry Snively. 
 Nick Stuff. 
 Henry Stall, Sr. 
 Peter Shenholtz. 
 Widow Stitt. 
 Henry Secrist. 
 Philip StifEey. 
 George Sharer. 
 Ludwick Small. 
 William Stever. Sr. 
 William Scott. 
 Moses Thompson. 
 Robert Thompson. 
 Richard Taylor. 
 Andrew Thompson. 
 Thomas Tacy. 
 John Thompson. 
 John Weerman. 
 Peter Wolf. 
 Geo. Wallace. 
 Christ Widener. 
 Jacob Weidner. 
 John Woods. 
 Peter Whitmore. 
 James Watson. 
 Richard Wright. 
 William Woodman. 
 Christopher Wise. 
 James Witherspoon. 
 James White. 
 Adaq Wilson. 
 Jacob Weaver. 
 Fredk. Weibel. 
 Peter White. 
 Jacob Winterberger. 
 James White. 
 Alex. Young. 
 John Youst. 
 Jacob Zacharias. 
 
ANTRIM TOWKSHIP. 
 
 561 
 
 FBEEMEN., 
 
 William Allison. 
 William Cook. 
 Jeremiah Callahan. 
 Joseph Crunkleton. 
 Jos.Cninkleton,- No. 
 Jacob Crone. 
 William Downey. 
 John Ervin. 
 James Gibson. 
 Jacob Galladay. 
 Joseph Qrubb. 
 Abm. Gansinger. 
 Sol. Hoover. ■ 
 
 Peter Hull. 
 James Johnson. 
 Pelty miler. 
 Danl. Eeek. 
 !,j8mes McLanahan. 
 Robert McCleUan. 
 Wm. McClellan. 
 Saml. Moore. 
 Daniel McLene. 
 Thos. McLene. 
 John McCloskey. 
 William Mintooth. 
 John McCleary. 
 
 Jameis McLanahan. 
 Hugh Mclntyre. 
 Thos. McClain. 
 Geo. Nye. 
 Henry Pawling. 
 Robt. Pattern. 
 Abm. Prather. 
 John Rush. 
 James Robinson. 
 Dr. Adam Rankin. 
 James Richey. 
 Thos. Richey. 
 William Rule. 
 
 Abm. Smith. 
 Emanuel Stutter. 
 Samuel Stotter. 
 Stophel Sites. 
 Saml. Smith. 
 Saml. Stover, 
 Henry Siecrist. 
 Henry Strimb. 
 Conrad Speer. 
 Fredk. Summers. 
 Robert Wilkens. 
 Cutlip Wisar. 
 Andrew White. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The Kennedy Settlement in Antrim Township was m^de between the years 
 1755 and 1760. John Kennedy, a native of Lancaster County, came to the 
 confiuence of the East and the West Conoeocheague, in the southwest part of 
 Antrim Township, and located on 700 acres of land, the first tract being bot- 
 tom land extending a mUe and a half in length along the creeks. Contrary 
 to the general principle that the early settlers locate on the uplands, and 
 hence on the poorest land, he chose the lowland because of the superior fish- 
 ing qualities it possessed. This tract he obtained from an old Indian chief, 
 Cornplanter, with whom he lived in the most pleasing friendship for a quarter of 
 a century, the old chief having pitched his wigwam at the junction of the 
 stream on account of its easy.approach to the haunts of the finny tribes. Sub- 
 sequently John was joined by his brother David, who, being a bachelor, lived 
 with John in a hut located 100 yards south between the house now occupied by 
 Lazarus Kennedy and the creek. John had a son, David, and two daughters, 
 EUen (subsequently married to Joseph Lowry, who lived near to Upton), and 
 Mary (married to George Eaker). David, the son, inherited all the farm, and 
 became a boatman on the creek between the confluence and the Potomac at 
 Georgetovra and Alexandria. He married Mary Robinson, daughter of Fran- 
 cis Bobinson who lived across the creek in what is now Montgomery Township. 
 From this union sprang three children — one son, Lazarus, and two daughters, 
 Harriet and Charlotte. It is claimed that the same Indians who murdered 
 Enoch Brown and his faithful pupils, wounded old John Kennedy. He was 
 out hunting his horses which were found grazing in the creek bottom about a 
 mile from his home when he was attacked by a party of Indians. They killed the 
 horse he rode, and wounded him in the right thigh and shoulder. Being a good 
 marksman, he continued to retreat and fire upon them until he reached a bushy 
 oak tree that had fallen down into Rush Run, in the top of which he secreted 
 himself till nightfall, when he ventured forth and crept away to Cross' Fort, dis- 
 tant about a mile from the tree top, where he remained about six weeks away 
 from his family. Finally, Cornplanter sought him out, and hearing his story, 
 went in pursuit of the desperadoes and chased them into the mountains. The 
 199 acres lying at the north end of the track, on which Lazarus Kennedy is 
 now living, haye remained in the possession of the Kennedys since the first 
 settlement by John. Near neighbors and early settlers were the Allisons and 
 Henry Pawling at Greencastle; the McCoUoughs and Beards near Upton; the 
 Davises near Welsh Run; Adam Armstrong, Richard Gabriel. 
 
 About the close of the last century John Kennedy attempted to establish a 
 village at the confluence of the two Conococheagues, on the south side of the 
 main stream, but the enterprise Nas soon given up and the town plat vacated. 
 
562 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 It is now known as the Kennedy farm. It was here the first and only attempt 
 in the county was made to transport merchandise by water. 
 
 In 1772 John Crunkleton laid out a town on the road from "Conoco- 
 cheague settlement," (which afterward became Greencastle) toward Waynes- 
 boro, about two miles east of Greencastle. He named the town " Crunkleton." 
 Several lots were sold, three houses built and a tavern, by George Clark; 
 another, a store, by John Lawrence. This was the maximum of the town's 
 growth. Two of the houses were moved away and the place became a part 
 of Benjamin Snively's farm. Thera.is no mark now left, except one house, to 
 indicate it ever was a village. 
 
 David Brown, who settled in Antrim Township, probably where Brown's 
 mill now is, in 1769, came on a trip through what is now Franklin County. He 
 kept a diary of his. trip, and we extract from it that portion referring to the 
 county. It is what he saw and what he wrote down, dated April 26, 1769. We 
 apprehend that nothing in this book will be read and pondered with more in- 
 terest than these words from Mr. Brown just as he wrote them: 
 
 ' ' After which we crossed Yellow Breeches (which seldom rise much, ) and 
 went up the creek to Moris' works, which consisted of one furnace and a forge, 
 with five fires and 2 hammers, that were all worked by a spring, the head of 
 which was not above fifty rod distance, being the largest spring and the best 
 works I ever saw — and from thence to Fultons in Carlyle and lodged — had good 
 entertainment (but the town is inferior to York both as to size and to situation) 
 had an agreeable conference with Col. Armstrong, &c. 
 
 " 27th. Set out a half after 11 for a miller and went to Laughlins mill on the 
 great spring — there met Lyon on the road, an^ on enquiry found he was the 
 man we were looking for. From thence went up the Spring by R. Whisbeys 
 mill, at which we stopped and reviewed it — thence up to Barritz's Tavern on 
 the road and fed — went to Wm. Kipleys on the run at Shippenstown. 
 
 "28th. Sett off andwenttoBaineysandfed; from thence across Coneygogig 
 to Chamberstown, where there is a mill on a large spring with about thirty 
 feet fall right down into the east Conegogig — went up the road, then turned 
 and crossed Conogegig again on Adam Hoopers place, a little above Jacks mill 
 and went to Samuel Moorheads, where we dined and fed with great welcome 
 without pay — thence went across the woods into Loudon road and up to James 
 Campbells at a large stone house, about four miles from Loudon, where we saw 
 three young bears, that were lately caught by a wagoner who lived down by 
 Brandywine and was carrying them down — thence up across the west Conoge- 
 gig to Rowland Harris's in the gap; lodged all night. 
 
 "29th. Went to Allen Browns to breakfast, then turned to the left hand up 
 the mountain to a large body of iron ore, and saw about 10 dear in the woods; 
 then turned down to the road again and went to the foot of Tus Krora (Parnell's 
 nob) mountain to the sleeping place, where we saw six waggons going to Pitts- 
 burg; went to Mr. Elliotts, staid all Day— walked to his mill and to a large rich 
 bottom along the creek, part of which he has cleared." 
 
 David Brown was the grandfather of Capt. James Brown. A note from 
 Genl C. T. Campbell, of Scotland, Dak., says: "I think his remains are in 
 the old Brown graveyard, where my grandfather Poe was also buried." 
 
 BOROUGH AND VILLAGES. 
 
 The borough and villages in the township are Greencastle, Shady Grove, 
 Wmgerton Middleburg, Brown's Mills and South Pennsylvania Junction. 
 Shady Grove was one of the early settlements in the county. The first to 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 553 
 
 come here were the Johnstons, Gordons and Snivelys, 1734-35. They came 
 in about the order following: A. Gordon, Jacob Lay, Abraham linger, M. 
 Snively, Henry Ditch, John and Henry Baltzley, Samuel Fisher and Henry 
 Grove. A good portion of the land is held by the descendants of those who 
 originally purchased it. 
 
 The village was platted and laid out in 1840 by M. Snively. The church 
 in the village is the German Baptist— called Dunkards. It was organized in 
 1877. 
 
 The population is 125 souls. In the village is a creamery, one general 
 store, two blacksmith shops, a steam chopping-mill, a pump-maker, doctor, 
 etc. 
 
 Middleburg. — The first settler here, who built the first house, was Jack 
 Wolgamot. The village was founded by Jacob Strickler, in 1812. It is on 
 the main road leading from Greencastle to Hagerstown, and takes its name 
 from the fact that it is equi-distant between the two places. 
 
 It was originally called " Spiglersburg. " Wolgamot, it is said, built his 
 house on the State line — one-half the house in Maryland and one-half in 
 Pennsylvania, so he could worry the officers who occasionally called to see him 
 on official business. But upon a new swing of the line, he had made a mis- 
 take, as the house was in Maryland and only the chimney in Pennsylvania. 
 
 The Middleburg Kefprmed Church had its first preaching by Eev. John Re- 
 baugh in 1837; congi-egation organized in 1852, sixty-four members. The act- 
 ive members, elders and deacons were Philip Stine, Abraham Ziegler, Daniel 
 P. Miller, Henry Miller, Michael Stine, Peter McLaughlin, Daniel Brickley, 
 John Zeigler. Eev. Rebaugh continued in charge until 1863, then Revs. 
 Thomas G. Apple and Callender until 1870. The place was then made a sup- 
 ply station; preaching by Eev. W. P. CoUiflower, then by Revs. Stephen R. 
 Remer and John Sykes. Eev. Cyrus Cort is now the pastor in charge. The 
 congregation is rapidly growing and the church entirely prosperous. There 
 is a Sunday-school of 120 attendants and nineteen teachers. 
 
 THE MORMONS. 
 
 Mormons in Antrim. — It is not generally known, perhaps, that a strong 
 effort was inade to establish Mormonism in Pennsylvania, and yet such is the 
 case. After the killing of Joe Smith and Hyram Smith, at Carthage, 111., by 
 a mob, on the 27th of June, 1844, the leadership of the Saints naturally 
 belonged to Sidney Eigdon; but Brigham Young, an ambitious man 
 and a more recent convert to the faith than Eigdon, was chosen first president. 
 His talented competitor was cut ofP from the communion "of the faithful, cursed, 
 and solemnly delivered over to the devil, " to be buffeted in the flesh for a thou- 
 sand years." In a short time, Eigdon, with a band of faithful followers, came 
 eastward to Pittsburgh, Penn.j where they established a paper to promulgate 
 their doctrines. While Young and his associates were flying to Salt Lake City, 
 Eigdon and his adherents, reversing the doctrine that " westward the course of 
 empire takes its way," sought a congenial field among the conservative inhab- 
 itants of the Keystone State. 
 
 The work at Pittsburgh did not prosper. In a short time, two emissaries 
 sent out by Eigdon made their appearance in Antrim Township. Stopping 
 on the bridge that spans the Conococheague Creek, about a mile and a 
 quarter west of Greencastle, they cast their eyes over the farm of Andrew 
 G. McLanahan, which lay spread out before them and said: "This is the 
 place the Lord has shown us in visions to be the site of the city of New 
 Jerusalem." Shortly afterward, Peter Boyer, a wealthy farmer of Allegheny 
 
564 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 CcfQnty, Penn., come on and contracted with Mr. McLanahan for his farm 
 of about 400 acres, at $14,700. Boyer paid $6,000 in advance, and gave 
 a mortgage for the remainder of the purchase money. The purchaser took pos- 
 session in the spring of 1846, and in a short time Sidney Rigdon, Elders Hyde and 
 Heber, Judge Richards, William E. McClellan, Hatch, Hinkle, Zody, Grimes, 
 Ringer, and others joined them. The band numbered, all told, about 150. 
 Most of them moved upon the farm, where they intended to lay out a grand 
 city, build a magnificent temple and establish extensive manufacturing estab • 
 lishments. Some of them located in town, and some engaged in various busi- 
 ness interests. They brought with them a printing press, under the direction 
 of Mr. E. Robinson, now of Iowa, and established a weekly paper, called the 
 Conococheague Herald. 
 
 They had among them mechanics, farmers, professional men and a few 
 capitalists. Among the latter class was Judge Richards, who claims to have 
 sacrificed $200,000 for the cause of Mormonism. Sidney Rigdon was the 
 Prophet and Commander. Every Sunday they held services on the barn 
 floor at the farm, Rigdon doing most of the preaching. He was regarded a 
 very shrewd and eloquent man. 
 
 They did some preaching in the town, but were unsuccessful in arousing, 
 on the part of the community, the opposition which they had expected, to make 
 their cause popular. Rigdon boasted that the conflict would rage till the 
 streets were drenched with blood. He declared that there was not in the 
 churches of the town religion enough to save a nest of woodpeckers. 
 
 Idleness prevailed among these people. The money brought with them was 
 soon consumed. The hoTise, the barn, the corn crib, the smoke house even, 
 were used as dwelling places. Crops of grain were allowed to go to waste. 
 The time for the payment of the mortgage notes arrived, but no money for 
 that purpose was available. McLanahan foreclosed, in August, 1847, and all 
 the visions of the future great city disappeared. Some went to Utah, and 
 some joined the Gentiles. The conservative spirit of the Pennsylvanians 
 would not accept the new religion, and the whole scheme failed, to the great re- 
 joicing of the people. To the western branch must the future look for the ful- 
 fillment of the prophecy uttered in 1829 by Robert Southey, the English poet 
 and historian; '.' The next Aaron Burr who seeks to carve a kingdom for him- 
 self out of the outgrown territories of the Union may discover that fanati- 
 cism IS the most effective weapon with which ambition can arm itself; that the 
 way for both is prepared by that immorality which the want of religion natur- 
 ally and necessarily induces, and that camp-meetings may be very well direct- 
 ed to forward the designs of military prophets. Were there apother Moham- 
 med to arise, there is no part of the world where he would find more scope or 
 f au-er opportumty than in that part of the Anglo-American Union into which 
 the older States continually discharge the restless part of their population, 
 leaving laws and gospel to overtake it if they can; for in the march of modern 
 civilization, both are left behind." 
 
 LURGAN— 1743. 
 
 The name of this township, like old Antrim, plainly indicates the nativity 
 
 ?h«37 ]'°vT-^'^^'^''°''*^*'^°* ^^^^^ ^t *^e ti^^e it was erected 
 Si! ? ^7 I^u^ '^7''' ,^''™^*^ ^^« *^^e^ f^om tlie north part of Antrim 
 JnTclTi; 1^ """^ boundary Ime being the line of Cumberland County, its east 
 summTtof kX^'^^m' \'^^ Conodoguinet Creek, and its west^ line the 
 summit of Kittatmny Mountain. When formed it embraced its present ter- 
 
LUEGAN TOWNSHIP. 565 
 
 ritory and what is now Letterkenny, Greene and Southampton Townships. 
 The date given above as that of its formation is not from the records, but the 
 oldest mention found of it now in the archives is in a " deed ' ' for land in Cum- 
 berland County, in which Lurgan Township is a part of the description and 
 the deed bears the date of the year above given — 1743. This was then Lan- 
 caster County, but the instrument was afterward recorded in Cumberland 
 County. This is conclusive that it is that old at least, but does not furnish 
 any otiier evidence that it may not be older. 
 
 The situation of the original territory in this township was such that it 
 would naturally catch the eye of the immigrants as they passed up Cumber- 
 land Valley in the hunt of new homes. The territory now forming the town- 
 ship lies west of the main traveled route of immigr-ants in passing down the 
 valley. Blue Mountain and Kittatinny Mountain are on its west and northwest 
 borders. It is drained by Conodoguinet Creek, Paxton Kun, Trout Run, and 
 several small ravines flowing east from Blue Mountain. 
 
 EARLY LAND TITLES. 
 
 The earliest land entry in the township was November 4, 1736, John 
 Hastins (Hastings). The entry made in the statement of the survey says: 
 "By vertue of a warrant from the Honorable Proprietaries bearing date the — 
 day of — I have surveyed and laid out unto John Hastin, in the township of 
 Hopewell in the County of Lancaster on the west side of Susquehana Eiver, 
 603 acres of land." (Signed) Zach Butcher, D. S. 
 
 Endorsements : 
 
 "To survey this tract, if any more vacant land include it," 
 
 "If any persons settled thereon, let them know they must apply to ye 
 Sec' y's office." 
 
 " Returned &c., May 18, 1762, for Samuel Jones in person, and a warrant 
 dated October 10, 1760." 
 
 "May Hastings sells, as is said, this land to Samuel Jones, who sells, 
 as is said, to Joseph Jones, who is deceased, leaving a widow and two children. 
 All parties concerned, are to be present together, 14 April, 1759." 
 
 "John Everly applies for the share belonging to the widow and children 
 of Joseph Jones." 
 
 The other land entries were as follows: 
 
 John Maclay, 268 acres, August 16, 1754. Neighbors, A. Grimes and 
 Francis Grimes. 
 
 John Reynolds, 433 acres, October 6, 1738. Neighbors, Robert Edmon- 
 son, Samuel Reynolds, Edward Shippen. 
 
 Samuel Reynolds, two tracts, 160 acres, June 13, 1749. Neighbors, James 
 Reynolds, A. Mclntire, Wm. Rippey, John Reynolds. 
 
 Henry Swaney, 69J acres, April 19, 1746. Neighbors, Arthur Clark, John 
 Cummins, Robert Peebles, Robert Scott. 
 
 James Culbertson, 184 acres, August 14, 1751 (he reported no neighbors 
 with lands adjoining). 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES, 1786. 
 
 Taxables in what is now Lurgan Township, in 1786, were as follows: 
 
 Benjamin Alsworth. John Crookshaaks. Philip Foust. Philip Hdllinger., 
 
 Peter Alport. George Cripaugh. Francis Grimes. Henry Humbrey. 
 
 Thomas Barr. Michael Cripaugh. John Grimes. William Hunter. 
 
 Christopher Bower. Andrew Dickey. William Gaston. Margaret Hemphill. 
 
 John Campbell. Robert Donovan. David Harron. John Johnston. 
 
 William Grossman. James Dunlop. Frederick Hess. Archibald Johnston. 
 
566 
 
 John Knox. 
 Henry Millar. 
 William Leim. 
 Ludwich Long. 
 Joseph McKibben. 
 Archibald Mahan. 
 Robert Miller. 
 John Maclay. 
 Charles Maclay, Jr. 
 James McKee. 
 Alex. McCammont. 
 Oharles Maclay. 
 Robt. Morrow. 
 Robert McKane. 
 
 Michael Brady. 
 William Bradley. 
 Dennis Cintery. 
 John Emery. 
 James Gaston. 
 Robert Huston. 
 
 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Gawin Morrow. 
 Sarah McCormick. 
 Isaac Miller. 
 Lettice McKibben. 
 Andrew McPherren. 
 Wm. McCall. 
 Wm. McKnight. 
 JohnMcKnight, Jr. 
 Wm. McCombs. 
 Barnabas M'Laughlin 
 Henry Mahan. 
 John Maclay. 
 John McCall. 
 
 James Patterson. 
 Thomas Pumroy. 
 James Reid. 
 Peter Ratts. 
 Joseph Reed. 
 Giles Reed. 
 John Strain. 
 Abel Seyoc. 
 Harman Shoeman. 
 Thomas Snodgrass. 
 Barnhart Sower. 
 Anthony Shoemaker. 
 Andrew Suber. 
 
 John Shoeman. 
 Peter Sheerer. 
 John Seyoc. 
 George Stevenson. 
 John Snider. 
 Wm. Turner. 
 John Thompson. 
 John White. 
 Abraham Weir. 
 Samuel Woodrow. 
 George Wright. 
 John W^atson. 
 George Winsel. 
 
 Joseph Kyle. 
 GJeorge Martin. 
 David Maclay. 
 James McRorey. 
 Joseph McEane. 
 
 FREEMEN. 
 
 William Magaw. 
 Joseph Porter. 
 Thomas Reed. 
 Andrew Ralston. 
 John Shoeman. 
 
 Philip Shoeman. 
 Simon Shoeman. 
 James Trimble. 
 Samuel Walker. 
 George Weir. 
 
 THE P0MEBOY8. 
 
 Among the sarliest settlers in the county and in Lnrgan Township, was 
 Thomas Pomeroy, who came about the year 1730. He was the owner of a 
 large tract of land about two miles from Eoxbury on the Newbury road. He 
 reared a family of eight children — four sons and four daughters. He died 
 about 1770. His widow, Margaret, died in 1777. The sons were Thomas, 
 John, George and Samuel. One of the daughters married a Mr. Doyle, and 
 another married Mr. Duncan. Except Thomas, who remained on the old 
 homestead, the sons all went West. He was bom in Lurgan Township in 
 1733, so far as we now can know, the first white child bom in the township. 
 
 In the history of the State, and especially of the Revolutionary times, the 
 Pomeroys are a noted family. Thomas, the son of the first settler became em- 
 inent in his day. His first wife and two children were massacred by the In- 
 dians. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Boxhuiry. — The first settler in this place was Alexander W. Pomeroy, who 
 located on the Pomeroy farm, immediately adjoining the village, now in the 
 possession' of his great grandson. A relative of the Pomeroys, Francis Gra- 
 ham, Jr. , was an early settler in the village. He was one of the Revolutionary 
 heroes, and to the time of his death drew a pension for his services in the war. 
 
 The village is situated on Condoguinet Creek, at the base of Kittatinny 
 Mountain. It was laid out by William Leephar about 1778. In the old days 
 of "pack horses" it grew to be quite a business point, but its busy days 
 have now departed. Mr. Leephar built a grist-mill in 1783. The "Sound 
 Well Forge" was built by Leephar, Crotzer & Co. in 1798; the Roxbury 
 furnace in 1815. The last to carry on these works were the Hughes, in 1857. 
 Two churches were built in the place, the Union Church, in 1815, and the 
 Methodist Protestant, in 1873. 
 
 Grand Army of the Republic. —Lieut. A. A. Pomeroy Post, No. 295, of 
 Roxbury, was organized December 26, 1882, by Capt. W. B. Miller, assisted 
 by Comrade Haverstick. Charter members: W. H. Stewart, J. Breckenridge, 
 W. McGowen, Jacob Seilhamer, J. E. Harvey, Frank Creamer, John Watson, 
 Wm. Watson, Adam Franklin, J. Maclay, H. D. Bechtel, Peter PfeifFer, 
 Samuel Pery, George Franklin, George Seilhamer, Cyrus Hazlett. First offi- 
 cers of the post: Commander, John Breckenridge; Senior Vice-Commander, A. 
 Eranklm; Junior Vice-Commander, Jacob Seilhamer; Quartermaster, W. H 
 
PETERS TOWNSHIP. 5g7 
 
 Stewart; Adjutant, Frank Creamer. The officers for 1887 are as follows: 
 Commander, A. FranMin; Senior Vice-Commander, Wm. Traxler; Junior 
 Vice-Commander, G. Gussman; Quartermaster, J. P. "West; Adjutant,' J. Seil- 
 hamer. The post is named in honor of the gallant Lieut. A. A. Pomeroy, who 
 was killed at the battle of White Oak road, March 31, 1865. 
 
 (Andrew A. Pomeroy, fourth son of the late Hon. Thomas Pomeroy, 
 and brother of Eevs. J. J. and Seth W. Pomeroy, was born and reared in 
 Boxbury. His education was acquired in the schools of his native village and 
 at the Fayetteville Academy. Prior to the war he became so firmly convinced 
 that "human slavery as it existed in the United States was an iniquitous in- 
 stitution — an outrageous sin against God and man ' ' that he expressed his sen- 
 timents unreservedly and was pronounced by time-serving politicians "a 
 young Abolitionist. ' ' With these sentiments deeply rooted in his youthful 
 nature, ho entered Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Eegiment, 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, August 9, 1862, and, excepting a period of sickness 
 following the battle of Antietam, was with his command till it was mustered 
 out of service. He was wounded in the left arm at the battle of Chancellors- 
 ville. May 3, 1863. 
 
 After a short stay at home, he entered Company I of the One Hundred 
 and Ninety-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, his commission bearing date 
 September 14, 1864, and did valiant service with it in the Army of the 
 Potomac till the period of his death. 
 
 The following communication is inserted in justice to the gallant hero; 
 
 Hbadquartbks IsT Div. 5th Cokps, 
 Army of the Potomac. 
 
 June 30, 1865. 
 Thomas Pomeroy, Esq., Roxbuet, Pbnn.: 
 
 My Dear Sir: As this army is about to break up, and I am reminded anew of the 
 brave and good who have served with me through the hardships and hazards of war, I 
 can not forbear to address you a line expressive of my high regard for your son, late 1st 
 Lieut. 198th Reg't Penn. Vols., who fell while gallantly fighting at his post in the battle 
 of the White Oak Road, March 31st, 1865. Be assured, sir, his manly and noble conduct 
 was not unnoticed by his General, nor did he fall without tears due to so brave and true a 
 man. I must also speak of your other son. Chaplain of the same Regiment, whom I es- 
 teem as a man worthy of all love and praise, faithful to every trust, wise and not weary 
 in well doing. You may have a pride, though tinged with sadness, in having given men 
 like these to your country's cause; and, though one life was laid down, yet such lives are 
 never lost. I honor you — I congratulate you as the father of such sons, and I shall always 
 remember with love and mournful satisfaction their heroism and devotion. I am, my dear 
 sir, with high regard, your friend and servant, J. L. Chamberlain, 
 
 Brevet Major-Oeneral, Oommanding Division.) 
 
 Mowersville is about three and a half miles from Eoxbury. It was laid out 
 in 1866 by Joseph Mowers. It has a population of about forty. Its first settler 
 was John Mowers. The United Brethren Church was organized in 1832. 
 
 Lurgan Mutual Fire Insurance Company was established April 6, 1852; 
 Joseph E. Mowers, president; JohnE. Maclay, secretary. It commenced in a 
 small way, intended as a mutual benefit to neighbors, and has now grown to 
 much importance. December, 1885, its total risks were |5, 1 22, 293. Its char- 
 ter members were Joseph E. Mowers, David Hays, Daniel Snoke, John Hensel, 
 Jacob Foglesonger, John E. Maclay, Adam Shoeninaker, Henry Clippinger, 
 Christian Snoke. 
 
 Centre is situated on the road leading from Eoxbury to Orrstown. 
 
 PETEES— 1751. 
 
 This township was named in honor of Eichard Peters, the distinguished 
 colonial secretary of the province under Govs. Thomas, Palmer, Hamil- 
 
 30 
 
568 
 
 HISTOEY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 ton, Morris and Denny, from 1743 to 1762. Mention of the township in the 
 Cumberland County records is made in 1751, raising the presumption that it 
 was organized by the court soon after that county was erected. At first it 
 embraced its present territory and that of Montgomery, and a part of St. 
 Thomas west of Campbell's Run. Here, too, the names of early settlers indi- 
 cated Scotch- Irish people. 
 
 FIRST SETTLERS. 
 
 Among the first settlers were William McDowell, born in the North of Ire- 
 land, and came to America between 1714 and 1720, and to Peters Township in 
 1730 or 1731. In 1759 the people were driven away by the Indians, and the 
 McDowells went to Wrightsville, where William died at the age of seventy-seven 
 years. His sons were John, William, Nathan, James and Thomas. The 
 grandchildren of William are all dead except two — Mrs. C. M. White and Will- 
 iam H. McDowell, children of Thomas. 
 
 EARLY LAND TITLES. 
 
 The earliest record of land titles in what is now the territory of i^eters 
 Township is that of Eev. John Black and Samuel Harris, March, 1737; then 
 Andrew McOleary, August 17, 1738; then are the following: William Arm- 
 strong, June 15; 1752; neighbors, Thomas and John Barr. John Dickey, 
 May 25, 1753. James Glenn, December 2, 1743. Heirs of William With- 
 row, in right of William Halliday, September 7, 1753. Samuel Irwin, in 
 right of Henry Johnston, March 4, 1742. William Maxwell, November 1, 
 1745. James McCullough, March 23, 1771. William Clark, Januarv 22, 
 1753. John McDowell, December 26, 1752. James McDowell, Apri'l 30, 
 1773; his neighbors were John McDowell, Nathan McDowell, William 
 Mc Dowell, L. McClellan, Eliza J. McLellan. Richard Peters, August 17, 
 1751; his neighbors were Joseph Smith, James Irwin, Joseph Stewart and 
 Robert Smith. Edward Shippen, November 1, 1745; his neighbors were 
 Robert Clark, William Wilson, James Irwin. John Taylor, November 10, 
 1742; neighbors, John Dickey, Sr., Robert Wilson, William Hays, John Har- 
 ris. James Wilson, November 15, 1746; neighbors, Samuel Robb and Will- 
 iam Wilson. Robert McClelland, February 18, 1744. James McClelland, 
 March 31, 1743; neighbors, Robert Cidbertson. James Wilkins, James Gard- 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 The list of taxables in 1786, in the territory of the township, as it is now, 
 was as follows: 
 
 Daniel Alexander, 
 Andrew Alexander, 
 William Armstrong, 
 Hez. Alexander, 
 Adam Armstrong. 
 Arthur Alexander, 
 John Baird, 
 James Blair, 
 Alexander Brown, 
 Thomas Barr, 
 Ann Black (widow), 
 Thomas Boal, 
 Samuel Brown, 
 William Barnett, 
 Joshua Bradner, 
 John Black, 
 John Baird, 
 
 James Black, 
 Widow Brown, 
 Robert Barnet, 
 David Bowel, 
 John Blair, 
 George Brown, 
 Hugh Kerrell, 
 Wm. Clark 
 Robert Clogage, 
 William Oampbel, 
 Michael Carsell, 
 Samuel Chnpman, 
 Thomas Callioun, 
 Michael Campbell, 
 Robert Crawford, 
 Patrick Clark, 
 Wm. Campbel, 
 
 Robert Culbertson, 
 Charles Campbel, 
 Thomas Clark, 
 John Dickey, 
 James Dickey, 
 Widow Donelson, 
 Wm. Dunwoody, 
 John Docherty, 
 Samuel Davis, 
 David Davis, 
 James Davis, 
 Widow Davis. 
 Philip Davls^ 
 Joseph Dunlop, 
 Arthur Donelson, 
 Davii Davis, 
 Nathaniel Davis, 
 
 Joshua Davis 
 Thomas Davis, 
 Joshua Edwards, 
 John Erwin, 
 Mithew Erwin, 
 James Erwin, 
 Widow Parier, 
 John Flanagbin, 
 James Flanaghin, 
 Moses Fisher, 
 James Galbrea'th, 
 John Gillmore, 
 Widow Garigon, 
 Samuel Gilespie, 
 James Galaway, 
 Joshua Hariss, 
 John Hariss, 
 
PETEBS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 669 
 
 Jeremiah Hariss, 
 Charles Hariss, 
 Widow Huston, 
 James Holland, 
 John Huston, 
 John Hamilton, 
 Joseph How, 
 John Holyday, 
 William Holyday, 
 Wm. Hanhy, 
 David Huston, 
 John Hill, 
 James Holiday, 
 Alexander Hutchison, 
 Messech James, 
 Wm. Lowrie, 
 Henry Larkan, 
 Wm. Maxwell, 
 James Mitchell, 
 James Sloan, 
 
 John Morlan, 
 John Martin, 
 James Mercer, 
 John Mercer, 
 Wm. Marshall, 
 Wm. Moor, 
 Widow McFarland, 
 Andrew Morison, 
 John McDowell, 
 Alexander McKee, 
 Robert McClellan, 
 Wm. McDowell, Jr. 
 Wm. McClellan, 
 John McClellan, 
 Andrew Moor, 
 Wm. McDowell, 
 James McConnel, 
 Robert McCoy, 
 Wm. Mclllhallon, 
 James McMahon, 
 
 James Murphy, 
 Wm. Morrison, 
 James McClellan, 
 Robert Newell, 
 Victor Neeley, 
 James Orr, 
 Thos. Orbison, 
 Thomas Owins, 
 Nathan Orr, 
 Matthew Patton, 
 John'Patton, 
 Francis Patterson, 
 David Rees, 
 James Rankin, 
 Alexander Robertson 
 Wm. Semple, 
 Richard Stevens, 
 Andrew Simpson, 
 Wm. Shanon, 
 
 Hugh Shanon, 
 Widow Scott, 
 Alex. Staret, 
 Collin Spence, 
 John Twlor, 
 James Wright, 
 Wm. Wilson, 
 John Wilson, 
 John Winton, 
 James Wilkey, 
 James Wilson, 
 Mathew Wallace, 
 Moses White, 
 John Waason, 
 i,Jo.seph Williams, 
 John Woods, 
 Joseph White, 
 Thos. Waddel. 
 
 Samuel Templeton, 
 Wm. Taylor, 
 James Wilson, 
 James Wallace, 
 And. Willabee, 
 
 Oliver Wallace, James Coyle, Alex. Hutchison, 
 
 Robert Anderson, James Brown, Ed. Horkan, 
 
 Gayin Cloggage, Alexander McConnel, William Queen, 
 
 Robert Banefield, James Carswell, John Laird, 
 
 David Alexander, Tames Blair, David Wallace. 
 
 Loudon is on the Chambersburg and Bedford turnpike road, in Peters 
 Township, fourteen mUes west of Chambersburg, at the base of Parnell' s 'Knob. 
 As early as 1756 it appears in the history of those times as Loudon town. 
 That year a fort was erected there. (For full particulars see chapter III. ) 
 The present town is about a mile northwest of the fort. In the days of bridle 
 paths and pack-horses it was quite a point for the departure of pack trains for 
 Bedford, Fort Cumberland and Pittsburgh. 
 
 The present town was laid out by Johnston Elliott, in 1804. When the 
 great highway .to Pittsburgh was made it became noted for manufacturiag 
 wagons and equipments. The opening of the railroads in the valley, however, 
 changed ail th«s, and the town's business passed to other points. The South- 
 ern Pennsylvania Eailroad passes by the town and now the people have free 
 communication with the outer world. 
 
 In the village is the Eagle House, many years ago owned and kept by 
 Thomas Scott. In this house was born Hon. Thomas A. Scott, the railroad 
 magnate, and here he spent his young days. 
 
 The village has two general stores; two merchant tailors; wagon and 
 blacksmith shops; four new churches, as follows: 
 
 Methodist Episcopal. — This church had an organization here in 1826, and 
 at that time they erected a church building. Some of the active members 
 were the Mileses, Hendersons, Statlers, Burldiolders and Duffields. Since 1877 
 St. Thomas, Loudon and Charleston have been joined as one charge and 
 called Loudon Circuit, Kev. E. M. Aller, pastor in charge. 
 
 Ijutheran Church. — This was organized about 1830, by Eev. Peter Sahm, 
 with the following charter members: John Beaver and wife, Catherine Allin- 
 der, Elizabeth Brahm; Sarah McGrath, Peter Spencer, Catherine Spencer, 
 James McCuen and wife, Mrs. Sarah Wright. Prior to 1845 the congregation 
 met in the Union House with the Eeformed congregation. In 1846 it erected a 
 brick edifice of its own at a cost of $1,600. In 1855 it was torn down and re- 
 placed by the present brick structure, at a cost of 13,400. The membership 
 
570 HISTOBY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 is sixty-five. The Sunday-sohool, under the superintendenoy of Ferdinand 
 Senseny, enroUs seventy-five to one hundred. The following preachers have 
 served the congregation: Eevs. Peter Sahm, David Smith, William Kopt, 
 Solomon McHenry, Bechtel, George Both, A. M. Whetstone, A. J. Hesson, 
 H. B. Winton, Benjamin F. Kautz. , x o 
 
 United Brethren Cfewrcft. —Preaching had been held in and around Loudon 
 at an early day, but not regularly till 1854, when, through the efforts of John 
 Haller and his wife, the proclamation of truth was made. The organization 
 began in 1855, and consisted of John Haller. and wife, Benjamin Hoover and 
 wife dad John Lehmaster and wife. The last two families moved away, leav- 
 ing Mr. and Mrs. Haller to fight their battles alone. Among the preachers 
 may be mentioned Eevs. Tobias Crider, Himiberger, Jeremiah Bishop, 
 Adam Cress, Jacob L. Vance, Jacob G. SchafF, S. L. Minnich, P. C. Haller, 
 A. BicUey, Samuel Young, W. A. Jackson, J. F. Smith, John Haller, S. Big- 
 ham, Jacob T. Shafer, J. M. Bishop, Samuel A. Mowers, T. Enterline, John 
 Fohl, Jacob Wantz, William Palsgrove, P. Corte, D. W. Proffitt, S. T. Wal- 
 lace, W. H. Sherer, Luther Bricker, C. A. Bui-tner, L. A. Wickey, W. A. 
 Grim. The present structure was erected in 1883, imder the direction of John 
 Haller and C. A. Burtner, at a cost of 11,600. The congregation has seven- 
 teen members, with no. Sunday-school, at present. 
 
 Befcrrmed Church. — This was partially organized in 1815, and was com- 
 pleted in 1819. Says the Rev. Jacob Hassler, present pastor: "At first the 
 preaohingwasinStenger'sschoolhouse; first regular pastor. Rev. F. A. SchoU. 
 Communicants in 1820: John Long, Magdalena Long, Philip Tritle, Eliz- 
 abeth Tritle, George Palsgrove, Samuel C. Palsgrove, George Werner, Rebec- 
 ca Werner, Peter Stenger, Conrad Stenger, and others. Seventeen are on rec- 
 ord. The church grounds were donated by Conrad Stenger. This was adja- 
 cent to the Stenger Cemetery. No building was erected, however, on this 
 ground, but uniting with the Presbyterians and Lutherans, a building was put 
 up in the village in 1819. The charter members in this early church were John 
 Dickey, Thomas Scott (father of Thomas A.), John Beaver, Sr., Conrad 
 Stenger, Sr. (father of the late Hon. Peter Stenger, and grandfather of Hon. 
 W. S. Stenger), Matthew Patton, James Lowe and R. W. Kirby, In 1851 
 the churc!^ was repaired and remodeled at a cost of about $800. In 1876 it 
 wa s torn down, and the present St. Peter' s Reformed Church was built on Main 
 St reet — a brick structure, two stories, with spire, vestibule, lecture room, and 
 cost about $5,200. The following is a list of the different pastors: Rev. F. A. 
 SchoU, 1819-29; Rev. Jacob Dieffenbacher, 1830-33; Rev. Jacob Mayer, 1834- 
 37; supplied by Rev. John Rebaugh and Theo. Students, 1838-42; Rev. C. 
 F. McCauley, 1842-45; Rev. William Phillips, 1845-49; Rev. J. Hassler, 1850 
 -58; Rev. D. M. Giles, 1858-59; Rev. John Ault, 1859-62; Rev. E. P. 
 Thomas, 1863-65; Rev. F. A. Gast, 1865-67; Rev. W. C. B. Shulenberger, 
 1868-73; Rev. J. Hassler, 1873—86, who is the present pastor- — embracing thus 
 a period, in the two pastorates,- of over twenty-one years. Present membership 
 is from eighty-five to ninety. The elders are Peter Shearer, Casper Metz, A. 
 Dale and Henry Gluck; deacons, Thomas McGuire, Fred Snyder, J. H. 
 Hoerner; trustees, Elias Patton, P. Shearer, A. Dale. Sunday -school has 
 sixty to seventy-five scholars; superintendent, Elder Casper Metz." 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — [See history of Presbyterian Church under chapter 
 head — "Borough of Mercersburg."] 
 
 LEUASTEBS. 
 
 This place is a small station on the South. Penn. railroad; has apostoffice, 
 etc. The church of the United Brethren was erected in 1881, at a cost of 
 
PETEB8 TOWNSHIP. 571 
 
 ^2,200. The building committee were Eev. M. Bitner and Jacob Leh- 
 master; first ministers: Eevs. Bitner, John Hoover, J. Lehmaster; membership 
 fifty; pastors in charge: Eevs. Bitner, Wickey and Grimm. The nucleus of the 
 village was started in 1876 by Samuel Plumb, who purchased eleven acres of 
 ground of Mr. Lehmaster and built a workshop. It has a population of 150 
 souls. 
 
 UPTON. 
 
 This town was laid out in 1840 by George Cook, who commenced business 
 in the old tavern stand now belonging to the estate of Notley Easton. He 
 erected a number of buildings, and became the godfather of the town. He 
 was an enterprising citizen, dying October 1, 1871, at the age of fifty-eight 
 years. At one time he was captain of a company of light dragoons, a militia 
 company that embraced such men as the McDowells, Potters, Batons and Mc- 
 Coys. One of the first settlers was Wm. Maxwell, who owned a large body 
 of land one mile west of Upton, subdivided into six or eight farms. A 
 graded school of two rooms was bmlt in 1868. A union church is occupied by 
 file Lutheran and Eeformed bodies; the house is of brick completed in June, 
 1858, at a cost of $1,304. Organization began at that time. 
 
 St. Stephen's Reformed Congregation at first held meetings in the school- 
 house near Upton; the, building is part of the residence of N. P. Martin. The 
 first attendants were George Cook, George Summers, Jacob Hawbecker, John 
 Greenawalt, Adam Mummart, William Benniger, Charles Eckert, Thomas 
 Goltman, Thomas Clingan, David Shoup, Fredi Houghlander. Elders in 
 1859: George Cook, J. Hawbecker. Deacons: Wm. Stitzel, Henry Michley, 
 J. Shriver, Leander Brindle. Rev. T. G. Apple was the pastor until 1866, 
 when he was succeeded by Rev. S. N. Callender, remaining until 1870; Eev. 
 J. G. Bunn untU 1883, when the present pastor, Eev. J. W. Knappenberger, 
 took charge. 
 
 Lutheran: Eev. Ed. Breidenbaugh, Eev. Eyster, Eev. Thos. T. Everett; 
 Eev. Fred. Klinefelter. 
 
 In the old Waddell Cemetery, sometimes called Eckert' s, between Lemas- 
 ters and Mercersburg, are buried the following: 
 
 Thomas McDowell, died August 4, 1857, aged seventy-nine years; Mary 
 G., consort, died October 31, 1854, aged seventy years. Patrick McDowell, 
 died April 24, 1846, aged s"eventy-six; Elizabeth, consort, died August 2, 1851, 
 aged seventy-one. Nathan Brownson, born October 2, 1779, died January 24, 
 1856. James McDowell, died April 8, 1864, aged seventy eight years. Mary 
 P. McDowell, died October 9, 1876, aged eighty- eight years. 
 
 James Buchanan (father of President Buchanan), died June 11, 1821,. aged 
 sixty. We quote these words from the stone marking his grave; "The deceased 
 was a tender husband, an intelligent parent, and a faithful friend. In all his 
 intercourse with society, which was extensive, he sustained the character of an 
 honest man and a useful citizen." Elizabeth, widow of James Buchanan, 
 died May 14, 1838, in the' sixty-seventh year of her age. Elliott T. Lane, 
 died November 23, 1840, aged fifty; Jane Buchanan Lane, wife, born July 
 17, 1793, died February 20, 1839. 
 
 W. S. Buchanan, born November 14, 1805, died December 19, 1828. 
 George W. Buchanan, lawyer, died September 26, 1832, aged twenty-five 
 years. 
 
 Harriet E. Henry, wife of Rev. Eobert Henry, born August 5, 1802, died 
 January 23, 1840. ,. , 
 
 James Dickey died March 13, 1813, aged fifty-nine. Eebecca Dickey, died 
 August 27, 1821, aged seventy. James Dickey died March 6, 1855, aged 
 seventy-three. 
 
572 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Wm S McDowell, born October 20, 1776, died January 20, 1834; Mary, 
 consort, born January 8, 1781, died January 4, 1860. John McDowell died 
 January 6, 1794, aged seventy- eight; Agnes, wife, died August 8, 17bb, aged 
 fifty-one. John McDowell, LL. D., died December 22, 1820, aged sixty-nine. 
 
 Mathias Moris, born in German Township (Philadelphia), May 19, 1717, 
 
 died October 9, 1811. ^^_ , . , ,;r 
 
 Wm. McDowell, died September 17, 1812, aged ninety; May, consort, 
 
 died April 9, 1805, aged seventy -eight. 
 
 Capt. Samuel Patton, died June 9, 1821, aged eighty. He settled on 
 
 what was the site of Fort Loudon; Elizabeth,- consort, died July 13, 1826, 
 
 ^^^ Jacob Lehmaster, born July 8, 1775, died June 25, 1861; Elizabeth, con- 
 sort, died July 8, 1857, aged seventy-one. David Lehmaster, born May 19, 
 1821, died March 26, 1876. 
 
 In the Churchill Cemetery are the following: 
 
 Kev. John King, D. D. , who for forty-two years was the faithful pastor of 
 the West Conococheague Church. [See page 184, chapter on Eevolutionary 
 
 war. ] 
 
 Thomas Bard, bom April 2, 1769, died July 9, 1840; Jane, consort, bom 
 December 17, 1783, died August 31, 1857. Isaac Bard, died July 28, 1806, 
 aged forty -five years. Kiohard Bard, died February 22, 1799, aged sixty- three; 
 Catharine, consort, died August 31, 181], aged seventy-fom-. 
 
 James Crawford, died 1798. 
 
 Judge Archibald Bard, died October 18, 1832, of cholera, aged sixty-seven; 
 Elizabeth Beatty, wife, born January 17, 1774, died January 9, 1852. 
 
 Matthew Sims Van Lear, bom July 8, 1795, died December 19, 1852. 
 
 Alex. McCutcheon, died August 3, 1844, aged eighty-eight. 
 
 Wm. Hayes, died August 26, 1804, aged sixty- two; Jean, wife, died Aug- 
 ust 26, 1804, aged fifty-three. 
 
 Samuel Findlay, died 1804, aged seventy-one; Jane, wife, died 1783, aged 
 thirty-five. 
 
 Eobert Smith, died April 21, 1849, aged eighty-three; Elizabeth, wife, 
 died March 20, 1814, aged forty-seven. 
 
 Dr. P. W. Little, died July 21, 1848, aged sixty-five; Mary S. Parker, 
 wife, died August 26, 1848, aged fifty-nine. 
 
 Alexander McCoy, died March 19, 1846, aged sixty. 
 
 John McFarland, died December 18, 1856, aged seventy-five; Elizabeth 
 Parker, wife, died January 27, 1845, aged fifty-five. 
 
 Eobt. C. McFarland, died June 15, 1850, aged seventy -three. 
 
 James Stuart, died April 27, 1813, aged seventy- seven. 
 
 Hugh Conway, died April 19, 1828, aged sixty-one. 
 
 Wm. Hamilton, died January 19, 1831, aged sixty-five. 
 
 John Dickey. Esq., died January 25, 1842, aged ninety; Elizabeth, wife, 
 died May 28, 1842, aged eighty-seven. 
 
 BEIDGEPOET. 
 
 The land about this place was taken up by the J^TcDowells, Dickeys and 
 Beams at a very early day, the first having located between 1730 and 1734. 
 Up to about 1825 the settlement was known as McDowell's Mill. At the date 
 last mentioned a stone bridge was built across the west branch of the Conoco- 
 cheague, since when the place has been called Bridgeport. 
 
 The present mill, used for both lumbering and flouring purposes, was 
 buUt in 1846, and is the third one erected on the site. It is owned by Mr. 
 
GUILFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 573 
 
 Jacob Wister, who also possesses the site of the old McDowell fort, described 
 in the chapter on the Indian war. 
 
 The business of the place consists of the floiii-ing and lumber-mills, a dry 
 goods store, a blacksmith and two carpenter shops, a shoemaker and a coach- 
 maker. It had a postofiice from 1878 to 1882, when it was removed to Leh - 
 master's Station. 
 
 It has a graded school building of two rooms, which is also used for 
 church purposes. Present population, 140. 
 
 COVE GAP.. 
 
 Cove Gap is a small hamlet in Peters Township, situated on the public 
 road from Warren Township ; population, about fifty. 
 
 GUILFORD— 1751. 
 
 The time of the formation of this township is also arrived at by taking the 
 oldest dates of its mention in the records of. Cumberland County. With the 
 early Scotch-Irish > settlers there seems to have been a number of English 
 families, and it is probable they gave it the English name it bears. The pres- 
 ent spelling of the name is different from that of the English town after which 
 it was named. The sound is preserved, and we must remember that our fore- 
 fathers spelled proper names by sound, and not by first learning how to fol- 
 low custom in putting the letters together. 
 
 EAELT LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 Within the borders of this township the early land entries were made by Wm. 
 Adams, October 12, 1749; neighbor, George Cook. David Adams, September 
 9, 1766; neighbors, John Shetz, Peter Fry, Patrick and John Vance, William 
 Adams, John Lindsay, John Buck. Henry Black, September 9, 1766; neigh- 
 bors, William Gass, Moses Lamb, Benjamin Chambers. Samuel Burg, De- 
 cember 9, 1762; neighbor, John Forsyth. Nicholas Beaver, December 18, 
 1792; neighbors, Fred. Shelley, Jac. and Simon Strong. Patrick and John 
 Vance (right of Samuel Caven), May 31, 1743; neighbors, Benjamin and Will- 
 iam Gass. Edward Crawford, August 4, 1751 ; neighbors. William Vanlear, 
 James Crawford, George Crawford. John Cawden, June 10, 1762; neighbors, 
 Michael Bard, Samuel Ren wick, Geo. Crawford, Hugh Crawfoid, Harvey 
 Smith. Robert Craig, June 4, 1762; neighbors, Jeremiah Worden, Samuel 
 Morehead. [This land lies on Conococheague. ] Samuel Howard, October 24, 
 1749; neighbors, Philip Stump, Peter Gazette, Fred. Croft. John Mushet, 
 August 10, 1743. Jacob Snively, February 20, 1754; neighbors, Samuel Mc- 
 Crea, Thomas Clogston, Thomas Cole, William Davis, John Clogston, Peter 
 Gozat. Alexander Stewart, June 29, 1750; neighbors, James and Edward 
 Crawford, William Delap, James Lindsay. 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 David Adams. 
 Capt. John Andrew. 
 John Andrew, Sr. 
 William Adams. 
 John Acheson. 
 Owen Aston. 
 David Archibald. 
 Peter Bondbrick. 
 Henry Bondbriok. 
 Mathias Brothers. 
 
 William Brotherton. 
 John Black. 
 Daniel Bonbrick. 
 Geo. Bittingcr. 
 Robert Bigham. 
 Daniel Bonbrick, Jr. 
 Fred. Bonbrick. 
 Nicholas Bittinger. 
 Walter Bcally. 
 John Beard. 
 
 J acob Cover. 
 Jacob Cook. 
 John Clugston. 
 Andrew Cover. 
 Ezekiel Chambers. 
 Martin Cook. 
 Adam Cook. 
 Joseph Coufihener. 
 Jami'S Cowningham. 
 Jacob Cover. 
 
 Edward Crawford, Jr. 
 Edward Crawford, Sr. 
 John Crawford. 
 Jno. Ciildwell. 
 Alex. Culbertson. 
 Henry Coylc. 
 George Cook, 8r. 
 George Cook, Jr. 
 John Croft. 
 Archibald Cashey. 
 
574 
 
 Jacob CofEer. 
 Saml. Drummon. 
 Nicholas Earhart. 
 Robert English. 
 Peter Frey. 
 Robert Filson. 
 John Fleck. 
 Felty Goosehead. 
 Philip Goosehead. 
 Mathias Gift. 
 Adam Gift. 
 George Gift. 
 William Gasa. 
 Hugh Gibbs. 
 Bartholamy Haddon, 
 John Harmony. 
 Ludwick Harmony. 
 Solomon Horner. 
 John Harron. 
 Jacol) Hicks. 
 George Helman. 
 Daniel Handman. 
 Geo Hartsough. 
 Mathew Hopkins. 
 Albright Hickman. 
 
 James Andrew. 
 John Andrew. 
 Allen Baxter. 
 Leonard Burkhamer. 
 Joseph Crawford. 
 James Druman. 
 Robert Duncan. 
 Jacob Hicks. 
 
 HI8T0BY OP FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Adam Harmony. 
 William Johnston. 
 John Jack. 
 Geo. Kerriher. 
 John Kerriher. 
 William Kirby. 
 David Keller. 
 Andrew Kiser. 
 Jacob Keller. 
 AbramKovel. 
 John Lindsay. 
 James Lindsay. 
 Fulton Lindsay. 
 Geo. Lamb. 
 Wm. Long. 
 Wm. Long ^spring). 
 Wm. Long (road). 
 Mary Lindsay. 
 Alex. McKeever. 
 John McMullan. 
 Henry McClelon. 
 David Martin. 
 James McFarlan. 
 James McWilliams. 
 J. McCanney. 
 
 Mary McCormick. 
 John Miller. 
 James McCoskey. 
 Wm. Nicholas. 
 John Polk. 
 James Patton. 
 Daniel Poorman. 
 Widow Packard. 
 Henry Ralphsnyder. 
 John Ranfew. 
 William Ross. 
 John Rannels. 
 John Ralphsnyder. 
 Michael Ralphsnyder, 
 Thomas Sherlow. 
 Mich. Snyder. 
 Samuel Snodgrass. 
 Jacob Snyder. 
 Gasper Slear. 
 Henry Shiietts. 
 Peter Snyder. 
 Philip Stumps. 
 Adam Stumps. 
 Geo. Smith. 
 Daniel Smith. 
 
 FREEMEN. 
 
 Peter Harmony. 
 Alex. Jeffreys. 
 John King. 
 Geo. Lamb. 
 Geo. Mrtrtin. 
 James McCimm. 
 Alex. McKimey. 
 Adam Martin. 
 
 Samuel Ross. 
 Peter Snyder. 
 Peter Smith. 
 Henry Snyder. 
 John Stumps. 
 Isaac Smith. 
 Peter Snyder. 
 Henry SheflEer. 
 
 Anthony Snyder. 
 John Sheets. 
 Frederick Smith. 
 William Snodgrass. 
 Conrad Snyder. 
 Mathew Sharp. 
 John Thorn. 
 Henry Thrallman. 
 John Thompson. 
 Jacob Trille. 
 William VJnlear. 
 Elizabeth Vance. 
 William Wallace. 
 Martin Wingert. 
 Robert Willson. 
 John Wingart. 
 Pierce Wallacher. 
 Jeremiah Worder. 
 Saml.W. Walles. 
 Michael Whitmore. 
 William Walles. 
 Mathew Wilson. 
 Martin Wingart. 
 Conrad Wolfkill. 
 James Young. 
 
 Jacob Sheets. 
 James Snodgrass. 
 John Smith. 
 William Vinlear. 
 Jacob Wolfkill. 
 John Wingert. 
 
 MANORS AND EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 Greene Manor — Guilford Manor.— Oi these two proprietary grants, the 
 only ones mentioned in the records of Franklin County, Mathew Henderson 
 in his re- survey says: 
 
 ' ' General description of two tracts of land adjoining each other situate 
 partly in Guilford and partly in Greene Townships, in the county of Franklin, 
 formerly in the county of Cumberland, one whereof containing, according to 
 the original survey, 1,275 acres and allowance, etc. Surveyed the 18th of 
 April, 1766, in pursuance of a warrant of the 13th of October, 1760,* and the 
 other containing 3,220 acres and allowances, surveyed the 8th and 9th of 
 March, 1765, in pursuance of a warrant of the 13th of October, 1760. Now re- 
 surveyed according to the original lines, and such parts thereof as have been 
 settled and are now occupied (together with Nos. 11 as yet unoccupied), laid 
 off into such convenient tracts or plantations as may generally best suit the pur- 
 chasers, or occupiers who all propose to become purchasers,' in doing which, 
 however, I was obliged, save in few instances, where the occupiers had 
 crowded and intermixed their improvements with each other, to run the divis- 
 ion line in such a manner as to lop off some skirts of these improvements 
 where I thought it just and reasonable. " 
 
 He then describes the lands of the two manors as pinery land. But good 
 timber, which he says, ' ' of late years has been greatly pillaged of the best tim- 
 ber." He adds, however, "by people more or less remote from the lands. " 
 
 ♦■'This is the tract Gen. Armstrong informs us which he had at first surveyed and appropriated to him- 
 self, and afterward gave up to the proprietors." 
 
GUILFOBD TOWNSHIP. 575 
 
 The soil there is gravelly and stony, abounding with deep ponds of water, 
 the creek not affording much water — not much meadow land. 
 
 The tracts were divided into twenty-one subdivisions: No. 1, occupied by 
 John Baker; 2, 3, and 4, John Landis; 5, Jarvis Moss; 6, Alexander MeKee- 
 ver; 7, Jacob Eamsey; 8, Thomas Thelman; 9, Michael Morehead; 10, Conrad 
 Wolfkill; 11, Capt. Edward Crawford; 12 (unoccupied); 13, Henry Bone- 
 brake; 14, Michael Summers; 15, Sol. Horner; 16, Peter Bonebrake; 17, Adam 
 Boss; 18, Casper Cease; 19, Henry McPherreu; 20, Lodowich Burkhammer; 
 21 (unoccupied). These surveys were made by Surveyor Mathew Henderson 
 between 1790 and 1794. 
 
 The reader is referred to the history of Chambersburg for a full account of 
 many of the early settlers in this township, as well as for sketches of many of 
 its prominent men. 
 
 The Scotch -Irish, led by the Chamberses, were the first to come to this town- 
 ship — 1730. The German settlers came between 1736 and 1745, then there 
 was a falling off in their numbers, but in 1749 the rush of Germans was very 
 great. 
 
 CHUBCHES. 
 
 Churches at Grindstone Hill. — Two of the oldest churches in the country 
 districts of Franklin County, the members of which were of German extrac-' 
 tion,are the two worshiping at Grindstone Hill in this township, viz. : the Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran and the Reformed. The history of each is here given. 
 
 Evangelical Lutheran. According to the Rev. D. H. Focht, whose ad- 
 mirable historic discourse, delivered December 25, 1854, is our principal seource 
 of information, "The German Settlement," in the midst of which this congre- 
 gation is located, was made as early as 1736. For a time the settlement in- 
 creased slowly, but the influx in 1760 was very great. The first Lutheran 
 family in the neighborhood was that of Matthias George, who located in 1742. 
 He was followed by the Smiths and Kellers in 1750; Jacob Heck and Daniel 
 Purman (Poorman) about 1757; Matthias Gift, Daniel Lob, Herzog, Andrew 
 Cover, Andrew Keyser and others about 1760. The Tritles, Benedicts, Ober- 
 kershes, Reichards, Giesemans, Essicks, Stengers, Fetterhaffers and Loch- 
 baums came later, but before the close of the century. 
 
 The Lutherans and Reformed united to erect a house of worship. A site 
 of fifty-one acres and 144 perches was reserved for the churches. Peter Bein- 
 breck, whose warrant dated July 1, 1772, held the land for the congregations 
 until October 27, 1798, when for the sum of £7 (his expenses) he made a deed 
 to six trustees. In 1815, some thirty- three acres were sold, leaving about 
 eighteen acres yet in the possession of the churches. The first edifice, known 
 as the "old log church" was built in 1766, and served as a place of worship 
 until 1833. Its history, fully written, would reveal a chapter of thrilling in- 
 terest. The old name, which still clings, "Grindstone Hill Church," was 
 given in consequence of the stone quarried in that region, and has outlived the 
 consecrated title "Solomon's Evangelical Lutheran and German Reformed 
 Church." The logs for this house were brought four miles, timber then being 
 scarce in the vicinity. A contest arose as to who should bring the first one. 
 John George Cook and Daniel Lob were the champions. Jacob Keller and 
 Daniel Purman represented the Lutherans on the building committee. Its 
 structure was of the ancient style, but it served a wise purpose to those early 
 people. During preaching, guns were stored in a corner while shot-pouches 
 were hung on pins along the wall. The people watched as well as prayed. 
 
 The second edifice, of brick, in the form of a parallelogram, 40x50 feet, was 
 dedicated November 24, 1833. '."he attendance was so large that but half the 
 
576 HISTOIiY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 people could find room within. The dedioatory services were conducted by 
 the two churches conjointly. Kev. John N. Hoffman was the pastor of the 
 Lutheraus at the time. 
 
 The earliest complete list of members accessible is that of 1801, as follows : 
 Daniel Purman, George Fetterhaffer, John Gieseman and wife, Peter Purman, 
 Andrew Keyser and wife, George Gift and wife, Jacob Essick, Adam George 
 and wife, Magdalene George, John Essick, Henry Linck, Barnhard Purman, 
 Peter Purman, Jr. , Jacob Purman, David Keller, Barnard Keichard, Matthias 
 Gift, Baltzer Oberkersh and wife, Barbara Purman, Elizabeth George, Chris- 
 tina Stenger, Fronica Meily, Catherine Gift; Barbara Fetterhafifer, Isabella 
 Smith, Eve Smith, Catherine Lochbaum, Elizabeth Griel, Peter Smith, Chris- 
 topher George and wife. 
 
 Pastors of the church have been: Kevs. John Baver, 1765-70; John 
 George Young, 1772-83; John Michael Steck, 1784-88; Anthony U. Liidgen, 
 1789-94; John Ruthrauff, 1795-1815; John Fred. Moeller, 1816-29; Benj. 
 Kurtz, D. D., 1831-33; John N. Hoffman, 1833-35; Jeremiah Harpel, 1835- 
 37; Jacob Martin, 1839-40; Peter Sahm, 1840-45; Michael Eyster, 1846-47; 
 Levi T. Williams, 1847-49; A. C. Wedekind, 1849-50; David H. Focht, 
 1850-54; Geo. Sill, 1855-59; S. McHenry, 1859-65; J. R. Miller, 1866-69; 
 A. C. Felker, 1869-71: A. H. Sherts, 1872-86. A Sunday-school was organ- 
 ized May 5, 1833, with ten teachers and forty-six pupils. Its early superin- 
 tendents were Jeremiah Herman, 1833; Daniel Hepper, 1842-43; Jacob C. 
 Snyder, 1844-45; Adam Cook, 1845-46.; William Essick, 1846-48; Jacob 
 C. Snyder, 1848-50; John Reed, 1850-51; Jacob Snyder, 1852-54. 
 
 Reformed Church. — Its history is contemporaneous with that of its sister 
 church just described. Its first, name, Solomon's Church, gave way to its 
 present one, Grindstone Hill Church, by which it is recognized on the records. 
 Rev. Wm. M. Deatrick, clerk of the Mercersburg Classis of the Reformed 
 Church, gives the following list of its pastors: Revs. Jacob Weymer, 1785- 
 90; J. Philip Stock, 1791-1802 or 03; James Hoffman, 1807-23; Frederick A. 
 SchoU, 1823-34; Benj.- S. Schneck, 1836-41; John C. Guldin, 1841^2; 
 Emanuel V. Gerhart, 1842-43; John R. Kooken, 1843^5; Franklin W. Kr'e- 
 mer, 1845-51; John 0. Bucher, 1851-52; John S. Ermentrout, 1852—; Sam- 
 uel Miller. 1854-56; W. D. C. Rodrock, 1856-59; Aaron Wanner, 1859; 
 David Hefelfinger, 1859-60; Wm. R. H. Deatrick, 1860-64; Elijah B. Wil- 
 son, 1865-66; Chas. G. Fisher, 1866-68; Moses Kiefler, D. D., 1870-71; 
 Samuel L. Beam, 1871-72; Henry I. Comfort, 1872-80; Wm. H. Herbert, 
 1880-85; P. A. Long, 1885, and is present incumbent. This is one of the old- 
 est Reformed congregations in Franklin County. At first it was a part of the 
 Hagerstown charge, then of the Shippensburg, Chambersburg and Greencastle, 
 respectively. Since 1836, it has belonged to the Grindstone Hill charge, the 
 congregation giving name to the charge. About 1788, it was under the care 
 of a preacher by the name of Cyriacus Spangenber, who proved to be a bad 
 man, guilty of a foul crime which resulted in his summary punishment. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 J<wkson Hau is about five miles southeast of Chambersburg and a mile 
 
 ,0^ New Franklin. Jacob Snyder erected the first Jjuilding in the place in 
 
 I. u7^^^.^\ ^*°''® "^^^ conducted by John Kerr, 1827-28. It was named 
 
 after Old Hickory" and in the early days it was noted as the mustering- 
 
 place of the militia. ^ 
 
 Marion^A beautiful station on the road from Chambersburg to Green- 
 castle. The first building here was put up in 1810. For some years it was 
 
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 577 
 
 called "Independence, " but when a postoffice was established the name was 
 changed, and called in honor of Gen. Marion. The first store was owned by 
 Maj. Cook, in 1822. The United Brethren have a church in the place. Popu- 
 lation 125. . When the Cumberland Valley Eailroad was completed, a station, 
 called "Marion Station", was built about half a mile east of Marion. This is 
 quite a flourishing place. 
 
 New Franklin is about four miles southeast of Chambersburg. There are 
 19 dwellings in it, and it has a population of 80. A postoffice was opened in 
 1883. The place was started by Balthazar Kountz, in 1795, who built the first 
 house; the next house was erected by John Himes, Sr., in 1827. 
 
 New Guilford, better known as ' ' Turkey Foot, ' ' is three miles east of 
 New Franklin on the Walnut Bottom road. Population, 50. 
 
 Stoufferstoivn is one mile east of Chambersburg on the turnpike. The first 
 house was built by Patrick Vance, in 1773. In 1792, Daniel StoufEer built 
 here the widely known " Stouffer's Mill, " and through his influence the place 
 became a village. Population about 190. 
 
 HAMILTON— 1752. 
 
 This township was named in honor of James Hamilton, governor of the 
 province at intervals, 1748-71. It originally embraced nearly all of that part 
 of St. , Thomas Township lying east of Campbell' s Eun. Its first settlers 
 were largely Scotch-Irish. 
 
 EABLIEST LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 The earliest land entries are as follows: Col. John Armstrong, January 
 17, 1737. Neighbors: Eobert Patton, James Brotherton. 
 
 Joseph Eaton, March 80, 1750. Neighbors: Joseph Armstrong, James War- 
 den, Mathew Patton. 
 
 David Guthrie (in right of Geo. Eeynolds), March 25, 1748. Neighbors: 
 David Brigham, Isaac Pattison, Thomas Barnett, Joseph Swan, John Irwin. 
 
 David Black, October 4, 1738. Neighbors: Adam Hoops, Benj. Gass, 
 James Young, Thomas Morehead. 
 
 Samuel Morehead, August 25, 1738. Neighbor: Thomas Patterson. 
 
 William Plumstead, December 25, 1750. Neighbors: John Barnett, Geo. 
 Shields, Widow McCamey, Francis McGinniss. 
 
 Samuel Pollock, September 22, 1743. Neighbors: Cy. Eaton, William 
 McCord, John Lowry. A further description says: " Bounded on two sides 
 by mountain and Dutchman' s land. ' ' 
 
 Mathew Patton, January 11, 1737. Neighbors: Samuel Jones, Nathaniel 
 Newlins. 
 
 James Arthur (in right of Matthew Arthur), October 15, 1744. Neigh- 
 bors; James Allen, Duncan Cameron. 
 
 Arthur Nasmuth and John and William Stephenson, September 26, 1749. 
 Neighbor: Eichard Benson. 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 Josiah Allen. Jas. Brotherton. Wm. Barnet. Benj. Chambers. 
 
 Thos. Anderson. Oliver Brown. David Barnet. Wm. Chai^bers. 
 
 Wm. Archabald. Orban Bates. Joseph Barnet. Jos. Chambers. 
 
 Thos. Armstrong. Wm. Bolton. James Brown. Arch d Carson. 
 
 Joseph Armstrong. John Brown. Thos. Barren. John Chesnut. 
 
 Robert Anderson. John Buzzard, John Breaker. Benj. Corathers. 
 
 Lodwick Beats. John Brat ton. Chas. Barr. James Campble. 
 
 Wm. Brotherton. Thos. Barn«i(hfcir8). Richard Benson. Patrick CampDie. 
 
578 
 
 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Robert Cowan. 
 ThoB. Copeland. 
 John Crevin. 
 George Carver. 
 John Custard. 
 Martin Criter. 
 Robert Cook. 
 Joseph Caskey. 
 John Campble. 
 James Chambers. 
 Robert Dixon. 
 Wm. Dixon (heirs). 
 Thomas Dougherty. 
 John Dixon. 
 "Wm. Dixon. 
 John Daniel. 
 John Deeds. 
 John Eaton Jr. 
 John Eaton (heirs). 
 Joseph Eaton Sr. 
 Joseph Eatton. 
 Dana Eckels. 
 Adam Evert. 
 Francis Ervin. 
 Wm. Earr;sr. 
 James Elliott (heirs). 
 William Fergeson. 
 John Frush. 
 Henry Foster. 
 James Forgison. 
 Sam'l Fergison. 
 Mathew Fergison. 
 Jacob Frush. 
 Dan'l Fleming. 
 Abram Fastpointer. 
 Robert Gray. 
 Gilbert Graham. 
 Francis Gardner. 
 Joseph Grahams. 
 Mark Gregory. 
 
 Felix Hart. 
 Nathan Hiland. 
 James Huston. 
 John Hamilton. 
 John Hacket. 
 John Hindman. 
 James Hindman. 
 Alex. Hill. 
 James Henry. 
 Adam HUl. 
 Jacob Holdman. 
 Ebenezer Henry. 
 Robert Hoops. 
 Andrew Holms. 
 John Huchison. 
 Patrick Jack. 
 ISamuel Jack. 
 John Jack. 
 John Jefery. 
 William Kelly. 
 James Kerr. 
 Thomas Knox. 
 Joseph Eirkpatrick. 
 Wm. Kinnaird. 
 Thomas Einkaid. 
 John Kerr. 
 John Kincaid. 
 Adam Kasner. 
 William Kirby. 
 Sam'l Ligget. 
 Robt. Leper. 
 Hugh Leary, Sr. 
 Hugh Leary, Jr. 
 Charles Lucans. 
 John McQowan. 
 Arch'd McCocharan. 
 James McFarlin. 
 William Moorehead. 
 Josepii Moorehead. 
 Thomas Moorehead. 
 
 Sam'l McCutcheon. 
 Chas. McCormick. 
 Alex. McCoy. 
 David McClintock. 
 Anthony McNutt. 
 Christ Miller. 
 Alex. Mairs. 
 William McBrayer. 
 .David McBrayer. 
 James Moore. 
 Samuel Moore. 
 Andrew Marshel. 
 Alex. McConnal. 
 Wm. TVIcConnal. 
 John McLean. 
 William McCune. 
 Mathew McDowell. 
 John W. Moore. 
 Wm. McClelon. 
 Joseph McMurray. 
 Joseph McKeyney. 
 Geo. Mathews. 
 John Meek. 
 James Morton. 
 Wm. Marrow. 
 John Moore. 
 Donald McLean. 
 Wm. McClure. 
 James Mitchell. 
 Joseph McClelon. 
 Geo. McElroy. 
 Alex. McCutchan. 
 John McNutt. 
 Robert Peoples. 
 Robt. Patton. 
 Samuel Patton. 
 Henry Phillips. 
 James Patterson. 
 James Paxton. 
 William Richardson. 
 
 William Rannels. 
 Benj. Ramsey. 
 Thomas Ramsey. 
 David Russel. 
 James Russel. 
 James Rea. 
 Francis Robinson. 
 Thomas Sherley. 
 William Stuart. 
 David Sheilds. 
 Wm. Swan. 
 Joseph Swan. 
 Robert Sloan. 
 Leonard Stands. 
 Robert Sherley. 
 William Stewart. 
 Edward Shippey. 
 Robert Scott. 
 James Thorn. 
 William Templeton. 
 Joseph Thorn. 
 Wm. Thompson. 
 George Thompson. 
 William Thompson. 
 Samuel Thompson. 
 John Thompson. 
 John Tayler. 
 Robert 'Thompson. 
 Thomas Tennent. 
 Jeremiah Talbott. 
 James Warder. 
 William Withey. 
 John Willson. 
 Elliott Williamson. 
 Thomas Willson. 
 John W ikison. 
 WiUiam Withoraw. 
 Michael Willans. 
 Andrew Walker. 
 Conrad Yearman. 
 
 Philip Ashford. 
 David Barnet. 
 Joseph Barnet. 
 Conrad Beats. 
 Peter Brakes. 
 Henry Buzzard. 
 Thomas Chestnut. 
 William Coplan. 
 James Dougherty. 
 John Edwards. 
 
 FREEMEN. 
 
 James Glen. 
 William Hustan. 
 Alex. Hill. 
 Fergus Hill. 
 
 Graman. 
 
 Benj. Jeffries. 
 John Liget. 
 Wm. Morehead. 
 Daniel McClintoek. 
 James McKimm. 
 
 David Moore. 
 Hugh Murriaritie. 
 John Meek. 
 David McRoberts. 
 Francis McMinnon. 
 Rees McThompson. 
 Henry Omble. 
 John Phillips. 
 Henry Phillips. 
 Hector Peoples. 
 
 Andrew Paxton. 
 John Querin. 
 John Ramsey. 
 Benj. Ramsey. 
 ■Joseph Russell. 
 Wm. Seekets. 
 John Thompson. 
 Robert Vertue. 
 John Walkison. 
 
 VILLAGE. 
 
 Cashtown is on the State road leading from Chambersburg, to Mercers- 
 burg. It is a small trading point for the immediately surrounding country. 
 
 FANNETT— 1761. 
 ' The greater part of this township lies in what is known as Path Valley, in 
 olden times called " Tuscarora Path." Originally the township included 
 what 18 now Metal Township. Here, as in other parts of the county, came 
 settlers prior to the time of the extinguishment of the Indian title to the 
 land. 'The three valleys— Path, Amberson's and Horse by their beauty 
 and fertility attracted immigrants who, with the consent of the Indians, with 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 57^ 
 
 whom they maintained the most friendly relations for some time, located and 
 commenced their great life work. But in a short time, so strong was the stream 
 of immigration, the Indians became alarmed for their possessions, and in 1744 
 they notified the colonial authorities that they objected to have their lands taken 
 by the whites, especially where they were acting in violation of express stipu-, 
 lationa formerly entered into. The Government called upon the authorities— 
 the magistrates of Cumberland County — to expel the intruders. In May, 
 1750, Eichard Peters, secretary of the governor, attended by Benjamin Cham- 
 bers, William Maxwell, William Allison, John Findlay, and other magis- 
 trates, went over to Path Valley, where they found the settlers, Abraham 
 Slack, James Blair, Moses Moore, Arthur Dunlop, Alex. McCartie, David 
 Lewis, Adam McCartie, Felix Doyle, Eeynold Alexander, Samuel Patterson, 
 John Armstrong, John Potts, Andrew Dunlop, Eobert Wilson, Jacob Pyatt, 
 Wm. Ramage and others, and brought them before the magistrate's court, tried 
 and convicted each, and put them under bonds to remove at once with their fam- 
 ilies out of the valley, "taking servants and effects " and to appear in Carlisle 
 and answer such charges as might be made against them. Their houses and 
 other improvements were burned, by order of the court. When the land was 
 purchased of the Indians, October 23, 1758, some of these settlers returned 
 and became permanent residents of the valley. 
 
 The township was named after a place in County Donegal, Ireland, a 
 promonotory called ' ' *Fannett Point. ' ' This name was suggested by the shape 
 of the new township, a long, narrow point. 
 
 Eichard and John Coulter purchased a large body of land in the upper end 
 of the township in 1756, and Francis Amberson made an improvement in Am- 
 berson's Valley in 1763. Then came Barnabas Clark, from whom "Clark's 
 Knob" receives its name, and John Ward and Cromwell McVitty. These 
 were the early and most prominent settlers of the valley. 
 
 EARLY LAND ENTEIES. 
 
 In the early land entries we find the following names and dates: 
 
 Samuel Bechtel, January 24, 1737. (No neighbors.) 
 
 John Blair, June 3, 1762. Neighbors: Thomas Steel and E. Alexander. 
 
 Charles Baxter, April 29, 1763. ' Neighbors: Phil Hutchison, Alexander 
 McCormick, John Elder. 
 
 Alexander Blair, June 5, 1762. Neighbors: Wm. Elder, William Wallace, 
 Eobert Anderson. 
 
 Thomas Blair, June 3, 1762. Neighbors: Thomas Askey, John Mc- 
 Michaels, Eandall Alexander, William Eamage, David^ Campbell. 
 
 John Coulter, December 30, 1762. Neighbors: Eichard Coulter, James 
 How, James Eoss. 
 
 Thomas Doyle, November 29, 1737. (Vacant on all sides.) 
 
 Felix Doyle, June 14,1762. Neighbors: John Elder, David Elder, Jr., 
 John Parker, James Elder, Eobert Little. 
 
 William Elliott, June 17, 1763. Neighbors: James Gibson, Samuel Coul- 
 ter, John Elliott, Benjamin Elliott. (This land is between Eound Top Moun- 
 tain and Tuscarora Creek. ) 
 
 David Elder, April 16, 1763. Neighbors: James Irvin, Eobert Baker, 
 Samuel Gamble, James Moore. 
 
 John Elder, March 13, 1767. Neighbors: Samuel Moore, James Urich, 
 Felix Doyle. 
 
 James Elder, April 16, 1763. Neighbors: Felix Doyle, Samuel Baker, 
 Hugh Harron, Eobert Little. 
 
 •The best authorities, however, give the spelling as " Fanod Head." 
 
580 
 
 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 James Long aad James Galbraith, June 8, 1762. Neighbors: William 
 Campbell, David Elder, Samuel and Mathew Coulter, John HoUiday. 
 
 William McClellan, June 3, 1762. Neighbors: Wm. Ramage, Eandall 
 Alexander, H. J. Moore, David Campbell. 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 The taxables in Fannett Township (including what is now Metal Township), 
 in 1786, were as follows: 
 
 Joshua Anderson. 
 Robert Anderson. 
 Randle Alexander. 
 James Ardrey. 
 Daniel Armstrong. 
 Thomas Armstrong. 
 Robert Alexander. 
 Noah Abraham. 
 Joseph Adams. 
 James Alexander. 
 Robert Armstrong. 
 Patrick Alexander. 
 Thos. Blair. 
 Nath'l Bryans. 
 James Bryans. 
 George Buckhannon. 
 Allen Brown. 
 Widow Baxter. 
 John Bell. 
 Thos. Barr. 
 Samuel Baker. 
 W. Chambers & Bros. 
 Sam'l Coulter. 
 John Campbell. 
 J. Campbell. 
 Wm. Campbell. 
 David Campble. 
 John M. Campble. 
 Andrew Campble. 
 George Climer. 
 Wm. Carley., 
 Jacob Chambers. 
 
 — Callender. 
 
 Patrick Davison. 
 Daniel Duncan. 
 Barnabas Doyle. 
 George Delong. 
 Felix Doyle. 
 Andrew Duglas. 
 George Dixon. 
 Edw'd Dougherty. 
 John Elliott (heirs). 
 John Elder, Jr. 
 Robert Elder. 
 
 David Elder, Sr. 
 Robert Elder. 
 David Elder, Jr. 
 Wm. Elder. 
 James Elder. 
 Sam'l Elder. 
 Wm. Elliott. 
 Robert Elliott. 
 Frances Elliott. 
 Arch'd Elliott. 
 James Ervine. 
 George Baley. 
 James Fingerly. 
 James Fairman. 
 Alex. Fulton. 
 James Fegan. 
 Sam'l French. 
 Wm. Qwyn. 
 Isaac GiSord. 
 James Gibson. 
 John Gray. 
 Samuel Gamble. 
 Wm. Gibbs. 
 John Holiday. 
 Matthew Henderson 
 Henry Humbrey. 
 Henderson Hervey. 
 Andrew Hemphill. 
 Thos. Hamilton. 
 Jas. Hervey. 
 James Howe. 
 Hen'yHawkenberryJr. 
 James Hawkenberry. 
 Philip Hutchison. 
 Peter Hawkenberry. 
 Wm. Hunter. 
 Alex. Hopper. 
 James Harvey. 
 John Harmony. 
 H. Hawkenberry, Sr. 
 Henry Hagan. 
 Gasper Hawkenberry, 
 James Hunter. 
 James Johnston. 
 
 Thos. Johnston. 
 Sam'l Ireland. 
 John Jones. 
 John Kenedy. 
 Wm. Kelly. 
 Edward Kelly. 
 John Keasey. 
 Joseph Kilgore. 
 Robt. Kerr. 
 Wm. Lauther, Jr. 
 James Lauther. 
 Robert Little. 
 David Long. 
 Sam'l Lattimore. 
 Patrick McCormick 
 Joseph Moore. 
 James Moore, Jr. 
 Robt. McGwire. 
 Wm. Mclntyre. 
 Rich'd Morrow. 
 Sam'l Mairs. 
 Wm. Moore. 
 Andrew Millar. 
 Robt. McCormick. 
 John McClure. 
 Dan'l McMullan. 
 Wm. McCibbens. 
 Enos McMullan. 
 James Moore, Sr. 
 Nathaniel McCall. 
 Sam'l McCall. 
 Robt. McConnell. 
 John Mackey. 
 Widow Mackey. 
 John McClellai. 
 James McClalchey. 
 James McConnaughey, 
 David McConnaughey, 
 Robert McClatchej'. 
 JohnMeCrea. 
 Cromwell McCavity. 
 Wm. McCain. 
 Patrick McGee. 
 Randle McDonnald. 
 
 Hugh McCurday. 
 Wm. McClellon, Sr. 
 Wm. McClellon, Jr. 
 John Mullan. 
 John McClane. 
 John Noble, Sr. 
 John NoWe, Jr. 
 Joseph Noble. 
 Charles Newcom. 
 David Neal. 
 James Nealy. 
 John Nilson. 
 Richard Neagle. 
 Nathaniel Paul. 
 John Pacho. 
 Alex. Potts. 
 Adam Piper. 
 Charles Querry. 
 James Rea. 
 Lodwlck Ripple. 
 Dennis Reddin. 
 Joseph Shearer. 
 Barnet Shutler. 
 Elijah Sackett. 
 Thos. Shields. 
 Robert Sample. 
 Joseph Sackett. 
 John Steel. 
 Benj. Say. 
 Wm. Taylor. 
 John Simmons. 
 Thos. Simmons. 
 Henry Varner. 
 David Wakefield.i 
 Benj. Walker. 
 Wm. Witherow. 
 .Sam'l Walker. 
 James Walker. 
 John Ward. 
 William Warnock. 
 James Widney. 
 
 FREEMEN. 
 
 James Alexander. 
 John Buckhannon. 
 George Chambers. 
 Sam'l Campble. 
 John Duglas. 
 John Davison. 
 Wm. Darlington. 
 Adam Ernholt. 
 John Elder. 
 
 Gabriel Glenn. 
 Wm. Gallaher. 
 Jas. Hervey, Jr. 
 Wm.. Hambleton. 
 Wm. Ireland. 
 Jeremiah Kilgore. 
 Robert Little. 
 Alex. Long. 
 John McConnaughey. 
 
 John Mullan. 
 James Mairs. 
 Hugh MoClure. 
 James McCurday. 
 James Moore. 
 James O'Nail. 
 Wm. Paul. 
 John Potts. 
 Alex. Potts. 
 
 James Randies. 
 Hugh Steel. 
 Adam Scott. 
 John Witherow. 
 James Wallace. 
 William Ward. 
 Joseph Weaver. 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 5^1 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Concord, situated in the upper end of Fannett Township, was laid out by 
 James Widney, and lots ofFered for sale about 1791. It took its name from 
 Concord, Mass. , the scene of the first engagement in the Eevolutionary war. 
 The first settlers in the region were the Widneys, the Erwins, the Kyles, Mc- 
 Mullins, Linns, Mcllhenies, Doyles, Hockenberrys and others. The village has 
 a public school, and three chui'ches : Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Protest- 
 ant and United Presbyterian, and the usual line of business. Population, 150. 
 
 Episcopal Methodism was introduced into Path Valley, in or about the 
 year 1790, by James Widney, a native of the County Armagh, Ireland, who 
 immigrated to the United States soon after the close of the Revolutionary 
 war, and settled in the northern pai-t of Path Valley, at what is now known as 
 Concord. Mr. Widney' s father was educated in the mother country for the 
 ministry of the Established Church, but refused to take orders, and his 
 son James espoused the cause of the Methodists in the mother country, and 
 threw his lot in with and identified himself with the Wesleyan Methodists. 
 On arriving at their new home in the Western wilds of the New World, they 
 were very destitute of the Word of God. This state of affairs reached the 
 ears of Bishop Asbury of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he started out 
 to hunt up the few families of Methodists living in the upper end of Path 
 Valley. This was the first Methodist preaching ever held in this part of the 
 country. After this they were, at great intervals, visited by Eevs. Jonathan 
 Forest and Nelson Head. In the year 1800 Mr. Widney persuaded Rev. 
 Alexander McCaine to make an appointment at Concord for preaching, and, 
 this being done and filled, after the sermon McCaine read the general rules of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, and at the same time gave a brief account of 
 its ecclesiastical polity and its distinguishing features. At this meeting the 
 formation of a society was proposed, and eleven persons present united to- 
 gether as a society, a^d Widney was appointed as their leader. This was, at 
 that time, on Huntingdon Circuit, which embraced considerable portions of 
 Huntingdon, Franklin, Fulton, Perry and Cumberland Counties. 
 
 The first Methodist Church was built on the land of Mr. Widney, in what 
 is now the Methodist cemetery, lying south of Concord, on the road to Doyles- 
 burg. The present edifice in the town of Concord was erected on the land of 
 ilobert Maclay, and was built in the year 1845. The parsonage was built in 
 1850, Mr. Maclay giving the land and $100 toward the erection of the church 
 and parsonage. In the days of the Maclays, Concord Circuit took in in its 
 bounds what is now known as Newport, New Bloom field, Blain, Thompson- 
 town, Port Royal, Mifflin,- Lewistown, Shirleysburg, Orbisonia, Burnt Cabins 
 and Fort Littleton Circuits. The salary at that time was only a few hundred 
 dollars, and now the salaries of the ministers serving the various charges 
 that are the outgrowth of the then Concord charge amount, in round figure^, 
 to 18,000. The most prominent missionary in the Methodist Church to-day. 
 Rev. Robert Samuel Maclay, D. D., for forty years missionary to China, 
 Japan and Corea, was born in the town of Concord, opposite the parsonage, , 
 licensed to preach and sent out to preach by the Concord Quarterly Confer- 
 ence. There were two other Maclay brothers that were sent out, to preach, by 
 the charge, viz. : William James Maclay, who went as missionary to Califor- 
 nia, and Charles Maclay, also of California, who perpetuated his - name by 
 the generous gift of 1150,000 and land for the erection and endowment of a 
 college. 
 
 The following is a correct list of the ministers serving the charge from the 
 year 1819, there being no trace oi the appointment of ministers for the period 
 
5g2 HISTOBX OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 previous to the year 1819: Gideon Lansing and Jacob Larkin, Bazil Barry 
 and Eobert Cadden, Robert Cadden and William C. Pool, Thomas McGee and 
 Nathan B. Mills and Jacob Sheperd, Thomas McGee and John Bowen, Robert ' 
 Minshall and John A. Gere, Jacob Sheperd and William C. Pool, Jacob 
 Sheperd and Jonathan Munroe, John Smith and Oliver Ege, John Smith and 
 Jonathan Forest, Jonathan Munroe and Henry Tarring, Edward E. Allen and 
 Alem Britton, Thomas Taneyhill and Zacharia Jordan, Jacob McEnally and J. 
 Houswort, Wesley Hovre and Henry Ferndon and John Hedges, Jesse Stans- 
 berry and Joseph S. Morris, George Berkstresser and Joseph McKeehan, 
 Joseph S. Lee and Franklin Dyson, David ShofE and Joseph Parker, John M. 
 Green, James Brads and John Morehead, Elisha Butler and John N. Ewing, 
 A. D. Barlow, George Deems and David Wolf and D. W. F. Crawford, 
 George Stevenson and Alexander Maclay, Joseph Spangler and John H. C. 
 Dosh and David Shoaff, Robert Beers and Jacob Hartman and Joseph J. Lar- 
 gant, Cambridge Graham and John P. Sipes and Matthias Dean, Amos Smith 
 and William H. Keith and Job A. Price, Nathan S. Buckingham and Abraham 
 S. Creighton and Jeremiah C. Hagey, Frederick E. Crever and WiUiam G. 
 Ferguson and James T. Wilson, Reuben E.Kelley and John W. Cleaver, James 
 M. Clarke and William H. Maxwell and Alexander R. Miller, Joseph R. King 
 and Walter R. Whitney, Andrew E. Taylor and William Schreiber and Levi 
 G. Heck, Seth A. Creveling and William W. Dunmire, George A. Singer and 
 William H. Bowden, Joseph A. Ross and Oliver H. Huston, Edmund White 
 and John H. S. Clarke, Andrew W. Decker and James Eberhart and Samuel 
 Ham, Charles T. Dunning and John W. Cline, Levi S. Crone and Samuel E. 
 Meminger. The present pastors of the charge are John L. Leilich aud 
 Fletcher W. Biddle. 
 
 United Presbyterian Church. — Just when this congregation had its origin 
 is not shown by the records accessible. In his history of Big Spring Presby- 
 tery, Rev J. B. Scouler speaks of Hev. Matthew Lind being installed pastor of 
 the united congregations of Greencastle, Chambersburg, West Conococheague 
 and the Great Cove in 1783. How much territory was embraced in West 
 Conococheague is not revealed, but probably a large extent. Subsequent to 
 that date traces of preaching occur. On the 26th of December, 1828, Rev. 
 Alexander McCahan was installed pastor of Chambersburg and Concord, giv- 
 ing one-third of his time to the latter congregation. In this relation he con- 
 tinued till October 6, 1830, when he resigned and removed to another field. 
 On the third of August, 1837, Rev. Eobert Gracey was installed over the same 
 two congregations, but on the 18th of October, 1843, he was released from the 
 Concord church, and took charge of a congregation in Gettysburg for half of 
 his time till October, 1849, when he relinquished Gettysburg and continued to 
 give three-fourths of his time to Chambersburg and one- fourth to Concord till 
 October, 1852. At this time he removed to Pittsburgh. Following this date 
 Rev. Dargo B. Jones supplied the congregation for a time, his labors ceasing 
 April 11, 1860. On the 10th of September, 1861, Rev. Joseph McKee began 
 to give it one-fourth of his time, which oversight continued till the spring of 
 1864, when he ceased. On the 20th of April, 1865, Rev. John A. McGill was 
 installed pas.tor, and his labors have been signally blessed. 
 
 Spring Run, six miles north of Fannettsburg, on the principal road along 
 Path Valley, is a sprightly little village. It does a fair mercantile business, 
 and has two churches— Presbyterian and United Brethren. The Presbyterian 
 Church was organized in 1767. 
 
 Dry Run.~The earliest settlers in and about this place were James Stark, 
 James Ferguson, Thomas Wilson, Daniel Johnson, Davison Filson. 
 
LETTEKKENNY TOWNSHIP. 583 
 
 The village was founded by Stephen Skinner in 1838. In 1833 James 
 HoUiday put up the first house, and in 1886 James Stark built the second. It 
 was named at first ' 'Mon-owstown, " but finally called by its present name. The 
 United Presbjrterian Church was organized in 1810, James Brown, pastor; 
 charter members: James Wilson, David Ferguson, James Little, William 
 Eobertson; a stone building erected in 1822. Pastors: Macohon, Gracy, Mc- 
 Kee, Jones, Magill, and Kev. Work, present incumbent. The present elders 
 are W. H. Eobinson, Wm. Harris, Samuel Johns; fifty-five members. 
 
 Upper Presbyterian Church. — For the early history of 'this organization, 
 the reader is referred to the account given under Fannettsburg, of the lower 
 congregation. In that connection the statement is made that a permanent 
 separation of the two organizations was made in 1851. The following is a list 
 of some of the elders who have served this congregation since 1808: James and 
 William Alexander, John Elder, John Holliday, Andrew Morrow, David Rid- 
 dle, Stephen Skinner, James McCurdy, Jr., James McDougal, John Alexan- 
 der, James Stark, Jacob Shearer, Peter Shearer, John W. Still, William A. 
 Mackey, William Herron, James McCurdy and others. The earliest elders 
 whose names have been learned were John Holliday, James Ardery, David 
 Elder, Samuel Mains and Richard Morrow. For a number of years, this con- 
 gregation was ably served by Rev. Wm. A. West, now secretary of the presby- 
 tery at Harrisburg. He was succeeded by Rev. S. C. Alexander, an educator 
 and preacher of great acceptance, who resigned his charge about the close of 
 1886 or early part of 1887 to accept a pastorate in an adjoining county. 
 
 Dry Run Academy. — The building, which was erected in 1874 at a cost 
 of $3, 000, is frame, of ample size, and well arranged for school purposes. It 
 is owned and controlled by men of different denominations, and is therefore 
 nonsectarian. This enterprise is principally due to Rev. S. C. Alexander, 
 Dr. J. H. Flickinger, Samuel Holliday, David J. Skinner, W. G. Kirkpatrick 
 and John Alexander. The school was opened in April, 1875, by Rev. 
 S. C. Alexander, who continued to teach until June, 1876, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Prof. A. A. Richards, the present principal. 
 
 DoyleMown was laid out by Philip T. Doyle in 1851. It is at the mouth 
 of Burns' Valley on the road from Concord to Dry Run. A large tannery is 
 successfully operated in the place. There are two churches, Catholic and 
 Methodist Protestant. 
 
 LETTERKENNY— 1762. 
 
 This township was carved out of the territory of Lurgan, and it is not 
 certain whether it was in the year 1761 or 1762. The probabilities are, it was 
 formed by the quarter sessions court in the latter part of 1761, as at the March 
 term of the next year it is mentioned in the court proceedings. 
 
 It is nearly in the center of the county, its western boundary line follow- 
 ing two ridges of Kittatinny Mountain, including Horse Valley; its northern 
 boundary is the southern line of Lurgan Township, and a part of the southern 
 line of Southampton; east is Greene, and south are Hamilton and St. Thomas 
 Townships. 
 
 EABLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The Indian titles here were not extinguished until 1736, and while it is 
 said a few settlers had located within its bounds, yet we have no records of any 
 of them, of course, that go beyond that time. County Surveyor John B. 
 Kaufman, a resident of the township, says: "Several surveys were made and 
 warrants issued in 1736, 1744 aid 1746, but they were not very numerous 
 
 31 
 
584 HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 until 1750, though we find abundant evidences, prior to this latter date, that 
 settlements had been made years before. When the French and Indian war 
 became serious in 1755, and the settlers were burnt out, or massacred, and 
 could not remain in safety, many of them abandoned their improvements and 
 removed eastward into the older settlements. Immigration was checked, and 
 almost totally ceased until about the year 1760 or 1762. Then there was a 
 large influx of settlers, and by the time the Revolution broke out, the farming 
 lands, both in this valley and in Horse Valley, were largely taken up. I can- 
 not find either warrants or surveys in Letterkenny Township prior to 1762. 
 
 ' ' From this date / the office rights multiply rapidly, especially after the 
 cheaper rates of £5 sterling per hundred acres were inaugurated under the 
 application system. This system went into effect in 1766. All that was neces- 
 sary, as long as this law was in force, was for the settler to make application 
 to the land office for so many acres, bounded by certain lands. An order of 
 survey was then issued, and the applicant, for a small fee for his application 
 and order of survey, could take up a tract not exceeding 400 acres, 
 without paying for the land a farthing, except the fees above named, and the 
 expenses of surveying. It was expected that the land would be paid for after 
 the return of the survey, and a patent then be taken out. This, however, was 
 frequently not done, and the purchase money of many tracts has not yet been 
 paid to the commonwealth. The land then cost twenty-two and two-tenths cents 
 per acre; hence it is not wonderful that as soon as the Indian troubles ceased, 
 the lands in Letterkenny were rapidly occupied. As this township is mostly 
 slate land, now considered by many as inferior to the limestone and freestone, 
 or pine lands of Greene, Southampton, GuUford, Antrim, etc. , it may seem 
 strange that the first settlers selected the slate lands, which were often quite 
 hilly, in preference to others. 
 
 ' 'After the battle of Trenton, some of the Hessians captured there found 
 their way to this vicinity, settled here, and became useful citizens, and their 
 descendants are among some of the most respectable people. ' ' 
 
 Maj. James McCalmont, so famous in early times as an Indian fighter, 
 was born near Strasburg, in this township. The massacre of some of his 
 closest friends had made him swear eternal vengeance against the red-skins. 
 He was so fleet of foot, so familiar with every foot of the county, so sure a 
 shot, his name became a terror to the Indians. 
 
 EAELIE8T LAIO) TITLES. 
 
 Of the earliest land titles we find the following: 
 
 Robert Allison (in right of Andrew Blackburn), February 13, 1753. Neigh- 
 bors: James Allison, Robert Rogers, James Gordon, John Boyd, James Boyd. 
 
 Joseph Henderson (in right of Samuel Boyd), February 20, 1754. Neigh- 
 bors: Christ Irwin, Robert Boyd, John Kirkpatrick, John Irwin. 
 
 John Boyd, May 24, 1753. Neighbors: D. Jordan, Jeremiah Galvin. 
 
 Thomas Barnet, February 18, 1744. Neighbors: Chas. Stewart, James 
 Pancoast, Felt. Spangler, Charles McGennet, James McKeen. 
 
 Samuel Culbertson, October 10, 1753. Neighbors: Jdseph Culbertson, 
 Richard Peters, Robert Culbertson. 
 
 Robert Gabby, October 16, 1749. Neighbors: John Kirkpatrick, Widow 
 Donaldson, John Sisney, John Bamhill. 
 
 James Mitchell, July 10, 1752. Neighbor: David Shields. 
 
 John Maughan, May 9, 1754. Neighbors: John Miller, Joseph Mitchell, 
 John Rippit, Widow Caldwell, Wm. MitcheU, James McCammin 
 
 Rev. Richard Peters, June 23, 1749. 
 
LETTEKKENNY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 585 
 
 LIST OP TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 In the present limits of the township and of Greene Township, the taxables 
 in 1786 were as follows: 
 
 Alex. Allison. 
 Andrew Allison. 
 Robert Allison. 
 Hugh. Allison. 
 Jas. Allison. 
 Jas. Anderson. 
 Adam Break. 
 Christley Brake. 
 George Basor. 
 Adam Burkholder. 
 Peter Basor. 
 Rob't Brotherton. 
 "Wm. Bell, Sr. 
 Wm. Bell, Jr. 
 Peter Barnbart. 
 
 Sam'l Culbertson, 8r. Wm. Kithpatrick. 
 Jas. Culbertson. John Lafflery. 
 
 S. Culbertson (creek). John Lindsay. 
 Rev. John Craighead. John Lunders. 
 
 John Culbertson. 
 John Cessna. 
 Wm. Cessna. 
 Josias Crawford. 
 W. Crawford (heirs). 
 Christy Dice. 
 John Dunlap. 
 Wm. Davis. 
 George Eaby. 
 Jas. Endslow. 
 George Early. 
 
 Adam Burkholder, Jr. Jas. Elliott (heirs). 
 Matthias Booker. James Findley, Esq. 
 Jacob Barickstrasser. John Findley. 
 
 John Barr. 
 Matthias Brindley. 
 John Beard, Sr. 
 John Baker. - 
 James Boyd. 
 Andrew Beard. 
 Wm. Beard, Jr. 
 John Beard, Jr. 
 John Blair. 
 John S. Beatty. 
 Thos. Boyd. 
 H. Caldwell. 
 Michael Crowberger. 
 Robert Caldwell. 
 James Caldwell. 
 John Caldwell. 
 Stephen Caldwell. 
 John Colsmith. 
 John Cramer. 
 Alex. Culbertson. 
 Adam Castle. 
 Sam'l Culbertson. 
 
 John Fergison. 
 Jas. Gilleland. 
 Jas. Gibson. 
 Jeremiah Galvin. 
 Henry Gruver. 
 John Gant. 
 Wm. Gibson. 
 Ruben Gilaspy. 
 George Grove. 
 John Gray. 
 Abm. Grove. 
 AlwEt.'Grove, Jr. 
 Christly Grove. 
 George Handspike. 
 Philip Homel. 
 John Henderson. 
 Jas. Henderson. 
 Peter Hoover. 
 John Hoover. 
 Sam'l Henry. 
 Ludwick Houser. 
 Mike Havlin. 
 
 Capt. Jos. Culbertson. John Imble. 
 
 Robert Culbertson. 
 John Craig. 
 Jas. Caldwell, Sr. 
 Jas. Cunningham. 
 Charles Cummins. 
 Jas. Clark. 
 Joseph Clark. 
 Robt. Cochran. 
 Sam'l Cochran. 
 Widow Cochran. 
 
 Charles Allison. 
 James Allison. 
 Robert Brotherton. 
 Johp Butcher. 
 Johii Brewn. 
 Adam Burkholder. 
 Sam'l Culbertson. 
 Christian Counts. 
 David Cowan. 
 Joseph Caldwell. 
 
 Paul Imble. 
 Thos. Jackson. 
 Robt. Jack (heirs). 
 Sam'l Jordan. 
 David Jordan. 
 John Johnston. 
 Philip Keeser. 
 Michael Eunole. 
 John Eithcart. 
 James Kelly. 
 
 Sam'l Lindsay. 
 Conrad Loward. 
 Robert Long. 
 Jas. Lockard. 
 Jeremiah Loughery. 
 Widow Lutes. 
 Jas. McConnel. 
 Robert McConnel. 
 Jas. Matthews. 
 James McCammont. 
 Jas. Moor. 
 John Machan, Jr. 
 John Machan, Sr. 
 Robt. Mitchel. 
 Jas. Michel (Less). 
 Robert Machan. 
 John Myers. 
 John McCammont. 
 Joseph Mitchel. 
 Cuthp Maugh. 
 Robert McCammy. 
 John McCammy. 
 Alex. McKeen. 
 Nath. Mitchal. 
 Jesse Mitchel. 
 John Neaves. 
 Wm. Nicholson. 
 Sam'l Nantier. 
 Jacob Neaves. 
 John Nilson, Sr. 
 John Nillson, Jr. 
 Leonard Po winger. 
 Jas. Patterson. 
 Capt. N. Patterson. 
 Thos. Porter. 
 
 Postlethwaite. 
 
 Alex. Robison. 
 Wm. Robison. 
 John Richey. 
 Henry Rail. 
 Wm.'Rail. 
 Jas. Reed. 
 Darby Runy. 
 Jacob Ryard.* 
 George Radibuch. 
 John Robison. 
 
 FREEMEN. 
 
 Thos. Clark. 
 John Clark. 
 Hugh Pergison. 
 John Findley. 
 Gabriel Gordon. 
 Sam'l Henny. 
 Daniel Lavery. 
 John Lindsey. 
 Thos. Lindsay. 
 Balsar Lower. 
 
 Joseph Mitchel. 
 James McCammont. 
 John McCamey. 
 Sam'l Nicholson. 
 Thos. Patterson. 
 Isaac Parker. 
 Thos. Porter. 
 George Pacer. 
 John Reed. 
 Wm. Reed. 
 
 Wm. Ray. 
 Sam'l Ray, Sr. 
 Christley Raisor. 
 Abm. R'easor. 
 Sam'l Reed. 
 Jas. Stuart. 
 George Stinger. 
 Fred'k Stump. 
 Wm. Sharp, Jr. 
 Wm. Sharp (heirs). 
 Wintle Schirck. 
 Henry Shearer. 
 Charles Stuart. 
 Fred'k Stake. 
 Moses Scott. 
 Francis Sanderson. 
 Joseph Stevinson. 
 Adam Smith. 
 Wm. Sharp, Sr. 
 Joseph Shirk. 
 Matthew Shields. 
 Matthew Sharp. 
 Robert Shields. 
 Hannah Sharp. 
 George Snearly. 
 Valentine Spangler. 
 Jas. Tom. 
 Albert Torrence. 
 Henry Toops. 
 Andrew Taylor. 
 Wm. Torrance. 
 Hugh Torrance. 
 Alex. Thompson. 
 David Trooph. 
 John Ward. 
 Mary Weary (widow). 
 Jas. Willson. 
 Martin Winger. 
 Wm. Wadiir. 
 Conrad Wolf. 
 Andrew Willson. 
 H. Wiley. 
 
 Capt. Efugh Wiley. 
 Thomas Wallace. 
 Joseph Whitmere. 
 Jas. Walker. 
 William Weir. 
 Oliver Wallace. 
 Rev. Sam'l Wilson. 
 Jacob Yos. 
 
 John Rea. 
 Andrew Russell. 
 Saml Rea. 
 M. Scott. 
 Wm. Shiphan. 
 Wm. Stinzer. 
 Albert Torrance. 
 Thos. Wear. 
 John Ward. 
 
 *Jacob Blchard, paternal great-grandfathrr of the compiler of this work. 
 
586 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 EABLT SCHOOL TEACHEKS. 
 
 John B. Kaufman has kindly furnished the following list of early school 
 teachers in the township: Eugene Owens, Benjamin Davis, Daniel Ecker- 
 man, St., Capt. Thomas Anderson, Eev. Daniel Eckerman, Jr., Wm. A. 
 Hunter, Capt. Isaac Miller, Montgomery Martin, Henry A. Thomas, Prof. P. 
 
 A. Shoemaker, Prof. Aaron Weidman, John B. Kaufman, John W. DeHaven, 
 Hon. W. W. Britton, B. A. Cormany, Capt. E. K. Lehman, Saml. Gelwix, A. 
 
 B. Wingert, Prof. A. G. Huber, Rev. Jno. A. West, Jr., Dr. E. W. Eamsay, 
 Eev. D. W. SoUenberger, D. A. Flora, Prof. B. F. Newton, Prof. L. F. 
 Creamer, Prof. F. H. Slyder, Emma Minehart, Naomi Minehart, D. D. Swan- 
 ger and J. C. Burkholder. 
 
 VILLAGE. 
 
 Strasburg. — The postoffice is called Upper Strasburg. The village is on 
 the old State road, near the base of Kittatinny Mountain. It was found- 
 ed by Dewalt Keefer in 1789. It was the first instance of the Germans be- 
 ing here in sufficient force to begin to lay out towns, and call them after 
 names cherished in the fatherland. In the days of stage coaches it became 
 quite a stirring little business point, where the old burghers were noted for 
 selling supplies at the cheapest market rates, and their thrifty industry always 
 had on hand a big supply. 
 
 CHTTBCH. 
 
 Rocky Spring Presbyterian Church. — ^This was organized according to best 
 accounts in the year 1738, by the presbytery of Donegal. The first house of 
 worship was built about the same time. Its name, Eocky Spring, was chosen 
 from its location at a large spring of water, which issues from a limestone 
 rock. The first pastor is supposed to have been Eev. Thomas Craighead, 
 whose charge also embraced Middle Spring and Big Spring congregations in 
 the territory now forming Cumberland County. He died in his pulpit while 
 engaged in the act of pronouncing the benediction, about the close of the year 
 1739. He was succeeded by Eev. John Blair, who was installed December 
 27, 1742, giving one-third of his time to the congregation. He was of IrislT 
 parentage, graduated at the Log College, a classical school established by Eev. 
 Wm. Tennent, twenty miles north of Philadelphia, and was an earnest and 
 laborious preacher. Owing to the incursions of the Indians, he was compelled 
 to resign his pastoral charge on the 28th of December, 1748. From this date 
 to 1768, the congregation was without a settled pastor. The same cause 
 which banished the last shepherd prevented another from taking his place. 
 This whole region was then wild and uncultivated. Some families were mur- 
 dered, and others were compelled to flee for safety into the more thickly set- 
 tled portions of the country. After the defeat of Gen. Braddock in 1755, high 
 carnival was held by the savages in the Cumberland Valley. 
 
 Finally, in the spring of 1767, Eev. John Craighead was called and in- 
 stalled its pastor, April 13, 1768, at a salary of £100 per year. He was bom 
 in 1742; graduated at Princeton in 1763; was an eloquent preacher and a val- 
 iant patriot, spoken of in history as the "fighting chaplain," because he 
 led his men as captain in battle and acted as chaplain in camp. His disposi- 
 tion was mild, affable and peculiarly winning, which, together with his agree- 
 able social qualities, rare conversational powers and fine humor, made him th© 
 favorite of all who chanced to know him. His sermons were delivered with a 
 power and eloquence peculiarly his own. He lived on a farm about half a 
 mile from the church. His pastoral relation with Eocky Spring continued till 
 April 9, 1799, when it was dissolved. He died on the 20th of the same month 
 
LETTERKENNY TOWNSHIP. 587 
 
 and. year, and his remains were deposited in the adjacent cemetery, the hand- 
 some monument which marks the place having been furnished by Mrs. Isabella 
 Marshall, the last surviving member of his congregation. 
 
 After a vacancy of just a year, Rev. Francis Herron, born near Shippens- 
 burg June 28, 1774, was installed pastor, April 9, 1800. His preaching was 
 marked with great power and success. During his pastorate the church at- 
 tained the climax of its prosperity and usefulness. His connection with the 
 congregation was dissolved on the 3d of April, 1811, to enable him to enter 
 upon his charge as pastor of the First Church, of Pittsburgh, which position 
 he filled for forty years. 
 
 After the departure of Dr. Herron, the congregation was supplied for a 
 period of several years by Kev. John McKnight, who came from New York 
 City, buying a farm, on which he lived. He was never regularly installed as 
 pastor. In 1815 he was invited to the presidency of Dickinson College, which 
 position he accepted. He resigned, returned to his farm and continued to 
 preach as opportunity offered till the time of his death, October 21, 1823. The 
 next pastor was Rev. John McKnight, son of the preceding, who came April 
 9, 1816. He entered upon his work September 24, 1816, and continued until 
 JanuEiry 20, 1836. During his service he lived on a farm half a mile east of 
 Chambersburg.- He died in Philadelphia July 29, 1857, in his sixty-eighth 
 year. 
 
 For a period of four years this congregation, with that of St. Thomas, was 
 supplied by Rev. Robert Kennedy, of Welsh Run, and others. 
 
 In May, 1840, Rev. A. K. Nelson was installed pastor. He discharged his 
 duties faithfully till ill health compelled his resignation April 10, 1873, since 
 which time Rev. S. 0. George,* its present pastor, has occupied the honored 
 and responsible position. 
 
 The first church edifice stood between the present building and the grave- 
 yard, the front facing to the south. It was a rough log buUding, one story 
 and a half high, and built about the time the congregation was organized, or 
 before, in the rude style of architecture peculiar to those days. It had one 
 row of windows in the lower story, the lights being small and few in number. 
 It was entered by two doors which were placed in the eastern and western ends 
 of the house. The doors were small and single. They were made of plain 
 boards without any panel work. As the size of the congregation increased, an 
 addition, formed of a small square building on the south side, was made. A 
 few years later, for a similar reason, another addition was built by its side. 
 About the time the original building was erected, a small, rough structure 
 about fifteen feet square, with wide fireplace and large wooden chimney, was 
 also built. It was known as the "Study House." It is said that it was built 
 as a receptacle for the saddles which members used in those days when horse- 
 back riding to church was the main reliance of the people scattered over large 
 regions of country. This house was replaced in 1794 by the present brick 
 structure, 48x60, the contractor being Walter Beatty. 
 
 The following is a complete list of the members of Rocky Spring Church 
 100 years ago: John Stevenson, Robert Brotherton, John Stuart, JohnMahan, 
 Sr., John Mahan, Robert W'ilson, Andrew Wilson, William Waddell, Andrew 
 Wilson, Isaac Martin, Capt. Alexander Culbertson, John Board, James Endslow, 
 Thomas Stockton, Robert Sharp, Robert Shields, Oliver Culbertson^ Charles 
 Cummins, Joseph Stevenson, Thomas Clark, Thomas McCurdy, Samuel Mc- 
 Cord, John Gauth, Thomas Thorn, — Davis, Wm. Rosselas, John Bernd, ' 
 
 •Since above was In type, we learn that Rev. S. C. George has resigned his pastoral charge with Big 
 Spring and St. Thomas Presbyterian congregations. 
 
588 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 John Thompson, Moses Barnet, Samuel Eea, Fidton Lindsay, Moses Black- 
 burn, Samuel Coheen, Andrew Fealor, John Kerr, Samuel Henry, Alexander 
 Culbertson, John Blackburn, William Wallis, Joseph Clark, Joseph Wither- 
 spoon, William FuUerton, Joseph Clark, John Eea, Alexander White, John 
 McAnulty, William Young, Joseph Swan, Josiah Allen, John McCleen, John 
 Hackett, James Hendery, William Swan, Daniel Shield, Oliver Brown, Kich- 
 ard Benson, Benjamin Carothers, John Wilkeson, Thomas Thompson, Eobert 
 Hutchinson, Samuel Thompson, Wm. Archibald, Nathan Hilend, James Mor- 
 ton, John Moor, Mathew Gilleland, Eobert Peoples, John Thompson, John 
 Taylor, Saml. Liggit, David Colwell, John Chestnut, Capt. Mathew Ferguson, 
 Wm. Ferguson, Daniel Eckers, John Beard, Saml. Headery, Saml. Eea, Mary 
 Kerr, Moses Barrett, John Thompson, Daniel McGregor, Samuel Thompson, 
 Andrew Taylor, Moses Blackburn, Martha Allen, Eobert Anderson, Margaret 
 Denny, Eobt. Dixon, Joseph Kerpatrick, John Mahon, Samuel Coheren, David 
 English, Henry Duncan, Alexander Moses, Margaret Dixon, Wm. Trotter, 
 Saml. Hase, James Ackles, Joseph Cowan, John Wilson, Andrew Beard, Mary 
 Jordan, Daniel Jordan, Eobert McCamey, Arthur Patterson, James Hender- 
 son, Eobert Lamberton, Samuel Mitchell, Wm. Bell, Geo. Shields, Wm. Gib- 
 son, Geo. Davidson, Wm. Beard, Joseph Mitchell, Eobt. Carrick, Archbald 
 Grimes, Wm. Huston, William McCalland, Eobert Allison, Saml. Jordan, 
 John McCamey, James Wilson, John Henderson, James Stevenson^ Martha 
 Ward, Joseph Natchee, James Walker, Esther Eennex, Charles Harron, Cor- 
 nelius Harper, Eobert Shields, James Toon, Isaac Parker, Archibald McCloskey, 
 Eobert Bear^^ John Chamberlain. 
 
 WASHINGTON— 1779. * 
 
 At the January term, 1779, a petition of citizens of Antrim was presented, 
 asking for a division of that township, and the court appointed James Johns- 
 ton, Abraham Smith, Humphrey Fullerton, James McLanahan, Elias 
 Davison and William Finley, commissioners to examine and report upon the 
 propriety of granting the request of the petitioners. Their report was to be 
 returned at the April term of the court, of that year. It was then Washington 
 Township was erected out of the territory of Antrim, and named in honor of 
 him who stood first in the hearts of his countrymen — Gen. Washington. 
 Some of the first settlers to come to the county located in what is now Wash- 
 ington Township. Some of the early land purchasers were as follows: 
 
 EAKLT LAND TITLES. 
 
 Gustavus Brown, August 22, 1751. (No neighbors.) 
 
 Jacob Beesecker, January 29, 1752. Neighbors: Fredrick Foreman, John 
 McLanahan, Henry Thomas, Edward Nichols, Abel Johns, E. Hart, John 
 Cochran. 
 
 Joseph Crunkleton and James Thompson (for the children of William 
 Brown), October 10, 1750. Neighbors: Christ. Flaker, Samuel McCrea, 
 Jacob Holsinger, John Crooks. 
 
 James Dawney, October 31, 1765. Neighbors: William Elms, Martin 
 Jacobs. 
 
 John Ferree, June 10, 1762. 
 
 William HaU, May 12, 1763. Neighbors: Wm. Elms, John Hapner. 
 
 James Johnston, May 3, 1750. Neighbors: John Jackson, Stophel Oees, 
 James Bones. 
 
 *For Borough of Wayoeaboro, se« page 530. 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 589 
 
 Moses Liddell, April 3, 1754. Neighbors: Peter Longenecker, Abraham 
 Wassell, John Scott, Henry Hall. 
 
 Michael Legate, July 1, 1743. Neighbors: James Whitehead, Thomas 
 McLanahan, Abel John, Roger Hart. 
 
 John Morehead, January 4, 1763. Neighbors: John Wallace, David Stoner, 
 John Mack, John Makley. 
 
 John Mack, September fi, 1751. Neighbors: John Morehead, James 
 Downey, William Elms. 
 
 John Markley, March 6, 1749. Neighbors: John Crooks, Samuel McCrea, 
 Fred. Foreman. 
 
 John and James McLanahan, June 3, 1762. Neighbors: Abel John, John 
 Cochran, William Blakeley, James Scott, Andrew Stouffer. 
 
 George Martin, September 6, 1762. Neighbors: Henry Asher, David Heffner. 
 
 Edward Nichols, February 7, 1749. Neighbors: Andrew Stoop, Michael 
 Helm, Jacob Mack. 
 
 Henry Cooper, January 19, 1753. Neighbors: Edward Nichols, Henry Teech, 
 Jacob Mack. 
 
 Mathias Ringer, February 14, 1749. 
 
 John Stoner, October 24, 1750. Neighbors: Jacob Holtzinger, James Jack, 
 Fred. Foreman, William Irwin, John Price. 
 
 David Stoner, May 3, 1763. 
 
 John Snowberger, May 15, 1745. 
 
 James Whitehead, September 29, 1750. Neighbors: Jacob Beesecker, 
 Richard O' Cain. 
 
 John Wallace, October 20, 1750. Neighbors: John Morehead, James 
 Coyle, James Jack, John Cochran, Matthias Ringer. 
 
 John Steiner, May 23, 1744. 
 
 An account of many of the prominent first settlers in this part of the county 
 may be found in Chapter XXI, this volume. 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES- 
 
 -1786. 
 
 Washington Township, which then included what is now Quincy Township, 
 in 1786 had the following taiables: 
 
 Stophel Adams. 
 Peter Baker. 
 David Burkit. 
 Dewalt Bonbrake. 
 William Blackley. 
 David Baker. 
 James Blacktey. 
 Daniel Beashover. 
 Elizabeth Bennidlck. 
 Nicholas Beaver. 
 Jacob Baker. 
 John Baker. 
 Philip Boarbaugh. 
 Peter Baker, Sr. 
 Nicholas Bittiager. 
 John Burns. 
 Christian Breakner. 
 Daniel Clapsaddle. 
 John Cochran, Sr. 
 John Cochran, Jr. 
 Thomas Chambers. 
 John Crooks. 
 James Crooks. 
 Michael Cook. 
 George Cook. 
 
 Christian Cofman. 
 George Cofman. 
 Henry Carroll. 
 Jacob Cook. 
 Gasper Ceese. 
 Isaac Clark- 
 Robt. Cuningham. 
 Casper Cline. 
 James Downey. 
 Peter Dull. 
 Joseph Dull. 
 Stophel Dull. 
 Henry Dutch. 
 David Dutch. 
 Henry Dewalt. 
 Elias Davidson. 
 Jacob Donneker. 
 Wm. Erwin. 
 John Erwin. 
 John Emmits. 
 Adam Flohere. 
 Peter Fox. 
 Henry Fore. 
 Fredrick Foreman, 
 Abm Flora. 
 
 Adam Fredrick. 
 Fred'k Foreman, Jr. 
 Henry Flood. 
 Jacob Fredrick. 
 Christ. Foglar. 
 And'w Frldley. 
 And'w Fridley, Jr. 
 John Funk. 
 Laurence Fotteral. 
 John Gantz. 
 John Gafl. 
 And'w Gibhard. 
 Henry Gibhart. 
 Christian Grub. 
 Albert HefCner. 
 Jacob Holsinger. 
 George Holsinger. 
 John Hambleton. 
 John Horner, Sr. 
 Fred'k Howard. 
 Elizabeth Helms. 
 John Horner, Jr. 
 Fred'k Horner. 
 Sr.Ab'm Horner. 
 Gasper Henline. 
 
 Cornelius Henlin. 
 Michael Helms. 
 Jacob Hess. 
 John Horn. 
 Elias Horn. 
 David HefEner. 
 Daniel Helmao. 
 Sam'l Harshbarger. 
 George Helman. 
 Jacob Hefner. 
 Val. Hefner. 
 John Haslet. 
 Jacob Hollinger. 
 Martin Jacob. 
 John Johnston. 
 John Leap. 
 David Lady. 
 Peter Longenecker. 
 John Long. 
 B irnet Lickhart. 
 Conrad Loyd. 
 John McCoy. 
 John McColloch. 
 ■Tames Moorhcad. 
 Jacob Mack. 
 
590 
 
 HISTOBY or FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Wm. McCrea. 
 James McOrea. 
 .John McClanalian. 
 Daniel McCoy. 
 Matthew McFarron. 
 Henry MiUar. 
 Conrail Man, Jr. 
 Conrad Man, Sr. 
 Henry McFarron. 
 George Minner. 
 Able jMcnsor. 
 Joseph Mencr. 
 James Moore. 
 John Miller. 
 John McKissack. 
 William Mack. 
 James McAnuitj'. 
 John Murpliy. 
 Georjre Mitsor. 
 Patrick Money. 
 Christian Miller. 
 Ale.x. .\Iiick. 
 George Mosabook. 
 David Mcnsor. 
 John .Miller, Sr. 
 John iMartspock. 
 Martin .Mcrkle. 
 
 Georije Anderson. 
 George Beaker. 
 John Boggs. 
 David Beasor. 
 David Burket. 
 Ab'm Burket. 
 Antony Beaver. 
 William Blackley. 
 Sam'l Burket. 
 Wm. Crooks. 
 Henry Coon. 
 James Crooks. 
 Peter Emmit. 
 
 Jacob Netor. 
 Peter Nipper. 
 Ab'm Nipper. 
 Elizabeth Nipper. 
 Peter Newcomer. 
 Joseph Nicholas. 
 Wm. Nicholas. 
 Jacob Naugel. 
 John Nicholas. 
 Fred'k Nicodemus. 
 Conrad Nicodemus. 
 Jacob Ortenbarger. 
 George Okkel. 
 Jacob Pechtal. 
 Peter Penner. 
 Jacob Pissaker. 
 Ab'm Pissaker. 
 John Parks. 
 Jas. Parks. 
 John Price. 
 John Potter. 
 Siraon Potter. 
 Adam Prits. 
 Daniel Price. 
 Robt. Price. 
 John Ridlesberger. 
 George Rock. 
 
 Samuel Royer. 
 John Rock. 
 Henry Rock. 
 Fred'k Rock. 
 Adam Richardson. 
 Jacob Reed. 
 Fred'k Sholl?. 
 Peter Stover. 
 David Stoner. 
 Abraham Stoner. 
 Jacob Shockey- 
 Valentine Shockey. 
 Jacob Swisher. 
 Uly Snowl)arger. 
 Henry Shambennon. 
 Solomon Seecrist. 
 Andrew Snowbarger. 
 Henry Snell. 
 Ludwick Stull. 
 John Scott. 
 Herman Stultz. 
 Mary Stoops. 
 Simon String. 
 Michael Stover. 
 Samuel Sill. 
 Matthias Summers. 
 Peter Swope. 
 
 John Fridley. 
 Daniel Heap. 
 Jacob Helms. 
 Daniel Horner. 
 Dennice Joans. 
 Philip Knop. 
 George Ludwick. 
 Henry Lady. 
 John Lancliaster. 
 James McCoy. 
 James McCoUoch 
 John Menner. 
 
 FEEEMBN. 
 
 Isaac Millar. 
 John McClanahan. 
 James McCray. 
 Wm. McCoy. 
 Peter Nipper. 
 John Nicholson. 
 Wm. Nicholson. 
 David Nipper. 
 Peter Nipper. 
 Jacob Price. 
 David Parks. 
 Daniel Royer. 
 
 John Still. 
 Wm. Stitt. 
 John Seecrist. 
 Thos. Stoops. 
 John Smith. 
 Adam Smith. 
 Sam'l Stitt. 
 John Sell. 
 Wm. Shaver. 
 Henry Stoner. 
 John Taylor. 
 Thomas Wallas. 
 John Wallas. 
 Jas. Wisbard. 
 John Wishard. 
 Edward Wishard. 
 Casper Wagoner. 
 Jacob Winterbarger. 
 Conrad Warts. 
 Caspar Welch. 
 John Wickel. 
 Jacob Welty. 
 James Watson. 
 Philip Wagerman. 
 Jacob Wagerman. 
 Sam'l Willson. 
 James WiUson. 
 
 Durst Snowberger. 
 Jacob Stump. 
 Jacob Summers. 
 David Scott. 
 Jas. Stoops. 
 Wm. Scott. 
 James Stitt. 
 Abraham Shockey. 
 John Thomas. 
 Sam'l Thomas. 
 Andrew Will. 
 John Wallace 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Midvale is a station on the Western Maryland Eailroad, in the southeast 
 part of the county. It was made a station and named in 1880 by president 
 J. M. Hood. In 1881 J. Floyd erected his dwelling, and opened a general 
 merchandise, grain and coal business. 
 
 Rowzersville was laid out in 1868 by Peter Rouzer; population a few 
 hundred; has Methodist Episcopal Church, organized in 1873, and a Dunker 
 Church, established in 1873. For list of preachers, see Mont Alto Circuit 
 under Quincy Township. 
 
 The Salem (formerly Besore's) Reformed Church dates its establishment 
 from 1773. The first services were held in a small log schoolhouse, by Rev. 
 Mr. Weymer. The building stood between the present edifice and the grave- 
 yard, upon land afterward taken up by Henry Miller. In March, 1787, land 
 was purchased of Henry Miller, and the building of a log church commenced 
 and soon completed. It was in the primitive style of such buildings by the 
 Germans, with high pulpit, sounding board, etc. The building committee 
 was composed of Daniel Biishaar and Daniel Ledy. In 1786 Rev. Cyriacus 
 Spangenberg became the pastor, filling the position nearly three years. The 
 original call to him and a prayer-book prepared by him are now in the pos- 
 session of the present pastor and are highly prized by him. After him came 
 
MONTGOMEBY TOWNSHIP. 591 
 
 Rev. Weymer again, remaining until the close of 1789. For the next suc- 
 ceeding years they had only occasional services. Eev. Jonathan Rahauser 
 came in November, 1792. He continued in charge until his death; September 
 25, 1817. His successor was Rev. Frederick A. Seholl, who continued to 
 serve the church until 1831. Rev. George W. Glessner was in charge until 
 1840 ; succeeded by Rev. J. H. A. Bomberger, who remained till 1845. Then 
 for two years the pastor in charge was Rev. Theodore Appel, when Rev. 
 Glessner was recalled, and remained until 1851; then Rev. H. W. Super 
 until 1862; then Rev. Walter E. Krebs until 1868; Rev. H. H. W. Hibsh- 
 man, 1869-77. The present pastor. Rev. F. F. Bahner, was installed 
 December, 1877. The congregation is in a prosperous condition, and as this 
 is the 100th year since the erection of the first church building, due promi- 
 nence will be given to the event. Certain improvements to the present 
 church property are contemplated, and will doubtless be made this year. 
 
 MONTGOMERY— 1781. * 
 
 At the October term, 1780, of the court of quarter sessions of Cumberland 
 County, was presented a petition asking for the division of Peters Township, 
 and the creation of a new township tobe called Montgomery. Thereupon 
 James Maxwell, John McClellan, John Work, James Campbell, Adam HoUi- 
 day and Thomas Campbell were appointed to examine and report on the peti ■ 
 tion. They reported at the January term, 1781 ; report confirmed and the new 
 township erected, with boundary lines as they are now. It was named in hon- 
 or of Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was killed in the attack upon Quebec, 
 December 31, 1775. The earliest settlers came between 1730 and 1735. 
 
 EAELY LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 Of the early land entries were the following: 
 
 John Craig, May 24, 1753. Neighbor: Daniel Davis. 
 
 Robert Culbertson, March 31, 1743. Neighbors: William Dinwiddy, 
 Thomas Dinwiddy, James Gardner. 
 
 Philip Davis, June 21, 1737. Neighbors: James Harland, John Davyrich. 
 
 William Duffield, March 4, 1767. Neighbors: Samuel McCune, William 
 Patton, James Davison, Isaac Darbre. 
 
 Thomas Evans, August 7, 1740. Neighbors: David Alexander, John Davis, 
 Aaron Alexander. 
 
 Richard Gabriel, May 13, 1752. (No neighbors. ) 
 
 Martha Henry, October 15, 1744. Neighbor: Alexander Brown. 
 
 Thomas Johnston, November 20, 1753. Neighbors : Jonathan Smith, John 
 Black, John Huston, John McMath. 
 
 William Milliken, May 28, 1745. (No neighbors. ) 
 
 William Maxwell, March 31, 1743. Neighbors: John McLelland, Robert 
 McCoy. 
 
 James Wilkins (in right of James McMahon), February 18, 1744. Neigh- 
 bors: Archibald Scott, James Wilkey. 
 
 Francis Johnston (in right of James Alexander), May 31, 1742. 
 
 Alexander Johnston, March 18, 1750. 
 
 Thomas Orbison, October 2, 1755. Neighbors: Thomas Dougherty, John 
 Davie Richard, William Duffield, Thomas Davis. 
 
 Richard Peters sold to William Duffield. (No dates given.) 
 
 Alexander Brown, November 18, 1741. Neighbors: Thomas Sellers, John 
 
 *For Boi'ough of Mercersburg, see page 505. 
 
592 
 
 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 McClellan, Walter Beatty, Alex White, Wilson Holliday, William Dunwoody, 
 Martha Heni-y. 
 
 LIST or TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 The present boundary of Montgomery Township, in 1786, contained the 
 
 following taxables : 
 Oliver Anderson. 
 George Brown. 
 Sarah Brown. 
 David Brown, Jr. 
 David Brown, Sr. 
 Robert Baird. 
 Jonathan Burgis. 
 Joseph Bogel. 
 Abraham Bulman. 
 Thomas Cellars. 
 JamBB Crawford, 8r. 
 Mathew Campble. 
 George Clark. 
 Mathias Crow. 
 Henry Cow. 
 Jacob Cow. 
 John Campbell. 
 George Crawford. 
 David Collins. 
 John Cunnliigham. 
 Andrew Clinesmith. 
 James Crawford, Jr. 
 George Crist. 
 William Dunwoody. 
 Capt. Philip Davis. 
 William Duffield. 
 Philip Davis. 
 Wm. Duffleld, Sr. 
 William Davidson. 
 Catharine Davis. 
 James Davis. 
 Stephen Doyle. 
 Andrew Dixon. 
 John Davis. 
 James Davison. 
 James Dougherty. 
 Samuel Davis. 
 William Duffleld, Jr. 
 Davis Dea. 
 Thomas Edmiston. 
 George Elliott. 
 Benj. Elliott. 
 Johnson EUot. 
 Hugh Foster. 
 Andrew Flanigan. 
 Charles Foster. 
 Andrew Fryberger. 
 Balsor Gull. 
 
 John Brown. 
 Thos. Claney. 
 John Cellins. 
 John Davis. 
 John Darley. 
 James Davison. 
 Wm. Davig. 
 George EUot. 
 
 John Guin. 
 Jacob Gons. 
 John Gillis. 
 Sam'l Gilaspy. 
 Jacob Good. 
 Robert Gordon. 
 Peter Good. 
 Nath'l Green. 
 David Huston. 
 David Humphrey. 
 John Hues. 
 Adam Hardman. 
 John Hair. 
 James Huston. 
 Peter Horkey. 
 Archibald Irwin. 
 Robt. Johnston. 
 John Kennedy. 
 David Kennedy. 
 Thos. Kenedy. 
 Samuel Kyle. 
 Robert Kyle. 
 James Kyle. 
 Elisha Lewis. 
 Adam Long. 
 Conrade Long. 
 Andrew Long. 
 Jacob Lear. 
 Robert Lee. 
 Catharine Long. 
 Wm. Lamond. 
 James Lamond. 
 Alex Lamond. 
 John Lough. 
 Wm. Lowry. 
 John Lamond. 
 Andrew Lewiston. 
 Thos. Lucus. 
 Hugh Long. 
 John Long. 
 James Maxwell, Esq. 
 Wm. McCoy. 
 James McCoy. 
 Francis Mears. 
 Capt.Jno. McClelland, 
 Alex Miller. 
 Joseph Miller. 
 
 James Miller. 
 Samuel McCune. 
 Traxler Means. 
 Wm. Morrison. 
 Rev. Thos. McPherrin 
 Fergus M'oorhead. 
 Andrew Mease. 
 Wm. Meanoch. 
 John McFaul. 
 James McFarlin. 
 Edward Mannon. 
 John McCarrol. 
 Wm. Marshal. 
 Alex Martin. 
 Patrick McCoUaugh. 
 Andrew Morrison. 
 Robt. Martin. 
 Robt. McKey. 
 David Meek. 
 Patrick Maxwell. 
 James Moore. 
 Robert McCavin. 
 James Morrow. 
 Rebecca McCammish. 
 John McDonald. 
 George McCullough. 
 Samuel Martin. 
 Wm. Martin. 
 Patrick McNeal. 
 John Martin. 
 James McClain. 
 Wm. McCune. 
 George McCallan. 
 Wm. Newell. 
 John Orbison. 
 John Parkhill. 
 John Posterbaugh. 
 George Posterbaugh. 
 George Prits. 
 Joseph Price. 
 Henry Plyly. 
 James Ramsey. 
 Joseph Rench. 
 John Rench. 
 Frederick Reaver. 
 James Ross. 
 Jacob Rush. 
 
 Jameis Rankin, Jr. 
 James Rankin, Sr. 
 Wm. Rankin. 
 Jeremiah Rankin. 
 .John Rush. 
 James Robertson. 
 Widow Reed. 
 James Roddy. 
 Cams Starret. 
 John Shannon. 
 Samuel Scott. 
 Samuel Smith. 
 Paul Shearer. 
 John Shinifleld. 
 John Shearer. 
 Peter Shearer. 
 Robert Smith. 
 Wm. Scott. 
 John Scott. 
 Henry Stall. 
 Daniel Stutsman. 
 John Smith. 
 John Starret. 
 Capt. Wm. Smith. 
 Joseph Shannon. 
 James Scott. 
 Henry Snider. 
 John StuU. 
 Widow Shannon. 
 Rev. Robert Smith. 
 James Stewart. 
 Peter Trough. 
 Peter Trough, Jr. 
 John TJlling. 
 George Unger. 
 Conrad linger. 
 Joseph Vanleer. 
 Jane White. 
 Matthew White. 
 James Wray. 
 Alex Wilson. 
 Peter Whitesides 
 Owens Williams. 
 John Work. 
 Daniel Wray. 
 John Wray. 
 Alex. Wray. 
 
 David Henderson. 
 William Harway. 
 James Innis. 
 James Irwin. 
 James Kelly. 
 Benj. Longhead. 
 Wm. McDonald. 
 
 FRBEMEN, 
 
 James Mays. 
 James Maxwell. 
 Hugh McKillop. 
 Mathew Martin. 
 Walter Maxwell. 
 Peter Prough. 
 Henry Panther. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Welsh Run is a beautiful little village on the road 
 Hagerstown, six miles from the former place. David 
 
 James Reed. 
 James Smyley. 
 Samuel Smith. 
 Joseph Shannon 
 John UUing. 
 Joseph "Vanleer. 
 Robert Wray. 
 
 from Mercersburg to 
 Davis purchased the 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP. 593 
 
 land in 1736. He was a Welshman, and, joined by some countrymen, gave it 
 the name it bears. It is, among other things, noted as being where the 
 Kennedy Academy is located. 
 
 Interments in Welsh Kun Cemetery: Kev. Thomas McPherrin, died 
 February 3, 1802, aged fifty-one years. (He was an early pastor at Welsh 
 Eun). John Work, Sr., son of Col. J. Work, born February 12, 1768, died 
 April 14, 1842. George Eaker, died January 10, 1818, aged about seventy-five 
 years. (He was a Revolutionary hero, and on his tombstone is the following 
 appropriate inscription: ' ' He fought for liberty, and lived to enjoy it"). Mary 
 Eaker, his wife, died March 9, 1832, aged seventy- two years; she was a sister 
 of David Kennedy and an aunt of Lazarus Kennedy. 
 
 The " Robert Kennedy Memorial Presbyterian Church," at Welsh Run, was 
 dedicated September 30, 1871. The dedication sermon was preached by 
 Reverend Thomas Creigh, D. D., of Mercersburg. A historical sketch of 
 the church and of the Reverend Robert Kennedy, who for many years was 
 pastor of this church, was then read. This was one of the first churches 
 organized in the Cumberland Valley west of Harrisburg, and there is 
 much of historic interest connected with it. The cost of the new building, 
 erected on the site of the old one, was paid by E. D. Kennedy. The first 
 building was of logs, and was erected probably in 1741, at the first organiza- 
 tion of the church, near Mr. Elliott's. This continued to be their place of 
 worship till the Indian war, when it was burned by the Indians about 1760. 
 According to Rev. R. Kennedy's testimony, they continued without any house 
 of worship some foiuieen years, till the Rev. T. McPherrin was called at the close 
 of the Indian war in 1774, when another house was erected upon the site of 
 ground now owned by the church, and on the same spot where the present ed- 
 ifice stands. The ground now held and occupied by the church as graveyard 
 and church lot, was originally given to the church by one Robert Smith in 
 1774, or about that time. Said Robert Smith, dying in 1787, willed to the 
 church three acres of ground. In 1788 Samuel, Oliver and Isaac Smith, sons 
 and heirs of Robert Smith, having obtained the patent or deed for the same, 
 by virtue of said vnll, in 1795, deeded it in fee simple to the trustees of this 
 church, viz. : John Rhea, Josiah Price and Robert Chambers. The building 
 erected upon this ground in 1774, originally log, afterward weather-boarded, 
 having undergone various repairs, served its day and three generations, or a 
 century of years. It was of the ancient model, with high pulpit, elaborately or- 
 namented sounding-board and seats having backs " as high as the shoulders. " 
 The early pastors were Revs. James Campbell, Dunlap, McPherrin, Robert 
 Kennedy. This brought the work down to 1843, the time of his death. 
 
 Clay Lick was laid out in 1831, by Jacob Negley. It is situated at the 
 base of Clay Lick Mountain, from which it receives its name. It has one 
 store, the usual shops and a schoolhouse. 
 
 Shimpstown is three miles from Mercersburg on the road to Clay Lick; pop- 
 ulation, between thirty and forty. 
 
 Camphill is at the base of Casey' s Knob, six miles south of Mercersburg. 
 It was founded by William Auld in 1830, and was called Camphill from the 
 fact that near it was a camp -meeting ground. 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON— 1783. * 
 
 This township was organized from Lurgan Township territory in the year 
 above mentioned. The name indicates that there were Englishmen here among 
 the early settlers. 
 
 'Including Borough of Orrstown. 
 
594 
 
 HISTORY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 EARLY LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 Of the early land entries are the following: 
 
 Rev. John Blair, October 5, 1743. Neighbor: John Finley. 
 
 Robert Chambers, August 2, 1766. Neighbors: Andrew Culbertson, Francis 
 Campbell, John Cummins. 
 
 John Cummins, August 11, 1752. Neighbors: Robert Peebles, Arthur 
 Clark, William Coxe, Robert Chambers. 
 
 Oliver Culbertson, January 20, 1767. Neighbors: Martin Smith, John 
 Heron, John McCombe, Robert Mahon, Jr. , Lawrence Stampbanck. 
 
 John Cessna, December 16, 1755. Neighbors: Henry Mayhan, Theophilus 
 Cessna, John Donaldson. 
 
 James Culbertson, August 4, 1751. 
 
 Robert Chambers, February 15, 1737. (No neighbors). 
 
 Thomas Edmundson, July 18, 1743. 
 
 Wm. Irwin (in right of Robert Beck), April 27, 1749. 
 
 William Herron, William Young, David Herron, John Watt, James Herron 
 and Francis Herron, each made entries December 16, 1735. These lands lay 
 on Conodoguinet creek. They are supposed to be the first lands in the Cumber- 
 land Valley taken up under the ' ' Blunston License. ' ' The above lands were 
 assigned to Benjainin Furley, and have since been occupied by Herrons, Mc- 
 Combs and Irwins. 
 
 Robert Long, October 22, 1746. Neighbor: William Jack. 
 
 Samuel Reynolds, June 13, 1749. Neighbors: James Reynolds, Samuel 
 Rippey, John Reynolds, E. Shippen. 
 
 Capt. Robert Peebles (in right of Adam Hoops), August 25, 1753. 
 Neighbors: Daniel Duncan, John Johnston, James Culbertson. 
 
 LIST OF TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 Joseph Arbuckle. 
 Samuel Blyth. 
 John Blyth. 
 Lawrence Brindle. 
 John Breckinridge. 
 James Breckinridge. 
 Samuel Breckinridge 
 Andrew Boyd. 
 Barnet Barklow. 
 Leonard Bough. 
 Samuel Brindle. 
 Samuel Crawford. 
 Conrad Coynard. 
 Thomas Cummins. 
 Archibald Cambridge 
 Samuel Culbertson 
 William Clark. 
 Theophilus Cessna. 
 Samuel Cox. 
 Andrew Craig. 
 John Culbertson. 
 Peter Dick. 
 James Diver. 
 James Dun. 
 Ale.x. Donald. 
 Peter Dick. 
 David Eari. 
 William Erwin. 
 Joseph Findley. 
 
 George Foust. 
 Conrad Fishburn. 
 Isaac Grier. 
 Thomas Grier. 
 Isaac Grier, Sr. 
 Thomas Gilkey. 
 .John Harron. 
 James Harron. 
 William Harron. 
 Thomas Howard. 
 Jacob Hoover. 
 Philip Hoover. 
 Burgit Hains. 
 John Hains. 
 !. Jacob Hammond. 
 George Johnston. 
 Benjamin Johnston. 
 Michael Kero. 
 Charles Kelley. 
 Jacob Justice. 
 Christopher Lance. 
 John Lere. 
 Thomas Lindsay. 
 Caspar Lee. 
 John McCombs. 
 Anthony Mowl. 
 John Millar. 
 Robert McCanlass. 
 
 William McCune. 
 Jolin Means. 
 Samuel McCune. 
 Samuel Montgomery. 
 Thomas Millar. 
 MarkMcCord. 
 William McCord. 
 David McCright. 
 Archibald Mahan. 
 Martin Mindle. 
 Thomas Moor. 
 Nicholas Mink. 
 Michael Mink. 
 Robert Mahon. 
 David Nevins. 
 Joseph Phillips. 
 James Pimbroy. 
 Stephen Porter. 
 James Pail. 
 Robert Peoples. 
 Mary Porter (widow). 
 Thomas Paxton. 
 Thomas Paxton. 
 Samuel Rippey. 
 William Rippey. 
 John Rannells, Esq. 
 Widow Ross. 
 James Randies. 
 
 William Rippey. 
 Wm. Randies (heirs). 
 
 McEntire (heirs). 
 
 Mary Sterret. 
 Robert Shannon. 
 Peter Shoaf . 
 James Shoaf. 
 Peter Shoaf, Jr. 
 John StoU. 
 Jacob Stumpbaugh. 
 William Scott. 
 Robert Scott. 
 William Strain. 
 James Stephens. 
 James Smith. 
 Peter Stumpbaugh. 
 Abraham Shaw. 
 Lorrance Stumpaugh. 
 Philip Stumpaugh. 
 Matthew Scott. 
 Elizabeth Tate. 
 George Unstedt. 
 Thomas Welch. 
 William Wallace. 
 Jeremiah Ward. 
 James Wright. 
 John Young. 
 William Young. 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP. 595 
 
 FREEMEN. 
 
 Samuel Blyth. Hugh Fals. Lewis Lee. William 8cott. 
 
 John Cambridge. John Hoover. George Lee. Moses Scott. 
 
 Peter Coons. William Herron. William Means. Samuel Salsgaver. 
 
 Ludwick Cook. Samuel Howard. William Martin. James Smith. 
 
 William Dougherty. Robert Justice. David McCord. Joseph Stall. 
 
 Samuel Duncan. David Johnston. Isaac Phillips. John Stevens. 
 
 Frederick Fishburn. Moses Kirkpatrick. John Reynolds. 
 
 BOROUGH or ORRSTOWN. 
 
 OrrBtown lies five miles west of Shippensburg, on the old State road. Until 
 the building of the railroad it was the scene of many of the merry old stirring 
 times of coaching and teaming days. The town was founded by John and 
 William Orr, in 1833, and named Southampton, but in 1835 application for a 
 postoffice in the place was made and the department demurred to the name as 
 there was already a postoffice in the State by that name. The Hon. George 
 Chambers was then in Congress, and the matter being referred to him he gave 
 it the name of Orrstown. It was incorporated as a borough in 1847; has a 
 population of about 400. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — The Orrstown Presbyterian Church is within the 
 geographical linaits of Middle Spring Church, of which it is a preaching 
 point. During the incumbency of Eev. John Moody, D. D. , as pastor at the 
 latter place, the Presbyterian and Eeformed people of Orrstown united in 
 building a house of worship, Messrs. James B. Orr, Hugh Smith and Freder- 
 ick Stumbaugh being the building committee. During the ministry of Eev. 
 J. N. Hays, Mr. Moody's successor, the Eeformed element of the vicinity, 
 having been for a long time without a regular pastor, united almost unani- 
 mously with the Presbyterians. Mr. Hays was succeeded by Eevs. Eichard- 
 son and Wylie, the latter being the present pastor. 
 
 Lutheran Church. — This church has been organized since 1827, Eev. Nich- 
 olas Strohin charge until 1840, Eev. David Smith until 1843, -Eev. I. Will- 
 iams until 1848, Adam Height until 1850, Eev. C. F. Kunkel until 1854, Eev. 
 I. Welfley until 1858, Eev. C. A. Gelwix until 1860, Eev. M. Snyder until 
 1866, Eev. E. Dutt until 1869, Eev. Shirtz until 1872, Eev. I. E. Honeycutt 
 unta 1876, Eev. D. M. Blackwelder until 1877, Eev. I. Kistler until 1884, 
 when Eev. G. M. Ehodes, the present pastor, took charge- 
 
 United Brethren. — Orrstown United Brethren Church is the principal church 
 in the charge of that name, which includes three other organizations at Stras- 
 burg, Center and Mongul, respectively. The church building was erected in 
 1856, during the pastorate of Eev. Thomas Hallowell, but a class had been 
 formed some years previously by Eev. John Dixon. Jacob Mohler, William 
 Orr, Sr., and — — Bear constituted the first board of trustees. Eevs. J. C. 
 Smith, Samuel Enterline, Isaiah Baltzell (the well known music composer), 
 James M. Bishop, Solomon Bigham, J. P. Anthony, J. T. Lower, William 
 Dixon and H. A. Shearer were successively pastors for a period of twenty-five 
 years. The present incumbent is Eev. N. A. Kerecoff; estimated value of 
 church property, $2,000; present membership, sixty-two. 
 
 Church of God. — Bethel Church, Church of God (Winebrennerian), is at 
 present without a regular pastor, and we are unable to present any statistics. 
 
 VILIiAQES. 
 
 Mongul is a hamlet on the Conodoguinet, in the west part of the township. 
 Southampton is a new station on the Baltimore & Cumberland Valley Eail- 
 road. It is the second efPort to name a town in this township by that name. 
 
596 
 
 HISTOBY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 FEANKLIN— 1784.* 
 
 This small township embraced only the town plat of Chambersburg and 
 seven tracts of land adjacent thereto, containing about 1,150 acres. The 
 borough was erected in 1803. The growth of the borough continued and 
 eventually took in all of the territory of Franklin Township. Thus the 
 township became extinct. This oqcurred about 1837— at least the name of 
 the township appears upon the court records up to that date, when all fui-ther 
 mention of it ceases. The account, therefore, of early settlers of the township 
 appears in the history of Chambersburg, Chapter XIX. 
 
 LIST or TAXABLES 1786. 
 
 The list of taxables, 1786, in Franklin Township, which then embodied a 
 portion of the town of Chambersburg and some other tracts of land adjoin- 
 ing, was: 
 
 John McConkey. 
 Wm. Morrow. 
 Michael McNulty. 
 Sam'l McCleland. 
 Thos. Murry. 
 Daniel McGregor. 
 Thos. McClelon. 
 Thos. McKeen. 
 John Noel. 
 
 Joseph Allison. 
 George Albert. 
 John Alexander. 
 Owen Aston. 
 Walter Beaty. 
 Fred'k Bainor. 
 Moses Barnet. 
 John Baxter. 
 John Brown. 
 John Boggs. 
 Rob't Bo3'd. 
 John Burns Black. 
 Moses Blackburn. 
 Hugh Bigham. 
 John Clark. 
 Philip Crist. 
 John Colhoon. 
 Patrick Campbell. 
 
 Ludwick Crauft. 
 Dr. George Clingan. 
 James Chambers. 
 John Crouse. 
 Wm. Davis. 
 Alex. Duncan. 
 George Dewalt. 
 John Dixon. 
 Peter Eaby 
 
 Rev. Christ'r Favour. Christian Oyster. 
 
 Edward Fitzgarald 
 Thomas Fergison. 
 Hugh Gibbs. 
 George Grisinger. 
 Samuel Galbreath. 
 Henry Greenwalt. 
 John Jack. 
 Christian Kingrey. 
 
 Edw'd Crawford, Esq.Phllip Knopp. 
 
 Ruhamah Colhoon. 
 George Chambers. 
 W. Chambers. 
 Benj. Chambers. 
 Joseph Chambers. 
 Wm. Camion. 
 Wm. Cowen. 
 John Caldwell. 
 
 John Kirkpatrick. 
 John Kerr. 
 Henry Loutzahiser. 
 Michael Lightner. 
 Henry Molwich. 
 Archibald McAfee. 
 Daniel McClintock. 
 John Martin. 
 
 Fred'k Bettinger. 
 Fred'k Benhart. 
 Patrick Campble. 
 Sam'l Colhoon. 
 Thos. Clark. 
 James Corrance. 
 Michael Carver. 
 James Colgan. 
 Edward Cramer. 
 John Devabough. 
 Andrew Dunlap, 
 John Flatcher. 
 Rich'd Henderson, 
 John Hamel. 
 
 Wm. Hailey. 
 George Hood. 
 Henry Houfman. 
 Wm. Johnston. 
 John Johnston. 
 Wm. Kenneday. 
 Benjamin Kurtz. 
 James Lindsay. 
 John Mclntyre. 
 Hugh McClelon. 
 Esq.James McClelon. 
 Joseph McClelen. 
 James McConkey. 
 Peter Millar. 
 
 S. Purvlnes. 
 John Plumer. 
 Wm. Richison. 
 John Raynolds, Esq. 
 John Reed. 
 Stephen Rigler. 
 Archibald Reed. 
 Hugh Reed. 
 Wm. Stinson. 
 Robert Shields. 
 Michael Sissler. 
 George Shellitoe. 
 David Shots. 
 Daniel Smith. 
 Sam'l Snodgress., 
 Jacob Sigler. 
 Moses Swan. 
 
 FREEMEN. 
 
 James Morrow. 
 Matthew McCowan. 
 Martin Moody. 
 Peter Miller. 
 Fred'k Pleacher. 
 James Peoples. 
 Wm. Richardson. 
 Stephen Rigler. 
 James Riddle, Esq. 
 Fred'k Reed. 
 James Smith. 
 Daniel Smith. 
 Wm. Smith. 
 
 Matthias Sitler. 
 Wm. Shannon. 
 Thos. Shannon. 
 Wm. Smith. 
 Nich. Snider. 
 Benj. Swain. 
 John Scott. 
 John Shiitts. 
 Zachariah Sugars. 
 Jacob Shotts. 
 Peter Shields. 
 George Siglar. 
 Dr. Abraham Senseny. 
 Alex. Stuart. 
 James Stuart. 
 Elizabeth Thompson. 
 Michael Trout. 
 Wm. Thorn. 
 Jer. Tolbert (Talbott). 
 Conrad Waggoner. 
 Christian Wimer. 
 Wm. Wallace. 
 John Watts. 
 James Welch. 
 George Wills. 
 Conrad Washinborger. 
 
 Dr. Alex. Stuart. 
 Dr. Sam'l Smith. 
 Robert Snodgress. 
 Thomas Stevenson. 
 Jacob Santmlre. 
 Jacob Stillinger. 
 Filsom Sadler. 
 John Steel. 
 
 Ross Thompson, Esq. 
 Sam'l Thompson. 
 George Trout. 
 Wm. Tennant. 
 Philip Trout. 
 
 GREENE— 1788. 
 The records of the court creating this township are not accessible. But other 
 records show that by that name it held an ele ction in the year above indicated. 
 
 *For Borough of Chambersburg, see page 461. 
 
GBEENE TOWNSHIP. 597 
 
 It was named in honor of Gen. Greene. The early settlers were the Arm- 
 strongs, Thomsons, Eamages, Stewarts, Gulbertsons, Maclays, Hendersons, 
 Cresswills, Bittingers, Fergusons, Bairds, Johnsons. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Culbertson's Row was a settlement, merely of farmers, that became as 
 well-known as any place in the county. Joseph and Eobert Culbertson.. broth- 
 ers, took up land here in 1744; Alex. Culbertson, in 1749; Alexander Cul- 
 bertson, in 1753; Samuel Culbertson, in 1787. The latter became in early 
 times one of the most prominent and influential citizens in the county. He 
 had an important command in the Revolutionary war, being connected with 
 the "Flying Camp." He died April 17, 1817. 
 
 Col. Samuel Culbertson built a large house on the top of the hill in 1780. 
 It overlooked the valley below for miles; the house is still standing. He 
 improved a farm of 460 acres on the ' ' old Loudon road, ' ' which was built by 
 Col. Burd in 1755, for the purpose of reinforcing Braddock. His neighbor, Capt. 
 Eobert C. Culbertson, lived just below at the big spring that sends its peren- 
 nial stream down through the Eow, which has turned many a wheel in its time. 
 John Herron lived on "Herron's Branch." Here Francis Herron, now of 
 Pittsburgh, was bom. Over beyond the branch was Daniel Nevin, grandfather 
 of the late Dr. Jphn W. Nevin, who kept the Eagle Hotel and was "mine 
 host ' ' for George Washington on his trip here in 1794. Capt. Eobert C. 
 Culbertson reared a large and respectable family. Just below his mother's resi- 
 dence was the elegant stone mansion of Col. Joseph C. Culbertson, which was 
 burned while the family were at church. It is said that Joseph and Samuel 
 resembled each other so much that one had to wear his hat half and the other 
 full cocked in order to be distinguished by their neighbors. 
 
 EAELY LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 The other early land entries in the township were as follows: 
 
 William Breckenridge, September 3, 1765. Neighbors: Samuel Gabby, 
 James Henderson's heirs, James Fulton, William Beard, John Wilson, Alex. 
 Eennox, Ebenezer Wade. 
 
 James Stewart (in right of Eobert Armstrong), N6vember 1, 1748. Neigh- 
 bors: D. McCreight, Alexander McConnell, J. Eobinson, John Cam, Eobert 
 Culbertson, James Sharp. 
 
 John Eamage, September 14, 1751. Neighbors: Joseph Shirk, Addm Burk- 
 holder, James Stewart, Barnard Lutz. 
 
 John Gibson, June 29, 1750. Neighbors: James Elliott, Eichard Venable, 
 Eichard Peters, Hugh McKean. 
 
 WOliam Anderson, May 24, 1753. Neighbors: Joseph Lindsay, Mat. Sharp, 
 Wm. Dunlop, Sam'l Ehea, S. Nicholson, John Caruthers, James Sharp, Eeu- 
 ben Gillespie. 
 
 Baltazer Loar (in right of Laird Bums). Neighbors: Eichard Mitchell, 
 Eichard Venable, Eobert Jacks, William Beard, George Crouse. 
 
 James Finley (in right of Alex. Mitchell), February 6, 1755. Neighbors: 
 Adam Burkholder, James Finley, James Stewart. 
 
 Eichard Venable, February 20, 1754. Neighbors: Josiah Crawford, Eobert 
 Ury, Eobert Scott, Martin Winger, Laird Bums. 
 
 [The taxables in the township in 1786, are given in the list of Letterkenny 
 Township.] 
 
598 HisTOEr OF feanklin county. 
 
 EABLT EEMINISCENCES. 
 
 The first bridge in the township was built over a creek, a shoi-t distance 
 from this place, in 1793. The first constable was John Ettchie. Albert Tor- 
 rence and Martin Wenzer were the first supervisors m 1778, and Adam Burk- 
 holder was overseer of the poor. John Jacobs was keeping a public house in 
 GreenviUage in 1806. The oldest house standing in the township is the "old 
 Smith house," now occupied by Samuel Gillet. It was built in 1755. It is a 
 quaint, old, hewn log, one and a half story, with a porch in front. The first 
 schoolhouse was on this farm and near the old Smith house. Here the John- 
 stons, Griers, Culbertsons, Crawfords and Smiths attended, during the 
 Revoiutionary times. It stood until 1840, when the school was moved to 
 GreenviUage. Above the village and near the present schoolhouse was another 
 old log sc1k)o1 building; this was converted into a dwelling in 1840. Here the 
 Immells, the Lutzes, Hetichs and Myerses attended. 
 
 John Johnston settled in 1794 on the old colonial road near GreenviUage. 
 He was a man widely respected and prominent in the aflfairs of the county. 
 Thomas Grier, another man of note, was his neighbor. John Ferguson lived 
 above Scotland, on the creek; John Finley, on the Loudon road; Thomas 
 Beard, near Cheesetown. 
 
 GREENVILLAGES. 
 
 This place was founded in 1793, by Samuel Nicholson. The first set- 
 tlement in the township was made by Robert Armstrong and others. Arm- 
 strong purchased of the proprietaries, November 2, 1748, the propertjr now the 
 Clark, Immell and WaUace farm. He sold to Isaiah Ramage in 1771; he to 
 Joseph McCoy; he to James Stewart and he to Reuben Gillespie, and finally a 
 portion of it was bought by Samuel Nicholson, who afterward laid out the 
 town. The first house in the place was built by Jonathan Hirst. This house 
 stood at the corner of Scott and Pine road until 1844. The old McNally 
 tavern was bmlt by Peter Kehl. Mat. Oyster put up the old house now owned 
 by Robert Culbertson. John Canen, John McClintock and John Jacobs all 
 purchased property in the village. 
 
 Mathew Duncan bought land of Jonathan Hirst and settled in the village 
 in 1801. John Jacobs bought the tavern of George Yeats in 1802. John 
 Carver built the old John Nave house, on the corner of the Diamond, in 1796. 
 The old Hetich MUl was built by P. Immell. Archibald Thomson built the 
 Scotland MiU. 
 
 The Mennonites in the colonial days attended church in the upper room of 
 the old Shirk house, lately torn down; sometimes they had services at Rev. 
 Daniel Lehman's, in the house now occupied by Mrs. David Hurst. Their 
 preachers were Revs. Daniel Lehman, Jr., John Rohrer and Martin Auger. 
 The old meeting-house was built near the site of their present one in 1804. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Society in GreenviUage built their first log church 
 in 1827. The chief supporters were James Magaw, Wesley Howe and Thomas 
 Cookson. Among the congregation is now remembered James Magaw and 
 wife. Rev. Wesley Howe, Clurranna Clayton, Isaac Hull, Benjamin Farver, 
 Susan Harris, Mary Early, William Baker, John Keneagy, Henry Kunis, 
 Joseph Sells, Jeremiah Foltz, George Glass, Robert Mahan, Jacob Sells, Jr., 
 Joseph Sells, Sara Ann Sells, Peter Sells, John Eagle, Jacob Eagle, Jacob 
 Imm ell, Ann Immell. These were mostly attendants, with their wives 
 and children. Of them are now living: Jane Mahan, Hannah Glass, John 
 Ditzlear, Mrs. John Lindsay and J. E. Magaw. The latter was the first 
 sexton, but was called "the boy who makes fires and snuffs the candles." In 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 599 
 
 a recent letter he says that he remembers ministers who had charge of this 
 church as follows: Kevs. Jacob R. Shepherd, Thomas McGee, John Bowen, 
 John C. Lyon, John O. Poisal, Thomas Monroe, Jacob Doup, Joseph Spriggs. 
 
 The present brick church building was erected in 1873; is 35x55 feet. 
 Rev. S. A. Creveling is the present pastor. 
 
 W. C. T. U. was organized September 24, 1879. The first officers were Mrs. 
 Fanny B. Reilly, president; Mrs. Evaline Hawk, vice-president; Misses Lydia 
 Maelay and Mary Kendall, recording secretaries; Miss Emma McClure, treas- 
 urer; Miss Edith Zimbro, corresponding secretary. The only change in the offi- 
 cers is Miss M. E. Wallace, who is now corresponding secretary. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 Scotland is on the Conococheague Creek, five miles northeast of Chambers- 
 burg and a short distance south of Scotland Station on the railroad. It has 
 two churches — United Brethren and Covenanters — a grist-mill, saw-mill and 
 planing-mill and a population between 200 and 300. 
 
 • The place was first settled by the Thomsons and Torrences. An old sickle 
 factory was in operation there many years ago, which stood between grist and 
 saw-mills. The Scotch Covenanters in early days built the old stone meeting- 
 house. 
 
 Alexander Thomson came from Scotland in 1772 and purchased the place 
 now the property of S. Garver. The Thomsons were a large family. Mr. 
 Garver says, when he came to the place in 1832, there were but few families in 
 the region. The grist-mill and saw-mill were then owned by David Snively, 
 who afterward sold to Fredrick Roemer, who was miller and merchant there 
 many years; he was followed by J. Sleighter and others. The blacksmith 
 shop was run by Jacob Bittinger; then Mr. Snoke was the village blacksmith; 
 he was followed by Robert Mahan. The other houses than those above, were 
 a small log house where H. Bitner now lives, one on the opposite corner fi'om 
 P. Rows, a small house at the church, one where Mrs. Mcllroy now lives and 
 one occupied by Andrew Thomson. Robert Oriswell owned the Oyler 
 farm; it then embraced the Stewart farm. At that time the place was known 
 as "Locust Grove Mills." 
 
 J'fte Covenanter or Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland has existed as 
 a regularly constituted organization since August 17, 1791, when " a number 
 of persons wishing to adhere to Reformation attainments did constitute them- 
 selves into a social capacity and entered into the following resolutions. 1. It 
 was resolved that two societies for prayer and Christian conference be erected, 
 to meet at such convenient times and places as each society shall from time to 
 time agree uppn, and that a general meeting be held in this place on the third 
 Wednesday in October next. ' ' It was decided that members should be received 
 upon presentation of certificates from societies with which they had formerly 
 been connected, or of a " character ' ' from reputable neighbors. This was not, 
 however, the beginning of history with the Covenanters. Although the great 
 mass of the Irish who settled west of the Susquehanna between 1730 and 1750 
 had been reared in connection with the synod of Ulster, there were to be found, 
 in numerous but isolated localities, families whose religious preferences by 
 birth and education were with the Covenanters, and who could not, therefore, 
 affiliate with the Presbyterianism around them. They met together upon the 
 Sabbath in each other's houses for social worship, applying to their unfortu- 
 nate circumstances the scriptural promise regarding " two or three." Their 
 patience and constancy in thus maintaining a distinctive existence without an 
 ordained minister were finally rewarded by the arrival of Rev. John Cuthbertson, 
 
 32 
 
600 HISTORY OF FKANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 who landed at New Castle, Del., August 5, 1751. He immediately began the 
 exploration of a missionary field to which there were no bounds, nor was there 
 any opposition. For more than a score of years he traveled over a circuit 
 embracing the whole of southeastern Pennsylvania and adjacent portions of 
 neighboring States. The ecclesiastical union of 1782 obliterated the distinction 
 between Presbyterian and Covenanter, where both were represented by strong 
 and well organized bodies; but the isolated societies of the latter in the Cum- 
 berland Valley did not thus easily permit their denominational characteristics 
 to be absorbed and modified by the fusion thus planned and executed. They 
 regarded the covenant of their ancestors as still binding, and clung tenaciously 
 to the faith and practice of the original followers of Cameron and Cargill. In 
 that short period of comparative quiet which followed the close of the French 
 and Indian war, the tide of immigration broiTght many of their faith to the re- 
 gion west of the Susquehanna, and among others one who was destined to 
 wield a wide influence in their councils, and contribute more to their subse- 
 quent history than any other individual of his generation. This man was Al- 
 exander Thomson. Sailing with his family from Greenock, Scotland, in July, 
 1771, he arrived at Boston, September 10 following. A Scotch colony was 
 being planned at this time for Caledonia County, Vt. , while numerous others of 
 that nationality were settling in the Carolinas. He considered the incipient 
 settlements of the valley of Kittatinny the most inviting locality, and removed 
 thither in 1773, purchasing 500 acres of land, embracing the site of the village 
 of Scotland. He was an active and prominent supporter of the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church, and his house at once became the religious center of a 
 wide area of country. Here, in September, 1795, a general meeting was held 
 at which measures were taken to render the organization of four years previous 
 more effective. The following persons, representing the different societies, were 
 present and participated in the deliberations : William Galbraith, John White, 
 John Renfrew, William Guthrie, John Walker, John Steel, James Shireman, 
 Alexander Thomson, William Coder, Robert Davidson, Anthony Burns, 
 Thomas Duncan, John Guthrie, Thomas Castor, William McCrea, William 
 
 Speer, John B and David B . The most important action taken was 
 
 the recognition of eight individual societies, known, from their respective 
 locations, as follows : Greene and Southampton, Guilford, Greencastle, Mer- 
 cersburg, Strasburg, Waynesburg, Hamilton and Newton. West Pennsboro, 
 Big Spring, Shippensburg and Roxboro were added to this number before the 
 close of the century. 
 
 A person acquainted with the location of these places can readily conceive 
 of the wide geographical limits of the present sociefy. The sacrament was ad- 
 ministered regularly three or four times a year, on which occasions those who 
 wished to commune could do so only upon the presentation of a " token ' ' to one 
 of the ruling elders. Days of fasting and humiliation, as well as of thanksgiv- 
 ing, were regularly and rigorously observed. It is hardly necessary to state 
 that the Covenanter Church of to-day has receded from this position in regard 
 to fast days as held in 1792. And yet, at this time, there is frequent mention 
 of the dissatisfaction among them with the constitution of the United States. 
 Members of the church were not permitted to hold ofiace, either civil or military, 
 as this was regarded as sanctioning a government which sanctioned slavery, 
 and did not require, as a qualification for office, religious convictions and pro- 
 fessions. But they were stanch patriots, and furnished many brave soldiers to 
 the various wars since the French and Indian troubles; many of them, however, 
 were true to theu- church as well as their country, and shouldered tiie musket 
 without taking the oath of allegiance. Their own society was democratic in 
 
GEEENE TOWNSHIP. 601 
 
 the extreme; when officers were elected or measures considered involving a 
 division of sentiment, the votes of the younger members were taken first, that 
 they might not be influenced by the example of older and influential persons. 
 To such an extent was this carried that the youth were sometimes blind- 
 folded in order to be sure they were not unduly influenced. Their delibera- 
 tions were characterized by a dignity and decorum indicative of a high order of 
 intelligence. Their discipline was rigorous and exclusive. Robert Lusk was 
 ordained and installed as pastor of the ' ' Conococheague congregation ' ' in 1816, 
 preaching " one-fourth of his time in Newville and Walnut Bottom; one- fourth 
 in Shippensburg; one-fourth in Greene Township, and the remaining fourth in 
 the Lurgan and Waynesburg society; and days for other places to be taken out 
 of the whole as occasion may serve. ' ' Rev. Samuel W. Crawford succeeded 
 him in 1824, Thomas Hammy in 1842, and Joshua Kennedy in 1845; since the 
 resignation of the latter, in 1860, there has been no regular pastor, and the 
 membership may be numbered among two or three families in the vicinity of 
 Scotland , and Fayetteville. The church buildings at these places were erected 
 in 1825 and 1840, respectively. There was also a place of worship at Green- 
 wood, erected in 1829. The meetings at Scotland were held in a tent for many 
 years. Prior to Mr. Lusk's pastorate, there were a number of supplies — 
 Revs. James Reid (1788-89), David Scott, James R. Wilson, William L. Rob- 
 erta, J. McLeod Wilson and Moses Roney. 
 
 The Scotland United Brethren Church was first organized about the year 
 1870, when the Rev. Wm. Lackey, who had served as pastor on the Rocky 
 Spring charge, began a protracted meeting in the Scotland sehoolhouse. At 
 this meeting quite a large number made a profession of faith, many of whom 
 connected themselves with this branch of the Christian Church at that time. 
 Rev. Geo. Beatty followed Rev. Lackey as pastor in 1873, and served this con- 
 gregation for two years, during which time the congregation was enlarging, 
 and it was found necessary to construct a church, which was built and dedicated 
 in November, 1874, Bishop David Edwards officiating. The church building 
 is of brick, 33x55 feet, with a seating capacity of 350, costing $3,500. 
 
 The follovring ministers served this congregation at the different periods : 
 Revs. Geo. Beatty, 1873-75; Jacob S. Wertz, 1875-76; Wm. A. Dixon, 1876- 
 78; D. R. Burkholder, 1878-82; D. W. SoUenberger, 1882-83; B. G. Huber, 
 1883-84; H. A. Schlichter, 1884-85; Wm. A. Wagner, 1885-87. The fol- 
 lowing named persons and their families were among the principal members at 
 its organization: A. P. Oyler, Jos. Keller, J. Wesley Dunmire, Daniel Shoe- 
 maker, George Smee, Isaac Worthington and Barbara Schlichter. The mem- 
 bership (1887) numbers about ninety-nine communicants. 
 
 FAYETTEVILLE. 
 
 In early times Edward Crawford' owned a large tract of land just south of 
 where the village of FayetteviUe stands. In 1768 the people petitioned the court 
 for a road from James Campbell's, near Loudon, through Chambersburg to 
 Black's Gap. Edward Crawford, Josiah Cook, George Brown, William Mc- 
 Brier, Wm. HoUiday and Nathaniel McDowell were appointed viewers, who 
 reported at the January term, 1772, in favor of the road. Its general route 
 was nearly the same as the present turnpike. Samuel Beightal bought of the 
 Penns the property now the "Renfrew Mill" estate. In 1810 David Eby 
 built several dwellings, the Merchand Mill and the saw-mill, and the place was 
 then called "Milton's Mills." In 1824 a sehoolhouse was built. In 1826, 
 John and Benjamin Darby bought the entire property from the Chambersburg 
 Bank. Shortly after, the Darbys laid off the town into lots — all lots fronting 
 
502 HISTOBY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 on the turnpike, and they put up some additional houses. The ' ' arcade ' ' was 
 built by John Darby, Jacob Koontz and Miss Whitmore. 
 
 About this time application was made for a postoffice m the place. Objec- 
 tion was made to the name in the postoffice department and it was changed 
 to Fayetteville, in honor of Gen. LaFayette. .„ , . 
 
 (FindlayviUe, situated originally about half a mile from Fayetteville, but 
 now incorporated into it, was laid out by Col. John Findlay, in 1830. It is 
 all now Fayetteville). The town has a population of about 700, five churches- 
 Presbyterian (the old brick church), Methodist, Eeformed, Baptist, United 
 Brethren, Covenanter and Lutheran— five general stores, three grocery stores, 
 two grist-mills and a large saw-mill. 
 
 Fayetteville Academy.— Rey. Joshua Kennedy, pastor of the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church opened a select school for both sexes, in a log school- 
 house, in the spring of 1852, assisted by Prof. W. Witherow, a teacher of 
 known merit. The school met with such success that, on the 1st of Septem- 
 ber the same year, he opened a fall term in a new building which had been 
 erected for that purpose. It was then named the " Fayetteville Academy and 
 Seminary." At the close of the first year the female department was suspended 
 for a time, until . a large and commodious building was built on the same 
 ground by a company of stockholders. This school was conducted success- 
 fully until 1860, when Mr. Kennedy left and the school was discontinued. The 
 building was sold and is now a private residence. 
 
 Churches. — ^About the center of Fayetteville stands a brick building, ap- 
 parently thirty-five or forty feet square, fronting toward the turnpike, and 
 enclosed within an area of sod of spontaneous and uncultivated growth. The 
 style of architecture is severely plain, and plainly indicates the subordination 
 of the beautiful to the useful. Two doors in front indicate that the usage of 
 the worshiper is not favorable to promiscuous seating. There are in reality four 
 doors, two at each entrance, with quaint, old-fashioned, transverse paneling. 
 The dignified appearance of the front is increased by the height of the brick 
 wall, which reaches to the apex of the roof with step-like graduation on either 
 side. Three locust trees on the area between the church and public road, 
 reveal as yet but little evidence of the ravages of time, and bid fair to outlast 
 the simple structure beneath the shade of their spreading branches. The 
 religious associations of a large proportion of the church -going element of 
 the surrounding community are intimately connected with this humble edifice. 
 Sometime in the decade preceding the middle of this century, before Fayette- 
 ville had been ushered into existence, and when the population at the foot of 
 South Mountain, on the main road from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, enjoyed 
 neither church nor school privileges, a . public-spirited citizen of honored 
 memory set apart a tract of land embracing about one acre, and placed it at 
 the disposal of the community for religious and educational purposes. His 
 views were liberal and even cosmopolitan; it was provided that no individual 
 denomination should ever own it exclusively, and that no evangelical minister 
 should be debarred from the use of any building erected thereon, the prefer- 
 ence in every case, however, being with those denominational organizations 
 which should assist in its erection. These were the Presbyterian, Eeformed 
 and Methodist Episcopal. The first church building was a schoolhouse, which 
 assertion may appear .paradoxical, but is nevertheless true, and vice versa. 
 It V - lituated in the lower end of the lot, near the old saw-mill. Here, 
 among ethers whose names are lost to history, the Rev. E. V. Gearhart, D. D. 
 (now president of Franklin and Marshall College), began his honorable career 
 as a preacher. He collected the scattered membership of the Reformed Church, 
 
GBEENE TOWNSHIP. 603 
 
 formed an organization, and exerted a wide influence, not circumscribed by 
 denominational prejudices or affiliations. He was succeeded, though not im- 
 mediately perhaps, by Rev. Franklin Kramer, imder whose administration the 
 Reformed Church reached the zenith of its prosperity. His successors, among 
 
 others, include the following named clergymen: Miller, William J. C. 
 
 Rodrock, W. R. H. Deatrich, Wilson, Dr. D. Y. Heisler, H. I. Comfort, 
 
 Cyrus Cort, W. H. Hubbard, Ermentrout, Charles G. Fisher, 
 
 Keifer and P. Allison Long, the present incumbent of the pastoral functions. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church antedates the erection of the present union 
 house of worship. It forms part of Greenvillage Circuit, of which Rev. S. A. 
 Creveling is preacher in charge. The present membership is about 100. Of 
 the Presbyterian pastors none are more widely and favorably known than Rev. 
 James F. Kennedy, D. D. Mr. Kennedy preached here in 1847-48, being 
 then a licentiate of the presbytery of Carlisle. He resigned in 1848 to accept 
 a call to Berwick, Penn. He returned to Chambersburg in 1851, and sup- 
 plied this church in connection with his duties as principal of Chambers- 
 burg Academy, and continued to preach at intervals during his subsequent con- 
 nection with that institution. Although deprived of his sight for many years, 
 he has not relinquished the labors thus begun. Robert Black, Benjamin 
 Black and Perry Boggs constitute the present session. 
 
 St. Paul's Evangelical English Lutheran Church was organized in the 
 primitive schoolhouse above alluded to. The erection of a church building was 
 at once agitated, and although the pastor resigned before it was finished, 
 Messrs. Peter Baker, Jacob Reichard, Joseph Stall, George Colby and others 
 pushed the work to completion, and called Rev. Kunkel to be their pas- 
 tor. He accepted. Revs. Williams, Focht, Wittichen, Sill, McHenry, Mil- 
 ler, Shertz and Lentz have successively been pastors, the last named clergy- 
 man having entered upon his duties March 1, 1887. A second church build- 
 ing was erected in 1882, at a cost of $3, 500. It is a brick structure, of ample 
 dimensions, with tower and bell. The membership is 100. 
 
 The United Brethren Church building is situated upon the principal street of 
 the village. It is a substantial frame structure, erected within comparatively 
 recent years. The present pastor is Rev. Quigley, who resides in Funks- 
 town. Yankey's camp-meeting, famous in its day for miles around, was con- 
 ducted under the auspices of this denomination. 
 
 There is also a Baptist Church building, but only a few remains of a once 
 large membership. 
 
 The Covenanter Church at this place forms part of an organization which 
 centered at Scotland, and of which an extended account appears in connection 
 with that place. 
 
 Societies. — Flourishing societies are seldom found in other than concentrated 
 communities, but Fayetteville is a remarkable exception to this general rule. 
 The fraternities represented here are the K. of P. and G. A. R. The meet- 
 ings of both are held in a building erected about twenty years since for use as a 
 public hall. The revenue from this source proving inadequate, it was leased 
 for a term of years by the K. of P. local organization, and sublet to the G. A. 
 R. The lodge room is commodious and handsomely furnished. 
 
 Caledonia Lodge, No. 235, K. of P., was instituted February 11, 1870, 
 with fourteen members, of whom but two, John M. Baxter and Andrew Heint- 
 zelman, are yet connected with it. The present membership is 106, and the 
 treasurer has in his hands at this time a reserve fund of $3,000. This is the 
 most prosperous K. of P. organization in this section of the State. 
 
 Stevens Post, No. 317, G. A. R. , was organized April 3, 1883, with the 
 
604 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 following members: Milton Crawford, D. B. Greenewalt, John H. Crawford, 
 J. B. White, Samuel Mowers, John Lego, Allison F. Kohler, D. E. Stoner, 
 W. N. Horner, Joseph Corel, D. B. Dunkinson, John H. Kohler, Eobert Mc- 
 Laughliij, Adam Newman, George W. Harmon, Abram Ritter, George W. 
 Henderson, Joseph Saylor, John D. Boggs, J. D. Vanlear, Robert L. Myers, 
 H. L. Hepfer, John Stoner and H. S. Myers. The present membership 
 is sixty. The post has been especially active in providing for the wants 
 of indigent comrades and their families. At the present time (March, 1887) 
 a fair is in progress with good prospects of a large contingent fund being real- 
 ized. 
 
 black's gap. 
 Black's Gap is the proper name of what was sometimes called "Green- 
 wood." It is on the old Chambersbui'g and Gettysburg turnpike. Its 
 name properly tells what it is — a gap or crossing in the mountain range. It 
 is at the entrance of the South Mountain Crossing. Black's Gap road was 
 laid out in 1750. Black's Gap tavern was a noted place in the last century. 
 Robert Black settled there at an early day. The first improvement in the vil- 
 lage was made in 1844, by Conrad Brown. 
 
 SMOKETOWN. 
 
 This is a small hamlet two and a half miles south of Scotland, containing 
 only a few houses. 
 
 METAL— 1795. 
 
 The east boundary line of this township is Kittatinny Mountain and 
 the west boundary Tuscarora Mountain. Its territory was taken from the 
 south end of Fannett township. Its general topography is mountainous, but 
 the narrow valley running its entire length has some excellent soil. Its great 
 wealth lies in the minerals it contains. It was to express this in a manner 
 that the name "Metal" was given it. The early settlers were Scotch-Irish, 
 and were strong in . the Calvinistic faith. 
 
 EAHLY LAND ENTBIES. 
 
 Among the earliest land purchasers are the following: 
 
 George Brown, June 7, 1763. 
 
 Allen Brown, August 12, 1765. Neighbors: Rowland Harris, Benjamin 
 Chambers, Noah Abraham. [Surveyor' s note, "Barren Mountains."] 
 
 John Blair, August 20, 1765. Owned adjoining: John Clark, Robert Wil- 
 son, Alex. Lowry, John Elliott, William Allison, Col. Benj. Chambers. 
 
 James Brotherton, August 26, 1766. 
 
 John Clark, April 29, 1767. Adjoining: Francis Elliott. 
 
 David Brown, March 19, 1767. Neighbors: Allen Brown, John Potts, 
 John Lukens. 
 
 Alexander Lowry, February 3, 1755. Neighbors: John Blair's heirs, 
 John Sands, John Elliott. 
 
 Rowland Harris, June 5, 1762. Neighbors: Andrew Thompson, Ben- 
 jamm Chambers. 
 
 S eer""^' Harvey, February 3, 1768. Neighbors: Philip Maguire, Joseph 
 
 Francis McConnell, September 15, 1766. Neighbors: James Elliott, 
 Alexander McConnell. 
 
 John McConnell, September 15, 1766. Neighbors: Francis ElUott, 
 francis McConnell, Alexander McConnell. 
 
METAL TOWNSHIP. 605 
 
 Alexander McConnell, September 15, 1766. 
 
 Edward Ripple, September, 1767. Neighbor: Noah Abraham. 
 
 William Wilson, March 7, 1703. Neighbors: John Potts, Jas. Moore. 
 
 William Maday, May 0, 1703. 
 
 John McDowell, May 12, 1763. 
 
 Samuel, James and Robert Walker, sons of Alexander Walker, April 29, 
 1763. Neighbors: William Mclnty re, Alex. McConnell, Noah Abraham,. John. 
 Clark. 
 
 Robert Watson, June 15, 1767. 
 
 John Watson, June 15, 1767. 
 
 PEOMINENT FIRST SETTLERS. 
 
 The prominent first settlers were Capt. Noah Abraham, Alexander Walker,., 
 William Mclntire, Ai-chibald Elliott, Francis McConnell, Joseph Noble, Thos. 
 Clark, Patrick Davidson, James and William Harvey, Hugh McCurdy, James 
 McCurdy, Allen Brown, James Mackey, John Witherow, Robert MoGuire, 
 John Clark, Richard Childerstone. It is known that the above settled here prior 
 to 1777, and between that time and the end of the century came John Patter- 
 son, who built ii mill; JohnMcAUen, who built aflouring-millinPannettsburg; 
 Robert McMullin, John Plickinger, John Barclay, James Reynolds, Edward 
 Donn, James Carmer, Samuel Laird, Dr. McKeehen and others. 
 
 [The taxables in the township in 1786 are given in the list of Pannett 
 Township.] 
 
 FIRST JUSTICES OF PEACE. 
 
 The first now known to have been justice of the peace was W^illiam Mac- 
 lay. He was acting in 1804; elected to the State Legislature in 1807, and 
 afterward a member of Congress; was at one time associate judge of the county. 
 Archibald McCune was justice of the peace for many years. His old records 
 indicate that he was a good officer. James McCurdy and Richard Childerstone 
 also served as justices. 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Richmond (Richmond Furnace Postofflce) is at the termination of the Southern 
 Pennsylvania Railroad and Iron Company's Railway, four miles north of Lou- 
 don. It was formerly called " Mount Pleasant Furnace, " but is now called 
 "Richmond," after Richmond L. Jones, who was president of Iron Works 
 Company when the railroad was built. In addition to the iron works there 
 is a large warehouse and store. The place has a population of about fifty. 
 
 Fannettsburg was laid out in 1792 by Wm. Mclntire, a land owner of the 
 district. He advertised in a Chambersburg paper, dated September 28, 1792, 
 as follows: 
 
 A New Town. — Notice is hereby given that the subscriber, living in the Path Val- 
 ley, Franklin County, proposes about one hundred lots of ground for sale, to be laid out 
 in one street, along the State road from Conococheague Creek to ^vidiin a few perches of 
 the cross-road in said valley. The first day of November next, at lli • house of Wm. Brew- 
 ster, storekeeper, is the time and place appointed for the sale of lots aforesaid. 
 
 The lots had a frontage of six perches each and were to extend ten perches 
 back. The front lots brought £0, the back ones £3. The town soon grew up, 
 and a store, kept by William Brewster, and a distillery where the genuine- 
 "old rye" was made, were soon built. The distillery soon became an import- 
 ant feature, and the famous " Whisky Insurrection " found many supporters, 
 here. 
 
 The first settler was the " storekeeper, " William Brewster ; then William 
 
COG HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Maclay, Patrick Collins, John Kyle, John McAllen, John Witherow, Sr., A. 
 S. McCuno, Geo. McCulloch, George McKee, James Sweeny. 
 
 At a later date came John Witherow, carpenter, and for some time a jus- 
 tice of the peace, and then a member of the State General Assembly; David 
 Kyle, innkeeper and mail contractor; James Walker, tanner; John Campbell, 
 cabinet-maker and wheelwright, which business his son James carried on many 
 years; William Boggs, hatter; Edward Connell, blacksmith; Samuel Land, tai- 
 lor; John Noble, pump-maker; Edward Thompson, weaver; Eobert Eamsey, 
 saddler; William Maclay, innkeeper; William Anderson, tanner; Thomas 
 Campbell, hatter; James and William Brewster, merchants; David Fletcher 
 and William Dunkle, wagon-makers. 
 
 The old time merchants were William Brewster, Patrick Collins, Chambers 
 Anderson, Joseph and John Flickinger, and Pyne & Smiley, Kyle, Brewster & 
 Co. , Harris & Eamsey and J. E. Brewster. 
 
 The early physicians were Alexander McKeehan, John Grier, John Widney, 
 Dr. Ely. James Montgomery. More recent ones were Drs. Campbell, Alex- 
 andor and Zook. 
 
 Of the early innkeepers are now remembered John Kegerries, John Kyle, 
 John Potts, Chambers McKibben, John McAllen, William Anderson, William 
 Geddos, and, for a long time, the widow of Jacob Kegerries. 
 
 Before the toWn was laid out, a school was kept a mile and a half north. 
 The first teacher, supposed, was James Peoples, always known as ' ' Master 
 Peoples, ' ' then ' ' Master' ' Sturgis ; afterward, Thomas Snodgrass, Leander 
 Karr, Kobert Karr, John Lusk, John Brewster,, William A. Mackay. These 
 all kept the old style subscription schools. Select schools were taught by 
 Miss Eosanna Widney, Mrs. Eliza Dunn, Miss McKeehan, Eev. L. C. Wil- 
 liams and Eev. D. C. Eodneck. 
 
 The town has not grown much in the past few years. The present popu- 
 lation is about 300. It has three churches, Eeformed, Presbyterian and 
 Methodist. The Presbyterians have a new building which they completed in 
 1 885. Prior to this they had always attended their church which was built about 
 one mile north of the village. There are two dry goods stores, a steam tan- 
 nery, and other shops and establishments suitable to the trade of the sur- 
 rounding country. 
 
 CHDRCHES. 
 
 The Reformed Church was organized in 1844 by Eev. Jacob B. Shade; 
 Henry Wineiian, Sr., and Geo. Umbrell, Sr., were elected elders; George. 
 Farling, deacon. Among the first members were John and Mary A. Kegerries, 
 Barbara Flickinger, Eehanna Philips, Martha Philips, Jacob Kegerri'js, 
 Mathew Umbrell, Elizabeth Wood, Melchor Conrad, Catharine Welker, Henry 
 Walker, Abram Eosenberry, T. Barkley, John Steward, Eve Miller. Eev. 
 Aaron Warner was the pastor, succeeded by Eev. D. T. Heisler, then Eev. 
 Jacob Kt41or; then the present pastor, Eev. Jacob Hassler, came in charge. 
 
 Lower Path Valley Presbyterian Church.—On the 23d of April, 1766, a 
 deputation from Path Valley met the presbytery of Donegal in its session at 
 Middle Spring, Cumberland County, to secure a preaching supply. In response 
 Eev. Eobert Cooper, of Middle Spring, was appointed to preach at Path Valley 
 at will. This he did dui-ing the summer and reported results to presbytery at its 
 October session. In August, 1760, Eev. George Duffield also visited the region, 
 and preached to large congregations. This period, August, 1706, dates the 
 begmiimg of this congregation. After periodical supplies for nine years, a 
 regular pastor, Eev. Samuel Dougall, was chosen in October, 1775, for Upper 
 Tuscorora and Path Valley. A site for church and burial ground, two acres 
 
WARREN TOWNSHIP. 607 
 
 in all, was donated by Alexander Walker in 1769. (On Christmas day of that 
 year the first burial on these grounds occurred, that of Mr. Francis McConnell. ) 
 After some difficulty in locating the house of worship, the presbytery, through 
 one of its committeemen, Alexander Craighead, notified the contesting parties 
 of the purpose to arbitrate; but each faction continued to build its house. 
 
 The Lower Path Valley congregation in the spring of 1770 erected a log 
 structure twenty-four feet square and covered with clapboards. This building, 
 after an elapse of about twenty-four years, was replaced by a larger one. In 
 April, 1774, the presbytery decided that all the Presbyterians of the valley 
 should constitute one congregation with two places of worship under the same 
 pastoral care, to be equally divided. This union continued until 1851, when 
 a permanent division into Upper and Lower Path Valley was authorized. 
 
 Kev. Samuel Dougall, the first pastor, continued at bis post with an annual 
 salary of ' ' One hundred pounds and the quantity of one hundred bushels of 
 wheat," from the 11th of October, 1775, to the time of his death, October 4, 
 1790. 
 
 On the 9th of April, 1794, Eev. David Denny was installed, and continued 
 six years, when he was called to take charge of the Falling Spring congrega- 
 tion, Chambersburg. 
 
 After a vacancy of nearly three years, in October, 1802, a call was extended 
 to Eev. Amos A. McGinley, of Adams County. He was installed on the third 
 Sunday of Jime, 1803; during his long and successful pastorate, which ter- 
 minated in April, 1851, he solemnized 697 marriages, netting 13,303.25. Dur- 
 ing this period the ruling elders were David Walker, Wm. Maclay, Paul Ged- 
 des, John Campbell, James Walker, Joseph Brown, Alex. Walker, George 
 Elliott, Wm. Elliott, James Campbell, James Cree, Sr., James Cree, Jr., Wm. 
 Campbell and Daniel Brown. 
 
 After McGinley' s removal, the two departments of the congregation be- 
 came separate congregations, and Lower Path, in connection with Burnt Cab- 
 ins, employed Eev. L. W. Williams, in October, 1851, and continued him un- 
 til April, 1855. Eev. Watson Eussell was a supply from July, 1855, till 
 March, 1857. From November, 1857, Eev. J. Smith Gordon has occupied 
 the position of supply and pastor, and is still engaged in efficient service. 
 
 The present members of the sessions are Barnabas Wilhelm, Jacob Wil- 
 helm, John Parks, James M. Hill, Wm. E. Noble, Wm. S. Harris, John H. 
 Walker, Amos Devor and James B. Seibert. The present membership is about 
 160. The third edifice, a frame 48x52, was built in 1832. 
 
 Methodist Church. — The Methodist Church in Fannettsburg was built, 
 in 1840, on a lot donated for that purpose by John Noble, Sr. , to whom 
 the enterprise was largely indebted for its success. It is a plain weatherboard 
 building, and cost originally about |600. Three years ago it was repaired and 
 improved and is now quite a neat and comfortable place of worship. The 
 church was organized several years before the erection of their church build- 
 ing, and the congregation worshiped in the sohoolhouse until then. Among 
 their early . ministers were Eevs. Parker, Butler, Dyson, Deems, Creveling, 
 King, Stevens and others. The membership of the church has never been 
 large, and now numbers forty to fifty. Its present pastor is Eev. Wilhelm. 
 
 WAEEEN— 1798. 
 
 Warren is in the southwest corner of the county, and the smallest in size and 
 population. Before the Mason & Dixon line was established, the southern 
 part of it was supposed to belong to Lord Baltimore— or to be in Maryland. 
 
608 HISTOEY OF FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The Marylanders could more readily follow up Cove Creek, and possess them- 
 selves of the lands adapted to agsiculture, than could the people from Antrim 
 cross Little Cove Mountain and reach the same place. 
 
 This township, at one time, was in the county of Bedford. March 
 29, 1798, an act of the Assembly of Pennsylvania annexed it to Franklin 
 County, and made it a part of Montgomery Township. The total destruction 
 of the court-house and records make it uncertain when it was made a separate 
 municipality and called Warren. It is found on some old record papers that 
 describes it by that name as early as January 3, 1799, and, therefore, it is 
 put down as certainly having imdergone both the change from Bedford to this 
 county, and also from Montgomery to a separate township, as now known. It 
 was named in honor of Gen. Warren, who was killed at the battle of Bunker 
 Hill , in June, 1776. For years it was known as the "Little Cove district" 
 from the mountain that is its east boundary. There is no town in it. 
 
 EABLIEST LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 The earliest land entries to be found in it were in 1755. This may be ac- 
 counted for by the fact of the heated contention that was about that time pro- 
 gressing between the proprietaries as to the division line. There is no doubt 
 but there were settlers — most probably "squatters " — who sought the disputed 
 boundaries in order to escape paying tribute to either province, sometime be- 
 fore the records show land entries being made. 
 
 A list of the earliest land entries is as follows : 
 
 Enoch Williams, March 18, 1755. Neighbors: William Harrod and James 
 Balla. 
 
 David Brown, September 28, 1767. Neighbors: Widow Evans, Joseph 
 Moore, Leonard Bevans, Daniel Anderson. (This land was on the State line.) 
 
 Lewis Davis, December 4, 1766. Neighbors: William Smith, Malcolm 
 McFall, Evan Shilley. 
 
 David Huston, April 4, 1763. Neighbors: John Andrew, Thomas Hus- 
 ton. 
 
 John Martin, February 10, 1768. 
 
 Hugh Martin, June 15, 1767. 
 
 James McClellan, February 7, 1767. Neighbor: Jacob Alexander. 
 
 Samuel Owen, March 23, 1767. Neighbor: Enoch Williams. 
 
 Evan PhUlips, October 15, 1767. Neighbors: Enoch Williams, Beneiah 
 Dunn. 
 
 William Smith, April 4, 1763 ("barrens and hills on all sides"). 
 Rees Shelby, June 2, 1759. Neighbors: Thomas Johns, Philip Davis. 
 
 EABLY SETTLERS. 
 
 It is supposed the first settlers, Evan PhiUips and Beneiah Dunn, came 
 about 1761. The following is full of interest, as about the oldest document 
 extant that refers to the early settlers of what is now Warren Township. The 
 amount of tax opposite each name is omitted, otherwise it is verbatim- 
 
 XV. ' ■^?,^*!®^*^^ ^^*^® °^ ^y ^®^j- WUliams and William Alexander for 
 the year 1791:* 
 
 ^°?v ^^^^^^°^- Leonard Sevens. Win. Huston. Peter Humbert 
 
 Arthur Margrats, Frederick Coon. Henry Davis. ThomaiZc^s* 
 
 J aZf Mk''""- ^fhTr^^'P^'''"- J?!"" Evans. Geoi^^e Mroliough,* 
 
 James Balla. John Chapman Barnett Ford. JoshSa Philips.* 
 
 Christopher Coflman, Leonard Graham. Michael Smyers. 
 
 •August 29. 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 609 
 
 Christopher Study. Michael Steele. George Donally. John Forney. 
 
 Christopher Swank. Enoch Williams.* John Mearyard. William Russell. 
 
 George Steele. John Irvin, Abraham Martin. George Free. 
 
 Bedford County, ss. 
 
 We the subscribers, two of the justices for the county aforesaid, hath examined and 
 approved the within dublecat given under our hands this 30 day of August, 1791. 
 
 William Patterson, 
 ohuhches. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church in Little Cove. — The first traveling minister of 
 the Methodist-Episcopal Church in "Little Cove" was Eev. George Askins. 
 He preached his first sermon in Ford' b barn (now on the farm on which the 
 Warren Iron Works stand, and owned by Mrs. Eliz. Ferry,) in 1814. His class 
 was organized in July, 1816, by Rev. Lawrence, missionary. Preaching oc- 
 curred at the house of Joshua Philips, and at schoolhouses, till 1859, when the 
 present brick structure was erected at a cost of $1,400; list of ministers: 
 George Askins, N. B. Mills, Robert Wilson, Thos. Larkins, George Brown, 
 Lawrence Everhart, Hamilton JeJBPerson, Frederick Stick, Caleb Reynolds, 
 James Painter, Wm. Monroe, James H. Hansen, John S. Gibbons, Robert Wil- 
 son, John 0. IPoysal, Robert Minshall, James Sanks, Wm. Butter, David Sharer, 
 Christopher Parkison, Basil Barry, Jesse Stansberry, Nathaniel Cunningham, 
 Wm. B. Edwards, Daniel Hartman, John Stine, Jonathan Clary, Wm. Hage. 
 John M. Jones, P. D. Lipscomb, Samuel Eozel, Wm. Harding, Wm. T. D. 
 Clemm, Maryberry Sohm, John Lanahan, Peter McAnally, Ancfiew Jamison, 
 Wesley Howe, Teal Chanselor, W. T. Mercer, John M. Green, B. F. Brooks, 
 John Thrash, James Watts, Wm. A. McKee, Thomas H. Busey, Abraham 
 Sahm, Elisha Butter, Noah Schlosser, Alex. Shaw, Geo. Stevenson, Wm. C. 
 Steele, Amos Smith, Joseph J. Largent, David Castleman, John S. Winsor, 
 Christopher Parkerson, Wm. T. Williams, Wm. Earnshaw (who built the 
 church), John Shofif, J. H. McCord, Leonard M. Gardner, R. C. Haslep, John 
 E. Amos, L. D. Herron, J. W. Smith, J. Montgomery, J. F. Ockerman, E. 
 Mallelien, James B. Cuddy, C. O. Cook, C. H. Savage, J. W. Howard, M. F. 
 B. Rice, Durbin G. Miller, Geo. W. Heyde, A. J. Gill, I. St. Clair Neale, T. 
 M. West, D. B. Winstead, E. E. Anderson, E. C. Young, J. L. Welsh, John 
 Edwards, H. C. Smith, W. W. Van Arsdale, J. H. Logie, Watson Case, W. 
 R. Gwinn, Edward Watson, C. L. Kennard, E. Buhrman, H. W. Jones. 
 
 ST. THOMAS— 1818. 
 
 This is a rich and important township in the very heart of the county, aiid 
 one of the latest formed, yet this very fact causes the exact date of its forma- 
 tion to be in the greatest doubt. The county records giving an account of its 
 organization having all been destroyed in the burning of Chambersburg in 
 1864, we fix upon the date above from the best recollection of old citizens. 
 The territory was taken from Peters and Hamilton Townships. The township 
 received its name in honor of Thomas Campbell, the founder of Campbells- 
 town (St. Thomas). Emigrants had arrived within its borders before the land 
 titles of the Indians were extinguished. 
 
 EARLY LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 The early land entries were as follows: 
 
 Joseph Armstrong, August 26, 1751. Neighbors: Patrick Knox, Robert 
 Elliott, Johnston Elliott, Mathew Patton, Isaac Patterson. 
 Thomas Armstrong, August 4, 1738. (No one adjoining). 
 Robert Clugadge, May 24, 17^3. (No neighbors). 
 
^10 HISTORY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Michael Campbell, February 15, 1749. Neighbors: John HoUiday, Will- 
 iam Campbell, James Campbell, James McFarland, John Crane. 
 
 Archibald Campbell, October 8, 1768. 
 
 William Campbell, February 15, 1749. Neighbor: James Campbell. 
 
 James Campbell, April 15, 1743. Neighbors: George Galloway, Michael 
 Campbell, William Campbell. -r ,_ tit /-. n 
 
 George Cumming, March 3, 1744. Neighbor: John McConnell 
 
 Thomas Espy, February 26, 1750. Neighbors: James McBride, Kobert 
 
 ^^^John^HoUiday, December 14, 1742. Neighbors: Sam. Holliday, Samuel 
 Jack, James Holliday, William Campbell, Michael Campbell, Samuel Mc- 
 
 Clintock, Robert Eiehey. ,x ^i n -nr-n 
 
 William Holliday, September 7, 1753. Neighbors: John McClellan, Will- 
 iam Beatty, Thomas Dunwoody, John McCuUoh. 
 
 James Hamilton, October 27, 1748. Neighbors: Richard Peters, James 
 McElhany, Archibald Campbell, Peter Kingrey, John Irvin. 
 
 Robert Hamilton, March 20, 1750.^ Neighbors: James Morton, Darnel 
 Eckels, Hugh Bones, James Henry, James Ferguson, John McLean. 
 
 John Potter, 1751, and Harry Johnston, 1750. Neighbors: William Mc- 
 Clellan, Samuel Templeton, John Fenton, James Scott, John McCoy, William 
 Holliday, James Antrican. 
 
 William Rankin, May 8, 1751. 
 
 Richard SeweU, March 10, 1749. 
 
 James Barton, January 22, 1753. 
 
 Alexander Walker, Januaiy 20, 1753. Neighbors: Richard Benson, An- 
 drew Bratton, William Bard, John McLean. 
 
 (The list of taxables for St. Thomas Township, in 1786, is embodied in 
 those of Hamilton and Peters Townships.) 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 St. Thomas, the principal village, is located about eight miles west of Cham- 
 bersburg. The first settlers in this neighborhood came as early as 1737. The 
 village was laid out by Thomas Campbell in 1790, and for many years it was 
 known as " Campbellstown. " This name was attached to it almost exclu- 
 sively for about sixty years. Even when the official name was given it, it 
 still followed after the idea of being in honor of Thomas Campbell, and so they 
 merely added the expressive "St." to his given name, and thus it became St. 
 Thomas. 
 
 Col. John Armstrong, John Campbell and John Dixon were the first set- 
 tlers in this neighborhood. Col. Armstrong settled on the farm now occupied 
 by Samuel Walker and owned by Mrs. Samuel Rhea, about three miles nor£h of 
 the village of St. Thomas. 
 
 John Campbell maide his improvement on what is now the farm of Fred- 
 ricks Gel wicks' heirs, near the head of Campbell's Run, onfe mile west of the 
 village. John Dixon settled where William D. Dixon now lives, at the head 
 of Dixon Run, one mile north of the village. Mr. William D. Dixon informs us 
 he thinks that John Campbell was the first to settle in the township and make 
 a permanent improvement; that he was followed next by John Dixon. There 
 was the strong bond between these families — ^they were of the ' ' Argyles ' ' of 
 Scotland, and it seems wherever the Campbells went, there you would also 
 find the Dixons. Mr. Dixon also informs us the name "St. Thomas" was 
 the suggestion of William Archibald, whose descendants now live on the old 
 farm one mile east of the village. .The only controlling forces were the Argyle 
 clan. 
 
QUINCY TOWNSHIP. 611 
 
 St. Thomas or " Campbellstown " Presbyterian Church was organized in 
 1813, to accommodate members and others who had been accustomed to attend 
 either at Mercersburg or Eoicky Spring. The first pastor, Eev. Dr. Elliott, then 
 minister of the congregation at Mercersburg, preached but six Sundays in the 
 year. Rev. Dr. McKnight, of Rocky Spring, preached here one half his time. 
 He became pastor on the 9th of April, 1816, at $450 salary for the two con- 
 gregations. He was installed September 25, 1816. From that date to the 
 present, this congregation has been under the charge of the preacher serving 
 Rocky Spring. Dr. McKnight continued his labors faithfully until he resigned, 
 January 20, 1836, having served nearly twenty years. For a time after this 
 resignation, Eev. Robert Kennedy, of Welsh Run, supplied the people. In 
 May, 1840, Rev. A. K. Nelson took charge of the congregation. After an 
 efficient pastorate of thirty-three years, he resigned April 10, 1873, when the 
 present pastor. Rev. S. C. George, began his labors. 
 
 Their church building was greeted about the time of the organization 
 of the church; repaired several times, and walls rebuilt. These repairs were 
 at the expense solely of David Wilson. The ruling elders have been David Wil- 
 son and William Gillan, who were connected with Rocky Spring, John Wise, 
 Thomas Gillan, Capt. W. E. McDowell, John M. Shields, Michael Keyser, 
 Samuel H. Gillan. 
 
 Evangelical Liitheran Church. — The date of the organization of this body 
 can not now be ascertained. The first pastor was Rev. John Frederick Meal- 
 ier, who served for twenty years; his connection ceasing in 1829. Duiing his 
 pastorate the first church was epected. It was built in jointure with the German 
 Reformed congregation and ihe Lutherans and Presbyterians. The building 
 was completed in 1829. The three congregations worshiped there until 1853, 
 when the Lutherans bought out the Reformed. The Lutherans and Presby- 
 terians built a new church in 1854. The pastor was Rev. David H. Focht. 
 This is stm standing and is owned by the two congregations. 
 
 The pastors of the Lutheran congregation were Eev. J. F. Mceller, to 1830 j 
 Rev. John Ruthrauff, to 1833; Rev. Reuben Weiser, to 1835; ReV. Samuel 
 Ruthrauff, to 1836; Eev. Peter Sahm, to 1840; Eev. John N. Hoifman, six 
 months; Eev. David Smith, to 1845; Eev. William Kopp, to 1847; Eev. Adam 
 Height, to 1850; Rev. Peter Paul Lane, to 1853; Rev. David H. Focht, to 
 1855; Rev. George Sill, to 1859; Rev. Solomon McHenry, to 1866; Rev. J. 
 KeUer Miller, to 1869; Rev. A. C. Felker, to 1871; Rev. A. H. Sherts, to 
 1884. Rev. Jas. A. Hartman is the present pastor. 
 
 Williamson was laid out in 1870 by Samuel Z. Hawbecker. He built the 
 principal buildings in the place. It is on the Southern Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road, five miles from Marion; has about sixty inhabitants. 
 
 EdenvilU is at the foot of Pamell's Knob, northwest of St. Thomas. 
 
 QUINCY— 1838. 
 
 Possibly this township was created in the latter part of 1837, but as there 
 are no records left to verify this, we adopt the safer plan and conclude it was 
 ordered by the court in the early part of 1838. The territory was taken from 
 Washington Township and the reader will find there a tolerably full account of 
 many of the early settlers. The population from the earliest was a mixed one. 
 In this respect it had some advantages over any other new settlement in the 
 county, embracing both Germans and Scotch-Irish, producing a race of good 
 and brave men and fair women — blessed mothers in Israel whose descendants 
 to-day by their useful lives are pa dug just tribute to infinite goodness. 
 
Q12 HISTORY or FEANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The township is noted for its wealth in ores and rich agricultural lands. 
 In this respect it is not excelled in the Cumberland Valley. It was named in 
 honor of President John Quincy Adams. .,„„„„ w ^ • i7^f; 
 
 Frederick Fisher settled in the township in 1737; George Wertz m 1745; 
 Adam Small the same year; John Snowberger came 1750; John McCleary in 
 1768 It is said his descendants occupied the place, where he settled, 102 years. 
 Among others of the first settlers were Christopher Dull, Abraham Knepper, 
 Adam Small, George Royer, John and George Cook, Samuel Toms, John 
 Heefner. 
 
 EABLY LAND ENTRIES. 
 
 Of the early land entries we note the following: 
 
 George Adam Cook, September 7, 1753. Neighbors: John Smith, Wm. An- 
 
 dopsou 
 
 George Cook, March 28, 1743. Neighbors: Jacob Frosh, John Smith, P. 
 
 Oury. 
 
 William Patrick, August 24, 1743. Neighbors: John Smith, James John- 
 ston. 
 
 James Jack, September 28, 1750. Neighbors: F. Foreman, James Johnston, 
 
 David McCoy. 
 
 Jacob Wertz, October 1, 1754. Neighbors: Ludwig Stull, Robert Irwm, 
 Jacob Hess, Matthew Hopkins, John Stoops, Wm. Erwin, Andrew Garry, John 
 Armstrong, Andrew Friedly, James Jack. 
 
 Thomas Stoops, October 5, 1762. Neighbors: James McLean, William 
 Fenly, James Johnston, Daniel McCoy. 
 
 Ulrich Snowberger, May 18, 1763. Neighbors: John Home, Henry Rhodes. 
 
 Lewis Stull, June 5, 1755. Neighbors: Jacob Wertz, Stophel Doll, John 
 Armstrong (warrant of this date was issued to George Stover). 
 
 Ludwig Stull, October 9, 1766. Neighbors: Adam Beetinger, Conrad 
 Rhenar. 
 
 Adam Small, October 15, 1762. Neighbors: Daniel Cook, David Hineman, 
 Samuel Cunningham (this tract was surveyed to Philip Stump). 
 
 THANSOEIPTIONS FROM OLD TOMBSTONES. 
 
 In the old Quincy graveyard are the following: Barbara, wife of Simon 
 Lidy, died January 6, 1845, aged ninety-one years. 
 
 John Funk, born March 6, 1792, died December 13, 1858. 
 
 Samuel Lowe, born June 25, 1772, died January 24, 1853. 
 
 Barbara Lane, died January 11, 1831, aged 73 years. 
 
 Christian Piper, born May 11, 1764, died February 2, 1842; Magdalena, 
 his wife, bom March 4, 1774, died October 28, 1856. 
 
 Peter Beaver, died February 10, 1829, aged sixty years; Susanah, con- 
 sort, bom June 29, 1777, died March 2, 1856. 
 
 Mary Stull, bom October 10, 1795, died May 28, 1868. 
 
 Jacob Stull, died September, 1854, aged eighty-two years, 
 
 George Wertz died November 27, 1798, aged fifty-three years. He came 
 with his father and three brothers — John, George and Conrad — in 1747; he was 
 then two years old when his father settled on the place, now the property and 
 residence of his grandson, H. E. Wertz. The Wertzes occupied the present 
 site of Quincy; the Stulls lived north a short distance, and the Fishers south. 
 A block-house was erected on the Fisher farm. 
 
 Frederick Fisher (son of the original Fisher), bom December 27, 1747, 
 died July 27, 1810; Susanah Fisher, bom December 15, 1747, died November 
 9, 1817. Henry Cordil, bom Febmary 24, 1767, died July 24, 1842; Mary 
 
QUINCY TOWNSHIP. 613 
 
 Cordil (daughter of George Wertz) born. March 17, 1779, died May 26, 1832. 
 Samuel Sheiry, born February 6, 1782, died March 14, 1848; Catharine Bar- 
 bara (his wife), born August 6, 1775, died August 12, 1843. Henry Rock, born 
 March 28, 1793, died October 26, 1859. John Beaver, died June 17, 1855, 
 aged seventy-one years. Peter Harbaugh, born June 20, 1781, died February 
 26, 1854; Alexander Harbaugh, born June 13, 1793, died February 16, 1864. 
 Jacob Smith, Sr., bora March 18, 1768, died May 5, 1845. Susanah (wife of 
 Lewis Emerick), born January 3, 1757, died May 18, 1848. David Wertz, Sr., 
 born November 12, 1789, died September 17, 1866; Elizabeth (wife of David 
 Wertz), born September 15, 1793, died July 19, 1848. Jacob Medour, died 
 May 20, 1863, aged eighty-one years; Barbara (wife of Jacob Medour), died 
 October 20, 1864, aged fifty-three years. John Smith, born October 25, 1782, 
 died September 23, 1851; Anna Mary (wife of John Smith), born February 
 13, 1781, died February 20, 1860. Adam Besore, died April 25, 1838, aged 
 flirty-eight years; Mary Besore, born March 10, 1775, died December 21, 1820. 
 Jonathan Walter, died November 9, 1814, aged thirty-eight years. 
 
 (The list of taxables, for 1786, in Quincy Township is embodied in that of 
 Washington Township.) 
 
 VILLAGES. 
 
 Altodale {Morit Alto P. O.). — The first settler in this vicinity was John 
 Funk, in 1817 ; he built the first house in the village, which is situated on the 
 east bank of the west branch of Little Antietam Creek, about five miles 
 south of Fayetteville; has a thriving population. There are two general 
 stores, three churches, a school building of two rooms, etc. The place was 
 originally known as "Funkstown." 
 
 Mont Alto Circuit, Methodist Episcopal Church embraces the following 
 congregations: Altodale, with a brick structure, 33x61, built in 1874; Mont Alto, 
 a frame structure, 25x50, built in 1869; Blue Rock Chapel, brick, 35x45, built 
 in 1870; Rowzersville (Pikesville), frame, 25x45, built in 1871. The mem- 
 bership of the charge, not including probationers, who have been numerous 
 during the close of the year 1886, is 168. Of the foregoing, Altodale is the 
 strongest congregation. The following is the list of pastors who have had the 
 charge: Rev. J. W. Feight, Rev. Jonathan Guldin, Rev. J. R. Shipe, Rev. 
 Corbin Wilson, Rev. A. R. Bender, Rev. G. M. Hoke, Rev. J. R. Dunkerly, 
 Rev. J. M. Runyan and Rev. J. W. Forrest, present incumbent. 
 
 Quincy is about four miles north of Waynesboro, on the Fayetteville road. 
 The .Quincy (formerly Fisher's) Reformed congregation, was one of the early 
 church organizations formed here. The exact date of its original organiza- 
 tion is not known, but it was before the close of the last century. In 1808 a 
 joint meeting of the Reformed and Lutherans was held, for the purpose of 
 their usual annual settlement. The representative of the Reformed side was 
 John Heffner. The minutes of that meeting form one of the oldest records 
 now obtainable. In 1810 John Walter was elder, and George Lydinger was 
 deacon. During the intervening years, 1818 to 1831, R^v. F. A. Scholl 
 preached frequently at this church. Rev. Jonathan Rahauser officiated at in- 
 tervals as early as 1792; from- 1830 to 1840, Rev. George W. Glessner served 
 it, and after him for several years Rev. J. Rebough was in charge. In 1845 
 it was part of the Grindstone Hill charge under Rev. F. W. Kremer. In 
 1847 it was transferred tO the present Waynesboro charge, and has since been 
 served by Revs. Glessner, Krebs, Hibshman, and the present pastor. Rev. F. 
 F. Bahner. January 24, 1861, the Lutheran and Reformed people disposed 
 of the Union Church, retaining only the graveyard as the common property of 
 
614 HISTOEY OF FBANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 the two congregations. The present building was dedicated October 12, 1861. 
 The church is once more in a prosperous and promising condition. 
 
 More than fifty years ago John Zimmerman was the school teacher in 
 Quincy. He taught in both English and German. Another teacher was 
 Leaader Brown. Mathew Dobbin taught school in various parts of the 
 county. He was justice of the peace, and one of the original abolitionists. 
 He was the original proprietor of the Gettysburg Cemetery, and the writer 
 presumes was a close relative of the famous Rev. Alexander Dobbin, whose 
 ancient stone residence and classical school building is still standing in Gettys- 
 burg, one of the oldest buildings in the place. Mathew died in 1856, at the 
 house of David Wertz, in Quincy, at an advanced age. 
 
 The United Brethren Church of Quincy was organized in 1850. The chief 
 promoters were Philip Spidle, Isaac Eiker and Polly Martin. Their church 
 house was built in 1861, .at a cost of 11,200; present membership numbers 
 thirty-five. The preachers in their order were Revs. H. A. Sleichter, J. C. 
 Wentz, J. Wicky, Rev. Altman, Anthony Grim, Rev. Wallace, J. H. Young, 
 A. H. Shanks, J. Burkholder. 
 
 Snow Hill is simply a thickly settled neighborhood. This name was 
 attached to the locality by the land office. The land, 130f acres, was pur- 
 chased by Catharine Snowberger, April 20, 1763. The patent to the same was 
 secured by Andrew Snowberger, nephew of Catharine. He was the proprietor 
 until a short time before his death in 1825, when he sold it to five trustees, the 
 founders of Snow Hill Society. In 1795 Peter Lehn^an came to the place. 
 In 1800 arrangements were made to found an institution modeled after 
 Ephratah, in Lancaster County. This action was had by Peter Lehman and 
 others. About the year 1800 four women, all Snowbergers, agreed to do the 
 work of the house as long as they lived. People ignorant of the facts in the 
 case called it the "Nunnery," and from this fact some supposed and said it 
 was a Catholic institution. This was very distasteful to Peter Lehman, who 
 wished it to be known simply as an "Institution." The false name, however, 
 stuck the closest, and to this day it is more generally known by its nickname. 
 The real idea, probably, of the institution would have been conveyed to the mind 
 by the rather long name of ' ' The Seventh Day Baptist Society, of Snow Hill. ' ' 
 
 The successive preachers in the place were Rev. Peter Lehman from 1795 
 to 1823, followed in their order by Rev. Andrew Fahnestock, Jacob M. Mc- 
 Pherrin, John Riddesbarger, John Walsh. 
 
 The church edifice was erected in 1829; cost $1,500; a stone building. The 
 Institution buildings were put up at different times from 1814 to 1843. The 
 mill was built in 1807, and has been in use ever since. Shops and other 
 buildings were put up as called for by the demand upon the Institution. 
 
 Tomstown was settled and founded by John Toms, about 1820. It is situ- 
 ated about a mile southeast of Quincy at the foot of South Mountain. It 
 has a population of 200. Quite a Mormon settlement existed, at one time, in 
 its neighborhood, but most of the "saints" moved to Utah. 
 
 Five Forks (formerly Mount Hope) is a small postoffice village on the Cham- 
 bersburg and Waynesboro road, four miles northwest of Waynesboro; has a 
 grist-mill, store, blacksmith shop and a population of about eighty. 
 
PAET III. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 
 
Biographical Sketches, 
 
 BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBURG. 
 
 JAMES ADAMS, engineer, Chambersburg, was born in Adams County, 
 Penn., October 10, 1810; a son of Ignatius and Mary (Hoffman) Adams. He 
 was reared on a farm until eighteen years of age, and received such an 
 education as was generally given to farmers' sons. He then commenced an 
 apprenticeship at the cooper's trade, which he completed at Chambersburg, to 
 which place he. came in the spring of 1829, and remained with his employer, 
 Eobert Stewart, as journeyman for some years; then, in 1835, he engaged in 
 the same business for himself, and in this he was occupied until 1841 or 1842, 
 when he entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley EaUroad, first as striker 
 in the blacksmith department, and was soon advanced to the position of fire- 
 man on a locomotive. He served as fireman two years, when he was promoted 
 to the responsible position of engineer, (this was the day of strap-rail track, 
 and open cab on ^^ engine), and in such capacity served until February, 1882. 
 In AprU, that year, he commenced working in the Cumberland Valley Bailroad 
 shops, where he is still employed. Our subject married April 23, 1835, 
 Martha Stewart, daughter of Robert Stewart, a former resident of Chambers- 
 burg, where she was born in March, 1817. To this marriage were bom six 
 children, three of whom are living: James E., a resident of Chambersburg; 
 Martha J., wife of Dr. John E. Kline, a physician, of Chambersburg, and 
 Mary E., who resides with her father. The family belong to the Catht>lic 
 Church. Mr. Adams is said to be the oldest engineer on the Cumberland Val- 
 ley EaUroad now living. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 JAMES E. ADAMS, baggage-master, Chambersburg, was born in Cham- 
 bersburg, this county, February 15, 1845, son of Jamqp and Martha (Stewart) 
 Adams, and was educated in the schools of his native town. In July, 1864, 
 he entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company and acted 
 as brakesman and- baggage-master until 1873; then was conductor of a mixed 
 train two or three years, and after that till 1882 was conductor of passenger 
 trains. In December, 1882, he was appointed baggage-master at Chambers 
 burg. He also fills the position of special conductor. The subject of this 
 sketch was united in marriage, in 1879, with Sophia M., daughter of Adam 
 Christ, a well-known citizen of Chambersburg. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are 
 members of the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Adams has never desired a 
 political position. He is a Democrat. 
 
 PROF. M. E. ALEXANDEE, Chambersburg, was born in Lewistown, 
 MiflSin County, Penn., January 14, 1846, eldest son of James H. ahd Eliza- 
 beth (Eothrock) Alexander. He was reared on a farm and received the rudi- 
 ments of an education in the neighboring schools, and in a preparatory school. 
 In 1872 he entered Lafayette College, and was graduated from that institution 
 four years later, being a member of the class of 1876. While in college he 
 
 33 
 
618 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 fitted himself for the profession of teaching. For seven years from 1876, he 
 was assistant principal of the "Hill" school at Pottstown, Penn. In August, 
 1883, he came to Chambersburg and took charge of the Chambersburg Acade- 
 my, and has since conducted the same with ability. In 1880 Prof. Alexander 
 was married to Margaret Hutchison, and they are the parents of two sons. 
 Prof, and Mrs. Alexander are identified with Falling Spring Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 J. C. ANDERSON, builder and contractor, Chambersburg, was bom in 
 Waynesboro, Penn., September 28, 1838, eldest son of Joseph and Amelia 
 (Taylor) Anderson, the former of whom was a tailor by trade. The father of 
 our subject was born in Franklin County, Penn., in 1811, was a son of John 
 Anderson, a weaver by trade, who came from Ireland in the early days and 
 settled in this county. Joseph Anderson reared to matui'ity a family of nine 
 children, of whom eight are living — three daughters and five sons — and died in 
 1883. Our subject was educated in the public schools of his native borough 
 and when sixteen commenced an apprenticeship (of four years) at the cabinet- 
 maker's trade with Jacob Henning, of Chambersburg, Penn. He then 
 worked as journeyman for some years. About 1862 he took charge of the 
 sash and blind factory of William A. Hazlit there, and this he conducted for 
 some seven years, thence went to Greencastle, Penn. , and took charge of J. 
 B. Crowell & Co's sash and blind factoiy there for eight years. He returned 
 to Chambersburg about 1877, but one year later again became a resident of 
 Waynesboro, Penn., where he remained for three years. He returned to 
 Chambersburg, Penn. , about 1881, and began building and contracting, which 
 business he has since followed. He is a successful builder, employing at times 
 as many as twenty-five hands. Mr. Anderson was married, in 1858, to Sarah 
 E., daughter of David Lippy, a former resident of Chambersburg. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Anderson have one daughter, MoUie J., now the wife of John J. Cor- 
 bett, of Waynesboro, Penn. The family are members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Chiu'ch. Mr. Anderson is a member of the I. O. O. F. 
 
 ROBERT McFARLAND BARD was born near Mercersburg, Franklin 
 Co., Penn., December 12, 1809, the son of Capt. Thomas Bard, who com- 
 manded a volunteer company enlisted in that vicinity, and marched them to 
 the defense of Baltimore against the threatened attack of the British, in 1814. 
 During his early life his parents removed to Washington County, Md. He at- 
 tended the academy at Hagerstown as late as 1829, and in 1830 began the 
 study of law in Chamb'brsburg, Franklin County, in the office of Hon. George 
 Chambers, and was admitted to practice January 14, 1834. He rose rapidly 
 as a lawyer and as a public man, acquiring, by his ability and integrity, the 
 confidence and admiration of the people. In 1842 he was associated in the 
 law with James X. McLanahan, which partnership was dissolved in 1844. In 
 C uu^t"^^! nominated for Congress on the Whig ticket, but at that time his 
 health had f aUed, and he was no longer able to attend to the duties of his pro- 
 fession. He had attained a commanding position at the bar of his native 
 county, and reputation throughout the State as a lawyer of great ability. Had 
 he lijed he might have reached the highest honors of the State and Nation. 
 His death occurred on the 28th of January, 1851, at the early age of forty- 
 one. His frank and generous nature, his open, kind, unassuming and affable 
 manners, had drawn around him a large circle of warm hearted and admiring 
 friends, and his death was the cause of grief and sadness in many a heart b^ 
 sides those of his immediate family. Mr. Bard possessed fine literary tastes, 
 and m his leisure moments produced a number of poems that were received by 
 the public as rare gems. He anticipated the day when he could feel justified 
 
BOBOUQH OF CHAMBEB8BUEG. 619 
 
 in devoting his whole time to literary pursuitB. An article in the Philadelphia 
 Press, entitled, "The Chambersbvirg Bar of Thirty Years Ago," says of him: 
 "Eobert M. Bard was a peculiarly gifted man intellectually. He had a pro- 
 found knowledge of the law, was ardently devoted to his profession, managed 
 every case entrusted to him With masterly skill and force, and would, had not 
 deatii removed him in the meridian of his years, have been one of the country's 
 grandest jurists." Mr. Bard in early youth was studiously inclined, and de- 
 voted much of his leisure time to the acquisition of useful knowledge, and 
 formed then the habits of study and reflection that were the foundation of his 
 subsequent usefulness and eminence. His views of the profession of the law were 
 exalted; he pursued it with unvarying devotion. He regarded the law as a 
 science in the truest and highest sense of the term, demanding, for the attain- 
 ment of distinction in its practice, a more varied and comprehensive equip- 
 ment than is required for the successful prosecution of any other profession. 
 He sought, by careful analysis and study of the leading cases in the various 
 departments of the law, to comprehend fully, and to make his own, the under- 
 lying principles and reasons on which the decision of them was founded. The 
 knowledge of these principles furnished the weapons on which he relied, and 
 to which, vigorously and skillfully used, he was indebted for many a victory 
 in subsequent legal combats in which he was a contestant in the arena of the 
 bar. His mind was active, vigorous and logical ; his addresses to the court 
 and jury were cogent, eloquent and free from all redundancy; he saw clearly 
 the strong points of his case, and pressed those points lucidly and earnestly 
 upon his auditors, and judiciously refrained from dwelling at length upon 
 points of ininor importance. Although ever studious to be correct in his opin- 
 ions, he was a man of strong convictions; and when he gave a legal opinion to 
 a client on a diflScult point of law, he gave it with confidence, and it was re- 
 ceived by his client with confidence, assured that it was the result of a care- 
 ful consideration of the piatter by one fully competent to determine it. As 
 early as 1843 he had, by his natural and acquired endowments, achieved an 
 enviable eminence in his profession. Mr. Bard was conspicuous as an influ- 
 ential and consistent advocate of the cause of temperance, at a time when that 
 cause had comparatively few friends, and when its advocacy was regarded so 
 differently from now, and rather as an evidence of fanaticism than as a wise, 
 philanthropic, statesmanlike concern for the happiness and prosperity of the 
 community. 
 
 JOHN A. BENEDICT, clerk of the courts of Franklin County, was born 
 in Peters Township, Franklin County, Penn. , January 18, 1855, the youngest 
 son of Jacob and Mary M. (Kiefer) Benedict. He was educated in the public 
 schools of Peters Township, and was a pupil in the normal school at Shippens- 
 burg for two terms. He then taught school for nine winter terms, during which 
 time he also engaged in farming on the home place in the summers. In the 
 fall of 1884 Mr. Benedict was elected clerk of the courts of Franklin County 
 for a term of three years. He married, in March, 1876, Sarah E., daughter 
 of M. H. Keyser, a former resident of St. Thomas Township, this county. 
 The parents are members of the Church. In politics Mr. Benedict is a mem- 
 ber of the Republican party. 
 
 GEOEGE BIETSCH, manufacturer of cigars and dealer in cigars, 
 tobaccos, etc., Chambersburg, was bom at Hesse Darmstadt, Gfermany, 
 August 30, 1843, the youngest child of Frederick and Elizabeth (Eckstein) 
 Bietsch. He received a plain education in the schools of his native town. In 
 1861 he, in company with his parents, came to America and direct to Cham- 
 bersburg. In the same year George commenced an apprenticeship with 
 
620 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 George Bruner at the trade of cigar making, and was next in the employ, as 
 clerk and journeyman, of Moses Greenawald, and continued with these gentle- 
 men, respectively, until 1863. In that year he taught a German public school 
 at Chambersburg one session. Following the destruction of Chambersburg, he 
 filled a similar position at Pittsburgh for some four years. In the fall of 1868 he 
 returned to Chambersburg, and commenced the manufacture of cigars and the 
 tobacco trade, in his present location at No. 79 South Main Street, where he 
 is doing a fair business, usually employing from six to eight hands. In 1865 
 Mr. Bietsch married Elizabeth Pressler, and to them have been born eleven chil- 
 dren, nine of whom are living, five daughters — Eva, Eatie, Lottie. Gertie and 
 Alice — and four sons — Emil, George, Charles and Thomas. Mr. Bietsch is- 
 organist of the Episcopal Church, a position he has held for the past ten years. 
 His family attend the same church. Mr. Bietsch has been a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity since 1870, and master of George Washington Lodge, No. 
 143, for the past two years. 
 
 JAMES L. BLACK, merchant and borough treasurer, Chambersburg, was 
 born in Adams County, Penn. , Decembers, 1808, eldest son of James and Jane 
 (Lindsay) Black. He grew up on a farm and in about 1 820 went to live with his 
 uncle in Guilford Township, this county. At the age of sixteen he began serv- 
 ing an apprenticeship of five years at the trade of tanner and. currier. After 
 finishing his apprenticeship he worked as a journeyman in Manchester, Va. , 
 one year; then returned to Chambersburg and began clerking in the store of 
 George S. Eyster. About the year 1836, he, in company with his cousin, 
 John V. Lindsay, purchased the business from Mr. Eyster, and carried it on 
 for some years, when Mr. Black purchased the interest of his partner, and has 
 since conducted the concern. During the fire in 1864, he suffered greatly, 
 losing his building and much of his stock. His books were saved, he having- 
 buried them in the garden. He rebuilt on the same site in 1865-66. In 1836 
 Mr. Black was married to Mary B. , daughter of George K. Harper, one of the 
 early editors and newspaper men of Chambersburg. To this marriage were 
 born eight children, six of whom are living — ^three daughters and three sons — 
 and are residents of Chambersburg, except one. Rev. J. Harper Black, now 
 pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Clearfield, Penn. Mrs. 
 Black died April 6, 1885. Our subject served as an associate judge of this, 
 county for a period of five years, having been elected at the same time as 
 Judge Kimmell. He has been a member of the town council one term, and 
 for six years has served as borough treasurer. Mr. Black has been identified 
 vnth the Methodist Episcopal Church for nearly half a century. As a citizen 
 he is highly esteemed and respected, and is one of the pioneer business men of 
 the county. 
 
 EMANUEL JAMES BONBEAKE, attorney at law, Chambersburg.— The 
 generic name is an old one in Eranklin County. Its origin is uncertain and its 
 origmal form is not positively ascertained. Whether German, Dut<3h, Swiss or 
 French 18 not known, even by those who bear it. The name is dissyllabic, and each 
 syllable has taken a most unwarrantable license in a wild canter over the gamut 
 of change both in sound and in letter. The first syllable is found in docu- 
 ments and papers as Bon, Bone, Bohn, Boin, Bine and Bound, while the sec- 
 ond, not to be outdone, has disported in various shapes as Bright, Brecht, 
 Brake, Break Breck and Brick, one paper of the year 1789 having the 
 name as Boundbnck. It is a good example of the eccentricity and variation 
 of a name m America. The most prevalent belief holds that the name is 
 Swiss-German or Franco-German, but there is a singular plausibility and force 
 m a less prevalent opinion that the name is Dutch; that it originated in Hoi- 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBEBSBUEG. 621 
 
 land or the Low Countries as Brecht, with the common prefix Van or Von, 
 making Vonbrecht, from which the transition to Bonbrecht would be easy 
 and natural. But if the origin is uncertain, its long existence in this county 
 is certain. The first ancestor came between 1745 and 1765. Lands were tak- 
 en up at the Grindstone Hill nearly midway between Chambersburg and 
 Waynesboro, some of which were laid out on warrant to Daniel Binebreck in 
 1762, and remained in the family until 1868, a period of more than a century. 
 There is a dim tradition that his ancestor left his native land under a cloud, 
 because of resetting, or giving food and shelter to some one under ban of the 
 law. He is reputed to have tarried a while in Philadelphia County, but soon 
 located in this county, then a part of Cumberland. Prom the Grindstone Hill 
 the descendants spread to Scotland, Waynesboro and other parts of the county; 
 to Somerset, Westmoreland and other counties in the State; and later to the 
 States of Ohio,' Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Colorado and Cali- 
 fornia. The race was prolific in number and tall in stature. Many of the 
 families had each a dozen or more members; one is said to have furnished 
 seven sons to the American Army in the war of 1812, and now, in one fanjily 
 in Ohio, all the sons average over six feet in height. Some of the earlier ones 
 were stone-cutters, of which there remains evidence in the tombstones of the 
 well filled old graveyard at Grindstone Hill Church. But farming has been 
 the general occupation of the race, though some have reached the highest 
 rank as merchants, a few became lawyers, a dozen or more are now ministers 
 of the Gospel or professors in colleges, a larger number are physicians and 
 surgeons, one family having four or five in the latter profession. Very few 
 have seen fit to tread the path of politics, and, although active and decided in 
 political opinion and feeling, it is claimed for them that in this, their native 
 county, for almost a century and a half, not one of the name has announced 
 himself as a candidate for ofiice, or become a tax upon the public. 
 
 The special siibject of this sketch was born in 1832 on the banks of Antie- 
 tam Creek, two miles east of Waynesboro, and he never had legal residence 
 out of the county. His father was John, a teacher, surveyor and farmer, bom 
 in 1796 and died in 1866. His grandfather, Conrad (born in 1768, died in 
 1844), about the beginning of this century bought lands along the Antietam 
 Creek, which still belong to his descendants. His mother was Susanna Weyant 
 {born in, 1796, died in 1836) a daughter of John Weyant. 
 
 Conrad, the grandfather, left seven children, viz, : Jacob, John, Henry, 
 Daniel, Nancy, Susan and Catharine. John left five children, viz. : Nicholas, 
 John W., Emanuel J., Juliann, wife of James H. Gordon, and Maria, wife of 
 David B. EusseU, all residents of the county, except John W., who has lived 
 near Cedar Bapids, Iowa, since 1865. 
 
 The early education of our subject was gained in the free or public schools, 
 the system of which was inaugurated in Pennsylvania in his boyhood. In 
 1849 he was examined by the school board of his native township (Washing- 
 ton) and assigned as teacher of the Mt. Vernon School. In the spring of 1850, 
 with the funds obtained from the winter's teaching, he- began the higher 
 course of study and entered the preparatory department of Marshall College 
 at Mercersburg, then under the presidency of the celebrated Eev. Dr. John W. 
 Nevin. For several years thereafter he oscillated between teaching in winter 
 and attending college in summer, always keeping in the same class notwith- 
 standing those absences. He went with the college to Lancaster, Penn. , in 1853, 
 when it was consolidated there with Franklin College, and in 1855 he gradu- 
 ated with honor, taking the valedictory oration, which in this college, unlike 
 most other institutions, is awarded not to the student who has scored the high- 
 
622 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 est average in recitation but to the best writer and speaker, if of respectable 
 grade in recitations. In all public performances at college he had been sig- 
 nally successful and popular, some of his orations being remembered and spoken 
 of to this day after a lapse of over thirty years; but in his valedictory he re- 
 proached, perhaps improperly, the trustees and authorities of the college for 
 certain matters, and in doing so furnished an unfortunate example, which af- 
 terward was still more unfortunately and improperly followed. There was no 
 doubt of his honesty and courage in making this arraignment, and just as little 
 as to there being cause for it, but its propriety under the circumstances was 
 quite another thing. The like had never been known in the history of the col- 
 lege, and its suddenness, point and noyelty gave great ofifense. Taken in con- 
 nection with some later episode in his career, this shows such an indifference 
 to public opinion and careless disregard of consequences that can not be recon- 
 ciled with his usual prudence and judgment, and may have interfered with use- 
 fulness and promotion, and impaired the estimate of a character so earnest and 
 otherwise estimable. He received no further or higher degrees or honors from 
 the college. After graduating he taught an academy for boys and young men 
 in Camden, in the State of Delaware, until 1856, when he was called to take 
 charge of the academy in Mercersburg, the same that once had been the pre- 
 paratory department of Marshall College. Kelinquishing finally the role of 
 teacher in 1857, he finished the reading of law in the of&oes of Cessna & Shan- 
 non, in Bedford, Penn., where, 'in May, 1858, he was admitted as an attorney at 
 law. A trip of nearly a year through the Western country followed, then he 
 located in Chambersburg in 1859, and soon after formed a partnership with 
 Capt. George Eyster, who afterward, for seventeen years, held the office of 
 United States treasurer in Philadelphia. Prom the beginning he was more 
 than ordinarily successful, but a rigid application to business and study and 
 close confinement to office for the purpose, as he states it, of laying a broad 
 and sure foundation for the future, brought on in about two years such a seri- 
 ous breaking down of health that left him little hope of recovery. Conse- 
 quently ambition was laid aside and thenceforth his business as a lawyer was 
 mainly confined to the less public, yet more weighty and important line of a 
 practitioner in the orphans' court, and as a general office counselor. In these 
 departments his success and standing are deservedly high. Advice, profes- 
 oional or otherwise, from him has led to few mistakes and disappointments, and 
 his sagacity and practical wisdom, in ordinary business or in new enterprises, 
 are so generally acknowledged that the community looks with much confidence 
 upon any project that enlists his support. Able and candid in negotiation, yet 
 there is always left an impression of force in reserve. In devotion to friends 
 and in public spirit he has few equals. To him, perhaps, more than to any 
 other one man is Chambersburg indebted for the last and only successful agri- 
 cultural fair company, for the Wolf & Hamaker MHl Works and for the Tay- 
 lor Manufacturing Company. All projects favoring the improvement of town 
 or county, whether in building, agriculture, horticulture, new or superior stock, 
 have received his hearty good wishes and active aid. At this time he is likely 
 the oiJy man in the county who has thoroughbred Guernsey cattle, and per- 
 Jiaps the only one who owns a specimen of imported neat cattle. 
 
 In politics having come from old Whig stock he is a steadfast Republican, 
 but without noise or demonstration, rather avoiding office than seeking 
 It. He has never held elective office, except such as burgess or school direotorT 
 m which he considered it his duty as a citizen to serve. Having struggled for • 
 his own education, he, of course, is a decided advocate of it, and seems more 
 especially interested m the higher education as found in some of the less pre- 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 623. 
 
 tentious colleges, the ruling idea of which is to thoroughly develop, strengthen 
 and train the intellectual faculties rather than to load the memory; to be well 
 on in building the vessel before putting in the cargo. For years he has been 
 the treasurer and one of the most active and earnest members of the board of 
 regents of Mercersburg College. His demoninational connections are those 
 of his forefathers, he is a member of the Reformed Church. In 1861 he was 
 married to Eliza Belle Oakes, of his native town, and they have three children 
 living: Jessie, Lillian and Norman Leroy. 
 
 0. C. BOWERS, attorney at law, Chambersburg, was born in Antrim 
 Township, Franklin County, Penn., October 11, 1843, a son of Samuel and 
 Catherine (Wolfe) Bowers, and was educated in the public schools of St. 
 Thomas Township, whither his parents had removed in 1848. Here our subject 
 also worked at farming and attended school until he was eighteen years of age 
 when he commenced teaching. In the summer of 1865 he attended the State 
 Normal School at Millersville, and still continued teaching. For some three 
 years he attended Mercersburg College until the close of the school year in 
 June, 1869. In September of that year he commenced teaching and studied 
 under Dr. Shumaker, in Chambersburg Academy, which he continued for four 
 years. During those years he pursued the study of the classics and also read 
 law until June, 1873. In November of that year he was admitted to the bar 
 and immediately commenced the practice of his profession. In August, 1874, 
 he was nominated by the Democratic party for district attorney and was elected 
 the following fall; served the term of three years, and in the fall of 1877 was 
 re-elected to the same position, which he filled with ability during his term. 
 Several important criminal cases were tried during his terms, including two 
 capital cases, followed by convictions and executions. Mr. Bowers married 
 December 21, 1875, Ellen G. , daughter of Jacob Heyser, and by her has a 
 family of three sons: Robert Hood, Wayne Heyser and William G. Mrs. 
 Bowers is a member of the Reformed Church, Mr. Bowers of the Lutheran. 
 The honorary degree of Master of Arts was conferred on him by Mercersburg 
 College June 25, 1878. 
 
 E. BRALLIER, M. D. , Chambersburg, was born at Belsano, near Ebens- 
 burg, Cambria Co., Penn., March 20, 1841, his father of French descent, 
 a farmer, and his mother of German. With them he spent the early part of 
 his life, I attending school and working on the farm. After receiving a liberal 
 education he began teaching school in 1858, which occupation he followed 
 until 1862, the last being the Cherry Tree Academy, of which he was princi- 
 pal. Closing his school he enlisted in the army September 7, 1862. Shortly 
 after going out he was promoted corporal, and held that position until May 2, 
 1863, when, whUe on the battle-field of Chancellorsville, he was promoted to 
 second sergeant, which rank he held for some time, being then promoted to first 
 sergeant, serving as such until near the close of the war, when he received 
 the commission of captain. At the organization of the company, he was chosen 
 company clerk, and occupied that position until the dissolution of the com- 
 pany at Harrisburg, June 1, 1865. During the war he was enp;aged in seven- 
 teen battles and several skirmishes, being the first man to moaut the enemy's 
 works at Hatcher's Run, February 5, 1865; was also present at the surrender 
 of Gen. Lee to Gen. Grant, at Appomattox, April 9, 1 865. A few weeks 
 after returning from the army, in 1865, he was nominated for and duly elected 
 to the office of county auditor in Cambria County for a term of three years, 
 from October of that year. Finding that the duties of the oflice interfered 
 with the prosecution of his studies, after serving for one year, he resigned. 
 He first commenced the study of medicine in 1860, but never regularly entered 
 
624 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 the olBce of any physician until his return from the army, in June, 1865, when 
 he registered and studied with the late E. S. Bunn, M. D., of Ebensburg, 
 Penn. In October, 1866, . he matriculated in both JefiFerson Medical College 
 and the Lying In Charity, of Philadelphia, receiving his diploma from each 
 of the above institutions in March, 1868; that of the Lying-in Charity March 
 5, 1868, and March 7, 1868, the degree of Doctor of Medicine from Jeffer- 
 son Medical College. He is also a life member of the Jefferson Medical Col- 
 lege Alumni Association. In about two weeks after graduation he located to 
 practice his profession in Cherry Tree, Indiana Co., Penn., where he 
 remained engaged in general practice, but giving particular attention to gyne- 
 cology and psediatric medicine with success, until April, 1880, when he re- 
 moved to Chambersburg, his present home. July 7, 1868, Dr. Brallier mar- 
 ried Lucy M. , daughter of the late John and Mary Kinports, of Cherry Tree 
 Borough. In 1870 he became a member of the Indiana County Medical Soci- 
 ety, and in 1876 was made a permanent member of the State Medical Society 
 of Pennsylvania, and of the American Medical Association representing Indi- 
 ana County, in the former once and in the latter twice. He has filled several, 
 offices in the Indiana County Medical Society, being its president for 1879. 
 In 1881 he associated himself with the Franklin County Medical Society, of 
 which organization he is now a member. He has always taken a very active 
 part in education, contributing to schools and forming plans to facilitate teach- 
 ing in the local schools, serving as director of the Cherry Tree Male and 
 Female College, and one of its faculty during its existence, and for six years 
 one of the directors of the public schools of Cherry Tree, being secretary of 
 the board for four years. He was one of the organizers of the Cherry Tree 
 Scientific Lecture Club, lecturing on anatomy and physiology. In February, 
 1882, he was elected a director of the Chambersburg public schools, of which 
 board he- is still a member. In January, 1882, he leceived from the commis- 
 sioners of Franklin County, Penn. , appointment of physician to the county 
 jail, and served in that capacity for a term of three years. Dr. »and Mrs. 
 Brallier are the parents of eight children (five of whom are living — two 
 daughters and three sons) : Stanley A. E. , Anna May, Lulu Veronica, John 
 Kinports, Emma Jane, Amanda Maggie, son, James Porter. In politics the 
 Doctor is a Democrat. He and his family attend the Central Presbyterian 
 Church of Chambersburg, Penn. 
 
 WILLIAM H. BRICKER, furniture dealer, Chambersburg, was bom in 
 Shippensburg, Cumberland Co., Penn., September 1, 1850, eldest son of 
 James and Elizabeth (Sierer) Bricker. In 1851 he was brought by his parents 
 to Huntingdon County, where he attended the public schools until the age of 
 fourteen years. He then commenced clerking in a general store, in which he 
 remained two years, then attended the normal school at Millersville, Penn., 
 for some two years, graduating from that institution in 1869. He then became 
 assistant principal of an academy in Trenton, N. J., for two years; then read 
 law and also taught school again in Huntingdon County for part of one year. 
 During that year, 1872, his father died suddenly, which changed his plans; 
 so, abandoning the study of law May 18, 1873, he came to Chambersburg and 
 entered into partnership with H. Sierer in the furniture manufacturing busi- 
 ness, under the firm name of H. Sierer & Co., which has since continued. 
 Mr. Bricker married, December 11, 1873, Laura V., daughter of Rev. Frank- 
 Jin Dyson, and by her had seven children, five of whom are living. The 
 family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Bricker never 
 aspired to public position; politically he is a Republican. 
 
 WILLIAM BYERS, mail carrier, Chambersburg, was born in Antrim 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 625 
 
 TownsMp, this county, September 4, 1846, a son of John and Eachel (Miller) 
 Byers, former of whom was born in Fayetteville, this qounty, December 11, 
 1811, son of Castle Byers, a farmer, who kept tavern at Fayetteville for many 
 years. John Byers, a farmer by occupation, lived near Funkstown until 1854, 
 when he removed to Adams County, Penn., and there died March 9, 1861. 
 He reared to maturity a family of seven children, of whom six are living, five 
 sons and one daughter. His widow, who was born September 24, 1821, in 
 York County, Penn. , resides in Chambersburg, vigorous in mind and body. 
 Our subject was educated in the public schools and brought up on a farm at 
 home until he enlisted in Company K, Eighty-seventh Eegiment, Pennsylvania 
 Yolunteer Infantry. He was with the regiment at Petersburg, Sailor' s Creek, 
 and at the surrender of Gen. Lee, serving until the close of the war. He was 
 mustered out at Harrisburg in July, 1865. Returning to civil life he carried 
 the mail and ran a stage from Chambersburg to Gettysburg for twelve years. 
 He is now engaged in carrying the mail from the depot to the postoffice in 
 Chambersburg, in addition to doing an omnibus business. Mr. Byers married, 
 in 1874, Kate Newman, and by her has one son and four daughters : Rosa V. , 
 born in South Mountain, Adams Co. , Penn. , March 14, 1876; Mary E., born 
 in Chambersburg, this county, August 27, 1878; Nellie K., born in Fort Lou- 
 doun, this county, February 24, 1880; Howard N., born in Chambersburg, this 
 county, January 17, 1883, and Beulah, also born in Chambersburg, February 
 13, 1885. Mr. Byers is a member of the G. A. R. 
 
 GEORGE CHAMBERS.* Benjamin Chambeirs, the father of the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, was the son of Col. Benjamin Chambers by- his second 
 wife {nee Jane Williams, daughter of a Presbyterian clergyman) whom he 
 married in 1748. He was born in 1755. When a youth of but twenty 
 years, he enlisted in the company of his brother, Capt. James Chambers, and 
 marched with it to Boston. Soon after he joined the army he was commis- 
 sioned a captain, and in that rank fought at the battles of Long Island, Bran- 
 dywine and Germantown, with credit and gallantry. During the retreat of 
 the army from Long Island, the Pennsylvania troops were assigned to the dis- 
 tinguished but hazardous honor of covering the movement. While assisting 
 in this delicate and perilous maneuver, Capt. Chambers had the great good 
 fortune to arrest the attention of Gen. Washington, win his commendation, 
 and receive from him, as a signal token of his approbation, a handsome pair of 
 silver-mounted pistols, which have always been treasured as a precious heir- 
 loom in the family, having recently been bequeathed to Benjamin Chambers 
 Bryan, a great-grandson of the original donee. But the diseases of camp and 
 the rigors of military life compelled Capt. Chambers to retire from the army, 
 just at what period of the struggle is not definitely knovm. Although no 
 longer engaged in regular military service, his skill and experience and great 
 personal courage made him the captain and leader in many expeditions against 
 the Indians, whose savage and bloody forays upon the settlements of Bedford 
 and Huntingdon Counties were constantly creating great Consternation and 
 alarm. At the conclusion of the treaty of peace with England he became ex- 
 tensively engaged in the manufacture of iron, and was the first to make iron 
 castings in the county. Influenced by the same enlightened liberality which 
 characterized his father, he donated, in the year 1796, two lots of ground in 
 Chambersburg as a site for an academy. A charter was procured -in 1797, and 
 shortly afterward a suitable building was erected, and a select school organized 
 and opened under the tuition of James Ross, whose Latin g rammar for many 
 
 * From " Memoir of George Chambers," oy J. McDowell Sharpe, and read by him before the Historical 
 Society of Pennsylvania, February 17, 1873. 
 
626 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 years maintained its distinguished position, without a rival, in the colleges and 
 seminaries of our land. Capt. Chambers left upon record, among the last 
 business acts of his life, his solemn testimony to the importance and value of 
 education, by earnestly enjoining upon his executors, in his will, that they 
 should have all his minor children liberally educated. This betokened a zeal 
 for learning that was certainly very rare in that day. He died in 1813, crowned 
 with the esteem, respect, and love of the community, for whose welfare and 
 prosperity he had taxed his bQst energies, and to whose development he had de- 
 voted the labor of a life-time. 
 
 George Chambers, his oldest son, was born in Chambersburg, February 24, 
 A. D. 1786. It was not unlikely that such a father would put George to his 
 books while very young. This seems to have been so. He must have been 
 taught to read and write, and have acquired the other rudiments of a common 
 English education, at a very early age; for when he was but ten he began the 
 study of Latin and Greek in the classical school. of James Ross. He subse- 
 quently entered the Chambersburg Academy and became a pupil of Rev. David 
 Denny, an eloquent, learned and much revered Presbyterian clergyman. He 
 was ambitious and studious, and had made such progress in the ancient lan- 
 guages and mathematics that in October, 1802, he was able to pass from the 
 academy into the junior class at Princeton College. He graduated from that 
 institution in 1804, with high honor, in a class of forty-five, among whom 
 were Thomas Hartley Crawford, Theodore Prelinghuysen, Joseph R. Inger- 
 soll, Samuel L. Southard and others, who rose to distinguished eminence at 
 the bar, in the pulpit, and in the councils of the Nation. He chose the law as 
 his profession, and entered upon its study with William M. Brown, Esq., in 
 Chambersburg. Having spent a year with him, he became a student in the 
 office of Judge Duncan, in Carlisle, then in the zenith of his great fame. 
 Having passed through the customary curriculum, he was admitted to the bar 
 and sworn as a counselor in the courts of Cumberland County, in the year 
 1807. Shortly afterward he returned to Chambersburg and commenced the 
 practice of his profession. When he entered the arena, he found the bar 
 crowded with eminent and learned lawyers. Duncan, Tod, Riddle and the 
 elder Watts practiced there and monopolized the business. With such profes- 
 sional athletes, already crowned with the laurels of the profession, and clad in 
 armor that had been tempered and polished by the lucubrations of more than 
 twenty years, it seemed a hard, indeed an almost impossible task for a young 
 and inexperienced man to compete. Mr. Chambers, however, courted notori- 
 ety by no adventitious aids. Indeed, he thought so little of all the usual 
 methods of inviting public attention, that it is related of him that he dispensed 
 with "the shingle," that ornament of the office-shutter which the newly- 
 fledged lawyer is so apt to regard as an indispensable beacon to guide the foot- 
 steps of his anxious clients. Nor did he advertise his professional preten- 
 sions m either card or newspaper. He was quite content to recognize in the 
 law a jealous mistress, who would be satisfied with nothing less than the un- 
 divided homage of heart and mind. His professional career was not distin- 
 guished by rapid success at first. Like almost all who have attained the high- 
 est honors at the bar, his novitiate was severe. He found the first steps of his 
 journey toward eminence beset with difficulties and full of discouragements. 
 
 After weary years of waiting, success came at last— as it must always 
 come to true merit. When it did come-and, perhaps, it came as soon 
 as it was deserved-he was prepared to meet its imperious demands. Mr. 
 Chambers had a mmd most admirably adapted to the law. It was acute, log- 
 ical and comprehensive, of quick perception, with strong powers of discrim- 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEBSBUEG. 627 
 
 ination, and possessed a rare ability to grasp and hold the true points of a case. 
 Added to these natural abilities was the discipline of a thorough education, 
 supplemented by a varied fund of knowledge acquired by extensive reading, 
 which ranged far beyond the confines of the literature of his profession. Be- 
 sides all this, he possessed, in a most eminent degree, that crowning ornament 
 of all mental stature, good common sense — without which the most shining 
 talents avail but little. It is not surprising therefore, that when the oppor- 
 tune time came that was to give him the ear of the court, that he should at- 
 tract attention. From this time his success was assured, and his progress to 
 the head of the bar steady and unvarying. This ascendancy he easily main- 
 tained during his entire subsequent professional life. Not only was he the ac- 
 knowledged chief of his own bar, but also the recognized peer of the first 
 lawyers of the State. From 1816 to 1851, when he retired from active prac- 
 tice, his business was immense and very lucrative. He was retained in every 
 case of importance in his own county, and tried many cases in adjoining coun- 
 ties. He was well read in all the branches of the law, but he especially excelled 
 in the land law of Pennsylvania. He had completely mastered it, and could walk 
 with sure and unfaltering step through all its intricate paths. His preparation 
 was laborious and thorough. He trusted nothing to chance, and had no faith in 
 lucky accidents, which constitute the sheet-anchor of hope to the sluggard. He 
 identified himself with his client, and made his cause his own, when it was just. 
 He sought for truth by the application of the severest tests of logic, and spared no 
 pains in the vindication of the rights of his clients. He was always listened to 
 with attention and respect by the court, and whenever he was overruled it was 
 with a respectful dissent. The writer of this tribute came to the bar after Mr. 
 Chambers had retired from it, and can not, therefore, speak of him, as an ad- 
 vocate, from personal knowledge. But tradition, to whose generous care 
 the reputation of even the greatest lawyers has too uniformly been commit- 
 ted, has fixed his standard high. His diction was pure and elegant; his state- 
 ment of facts lucid; his reasoning, stripped of all false and vulgar ornament, 
 was severe and logical ; his manner earnest and impressive, and, when inspired 
 by some great occasion, his speech could rise upon steady pinions into the 
 higher realms of oratory. His influence with juries is said to have been im- 
 mense. This arose in part, doubtless, from their unbounded confidence in his 
 sincerity and integrity; for he was one of those old-fashioned professional gen- 
 tlemen who stubbornly refuse to acknowledge the obligation of the profes- 
 sional ethics which teach that a lawyer must gain his client' s cause at all hazards 
 and by any means. While he was distinguished for unfaltering devotion to his 
 client, and an ardent zeal in the protection of his interest, he was not less loyal 
 to truth and justice. When he had given all his learning and his best efforts 
 to the preparation and presentation of his client' s case, he felt that he had 
 done his whole duty. He would as soon have thought of violating the Deca- 
 logue as of achieving victory by artifice and sinister means. His professional 
 word was as sacred as his oath, and he would have esteemed its intentional 
 breach as a personal dishonor. He despised professional charlatanism in all 
 its forms, and had he come in contact with its modern representative, it would 
 have been his abhorrence. 
 
 Washington College, Pennsylvania, manifested its appreciation of his legal 
 learning and personal worth by conferring upon him the degree of LL. D. in 
 the year 1861. This honor, entirely unsolicited and unexpected by him, was a 
 spontaneous mark of distinction, as creditable to the distinguished literary in- 
 stitution that bestowed it as it was well earned by him who received it. Mr. 
 Chambers having determined, in early manhood to devote himself with an un- 
 
628 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 divided fidelity to the study and practice of the law, and to rely upon that 
 profession as the chief architect of his fortune and his fame, very seldoia 
 could be enticed to embark upon the turbulent sea of politics. His tastes and 
 jiabits of thought ran in a different channel. Office-seeking and office-holding 
 were uncongenial pursuits. The coarse vulgarity and bitter wranglings of the 
 ' ' hustings ' ' shocked his sensitive nature. Indeed, no one could be less of a 
 politician, in the popular acceptation of the term. He was as much superior 
 to the tricks of the political intriguer as truth-is superior to falsehood. His na- 
 tive dignity of character, robust integrity, and self-respect, united to an un- 
 bounded contempt for meanness, lifted him so high above the atmosphere of the 
 demagogue, that he knew absolutely nothing of its undercurrents of knavery 
 and corruption. 
 
 But in 1832, at the earnest solicitation of his party, he became a candi- 
 date for Congress in the district composed of the counties of Adams and Frank- 
 lin, and was elected by a majority of about 800. He served through the 
 Twenty -third Congress, the first session of which, commonly called the 
 "Panic Session, " commenced on the 2d of December, 1833. The most con- 
 spicuous and distinguished men of the Nation were members, and the Congress 
 itself the most eventful and exciting that had convened since the adoption of 
 the Constitution. Mr. Chambers was again a candidate and elected to the 
 Twenty-fourth Congress by a greatly increased majority, and at its termina- 
 tion peremptorily declined a re-election. During his congressional career he 
 maintained a high and respectable position among his compeers. He was not 
 a frequent speaker, but his speeches, carefully prepared, closely confined to 
 the question under discussion, and full of information, always commanded the 
 attention of the House. He served on the committee on the expenditures in 
 the department of war, on the committee on naval affairs, on the committee 
 on private land claims, and on the committee on rules and orders in the House. 
 To the discharge of these public duties he gave the same industry, care and 
 ability which always characterized the management of his affairs in private 
 life. He was a conscientious public servant, zealous for the interests of his 
 immediate constituents, and careful about the welfare and honor of the Nation. 
 
 In 1886 Mr. Chambers was elected a delegate from Franklin County to the 
 convention to revise and amend the constitution of Pennsylvania This body 
 convened in Harrisburg on the 2d day of May, 1837, and its membership was 
 ^rgely composed of the foremost lawyers and best intellects of the State. 
 Mr. Chambers was appointed a member of the committee, to which was referred 
 the fifth article of the constitution, relative to the judiciary— by all odds 
 the most important question before the convention. The controversy over this 
 article was bitter and protracted between the advocates of a tenure during 
 good behavior and the advocates of a short tenure for the judges. Mr. Cham 
 bers opposed any change in this respect of the old constitution, and through- 
 out the various pha3es of the angry discussion stood firmly by his convicti^s. 
 
 bers asllnS ? ..^P"^' ^^'^' ^°^- '^°^'^^*«'^ commLioned Mr. Cham- 
 nfj.^Ll ^^^'"^"^ the supreme court, to fill the vacancy caused by the death 
 
 dav o?°th? M ^ ^' ''* T"" *¥ ^'"""^ '^°°^ ^^' ti-« ^^til tlie first Mon- 
 new Indies rfoT^t "''^^''' ^^'''' ^^^"^ *^^ ^'^^^'i^d constitution, the 
 S^vSn in 185ll^!v"°T'''r'- ^' ^"^ nominated by the WhigState 
 Tt^e sameuif/lV ^°®'''' ^f 7^« -defeated along with his colleagues 
 countv In^ J f>f ' A ""^ '^'^'^^'^' ^°^^^«^' fro"^ tl^e voters of his native 
 dS the tie M/?r"^^ '°^^*^'^' ' '''^ complimentary endorsement, 
 imrmg t^e time Mr Chambers was a member of the supreme court he nre 
 pared and dehvered quite a number of opinions, written'^ra pe'pLousS 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBEE8BUBG. 629 
 
 agreeable style, and exhibiting his usual exhaustive research and extensive 
 legal knowledge. Some of these opinions are interesting to the professional 
 reader, and can be found in the fourth volume of Harris' State reports. The 
 most notable among them are the cases of Baxby vs. Linah, in which the effect 
 of a judgment of a court of a sister State in the tribunals of this State is elab- 
 orately discussed; Louden us. Blythe, involving the question of the conclusive- 
 ness of a magistrate's certificate of the acknowledgment by femes covert of 
 deeds and mortgages, and Wilt against Snyder, in which the doctrine of nego- 
 tiable paper is learnedly examined. Mr. Chambers never occupied any other 
 public official stations; but in private life he held many places of trust and re- 
 sponsibility, giving to the faithful discharge of the duties they imposed upon 
 him his best services, and to all enterprises for the advancement of the public 
 good, and the promotion of education and morality, liberally of his substance. 
 
 In 1814 he was elected a manager of the Chambersburg Turnpike Eoad 
 Company, and afterward its president, which positions he filled for half a cen- 
 tury. In the same year he was actively employed in organizing and establish- 
 ing the Franklin County Bible Society, was elected one of its officers, and 
 served as such for many years. He was always a stedfast and consistent 
 friend of the cause of temperance. By precept, by example, and by strong 
 and eloquent advocacy of its principles, he strove to correct public sentiment 
 on this subject, and to arouse it to a proper appreciation of the horrors of in- 
 temperance. He assisted in the organization of a number of societies through- 
 out the county, to which he gave freely such pecuniary aid as they required, 
 and before which he was a frequent speaker. The seed which he thus so dili- 
 gently planted, ripened into a rich harvest of blessed results, the influence of 
 which remains until this day. 
 
 In 1815 Mr. Chambers was elected a trustee of the Chambersburg Acad- 
 emy, and afterward president of the board, resigning the trust after a tenure of 
 forty-five years, because of the increasing infirmities of age. In the same year 
 he was chosen one of the trustees of the Presbyterian Church of Chambers- 
 burg, and in due time became president of the board, from which he retired in 
 July, 1864. He was also for many years a director of the Bank of Chambers- 
 burg, in 1836 was chosen its president, and annually re-elected until pressing 
 business engagements compelled him to decline re-election. The mention of 
 these unostentatious but useful and responsible employments is not improper 
 here, for it serves to illustrate how Mr. Chambers was esteemed in the com- 
 munity where he passed his entire life. 
 
 At the time of his death he was the largest land owner in Tranklin County. 
 He had a passion for agriculture, studied it as a science, and gave much of his 
 leisure to the direction of its practical operations. His knowledge of soils, 
 and of the fertilizers best adapted to them, was extensive and accurate. His 
 familiarity with the boundaries of his farms, and the varieties of timber trees 
 growing upon them, and exactly upon what part of the land they could be 
 found, was so remarkable as to astonish his tenants frequently, and to put 
 them at fault. He was not churlish in imparting all his knovfledge about agri- 
 cultural affairs to his neighbors, and he was ever ready at his own expense to 
 lead the van in every experiment or enterprise which gave a reasonable promise 
 of increasing the knowledge or lightening the labors of the farmer. For the 
 purpose of exciting a generous emulation among the farmers, and facilitating 
 their opportunities for. gaining increased knowledge of their business — although 
 at quite an advanced age — he expended much time and labor in organizing 
 and putting into successful operation the first agricultural society of Franklin 
 County, which he served as president for one year. 
 
ggO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Mr ChamberB was proud of Ms native State, and a devout worshiper of the 
 race whose blood flowed in his veins. These sentiments were deepened and 
 strenjhened by a diligent study of provincial histo^ and an extensive personal 
 acqSance ith the illustrious men whose lives adorned the first years of the 
 Sm^alth. The knowledge which he thus acquired brought lo him the stmg 
 ofXappointment, for his seSse of justice was wounded by the almost con- 
 temSuous historical treatment of the claims anddeedsof that race which more 
 SaU others, had helped to lay the broad foundations of State prosperity, to 
 build churches and school houses, and to advance everywhere the sacred stand- 
 a^ of religious liberty, which had loved freedom and hated the king, and 
 had carried with it into every quarter the blessmgs of civJization, and the hal- 
 lowed influences of the gospel. The spirit of his ancestry called him to the 
 vindication of their race, and he determined— although the sand of his tune- 
 glass was running low— to round off and crown the mdustry of a long life by 
 
 * ^Dming the brief periods of leisure, which the almost constant demands of 
 his business only occasionally afforded him. he prepared and had PuWished, m 
 1856 a volume, which with characteristic modesty, he entitled, A Tribute to 
 the Principles, Virtues, Habits and Public Usefulness of the Irish and Scotch 
 Early Settlers of Pennsylvania, " by a Descendant. This production discloses 
 such a thorough knowledge of the subject, and withal breathes so great a filial 
 reverence for those whose merits it commemorates, that it will doubtless long 
 be read with increasing interest by their descendants. 
 
 Mr. Chambers was an ardent friend of the Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and impressed with the importance of the noble work, for the sake of 
 truth, which it is now performing. The value of his efforts for the elucida- 
 tion of the early history of the province and State, and his moral worth, were 
 generously recognized by the society in his selection to be one of its vice-presi- 
 dents, which honorable office he held at the time of his decease. By the re- 
 quest of the society, Mr. Chambers undertook the preparation of an extended 
 history of a considerable portion of the State of Pennsylvania, including the 
 Cumberland Valley. It was also intended to embrace a compilation and 
 analysis of the various laws and usages governing the acquisition of titles to land 
 in the State, to be supplemented by an annotation of the changes caused there- 
 in by statutory law, and the decisions of the courts from time to time. The 
 manuscript of this work, which had cost much research and labor, was fin- 
 ished and ready for the press on the 30th of July, 1864, when the rebels, under 
 Gen. McCausland, made their cruel foray into Chambersburg, to give the 
 doomed town over to its baptism of fire. It perished in the conflagration of 
 that fearful day — which still haunts, and ever will, the memory of those who 
 witnessed it, like the hideous spectre of a dream. Along with that manuscript 
 perished also a biographical sketch, which was almost ready for publication, 
 of Dr. John McDowell, a native of Franklin County, distinguished for his 
 learning, usefulness, and devoted piety. 
 
 Mr. Chambers lost heavily in property by the burning of Chambersburg. 
 The large stone dwelling-house built by his father in 1787, the house which 
 he had himself erected in 1812, and in which he had lived with his family 
 since 1813, together with four other houses, were totally destroyed. But this 
 pecuniary loss caused him, comparatively, but little regret. His private 
 papers, an extensive correspondence, valuable manuscripts, hallowed relics of 
 the loved and lost ones, many cherished mementoes of friendship, his books so 
 familiar and so prized from constant study and use, the old-fashioned stately 
 furniture, and the precious heirlooms that had come down to him from his an- 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 531 
 
 cestry, all shared the same common ruin. Such things are incapable of mone- 
 tary valuation, and their loss was irreparable. In one half hour the red hand 
 of fire had ruthlessly severed all the links that bound him to Jais former life 
 and thenceforth he walked to the verge of his time isolated and disassociated 
 from the past. This calamity he keenly felt, although he nerved himself 
 against its depressing influences with his characteristic cheerfulness and forti- 
 tude. 
 
 To this cause, also, must be attributed the great lack of present materials 
 for a proper biographical sketch of Mr. Chambers and the difficulties and dis- 
 couragements which the writer of this tribute has encountered in its prepara- 
 tion. Mr. Chambers was deeply moved by the news of the bombardment of 
 Fort Sumter. When he heard the startling intelligence, although in infirm 
 health, it seemed to stir a fever in his blood. He urged the calling of the 
 citizens of Chambersburg together immediately, to take proper measures for 
 assisting in the defense of the Government. He presided at the meeting, 
 and made a touching and eloquent speech, which was responded to on the spot 
 by the enlistment of a full company for the three months' service. A few years 
 before, he had presented a flag to a military company called in his honor the 
 Chambers Infantry. This organization formed the nucleus of the company 
 now enlisted for the stern duties of war, and was among the first in the State 
 to report for service at the headquarters at Harrisburg. From that hour 
 until the last Confederate soldier laid down his arms, Mr. Chambers stood 
 steadfastly by the Union. The darkest hours of the war found him always 
 the same unflinching supporter of the Government, the same staunch patriot, 
 the same irreconcilable opponent of all compromise with treason, and the same 
 defiant and implacable foe of traitors. 
 
 On March 6, 1810, Mr. Chambers married Alice A, Lyon, of Carlisle, 
 daughter of "William Lyon, Esq., prothonotary and clerk of tbe courts of 
 Cumberland County — a lady whose rare virtues and accomplishments cheered 
 and solaced thirty-eight years of his life. Two sons and two daughters, the 
 fruits of this marriage, still survive, and are residents of -Chambersburg. * Mr. 
 Chambers was of medium stature, of slender frame and delicate constitution. 
 He was indebted for the physical strength which enabled him to sustain for 
 so many years the burden of excessive professional labor, solely to his ab- 
 stemious life, regular habits, and almost daily exercise upon horseback. His 
 classical training was excellent, and his knowledge of the Roman authors 
 quite extensive. He was a well-read man, and familiar with the best literature 
 of his own and past times — an acquaintance which he sedulously cultivated 
 until a late period of his life. His library was large and well selected, and 
 open at all times to the deserving, however humble might be their station. 
 Mr. Chambers cared for none of 'the arts of popularity. He was not one "to 
 split the ears of the groundlings. ' ' He had no ambition at all for this. His 
 bearing was dignified and his manners reserved. With the world he doubtless 
 was accredited a cold and proud man; but to those who were admitted to the 
 privileges of an intimate acquaintance, he was a sociable, kind, courteous, and 
 affable gentleman, and a genial and captivating companion. Having acquired 
 a varied fund of knowledge from l|ooks, as well as from a close and intelligent 
 observation of men, his conversation was exceedingly entertaining and instruct- 
 ive. His memory, going back into the last century, had garnered up many 
 interesting reminiscences of the events of that age, and personal recollections of 
 its illustrious men; and when in the unrestrained freedom of social intercourse 
 
 * The tTO sons, BeDjamln and William are yet liTlng, the first a retired attorney, the second president of 
 tbe National Bank of Chambersburg. The dauf^hters are both dead.— [Editorial note, 1887.] 
 
632 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 he opened its- treasures, they furnished, indeed, a rare intellectual entertain- 
 ment to his charmed auditors. But so great was the elevation of his character 
 and the pui-ity of his nature, so intense his self-respect, that I venture to assert 
 that never at any time, under the temptations of the most unreserved conver- 
 sation, did he utter a word or sentiment that might not with perfect propriety 
 have been repeated in the most refined society. He was a sincere and steadfast 
 friend, a kind neighbor and a good and useful citizen. His advice to all who 
 sought it — and they were many, in every walk of life — proved him to be a will- 
 ing," judicious and sympathizing counselor. In the management of his pri- 
 vate affairs he was scrupulously honest and punctual. He required all that 
 was his own, and paid to the uttermost farthing that which was another's. He 
 scorned alike the pusillanimity which would defraud one's self, and the mean- 
 ness which would rob another. But withal he was a generous man. His house 
 was the abode of a most liberal hospitality. His benevolence was large and 
 catholic, manifesting itself in frequent and liberal contributions for the ad- 
 vancement of education and religion. He was kind to the poor and deserving 
 and more than one child of poverty received a good education at his expense. 
 But he did not publish his charities on the streets, nor give his alms before 
 men. He reverently obeyed in this respect the Scriptural injunction, "Let not 
 thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth." 
 
 It would be improper for us, by dwelling longer on his domestic virtues, 
 to invade the sanctity of his home, where they grew into such eminent devel- 
 opment. We know that he was a good husband, a devoted father, and an ex- 
 emplar to his household worthy of the closest imitation. Mr. Chambers was 
 a devout man from his youth, and a sincere and unfaltering believer in the 
 cardinal doctrines of the Christian religion. From childhood he was carefully 
 trained in the tenets of the " Westminister Confession and the Shorter Cate- 
 chism." He drank in a reverence for the Sabbath-day with his mother's milk, 
 which so engrafted itself into his being that no earthly inducement could 
 tempt him to profane it. In 1842 he made a public profession of his faith, and 
 was received into the communion of the Presbyterian Church at Chambers- 
 burg. Thenceforth religion grew from a mere sentiment, or a cold intellect- 
 ual belief, into the guiding principle of "his life. It influenced his conduct 
 toward others and governed his own heart. It kept him untainted from the 
 world in prosperity, and solaced him in adversity. And when the twilight of 
 his last days began to descend upon him, his pathway was illuminated by the 
 light of the gospel, and he walked down to the dark river with a firm step, 
 imclouded by doubts or fears, and with the eye of faith steadily fixed upon the 
 Star of Bethlehem. He died March 25, 1866, in his eighty-first year, be- 
 queathing to his children the heritage of an unspotted name, to posterity an 
 enduring reputation, earned by a life full o{ good and virtuous deeds, and to 
 the aspiring and ambitious youth an example worthy of the highest emulation. 
 
 DANIEL COLESTOCK, contractor and builder, was born in Littlestown, 
 Adams Co., Penn., September 30, 1834, a son of John and Harriet (Little) 
 Colestock. He received an ordinary common school education in his native 
 town and was in attendance one term at Littlestown Academy. He early learned 
 the trade of his father, that of carpenter and cabinet-maker, and for a period 
 of two years worked as journeyman in various places, among which was Wash- 
 ington, D. C, where he, for some months in 1862, was engaged in the treas- 
 ury department. In 1867 or 1868 he commenced as a contractor, and soon 
 after went to Pittsburgh, where he erected some important buildings; then 
 returned to Littlestown, where he resumed his business as a builder and con- 
 tractor, being associated for a time with his brother, John H., and afterward 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 633 
 
 with George Smith until 1874, when, just after the fire which occurred at 
 Chambersburg, he worked as a journeyman for three years at that place, 
 whither he located in the spring of 1876 as a contractor and builder, and where 
 he has since remained. He has here carried on an extensive business, erect- 
 ing many fine structures — among them the insane asylum. In 1883 Mr. Cole- 
 stock was married to a daughter of Barnett Bickly, a former resident of Cham- 
 bersburg, and to this union have been born two daughters and two sons. The 
 parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics Mr. 
 Colestock is Kepublican. 
 
 REV. W. C. CREMER, pastor of Zion's Reformed Church, was born in 
 Lancaster County, Penn., January 1, 1836, youngest son of Charles and 
 Elizabeth (Albert) Cremer. His early life until he was eighteen years of age 
 was passed on a farm, where he received, in the neighboring schools, the rudi- 
 ments of an education. He then returned to the preparatory department of 
 Franklin and Marshall College, at Lancaster (previous to this he had received 
 literary instruction from his pastor, Rev. D. Y. Hysler). He completed the 
 course at Franklin and Marshall College, and was graduated from the institu- 
 tion in 1861. Immediately after his graduation he went to the Theological 
 Seminary at Mercersburg, where he completed a course of study in theology in 
 1863. He was then called to take charge of the Reformed Church at Sunbury 
 Penn. , where he was licensed and ordained May, 1863, and remained as pastor of 
 the church five years. His next appointment was at "Westminster, Carroll Co., 
 Md. , where he remained until coming to Chambersburg in 1876. In August, 
 1863, Mr. Cremer was married to Miss C. M. , daughter of Jacob Gruel, of 
 Lancaster City, Penn. , and to them were born six children, five of whom — one 
 daughter and four sons — are living. 
 
 EDMUND CULBERTSON, M. D., (deceased) was born in Chambersburg, 
 Franklin Co., Penn., January 12, 1812; the eldest son of Dr. Samuel 
 D. Culbertson, who was born in Culbertson's Row, this county, but in 
 early life removed to Chambersburg, where, in 1808, he commenced the prac- 
 tice of medicine. The father of Edmund desired that the latter should enter 
 the profession in which he had been so successful and, in accordance with this 
 wish our subject attended Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and was 
 graduated therefrom in the spring of 1836. He never considered himself 
 adapted to the profession, and had no special enthusiasm for its theories or 
 practice, although he was a careful and close student during his school term. 
 He however determined to make his best efforts to succeed and, shortly after 
 he obtained his degree, located at Jackson, Miss. There he did not remain 
 more than a year until he concluded to return to a more northerly State, and 
 located at Springfield, 111. , where he spent two years. At the close of that 
 period he returned to Chambersburg. The elder Dr. Culbertson, although 
 eminently successful in his profession, had partially abandoned it in later years 
 to engage in another occupation, and in 1836 he wholly gave up his practice 
 for the piu'pose of embarking in the manufacture of straw paper and boards, 
 an industry he carried on for many years, Mr. G. A. Shryock, who first 
 introduced this material as a staple article and manufactured it by machinery, 
 being his partner in the outset. In 1843 Edmund entered into partnership 
 with his father, continuing in this business until 1856. Fojf a time, after re- 
 tiring from the manufacture of paper. Dr. Culbertson was associated with Col. 
 D. O. Gehr and Mr. William L. Chambers in the grain and commission bus- 
 iness, and when this partnership ended he did not again enter into business. 
 In January, 1873, he was chosen president of the national bank of Chambers- 
 burg, a position he filled to the satisfaction of its stockholders for a period of 
 
 34 
 
634 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ten years. At the time of his death he was a trustee of Falling Spring 
 Church, of which he was a consistent member and a constant attendant; a 
 trustee of Chambersburg Academy, being active in its rebuilding; presi- 
 dent of the Franklin County Agricultural Association, and one of the most ac- 
 tive directors of the Taylor Manufacturing Company, as well as one of its 
 largest stockholders. He was also closely identified with the success of other 
 local enterprises and improvements. In 1844 he married Ellen H. , daughter 
 of the late Hon. James -J. Kennedy. The surviving fruits of this union are two 
 sons and two daughters : Emma C. , now Mrs. Chauncey Ives ; Samuel D. , 
 Nancy P. , now Mrs. D. H. Wingerd, and James K. Dr. Culbertson, in 1845, 
 comiected himself with Columbus Lodge, No. 75, I. O. O. F. , of Chambers- 
 burg, and continued one of its most active members until his death, which 
 occurred March 4, 1883. 
 
 GEORGE DENTON, undertaker, Chambersburg, was born in Flushing, 
 Long Island, N. Y., November 21, 1854, the youngest son of John L. and A. 
 V. (Spader) Denton. Until ten years of age he was in attendance at the com- 
 mon schools of his neighborhood, when he took a four years' course at Union 
 Hall" Academy, Jamaica, Long Island, and subsequently a four years' course at 
 Freehold Institute, Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. Y. He was reared on a 
 farm, and during vacations he assisted in the pursuits incident to farm life. 
 When young he was engaged for a year and a half as clerk in his native town. 
 In 1874 he identified himself with the firm of Hallett & Co. of Flushing, in 
 the furniture and imdei-taking business, and in 1876 became a partner in the 
 same firm, which partnership continued until June 21, 1884, when he disposed 
 of his interest in the business. In October, 1885, he came to Chambersburg, 
 and purchased the undertaking business of J. Coover, which was established 
 by the latter gentleman in 1865. The establishment is the most extensive of 
 its kind in Chambersburg, and perhaps in the Cumberland Valley, and is 
 fully equipped throughout. In 1877 Mr. Denton was married to Frances A. 
 Hallett, and to them have been born two sons, and one daughter: Wm. V., 
 born August 16. 1878; Clarence H., born August 30, 1880, and Mabel H., 
 born November 13, 1882. Our subject is a member of the Episcopal Chnmh, 
 also of the Masonic fraternity, which he joined in February, 1880. 
 
 JOHN DOEBLER, saloon-keeper, Chambersburg, was born in Chambers- 
 burg, this county, January 25, 1825; eldest son of Louis and Agnes (Nitter- 
 house) Doebler. Louis Doebler was a native of Lebanon County, Penn., 
 born about 1794. He was a soldier in the war of 1812 from that county, and 
 came to Franklin County, Penn., about 1815. He engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of sickles for a number of years but afterward became an employe in a 
 paper-mill, where he continued until his death, February 14, 1846. He 
 raised to maturity a family of five chUdren, of whom one daughter and two 
 sons survive John Doebler was educated in the public schools of Chambers- 
 burg In 1842 he commenced an apprenticeship to the coach-maker's trade, 
 Tvjich lasted four years, then worked as journeyman for various firms untU 
 18&B, when he engaged in saloon- keeping till the breaking out of the Rebellion. 
 He responded to the first call in 1861 (was first lieutenant of a militia com- 
 pany at the tune) and was appointed captain of Company B, Second Regi- 
 ment, Pennsylvama Volunteer Infantry, and served three months. He then raised 
 Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth Regiment Pennsylvama Volun- 
 iT-q -T^ and with it took part in all the engagements up to the battle of 
 Fredericksbi^g, December 13, 1862, when he was disabled and was an inmate 
 of Seminary Hospital, at Georgetown, for some months. He returned home, 
 after regaimng his strength, in 1863. He was elected diiector of the poor for 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBUBG. 635 
 
 a term of ihree years, and while filling that office (in 1865) was elected sher- 
 iff of the county for a term of three years. In 1871 Mr. Doebler became a 
 partner of P. H. Peiffer in the coach-making business, and continued a member 
 of the firm of Doebler & Peiffer a little over three years; then embarked in the 
 restaurant business in his present location on North Second Street, and here 
 has a successful trade. Oui- subject was married in 1851, to Adeline Susan, 
 daughter of Daniel Hull, a former well known resident of Chambersburg, 
 Penn. They are the parents of one son, Daniel L., a machinist by trade, 
 employed by the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company. Mrs. Doebler is a 
 member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Doebler is a Mason and a member of 
 the I. O. O. F. and of the G. A. E. He served as a member of the town coun- 
 cil from the North Ward in 1864 and 1865, and was burgess of the borough 
 for three continuous years, commencing in 1868. In politics he is a Re- 
 publican. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. DURE, blacksmith, Chambersburg, was born in Greene 
 Township, Franklin County, Penn., August 12, 1835, eldest son of Jacob and 
 Mary (Kunkel) Duke. Jacob Duke, who was born in Cumberland County, 
 Penn., in 1801, came to Franklin County about 1830; he was a miller by trade 
 and carried on a, mill in Culbertson's Row for many years; he removed to 
 Chambersburg in 1852 and here died in 1879. He reared to maturity a family 
 of seven children, of whom four are living, one daughter and three sons. 
 Benjamin F. Duke was educated in the public schools of Greenvillage. He 
 was reared on a farm, working for others till seventeen years old. In the fall 
 of 1852 he commenced an apprenticeship of three years with Abraham Metz, 
 at the trade of a blacksmith, and with him subsequently worked as journeyman 
 till April, 1864, when he commenced business on his own account on the corner 
 of Water and Washington Streets, just opposite his present location. He met 
 with a loss in July of the same year in the burning of his shop and tools, but 
 he immediately resumed business, and in 1880 removed to his present location 
 on the southwest corner of Water and Washington Streets, where he has con- 
 tinued a successful and prosperous blacksmith. Mr. Duke was married in 
 1857, to Margaret, daughter of Adam Bolles, a former resident of Chambers- 
 biu'g, this county. To him and his wife have been born thirteen children, 
 of whom ten survive, three daughters and seven sons. Mrs. Duke is a member 
 of Zion's Reformed Church. Mr. Duke has been a member of the I. O. 0. F. 
 since 1866. 
 
 AUGUSTUS DUNCAN, Chambersburg, was born in Franklin Township, 
 Adams County, Penn., March 8, 1829, son of A. S. E. and Mary (Mark) Duncan. 
 He was educated in the public schools and the preparatory department of Frank- 
 lin and Marshall College, then at Meroersburg, Penn. Prior to completing his 
 education he had learned the carpenter's trade. Our subject was married in 
 1853 to Florence Rowan. The same year he moved to Guilford Township, 
 this coimty, where he took charge of the Duncan Mills, at Falling Springs, 
 which he conducted until 1860, doing an extensive merchant-milling business. 
 In 1860 he came to Chambersburg, and in 1867 he published the Valley Spirit, 
 in connection with J. M. Cooper and W. S. Stenger, later under the firm name 
 of Duncan & Stenger, and remained in this enterprise until 1876, since when 
 he has led rather a retired life, oaring for his farms in Guilford Township, and 
 in attending to his duties as one of the commissioners of the fisheries of Penn- 
 sylvania, to which position he was appointed by Gov. Pattison in 1884. Mr. 
 Duncan served as a member of the town council, from the Second Ward, in 
 1882-83. He is a director of the Chambersburg National Bank, and also of 
 the Chambersburg Gas Company To Mr. and Mrs. Duncan were born three 
 
g30 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 children, two of whom died in infancy, and one, a daughter, at the age of fif- 
 teen Mrs Duncan departed this life in 1860. Our subject is a disciple of 
 the noted Izaak Walton, and a substantial and esteemed citizen. In politics 
 
 he is a Democrat. ,-,,^,1.1- u 
 
 DANIEL EBBESOLE, coal and lumber dealer, Chambersburg, was born 
 in Guilford Township, Franklin County, Penn., April 11, 1841, son of Christian 
 and Mary (Brubacker) Ebersole. His early life was passed on a farm where 
 he received an ordinary common-school education. On the death of his father 
 in 1865 he took charge of the home, and in 1867 was married to Carrie E., 
 daughter of Jacob Bixler, formerly a resident of Greene Township. He en- 
 gaged in lime-burning on the home place for the Adams County trade, deliver- 
 ing the product by teams; and doing an extensive business until 1878. From 
 the fall of the latter year until the fall of 1881 he acted as agent for C. Altman 
 &Co., of Canton, Ohio, dealing in agricultural implements. In the fall of 
 1881 he became a member of the firm of Finney & Ebersole, dealers in coal, 
 lumber and agricultural implements, which partnership continued until January, 
 1885. when it was dissolved, Mr. Ebersole remaining in his present location 
 on West Market Street, where he has since dealt in coal, lumber and farming 
 implements, retaining the agency for Altman & Co. He carries a large stock 
 in his line and is doing an extensive business. To Mr. and Mrs. Ebersole 
 have been born three sons and four daughters, all living: Harry B., Emma 
 K., Nannie V., Daniel C, Mary A., Edgar S. and Carrie M. Mr. Ebersole 
 still resides on the home farm in Guilford Township, located two miles and a 
 half from Chambersburg. The farm comprises 104 acres, and is the place on 
 which his father located in about 1840. In politics he is a Eepublican. 
 
 ERNST ECKHAEDT, boot and shoe dealer, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Kamenz, Saxony, Germany, January 21, 1833, third bom of Johannes and 
 Catharine (Snyder) Eckhardt. Our subject was educated in the schools of 
 Kamenz, and when but fourteen years of age commenced an apprenticeship of 
 three and three-quarters years at shoe- making. He then worked as journeyman 
 in various cities of his native land until immigrating to America in 1857. He 
 came direct to Chambersburg, this county, and worked as journeyman here 
 for three years. During this time he was married, July 18, 1858, to Justina 
 Sophia Bauer, who was born in Germany April 9, 1834. In 1861 he purchased 
 the site of his home, corner of Market and Federal Streets, and erected a portion 
 of his present residence. He commenced the shoemaking business on his own 
 accomit, which he continued until enlisting in Company D, Two Hundred and 
 Tenth Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. He participated with that 
 regiment in the battles of Hatcher' s Run and Gravely Eun, and was present at 
 the surrender of Gen. Lee. He served until the close of the war and was 
 mustered out at Harrisburg, Penn. , in June, 1865. He then returned to civil 
 life and resumed his business which he has since conducted successfully. In 
 1866 our subject visited his mother (since deceased) in Germany. He com- 
 pleted his present residence and shop in 1868. Mr. and Mrs. Eckhardt have 
 had eight children, of whom six are living: Katie C, Sophia C. and Mary E., 
 all residents of Philadelphia, Penn. ; and Charles H. , Martha H. and Eliza A. , 
 at home. The family are members of the German Lutheran Church. 
 
 EEV. JOHN EDGAE, Ph. D., now (1887) and for the last four years 
 president of Wilson Female College at Chambersburg, is the son of James 
 Edgar, a Scotchman, who, with his wife, followed the profession of teaching 
 before removing to this country in 1849. The subject of this sketch passed his 
 youth in the city of Philadelphia; went through its system of public schools, 
 and graduated with credit in June, 1860, from its public high school, an in- 
 
BOKOUGH OF OHAMBERSBUEG. 037 
 
 stihition having collegiate standing, and presided over during most of Mr. 
 Edgar's course by Dr. John S. Hart, a graduate of Princeton, and afterward 
 professor of rhetoric in Princeton. Mr Edgar, after graduating, taught for five 
 years; first for two years near Dover, Del., and then gave up that posi- 
 tion for oae in Delaware County of his own State, and nearer his parents' home. 
 "While in this position, and holding it only for a few months, he was, though 
 not yet of age, elected principal of the Twenty-fourth School in Philadelphia, 
 and held it for nearly three years, until he determined to go to the Theological 
 Seminary at Andover, Mass., in the fall of 1865, to prepare for entrance into 
 the Presbyterian ministry. After graduating from Andover in the fall of 1868, 
 he was licensed by the former Philadelphia Fourth Presbytery then sitting in 
 old Pine Street Church of that city, the church in which Mr. Edgar had been 
 brought up, mainly under the long pastorate of Eev. Thomas H. Brainerd, 
 D. D., and where Mr. Edgar's parents belonged as members. His ordina- 
 tion the following spring was the act of the old Donegal Presbytery, now the 
 Westminster, Mr Edgar having accepted the charges of the Mount Joy and 
 old Donegal Churches in Lancaster County, Penn. Shortly after leaving his 
 first charge he was married, in 1870, to Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Thomas 
 M. Boggs, a former pastor of the old Donegal Church, and founder of the 
 Mount Joy and Marietta Churches, a tablet in the vestibule of the latter church 
 bearing testimony to the worth and labor of the founder, whose brother was 
 also a pastor in the adjoining Paxton and Derry Churches, both brothers being 
 thus prominent in the religious history of the central portion of the State, and 
 holding*in their lifetime these two old and historic churches of Donegal and 
 Derry. After marriage Mi-. Edgar accepted the charge of the Presbyterian 
 church at New Bloomfield, Penn. , about twenty-five miles west of Harrisburg, 
 and was pastor there for thirteen years, and until he resigned to take the 
 presidency of Wilson College. This course had been suggested to him some 
 years before, and was then pressed upon him by many of his fellow presbyters 
 who knew his early training in educational work, and also that he had not lost 
 his love for such work nor his connection with it, for while pastor at New 
 Bloomfield he had been induced to reorganize its declining academy, and had 
 for many years, with the assistance of good helpers, made it a successful work. 
 His feelings at the time that Wilson was first suggested to him, that he might 
 seem as one who had put his hands to the plow and turned back, have been 
 overruled by a gracious Providence, for, in the few years of Mr. Edgar' s work 
 at Wilson, many of his pupils have each year sought church connection, and 
 indeed, the proviso of Wilson's charter, that its president shall always be a 
 minister, was inserted by those who recognized, as does Mr. Edgar now, that 
 a coUege is a parish in itself, and such has been the aim of Wilson's manage- 
 ment, and the success has been not simply in mental and material progress, 
 but in spiritual also. 
 
 COL. JAMES G. ELDEE (deceased) was born in Bridgeport, Franklin 
 Co., Penn., February 22, 1822. He was brought up oi a farm and re- 
 ceived only an ordinary cotnmon-school education. Early in life he learned 
 the trade of whip-maker, and conducted that business in St. Thomas, this 
 county, for many years, then, in company with Col. Dunlop Dixon (Sixth Penn- 
 sylvania Reserves), embarked in mercantile business in the same village, which 
 they carried on for a period of years. As soon as the Rebellion broke out, Mr. 
 Elder, with the military company of which he was captain, offered his services 
 for three months, and was captain of Company B, Second Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment. At the expiration of the three months he re-enlisted as colonel of the 
 One Hundred and Twenty- sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was wounded 
 
638 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 in the hip at the battle of Fredericksburg, in the spring of 1862, and 
 was present during the burning of the town that year by ih-^ rebels. Col. 
 Elder served the people of Franklin County one term as treasurer, after the 
 expiration of which he became a partner in the Franklin County Bank, with 
 which he was connected several years. He then occupied himself attending to 
 a farm, just outside the borough limits, which he managed until his death, 
 which occurred October 16, 1882. February 17, 1845, Col. Elder was married 
 to Maiy E. , daughter of John and Catherine Brindle, and born in Erie County, 
 Penn., February 4, 1827. To this union nine children have been bom, of 
 whom six— four sons and two daughters — are living. Col. Elder was a member 
 of the Presbyterian Church, and an influential and highly esteemed citizen. 
 In politics he was a Eepublican. His widow is a resident of Chambersburg. 
 
 CHARLES EVANS, contractor and builder, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Hamilton Township, Franklin County, Penn., October 29, 1813, son of Edward 
 and Mary (Nitterhouse) Evans. Edward Evans was also a native of Hamilton 
 Township and his ancestors were among the pioneers of the county. He reared 
 to maturity a family of nine children, of whom but three (sons) survive. He died 
 about nine years ago at the ripe age of ninety years. Charles Evans improved 
 such educational advantages as the schools of the district afforded, and ac- 
 quired a fair English training. Until fifteen years of age he resided on a 
 farm, when he commenced an apprenticeship of six years at the trade of car- 
 penter and joiner with his uncle, Philip Nitterhouse, of Chambersburg, and 
 in 1837 went into partnership with him. The firm of Nitterhouse & Evans 
 built the court-house at Chambersburg, which was destroyed in 1864 by the 
 rebels. The partnership continued until the death of Mr. Nitterhouse in about 
 1847, when the business was continued for a number of years by Mr. Evans, 
 who then engaged in farming in Greene and Hamilton Townships, at which he 
 was 03cupied until the spring of 1864, when he returned to Chambersburg, 
 where he has since resided. He then at once resumed the business of con- 
 tracting and building, and has planned and erected a number of the substantial 
 structures in Chambersburg and surrounding country. His son, C. E. Evans, 
 has been a partner with him for the past five years, the firm being C. & C. E. 
 Evans, carryiag on an extensive business, employing from six to ten hands, 
 aad in connaction with the business they conduct a planing-mill. About 1838 
 Mr. Evans was married to Margaret, daughter of Michael Minnich, an early 
 settler of Chambersburg, and to this union were born sixteen children, of whom 
 seven are living — three daughters and four sons. . The mother died in May, 
 1878, a lifelong mamber of the German Reformed Church. Our subject ia 
 one of the old and highly esteemed residents of ClTambersburg. 
 
 GEORGE EYSTER, son of George S. Eyster, a merchant of Chambers- 
 burg, was born in that town in February, 1832, and died suddenly in Philadel- 
 phia, December 29, 1886. After having obtained a common-school education 
 he entered Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, graduating from there 
 about the year 1850. On the 12th of April, 1854, he was admitted to the 
 Franklin County bar, and in October, 1860, was elected district attorney of 
 Franklin County. In October, 1854, he became partner and editor of the 
 Transcript, the Know-nothing organ, which in December, 1855, was consoli- 
 dated with the Repository. He continued a member of the new firm for sev- 
 eral years. Early in the beginning of the war Mr. Eyster was appointed pro- 
 vost-marshal for the Southern Pennsylvania District, comprising Fulton, Frank- 
 hn, Bedford and Somerset Counties. This position he occupied until the office 
 was abolished, and at its discontinuance he took up his practice of law in 
 Chambersburg. In 1868 he was appointed by Gen. Grant to the office of 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 639 
 
 assistant treasurer of the United States at Philadelphia and remained in that 
 capacity until last June, when he was succeeded by S. Davis Page, the pres- 
 ent incumbent. Mr. Eyster again took up the practice of his profession in 
 Philadelphia, but on account of ill-health could do very little in that line. As 
 a lawyer he displayed many strong qualities. While assistant treasurer he 
 was very popular among the business community and performed his duties with 
 much satisfaction to the department at Washington. 
 
 WILLIAM C. FINNEY, dealer in coal and lumber, Chambersburg, was 
 born in St. Thomas Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , July 14, 1835, eldest 
 son of William C. and Margaret (Spahr) Finney. When our subject was an 
 infant his father died and he became an inmate of the family of William Brat- 
 ten of St. Thomas Township, He was reared a farmer, and his opportunities 
 for obtaining an education were confined to the common schools of his neigh- 
 borhood. At the age of eighteen years he commenced learning the carpenter 
 and joiner trade, and after finishing his apprenticeship worked for others until 
 1866, when he commenced business in connection with a Mr. McCoy, under 
 the firm title of McCoy & Finney, contractors and builders. Subsequently he 
 carried on the business himself, and in the spring of 1877 the firm of Lortz 
 & Finney, dealers in lumber and coal, was formed. Since then the firm 
 changed several times and our subject is now alone conducting the business, 
 which is in a 'flourishing condition. In 1857 Mr. Finney was married to 
 Louisa Hoover, and to them have been born three children, two now living: 
 WiUiam Edgar, a citizen of Chambersburg, and David Howard, now assisting 
 his father in the business. The family attend Zion's Reformed Church. In 
 politics our subject is a Democrat. 
 
 REV. JOHN POHL, United Brethren minister, Chambersburg, was born 
 in Antrim Township, Franklin Co., Penn., June 7, 1815, a son of John and 
 Susannah (Gilbert) Fohl, who came to Antrim Township from Adams County, 
 Penn., in 1809. Our subject grew up amid agricultural pursuits, attending, 
 during the winter seasons, the country schools, until 1832. May 10 he was 
 converted to God, and joined the United Brethren Church, and later in the 
 same year attended the Gettysburg school. December 2, 1835, he entered 
 the itinerancy of the United Brethren Church as a minister, and March 1, 1836, 
 was assigned to Clearfield Circuit, which embraced the territory of five 
 counties, a circumference of 250 miles through the forests and over the 
 mountains, his salary being |80. He next traveled Washington Circuit, 
 which embraced a portion of five counties, and on which he remained one year. 
 He received, for the labors of his second year, $34. Frequently he had neither 
 road nor path, but was governed by blazed trees through the dense forest, 
 wherein were bears, panthers and wild cats, also deer in abundance. He traveled 
 many miles in that A-eary country, weeping and praying as he went for support- 
 ing grace. He was appointed to the Chambersburg Circuit in the year 1838-39. 
 In the church of the United Brethren in Chambersburg, November 8, 1838, a 
 great revival occurred, which was continued day and night for five weeks, during 
 which about eighty-five souls were converted and added to the church. March 
 7, 1839, Ml-. Fohl was married to Mary Radebaugh, one of the converts of 
 said revival. After marriage he became a settled pastor of the church at 
 Chambersburg, which was then constituted a station, and served the charge 
 one year. In 1840 he was elected presiding elder and traveled the district for 
 three yeai;s following, after which he was appointed to Shiremanstown station, 
 and served the people there three years. His next appointment was to the 
 Littlestown Circuit, Adams County, Penn., which he traveled two years, then 
 was sent to York Spring Mission, thence to Lancaster Circuit, which he trav- 
 
640 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 eled for two years. In the spring of 1853 he moved to Indiana, and was a 
 resident of that State fifteen years, during which period he was city mission- 
 rary in Cincinnati for one year; while in Indiana was engaged as agent for the 
 American Bible Society and American Sunday School Union. In the fall of 1867 
 he returned to Penn. , and after laboring in various places, again traveled the 
 York Spring Circuit one year, thence to Mont Alto one year; thence one year 
 to Mercersburg Circuit; in 1871 he was stationed at Mount Joy, in Lancaster 
 County, and since that time has been without a charge, but has labored as a 
 home missionary in different counties and without compensation. To the 
 marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Fohl, eleven children were born (nine still living) — 
 five daughters and six sons. 
 
 M. A. POLTZ, Chambersburg, is the seventh son of Christian and Han- 
 nah Foltz, and was born in Letterkenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., 
 July 2, 1837. He had no educational advantages other than those afforded by 
 the common schools until sent to Wilkes Barre, Penn. , where he obtained a 
 brief academic course. He returned home in 1854 and after working for one 
 year on the farm entered the office of the Transcript, Chambersburg, in April, 
 1855. That paper merged into the Repository in December of the same year, 
 in which office Mr. Foltz completed his trade in 1858. He was appointed 
 foreman of that office three months before he was free, and continued as such 
 until April, 1859, when he purchased a half interest in the Times with P. D. 
 Frey. In the presidential campaign of 1860 the establishment was sold to 
 Messrs. Sellers & Kennedy, his services being retained in the capacity of 
 foreman. In 1861 he was tendered the foremanship and superintendency of 
 the Messenger office, a position he accepted and held until the burning of 
 Chambersburg. While in this establishment he was pressed into the service 
 of the Confederacy for the printing at Lee's headquarters during the invasion 
 antedating the battle of Gettysburg in 1863. A year later he was one of the 
 citizens arrested as hostages for the money demand made upon Chambersburg 
 prior to its burning. In the fall and winter of 1864-65 he was pressman in 
 the Repository office. In the spring of 1865 he formed a second partnership 
 with P. D. Frey, this time engaging in the hat and shoe business. He retired 
 from that occupation a year later, however, and returning to his old employ- 
 ment, embarking in the job printing business in May, 1866, in connection 
 with which he published a monthly advertising sheet, entitled The Country 
 Merchant. In July, 1869, he started the Public Opinion, of which he is still 
 editor and proprietor. From this it will be seen that he has been identified for 
 over a quarter of a century with the newspaper business of Chambersburg. 
 His success has been carved with his own hands, for when he entered Cham- 
 bersburg in 1855, he had nothing to depend on but what he might earn. The 
 enterprise which he established for himself eleven years later has grown into a 
 flourishing one, and was a success from the start. Its views are widely copied 
 and it IS influential wherever it circulates. The business and material inter- 
 ests of Franklin County have always found a warm and zealous advocate in M. 
 A. Foltz, through the medium of his paper. It was for the Opinion to take 
 the imtiative m all the recent local raUroad enterprises, the erection of the 
 water works m Chambersburg, the reorganization of the Franklin County 
 Agricultural Society, and many other important matters. Of more recent date 
 was its advocacy of the transfer of the Taylor works and Wolf & Hamaker'fl 
 estabhshment to Chambersburg. Mr. Foltz has sought to make his jdumal a 
 distinctively county paper, and, whilst Eepublican in politics, he has never 
 ^esiUted to assert his independence when the public welfare seemed to demand 
 It. He has never held office, though he frequently has represented his party in 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 641 
 
 the county, district, and State conventions, and his paper has done good serv- 
 ice for the county organization. He married, November 6, 1860, Charlotte 
 S., second daughter of Samuel and Susan Etter, and granddaughter of God- 
 frey Greenawalt, a union that was blessed with five children: Helen M. (who 
 died in infancy), William E. , Emma M. , Herbert C. and Edward G. 
 
 WILLIAM FORBES, blacksmith, Chambersburg, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., May 13, 1814, son of Joseph and Anna 
 (Perry) Forbes. Joseph Forbes, a native of Ireland, immigrated to America 
 about the commencement of the present century, and built a house in St. 
 Thomas Township, this county, in which he kept hotel for many years. (He 
 was a weaver by trade, which he carried on, as well as that of butcher, and 
 during the war of 1812-14 he butchered for the army.) He reared to maturity 
 seven children, of whom three survive — one daughter and two sons — and died 
 October 19, 1824 ; his widow died October 17, 1832. Our subject was educated 
 in the public schools. He was thrown on his own resources at the age of twelve, 
 and worked for others till his twentieth year, when, in December, 1834, he 
 commenced an apprenticeship of three years at blacksmithing. He then 
 worked as journeyman in various places until his marriage, November 11, 
 1841, with Margaret Sanderson, a native of Shippensburg, Cumberland Co. , 
 Pemi., born December 18, 1823. Of the seven children born to this union 
 five are now living — ^three daughters and two sons. After mamage Mr. Forbes 
 resided in Cumberland County, Penn., some eighteen years, and engaged in 
 blacksmithing. In 1859 he came to Funkstown, Franklin County, remaining 
 there tUl the faU of 1862, when he came to Chambersburg and opened the 
 blacksmith shop he still owns, and which he conducted until 1885. He is a 
 successful business man. Mrs. Forbes died December 19, 1884. Mr. Forbes 
 (as was also his wife) is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 JOSEPH N. FORBES, dealer in marble and granite, Chambersburg, was 
 born in Mifflin Township, Cumberland Co., Penn., December 29, 1845, son 
 of William and Margaret (Sanderson) Forbes. He attended the schools of his 
 neighborhood, and in the fall of 1861 his parents removed to Chambersburg, 
 where for several years he received the benefits of the public schools. In 
 May, 1864, he commenced serving an apprenticeship of three years as marble- 
 cutter with John A. Grove. Subsequently he acquired a further knowledge 
 of the trade in Pittsburgh, where he worked four years. In 1872 Mr. Forbes 
 commenced for himself at Blairsville, Indiana Co., Penn., and there carried 
 on the business four years, and then for eighteen months at Shippensburg. 
 June 14, 1877, he was married to Lydia Altman, a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. A recently published article thus alludes to our subject, 
 and the establishment of which he is at the head: "Eight years ago the yard 
 we refer to was founded by Forbes & Earhart, who continued in partnership 
 for four years, when Mr. Earhart was succeeded by John Manning. One year 
 afterward Mr. Manning retired, since which time Mr. Forbes has conducted the 
 business alone, at the corner of North Main and King Streets, where a build- 
 ing 32x32 feet is occupied, the ground used being 33x70 feet. Six hands are 
 employed in the busy season, and work is shipped to all parts of the valley 
 and surrounding counties, a $1,000 Scotch granite monument being now fin- 
 ished for the Greencastle Cemetery. The stock of finished work kept on hand 
 by Mr. Forbes is unequaled, and all work is finished in the highest style of the 
 sculptor's art, as this gentleman is a workman of twenty years' experience, 
 and personally superintends all work. His prices for monuments, enclosure, 
 statuary tablets, etc., are the very lowest consistent with first-class work. He 
 is an honorable business man and upright citizen, and we know that in the 
 
642 BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES: 
 
 future, as in tlie past, he will continue to produce the best work in this sec- 
 
 tioii-" ' . ^ 
 
 GEOEGE FOREMAN, merchant, Chambersburg, was bom in Waynes- 
 
 bgro, Franklin County, February 14, 1819, son of Frederick and Sardi (Bur- 
 ger) Foreman. He grew up amid agricultural pursuits, and received instruc- 
 tion in the common schools of Quincy Township, and in 1847 attended school 
 in' Waynesboro, Geo. S. Foulk, teacher, where he completed his education. 
 He then taught school for some time, and during the summers was engaged 
 in farming, teaming, etc. In 1852 he removed to Harrisonburg, Va., and there 
 went into the notion business for one year, when he returned to Quincy, Frank- 
 lin County, and entered mercantile business, which he pursued for several 
 years. In the fall of 1859 he became a resident of Chambersburg, having 
 been appointed clerk of the board of county commissioners, a position he 
 filled continuously imtil April, 1870. In June, 1872, he was appointed United 
 States storekeeper in the internal revenue service, the duties of which office 
 he performed untU July, 1885. In March, 1885, he purchased the grocery on 
 the comer of Queen and Third Streets, which now claims his attention. Mr. 
 Foreman was married; in 1853, to Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew Davis, a 
 laborer and well -known resident of Quincy Township, and to the marriage 
 have been born ten children: Edward W., Gerrett D. (deceased), George W., 
 Anderson, Charles (deceased), Rachel (deceased), Florence May, Susan E., 
 Henrietta J. , Edith (deceased). Mr. and Mrs. Foreman and part of th6 family 
 are members of the German Reformed Church. In politics he is a Republican. 
 The father of our subject, Frederick Foreman, was bom in 1787, in Washing- 
 ton Township, Franklin County, where about that year his father, also named 
 Frederick, was a pioneer. Frederick Foreman, the second, had a family of 
 seven children, one daughter and three sons of whom survive. The father died 
 in 1823. The mother of this subject was born in Virginia in 1792, her parents 
 being natives and pioneers of this county. 
 
 ALEXANDER FRITZ (deceased) was born in Warren Township, Frank- 
 lin Co., Penn., February 20, 1819, eldest child of Frederick and Margaret 
 (Bevens) Fritz. He grew to manhood on his father's farm and received such 
 education as the schools of the neighborhood afforded. At the age of twenty- 
 two years he left the farm and went to Oliio, remained there about a year and a 
 half, returned to Mercersburg, and for the next two-and-a-half years was here 
 employed in stage-driving from Mercersburg to Greencastle. He located in 
 Chambersburg in 1849, where he continued in the same occupation, driving a. 
 stage from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, and subsequently drove to and from 
 other points in this vicinity. In 1852 he was appointed agent at Chambers- 
 burg of the various stage routes, which position he held for four years, and dur- 
 ing that time, in 1853, married in Chambersburg, Barbara, daughter of David 
 Bachtel, a former well-known resident of Hamilton Township, this county. 
 About 1855 or 1856, he was appointed baggage master from Harrisburg to 
 Hagerstown, and later from Harrisburg to Martinsburg, W. Va., and served in 
 that capacity until Feburaiy, 1882, when declining health compelled him to relin- 
 quish the position, and from that year Mr. Fritz led a retired life. He died 
 September 16, 1886, a member of the Central Presbyterian Church. Mr. Fritz 
 was a self-made man, and a good citizen. He built a handsome residence on 
 the site of his home that was destroyed by fire in 1864, the fmits of industry 
 and economy. Mrs. Fritz is a member of the Central Presbyterian Church. 
 
 W. RUSH GILLAN, attorney at law, Chambersburg, was born in Hamilton 
 Township Franklin Co., Penn.,AprU3, 1850, the youngest son of John and Mar- 
 garet (. W alter) GiUan. He removed with his parents to St. Thomas Township, 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEESBUKG. 643 
 
 this county, where he attended school, alternately with farming pursuits, until 
 the age of seventeen. He then taught school for one season, and in 1868 the 
 family removed to Letter kenny Township, this county, where our subject at- 
 iended an advanced school for three months. He then taught in various places, 
 including the graded school in St. Thomas, for two winters, and conducted a 
 private school in the same place during the summer. In the fall of 1871 he 
 entered Mereersburg College, which he attended one session, and then engaged 
 in clerking for some months. In August, 1872, he came to Chambersburg and 
 engaged in the grocery trade until 1875. That year he was elected clerk of 
 the courts for three years, during which period he was also engaged in reading 
 law in the office of Hon. W. S. Stenger and James A. McKnight; admitted to 
 the bar September 1, 1879, and immediately commenced practice, which he 
 has since continued with success. In 1874, Mr. Gillan was school director, 
 and in 1879-80, was clerk of the town council. From 1882 to 1885 he was at- 
 torney to the board of county commissioners, and is at present school director 
 from the Third Ward. Mr. Gillan married in February, 1874, Lucy M. , 
 daughter of Joseph Winger, of Clay Lick, this county, and by her has one son 
 and three daughters: Arthur, Mabel, Euth and Abigail. The parents are 
 members of the Reformed Church. Mr. Gillan is a member of the board of 
 regents of Mereersburg College. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 THOMAS E. GILLAND, attorney at law, Chambersburg, was born in An- 
 trim Township, Franklin Co., Penn., December 25, 1840, eldest son of Thomas 
 and Susan (Conrod) Gilland. He was reared on his father' s farm in Antrim 
 Township, in the schools of which he received a fair English education, which 
 enabled him to teach school successfully for fifteen winter sessions In August, 
 1862, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Regiment, 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, which was placed in the Eighteenth Army 
 Corps, and during his term of service he participated in the various skirmishes 
 and engagements of the command. He was discharged, and mustered out of 
 the service at Chambersburg, in the fall of 1863. The following year he 
 passed in the State of Indiana, returning to the home place in the fall of 1865, 
 and for the next fourteen years was engaged in farming, teaching, and reading 
 law in the office of Stenger & McKnight. In September, 1879, he was admitted 
 to the bar, and commenced the practice of his profession at Chambersburg, in 
 connection with which he served as clerk of the county commissioners, during 
 the years 1882-83-84, since which time he has devoted his attention wholly 
 to law, and is at present attorney for the town council. In 1868 Mr. Gilland 
 was married to Miss A. E. , daughter of William Vanderau, of Chambersburg, 
 and to this union one son, Edgar E. , was born, April 3, 1870. Mr. Gilland 
 has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for many years, and a member of the G. 
 A. R. since the organizatipn of P. B. Housum Post, No. 309, of which he is at 
 present commander, also aid-de-camp to the commander-in-chief of the Na- 
 tional department of the G. A. E. In politics he is a Democrat. He and 
 family are members of the German Eeformed Church. 
 
 B. FEANK GILMOEE, youngest son of William Gilmore (deceased), was 
 born in Chambersburg, September 13, 1843, and attended the public schools un- 
 til 1860. He was married in 1869 to Miss Laura E. Black, of Newville, Penn., 
 and they have one child, Harry M. Gilmore, living. Our subject learned tel- 
 egraphing in 1861, and in May of that year took a position in the Atlantic & 
 Ohio office at Chambersburg, in which position he remained until August, 
 1864. During this period, as is well known, Chambersburg was an important 
 military station, and the duties of the office were not only arduous, but at times 
 of vast importance to the authorities at Harrisburg and Washington. Mr. Gil- 
 
644 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 more has in his possession the key to the cipher used in transmitting dispatches 
 between these points, and as there were but four in the department, it is likely 
 that this is the only one in existence. During Lee's invasion in 1863, in com- 
 pany with T. C. Wilson, a New York Herald reporter, and three linemen, Mr. 
 Gilmore traveled down the Cumberland Valley on a hand-car in front of Jen- 
 kins' cavalry, the advance of Lee's army. The authorities at Harrisburg were 
 thus kept advised every little while of the situation, which was telegraphed 
 them from fence corners, way stations, etc. Col. A. K. McClure, now the editor 
 of the Philadelphia Times, but during the war a resident of Chambersburg, 
 and an important member of Gov. Curtin's inQitary staff, and who was also a 
 close friend of President Lincoln, has this to say in regard to Mr. Gilmore' s 
 services during these trying and exciting times: "I had almost constant op- 
 portunity to know the fidelity and efficiency of Mr. B. F. Gilmore in and 
 about Chambersburg during the war, and it is only due to him to say that his 
 services were of inestimable value to the community and to the State and Na- 
 tional Governments. He was constant, night and day, when his labors were 
 needed, and always most efficient and trustworthy. He is one of the few whose 
 services were not rewarded justly, and they should not be forgotten." 
 (Signed, A. K. McClure.) This paper is endorsed as follows: "It affords me 
 great pleasure to fully verify and endorse all Col. McClure says in this letter 
 of B. F. Gilmore." Signed, A. G. Curtin. In August, 1864, Mr. Gilmore 
 joined the United States Military Telegraph Corps, and was stationed at More- 
 head City, N. C. Owing to the prevalence of tiie yellow fever in this depart- 
 ment—three operators out of six having died within ten days — the offices were 
 closed, and he returned to his old position at Chambersburg. After the war he 
 was employed by the Cumberland Valley Bailroad Company, and remained in 
 their employ until 1881, with the exception of three years, in which he was em- 
 ployed at telegraphing, working at Kane, Oil City, Titusville and Pittsburgh, 
 Penn. , and Wheeling, W. Va. Since 1881 Mr. Gilmore has been manager of 
 the Western Union Telegraph office, and ticket agent of the Pennsylvania 
 Bailroad at their city office in Chambersburg. 
 
 PAUL GOEBNEB, teacher of music, Chambet^burg, was born in Wei- 
 mar, Saxony, August 6, 1856, the second son of Charles and Ida Goerner. He 
 was educated in the schools of Weimar until ten years of age, and in his fif- 
 teenth yedr entered the gymnasium in Zurich, Switzerland. Beturning to 
 Weimar he decided upon adopting the profession of music. He had received 
 instruction in that art from an early age, and, in 1871, attended the Orchestral 
 School of Music at Weimar, under Prof. Sassen, who for three years was a 
 friend and colleague of A.bbfe Liszt. Our subject then studied in the Conser- 
 vatory of Music at Leipsic one year, under Prof. Mueller. Mr. Goerner 
 emigrated to America and located in Columbus, Ohio, where he was engaged 
 in teaching music untU 1880. He then returned to Europe on a visit in the 
 latter part of 1883, and, once more coming to America, located in Chambers- 
 burg in March, 1884, and here he has since devoted his attention to teaching 
 pianoforte and vocal music. He is prohounced a successfta and proficient 
 teacher. He makes the systematic fingering, touch and expression a special 
 
 T i^bf'^i^®"^,i^^^^^' P^i'i*®'', Chambersburg, was born at this place, 
 Juiy,41, i84U, eldest son of Alexander and Mary (Pearse) Grove, the former of 
 whom was born in Chambersburg in 1809, his father, WUliam Grbve, a 
 prominent man m his day, and a wagon-maker by trade, having located in 
 place in an early day. Alexander Grove conducted the same business 
 successfully during his active life. He reared to maturity a famUy of seven 
 
BOROUGH OP CHAMBEESBUEG. 645 
 
 childrea— three daughters and four sons. He was a member of the town 
 council at various times; died in 1857. His widow still survives him. Our 
 subject was educated in the public schools, and learned the trade of house 
 painter when eighteen years of age, then embarked in business on his own ac- 
 count in 1861, in which he has since continued, employing usually about 
 eight hands. Mr. Grove was married in 1868, to Margaret, daughter of Sam- 
 uel Seibert, a former prominent citizen "of Chambersburg. Six children were 
 born to this union, four living — two sons and two daughters. Mr. Grove 
 served as a member of the council for two terms, first in 1880 and again in 
 1885-86. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Grove is a 
 member of the Masonic fraternity and of the I. O. O. F. 
 
 MISS MARY ANN GEOVE, Chambersburg, was born in Franklin County, 
 Penn., youngest daughter of John and Elizabeth (Palmer) Grove. John 
 Grove, also a native' of Pennsylvania, born January 9, 1776, came to this 
 county early in life and here learned his tirade (wagon-making), which he fol- 
 lowed in Letter ke any Township some years,' where he also engaged in farm- 
 ing for many years. He subsequently purchased a farm in Hamilton Township, 
 this county, where he spent the balance of his days. He reared to maturity 
 a family of six children of whom but two now survive: George W., a resi- 
 dent of Illinois,- and Mary Ann. John Grove never aspired to public position. 
 He was a member of the Lutheran Church, an esteemed, substantial citizen 
 and successful business man. He died February 28, 1863, his wife having 
 preceded him June 10, 1858. Our subject was educated in the schools of 
 Chambersburg, and is a lady of intelligence and of much historical informa- 
 tion, occupying a central and commodious residence on South Main Street, 
 Chambersburg, Penn. She has been a member of the Lutheran Church for 
 many years. 
 
 JOHN HARMONY (deceased) was born in Guilford Township, Franklin 
 Co., Penn., in 1801 (his father, Peter, having been an early settler of that 
 county) and spent the most of his days as a farmer on the home place in Guil- 
 ford To'wnship. He reared to manhood and womanhood eleven children, six of 
 whom are living — four sons and two daughters. His death occurred at Cham- 
 bersburg, in February, 1880. 
 
 Daniel Harmony, foreman of the furniture factory of H. Sierer & Co. , 
 Chambersburg, was bom in Guilford Township, Franklin Co., Penn., Sep- 
 tember 12, 1831, eldest son of John and Martha (Palmer) Harmony. Until 
 sixteen years of age he resided on his father' s farm and received a fair com- 
 mon-school education. He then went to Chambersburg, and learned cabinet- 
 making under the instruction of George Florey & Son, which trade he fol- 
 lowed for several years, when he returned to Guilford Township, and 
 engaged in farming on the home place for eight years. In May, 1861, he 
 returned to Chambersburg, where he has since resided and been engaged in 
 cabinet-making, having been in the employ of Henry Sierer for the past 
 twenty years, during nearly all of which period he has been foreman of the 
 furniture factory of H. Sierer & Co. Mr. Harmony was maixied to Mary, 
 daughter of WUliam Miles, a former resident of Chambersburg, and te them 
 were born eight children, of whom four sons and three daughters are living. 
 The family is identified with the Lutheran Church. Mr. Harmony has been a 
 member of the I. O. 0. F. for many years, also of the American Mechanics. 
 He represented the Fourth Ward in the town council two continuous terms of 
 two years each. 
 
 REV. A. STEWART HARTMAN, pastor of the first Lutheran Church, 
 Chambersburg. About midway between the villages of Cashtown and Mum- 
 
646 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 masburg, in Franklin Township, Adams Co., Penn., where the road crosses 
 Marsh Creek, stands a mill which, for nearly two generations, has been known 
 as ' ' Hartman' s Mill. ' ' Opposite it is a dwelling-house, and here on the 19th 
 of December, 1845, Rev. A. Stewart Hartman was born. Shortly afterward, 
 in the spring of 1 847, his parents removed to ' ' Auch-la-clay, ' ' a farm in Mount- 
 joy Township, about seven miles southeast of Gettysburg and four miles west 
 of Littlestown. Here on the farm, and in the midst of a plain rural commu- 
 nity, and possessed of very meager educational and church privileges, Mr. Hart- 
 man passed the years of his early life. The nearest church was three and 
 one-half miles distant, and services were observed in English only once in four 
 weeks. The district school which he attended was open only from three to 
 four months each year. While Prof. A. Sheely, the present superintendent of 
 schools of Adams County, was the teacher of the school, during the winter of 
 1858-59, an impulse was given him in the pursuit of an education. A year 
 later, at the earnest solicitation of Prof. P. B. Wolf, his parents were induced 
 to gratify his desire for an education, and send him to the academy conducted 
 by that gentleman in Littlestown. In April, 1860, he entered the academy, 
 but regular attendance was prevented by the claims upon his time on the farm 
 during the busy seasons of the year. While attending the academy he boarded 
 at home and generally walked to and from school, a distance of eight miles 
 daily. In this academy at Littlestown Mr. Hartman continued until the spring 
 of 1863, when, the principal having entered the army, the school was closed. 
 Amid the thrilling scenes of that summer and autumn, the rebel invasion and 
 the battle of Gettysburg, the matter of an education was lost sight of in the 
 all-absorbing one of the war. But no sooner had the excitement subsided than 
 his cherished project, that of obtaining an education and of entering the minis- 
 try, was again uppermost in his thoughts, and in November of the same year 
 he entered Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, and was graduated therefrom 
 in August, 1868. The following September he entered the tfieological semi- 
 nary of the evangelical synod of the Lutheran Church, where he prosecuted 
 his studies one year. During the vacation following he supplied, with much ac- 
 ceptance, the pulpit of the Lutheran Church at Greencastle, Franklin County. 
 At the expiration of his vacation he entered Union Seminary in New York City, 
 where he was graduated May 5, 1871. Before his graduation, in October, 
 1870, the synod of New York licensed Mr. Hartman to preach the gospel, and 
 one month later he was unanimously elected to the pastorate of the church 
 at Ghent, N. Y. The first six months he was with his congregation only on 
 the Sabbath, going from New York on Saturday evening and returning on 
 ISIonday morning. At Ghent Rev. Hartman' s ministry was an exceedingly 
 pleasant and successful one. His first congregation, his whole energy was 
 bent on the serving of it in a manner satisfactory to himself and beneficial to 
 his members. But his pastorate here was of short length, for dissensions hav- 
 mg arisen m St. Matthew's Church of Brooklyn, and the president of the 
 synod, the venerable Dr. Pohlman believing that these could best be healed 
 by Mr. Hartman, he was prevailed upon to sacrifice his own comforts and in- 
 dmation and go in the path which duty opened for him. Accepting the call 
 from this charge he exerted himself in the pacification of the disagrleing par- 
 ties. In this he was highly successful, reconciling the distractive elements 
 and promoting the weliare of the church. At the end of two years he accepted 
 the call to Chambersbm-g, mpelled thereto by the prospect of a larger field of 
 useMness^ His ministry here extends over a period of almost twelve years, and 
 has been abundant m good works. His earnest endeavors, in the prosecution of 
 bis clerical labors, have won for his church a pleasing addition of members and the 
 
BOROUGH OP OHAMBEBSBURG. 647 
 
 confidence of all his people. Fearless in the denunciation of what appears to 
 him wrong, he has unfalteringly waged a bitter warfare against such. A clear 
 thinker, a forcible writer and an impressive speaker, his productions are always 
 of acknowledged merit and stamped with the impress of a master mind. A 
 man of energy, no obstacles have been sufficient to balk him in the pursuance 
 of his ends. The expenses of his college and theological courses were defrayed 
 largely by his own labor. While a jtmior in college he devoted more than 
 half of the year to teaching in Taneytown, Md., and in the Gettysburg 
 Normal School, of which he was for a time assistant principal. During his 
 course in tiie Union Seminary he occupied chairs in the faculties of different 
 schools. In the young ladies' school at West New Brighton, presided over by 
 Mrs. A. H. Leenowen, the distinguished authoress, and at one time the Eng 
 lish governess at the Siamese court, he had charge of the mathematical and 
 classical department. He also held the same position, at the same time, in the 
 academy for young ladies near Fort Hamilton, Long Island, of which Miss 
 Ritchie was principal. Afterward, while pastor of Sf. Matthew's Church, he 
 resumed the latter position. One source of Eev. Hartman' s success and popu- 
 larity in the ministry is the interest he takes in the children of a church and 
 the excellent results which meet his labors with them. When sixteen years 
 old he became a' teacher in the Sunday-school, and at nineteen was elected 
 superintendent. During a period of twenty years the Sunday-school room has 
 been one of his "battle groimds for Christianity. In this time he has served 
 continuously as a teacher and officer. While attending Union Seminary he was 
 Sunday-school missionary of St. James' Lutheran Church, and as such gath- 
 ered together and organized a mission Sunday-school on Chrystie Street, in the 
 midst of a degraded and crowded tenement district. The salutary influence 
 for a long time exerted by this school more than met the fondest hopes of its 
 founder. Eev. Hartman is an earnest advocate of the time honored custom in 
 the Lutheran Church of catechisation, and diligently employs it in his church 
 work. During five or six months of the year his classes aggregate nearly a 
 hundred young men and women who are thus indoctrinated in the teachings of 
 the church. He is loyal to the spirit and practice of historical Lutheranism, 
 and adheres closely to what he considers the best features of his church in the 
 past. Faithfully carrying out the doctrines of the general synod, Kev. Hart- 
 man has, by most energetic work, given to his church here (always occupying 
 a prominent place in the community and in the counsels of the church at large), 
 the distinction of being the largest single congregation in the Cumberland Val- 
 ley. The present membership numbers more than 500, its numerical strength 
 at present being greater than ever before in its history. But while thus busily 
 engaged with the spiritual affairs of his immediate charge, and adding con- 
 tinually to his list of communicants, Eev. Hartman has also found time to 
 devote to the work of the church at large, and has also held many positions in 
 the various synods and boards connected with the educational 'and missionary 
 work of the church. For three. years he occupied the position of president of 
 the West Pennsylvania Synod. Thrice he was selected as one of the represent- 
 atives of his synod to the conventions of the general synod — at the one held at 
 Wobster, Ohio, in 1879, and again in the convention which met at Springfield, 
 Ohio, in 1883, and to the next convention at Omaha, Neb. At Spring- 
 field he was elected a member of the board of home missions, although resid- 
 ing nearly a hundred miles from the seat of the board in Baltimore. For sev- 
 eral years he has been a trustee of the Orphans' Home at Loysville, Perry 
 County, and is the secretary of the board. Eev. Hartman also served as a 
 director in the Theological Semintry of the Lutheran Church, located at Gettys- 
 burg. 
 
(348 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 VAN T HAULMAN was bom in the village of St. Thomas, Franklin 
 Co., Penn.i January 22, 1850, the only son o£ David B. and Mary (Reed) 
 Hanlman. He was educated in the public schools and at Dickinson Seminary, 
 Williamsport, Penn. , which institution he attended two years. He then taught 
 school for one year. In 1870 he came to Chambersburg, where for some years 
 he engaged in clerking. For one year (1872) he was a member of the firm of 
 James B. Gillan & Co., from which he retired and again engaged in clerking 
 for Kindline & GiUan, continuing with them until May, 1878. He then became 
 the nominee of the Republican party for clerk of the courts of Franklin County, 
 and was elected in the fall of the same year for a term of three years; was again 
 elected in 1881 and served three years more. He then led a retired life one 
 year. In February, 1886, he was elected justice of the peace for a term of five 
 years. Mr. Haulman married, January 12, 1874, Louisa V., daughter of 
 John Miller, a former resident of Chambersburg, and by her has one daughter, 
 Gertrude M., bom April 15, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Haulman are members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of Chambersburg Lodge, 
 No. 175, I. O. O. F. , and K.. of P. He has been a member of the Repub- 
 lican State Committee, also secretary and treasurer of the Franklin Electric 
 Company. 
 
 PETER HEEFNER, passenger agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany, Chambersburg, was born in Quincy Township, Franklin County, Penn. , 
 March 16, 1823, son of John W. and E. (Mann) Heefner. John Heefner, his 
 grandfather, was a pioneer of Quincy Township, the original settler, where 
 Funkstown now stands; he was a large landholder, and built a mill and distil- 
 lery in an early day. He came to America with his parents when nine years 
 of age, and his death occurred in 1826 or 1827. John W. resided on a por- 
 tion of the home place the greater part of his life. He reared to maturity four 
 children, two of whom are living— Peter and Levi, the latter a resident of 
 Guilford Township. John W. Heefner died about 1854 or 1855. Peter Heef- 
 ner was brought up on a farm until he was twenty years old, receiving a fair 
 education in the neighboring schools. About 1843 he went into the butcher- 
 ing business in Funkstown, and about two years later purchased the mercantile 
 business in the same place, from George Lowry, which he conducted for three 
 or four years, and then kept hotel there one year. In 1850, or thereabouts, he 
 came to Chambersburg and conducted the ' ' Golden Lamb ' ' Hotel for one year, 
 when h^ returned to Funkstown, took up the butchering business again, which 
 he carried on for some years, and then he engaged in manufacturing lucifer 
 matches, removing the establishment to Chambersburg, in 1859, where he con- 
 tinued the business in a successful manner until the fall of 1862, when he was 
 drafted into the army. He served out his term in the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. On his return to civil life, iU health 
 compelled him to retire for some time, when he engaged in clerking. Sub- 
 sequently he embarked in the grocery trade, in which he did a successful bus- 
 iness for ten years. About 1876 he opened a railroad agency, with which he 
 has since been identified, representing western railroads, among which is the 
 Union Pacific. He is agent at this place for the Pennsylvania Company. Mr. 
 Heefner was first married December 18, 1844, to Margaret Donnelly, to which 
 marriage were born six children, two of whom are living; his wife died in 
 1856, and in 1859 he married Lydia Ann HoUenberger, by whom he has one 
 son—Harry Edgar, bom March 17, 1863, now residing with his parents. Our 
 subject, for a period under the Polk administration, served as postmaster of 
 Funkstown; was reappointed to the office but declined further service. 
 
 F. A. HENNINGER, manufacturer of cigars, Chambersburg, was born in 
 
boboi/gh of chambeksburg. 649 
 
 that place January 18, 1846, eldest son of Frederick and Ethelinda (Eyster) 
 HeBninger. He obtained an ordinary common-school education in the public 
 schools of his native town, and during vacation gained a. knowledge of the 
 trade of cigar-making, at which, for a period, he worked for others. In 1868 
 he commenced for himself the manufacturing of cigars, continuing the same 
 for a time; then disposed of his establishment, selling to Eobert Smiley. For 
 nine months Mr. Henninger was a resident of Connecticut; then returned to 
 Chambersbiu-g, and entered the employ of George Bietsch, with whom he re- 
 mained for a short period, when he was again absent from Chambersburg, a 
 resident of Camden, N. J. , and of Philadelphia, Penn. In 1884 he returned 
 to Chambersburg, where he established his present business, in the carrying on 
 of which he employs four hands, and is conducting a satisfactory trade. " Janu- 
 ary 24, 1869, Mr. Henninger was married to Virginia Palmer, and to them 
 have been born three children, two of whom are living: Frederick Keefer and 
 Blanche. Our subject was elected to the town council in 1880 for a term of 
 two years, and was again elected to the same position in 1886. 
 
 DANIEL HERMAN, dealer in coal and lumber, Chambersburg, was born 
 in Guilford Township, Franklin Co., Penn., November 29, 1835. son of 
 Jeremiah and Elizabeth (Yankey) Herman. He received a fair education in 
 the common schools of his vicinity, attending at Fayetteville ; also at the 
 academies in Mount Pleasant and at Chambersburg. He grew up on a farm, 
 and was occupied in agricultural pursuits and teaching school during winters 
 and occasional summer sessions. In 1859 he was married to Charlotte S., 
 daughter of William M. Reed, a well known resident of Chambersburg. He 
 conducted and lived on a farm in Guilford Township for twelve years, and in 
 the spring of 1873 located in Chambersburg and became a partner in the firm 
 of Gilbert, Eckel & Herman, in the carrying on of a machine shop and foun- 
 dry. With them he remained three years, when he became the sole proprietor, 
 and added to the same a lumber yard, continuing the business one year, from 
 which he retired in the spring of 1877. In the following fall he located in Kan- 
 sas, where for nearly four years he was engaged in the hardware business, and 
 dealt in agricultural implements. He returned to Chambersburg in 1881, and 
 for more than two years was in the employ of Finney & Ebersole, as book- 
 keeper and manager of one of their yards. In the fall of 1885, Mr. Herman 
 commenced the coal and lumber business on the corner of Washington and 
 Third Streets, the same being a fine location, and the business is flourishing; 
 Mr. and Mrs. Herman are the parents of one daughter, Clara A. All are mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject is an enterprising and 
 public-spirited citizen. 
 
 W. H. HOLBY, merchant, Chambersburg, is a native of Guilford Township, 
 Franklin Co., Perm., born March 15, 1843; a son of Henry and Catherine 
 (Faust) Holby, the former of whom was born in the same county, August 
 30, 1813, and was a gunsmith and farmer by trade and occupation. Henry 
 Holby reared a family of six children — three sons and three daughters. His-, 
 death occurred August 30, 1883. Our subject was educated in the publib 
 schools of Hamilton Township, and there worked on a farm until nineteen 
 years of age, when, in 1863, he came to Chambersburg, and served an appren- 
 ticeship of two years and nine months with David Croft, at the trade of coach- 
 smith. After completing his apprenticeship he worked as a journeyman in 
 various places for some eight years, and in the spring of 1867, commenced 
 for himself the business of coachsmithing in Newville, Cumberland County, 
 where he carried on the business for two years, and in the spring of 1869 
 returned to Chambersburg. Hero, in 1870, he engaged as clerk in the grocery 
 
 3S 
 
€50 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 house of Peterhoof & Garber, with which firm he remained until March, 1876, 
 when he became proprietor of one of the stores carried on by the firm, and 
 since that time has continued in the same trade, removing to his present looa. 
 tion, in February,' 1886. He is now doinw an extensive business in grocer- 
 ies and crockery ware. November 11, 1866, Mr. Holby married Catherine, 
 daughter of Philip Lemaster, a former resident of Guilford Township, this 
 county. They are the parents of five children, two living — Annie May and 
 Harvey P. Mr. and Mrs. Holby are members of the United Brethren Church. 
 In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 JACOB HOKE, merchant and author, Chambersburg, was born in 
 JMcConnellsburg, Penn. , March 17, 1825, a Son of Henry and Sarah (Eyster) 
 Hoke. He was educated in the village schools until twelve year^ of age, and 
 ■then clerked in a country store until May, 1841. In that year he came to 
 Chambersburg and engaged as a 6lerk in various mercantile establishments 
 until August, 1848, when he commenced business on the northeast corner of 
 the "Diamond" under firm name of Oaks &Hoke. This partnership contin- 
 ued until 1850, when the firm became Hoke & Kirkpatrick, continuing in business 
 for about two years; then through the death of Mr. Kirkpatrick the firm became 
 J. & J. W. Hoke for two years; then J. Hoke & Co. until 1880. The firm is now 
 Hoke & Appenzeller. Mr. Hoke' s cash capital when he came to Chambers- 
 burg was five cents, but by strict economy and close attention to business he 
 accumulated a few hundred dollars to commence business in a small way. He 
 is now at the head of the most extensive dry goods business in Chambersburg, 
 although nominally leading a retired life. After coming to Chambersburg he 
 commenced buying books and pursuing a course of study in the intervals of 
 business and at night, and his knowledge of the English language was thus 
 ■enlarged. • His school advantages were limited, but he has acquired a general 
 knowledge of literature, theology, etc. In 1841, the year he came to Cham- 
 bersburg, he united with the United Brethren Church in which he has since 
 oontinued. Although actively engaged in business during these years he has 
 ■written three religious works of a standard character, published by the United 
 Brethren Publishing Company of Dayton, Ohio, which have had a very large 
 circulation. Being a resident of Chambersburg during the rebellion, he kept 
 a memorandum of dates and events, and being a close observeT he wrote a 
 series of forty-two articles, averaging three-and-a-half columns each for a local 
 paper, in which the history of the war in and about Chambersburg and the 
 southern border of the State appeared. These articles were subsequently 
 -republished in book form which have met with a favorable reception, and are 
 considered the most reliable matter published as regards history, dates, etc. 
 He has now in press a work entitled "The Great Invasion, or Gen. Lee in 
 Pennsylvania." During the war he was active in aiding the wounded and 
 unfortunate, both in the Union and Southern Armies. Mr. Hoke for a time 
 delivered lectures for the benefit of schools, colleges and benevolent institu- 
 tions u^n tiie mvasion and battle of Gettysburg, but ill health compelled 
 iim to abandon that work, and led to the writing of the Work now in press. 
 Mr. Hoke never aspired to public position. He has been president and 
 treasurer of the Franklin County Bible Society, and filled numerous positions 
 m d^urch and benevolent association. He married, in 1850, Mi-garetta 
 McCTeUan, whodiedin 1875, and he then married, in 1880, Mrs. AnSie M. 
 -Hntton. He is, pohtically, a Republican. 
 
 1S«^7^' ^' ^^F^^' F-^^""' Chambersburg, was bom in that place May 9, 
 
 iS. .r"" ^"^K^^ \ ^"^^ ^^^ <^^«^«^) H^'^^^^- He recdved instoc- 
 lion m the common branches in the public schools, and in the academy of 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 651 
 
 Chambersburg, and when but fifteen years of age became employed aa a clerk. 
 Four years later lie began an apprenticeship at the trade of coach-maker, and 
 after completing his apprenticeship worked as a journeyman until commencing 
 the coal and lumber business with W. C. Finney in 1880, and continued in it 
 until 1882. In the latter year he established the house of Houser & Burkhart 
 dealers in groceries, but disposed of his interest in 1883, when he formed the 
 firm of W. R. Houser & Co. , dealers in staple and fancy groceries, which is 
 doing a large business. Mr. Houser, in 1878, was manied to Miss Mary, 
 daughter of Christian Burkhart, a well-known business man of Chambersburg! 
 Mr. and Mrs. Houser are the parents of one daughter and one son. They are 
 members of the Zion's Reformed Church. Mr. Houser is identified with the 
 I. 0. O. F., the K. of P. and the S. of V. 
 
 EEV. B. G. HUBER, clergyman and editor, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Letterkenny Township, Franklin Co., "Penn., Decembers, 1846, second son of 
 Christian and Catherine (Grove) Huber. His early life was passed on a farm 
 in his native township, where he remained until the death of his mother in 
 1861, and worked at farming until February, 1865, when he enlisted in the 
 One Hundred and Third Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served until 
 the war" was over, being discharged in July, 1865, at Harrisburg. He returned 
 V) civil life and for three terms taught school, during which time he attended 
 the normal school at Millersville for one summer term. In 1868 he attended 
 a conference of the United Brethren Church at York, and was there assigned 
 as junior preacher to Greencastle charge, where he remained one year. He 
 then served a charge in Perry County, two years. He was then sent to Shoop's 
 Station, in Cumberland County, where he preached two years, and then canxe 
 to Chambersburg, and was pastor of the United Brethren Church in 1873-74. 
 He subsequently served one year as pastor of a church in Baltimore, Md. , 
 during which time he became publishing agent for the monthly periodical, 
 "Highway of Holiness," of which periodical he afterward became editor, 
 published in various places where he had charges until 1880, when it was 
 permanently established at Chambersburg, and which in the spring of 1886 
 was changed to newspaper form, Mr. Huber becopaing sole proprietor. This 
 paper is extensively circulated ' among the United Brethiren in Christ. Our 
 subject, at present, in addition to his publishing and editorial work, has charge 
 of three appointments in the vicinity of Chambersburg. In the spring of 1870 
 he was married to Naomi J. Cormany, and to them have been born seven chil- 
 dren (of whom six are living — four sons and two daughters) : Seba Cormany, 
 Harry Iverson, Rilla Bell, Amos Castle (deceased), Ora Edwards, Lester Hoke 
 and Bertha Grace. Mr. Huber comes from a family noted for producing min- 
 isters. HKs grandfather was a preacher, and so were fourteen of his nearest 
 relatives and uncles and cousins. In politics he was a Republican, but now a 
 Prohibitionist. 
 
 JOHN HUBER of B., treasurer of Chambersburg Woolen Mills, Cham- 
 bersburg, was born in Letterkenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., August 23, 
 1809, second son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Risser) Huber. He was reared 
 on the farm originally settled by Abraham Risser, and received such meager 
 school privileges as the townships of that time afforded. In 1833 he married 
 Mary Heilman, and after that e-vent they resided in Lebanon County, Penn. 
 Returning to Letterkenny Township he purchased the home place from his 
 father, and continued to reside on and conduct the same until comingto Cham- 
 bersburg in 1868, where he has since resided. The home place he has dis- 
 posed of to his son, Heilman S. Huber. Mr. Huber was appointed treasurer 
 of Chambersburg Woolen Mills in 1883, a position he still holds; is also a di- 
 
652 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 rector in the Taylor Manufacturing Company. He is one of the solid men of the 
 city. To Mr. an(i Mrs. Huber six children have been born, three of whom are 
 living: Eliza, now the wife of William Keefer, of Letter kenny Township, 
 this county; Heilman S., also of Letterkenny Township ; Mary Emma, wife of 
 John McFerren, of Chambersburg. The parents are members of the United 
 Brethren Church. 
 
 JOHN HUBEK, retired, Chambersburg, was bom in Letterkenny Township, 
 this county, March 5, 1811; eldest child of Abraham and Hannah (Besor), Huber; 
 was educated in such schools as then existed in Letterkenny Township, and 
 reared to farming pursuits on the home place. In 1840 he married Mary 
 Ehodes, and the same year removed to Chambersburg, where, in company witli 
 his brother, he engaged in the hardware business. Thus he continued success- 
 fully for many years, and for a time the firm was known as Huber & Tolbert, 
 and later, Mr. Huber conducted the business alone, until retiring from the 
 same in 1881 or 1882. In 1871 he was elected president of the Chambersburg 
 Woolen Company, a position he still fills. He was elected assessor of Letter- 
 kenny Township in early life and in about 1853 was elected county cpmmissioner. 
 In 1857 he was elected associate judge of Franklin County for a term of five 
 years. The Judge has been twice married, and to his first marriage were bom 
 six children (four now living — two daughters and two sons): A. A., B. F., S. 
 A., Clara, Mary E. and Ida. The first Mrs. Huber died in 1871, and Mr. Huber 
 married, in 1875, Elizabeth Spreacher, who died in August, 1882. 
 
 ABEAM S. HULL, master mechanic of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, 
 Chambersburg, was bom in Strasburg, Lancaster Co., Penn., March 26, 1826, 
 son of Daniel and Susan (Markley) Hull. His father, one of the oldest loco- 
 motive engineers in the country, was born in Strasburg, Lancaster County, 
 October 16, 1798. In early life he, Daniel Hull, learned the carpenter's 
 trade. In 1834 he conmienced work on a railroad by accepting the position of 
 fireman on one of the first locomotives of the old State road from Philadelphia 
 to Columbia, and in the following year was given charge of an engine. In 
 1838 he left the State road and went to the Cumberland Valley Eailroad, 
 where he remained twelve years, for seven of those years having charge of the 
 shops at Chambersburg. After a short service on the Erie Road, he went to 
 the Pennsylvania Eaikoad, an^d in 1854 accepted a position with Norris & 
 Bros., locomotive builders, serving there and with the Lancaster Locomotive 
 Works for several years. He finally returned to the Cumberland Valley Road 
 where he was again given charge of an engine, and continued to run it until 
 1867, when he met with his first accident, receiving serious injuries. After 
 this tune he was employed in the company's shops. During his long experi- 
 ence m ranningand setting up locomotives, Mr. Hull snggested manyimprove- 
 ments, most of which have been adopted. He died at his residence in Cham- 
 bersbm-g Penn., March 8, 1886, at the age of eighty-eight years. Our sub- 
 ject, at the age of eighteen years, began the trade of machinist in the shops of 
 the Cumberland VaUey Eailroad, at Chambersburg, to which place he iad 
 come m 1838^ He worked at his trade in different places until 1852, when he 
 retumed to Chambersburg and entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley 
 Eailroad Company and in 1857 was appointed master mechanic for that com- 
 rF;«^-^r?a^i ^A ^^^.^^''^^eld. December 25, 1850, he was married 
 to Evelme S. Gibbs, and to them have been bom two sons (both citizens of 
 f^Soffi^^lnH «"^'' ®i' ^'^t^^K^^^^ 'nechanic and draftsman in his 
 in ttt voW '^* ' ^ P^y^^"^^'^' « «t«t«t of whom appears elsewhere 
 
 CHARLES E. S. HULL, Chambersburg, was bom in Parkesbutg, Penn., 
 
BOEOUGH OP CHAMBEESBUEG. 658 
 
 April 12, 1852, the eldest son of Abram S. and Eveline (Gibbs) Hull. With 
 his parents he came to Ohambersburg in the fall of 1852. He was educated 
 in the public schools and in the Ohambersburg Academy, in the class of 1869. 
 That year he commenced, with his father, an apprenticeship at the trade of 
 machinist and mechanical draftsman. He has continued in the employ of 
 the Cumberland Valley Bailroad Company, as assistant to his father, who is 
 master mechanic of that road. He is also draftsman, manager of the motive 
 power department of the Cumberland Valley Bailroad Company. Mr. Hull 
 married, in 1876, Lillie Budd, daughter of Dr. T. L. Budd, and they are the 
 parents of two sons and two daughters: Thomas Lane, Paul Sanford, Evalyn 
 Sabina and Lora Budd. Mr. and Mrs. Hull are members of the Lutheran 
 Church. He is a P. G. of Columbus Lodge, No. 75, I. O. O. F. April, 
 1880, he was elected secretary of the Cumberland Valley Bailroad Mutual Aid 
 Association, and retains this position up to date. February 19, 1884, he was 
 elected a member of the town council and during his term of two years filled 
 the position of water commissioner. In June, 1886, he was elected to fill a 
 vacancy on the school board for one year. ' In politics Mr. Hull is a Bepub- 
 lican. 
 
 GEOBGE S. HULL, M. D., Chambersburg, was born in the city of which 
 he is now a resident, December 26, 1853, youngest son of Abram S. and Eve- 
 line S. (Gibbs) Hull. He attended the public schools of his native town, and 
 subsequently graduated from Chambersburg Academy. In 1870 he began the 
 study of pharmacy under C. H. Cressler, and two years later he entered the 
 CoUege of Pharmacy at Philadelphia, from which he was graduated in 1874, 
 having spent, in the meantime, a period in the drug store of John Wyeth & 
 Bro. Eetuming to Chambersburg he entered the oflS.ce of Dr. S. G. Lane, 
 and while with him attended a course of lectures at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, from which institution he graduated in 1876. In that year he was 
 elected resident physician and surgeon in the hospital of the tJniversity of 
 Pennsylvania, and at the same time was chosen for a similar position in the 
 Philadelphia hospital. He passed the year 1876 in the former hospital and 
 the following year served in the latter. In 1878 he returned to Chambers- 
 burg, and there commenced the practice of his profession, which he has since 
 pursued with much success. The Doctor was elected coroner of Franklin 
 County in 1882, and re-elected in 1885. He became a member of the faculty 
 of Chambersburg Academy in 1884, lecturing upon physics and chemistry; 
 also was added to the faculty of Wilson College as lecturer upon physics, 
 chemistry and physiology, in 1885. In 1880 Dr. Hull was married to Mar- 
 garet Bamett, of Philadelphia, and to this union one son, Howard Lane, and 
 one daughter, Ida Barnett, have been born. In politics the Doctor is a 
 Republican. He is a nfember of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 • B. N. HUTTON, dealer in boots and shoes, Chambersburg, was born in 
 that city November 2, 1847, a son of Jacob and Catherine (Heckerman) Hutton, 
 the former of whom commenced the boot and shoe trade in Chambersburg in 
 1833, the house being one of the oldest in the city. Our subject was educated in 
 the public schools and academy at Chambersburg, and in 1866 commenced 
 clerking in his father's store, in which capacity he served until the death of 
 his father in 1876, when he became proprietor of the establishment, and has 
 since conducted the business, carrying a good assortment of boots and shoes, 
 probably the largest stock of any retail house in the valley, south of Harris - 
 burg. In 1872 Mr. Hutton was married to Miss Alim V.; daughter of A. J. 
 White, a well known citizen of Chambersburg. Our subject and wife are the 
 parents of one daughter and one son — A. White and Elva White. Mrs. Hutton 
 
654. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 is a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Hutton is a member of the Masonic 
 order. 
 
 CHATJNCEY EVES, chief engineer of the Cumberland Valley Eailroad, 
 Chambersburg, was born in Lansingburg, N. Y. , September 10, 1841, the 
 eldest son of Chauncey P. and Charlotte B. (Stewart) Ives. He attended an 
 academy at Lansingburg, one at Bridgeport (Penn.), and also at a similar 
 institution in Ballston Spa, N. Y. Later he entered Renssalaer Polytechnic 
 Institute, Troy, N. Y., remaining until the outbreak of the rebellion. In 
 1861 he volunteered in the Third Michigan Cavalry; was at the siege of Corinth, 
 Grant's movements in the rear of Vicksburg, but ill health compelled him to 
 resign. He entered the employment of the Mahanoy & Broad Mountain Eail- 
 road Company in March, 1883, as rodman, during which service he was sent to 
 make surveys on the defense of Philadelphia. He was connected with the 
 Philadelphia & Reading Eailroad company, as assistant engineer, on its various 
 branches for six years. In 1869 he was made chief engineer of the Southern 
 Pennsylvania Eailroad. In 1872 he went to Michigan, where he was engaged 
 in the lumber business until 1877. He then returned to Chambersburg and en- 
 gaged in making surveys of the Mont Alto Eailroad extension to Waynesboro; 
 was chief engineer of the Shenandoah Valley EaUroad during 1878-79. He 
 then went to Jefferson City, Mo. , connected with the Missouri Central Eail- 
 road, and returned to Chambersburg in 1880. In 1881 he became perma- 
 nently connected with the Cum,berland Valley Eailroad Company, as chief en- 
 gineer. Mr. Ives married in 1872, Emma, daughter of Dr. Edmund Culbert- 
 son, and to them were bom two daughters and one son: Ellen C, Charlotte B. 
 and Chauncey P. Mr. Ives is a member of the American Society of Civil 
 Engineers; he is a P. & A. M. Politically, a Eepublican. 
 
 B. P. JOHNS, plasterer, Chambersburg, was bom in Cumberland County, 
 Penn., June 1, 1839, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Carson) Johns. He was. 
 educated in the public schools of Cumberland County and Southampton Town- 
 ship, this county, whither the family had removed in 1849, and was brought 
 up on a farm until he was twenty years old. He then commenced an appren- 
 ticeship at the plastering trade, and while learning it, the war of the rebellion 
 having broken out, he enlisted in September, 1861, in Company I, Forty-ninth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. He was engaged in seventeen battles from 
 the siege of Yorktown to the battle of Sailor's Creek, three days before the sur- 
 render of Gen. Lee. He served until the close of the war, and was discharged 
 at Harrisburg in 1865. Mr. Johns served four years, having re-enlisted as a 
 veteran in 1864. Eetuming to civil life he became a resident of Chambers- 
 burg, where he worked as journeyman for a year and a half; then was a resi- 
 dent of Pittsburgh and Somerset County until 1877, when he returned to Cham- 
 bersburg. Here he has since remained, engaged in the plastering business. 
 He employs several hands, and besides his work in Chambersburg, carries on a 
 trade in Waynesboro and other parts of the county. Mr, Johns njarried, Au- 
 gust 15, 1868, Mary, daughter of John Glessner. Mr. Johns was elected 
 from the Third Ward to the town council, in Februaiy, 1886, for a term 
 of two years. In politics he is a Eepublican. The family attend services in 
 ^e United Brethren Church. When in the army Mr. Johns united with the 
 ^°v CT""^' ^^^ after the war, with the Methodist Episcopal Church, with 
 which body he remained until he moved to Pittsburgh; there he united with 
 tiie PresbytOTians, but afterward formed fellowship with the Methodist Protestant 
 Church, with which he remained until he removed to Somerset County; then 
 united with the Evangelical Church until his return to Chambersburg, when he 
 enrolled himself as a member of the United Brethren Church. Mr. Johns oc- 
 ( ^pies a handsome residence on Second Street, which he bnilt in 1883. 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUBG. (555 
 
 EEV. JOSEPH KAELIN, Chambersburg, was born in Einsiedeln, Switzer- 
 land, June 14, 1836, and was educated at the public schools, and in a monas- 
 tery for two years. About 1856 he came to America, and located for about one 
 year in Indiana. Subsequently he attended St. Vincent's College in West- 
 moreland County, Penn. , where he completed his classical course. He then 
 went to Philadelphia, where he studied philosophy and theology at St. Charles 
 'Sorromeo Seminary, and was ordained priest February 27, 1863. He served 
 as assistant priest at AUentown, Penn. , for three years. He then spent some 
 years in Renovo, Penn., and in 1876 came to Chambersburg, where he has: 
 since remained as assistant priest. 
 
 JOHN B. KAUFMAN, county surveyor. Upper Strasburg, eldest son of 
 Jacob and Elizabeth (Baechtel) Kaufman, was born January 1, 1827, in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. He was reared a farmer on his father' s 
 farm, receiving the benefits of the common schools of his neighborhood, and 
 being a close student and close observer, he acquired a fair English education and- 
 became a practical surveyor. He remained at home until his marriage, in 1849, 
 with Susannah Ebersole. From that time he was occupied in teaching and sur- 
 veying tm 1856, since which time he has made surveying and engineering his 
 business. In 1856 he was elected county surveyor, and held the office two terms, 
 or six years, being succeeded by Emanuel Kuhn, upon whose resignation, in 
 April, 1871, Mr. Kaufman was appointed to fill the vacancy for the unexpired 
 term. He was elected for the succeeding full term in the fall of 1871, serving 
 three years. In the fall of 1877 he was again elected to the office, and has 
 held the position to the present time (December, 1886), discharging the duties 
 with credit to himself and with satisfaction to the people, he having been 
 elected for the seventh term, November 2, 1886, receiving the largest majority he 
 ever obtained. The Chambersburg Repository, of April 27, 1886, says : ' ' Hon. 
 J. Simpson Africa, secretary of internal affairs, says our county surveyor, Mr. 
 John B. Kaufman, stands at the head of his profession in this State." As: 
 Mr. Africa is himself one of the best surveyors and engineers in Pennsylvania,, 
 and a Democrat, while Mr. Kaufman is a Eepublican, the compliment is much 
 appreciated by the latter. In politics, as has been said, Mr. Kaufman is a 
 Republican, having started out and remained a Whig till that party disbanded. 
 Hence he has always been an earnest protectionist. Mr. and Mrs. Kaufman 
 are both members of the Mennonite Church, as were their ancestors, the Kauf- 
 mans and Ebersoles, who came to Pennsylvania at an- early day to enjoy in the 
 then wUds of Lancaster and (now) Lebanon Counties the right to worship in 
 their simple way, a right which .was denied to them in the land of William 
 Tell (for the ancestors of Mr. Kaufman, viz. : the Kaufmans, Bechtels and 
 Schnebeles, were natives of Switzerland). To the marriage of Mr, and Mrs. 
 Kaufman were born seven children, six of whom are living — five daughters and 
 one son. 
 
 FRANKLIN KEAGY, architect and builder, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn., September 30, 1837, a son of 
 Rudolph and Sarah (Swetizer) Keagy. John Keagy, the great- great- grand- 
 father of Franklin, came to this country in 1715, from Switzarland, and settle<J, 
 in Pequee Valley, Lancaster County, Penn. ; his descendants are found in nearly 
 every State in the Union and in Canada. The education of our subject was suchi 
 as the common schools of the neighborhood afforded, save one term at the' 
 Chambersburg Academy, which he attended while learning his trade. His youth 
 was passed in assisting in his father's mill until he was about sixteen years of 
 age, when he began serving an apprenticeship as millwright, an occupation he 
 followed for two years after completing his apprenticeship. From that timers 
 
656 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 until 1865 he was employed at the sash and blind factory of Sheler & Clark, 
 located at Chambersburg. In the latter year he was appointed superintendent 
 of their works, which position he held until 1875, when he commenced busi- 
 ness for himself as architect and builder, in which he has since continued. He 
 ias erected a number of handsome and substantial public buildings in Chambers- 
 hurg and vicinity. In 1860 Mr. Keagy married Anna Eliza, daughter of Samuel 
 Punk, a former citizen of Chambersburg, and to this union were born six chil- 
 dren: Sarah, Mollie, Samuel S., Athelia, Katie and Bertha. Sarah died 
 August 9, 1862; Bertha died October 10, 1884, at eight years of age. Those 
 now living are at home, with the exception of Mollie, who is the wife of C. C. 
 Patterson, of Hamilton Township. Mrs. Keagy and daughters are members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is a Republican, and from 
 boyhood a stanch Abolitionist. 
 
 THOMAS B. KENNEDY, president of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, 
 Chambersburg, was born August 1, 1827, in Warren County, N. J., son of 
 .Judge James Kennedy. In 1839 he removed to Chambersburg, and received 
 his education at Lafayette College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1848. In the following year he took the overland route to Califoruia, and 
 there rem.ained until 1851, when he returned to Chambersburg, where he has 
 ■since continued to reside, engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. 
 Since 1873 Mr. Kennedy has been president of the Cumberland Valley Rail- 
 road. In 1856 he was married to Arianna S., daughter of John Stuart Rid- 
 dle, of Meadville, Penn. 
 
 HIRAM C. KEYSER, agent for the Adams Express Company, Chambers- 
 burg, was born in Antrim Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , August 9, 1823, 
 jroungest son of Benjamin and Anna Maria (Hoffman) Keyser. Benjamin was 
 a native of Berks County, Penn. , and about the year 1810 came with his father, 
 John Keyser, to Franklin County, the family settling in Antrim Township, on 
 the farm now owned by Dr. George R. Kauffman, where Benjamin resided, 
 until 1834; then came to Chambersburg, where his death occurred in 1856. 
 As early as 1824 he was elected county commissioner and as such served three 
 jeaxs. He had also been justice of the peace by appointment in Antrim 
 Township for many years, and, after coming to Chambersburg, was elected to 
 the same office. He reared to maturity a family of eight children, seven of 
 whom are living — three sons and four daughters. Hiram C. obtained a lim- 
 ited education in the common schools and at the Chambersburg Academy, but, 
 hj study and application, in later years he became a fair scholar. Early in 
 life he clerked in several stores in Chambersburg; then was similarly engaged 
 in the postoffice as clerk under Col. John Findlay, with whom he remained for 
 one year and a half. Following his service in the postoffice he clerked in dif- 
 ferent stores for a number of years; then engaged for a time in a drug store 
 in Bedford, Penn. ; th"n he went to Dr. Peter Schoenberger' s furnace, in Blair 
 County, where he clerked for three years; then returned to Fraaklin County, 
 and was engaged in school teaching for a period of five years. In 1854 he 
 was admitted to the bar, and in 1857 was elected prothonotary of Franklin 
 County, which position he held for a term of three vears. From 1862 until 1867 
 he was associated with B. Y. Hampsher in the publication of the Valley Spirit, 
 and lost all during the destruction of the town in 1864. In January, 1858, 
 Mr. Keyser was married to Elizabeth, daughter of William McGrath subse- 
 quently sheriff of the. county. Of the chUdren born to this marriage two 
 daughters and two sons are living. Mr. Keyser served as transcribing clerk in 
 the btate Legislature for one session, and in the same position in the Senate one 
 session and a half; was several years clerk to the county commissioners of 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBURG. 657 
 
 Franklin County. In September, 1878, he was appointed, at Chambersburg, 
 agent for the Adams Express Company, a position he now holds. Mr. Keyser 
 and family are members of the Central Presbyterian Church. In polities he 
 is a Democrat. 
 
 F. M. KIMMELL, attorney at law, Chambersburg, was born in Berlin, 
 Somerset Co., Penn., September 4, 1816, second son. of Jacob and Mar- 
 garet (Schools) Kimmell. February 4, 1836, he commenced the study of law 
 in the office of Jeremiah S. Black, in Somerset, Penn., during which time 
 he acted as clerk for his father, who was register and recorder of the county 
 up to March, 1839, when he was admitted to the bar. He continued to prac- 
 tice law successfully until the fall of 1850, when he was elected president judge 
 of the Sixteenth Judicial District, composed of Somerset, Bedford, Fulton and 
 Franklin. At the end of the ten years' term, he removed to Chambersburg, 
 where he resumed practice, and has continued to the present. 
 
 JOHN KING. The annals of Franklin County's prominent men would be 
 conspicuously incomplete, were the deeds and sterling worth of the subject of our 
 sketch omitted. John King, an epitome of whose eventful life follows, was born 
 in the neighborhood of Morgantown, Va., in 1776. His parents were members 
 of the Episcopal Church, and he, too, was confirmed in that communion be- 
 fore leaving home to enter upon the severe conflicts of life. This occurred at a 
 comparatively early age. His first employment away from the paternal roof 
 was that of a clerk for an iron firm at Antietam, Md. Thence he went to 
 Mount Pleasant, Penn. , where he was associated with a firm in the same busi- 
 ness, first as a manager and afterward as a regular partner. In this busi- 
 ness, his industry, economy and integrity enabled him to acquire a large estate. 
 He was also a merchant, but for so short a time and that only for the pur- 
 pose of enabling a friend to become thoroughly started in the business, that 
 there exists little necessity for even referring to it. Mr. King was married to 
 Mary S. Maclay, daughter of Hon. William Maclay of New Fannettsburg, this 
 county. From this union, which was consummated about the year 1816, 
 sprang four children. His eldest daughter, Sarah, now deceased, was the 
 wife of J. Ellis Bonham, a talented member of the Carlisle bar, whose untimely 
 death was deeply mourned. His fourth, Emma, still resides in Chambersburg, 
 the honored relict of the lamented and talented J. McDowell Sharpe, whose trib- 
 ute is found in another part of this volume. The second, unmarried, resides 
 with Mrs. Sharpe. The third, Louisa, died at the age of sixteen. His death oc- 
 curred July 8, 1835, at the age of fifty-nine. His estimable widow survived him 
 a number of years. After Mr. King came to Chambersburg, he was a business 
 man of sterling merit. For many years he was president of the Chambers- 
 burg bank, whose interests he guarded zealously. Self-made, he discharged 
 efficiently and conscientiously every duty assigned to him in life. Identified 
 with the various business, literary, religious and charitable enterprises of 
 Chambersburg, his adopted town, he bestowed his energies and sympathies 
 freely upon every good word and work. A devoted member of Falling Spring 
 Presbyterian Church, of which he was a ruling elder, he gave liberally 
 his means, efPorts, prayers and sympathies for its advancement. He had 
 the confidence of the business community, the respect of his neighbors, and the 
 esteem of all. 
 
 LEMUEL KING, coach manufacturer, Chambersburg, was born in Antrim 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., November 11, 1836, son of John and Jane 
 (Holbert) King. Joha King was a native of Maryland, but early in this cen- 
 tury came to Antrim Township and followed school teaching as a profession. 
 He reared nine children to manhood and womanhood, seven of whom are liv- 
 
658 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 iQ„_four sons and three daughters. He took an active part in the militia in 
 early times. His death occurred in 1853. Our subject remained on the farm 
 until seventeen years of age, where he received such schooling as was gener- 
 ally t^iven to farmers' sons in that day. At seventeen he commenced an 
 apprentiseship at the trade of coach-making, and after finishing it he worked 
 in various places for others until 1865, when he commenced business for him- 
 self in Fulton County, Penn. In August, 1866, he removed to Chambersburg, 
 engacred in business, and has since continued the same at this point, the firm 
 at first being styled ' ' Newman, Fry & Co. " Subsequently Mr. Fry died and the 
 title of the firm became ' ' Newman & King. ' ' Later this firm sold to Rice & De 
 Haven, and still later Mr. King purchased the interest of De Haven, and con- 
 tinued' with Mr. Eice till purchasing the interest of the latter in 1880, since 
 which time he has conducted the business alone, and has been engaged in the 
 manufacture of pleasure and light carriages. The establishment is located on 
 North Second Street, west side of Falling Spring, where an extensive busi- 
 ness is carried on, and where are at work about ten hands. In 1860 Mr. King 
 was married at Fulton, to Susan J. Seabrooks, whose death occurred in 1863. 
 In 1867 he was married to Mrs. Eosana Forney, daughter of F. A. Sarman. 
 To this last marriage have been born two children, one of whom, David A., 
 born March 11, 1869, survives. Mr. King and family are members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is identified with Columbus Lodge, No. 
 75, I. O. O. F. 
 
 THE LANES. — Among the early settlers of Franklin County was Sam- 
 uel Lane. His ance.stors, John, Abraham, Nicholas and Richard Lehn (as 
 the patronymic was originally), all unmarried, came to America from Hol- 
 land in 1680. Abraham, Nicholas and Eiehard settled in Lancaster County. 
 John, the direct ancestor of Samuel, made his home near Berlin, Adams Co. , 
 Penn. He had two sons, John and Peter. He died in 1754, at the ripe age 
 of ninety-nine years, and in the full possession of his mental faculties. His 
 son, John, took up his abode near Pipe Creek, Md. Peter remained on the 
 paternal acres, g,nd married a Miss Irwin, an Irish maiden, in Philadelphia, 
 and begat three daughters and five sons (one of whom was Samuel), and died 
 at Berlin in 1787. John removed to Berlin, Somerset Co. , Penn. , and was 
 the patriarch of a numerous family, who were held in much esteem for their 
 integrity and ability. Samuel Lane came into Franklin County in the last 
 decade of the eighteenth century. He was a millwright by occupation, and 
 erected mills in Quincy Township. Messrs. Daniel and Samuel Hughes, of 
 Hagerstown, Md. , owned a large tract of land on South Mountain, wljich was 
 rich in iron ore. Upon this land they determined to erect a furnace, and 
 chose Mr. Lane as their agent to carry their design into execution. Under his 
 superintendence the Mont Alto Iron Works and the Mansion House adjoining 
 were built, in the year 1808. For many years he lived in the house, and 
 superintended the large operations of the furnace. After retiring from the 
 charge of the iron works he settled on his farm in the close vicinity, and spent 
 the residue of his life in conducting his mills, and in agricultural pursuits. 
 He died in January. '1853, in the eighty-second year of his age. ' Mr. Lane was 
 a man of much intellectual force, one who kept up with the times, as the times 
 went in his circumscribed sphere, taking a lively interest in politics, aS a Fed- 
 eralist, and, subsequently, as a fervent Whig, whose ideal of a man and states- 
 man was Henry Clay. His religious creed was Lutheran. He married Ann^ 
 Barbara, a daughter of , Nicholas Bittinger, a wealthy land owner, who was 
 signalized in the Revolution as an ardent Whig, and who was captured by the 
 British at Fort Washington in November, 1776. Samuel and Anna Barbara 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 659 
 
 Lane had five children — three daughters: Mary, Juliana and Elizabeth— and 
 one son — Nicholas Bittinger. Mary married James Gettys, a native of Adams 
 County, Penn. , who was engaged in business in Waynesboro, but subsequently 
 moved to Georgetown, D. C, became a magistrate of that place, and de- 
 voted much time to advancing the interests of Masonry and Odd Fellowship, 
 of which latter order he was one of the pioneers in this country; he died 
 childless. Juliana became the wife of William Hayman, a native of Chester 
 County, Penn. , who was largely engaged in business in Georgetown, D. C. , 
 and was held in high esteem by his fellow citizens for his uprightness and 
 generosity, and for his amiable and afPectionate nature; they left behind 
 them seven children: Mary Elizabeth, Anna B., Julia, Adelaide G. and Kate 
 Wayne, and two sons: William and Samuel Lane. Mr. Hayman was a patron 
 of learning, and his children received thorough educations. William Hay- 
 man, Jr., is living on his grandfather's farm, near Mont Alto, and enjoys the 
 good will and respect of all who know him, as a man of spotless character and 
 large attainments. Samuel L. Hayman, a bright, enthusiastic youth, fell in 
 the Wilderness in the ranks of the Confederacy. Elizabeth, the youngest 
 daughter of Samuel Lane, lived and died on the paternal estate, in January, 
 1880, aged eighty years. 
 
 Nicholas BiTTiNaER Lane was born August 15, 1802, in a log house near 
 Funkstown, the temporary residence of his parents while his father was super- 
 intending the erection of the Mansion House at the iron works, into which the 
 family subsequently moved. He was educated with as much care, and as 
 thoroughly as was possible, in the schools of the neighborhood and in the vil- 
 lage of Waynesboro. An apt and diligent scholar, he imbibed a taste for 
 learning which marked him through his life. John Flanigan, Esq. , a noted 
 man in the county, and one of the most popular and influential members of the 
 Democratic party, taught him the science and art of surveying. In the spring 
 of 1818 the young surveyor went to Chambersburg, and entered the office of 
 Dr. Samuel D. Oulbertson, as a medical student. Dr. Culbertson stood 
 deservedly in the front rank of the practitioners of medicine in the State, and 
 was a man of commanding influence, both socially and professionally, in this 
 section of the Cumberland Valley. Mr. Lane engaged most assiduously in 
 the study of his chosen profession, and remained under the tuition of his 
 eminent master until his graduation at the University of Pennsylvania in the 
 spring of 1822, before he had completed his twentieth year. The faculty of the 
 University complimented his thesis, the title of which was "An Account of an 
 Epidemic which prevailed in Franklin County, Penn., in 1821," by causing its 
 publication in the American Medical Recorder, of Philadelphia, a periodical of 
 the highest character, edited by an association of the most distinguished medi- 
 cal gentlemen of the day. After receiving instructions in dentistry, from a 
 prominent dentist in PhUadelphia, the young physician began the practice of 
 medicine in Chambersburg. In 1824 he formed a partnership with Dr. Alex- 
 ander T. Dean, one of the most accomplished physicians of the State, and one 
 of the most acceptable contributors to the medical journals pf Philadelphia, 
 then the center of medical education and culture in the country. Dr. Dean 
 removing to Harrisburg, Dr. Lane became a member of the firm of Lane, Bain 
 & Culbertson. This triple association was, however, of short diiration, being 
 dissolved by the return of Dr. Bain to Baltimore and the final abandonment by 
 Dr. Culbertson of the profession, which he had so conspicuously adorned. 
 With the exception of a residence of a very few months in Pittsburgh, whence 
 he removed in 1841, Dr. Lane continued the practice of medicine in Chambers- 
 burg until he was stricken, in 18:i2, with the fatal malady of which he died 
 
660 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 on the 15th of April, 1853. Throughout his life he was a sedulous student, 
 and was fully abreast the foremost in the files of his profession in acquirement. 
 In general literature he was more than ordinarily accomplished. A fluent and 
 easy conversationalist, he wrote with force, ease and elegance. As a practi- 
 tioner he was careful, but resolute. He knew what to do, and did it accur- 
 ately and with skill. He loved his profession and did it honor, and, in return, 
 was himself honored and beloved by his large and respectable clientage. In 
 person he was strikingly handsome; in his manners, he was dignified and 
 modest, and his nature was mild, trusting and affectionate. He took a lively 
 interest in the affairs of his community, and in National and State politics. 
 His religious convictions were embodied in the Augsburg Confession, and his 
 political faith, like that of his father, was represented by Henry Clay. In 
 1824 he married Eliza Hetioh, daughter of Thomas Hetich, a prominent citi- 
 zen of Chambersburg, and his wife, formerly Catharine Rudisill, a member o£ 
 a large and influential family of York, Penn. The Hetich family was a noted 
 one in Franklin County, several of its members having filled important local 
 oflSices in the county, and was distinguished for its intense patriotism. Mrs. 
 Lane was a woman "nobly planned." Intellectually and spiritually, she was 
 cultured and refined, and combined the rare association of firmness and affec- 
 tion. She died at Pittsburgh, Penn., on the 23d of April, 1873. 
 
 Dr. N. B. Lane left behind him three daughters and foui sons, namely: 
 Catharine A. , the wife of Dr. James Hamilton, a physician of remarkable abil- 
 ity; Sarah Hetich and Maria Elizabeth, of whom the last named died at Pitts- 
 burgh, mourned by a large and loving acquaintance, July 7, 1880; William C. ; 
 Samuel G. ; Thomas H. ; and Augustus H. In his early boyhood Thomas H. 
 went to the city of Pittsburgh, and remained there permanently. He entered 
 the hardware store of Whitmore & Wolff as a clerk, and has remained with the 
 firm in its various changes, and is now business manager of the large establish- 
 ment of Wolff, Lane & Co., the leading hardware house in the Smoky City. 
 Thomas H. Lane is a man, in very truth, sans peur et sans reproche, and has, 
 in the fullest measure, the esteem and unbounded confidence of all who know 
 him. He is active in all good works, is generous almost to a fault, and is an 
 honored and influential member of the General Council of the Evangelical 
 Lutheran Church. Augustus H. Lane was taken in his youth by his brother 
 Thomas to Pittsburgh, and has been engaged for many years in the hardware 
 business in that city. He is a man of extensive reading, and a writer singularly 
 felicitous, but never publishes. 
 
 William Culbertson Lane, M. D., is the eldest son of Dr. N. B. Lane 
 (see Dr. Wm. C. Lane). He has won especial distinction as local his- 
 torian of his native county. His historic work has the rare merit of absolute 
 verity. A singularly modest gentleman. Dr. Lane possesses a fund of knowl- 
 edge rarely attained. He is a writer of wonderful farcility, rapidity and accu- 
 racy, and IS a conversationalist of exquisite ease, fluency and magnetism. 
 Thoroughly educated in his profession, well read in the classics, and in modern 
 history and literature, absolutely honest and painfully scrupulous, loving and 
 trusting, as if guile and villainy were phantasies of the "Inferno," he only 
 knows not his own worth. 
 
 ..T^"?"" ^^*',Y*^ ^ ^-^NE, second son of Dr. N. B. Lane, was born on the 
 Diamond, in Chambersburg, August 26, 1826. Like his brother Will- 
 iam he received his education at the public schools of his native place, and at 
 the Chambersbiirg. Academy, under the tuition of William Van Lear Davis, 
 -c-sq., at that time, perhaps, the most accomplished private teacher in Penn- 
 sylvania. At the end of his pupilage, he began the study of medicine with his 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUKG. 661 
 
 father, and remained under his training until his graduation at the University 
 of Pennsylvania, in the spring of 1849, at which time he submitted, as his 
 inaugural thesis, an "Essay on the Causes which Influence the Period of 
 Human Life." After a brief association with his uncle, Dr. Andrew Hetich 
 (a brother of his mother), in Bucyrus, Ohio, he opened an ofSce in Pittsburgh, 
 Penn. He did not long remain in that city, being summoned to the bedside of 
 his dying father. After the death of his father, in April, 1853, he was per- 
 suaded by the friends of his father to remain in Chambersburg. In 1854 he 
 associated himself in the practice of medicine with his brother-in-law. Dr. 
 James Hamilton, who was then located at Chambersburg, and who is remem- 
 bered to this day with admiration for his remarkable professional skill and fine 
 social qualities. Dr. Lane is still in the active practice of his profession, in 
 association with a former pupil and friend. Dr. Charles F. Palmer. A few 
 weeks after the battle of Bull Eun he was appointed, by Gov. Curtin, surgeon, 
 with the rank of major, and assigned to the celebrated Fifth Kegiment of Penn- 
 sylvania Eeserves. He served in the field with the Reserve Corps until near the 
 close of their term of enlistment, when he accepted the once rejected promo- 
 tion of Surgeon of the board of enrollment of the Sixteenth District of PeWi- 
 sylvania. After a few months' service in this position he resigned, and was 
 appointed by Gov. Curtin Assistant Surgeon-general of Pennsylvania, in whichN 
 position he remained until after the war. In the burning of Chambersburg by 
 the rebels, in July, 1864, all his property was swept away. He is at present a 
 member of the board of Pension Examiners. In 1860 he married Miss Emily 
 B. McLenegan, daughter of Elijah and Mary McLenegan, of Lancaster, Penn., 
 who fell asleep November 14, 1885. Dr. S. G. Lane was an hereditary Whig, 
 and is a Republican by selection, and, " as all his fathers were," is a positive 
 and uncompromising Lutheran. So far as we can learn, none of the Lanes 
 was ever goaded by the auri sacra fames, and they have lived with content in 
 moderate circumstances. Dr. James Hamilton and Catharine A.' (Lane) have 
 two sons: James A., at present on the editorial staff of the Yraxi^in Repository, 
 a youth of good education, and a bright and forcible writer, and Samuel Lane, 
 an employe of the firm of Wolff, Lane & Co., Pittsburgh, Penn. 
 
 ROBERT C. LEHMANN, Chambersburg, eldest child of Henry and 
 Augusta (Schebler) Lehmann, was born in Peitz, Prussia, July 2, 1855, and 
 received an ordinary education in the public schools of Peitz. In 1869 he immi- 
 grated to America in care of an aunt, and came direct to Chambersburg, where 
 he entered the employ of the Chambersburg Woolen Company to learn the 
 trade of a weaver, and was in course of time promoted to the position of fore- 
 man of the mill. Mr. Lehmann married, February 19, 1880, Sophia, daughter 
 of John Klippert, Jr. , of Chambersburg. Mr. and Mrs. Lehmann are the 
 parents of three sons; Charles H., Robert J. and William F. The parents 
 are members of the Lutheran Church. In politics Mr. Lehmkn is a Republican, 
 but has never aspired to public office. He resides in the comfortable home on 
 West Market Street, which he bought in 1883. 
 
 DAVID M. LEISHER, blacksmith, Chambersburg, was born in Hopewell 
 Township, Cumberland Co., Penn., August 12, 1808, eldest son of John 
 and Barbara (Minnich) Leisher; the former of whom was a weaver by trade, 
 and also owned a small farm. Our subject worked at both branches of busi- 
 ness until his nineteenth year, having but limited educational advantages, but 
 improved such as were offered. At that age he commenced an apprenticeship 
 of three years at the blacksmith trade in Carlisle, Penn. After acquiring a 
 knowledge of that trade he worked as journeyman in Shippensburg for a few 
 months, and, in the fall of 1880, came to Chambersburg, and here followed his 
 
662 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 trade, working for John Burkholder for four years. In 1834 he went into 
 partnership with Mr. Burkholder, which partnership was continued three years 
 and a half. For eleven years following he was in partnership with Thomas J. 
 Early in the same business, until about 1869, and since then has carried on black- 
 smithing himself, the location being formerly on Water Street, but since 1861 
 on Franklin Street. In 1834 our subject was married to Anna Mary, daughter 
 of John Burkholder, and born in Guilford Township, Franklin Co. , Penn., 
 in 1812. To Mr. and Mrs. Lsisher ten children were born, seven of whom 
 are living — two daughters and five sons. Two died in infancy. The fifth son, 
 William B. , was a member of Company D, Two Hundred and Tenth Eegiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, was wounded at the battle of Gravely Run, 
 March 31, 1865, and died five days later at City Point, Va. Those living 
 are Rev. George W. , a minister of the Lutheran Church in Juniata County; 
 David F. , a messenger for the Chambersburg National Bank, and who was a sol- 
 dier in the late war, wounded at Fredericksburg; John H. , who. at an early age 
 learned the trade of his father, at which he worked until September 14, 1862, 
 when he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylva- 
 nia Volunteers ; he was discharged for disability and, in 1864, re-enlisted, this 
 time in the Two Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and 
 participated in Numerous engagements, including Five Forks and Gravely 
 Run, serving until the close of the war, when he was discharged at Arlington 
 Heights, Va. , May 30, 1865; Annie M. , unmarried, who still resides with her 
 parents; Rebecca B., married to Wm. A. Allen, a farmer; Barton A., who is a 
 gang boss in a railroad shop; Daniel McC, who learned blacksmithing in his 
 father's shop, but now follows slating. David M., the subject proper of this 
 sketch, was elected county commissioner in 1856, and held the office for three 
 years; he also represented the North Ward in the town council before the war. 
 He has been a member of the I. O. O. F. , since 1842. The family is identi- 
 fied with the First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg. 
 
 WILLIAM H. LIPPY, builder and contractor, Chambersburg, was born 
 in Chambersburg, this county, October 23, 1838, son of David and Lydia 
 (Cummins) Lippy. His early education was acquired in the public schools, 
 and at twelve years of age he commenced working with his father at the 
 mason's trade, and subsequently learning it continued working for his father 
 till 1862, when he embarked in business on his own account, and has since 
 been engaged in building and contracting for stone and brick work, and he 
 has erected many fine edifices, including the Presbyterian Church, all the 
 maspnry (including the engine and boiler) of the Taylor works. Dr. Merk- 
 lein's residence, Wolf & Hamaker's foundry, etc. He has done a successful 
 and extensive business. Mr. Lippy was married, in 1862, to Caroline Smith. 
 To this union have been born five children, of whom four are living — one 
 daughter and three sons. The family are members of the Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church. Mr. Lippy is a member of the I. O. 0. F. In politics he is a 
 Republican. ^He occupies a handsome residence on Broad Street, built by 
 himself in 1872. He is a self-made man, and a substantial, esteemed citizen. 
 He has ever been interested in the development of Chambersburg, and has 
 aided much in inducing manufacturers to locate here. Mr. Lippy is also an 
 active worker m the temperance cause, but has never aspired to public office. 
 
 GEORGE LDDWIG, retired weaver, Chambersburg, was born in Hesse 
 Darinstadt, Lichtenberg, Germany, January 10, 1811, son of George Henry 
 and Margaret (Eisenbach) Ludwig. At the age of fifteen years he began 
 learning the trade of cooper and brewer, on the completion of which he was 
 occupied till 1832 in the wine vaults as cooper and distiller. In 1832 he immi- 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 663 
 
 grated to America, and in the fall of the same year went to Trenton, N. J. 
 where he worked as brewer until the following spring. He then went'to Car- 
 lisle, Penn. , where he worked in a distillery for five months. In August 
 1833, he came to Chambersburg and entered the employ of David Washa'- 
 baugh, as brewer, with whom he remained some six or seven years. In April 
 1840, he rented a brewery on South Main Street, which he carried on for six years! 
 He then purchased a property opposite the same, converting it into a brewery 
 which he successfully operated until 1846. Subsequently, in 1855, he purchased 
 the property where his brewery is now located. Here he carried on the brew- 
 ery business until burned out in 1864. He immediately rebuilt and resumed 
 brewing, at which he was engaged with great success until retiring from busi- 
 ness in the fall of 1881. In 1834 Mr. Ludwig was married to Mary Shane, 
 and to them were born fourteen children, of whom but six survive — one daugh- 
 ter and five sons. Mrs. Ludwig died December 5, 1882; she was a member 
 of the Reformed Church for many years. Mr. Ludwig is identified with the 
 Lutheran Church, and is a member of the Masonic order. He is a self-made 
 man, and one of the substantial citizens of Franklin County. 
 
 GEORGE W. LUDWIG, jeweler, Chambersburg, was born in that place 
 April 29, 1856, eldest son of John S. and Sophia Ludwig. He received in- 
 struction in the public schools of his native place, until he was fifteen years old, 
 when he learned the jeweler's trade, which was completed in Cumberland, 
 Md., Wheeling, W. Va. and Philadelphia. He then returned to Cham- 
 bersburg, and in April, 1879, opened the business which he is still con- 
 ducting. He began in a small way under the firm name of G. W. Ludwig & 
 Co., under which title it continued until November 29, 1881, since which pe- 
 riod Mr. Ludwig has carried an extensive line of watches, clocks, jewelry and 
 silverware, and now has the leading house of the kind in Chambersburg. 
 On March 15, 1882, our subject was married to Miss Emma J. Brengle, and 
 they are the parents of one son, Carleton, born November 6, 1885. In poli- 
 tics our subject is a Republican. 
 
 ORMOND N. LULL, retired engineer and superintendent of the Cumber- 
 land Valley Railroad, Chambersburg, was born in Sharon, Windsor Co., 
 Vt., July 25, 1816, youngest son of Samuel and Clarissa (Slate) Lull. He 
 was reared on a farm, working a part of his time in a grist and saw-mill until 
 seventeen years of age. He attended the common schools of the neighborhood, 
 and for a time went to a select school, in Tolland County, Conn. , and in that 
 county, when seventeen, began learning the trade of a carpenter and joiner. 
 After completing his apprenticeship he carried on the business in the same 
 county, and was there married to Abigail P. Sumner. To Mr. and Mrs. Lull 
 were born three children, two of whom died in infancy, the one living being the 
 widow of W. B. Gilmore and the mother of one son and one daughter, all 
 residing with our subject. In 1844 Mr. Lull removed to Norwich, Conn., and 
 there remained until 1849, when he came to Chambersburg. Here he entered 
 the employ of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, taking charge of the mechani- 
 cal department. Later he became a locomotive engineer, and as such served 
 two or three years. In 1856 he was appointed superintendent of the road, a 
 position he filled for eighteen years. The company under his administration, 
 from being a worthless broken-down corporation, became a first-class paying 
 concern. Prom 1873 until 1882 he occupied the position of chief engineer 
 and superintendent of motive power. Since 1882 he has led a retired life and 
 now occupies an elegant place with commodious grounds situated on North 
 Main Street. He is a member of the Baptist Church, with which he has been 
 identified for many years. Mr. Lull is a genial, pleasant gentleman and an 
 esteemed citizen. 
 
664 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 LEVI J. McCORMICK, retired railroad conductor, was born at Oxford, 
 Chester Co., Penn., May 18, 1812, a son of Jesse and Elizabeth Taylor 
 McCormick. He received a limited education, and early began the trade of 
 his father, that of hatter. When seventeen he commenced driving a stage, 
 which he continued one year, and then returned to his father and completed 
 his trade, alternating with occasional stage driving between West Chester and 
 Philadelphia; subsequently he drove &om Oxford to Doe Eun, and was 
 also engaged in driving horse-cars from Lancaster to Gap. December 31, 
 1839, he came to Chambersburg, and engaged in driving a stage between 
 Chambersburg and McConnellsburg for D. O. Gehr, and later drove horse- 
 cars for the same party from Chambersburg to Hagerstown; then entered the 
 Chambersburg office as agent, and as such remained about two years. In 
 October, 1851, he was appointed baggageman on the Cumberland Valley Kail- 
 road, which position he filled for four years, and about 1855 was appointed 
 conductor on the same road, continuing as such until retiring in 1883, the oldest 
 conductor of that railroad in the Cumberland Valley. For the first ten years 
 he ran between Harrisburg and Chambersburg, and during the last twelve 
 years between Harrisburg and Hagerstown, returning daily. January 12, 
 1835, Mr. McCormick was married to Louisa Shetley, born in York County, 
 Penn., May 25, 1816, and they are the parents of six children, four of whom 
 are living — one daughter and three sons: Alexander, a resident of Harrisburg; 
 William D., at home; Levi J., Jr., a printer by trade, residing at Harrisburg; 
 and Mary J. , at home. Mr. McCormick and family are members of the 
 Lutheran Church. Our subject never desired public office. He is an esteemed 
 citizen, occupying a handsome house, which he built iu 1883. 
 
 HON. THOMAS GBUBB McCULLOH.— No name is remembered with 
 warmer admiration by the people of Franklin County, than that of our subject, 
 whose fame as the great lawyer was the pride of his community. He was 
 born in Greencastle, on the 20th day of April, 1785. His grandfather, 
 George McCuUoh, bom about 1710, at Killibegs, in the County Donegal, 
 Ireland, came to the American colonies in 1728, settled in Lancaster County, 
 and died in Little Britain, in that county, in 1806 or 1807. His father, 
 Robert, was the eldest son of George, and was born in 1750. On the maternal 
 side, he was a descendant of Thomas Grubb, whose father was one of the earli- 
 est emigrants from England to this country, coming over with William Penn. 
 Thomas Grubb settled in Lancaster County, and his oldest daughter. Prudence, 
 was united in marriage with Robert McCulloh, the father of the subject of 
 this sketch, in 1778. About this time Robert McCulloh removed to Franklin 
 County, where all his children were born. Thomas G. McCulloh was educat- 
 ed m Greencastle, under the tuition of Mr. Borland, who afterward became a 
 very prominent professor in a literary institution in the State of New York. 
 He studied law in Chambersburg, under Andrew Dunlop, one of the most dia- 
 tir^ished lawyers of Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar in 1804 or 
 1805, and was married on the 1st of September, 1808, to Margaret Purviance. 
 He practiced law in Chambersburg about forty-three years, during part of 
 which period he attended the courts of Bedford County, and was frequently 
 caUed upon to try causes in other parts of the State, going as far as Pittsborgh 
 even, being retained as counsel in important land suits, in which class of cases 
 he had great celebrity. The reports of the supreme court of Pennsylvania 
 formsh ample evidence of his immense practice, and bear convincing proof of 
 his renown as a lawyer. In 1821 he was elected to Congress, and dicing his 
 service there his wife died suddenly, February 26, 1821. For five or six terms, 
 he represented his county in the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBERSBURG. 665 
 
 and was mainly instrumental, with his colleague, James Dunlop, Esq. , son of 
 his preceptor, Andrew Dunlop, in having the Cumberland Valley Railroad ex- 
 tended to Chambersburg. He was the first president of this road, but 
 resigned a few years before his death. At the time of his decease, he was 
 president of the Bank of Chambersburg. Thomas G. McCulloh was not only 
 prominent as a lawyer, but was a man of varied information, capable of discus- 
 sing almost any subject brought before him. He was well versed in agri- 
 cultural pursuits, and very attentive to the improvement of his farms, of 
 which he had, at times, two or three. A man of public spirit and enterprise, 
 he was always willing to lend a helping hand to all public improvements in his 
 county or town. To the day of his death, he was a close student, reading 
 works upon all subjects, particularly those of a legal character. He had a 
 large, well-selected library, miscellaneous and professional, and was constantly 
 adding to its volume. When the first drum beat for volunteers to repel the 
 British invasion of Baltimore, he stepped from his office into the ranks of the 
 recruiting party, and marched with the company to the threatened city. 
 When the regiment was formed he was appointed its quartermaster. He took 
 charge of the Franklin Repository and edited it while its celebrated editor, 
 Geo. K. Harper, was absent with the army on the northern frontiers. He 
 died at Chambersburg, September 10, 1848. Mr. McCulloh was always 
 popular with the members of the bar, not only on account of his unusual legal 
 attainments, but for his professional courtesy, which was especially extended 
 to its junior members. As a public speaker he was not fluent, but was clear 
 and logical, and his manner of speaking was of a conversational character, 
 carrying great weight with juries. He wrote with skill and force. It is tra- 
 ditional that he was singularly independent of the stereotyped formulas of 
 legal documents, and that his brief papers were remarkably pointed and un- 
 assailable. Judge Jerry Black said of him: "He could say more and say it 
 better in ten minutes than any man I ever saw." He has left behind him the 
 reputation of being one of the ablest jurists of his day. His manners were ex- 
 ceedingly plain and popular, and he was always a favorite of his fellow citizens. 
 A. H. McCULLOH, general ticket agent Cumberland Valley Railroad, 
 Chambersburg, was born in the city of which he is still a resident, April 23, 
 1816, son of Thomas G. , and Margaret (Purviance) McCulloh. He received a 
 rudimentary education in the schools of his time in Chambersburg, attended a 
 military academy at Germantown, Penn. , and afterward passed a year and a 
 half at Yale College where he completed his studies. In 1834-35-36 he studied 
 medicine, and attended one course of lectures. He then went West, but re- 
 turned in a short time, and in 1840 studied law, and was admitted to the bar 
 the year following. After his admission to the bar he spent some time in Indi- 
 ana, and then returned to Chambersburg, where he practised law three or four 
 years. In 1851 he entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley Railroad as 
 conductor; then served as clerk in the superintendent's office, as assistant audi- 
 tor, and as general ticket agent, respectively, which latter position he held till 
 August 4, 1886, when he resigned on account of ill health. In 1837 Mr. Mc- 
 Culloh was married to Elizabeth Brown, and to them have been born six chil- 
 dren, of whom three daughters are living. Mrs. McCulloh died August 10, 
 1884. Mr. McCulloh was clerk for four years for the county commissioners, 
 and served as burgess of Chambersburg for one year. He has been a Mason for 
 many years, and is identified with other societies. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican. He organized the first Know-nothing society in Franklin County, May 
 11, 1854, and was the first district deputy of the organization. He and his 
 family are members of the Central Presbyterian Church. 
 
 36 
 
666 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 EDMUND G. McGOVKAN, M. D. , (deceased) was born in Martinsburg, Va., 
 May 1, 1797, only son of Philip and Nancy (Farrelly) McGovran. He read 
 medicine with Dr. Boseley, of Frederick, Md. , and obtained a diploma from a 
 Philadelphia school of medicine. At the age of twenty-one he commenced 
 to practice his profession in Loudon, Franklin Co., Penn., where he re- 
 mained some time, but afterward removed to Mercersburg, Penn., where he 
 had a successful and extensive practice. There, in 1825, he married Matilda 
 Martin. Their children are Dr. William M. and Annie E., who reside in 
 Chambersburg. The Doctor practiced in Mercersburg untU removing to Me- 
 chanicsburg, Cumberland Co. , Penn. , where failing health compelled him to 
 abandon laborious practice. Subsequently he removed to Fairmont, Va. , and 
 there, and in other points in that State, practiced his profession. About 1865 
 he came to Chambersburg, Penn., and died here September 16, 1869. His 
 widow survived him tiU October 3, 1879. The Doctor was a member of the 
 Masonic order for many years. He was a zealous physician, an industrious 
 ^worker and charitable in his disposition. In politics he was a Democrat. 
 
 A. C. McGEATH, superintendent of the gas and water works, Chambersburg, 
 ^was born in Philadelphia, January 10, 1835, a son of John and Annie (Allan) 
 McGrath. When a boy he attended the public schools of his native city, and in 
 1849 commenced an apprenticeship at the trade of plumber and gas-fitter. 
 About 1853, he entered the employ of Abraham Myers, and assisted in the 
 erection of the gas works at Norristown, Penn., and in building similar works in 
 other parts of the State. In 1856 he came to Chambersburg with Abraham 
 Myers for the purpose of erecting gas works in this city. After their comple- 
 tion in 1857, he was elected superintendent of the Chambersburg Gas-works, 
 and held the office until August, 1862, when he enlisted in the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-sixth Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and with the 
 regiment participated in all the battles down to that of Fredericksburg, when 
 he was discharged on account of disability. He then returned to civil life and 
 j-esumed his former position, superintendent of the gas works of Chambersburg. 
 Dming the march! of Lee's army through Franklin County, Mr. McGrath was 
 taken prisoner, with eight others, as a citizen prisoner on July 7, 1863, and 
 was held T;intil the latter part of March, 1865, confined in Libby prison. Castle 
 Thunder and at Salisbury, N. C. On being released he again resumed his 
 former position in the gas works, which he still fills. In 1882 he was elected 
 superintendent of the Chambersburg Water- works, a position he still retains. 
 Mr. McGrath once represented his ward in the city council. He has been a 
 member of the Masonic order many years and secretary of his lodge for twenty 
 years past. In politics he is a Republican. In 1857 he was married to Susan 
 B., daughter of John Hutchison, a former resident pf Chambersburg, which 
 union has been blessed with two children: Frank R. and Susan M. The fam- 
 ily attend the services of the Episcopal Church 
 
 JAMES A. Mcknight, attorney at law, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Washington Township, Indiana Co., Penn., June 3, 1849, the eldest son 
 «f WiUiam C. and Louisa H. (Davison) McKnight. In 1852 he removed with 
 his parents to Antrim Township, this county, where he was a pupil at thepub- 
 ]^n.nf /fi!'^ ^^®^- • ^^ ^^^"^ '""^^^^ Elder's Eidge Academy, Indiana 
 $«T£ ^^ 7r ^T^T"* "^^^^ ^'^^' 1867. In September of the same 
 ^^nl 187^ ""^^ ^ I*^^**® ^°"^S^' *^°°^ ^^i«^ institution he graduated in 
 June, 1871. He had commenced reading law with his present partner, Hon. 
 
 in T,;.! ?f79 ^'^i^ ^^^"^ ?"°^ *° ^^ graduation and was admitted to the bar 
 whenT'w ,q ^« P^^t^?«d ?lo^e in Chambersburg until October, 1874, 
 when he formed a partnership with Hon. W. S. Stenger, which still continues 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBUEG. 667 
 
 Mr. McKnight was married in November, 1875, to Louisa B. Lindsay, a 
 daughter of Hugh D. Lindsay, and by her has two daughters living: MaryL. 
 and Elizabeth B. The parents are members of the Central Presbyterian 
 Church, of the Sabbath-school of which Mr. McKnight has been superintend- 
 ent since 1871. Mr. McKnight was elected trustee of La Eayette College in 
 1876, a position he yet fills. He is now attorney for the county commission- 
 ers, also for the Western Maryland Eailroad and South Pennsylvania Eailroad. 
 Politically he is a Eepublican. 
 
 GEORGE H. MEEKLEIN, late of Chambersburg, was born June 27, 
 1816. He was the son of George Henry Merklein, an early and prominent 
 citizen of Franklin County. His father, like himself, was a printer by trade 
 and, like himself, his father possessed literary abilities of no mean order, being 
 engaged for some time in translating from the German for the Franklin Re- 
 publican, then owned and published by John Hershberger. This engage- 
 ment was from 1810 until 1812 or thereabouts. George Henry Merklein, Jr., 
 the hero of this sketch, received a fair education in the schools of his native 
 town. He was afterward received as an apprentice in the office of the Whig 
 then published by Joseph Pritts. Here it was that he learned his trade, sub- 
 sequently becoming foreman of the office. In 1840, in connection with S. D. 
 Brovm, he published a small campaign paper which bore the title of The Tilt- 
 Hammer and which supported the fortunes of Harrison and Tyler in the ex- 
 citing presidental contest which waged that year. With P. D. Frey he after- 
 ward started the Semi-Weekly Dispatch which, under the firm name of G. H. 
 Merklein & Co., was continued until June, 1863, when it was merged with the 
 Repository. Prior to this, namely, in 1857, he had become one of the proprie- 
 tors of the Repository, remaining as such until the establishment of the Dispatch 
 in 1861. In 1854 he was elected register and recorder by the Know- Nothing 
 or American party, his term lasting until December 1, 1857. He was married 
 in January, 1843, to Miss Margaret A. Nave, daughter of a well-known citizen 
 of the county. Five children blessed this union, two of them still surviving, 
 viz. : Dr. Chas. H. Merklein, now practicing medicine in Philadelphia, and Mrs. 
 Mary C. Wood, wife of Geo. H. Wood, of Chambersburg. His son, Dr. 
 Merklein, graduated in pharmacy in 1868, and in medicine at Pennsylvania 
 University, Philadelphia, in 1869. Mr. Merklein, the subject of this sketch, 
 was a consistent member of the Methodist Church, a Eepublican of the 
 sternest type, a charter member of No. 75, I. O. O. F. , Penna. , and a man 
 of many sterling qualities. He was a writer of marked ability and a citizen 
 who had the respect of everybody. He died October 14, 1863, widely 
 mourned. His widow, Mrs. M. A. Merklein, still survives him. 
 
 F. C. MEEKLEIN, late of Chambersburg, was born in 1806 in Chambers- 
 burg, Penn. , and was educated at Chambersburg Academy. He was a man of 
 more than ordinary ability. He was abrother of G. H. Merklein, who served as 
 register and recorder of Franklin County in the years 1854, 1856 and 1857. He 
 was at one time editor of Franklin Repository, also published a monthly called 
 Gazetteer, in 1883, aiid afterward a weekly paper called The Village Mercury. In 
 1847 he established at MiiHintown, Juniata County, the Sentinel, which still 
 exists. He was a popular vrriter, critical, erudite and polished. He left 
 the impress of his genius on the jormalistic and literary circles of the State 
 of almost half a century ago. His knowledge in literature, morals, science 
 and the arts was large and extended. No man in southern Pennsylvania, in his 
 day, had a stronger hold on the people. He died in September, 1885, at the 
 advanced age of eighty-one years. 
 • WILLIAM H. MICHAELS, night watchman for the Cumberland Valley 
 
668 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 EaUroad Company, Chambersburg, was born in Chambersburg, this county, 
 March 7, 1841, second son of Christian and Harriett (Reed) Michaels. He was 
 educated in the public schools, and when seventeen commenced an apprenticeship 
 at the trade of stone cutter, and then worked as journeyman for one year. 
 In 1861, owing to failing eye-sight, he gave up his trade and entered the em- 
 ploy of the Cumberland Valley Eailroad Company, filling the position of night 
 watchman until September, 1864, when he enlisted in Company D, Two 
 Hundred and Tenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, serving 
 under Capt. McKnight. He participated in the engagements on the Weldon 
 Railroad and Hatcher's Run, and was present at the surrender of Gen. Lee. 
 He served till the close of the war and was mustered out at Washington, D. C, 
 in June, 1865. Returning to civil life he resumed his former position of 
 night watchman for the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company which he still fills, 
 having charge of the numerous shops, buildings etc, of the company. Our 
 subject was married, in 1861, to Catharine, daughter of Isaac Thompson, of 
 WUliamsport, Md., and to this union were born six children: John W. (the 
 eldest) died at the age of twenty-one in 1882; Charles W. ; Harry T. ; Eddie, 
 died in infancy; Delia G. ; Minnie F. Mr. Michaels and family are members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1877 Mr. Michaels was elected a member 
 of the school board , and filled this position for three years ; he also represented the 
 First Ward in the town council during 1882-83. He owns and occupies a hand- 
 some residence on North Main Street, Chambersburg, which he built in 1883. 
 Mr. Michaels' sons, Charles W., and Harry T., are also employes of the Cum- 
 berland Valley Railroad Company. 
 
 GEORGE L. MILES, cigar box manufacturer, was born in Chambersburg, 
 July 9, 1834, a son of William and Mary (Duscher) Miles. The father having 
 died when the son was about twelve years old, the latter received but little 
 schooling, and that in the schools of Chambersburg, and was thus early in life 
 thrown upon his own resources. He was employed some two years assisting 
 Dr. Kennedy in farm work, when he entered the employ of John Riesner, a 
 baker and confectioner, with whom he remained some seven years. In March, 
 
 1852, he was married to Mary E. Crider, who was born in Carlisle, Penn., 
 September 21, 1833. After marriage in 1852, Mr. Miles entered the employ 
 of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, as fireman on a locomotive, but 
 which pursuit, on account of failing health, he was obliged to abandon after a 
 service of two years. He then went into business for himself, and successfully 
 carried on a bakery and restaurant until the first call for volunteers in April, 
 1861, when he disposed of his business, and with the militia company, of which 
 he had been first lieutenant (then Company B, Second Regiment, Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Infantry), went to the war for three months, and after serving 
 out the time of enlistment, re-enlisted, as captain of Company G, One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty- Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, for nine months. He 
 was at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and at the expiration of his term of 
 service he raised company C for the Twenty-first Cavalry, a, six months regi- 
 ment. In 1863 Captain Miles returned to civU life, and embarked in tiie 
 grocery trade, which he conducted some two or three years, and again entered 
 the employ of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, with which he re- 
 mained one year, and since that time, until some four years ago, has been in the 
 employ of the various hotels of Chambersburg. He then led a retired life imtil 
 January, 1 885, when he commenced the manufacture of cigar boxes. Mrs. Miles 
 died August 19, 1883, the mother of one daughter, Mary E., bom April 13, 
 
 1853, who became the wife of Edward KaufPman, and died May 10, 1882. 
 Captain Miles is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, also of 
 
BOROUGH OF OHAMBERSBURG. 669 
 
 the K. of p. and American Mechanics. He represented the First Ward 
 in the conncil for four years in succession, commencing in 1877. He has 
 always interested himself in militia matters, and up to one year ago he com- 
 manded a company of National Guards of Pennsylvania. 
 
 J. B. MILLEE, tin and copper smith, Chambersburg, was born in that city 
 May 23, 1819, youngest son of Frederick and Eve (Schriver) Miller. Freder- 
 ick Miller, born in Lancaster County, Penn. , about 1776, came to Franklin 
 County about the commencement of the present century. A tin and copper 
 smith by trade, he commenced business in Chambersburg in 1806, which he 
 carried on until his retirement in 1850. He reared to maturity a family of 
 seven children, two of whom survive, J. B., and Mrs. Julia Ann Strickler, of 
 Dayton, Ohio. Frederick Miller once served as county commissioner. His 
 death occurred in 1858. Our subject was educated at the public schools of 
 Chambersburg, and early in life learned the trade of tin and copper smith, un- 
 der the instruction of his father, and followed the trade, working as journey- 
 man until 1850, when he became his father's successor. In 1880 he removed 
 his business to his present location on the Diamond, where he has an extensive 
 trade in the house furnishing line. This is the oldest business house in con- 
 tinuous trade in Chambersburg. In 1855 Mr. Millar married Mary C. , daugh- 
 ter of Matthew Simpson, a former citizen of Chambersburg, and they became 
 the parents of six children, now living, all sons. Mrs. Miller is a member of 
 Zion's Reformed Church, and Mr. Miller is a supporter of all Christian objects. 
 He represented the First Ward in the town council in 1875. 
 
 ANDREW J. MILLER (deceased) was born in Chambersburg, this county, 
 June 12, 1823, a son of Andrew and Margaret (Denning) Miller. He was 
 educated in the public schools and the academy of Chambersburg, entered 
 the drug store of his uncle, Lewis Denning, early in life, and there remained 
 until the death of his uncle in 1849. He then undertook the charge of the store, 
 and conducted the same as proprietor successfully until his death, which oc- 
 curred August 29, 1885. Mr. Miller first married, in 1869, Ellen Senseny, and 
 to this union were born two children, one of whom is now living, Katie S., 
 Mrs. Miller died June 10, 1874, and our subject then married, August 24, 
 1875, Mattie, daughter of George Barnitz, of Chambersburg, and by her had 
 one daughter, Mabel Denig, born August 11, 1879. Mr. Miller was a mem- 
 ber of the Reformed Chui-ch ; politically he was a Republican. 
 
 HENRY MINNICH (deceased) was a native of Fulton County, Penn. He 
 grew up on a farm, and received such educational advantages as the neighbor- 
 hood schools afforded. After leaving home he engaged in stage driving for Daniel 
 Gehr, of Chambersburg, from Chambersburg to McConnellsburg; then was 
 employed with the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, in which he contin- 
 ued until his sudden death by accident, December 16, 1860. May 15, 1848, 
 he was married to Mary A. MuUennix, a native of Cumberland County, Md., 
 born April 30,1829, a daughter of Bartholemew andLucretia (Lynch) MuUen- 
 nix, and to them five chil(£en were born (three now living) ; William Francis, 
 Sarah E. , Bartholemew, Samuel and Basil H. William Francis was employed 
 at the Clark & Shepler saw-mill until the time of his death, December 6, 1865; 
 Barthqlemew, the third child, an engineer of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, 
 was killed in a collision at Mont Alto Junction, August 29, 1882; Samuel, the 
 fourth dhild, a machinist by trade, in the employ of the Cumberland Valley 
 Railroad, married and is away from home; Sarah E. and Basil H. are residing 
 with their mother. Mrs. Minnich and daughter are members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 SAMUEL MONATH, contractor and builder, Chambersburg, was born at 
 
670 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 that place September 1, 1848, son ol John and Anna Catherine Monath. Hfr 
 obtained a fair education in the public schools of Chambersburg, and in the 
 spring of 1864 he enlisted in the Twenty-first Eegiment, Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
 and participated in the battle of Five Forks, at front of Petersburg, and at the 
 retreat of Gen. Lee, and was present at the latter' s surrender at Appomattox 
 Court House, /Va., April 9, 1865. He served until the close of the war, 
 and was discharged at Harrisburg, Penn., in the fall of 1865. Eeturning to 
 civil life, he came to Chambersburg and served an apprenticeship at the trade 
 of carpenter and builder with Shepler & Myers, with whom he continued to. 
 work until commencing business for himself in about 1874. Since then he has 
 been extensively engaged in contracting and building, and is now doing the 
 most extensive business, probably, in that line in the county. He has erected 
 several of the finest buildings in the borough. He employs, during the season, 
 from ten to fifteen carpenters. October 4, 1868, Mr. Monath was married to 
 Eliza Smith, and they are the parents of two sons: John W. and Walter S. 
 The parents are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Monath has been a 
 member of the I. O. 0. F. for eighteen years; also of the encampment. About 
 six years ago he was elected to the office of councilman, serving a term of two 
 years, and at the present time is one of the school directors of the borough. In 
 politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 JOHN MONTGOMERY, M. D., Chambersburg, grandson of James Mont- 
 gomery, who eriiigrated from the North of Ireland in 1798, and son of James 
 Montgomery, of Chambersburg, was born in West Chester, Chester Co., Penn., 
 December 29, 1835. He was academically educated at Lititz Academy, and 
 after studying medicine at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, graduated 
 from that institution in March, 1858. He located himself in Chambersburg, 
 where he pursued a general practice, and where he subsequently, after 1864, 
 entered into partnership with Dr. John Curtis Richards, in whose office he had 
 been a student, and with whom he continued in practice eight years. The 
 Doctor is a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and was its 
 vice-president in 1874; he was also president of the Medical Society of Franklin 
 County, and its recording secretary in 1877. In 1862 he married C. A. , 
 daughter of Peter Brough, Esq., of Chambersburg. Dr. and Mrs. Mont- 
 gomery are members of the church. 
 
 PETER NICKLAS, dealer in furniture and carpets, Chambersburg, was 
 born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, April 19, 1839, eldest son of Peter and 
 Margaret Nicklas. His father died in Germany in 1848, and the same year 
 he, with his mother, immigrated to America, coming direct to Chambersburg. 
 Here Peter acquired a knowledge of English in the public schools, and early 
 in life learned, under the instruction of his icicle, George Nicklas, carpet and 
 coverlet weaving, remaining with him until of age. His uncle died in Febru- 
 ary, 1860, and in April of the same year Peter succeeded to the business, 
 which he conducted until the fall of 1865, when he, with his brother Adam, 
 formed the firm of P. Nicklas & Bro., who, in connection with carpet 
 weaving, carried on a general stock of carpets. In 1880 the present firm of 
 P. Nicklas, Bro. & Co. was formed. About ihe year 1882 the firm again en- 
 larged their business by adding thereto a general and extensive stock of furni- 
 ture and paper hangings. The establishment is a substantial one, and is 
 doing a large and safe business. Mr. Nicklas was married, February 15, 
 1861, to a daughter of Christian Henneberger, a former resident of Cham- 
 bersburg, and to this union were born ten children, eight of whom are living- 
 three daughters and five sons. The family is identified with the United Breth- 
 ren m Christ Church. In politics Mr. Nicklas is a Prohibitionist. 
 
BOKOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 671 
 
 WILLIAM ORE.. Among those driven from their homes in Scotland by relig- 
 ious intolerance, in the seventeenth century, were the grandparents of a Presby- 
 terian gentleman named John Orr. Like so many of their co-religionists, they 
 sought and found a refuge in the hospitable province of Ulster, in the North of 
 Ireland. With the person named, we are only uow concerned because of his. 
 son Thomas. Quite early in life Thomas was wafted by the tide of emigra- 
 tion to the shores of America, and settled near Bucklestown, now Darkesville 
 in the State of Virginia. Not satisfied with the prospects of enlarging his 
 smdll competency in that locality, and full of the energy and buoyancy of 
 youth, he determined to remove to Pennsylvania, toward which State many 
 thousands of his countrymen were flocking. The modes of traveling in those- 
 days, through a comparative wilderness, were very primitive. The traveler 
 either walked or rode on horseback. Thomas chose the latter mode. Els' ar- 
 rangements were soon made, and his small stock of goods was packed in his 
 ample saddlebags, and his long journey toward his new home then began. 
 His progress was necessarily slow and wearisome, but he at length arrived in 
 Lancaster County, Penn. , where he determined to remain. But this intention 
 was soon changed, and he retraced his steps and journeyed westward until he 
 reached Franklin County. Here he ultimately chose as his home a tract of. 
 land in that locality known as " Culbei-tson' s Eow," in Southampton Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co., Penn. Settled in his new home, he married Martha, a 
 daughter of Samuel Breckenridge, an old and prominent citizen of the neigh- 
 borhood. He remained in this vicinity until his death, in 1814, having pre- 
 viously purchased the farm upon which his son William' s earlier years were 
 spent. Capt. Thomas Orr, by which title he was usually distinguished, was 
 the father of five children — three sons, John, William and James B. , and two 
 daughters, Margaret and Martha. His son William, who was born on April 
 20, 1802, was twelve j'ears old at the period of his father's death. At this 
 immature age he was sent to Virginia, near Darkesville, to live with a grand- 
 uncle. His residence here was, however, short, as he remained only two yearsj 
 with this relative, and then returned to his maternal home. During a portion 
 of the next six years he attended the neighboring school, and diligently ap- 
 plied himself to his books. A boy of his active intelligence could not help 
 soon acquiring all the rudiments of an education that the district pedagoguo 
 was capable of imparting. When he attained his eighteenth year, in 1820, 
 he began an apprenticeship in the tannery of the late James Finley, of Cham- 
 bersburg. His apprenticeship finished and his trade fully mastered, he 
 started for New Market, Va. , at which town he had the promise of work. 
 With his meager effects in a bundle, carried on his shoulder, he traversed, on 
 foot, the long distance intervening between his home and his destination. 
 He did not stay long in New Market. Presuming that Washington presented 
 a more inviting field for a journeyman tanner, he started for the Nation's cap- 
 ital. He walked from New Market to Fredericksburg, and traveled thence by 
 stage to the mouth of Cedar Creek. One of his fellow passengers was no 
 less a personage than Gen. Andrew Jackson, who had not yot acquired the ex- 
 tensive fame and popularity which he afterward secured. His wonderful de- 
 cision of character and impressive conversation made a deep and permanent, 
 impression upon the mind of the young itinerant tanner. 
 
 At the mouth of Cedar Creek, William saw a steamboat for the first time, 
 which greatly excited his curiosity, and upon which he took passage for Wash- 
 ington. Disappointed in his expectations of finding lucrative employment in 
 Washington, he tlen started for home, which, after a wearisome journey, he 
 'finally reached. If this episode in his life failed to add anything to hie 
 
■672 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 material wealth, the experience which he so dearly bought, and his knowledge 
 of the world, and especially the development of his own resources, amply 
 repaid him for all he had suffered and lost. In 1830 his actual business life 
 may be said to have begun. In that year, associated with his brother John, 
 he rented the tannery in Orrstown, and moved there, forming a partnership 
 under the firm name of J. & W. Orr. In the following year the firm bought 
 the tannery and the farm connected with it, containing over 100 acres 
 of land, which then embraced the ground upon which Orrstown was subse- 
 quently built. But their business operations were by no means confined to 
 the manufacture and sale of leather, but included transactions of various 
 kinds, which the necessities of those who were building a new tovm demanded; 
 and thus they ranked, in a few years, among the most extensive dealers and 
 merchants in Southern Pennsylvania. In 1836 the firm was enlarged by the 
 admission of James B. Orr, their youngest brother. The name of the firm 
 was then changed to J. Orr & Bros., and the new partnership continued for 
 sixteen years. This business association was a remarkable one. The ties of 
 brotherhood bound the three brothers together like chains of triple steel. The 
 utmost harmony always prevailed among them. No dissensions ever arose; but 
 they were always kind, generous and forbearing, it being the chief desire of 
 each to promote the comfort and contentment of the others. For many years 
 they were thus delightfully associated; and, although James had withdrawn frbm 
 the partnership some time previously, the business association between the two 
 older brothers was continued until 1870, a period of forty years, when it was 
 only dissolved by the death of John Orr. 
 
 The town which bears their name was laid out by John and William Orr, 
 in the year 1833, and grew with remarkable rapidity into one of the prettiest 
 and busiest towns in Franklin County. This success of the new town was 
 almost solely attributable to the liberality with which its projectors dealt with 
 those who purchased lots and erected buildings. A handsome town now fitly 
 commemorates that liberality. It was the wish of the founders that their vil- 
 lage should be called "Southampton;" and, in their application for a post- 
 office, that name was given to the locality. For some reason the postoffice 
 department disapproved the name, and then Hon. George Chambers, then 
 in Congress, suggested the name of "Orrstown," which was at once adopted 
 by the Postmaster-general. Orrstown was incorporated as a borough in 1847, 
 and William Orr was chosen its first burgess. About this date the "Orrstown 
 Savings Fund " was established, of which William Orr was one of the found, 
 ers. This institution continued in successful operation for a period of eleven 
 years. Later he was largely instrumental in organizing a Masonic lodge in 
 the town, known as " Orrstown Lodge, " which was the second of its kind 
 organized m the county, and of which institution he was long a trusted officer. 
 He was also one of the originators of the project for the erection of the " Town 
 Hall," which was built in 1869, and of which he was one of the largest stock- 
 holders. 
 
 In 1839 William Orr was married to Mary A. Gish. daughter of David 
 Gish, who was a prominent farmer and miller of Southampton Tovmship. 
 ihis event was the beginning of a happy domestic life which embraced almost 
 nalr a century. 
 
 Mr. Orr was always a close student of public affairs, and was thoroughly 
 mformed as to the politics of the country, as he had lived contemporaneously 
 with the great political parties of the time, both in their origin and subsequent 
 existence He was a warm personal friend of James Buchanan, and supported 
 bim for the presidency with zealous efficiency. This regard was gratefully 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBURG. 673 
 
 acknowledged and reciprocated by Mr. Buchanan, and during the public life 
 of that eminent statesman the three Orr brothers received many evidences of 
 his confidence and esteem. Mr. Orr, it may be inferred, was always a most 
 pronounced and unwavering advocate and supporter of the Democratic party, 
 and contributed most liberally of his time and means to its success. A native 
 and sturdy independence rendered him naturally averse to holding office of 
 profit. He was unwilling that any one should deem him his debtor for political 
 support. In his own township, it is true, he accepted offices of trust, and 
 most faithfully and acceptably filled them. But then the township, not Mr. 
 Orr, was the recipient of a political favor. As long as his health permitted he 
 attended and worked at the polls assiduously and ardently, his sole object 
 being the success of the representatives of the principles he deemed most 
 worthy of triumph. 
 
 Physically, Mr. Orr was tall, well-formed, with an elastic step and grace- 
 ful presence. His manner was cordial and winning, and those who met him, 
 even casually, did not fail to esteem him ever afterward. In his later years 
 his quiet dignity, and gentle deportment and kindly interest excited in all who 
 knew him a strong sentiment of affectionate regard. He was a wise counselor 
 and considerate Mend, and those who desired his aid in the multifarious 
 troubles of life were never disappointed in consulting him. He was among 
 the most generous of men, and consequently his impulsive benevolence was 
 often bestowed upon unworthy recipients. This never disturbed his equanim- 
 ity, because he always preferred to help an intriguing knave rather than to 
 run the risk of repelling a proper and worthy applicant for his sympathy and 
 aid. He was a close observer of men and an acute judge of human nature; 
 although he was quick to detect its weaknesses, foibles and deceptions, he 
 was singularly free from censoriousness, and never commented unjustly or 
 even harshly upon the misbehavior of those whose conduct he could only dis- 
 approve. This wonderful liberality was almost unexampled. His disposi- 
 tion was calm and most equable. He fully understood the true philosophy 
 of life, and put the best construction on the motives of his fellows that 
 the circumstances would admit, and never grieved over events which he 
 could not remedy or avert. His presence seemed to infuse good feeling 
 and comfort to all around him, and warmed into sympathetic fellowship 
 all who came within its gentle and calming influence. He was subject 
 to no variable moods, and his friends knew jto-day exactly how they would 
 find him to-morrow. He was a most interesting conversationalist, and his 
 large stock of ideas, derived from reading and a wide experience in the affairs 
 of the world, made him a most delightful companion. He had a fine sense of 
 humor, and his wit was most keen, but gentle. He always looked at the best 
 side of human nature, and when he commented at all upon the conduct of 
 rascals, it was always done without bitterness, and with good-natured and 
 pleasant sarcasm. He preferred to laugh at the trickery and peccadilloes of 
 his fellows rather than punish them. Yet the bold and reckless violator of the 
 law found in him a stern and determined foe. Heaven most highly favors any 
 community in which it places for half a century such a man as William Orr. 
 His infliience and example are beyond all human estimation. 
 
 It is needless to say that Mr. Orr was a most affectionate husband and 
 father. His greatest and most constant desire seemed .always to be to promote 
 the comfort and welfare of his devoted family. He was fond of books and an 
 admirer of the earlier classic poetry. Of poetic writers Burns was his favorite, 
 and he had committed to memory the greater part of the poems of that erratic 
 genius, with apt quotations from which he was accustomed to point his con- 
 
674 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 versation. Only a fortnight before his death, while one of his daughters was 
 reading one of these poems to him, a slight error which she chanced to make 
 was quickly detected and corrected. Through his long life Mr. Orr adhered 
 to Presbyterianism, the faith of his fathers, and was a constant worshiper ' in, 
 the church of his denomination until the infirmities of advancing years 
 deprived him of that privilege. His life was singularly pure and blameless, 
 and in it were fully exemplified all the Christian virtues and graces. As old 
 age stole over him with all its physical weaknesses, his mental and moral 
 nature seemed correspondingly to expand and soften, until he seemed almost 
 the venerable impersonation of charity and love. For several years before his 
 death Mr. Orr had withdrawn from business and spent his whole time with his 
 family and friends. He felt that the end of his long lifejwas approaching, and 
 he calmly awaited its end. On Monday morning, January 31, 1881, he passed 
 away quietly and peacefully, leaving his family and friends, in his spotless 
 character, a legacy beyond all price. 
 
 JOHN G. OEE was bom at Willow Grove Mills, Southampton Township, 
 near Orrstown, in 1839, and during that year his parents made their homes in 
 Orrstown, where he resided until 1865. He received his education in the pub- 
 lic schools of that place, and his business habits and training from his father 
 on the farm, where his earlier years were passed. In 1857 he obtained a posi- 
 tion as general clerk in one of the stores of the village, and in that occupa- 
 tion he continued until 1865, when he removed to Carlisle, Cumberland County, 
 to accept the position of teller in the First National Bank of Carlisle, which he 
 filled until 1878; during a portion of that time he was one of its board of direct- 
 ors; in 1874 he returned to his early home, and in April of the following year 
 engaged in merchandising at that place until 1879, when, under the firm name 
 of John G. & D. A. Orr, he became one of the editors and proprietors of 
 Valley Spirit and removed to Chambersburg. For several years Mr. Orr was 
 a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church at Middle Spring, and has twice 
 represented the presbytery of Carlisle in the General Assembly of the Presby- 
 terian Church. In September, 1885, he was chosen as ruling elder in Fall- 
 ing Spring Presbyterian Church of Chambersburg. He is one of the founders 
 of the children's aid society of Franklin County, of which association he is 
 a director and its recording secretary, and by his active and earnest support 
 has added greatly to its success. On the one side his ancestry are the Scotch- 
 Irish emigrants who first settled Culbertson's Row, and on the other the 
 Germans who early immigrated to Lancaster County. Whatever success he 
 has had m life, Mr. Orr attributes it to the example and training of his par- 
 
 D. A. OEE, one of the editors and owners of the daily and weekly Valley 
 Spirit, published at Chambersburg, Penn., was born at Orrstown, this county, 
 a town founded by his father and brothers, whose name it bears, and was 
 educated at the schools of that borough. He attended a high school at upper 
 btrasburg for one term and later underwent private instruction. Having an 
 early taste for newspaper writing, before he was eighteen years of age he 
 became the associate editor of ih& Sentinel, a Democratic newspaper then pub- 
 lished at Shippensburg, and subsequently removed to Carlisle. From Ship- 
 pensburg he went, after a somewhat protracted trip through the Western States 
 and Temtories, to Pittsburgh, where he resided and wis engaged inactive 
 r^^Z ^*^, .J^^'^^fJ' IS^^; i^ that month he purchased thi Democratic 
 Chronicle at Shippensburg, which paper he sold six months later, and, in October 
 
 ri'S/^^^k^^t^f r^^.^'' ^'■°*^^^' P^^«l^ased and took charge of 
 Valley Spint. Although he has always taken an active interest in politics, Mr. 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBUKG. 675 
 
 Orr has never been a candidate for any public office of profit, and says he 
 "never will be." He is engaged in a number of private enterprises. In 1884 
 he was appointed by Gov. Pattison one of the trustees of the Pennsylvania 
 State Lunatic Asylum at Harrisburg. He was a delegate from the Eighteenth 
 Congressional District to the National Convention in 1884, which nominated 
 Grover Cleveland for the presidency. He is a member of the executive com- 
 mittee and treasurer of the Eevenue Reform Press Association of Pennsylvania. 
 
 GEOEGB PALMER, grocer, Chambersburg, was born in Antrim Town- 
 ship, this county, January 21, 1832; the eldest child of Samuel and Jane 
 (Small) Palmer, the former of whom was also a native of Franklin County, 
 Penn., born in 1805. George Palmer, our subject's grandfather, came to 
 Tranklin County from Berks County, Penn., before the commencement of the 
 century; he was a successful farmer, and died in about 1862. His eldest son, 
 Samuel, also a farmer in early life, settled in Hamilton Township, this county, 
 where he spent his days. He reared to maturity a family of four daughters 
 and two sons, all of whom are now living; he died April 1, 1849. George 
 Palmer, our subject, was educated in the public schools, but in later years im- 
 proved himself by study and application to his books. He was reared on the 
 home farm in Hamilton Township, where he remained until 1854, when, with 
 his mother, he came to Chambersburg, this county. Here he engaged as clerk 
 in a hardware store kept by Samuel Myers, and continued with that house 
 (under various firm names) for a period of thirteen years. In 1868 he returned 
 to Hamilton Township, this county, where he purchased one or more small farms, 
 engaged also in brick making, and lived there for ten years. In 1878 he re- 
 turned to Chambersburg and clerked for a time. In January, 1880, Mr. Palmer 
 commenced the grocery trade in his present location, corner Second and Wash- 
 ington Streets, which he has since continued with much success and promise. 
 Our subject was married in 1857 to Mary Gordon, who bore him ten children, 
 four of whom are now living, one son and three daughters. Mrs. Mary Palmer 
 died January 1, 1880. Mr. Palmer was again married in November, 1880, this 
 time to Martha Wingert. To this union were born two children, one daughter 
 and one son. Mr. Palmer is a member of the Methodist Episcopal, and Mrs. 
 Palmer of the River Brethren Church. Our subject is an active and influential 
 member of the I. O. O. F., which he joined in 1855. He was elected a member 
 of the town council from the South Ward in [1865, his term expiring in 1868. 
 While a resident of Hamilton Township, this county, he was much interested in 
 public education, and was secretary of the school board a part of the time while 
 residing there. 
 
 P. H. PEIFFEE, coachmaker, Chambersburg, was born at that place, 
 December 5, 1836, son of Philip and Madeline (Kobler) Peiffer. His educa- 
 tional advantages were meager, having followed butchering from the age of 
 thirteen years, and when sixteen years old commenced his trade, that of coach- 
 smith, with his father and Speakman Hicks, in the year 1852. Young Peiffer 
 worked as a journeyman one year in York, Penn. , and upon the death of his 
 father, Philip, in 1860, the son, in connection with his mother and Mr. Hicks, 
 continued the business of the old firm for two years, when Mr. Hicks retired 
 and the firm became PeifPer & Foltz. This partnership lasted until the 
 establishment was burned by the rebels in 1864. Mr. Peiffer rebuilt on the 
 same site (corner of South Market and Second Streets), the site of the old jail, 
 and now the home of Judge D. Watson Rowe and Chauncey Ives. Our subject 
 disposed of that property and located just north of the same, on North Second 
 Street, where he is conducting a flourishing business. For the past six years 
 he has carried on the business himself, employing twelve or fifteen hands. 
 
676 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 May 1, 1865, he was married to Katie Savage, and they were the parents of 
 one daughter, Elizabeth, born in 1866 and died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Peiffer are members of the First Lutheran Church. Our subject is a member 
 of the Masonic order, I. O. O. F. and K. of P. ; in politics he is a Democrat. 
 In the spring of 1886 he was elected a member of the town council from 
 the Second Ward of Chambersburg. 
 
 JOHN F. PEIFFER, Chambersburg, son of Philip and Magdalenn 
 (Kobler) PeifFer, was born in Chambersburg, this county, December 21, 1840. 
 He was educated in the public schools of his native place, and when sixteen 
 years old commenced clerking in the store of C. Peiffer, where he remained 
 about one year; also worked upon his father's farm until the spring of 1861, 
 when he enlisted in Company D, Second Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; 
 served three months and then re-enlisted, this time in the Eleventh Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteer Cavalry, and with that regiment was taken prisoner in the 
 vicinity of Blackwater River. He was an inmate of Castle Thunder and Libby 
 Prison for some two weeks, and was then paroled; served out that term of 
 enlistment, and in 1864 re-enlisted as a veteran. He was present at the sur- 
 render of Gen. Lee, serving all through the war, and with his regiment was 
 mustered out at Philadelphia, in August, 1865. Returning to civil life he 
 worked in the coach factory of his brother, P. H. Peiffer, some two years. 
 While a resident of Philadelphia, he was employed as a street car conductor 
 for about four years, but failing health and gradual loss of eyesight compelled 
 him to abandon active business. He then resided in West Virginia for a 
 period of seven or eight years, returning to Chambersburg in 1878. In 1873 
 he totally lost his sight, since which time he has engaged in no active business. 
 He married, March 12, 1867, Annie M. Etchberger, daughter of George P. 
 Etchberger, a former well known resident of Chambersburg. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Peiffer are the parents of two children; an infant (deceased), and Lizzie, born 
 June 24, 1871. Mr. Peiffer is a member of the Lutheran Church. In 1879 
 he entered the institution for the blind- in Philadelphia, where he learned the 
 trade of broom-making during his one year there. He then worked one year 
 for William McKnight, and afterward opened a little broom manufacturing 
 establishment of his own, from which he retired after six months. 
 
 GEORGE F. PLATT, dental surgeon, Chambersburg, was born in Mil- 
 ford, Conn., April 10, 1835, a son of Newton and Anna (Clark) Piatt, both 
 descendants of the original settlers of the town in 1639. He was educated in 
 the public schools, including the high school at Milford, and was reared to 
 farming. He also taught school at home until the age of nineteen, and then 
 engaged in clerking in Salisbury and New Haven, Conn., some four years. In 
 1858 he commenced the study of dentistry in New Haven, Conn., and in the 
 fall of 1858 attended the medical department of Yale College. In 1859 he 
 attended the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, graduating from that 
 institution in the spring of 1860. That same spring he came to Chambersburg 
 and commenced the practice of his profession, interrupted, however, by his 
 enlistment in 1862, in the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teer Infantry. After six months our subject was promoted to first lieutenant and 
 for the last month of his service was acting adjutant. He participated in all 
 the battles of the regiment from Fredericksburg toChancellorsville; served his 
 term of enlistment, and with his regiment was mustered out at Harrisburg, 
 May 20, 1863. He returned to the practice of his profession in Chambers- 
 - lo'c^'^'^^ ^® ^^^ ®''^°® continued with marked success. Dr. Piatt married, 
 in 1863. Miss Mary Montague, of South Hadley, Mass., daughter of Obed and 
 Mary (Newell) Montague, and by her has three sons and one daughter: Edwin 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBEESBURQ. 677 
 
 Montague, George Fisk, Clarence Newton and Mary Newell. The family are 
 members of Palling Spring Presbyterian Church, in which he has been an 
 elder since December, 1861, and superintendent of the Sunday-school since 
 1868. The Doctor was school director from the Fourth Ward from 1877 to 
 1881. He was vice-president of the Odontographic Society of Pennsylvania 
 for one year, from May 6, 1867 ; president of the Franklin Library Association 
 from March, 1879, until now (1887); a director of the Citizens' Building Asso- 
 ciation from September, 1874, to August, 1880; a trustee of Chambersburg 
 Academy from 1880 until now; senior vice-commander of Housum Post, G. A. 
 R., for 1886, and elected commander for 1887. Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 HIRAM J. PLOUGH, attorney at law, Chambersburg, was born in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., September 11, 1855, only son of 
 Peter and Mary (Johns) Plough. He with his parents removed to Orrstown, 
 Franklin County, in 1860, where he received instruction in the public schools 
 until about 1870; then for two terms attended a select school at Upper Stras- 
 burg; then, in the fall of 1872, he entered the State normal school at Millers- 
 ville, where he remained for a period; then pursued a course of study at the 
 then new State normal school, Shippensburg, from which institution he was 
 graduated in 1874. The following winter he taught and took charge of the 
 graded school-in Orrstown. He entered the university located at Syracuse, N. 
 ¥., but his father's failing health called him home in 1876; he also entered 
 LaFayette College, but by reason of the illness of his father he was compelled 
 to abandon a collegiate education. In the spring of 1877 he began the study 
 of law in -the office of Kennedy & Stewart, with whom he read two years, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1879. He at once commenced the practice of his 
 profession, which he has since continued with success. In 1882 Mr. Plough 
 was married to Mary B. , daughter of Judge F. M. Kimmell, and to them were 
 born the following named children: Francis K., born November 19, 1882, and 
 Pauline Thankful, born November 25, 1886. Mrs. Plough is a member of the 
 Episcopal Church, and Mr. Plough is an attendant and vestryman of the 
 same church. He was elected to the office of district attorney, at the election 
 November 2, 1886. 
 
 ALBERT NEVIN POMEROY, editor of the daily and weekly Franklin 
 Repository, Chambersburg, Penn. , was born in the city of Philadelphia, May 
 27, 1859. At an early age he removed with his parents to Pomeroy, Chester 
 Co. , Penn. , a station on the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, forty -two 
 miles west of Philadelphia. Here he received an education in the common 
 schools and at the Parkesburg (Penn.) Academy. In 1874, his father, Maj. 
 John M. Pomeroy, removed to Chambersburg, Penn., where he had purchased 
 the Franklin Repository. The subject of this sketch pursued his studies at 
 Chambersburg Academy until the spring of 1876, when, at the age of seven- 
 teen, he abandoned his studies at the academy to take charge of the Adams 
 Express office in Chambersburg, his father having been appointed agent. 
 This position he filled until 1878, when he entered the Repository office as re- 
 porter. In 1878 he was made local editor. In May, 1883, he and his brother, 
 John H. Pomeroy, were taken into partnership with their father, and the firm 
 was known as John M. Pomeroy & Sons. In December, 1884, John H. 
 Pomeroy and A. Nevin Pomeroy purchased the interest of their father, and have 
 since conducted the business under firm name Pomeroy Bros. Under 
 their direction the daily Repository was permanently established in January, 
 1884, and it, with the weekly (nearly a hundred years old) is enjoying a large 
 patronage. Our subject married. May 26, 1885, Miss E. Belle McLellan, 
 youngest daughter of the late William McLellan, Esq., of Chambersburg. Mr. 
 
678 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and Mrs. Pomeroy attend the services of Falling Spring Presbyterian Church. 
 In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 SAMUEL A. RADEBAUGrH was one of the earliest settlers of Franklin 
 County, a merchant by occupation. He married Catharine Croft, and raised 
 to maturity three children: John, Mary and Samuel. He died April 22, 1817, 
 in his fiftieth year; his widow, Catharine, died December 10, 1845, in her 
 ninety- second year. John Eadebaugh, his son, succeeded his father in the 
 mercantile business; was also a farmer, kept and owned the "Indian Queen" 
 Hotel for a number of years, afterward moved to his Washington Street resi- 
 dence and continued farming until his death. He was for many years a mem- 
 ber of the Lutheran Church; in politics he was a Democrat. He was mar- 
 ried to Margret Bonebrake, by whom was born one son, Samuel, the young 
 mother dying soon after. In due time Mr. Eadebaugh (in 1819) married 
 Catharine Myers, by whom were born nine children, five of whom were raised 
 to maturity, viz. : Mary, John, Catharine, Anna and Bernard. He was bom 
 in 1790, and died in 1848, in his fifty-eighth year; his widow died in 1875. 
 Mary Eadebaugh (daughter of Samuel E., Sr.) was married to Charles Hutz, 
 of ChambersbuTg, who was a prominent member of the Lutheran Church for 
 many years; by occupation a merchant. Samuel Eadebaugh was married to 
 Caroline Tritle, but had no issue. By proper financiering he accumulated con- 
 siderable wealth, which afforded ample means, yet he was never engaged in 
 any active business. Politically he was a Whig. He was born October 13, 
 1794, died February 17, 1862. The Eadebaughs emigrated from Germany 
 to Pennsylvania, and located in Lancaster County ; of this family Samuel A. 
 and Jacob came to Chambersburg. Jacob soon after moved to Bedford, Penn. , 
 Samuel remaining in Chambersburg, and all the Eadebaughs who were citizens 
 of Franklin County were descendants of his. 
 
 WILLIAM M. EEED, retired farmer, Chambersburg, was bom in Gml- 
 ford Township, Franklin Co., Penn., May 10, 1812, son of Michael and 
 Catherine (Keyser) Eeed. Michael Eeed was a native of Berks County, Penn., 
 bom 1780, and about 1804 he came to Franklin County, locating first on a 
 farm in Antrim Township, and, about 1806, settling on land in Guilford Town- 
 ship, on which he passed his life. He reared to maturity a family of eleven 
 children, six of whom are living — five sons and one daughter— and died in 1852. 
 William M. Reed was brought up on a farm, receiving an ordinary common- 
 school education, remaining at home until twenty-six years of age. In 1837 
 he was married to Mary, daughter of Solomon Miller, an early settler and resi- 
 dent of Guilford Township, and soon after that event he located on the home 
 place of his father-in-law and conducted the farm for six years. About 1845 
 he purchased what was then known as the "Adam Gift farm," in Guilford 
 Township, a place of 100 acres with fine improvements, which he still owns and 
 upon which he resided until about 1867, when he removed to Fayetteville. 
 Here he lived some ten years, engaged in conducting another small farm which 
 he then owned. In the spring of 1877 Mr. Eeed became a resident of 
 Chambersburg, where he has since lived a retired life, occupying a handsome 
 and commodious residence on Queen Street. To Mr. and Mrs. Eeed were bom 
 three children, two of whom are living: Chariotte S., now the wife of Daniel 
 Herman, of Chambersburg, and A. E., wife of George Feterhoff, of Chambers- 
 burg. Our subject is a member of the United Brethren Church. He never 
 aspired to pubhc office, yet has served the people of Guilford Township in the 
 capacity of treasurer and as school director. He is one of the substantial 
 citizens of Franklin County. 
 
 ELIHU D. EEID (deceased) was born in Adams County, Penn., January 
 
BOEOUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 679 
 
 9, 1807. His education was acquired in the common schools, and when quite 
 young he entered a store as clerk, but embarked in the dry goods business for 
 himself at Shippensburg, Penn., early in life. About 1830 he came to Cham- 
 bersburg, this county, and formed the dry goods firm of McCly & Eeid, which 
 partnership existed two years; then Mr. Reid conducted the business alone 
 until about 1868, and had a successful and extensive trade. He then went to 
 California and resided in Sacramento for three years During the late war of 
 the Eebellion our subject enlisted, in 1861, and was elected captain of the com- 
 missary department of the Twelfth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves. He 
 served three years and participated in the battles in which his regiment took 
 part. Returning to civil life he engaged in the grocery trade, in which he 
 continued up to within a few years of his death, which took place January 9, 
 1880. Mr. Reid married, in 1834, Elizabeth A., daughter of Dr. S. D. Cul'- 
 bertson, and of six children born to this union two are living: Helen M., wife 
 of Hon. "W. S. Stenger, and Annie, wife of Dr. B. Bowman. In politics our 
 subject was a Republican. 
 
 GEORGE W. RICE, finisher, Chambersburg, was born in Antripi Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co., Penn., April 10, 1821, and is a son of John and Rebecca 
 (Crow) Rice. He received his education at such schools as the neighborhood 
 afforded, and in 1832, his father having purchased a farm, our subject worked 
 on it for three years. In 1835 he commenced a three years' apprenticeship at 
 the trade of manufacturing woolens at Bridgeport, this county, and in May, 
 1838, returned to Chambersburg, where he worked at his trade in a woolen- 
 mill in the vicinity. During 1841-42 he was a resident of Virginia, where he 
 also worked at his trade; returned again to Chambersburg, where he worked at 
 his former place until the spring of 1845. In 1846 he commenced railroading, 
 running individual freight cars to Philadelphia and Baltimore, until 1861; then 
 entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company as freight con- 
 ductor, which he continued until 1866; then engaged in the saloon business, car- 
 rying on the same successfully until 1875. In 1876 he entered the employ of 
 the Chambersburg "Woolen Company as a finisher, his present occupation. Mr. 
 Rice married in February, 1844, Eliza McKee, who has borne him one son 
 and one daughter, viz. : Samuel J. , born May 19, 1850, a weaver by trade and 
 now employed by the Chambersburg Woolen Company, and Mary J. , residing 
 with her parents. 
 
 SAMUEL ROSENBERGER, tanner, Chambersburg, was born in Shen- 
 andoah County, Virginia, February 4, 1839, a son of Henry and Lydia (Funk- 
 houser) Rosenberger. He was brought up on a farm and received the school- 
 ing generally given to farmers' boys. He remained at home until the retreat 
 of Gen. Banks down the Shenandoah Valley, when on account of his union 
 sentiments he was obliged to flee North, having previously been drafted into 
 the rebel army from which he deserted, and after traveling through the moun- 
 tains a day, that night the house where he stayed was surrounded by twelve 
 rebel cavalrymen, and he came very near being captured by them. Through 
 a friend of his, however, he made his escape from there, and traveling the 
 next day and night through the mountains he reached home, where he found 
 his parents, and "on the 13th day of April, 1862, he voluntarily subscribed to 
 and took the oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States, and 
 as a legal citizen is entitled to the protection of his person and property. By 
 order of Charles Caudy, Col. 66th Reg. O. V. I. , Provost Marshal, Provost 
 Office, Strasburg, Va." In May, 1862, he came to Franklin County, Penn., 
 where he was occupied in farming. February 5, 1863, he was married to 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Myers, and the same year he moved to Carroll 
 
680 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 CoTinty, Ind. , where he engaged in farming. He remained in Indiana five 
 years, and there owned a farm, but failing health compelled him to leave that 
 State. He for a time resided in Meohanicsbiorg, Cumberland Co., Penn., 
 where he was in partnership with D. F. Stager, conducting a tannery. Sub- 
 sequently he purchased his partner's interest in the tannery, which he carried 
 on by himself until coming to Chambersburg in April, 1884. He then pur- 
 chased the Jacob Shafer property on North Second Street, and converted it 
 into a tannery, which he has since conducted. He deals in hides, leather and 
 shoe findings, and is doing a successful business. Mr. and Mrs. Eosenberger 
 were the parents of two daughters: Margaret Anna, who died in February, 1882, 
 in her eighteenth year, and Lydia C. , born April 18, 1868, now residing with 
 her parents. All are members of the Brethren in Christ, commonly called the 
 River Brethren. In politics Mr. Eosenberger is a Eepublican. 
 
 PETBE EOSMAN, Chambersburg, was bom in Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- 
 many, January 20, 1841, and is the eldest child of Henry and Elizabeth (Myer) 
 Eosman. He attended the schools of his native country but a short time, 
 when he emigrated, in 1851, with his parents to America, coming direct to 
 Franklin County, and locating in Greene Township, where he worked on a 
 farm for some five years, in the meantime attending school for two winters. 
 He then began a,n apprenticeship at the trade of wagon-making, in Chambers- 
 burg, at which he continued until he enlisted in the Twenty-first Pennsylvania 
 Cavalry. He served out his term and in 1865 re-enlisted, this time in the 
 Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and participated with that regiment in all its 
 battles. His horse was shot from under him twice ; he was slightly wounded 
 near Petersburg, and was taken prisoner two days before the surrender of Gen. 
 Lee, after which event he was released; returned to his regiment and served 
 until the close of the war, receiving his discharge at Lynchburg, Va. On his 
 return to Chambersburg he resumed his former occupa;tion of wagon-making 
 with John Brahn, with whom he continued until 1869, when he entered the 
 employ of the Cumberland Valley Eailroad Company, with whom he has since 
 continued (employed in the car shops). Mr. Eosman married, April 23, 1868, 
 Barbara Hehl, born December 3, 1841, daughter of Emanuel Hehl, a former 
 resident of Chambersburg, and to this union three children have been born: 
 William, born February 23, 1871; George W., born February 27, 1875, and 
 Daniel, born September 26, 1885. Mrs. Eosman is a member of the United 
 Brethren Church. Mr. Eosman is a prosperous citizen and occupies the hand- 
 some residence which he buUt in 1876. 
 
 DAVID WATSON EOWE, lawyer and soldier, was born November 12, 1836, 
 in Greencastle, Franklin Co., Penn. His father, John Eowe, was surveyor- 
 general of the State, and his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth 
 Prather, was a granddaughter of James Watson, a soldier of the Eevolution- 
 ary war, colonel of the second battalion of Lancaster County, by commission, 
 dated July 1, 1777. On both sides his people were early settlers in the vicin- 
 ity of Greencastle. Three brothers, Prather, from England, Episcopalians, 
 and one at least a clergyman, settled at Eockville, Md. The name spread into 
 Virginia and Pennsylvania. Henry Prather came and took up his abode two 
 mles south of Greencastle, long before the foundation of the town. The 
 Watson family came to Greencastle about the close of the Eevolutionary war, 
 and Col. Watson was the first postmaster there; they were Presbyterians, as 
 were ttie Wises, who go back to that McKinnie who was killed by the Indians 
 a^HoUywell paper-mill, in 1756. Mary Wise married John Rowe, an Irish 
 (^angeman of County Westmeath, who came here in 1804. The subject of 
 this sketch, prepared in the public and classical schools of his native town, was 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEBSBUHG. 681 
 
 Bent, when still under fifteen years of age to Marshall College, Mercersburg, a 
 quiet, beautifully situated mountain town, with Mount Parnell, a lofty leader of 
 the Kittanning Hills on the one hand, and on the other Casey's Knob, "whose 
 Bunbright summit mingles with the sky," between them the Tusoaro'ra range, 
 an ideal place for study and the cultivation of the humanities. Leaving col- 
 lege he entered upon the study of law with William McLellan, Esq., of Cham- 
 bersburg, and on the 15th of August, 1857, was admitted to the bar ; on com- 
 ing of age he began the practice of his profession. He had been thus peace- 
 fully, and with a fair clientage, engaged for three years, when the war of the 
 EebeUion broke out. As he stood one Sunday in a group on the public square 
 of Chambersburg, he heard the news and seemed to hear the guns of Sum- 
 ter. He responded to the first call for troops, hurried to Greencastle and 
 encouraged enlistment; joined Company C, Second Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Infantry, as a private, and on the 18th of April, 1861, left for the 
 front. A week later he was made sergeant-major of the regiment, and a few 
 weeks afterward was commissioned first lieutenant of Company C. His regiment 
 formed part of Gen. Patterson's column operating against Johnston in the 
 valley of Virginia. In July, 1861, at the expiration of his term of service, 
 he returned to Greencastle and remained there, rather awaiting events, than 
 practicing law. When the disasters on the peninsula rendered necessary, in 
 July, 1862, an urgent call for volunteers, he began to recruit a company at 
 Greencastle; the full quota of 101 men was filled by the 5th of Augusi; on 
 the evening of that day he was married to Miss Annie Fletcher, and next 
 morning started to Harrisburg with his company, composed for the most part 
 of the young men of Antrim Township, the very flower and pride of the com- 
 munity. His company was attached, as Company K, to the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-Sixth Regilnent, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, of which he was 
 commissioned lieut. -colonel, being twenty-five years old. This regiment 
 was part of Tyler's brigade of Humphrey's division, Fifth Army Corps; he 
 was never absent from his regiment a day, but was with it in all its marches, 
 reconnoissances and battles. While the second battle of Bull Run was in prog- 
 ress, his regiment was lying at Cloud's Mill, near Alexandria, and Lieut. -Col. 
 Eowe was ordered to proceed with six companies and a section of artillery 
 to Bull Run Ridge and hold it, but it was destroyed before his command was 
 able to start. At Antietam, Humphrey's division was in service with the rest 
 of Porter's corps. At Fredericksburg, in the series of charges on Marye's 
 Heights, Humphrey's division, which made the last charge, covered itself with 
 honor. Gen. Hooker declares that "no campaign in the world ever saw a 
 more gallant advance than Humphrey's men made there." Col. Elder of the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth, received a serious wound (fracture of the 
 thigh), was carried from the field, and Lieut. -Col. Rowe assumed command of 
 the regiment, which he retained thenceforth, until the regiment was mustered 
 out of service. Gen. Tyler, in his report, speaks in praise of his efforts and 
 officer-like conduct on this bloody field. He led his regiment into action at 
 ChancellorsviUe on Sunday, May 3, 1863; of his conduct here. Gen. Tyler 
 says: "Cal. Rowe exhibited the true characteristics of a soldier, brave, cool 
 and determined, and his spirit was infused into every officer and soldier of his 
 command" His regiment was mustered out at Harrisburg on the 20th of 
 May, 1863; he. resumed the practice of law, and on March 18, 1868, at the 
 age of thirty-one, was appointed by Gov. Geary, additional law judge of the 
 Sixteenth Judicial District, composed of the counties of Franklin, Fulton, 
 Bedford and Somerset, of which Hon. A. King was president judge, and at 
 the ensuing general election was chosen to fill the office for the term of ten 
 
682 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 years. In 1874, upon the division of the district, pursuant to the provisions of the 
 new constitution, he became president judge of the Thirty-Ninth Judicial Dis- 
 trict, composed of the county of Franklin, to which the county of Fulton was 
 attached. In 1878 he was re-elected for another term of ten years, but in 
 1883 Fulton County was detached from this district, leaving Judge Eowe 
 with Franklin only. Politically he is a Bepublican, having cast his first presi- 
 dential vote for Abraham Lincoln; he has not sought political preferment. To 
 aid the erection of a soldiers' monument he wrote and published a sketch of 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. He 
 also laid before the constitutional convention a draft of a constitution. In 
 1876, at the Centennial celebration at Chambersburg, Judge Kowe delivered 
 the oration. 
 
 JUDGE HENEY RUBY, retired editor and merchant, of Chambersburg, 
 was born in Stoystown, Somerset Co., Penn., April 8, 1804, eldest son of 
 Casper and Sarah (Peisel) Kuby. He attended the schools of that day and was 
 thrown upon his own resources at an early age. He came to Chambersbiu'g 
 in 1814, and at once commenced an apprenticeship with F. W. Schophflin, his 
 uncle, who then published a German paper. His printing office, the Judge 
 thinks, was the best school for acquiring knowledge he ever attended. He 
 worked as journeyman for about one year, and in 1824 or 1825 took charge 
 of the office. Upon the death of his uncle, soon after the latter part of 
 1825, he became proprietor of and conducted the office and paper for about 
 four years. In 1831 he started the Franklin Telegraph, out of whiph grew 
 the Valley Spirit, of to-day. Mr. Kuby continued as editor and publisher of 
 the Telegraph some four years, when he became superintendent of the German 
 Reformed Messenger printing establishment, and as such remained until the 
 fall of 1839 (some two years). He was then appointed by Gov. Porter regis- 
 ter and recorder of Franklin County, and was elected to the same office at 
 the first election held after the ratification of the new constitution. In 1847 
 he received the appointment as associate judge, which office he held for a time, 
 and then resigned. In 1851 he removed to Orrstown, where he engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits, and in 1853 was appointed postmaster of the place. In 
 1856 he removed to Shippensburg, where for twenty-one years be was engaged 
 in the grain and forwarding business, which was extensively and profitably 
 carried on. In 1874 he returned to Chambersburg, where he has since led a 
 retired life. Judge Ruby was married in 1826 to Rebecca, daughter of Dr. 
 Abraham Senseney, one of the pioneer physicians of Chambersburg. To our 
 subject and wife were born two daughters and two sons, the second of whom, 
 C. B. Ruby, a graduate of Jeilerson Medical College, died in 1881. The 
 eldest child, Anna Mary, is the vrife of J. M. Wolf kill, of Chambersburg; the 
 third child, Elouisa (widow of R. J. Lawton), resides in Shippensburg. The 
 youngest, Henry R. , is an employe in the Cumberland Valley Railroad shops. 
 Mrs. Ruby died October 7, 1885. Judge Ruby has been a member of tiie 
 German Reformed Church since about 1840, and of the Masonic order since 
 1825. He is an esteemed citizen; in politics a Democrat. 
 
 REV. J. G. SCHAFF'S SONS, publishers of the Peopfe's iJegister (daily and 
 weekly), Chambersburg, is a firm composed of Motte L. and B. Harris Schaff. 
 Motte L. was bom in Adams County, Penn., April 28, 1865, and removed to 
 Greencastle with his parents in 1868 and to Chambersburg in 1869. He was 
 educated in the public schools and afterward entered the office of his father in 
 1878, where he learned the trade of printer. He was foreman of the office 
 until the death of his father, which occurred September 21, 1881. Since then, 
 in connection with his brother, B. Harris, and sister, Thesta B., he has con- 
 
BOROUGH OF OHAMBEKSBURG. 683 
 
 ducted the papers with much success. April 1, 1885, Miss SchafiP retired from 
 the duties of the office. The career of B. Harris is similar to that of his 
 brother. He was educated like him and also entered his father's office at an 
 early age and learned the trade of printer. Neither of the brothers are mar- 
 ried and both reside with their mother. The family are not members of any 
 church but hold the Life views, as taught in the Old and New Testaments 
 believing there is Life only in Christ. Persons holding these views are com- 
 monly called "Life Believers." 
 
 J. G. SCHEIBLE, ice dealer, Chambersburg, was born in Philadelphia 
 Penn. , April 14, 1813, eldest child of John Martin and Catharine (Geyer) 
 Scheible. John M. Scheible, born about 1776, was a native of Germany, and 
 emigrating to America soon after the commencement of the century, came 
 with his wife and two children to Chambersburg in 1816, where he engaged 
 in butchering till stricken down with paralysis in 1821, which terminated his 
 life in 1847. He reared to maturity a family of three children, of whom J. 
 G. is the sole survivor. Our subject received a fair education in the public 
 schools, and, when fourteen years of age, commenced an apprenticeship which 
 lasted seven years, at the trade of tailor in Philadelphia. He then returned to 
 Chambersburg, and in 1834 embarked in mercantile business, which he con- 
 ducted for sonie five years. In 1840 he took up tailoring and conducted a 
 clothing establishment until 1862, when he carried on farming in St. Thomas 
 Township, this county, for two years. In 1865 he went to Indiana, where he 
 purchased a farm and lived seven years. He returned to Chambersburg, Penn. , 
 in 1872, purchased a brickyard and conducted the same successfully, doing 
 an extensive business, for seven years. In 1879 he commenced the ice indus- 
 try which he still continues; has been very successful and puts up about 1,500 
 tons of iciB a year. Mr. Scheible was married. May 1, 1833, to Eliza C. Good- 
 win, born in Trenton, N. J., May 20, 1817. To this union were born thirteen 
 children, eight of whom are living — four sons and four daughters. They are 
 members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Scheible has been a member of the 
 Masonic order for thirty years, and of the I. O. O. F. for thirty-five years. In 
 politics he is a Democrat. He was appointed justice of the peace by Gov. 
 Porter some forty years ago, and served then four years. While a resident of 
 Indiana he filled the same position for four years. Early in life he was cap- 
 tain of a militia company. 
 
 JACOB T. SCHLICHTER, retired farmer, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Franklin County, Penn., April 20, 1813, only son of Thomas and Susan 
 (Thrush) Schlichter. Thomas Schlichter was also a native of Franklin County, 
 his father, Duval Schlichter, being a pioneer of same. Thomas Schlichter 
 reared a family of two children: Jacob T. and Rebecca; the latter, the wife 
 of Peter C. Holler, died in Kansas in 1885. Thomas Schlichter was a tailor by 
 trade and carried on that business in Upper Strasburg for many years. His 
 death occurred many years ago. Jacob T. was educated in the public schools, 
 and learned the tailor' s trade under his father and worked at it until eighteen 
 years of age, when he commenced an apprenticeship to the trade of miller. 
 About 1835 he rented the Felty Mill at Upper Strasburg, and conducted it 
 for three years; then conducted the Bigler Mill, located in the same town, 
 one year. After carrying on the miller's business for four years he purchased 
 a farm in Lurgan Township, upon which he lived for eleven years ; then went 
 to St. Thomas Township, where he worked in a tannery one year, and for one 
 year farmed in the same township. From this locality he removed to Letter- 
 kenny Township, where he engaged in farming, renting a farm on which he 
 lived two years ; later he purchased the same farm (which he now owns) com- 
 
gg4. BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 nriBine 150 acres of good land. Here he resided until coming to Chambers- 
 burg in the spring of 1885. April 9, 1834, he was married to Mary Mowers, 
 and to this union were born five children, three of whom survive: Rev. Hiram 
 A a minister of the United Brethren Church, residing in Chambersburg; 
 Simon T residing in Kansas, and George W. a resident of St. Thomas Town- 
 ship Mrs. Schlichter died March 8, 1882, and May 3, 1883, Mr. Schlichter 
 married Mary, daughter of John Byers, a former resident of Fayetteville. 
 Our subject is a member of the Lutheran Church; his wife of the United 
 Brethren Church. He has held various township offices and discharged their 
 duties to the satisfaction of all concerned. In addition to his farm, which is 
 well improved, Mr. Schlichter owns valuable property on West King Street, in 
 Chambersburg, on which he resides. 
 
 REV. HIRAM A. SCHLICHTER, a United Brethren minister, was born in 
 Letterkenny Township, near Upper Strasburg, Franklin Co., Penn., Decem- 
 ber 18, 1838. He is the eldest son of Jacob T. and Mary (Mower) Schlichter. 
 In early life his opportunities for obtaining a thorough education were some- 
 what limited, being required to work a good part of the time on the farm. He 
 attended the common schools of Letterkenny; then took a course at the acad- 
 emy at Spring Run, Path Valley. In the faU of 1857 he was licensed to ex- 
 hort at a quarterly conference held at Crider's Church, Franklin County, Rev. 
 J. Erb presiding elder. In the fall of 1859 he was licensed to preach, at a 
 quarterly conference held at Young's Church, Cumberland County, Penn. In 
 January, 1861, he was received into the annual conference, at a session held in 
 Chambersburg. He entered the active ministry in 1859, and served various 
 charges in Franklin, Cumberland, Perry, Adams and York Counties, Penn. 
 and in Baltimore City, Md. At an annual conference held in the city of Har- 
 risburg in February, 1886, he was chosen one of the presiding elders, and ap- 
 pointed to the Chambers District. His ministry has been quite successful. 
 In August, 1862, he volunteered as a member of Company H, One Hundred 
 and Thirty-third Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry (nine months) and was at 
 once chosen second lieutenant. He participated in the battles of Fredericks- 
 burg and Chancellorsville, served out his term of enlistment, and was mustered 
 out of service at Harrisburg. November 14, 1862, he was married to Miss 
 Barbara E. Strock, and to them were born six children: Wm. Otterbein, Ja- 
 cob A., Edith Romaine, Sedonia Estelle, Vara Zenobia and Norman C. In 
 politics Mr. Schlichter has always been a Republican. 
 
 DR. ABRAHAM H. SENSENY comes from a stock of noted physicians. 
 His grandfather, Abraham Senseny, came to Chambersburg from New Holland, 
 Lancaster County, in 1781, and practiced in the former place until his death, 
 February, 1844, at the age of eighty-three years. For a period of two years 
 he was the only physician in the place. He was highly esteemed in the com- 
 munity for his ability and exemplary character. He was a member of the sect 
 of Baptists called Menuonites, who are descended from the pure Waldenses, 
 and, according to the learned writer. Rev. J. J. Dermont, chaplain to the King 
 of the Netherlands, ' ' may be considered the only Christian society which has 
 stood since the Apostles, and as a society which has preserved pure the doctrines 
 of the Gospel through all the ages." They maintain that practical piety is the 
 essence of pure religion. Dr. Abraham Senseny' s wife was a daughter of 
 Frederick Huber, of Paltz, Germany, who volunteered his services to his 
 adopted country in the war of the Revolution, and died in a hospital at Phila- 
 delphia. His wife, who visited him on his death bed, took the same fever 
 which carried off her husband, and died also. Dr. Abraham Senseny' s educa- 
 
BOEOUGH OF OHAMBERSBUBG. 685 
 
 tion was priacipally in German and Latin, having atudied medicine with his 
 uncle in Philadelphia, who was graduated in the old country, which was the 
 mode of admission to the fraternity of physicians at that early day, about 125 
 years ago. Jeremiah Senseny, son of Abraham, commenced practice in 1809, 
 and continued until his death in 1863, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. 
 He enjoyed a fine reputation and did a larger business than any of his cotem- 
 poraries. He married Catherine, daughter of Abraham Huber, of Bridgeport, 
 this county, proprietor of all the land in the vicinity of the place. Dr. J.' 
 Senseny was a volunteer in the war of 1812, and was made surgeon-in-chief at 
 Meadville, Penn., but was obliged to resign on account of ill health. He 
 returned home, and in- 1814 re-enlisted and went to Baltimore in the company 
 of Capt. Finley. Dr. Abraham H. Senseny (son of Dr. Jeremiah), of whom 
 we now write, was graduated in medicine at Jefferson College in 1835, and 
 began the active practice of his profession in the same year. He inherited an 
 extensive business, which his splendid abilities increased and retained, until 
 his death, July 17, 1879, at the age of sixty-seven years. We have no doubt 
 that he had a larger and more varied experience than any physician who ever 
 practiced in his neighborhood. For forty-eight years he labored, almost with- 
 out relaxation, practicing all the branches of his profession, adding luster io 
 the family name, which for more than 100 years was renowned in Franklin 
 County. Every community has its ' ' men of mark. ' ' For causes connected with 
 their character, conduct and circumstances, they fill a place in public view and 
 stand high in public estimation. Dr. Senseny was such a one. From the 
 public prints at the time of his death we gather testimonials as to his worth as 
 a citizen,, a man of integrity, and to his unquestioned moral qualities, and by 
 his strict observance of professional ethics he won the respect of all his pro- 
 fessional brethren. He earned his rank as a sijfgeon and an unrivaled gen- 
 eral practitioner by his severe habits of study and great fondness for general 
 reading. His inherited judgment in the diagnosis of disease was very re- 
 markable. The peculiar characteristics of Dr. Senseny were quickness of per- 
 ception, promptness of action and unwearying energy. With intuition he per- 
 ceived the nature of a case and with great rapidity brought his resources to 
 bear upon it. " Dr. Senseny had much in his character which was strong and 
 positive. He was a man of deep convictions. He abhorred pretense, if any man 
 did. He did nothing by halves or in any way of indirection. He had a large, 
 warm heart. He was forceful and brave and earnest. " During the season of 
 epidemic cholera in Chambersburg, in 1852, Dr. Senseny had the most trying 
 experiences. His endurance and persevering attention to patients was most 
 wonderful, many of whom could never pay him a dollar, and others, who pro- 
 bably paid him such a pittance as no man of intelligent medical attainments 
 could tolerate, without the sense of the supreme need of his services and with- 
 out a portion of the grand instinct which prompted the utterance, " Love thy 
 neighbor as thyself . " He was known often during these trying months, Au- 
 gust and September, 1852, to return home after working with prostrate and 
 worthy working-men till a late hour of the night, exhausted and spiritless, 
 with hardly more strength than to call out as he threw himself on his bed, 
 "give me some laudanum and lavender, this is killing me." Emphatically he 
 lived for the good of others, and " it is not in great deeds of philanthrophy 
 •that the only blessing is found;" in his little deeds of kindness repeated every 
 day he found his true happiness. Other reward he hoped for elsewhere. His 
 last thoughts are found in a scrap of poetry, which he had kept for some time 
 and was with him in his last moments: 
 
686 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Lord, who art merciful as well as just, 
 Incline thine ear to me a child of dust! 
 Not what I would, O Lord, I ofEer Thee, 
 Alas! but what I can. 
 Father Almighty, who hast made me man. 
 And bade me to look to heaven, for Thou art there. 
 Accept my sacrifice and humble prayer. 
 
 Four things which are not in Thy treasury 
 I lay before Thee, Lord, with this petition: 
 
 My nothingness, my wants. 
 My sins and my contrition. 
 
 — Persian. 
 
 Dr. A. H. Senseny was married January 16, 1838, to MisB Jane K. Davis, 
 daughter of William S. Davis, Esq. , whose parents and grandparents were 
 settled in Franklin County in the vicinity of Eocky Spring, and belonged to 
 the sturdy stock of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, who were the pioneers in the 
 last century. Of this union eight children were born — five sons and three 
 daughters. The eldest, William D. Senseny, M. D., a youth of great prom- 
 ise, after completing his course was seized with a fatal illness from too severe 
 application to his studies and died May 17, 1861, aged twenty-two years. A 
 commission was given him just before his sickness to enter the "Union Army as 
 surgeon. Dr. Benjamin Bush Senseny, after receiving a classical education, 
 read medicine vnth his father. He could not regard with apathy and indiffer- 
 ence the gigantic rebellion that was threatening the life of the Republic, and, 
 although not quite twenty years old, he presented himself before a board of 
 army surgeons in Philadelphia in 1863, and having passed a satisfactory ex- 
 amination, was accepted and ordered to Cherry Hill Hospital, Philadelphia, 
 where he remained a short time, when he was transferred to Jefferson Barracks, 
 Missouri. In the spring of 1863 he was assigned to a hospital in the city of 
 St. Louis. During his residence there he attended lectures at Pope's Medical 
 College, and received his diploma from that institution in 1864. After his 
 graduation he was transferred to a hospital in Chambersburg, at which post 
 he remained until the end of the war. In 1865 he married Miss Rosalie J. 
 Murdoch, of St. Louis, by whom he had one child, Jeannette. Dr.. Rush 
 Senseny was endowed with a brilliant mind, which was polished by extensive 
 reading, by travel and by close and intelligent observation of men and affairs. 
 This made him a forcible and perspicuous writer, not only in his profession, 
 but also on subjects of public interest and concern. He died, after a long ill- 
 ness, March 28, 1880, aged thirty-seven years. His widow and daughter sur- 
 vive him. Dr. Edgar Senseny, "the last of his line," was a man of rare 
 ability iu his profession, "courtly and talented, the very ideal of manly strength 
 and beauty," was graduated with high honor from Jefferson College, Philadel- 
 phia, in 1870. Returning at once and sharing his father's large practice, his 
 strength was taxed too much, and the seeds of the disease which cost him his 
 life were sown. He died October 2, 1884, beloved and lamented. Alexander 
 H. Senseny, second son of Dr. A. H. and Jane K. Senseny, was a young man 
 of rare virtues, of good mathematical attainments, fond of his pen, and, as a 
 vrriter, known in his church papers and in the Democratic columns of his own 
 town journals. An organic affection of the heart made him a life-long sufferer, 
 and after twenty-six years of patient endurance and resignation he died July 
 17, 1866. Of the remaining children two died in childhood. Kate S., the eld- 
 est daughter, married William M. McKnight, of Pittsburgh, and with their 
 family reside in Chambersburg. Alice S. married John D. Grier, living 
 also in Chambersburg. They are, with their mother, the only survivors. 
 
 JACOB SHAFFER, car builder, Chambersburg, was bom in Hessen- 
 
BOBOUGH OF OHAMBEESBURG. 687 
 
 Darmstadt, Germany, November 22, 1819, eldest son of Jacob and Catharine 
 (Groesskup) Shaffer. He received a portion of his education in his native 
 land, where he remained till 1831, when he came with his parents to America 
 and direct to Chambersburg, Penn. His father, Jacob Shaffer, Sr., a carpenter 
 by trade and a successful business man, worked as journeyman for some years, 
 then engaged in contracting, and built a portion of the Cumberland Valley 
 Eailroad. He reared to maturity two sons (of whom Jacob survives) and died 
 in 1858. an active member of the Lutheran Church. Our subject com- 
 pleted his education in the public schools of Chambersburg, and in 1835 com- 
 menced an apprenticeship with Samuel Seebert, at the trade of carpenter. In 
 the spring of 1838 he entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley Eailroad, 
 working in the car shops. In 1850 he was appointed foreman of the car shop, 
 and held that position until the fall of 1866, when he again entered the em- 
 ploy of Samuel Seebert, and assisted in building the court-house and the resi- 
 dence of Thomas B. Kennedy, as well as other edifices, continuing thus em- 
 ployed for two years. In 1868 he re-entered the employ of the Cumberland 
 Valley Eailroad Company, with whom he has since remained. Mr. Schaffer 
 was married in 1840 to Catharine Gimmell, who was born in Neuenburg, 
 Bavaria, November 26, 1817, and to this union were born ten children, seven 
 of whom are living — two sons and five daughters: Jacob W., Catharine, Ma- 
 tilda, Julia Ann, Annia, Lizzie and Predrich G. Mrs. Shaffer died Febru- 
 ary 21, 1885. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Shaffer 
 has been a member of the I. O. O. F. since 1852. In politics he is a full Ee 
 publican. He was a member of the town council in 1862-63. 
 
 EPHEAIM S. SHANK, hotel proprietor, Chambersburg, was born in An- 
 trim Township, Franklin Co., Penn., January 30, 1830, son of John and 
 Catherine (Boyer) Shank. His boyhood was spent in the home of his parents, 
 where he had the usual advantages offered by the common schools of the town- 
 ship in which he resided, and assisted his father in the duties pertaining to 
 farm life until his marriage, November 27, 1851, with Miss Sabina A. Kreps, who 
 was born in Greencastle, Penn. , April 30, 1832. After marriage Mr. Shank 
 made a business of butchering until the breaking out of the civil war, when 
 he enlisted as a private in Capt. Kurtz's company, in the Seventeenth Penn- 
 sylvania, Cavalry. He was afterward appointed quartermaster-sergeant, a posi- 
 tion he held until the close of the war. After his return Mr. Shank opened a 
 hotel at Funkstown, Penn. , where he remained four years. He then sold out 
 and removed to Chambersburg, where he rented for -eighteen months the 
 " Montgomery House," and purchased the " Washington House," a well known 
 hotel, conducting a very successful business until his death, November 6, 1883. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Shank were the parents of eight children, three dying in infancy: 
 Katie B., married toEzekiel Foreman; W. H. ; Araminta, married; Theodore, 
 deceased; George W. and Lillie B., minors; Bessie and Bertie, deceased. W. 
 H. „ the eldest son of Mr. Shank, has succeeded his father in the hotel, and is 
 a well known and popular landlord. His mother and youngest brother and 
 sister reside with him; the two elder daughters are married and reside in 
 Chambersburg. 
 
 JOHN McDowell SHAEPE, son of Andrew and Eosanna (McDowell) 
 Sharpe, was born in Newton Township, Cumberland County, on October 
 7, 1830. His paternal ancestors were among the first settlers in the upper end 
 of that county. His maternal ancestors were of the early settlers in the Kisha- 
 coquillas Valley, Mifflin County. His great-grandparents on his father's side, 
 Thomas and Margaret (Elder) Sharpe, were Covenanters who, because of their 
 religious faith, were driven from Scotland to the province of Ulster, in the 
 
688 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 North of Ireland, about the middle of the seventeenth century, and settled at 
 Belfast, in the county of Antrim, until they emigrated and settled in the 
 Cumberland Valley, near Newville, about the year 1747. They had five sons 
 and four daughters. His grandfather, Alexander Sharpe, of Green Spring, 
 one of the foremost men of his day in the county, was the youngest of the five 
 sons. He began his academic studies at Marshall College, then under the 
 presidency of °Eev. Dr. John W. Nevin, and completed his collegiate course 
 under Rev. Dr. Eobert J. Breckenridge, at Jefferson College, in September, 
 1848, graduating vrith. the highest honors of his class a few days before he at- 
 tained the age of eighteen years. Shortly afterward he began the study of 
 the law with Hon. Frederick Watts, of Carlisle, and was admitted to prac- 
 tice at the November term, 1850. He selected Chambersburg as the place of 
 his future residence, was admitted to the bar of Franklin County on March 
 11, 1851, and continued to reside and practice his profession there as long as 
 he lived. On March 7, 1857, he was married to Emma L. King, a daughter 
 of John King, and Mary S. (Maclay) King. She and their only child, Walter 
 King Sharpe, survive him. 
 
 Mr. Sharpe was one of the most distinguished men that ever lived in 
 Franklin County. He was gifted by nature, and, besides, a diligent student 
 from boyhood until death. He was an eminent lawyer, but had attainments 
 beyond the reach of his profession, which made him an agreeable companion 
 and a useful citizen; and he possessed a nature so gentle and kind, patient and 
 forgiving, that he was, what few ever are, as lovable as he was eminent. Like 
 most men engaged almost constantly in the turmoil of professional life, he left 
 little to testify to his literary culture. Were it not for his memoir before the 
 Pennsylvania Historical Society of Hon. George Chambers, one of its vice- 
 presidents, on February 17, 1873; his portrayal of the character of Hon. W. 
 M. Meredith before the constitutional convention on September 16, 1873; his 
 centennial ovation at the Middle Spring Presbyterian Church on June 18, 
 1876, and some of his reported speeches in the convention that gave us the 
 constitution of 1874, it would soon be forgotten that he was a scholar as well 
 as a lawyer. He was of Federal ancestry, and began life a Whig; took an 
 active part for Gen. Scott in 1852, but the Know-nothing movement drove 
 him from those with whom he had formerly a£Sliated, and in 1856 he declared 
 for Buchanan, and ever after clung to the Democratic party. In 1863 he rep- 
 resented the counties of Franklin and Fulton in the Lower House, and in 1864 
 Franklin and Perry, and was recognized as an able debater and a careful and 
 wise legislator. In 1872 he was elected to the constitutional convention by 
 the counties of Franklin and Cumberland. The records of its debates and the 
 testimony of his associates concur in giving him a high place among its mem- 
 bers. 
 
 In 1882 he was again elected to the House of Representatives, and was 
 chairman of its judiciary committee, and universally recognized as the fore- 
 most man of that body when he died. This is a summary of hif political ca- 
 reer, for which he had little taste and less adaptation, considering the manner 
 in which distinction in this field is generally won. He had none of the quali- 
 ties of the mere politician. He was incapable of trickery. He despised the 
 cunning and artful man. None of the methods by which men are cajoled or 
 duped or purchased to further the interests of an individual or party ever 
 received his sanction. He never sought office, but was always master of the 
 various questions that arose in the State or Nation, and presented them to the 
 people in their assemblies and to his party in its conventions, like a scholar, a 
 statesman and a gentleman. It was his superiority rather than his popularity 
 
BOROUGH OF CHAMBERSBUEG. 689 
 
 that led his coastituents to elect him to the public places that he filled. But 
 there was a sphere in which he loved to move, and a calling to which he was 
 devoted. He was a lawyer of the highest type. He began the practice of 
 his profession before he attained his majority, and pursued it unremittingly as 
 long as he lived. Upon his admission to the bar, Judge Watts pronounced 
 him the brightest student he had ever instructed, and has said the same of 
 him often since. Judge Sharswood after he left the supreme bench said with 
 deliberation that, taking one term with another, he regarded Mr. Sharpe as the 
 best prepared and most thorough lawyer that came before him during the 
 term that he sat in that court. The bar and the people of the southern por- 
 tion of the State, in which he was personally well known, recognized him as 
 the first lawyer of his day, and the leader of his profession; and they had 
 ample grounds for such recognition, for in him were combined all the attri- 
 butes that make up the accomplished and thorough lawyer. He was a scru- 
 pulously honest man, with a knightly sense of professional duty which at all 
 times reminded him of his obligation to the court as well as to his client. 
 He was learned in all branches of his profession, and familiar with the prac- 
 tice of all the courts. He tried a case with the same zest, skill and earnest- 
 ness in the quarter sessions as he did in the common pleas. His client sit- 
 ting by his side was always the same, whether in the person of one accused of 
 crime, or of a prominent citizen legally demanding his rights. His power of 
 memory was equal to his reasoning faculties. He could carry without notes 
 the names of witnesses and their testimony accurately through a protracted 
 trial, and when questions of law unexpectedly arose he could often refer on 
 the instant to a case that ruled the point. His knowledge of pleading and 
 his self possession were such that he was seldom taken by surprise, and his 
 accuracy in the preparation of the pleadings commended him to the learned 
 in the profession. He was an advocate of great power. His manner was 
 open, manly, candid and earnest. His diction was fine. He could skill- 
 fully analyze testimony, and logically present the result of his analysis; and 
 to these he added care in the preparation of his case, and, whenever practicable, 
 an examination of the witnesses before they were called to the stand. 
 
 But the place where he was most at home, and appeared to the best advan- 
 tage, was before the court. The atmosphere that pervades this tribunal in our 
 State has always been uncongenial with tricky sophistry, the suppression of 
 truth and the suggestion of falsehood. Here integrity, industry, learning and 
 a high order of talent are surest of finding recognition. Such were his indus- 
 try and learning that he never appeared before the court in any important case 
 without thorough preparation. Such was his ability that he never failed to 
 present his case in the clearest and most favorable light, and such his integrity 
 that he would have suffered the most mortifying defeat rather than gain a 
 cause by citing a misleading or overruled case. Thus armed with every weapon 
 that could contribute to success, the supreme court of his State was the tribu- 
 nal in which he displayed his finest qualities, and there he was always welcome, 
 for he never appeared before its judges without an argument that was worthy 
 of their fullest attention, and with a paper, book, or counter statement con- 
 taining all that could be said on his side of the controversy. This learned and 
 profound lawyer, persuasive and eloquent advocate, was an especial favorite 
 with the younger members of his profession. There never was an hour of his 
 busy life when he was not willing and ready to turn aside from his own busi- 
 ness to aid those of less experience who came to him for counsel, and many 
 are the instances of his unalloyed courtesy and kindness that his juniors at the 
 bar love to recall. 
 
6^0 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 It is sad to think that the recollection of such a man will die with the gen- 
 eration that surrounded him, but this is the decree of fate. It is only on the 
 battle-field and in the arena of politics that permanent fame is attained, and 
 in both the criterion of greatness is success, nothing higher. The lawyer who 
 makes it his standard of duty to see that justice is administered with an equal 
 hand, who strives to protect the weak, to prevent wrong, and terminate con- 
 tention, and devotes his days and nights to the interests of his fellow men, may 
 look forwai'd to immortality, but it is that beyond the grave. Mr. Sharpe's 
 personal appearance was attractive, his manners refined; his face was 
 indicative of his chief characteristics, in it were mingled gentleness and 
 intellect. The latter secured for him a pre-eminence, which by reason of the 
 former provoked neither enmity nor jealousy. His habits were retired, not 
 only because of his love of study, but of impaired hearing. His sensibility to 
 this affliction often kept him from mingling in society when he would havebeeh 
 most welcome. He was reared a Calvinist, trained from childhood in the 
 tenets of the Westminster Confession of Faith and its catechisms, professed its 
 doctrine in manhood, and died in its faith. His funeral was attended by 
 representatives of both houses of the Legislature, by the bars of Franklia and 
 Cumberland Counties, and a large concourse of people of Franklia County. 
 He died on the. 23d of August, 1883, and awaits the resurrection, . in the 
 beautiful Falling Spring Cemetery, on the banks of the Conococheague. 
 
 JOHN SHIFFEKT, veterinary surgeon, Chambersburg, was bom in Le- 
 high County, Penn., June 24, 1821, only son of John and Elizabeth (Kriesmer) 
 ShifiFert. He received a fair education in the public schools of that day, and 
 early in life he adopted the profession of veterinary surgeon. He first studied 
 with Dr. Saser, an eminent German veterinary surgeon, and subsequently 
 with Dr. Henry Hine. an equally noted surgeon in this branch, and later was 
 associated with Dr. Henry Carroll, also a successful German veterinary surgeon. 
 Our subject has practiced his profession in various places in Pennsylvania and 
 in other States. During the late Eebellion he was veterinary surgeon to the 
 Susquehanna department, under Capt. Shipley, till the close of the war. Mr. 
 Shiffert came to Chambersburg about 1850, and has since resided here, with 
 the exception of the time spent in the army and a two years' residence in Cum- 
 berland Coimty, Penn. The Doctor was first married, about 1851, to Bar- 
 bara Metz, who bore him four children — one son, John C, now a veterinary 
 surgeon practicing in New York, and three daughters. The first wife of our 
 subject died about 1865, and he subsequently married Esther Mullen, and by 
 her had sis children, of whom only one survives, Daisy B. , bom October 7, 
 1873. In 1873 Dr. ShifFert purchased his present residence in Chambersburg. 
 He has been an extensive and successful practitidner; has never aspired to 
 public office. 
 
 S. M. SHILLITO, gimsmith and burgess, Chambersburg, was bom in 
 Loudon, Franklin Co., Penn., November 8, 1824, eldest eon of Samuel and 
 Elizabeth (Gmbb) Shillito, the former of whom was a native of Chambersburg, 
 bom m 1793; served in the war of 1812, and was at the battle of North Point. 
 His ancestors were from the North of Ireland and settled in Chambersburg, 
 Franklin Co Penn., in 1740. At the age of twelve years our subject com- 
 menced working with his father at the trade of gunsmith, and after acquiring 
 a taiowledge of the busmess, continued with his father until the death of the 
 latter in 1852, when he assumed control and conducted the business untU the 
 destmction of Chambersburg in 1864. For six years foUowing he was a clerk 
 in the postoffice of that city. In 1 874 he resumed the gunsmiifbusiness, which 
 he has since successfuUy carried on. Mr. Shillito is much interested in edu- 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEE8BUBG. 691 
 
 cational matters, and for fifteen years served as a member of the board of 
 directors of the public schools. He is now serving his second full term as 
 burgess of the city. He has been identified with the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church since childhood, and filled the different official positions in the church. 
 In politics he is a Bepublioan. 
 
 THE FIEM OF SHEEINER BROS., composed of Samuel and John 
 Shreiner, proprietors of the "Montgomery House" livery, Chambersburg : 
 
 Samuel Shreiner was born in Silver Spring Township, Cumberland Co. , 
 Penn. , August 27, 1840, and was educated in the public schools of his native 
 township. He was reared on the home farm until the age of twenty-nine; then 
 engaged in telegraph building, as foreman of a gang of men, for some ten 
 years; was stationed at Chambersburg, as lineman for tiie Western Union Tel- 
 egrdph Company, for two years. In the fall of 1881, together with F. A. 
 Marshall, he purchased a livery, which was conducted under the firm name of 
 Marshall & Shreiner for about one year. In 1883 John Shreiner purchased 
 the interest of Mr. Marshall, and since then the firm has been Shreiner Bros. , 
 and they have done a successful business. They built their present livery stable 
 in the rear of the ' ' Montgomery House, ' ' into which they moved in the spring of 
 1884 Mr. Shreiner married, in March, 1879, Mary C. Porter, daughter of 
 Joseph F. Porter, and by her had four children, three living: Bessie May, 
 Edith Pearl, Roy Porter and Margaret Elizabeth. 
 
 John Sheeinee was bom in Silver Spring Township, Cumberland Co. , Penn. , 
 December 26, 1846, and was educated and reared in the same manner as his broth- 
 er. He engaged in telegraph work with his brother, and now holds the position of 
 lineman, resigned by his brother. He married, in 1873,Eleanora Morrett, daugh- 
 ter of Daniel Morrett, and by her has six children: Charles Talbert, Daniel 
 Morrett, Mary E. , Clara May, Clarence Miller, Glenn Cleveland. Mrs. Shreiner 
 is a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Shreiner is a member of Lamber- 
 ton Lodge, No. 708, I. O. O. F., and Olive Branch Encampment of the I. O. 
 O. P. Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 HENRY SIERER, furniture manufacturer, Chambersburg, w£fs born in 
 Cumberland County, Penn. , August 24, 1832, son of Daniel and Mary (Kroll) 
 Sierer. He grew up on the farm, and received but limited educational advan- 
 tages. In March, 1850, he came to Chambersburg, where he served three years 
 at the trade of cabinet and chair making. At the expiration of his apprentice- 
 ship he purchased the interest of his employer, William A. Haslett, whose es- 
 tablishment was on the site of his present place of business. In 1856 Mr. 
 Sierer put into the establishment steam power, and in 1859 leased the Wash- 
 abaugh Brewery property as a factory, where he continued the business until 
 the property was destroyed by fire in 1864. He again leased the same site and 
 rebuilt, and was, in August, 1869, the second time burned out. He again 
 rebuilt and occupied the property until the expiration of his lease in 1872, when 
 he purchased the Lemnos edge-tool factory, to which he added suitable build- 
 ings for manufacturing purposes, which, during the flood of 1877, were carried 
 away, with the exception of the main structure, and by which much of his prop- 
 erty was destroyed. He again rebuilt, and is now carrying on an extensive 
 business. The firm, since 1873, has been H. Sierer & Co. (the Co. being Will- 
 iam H. Bricker). The firm employs about forty hands. In 1854 Mr. Sierer 
 was married to Margaret C. , daughter of Dr. Jeremiah Senseny. She died in 
 1860, and in 1864 he was married to Catherine J. Carmany, by whom he has 
 had four children. The family is identified with the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. Mr. Sierer has ever been alive to educational interests, and for sev- 
 eral years served as school director of the borough. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
692 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JOSEPH SIERER, dealer in carpets and wall paper, Chambersburg, was bom 
 in Cumberland County, Penn. , December 11, 1838, son of Daniel and Mary 
 Sierer. He was brought up to farming until fifteen years of age, and received 
 such instruction in the common branches as the neighborhood schools afforded. 
 At the age of fifteen years (in March, 1853), he began serving with his father an 
 apprenticeship at the trade of chair-making, in Chambersburg. After complet- 
 ing his apprenticeship he worked for others several years, and for a period took 
 charge of his brother's retail establishment, in which capacity he was occupied 
 in February, 1868, when was opened the carpet house of J. Sierer & Co., 
 which was carried on under that name until April, 1870, since when Mr. Sierer 
 has conducted the business himself, and to which he added, about eight years 
 ago, wall paper. The business has grown to large proportions and the store is 
 now in a fiourishing condition. In 1869 Mr. Sierer was married to Emma C, 
 daughter of Jacob Jarrett, of Chambersburg. To this union'six children were 
 born, five of whom are living — two daughters and three sons. Mrs. Sierer is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 ADOLPHUS A. SKINNER, retired farmer, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Fannettsburg, Franklin Co. , Penn. , April 14, 1844, a son of William W. and 
 Mary Ann (Ramsey) Skinner. He received a fair education in the schools of 
 his native town, in the academy at Spring Run in Franklin County, and in 
 Miln Wood Academy at Shade Gap, in Huntingdon County, in addition to 
 which he was in attendance one term at Academia, Prof. Shoemaker's academy 
 in Juniata County. Subsequently he taught school three or four winter terms, 
 and in 1863 entered the store of his uncle, John S. Skinner, in Fannettsburg, 
 as clerk, remaining with him a year or fifteen months. In 1866, in company 
 with Captain J. H. Walker, he engaged in the shoe and notion trade at Fan- 
 nettsburg, under firm name of "Skinner & Walker," which firm for two years 
 did an extensive business. On the death of his father in 1867, our subject 
 became the owner of the home farm, which is still in his possession, and upon 
 which he resided until 1872, when he was elected register and recorder, and, 
 in November, 1872, removed to Chambersburg, Franklin County. In 1875 he 
 was re-elected to that office and filled the same until 1879, when for three 
 years he led a retired life, and in 1882 accepted the position of deputy regis- 
 ter and recorder, which he fiUed until April, 1884. Since the spring of the 
 latter year he has devoted his attention to the management and improvement 
 of several farms in Fianklin County, and to the building of houses in Cham- 
 bersburg and Fannettsville. October 16, 1879, Mr. Skinner married Miss 
 Susie E. , daughter of John Keefer, a well known citizen of Chambersburg, 
 and to this marriage have been born two children: Adolphus L., and Mary 
 Ann; the former born December 25, 1880, and the latter bom Api-il 4, 1882. 
 Mr. Skinner is a member of the I. O. O. F. ; in politids a Republican. He 
 and his family are attendants of Central Presbyterian Church, Chambersburg. 
 
 WILLIAM C. SKINNER, brick manufacturer, Chambersburg, was born 
 m Fannett Township, Franklin County, Penn., June 18, 1849, youngest 
 son of William and Sarah Ann (Aikin) Skinner, the former of whom is also 
 a native of Fannett- Township, this county, born in 1818, his father, John 
 Skmner, having been one of the pioneers of that township. William Skin- 
 ner was a merchant in Dry Run, till his election to the office of sheriff in 
 1854, when he removed to Chambersburg, where he continued to reside until 
 his death m 1878. He reared to maturity a family of four children— two sons 
 and two daughters. He was a successful business man. William C. Skinner 
 received a fair education in the public schools and academy at Chambersburg, 
 also at Academia Academy in Juniata County, Penn., which he attended some 
 
BOliOUGH OP CHAMBEBSBUEG. 693 
 
 three terms. In connection with his father and brother (under firm name 
 of William Skinner & Son), our subject conducted a dry goods and notion store 
 for three years. In 1873 he commenced the manufacture of brick, in which 
 he still continues, and has an extensive yard where he makes some 800,000 
 bricks per annum, usually employing some twenty hands. In 1875 he was 
 appointed and served as deputy sheriff three years. In the fall of 1880 he 
 was elected sheriff, filling that office for a term of three years, since when he 
 has devoted his attention to brick manufacture. Mr. Skinner married, in 
 1873, Alice R., daughter of Melchor Hassler, a former well known resident of 
 St. Thomas Township, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Skinner are parents of six 
 children, of whom four sons survive. Our subject and wife are members of 
 the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. Skinner is a Democrat. 
 
 EDWIN O. SMILEY, grocer, Chambersburg, was born in Carlisle, Cum- 
 berland County, Penn., July 28, 1858, a son of Eobert, B. and Elizabeth 
 A. (Shade) Smiley. He with his parents canle to Chambersburg in 1866, 
 where he was educated in the public schools, and in the fall of 1872 entered 
 the employ of S. A. Huber as clerk, with whom he remained until October, 
 1884, when he commenced business for himself in his present location, 71 
 South Main Street,. as a dealer in general groceries and crockery, making a 
 specialty of fresh fish and vegetables in their season, which business is 
 increasing and promising. December 15, 1879, Mr. Smiley was married to 
 Miss Lxdu, daughter of Christian and Margaret Senseney, former residents of 
 Chambersburg. Mr. and Mrs. Smiley are members of the First United 
 Brethren Church. 
 
 GEORGE. WEBSTER SMITH, conductor, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Chambersburg, this county, February 12, 1842, youngest child of Allen and 
 Patience (Webster) Smith, the former of whom, a tanner and currier by trade, 
 was born in Chester County, Penn., March 4, 1801, and came to Chambers- 
 burg in the fall of 1839, where he entered the empl6y of the Cumberland 
 Valley Railroad Company as engineer (he had occupied a similar position on 
 the State road before coming here) and was the first to run an engine with an 
 enclosed cab on the Cumberland Valley Railroad. He continued on the road 
 some years and then ran individual express cars for Maj. Calhoun for seven 
 years. In 1852 he embarked in the grocery trade and did an extensive and 
 successful business until the destruction of Chambersburg in 1864. His resi- 
 dence and place of business were totally destroyed, and though he rebuilt the 
 latter, he never entered into business. Allen Smith, who was a member of 
 the Society of Friends, never cared for office. He died April 7, 1877, a mem- 
 ber of the L O. O. F. His widow, who was bom in Lancaster County, Penn. , 
 September 2, 1806, is still living, vigorous in mind and body. Our subject, 
 the only living child of this couple, was educated in the public schools of 
 Chambersburg, and clerked in his father's store early in life. About 1869 he 
 entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, acting as 
 brakeman for five years, when he was appointed conductor of a freight train, 
 a position he stiU holds. Mr. Smith was married in 1867 to Priscilla E. , 
 daughter of David Zimmerman, a former resident of Letterkenny Township, 
 this county. Of the ten children bom to this union four are living — two sons 
 and two daughters. 
 
 FREDERICK T. SNYDER, register and recorder, Chambersburg, was 
 bom in Guilford Township, this county, June 13, 1850, third son of Jacob C. 
 and Martha (Tritle) Snyder. He was educated in the public schools of Guil- 
 ford Township, and was reared to farming until 1869, teaching school winters 
 and working on his father's farai. Having studied telegraphy at Davenport 
 
^94 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Institute, he became an operator in Ohio for one year. Eeturning home in 
 1876, he resumed teaching and farming; was elected judge of the election board 
 in Guilford Township in 1879, and assessor of same township in 1881-82; in the 
 fall of 1884 he was elected register and recorder of FrdnMin County for a term 
 of three years, being the only Democrat elected on the county ticket during that 
 campaign. Mr. Snyder married, June 3, 1879, Ella V., daughter of Amos P. 
 Rice, a resident of Guilford Township, this county, and by her has one daugh- 
 ter, Anna Myrtle, bom in March, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder are members of 
 the First United Brethren Church, of Chambersburg. 
 
 JOHN D. SPEER, manufacturers' agent, Chambersburg, was born in 
 Lnrgan Township, Franklin Co., Penn., February 5, 1833, eldest son of Will- 
 iam and Jane (Calhoun) Speer. He was reared and worked on a farm in his 
 native township until sixteen years of age, receiving such educational advan- 
 tages as the neighboring schools afforded. He was then apprenticed to the 
 trade of carpenter and joiner, which he learned, and at which he worked for 
 others until about 1853, when he commenced for himself the business of build- 
 ing and contracting in Lurgan Township. He was married in 1853 to Lu- 
 cinda, daughter of John Hamshire, a former citizen of Lurgan Township. 
 Our subject carried on the "business in Lurgan until coming to Chambersburg 
 in the spring of 1864. He worked at his trade during the rebuilding of 
 Chambersburg, and about the year 1867 entered into partnership with W. D. 
 Guthrie in the burning of lime, which occupation he followed until 1870. In 
 1871 or 1872, in company with Jacob S. Brand, he began the manufacture of 
 blasting powder, and continued that business for three or four years, when he 
 disposed of the same. These gentlemen also conducted a wholesale and retail 
 grocery under the name of "Brand & Speer," for three years, when Mr. 
 Speer retired from the firm. About the year 1881 the latter became identified 
 with the firm of Laflin & Rand as manufacturers' agent for powder of all 
 grades, also for the Duncannon Iron Company, and for the Central Iron Com- 
 pany of Harrisburg, manufacturers of boiler plates, etc. The firm is now J. 
 I). Speer & Son, and has operated extensively for the past three years. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Speer are the parents of five children — two sons and three daughters. 
 They haVe been identified with a church society for many years. 
 
 WILLIAM STAKE, tax collector, Chambersburg, was born in Hamilton 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., April 19, 1828. son of John and Sarah 
 (Monninger) Stake, the former of whom was also a native of this county, bom in 
 Lurgan Township about 1790, his father having been one of the pioneers of 
 Franklin County, Penn. John Stake was a weaver by trade and spent the last 
 of his days in Hamilton Township, this county, where! he died about 1871. 
 He reared to maturity a family of seven children, of whom one son and four 
 daughters survive. Our subject was educated in such schools as the county 
 then afforded but afterward improved his educational advantages by study. 
 When seventeen he commenced an apprenticeship, serving three years at the 
 trade of carpenter in Shippensburg, Penn. There he also worked as journey- 
 man for some years. In 1852 he married Catharine Bruner. That year he 
 commenced building and contracting in Upper Strasburg on his own account, 
 and there did a successful business until, coming to Chambersburg in the 
 spring of 1865, he entered the employ of the Cumberland Valley "Railroad 
 Company, working in the car^shops till June, 1877, when he was elected tax 
 collector for the borough of Chambersburg, and has since been annually re- 
 elected to the same position. Mr. and Mrs. Stake are the parents of eight chil- 
 dren, five of whom are living — two daughters and three sons. The family are 
 members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Stake is a member of the O. U. A. M. 
 
BOROUGH OF OHAMBERSBUEG. 695 
 
 JOHN STEWART, attorUey at law, Chambersburg, the second son of Dr 
 Alexander and Elizabeth (Hammil) Stewart, was born November 4, 1839 in 
 Shippensburg, Cumberland Co., Penn., and was educated at Princeton 
 College, where he graduated in the class of 1857. He then studied law with 
 Judge Watts at Carlisle, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1860. In 
 1861 he removed to Chambersburg, where he has been engaged in the prac- 
 tice of his profession. August 11, 1862, he was mustered into the Union Army 
 as first lieutenant of Company A, One Hundred and Twenty- sixth Regiment, 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was promoted to adjutant of the reg- 
 iment four days later. In that capacity he served with the regiment until it 
 was mustered out at the expiration of its term, May 30, 1863. He was a dele- 
 gate from Franklin County to the National convention at Baltimore, which 
 nominated Lincoln for his second term. After leaving the army Mr. Stewart 
 devoted himself entirely to the practice of his profession. He was elected in 
 October, 1872, the delegate from the then Nineteenth Senatorial District, com- 
 prising Cumberland and Frantlin Counties, to the State constitutional con- 
 vention. Mr. Stewart was an elector in the State on the occasion of Gen. 
 Grant's first election. He was also a delegate in the National convention 
 at Cincinnati, which nominated President Hayes. In 1880 he was elected a 
 member of the State Senate from the Thirty-third District, comprising 
 Franklin and Huntingdon Counties. In 1882 he became the Indepen- 
 dent Republican candidate for governor in the triangular contest of that year. 
 In 1884 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago 
 which norpinated James G. Blaine, and was chairman of the Pennsylvania 
 delegation. Mr. Stewart married, in 1862, Miss Jane Holmes Larmour, 
 daughter of Samuel B. Larmour, of Alexandria, Va. 
 
 ISAAC STINE, wholesale and retail grocer, Chambersburg, was bom in 
 Hanover, York Co., Penn., April 4, 1847, youngest son of Alexander and 
 Esther Stine. The father was bom in Germany in 1805, and came to Amer- 
 ica about 1840, first locating at Hanover, York County, where he remained until 
 1847, when he came to Chambersburg and opened a grocery store on Second 
 Street, which he carried on until his death in 1863, having been a successful busi- 
 ness man. He reared to manhood and womanhood a family of five children, of 
 whom Isaac is the sole survivor. The widow stUl lives at the age of eighty- 
 four years, vigorous in mind and body. Our subject received a common- school 
 ■education, and passed his youth in his father' s store. On the death of the lat- 
 ter he assumed charge of the business, which had been removed to South Main 
 Street. Soon after his removal his stock was totally destroyed by fire, and he 
 returned to Second Street, where he resumed business, and continued for five 
 years. About 1870 he again located at No. 147 South Main Street, and from 
 there, in 1880, he removed to his present location, adding a wholesale de- 
 partment to the retail store, which latter is now at No. 42 South Main Street, 
 the wholesale department being carried on at the corner of Main and Washing- 
 ton Streets. He has also two warehouses in different parts of the borough, 
 employs two commercial travelers, and does an extensive business. Mr. Stine is a 
 Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. ; in politics a Democrat. 
 He and his family are members of the Hebrew Church. 
 
 JACOB STROCK, conductor, Chambersburg, was born in Hamilton 
 Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , August 21, 1844, son of Henry and Sarah 
 (Bitner) Strock. Henry Strock was born in Lebanon County, Perm., May 21, 
 1800; came to Franklin County early in the century and purchased a farm in 
 Hamilton Township, where he lired till about 1861, when he removed to St. 
 Thomas Township, this county, and there resided until his death, which oc- 
 
696 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 curred Jiine 26, 1875. He reared to matiirity a family of fifteen children, of 
 whom five daughters and four sons survive. Jacob Strock received a fair educa- 
 tion in the public schools of his native township. He was brought up to farm 
 pursuits, and remained at home till eighteen years old. In 1862 he commenced 
 an apprenticeship at the trade of bricklayer with the Cumberland Valley Rail- 
 road Company, and worked at that trade, mostly with that company, untiU 
 1870, when he commenced as brakeman on a freight train for the same corpo- 
 ration and continued in this position some five years. About 1877 he was ap- 
 pointed conductor, a position he has since filled. Our subject was married in 
 1866, to Catharine, daughter of Robert Dunkinson, a former resident of Cham- 
 bersburg, Penn. To this union was born one daughter, Annie, who was mar- 
 ried September 24, 1885, to Samuel Minnich, of Chambersburg. Mrs. Strock 
 is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics Mr. Strock is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 JACOB LEWIS SUESSEROTT, M. D., (deceased) was born of German 
 descent, in Chambersburg, this county, February 20, 1829. He died July 16, 
 1886. Having received an academic education, he entered Jefferson Med- 
 ical College, and was graduated from that institution in March, 1851. In the 
 same year, combining the practice of dentistry with that of medicine, he estab- 
 lished himself at Chambersburg, where he remained until 1857 ; then accepted the 
 chair of pathology and therapeutics in the Pennsylvania College of Dental 
 Surgery, at Philadelphia. In 1864, his home being placed in a precarious 
 condition by the northern movement of the Confederate Army, he resigned his 
 professorship and returned to Chambersburg in order to protect, as far as pos- 
 sible, his property. From that time he devoted himself exclusively to medi- 
 cine, engaging in a general practice. He was a member of the State Medical 
 Society, of the Franklin County Medical Society, an ex-member of the Ameri- 
 can and Pennsylvania Dental Societies, also of the American Medical Associa- 
 tion. During the latter portion of the late war he was surgeon to the district 
 board of enrollment, and was surgeon to the United States ' pension bureau 
 from 1863 until December, 1885. October 12, 1852, Dr. Suesserott married 
 Julia E., daughter of Frederick Smith, Esq., of Chambersburg, and to this 
 union have been born two sons and three daughters, the eldest of which chil- 
 dren, C. A., is an attorney of Chambersburg; L. P., the second eldest, was 
 associated with his father in the practice of medicine, having graduated from 
 the University of Pennsylvania in the session of 1879. In politics Dr. Suess- 
 erott was a Republican. He was connected with the Lutheran Church. 
 
 BENJAMIN UGLOW, farmer and dealer in real estate, Chambersburg, 
 was born in Cornwall, England, June 26, 1814, eldest child of Nicholas and 
 Prudence (Date) Uglow. Nicholas Uglow, bom in England in 1788, immigra- 
 ted to America in 1818, came direct to Chambersburg, this county, and en- 
 gaged in well-digging and brick-making, subsequently buying the land, now the 
 home place of his son, in Chambersburg. He reared to maturity a family of 
 three children, of whom Benjamin is the sole survivor. He was at one time 
 elected justice of the peace, but declined to serve. He was an enterprising 
 citizen, and died September 28, 1868. Our subject received but limited edu- 
 cational opportunities, and early in life was called on to assist in the various 
 duties pertaining to the farm and brickyard. He always lived on the home 
 place, with the exception of two years spent on a farm in Hamilton Township, 
 this county. Early in life he manufactured brick extensively for some twelve 
 or fifteen years. Our subject has been twice married, first on March 31, 1836, 
 to Miss Mary Gurns, who bore him twelve children, of whom ten are now liv- 
 ing—six daughters and four sons. Mrs. Mary Uglow died May 23, 1857, and 
 
BOBOUGH OF CHAMBEESBURG. 697 
 
 Mr. Uglow then married, January 20, 1859, Miss Elizabeth Keyser, who was 
 born in Germany, November 5, 1823. To this union were born two daughters, 
 one of whom (Rebecca) is living. Mrs. Uglow is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. Our subject, who is an esteemed and substantial citizen, 
 has never aspired to office. 
 
 "WILLIAM WALLACE (deceased) was one of the most widely known, 
 reputable and prosperous merchants who have done business in Chambers- 
 burg; he came of genuine Scotch-Irish stock. His father, Isaac Wallace, was 
 born at Blue Ball, Lancaster Co. , Penn. , and came to Franklin County in 
 early life and settled on a farm in Guilford Township, near the village of 
 Marion. William was the only son. Isaac had three daughters: Harriet, who 
 died young; Eebecca, who was married to Adam Fisher, the head of the fam- 
 ily of Fishers so famous as hotel keepers, and whose representatives are now 
 the proprietors and managers of the popular " Indian Queen Hotel " ; and Mary,, 
 the consort of James Duffield, a member of the numerous and influential con- 
 nection of Duffield; who were among the earliest inhabitants of the country 
 roundabout New Guilford, or, as better known, " Turkey Foot. " Our sub- 
 ject, William Wallace, was born on the paternal farm, November 6, 1805; he 
 was educated in a log schoolhouse near Marion, and acquired an excellent 
 mental training. Of his apprenticeship we can learn nothing, but in 1826 he 
 commenced business for himself in Greenvillage ; a few years later he moved 
 to Chambersburg and took the store at the corner of Queen and Main Streets, 
 since famous in the annals of the county seat as "Wallace's Corner." He 
 went into partiiership with Col. John McGeehan, then a celebrated personage 
 in this region; soon after the firm was enlarged by taking in James Duffield, 
 the brother-in-law of Mr. Wallace, and the firm bore the title of McGeehan, 
 Wallace & Co. After a few years Mr. Wallace bought out the partners and 
 conducted the business alone until after the burning of the town by the rebels, 
 when, his business house and store being consumed, he secured a temporary 
 room in the market-house, replenished his stock, associated with him a favor- 
 ite clerk, Mr. Leonard Kindline, and did an immense trade under the firm 
 name of Wallace & Kindline. Subsequently Maj. McLenegan, son of his 
 second wife, was taken into the partnership, and, finally, he reconstructed 
 his firm and, as Wallace & McLenegan, continued in the mercantile busi- 
 ness until death dissolved the firm. It may be stated in passing that Mr.. 
 McLenegan, a general favorite in the community, soon followed his venerable 
 associate to the grave. Mr, Wallace died after a prolonged illness, which he 
 accepted from the beginning as fatal, and which he bore with exemplary com- 
 posure, waiting serenely for the end. He was twice married; his first wife was 
 Mary McLenegan, of an excellent family in Lancaster, by whom he had sev- 
 eral sons, all of whom, except Elijah, who is still living, died in their childhood 
 and youth. His second wife, who survives him, was Mrs. Mary McLenegan 
 (widow of Elijah McLenegan, brother of the first Mrs. Wallace), who was. 
 bom a Fordney, a sister of William B. Fordney, eminent, in the legal and 
 social life of Lancaster. The present Mrs. Wallace had three children: 
 Emily Beattes McLenegan, wife of Dr. Samuel G. Lane; Samuel McLenegan, 
 who died young, in Philadelphia, in 1853; and Maj. William McLenegan, 
 who served in the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Eegiment of Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, during the war and departed this life August 2, 1883. William Wal- 
 lace acquired a large estate and erected a number of valuable houses in Cham- 
 bersburg. He was a devout Christian for many years, a member of Falling 
 Spring Church. In politics, in which he took a lively interest, he was a Dem- 
 ocrat bom and reared, but upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he became 
 
 38 
 
^98 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 an earnest Eepublican. During the worst days of the war his faith in the 
 final triumph of the Union forces never faltered, and his gratitude to the 
 statesmen and generals of the Eepublic was intense and abiding. Mr. Wal- 
 lace was an exceptionally handsome man, of winning address, pleasant voiced, 
 simple and gentle in deportment, and of an affectionate nature, constant in his 
 friendships, frank and direct in his convictions, and invincibly honest in his 
 sentiments, and in his dealings possessing rare judgment. He was a great reader, 
 and acquired a fine stock of knowledge. He was interested in the prosperity 
 of the community. During his business career he was engaged in milling, 
 brick-making, farming, and prospered in all. He was one of the largest 
 stockholders of the Chambersburg Woolen Mill and one of its officers and 
 managers. He lived before the public many years and died honored and 
 
 lamented: 
 
 " A maD resolved, and steady to his trust. 
 Inflexible to ill and obstinately just." 
 
 FREDERICK WEITZEL, grocer, Chambersburg, was born in Hesse 
 Darmstadt, Germany, March 3, 1836, second child born to Earnest and Chris- 
 tiana (Seng) Weitzel. He received an ordinary common-school education in his 
 native country, having attended the private and public schools, and when 
 quite young assisted his father in the latter' s duties as school teacher. He 
 served an apprenticeship for three years at the trade of cabinet -making, which 
 he commenced at the age of sixteen years; subsequently he worked at his trade 
 in various places in Germany, and in November, 1868, began carrying on the 
 cabinet business in his native town, Eckerthausen, which he continued until 
 emigrating to America in August, 1869. On his arrival in this country he be- 
 gan work in the Knabe Piano Factory at Baltimore, and remained in that 
 institution two years. He next became a resident of Steelton, Penn., for two 
 years. In June, 1874, he located in Chambersburg, and embarked in the 
 grocery business at his present location on North Second Street. February 
 18, 1873, he was married to Catherine Rader, and to them have been bom 
 two daughters: Anna Mary, born February 5, 1874, and Emma Elizabeth, 
 born November 12, 1876. The family are identified with the German Luth- 
 eran Church. Mr. Weitzel is a law-abiding citizen and a prosperous business 
 man. 
 
 A. J. WHITE, merchant tailor, Chambersburg, is a native of this county, 
 born at Chambersburg, January 1, 1828, son of Robert and Elizabeth (Jarrett) 
 White. Until fourteen years of age he attended the conunon schools of his 
 native town; then served an apprenticeship at the tailoring business, which he 
 followed, working for others until 1858, when he commenced business for him- 
 self. In 1864 he lost his place of business and residence, together with fur- 
 niture, and the following year rebuilt, constructing a fine modem edifice, 
 immediately resumed business, and at once took the leading position in fine 
 merchant tailoring, ready made clothing, gents' furnishing goods, etc. For 
 the past five years the firm has been A. J. White & Son, conpisting of Andrew 
 J. and Hiram C. Our subject married, in 1850, Sarah *J. Grove, who bore 
 him fourteen children, ten of whom are now living — five sons and five daugh- 
 ters — originally six sons and eight daughters: Alice V., Hiram C, Ida Belle 
 (deceased), Andrew Jackson (deceased), Mary Blanche, Carrie E., Robert 
 Walter, Nellie S., EUwood J., Sallie R., Preston B., Howard, Fannie Emma 
 (deceased), Nannie Edith (deceased). Mrs. White died June 20, 1885, a life- 
 long member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a devoted and earnest 
 Christian woman. In January, 1887, Mr. White married Miss Emma K. Ham, 
 a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a first cousin of his first wife. 
 
BOEOUGH OF 0HAMBER8BUBG. 699 
 
 Our subject has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for the past thirty-six 
 years. He has been an active worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church for 
 twenty years. He is one of the substantial men of Chambersburg, and a re- 
 spected and esteemed citizen. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 J. M. WOLFKILL, merchant, Chambersburg, was born in Greencastle, 
 Franklin Co., Penn., April 8, 1828, son of John and Elizabeth Wolf kill. He 
 received limited schooling. At the age of twelve years, his mother being a 
 widow, he was thrown upon his own resources. He engaged with a Mr. Wil- 
 helm, of Greencastle, in driving hogs and sheep from Greencastle to Baltimore 
 for a period of two years. In 1842 he came to Chambersburg and entered 
 the employ of John Smith, as clerk, with whom he remained until 1850. He 
 then removed to Orrstown, and, in company with Henry Kuby and E. J. Law- 
 ton, established the firm of Ruby, Wolf kill & Co., in general mercantile busi- 
 ness, in which he continued for four years and a half, also conducting a brick- 
 yard. He then took a trip West, and, returning, came to Franklin County, 
 engaging for iour years and a half in trade in Upper Strasburg, where he did a 
 successful business. In 1860 he returned to Chambersburg, and the following 
 year purchased the site of his present business and home (corner of West Mar- 
 ket and Franklin Streets), and engaged in general merchandising. In 1863-64 
 he had two stocks of -merchandise carried off, and in the latter year his resi- 
 dence was destroyed. In 1865 he rebuilt, erecting his present commodious 
 building, where he has since continued in an extensive and profitable business. 
 In 1850 Mr. Wolfkill was married to Anna Mary, daughter of Henry Euby, 
 a well known resident of Chambersburg. Mr. and Mrs. Wolfkill are the par- 
 ents of two children, one of whom, Henry E., is associated with his father in 
 the business. Henry E. is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. 
 Wolfkill has always declined public position. He is a self-made man and a 
 substantial citizen; in politics a Democrat. 
 
 CHARLES A. TOH, train dispatcher, Chambersburg, was born in Mar- 
 tinsburg, W. Va, August 16, 1857, youngest son of Henry and Susan 
 (Streib) Toh. He obtained an ordinary common-school education in his native 
 place, and was employed as a clerk until nineteen years of age, when he learned 
 telegraphy. In 1877 he was appointed assistant train dispatcher in the 
 general ofSce of the Cumberland Valley Railroad, in Chambersburg. About 
 the year 1882 he was appointed train dispatcher, a position he has since held. 
 Mr. Yoh has always taken great interest in the fire department of the city, and 
 in 1884 he was elected president of the Cumberland Valley Hose Company. In 
 the spring of 1886, he was elected to the oflace of councilman from the First 
 Ward. In 1878 he was married to Miss Margaret Carl, and to them have 
 been bom four children; three are living — two sons and one daughter. Mr. 
 Toh and family attend the services of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 W. J. ZACHAEIAS, district attorney, Chambersburg, was born in Fred- 
 erick County, Md., March 18, 1852, the youngest son of Christian and Sarah 
 (Picking) Zacharias. He was educated in the public schools and in Mercers- 
 burg College, graduating from the latter institution in 1876. In that college 
 he remained one year as tutor of Latin and Greek. For three years he was 
 vice-principal of the Chambersburg Academy, during which time he read law 
 in the ofiSce of John Stewart, Esq., and was admitted to the bar, April 26, 
 1880, and in September of that year commenced the practice of his profession 
 in Chambersburg. In the fall of 1883 our subject was elected district attor- 
 ney, served his term and received the unanimous nomination for the same 
 office in the summer of 1886, and was defeated by two votes, though leading 
 his ticket 763 votes, his opponent being Hiram J. Plough, Esq. Mr. Zacha- 
 
700 BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES: 
 
 rias married, March 20, 1883, Mary J. daughter of Capt. E. J. Boyd of Up- 
 ton, this county, and to them have been born one daughter, Janet, and one 
 son, Eobert M. The parents are members of Zion' s Reformed Church, in which 
 Mr. Zacharias is a deacon. He is a member of Columbus Lodge, I. O. O. ¥., 
 No. 175; in politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 ANTRIM TOWNSHIP AND BOROUGH OF GREENCASTLE. 
 
 REV. JOHN ROBINSON AGNEW was born June 8, 1810, in McGon- 
 nellsburg, Bedford (now Fulton) Co., Penn.. son of Col. James and Mrs. 
 Ochiltree {nee Elizabeth Finley) Agnew. He attended the classical school of 
 Dr. McConaughy, at Gettysburg, Penn. , and graduated at Dickinson College, 
 Carlisle, pursuing his theological education at the Union Seminary, Va. , and 
 Princeton, N. J. Mr. Agnew was a missionary among the Choctaw Indians 
 "at his own charges." His first pastorate was at Harrisville, Butler Co., 
 Penn. , and Scrubgrass,, Venango Co. , Penn. , of nine years' duration. His. 
 health failed, however, so that he would never consent to be installed again, 
 but was stated supply in various churches; was missionary among the freed- 
 men; chaplain in the Missouri penitentiary during Gov. McClurg's term; 
 agent for Lincoln University and LaFayette College; professor of senior classes 
 in Steubenville Female Seminary, Ohio; agent of board of colportage, 
 Pittsburgh. He married, in 1839, Harriet J. H. Agnew, by whom he had one 
 child, M. J. Agnew. Mr. Agnew was elected vice-president -of Oxford (Ohio) 
 Female College, but did not accept by advice of friends, though strongly urged 
 to by faculty and students. In ' ' Men of Mark " it is said of him ' ' while 
 acting as professor of astronomy, at Steubenville, Ohio, he invented an ingen- 
 ious set of sectional globes, celestial and terrestial, combined vrith an orrery 
 in such a manner that all three, in one, more clearly and definitely convey to 
 the mind of the student the movements of the heavenly bodies than has 
 been done by any other invention, and it will be a blessing to any school to be 
 furnished with these appliances for illustrating geography and astronomy. 
 "While laid aside from preaching by physical infirmities, at Greencastle, Penn., 
 he is completing these inventions. [Never completed on account of want of 
 means.] In all the public positions he has occupied the Rev. J. R. Agnew 
 has proven himself to be a man of the very highest principles, faithful, earnest 
 and conscientious in the discharge of his duties, and pre-eminently a man of 
 faith and prayer, preferring the poverty and trials of the Gospel ministry to 
 the many more lucrative positions which have offered themselves to him at 
 various periods of his eventful life." He came here (Greencastle) from Mis- 
 souri in 1872, where he has been ever since, entirely laid aside from active 
 life at present by bodily infirmity, deafness and partial blindness. 
 
 ALLEN BROWN and descendants. Allen Brovni came from Cookstown, 
 County Tyrone, Ireland, and settled in Lower Path Valley, then Fannett 
 Township, Cumberland Co., Penn., about the year 1755. Rebuilt a house 
 on the main road leading to Pittsburgh, started a small store and -traded 
 with the Indians and early settlers. In 1 765 he bought from Adam Hoopes 
 450 acres of land, for which he paid £359. In religion he was a Presbyterian, 
 and it is supposed he was one of the many that left Ireland about that time in 
 order to have larger religious liberty. He was twice married — to Mary Broth- 
 
ANTEIM T0WN8HI*. 701 
 
 erton, Jvlj 3, 1755, who died July 10, 1758, and, May 16, 1768, to Margaret 
 Oliver, who died March 14, 1817. Allen Brown died October 14, 1808, aged 
 seventy-nine years, and is interred in the White Church Presbyterian grave- 
 yard. He was enrolled in Oapt. Abrams company, and did some service in the 
 Bevolutionary war. In pisrson he was a man of medium height and size, 
 Mndly disposition, and a lea^r among men at his day and in the community in 
 which he lived. He left three children: Mary, Joseph and Stephen O. Mary 
 married James McCnrdy, and died at the age of seventy-five. Joseph was 
 twice married, was elected justice of the peace and was for a number of years 
 a ruling elder in the Lower Path Valley Presbyterian Chutch. He died, re- 
 spected by the community, at the age of seventy-six, and is interred in the 
 White Church graveyard. Stephen O. was bom February 7, 1782. He fell 
 heir to one half the large tract which his father owned; on this land he built a 
 house, on the road leading through the valley from Fort Loudon to Concord, 
 «nd there lived all his days. April 30, 1806, he married Martha Johnston, of 
 Antrim Township, this county, a lady of the noted family of that name which 
 :figared so largely in the early history of Antrim Township and Franklin 
 County. She died March 22, 1817, aged forty-three, and is interred in the 
 Johnston graveyard near Shady Grove. March 5, 1824, he married Margaret 
 Brewster, daughter of William Brewster of Fannettsburg, this county. She 
 died May 17, 1872. Stephed O. Brown died March 8, 1860, aged seventy- 
 nine years, and is interred in the Lower Path Valley graveyard where a neat 
 monument has been erected to his and his wife's memory. He was six feet in 
 height, weighed about 175 pounds, hair brown, eyes blue. In his prime he 
 was a man of strength, with fine physical and muscular build, a large, well 
 molded head and a strong face. He was a reader and well informed on all 
 subjects, and a fine conversationalist. He was a Presbyterian, and for many 
 years held the office of trustee in the church. He was a Whig in politics, but 
 never sought nor held office, more than school director of his township. By 
 economy, industry and good judgment he accumulated quite a large fortune. 
 He left three children : Martha Jane, wife of Samuel M. Linn, Chambersburg, 
 Pennsylvania, Oliver S. Brown and Dr. W. B. Brown, Greencastle, Penn. 
 
 GBOKGE W. BETJMBATJGH, stock dealer, Greencastle, was born July 8, 
 1834. His grandfather was a native of Washington County, Md. His father, 
 David Brumbaugh, was also bom there, but about two years previous to our 
 subject's birth moved to the south part of Antrim Township, this comity, just 
 over the Maryland line. David's wife's name was Anna Eve Kessecker. He 
 was a farmer, a prominent member of the Lutheran Church, a large land- 
 holder, owning three faj:ms in Maryland and three farms in Pennsylvania, 
 amounting to 975 acres. During his late years he kept a hotel at Middleburg, 
 near the State line, and besides this hotel property he owned three different 
 houses and other lotS in Middleburg; he died in 1846, and his widow in 1849; 
 they are buried in the old Lutheran graveyard at Hagerstown, Md. They had 
 & family of twelve children, nine of whom lived to be grown: Simon, Elias D. , 
 Nathan H., Elizabeth L., Jacob B., Catherine J., Anna Maria, Indiana D. 
 and George W. The subject of this sketch was reared to the life of a farmer, 
 and obtained his education in the Middleburg schools. After his parents' 
 death he lived vrith his brother Jacob, and sister Anna Maria, who continued 
 tihe hotel and managed the farm. December 20, 1871, he was married to Miss 
 Ann Eliza Hartman, daughter of Charles and Susan (Myers) Hartman, very 
 «arly settlers in Antrim Township, Franklin County. The Hartmans were 
 from Lehigh County; the grandparents of Mrs. Brumbaugh were born there; 
 they were Charles and Elizabeth (Lowery) Hartman. The grandparents of 
 
702 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Mrs. Brumbaugh on the Myers side were Jacob and Susan (Zent) Myers. 
 Charles and Susan (Myers) Hartman had eight children, three living: Hamil- 
 ton Van Dyke, Ann Eliza and Susan Zent. Charles Hartman was a very 
 prominent member of the Eeformed Church, holding official positions in the 
 church and serving it in some way nearly all his life. He was also prominent 
 in politics, a Democrat, and served Greencastle as its burgass, and in other 
 local offices. He died in 1864, his widow in 1879; they are buried side by side 
 in the Beformed Church graveyard at Greencastle. He had been a resident 
 of the place fifty-six years. After our subject's marriage, in the spring of 
 1872 he moved to Greencastle and commenced keeping house in the old home- 
 stead of his wife' s parents, where he has jesided up to date. Previous to this, 
 and up to this time, Mr. Brumbaugh has been handling stock, in which he has 
 been successful. In politics he is a Democrat; has served as town councilman 
 and in other local offices. Although not a member, he is the treasurer of the 
 Reformed Church, of which Mrs. Brumbaugh is a member. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Brumbaugh have one child, Susan Wolff, born January 29, 1875. 
 
 ADAM CAEL, M. D. , Greencastle, was born December 16, 1800, at Han- 
 over, York Co., Penn., son of George and Catherine (Diller) Carl, the for- 
 mer a native oi York County, and the latter of near Carlisle, Cumberland 
 C. , Penn. The Doctor's father, who was a farmer in York County, died 
 while the Doctor was quite young, and he was taken by his brother, with 
 whom he lived. He obtained his literary education in the schools of Hanover, 
 and whUe a young man he became a clerk in an apothecary store in Carlisle. 
 In the meantime he had become interested in medicine, and decided to adopt 
 that profession as his life calling, and when twenty-four years of age became a 
 student of Dr. James Henry Miller, at Baltimore, Md. , who was professor of 
 the theory and practice of medicine in Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 
 where he graduated in March, 1829. The Doctor came to Greencastle in 1825, 
 and started a drug store the same year on South Carlisle Street, in the house now 
 occupied by Dr. Nowell. In May of same year he married Ann Maria Michael, 
 a native of Hanover, and a daughter of John and Catherine (Beltz) Michael. By 
 this union there were seven children : William M. , born May 22, 1826 (died aged 
 forty-six); John, born February 19, 1828; George Davison, born June 15, 
 1830; Charles H., bom June 5, 1832 (died aged three years); Xavier Bichat, 
 born December 19, 1836 (died aged one year); Henrietta J., born April 11, 
 1838, and Mary Ellen, bom March 1, 1843, wife of Dr. F. A. Bushey. Dr. 
 Carl, on the death of his wife, July 6, 1848, married in 1849 Mrs. Susan 
 Moore, a sister of his first wife; she died in 1874. The Doctor is a member 
 of the Lutheran Church at Greencastle. He has been in constant practice of 
 his profession in this place for fifty-eight years, but the last three or four years 
 has attended only upon special old patients, or in consultation. He served his 
 church as deacon for several years, and as an elder for over fifty years. The 
 Doctor was here during the invasion of Lee, and on the enemy's retreat ta 
 Virginia treated many of their wounded while passing through Greencastle. 
 When he first settled he had a large practice, extending fifteen miles in all 
 directions from Greencastle, his visits all being made on horseback. 
 
 Geoege Davison Cabl, a son of Dr. Adam Carl, a native of Greencastle, 
 obtained his literary education at the Pennsylvania CoUege, at Gettysburg, and 
 began reading medicine in 1851 with his father, subsequently attending one 
 session at Jefferson Medical College, and afterward graduating at Pennsylvania 
 Medical College, Philadelphia, in the spring of 1855. The same year he began 
 the practice of his profession at Greencastle. 
 
 EEV. CYETJS CORT. The Cort family originated in Westphalia, Prus- 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 703 
 
 sia. The first coming to America was John Yost Curth or Kurth, who was then 
 twenty years old; he emigrated, and in 1758 located near Hagerstown, Md., 
 and married Margaret Kemmerer. He was a farmer and was remarkable for 
 his unaffected piety, was a member of the Keformed Church, and during early 
 times had charge of blockhouses for defense against the Indians, in West- 
 moreland County, where he moved previous to the Revolution. He had three 
 sons and iowr daughters. Daniel Kort, one of his sons, was born March 5, 
 1780, in Westmoreland County, and was married to Elizabeth Turney, an aunt 
 to the present congressman from that district. They had seven sons and seven 
 daughters, all of whom lived until their majority, and all but one was married. 
 Daniel was a substantial farmer, prominent in his section, and a consistent 
 member of the Reformed Church. Joseph Cort was the eldest son of the last 
 named family, born November 5, 1805; he married Mary Skelly, a daughter of 
 William and Elizabeth (Byerly) Skelly, and a granddaughter of Andrew Byerly, 
 the founder of Byerly Station, at Bushey Run, in Westmoreland County (this 
 was where the battle of Bushey Run was fought under Col. Henry Bouquet). 
 Mrs. SkeUy's father, Jacob Byerly, was but three years old when the family 
 were obliged to flee to Fort Ligonier to escape the Indians (the father' being 
 absent at the time). The mother mounted a horse with a young babe in her 
 arms and a child one and a half years old tied to her back, and the other chil- 
 dren, all small, walked and ran some thirty miles, and just barely escaped in- 
 side the fort, the Indians firing at them as they went inside. Joseph Cort and 
 his wife, Mary (Skelly) Cort, had a family of six children. He lived at Greens- 
 burg, Westmoreland County, and was engaged for many years in merchandis- 
 ing, and publishing the Pennsylvania Argus, a prominent Democratic organ. 
 He, in 1845, sold out his business in town, and moved on to his farm near 
 Irwin Station, and became one of the founders of that place; he now resides at 
 Irwin Station. His wife died in 1843, and in 1844 he married his present wife, 
 nee Fanny Rhodes, by whom there were seven children. Jacob Byerly, great- 
 grandfather of Rev. Cyrus Cort, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and 
 served principally on the western frontier at Fort Pitt and vicinity. He lived 
 to be ninety- nine years old, and died in 1857 or 1858; he is biuied in Brush 
 Creek graveyard, near Manor Station, Westmoreland County, under a largo 
 military monument; by his side lies buried, under another large monument, his 
 son Joseph, a soldier of the war of 1812. Maj. Andrew Byerly, who com- 
 manded troops, guarding Perry' s fleet, when his ships were being built at Erie, 
 and Lieut. Benjamin Byerly, who afterward was sheriff and representative 
 from Westmoreland County, were also soris of Jacob Byerly. 
 
 Rev. Cyetts Coet was born March 15, 1834, at Greensburg, a son of 
 Joseph and Mary (Skelly) Cort, and was reared principally amid the life usu- 
 ally found among the substantial and best farmers. At the age of twenty he 
 became a student at Irwin Station Academy for one year, then at Turtle Creek 
 Academy one. year, and in 1856 he became a member of the freshman class at 
 Franklin and Marshall College, and was graduated there li 1860, taking the 
 highest scholarship honor of his class, delivering the Marsha,;! oration on grad- 
 uating day. The next two years he spent in the study of theology at the- 
 Theological Seminary at Mercersburg, under the presidency of the Rev. Dr. 
 Philip Schaff, and was graduated from that institution in 1862. In Septem- 
 ber, 1862, shortly after leaving the seminary, in response to the call made by 
 Gov. Curtin for 50,000 emergency men, he raised a company of Westmoreland 
 yeomanry, was elected captain, and brought them as far as Harrisburg, but the 
 emergency having passed, caused by Lee' s invasion of Maryland, and the bat- 
 tle of Antietam, they were sent back to their homes without getting into act- 
 
^04 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 nal service. A few days later he was licensed to preach the Gospel by the 
 Classis of the Eeformed Church in Westmoreland County, and began his min- 
 istry as missionary pastor at Altoona, Penn. After four years of hard labor he 
 succeeded in getting together a congregation of 100, and built a fine two-story 
 Gothic sandstone church edifice. Since then he has labored thirteen years in 
 missionary work in Illinois and Iowa, holding the chair of languages at Henry 
 Seminary, 111., for two years, and the rest of the time was missionary pastor 
 of the congregations near Vinton, Maquoketa, etc., Iowa; during this time he 
 also for seven years edited and published a monthly religious periodical called 
 the Reformed Missionary. June 1, 1881, Mr. Cort became the pastor of the 
 Eeformed churches at Greencastle and Middleburg, Penn. ; besides the labor of 
 attending to his large pastoral charge of 340 members, he has taken great 
 interest in historical matters; was prominent in securing the centennial cele- 
 bration, July 4, 1882, of the founding of Greencastle. A few weeks later he 
 delivered an eloquent address that was afterward published widely, on the 
 burning of Hannastown (burnt by Indians July 13, 1782). August 6, 1883, 
 he was largely instrumental in securing the celebration of Col. Bouquet's vic- 
 tory at Bushey Run, on the occasion of the 121st anniversary, also delivering 
 the principal address, 15,000 people being present. In 1884 he too^. an active 
 part in the centennial celebration of the organization of Franklin County, and 
 was chairman of the Antrim Township centennial committee, and April 22, same 
 year, at above convention at Chambersburg, was appointed chairman of the 
 Enoch Brown memorial committee, and August 4, 1885, the monument was 
 dedicated with imposing ceremonies, at which time he delivered the presenta- 
 tion and dedicatory speech. He has edited and published the "Bouquet and 
 BrowD Memorial Volume," giving an account of different centennial celebra- 
 tions, Enoch Brown' s monument and others, in which he has personally taken 
 part. The book has met with great favor among historians and literary peo- 
 ple. June 20, 1886, he delivered the address at the re-interment of the 
 remains of Corp. Eihl, the first Union soldier killed on Northern soil, on 
 the site of the monument now being erected. Eecently he was appointed by 
 the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, of Philadelphia, to furnish data for 
 an archaeological map of the water-sheds of the Delaware, Susquehanna and 
 Potomac Rivers, and has already furnished considerable matter relating to 
 Indian mounds, graves, relics, etc. , found in this region, to this society. Mr. 
 Cort was married. May 1, 1866, to Susan M. Patterson, daughter of William 
 and Sarah (Fegley) Patterson, and they have had six children, four now living: 
 Paul L. , Ambrose, Sarah Agnes and Ralph Bduquet. Mr. Cort is a regular 
 correspondent and writer of literary articles and reviews for different maga- 
 zines and periodicals, chiefly in prose, but has, on several occasions, written 
 poems that have been widely circulated, such as "Response to the Blue Juni- 
 ata," "They Have Called Me Back from the Golden Gates," the last words of 
 Dr. Henry Harbaugh, etc. 
 
 J. B. CROWELL, president of the Crowell Manufacturing Company, 
 Greencastle, was born in Franklin Township, Adams Co., Penn., in March, 
 1817. When nineteen he learned the business of a bricklayer and builder, and 
 carried on the building business in Greencastle for ten years. In 1850 he 
 boug'ht out the interest of Mr. Chappel in the foundry business in Greencastle, 
 and in company with Mr. Bradley, under the firm name of Bradley & Crowell, 
 carried on the foundry business on a limited scale, manufacturing plows, stoves 
 and farm beUs, and general castings used in the country. They continued 
 thus until 1857, when they took in as partner Mr. J. F. Keller, and the firm 
 became Bradley, Crowell & Keller, and continued thus until 1861, At that 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 705 
 
 time they began manufacturing grain drills, namely: the Willoughby drill, 
 which proved a success in the market. June 26, 1860, the firm's buildings 
 and plant, including the manufactured goods, were burned, entailing a loss of 
 18,000 or 110,000. The next morning, by the energy of Mr. Crowell, sheds 
 were erected in which to carry on their business and supply their trade. Tn 
 the spring of 1861 Mr. Crowell bought his partners' interests in the entire 
 plant, and the same spring located oa, the site now occupied by the Crowell 
 Manufacturing Company, and began the manufacture of sashes, doors and 
 blinds, dealing in lumber and general contracting and building, running a 
 steam saw-mill, and also bought out the interest of Mr. Austin of the firm of 
 Austin & Davison. At this time he also moved his foundry for the manufac- 
 ture of agricultural implements, especially the Willoughby grain drill, with 
 J. B. Crowell' s fertilizer attachment, which was very popular in its day, as 
 well as com-shellers, rakes, etc., to the same place. The firm was then 
 Crowell & Davison, which continued until the fall of 1869. Mr. Jacob Dear- 
 dorf then bought of Mr. Davison a one-quarter interest, and the following 
 spring Mr. Crowell bought the other quarter interest from Mr. Wm. H. Davison, 
 thus acquiring a three-quarters interest. The firm then became known as the 
 Crowell Manufacturing Company. In June, 1875, the sash, door and blind 
 factory, saw mill, fouridry and general stock stable and office were all destroyed 
 by fire, involving a loss of $30,000; insurance 16,000. They immediately 
 erected temporary buildings and started again, however. About 1875 or 1876, 
 a nephew, Joseph E. Crowell, bought a one-quarter interest, and in 1879 the 
 firm became known as J. B. Crowell & Co., and was chartered as a stock 
 company, with a capital of $65,000, and continued until December, 1882; then 
 the affairs of the company were closed out by the sale of the Crowell Manu- 
 facturing Company, and the capital stock increased to $200,000. Mr. Crowell 
 was the president of the first stock company and of the last, and has always 
 given his personal attention to the entire business, which gave employment at 
 one time to over 200 hands. Mr. Crowell is a self-made man, never receiving 
 & legacy at any time, and his success is due entirely to his own perseverance 
 and energy. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church for forty 
 years, and trustee for a number of years. He married, in 1845, Margaret M. 
 Miller, daughter of Margaret and James Miller, of Perry County, Penn. 
 
 JAMES KING DAVIDSON, M. D. and president of the First National 
 Bank, Greencastle. The progenitors of this gentleman were of Scotch-Irish 
 origin. The founder of the family in Franklin County was Elias Davidson, 
 born in 1736, and who located in the southeastern part of Antrim Township, 
 this county, about 1760, where he took up a large tract of land, on which he 
 lived, and where he was engaged in farming the balance of his life. He was 
 of the Presbyterian faith, and served as one of the first elders of that church 
 in this township. He was an honored and prominent man among the early set- 
 tlers of his vicinity, and served in several offices of public trust. He married, 
 March 19, 1771, Agnes McDowell, bom September 9, 1740, a daughter of 
 Maj. John McDowell, a prominent and influential citizen, by whom was born 
 a family of children. Elias Davidson died April 15, 1806, and his wife 
 June 9, 1790 ; they are buried on the old home farm. One of the sons of the above 
 was John McDowell Davidson, born in Antrim Township, this county, Janu- 
 ary 4, 1772. He succeeded to a good portion of his father's estate, and like 
 him always followed agricultural pursuits. He was married twice, first to a 
 Miss Maxwell, of Montgomery Township, this county; she died leaving a 
 family of several children, and VLr. Davidson then married Miss Mary Mc- 
 Laughlin, a daughter of James H. and Mary McLaughlin, by which union 
 
706 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 there were three children: James King Davidson, whose name heads this 
 sketch, Mary A. E. and George H. Davidson. (The last two were twins; Mary 
 A. E.' Davidson died March 9, 1885.) John McDowell Davidson died 
 January 5, 1811, his widow January 28, 1851, and they are buried, he on the 
 old farm, and she in Cedar Hill Cemetery, near Greencastle. They were 
 members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he was an elder for many 
 
 years. 
 
 Jambs King Davidson was born in Antrim Township, this county, four 
 miles southeast of Greencastle, February 10, 1810, and he passed his earlier 
 vears in Greencastle, in the meantime receiving the education the schools of 
 the town and vicinity afforded, and where, subsequently, he prosecuted his 
 studies, preparatory to becoming a student at Dickinson College, where he 
 gi'aduated before his twentieth year. Soon afterward he began the reading 
 of medicine in the office of Dr. John McClellan, of Greencastle, and gradua- 
 ted at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1833. After leaving col- 
 lege he practiced his profession at McConnellsburg, Bedford Co., Penn., for 
 one year; then emigrated West and located at Shelbyville, Shelby Co., Ind. 
 In 1830 he returned to Greencastle, and for some six years was engaged in mer- 
 chandising and farming, but resumed the practice of his profession in 1842, 
 and has continued in the same up to the present time, though for the past few 
 years he has partially retired. For the past fifty years the Doctor has been 
 closely and prominently identified with the social and public enterprise of the 
 borough of Greencastle and vicinity. The Doctor is a ruling elder in the 
 Presbyterian Church, to which office he was elected in 1846, under the pas- 
 torate of the Rev. T. V. Moore. He was one of the charter members in or- 
 ganizing the First National Bank of Greencastle, acted as director some years, 
 and is now its president; has served many years on the board of education; 
 in politics a Whig and Republican. The Doctor was married November 22, 
 1836, to Martha M. Robison, of Antrim Township, this county, a daughter 
 of Robert Robison, a prominent farmer of that township, whose ancestors 
 from County Antrim, Ireland, settling in this township at the same time as the 
 Davidsons. They were also Presbyterians, and Robert Robison and John Mc- 
 Dowell Davidson were both ordained as elders of that church at the same time. 
 
 THE DAVISON FAMILY. The progenitors of this old Franklin County 
 family were of Scotch-Irish and Welsh extraction. The first of the family, 
 William Davison, settled in Antrim Township about the year 1757. The grand- 
 father of William G. Davison (the subject proper of this sketch), Joseph Davison, 
 was a son of the first settler, and was born in Adams County, Perm., in 1754; 
 was a farmer all his life, and died May 13, 1842. The family were all Presby- 
 terians of the most pronounced type. A son of Joseph, named Hugh, was a 
 colonel in the war of 1812, and was actively engaged throughout that contest. 
 Joseph first married a Miss Margaret Brown, by whom there were several chil- 
 dren. She died and he afterward married a Miss Margaret Robison, by whom 
 there were two children, Abraham Smith Davison and Andrew Davison, the 
 latter of whom removed to Greensburg, Ind. , in 1823, after being admitted to 
 practice law at Chambersburg, Penn. He became one of the judges of the 
 supreme court of Indiana; he died about 1869. Abraham Smith Davison 
 was born in Antrim Township, this county, in 1802. He was a prominent 
 farmer of the township, and an active politician; worked for his party and once 
 was a candidate on the ticket for sheriff. He married Sarah Latta, who bore 
 him seven children. He died in 1854; his widow still lives at Greencastle with 
 her son, William G. , aged about eighty years. Three sons of this family served 
 on the Union side in the war of the Rebellion. Joseph A. enlisted in 1861, 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 707 
 
 in Company D, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, and served for three years. He 
 was first orderly sergeant and later was promoted to first lieutenant, then cap- 
 tain, then major, and breveted a lieutenant-colonel at the close of the war. 
 He died at Greencastle in May, 1879, leaving a widow and four children. An- 
 drew E. joined, in July, 1862, Company K, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth 
 Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, as first lieutenant, and soon after- 
 ward was promoted to the captaincy, and served nine months. In August, 
 1864, he became adjutant of the Two Hundred and Ninth Regiment Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteer Infantry, and served until June, 1865. He is now cashier of 
 the First National Bank of Brownville, Neb. James H. Davison served as 
 sergeant in the Twenty- second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, 
 three months, and in 1864 re enlisted and served until the close of the war! 
 He is now in the grocery business in Altoona, Penn. William G. , youngest 
 son of this family, was born in 1849, in Antrim Township, this county, and 
 when fifteen he became a clerk in a store at Greencastle. In 1878 he began 
 his present grain, coal and lumber business, as the active member of the firm 
 of J. Stouffer Snively & Co. This firm does an average business of upward 
 of $100,000 per annum, and is one of the most important business enterprises 
 of the place. Mr. Davison is a Republican in politics, and takes an active in- 
 terest in the welfare of his party. He has served his vicinity in various posi- 
 tions of trust, such as councilman, school director, etc. He is a member of 
 the K. of H. and American Legion of Honor, and a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church. He married, in September, 1876, Martha J. Detrich, a 
 daughter of Gen. David Detrich, of Greencastle, and they have two children: 
 Charlotte Isabel and Mary Jean. 
 
 JOSEPH A. DAVISON, soldier and merchant, was born in Antrim Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co. , Penn., January 13, 1838. William Davison came from 
 Wales and settled in Adams County, Penn. , where his son Joseph was born 
 January 9, 1754. In 1757 the family removed to Antrim Township. Joseph 
 Davison married Margaret Robinson in 1798. They had two sons, namely, 
 Andrew Davison, born in 1799, and Abraham Smith Davison born in 1802. 
 The latter married Sarah Latta, and the first born son was the subject of this 
 sketch. He received his education in the public schools, except that he spent 
 one year at the select school of Rev. James Kennedy, at Chambersburg. He 
 began his business life as a clerk in a general store at Chambersburg, after- 
 ward sold dry goods at Pittsburgh, and was thus engaged at the breaking out 
 of the Rebellion, when he entered the army. Upon returning from the war he 
 married, November 10, 1864, Anna M. Taylor, of Chambersburg. After this 
 he resided at Greencastle, engaged with Schafhirt & Imbrie, warehousemen, 
 and subsequently in the same business as a member of the firm of J. A. Davi- 
 son & Co. He entered the service April 24, 1861, as first sergeant of Capt. 
 Dixon's Company D, Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, a company re- 
 cruited in Franklin County. This regiment in the beginning was attached to 
 the Third (Ord's) Brigade of McCauU's division Pennsylvania Reserves; after- 
 ward to the First Brigade, Reserve Division Fifth Army Corps. The regiment 
 was in camp at Harrisburg, drilling iintil July 11. From the 12th to the 22d 
 it lay at Greencastle. On the 22d it was moved by rail to Washington, and thence 
 to Tennallytown, Gen. McCauU's headquarters; at this time it was reported 
 very well drilled. Then came the battle of Dranesville, won by the Reserves, 
 the first success of the Union arms. Transported by water from McDowell's 
 command below Washington, to aid McClellan on the Peninsula, the Reserves 
 arrived at the White House June 14, 1862, in time for the division to participate 
 in the "seven days' battle" in front of Richmond. In fact, however, the 
 
708 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Sixth Reserves were detained at Tunstall's Station and White House until they 
 embarked and sailed via Fortress Monroe and James Eiver to Harrison's Land- 
 ing, arriving July 1. Here, August 1, 1862, Sergt. Davison was promoted 
 to first lieutenBnt. August 14, the Reserves left the Peninsula, and Lieut. 
 Davison saw war in its sternest aspect on the field of second Bull Eun. His 
 regiment was hotly engaged at South Mountain, and helped win the field 
 of Antietam, but at this time he was languishing with severe ilhiess. Fight- 
 ing under Franklin on the left at Fredericksburg, the regiment lost one-third 
 of its entire number. Arriving at Gettysburg at 2 P. M. July 2, 1863, Lieut. 
 Davison charged with his regiment from Little Round Top. September 19, 
 the regiment was lying at Culpeper Court House, and there, Capt. Dixon 
 having become lieutenant-colonel, Joseph A. Davison was made captain of 
 Company D. May 5, 1864, the Wilderness campaign opened; on this day and 
 the next, the Sixth was actively engaged, as it was during the several days' 
 struggle at Spottsylvania Court House. In the terrific fighting at Spottsylva- 
 nia on the 8th it was heavily engaged nearly the entire day. Capt. Davison 
 was made brevet major "for gallant conduct at the battle of the Wilderness," 
 and brevet lieutenant-colonel ' ' for gallant conduct at the battle of Spottsylva- 
 nia Court House. " He became brigade inspector of the First Brigade. At 
 Bethesda Church; on the last day of its term of service, the Sixth, now only 
 about 150 strong, captured 102 prisoners, and buried a large number of the 
 enemy' s dead who fell in its immediate front, fortune permitting so glorious 
 an ending to a career begun with victory at Dranesville. On June 11, 1864, 
 Capt. Davison was mustered out with his regiment at Harrisburg. During 
 three years of service he was constantly in the field, participated with his regi- 
 ment in all its marches and battles, so that its history is his war record. He 
 was a soldier without fear and without reproach. His companions in arms say 
 of him that, above all, he was a cheerful soldier, on the march untiring. He 
 was modest, unselfish, kind and true, and, in consequence, greatly beloved by 
 his comrades and neighbors. He died at Greencastle May 26, 1879, at the 
 age of forty-one years. 
 
 W. H. DAVISON (deceased) was born November 2, 1836, in Antrim Town- 
 ship, this county, son of Andrew and Sarah (Brown) Davison. He raised a 
 portion of Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teer Infantry, and on their being mustered in at Harrisburg was commissioned 
 captain; he served nine months, was at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, 
 part of the time inspecting officer of Tyler' s brigade. He came home in bad 
 health, and died in 1875, leaving a widow and five children. 
 
 John B. Davison (deceased) was born in Antrim Township, this county, in 
 August, 1841, a son of Andrew and Sarah (Brown) Davison. He enlisted in 
 August, 1862, in Company K, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served nine months. He participated in the 
 celebrated charge of Tyler's brigade at Fredericksburg, and also in the fight 
 at Chancellorsville; he died in March, 1882, leaving a widow and six children. 
 
 Joseph R. Davison, dealer in grain, etc. , Greencastle, was bom on the old 
 Davison homestead in Antrim Township, this county, November 9, 1843, and 
 is a son of Andrew and Sarah (Brown) Davison. He was educated in Antrim 
 Township schools, and afterward attended one year at Fayetteville Academy, 
 in this county, and graduated at the Iron City Commercial College. He en- 
 listed at the age of nineteen, in August, 1863, in an independent cavalry com- 
 pany, commanded by Lieut. C. L. Mercereau, and was mustered into the 
 United States service in August, 1863. This service lasted six months and he 
 afterward enlisted, in September, 1864, in the Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cav- 
 
ANTEIM TOWNSHIP. 709 
 
 airy, and served until the close of the war, being mustered out at Harrisbure 
 ™ ''rX' i?^^; He participated in the engagement at Poplar Grove Church, 
 Virginia, Boydton Plank Road or Hatcher's Run, the fight at Five Forks and at 
 Appomattox Court House, at the surrender of Lee. Mr. Davison was a dis- 
 patch bearer for Lieut. -Gen. Sheridan throughout this entire campaign, and at 
 Five Forks, while our troops were making a charge, saw Gen. Sheridan snatch 
 the colors and lead the charge in person; and when Gen. Gordan first came 
 from Lee to arrange for a suspension of hostilities, pending the surrender of 
 Lee, Mr. Davison was the only person who accompanied Sheridan across the 
 field to meet him; he was also on duty only a hundred yards or so away from 
 Grant and Lee, when the famous surrender was made. On leaving the service 
 Mr. Davison returned home, and in 1879 began his present business of deal- 
 ing in grain, coal, lumber, fertilizers, etc. , and does a business amounting to from 
 $40,000 to $50,000 per annum. He is Deputy Grand Commander, L. of H. . a 
 member of the K. of H., and of the G. A. R., and has been Post Commander 
 of Corporal Rihl Post, No. 438, since its organization. He is a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church, and one of the board of trustees. He is a Republican, 
 has served as councilman two terms, township clerk one term. He was mar- 
 ried May 23, 1871, to Miss Laura V. Wampler, of Chambersburg, a daughter 
 of Lewis Wampler, and they have two children: Guy W. and William R. 
 
 DETRICH FAMILY. Lewis Detrich, a native of Germany, was a drum- 
 mer during the Revolutionary war, in the patriot army, and at the termination 
 of that struggle he settled in Lancaster County, Perm., where some of his 
 children were born. He settled in Franklin County, about one mile north of 
 Greencastle, sometime previous to 1800. His wife's name was Julia Ann Gur- 
 shurt, by whom he had thirteen children. He lived for many years about half 
 way between Greencastle and St. Thomas, on Back Creek, where he died in 
 1819; his widow died in 1832. She was a remarkably resolute woman, and 
 when eighty years old walked nine mUes to visit her children, wading the 
 creeks on the way. The Detrichs of Franklin County, with few exceptions, 
 spring from this couple. Lewis Detrich was a thoroughly educated German 
 scholar; was not a member of any church, being very liberal in his religious 
 views, and none of his family up to his death belonged to any church. They 
 afterward, however, nearly all became members of the Reformed Church. 
 
 Christian Detrich, the third or fourth child of the above named, was born 
 in 1781, in Lancaster County, Penn. , and coming to this county with his par- 
 ents when quite young, he was married in 1806 to Susannah Statler. He 
 was a farmer and lived four miles northwest of Greencastle, on Conococheague 
 Creek, and in 1833 or 1834 moved to Greencastle, where he died in 1855. 
 His first wife died in 1824, leaving nine children, and he then married a Mrs. 
 Byers, by whom there were no children. He was for many years a member of 
 the Reformed Church, and served as a captain of a militia company for 
 seven years, having served about the same time as a lieutenant; he was also a 
 justice of the peace several years. 
 
 Gen. David Detrich, a son of Christian and Susannah (Statler) Detrich, 
 was born August 26, 1807, in Antrim Township, this county. When young he 
 learned the cabinet and undertaking trade, and after completing this appren- 
 ticeship, he began business in 1829 at Greencastle, in which he remained fifty- 
 three years, during which time he assisted in making coffins for 3,830 persons. 
 He began with very little means, but has accumulated during his long life a 
 comfortable competence. He was early identified with the militia of the State, 
 and when twenty-eight years old was commissioned first lieutenant of the 
 Sixth Company, Twenty- sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia; two years after- 
 
710 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ward he was appointed adjutant of the Sixth Eegiment, and a short time after- 
 ward was promoted major of the Second Battalion of the Sixth Eegiment, for 
 seven years, and in 1835 was commissioned colonel of the Sixth Regiment for 
 seven years. In 1842 he was made brigade inspector of the Second Brigade, 
 Eleventh Division of Pennsylvania Militia, also for seven years. He was then, 
 in 1849, elected and commissioned brigadier-general of the Pennsylvania Vol- 
 tmteers'for Franklin County; served five years; in 1854 was re elected for five 
 years; was, three years, member of Gov. Johnson's staff, and closed his connec- 
 tion with the military in 1859, having been identified with it without inter- 
 mission for a period of thirty-one years. In 1871 he was elected director of 
 the poor of Franklin County by 600 majority, on the Republican ticket. He 
 always, as long as his health permitted, took an active part in the local politics 
 of the day, having served his vicinity in various positions of trust and honor, 
 such as burgess, councilman, school director, etc. He became connected with 
 the Presbyterian Church in 1826, and has been an elder of the same for twenty- 
 seven years; was the leader of the choir for forty years; superintendent of the 
 union Sunday-school in the township for thirty years; and was superintendent 
 of the Sunday-school connected with his own church in town, twenty-seven 
 years; was an attendant at twenty-two meetings of the synod, and was also 
 elected a member of the general assembly of the church, which met at Balti- 
 more in 1873. Gen. Detrich was married to Margaret Cornman in 1831; she 
 died in 1839, leaving three children, only one living — Ellen, now wife of 
 Charles RuthraufF. He then married, in 1841, Margaret Davison, who still 
 lives, and they have had four children: Martha married William G. Davi- 
 son; Marshall, who was a soldier in the civil war, enlisted as a private when 
 but seventeen, for nine months, was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg 
 (when his time was out he re-enlisted and served until the close of the war, and 
 was mustered out as lieutenant of cavalry. He served as clerk in the surveyor- 
 general' s office of Pennsylvania for some time, and during the riots at Will- 
 iamsport he was sent on active duty there, as the governor' s aid, ranking as col- 
 onel. While there he contracted a cold, from the effects of which he died in 
 1874); William D., the third child, lives with his father; and a daughter, the 
 fourth child, died, aged twenty years. The General has been afflicted with 
 cataract of the eyes, making him almost entirely blind, although his health 
 otherwise Is good. 
 
 JAMES C. EACHUS, clerk at the "Crowell House," was born in Green- 
 castle, this county, September 17, 1842, and is a son of Phineas and Harriet 
 (Stine) Eachus. He was educated in the schools of Greencastle, and was a 
 clerk in the store of Prather & Kreps of Greencastle, when in August, 1862, he 
 volunteered as a soldier in the war for the Union, enlisting in Company K, 
 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 
 for nine months. He served in the Army of the Potomac until the termina- 
 tion of his term of enlistment, and soon afterward located at Pittsburgh. He 
 was married December 20, 1870, to Susan A. , daughter of Lazarus and Susan 
 (Brewer) Kennedy. Mr, Eachus resided in Pittsburgh, Penn., three years 
 after his marriage; then returned to Antrim Township, where he has resided 
 ever since. Mr. and Mrs. Eachus have one child, Charlotte, born December 
 13, 1873. 
 
 JEREMIAH EBBERT, farmer, Greencastle. Jacob Ebbert, grandfather 
 of our subject, came to Jhis county at a very early date, and settled west of 
 Conococheague Creek, near the old Kennedy farm, and died on that place; his 
 widow died at the residence of his son John, who lived on the old Prather 
 homestead, south of Greencastle, in 1825; this place, consisting of 200 acres,he 
 
ANTBIM TOWNSHIP. 7U 
 
 afterward bought, and it is still owned by the family. John Ebbert died in 
 1861, aged seventy-nine; his widow, who was a Miss Elizabeth Yous, died in 
 1867, aged sixty-seven; they had a family of nine children, six of whom are 
 living: Joann; Anna Maria, widow of Andrew J. Kline; Jeremiah; Samuel; 
 Catherine L. and Sarah J. Jacob Ebbert and wife were buried near Conoco- 
 cheague Creek, and the father and mother of Jeremiah Ebbert were buried in 
 Cedar Hill Cemetery at Greencastle. They were Lutherans. Jeremiah Eb- 
 bert was born March 13, 1824, near Greencastle, on the old Prather homestead, 
 and was married December 7, 1871, to Jennie Mechesney, a daughter of James 
 and Susan (Milhuf) Mechesney, the former a son of James and Jane (Buchanan) 
 Mechesney, who was a cousin to James Buchanan, ex-President of the United 
 States. James Mechesney and Jane Bachanan were married near Greencastle 
 in 1799. James and SuSan (Milhuf) Mechesney now live in Westmoreland 
 County, Penn. ; they were natives, the first of Westmoreland County, Penn. , 
 and the latter of this county. The former's parents, natives of Tyrone, feeland 
 moved from this county in 1799, to Unity Township, near Greensburg, West- 
 moreland County. The grandfather died in 1853, aged eighty-three, the grand- 
 mother in 1857, aged eighty-eight, and they are buried in Unity Cemetery. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Jeremiah Ebbert had six children: James Mechesney, John Davidson 
 Albert Everett, Susan Milhuf, Lizzie Yous, Jeremiah Watson, and two that 
 died in infancy. Mrs. Ebbert was formerly a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church, now a Lutheran; Mr. Ebbert of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 Eev. John Ebbert was a son of John and Elizabeth (Yous) Ebbert. He 
 married Maggie Rupert, from Huntingdon County ; he was a Lutheran minister 
 and officiated in Huntingdon County, Penn. , and in other places ; afterward 
 went to Lucas County, Iowa, and while in charge of a congregation at Russell 
 Station, died in 1867, agfed about thirty-five; he was brought home and buried 
 in Cedar Hill Cemetery. 
 
 WILLIAM WALLACE FLEMING, retired, Greencastle. Archibald Flem- 
 ing, grandfather of William Wallace Fleming, was a native of County Antrim, 
 Ireland, and came to this country about 1750-54, settling in Cochransville, 
 Chester Co., Penn., where he kept a store. He raised a company of soldiers 
 in Chester County, of which he was made captain; served in the Revolu- 
 tionary war on the patriot side. He came to Shippensburg, Penn. , about 1780, 
 where he kept store, and afterward moved to Ciroleville, Ohio, where he. died. 
 The children of Archibald and Jane Fleming were John, born in November, 
 1769, died at Foit Smith, Ark., in 1837; Ann, born in July, 1771, died at 
 Shippensburg, Penn. ; Jane, born in September, 1773, died at Covington, Ind. ; 
 James Cannon, born in August, 1776, died at Lexington, Ky. ; Martha, born 
 in March, 1779, died in Zanesville, Ohio; Archibald, father of our subject,, 
 born in Shippensburg, April 23, 1783. He, Archibald, came to Chambersburg 
 with an aunt, Martha Wallace, when but ten years of age, and remained there 
 until 1810, when he came to Greencastle. He was a surveyor and civil engineer, 
 and served as county surveyor for ten years, from 1812-22 ; in 1823 he was elected 
 «herifp of the county, which office he held for three years, after which he was 
 appointed, by the governor, inspector of the state roads in this county, a posi- 
 tion he held for two years, 1827-28. He lived in Chambersburg until 1834 when 
 he purchased a farm a short distance from Greencastle and moved to it. He 
 was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. He married in June, 1810, Miss 
 Eva Stahl, and by her had seven children: William Wallace; Mary A., 
 residing on the old homestead; Jacob Stahl, married to Sarah Kisecker, in Up- 
 ton, Penn., (they have two children: Alice, married to Dr. William Noble, also 
 living in Upton, and Luther B. , in Greencastle, married to Georgie Hostet- 
 
7 12 BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES : 
 
 ter); Eliza Jane, on the old homstead; John (deceased); James Archibald, 
 single and living on the old homestead; and Blair Speer, also on the old place. 
 The mother of this family died in 1865 and the father in 1869. They are 
 buried side by side, in Moss Spring Cemetery. William "Wallace Fleming 
 was born in April, 1811, in Greencastle, son of Archibald and Eva (Stahl) 
 Fleming, was reared to the business of a farmer, and received a good common- 
 school education. He was married December 10, 1844, to Elizabeth A. Ran- 
 kin, daughter of Andrew B. and Margaret (Ritchey) Rankin. Andrew B. Ran- 
 kin was one of the prominent and influential politicians of the county. He 
 was a Whig, afterward a Republican, and served the township as justice of 
 the peace for upward of fifty years. He was president of the Waynesboro, 
 Greencastle and Mercersburg Turnpike Company at the time of his death 
 From his early manhood he took an active part in every practical movement 
 for the improvement of his native town, and his hand, more perhaps than any 
 other, regulated its municipal affairs. He was born in 1791 and died in 1875. 
 His wife Margaret (Ritchey) Rankin, was born in 1794 and died in 1874, and 
 both lie buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery, The children of Andrew B. and 
 Margaret Rankin were Ann B., married to David F. Robinson, afterward 
 member of Congress, and now deceased; William, a noted criminal lavyyer and 
 judge of Columbus, Ohio, now deceased; Elizabeth A., married to William W. 
 Fleming, and living in Greencastle; Andrew N., living on Long Island, N. 
 Y. ; Margaret J., married to John Ruthrauff, and living in Greencastle; Ed- 
 mond D. (deceased) ; Martha, married to Dr. M. F. Robinson, and living in 
 Shippensburg, Penn. , and John and Mary who died when but fifteen and sixteen 
 years of age, respectively. Mr. Fleming after his marriage lived in Green- 
 castle, hxd still farmed the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Fleming are mem- 
 bers of the Presbyterian Church. They have five children : Anna M. , mar- 
 ried to Henry Strickler (they live in Greencastle) ; A. Edgar, married to Alice 
 McLanahan (they live on a farm at the edge of Greencastle); Andrew R., a 
 publisher, married to Susie Fleming (they live in St. Louis, Mo.); Ida M., at 
 home; and W. Scott, a druggist, married to May Bryant (they live in St. 
 Louis, Mo. ) Mr. Fleming is the oldest man living in Greencastle who was 
 born in the borough. During the war he suffered from the rebels, losing all 
 crops for four years. 
 
 ELI W. FUSS, farmer and grain-cradle maker, at Brown's Mills postoffice, 
 was born near his present residence, March 8, 1826, and is a son of Joseph and 
 Nancy (Whitmer) Fuss, the former a native of Maryland. Joseph came to this 
 county in 1814, when about eighteen years of age ; he was a blacksmith by trade, 
 which he carried on for twenty-nine years, at or near the present residence of 
 our subject. He and his wife were members of the Reformed Church; he was 
 a warm friend of the public school system, and was prominent in securing and 
 erecting the public school building in the neighborhood. He was a Democrat, 
 but never held a political ofSce; he died in 1881, aged eighty-five, and is buried 
 in Cedar HiU Cemetery in Greencastle; his widow now lives at Marion, this 
 county, aged eighty-one years. Our subject spent his early life learning the 
 business of a farmer, and when sixteen began the blacksmith trade, remaining 
 with his father until twenty-six years of age, when he moved to Greencastle 
 and formed a partnership with Capt. Joseph Stickell, with firm name of 
 Stickell & Fuss, which continued from October, 1852, to April, 1864. They 
 manufactured grain-cradles, plows and wagons. Mr. Fuss then moved to the 
 old homestead, and has lived there ever since. He married, in 1853, Cather- 
 ine Royer, a daughter of Christian Royer, of Antrim Township, this county, 
 and they have seven children: Annie E., John Calvin, Mary E. (who died in 
 
ANTBIM TOWNSHIP. 713 
 
 Kansas), Ida Belle, Sarah Ellen, Emma E. , Charles W. Mr. and Mrs. Fnss 
 and all the children, except the youngest, are members of the Reformed 
 Church. Mr. Fuss' farm consists of ninety-five acres, and there is a saw-mill 
 adjoining, owned and operated by his son, John Calvin. He is Democratic in 
 politics, and has served as school director in the township. 
 
 JOHN CALVIN FUSS, born July 10, 1856, at Greencastle, this county, ob- 
 tained his education at the Greencastle schools and at Brown's Mills. In 1880 
 he became a partner with his father, under firm nan^i of E. W. Puss & Son, in 
 the manufacture of grain-cradles, etc., at Brown's Mills. Mr. Puss is also 
 owner and proprietor of the steam saw-mill at Brown's Mills. They are deal- 
 ers in and manufacturers of buggy rims, and deal in all kinds of walnut and 
 hickory lumber, buying, sawing and selling. Mr. Fuss married in 1882, 
 Emma, daughter of John F. Miller, and they have three children : Myra Belle, 
 born September 12, 1883; Leila Ruth, born January 5, 1885, and Ethel May,. 
 born July 16, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Fuss are members of the Reformed Church. 
 of Marion. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 DR. JOHN C. GILLAND, Greencastle. Thomas Gilland, a native of 
 Londonderry, Ireland, born June 7, 1777, the grandfather of our sub- 
 ject, settled in- Quincy Township, near Funkstown. He married Jane Mc- 
 Dowell, born October^ 12, 1778, probably in Antrim Township, this county; 
 he died January 7, 1841; his widow March 6, 1857. His son, Thomas, now 
 a resident of Antrim Township, near Shady Grove, the father of our subject, 
 married Susan Conrod, Februaiy 8, 1838, and our subject was born near Shady 
 Grove, July 27, 1849. He passed his earlier years and young manhood on the 
 farm of his father, in the meantime attending the free schools of the neighbor- 
 hood; also receiving the advantages of the select schools at Greencastle, 
 Waynesboro and Strasburg for several years, preparing for college. He be- 
 came a student at Ursinus College, CoUegeville, Montgomery Co. , Penn. , and 
 remained through the sophomore year, having been a student for eighteen 
 months (this was in 1873). He then began reading medicine with Dr: 
 William Grubb, of Greencastle, and graduated March 11, 1876, at JefPerson 
 Medical College, Philadelphia. The same year he began practice at New 
 Franklin, Franklin County, remaining there two years, when he removed to 
 Greencastle, and has been here ever since. The Doctor was married March 15, 
 1883, to Martha M. Snyder, daughter of Henry Snyder of J, of Guilford Town- 
 ship, and they have two children — Thomas Henry and Mary Belle. The Doctor 
 and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church; he is a member of the I. 
 O. O. P., of Waynesboro. The Doctor is a self educated man, having 
 taught school to obtain the means from which to obtain a literary and medical 
 education. 
 
 JOHN HADE, farmer, P. O. Greencastle. The Hade family are an old 
 one in Antrim Township, and the first ancestors of our subject to settle here 
 were John and his wife, whose maiden name was Ann Maria Knabe, a relative 
 of the well known Knabe piano makers. The Hades were originally from Ger- 
 many, and in religion were members of the German Baptist Church; they 
 first settled in Lebanon or Lancaster, Penn. , from Germany, in 1730. The 
 above named John and his wife moved with their family in 1770, and settled 
 at the old mansion farm mentioned elsewhere, where they built and lived in a 
 log house, near the site of the present substantial stone structure. They 
 bought 300 acres of land; they were then aged people. They both died in the 
 log house, and are both buried in the German Reformed graveyard, Green- 
 castle, Penn. They left five children, who settled in this county and in Wash- 
 ington County, Md. Their son, John, grandfather of the subject of this 
 
714 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 sketcli, married, and one of his children, also named John, was born Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1783, and died in 1863. He was married to Hannah Yaugy, born 
 in September, 1783, and died in 1868. Both are buried in Grind Stone Grave- 
 yard, at Hade's Church (German Baptist), near Grind Stone Hill. They had 
 the following named children: William, Daniel, Jacob, Joseph, Catherine, John 
 (subject of this sketch), Hannah, Mary, Emanuel and David. John Hade 
 lives three and one-half miles south of Greencastle, on the Williamsport Turn- 
 pike, on what was known as the ' ' Hade Mansion Farm, ' ' where his ancestors 
 settled in 1770 or earlier. He was born in 1817, son of John and Hannah 
 (Yaugy) Hade, and bought the old mansion farm of 216 acres in 1847, where 
 he has since resided, this land having been in the hands of some member of 
 the Hade family for upward of 125 years. He was married June 5, 
 1849, to Margaret E. Powell, a daughter of James and Jane (Malone) 
 Powell, the former a son of George and Naomi (McCoy) Powell, natives of 
 Berkley County, W. Va. , and of English descent. Mrs. Jane (Malone) Powell 
 was a daughter of Benjamin and Naomi (Wade) Malone, of Berkley County, 
 W. Va. , who were of Scotch-Irish extraction. Richard Wade, the great-grand- 
 father of Mrs. Margaret E. (Powell) Hade, married a daughter of Lord 
 
 Beresford, of England, and relatives of the Burl family. (It was a runaway 
 match, and proved a very happy one.) Mrs. Hade is a member of the Bethel 
 congregation, of Shippensburg, Penn. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Hade 
 — Jane H., John P. and J. Frank — are members of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 HENRY R. HARNISH, merchant and farmer, Middleburg, resides about 
 one half mile east of Mason and Dixon postoffice, on the Cumberland Valley Rail- 
 road. He was born in Washington Co. , Md. , one mile from his present residence, 
 in 1826. and is the son of John and Barbara (Fetterhoff) Harnish, a native of 
 Lancaster County, Penn., a carpenter and joiner by trade, and settled in 
 Maryland about 1814, buying 100 acres of land in 1816. In 1834 he purchased 
 140 acres, where our subject now lives, and October 25, 1854, moved to this 
 farm. He died there December 2, 1862, and is buried at Middleburg. His 
 wife died in 1851, and is buried at the same place. They had eight children — 
 five boys and three girls— those living are Jacob, who lives in Michigan; Mary, 
 who maiTied George W. Elliott, of Barber County, Kas. ; Sarah, who mar- 
 ried Hiram Whitmore, of Medina County, Ohio; and Henry R. The parents 
 were members of the United Brethren Church. Our subject learned the car- 
 penter trade, and followed it a year at journey work, and did the carpenter 
 work on the house in which he lives, in 1851. In 1854 he took charge of the 
 farm where he now lives, then owned by his father. This he bought after- 
 ward, and has lived on it ever since. He was married, March 15, 1857, to 
 Nancy, a daughter of William M. Kuhnes, of Washington County, Md. , and 
 to them were born nine children, seven living: Cora, married to Jacob Teisher, 
 August 15, 1882; Frances, married to Charles Zeller, July 31, 1886; Harry 
 E. ; Susan; Jessie; Nannie and John W. Mrs. Harnish is a member of the 
 German Baptist Church. Mr. Harnish is a member of the I. O. O. F., of 
 Middleburg. He is a Republican, and has served his vicinity in various offices 
 of trust, such as county auditor, one term; three years school director, and 
 township auditor, two terms. Mr. Harnish opened a general store at Mason 
 and Dixon, this county, in 1874, with a partner, under the firm name of H. R. 
 Harnish & Co. This name continued two years, when it was changed to Har- 
 nish & McLaughlin. In 1877 he sold his interest and opened his store at 
 Middlebui-g, which he still conducts. He was appointed postmaster at Mid- 
 dleburg in 1877, and held the office until 1885. 
 
 CHRISTIAN R. HOOVER, brick-maker, Greencastle. The father of our 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 715 
 
 subject, Jacob Hoover, a native of Lancaster County, Penn., when a young 
 man, enlisted in the Continental Army during the war of the Revolution. He 
 was promoted to colonel, and was with the army until peace was declared. 
 After the close of the war he came to this county, to what is now Five Forks 
 and bought 300 acres of land, where he lived the balance of his life, and died, 
 aged eighty years, in 1836, and was buried at Quincy, this county. He was a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. He married Miss Royer, by whom he 
 had two children: John and Elizabeth. She died, and he was married a sec- 
 ond time, having by this union six children: Jacob, Samuel, George, Fred- 
 erick, Catharine and Nancy. This wife dying, he married Mrs. Mary Ream, 
 a daughter of John Ely, and by her had two children: David and Christian 
 Royer. The subject of this sketch, who was born at Five Forks, in Feb- 
 ruary, 1828, when a young man, learned the cigar-maker's trade, a business 
 he followed for many years, parrying on a factory at Greencastle. His 
 health requiring him to give up this, he paid his whole attention to the 
 making of brick, as he had followed that business in summer while man- 
 ufacturing cigars in winter, and in 1854 he located in Greencastle, open- 
 ing a brickyard on his own ground in 1867. Here he averaged on the start 
 600,000 brick in the season, and he now averages about 200,000 to 300,000 
 per season. He has a small farm of twelve acres near the corporation, which 
 he cultivates, and now divides his attention between it and the brick business. 
 Mr. Hoover was an abolitionist before the war, and his first vote was cast for 
 Gen. Taylor in 1848, voting the same political ticket until 1872, when he voted 
 for Horace Greeley, since when he has been a Democrat. He served his party 
 as judge of election in the Third Ward, and also on the county committee on 
 various occasions. He was married in 1851 to Susan M. Zook, of McCon- 
 nellsburg, Fulton Co. , Penn. , daughter of John and Anny Zook, and they had 
 •one child, that died in infancy. Mrs. Hoover is a member of the United 
 Brethren Church, of which (although not a member) Mr. Hoover is a trustee. 
 Mrs. Hoover's grandmother was a Mrs. Susan (Bloom) Myers, who was among 
 the first settlers at McConnellsburg, the place then being a perfect wilderness 
 inhabited only by wild beasts and Indians. 
 
 REV. JAMES D. HUNTER, Greencastle, was born in October, 1849, in 
 Carroll County, Ohio, son of George and Rosanna (Harkless) Hunter. His 
 father being a farmer, his early life was spent on the farm, and he afterward 
 became a student at Savannah Academy, Savannah, Ohio, preparing for col- 
 lege, from 1870 to 1874. He entered Lafayette College, at Easton, Penn. , in 
 the fall'of 1874, and was graduated there in the fall of 1878, delivering the 
 Mantle Oration on that occasion. In the same fall he became a student of 
 theology at the Union Theological Seminary, New York, remaining there until 
 his ordination, November 30, 1880, whSn he took charge of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Deerfield, N. J., and here remained until November, 1883, in 
 December of which year he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church at 
 Greencastle. 
 
 GEORGE R. KAUFFMAN, M. D., Brown's Mills.— Andrew Kauffman, a 
 native of near East Berlin, Adams Co. , Penn. , was the first of thiff family to 
 settle in this county, about 1816. He located with his family about seven 
 miles northeast of Chambersburg, and was a farmer. He was not a member 
 -of any church, but his widow, whose name was Maria, became, after his death, 
 a member of the River Brethren Church. He died and was buried in the 
 Stover graveyard, four miles northeast of Greencastle. His wife was buried 
 at the River Brethren Church, eight miles southeast of Chambersburg. 
 They had seven children — six sons and one daughter: Abraham, Samuel, 
 
716 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 John, Andrew, Jacob, Henry and Maria. Abraham, the eldest child, was the 
 father of Dr. KaufPman, and was born in Adams County in 1808. He was 
 married to Catherine Eoyer, a daughter of George Eoyer. He was a miller 
 by trade, and when a young man followed that business for seven years, but 
 was always identified with agriculture. He farmed 200 acres of land at what 
 is now Kauffman's Station, which received its name from him. He and his 
 wife were both members of the German Baptist Church. They had a family 
 of two children: Anna Maria, who died when quite small, and George R. 
 The father died in 1884, and is buried in the Antrim Cemetery, located on the 
 old homestead. His wife died in 1873, and was buried in the same lot. 
 George R. Kauffman, M. D., was born at what is now Kauffman's Station in 
 1841, and obtained his literary education at the Chambersburg Academy. In 
 1861 he began reading medicine with Dr. McGill, of Hagerstown, and after- 
 ward, with Richards & Montgomery as preceptors, at Chambersburg. He 
 then attended one course at the State University, at Ann Ai'bor, Mich. , and 
 afterward two courses at Bellevue Medical College, New York City, graduating 
 from there in the spring of 1 867. Soon afterward he began practice at Mechan- 
 icsburg, Cumberland Coimty. A few months later he located at Kauffman' s Sta- 
 tion, where he soon established a large practice, and where he has continued up 
 to date. The Doctor owns the home place of 200 acres and lives in his elegant 
 residence built by the Fullertons 112 years ago. At the time of the battle of 
 Gettysburg, although a civilian, he was taken prisoner July 6, 1863, by the 
 rebels at Hagerstown, Md. , and was confined in ' ' Libby, " " Castle Thunder " 
 and Salisbuiy, N. C. , until April, 1865. The Doctor was married in 1867 to 
 Martha E. Kisecker, a daughter of John and Eliza (Walter) Kisecker. They 
 have one child, Leslie M. Politically the Doctor cast his influence with the 
 Republican party. 
 
 JOHN KENNEDY, farmer, P. O. Shady Grove, was born in the par- 
 ish of Drumachose, County Londonderry, Ireland, in 1807. His parents, 
 James and Catherine (Cannon) Kennedy, came to the United States in 1823, 
 and settled where our subject now lives. James Kennedy received 123 acres 
 of land from his brother, Hugh Kennedy, of Hagerstown, Md. , which was sur- 
 veyed by Archibald Fleming in 1824. They brought with them five sons and 
 three daughters: Rachel, John, William, James, Hugh, Joshua, Catherine 
 and Ann. The parents were members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church 
 originally Covenanters. The father died in 1847, aged about seventy years' 
 and the mother in 1851, aged about seventy-seven years. They are buried in 
 the Reformed Presbyterian Churchyard at Fayetteville. James, the first set- 
 tler, was an elder of the church at Fayetteville, this county, for some years 
 and his son, Rev. Joshua Kennedy, is a minister of the above named church', 
 now residing at Greencastle. John Kennedy was married May 9, 1856' 
 to Margaret Bell, daughter of Thomas and Margaret (Dunlap) Bell, o'f Cum- 
 berland County, Penn., residing five miles north of Carlisle. Our subiect 
 and wife are parents of five children: William Holmes, who died in infancv 
 Catherine B., at home; Thomas J., a clerk in Waynesboro, Penn • James D ' 
 at home; Joseph B., attending the normal school. Mr. Kennedy is a Repub' 
 hcan and a strong prohibitionist; has served his township as school di 
 rector, etc and has also acted as guardian and executor of several estates 
 He owns about 240 acres, including the old homestead of his father- the im 
 provements about the home he built; also those on the north end of the farm 
 now occupied by a tenant. ' 
 
 ^.f .t^^? T^^^'^^''''\i!'T''' ^- ^- Greencastle. John Kennedy, 
 grandfather of Lazarus, was the first of the family to settle here, just west of 
 
ANTBIM TOWNSHIP. 717 
 
 Conococheague Creek, in 1731, " Cornplanter, " the Indian chief, being his 
 nearest neighbor. His wife's name was Elizabeth; they were of Irish ex- 
 traction, and came from Lancaster County, Penn. , here, and took up 700 acres, 
 patents for which are dated 1739. David (son of John) and Mary (Robertson) 
 Kennedy, parents of our subject, resided at the site above mentioned; they 
 both died in the vicinity, and are buried in Moss Spring Cemetery, Green- 
 castle; John Kennedy died in 1805.; David, his son, in 1818. David and 
 Mary (Robinson) Kennedy had three children: Lazarus; Harriet, married to 
 John Worley; and Charlotte, who died single. Lazarus, the subject of this 
 sketch, was bom April 8, 1806; always followed farming, and has carried on 
 the old place ever since 1825, and now owns 199 acres of the old homestead. 
 He was married in 1837 to Susan Brewer, a daughter of Jacob and Mary 
 (Angle) Brewer, and they had ten children — nine now living: Cyrus, in Ful- 
 ton County, 111. ; Washington, deceased; Charles, in Antrim Township, this 
 county; David, in Greencastle, this county; Paxton, a photographer, in 
 Hagerstown, Md. ; Scott, superintendent of schools in Fulton County, Ohio; 
 Ella, now Mrs. George B. Snively; Catherine, now Mrs. John Metcalf; 
 Samanda, now Mrs. James Eachus; arid Lazarus, Jr. The parents are mem- 
 bers of the Presbyterian Church of Greencastle. Mr. Kennedy is a Repub- 
 lican, and has served his vicinity as school director. Three of his boys served 
 in the Union Army during the war of the Rebellion: Cyrus, for three years; 
 Washington, over one year in the signal corps; and Charles, ten months. 
 Mr. Kennedy took an active part for the Union cause in the war by means and 
 influence; he lost four valuable horses, taken by the rebels during Lee's in- 
 vasion of 1863, and other stuff valued at S800, and they finally took him pris- 
 oner for a short time but released him. Jacob and Mary (Angle) Brewer, 
 parents of Mrs. Kennedy, were natives of Washington County, Md. , where 
 they were married. They bought a farm of 200 acres, two miles east of Mer- 
 cersburg, in 1802, and kept house in a log building. They afterward built 
 a brick residence, where they lived until they died, he at the age of eighty- 
 two, and she when eighty-four; both are buried in the family graveyard. 
 He was a member of the Lutheran and she of the German church. They 
 had eleven children, all of whom lived to be grown and married. David mar- 
 ried Miss Cushwa; Adam married Maria Johnson; Jacob married Mary Neg- 
 ley; Henry married Elizabeth Richert; Elizabeth married Capt. JohnCushiva; 
 Joseph married Margaret Vandrau; John married Mary Zook; Maria mar- 
 ried Daniel Richert; Susan married Lazarus Kennedy; Catherine married 
 ■George Swigert; George married Louisa Gehr. 
 
 MATHIAS W. KISECKER, son of John and Eliza (Walter) Kiseeker, 
 was bom in 1839, near Greencastle, in the house now occupied by Edgar 
 Fleming. Our subject, when sixteen, learned the milling trade in the mill now 
 owned by himself. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and 
 Twenty-sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, served for about 
 ten months, and was appointed quartermaster sergeant just before the battle of 
 Chancellorsville, at which battle he was wounded in his left hand by a piece of 
 shell or rifle bullet, that cut off the third finger of his hand. He had two 
 days to serve, being wounded May 3, and his term of enlistment expired May 
 5. He was in the battle of Fredericksburg and present at the second battle of 
 Bull Run. He was mustered out at Harrisburg and returned home. He was 
 married in February, 1864, to Ella A. Witherspoou, and, on the death of his 
 father in 1879, bought the old homestead of 120 acres, at his father' s appraise- 
 ment. The stone grist-mill is operated by him, doing principally custom work 
 in the summer and shipping in winter. Mrs. Kiseeker is a member of the 
 
718 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Kisecker have eight children: Annie 
 L., John W., Mary E., Andrew H., David E., Elizabeth B., Charles N. and 
 Mathias W. , Jr, Mr. Kisecker is a member of the American L. of H. and G. 
 A. E. ; he is senior or Vice-Commander in the G. A. E. ; in politics a Democrat. 
 Just 200 yards below Mr. Kisecker' s mill there used to be an old Indian fort, in 
 the remains of which a few years since, on building a blacksmith shop, they 
 found many old relics, knee buckles, etc. 
 
 EEV. FREDEEICK KLINEFELTEE, pastor of Zion's Evangelical 
 Lutheran Church of Greencastle, son of Adam and Sarah (Doudle) Klinefelter, 
 was born in York, Penn. , September 26, 1836. He obtained his early educa- 
 tion at the York schools, mainly at the York County Academy. He devoted 
 four years to learning the machinist trade, two of which were spent in Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio. Eetuming . to York he prepared for college at the Academy, 
 and entered the freshman class of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, in the 
 fall of 1858, graduating from that institution in the fall of 1862. At the 
 breaking out of the war Mr. Klinefelter enlisted, June, 1861, in Company H, 
 Sixteenth Eegiment, Yclunteer Infantry, under the three months' call of the 
 President. The regiment was with Gen. Patterson in Virginia, was mus- 
 tered out in August, and then Mr. Klinefelter returned to college, and, resum- 
 ing his place in his class, graduated in the fall of 1862. The same year he 
 entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. [Notes from the " Rebel In- 
 vasion of Pennsylvania," by Prof. M Jacobs.] "On Wednesday, June 17,. 
 1863, a company of infantry, consisting of sixty students of the Pennsylvania 
 College, together with several from the theological seminary, and a few citizens, 
 under Capt. Frederick Klinefelter, a theological student, left for Harrisburg 
 in obedience to the urgent call of the governor for emergency men, and were 
 the first to be mustered into that service in response to the call. This company 
 was known as Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Eegiment, Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteer Militia, of which Col. Wm. Jennings was in command. The 
 regiment having been ordered to Gettysburg arrived there at 9 A. M., June 26. 
 By order of Maj. Haller they were sent forward on the Chambersburg pike, west 
 of town; which movement resulted in their being thrown in the face of a superior 
 force of the enemy. Forty of the regiment, among whom were ten of Company 
 A, were captured. By a skillful maneuvering of the regiment and after a skir- 
 mish with the enemy's cavalry, resulting in the loss of 120 more of their num- 
 ber as prisoners, they reached Harrisburg, Sunday, June 28, having marched 
 54 out of 60 consecutive hours." At the anniversary of the Philomathaean 
 Society, m 1862, Mr. Klinefelter was elected as one 'of the orators. He is a 
 member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. He graduated from the 
 Theological Seminary in 1864, and was ordained by the West Pennsylvania 
 Synod at Hanover in 1864. The same year he engaged in the city missionary 
 work m Philadelphia, where, in the following year, he organized St. Peter's 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church, which he served until 1867. The same year he 
 removed to Tremont, Schuylkill Co., Penn., and served as pastor of the 
 congregation there until December 1, 1872, when he became pastor of his 
 present charge. Mr. Klinefelter was married September 4, 1866, to Miss 
 ^na ih. Wilson, of Philadelphia, daughter of David G. and Emma (Moore) 
 Wilson, a most amiable lady, and greatly beloved by all who knew her. She 
 ^ed m June, 1884, m Philadelphia, leaving one chUd, Emma WUson. Mr. 
 Klinefelter was elected, in 1883, president of the West Pennsylvania Synod, 
 serving t^ee years, and has also represented the synod as a member of th; 
 ^^tl fn t^'r "' °ftl^e Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, and as a dele- 
 gate to the General Synod. Smce Mr. Klinefelter has been pastor here the 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 719 
 
 fine brick Lutheran Church has been built, costing some $16,000. The corner- 
 stone was laid in 1875, and the building completed and dedicated in .1 880, 
 free of all indebtedness. 
 
 "WILLIAM C. KREPS, attorney at law, Greencastle, was born in that 
 place, in 1853, and is a son of William and Sarah A. (Eachus) Kreps, the lat- 
 ter a daughter of Phineas Eachus. He obtained his education partly at the 
 schools of Greencastle and later at the Chambersburg Academy, where he re- 
 mained two years; was engaged several years in mercantile pursuits ; then later 
 began his legal studies in the office of Judge Rowe, and finished reading law 
 with A. G. McLanahan, Esq. , of Greencastle. He was admitted to the Frank- 
 lin County bar in December, 1883,- and immediately thereafter began the prac- 
 tice of his profession at Greencastle, where he continues to reside, enjoying a lu- 
 crative practice. Mr. Kfeps married, in April, 1883, Anna M. Shook, of 
 Greencastle, a daughter of Jacob Shook. He is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, in politics a Republican. 
 
 JACOB LEAR, blacksmith. Shady Grove, was born in Antrim Township, 
 this county, September 14, 1840, son of James and Eliza (Anderson) Lear, 
 the former of whom died when our subject was but five years old. When eight- 
 een, Jacob began and learned the blacksmith trade, and was working in J. B. 
 Croweir s machiae shop at the breaking out of the war of the great Rebellion. 
 In August, 1862. he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Twenty- sixth 
 Regimfflit, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, for nine months, and participated in 
 the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. His term of enlistment had 
 expired a day before the latter fight, and soon afterward he returned home, ar 
 riving shortly before the battle of Gettysburg. In the fall of 1863 he enlisted 
 again for three years or during the war, in Company M, Twenty-first Regi- 
 ment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, which in the summer of 1864 fought as 
 dismounted troops. He took part in the battle of Cold Harbor, where he was 
 wounded by a minie-ball in the left leg — the bone being shattered — while in 
 the charge on the enemy' s works ; this wound still remains troublesome, and at 
 times is an open sore. He was laid up six months, when he returned to active 
 duty and soon after took part in the battle of Hatcher's Run, and from this 
 time to the end of the war was in a continual series of engagements. He was 
 mustered out at Lynchburg, Va. , and then came home and followed journey- 
 work about one year. In 1867 he bought out his present business, which he 
 has conducted up to date. Mr. Lear was married February 11, 1868, to Mtiiy 
 Lohr; they have three children living and one deceased: George Brinton, born 
 January 81, 1869; John Kennedy, botn June 1, 1870; Michael Lohman, born 
 Augusts, 1873, and died aged nine years; Jessie Snively, born July 14, 1881. 
 Mr. Lear belongs to the Lutheran Church; he has served his township as 
 school director three years. 
 
 DAVID LAMONT McDONALD, M. D. , Greencastle, is a native of Juniata 
 County, Penn., bom in 1841, son of James S. and Mary Ann (Enslow) McDon- 
 ald. When our subject was but seven years of age his father died, leaving a 
 widow and four children. At the age of eleven years young David began 
 on a farm, working in the winters for his board and going to school. At 
 the age of twenty, in September, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Forty-ninth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and on the muster- in of the com- 
 pany at Harrisburg was appointed corporal. He served fourteen months, when 
 owing to physical disability, brought on by sickness contracted in the service, 
 he was honorably discharged. His regiment was part of Hancock' s brigade. 
 The first engagement the Doctor was in was the battle of Williamsburg, and 
 throughout MoClellan's Peninsular campaign, including the seven days' bat- 
 
720 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ties. After being in the hospital for some time, he was discharged at Phila- 
 delphia, October 27, 1862. At the time of his enlistment he was attending a 
 select school at McCoysville, and on his return, he again attended the same 
 school that winter; the following summer he taught a subscription school, and 
 in the winter took charge of the public school of that place. In the spring of 
 1864, he began reading medicine in Dr. S. B. Crawford's office, McCoysville, 
 Juniata County, and in the winter of 1864-65 again taught school. In the 
 fall of 1865 he attended the medical university of New York City, and in 1866 
 he began practicing in partnership with his preceptor, continuing same until 
 1870, in which year he located at Concord, this county, where he had a suc- 
 cessful practice for sixteen years. During this time, in 1881, he attended a 
 jnedical course at Columbus Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, where he was 
 graduated. The Doctor located at Greencastle, December 16, 1885, where he 
 is receiving a fair share of practice. He was married May 25, 1871, to Anna 
 M. Eobertson, of Concord, this county, a daughter of John and Eliza (Mont- 
 gomery) Robertson, and they have four children: David Lamont, John Ham- 
 ilton, Calvin Brodie and James Loomis. The Doctor is of Scotch extraction, 
 originating from the famous family of that name in Scotland. He is a F. & 
 A. M. , a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R. ; in politics a Democrat. 
 
 ANDREW G, McLANAHAN, farmer, P.O. Greencastle, is a native of An- 
 trim Township, this county, born August 12, 1807, four miles south of Green- 
 castle, near the Maryland line. His father, William McLanahan, also a native 
 of this locality, was an extensive farmer, owning some 400 acres. He was a 
 Presbyterian and a well known and honored citizen. His wife, nee Mary Gregg, 
 was a daughter of Andrew Gregg of Centre County, Penn. From this union 
 there were four children, Andrew G., James X. (deceased). Isabella, who mar- 
 ried Joseph M. Heister, and Mary, who married Dr. J. C. Richards. James X., 
 a lawyer, muved to New York City, where he died. James McLanahan, grand- 
 father of our subject, and a farmer, owning upward of 600 acres of land, was 
 a native of what is now known as Antrim Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. His 
 wife's name was Isabella Craig; they had six sons: Robert, James, John, Will- 
 iam, Samuel and Joseph, and five daughters : Margaret, Mary, Rebecca, Isabel 
 and Sarah. Andrew G. McLanahan was reared to the life of a farmer on the 
 old homestead in Antrim Township, and has followed that occupation all his 
 life, buying his present homestead of 350 acres, one mile and a quarter west 
 of Greencastle, in about 1837, moving onto it in 1838. This place he sold to the 
 Mormons and they occupied it for eighteen months, but on their leaving the 
 country he was obliged to buy it back, through the sheriff, in 1846, and has 
 lived there ever since. He now owns beside, a half interest of his father's 
 ■old homestead and twenty acres in Antrim Township. He is now seventy- 
 nme years of age. Mr. McLanahan, although not a politician in any sense, 
 had decided convictions in politics, but singular to state never in his life asked 
 a man to vote any ticket, going on the principle that a man's own conscience 
 and convictions ought to settle that subject without dictation. He was married 
 in 183 < to A. Elizabeth Doyle, daughter of George Dojle and to this union 
 there were born six children; E. Ormond. Dick, Andrew G., Celia, Jessie and 
 Alice Mrs. McLanahan died March 28, 1880, and is buried in Cedar Hill 
 Cemetery. 
 
 HAERY P Mclaughlin, merchant, state Line, was born January 26, 
 18o6, near State Line in T\ ashmgton County, Md., a son of Perry B. and 
 Cornelia J. (Hostetter) McLaughlin, the former born at Pleasant Vale, Wash- 
 ington CV, Md., August 4,. 1814, died November 11, 1875; the la ter was 
 born at Hanover, Penn., December 31, 1827, now residing ^t State Line 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 721 
 
 They were married October 17, 1848, and have living the following named 
 children; Frank H, Harry P., William P. and Charles M., all except Harry 
 P. , residing in Washington County, Md. ; William is on the home farm. The 
 father, a farmer by occupation, a member of the Reformed Church, owned 
 some 200 acres of land in joint interest with his brother, John McLaughlin, a 
 bachelor. Our subject established his present business in State Line in 1880, 
 keeping a general store and dealing in grain, coal, fertilizers, and produce of 
 all kinds, his store and sales averaging, including fertilizers and coal, about 
 $20,000 per annum. He buys and ships some 30,000 bushels of wheat per 
 year. Mr. McLaughlin received the advantages afforded by the Washington 
 County schools and those at Greencastle. He was married in 1879 to Miss 
 Anna Zeller, of Washington County, Md., by whom he has three children: 
 Howard H. , Perry and Bertha. Mr. and Mrs. McLaughlin are members of 
 the Eeformed Church. Mr. McLaughlin is the railroad and express agent at 
 State Line, having held these positions since 1 883. and was appointed post- 
 master in March, 1886. 
 
 VICTOR DAVIS MILLER, M. D., P. O. Mason & Dixon, was born near 
 Williamsport, Washington Co., Md., February 1, 1838, son of Albertus A. 
 Miller. He obtained his literary education at Pennsylvania College, Gettys- 
 burg, Penn., and began in 1857 reading medicine at Greencastle with Dr. 
 Charles Michael, who vras his preceptor during his whole course of study. He 
 subsequently attended Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he 
 graduated in March 1861, and soon after began practice in the neighborhood 
 where he now lives, and has continued the same up to date. In 1862 he was 
 appointed assistant surgeon of the Seventy-eighth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Infantry, which was part of the Army of the Cumberland, and was 
 stationed in Nashville, Tenn. He was present at the engagement at La 
 Vergne, Tenn. , in the seven days' fight at Stone River. He was acting sur- 
 geon for this regiment during the last four months' service ; resigning in April, 
 1863, on account of physical disability contracted through exposure during the 
 battle of Stone River. At this battle, while engaged in dressing the wounds 
 of an officer (who was serving as colonel of an Indiana regiment and 
 commanding a brigade of Gen. Thomas' corps) on the field of battle, he 
 ran a narrow escape, two bullets from the enemy passing through his coat. 
 After resigning he returned to his practice in Antrim Township. The Doctor 
 was married March 13, 1866, to Alice J. Rench of Washington County, Md. , 
 a daughter of Andrew Rench, and they have six children: Dewitt Clinton 
 Rench. a graduate of Pennsylvania College; William Preston, Jane Scott, 
 Victor Davis, Jr. , Mary Lamon, Louisa Price. The Doctor is a member of the 
 Reformed Church of Middleburg; a Democrat in politics; served as coroner 
 from 1864 to 1866. He was a candidate of his party for the State Legislature 
 in 1881, and was defeated by eight votes on account of a clerical error made 
 by the clerk of the board of returns, but really received a majority of eight 
 votes. The Doctor has a farm just over the line in Maryland, where he re- 
 sides, which he carries on in connection with his practice. He lives in an ele- 
 gant modern residence built by him at a cost of $6,000. 
 
 J. FLETCHER NO WELL, M. D., Greencastle, is a native of Anne Arun- 
 del County, Md. , born July 9, 1845, and is a son of William and Rachel A. 
 (Sheckell) Nowell, of that county, the former of whom, a farmer, served as a 
 local Methodist preacher. The Nowells were of English, and the Sheckells of 
 Scotch descent. The Doctor obtained his literary education at Fort Edward 
 Institute, N. Y. , attending there some three years, and graduating June 24, 
 1868. He began reading medicine in 1870, and attended lectures at thp 
 
722 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, graduating there in 1875, and 
 soon afterward (March 20) began the practice of his profession at Greencastle. 
 The Doctor was married March 17, 1880, to Miss Jennie Cook of Chambers- 
 burg. After graduating at Fort Edward he had charge of the English depart- 
 ment in Dickinson Seminary at Williamsport, for two terms, and the year after- 
 ward had charge as principal of the public schools at Waterford, Va. The 
 Doctor is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Greencastle. In 
 politics he is a Republican. 
 
 HENRY OMWAKE, P. O. Greencastle. The name was originally in Ger- 
 man ' ' Amweg, ' ' by which some of the members of the family are still known in 
 Lancaster County, Penn. The lirst of the name to settle in Franklin County was 
 Jacob Omwake, a native of Berks County, Penn; he located in Washington Town- 
 ship, near Besore's (now Salem) Church, and in the spring of 1808 moved 
 on a tract of land which he bought of Samuel Sell. He died November 17, 
 1814, at the age of forty-one years. He was a member of the Reformed 
 Church, and is buried in the Old Salem churchyard. His wife's name before 
 marriage was Catharine Hassler; they had a family of two sons and four 
 daughters. His widow was afterward married to Daniel Mowen. John Om- 
 wake, son of Jacob, was also a native of Berks County, being eight years old 
 when the family came to this county. He was married to Elizabeth Ledy, a 
 daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Miller) Ledy. From the time of his mar- 
 riage in 1821, to the time of his death in 1865, he lived on the old homestead, 
 which first became his residence in 1808; his remains lie in the Salem ground. 
 His widow is still on the old home place with her son Samuel, and is now in 
 her ninety-third year; until about ninety years of age, she was able to visit 
 her neighbors on foot, and preferred walking to church, a distance of three- 
 fourths of a mile; since then she is partially disabled in body, but her mental 
 faculties are comparatively good, her memory running back to occurrences 
 which took place before the war of 1812. They were both members, and faith- 
 ful attendants upon the services, of the Reformed Church, in the faith and doc- 
 trines of which they also brought up their children, of whom they had ten: 
 Catharine married to Wesley Koons; Samuel, married to Elizabeth Kecklerj 
 John, married in Ohio, where he died of cholera; Jacob, who died at Ti ffin , 
 Ohio, in 1854; Jeremiah, married at Tiffin, Ohio, to Ann Sheets, and now liv- 
 ing in Henry County, Ohio; Heniy; Susan, married to Christian Lesher, of near 
 Waynesboro, Penn. ; Elizabeth, married to Wm. S. Koons (now both deceased); 
 Mary Ann and Rebecca, both of whom died single. Henry Omwake, the subject 
 proper of this sketch, was born December 6, 1830, and was reared to farming; 
 he attended the common schools, but fitted himself for teaching mainly by his 
 efforts at home. When nineteen he began teaching school in Salem District, 
 and followed it during winter terms, for sixteen years. He was married in 
 1854 to Eveline Beaver, and moved to Antrim Township. In 1867 he bought 
 the Peter Witmer homestead near Greencastle, now consisting of ninety acres, 
 where his family are enjoying the fruits of the farm as the result of their in- 
 dustry. As an ardent supporter of the common schools he has served hia 
 Township thi-ee several terms as director. In 1881 he was elected to the ofiice of 
 county commissioner, in which he served three years. He and his wife are 
 also members of the Reformed faith. Their family consists of nine children- 
 John O. Wm. T., Mary K., Augustus B. (at home and a teacher), James B., 
 Jeremiah S., George L., Chalmers P. and Howard R. John O., living in Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, and Wm. T., who is an attorney in Waynesboro, Penn., are the 
 only ones of the children not now at home. 
 
 SAMUEL PHILLIPPY, farmer, P. O. Greencastle, was bom at his pres- 
 
ANTBIM TOWNSHIP. 723 
 
 ent residence in February, 1833, a son of Samuel and Catherine (Eauch) Phil - 
 lippy. Christian and Barbara (Eeed) Phillippy, grandparents of our subject, 
 came to Antrim Township, this county, from Lebanon County in 1817, and here 
 the former rented land some four years, and, in 1821, he bought the farm of 
 160 acres, where our subject now lives, at sherifP's sale for $48 per acre; the 
 present stone house then stood as it does to-day, though the barn and outbuild- 
 ings were built by the father of our subject in 1835. The old roof still remains 
 good, the shingles of which were hauled fi-om Harrisburg by wagon. This 
 farm was purchased in three tracts, as follows: First dated November 24, 
 1761, as recorded in Patent Book, " AA, Vol. II, page 446; second dated Oc- 
 tober 24, 1765, as recorded in Patent Book AA, Vol. VII, page 152; third 
 dated December 28, 1813." The tracts were purchased from Penn's heirs by 
 Jofcn Brotherton; deed made to Christian Phillippy by Brotherton April 8, 
 1822. The Phillippys are members of the Lutheran Church, and the father 
 of our subject was an elder in that church for many years ; he was a member of 
 the building committee in building the new church at Greencastle. Samuel 
 and Catherine (Eauch) Phillippy had nine children: Christian, who married 
 Uriah P. Smith (they live in Monroe County, Mich. ) ; Jonathan, married to 
 Catherine Harbaugh; Eliza, who married John Young (now a widow); Mary 
 Ann (who married Christian Whitmore) ; Isaac, married to Catherine Shank; 
 Samuel;' Jacob, of Chambersburg, married to Susan Lesher; Catherine, who 
 married Daniel M. Baker; Margaret, who married Adam Vandrau. Samuel mar- 
 ried Mary Grove, a daughter of John Grove, of this county, and they have 
 three children: John G., Miriam M., James Franklin, all at home. Mr. Phil- 
 lippy has the 160 acres of land that his grandfather first purchased. He is a 
 member of the Luthern Church; in politics a Democrat; is one of the most 
 solid farmers of Antrim Township. 
 
 THE EAHAUSEE FAMILY. The first of this family to settle in Franklin 
 County was Jonas Eahauser, a native of Germany, born near Hesse Darm- 
 stadt, in 1777. He was brought to the United States by his parents, who set- 
 tled in York, York Co. , Penn. , in 1781, and came with his brother Daniel, 
 who was a minister of the Eeformed Church, to Franklin County in 1790, and 
 soon after became an apprentice to the blacksmith trade at Greencastle. After 
 completing his apprenticeship, he was married at Greencastle, to Miss Cath- 
 erine Drooks, by whom he had three children: Maud Catherine, Gideon and 
 Jonathan. He was a prominent and active member of the Eeformed Church 
 (three of his brothers, Frederick, Daniel and Jonathan, were ministers of this 
 society). He died in 1853, leaving a comfortable estate to his family, his wife 
 having died in 1849, and they are buried in the Lutheran graveyard at Green- 
 castle. Gideon Eahauser, son of Jonas and Catherine (Drooks) Eahauser, 
 was bom in Greencastle, this county, in 1814. He was a farmer, owning in 
 Antrim Township a farm of some 180 acres, and from his marriage, in 1849, 
 always lived on that farm, located one and one-half mile southeast of Green- 
 castle. His wife' s name was Margaret Stover, daughter of William Stover of 
 Greencastle, and by this union there were five children: Susan A., William S., 
 Joseph P. , George W. and Gideon J. The father of this family died in 1859, 
 aged about forty -five years; he was one of the most respected citizens of the 
 township. His widow died in 1879, and they are both buried in Cedar Hill 
 Cemetery. Joseph P. Eahauser, hardware merchant, Greencastle, the third 
 child in the above family, was born in 1854, at Greencastle; he obtained his 
 education at the free and select school of Greencastle, and Millersville Normal 
 School, and subsequently (from 1872) he taught school for seven years, three 
 years at Greencastle, one year at Shady Grove and three years at Belmont. 
 
724 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Since 1877, he in company with J. M. Stover accepted the agency of the 
 " Stover "Wind Engine Company" for four States: Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
 Maryland and New Jersey. In 1880 this partnership was dissolved, and in 
 1882, he in company with his brother, Gideon, under the firm name of J. P. 
 Eahauser & Bro., established the present business of dealers in general hard- 
 ware and agricultural implements, including the wind engines; this is one of 
 the most important business enterprises of the borough, the sales amounting 
 some years to $45,000 or 150,000, averaging about $35,000. 
 
 JOHN ROWE, merchant, surveyor-general of Pennsylvania and speaker of 
 the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, was born October 4, 1814, in 
 Greencastle, Franklin Co. , Pena. His father, a native of county Westmeath, 
 Ireland, a Protestant, came to America in 1804 and settled at Greencastle, 
 where he married Mary, daughter of John Wise, the son of Christopher "Wise 
 of Havre de Grace, Md. , who married a daughter of one McKinnie killed by 
 the Indians at Hollywell Paper Mill, Franklin County, in 1756. John Eowe 
 was educated in the schools of his native town; at twenty -one years of age he 
 married Elizabeth Prather. He was from youth until death a merchant of 
 Greencastle, public spirited, zealous to promote the growth and prosperity of 
 the town, active and influential in politics ; even before his majority he began 
 to take a leading part in local affairs and was sent by the Democrats to their 
 county convention, and that body selected him as a delegate to the State con- 
 vention with instructions to support Martin Van Buren for President. In 1840, 
 when twenty-five years old, he was elected justice of the peace at the first elec- 
 tion for that ofiice under the amended constitution; four years later he was the 
 Democratic candidate for the Legislature, but the "Whigs had a majority ; how- 
 ever, he was elected a representative in the General Assembly in 1851 and again 
 in 1852. In the presidential campaign of 1856, John W. Forney, organizing 
 victory for Buchanan, called the State convention to meet at Chambersburg 
 for the well understood purpose of putting Maj. John Rowe in nomination 
 for survey or- general; it was done and he was elected and filled the ofiice for 
 three years; in 1859 he was unanimously nominated for re-election, though a 
 Douglas Democrat, but that year his party failed to carry the State. At the 
 outbreak of the Rebellion he took firm ground for the Government, and in the 
 fall of 1861 , was elected as a Union Democrat to the Legislature, and was 
 chosen speaker of the House of Representatives. Thenceforth he was identi- 
 fied with the Republican party, and was prominent in its councils. He died 
 at Greencastle December 27, 1880, at the age of sixty-six years. 
 
 REV. JOHN RUTHRAUFF, of the Lutheran Church, was a native of York 
 County, born in 1763; he came to Greencastle previous to 1795, and under his 
 pastorate the Lutheran Brick Church was built, and the first Lutheran Sunday 
 school was held; he was pastor for thirty-eight years. His wife's name was 
 Maria Hamme, also a native of York County; he died in 1837, and his widow 
 about 1842, aged about seventy-five years. They are both buried in the Lu- 
 theran graveyard, Greencastle, Penn. He was also a farmer arid owned 200 
 acres of land one mile and a quarter west of Greencastle. He built a grist-mill 
 in 1810, the first erected on that site; it was burned in 1827, and rebuilt by 
 him. He had seven sons — John, Samuel, Frederick, George, Jonathan, Henry 
 and David — and one daughter. Jonathan, a Lutheran preacher, died at Leba- 
 non, Penn., while in charge of a congregation there. Frederick, also a Lu- 
 theran preacher, died at Milton, Penn. , in charge of a congregation. Samuel, 
 born in 1796, was reared at the old homestead, and when a young man oper- 
 ated the mill on his father' s place ; was afterward engaged in merchandising 
 at Marion and St. Thomas, in this county. He was a soldier in the war of 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 725 
 
 1812, and served at Baltimore. He married Isabella Patton, by whom he had 
 the following named children: John, Sarah, now widow of Washington 
 Crooks; William, a Lutheran minister, who died at Zanesville, Ohio; Ann M., 
 who died aged twenty; Elizabeth, first wife of Washington Crooks. The father 
 died at Greencastle in 1862, aged sixty-six; the mother in 1878, aged seventy- 
 eight, and both are buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery. 
 
 John Edthrauff was born in November, 1816, in Greencastle, this county, 
 and was reared until eighteen years of age on the old homestead of his grand- 
 father. When about eighteen years of age he engaged as a clerk at Loudon, 
 this county, in a general store, and in 1838, in partnership with his father, 
 opened a store at Marion. In 1846 he sold out the store and began farming 
 on the Frederick farm, three miles north of Greencastle; abandoning this he 
 bought 150 acres of land on the Leitersburg road, living, however, in Green- 
 castle. This farm he sold, then bought the first farm east of town on the 
 Waynesboro road, of fifty-six acres, which he afterward increased to seventy- 
 four acres. He then became largely interested in dealing in stock and wool, 
 in which he continued for twenty-three years. Mr. Ruthrauff is a Republican, 
 in politics, and during the war took an active part in upholding the Union 
 cause; was active in securing enlistments and in filling the Antrim Township 
 first and second quotas; was appointed and acted as treasurer of the committee 
 for collecting money to pay bounties. April 17, 1861, an agreement was made 
 and signed by sixty-seven citizens of Greencastle, agreeing to support the fam- 
 ilies of the members of the Greencastle company during their absence in de- 
 fense of their country. Dr. William Grubb's name was first, and Mr. Ruth- 
 rauff' s second on that list. This document is now in the hands of Mr. Ruth- 
 rauff. It was written and signed three days after the firing on Port Sumter. 
 Mr. Ruthrauff, with the assistance of the loyal citizens of the township, raised 
 $31,000 in four days, 16th to 19th of April, 1864, and in four days after had paid 
 sixty-two men $500 each, and they were mustered into the United States service. 
 The devotion to the Union cause was such that the above named amount was 
 raised without any assurance of it being refunded, but it depended on the Legis- 
 lature to pass a special act authorizing the school board of the township to 
 levy, collect and pay over to the treasurer the above amount, which was ac- 
 complished the following spring, and the amount returned to each one of 
 the contributors. Mr. Ruthrauff lost considerable by Lee's army, and was 
 obliged to "make himself scarce" when it was here. He was married to 
 Margaret Jane Rankin, a daughter of Andrew B. and Margaret (Ritchie), 
 Rankin, and they have had six children, two of whom died when young; four 
 now living: Mary B., married to S. J. Strete; William, in the livery busi- 
 ness in Greencastle, married to Florence Hammond; Margaret, married to 
 Frederick Fletcher; John R., an attorney at Greencastle, married to Miss Mar- 
 garet Lawshe, of Lewisburg, Union Co. , Penn. Mr. Ruthrauff and family 
 are members of the Presbyterian Church. He now lives on the old Rankin 
 homestead, which Squire Rankin bought in 1822 and on it built the house. 
 
 JAMES SHIREY, hotel-keeper, Greencastle, was born at that place, Oc- 
 tober 14, 1842, and is a son of David and Joanna (Fame) Shirey, the former 
 of Scotch-Irish and the latter of German descent. He passed his early years 
 in Greencastle, and in May, 1862, enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and 
 Twenty-sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered 
 in at Harrisburg. The regiment was soon afterward ordered to Washington 
 for duty, where it remained some time. It was then attached to Tyler's brig- 
 ade, being the First Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Army Corps; thence it was 
 ordered to Monocacy Junction, Md. On the night of the last day's fight at 
 
726 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Antietam it was ordered to the front, but under a flag of truce from Lee to 
 bury their dead the enemy escaped and retreated. The One Hundred and 
 Twenty-sixth broke camp in September, 1862, and took up a position in front 
 of Fredericksburg, and on the 13th of December, 1862, participated in the 
 last charge of the Union troops on the fortifications of that place. Mr. Shirey 
 was with his company in charge of the Fifth I. Battery and also in charge of 
 the enemy's works; the company charged within ninety feet of the works and 
 lost some twenty-eight killed and wounded out of a hundred. The Union troops 
 were repulsed and fell back and crossed the Eappahannock in the night. Soon 
 after Mr. Shirey was injured, and in consequence was sent to the hospital 
 and only rejoined, his company on the day of the battle of Chancellorsville. 
 His time had expired two days previous to the battle and a few days later the 
 regiment was ordered to Harrisburg, where it was mustered out, having served 
 about ten months. Mr. Shirey then returned home. In 1879 he began keep- 
 ing hotel in partnership with H. B. Gaff, in the " Franklin House, " an old 
 frame building. That same year they tore down the old building and erected 
 the fine brick known as the "Crow ell House," at an expense, including site 
 and buildings, of 118,000. In 1884 he sold out his interest, and March 16, 1885, 
 took charge of the "National Hotel" and conducted it until 1886. At that 
 time he again took charge of the " Crowell House," and is now conducting it. 
 Mr. Shirey is a member of the G. A. R. , a member of the committee in charge 
 of the erection of the Eihl monument. When the advance of Lee's army 
 reached Greencastle on their way to Gettysburg, Mr. Shirey carried the mes- 
 sage to Gen. Couch at Chambersburg, informing him that the rebels were on 
 Northern soU. This message resulted in sending out the company of which 
 private Rihl was a member, and he was killed one-half mile north of Green- 
 castle. Mr. Shirey was married to Clara, daughter of Abraham Donaldson, of 
 Washington County, Md., and by her has two children: Emma, born in 1873, 
 and David, born in 1874. Mrs. Shirey died February 10, 1887, after a short 
 illness. 
 
 SNIVELY FAMILY, of Franklin County. The fii'st representative and 
 founder of this family in the United States, was Johann Jacob Schenebele, 
 born in Switzerland in 1659, who, according to the family records, to secure 
 religious freedom and the privilege to worship God according to the dictates 
 of his conscience, emigrated from his native country, and located near Lan- 
 caster City, Lancaster Co., Penn., in 1714, and was naturalized at Philadel- 
 phia, Penn., October 14, 1729. He was a farmer in his native country, and, 
 owing to persecution for his religious views, was obliged to sacrifice a flock of 
 sheep and other farm products when he left it. He died in Lancaster County; 
 was a member of .the Mennonite Church. Of his children there is a record of 
 but one son, Jacob Snively, a' native of Switzerland, born December 21, 1694, 
 who is the founder of the Snively family in Franklin County. Coming there 
 in 1731 he bought land in 1734, about two miles northeast of Gb'eencastle in 
 a bee line, the same year building a log house. His first purchase was 500 
 acres to which he afterward added some 1000 acres more. By the above it 
 will be seen he was a man of substance, and evidently of considerable business 
 ability, as he acted for some time as collector of taxes and agent for the Penns. 
 He was married twice, and by his first wife (name unknown) were three daugh- 
 ters: Magdalena, Eve and Anna, and two sons: John and Christian. After his 
 first wife's death he was married, April 14, 1736, to Barbara Eberle, to which 
 union were born fouiteen children: Henry, Joseph, Andrew, Michael, Jacob, 
 Fannie, Catherine, Susanna, Elizabeth, Anna Mary, Mary, Catherine, Chris- 
 tiana and Barbara. The father of the above family died August 24,1766, and 
 
ANTBIM TOWNSHIP. 727 
 
 his widow some years afterward. He and his wives are buried about 100 yards 
 north from the site where he built his pioneer log cabin; the burial place is 
 surrounded by a substantial stone wall, three and one-half feet high and three 
 feet thick, and is eighteen feet square; the center space is filled with earth to 
 the top of the wall, and in this space lie the remains of the pioneers. On the 
 site of the log cabin his son, Andrew, built a substantial stone structure in 
 1781, which to all appearances still stands solid as when first erected. On the 
 other side of the road, 100 yards distant, this same Andrew built a large brick 
 residence for his son, Maj. Henry Snively, in 1799; this residence is also in a 
 good state of preservation. One quarter of a mile south of the above burial 
 place is another ground, where lie buried a number of the Snively family, 
 -among whom is Andrew above mentioned, who died in 1813, aged sixty- two 
 years; his first wife, nee Anna Funk, who died in 1788 aged thirty-four years; 
 his second wife, nee Magdalena Shenk, who died October 20, 1830, aged sixty- 
 seven years, and a bachelor son of Andrew, also named Andrew, who died in 
 1850, aged fifty-nine years. 
 
 Joseph Snively, a son of Jacob and Barbara (Bberle) Snively, was born 
 December 19, 1748, and was married to Magdalena Stoner June 13, 1771. 
 To this union were born the following children: Barbara, Jacob, Magdalena, 
 Anna, Elizabeth, John, Joseph and Benjamin. The father of the above fam- 
 ily died October 30, 1833, the mother August 25, 1793, and they are buried in 
 Cedar Hill Cemetery. He was a farmer and owned 1,000 acres of land south 
 and east of Shady Grove. 
 
 Joseph Snively, a son of Joseph and Magdalena (Stoner) Snively, was 
 bom December 12, 1786, and was married May 28, 1811, to Anna Baehtel. 
 He was a prominent farmer of his day, owning some 1, 000 acres or more of 
 land, and lived on what was known as the " Mansion Farm," being the old 
 homestead of his father, near Shady Grove. He was a practical surveyor, and 
 during his whole life was engaged more or less in that business. He was a 
 Whig, and was elected by his party as a member of the constitutional conven- 
 tion of 1838, in which body he served; he was highly respected and trusted, 
 and acted as administrator in the settlement of several estates. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Mennonite Church, in which faith he died August 22, 1872, and his 
 wife June 13, 1853. They are buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery. Their children 
 were named Isaac, Mary, Benjamin, Christiana, Joseph, Samuel B., David, 
 Andrew, Nancy, Daniel and Emma A. 
 
 Benjamin Snively, a son of Joseph and Anna (Baehtel) Snively, was born May 
 '9, 1817, on the old homestead near Shady GtTove, this county. He was mar- 
 ried December 12, 1839, to Matilda Mitchell. He resides on his farm, a mile 
 ■west of Shady Grove, Antrim Township. He is a Eepublican, and during the 
 war was a finn friend to the Union cause, and has served his township in va- 
 rious offices of public trust. Mr. and Mrs. Snively have had born to them the 
 following named children: Catherine N., Isaac, who enlisted and served some 
 ten months in the Union army during the war of the Eebellion, and who is now 
 deceased; James Ross, Benjamin, Jr., William Stewart, Edith M., Mary L. 
 and Warren. Mr. and Mrs. Snively and family are members of the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 LEMUEL SNIVELY, farmer, P. O. Greencastle. Jacob Snively, the first of 
 the family in this township, built a small log house in 1734, which remained stand- 
 ing until 1781, vrhen the stone house now standing was built by Andrew Snive- 
 ly, a son of Jacob, the first settler. This stone house is directly opposite the 
 present brick residence of Lemuel Snively, the last being built by Andrew for 
 his son, Maj. Henry Snively, in 1799. Lemuel Snively was bom July 19, 1834, 
 
728 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and is the son of Samuel who was the son of Andrew, the son of Jacob, 
 the first settler. His mother was Susannah Snively, the daughter of Jacob 
 Snively, who was the son of Joseph, who was the son of Jacob, the first settler. 
 Thus it will be seen he is a descendant in a double degree of the first Johann 
 Jacob, who settled in Lancaster County, Penn., in 1714 Oiu- subject was 
 reared to the life of a farmer, in the meantime attending the seminaries at 
 Greencastle, Chambersburg, and Mercersburg, thus laying the foundation for 
 an education. Subsequently he prepared for, and became a student at Dick- 
 inson College in 1853, remaining there one year and closing his school days. 
 He was married December 20, 1860, to Anna Mary Eowe, a daughter of 
 Hon. John Eowe. Some time afterward he took charge of the homestead 
 farm of 131 acres, belonging to his father, which he has conducted up to date. 
 Mr. Snively is a Kepublican, and an active worker and influential man in his 
 party. He has served successively in the following offices: Township clerk, 
 three terms; auditor, three terms, and county auditor for one term of three 
 years. His home place consists of 100 acres, and is part of the original tract 
 taken up by Jacob Snively in 1784, thus being in the family 152 years. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Snively have six children: John Rowe, Susan Almira, Bell Gilmore, 
 Elizabeth Prather, Watson and Samuel. The parents are members of the 
 Presbvterian Church. 
 
 DANIEL SNIVELY, born June 29, 1802, at the old homestead, near Green- 
 castle, was for many years one of theleadingmerchantsof Greencastle; Janu- 
 ary 24, 1833, married Mary Ann Culbertson, who was born October 3, 1811, 
 in the village of New Market, Dauphin County, .Penn. Their children are: 
 
 Eev. William Andrew Snively, D. D., born December 6, 1833, was 
 educated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, in the class of 1852; clergyman of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church ; has been associate rector of St. Andrew' s Church, 
 Pittsburgh, Penn. ; rector of Christ's Church, Cincinnati, Ohio; rector of St. 
 Peter's Church, Albany, N. Y., and for twelve years past has been rector of 
 Grace Church, Brooklyn Heights, N. Y. ; was clerical deputy to the general 
 convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1871, 1874, 1877, 1880, 1883 
 and 1886; member of the board of missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church; 
 Standing Committee of the board of trustees of the General Theological Semi- 
 nary, New York; member of the executive committee of the society for the in- 
 crease of the ministry, chairman of the missionary committee of the diocese of 
 Long Island and trustee of the Cathedral of the Incarnation, Garden City, L. I. 
 He has published ' ' Sermons during the War, ' ' 1865 ; ' ' The Ober-Ammergau 
 Passion Play," 1vol., 8 vo., 1881; " The Cathedral System in the American 
 Church," 1877; "Genealogical Memoranda" of the Snively family, A. D. 
 1659, A. D. 1882; "Science and Religion," a sermon before the Lehigh. 
 University, Bethlehem, Penn., 1884; articles in American Church Review BmA 
 in the Homiletic Review. 
 
 Joseph Culbertson Snively, M. D., bom January 17, 1836, graduated at 
 Dickinson College in 1857, studied medicine at Long Island College Hospital, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. , and practiced medicine in the same city until his death, which 
 occurred in 1885. 
 
 Daniel Duncan Snively, bom March 9, 1838, removed to Texas and en- 
 gaged in stock raising; died at Sequin, Texas, October 26, 1862. 
 
 Julia Frances Snively, born April 30, 1840, and married to William H. 
 Lewis, resides in Evanston, 111. 
 
 Anna Mary Culbertson Snively, born September 23, 1843, married ta 
 Hon. Francis Colton of Washington, D. C. 
 
 John Culbertson Snively, born September 28, 1865 ; farmer in Nebraska. 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 729 
 
 Rev. Summeefield E. Snively, M. D., born Juae 10, 1848; graduated at 
 DickinBon College, 1869; studied medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, 
 Philadelphia; completed his studies in Germany; returned to the United States 
 and studied theology at Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn. , ordained 
 to the ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and was for three years as- 
 sistant minister in Grace Church, Brooklyn Heights, and is now (1886) rector 
 of St Paul's Church, Flatbush, L. I. 
 
 Rev. Thaddeus Alexander Snively, born February 1, 1851, graduated at 
 Dickinson College in 1869; graduated at Berkley Divinity School in 1872; in 
 1875 traveled in Europe and the Holy Land; ordained to ministry of the Prot- 
 estant Episcopal Church, and has been rector of St. John's Church, Hunting- 
 ton, L. I., Christ Church, Quincy, Mass., and at present is rector of St. John's 
 Church, Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Daniel Snively, born June 29, 1802, died at Brooklyn, N. Y., October 15, 
 1880. Mary Ann Culbertson, his wife, born October 3, 1811, died at Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y. , October 6, 1880. Both are buried at New Albany, Ind. , at which 
 place they resided for some years. 
 
 SAMUEL B. SNIVELY (deceased) was a son of Joseph and Anna (Bachtel)) 
 Snively, born July 27, 1825, in Antrim Township, this county, about one mUe 
 east of Shady Grove, on the farm of 300 acres owned by his grandfather, 
 Joseph Snively, and his father, Joseph Snively. The warrant for this land' 
 was granted to Jacob Snively in 1762, and has remained in this family up to 
 this date; Samuel B. Snively was reared on this farm, and lived here all his 
 life conducting it. He was a surveyor, attending to a great deal of that work 
 in his vicinity, and was trusted and honored as an honest, upright man. He 
 had the settlement of quite a number of estates. He was a member of the 
 Reformed Church, which he served first as deacon and afterward as elder for 
 many years. He died October 2, 1882, leaving a widow and family of five 
 children: Joseph L., M. D. ; Mary E., Emma F., Annie B. and Nora H. He 
 is buried in Greencastle Cemetery. He was married February 24, 1850, to 
 Miss Maria Tritle, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Hege) Tritle (the Tritles were of 
 German extraction), of Guilford Township, this county, near Grindstone Hill 
 Church. Soon after marriage they began keeping house at the present home- 
 stead, one and a half miles east of Shady Grove. The widow and all the 
 children^ except one, live there. Emma F. married C. Keifer Kiesacker and 
 resides near Greencastle. Dr. Joseph L. Snively, son of Samuel B. and Maria 
 (Tritle) Snively, was educated at Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster 
 City, graduating there in 1874. In the fall of the same year he began reading 
 medicine in the office of Dr. Senseney, of Chambersburg, and graduated at 
 JefEerson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1877. He has been practicing 
 in Antrim Township since his graduation, and he lives on and has charge of 
 the old homestead. His family are connected -.vith the Reformed Church. In 
 politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 MELCHI SNIVELY, farmer. Shady Grove, was born January 9, 1816, 
 about three-quarters of a mile southeast of Shady Grove, this county, on land 
 that has been in the hands of the family for over 120 years, and is now owned; 
 by our subject. His grandparents were Joseph and Magdalena (Stoner)( 
 Snively, his parents being John and Catherine (Poormg,n) Snively, the former of 
 whom was born December 5, 1783, on the old homestead, one mile southeast 
 of Shady Grove; was there reared, and bought 300 acres of land (part of the 
 homestead) of his father. June 28, 1810, he married Catherine Poorman, by 
 whom he had five children, four of whom grew up; Elizabeth, Magdalena, 
 Melchi and Ann Catherine. The father died April 12, 1827. Our subject was 
 
 40 
 
730 BIOGRAFHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 reared on a f ai-m, and at the age of fourteen was employed as a clerk in a 
 store in Lebanon County, Penn. When nineteen years old he began farming 
 the 300 acres of land inherited from his father, and has carried on farming 
 and stock raising ever since. In 1848 he established the "first store opened at 
 Shady Grove, which was continued for three years, and the store with little 
 exception has been conducted by some member of the family ever since, the 
 proprietor at present being his grandson, E. S. Snively. Mr. Snively still 
 carries on farming extensively, and has some 450 acres of land in this town- 
 ship, having already disposed of 300 acres. He is at present living in Shady 
 Grove, in a fine brick residence built by him. in 1848 at a cost of $3,000. Our 
 subject was married August 8, 1837, to Elizabeth Newcomer, by whom he had 
 five children: Frederick B., born June 17, 1838; William, December 16, 1839; 
 George, September 9, 1841; Scott, September 9, 1845, and Virginia, May 18, 
 1847. Scott resides at Arkoe, a railroad station in Nodaway County, Mo. 
 Oeorge lives on the home place. Frederick B. lost his life at the burning of 
 the Washington House, Hagerstovm, Md., May 30, 1879. Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Snively dying August 9, 1861, Mr. Snively married June 9, 1863, Mrs. 
 Catherine Boj'd, daughter of James Kennedy, and a native of Ireland, having 
 come to'tMs country with her parents when five years of age. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Snively are members of the Beformed Presbyterian Church. He- is a Bepub- 
 lican in politics, and has served his township in some local offices, such as 
 school director, etc. He was a charter member in organizing the national 
 bank at Greencastle, and a director for some years; was appointed first post- 
 master at Shady Grove (in 1849) and, with the exception of three or four years, 
 himself or some member of his family has held the office until removed by 
 President Cleveland in 1885. 
 
 FBEDEEICK B. SNIVELY (deceased) son of Melchi Snively, was born June 
 17, 1838, in Antrim Township, this county, near Shady Grove, and was educated 
 at Mt. HoUy, N. J. ; afterward at Mercefsburg, Penn. He was inarried in 1860 
 to Miss Cornelia Hammond, daughter of John and Elizabeth (O'Neal) Ham- 
 mond of near Benevola P. O., in Washington County, Maryland. Mr. Snively 
 was a prominent business man of Antrim Tovmship, and kept store at Shady 
 Grove for over twenty years. He was an ardent Bepublican and took an 
 ^active part in the public affairs of the county. While on bosiness at Hagers- 
 town buying wool, the Washington Hotel, now the Baldwin House, took fire, 
 And his room being on the third floor he jumped to the ground, receiving in- 
 juries from which he died May 31, 1879, only one day after the accident, leav- 
 ing four children (one other was born some time afterward) : Edwin S. , bom 
 June 15, 1864; Jessie Estella, born January 23, 1868; Catherine K., No- 
 vember 19, 1872; Nellie C, born March 19, 1876; Frederick Bryan, born 
 January 20, 1880. Mr. Snively was a member of the German Beformed 
 Church, as is also his widow, who still resides at Shady Grove. Edwin S. 
 Snively, a son of our subject, was educated at Ursinus College, Montgomery 
 County, Penn., where he graduated in 1881, and two years afterward became 
 a partner with his grandfather, Melchi Snively, at Shady Grove, and in March, 
 1886, became sole proprietor of the business, which he is now conducting. 
 
 GEOBGE B. SNIVELY, farmer, P. O. Shady Grove, son of Melchi 
 Snively, was born September 9, 1841, and was reared to the life of a farmer, 
 in the meantime receiving the advantages of the schools in his native place, 
 and subsequently two years' attendance at the Mercersburg Institute. , October 
 12, 1862, he enlisted on the Union side in the war of the Bebellion, in Company 
 G, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and was mustered into the 
 United States service at Harrisburg in November, same year. The regiment 
 
ANTEIM TOWNSHIP. 731 
 
 -was soon ordered to Opequon Creek, Virginia, on active duty, and our sub- 
 ject subsequently participated in the following battles: Opequon Creek, De- 
 cember 19, 1862; Beverly Ford, June 9, 1863; Upperville, June 21, 1863, 
 where he had a horse killed under him; Gettysburg (and here had another 
 horse killed under him), where he was detailed as mounted orderly at head- 
 quarters First Division, remaining as such to the end of service; Culpeper, 
 where he had a horse wounded under him; Eaccoon Ford; Brandy Station, 
 where he also had a horse wounded under him; Oak Hill; Wilderness, May 
 8, 1864, where a bullet passed through his clothes; Glenallen Station, 
 Meadow Bridge, Old Church Tavern, Cold Harbor, Whitehouse Landing,' 
 Newtown, Deep Bottom, Berryville, Va., Kearneysville, Smithfield, Williams 
 Grove Mills, and Winchester (horse killed under him), and was also present 
 at the surrender of Gen. Lee. He was mustered out in October, 1865, at 
 Louisville, Ky., and returned to his home in Antrim Township. Mr. Snively 
 was married February 5, 1867, to Mary E. Kennedy, a daughter of Lazarus 
 Kennedy, of Antrim Township, this county, and commenced keeping house the 
 same year on his father's farm, operating the place one year, when he removed 
 to Nodaway County, Mo. , and farmed two years, then returned to this town- 
 ship, where he has resided ever since, farming 175 acres of the homestead of 
 his father. Mr. and Mrs. Snively have the following named children: Mi- 
 nerva, born May 25, 1868; Melchi K., born March 27, 1872; Franklin B., 
 born December 18, 1873; Harvey N., November 20, 1875; George M., Sep- 
 tember 15, 1877; Luella, June 2, 1880, and John Earle, June 30, 1885. Mr. 
 Snively is a charter member of the G. A. E. , Post 438, or Corporal Eihl Post, 
 and has been its quartermaster ever since. He is a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church; in politics a Eepublican. 
 
 J. STOTJFFEE SNIVELY, farmer, P. O. Greencastle, born in Antrim 
 Township, August 14, 1847, is a son of Jacob H. and Catherine (StoufPer) 
 Snively. At sixteen years of age he began managing the old homestead for 
 his mother, and carried it on until he was twenty-five years of age ; then, hav- 
 ing neglected his education somewhat, he became a student at Millersville 
 State Normal School, in Lancaster County, Penn. After remaining there 
 some time his duties again called him home to attend to the farm. Subse- 
 quently he, with the idea of locating, traveled through the West for some eight 
 months, but finally returned home; was married soon afterward, and May 1, 
 1877, entered into a partnership to do a general commission business at Green- 
 castle, and in the summer of 1878, having bought out his partner's interests, 
 the firm of J. Stouffer Snively & Co. was established with W. G. Davison as 
 a partner, the firm continuing the same to the present date (1887). Mr. Snively 
 now lives, on a' farm one mUe and a half from Greencastle, which he conducts, 
 still retaining his interest in the commission business. Mrs. Snively having died 
 in 1885, his family now consists only of his four boys: Clarence E., born April 
 24, 1876; J. Howard, bom August 1, 1877; Charles E., born January 2, 1879, 
 and Frank Ellis, born December 30, 1880. The farm on Which Mr. Snively 
 now resides has been in the family for over 150 years. The family attend 
 the services of the New Mennonite Church. In politics Mr. Snively is a Ee- 
 publican. Jacob H. Snively (deceased) was bom March 25, 1806, on the old 
 homestead of his parents, John (born February 25, 1766) and Anna (Hege) 
 Snively, one mile east of Greencastle. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, 
 and on his father's death (June 30, 1844,) purchased the homestead consisting 
 of 170 acres, where he lived and conducted the farm until his death, which 
 occurred May 3, 1852. He was an able and progressive citizen, a great friend 
 and advocate of the free school s; stem, and a supporter of all those public en- 
 
732 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 terprises and improvements calculated to benefit' the many. He lies buried in 
 the family lot on the home place; his widow, whose maiden name was Cather- 
 ine StoufPer, to whom he was married March 8, 1838, now lives on the old 
 homestead with four of her children that remain single: Martha B., Catherine 
 S., Maria A. and Benjamin F. who manages the farm; the other children are 
 Annie E., born April 24, 1839, married to Christian Strite, and J. StoufiFer 
 Snively, mentioned elsewhere. The parents of John Snively, who was born 
 February 25, 1766, were Christian and Margaret (Washabaugh) Snively, the 
 former of whom was a son of the pioneer, Jacob Snively, by first marriage. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SNIVELY, Greencastle, was born February 5, 1843, a son 
 of Samuel and Susan Snively, the former a son of Andrew and the latter a 
 daughter of Jacob Snively, who was the son of Joseph Snively, Andrew and 
 Joseph being the sons of Jacob Snively. Our subject was reared to and learned 
 the vocation of a farmer. September 3, 1862, when nineteen years of age, he 
 enlisted in the Union Army during the war of the Rebellion, in Company K, 
 One Handi-ed and Twenty-sixth Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served 
 until the expiration of his term of enlistment, which was nine months. In 
 October, 1864, he again enlisted, this time in Company K, Twenty-first Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry, and served until the end of the war, making in his two en- 
 listments nearly two years' service. He was in the battle of Chancellorsville 
 (where he was taken prisoner and held twelve days, when he was paroled) and 
 in several skirmishes; he was with the Army of the Potomac throughout the 
 whole time of service. He returned home in 1865. In 1872 he was married 
 to Miss Nannie Gearhart, and they have one child, Maiy Georgietta, born in 
 December, 1874. 
 
 JACOB S. SNIVELY, county commissioner, P. O. Chambersburg, was 
 born in Antrim Township, this county, January 3, 1837, the second son of 
 Samuel and Susan Snively. He was educated in the public schools and Fay- 
 etteville Academy, and was reared on the home farm to agricultural pursuits. 
 He married, December 4, 1856, Margaret H. , daughter of Squire Peter Snider, 
 a former well known resident of Guilford Township, this county. Mr. Snively 
 remained at home until October 16, 1862, when he raised Company D, One 
 Hundred and Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, of which he was 
 elected first lieutenant; he served out his term of enlistment and was mustered 
 out at Harrisburg August 12, 1863. He again enlisted in 1864, this time in 
 the Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served until the close of the war, 
 being mustered out at Lynchburg, Va. , in July, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Snively 
 are parents of seven children: Clara B., S. F., SpragueB., Harry (deceased), 
 Bertha C. (deceased), Claud S. and Stuart M. (deceased). The eldest son, S. 
 F., a lawyer in Duluth, Minn., is a graduate of Dickinson College and of 
 the law department of the university of Philadelphia; the second son, Sprague 
 E., is engaged in mining in LeadvUle, Col.; the others are at home. Mr. 
 Snively was elected county commissioner in 1884, a position he still fills. He 
 is much interested in school matters and has been school director for several 
 years. He and his family are members of the Methodist Church. In politics 
 he is a Republican. 
 
 HENRY STRICKLER, Greencastle. The Stricklers of this county are of 
 Gei-man-Swiss descent, and came here from York County, Penn., near the 
 Lancaster County line. Henry Strickler was the first of the name to locate in 
 this county, settling near Greencastle in the year 1807. His children were 
 Martha, Elizabeth, Henry, Joseph, Barbara, Susan, Mary and Sarah. Joseph 
 mamed Mary Snively, and their children were Snively; Henry, our subject; 
 Joseph B. and Abraham H. Snively was a lawyer by profession and practiced 
 
ANTBJM TOWNSHIP. 733 
 
 in Chambersburg for a number of years; published the leading Eepublioan 
 newspaper of the county, the Repository and Transcript (now the Repository), 
 for a short time; afterward removed to Greencastle, where he died. Joseph 
 B. followed merchandising at Greencastle for some years ; was a first lieutenant 
 in Company C, Second Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, in 1861; moved to 
 Nemaha County, Neb. , in 1872, and is farming. Abraham H. is a prominent 
 physician, residing in Waynesboro, whose biography will be found elsewhere 
 in this volume. Henry Striokler, the subject of this sketch, a grandson of the 
 pioneer, Henry and a son of Joseph and Mary (Snively) Striokler, the latter a 
 daughter of Peter and Elizabeth (Hollinger) Snively, was born two miles east 
 of Brown's Mill, in Antrim Township, this county, February 28, 1834, and at 
 the age of eighteen began learning the saddler trade at Greencastle, afterward 
 finishing his apprenticeship at Martinsburg, Va. In 1861 he became Ijook- 
 keeper in the office of the Repository and Transcript, in Chambersburg; in 
 August, 1862, under the call for nine months' volunteer troops, he resigned 
 his position and enlisted in defense of the Union in Compsmy K, One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and when 
 mustered in at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, Penn. , was made a sergeant. The 
 company at once moved to the front, and was made part of the Army of the 
 Potomac. At the battle of Fredericksburg, Va. , December 13, 1862, the com- 
 pany was in the division commanded by Gen. Humphrey in his noted charge 
 on the stone wall at " Marie's Heights. " In this charge he was severely 
 wounded in the left arm by a minie-ball from the enemy, the ball entering 
 the wrist and passing out at the elbow, shattering the arm and necessitating 
 immediate amputation. In 1863 he received the nomination, and was elected 
 register and recorder of the county for the term of three years; was re-elected 
 in 1866, serving two terms. In March, 1872, he was appointed and commis- 
 sioned general United States store-keeper of internal revenue, and in January, 
 1877, deputy collector of internal revenue for the district composed of Frank- 
 lin and other counties; held the latter position until July, 1885. He was 
 married December 24, 1883, to Miss Anna M. Fleming, a daughter of William 
 Wallace Fleming, of Greencastle. They have two children: Mary Ida and 
 Arthur Fleming. Mr. Strickler is a member of the Christian Church and Mrs. 
 Strickler of the Presbyterian. 
 
 EEV. JAMES B. WEIDLEE, pastor of the United Brethren Church, 
 Greencastle, is a native of Southampton Township, this county, born in April, 
 1850, and is a son of Reuben and Catherine (Holl) Weidler. Our subject ob- 
 tained his literary education in the common and select schools of his native 
 tovniship, and at the normal school at Shippensburg. He began teaching 
 flchool January 1, 1871, in Wan-en Township, and followed that calling 
 until March, 1881, having taught eleven terms, eight of them in Porter Town- 
 ship, Schuylkill County. During the last two years of his teaching he studied 
 theology, preparing himself for the ministry, and in March, 1881, took charge 
 of th« United Brethren Church of Path Valley, this county, and supplied that 
 congregation as their minister for four years. In the spring of 1885 he was 
 appointed by the conference pastor of the Greencastle United Brethren Church. 
 Mr. Weidler was married in October, 1875, to Sarah E. Swab, a daughter of 
 Jacob W. Swab, of Dauphin County, Penn. 
 
 P. S. WILHELM, Greencastle. The Wilhelms are of Prussian descent, 
 and their ancestors located in Bucks County, Penn. , about the year 1700, and 
 in Franklin County about 1788. Henry Wilhelm was a native of Bucks County, 
 Penn. , born in 1775, and leaving there when about fifteen years of age, sub- 
 sequently settled in Antrim Township, this county; he married Elizabeth Car- 
 
734 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 penter in 1800, in the house in Greencastle where his daughter, Mrs. Dr. 
 Michael, now lives, it then being a hotel. He kept " Wilhelm s Hotel four 
 miles west of Greencastle on the Mercersburg pike; was also a fanner and 
 dealer in stock, driving his stock in droves to Baltimore; he was a member of 
 the German Eeformed Chui-ch; he died in 1847, aged seventy-three; his widow, 
 nee Elizabeth Carpenter, died in May, 1871, aged eighty-eight; they both he 
 side by side in Cedar Hill Cemetery, Greencastle. They had the following 
 named children: Daniel; John; Samuel, the father of P. S. Wilhelm; Sid- 
 ney; Maria, who married Dr. Charles Michael, a native of Hanover, York 
 County, and who practiced medicine in Greencastle from 1831 to 1871, when 
 he died (the widow still resides there); Henry, Jr. ; William; Amanda M., wha 
 married Bev. Christian Kunkel (she is a widow living at Greencastle); Sarah 
 Belle, married to William McCowry of Greencastle (she is also a widow). The 
 mother of this family was a member of the Lutheran Church. Samuel Wil- 
 helm was born in Antrim Township, Franklin County, in 1805, and when 
 thirty-two years of age left his father's house in Antrim Township, and took 
 possession of the " Three Mile House," a hotel on the Hookstown road, three 
 miles from Baltimore, keeping that for several years. He established a cattle 
 yard at 953 West Pratt Street, Baltimore, and became largely interested in 
 dealing in stock, under the firm name of Samuel Wilhelm; afterward he took 
 Joseph Judick as a partner, and the firm was known as Wilhelm & Judick. 
 This was continued a number of years when they dissolved partnership, and 
 Mr. Wilhelm took in Sheeler and Eipple, under the firm name of S. Wilhelm & 
 Co. After several years this was dissolved; then he took in two nephews, 
 William F. and C. H. Kunkel, and his son W. S. Wilhelm, under the firm 
 name of S. Wilhelm & Co. He died in April, 1873, aged sixty-nine, and was 
 buried in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore, Md. He left an estate of 
 upward of $500,000, the accumulation of thirty-seven years' application to 
 business. The name of the firm still remains the same, although the 
 family have sold their entire interest. He was a director of the Baltimore & 
 Ohio Railroad for some time, and director in several banks in the city of Bal- 
 timore. His was the first regular cattle yard established in Baltimore, and 
 the firm name is the oldest established in the cattle and stock business in the 
 city. He left a family of four children: Georgia, Francis, Emma and Per- 
 kins S. 
 
 Perkins S. Wilhelm is the only one of the children of the above now living- 
 in Franklin County. He is a native of Baltimore, born in 1850, and was edu- 
 cated in the schools of Baltimore. He was married in November, 1880, to A. 
 Belle Kunkel, a daughter of the Rev. Frederick Kunkel, a Lutheran minister. 
 Mr. Wilhelm has resided at Greencastle since his marriage, and in 1885 built 
 an elegant modern brick residence, fitted with all recent improvements, where 
 he now lives. 
 
 COL. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN WINGER, attorney at law, Greencastle. 
 This gentleman is descended from one of the oldest Pennsylvania families, 
 both on the paternal and maternal side, and on both sides is of pure Swiss de- 
 scent. The progenitors of the family, who immigrated to this country, were 
 Huguenots. The three families from which our subject is descended, were the 
 Witmers, who settled in Lancaster County, Perm. , in 1716, the Buckwalters, 
 in 1720, and Karl Michael Winger, who settled there in 1736. One of the 
 tracts of land taken up by him is still owned and retained in the Winger name, 
 direct from William Penn. Jacob, a son of Karl, married Mary Weaver, to 
 whom were born five children. Their youngest, Joseph Winger, was bom 
 March 18, 1807. He married Esther Buckwalter, born in Lancaster County 
 
ANTRIM TOWNSHIP. 735 
 
 in 1812, a daughter of Abraham and Nancy (Witmer) Buckwalter. To Joseph 
 and Esther (Buckwalter) Winger were born sixteen children, and of this large 
 family three died in infancy, one at the age of seventeen, eleven were married 
 and had families, and one remains single. Eleven of the family are still liv- 
 ing, and of this large family the subject of this sketch is the fourth child. He 
 was born November 27, 1835, in Salisbury Township, Lancaster Co., Penn., 
 on the old William Penn road, within a mile of what was known as the • ' Old 
 Compass Tavern." His father, who was a farmer, removed with his family 
 and settled in Montgomery Township, this county, in 1838, where, besides his 
 farming interests, he also. carried on a general store; also was postmaster, keep- 
 ing the office in his store at Clay Lick. Col. Winger was reared to agricultural 
 pursuits, until at the age of fourteen he was employed as a clerk in a general 
 store at Mercer sburg, and at eighteen took charge of his father's store at Clay 
 Lick, this county, conducting the business until 1860. During this time. May 
 20, 1857, he was married to Susan J. Duffield, a daughter of William Duffield, a, 
 prominent farmer of Montgomery Township, this county, who was of Scotch- 
 Irish descent. In 1860 he moved to Philadelphia, where he was employed a&. 
 a salesman in a dry goods house, and the following year became a partner in 
 the concern. In March, 1862, he turned his attention to reading and the 
 study of law in the office of Tenner & Davis, the same year selling and 
 closing out his dry goods business. The Colonel had during his residence in 
 Franklin County been prominently identified as an officer of the State militia. 
 In 1857 he was elected captain of a volunteer cavalry company, called the 
 ' ' Union Horse Guards, ' ' served for some years, and was afterward appointed 
 and served as aid-de-camp to Brig. -Gen. McAUen, with rank as captain (both 
 commissions were issued by Gov. William F. Packer, and are dated respectively 
 July 5, 1858, and May 7, 1860). While connected with the militia service he- 
 attended the encampments at McConnellsburg, Chambersburg and Waynes^ 
 boro, from which experience he had acquired much practical knowledge' 
 of military matters, and in the summer of 1862 he proffered his services 
 to Gov. Curtin, to serve in the Union Army in the war of the Eebellion. His 
 services were promptly accepted, and August 28, 1862, he was commissioned 
 by the governor as first lieutenant of Company D, One Hundred and Twelfth 
 Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteers (Second Artillery), and was soon after- 
 ward ordered on active duty to Washington, D. C. , where the regiment 
 remained until the spring of 1864. In October, 1862, he was detailed 
 by Gen. Banks, commanding the defenses north of the Potomac, on re- 
 cruiting service, with directions to open an office in Chambersburg. 
 He arrived at that place October 10, and in the morning rented an office for 
 recruiting purposes, and the evening of the same day rebel Gen. Stuart, with 
 2,000 picked Virginia cavalrymen, made his raid on the doomed city. Lieut. 
 Winger doffed his uniform and donned a citizen' s garb, thereby escaping capt- 
 ure. Joseph Winger, the father of Lieut. Winger, postmaster at Clay Lick, 
 had been taken prisoner by Stuart, and while at Chambersburg was on parole ; 
 and although urged by his son and others to escape, would hot violate his pa- 
 role, so was taken South and confined in Libby Prison some two months. The 
 lieutenant enlisted during the following six months 166 m^ i. and rejoined his 
 regiment April 3, 1863. Soon after he became one of the staff of Col. Gibson^ 
 then in command of a brigade, the lieutenant acting as assistant inspector-gen- 
 eral. In the spring of 1864 the regiment was ordered to Port Eoyal, Va.,, 
 where they became a part of the Eighteenth Corps, under Gen. Baldy Smith. 
 They took part in the battle of Cold Harbor, the Lieutenant having command of" 
 his company. Subsequently, in the battle of Petersburg, the captain of Com-- 
 
736 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 pany L being wounded, Lieut. Winger was assigned to its command, and 
 while there his company was under constant fire from the enemy for fifty-five 
 ■days. During this time the famous "Quaker Mine" was exploded. From 
 August 22 to December, 1864, the Lieutenant was on sick leave, and after re- 
 turning to his regiment, January 24, 1865, he was promoted to major and 
 given command of the regiment. Under his command the regiment from this 
 time was in one constant succession of engagements until the evacuation of 
 Richmond and surrender of Lee. He was promoted May 18, 1865, to lieuten- 
 ant-colonel, after which he was placed in command of Petetsburg, Va. , re- 
 lieving Gen. Hartsuff; there with his own and the One Hundred and Seventh 
 New York Kegiments he was given command of Surry County, Va. After this 
 county was "reconstructed" he was placed in command of nine counties, in- 
 cluding Nottoway, Charlotte, Halifax, Mecklenburgh, Lunenburgh, Amelia, 
 Prince Edward, Cumberland and Buckingham, with headquarters at Burke- 
 ville Junction. After administering the oath of allegiance, and reconstructing 
 "these counties, he was mustered out of the United States service at City Point, 
 Ta. , January 29, 1866. He then returned to Franklin County, and took 
 oharge of the Duffield farm in Montgomery Township, but in 1867 engaged in 
 ■mercantile business at Greencastle, where he established his residence. In 
 1870 he resumed the study of law in the office of Judge Rowe, and was admit- 
 ted to the Franklin County bar, March 12, 1872, since when he has been prac- 
 iticing at Greencastle. The Colonel, who is a Democrat, was elected in 1867 a 
 member of the Pennsylvania Legislature from Perry and Franklin Counties. 
 He became a member of the Masonic order at the age of twenty-one, and is 
 now high in degrees. He and his family are members of the Presbyterian 
 Ohurch. Mrs. Winger died in February, 1868, leaving three children: Blanche 
 D. , Esther E. (who died aged seventeen), and Mary B., who married June 1, 
 1886, Dr. Varden, and now resides at Englewood, Clarke Co., Kas. Col. 
 Winger was married the second time to Margaret K. Byer, of Washington 
 County, Md., and by this union there are two children: Rose and Frances. He 
 purchased the Echa printing office in 1868, which he conducted until 1876, 
 when he sold it to the present owner. In 1878, to aid an army comrade, Capt. 
 George C. Wilson, he established the Greencastle Press, and has since been its 
 proprietor, attending at the same time to his large law practice and other busi- 
 ness. The new postoffice, established in 1883, in Antrim Township, is called 
 Wingerton, deriving its name from this family. The origin of the name Wing- 
 er was from the locality in which they originally lived, in the immediate 
 mountainous vicinity of the " Wengern Alps" in the Canton of Zurich 
 (this is one of the highest langes of the Alps in Switzerland), thus Wengern an- 
 glicized to Winger. 
 
 GEORGE W. ZIEGLER, merchant, Greencastle, was born near Leiters- 
 burg, Washington Co. , Md. , April 30, 1810. Having obtained a fair education 
 in the subscription schools in vogue at that time, at the age of nineteen he be- 
 came an employe in a general store at Lei tersburg, where he'remained three years. 
 He was next engaged in selling goods in Hagerstown, Md., for one year; thence 
 in 1833 he came to Greencastle, where he bought out the interest of John G. Mil- 
 ler, in the firm of Stonebraker & Miller, consisting of a small stock of dry goods, 
 groceries, etc. , and formed a partnership with Mr. Stonebraker under firm name 
 of Stonebraker & Ziegler. The stock was somewhat increased by the new firm, 
 which continued in business until 1838, in which year Mr. Ziegler bought out 
 his partner's interest. He continued in the business alone until 1850, when 
 he formed a partnership with his brother David, under the firm name of George 
 W. Ziegler .&. Co. This firm continued until 1876, and was then changed to 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 737 
 
 Oeorge W. & D. Ziegler, which is the present style of the firm. This busi- 
 ness has been conducted on the same corner, and mainly in the same room, 
 since 1833, and Mr. Ziegler is now the oldest established merchant in Green- 
 castle. The average stock now carried by the firm is from $15,000 to $20,000, 
 and the business has continued to increase steadily, until it stands second of 
 its kind in the county. Mr. Ziegler was man-ied in 1842, in Greencastle, to 
 Miss Maria Fatzinger (daughter of George and Catherine Fatzinger), who died 
 in 1847, leaving three children, only one of whom, George Frederick, survives. 
 Our subject, from his first arrival in Greencastle, took an active interest in 
 politics. . He was first a Whig, and later a Eepublican. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Eepublican National Convention held at Philadelphia, in 1856, 
 which nominated John C. Fremont and William L. Dayton for President 
 and Vice-President of the United States. Mr. Ziegler was an ardent ad- 
 vocate "of the adoption of the free school system in Pennsylvania, and has 
 been its constant friend since its establishment. For the greater por- 
 tion of his life he has been the friend of the temperance cause. Although 
 born in a slave State, from early boyhood he firmly stood in opposition to 
 human slavery, and he was one of the earliest advocates in Franklin County 
 of extending the right of suffrage- to the freedman. Mr. Ziegler ever since 
 his residence in Greencastle has always been ready to lend a helping hand to 
 every enterprise that he has deemed worthy of his aid, and which in his judg- 
 ment was calculated to promote the interest, well-being and prosperity of the 
 town and its vicinity. He took a prominent part in the rehabilitation of the 
 Franklin Railroad after it had fallen into a state of complete dilapidation, and 
 also in all the preliminary work necessary for the establishment of the First 
 National Bank of Greencastle, in which he has been one of the directors from 
 its organization. 
 
 FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ALEXANDBE FAMILY OF PATH VALLEY: 
 
 Reynold Alexandeb, a Scotch-Irish Presbyterian, is found with a few 
 others, a settler in Path Valley, one mile south of the present village of Pry 
 Eun, as early as 1750. He was a man of good education, of strong religious 
 convictions and much personal courage. He was active in founding the Pres- 
 byterian Church at Spring Eun and was one of the original trustees to whom 
 Gov. John Penn made a grant of land "for a Presbyterian meeting-house and 
 burial ground" in 1764. He took up and acquired considerable landed es- 
 tates, which are mainly occupied by his descendants to the present time. His 
 sons were Eobert, James and William. He had also a daughter, Polly, who 
 became the wife of David Campbell, an elder in the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Col. William Alexander, youngest son of Eeynold, born in 1767, was, in 
 his day, one of the prominent citizens of the county. He was county com- 
 missioner in 1810-11; sheriff in 1811-14; county auditor 1815-16, and 
 represented the county in the Legislature in 1825-26. In 1814 he 
 raised a company of volunteers in his native valley, and, as their cap- 
 tain, mustered them into service against the British at Baltimore, just before 
 the appearance there of Lord Eoss. He subsequently bore a colonel's com- 
 mission. Anna Moore became his wife in his nineteenth year, and his sons 
 were Thomas, William, James, I'obert and Eandall ; and his daughters. Mar- 
 
738 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 garet, wife of Ebenezer McGinley; Mary, wife of David Elder; Anna, wife of 
 Andrew Wilson; Temperance, wife of Edward Kirkpatrick; Janett. wife of 
 John Templeton. 
 
 Thomas Alexandeb, son of the above, was sheriff of the county from 1814 
 to 1817. He subsequently removed West. He married in 1808, the widow 
 Susan Elder, nee Walker. His sons were William and James. 
 
 William Alexandeb, another son, was, at one time, a member of the Leg- 
 islature from Cumberland County. He died at Newville in August, 1837. 
 His wife's name was Osbom. 
 
 Eandall Alexakdeb, also son of Col. William Alexander, removed in early 
 life to the adjoining county of Huntingdon. He served many years in that 
 county as justice of the peace; was also an elder in the Presbyterian Church, 
 and, in 1836, received the Democratic nomination for the Legislature. He 
 was married in February, 1831, to Sarah H. Carothers and died at the age of 
 forty- six, leaving a widow, nine sons and two daughters, to wit: William, 
 Samuel C, John T., Thomas J., Robert M., Ann J., Mary E., Eandall M., 
 Geo. E. and David N. 
 
 Rev. William Alexandeb, D. D. , son of Randall, was born in 1881, grad- 
 uated from Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1858, and from Princeton Theo- 
 logical Seminary ' in 1861 ; became pastor of the Newbury Church, Williams- 
 port, the same year, was subsequentiy pastor of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Beloit, Wis. , and was called in 1869 to the church in San Jose, Cal. In 1871 
 he became president of City College in San Francisco, Cal. , and two years 
 later embarked with Dr. Scott in founding, under the auspices of the synod 
 of the Pacific, a theological seminary of the Presbyterian Church, at San 
 Francisco, Cal., of which institution he is at present a professor. He re- 
 ceived the degree of D. D., from Wooster University in 1876. He was mar- 
 ried in December, 1861, to Minerva Osbom. Their children are William, 
 Thomas Newton and Paul Clifton. 
 
 Rev. Samitel Carothees Alexandeb was bom near Shirleysburg in 1833, 
 graduated from Jefferson College, Penn. , in 1858, and from the Seminary, in 
 Columbia, S. C. , in 1861, and was pastor of Steele Creek Church, Mecklen- 
 burg County, N. C, till September, 1865. He was subsequently active in 
 founding and organizing Biddle University, at Charlotte, N. C. , and for the 
 last thirteen years has been the successful pastor of the large Upper Path 
 Valley Presbyterian Church, of which his great-grandfather was one of the 
 founders, and in the ruling eldership of which his descendants have been 
 represented in unbroken succession in each generation to the present time. 
 He was married in March, 1862, to Nannie R. Price of near Charlotte, N. C. 
 Their children are Alice M., William, Jessie L., Clara B., George E. and 
 Annie K. 
 
 Db. Randall M'Ginlet Alexandeb, also son of Randall, graduated from 
 Jefferson Medical College in 1872 and is now successfully practicing his pro- 
 fession in Fannettsburg, this coimty. He was married in 1^71 to Mary J 
 McGaughey. Their children are Newton, Frank and Archibald. 
 
 Hon. Thomas Jepfebson Alexandeb, son of Randall, bom March 13, 1838, 
 IS a merchant and resides in Nebraska, and is at present a member of the 
 Legislature of that State. He is unmarried. 
 
 -lOA^^' ^^°^'** Edmund Alexandeb, son of Randall, was bom October 15 
 1847, graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1874, and is now suc- 
 cessfQlly practicing his profession in San Ramon, Cal. He has acquired some 
 celebrity as a surgeon. He is married to Mary Lynch and has a son. Archi- 
 bald. 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 739 
 
 William Alexander, Esq. , son of John T. , and grandson of Randall, was 
 born 1859; studied law in Chambersbui-g, with the firm of Stenger & Mc- 
 Knight, was admitted to the bar in 1883, is chairman of the Democratic county 
 committee and is successfully practicing his profession in Chambersburg. 
 
 John Alexander, son of James, and grandson of Reynold, was born in 
 1800, and occupied and owned the mansion farm of his grandfather. He was 
 partly educated with a view to the ministry in the Presbyterian Church, but 
 feeble health compelled him to abandon it and turn his thoughts to agricultu- 
 ral pursuits, in which he was eminently successful. He acquired a large es- 
 tate, and was county commissioner from 1852 to 1854. He was for many years 
 a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church and was universally esteemed as a 
 man of probity and honor. His wife was Anna McCurdy, by whom he had the 
 following heirs: James, Mary J. McGinley and Margaret Blair. He died in 
 1876. 
 
 William M. Alexander, grandson of John, is a merchant in Dry Run, and 
 an honored elder in the Presbyterian Church. He was married November 
 26, 1885, to Nettie B. Wolf. 
 
 Joseph B. Alexander, a worthy and prosperous citizen of Path Valley, is 
 descended from Robert Alexander, son of Reynold, and is of the fifth genera- 
 tion from the original settler. Jacob Flickinger, late of Metal Township, 
 was descended, on his mother's side, from Reynold Alexander — was grandson 
 of Robert, and great-grandson of Reynold. He was married to Levinia Clip- 
 pinger, and their children are Edgar, William, Anna (Mrs. Shearer), Albert 
 and Clara. 
 
 JAMES H. ALEXANDER (deceased) was born in this township July .10, 
 1825, the only son of John Alexander. He was reared to farming and studied 
 surveying, which he followed for some time. In October, 1855, he married 
 Jane Stitt, and to them were born four children: Anna J., John W., William 
 M. and George. Mr. Alexander died of pneumonia February 6, 1864. Hft 
 was a consistent member of the Pre8b3rterian Church. His sons are engaged 
 in farming pursuits, except William M. , who is in mercantile business at Dry 
 Run, in partnership with W. H. Coons. William M. was born on the farm 
 June 6, 1860, and spent his boyhood on the same. In 1881 he engaged in 
 his present business with Mr. Coons under the firm name of Coons & Alexan- 
 der. They are young men of good habits, attentive to their business, and are 
 attaining success. Mr. Alexander was married in September, 1885, to Nettie 
 Wolff, a daughter of John Wolff. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church,, 
 and in politics is a Republican. 
 
 DR. IRVINE T. ANDREWS, dentist. Concord, was born in Columbia 
 County, Penn., May 24, 18-io, a son of Marlen Andrews (a native of New 
 Jersey, who came to Pennsylvania when a young man and died in 1879), 
 and Caroline (Wagoner) Andrews. Our subject left home in the fall of 
 1863, and enlisted in Company A, Two Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Infantry, remaining until the close of the war. He served in the 
 field hospital, and upon his return home went to Pittsburgh, where he studied 
 dentistry. After graduating he moved to Shickshinny, Luzerne Co., Penn., 
 and for three years engaged in the practice of his profession. He then went 
 to North Carolina, and spent six years in Elizabeth City, that State. In 1876 
 he came to Concord, where he has since practiced his profession. He was 
 married in 1873 to Lizzie Ross, a native of Maryland, a daughter of Rev. 
 Joseph A. Ross, and they have two children: Ross A. and Mary C. Dr. 
 Andrews has two brothers and four sisters, viz. : Jesse and William, who 
 both served three years in the amy, the former in the Second Pennsylvania 
 
740 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Cavalry, aad the latter in the Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry; both returned 
 unscathed — Jesse is in the coal business in Danville, Penn. , and William is in 
 the same business in Plymouth, Penn. ; Ann E., who is the widow of William 
 Oarrison, and resides near Bloomsburg, Columbia Co. , Penn. ; Mary, Tilla and 
 Ella, who reside with their mother on the old homestead, near Orangeville, this 
 ■county. 
 
 S. M. BAIR, farmer, P. O. Spring Run, was born July 2, 1844, on the 
 farm he now owns. The Bair family are of German descent. The first one 
 of the name, of whom we have any account, David Bair, the great-great-grand- 
 father of our subject, immigrated to America in the sixteenth century, and 
 who was the father of Michael, who was born in Lancaster County, Penn., and 
 emigrated from that county to Franklin County in 1780. Michael was the 
 great-grandfather of Simon M. , and had three sons : David, Samuel and John, 
 who settled in Lancaster County, except the grandfather of our subject. John 
 Bair, father of our subject, was born in August, 1814, in Spring Run, and 
 married Eleanor McMath, who was born in Huntingdon County, in 1818, a 
 daughter of John McMath, whose wife was an Utley. Mr. Bair has one sister, 
 there being but two childreu in his father's family. January 1, 1863, our 
 subject married Anna Shearer, a native of Metal Township, this county, and a 
 daughter of Jacob- and Agnes (Campbell) Shearer. Mr. and Mrs. Bair have 
 four children: John M., Jacob S., Mollie E. and Nettie A. Mr. Bair has 
 been engaged in farming since arriving at manhood. In 1864 he enlisted 
 in Company E., Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, remaining until his dis- 
 charge, or the close of the war. He has 142 acres which he farms success- 
 fully. He is an eflScient membei of the United Brethren Church at Spring 
 Bun, and school director of Fannett Township. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 J. A. BOGGS, coach trimmer. Concord, was born November 7. 1844, 
 near Waterloo, Juniata Co. , Penn. , a son of James Carson Boggs, who was born 
 in Lack Township, Juniata Co., Penn., May 12, 1817, a son of John Boggs, 
 who came from Ireland and located in Juniata County in an early day. He 
 man-ied Elizabeth, daughter of James Carson, whose wife was a Miss Work. 
 John Boggs, Jr., was a son of John and Lydia (Bruce) Boggs. The Bruces 
 were of Scotch and the Carsons of Irish origin. Our subject's mother was 
 Martha J., a daughter of Andrew and Nancy (Karhner) Henry. J. A. Boggs 
 when young, learned the carpenter's trade with his father. In June 1863' 
 he went out in Company H, Twenty-first Cavalry, and served six Months! 
 He then re-enlisted for three years and served until the close of the war. 
 W hile m the service he was thrown from his horse and received injuries on 
 account of which he has since drawn a pension. Upon his return home he 
 married Catherme M. Crouse, daughter of George W. Crouse, and by her he 
 has three children: William H., George P. and Mattie J. Since 1880 Mr 
 ^oggs has been engaged in coach-making. He is a member of the Methodist 
 hEonfst '' instructor in vocal music. In politics he is a Pro- 
 
 T "^u^^ -BRINLEY, merchant. Dry Run, was born March 12, 1835, a son of 
 Jacob Brinley, a native of this county and a son of Michael Brinley, who came 
 from the eastern part of the State. Our subject's mother's maiden name was 
 Catherine Klippinger, a daughter of Anthony Klippinger. Jacob Brinlev 
 
 rtheTll ' ^^ vir^ ^i^ "^^^ ^'^°^'' *' 1804. They were the parTnts 
 of the following children: David C, Mary Ann, Margaret, Elizabeth/ John 
 Susan and Noah A., all of whom lived to rear families! except David C and 
 Susan (unmarried); Mary, wife of John Runk, of Huntingdon County; Mar 
 garet, wife of Amos Devor, residing in Fannettsburg; Elizabeth, wif^e of J 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 741 
 
 J. Devor, residing in this township. The mother died May 5, 1885. At the 
 age of fifteen our subject beg^n to learn the blacksmith's trade, which he fol- 
 lowed Tintil 1869, when he engaged in merchandising at Dry Run, which he 
 has since continued. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred 
 and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served until the expira- 
 tion of his term of enlistment. He has been four times married, first, in 1856, to 
 Barbara, daughter of Martin Coons. She died September 4, 1860, leaving two 
 children: Martin M. and William W. His second wife was Margaretta, 
 daughter of Andrew Typer; she died July 8, 1865, leaving no issue. His 
 third wife was Agnes, daughter of John W. Stitt; she died February 20, 1874, 
 leaving one child, Nannie N. His present wife is Sarah Ann, daughter of 
 John and Mary J. (Gamble) Davis, and a native of Dry Eun, this county. 
 The children by this last imion are Ella, Frank, George, Thomas, Mary, 
 Noah and Robert. Mr. Brinley is a Republican in politics, and served some 
 time as postmaster. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He does 
 an excellent business, with his eldest son, Martin M., as partner, the firm 
 being known as John Brinley & Son. They keep a large stock of general 
 merchandise and are good business men. 
 
 NOAH ANTHONT BRINLEY, farmer, P. O. Spring Run, was boru 
 March 25, 1839, in Juniata County, Penn. , a son of Jacob Brinley. He was 
 but two years of age when he was brought by his parents to this valley, and 
 at the age of eight he started out for himself and worked out by the month for 
 several years. At nineteen he went to learn the blacksmith's trade with his 
 brother John, with whom he associated for sixteen years. In August, 1862, 
 he and John enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Twenty- sixth Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, for nine months, and Noah served 
 until the expiration of his term. In the fall of 1864 he enlisted in the Ninth 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry, CompanJ^ D, remaining with it until the close of the 
 war. After his return he continued in business in Spring Run. In 1885 he 
 quit the business and commenced farming, at which he is still engaged. He 
 has been twice married: first, in 1858, to Eliarabeth Bair, a native of Spring 
 Run, and a daughter of Michael Bair. She died in 1866, the mother of the 
 following named children: John, Lydia, McClellan and Margaret. His pres- 
 ent wife is Martha J., a native of Amberson's Valley and a daughter of David 
 WolfE. By this union there are three children: Daniel, Fohl and Amanda S. 
 Mr. Brinley is a member of the United Brethren denomination and an official 
 member of the same. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 CHARLES HENRY BURK, farmer, P. O. Amberson's Valley, was born 
 near Hagerstown, Md., September 19, 1847, a son of Samuel and Rosana 
 (King) Burk, and grandson of Sarah Burk. Being left fatherless at the age 
 of one year, and his mother marrying again, our subject left home at the 
 age of seven years, and from that time forward took charge of himself and saw 
 much of the rough side of life. He had two brothers, who were twins, John and 
 James, and a sister, Sarah J. When about sixteen years of age, he enlisted, 
 in August, 1864, in Company A, One Hundred and Second Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, receiving his dis- 
 charge, June 6, 1865. He was wounded, October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, 
 and taken prisoner, but was recaptui'ed by Sheridan. Upon his return from 
 the service he went to Dry Run, where he worked out by the month and re- 
 mained some time. January 3, 1871, he married Mary C. , a native of this 
 county, and a daughter of Jacob and Isabella (Shields) Rolar— the latter a 
 daughter of Arthur Shields, and granddaughter of Thomas Shields, a native 
 of Ireland, and one of the early settlers of this valley. After marriage he 
 
742 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 came to Amberson' s Valley and learned the stonemason' s trade with Stake Bros. ; 
 •worked at it for several years, and finally purchased the old " Shields farm " 
 at the head of Amberson' s Valley. This farm he has since improved, and has 
 been offered three times the amount he paid for it. He is a good farmer and 
 thorough-going in all his business operations. Mr. and Mrs. Burk have two 
 children: John Wilmer and Jennette Elizabeth. He is a stanch Democrat. 
 Mrs. Burk belongs to the Methodist Protestant Church. Mr. Burk's brother, 
 John, also served in the Civil war, was wounded and taken prisoner, and was 
 never again heard of. 
 
 KOBEET SAMUEL CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Dry Bun, was born 
 March 5, 1832, on the Campbell homestead, this county, where his father, 
 John Campbell, settled in 1831. The latter was born in 1796 on the ocean, 
 three days from land, his parents being en route from Ireland, and after arriv- 
 ing in America they cast their lot with the pioneers of Path VaUey. The 
 father was a weaver by trade but gave his attention to farming after coming 
 here. He was identified with the stirring events of 1812, and served as a 
 militia man. His wife was a Miss Robinson, and they were the parents of 
 eleven children, of whom John (father of Robert S. ) was one. John married 
 Ann, daughter of James and Jane (Anderson) Johnson, whose family were 
 early settlers of Perry County, and were several times driven out by the In- 
 dians. John Campbell made many moves up and down the valley, extending 
 his visits into Perry County, but made his final settlement in Burns' Valley in 
 1831, on the farm owned by Hance Campbell, where he spent the remainder of 
 his days. Five children grew to maturity: James R. , Alexander W., John- 
 son J. , Robert S. and Hance A. Robert S. remained on the homestead until 
 he was thirty years of age. February 24, 1863, he married Ann M. Clymans. 
 She was born November 5, 1841, near Carriok Furnace in Metal Township, a 
 daughter of James and Mary Ann (Sebufn) Clymans. James Clymans' 
 mother, a widow with six children, immigrated from Scotland some time in 
 the last century, and settled in Allen's Valley, Fulton County, Penn. Mary 
 Ann (Seburn) Clymans' father was a drummer boy in the war of 1812. He 
 was married to Mary Anna Wolff, and five of their children grew to maturity. 
 He died of brain fever and was buried at Waynesboro, Penn. , with the honors 
 of war. For two years after marriage our subject lived on the homestead; 
 then removed to Huntingdon County, where he lived three years, after which 
 he located permanently on the Ragan farm, where he has since resided, en- 
 gaged in farming. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have six children: Ida A., a 
 teacher; William A., in Dakota; Blanche M. ; Jennie M. ; Lodema E. ; and Mag- 
 gie M. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are members of the Presbyterian Church. In 
 politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 HANCE CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Doylesburg, is 'the youngest son 
 ?oQi *°* ^^^ (Johnson) Campbell, who located where Hance lives, in 
 ISdl. Here our subject was bom April 13, 1841. He has always been a res- 
 ident of the farm on which he was bom. In 1871 he took charge of the home- 
 stead, and in April of the same year,- married Bathsheba Long, eldest daughter 
 
 XI u oT .ooo^'S' "^^° ^^^ ^"""^ "-^ ^^^ kingdom of Wurtemberg, Germany, 
 March 22, 1823, a son of Matthias and Christina (Fogel) Long. Mrs. Camp- 
 beU s father came to America when five years old, and his parents being poor 
 he contabuted to their support until he became a man. He afterward acqvdred 
 property and in 1848 married Agnes J., born in Cumberland Valley, daihter 
 of Joseph Devore. In 1851 he located in Burns' Valley and engaged in farm- 
 ing, m Campbell owns 400 acres of land. His children are Johnson, Min- 
 nie, Frederick and Rnssell. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 743 
 
 ISAAC CLUGSTON (deceased) was born near Marion, this county, about 
 1813, a son of Robert and Betsey (Bonebreak) Clugston; he was reared to 
 farming pursuits, and when a young man moved to Chambersburg and studied 
 medicine with Dr. Eandall. Later he located at Dry Eun, and when a single 
 man began the practice of his profession. He married Agnes Hammond, who 
 was born December 25, 1823, the third daughter of Lawrence Hammond. Mr. 
 Clugston remained some years in Dry Eun, then moved to Shirleysburg, Hunt- 
 ingdon County, lived there fifteen years, and then returned to Spring Eun. 
 He engaged in farming, also carried on a store, and was postmaster there for 
 several years, and in 1864 moved to Doylesburg, where he engaged in mer- 
 chandising until his death, which occurred January 27, 1879. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Baptist Church, and politically a Democrat. He served as post- 
 master from 1864 until his death in 1879. He was the father of twelve chil- 
 dren (eleven of whom lived to be grown): Jefferson L., James A., Howard S., 
 Mary M. , Cinderella, Martha E. , Alva C. , Lillie F. , Ida A. , John S. and 
 Oeorge B. (twins) and Edie M. Jefferson L. resides in Dauphin County; 
 Howard S., in Potter County; Mary M. is the wife of Hezekiah Miller; Cin- 
 derella is the wife of Alexander Pyles, in Juniata County; Martha E.; wife of 
 James Wise, of this township; Ida A., wife of William Widney, and Lillie F., 
 wife of Finley Gamble, are in this township. Howard S. served as a sol- 
 dier throughout the civil war from 1861 to 1865. Mr. Clugston for several 
 years carried on the hotel business, having the only place of accommodation 
 for the traveling public in the town. 
 
 ALVA CUETIS CLUGSTON, merchant, Doylesburg, was born September 
 9, 1854, in Shirleysburg, Huntingdon Co., Penn., a son of Dr. Isaac and 
 Agnes (Hammond) Clugston. When quite young he moved with his parents 
 to Dry Eun, this county, where his boyhood was spent in working on a farm 
 and clerking in a store. Subsequently he removed with his parents to Doyles- 
 burg, and in 1879 engaged in mercantile business with his mother, which asso- 
 ciation lasted until 1883, when he commenced on his own account and has 
 been successful to date. In the spring of 1886 he put up his present store 
 building, 22x63 feet, two stories high, which is kept well stored with a selected 
 stock of dry goods, notions, groceries, ready-made clothing, boots and shoes, 
 hats and caps, hardware, queensware, stationery, wall paper and general mer- 
 chandise. His motto is ' ' Quick sales and small profits, and the best goods 
 for the least money. " He takes produce in exchange for goods, and is doing 
 a thriving business. In 1883 he married Miss Sadie, daughter of Benjamin 
 Eeed, and by her has one child. Myrtle. 
 
 JOHN M. COONS, farmer, P. O. Dry Eun, was born October 30, 1835, 
 one mile west of Dry Eun, on the old homestead, the fourth son and fifth 
 child born to George Coons. The latter was born October 15, 1799, in Lancas 
 ter County, Penn. , removed to Path Valley and married Margaret Crouse, and 
 soon located near Dry Eun, where he engaged in farming until his death, in 
 1873 ; his widow died in March, 1885, aged eighty-three years. Both were 
 members of the Presbyterian Church; they reared a family of nine children: 
 Julia Ann, Samuel, Jacob, William, John M. , Margaret and Agnes (twins), 
 Peter and Catherine. Julia Ann is the wife of Peter Coons, and all live in 
 this township. At the age of sixteen our subject came to Dry Eun and, with 
 Thomas Skinner, learned the tailor's trade; then engaged as clerk for several 
 years, and in 1854, in partnership with James Ferguson, embarked in mer- 
 chandising, and continued the same, six years. In August, 1861, he enlisted 
 in Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer In- 
 fantry, for nine months, and served until the term of enlistment had expired. 
 
744 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 He was taken prisoner at the battle of Chancellorsville and conveyed to Belle 
 Isle but after a brief confinement was liberated, returned home and re- 
 mained one year at Dry Eun. In the spring of 1863 he located on the farm 
 he now owns, one mile and a half north of Dry Run, known as the Campbell 
 farm ' ' and containing 137 acres. December 20, 1860, he married Mary A. Doyle, 
 a native of this township, born at Doylestown, daughter of James and Agnes 
 (Skinner) Doyle. Mr. and Mrs. Coons have five children living: James G., m 
 Dakota; Zilla A., a teacher; Tillie F. ; Gamble S. ; and Lucy C. Mr. Coons is 
 
 a Presbyterian. r-io-c- j.i.- ^ 
 
 W. H. COONS, merchant, Dry Run,- was born July 5, l»o5, in this town- 
 ship, the second son of Samuel and Mary J. (Haynes) Coons, the latter of 
 whom died January 15, 1885, aged fifty-eight years and fourteen days. At 
 the age of twenty-three he left the homestead and engaged as clerk at Dry 
 Run for Mr. Mackey, for three years. Mr. Mackey being elected county 
 treasurer, our subject and Mr. Alexander associated together in December, 
 1881, and purchased Mr. Mackey' s stock. They carry a general stock and 
 are doing a good business. October 24, 1882, Mr. Coons married Mary Stitt, 
 a daughter of John Stitt, decoased. He has two children, Anna.C. and Mary 
 E. The parents are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mi-. 
 Coons is a Republican. 
 
 EDWARD BARNABAS DOYLE, retired farmer, P. O. Doylesburg, is 
 the great-grandson of Felix Doyle, one of the pioneers of Path Valley, this 
 county, who made his fii'st settlement here prior to 1750. The grandfather of 
 Edward B. was Barnabas, who married Mary McElhenny, by whom he had 
 seven sons: Edward W., Thomas, John, James, William, Felix and Barnabas,, 
 and two daughters, Judith and Catherine; all settled in Path Valley, and reared 
 families, except Catherine, who married and moved to Maryland. Edward W. , 
 the father of our subject, was born near Doylesburg, this county, February 
 13, 1781; in February, 1808, he married a Miss Nancy A. Spaulding, who 
 bore him five sons and one daughter: William J,, Henry S., Edward B. , Bazil 
 J. , George F. and Caroline, Edward B. and Caroline being at the present 
 writing the only survivors. Edward W. Doyle at the age of twenty-two 
 moved to Concord, this county, where he built a store and hotel and engaged 
 in business, and for many years was the leading spirit of the place, being 
 prominently identified with the interests of the township and county. As an 
 enterprising and liberal-minded citizen, he was highly esteemed in the com- 
 munity wherever known. He was a sound Democrat, filled several offices of 
 trust in the township, and served the county as commissioner. In 1824 he 
 moved to the farm now owned by his son, Edward B. , known as the ' ' Mc- 
 Elhenny farm," and built a mill and distillery on the creek, and also carried 
 on farming operations (the mill is now owned by Jacob Rhone). He was a 
 sincere and devout Catholic and assisted in the establishment of the church at 
 Doylesburg. His death occurred February 10, 1840; his widow sui-vived until 
 1869. Edward B. , our subject, was born in Concord, Franklin County, Oc- 
 tober 4, 1819, and when five years of age removed with his parents to where 
 he now lives. September 27, 1853, he married Caroline Obold, daughter of 
 Sibastion and Mary Obold, and to this union were born six sons and one daugh- 
 ter: George S., WUliam E., Edward B., Charles H., Francis A., John J. and 
 Annie C, most of whom are widely scattered from the home of their child- 
 hood. George S., Charles H. and Francis A. are located in business at At- 
 lanta, Ga. ; John J. resides in Kansas; Edward B. is in the oil region; Annie 
 C. married Mr. A. G. Tuohy, who is in Government employ in Washington, D. 
 C. William E., the only son remaining in the township, married December 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 745 
 
 80, 1879, Annie McElheny, daughter of S. W. and H. A. McElheny; he re- 
 sides on the farm of our subject, who lives with him, the latter' s wife having 
 passed away to the spirit land July 27, 1878. Mr. Doyle is spending the eve 
 of his life in the quiet of his home, awaiting the call of the Master to go hence. 
 
 ALEXANDER EEWIN (deceased) was borti in the North of Ireland im 
 1776, and when twenty- one years of age came to this country with his father,. 
 Alexander Erwin, whose father was a minister of the established Church of Eng- 
 land. The great-grandfather of our subject came from Scotland to Ireland at 
 the time of the battle of the Boyne. The ft.ther of our subject was quite a busi- 
 ness man in the old country, carrying on a tannery and several stores. He 
 located here near Concord in 1797, and engaged in farming. His wife, Mary 
 Holmes, a lady of aristocratic birth, bore her husband fourteen children, 
 of whom thirteen were reared. Alexander, our subject, was brought up on 
 the farm, and was married June 14, 1825, to Mary B. Jordan, who was born 
 in Baltimore June 2, 1805, the second daughter of Frederick and Mary (Bar- 
 netts) Jordan, the former a wholesale hardware merchant of German birth, 
 and a son of George Jordan. Mrs. Mary (Barnetts) Jordan was a daughter of 
 Joseph Barnetts, of English birth. Mr. Erwin engaged in farming until his 
 death, which occurred quite suddenly April 24, 1846, from heart disease. He 
 was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he was a Whig, 
 and a stanch citizen of the community. To him and his wife eleven children 
 were bom, eight of whom lived to be grown, five dying within one year of typhoid 
 fever, and four are now living: Alexander James, a physician in Mansfield, 
 Ohio; Arabella, wife of Thomas E. Orbison, of Orbisonia; Matilda, wife of 
 James Speer, of Huntingdon County, and Joseph B. The last named was 
 born November 27, 1842, and March 15, 1881, he married Alice Ross, a 
 native of Baltimore, and a daughter of Rev. A. J. Ross. Joseph B. Erwin 
 has had charge of the farm since he grew to maturity. He has 500 acres of 
 land. He and wife have one child, Alexander. He is a Methodist; in poli- 
 tics he is a Republican. 
 
 MARTIN LAWRENCE HAMMOND, Spring Run, Fannett Township.— 
 He is the representative of an old time family of the valley. The ancestor and 
 pioneer was Martin Hammond, who moved to that place in 1790, and married 
 Margaret Brindle, by whom he had eight children: Jacob, Margaret, Law- 
 rence, John, Barbara, Martin, Philip and David. His wife died in the in- 
 fancy of David, in August, 1815. He then married Mary Brown, and had by 
 her five children: Eliza, Stephen, Mary, Daniel and Elias. The father died 
 in October, 1829, at the age of sixty-five. His wife removed to Illinois and 
 died there. Lawrence, the father of the subject of this notice, was born in 
 1797. In 1818 he married Mary Skinner, of Dry Run. She was born in 1803. 
 Together they had a family of fifteen children, ten only of whom reached ma- 
 turity, viz. : Margaret Widney, Martha Taylor, Agnes Clugston, Violet Weid- 
 man, Mary Ann Zyler, Emily Mackey, Elizabeth Stitt, Barbara Burd, Teresa 
 Campbell and Martin. Of these, seven still survive. Lawrence Hammond was 
 a man of mark in his day, possessing a sound judgment, with great energy of 
 character. He was not ouly able, in his lifetime of eighty-seven years, to 
 gather and leave to his children a large estate, but also the priceless inheri- 
 tance of a good name. His widow still survives, in her eighty-fourth year, 
 living in the homestead. Martin L. was born March 16, 1830. He married 
 Martha Barclay November 20, 1851. He is by occupation a farmer. He lived 
 with his father until the death of the latter, in 1883 ; since then he has been 
 doing business for himself at Spring Run. The family are members of the 
 Presbyterian Church. Mr. Ham.nond in politics is a Democrat. 
 
74:6 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 WILLIAM J. HARRIS, proprietor of the Concord tannery, Concord, was 
 bom January 16, 1846, in Concord, this county, a son of James and Anna 
 Seibert Harris, the former a son of William Harris. Our subject worked at 
 shoe-making with his father, and at the age of eighteen began to learn the tan- 
 nery business with Joseph Pomeroy, with whom he worked for several years 
 learning the details of the trade. September 21, 1874=, Mr. Pomeroy died, 
 and Mr. Harris rented the tannery, which was established by his late employer 
 in 1841. In 1885 he purchased the tannery, and now turns out about 2,000 
 hides and skins yearly, using 400 tons of bark. In 1872 he married Nettie G. 
 Harrison, a native of Shirleysburg, Huntingdon Co. , Penn. , and a daughter of 
 M. S. and Olive (Underwood) Harrison. Mr. and Mrs. Harris have three 
 children: Frank W., Anna M. and James C. Mr. Harris is a member of the 
 United Presbyterian Church. In politics he was formerly a Republican, but 
 is now a Prohibitionist. 
 
 CYRUS HAZLETT, superintendent of the old Franklin tannery, was born 
 May 5, 1827, in Hopewell Township, Cumberland County, Penn. In early life he 
 was thrown on his own resources, and commenced grinding bark for Smith Mc- 
 Kiney, of Hopewell Township, Cumberland County, Penn. , working for him 
 through the summer season, and going to school through the winter season, for 
 two or three years; then he went to Abraham Smith to learn the tanning busi- 
 ness in Lurgantown, Franklin Co., Penn. He worked for him for one 
 year, when Mr. Smith sold the farm and tannery to David Miller; worked 
 for Mr. Miller for a short time; left Mr. Miller and went to Shippensburg, 
 Cumberland County, to work for Wm. McLean at his tannery; was there for 
 some time, when Mr. McLean bought the Franklin tannery in Amberson' s Val 
 ley, this county, fifteen miles north of Shippensburg, owned by Benjamin De- 
 ford, of Baltimore, Md. , one of the largest tanneries of that day. This was in 
 1844 or 1845. He worked as a journeyman for McLean for about five years, when 
 Hazlett went West, and was absent for about one year; then returned and 
 went to work at the Franklin tanneiy again. He was married June 10, 1851, 
 to Annetta Jane Culbertson, daughter of Robert and Nancy Culbertson, of 
 Amberson' s Valley, who formerly was from Culbertson' s Row. Robert Culbert- 
 son' smother was a Duncan; Mrs. Culbertson's was Nancy Brackenridge. In 
 the spring of 1852 Wm. McLean and Hazlett rented the tannery at Roxbury, 
 Lurgan Township, this county, from Samuel L. Sentman, and went into the 
 tanning business for five years, when their lease ran out. They leased it for 
 four years more. During these four years Hazlett bought the property of 
 his former employers, Abraham Smith and Miller, and when his lease ran out 
 at Roxbury, he moved to his own property and commenced tanning at his own 
 tannery, Wm. McLean furnishing him with hides. Hfe carried on the business 
 of tanning and farming till August, 1864, when he enlisted in Capt. M. G. 
 Hale's Company F, Two Hundred and Seventh Regiment, Second Brigade, 
 Third Division, Ninth Army Corps. After the surrender of Lee' s army Mr. Hazlett 
 returned home by way of Petersburg, Va., and City Point; took a boat down 
 James River to Fortress Monroe; fi-om there to Alexandria; was there about 
 ten days when he received a dispatch from home stating that his youngest child 
 had fallen in a vat at the tannery and was drowned. He got a furlough and 
 went home, but too late for the funeral; returned back, when the furlough 
 was out, to be in Washington at the grand review of the Potomac Army. In a 
 few days the regiment went to Harrisburg and was discharged. He returned 
 home in the latter part of June, 1865. In the spring of 1866 he went to take 
 charge of Fraizer & Bros.' tannery in Newburg; did business for them for 
 two years, when he leased the tannery from the Fraizers; carried on busi- 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 747 
 
 ness for three years, Wm. McLean f ui-nishing him hides. When the lease ran 
 out he contracted with Mr. McLean to superintend his tannery. Then he 
 moved to Franklin tannery, in Amberson' s Valley, in the spring of 1871, where 
 he is now, December 8, 1886; To Cyrus Hazlett and Annetta Jane, his wife, were 
 born twelve children, seven now living: Wm. Mc. ; Jane Haddesa, wife of H. 
 Jones; Nancy B. ,wife of John C. Witheren; Cyrus D. ; Clarence P. ; Frank S. and 
 Mollie May. Wm. Mc. Hazlett is married to a daughter of John Fleck; Clar- 
 ence F. , to a daughter of Eobert Mevity, all of Fannett Township. There is 
 no town in this valley near the tannery. There is one store where the postoffice 
 is kept by John A. Shoemaker. Cyi-us Hazlett is a member of Orrstown 
 Lodge, No. 262, A. Y. M., and Newburg Lodge, No. 562, 1. O. O. F., Encamp- 
 ment Roxbury, I. O. O. F., Red Men, No. 150, a member of the G. A. R., 
 ■and, politically, is a Republican; is not connected with any church pai-ticu- 
 larly, but is a liberal contributor to all churches. Since 1842 Mr. Hazlett has 
 been in the employ of Wm. McLean, with the exception of a few years, and 
 is the only man who started in with Mr. McLean at that date that is in his em- 
 ploy at the present time, December 8, 1886. 
 
 J. W. HOLLIDAY, farmer, P. O. Dry Run, is the only male representative 
 now living in the county of the name. His great-grandfather, John Holliday, 
 was a native of the ' ' Emerald Isle, ' ' came to Path Valley at a very early day 
 and settled on the farm now owned by our subject, where he died. His son 
 John (grandfather of our subject) was born on the Holliday homestead, Sep- 
 tember 27, 1769, married Elizabeth Coulter (who was born July 16, 1771, and 
 died March 7, 1862), and subsequently moved to Blair County, where Samuel 
 Holliday, father of J. W., was born in 1806. Three years later the grand- 
 father moved with his family to the old homestead, where he died November 
 4, 1838. He was a stanch citizen of the Valley, and for many years an elder 
 in what is known as the ' ' Upper Church ' ' (Presbyterian) ; served as justice of 
 the peace, and represented his county in the Legislature. He had a family of 
 three children: James, Margaret and Samuel. James died a bachelor; Mar- 
 garet married James Alexander and moved to Blair County. Samuel, father 
 of J. W. , came here to the Holliday farm with his father from Blair County in 
 1809, where he grew to manhood and married Elizabeth McElhenny, daughter 
 of William McElhenny, and to them were born four sons and seven daughters. 
 He was engaged in farming and stock raising, and was a member of the Pres- 
 byterian Church. In 1844 he was tendered the nomination as representative 
 of the county, but declined. He was a sound Democrat and an active worker 
 for his party. He died, respected by all, December 4, 1880. James W. , 
 his successor, was born here October 29, 1849. He commenced merchandis- 
 ing in Dry Run in 1872, and continued in the business till 1881; in 1878 he 
 was the nominee of the Democratic party for register of wills and recorder of 
 deeds, but was defeated with his party; has since 1881 been actively engaged 
 in the management of his farm, which is one of the best in the Valley. Janu- 
 ary 3, 1882, he married Sarah R., daughter of Amos and Mary (Skinner) 
 Kegarries. Mr. and Mrs. Holliday have two children: Irene V. and James W. 
 The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. Holli- 
 day is a Democrat. 
 
 E. Gr. JONES, M. D. , P. O. Dry Run, is a representative of a well known 
 family, a native of Path Valley, and a son of James Jones, who was a son of 
 John A. Jones, one of the pioneers of Metal Township. He was reared on the 
 farm until seventeen years of age, when he went to school receiving an acad- 
 emic course, which ,was supplemented by a course in the normal school at 
 Shippensburg. He then began reading medicine with Dr. Thomas J. Dunott, 
 
748 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of Harrisburg, Penn., and attended one year in the hospital at that place, 
 finally gradulting at Jefferson Medical College in April, 1884 Dr. Jones 
 then beian practice in Hustontown, Fulton Co /enn. where be contmued 
 two years, meeting with flattering success, and finally located in Dry Eun, 
 Auril 20 1886. The liberal patronage which has been extended to him since, 
 gives ample proof that his merits are being recognized by an intelligent com- 
 
 °^^W^Gr KIBKPATRICK, farmer, P. O. Dry Run, is a son of Edward Kirk - 
 Patrick, who was born in Fannett Township, this county, February 12, 1 /_9J, a 
 son of Francis Kirkpatrick, whose wife was a Hudson. Edward married Ann 
 Herron, a native of Burns' Valley, born May 6, 1800, a daughter of Patrick 
 and Temperance (Moore) Herron, natives of Adams County, Penn Patrick 
 Herron was a son of John and Elizabeth (Bowls) Herron. Edward Kirkpat- 
 rick died June 1, 1858, his widow April 4, 1886. They reared a family oi six 
 children, but one now living— William G., our subject, who was born August 
 26 1836 on the farm where he has since lived and which he owns. November dO, 
 1865 he married Nancy J. Burk, born near Dry Run, a daughter of William 
 and Eliza (Smith) Burk. Mr. and Mrs. Kirkpatrick have a family of nine 
 children, viz. : Anna E., Minnie G., Edward N., William B., MaryE., Samuel 
 A., John H., Harry M. and Clara M. Mr. Kirkpatrick has an excellent farm 
 of over 270 acres, which he cultivates successfully. He is a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church; politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 JOHN LINN, retired, P. O. Concord, is a gi-andson of Hugh Linn, a 
 native of Ireland, who came to this country about 1790, and located in Horse 
 Valley, on the edge of Perry County, where he earned on farming and died. 
 His wife, Sarah, was a sister of James Widney, an Irishman, and one of the 
 early settlers of Path Valley, he settled in the Valley near Concord, of which 
 town he was the founder; he was a Wesleyan Methodist and the pioneer of 
 Methodism in the Valley; a man of enterprise, he bore a conspicuous part in 
 the early history of the township. Hugh Linn was born in Ireland, May 10, 
 1785, the third son of Hugh and Ann (Widney) Linn, latter a daughter of 
 James Widney, the pioneer. Mrs. Ann Linn was born in Path Valley, De- 
 cember 22, 1785. Hugh Linn, Jr. , was a stonemason, which trade he fol- 
 lowed for a number of years, and subsequently purchased the Stewart farm, 
 where he lived fifty years. In 1865 he went to his daughter in Ogle County, 
 HI., where he died suddenly, April 3, 1870; he joined the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church when fifteen years of age, and during his life was an active church 
 worker; he served as class leader and steward. He was a Democrat until the 
 civil war, when he united with the Republican party. He reared following 
 named children: James, a miller by trade, who lived and died in Concord; 
 Sarah, wife of Samuel Henry, who moved to Illinois; Mary, married to Samuel 
 Booker, who located in Illinois ; Jane, married to Andrew J. Taylor, who moved to 
 Pennsylvania ; John ; Margaret, wife of A. Lougridge, who moved to Illinois ;Hugh, 
 who served in the Mexican war, and died, unmarried, from disease contracted 
 in the service; Alexander, who served in the civil war as assistant surgeon in 
 Newton Hamilton, Mifflin County; Arabella, married to William Bloom, and 
 located in Mai-tinsburg, Blair County; and Eleanor, mamedto William Typer, 
 who located in Ogle County, 111. John, our subject, is the sole survivor of the 
 family in this county. He was born near Concord, April IB, 1820, worked on 
 the farm until arriving at matuiity, and after nine months' residence in Ohio 
 and Kentucky, he went to Washington County, Md. , where he learned the 
 marble cutter's trade, which he followed for seven years. In 1851 he re- 
 turned to the farm and married Margaret J. Hays, born in Path Valley, a 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 749 
 
 ■daughter of Eichard and Elizabeth (Cunaingham) Hays, the latter a daughter 
 of William Cunningham. In 1863 he entered the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth 
 Begiment Pennsylvania Infantry, and served eleven months, returned home and 
 resumed farming. In February, 1865, he was drafted, but procured a sub- 
 stitute. He sold his farm shortly after the war, built property and has since 
 lived retired. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In poli- 
 tics he was Republican, now a Prohibitionist. Mrs. Linn has been an invalid 
 for eighteen years with chronic rheumatism. Mr. Linn's father, Hugh, was 
 drafted in the war of 1812, but his brother James took his place. 
 
 JAMES H. LITTLE, coachsmith. Concord, was born July 2, 1823, the 
 second son of John Little, who was born in Cumberland County, Penn. , in 
 1792, a son of James Little. The latter was born in Ireland and immigrated 
 to Cumberland County about 1784, and came to Path Valley in 1801. His 
 wife was Jane Herron, daughter of Patrick Herron, of Scotch-Irish descent. 
 To James Little were born William, John, James, Robert, Thomas, Isaac, 
 Frank, Samuel and Matthew, Polly, Margaret and Jane. All of these moved 
 west and settled in Muskingum County, Ohio, except William and John; the 
 former died suddenly, going with a team to Baltimore. John came with his 
 father to this township in 1801, and was reared to farming pursuits; when yet 
 a young man he went out in the war of 1812, and, returning home, resumed 
 farming. July 4, 1816, he married Sarah, a native of Ireland and a daughter 
 of John Hays. In 1847 John Little moved to Juniata County, Penn. , where 
 he died February 6, 1855. His widow died December 15, 1861. John, for 
 several years after his removal to Juniata County, was engaged in the manu- 
 facture of wheat fans. He was for many years a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, although first a Presbyterian, and politically he was a Dem- 
 ocrat. He had eight children who grew up : William, Eliza, Mary, James H. , 
 Eleanor, Tirzah, John and Thomas. William resides in Clay County, Kas. ; 
 Eliza, wife of Daniel Conn, in Juniata County; Mary resides in Waterloo, 
 Juniata Coonty, unmarried; Eleanor is a resident of Concord, the wife of James 
 McKim; Tirzah (deceased) was the wife of Michael Miller of Waterloo, Juniata 
 County; John is a merchant in Concord; Thomas is a resident of Altoona, a 
 bachelor. James H. was born on the homestead near Doylesburg, and in 1846 
 came to Concord and learned the blacksmith's trade with William Donnelly; 
 in 1852 he set up in business for himself, which he still continues. In 1852 he 
 married Melinda M. , daughter of William Donnelly, with whom he learned his 
 trade, and like Jacob, Mr. Little says, "he worked for her seven years." He 
 has nine children (eight living), viz. : Lillian, wife of A. H. Lupper of Lamed, 
 Kas.; Luella, a mute, in Philadelphia; Newton, in Harlan, Iowa; Florence, 
 in Arizonaj the' wife of Rev. James GenyEberhart; and Laura, Arthur, Oscar, 
 Eleanor (who died December 29, 1876), and Stella at home. Mr. Little is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has been recording steward 
 for over twenty years. Politically he is a Prohibitionist, when not a Democrat. 
 
 GEORGE MAGEE, farmer, P. O. Amberson' s Valley, represents one of the 
 old time families, who came to the Valley over a score of years prior to the 
 Revolutionary period. Patrick Magee, his grandfather, was born in Ireland, 
 where he married a Miss Hall, daughter of James Hall, and with her and one 
 child, John, immigrated to America, and settled on the farm now owned by 
 our subject, and there died. He reared the following children : John, George, 
 James, Adam, William, Alexander, Patrick, Nancy, Mary and Nicolai. Adam, the 
 father of our subject, was born on the homestead in 1779, being the third son. 
 The farm was left to him and hio younger brother, Alexander, whose interest 
 he subsequently purchased. Upon this farm he spent his life, and died August 
 
750 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 9, 1854. His wife was Martha Appleby, wlio was born near Shade Gap, a 
 daughter of John Appleby. George Magee, our subject, was reared on the 
 farm, and remained with his father until his death, and worked for him. 
 March 27, 1847, he married Margaret J. Taylor, who was born April 18, 1825, 
 a daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Adams) Taylor, and they have one child, 
 William A. Mr. Magee is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has 
 served as trustee and deacon for several years. He is a Democrat, the politi- 
 cal faith of his father. Our subject's son, William A., married Margaret, 
 a daughter of Robert McVitty, and five sons and two daughters have been born 
 to them: Clinton A., Emma, Eobert C, Franklin G., Joseph, William and 
 Cora M. George Magee has filled several positions of trust in the township; 
 he is a Democrat in polities. 
 
 STEPHEN O. McCUEDY (deceased), a representative in his day of an old 
 family of Path Valley, was born in Metal Township, this county, May 28, 
 1810, the youngest child of James and Mary (Brown) McCurdy. He was reared 
 to farming, and after he became of age engaged in mercantile business for 
 several years. In 1835 he married Maria B. , a native of this county, born June 
 5, 1811, a daughter of Anthony and Mary (Hess) Klippinger, and after mar- 
 riage settled at Spring Run, on the spot where M. L. Hammond' s residence 
 now is. Here he engaged in mercantile business a short time, and then in 
 teaming for several years, working a part of the old homestead one year. In 
 1848 he built the house, barn and other buildings on the place now occupied 
 by his widow, and where he resided until his death, which occurred February 
 17, 1881. He and his wife were the parents of six children, who lived to be 
 grown, viz.: James, who resides in Philadelphia; Mary L., wife of William 
 Mackey (she died May 11, 1865); John, a resident of Philadelphia; Oliver B., 
 a minister of the Presbyterian Church in Perry County, Penn. ; Annie E. (wife 
 of J. C. Burk), on the homestead; and Amos M., a resident of Culver, Kas. 
 Mr. McCurdy was of stanch Scotch-Irish ancestry. His father and grand- 
 father (both named James) were ruling elders in the Presbyterian Church in 
 Upper Path Valley. In early life our subject entered a profession bi faith with 
 the church of his fathers, then served by the Rev. Amos A. McGinley, and 
 soon took a place among the active and influential members of the congi'ega- 
 tion and community. For many years he was a member of the board of trus- 
 tees, and was one of the most active and efficient officers the church ever had. 
 By his sterling worth, strict integrity and irreproachable life, and by his gen- 
 erous and kind nature, he won the love and esteem of all who knew him. He 
 was a kind husband and congenial companion. In politics he was a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 WILLIAM McGINLEY (deceased) was a native of Adams County, Penn., 
 born August 15, 1821; son of Ebenezer McGinley, and a nephew of Rev. A. A. 
 McGinley, the well known pioneer minister of Franklin County. Our subject 
 in 1846 married Mary Ann Alexander, a native of Path Valley, this county, 
 born September 28, 1823, daughter of John and Ann (McCurdy) Alexander. 
 Shortly after marriage they located on a part of the Brinley farm, where he 
 engaged in agricultui-al pursuits, which he continued till his death. He died 
 January 20, 1860, leaving no issue. He was a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church, and an esteemed citizen of the community. Mrs. McGinley resides 
 on the Alexander homestead. Her father died July 27, 1875, her mother 
 February 28, 1878, and with Mr. McGinley repose in the cemetery at Spring 
 
 H. MILLER, proprietor of the "Valley Home Hotel," Concord, was born 
 January 11, 1822, at Springtown, Metal Township, this county, one mile north 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 751 
 
 of Faunettsburg. His father, Frederick Miller, a cooper by trade, moved to 
 Franklin County in 1819, and located in Metal Township. He married Mary 
 Goyer, whose father, John Goyer, served as a drum-major in the Revolution. 
 Frederick Miller served in the war of 1812. His father, Martin, served in the 
 Revolution, was wounded in the knee, drew a pension up to the time of his 
 death, and lived to be a centenarian. The Goyer family came from Germany, 
 and were sold to pay their passage, being eight months on the ocean. There 
 were three in the family: John, his wife Margaret, and their son John, all of 
 whom served in the Revolution, the father as a soldier, his wife as a washer- 
 woman for the of&cers, and their son, John^ Jr. , who was but twelve years of 
 age, as drummer boy, and later as drum-major. John, Sr. , was shot, and his 
 wife Margaret, picking up his musket, fought through the engagement. She 
 afterward drew a pension for actual service, and died at the age of one hun- 
 dred and three years. Subject's grandfather, Martin Miller, his maternal 
 grandfather, John Goyer, and his father, Frederick (the latter in the war of 
 1812), £ill drew pensions. Frederick died in his eighty-seventh year from 
 hemorrhage. He had live sons and six daughters, all of whom lived to be 
 married. Martin Miller had at the time of his death over 400 descendants 
 direct from himself, in all five generations. John Goyer died in Path Valley, 
 aged ninety- seven. John and Martin Goyer were buried with the honors of 
 war. Henry Miller, our subject, the seventh in a family of eleven children, re- 
 mained at home until he was past twenty-one years of age. He was brought up 
 as a cooper, but afterward worked on the farm, commencing first to work by the 
 month and then by the day or job, and labored hard and constantly. In 1845 he 
 married Isabella Plunkard, by whom he had seven children, as follows: Eliza- 
 beth, Mary, David, William, Jane, Lucy and Belle. This wife died of con- 
 sumption, and Mr. Miller next married Mary North, a native of Germany, and 
 a daughter of John North, a miller. By this union ten children were born : 
 Lena, John, Henry, Elmer, "William, Edgar, Laura, Samuel, Lillie and Sadie. 
 For ten years Mr. Miller farmed for Dr. J. S. Flickinger; five years on "William 
 Harris' farm; came to Concord in 1871, bought the McElhenny property, and 
 has since been engaged in the hotel business (temperance), and has also car- 
 ried on farming. He was a member of the "United Brethren Chiirch for thir- 
 teen years, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church thirty years, of which la' ier 
 he is an official member. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 J. M. NOBLE, manufacturer of coaches, wagons, buggies, sleighs and 
 vehicles of all kinds used in this county, Concord, was born in Juniata County, 
 Penn., in 1853. He is a son of "William Noble, who was born in Fannetts- 
 biu-g, a son of John Noble. His mother was Mary, daughter of William and 
 Catherine (Gray) Short. Mr. Noble learned his trade with Shower & Scholl, 
 of Mifflintown, Juniata County, and came to Concord in October, 1876, where 
 he began the manufacture of wheeled vehicles, and has since continued in this 
 line with success. By doing the best of work and using the best materials he 
 has extended his work, which has only to be examined to be' appreciated. He 
 does also general repair work, and invites patronage, aad can successfully 
 compete with any one who will do honest work. He id a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and has been Sunday-school superintendent for 
 several years. In politics he is a Prohibitionist. 
 
 DANIEL R. PIPER, coach-maker, Dry Run, was born in Amberson's 
 Valley, August 10, 1832. His father, John A., also born in Amberson's Val- 
 ley, January 20, 1803, and was a son of Daniel and Mary (Witter) Piper; the 
 latter a daughter of John Witter, of German descent. John A. Piper mar- 
 ried Margaret Struble, who was bora in this county November 26, 1808, a 
 
"762 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 daughter of Daniel and Mary (Rook) Struble, the latter a daughter of George 
 Jlcok To Mr and Mrs. John A. Piper were born the following named chil- 
 ^en-' Louis S., Wilson, Daniel K., Eebecca J., Jonathan, Martin, David H., 
 Maria, Ezra, Mary A., William S., all of whom lived to be grown except 
 WUliam S , and all served in the civU war, save Daniel R., who was physically 
 disqualified, but who would have gladly gone into the service. All returned 
 home but David H., who died in the hospital at Gallatin, Tenn. ; Louis b. 
 and Jonathan reside in Nebraska; Eebecca J. is the wife of Franklin Cramer, 
 and resides near Pleasant Hill, this county; Maria and Mary A. reside in Law- 
 rence County, 111., Mary A. being the wife of William Newman; Ezra resides 
 in the same place; Wilson lives inAmberson's Valley. John A. Piper, who 
 was a farmer, died May 7, 1880, in Illinois; his wife died in Amberson s Val- 
 ley, August 21, 1862. Daniel R. remained at home until the age of seven- 
 teek when he settled near Dry Run, August 6, 1849, and spent three years in 
 learning his trade with Simon Mouer; then worked at joui-ney work for over 
 two years. His health failing he worked at the carpenter's trade three years. 
 In April, 1858, he rented the shop for two years and later bought the property, 
 and has since carried on the business. January 31, 1855, he married Mary I. 
 Harmon, who was born near Spring Run, a daughter of James and Nancy 
 (Neal) Harmon. Mr. and Mrs. Piper have seven children: William S., John 
 H. F., James A. L., Henry R., Martha B., Zepheniah A. C. and Mary C. Mr. 
 Pipor is a member of the United Brethren Church; politically he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 ROBERT PRICE, farmer, P. O. Amberson' s Valley, Was born in Path 
 Talley, naar Djylesburg, Ssptember 12, 1812, a son of John Price. He can 
 distinctly remember the rejoicings over the victory at New Orleans. He be- 
 gan teaching at the age of fourteen, and for forty-eight years taught without 
 intermission, with the escsption of two terms spent at Bridgeport, one at 
 Smokatown and oaa at Dickey's Mill. His labors have been confined to Fan- 
 nett Township. John Price, father of our subject, came from County Don- 
 egal, Ireland, to this country in 1791, locating shortly after in Pannett Town- 
 ship, and soon after his arrival, in 1794, was called on to aid in quelling the 
 Whisky Rebellion. He was a tailor, which trade he followed for many years 
 up and down the valley. It was the custom at that time for tailors and shoe- 
 makers to go from house to house and make up the stock for the family. He 
 married Hannah Rowls, a native of Chester County, Penn. , and a daughter of 
 John and Nancy (Morrow) Rowls. Mr. Price was a good citizen, attended to 
 his own personal affairs, carried on farming to some extent, but did not own 
 any land. He passed away in August, 1844, highly respected in the com- 
 munity in which he had lived. Of the following named children who grew 
 up and reared families, none are now living except Robert: John, Thomas, 
 William, Richard (who served in the Mexican war), Robert and Nancy I. She 
 -married James W^atts ; she and Thomas settled in Marion County, Ohio, and 
 both reared families. John settled in McDonough County, 111. William and 
 Robert alone remained in the county. Robert, our subject, closely applied 
 himself to his books when young, attended the best schools of the neighbor- 
 hood and also those of Chambersburg, and his career as teacher has been a 
 very successful one. Jane 25, 1841. he married Rachel Skinner, a native of 
 Path Valley, born May 5, 1817, a daughter of William Skinner, whose father 
 was also named William. Her mother was Jane, a daughter of Titus and 
 Catherine (Rowls) Harry; her grandfather, William, married Martha Duncan. 
 Mr. Price located at the head of Amberson' s Valley in 1858, and here has 
 since resided, having something over 300 acres of land. Of eight children 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 753 
 
 bom to him, seven are living, viz. : Sylvester, married to Martha Diven; 
 Mary A, , wife of George Shields (they reside on the homestead) ; Thomas J. , 
 at home; Almira J., wife of James Fagon; William A., at home; Noah A., 
 married to Jane Shields, and Martha, wife of David Ferguson. James, whose 
 name is not mentioned above, is buried in North Carolina, where he fell in 
 the service of his country, March 16, 1865, pierced by a bullet while on the 
 skirmish line. He first enlisted in the Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
 and served his term of six months; then enlisted in the Ninth Pennsylvania 
 Cavaliy for three years, or during the war, and was killed after serving ten 
 months. Sylvester served in the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania "Bucktails." 
 Mr. Price and family are members of the Catholic Church. In politics he is 
 a Douglas Democrat. 
 
 K. P. KOSENBERRY, superintendent of McLean' stann"-y, P. O. Doyles- 
 burg, was born in Letterkenny Township, this county, Octobrfr 4, 1838, a son 
 of Benjamin and Harriet (Peebles) Rosenberry. He was brcught up on the 
 farm and received a good common-school education, which he augmented by 
 several years' experience as teacher, being engaged continuously for about thir- 
 teen winters, beginning that vocation at the age of nineteen. About 1869 he 
 came to Doylesburg and began work at the tannery, first as a common laborer, 
 and made himself useful in many ways, keeping the company' s books, receiving 
 and measuring bark, working in every capacity to advance the interests of 
 his employers, and learning the many details of the business. His diligence 
 and fidelity to the interests of the company being fully recognized, they ad- 
 vanced him from one position to another until he was placed in full charge of 
 the establishment in April, 1881. The tannery has a capacity of 6,000 sides 
 and 700 tons of bark annually. In 1866 he formed a matrimonial alliance with 
 Evaline Reed, who was born in Amberson' s Valley, a daughter of George and 
 Barbara (Stake) Reed, the latter a daughter of Peter Stake. Mr. Rosenberry 
 is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church, and an efficient and zealous 
 Sabbath-school worker, being superintendent of the Sabbath-school at Doyles- 
 burg. He has five sons and one daughter: AlvinM., Washington W., George 
 H., Benjamin B., Rush Mc. and Anna M. Politically Mr. Rosenberry is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 JOSEPH RYDER, farmer, P. O. Dry Run, was born May 26, 1825, near 
 Bridgeport, in Peters Township, this county. The name was originally spelled 
 Reiter, and later changed to Ryder. The family trace back their ancestry to 
 one Michael Ryder, an Englishman, who came to this country several years 
 prior to the French and Indian war, and settled in southeast Pennsylvania. 
 He is believed to have perished at Braddock's defeat, and left one son, who 
 bore his name, Michael, and who was the great-grandfather of our subject. 
 He was born Septernber 24, 1744, and died September 7, 1821. His wife was 
 Magdalena Newman, who was born April 21, 1747, and died August 26, 1821. 
 They had seven sons and four daughters, the eldest child being Michael. The 
 latter was born in 1770 and died in June, 1810; he married Saloma Wortze, 
 who was born August 24, 1773, and died October 5, 1853. Their second child 
 was likewise named Michael. He was the father of Joseph, and was born 
 May 13, 1798, near Elizabethtown, Lancaster County, and came to this county 
 in 1822. Two years later he married his cousin, Mary Ryder, daughter of 
 Adam and Elizabeth (Longenecker) Ryder. Her mother was a daughter of 
 Christian Longenecker, whose wife was a Miss Share. Our subject located 
 when young near Dry Run. In his fifteenth year he moved back to Peters 
 Township, near Loudon, where he lived until February 22, 1855, when he 
 married Anna Shearer. She was born June 14, 1822, near Bridgeport, Penn. 
 
754 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 She was a daughter of Joaathaa and Anna (Longenecker) Shearer. Jonathan 
 was a son of Peter Shearer, whose wife was Christina Markel, and a sister of 
 Gen. Joseph Markel, who ran for governor on the Whig ticket in 1844. After 
 Mr. Eyder's marriage he moved to Fannett Township and located on the Eby 
 farm, where he resided nineteen years. In the spring of 1874 he located on 
 the Coulter farm, where he has since lived, and has now 600 acres of choice 
 land, upon which are excellent improvements. His father built the barn 
 124x59 feet, in the year 1868, and the brick house the following year. Within 
 th'i space of eight years Mr. Eyder has put upon the Coulter farm 35,000 
 bubhels of lime, and, during the time he occupied the Eby farm and since, he 
 has put upon it 35,000 bushels and upward of lime, making an aggregate of 
 70, 000 bushels of lime upon the two farms. He has the best of farm machinery, 
 steam thresher, clover huUer, etc. , and farms successfully. He has worked 
 han". a lid is now enjoying the fruits of his labor. The family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Eyder yere as follows: Jonathan S., born April 27, 1856; Mary E., born 
 June 2. 1858; Adam M.,'born in October, 1860, died in January, 1863; Annie 
 C, boi June 27, 1863; Sherman J., born January" 26, 1865. Mrs. Anna 
 Eyder, /ife of Joseph Eyder, departed this life October 14, 1886. She was 
 a member of the German Eeformed Church. 
 
 SAMUEL A. SHEAEEE, tanner, P. O. Spring Eun, was born March 31, 
 1828, near Strasburg, this county, a son of Christian (a blacksmith) and Susan 
 (Probst) Shearer, to whom were born the following named children: William, 
 Mary, Ann, Susanna, Eebecca, Katie, Samuel A., Benjamin and Adaline. 
 Samuel A. when a boy learned the tanner's trade. February 14, 1847, he mar- 
 ried Harriet Piper, who was born in Amberson's Valley, January 28, 1822, a 
 daughter of Daniel Piper, who was born in this county, November 25, 1777. Her 
 mother was Mary (Witter), born March 26, 1784. Daniel Piper was a son of 
 John' and Catherine (Sollinger) Piper, and died June 19, 1838; his widow died 
 May 25, 1865. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Shearer moved to Juniata County, 
 Penn., where they remained eight years, and then came to Path Valley, farmed 
 eight years, then returned to Juniata County. After residing there four years 
 and a half, they moved to Shade Gap, Huntingdon Co. , Penn. , and lived two 
 years and a half, and in the spring of 1871 .located at Spring Bun, where 
 they have since remained. They have six children living: Mary S., Elizabeth 
 C, Eebecca F., William H., Emma M. and H. Ada. Emma M. is the wife of 
 David I. Culbertson of Shippensburg, Penn., formerly of Amberson' s Valley. . 
 Mr. Shearer is a member of the church of the United Brethren in Christ, and 
 has been officially connected with thp same; and of which his son, W^illiam H., 
 is a trustee. 
 
 yo"""^! o^^ ^' SHEAEEE, farmer, P. O. Spring Eun, was born Novem- 
 ber 12, 1841, on the farm which he now owns, one-half mile from the south 
 part of the township, the eldest son of Elias Shearer, who was born on the 
 dividmglme between Metal and Fannett Townships, January 1, 1814, and who 
 was a son of Jacob Shearer (an early settler in the Valley), and married Eliza 
 Campbell, Aprd 14, 1836; she was bom July 3, 1814, a daughter of William 
 Campbell After marriage they removed to the farm now owned by their son, 
 William C, and remained until their death, he dying June 3, 1885, and she in 
 November of the same year. They reared eight children: William C, Maria 
 E, Catherine A Margaret I., Sarah A., Mary J., Larue B. and Clara E., 
 Hun win r ^ t^T^t^P' except Margaret L and Mary J., who reside in 
 Himtingdon County. In 1868 our subject married Martha A. Kirkpatrick, a 
 daughter of James and Agnes (Shetler) Kirkpatrick, and they have six chil- 
 dren living: William W., Anna E., Ella A., Clara E., Sarah C. and George 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 755 
 
 H. Mr. Shearer operates a threshing machine in connection with farming. 
 He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 D. O. SHEARER, farmer, P. O. Dry Run, was born July 29, 1844, on 
 the J. Miller place, a son of William Shearer, who was born near Stras- 
 burg, this county, in 1809, a son of Christopher Shearer, who was one of a 
 family of twelve sons. "William, who married Emma, born in 1812, a daughter 
 of David Neal, was for nearly half a century a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church of Upper Path Valley; served as school director several terms, and was 
 a substantial citizen. He died, as he lived, a Christian, passing away March 
 23, 1885. Of the ten children born to him four are now living, viz. : Denton 
 O., our subject; Maggie, wife of William P. Kolb; John P. was a teacher for 
 s number of years, is a ^awyer, but now a resident of Indiana, where he is 
 United States pension examiner; and Susan A., wife of Daniel Wolff, of Spring 
 Run. Denton O. was brought up on the farm, and received an education which 
 he improved by five years' teaching, in the course of which he attained to a 
 professional certificate. December 29, 1870, he married Mary A. Elder, only 
 daughter of Joseph and Mary (Wolff) Elder, and with them he has resided 
 since his marriage, engaged in farming. He is a member of and elder in the 
 Presbyterian Church of Upper Path Valley, and an active worker in the Sun- 
 day-school, hating been either superintendent or assistant in the different Sun- 
 day-schools with which he has been connected for twenty-two years, the last 
 five years superintendent of the Dry Run Presbyterian Sunday-school. He has 
 also been Chorister for the same length of time. He was church trustee five 
 years, and served his township for two terms (term ^three years) as school di- 
 rector, and one year as registry assessor. He was elected a delegate to the 
 Democratic State Convention which met in AUentown, Penn. , in March, 1884, 
 and in the same year was elected one of the directors of the " Children's Aid 
 Society," of Franklin County, which was organized that year in Chambers- 
 hntg. In addition to farming he has since his marriage been somewhat exten- 
 sively engaged in other business, such as the settlement of estates, acting as- 
 guardian for wards, and managing estates as agent, etc. He has been execu- 
 tor, administrator and assignee, and is at present executor in three estates and 
 guardian for seven wards. 
 
 JOHN ALFERD SHOEMAKER, merchant of Amberson's Valley, was 
 bom FelHTiary 15, 1848, about midway between Roxbury and Strasburg, the 
 eldest son of William and Mary (Hefflefinger) Shoemaker, residents of Letter- 
 kenny Township, this county. John A. remained at home on the farm until 
 twenty years of age, and then went to learn his trade in the Franklin Tannery. 
 In 1871 he entered mercantile business, buying out the interest of S. J. 
 Eckenrode, and has since been engaged in this line. He was elected justice of 
 the peace in the spring of 1885, and served as postmaster from 1873 to 1885; 
 has also been auditor and assessor of the tovniship; has been a director in 
 the Path Valley Mutual Fire Insurance Company for ten years, and has filled 
 other positions of trust. He is prominently connected with the interests of 
 the.Methodist Protestant Church and Sunday-school, being officially connected 
 with the same. October 21, 1868, he married Prances L. Stake, born March 
 23, 1849, daughter of Daniel Stake, a well known resident of Amberson's 
 VaUey, this county, and they have five children: Daniel H., born September 
 2, 1869; Dora, born April 23, 1872; William O., born October 13, 1875; Lulu 
 P., born September 17, 1878; Carrie M., born November 5, 1881. Mr. Shoe- 
 maker is a member and Worshipful Master of the A. Y. M., No. 262; also 
 I. 0. O. P., No. 419, and Encampment, and Red Cloud Tribe, No. 150, 1. 0. 
 R. M. He is a leading Democrat, and this year was elected a member of 
 the State convention. 
 
756 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 B. F. SHOPE, M. D. , Dry Eun, was bom in 1855 in Huntingdon County, 
 Penn. , a son of John Shope. He was reared to farming, but seeing outside 
 the pale of husbandry a wider field of usefulness, and which he fancied was 
 mord congenial to his tastes, he resolved to take up the study of medicine. In 
 the winter of 1879 he commenced reading at Orbisonia, under Dr. W. T. Brown- 
 ing, and pursued his studies up to the time of his final graduation March 15, 
 1882, at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City. On the 6th of 
 September, 1884, he married Sadie E. McKee, a daughter of James McEee 
 ■of Cleveland, Ohio, and settled down in Dry Eun in February, 1884, as the 
 successor of the late Dr. J. H. Fliokinger, and has since enjoyed an excellent 
 practice. In politics the Doctor is a Democrat. 
 
 DE. W. M. SHULL, Concord, was born in Spring Township, Perry Co., 
 Penn., August 14, 1859, the youngest of his father's family. His father, 
 Samuel Shull, was a native of Perry County, and a son of Frederick Shull. 
 Subject's mother's maiden name was Alvina Albert, also a native of Perry 
 ■County. The Doctor was reared to farming, acquired a good education, and 
 began teaching at the age of eighteen. He taught for five years, a portion of 
 ■the time as assistant at Wilson College. In the spring of 1882 he began the 
 atudy of medicine, first with Dr. McMonis, of Duncannon; later with Dr. 
 Stjricker, of New Bloomfield, finally graduating at Jefferson Medical College 
 in the spring of 1885. He immediately began the practice of his profession in 
 Blaine, Perry County, where he met with success. In February, 1886, the 
 Doctor came to Concord, where he has since recp'ved an excellent patronage 
 and is meeting with success. 
 
 STEPHEN McGINLEY SKINNEE, retired farmer, P. O. Dry Eun, is of 
 iihe fourth generation of the family in this country, and was born March 25, 1818, 
 on the farm which he owns, and on which his father, Stephen Skinner, located in 
 1808. The latter was bom in Cumberland County, in March, 1783, and 
 was a -son of William Skinner and Martha Duncan. John Skinner, his father, 
 <!ame from England and located first in New Jersey, then came to the Cumber- 
 land Valley, whei^e he purchased land in 1782. He had children as follows: 
 Anna, William, Archie, George, Phebe, and some whose names cannot be de- 
 tennmed. William, the grandfather of our subject, was bom November 15, 
 1757, and by his wife, Martha, had quite a family. The sons were William, 
 John, Stephen, David, Enoch and Daniel, and the girls were Nancy, Mary and 
 f.. /■■ ^^^ ^^^^^^ families, except Enoch and Daniel; John and Stephen 
 aettled m Path Valley. Stephen married Nancy Morrow, the mother of our' 
 subject. She was born January 7, 1785. a daughter of Eichard Morrow. Stephen 
 Skinner died October 30, 1851; his widow in August, 1855. Their children 
 were Ezra, Daniel, William, Thomas, Morrow E., David D., Agnes, Stephen 
 McGinley, Martha, Catherine, Mary, Enoch and James W., all living in the 
 Valley, except Enoch, James and Thomas. Our subject was reared on the 
 term, where he has always resided, with the exception of five years he spent at 
 M7rn?9fi' Sla f"'"^^'^- *Pi^^ liomestead, where he has sipce remained. 
 March 26 1840, he married Margaret Culbertson (who was born in Path Val- 
 aTr'es of'S' H ^l' ' ^""S^'Z?^ Samuel Culbertson. Mr. Skinner owns 100 
 Ss W W«,?r n''TJ^ "^"."x^^^^^^ ^''■-- Calvin M., Isaac, DrusiUa, 
 itZl J^Zri ' r^^- ^^^""^ ^^^^'^ ®- Elizabeth died when six year^ 
 nea^Bloor^^- m V ^^^ ^"^"^^^^ City, Col.; Isaac and Drusilla reside 
 hn^Lll !^^?' .^''^"^^ C°-. lU- Mr. Skinner is now retired from active 
 
 SoreMm HeL, n\ "'^^'""'^ ?^^"*'^' ^^^"^ P^^it^^^^ ^^ f^tt^er held 
 oefore Jum. He has m his possession the warrant and patent which his grand- 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 757 
 
 father, William, got from Thomas Blair, the first owner — the warrant laid on 
 June 3, 1762, and patented March 12, 1775. The tract -consisted of 436| 
 acres, which was afterward divided into four farms, of which Mr. Skinner' s is 
 one. For twenty-five years our subject was chorister in the church; politically 
 he was first a Whig and later a Eepublican. He sent two sons to the civil 
 war : Calvin and Isaac. 
 
 DAVID DUNCAN SKINNER, farmer, P. O. Dry Eun, was born October 
 11, 1815, the sixth child of Stephen Skinner, a son of William Skinner. He 
 remained at home until he was of age and for several years drove a team to 
 Pittsburgh. At the age of twenty-five, he married Margaret, daughter of John 
 Flickinger. She died leaving eight children, but one now living, Stephen. 
 Mr. Skinner's second wife is Jane Beers, a native of Huntingdon County, and 
 a daughter of Alexander Beers. To this union ten children were born (nine 
 now living), viz. : Eobert, Eldorado, Gilson, Nancy M. , Clinton, Wilbert, Mary, 
 Retta J., Emma C. and Anna M. (latter deceased). In 1844 Mr. Skinner 
 moved on the place where he now resides, and on which he has put all the im- 
 provements. He had but $700 when he bought the property, and has now 
 three farms, making 600 acres in all. Mr. Skinner has been very industrious 
 and probably did more hard work than any other man in this Valley. In poli- 
 tics he is a Eepublican. 
 
 D. J. SKINNER, farmer, P. O. Dry Run, is a descendant of one of the 
 old pioneer familes of Path Valley, this county, where he was born August 10, 
 1822, the third son of John and Judith (Doyle) Skinner. John Skinner was 
 born April 17, 1786, in this township, as was also his wife, Judith, daughter 
 of Barnabas Doyle, whose ancestors came here as early as 1748. The grand- 
 father of David J. was William Skinner, one of the pioneers of Path Valley. 
 Our subject remained at home until he was twenty-two years of age, when he 
 married Catherine, daughter of Andrew and Sarah (Stark) Barkley, the latter 
 ■a daughter of Isaac Stark. Mr. Skinner remained on the homestead farm fif- 
 teen years after his marriage, and, about 1859 moved to the Adam Crouse 
 farm, where he remained until 1869. He then moved to his present residence, 
 where he has since lived, and up to the present time has been continuously 
 engaged in farming pursuits, having several hundred acres of choice land, 
 highly improved. He is the father of ten children, as follows: Washington, 
 Sarah A., John M. , William B. , Anna A., Lizzie C. , Jennetta A., David M. , 
 Ada B. and Lotta B. , all of whom are residents of the county, except John 
 M. and William B. , the former a merchant, the latter an attorney, in Mount 
 Vernon, Mo. Washington entered the service of his country at the age of six- 
 teen, and returned as captain; he was subsequently elected county treasurer. 
 Mr. Skinner is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 JOHN STAKE, retired farmer, P. O. Amberson's Valley, was born in this 
 valley October 16, 1812. The progenitor of the Stake family came from 
 Germany and located in Lancaster County, Penn. Our subject's grandfather, 
 Frederick, was a Revolutionary soldier, and from him descended Peter (the 
 father of John), who was born near Strasburg, this county, in 1781, being the 
 youngest of a large family. Peter Stake married Anna M. , daughter of Harmon 
 Myers, of Amberson's Valley, about 1803, and located where James Craig now 
 resided, the place having only a cabin at that time and three acres cleared. He 
 was a farmer and hauled goods from the eastern cities to Pittsburgh before the 
 era of railroads. He was a stanch citizen and a respected member of the com- 
 munity. John Stake, the fourth son, grew to manhood on his father's farm, 
 and after attaining his majority went to Fillson to learn the carpenter's trade. 
 
758 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 which he followed for several years. February 5, 1840, he married Nancy 
 Ctdbertson, who was born July 9, 1816, at the "knob" in Amberson' s Valley, 
 the fourth daughter and seventh child of Eobert and Nancy (Bleckenridge) 
 Culbertson. Her paternal grandfather was Eobert Culbertson, who married 
 Ann Duncan. Mrs. Nancy (Bleckenridge) Culbertson was a daughter of John 
 Bleckenridge. Soon after marriage Mr. Stake settled down to farming, and 
 purchased a part of the Eiddle tract, where he has since resided. He has had 
 five children, three now living: Josephine, Eebeoca J. and Mary A. Josephine 
 resides in Letterkenny Township, the wife of John A. Eckenrode; Eebecca, is 
 the wife of David E. Eckenrode, and Mary, the wife of Jacob C. Eckenrode 
 (brothers), and both families reside in this township. Albert W. died of an 
 abcess in the side at the age of twenty -three years, ten months and twenty- 
 seven days, and Daniel J. died in infancy. Mr. Stake, though not a member 
 of any church, contributes liberally to the support of the Gospel, and favors all 
 Christian efforts. 
 
 DANIEL STAKE, farmer, P. O. Amberson' s Valley, was born in Amber- 
 son's Valley, December 16, 1818, in a log cabin one mile south of the Upper 
 Post Office, the fifth son of Peter and Anna (Myers) Stake. He left home on 
 attaining his majority and learned the carpenter's trade which he followed sev- 
 eral years. In 1852 he took charge of the old Franklin tannery, which he 
 conducted for eighteen years for Mr. McLean, after which he located on the 
 farm he now owns, and which he had purchased prior to becoming connected 
 with the tannery. He has an excellent farm of 150 acres, well improved and 
 situated in the heart of the Valley. His wife, Mary, was born in the Valley, in 
 1814, a daughter of Eobert and Nancy (Bleckenridge) Culbertson. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Stake have five children: Henrietta, wife of James Heifiefinger of Cum- 
 berland County; Prances, wife of John A, Shoemaker; Denton, located in this 
 township; Eobert, residing in Cumberland County, and Grier J. Mr. Stake is 
 a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. Grier Johnson Stake was 
 born in March, 1857, and is the youngest of the family. He married Jennie 
 Hammond, who was bom in this valley, a daughter of Daniel and Ellen (Skin- 
 ner) Hammond, and they have three children: Mollie E., Wisley P. and Tena 
 O. He has had charge of the home farm since 1879; is a member of the Meth- 
 odist Protestant Church; of the I. O. O. F., No. 419, and A. F. & A. M., No. 
 262. 
 
 ISAAC STAEK, the father of James Stark, and the grandfather of the 
 existing family of children, was born in Norristown, N. J., about the 
 year 1750. He removed to Path Valley in the year 1801, and located on the 
 farm of Eev. Mr. Bear, one mile northeast of Spring Eun, and now in posses- 
 sion of the estate of John Alexander. After a residence there of two years he 
 removed to Loudon, where he died in his fifty- second year. He married 
 Elizabeth Trousdale (wee Gleen), a widow, in the year 1787. (Mrs. Stark's 
 children by her former husband were Jane, married to Lam Elder, and Han- 
 nah, married to Samuel Culbertson; she was born May 27, 1785.) The fruits 
 of this marriage were as follows: Elizabeth, born October 31; 1789, who be- 
 came the wife of Michael Morrow, both of whom resided and died near Dry 
 Eun. (They left two daughters, Sarah and Nancy. The first named is the 
 wife of John Kennedy; the second resides with her sister near Griggsville, 
 Pike Co., 111.) Sarah Stark, the second daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth 
 Stark, married to Andrew Barclay, a pioneer of Path Valley, a sketch of ^hose 
 i- /P^®*^,! ^^ ^^^^'^^^ part of this history; Isaac M. Stark, the youngest son, 
 died a bachelor. His character was above reproach and he always had the 
 esteem of his fellow-citizens. 
 
FANNETT TOWNSHIP. 759' 
 
 James Stabk, the more immediate subject of this sketch, and the 
 lather of the existing family of children, was born in Norristown, N. J., 
 April 4, 1799. He came to Path Valley with his parents in the second year 
 of his age, and afterward removed with them to Loudon. At the time of his 
 father's death he was in his sixth year. His mother returned to Path Valley 
 and purchased the farm owned by the late Daniel Skinner; when he was four- 
 teen years old his mother died, thus leaving him and his younger brother, 
 Isaac, orphans. Their struggle with the world was a hard one, and it was in- 
 structive and interesting to hear James relate his experiences and hardships. 
 The writer has often, when a boy, around the old fireside, listened to him as 
 he told of the difficulties he had to overcome in order to secure the simplest 
 elemeats of an education; he related how, during the winter days, he gathered 
 pine knots, by the light of which during the long winter nights he studied his 
 lessons and his sisters spun and knit. Where now stand comfortable brick and 
 frame farmhouses, there were log houses with puncheon floors, and clapboard 
 roofs. He often told of waking from a good night' s sleep to find his bed and 
 head covered with snow. ' ' How well I remember now how he labored to 
 instil into the minds of his own children the necessity of economy and thrift, 
 by relating how he saved his first 50 cents, by carrying wheat to the mill for 
 a neighbor. And when he saved |5 in his fourteenth year, he felt as 
 though his fortune were made. Before he was twenty years of age he learned the 
 miller's trade and had charge of the mill at Orbisouia. It was while employed 
 in that capacity that he wooed and won Martha Skinner, whom he married 
 in the year 1825, the Rev. George Gray performing the ceremony. This old 
 father of the faithful ever had a warm' place in Mr. Stark's heart from that time 
 until his death. He never visited the Valley but what he was entertained at his 
 board. After a brief residence at Shade Gap and Waterloo, engaged in mercan- 
 tile business, he moved in 1833 to Dry Run and purchased the farm where his 
 wife was bom and raised on, and where he lived and died. James Stark dis- 
 played in his youth the same characteristics of energy, honesty and firmness 
 of purpose which were so markedly developed in his maturer years. He was 
 a man whose views were broad and liberal ; charity, both of word and deed, was a 
 prominent trait of his character, being ever ready to deal gently and kindly 
 with those who fell into temptation, and having a hand ever open to the poor and 
 needy. He took a firm stand in all movements looking to the educational ad- 
 vancement of the people and to the strengthening of the church. During the 
 ministry of the Rev. Amos McGinley, he was chosen a ruling elder of the 
 Upper Path Valley Presbyterian Church, and for forty years he was a promi- 
 nent figure in that congregation. His visits to the sick and his ministrations 
 to the poor and needy were continual, and his memoiy is cherished by many a 
 resident of that Valley. He displayed marked ability in the manner in which he 
 filled local offices and in the settlement of estates. His integrity was unques- 
 tioned and yet, during his long life, he never had a law suit. So peaceful was 
 his character that he was often called in to adjust differences between neigh- 
 bors. After a long and useful life, he passed away on the 26th of July, 1882, 
 in the eighty-fourth year of his age, retaining his faculties to the last. He 
 left surviving him Martha Stark, who was the youngest child of Will- 
 iam Skinner, an old pioneer of Franklin County. She still resides on the 
 homestead in her eighty-third year. How much of patience, of kindness, of 
 Christian love and charity this good mother in Israel brought to bear through 
 the long years of wife and motherhood will only be known at the last great 
 day. Suffice it to say that my poor pen cannot tell the story. Who can fathom 
 a mother's love! " There were born to them ten children — six sons and four 
 
760 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 daughters. The eldest son was killed by Indians in Chili, South America. The 
 second, Adolphus, was killed by a land slide on Sacramento Eiver while min- 
 ing in California during the exciting times of 1849 and 1850. The third, Al- 
 bert G., enlisted in Company A, the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Infan- 
 try, in September, 1861. He was engaged with the regiment at the battles of 
 Shiloh, Liberty Gap, Murfreesboro, .. Nashville, Franklin (Tenn.); also 
 Chickamauga and the campaign to and around Atlanta, Ga. He arose from 
 private to the captaincy of the company and now resides at Kansas City, Mo. , 
 engaged in real estate. The fourth son, Denton D. , soon after his graduation 
 at Jefferson College, enlisted in the Thirty -seventh Illinois Infantry, Col. Ju- 
 lius White commanding, and served during he campaign under Fremont to 
 southwest Missouri; in the spring of 1862, under Curtis, in the campaign into 
 Arkansas, which ended in the battle of Pea Eidge. In the summer of 1862 he 
 was promoted to adjutant of the First Arkansas Cavalry and was present at the 
 battle of Praii-ie Grove; in 1863 he was promoted to the captaincy of the First 
 Arkansas Battery "of Light Artillery and formed part of the army under Gen. 
 Steele, which penetrated Arkansas as far as Camden, He now resides in San 
 Francisco, Cal. The third son, Newell Duncan, enlisted in the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-Sixth Pennsylvania Infantry and was wounded at the battle of 
 Fredericksburg; he is merchandising at Topeka, Kan. The sixth son, Isaac 
 Andrew, was too young to enter the army, but was a great comfort and aid to 
 his aged parents during the dark days of the civil war. His untimely death 
 at the early age of tweuty-one at Trinidad, Colo., December 16, 1872, was a 
 )ad blow. The eldest daughter, Nancy Jane, married Joseph Ferguson and 
 resides in Griggsville, 111. The second daughter, Elizabeth Glenn, was car- 
 ried off in her twentieth year, a victim of typhoid fever. The third daugh- 
 ter, Maggie, though an invalid from her twelfth year, and unable to walk, by 
 her cheerful disposition and patient endurance is the solace and comfort of her 
 aged mother in the old homestead. The fourth daugl^er, Sarah, married 
 John W. Everett of Fannettsburg. She died of consumption about the year 
 1876, in Carthage, 111. ; she was a general favorite in the community. Mr. 
 Everett resides in Quincy, 111., a good man. in every position of life. 
 
 DE. G. E. STEWAET, dentist, proprietor of the Dry Run "La Pieere Ho- 
 tel," was born October 20, 1833, in Juniata County, Penn. , a son of "Watson 
 and Jane (Irvine) Stewart. He received an academic education at Port Eoyal, 
 Ponn. , at Bucyrus, Ohio, and afterward taught several years in Ohio and In- 
 diana. In 1854 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. C. West at 
 Hagorstown, Ind. ; afterward attended Jefferson Medical College at Phila- 
 delphia, and in April, 1863, he came to Dry Eun, Penn. , where he practiced 
 medicine and dentistry until 1871, when he removed to Everett, Bedford Co., 
 Penn. , and practiced dentistry in connection with medicine, and in the mean- 
 time built a handsome hotel property here, which he conducted up to 1884, at 
 which time he sold his property and retm-ned to Dry Eun, where he has since 
 resided. He owns the "Centennial " (now the "La Pieere Hotel"), which 
 he has remodeled and put in excellent order, and has the best of accommoda- 
 tions both for man and beast. His wife, Louisa, was born in Aiigust, 1831, in 
 Juniata County, a daughter of John H. and Jane S. (Logan) Burdge, both 
 born in Lost Creek Valley, Mifflin County. Mr. Burdge was a son of Samuel 
 Burdge, of Scotch descent. Mrs. Jane S. (Loganj Burdge was a daughter of 
 Henry Logan, a Eevolutionary soldier. (John H. , his son, served in the war 
 of 1812.) Mrs. Stewart had three brothers: Henry L., Eeuben and Moses. 
 Henry L. served in the Mexican war, and he and Moses were in the civil war, 
 both dying in the service. Dr. Stewart and wife have three sons: Alfred, 
 
PANNETT TOWNSHIP. 761 
 
 Homer and Ward, and one daughter, Maude. Mrs. Stewart has earned a 
 wide reputation among the traveling public, and the "LaPieere Hotel" is 
 widely known, the cheering variety of the table and the studious attention 
 given to the guests having merited the enviable reputation which the house 
 sustains. 
 
 JOHN STEWART, farmer, P. O. Amberson's Valley, was born September 
 14, 1846, on the old homestead, which he now owns. His father, Davis 
 Stewart, was born February 28, 1802, a son of George Stewart, who was a 
 son of John Stewart; the latter living to the age of one hundred and four 
 years. Subject's mother's maiden name was Juliana Fagan. She was 
 born July 18, 1812, a daughter of James Fagan. Davis Stewart set- 
 tled on this place in April, 1841 ; to him and wife were bom the following 
 named children: Maria E., Margaret, Simon, David, Henrietta, John, Jacob 
 and Eebecca. Maria E. is the wife of George Mower (they reside near Cham- 
 bersburg, this county); Margaret is the wife of James B. Culbertson; David 
 served in the civil war, and is now a resident of Saline County, Neb. ; Simon 
 also served in the civil war; Henrietta is the wife of John Felmlee, of Juniata 
 County, Penn. , and Bebecca is the wife of John K. Weist, in Junction City, 
 Kan. Davis Stewart died May 10, 1871 ; his widow November 1, 1884. After 
 the father's death John and Jacob purchased the farm, and conducted it 
 together until 1878, when John bought Jacob's interest, and has since con- 
 ducted it alone. March 6, 1873, he married Mary E. Shearer, who was born 
 in this township February 15, 1853, a daughter of Jonah E. and Elizabeth 
 (Van Scyoc) Shearer. Mrs. Stewart died March 31, 1879, leaving two children: 
 David A., who was born May 1, 1874, and Carrie A., who died in April, 
 1883, aged about five years. Mr. Stewart owns 250 acres of land. In poli- 
 tics he is a Kepnblican. 
 
 GEOEGE M. TAYLOR, farmer, P. O. Dry Run, was born May 16, 1811, 
 at Sulphur Springs, in Amberson' s Valley. His father, Casper Taylor, was born 
 in Chester County, near Philadelphia, in 1774, a son of John Taylor, a native 
 of Germany, who removed to Path Valley about 1786, and remained here 
 about two years, then located in Amberson' s Valley, where he remained until 
 his death; he died in 1831, at the age of eighty-six years. To him were born 
 Casper, Robert, John, David, Peggy, Polly, Hannah, Nancy and Pelsey, all 
 of whom located in Franklin County except David, who removed to Baltimore. 
 Casper married Isabella Matthews, a daughter of George Matthews, and had a 
 family of four sons and two daughters, viz. : John, George M. , Isabella, 
 Nancy, Jackson and William. John resides near Springfield, Ohio ; William 
 removed there and died in January, 1886 ; Isabella resides in Perry County, 
 the widow of Elias Gruber; Nancy resides in Kansas, the widow of Samuel 
 Shearer; Jackson died at Ft. Littleton, in 1884. George M. was reared on 
 the farm and at the age of eighteen learned the manufacture of woolen goods; 
 afterward followed this some years as a journeyman, and in 1852 returned to 
 Amberson's Valley and bought the factory at that place, then owned by John 
 Cramer. This he carried on for thirty- two years; then, in 1883, he removed 
 to Path Valley, and located on a part of the old Hammond property. He was 
 married February 24, 1841, to Martha Hammond, who was born January 19, 
 819, second daughter of Lawrence . Hammond. Mr. Taylor has seven chil- 
 dren living, viz. : Franklin, Martin, Mary B. , Margaret A. , Emeline, Hannah 
 and Ida. Samuel died of pneumonia, March 20, 1882, aged twenty -three 
 years; Franklin farms at home; Martin resides in Shippensburg, Penn., a 
 teacher of the grammar school; Mary is the wife of Noah Laughlin, and re- 
 sides near Newbury; Emeline resides near Newbury, the wife of David Nus- 
 
762 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 baum; Hannah is the wife of George Rine, residing near Dry Eun; Ida is the 
 ■wife of Wilbur Skinner, residing north of Dry Run. Mr. Taylor has always 
 been a Republican in sentiment; is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Two 
 of his sons, Franklin and Martin, served in the civil war. Franklin was in 
 the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and. spent eighteen months in . Libby 
 Prison ; Marlin returned with the loss of a hand. 
 
 JOHN HARRISON WITHEROW, merchant, Spring Run, was born in 
 Fannettsburg, this county, July 31, 1836, the eldest son of Hon. John Withe- 
 row, a well known resident of the county, who was born July 13, 1794, in Fan- 
 nettsburg, a son of John Witherow, of Scotch descent, whose wife was a Kil- 
 gore. To them were born eight children, seven of whom — John, David, 
 James, Joseph, Eeziah, Jane, Hannah— lived to rear families. David settled 
 near Carrick Furnace, and finally removed to Illinois; Joseph went to Califor- 
 nia; Jane married William Dunkle; Hannah married Jacob Wilhelm, of Metal. 
 John Witherow was reared in Fannettsburg, following the trade of carpenter, 
 and served as justice of the peace for twenty-five years; served in the war of 
 1812-14, and in the civil war held a commission in the home guard. .He was first 
 •appointed justice of the peace by the governor, afterward was elected by the 
 ^people. In the militia he held commissions from lieutenant to lieutenant-col- 
 onel. He was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church, and in politics an 
 old line Whig, but never a member of the Know-nothing party. He was a 
 member of the Legislature in 1857. He died in Fannettsburg, May 18, 1864, 
 highly esteemed in the community in which he lived. His wife, Susan Types, 
 born October 7, 1803, in Path Valley, died October 14, 1846. They had six 
 daughters and two sons, but four now living: John Harrison, Eliza A., Mary 
 J. and Isabella. Our subject lived in Fannettsburg until the war of the Re- 
 bellion, and learned the trade of his father. He held a commission in the 
 " Washington Blues " as lieutenant, with which organization he was connected 
 nine years. In February, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and 
 ;Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served until his discharge, on 
 account of disability, in the spring of 1863. He returned to his home in Fan- 
 ■nettsbiirg, and afterward went to Chambersburg, where he clerked in the 
 ■" Franklin Hotel " for two years. In December, 1865, he came to Spring 
 Run and engaged in the mercantile business, which he has since continued. He 
 married in, June, 1859, Mary E. Barcley, who was bom in Fannettsburg, this 
 county, daughter of William and Mary (McDonnel) Barcley. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Witherow have one child, John C, and an adopted child, Florence S. Mr. 
 ^^Q f ''i^oT^^ ^ sergeant-at-arms in the House of Representatives from 
 l«7y to 1883. He is a member of the Spring Run Presbyterian Church and of 
 the I. O. O. F., No 811. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 DANIEL WOLFF, merchant. Spring Run, was born January 22, 1846, in 
 Amberson s Valley. His father, David Wolff, also a native of the same place, 
 was born September 10, 1821, a son of David Wolff, a native of Pennsylvania 
 who located m Amberson's Valley about 1800, and who married Martha Kirk- 
 patnck, who was bom February 13, 1781. David Wolff (our subject's grand- 
 father) died January 14, 1866, his wife in August, 1853. David Wolff, our 
 subject s father, married Elizabeth Reed, who was bom in this county, a 
 
 t^t^^ 7^ ^'i«.Q T^i?.I^.^^id Wolff was a farmer all his life and Ld 
 in 1846; t« widow in 1859 Their children, three in number, are all residents 
 of this county: Martha is the wife of Noah Brinley, of Spring Run; George 
 
 on arriving at manhood left home and followed farming until 1881 when he 
 came to Spnng Run, where he still remains, engaged in merchand^rilg He 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 763 
 
 served as postmaster two years prior to the present administratioh, and still 
 holds the office. September 28, 1868, he married Susan A. Shearer, a native 
 of this township, and a daughter of William Shearer. They have seven chil- 
 dren: William E., Elizabeth H., John S., Mary E., Edith M., Daniel 0. and 
 Bruce M. In politics Mr. WolfF is a Democrat, and in religion a Presby- 
 terian. 
 
 JOHN WOLFF, farmer, P. O. Dry Eun, was born in Path Valley, this 
 county, July 26, 1832, eldest son of his parents. His father, Daniel, a son of 
 David Wolff, was also born in the Valley, and married Barbara Keasey, a 
 daughter of John Keasey, whose wife was a Hammond. Daniel Wolff died in 
 1844; his widow is now in her eightieth year. To them were born two chil- 
 dren: John and David; the latter was drafted and assigned to the One Hun- 
 dred and Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was killed at Sail- 
 or's Creek, Appomattox. John also took active part in the civil war, and went 
 out in the Two Hundred and First Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry in 1864, 
 serving until the close of the war. When John was but twelve years old his 
 father died, and he was thrown upon his own resources. At the age of eight- 
 een he began teaching, and for twenty years taught school at the Center 
 Valley Schoolhouse, in Metal Township. December 24, 1855, he married 
 Margaret Ann, daughter of James McCui-dy, and they have five children: Laura 
 E.; Nettie B., wife of William Alexander; John M., Oliver B. and James A. 
 Since 1876 Mr. Wolff has been engaged in farming. He has been identified 
 with the Presbyterian Chui-ch since 1855, and is an elder in the same. In pol- 
 itics he is a Prohibitionist. 
 
 GREENE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 MARSHALL EDMONDSON BATTIN, farmer, P. 0. Scotland, was born in 
 Chester County, Penn. , March 10, 1836. The family is of Scotch and English ex- 
 traction. His parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents were of the Quaker 
 faith. The great-grandparents were among the earliest settlers of Chester 
 County, Penn. , having taken up large tracts of land on Brandy wine Creek in 
 East Brandywine Township — where many of the descendants still live, and are 
 among the most enterprising and intelligent citizens of the county. His great- 
 grandmother, Edmondson Taylor, was a Quaker preacher of the orthodox faith 
 until about 1825, when, Elias Hicks having caused a division in the Quaker 
 ranks, many of them adopted his tenets. They are called Hicksite Friends. 
 His great-grandmother, Edmondson Taylor, was an aunt of the author and 
 poet, the late Bayard Taylor, who died very suddenly in Berlin, Germany, 
 while serving as United States Consul to that country. In 1858 M. E. Battin 
 commenced a course of study at Pleasant Hill Academy, in Hanover, Penn., 
 remaining there till the spring of 1860, when he entered the freshman class at 
 Selin's Grove Institute, Penn. In 1862 he, with his whole class, responded to 
 Gov. Curtin' s call for ninety days' men to protect the State from the approach 
 of the Southern Army. In September, 1862, he entered the sophomore class, 
 and in the spring of 1863 he, with nearly his whole class, enlisted in the United 
 States volunteer service, having gone into an independent regiment of cavalry 
 called the Wissahickon Cavalry and connected with the Twentieth Pennsylva- 
 nia Cavalry. They did effective service at Gettysburg and in Virginia. The 
 
764 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 regiment being disbanded in the fall of 1863, he again resumed studies in his 
 class, but on February 12, 1864, he again, with one of his class, re-entered 
 the volunteer service by enlisting in the Third Pennsylvania Artillery, Com- 
 pany G, One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment, and were sent to Fortress 
 Monroe. From there the same spring to active engagement in front of 
 Petersburg, Va., where he remained till Lee's surrender to Gen. Grant, and 
 then the regiment took charge of the pontoon bridges crossing the James Eiver 
 at Richmond, Va. , where he was severely injui-ed in the back, from which he 
 never entirely recovered. The war having closed, Mr. Battin was transferred 
 to Patterson Park Hospital, where he remained two months, and from which 
 he was discharged. He came to Franklin County, Penn., and here has since 
 remained. He married Susie, daughter of Jacob Garver, a prominent citizen 
 of Greene Township. They have four children, viz. : Mary G. , Chas. Edmond- 
 son, E. Katie and Luther G. Mr. and Mrs. Battin are members of the Luth- 
 eran Church, in which he is a deacon; politically, he is a Republican. 
 
 ABRAHAM G. BECK, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born February 3, 
 1834, in Lancaster Coimty, Penn. His grandfather, David Beck, came from 
 Germany and settled in Lancaster County, where he farmed, and reared sev- 
 eral children, and there died. Of his children, David, Jr., was bom in that 
 county, and there died in 1877, aged nearly ninety-four years. He was a pros- 
 perous farmer; he married there Mary Groff, who died in 1878, aged eighty- 
 six years; they bought the property on which they died, and wliere they resided 
 all their lives and reared their children, whose names are Martin, David, 
 Abraham G., Mrs. Maria Bowman, Mrs. Catherine Slone and Mrs. Sophia 
 Griner of Indiana. Abraham G. was educated in his native county, where he 
 farmed and followed milling one year. He then moved to Ashland County, 
 Ohio, where he was a miller one year; then went to Plymouth, Marshall Co., 
 Ind., and followed the same business; then returned to Lancaster County and 
 was similarly engaged three years. He then came to Franklin County, and for 
 fourteen years engaged at milling for Daniel Lehman, in Greene Tovmship; 
 later he bought a farm near Greenvillage of about thirty-two acres from Jo- 
 seph Cluckson, where he now resides. He married, October 19, 1869, Miss 
 Adelina Stahley, by whom he has two children: MaryS. and Abraham S. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Beck are members of the Lutheran Church of Greenvillage. He 
 has been school director. Politically he is identified with the Republican 
 party. 
 
 REy. JAMES M. BISHOP, P. O. Chambersburg, was born August 9, 
 1821, in Littlestown, Penn., on the old family homestead. The Bishops- 
 originally came from Germany, where some members of the family still reside. 
 Some went to France, where they were called "Le Veque," which means the 
 bishop; later they went to England, where the name was Anglicized and 
 called " Leviok." Others of the family came from Germany to America and 
 settled in Lancaster County, Penn., where they engaged in agriculture and 
 became representative members of the community. They were members of 
 the Luiheran Church. One of these, Philip Bishop, was born in Lancaster 
 Oounty Penn., and later moved to Woodsboro, Md., where he farmed He 
 then returned to Pennsylvania and settled in Littlestown, where he became 
 a leading citizen. He was the first member of the United Brethren, and 
 built the &st church of that denomination in Adams County, and the second 
 church outside the city of Baltimore. He erected the church with his own 
 
 W«'« irfi' r °.?*;'^^ "".Tt ^i ^""^ P^^^^'^ ^^^ ^'^ "^«- I^ political matters 
 IJ ffl l?-'"i^.*^^°^^^^^^''"°°i^°I^^mo«^ats, and filled many town- 
 
 ship offices, His first wife was Barbara Eby, who died the mother of ten 
 
GEEENE TOWNSHIP. 765 
 
 children — four sons and six daughters, viz. : Barbara, wife of Rev. George A. 
 Geeting; Mrs. Magdalene Brubaker; Mrs. Susan Grouse; Mrs. Elizabeth Gitt, of 
 Hanover; Mrs. Anna Heim; Mary A., who died unmarried; Philip, Christian, 
 Jacob and John. Philip married for his second wife Mary Senseny, and died 
 at the age of seventy- seven years. Of his sons, Philip lived on the home farm, 
 where he died aged seventy-four years, six months and nineteen days; he mar- 
 ried Catherine, a daughter of Jacob Senseny; she died at the age of forty-six 
 years and six months, the mother of ten children, nine of whom reached 
 maturity, viz. : Levi, Simon S. , Barbara A. , James M. , J. Philip, Lucinda, 
 Mary C, Sophia and Levina C. Philip Bishop was a member of the United 
 Brethren Church, of which his two sons, James M. and J. Philip, became min- 
 isters. The former, at the age of twenty- three, in 1844 entered the ministry 
 and traveled for thirty years, and for nine years has been an elder traveling 
 through the Cumberland Valley. He was married in this township, November 
 26, 1846, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Peter and Catherina (Grove) Over. She 
 was bom December 18, 1824, on the farm where our subject now resides. 
 To her and her husband six Children have been born, viz. : Mrs. Emma C. 
 Plough, Mrs. Mary V. Bolinger, Alvin O. , Mrs. Edith M. Smiley, Mrs. Laura 
 E. Oyler (who died September 21, 1884, aged twenty -three years), and Alcesta 
 B. Bishop. Politically Mr. Bishop is identified with the American and Pro- 
 hibition parties. The antecedents of Mr. Bishop were all earnest and enthusi- 
 astic workers in the service of the church. Mr. Bishop received his early educa- 
 tion in Littlestown Academy, and at an early age embraced leligion. In early 
 life he was engaged in merchandising, and while so employed would occasion- 
 ally exhort and preach, until ex-Bishop Eussel prevailed upon him to enter the 
 work more fully. In 1845 he was sent by the annual conference to Perry County 
 as a missionary, and succeeeded so well that the next conference recognized 
 his charge as a circuit. In 1846 he was transferred to the Chambereburg Cir- 
 cuit, and for the next two years labored in the district, in which he is now so 
 well known and loved. Each year 100 persons were converted and many 
 received into the fellowship of the church. In 1847 he was assigned, in addi- 
 tion to the Chambersburg Circuit, to the Rocky Spring charge. At that time 
 he interested himself to procure money for missionary purposes, and adopted 
 a novel plan. He took a pig, called ' ' the missionary pig, "and persuaded others 
 to do likewise, and in the fall of the year the pigs were sold, and the money, 
 $30, sent to the board. His plan was followed by many other ministers. F»r 
 a short period Mr. Bishop devoted his time to his farms, and was then sta- 
 tioned two years in the Greencastle Circuit. At the following conference he 
 was elected presiding elder and placed in the Chambersburg District, which 
 included the charges in Franklin and Fulton Counties and the southwestern part 
 of Cumberland County. To this position he was re-elected for three years, 
 and then traveled the Orrstown and Rocky Spring charges. Afterward he was 
 again elected presiding elder and served five years, traveling the Greencastle 
 and Mowersville work and the Shippensburg station. In 1877 Rev. Mr. Bishop 
 served a new congregation in Chambersburg four years with good results. He 
 has always been held in high esteem by his church; twice he represented the 
 annual conference in the general conference: once in Lebanon in 1869, and 
 again in Dayton, Ohio, in 1873. In 1854 he was elected treasurer of the 
 Branch Home, Frontier and Foreign Mission Society in this district. By 
 thrift and foresight he has managed to accumulate property making him inde- 
 pendent of a fixed salary. He now leads a quiet life at Pleasant Retreat par- 
 sonage, and occasionally conducts services at the quarterly meetings and 
 preaches for some of his brother .ninisters. His popularity is attested by the 
 large audiences which attend on tiiese occasions. 
 
766 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 SAMUEL BIXLER, retired farmer, P. O. Scotland, was bom April 23, 
 1828, in Carroll County, Md. , on the old homestead of the Bixler family. His 
 great-great-grandiather, John Bixler, came from Switzerland during the relig- 
 ious persecution in 1680, and settled in Lancaster County (now York), Penn. 
 He settled on the Codorus Creek, near York County ; was a farmer and miUer, and 
 reared several children. He was a member of the Mennonite faith. His eon 
 Jacob, also a farmer and miller, lived a short time in Baltimore, Md. ; then 
 settled in the Bachman Valley, that State, where he died. He was twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife, nee Miss Bear, bore him two children. His second, 
 Elizabeth Rickman, bore him eight, and of these, Jacob, the grandfather of 
 our subject, married Barbara Grable. He was a farmer, a member of the 
 German Reformed Church, and died aged seventy-two, the father of eight 
 children. Of these, Jacob, the father of our subject, was a farmer, and in the 
 spring of 1830, moved to Cumberland County, Penn., where he remained 
 sfeven years, and then returned to Maryland, and after two years came wC 
 Southampton Township, this county, where he farmed. He then came .to 
 Greene Township and carried on agriculture until 1851; in 1863 went to Pay- 
 etteville, where he died January 1, 1879, aged seventy-four years. He mar- 
 ried Nancy, a daughter of Abraham Kurtz. She is yet living, aged eighty 
 years, the mother of four children : Samuel, Mary A. , Dr. Jacob R. of Carlisle, 
 and Caroline E. Samuel married Barbara, daughter of John Sleichter. 
 The Sleichters and Kurtzes are old families of Swiss descent. Mrs. Barbara 
 Bixler died at the age of fifty-eight years, the mother of five children: Hiram, 
 Emma R., Samuel, William O. and Mary C- Mr. Bixler' s second wife, nee 
 Rebecca Sleichter, is half sister of his first. Mr. and Mrs. Bixler are mem- 
 bers of the United Brethren Church. He was formerly a farmer, then a mer- 
 chant in Scotland for seven years, then followed agriculture until 1884, when 
 he retired. Politically he is a Democrat, and has filled some of the township 
 offices, among them that of assessor. 
 
 THADDEUS BOGGS (deceased) was born June 22, 1822, in Fayetteville, 
 Penn. , where he died April 26, 1861 ; a son of Joseph Boggs, also a native of 
 this county, who lived near Strasburg. Thaddeus was married January 9, 
 1851, to Miss Hannah M. , daughter of William Mentzer, an old settler near 
 Fayettevillq. William Mentzer married Mary McFern, who was born near 
 Funkstown, this county, a daughter of Henry McFem, a native of Ireland, of 
 Scotch descent. His wife, nee Susan Knepper, was of German descent. 
 WiUiam Mentzer was the father of eight children: George, Henry, Benjamin, 
 William, Joseph, John, Abel and Hannah M. The last named is the widow of 
 Thaddeus Boggs and the mother of five children: William Hammett, who was 
 bom February 11, 1855, is the only one now living; Mary V., who married A. 
 10 ^^^^^^3^' died near Erie, Penn., December 11, 1875; EmmaM. died December 
 iQAQ ^^' *^®^ fifteen years and nine months; Franklin T. died February 28, 
 1868, at the age of eight years, eleven months and seventeen days; Tudie Boggs 
 died October 3, 1878, aged eighteen years, eleven months and twenty-four days. 
 Our subject s grandfather, William Boggs, a hatter by trade, came from Berks 
 County, and settled in Strasburg, this county, where he died at the age of 
 eighty-eight years. His son Joseph, also a hatter, was born in Strasburg, 
 this county, m 1800, and died in 1866, in Fayetteville, where he had followed 
 ms trade and was postmaster at the time of his death. He was a member of 
 the Presbyterian Church. Thaddeus Boggs was educated in this county, and 
 entered upon his business career as a clerk for J. B. Cook in Fayetteville. He 
 afterward became a clerk for the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens of the Caledonia Iron 
 worts. He then formed a partnership with H. McKnight, bought out the 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 767 
 
 general store of Ross Homer, and they did business together for several years, 
 after which Mr. Boggs continued the business until the time of his death. He 
 was a member of the A. F. & A. M. , Chambersburg. Politically he was a warm 
 supporter of the Republican party. 
 
 GEORGE BOLLINGER, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born Novem.- 
 ber '20, 1852, on the old Bollinger homestead in Greene Townshipi to which 
 his father, Joseph, had come about the year 1846. His grandfather, Jacob 
 Bollinger, emigrated from Germany and settled in Lancaster County, Penn., 
 where he followed farming. He was the father of three children; Benjamin, 
 Mrs. Catherine Grube and Joseph. Joseph was born in 1807, and is yet lining,. 
 an active, wide-awake man. After coming to Greene Township, this coitaty, he 
 bought 220 acres, to which he afterward added, and which is now divided 
 among his children. He is no politician but is identified with the Republican 
 party. Ho married, in Lancaster County, Lydia, daughter of Jacob Johns. 
 She died March 6, 1883, aged seventy years, the mother of sjx children, who 
 reached maturity: Israel J., Mary A. (widow of D. W. Thrush, a member of 
 the bench and bar of Carlisle and formerly president of a college in the West), 
 TJrias, Jacob, Benjamin and George. The last named (our subject) was 
 educated principally in his native county. In early life he farmed, and taught 
 school in the winter five years in his neighborhood. September 5, 1876, he 
 maniod Miss Mary V. , daughter of Rev. J. M. Bishop. She is the mother of 
 two children: Edith A. and Mabel. Mr. and Mrs. Bollinger are members of the 
 United Brethren denomination, of which he is circuit steward. He is school 
 director of his township, and politically is identified with the Republican 
 party. He owns 114 acres, a part of the old homestead, on which he now 
 resides. 
 
 JEREMIAH BRAKE, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born April 15, 1834, 
 in Letterkenny Township, this county. His great-grandfather came from Ger- 
 many and settled in Lancaster County, where he farmed and died, and wher©^ 
 his sou. Christian Brake, was born. Christian married Molly Roller, in Fred- 
 erick County, Va. They settled in Letterkenny Township, this county, over 
 one hundi-ed years ago, and were among the pioneers of this county; they reared 
 a large family and died here at a good old age. Their son, John, who was a 
 successful fai-mer, was born here July 2, 1795, and died May 7, 1858. He 
 manied Catherine Sleighter, who died October 1, 1857, aged sixty-four years. 
 She was the mother of six children whoaiTived at maturity: Jeremiah, Solomon, 
 John, Magdalena, Jacob (deceased at the age of nineteen years) and Catherina 
 (deceased at the age of fifty-seven years). Of these our subject was educated 
 in Letterkenny Township, where he farmed with his brothers ; finally the prop- 
 erty was divided and our subject came to Greenvillage, where he now resides. 
 He has a farm of 150 acres near the village. March 4, 1883, he married Miss 
 Amanda E., daughter of Jacob and Charlotte Keefer. Mr. and Mrs. Brakei 
 have two children : Carrie and Jacob Howard. Mr. Brake is identified with 
 the Democratic party, as was also his father, though the old pioneer, Christian 
 Brake, was a Whig. 
 
 JACOB BRECHBILL, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born February 
 12, 1838, in Letterkenny Township, this county; a son of Christian Brechbill, 
 who was born in Momson's Cove, Bedford Co., Penn., and when a young man 
 moved to Franklin County; he married, in Letterkenny Township, Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Abraham Crider, and who died in Kansas (where she was living with 
 her daughter, Mrs. Anna Stoner) aged over seventy- nine years, and was buried in 
 Letterkenny Township. Christian Brechbill was much respected by the people, 
 and acted as administrator many times. (For further history see the sketch of 
 
768 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Christian Brechbill.) Our subject was educated in his native township, and 
 at the age of twenty-two married Miss Eliza, daughter of Samuel Wingert. 
 She died in 1879, aged thirty-seven years, the mother of four children, three 
 now living: Annie M., Lizzie and Lydia; David is deceased. He next mar- 
 ried Miss Barbara J. , daughter of Henry Hoover, and to them have been born 
 three children, one now living — Jerome; Harry H. and Eber H. are deceased. 
 Mr. Brechbill came to Greene Township in 1865, and has a farm of 111 acres. 
 He is a member of the Eiver Brethren denomination ; politically he is a Re- 
 publican. 
 
 CHRISTIAN BRECHBILL, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born Octo- 
 ber 12, 1842, in Letterkenny Township, this county. His father. Christian 
 Brechbill, was born in Morrison's Cove, Bedford Co., Penn. , and came to Let- 
 terkenny Township before his marriage. He was a weaver and blacksmith in 
 Morrison's Cove; he married Elizabeth, daughter of Abraham Crider. She died 
 in Kansas in the winter of 1885, aged seventy-nine years, five months and twenty- 
 four days. Five of their children are now living: Abraham, Anna, Jacob, 
 Susannah and Christian. The father died in Letterkenny Township, aged 
 about seventy-five years. He was a prosperous farmer and owned several farms 
 at one time. He was a deacon in the River Brethren Church for many years 
 and well known and respected all over the county. Christian, the subject of 
 this sketch, was educated in his native township, and there married Barbara 
 Wingert, who died there. She was the mother of Abraham Brechbill of 
 Greenvillage. Mr. Brechbill married for his second wife, Susannah, daugh- 
 ter of Abraham Brechbill of Hamilton Township, this county. The following 
 are the children born to this union who are now living: Emma, David, Harvey 
 and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. Brechbill are prominent members of the River 
 Brethren Church. He lives on his farm of ninety-five acres adjoining Green- 
 village, and to which he came about two years ago. Politically he is a Re- 
 publican. 
 
 J. H. BRECKENRIDGE, farmer, P. O. Fayotteville, was born August 
 21, 1848, in this county. The Breckenridge family is well known in the his- 
 tory of the United States, and the Franklin County (Penn.) branch of it 
 springs from the same stock as Vice-President Brebkenridge of Fayette County, 
 Ky. Samiiel Breckenridge, father of our subject, was a fuller by trade, in 
 Southampton Township, this county, and kept a hotel on the pike. He then 
 removed to the vicinity of Fayetteville, in Greene Township, where he bought 
 100 acres of land. He was a successful farmer, and added to his land 
 until he had 150 acres, which is still owned by his heirs. He was twice mar- 
 ned: his first wife, Catharine, was a daughter of Capt.Redett, and died here. 
 His second wife was Mary Ann, daughter of Jacob and Anna (Sweigert) Hull, 
 of Carroll County, Md. , and is still living. Samuel Breckenridge died June 11, 
 18 /U, aged sixty-one years; he was born in September, 1809. He and his wife 
 were the parents of four children now living: Emma V., wife of Dr. J. E. Bix- 
 ler of Carlisle, Penn. ; William H., James Hull and Ida A., wife of David L. 
 Renfrew. James Hull Breckenridge is married to Miss Martha A. L., daughter 
 M«S T/- ^'""f^l^- The Breckenridge family are all members of the 
 M^eUiodist Episcopal Church, and politically are identified with the Democratic 
 
 18S?^.°^.?^ Z l^^^.?^^' *"'°^^^' ^- O- Chambersburg, was born May 4, 
 o2r. f'!f^^! homestead, in Greene Township. His ancesL; 
 
 cameina very early day to Pennsylvania from Germany. The great-grand- 
 father returned to his native country on a visit, and on the vojage bTck to 
 America was lost. The grandfather lived in Southampton Township, where 
 
GEEENE TOWNSHIP. 769 
 
 he farmed and reared a family. Of his children, George, the father of our 
 subject, was born and reared in this county, and came to Greene Township 
 when a young man, where he married Miss Elizabeth Minniok. She died in 
 1873, aged eighty-four years; he died in 1856 at the age of seventy-six. He 
 owned the farm of 166 acres, now the property of George W. Our subject 
 was reared in this county and married Elizabeth, daughter of George Keller, a 
 pioneer at Grindstone Hill, this county. They are the parents of the follow- 
 ing children: Mary C, George E., Ida M., S. Elmer, Harry E. and Bessie 
 G. Mr. and Mrs. Brindle are active members of the Lutheran Church, of 
 which he is an elder. He is a Democrat; served as school director for six 
 years. He was elected to the office of director of the poor of Franklin County, 
 although it is a Republican County, which speaks volumes for the standing of 
 Mr. Brindle, who was. elected in 1882, and served three years. 
 
 ISAAC BUEKHOLDER, farmer, P. 0. Fayetteville, was born in 1831, in 
 Cumberland County, Penn. His ancestors came from Germany and settled in 
 Lancaster County, Penn. , where they farmed. Joseph was born in Lancaster 
 County, and moved to Cumberland County, whpre he died a prosperous farmer 
 at the age of forty-eight years. He married Mary Whisler, who died at the 
 age of forty-one . years. They had seven children who reached maturity, viz. : 
 Joseph, Elizabeth, Isaac, Abraham, Mary, Anna and Leah. Of these, Isaac 
 was educated in his native county, and there farmed until he came to Frank- 
 lin County when he was twenty years old. He worked on the farm, and at the 
 age of twenty-five was married to Miss Lydia, a daughter of Jacob and Mary 
 (Diller) Weaver. Mr. and Mrs. Burkholder have five children now living: 
 Mary, Lydia A. , Sarah, Rebecca and Louise. Mary is the wife of John Frey, 
 of Chambersburg. The parents are both active members of the Mennonite 
 Church. Politically Mr. Burkholder is a Republican. He owns 135 acres of 
 land, formerly the "Gen. Reay farm." 
 
 SAMUEL R. BURNS, retired farmer, was born April 4, 1816, on the banks 
 of Antietam Creek, Franklin County, Penn. His great-grandfather, Archibald 
 Burns, emigrated from Scotland to America in 1751 and settled near Millers- 
 town, Adams Co. , Penn. , on the farm his wife had received as a gift from her 
 brother. Rev. John Cuthbertson, Covenanter minister, who accompanied them 
 to America, and settled in Lancaster County, Penn. Archibald died leaving 
 his sons, John and James, still lads, to the care of their widowed mother. 
 Mrs. Burns remamed, her second husband being Francis Meredith, Esq. 
 James settled in the wilds of Ohio. John wedded a daughter of Jeremy Mor- 
 row, of Carroll's tract, Adams County, and settled on the banks of Antie- 
 tam Creek, Franklin County, in 1773,- on the property still owned in the family. 
 He established himself mainly in the business of manufacturing sickles, erect- 
 ing a shop and mill for the purpose. Here he and his wife, Sarah, reared 
 their seven sons and four daughters, and here both died and were buried, in 
 what was then known as the Covenanter graveyard, two miles down the Antie- 
 tam from their home. In 1776 John Bums was summoned to be a soldier 
 in the Revolutionary war. About the close of the war he was appointed a 
 magistrate, and continued to hold his office until his death in 1809. The 
 children all survived their parents except the eldest. The latest living of the 
 sons was James, whose death occurred in 1875. He was captain of a volunteer 
 company in the war of 1812, and at the close of the war received the title of 
 general in honor of his services. The eldest son, Jeremy, became an occupant 
 of the paternal homestead and followed the trade of sickle-smith, which he 
 learned from James Thomson, son of Alex. Thomson, in honor of whom Scot- 
 land, Franklin County, is named. Jeremy Burns and Sarah, daughter of 
 
770 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 John Renfrew, St., and granddaughter of Saml. Rea, were married in 1811,, 
 and their children were twelve in number. The following named survive their 
 parents: Nancy, JohnF., Samuel R., Esther E., Jeremiah M., Sarah, James 
 C. and Hannah J. Their father died in 1847, their mother in 1855. Samuel 
 R., our subject, followed farming on the homestead until two years after his 
 father's death, when he moved to Guilford Township, this county, on a farm 
 near Fayetteville, where he distinguished himself as a successful farmer until 
 the fall of 1869, when he came to Scotland, and since then has been engaged 
 a greater part of his time in settling estates. He was mamed in 1844 to 
 Margaret Ann RenfreV, daughter of John Renfrew. Mrs. Burns died in July, 
 1865, the mother of six children, three sons and three daughters. Three died 
 previous to their mother, and the three surviving are Jeremiah M. , Sallie E. 
 and M. Annie. Mr. Bums was an elder in the Covenanter, now Reformed Pres- 
 byterian, Church, for a number of years previous to his settlement in Scotland, 
 and is now an elder in the United Presbyterian Church. 
 
 HENRY K. BYERS, M. D., P. O. Fayetteville, was born on the old 
 homestead in Fayetteville, February 22, 1818. The great-grandfather (who 
 spelled his name ' ' Boyer ' ' ) came from France and settled in Lancaster Coun- 
 ty, Penn., where some of his descendants still live. His son, John, married 
 a Miss Raum, who lived near Shippensburg, Penn. , and became the mother of 
 the following named children:. Frederick, Castle, Samuel, William, Mary and 
 Margaret. John Boyer, when a young man, lived a short time in Cumberland 
 County, Penn., and then bought a place three miles south of Fayetteville, 
 where he farmed, and died the owner of two farms. In religion he was a Dun- 
 kard, in politics a Whig. His son. Castle, was bom in Fayetteville, where he 
 died in 1849, aged sixty-one years. He was a farmer and hotel-keeper on the 
 pike. He manied Mary Kuntz, a native of Fredericktown, Md. Her grand- 
 mother was a native of Macedonia, Greece. IVIrs. Byers died here about 1870, 
 aged seventy-four years. She was the mother of the following named children : 
 Margaret, John, William, Henry K. , Caroline, David, Samuel and Magdalena. 
 Henry K. , our subject, was educated in this county, read medicine under Dr. 
 McCowan, and graduated from Washington College, Baltimore, Md. , in 1846. 
 He located at once in Fayetteville, engaged in the practice of his profession, 
 and has since enjoyed the esteem and confidence of the community. Dr. Byers 
 has been twice married. His first wife was Eleanor J. Thompson, who died in 
 1848. His present wife is Ann Jane, a daughter of John and Margaret (Black) 
 Crawford. Politically the Doctor is a Republican, formerly a Whig. 
 
 CHARLES ALEXANDER CLARK (deceased) was born August 26, 1828, 
 in Dauphin County, Penn. , and died at his home in this township, April 16, 
 1886, of consumption. The Clark family is of Scotch descent, the grand- 
 father, Walter Clark, having come to America when a young man. He set- 
 tled in Dauphin County, Penn. , where he owned a large tract of land. His 
 son, William (father of Charles A.), was born in Dauphin County, farmed the 
 old homestead, and about 1838 moved to this county, here he bought the 
 Myers farm and resided on it until his death. The family of Walter Clark 
 were members of the old Derry Presbyterian Church, below Hummelstown; 
 William Clark and family were also members of the same denomination, and 
 worshiped in Falling Spring Church, of which he was an official member. He 
 married Anna Maloney, who died in Chambersburg, Penn. , aged over seventy 
 years. WiUiam died at the age of fifty -five; he reared a family of four chil- 
 dren: William, Mary, Elizabeth and Charles A., all now deceased. Charles 
 A., was reared on the farm and educated in this county; he became a success- 
 ful farmer, improved his property in every way, and in 1879 built a handsome 
 
GBEENE TOWNSHIP. 771 
 
 residence. March 30, 1851, he married Miss Barbara J., daughter of Peter 
 Besore, an old settler of Letterkenny Township, this county. Mrs. Clark was 
 born there February 27, 1825, and still resides on the homestead; she is the 
 mother of five children: William A., Arthur B., Laura V., Anna E. and 
 Emma J. Clark. William A. is married to Miss Mary, daughter of George 
 Dice, a merchant of Shippensburg. Mrs. Clark and family attend the Pres 
 byterian Church at Chambersburg, of which she and her daughters are active 
 members. Mr. Clark was an advocate of the principles of the Republican 
 party, filled many township offices, and in the fall of 1883 was elected direc- 
 tor of the poor of Franklin County. He was well known and esteemed for 
 his many good qualities of head and heart, and in his death the community 
 lost a valued member, one who could be trusted and respected for his own in- 
 trinsic worth. 
 
 A. H. COOK, lumber merchant, P. O. Fayetteville, was born July 4, 1822, 
 in Guilford Township, this county. His forefathers were Germans, and set- 
 tled in Pennsylvania. The grandfather, John Cook, came to this county when 
 a young man, and married here; he was a farmer at Falling Spring, Guilford 
 Township, and died near Fayetteville; he had a large family, of which his son 
 Jacob was born in this county, was a member of the Eeformed Church, and 
 assisted in building the church edifice in Chambersburg. Politically he was a. 
 Democrat and fiUed township offices ; he was a weaver in early life and oper- 
 ated an extensive establishment at Falling Spring for coloring and weaving. 
 He married a Miss Hannah Hosier, and both died in New Guilford Village; 
 their children are as follows: John, Jacob, Elizabeth, AdamH. (subject), Cath- 
 arine, Peter, George, Hannah, Samuel and Margaret. Adam H. was edu- 
 cated in this county, and in early life took up farming and coopering, and for 
 nearly ten years followed the latter in Guilford Township. He then farmed 
 there, and later in Smoketown, Greene Township. In 1861 he came to where 
 he now resides at Cold Spring, near Fayetteville, where he also has a saw-mill 
 and a large ice dam, fed from mountain springs of cold water, which makea 
 the best ice, for which he finds a ready market at Chambersburg; he first put 
 up ice in 1875, and now has several ice-houses, and cuts about 1,500 tons per 
 year. Mr. Cook married Susannah Gesselman, daughter of Joseph Gessel- 
 man, and to them have been born four children: Hiram C, Jeremiah F., who 
 died at the age of twenty-one years; Alfred J. and Elmer E. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cook are active members of the United Brethren Church, of which he has 
 been an officer and class leader. Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 UPTON J. COOK., merchant, Fayetteville, was born June 20, 1843, at 
 Upton, this county. His ancestors were of German extraction. His grand- 
 father, Peter Cook, was born at Grindstone Hill, and of his children, Jacob B. 
 was a farmer, also engaged in mercantile business in Upton, and in 1847 came 
 
 to Fayetteville. Here he bought out the store of Arnold, and continued 
 
 the business for some years. In 1874 his son, Upton J. , took charge and has 
 since conducted the business. Jacob B. still owns the homestead and a ware- 
 house; is also postmaster and keeps a general store at Altenwald. This town 
 is located on his homestead. His son, Alfred J. , farms the old place. To him 
 and his wife, Margaret (Neal) Cook, were born the following named children: 
 Upton J., Elmira, wife of Philip Summers,; Maggie, wife of Dr. J. M. Eipple, 
 and Alfred J. Our subject was educated in Fayetteville, in early life clerked 
 in his father's store, and has since been engaged in mercantile business. Polit- 
 ically the family are Eepublicans. The father is a member of the Eeformed 
 Church. 
 
 WILLIAM L. CEAIG, merchant, Scotland, Penn., was born October 27,, 
 
772 BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1858 in Eoxbary, Lurgan Township, this county. His grandfather, John 
 Craig came from Scotland, and settled in Franklin County; his old homestead 
 is n^r Eoxbury. He was a farmer and brewer, and also kept a team on the 
 road between Baltimore and Pittsburgh. He was well known, very successful, 
 and a representative man of his time. He married Nancy Charlton, who died 
 the mother of seven children: William H., John H., James H., Mary, Nancy, 
 Margaret and Eliza. James H. was educated here; in early life was a teacher; 
 later a merchant, keeping a general store in Roxbury and Dry Run. He was 
 much interested in political matters, and served as postmaster at the last men- 
 tioned place. March 21, 1850, he married Miss Catherine, daughter of Daniel 
 and Elizabeth (Reed) Stewart, the former a son of George Stewart of Lancaster 
 County, who was among the early settlers of the township. Mrs. Craig was 
 born March 2, 1831, in Lurgan Township, this county, and died at the home 
 of our subject October 30, 1884. She was the mother of five children: James 
 S., John C, Daniel D., William L. and Harry F. Craig. James H. Craig 
 was bom in August, 1823, on the old homestead, and died in the military hospital 
 in Tullahoma, Tenn. He enlisted in Company A, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania 
 Volimteer Infantry, and was one of the 500 Pennsylvania volunteers who were 
 taken prisoners before they were armed, and afterward exchanged. He served un- 
 der Gen. Grant and participated in many engagements. Our subject, William L. , 
 was a teacher in early life. In 1881 he came to Scotland and embarked in the 
 mercantile business. He married, September 24, 1885, Miss Emma K., 
 daughter of A. H. Etter. September 1, 1885, he was appointed postmaster at 
 Scotland, and still holds that office. He is identified with the Democratic 
 party and takes a lively interest in political matters. Mr. Craig has in his 
 possession a rare and genuine Cremona (Stradivarius) violin, valued very highly 
 by competent judges. 
 
 MILTON CRAWFORD, farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born September 1, 
 1844, on the old homestead of the Crawford family. His forefathers left 
 Scotland and settled in the North of Ireland, where their descendants lived for 
 many generations. The great-grandfather, Edward Crawford, immigrated to 
 America about 1740, and took out a patent on 640 acres of land, on what was 
 known as "Penn's Manor." This land is still in the possession of his de- 
 scendants. He had three sons: Edward, who lived in Chambersburg, where 
 he was a' lawyer and banker; James and John. James moved to near Mer- 
 cersburg, where he died; John married Anna Holmes, and lived on the home- 
 stead (his wife was a native of Ireland). The great-grandfather, Edward, had 
 the following named children: Martha, John, James, Elizabeth, Ruth, Ed- 
 ward, Joseph and Mary. John and Edward were soldiers of the Revolution, 
 and John was captured with 2,300 others at Fort Washington, and kept a 
 prisoner on Long Island during the remainder of the war. The following is a 
 copy of a letter he sent to his parents after his capture, the original of which 
 is still in possession of the family: 
 
 _. , „ , „ ' New YOKK, November 21, 1776. 
 
 Honared Father and Mother: 
 
 I am a prisoner here, and without clothes or hard money, only what was on me when 
 
 ,1 , •{, ",~ ■; o — «.,..^wi.w. Awu uwu .iv.li WW uneasy Uuuuu ua«^. *. 
 
 am well at present, and live in hopes to see you. I am your dutiful son and humble 
 servant, 
 
 T»aT_.i T.T ^^-. ^ Lieut. John Ckawtokd. 
 
 ir. s.— I was taken November 16, at Fort Washington, with 2,300 more. 
 
 Edward Crawford will be remembered as the first clerk of the county of 
 Frankhn. Joseph was killed by the Indians; John and James inherited the 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 773 
 
 farms, but the latter sold his share for £300 to his brother John, and then re- 
 moved to Mercersbiu-g, Penn. , where he died. John died on the farm where 
 he was born, in 1827. He was the father of eleven children, all of whom 
 were active and highly honored citizens of Franklin County, esteemed by all. 
 His son Holmes was at the head of the Chambersburg Bank, and served in the 
 war of 1812. He was at the capture of Port McHeniy, and was known as a 
 thorough Christian gentleman. James Crawford lived and died on the home- 
 stead, his death occurring January 18, 1872, at the age of seventy-three years. 
 His three children are yet living: John E., Frederick B. and Milton Craw- 
 ford. The mother of these was Catherine, daughter of Frederick and Anna 
 (Eby) Byers, old settlers of this county. The Byers family were of German 
 origin. Mrs. Crawford was born October 15, 1805, in Guilford Township, 
 and is still living on the old homestead in Guilford Township. James Craw- 
 ford was a member of the Presbyterian Church; politically a Eepublican. 
 Milton, our subject, was educated at Fayetteville Academy, and while a stu- 
 dent, at the age of nineteen enlisted in February, 1864, in Company D, 
 Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, Capt. HuUinger, and served until the close 
 of the war. He participated in the engagements of Five Forks, Sailor's 
 Creek and Appomattox Court House, and served on Gen. Sheridan's stafP, car- 
 rying dispatches, etc. ; he was honorably discharged July 17, 1865, and re- 
 turned home. He then entered a business college at Pittsburgh, from which he 
 graduated in March, 1866. October 20, 1868, he married Miss Rebecca Har- 
 mony, a daughter of John Harmony, and engaged in business two years at 
 Beading. He then returned to the old homestead and farmed for eight years. 
 In 1880 he came to Fayetteville, where he now resides. He owns a farm of 
 157 acres near the old homestead. He and wife are members of the Lutheran 
 Church. Politically he is a Republican. He is commander of Capt. Stevens 
 Post, No. 317, G. A. R. , also is district deputy of this county of the K. of P. 
 and M. of E. of Caledonia Lodge, K. of P. 
 
 J. M. DOUGHERTY, druggist, Fayetteville, was born in Greene Town- 
 ship, this county, October 1, 1859. He is a son of James Dougherty, a na- 
 tive of County Tyrone, Ireland, who immigrated, when eighteen years old, to 
 America; two years later he returned to his native country, and when twen- 
 ty-one again came to America; on his arrival in this country he worked in 
 Lancaster County, Penn. , and later came to Franklin County, and located in 
 Green Village, where he was a boss miner, which business he followed all 
 his life. Here he married Miss Susan Zeigler, a native of this county, who 
 died in 1876, at the age of sixty-two years. She was the mother of seven chil- 
 dren: Margaretta, Angeline, Henrietta, Susan, Joseph M., Thaddeus and 
 WUliam. Our subject was educated in his native county, where he studied 
 pharmacy in a drug store in Fayetteville, of which store he has been proprie- ■ 
 tor for the last two years, keeping a general line of drugs. He married, March 
 4, 1881, Miss Mary E., daughter of Henry Stamey, and a native of this 
 county, of an old pioneer family. They have two children, Milton M. and 
 May Blanche. Politically, Mr. Dougherty is a Republican, as was also his 
 father. He and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 JACOB R. BBERSOLE (deceased) was born December 20, 1820, in this 
 county, a son of Jacob Bbersole, who was born in Lancaster County, Penn. , 
 and died July 19, 1864, aged seventy-one years, nine months and seventeen 
 days, in Greene Township, this county; he married Magdalena Root, who died 
 March 16, 1881, aged eighty-five years, three months and six days. They 
 came here when quite young and were the parents of eight children: Michael, 
 Jacob R. , Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, ICrs. Barbara Lehman, John, Samuel, Chris- 
 
774 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 tian and Mrs. Magdalena Lehman. Jacob R. was educated in his native 
 county and early in life became a farmer; he was very successful and owned 
 over 100 acres, on which his widow resides. He married, November 1, 1849, 
 Miss Elizabeth Frey, who was born in this county November 15, 1825, a 
 daughter of Christian and Maria (Oberholtzer) Frey. Mr. and Mrs. Ebersole 
 had two children : Mrs. Lydia Ann Rife and Reuben F. , who now farms the 
 homestead. Our subject removed to the farm where his widow now resides, 
 in the spring of 1851. He was a member of the Mennonite Church, to which 
 his widow still belongs, and was well known and respected all over the county, 
 and esteemed for his many good qualities of head and heart. 
 
 HENRY EBERSOLE, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born September 
 21, 1823, on the old homestead in Greene Township, this county. His fore- 
 fathers came from Germany and settled in Lancaster County, where they 
 farmed. His father, John, was born in Lancaster County, and settled in 
 Greene Township, this county, where he farmed; he died aged seventy-four 
 years, at the home of Mrs. Nancy Hurst, Washington County, Md. ; he mar- 
 ried Fanny Ebersole, who also died in Maryland, aged eighty-four years. 
 They were the parents of the following named children: Elizabeth, John (de- 
 ceased), Fannie, Martha (deceased), Henry, Nancy (deceased), Susan and Abra- 
 ham, all of whom reared families. Our subject was educated in his native 
 county, where he has been a farmer all his life. He married Nancy Lehman, 
 who died at the age of over twenty-seven years. He next married Martha, a 
 sister of his first wife, and a daughter of Peter Lehman, of an old family. 
 Mrs. Ebersole is yet living, the mother of six children: Leah, John, Eliza- 
 beth Samuel, Daniel and Fannie. Of these, Leah is the wife of David Mar- 
 tin; John married Miss Emma M. Whitmer, a daughter of Samuel and Martha 
 (Hurst) Whitmer (they have one child, Saloma Ebersole). Mr. and Mrs. 
 Ebersole are active members of the Mennonite Church. Politically he is a 
 Republican. He is the owner of two farms, one of fifty acres and another of 
 114 acres. 
 
 iQof'*'-^^^''^ ETTER, retired merchant, Fayetteville, was born April 18, 
 1825, m Southampton Township, this county. His ancestors are supposed to 
 have been of German origin, and to have settled in Lancaster County, Penn 
 where the grandfather, Samuel Etter, lived. He came to Franklin County and 
 settled m Southampton Township, where he reared a family, farmed and died 
 Jlis son, John W., was an old Pitt wagoner, an occupation he followed until 
 tne advent of the railroad. He was a member of the Lutheran Church; polit- 
 ^al]y, a Democrat. He married Margaret A. Howard, of Lancaster 'County, 
 Penn. John Etter died on the old homestead at the age of eighty-two years. 
 S^lZ? w ir * *^lr^^? °^ seventy-nine years. They were thi parents of six 
 Ph™r '^'^^■\'^°^u^-' ^^"^""1' Margaret, Jacob, Josiah (now in Mc- 
 Pherson County, Kan.). The father had two brothers: Jacob, who was a farm- 
 er and Samuel, who was a mechanic and became a ship-builder in New York 
 City. Samue Etter, our subject, at the age of sixteen left home to learn the 
 cabinet-maker s trade at Shippensburg, Penn. He located in FayetteviUe in 
 TZZT^ 1846 and here followed his trade until 1882. In 1865 he also 
 Kf y, f^r^''*'^^ ^^''''^''' ""^^^ ^« *o"o^«d until six years ago, con 
 
 levef vear?^' r? S^^* earned Mary Fickes, who died at the age of twenty- 
 her foC\. ^ IT'f ^li^J^B Mrs. Eliza Heintzelman, nee Fleck, who by 
 
 EH^-« « I bore one child, Ida Lee,, the wife of John B. Crawford Mr 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 775 
 
 BENJAMIN FICKES, retired farmer and mason, P. 0. Fayetteville, was 
 born November 14, 1828, in York County, Penn. His ancestors came from 
 Germany and settled in Lancaster County, Penn. , where his grandfather, John 
 Fickes, was born. He died in Cumberland County. His son, John Fickes, Jr. , was 
 born in Cumberland County, and died in Adams County. He was a Republican. 
 He married in Cumberland County and reared eight children — seven sons and 
 one daughter; of these, Benjamin left home at the age of five years and lived 
 with his cousin, William Fickes, for ten years; William was elected sheriff of 
 Adams County. At the age of fifteen our subject went to York County, where 
 he learned the mason' s trade, serving an apprenticeship of two years, and then 
 followed the trade. In the fall of 1850 he came to Franklin County, and 
 spent his time between farming and working at his trade; has also dealt in 
 horses. He is a successful business man. He married in 1855 Miss Harriet 
 Pen well, and to them were born seven children: AnnaE., Jonathan A., IdaB., 
 Lydia E. , Eliza J. , Martha A. and Harriet C. Jonathan A. married Emma 
 Heckman, a daughter of Christ Heckman, and had one child, Benjamin F. 
 Fickes. Mr. and Mrs. Fickes are Lutherans. Politically he is a Republican. 
 He has prospered in everything, and is now leading a retired life. 
 
 SAMUEL FEEY, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born July 1, 1827, 
 on the old homestead of his grandfather, John Frey. The latter came here 
 in 1792, from Elizabethtown, Lancaster Co., Penn., where he was a black- 
 smith. His ancestors were Swiss. He married Miss Kindig and reared three 
 children: Christian, Anna and Francis. Anna married Christian Ebersole, 
 who is now dead. John Frey died in 1838, aged eighty years, and had 
 acquired a nice property by hard work. His son Christian was born September 
 1, 1785, and died August 10, 1873. He married Maria Oberholtzer, who was 
 born here January 13, 1787, and died here October 25, 1846. She was the 
 mother of six children: John, Anna, Christian, Elizabeth, Samuel and Jacob. 
 Samuel, our subject, was educated in the log schoolhouse, known as the Leh- 
 man Schoolhouse. He was reared on the old farm, and after marriage came 
 to the one he now owns, and which consists of 132 acres of land. He married 
 Miss Anna, daughter of Abraham and Esther (Nisley) Long. To them were 
 born the following children: Mrs. Mary Weaver, Christian, Amos, Jacob, 
 Anna and Elnora. All the Frey family, except our subject, have been mem- 
 bers of the Mennonite Church. Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 SAMUEL GARVER, farmer, P. O. Scotland, was born March 18, 1821, in 
 Washington County, Md. , near the State Line. The Garver family came from 
 Frankfort-on the-Main, Germany, the grandfath*, a farmer, came from Ger- 
 many and settled in Washington County, Md. , near Smithsburg, and there 
 ■died. He was three times mairied and was the father of twenty-one children. 
 His third wife, Elizabeth Garver, was the mother of four boys and three girls. 
 Of these, Samuel was born in Maryland and died in Greene Township, this 
 county, at the age of seventy-one years. He bought the Thomson farm, con- 
 sisting of 600 acres, and which was known as ' ' Corker Hill, ' ' from the Bank 
 of Chambersburg, paying $30 an acre. After his death it- was divided among 
 his children. He was a man of good moral principles, one of the prominent 
 men of his day, and was an official member of the Lutheran Church. He 
 married, in Maryland, Miss Margaret, daughter of Ludwig Emrick, of Ger- 
 man descent. She died here at the age of sixty-eight years, the mother of 
 seven children : Sarah, Jacob, John, David, Samuel, Martin and Daniel. Of 
 these, John and David went west; John settled in M!t. Carroll, 111. Samuel 
 was educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg. He has all his life engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits, and now owns 127 acres, having sold a large amount. 
 
776 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 He was married here to Miss Sarah, daughter of David Goldsmith, member of 
 a well known family. To Mr. and Mrs. Garver six children were born: Charles, 
 (deceased); Theodore F., of Salina, Kan., a lawyer; Eev. Austin S., a Con- 
 gregational minister, of Worcester, Mass. ; Emma, wife of MoLeod Thomson, 
 of Altoona, Penn., the latter a civil engineer; Alice, wife of T. L. Bond, a 
 lawyer of Salina, Kan. ; John A. , a lawyer of New York City. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Garver are members of the Lutheran Church, of which he is an elder. He haa 
 been identified with the Whig and Eepublican parties, and has filled many 
 township offices, among them those of school director and assessor. 
 
 HON. H. C. GEEENEWALT, P. O. FayetteviUe, was born May 25, 
 1830, in Quincy Township, on the old Greenewalt homestead, on which place 
 the grandfather settled in the beginning of the present century. He is a son 
 of David Greenewalt, and was educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, 
 and Princeton College, N. J., graduating at the latter in 1855. In early life he 
 farmed, and also followed milling. He was elected a member of the Legislature 
 for 1877-78, and re-elected for 1879-80. In May, 1880, he received an appoint- 
 ment under Samuel Butler, State treasurer, as assistant cashier in the State treas- 
 ury, was reappointed in 1882, under Gen. S. M. Baily ; and in 1884 was appointed 
 cashier under William Livsey, State treasurer. He still holds the latter office. 
 Mr. Greenewalt was married in November, 1857, to Miss Martha L., daughter 
 of John Crawford, and to them were born the following named children: John 
 Crawford, Harry Lee, Frank Lindsay, Nannie Crawford, Jane Eenfrew and 
 Margaret Black. Of these, John C. graduated at the Pennsylvania University, 
 and read medicine under Dr. Sam. G. Lane, of Chambersburg, and graduated 
 from the medical department of Pennsylvania University at Philadelphia; now 
 located in Camden, N. J., as a medical examiner in the relief department of 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad. Harry L. is married to Miss Laura Taylor, and is 
 engaged in farming, and Frank L. is a medical student. Hon. Mr. Greene- 
 walt is a member of George Washington Lodge, No. 143, A. Y. M. of Cham- 
 bersburg. 
 
 CAPT. D. B. GREENEWALT, farmer, P. O. FayetteviUe, was born 
 February 11, 1834, near Mt. Hope, in Quincy Township, this county. His 
 forefathers were German, but his grandfather, John Greenewalt, was a native 
 of Dauphin County, Penn. He settled in York County when a young man, but 
 finally came to Franklin County, where he settled and died in Peters Town- 
 ship. He was also a blacksmith, and owned a farm of 300 acres. Of his four 
 children David, a successful farmer, died in FayetteviUe (where he came in 
 1844), aged seventy-two years. He married Elizabeth Stall, a native of Fay- 
 etteviUe. She died in Guilford Township, this county, aged seventy-four 
 years, the mother of four children: Henry C, John (who died aged twelve 
 years), David B. and Charlotte E. (wife of H. J. Renfrew). David B., our 
 subject, was educated in FayetteviUe, and was reared on the farm, following 
 agricultural pursuits aU his life, except while engaged in the service of his coun- 
 try. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Reg- 
 iment, Company A, Capt. Doebler, for nine months. He served out his term 
 of enlistment, and then joined Company D, Twenty-first Cavalry, as orderly 
 sergeant. At the end of his second term of enlistment, he again enlisted Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1865, and served as captain of Company K, of the Eighty-seventh 
 Eegiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, which company he°recruited in 
 his native county, and served in the capacity of captain untU the close of the 
 war. He participated in the engagements of Fredericksburg, WUderness, 
 Petersburg, Sailor's Creek and FarmviUe, Va. Aft,Gr the war he returned 
 to agricultural pursuits, which he has since followed, his farm adjoining Fay- 
 
GKEENE TOWNSHIP. 777 
 
 ©tteville. Capt. Greenewalt was married March 9, 1865, to Miss Anna C, 
 daughter of John Harmony, and four children were born to their union: Lot- 
 tie M. , George W. (died at the age of ten years), Milton H. and Carrie Bell. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Greenewalt are members of the Lutheran Church. Politically 
 he is a Republican; has served as school director nine years; was the first com- 
 mander of the G. A. R. Post at this place; is a member of the K. of P., K. of 
 R. S., and A. F. & A. M., George Washington Lodge, No. 143. 
 
 JOHN HARCHELROAD, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born Dec. 31, 
 1814, in Guilford Township, this county. His ancestors came from Germany 
 and settled in Lancaster County, Penn. , where they followed farming. John 
 Harchelroad, our subject's father, was born in Lancaster County, near Middle 
 Creek, and there married Elizabeth Etter, a daughter of Jacob Etter, an old 
 pioneer, of German origin. He came to Guilford Township, this county, in 
 early life, and owned two farms. He reared six children: Catherine, Mary, 
 John, Jacob, Christian and Michael, all of whom married and reared children. 
 The parents were members of the Lutheran Church. The grandfather of our 
 sabject died in Lancaster County in 1883, aged sixty years. John, our sub- 
 ject, was educated in Guilford Township, this county, where he farmed until 
 1846, when he moved to Greene Township, and here he bought his father's 
 farm of 204 acres, which he has since cultivated successfully. He ha's greatly 
 improved the place, on which he has erected a large house and other build- 
 ings. In the spring of 1886 he made his home in Green Village, where he 
 still resides. In January, 1840, he married in Guilford Township Miss Jane, 
 daughter of Michael and Jenny Bittner, natives of Southampton Township, this 
 county. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Harchelroad are as follows: William, 
 Mrs. Anna Alison, Michael, Christian, Mrs. Catherine Martin, Abraham, 
 Simon, Mrs. Lydia Ashburn and Jessie. In politics Mr. Harchelroad is iden- 
 tified with the Republican party, and has filled the office of supervisor for 
 many years. 
 
 E. HARTZELL, M. D., Fayetteville. The forefathers of this gentleman 
 came from Switzerland and settled in Pennsylvania in 1732. The great-grand- 
 father, George Hertzell (as the name was then spelled), lived and died in 
 York Coimty, and his son George farmed in Adams County, where he died 
 at the age of sixty-five years. He married a Miss Brean, who died at the 
 age of seventy-two years, the mother of the following named children : George 
 J., John, Henry, Joseph, Samuel, Elizabeth, Mary, Susan and Hannah. Of these 
 George J., the father of our subject, a farmer, died in Menallen Township, Adams 
 Co. , Penn. , aged fifty-five years. He was a member of the Reformed Church, 
 married to Miss Mary, daughter of Frederick Gelwix. She died at the age of 
 sixty -three years, the mother of the following named children: Lebright E., 
 Ezekiel, Zephania, Charles A., George, Frederick, Leah, Matilda, Anna and 
 Rachel L. Zephania and Frederick are both physicians. Our subject was edu- 
 cated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, and at the age of twenty -one com- 
 menced the study of medicine with Dr. David Gilbert. He next went to Phila- 
 delphia, where he attended the medical college and graduated from the medi- 
 cal department of Pennsylvania College in |1847. The next year he located 
 in Taneytown, and one year later moved to Fayetteville, where ho has since 
 resided, enjoying a good practice. He is a member of Franklin County Medi- 
 cal Society. Dr. Hartzell was married twice, first to Matilda Hewitt, who 
 died at the age of twenty-five years, the mother of two children : Clayton C. 
 and Levina (both deceased). His present wife is Mary A.,. daughter of Jacob 
 Bixler. She is the mother of five children : Milton B. , ' Georgt* J. , Alice 
 '{deceased), Charles A. and Mary E. Dr. and Mrs. Hartzell are m ambers of 
 
778 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 the Reformed Church; politically he is a Republican. The Doctor's eldest son 
 was educated at Pennsylvania College, from which he graduated; he later 
 graduated from Jefierson Medical College, and is now a practicing physician 
 in Philadelphia. His second son, George, is married to Bertha Etter, and is 
 a farmer; Charles A. is a medical student. 
 
 A. W. HEINTZELMAN, farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born July 11, 
 1839, on the old family homestead, in Adams County, Penn. His great- 
 grandfather came from Germany and settled in Northumberland County, Penn. , 
 where he farmed and died. His son removed to Adams County, where he was. 
 a prosperous farmer, but suffered losses in the Revolutionary war. He mar- 
 ried a lady of German descent, and to theria were born eleven children, of 
 whom Daniel is yet living in Cashtown, Adams Co., Penn. Another son, 
 John, married in this county three daughters of Martin Wingert. He- 
 farmed the old homestead in Adams County, and in 1850 came to this county, 
 settling in Fayetteville, where he died. He was a member of the River Breth- 
 ren denomination; politically an old line Whig, but later a Republican. His 
 son, our subject, came to this county when but ten years old, was educated 
 here and has always followed agricultural pursuits. February 5, 1863, he- 
 married Miss Sarah A. , daughter of Joseph Stahl. Theii- children are Clara 
 A. , Mary G. , Larhue, Winfield A. and Joseph. Politically he has always been 
 a Republican; is a member of the K. of P. of which he has been past chancel- 
 lor. 
 
 D. W. HESS, mechanic, of Scotland, was bom January 19, 1843, in 
 Greene Township, Franklin Co., Penn., a son of Samuel Hess, who was 
 born in "Washington Township, of which his ancestors, of German origin, 
 were -old settlers. Samuel Hess married, near Waynesboro, Susan Stover,, 
 who died in 1855, aged fifty-four years, the mother of the following children, 
 viz. : Mary, Catherine, Susan, Elizabeth and Daniel W. After marriage he 
 came to Greene Township, where he farmed and later worked at shoe-making. 
 He moved to Letterkenny Township, this county, where he resided some years, 
 and then settled in Greene Township, between Scotland and Chambersburg, 
 where he farmed for twenty years, then moved to New Franklin, Guilford 
 Township, same county. In 1857 he retired, and there died March 2, 1884, 
 aged eighty years, ten months and two days. Our subject was educated in the 
 schools of FranMin County, and early in life followed farming. He learned 
 the carpenter' s and builder' s trade in 1865, and the same year located in Scot- 
 land, Greene Township, where he has since resided. December 20, 1870, he mar-^ 
 ried Miss Susan A. , daughter of Abraham Whitmer, whose mother' s maiden name 
 was Elizabeth Shank, and to them have been born five children: Florence M., 
 Albert T. , Arie Gertrude, Samuel Edwin and Elsie Mabel. Mr. Hess does 
 much work for the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and employes about fifteen 
 hands. He also has a steam planing-mill 35x45 feet, which he built in 1886. 
 Previous to the erection of this mill he rented a building that was burned down 
 February 22, 1886. He has always been identifieid with the Republican party. 
 He and wife are members of the German Baptist Church. 
 
 ALONZO UPPERMAN HOLLAND, M. D., of Fayetteville, was born 
 September 25, 1839, in the city of Baltimore, Md. His 'forefathers were 
 Scotch, but settled in the North of Ireland, whence they emigrated to America. 
 The great-grandfather came from Ireland and settled in Maryland, where he 
 was a notary and scrivener, and afterward returned to Europe where 
 he died. His son, John TJ. Holland, was bom in Annapolis, Md., where he 
 died when almost eighty years of age. He was a copper and tinsmith; was a 
 popular man and had served as coroner. He took quite an interest in political 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 779 
 
 matters, being a Whig in sentiment. He married Anna M. Joins, of Scotch- 
 Irish extraction, who died when over seventy years of age, the mother of one 
 child — William L. Holland. The lattei: was born in Annapolis, then the capital 
 of Maryland. He was by trade a shoe-maker, and later kept hotel in different 
 places; among others at Fayetteville, whence he removed to Seven Stars, four 
 miles west of Gettysburg, Penn., where he died in 1860, aged forty-nine years, 
 seven months and nine days. He was a Whig in politics. He married Marga- 
 ret Upperman, a daghter of John Upperman, of Lancaster City, Penn. She 
 died in Fayetteville, aged seventy-three years, the mother of two children — 
 William, who died at the age dt fifteen years and Alon7 U. Our subject was 
 educated at Baltimore and the Academy at Fayetteville, after which he read 
 medicine with Dr. Barrick, of Maryland, and Dr. Senseny, of Chambersburg. 
 He then attended lectui-es at the Medical College, Philadelphia, and graduated 
 in 1870. He at once located at Fayetteville, where he has since remained and 
 has a farm of fifty acres adjoining the town. Dr. Holland is a member of the 
 K. of P. , and has passed through all the degrees and filled all the chairs, and 
 has three times acted as representative to the Grand Lodge. In politics he is 
 a Democrat. 
 
 JACOB HUNSECKEK, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born January 
 22, 1839, in this county. His father, John, was born and educated in Lan- 
 caster County, and when a young man came to Franklin County. Here he 
 mai-ried Lydia Shirk, who died the mother of twelve children: Catherine, 
 Abraham, Elizabeth, Jacob, Lydia, John, Solomon, Adeline, Aaron, Leah, 
 Daniel and Mary. John Hunsecker is a member of the Mennonite Church, 
 of which he was made a minister and is now a bishop. He is still hale and 
 hearty, and much respected. Our subject was educated here and married 
 Miss Catherine, daughter of Levi Hurst, of an old and respected family. They 
 have three children: Anna, Amanda and Saloma. Mr. and Mrs. Hunsecker 
 are members of the Mennonite Church. He has a farm of 205 acres of land 
 in good condition and well cultivated, and is a highly successful farmer. 
 
 JOHN S. IMMEL, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born in September, 
 1851, on the old homestead, where his father was also born. The Immel fam- 
 ily is of German descent, the great-grandfather having come from Germany, 
 and settled in Greene Township where he bought a large tract of land, on 
 which he died, a member of the Lutheran faith. His son John was also 
 born here, and buUt a part of the present house, hauling the stones with oxen ; 
 he also improved the farm and died here. He was a member of the Lutheran 
 Church. His wife was a Miss Barnitz, a native of Maryland, who bore him 
 fourteen children, ten of whom arrived at maturity: George, David, Leonard, 
 John, Kate, Annie, Michael, William, Jacob and Barnett. Of these John, father 
 of our subject, is still living. He married Anna, daughter of Jacob Stauifer, and 
 she died October 13, 1883, aged sixty-two years, the mother of four children: 
 John S., Mrs. Emma L. Kieffer, Anna B. and George B. Our subject was 
 reared and educated in his native county, and from his youth has been en- 
 gaged in agricultural pursuits, now farming the old homestead of 165 acres. 
 He was married, in this county, December 25, 1884, to Miss Ida E., daugh- 
 ter of Cyrus T. Kieffer, of an old family, and of German descent. Mr. Immel 
 is identified with the Eepublican party, his family were formerly Whigs. 
 His father has held several township offices. 
 
 JOHN W. IMMELL, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born in 1852 on the 
 old homestead in Greene Township, this county. The forefathers of Mr. Immell 
 came from Germany and settled in southern Pennsylvania, probably in 
 Lebanon County. John Immell the great grandfather, was born in Lebanon 
 
780 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 County, and after his marriage came to this county -where he and his wife 
 Barbara both died at a good old age. They were members of the Lutheran 
 Church, and had four children, John, Jacob, Michael and Elizabeth. Michael, 
 who was a trapper in the Rocky Mountains, was killed in an engagement with 
 hostile Indians; Elizabeth became the wife of a Mr. Foreman, a commission 
 merchant of Baltimore; John and Jacob married two sisters, Elizabeth and 
 Susan Bamitz, of an old and respected family of Maryland. John and 
 Elizabeth settled on the old homestead, where he died from injuries received 
 from the kick of a horse. He and his wife were the parents of fourteen 
 children, of whom four — George, John, Leonard and Barnett remained on the 
 homestead. George and Leonard died aged about seventy years; Barnett is 
 still living at the age of seventy-six years; John was the only one who mar- 
 ried. Jacob Lnmell, the grandfather of our subject, settled in Green Village, on 
 a part of the old homestead near where his grandson, John W., still resides. 
 Jacob took a deep interest in political matters, and died here in February, 1868, 
 in his ninety -third year. His wife died at the age of seventy-one years; eight 
 of their children reached maturity and two died in infancy: George W., William 
 (father of our subject), Mrs. Elizabeth Embick, Mary A. , Mrs. Caroline S. , 
 Wallace, Sarah A., Mrs. Eveline Hawk, Margaret (wife of Eev. Levi Will- 
 iams of York, Penn.). Of these George W. farmed in Guilford Township, this 
 county, on a Falling Spring, and died there in 1880, aged sixty-nine years. 
 He married Margaret, a daughter of Philip Weaver, a farmer and miller of 
 Scotland, and became the father of five children: George W., Jr., Mrs. 
 Mary E. Stauffer, Anna M., Jacob M. (of Philadelphia), and Alice, who died 
 at the age of twenty years. He was a prominent member of Chambersburg 
 Lutheran Church, of which he was an elder. And was identified with the Re- 
 publican party. William Immell, father of John W. , was born in this township, 
 and married Miss Elmina Hawk, daughter of Jonathan Hawk. She died May 
 23, 1852, the mother of two children: Susan M., wife of George W. James, a 
 native of Missouri, and a physician in Ray County, that State (they have five 
 children), and John W. WiUiam Immell died on the homestead. John W. 
 was educated in Green Village and at the Missionary Institute in Selin's 
 Grove, Penn. He owns the old homestead of 150 acres, where he resides. ' 
 He was married, September 29, 1886, to Miss L. Alice, daughter of John W. 
 Etter, a resident of Scotland, Penn. Mr. Immell is a member of the Lutheran 
 Church, and politically is identified with the Republican party. 
 ^v. ^,'j^; KAUFFMAN, merchant, FayetteviUe, was born May 23, 1849, on 
 n t Kauffman homestead in Guilford Township, this county, where Sam- 
 uel Kauffman settled in 1845. His ancestors came from Switzerland and set- 
 tled m Lancaster County, Penn., where they gained prominence and were well 
 known. The grandfather. Christian, a farmer, settled in Franklin County. 
 He married Nancy, daughter of Michael Groh, and they had eight children, 
 viz : Christian, Abraham, John, Samuel, Andrew, Henry, Jacob and Maria 
 Frantz. Mrs. Kauffman died in 1881, aged over ninety years. Samuel Kauff- 
 man was born m this county, and was a farmer in Guilford' Township, where 
 
 wLrth ■ T-iv,^f/°^'^ *^'' ^^""^ '"^ 1SS2' *^^ '•^'"o^ed to Waynesboro, 
 where he is a stockholder in the Geiser Manufacturing Company. He married 
 Anna Byers, who bore him eight chUdren: Samuel, WiUiam, John, Andrew 
 G., Mrs. Margaret Tauckey, Mrs. Alice Brechbill, Anna and Emma. Andrew 
 WaTp'^ii^t ' ^^« «'i'^«ated in his native county, and in the Iron City Col- 
 S;n«/ll ^ ^^5'/'°°.i' ^^"'^ ^" graduated in the spring of 1873. Ven 
 erSor« nrr'^K 4T"\"^*'i*^^ *^ °* ^^^3. He then bought the gen- 
 eral store of Jacob B. Cook, of FayetteviUe, which he operated unfil the fall of 
 
GEEENE TOWNSHIP. 781 
 
 1875, when he sold out and moved back to the farm. In the spring of 1877 
 he moved to Waynesboro, where he kept books for Weaver, Bear & Co. one 
 year. In 1878 he again moved to the farm, v?here he lived until 1880, when 
 he purchased the store of Samuel Etter, of FayettevUle. He keeps a general 
 store, and also handles the Walter A. Wood harvesting machine. Mr. Kauflf- 
 man married, March 26, 1874, Miss Elizabeth C. Brown, a daughter of Jere- 
 miah and Martha (Metz) Brown. Mr. and Mrs. Kauflfman are parents of four 
 children: Byers M., Laura B., Nora Emma and Mary Edith. Mrs. Kauffman 
 is a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. KaufPman is a Republican, and in 
 the spring of 1883 was elected justice of the peace. 
 
 CHRISTIAN LANDIS, Se., farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born Jan- 
 uary 25, 1816, in Dauphin County, Penn. , and is a grandson of Henry Landis, 
 who was of Swiss descent, and many of whose descendants live in Lancaster 
 and other counties in Pennsylvania. John Landis, Henry's son, lived and 
 died in Dauphin County, eleven miles below Harrisburg. He married Elizabeth, 
 a daughter of Jacob Root, a Mennonite minister and a native of Switzerland. 
 She died there at the age of seventy years, the mother of three sons and two 
 daughters: John, Elizabeth, Nancy, Christian and Moses. She had been pre- 
 viously married to John Nisley, the father of Martin and Jacob Nisley. Chris- 
 tian Landis was educated in his native county, and came here when twenty- 
 seven years old. He married in December, 1845, Susannah Lehman, who died 
 the mother of four sons: John L., Daniel L., David D. and Christian L. Mr. 
 Landis next married Barbara Lehman, a sister of his first wife, and a daughter 
 of Daniel Lehman, a Mennonite preacher. Mr. Landis first bought 117 acres 
 of land, to which he added from time to time, but which has been divided, and 
 he now has about 230 acres. Christian L., our subject's son, was born April 
 29, 1859; was reared and educated here, and farms the homestead. He mar- 
 ried November 7, 1883, Miss Anna, daughter of Jacob Martin, and they have, 
 one chUd, Adam Landis. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN L. LANDIS, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born December 9', 
 1846, in Greene Township, this county, son of Christian Landis, a na- 
 tive of Dauphin County, Penn. He was educated in this county, and here mar- 
 ried Miss Catherine Lehman, a daughter of Daniel Lehman, and to them were 
 bom the following named children: Anna, Lizzie, Amos, Daniel, Katie, Jacob, 
 Amanda, Rhoda, Harvey and Samuel. Mr. and Mrs. Landis are members of 
 the Mennonite Church. He owns over ninety-one acres of land in Greene 
 Township. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 DAVID D. LANDIS was born January 27, 1855, on the Landis home- 
 stead, where his father. Christian Landis, settled when a young man. He was 
 educated in his native county, and has devoted himself to farming pursuits all 
 his life. He married, November 18, 1875, Miss Martha, daughter of Abra- 
 ham Lehman, and has three children: Abraham L., Rannie L. and Benjamin 
 L. Mr. Landis is identified with the Republican party, to the principles of 
 which he strictly adheres. 
 
 REV. SAMUEL t). LEHMAN, Chambersburg, was born March 27, 1831, 
 on the old Lehman homestead, in Greene Township, this county, where his 
 father, Peter, settled after his marriage, and died August 31, 1875, aged sev- 
 enty-six years. Peter was born on the old homestead of his grandfather^ 
 Daniel Lehman (who came to this county about ninety years ago), and which 
 is now the property of Christian Landis. Daniel was a son of Peter, a native 
 of Lancaster County, near Manheim, Penn. , where the great great-grand- 
 father settled oil his arrival from Switzerland. The family as far back as cam 
 be traced were members of the Kennonite Church. Daniel Lehman married 
 
782 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Nancy Hoover, who died at the age of eighty-seven years. She had nine chil- 
 dren who reached maturity: Samuel, John, Daniel, Jacob, David, Nancy, 
 Elizabeth, Barbara and Susannah. Daniel (the grandfather) died in March, 
 1847, aged seventy years. He was a minister for many years in his chosen 
 church, and always had an influence for good in the commimity in which he 
 lived. He was an invalid the last ten years of his life, having been injured by 
 a horse. His son, Peter, married Susan, daughter of Jacob Detwiler. She 
 ■died at the age of fifty -three years, the mothSr of seven children: Nancy, 
 Martha, Samuel D., Barbara, Daniel, John and Susannah. Samuel D., our 
 subject, was educated in the schools of his neighborhood. He married Miss 
 Elizab"6th, daughter of John Hunsecker, and they have three children: Lydia, 
 wife of Michael Hurst (she has one son, Samuel Hurst); Peter and Elizabeth. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Lehman are active members of the Mennonite Church. He 
 was ordained a minister of the gospel May 31, 1885, and follows in his grand- 
 sire' s footsteps in the good work. 
 
 DANIEL D. LEHMAN (deceased) was born July 21, 1835, in Greene 
 Township, this county, a son of Peter Lehman. He was a farmer in early life 
 and died on the old homestead, January 22, 1883, where he was also born. 
 He owned 113 acres of land on which his widow still resides. December 11, 
 1866, he marrie.d Miss Catharine Bomberger, who was born September 2, 
 1838, near Shippensbnrg, Cumberland Co., Penn., a daughter of Joseph 
 and Sarah (Erb) Bomberger, of German descent. Mrs. Lehman bore her hus- 
 band three children: Joseph E., Anna and Henry B. Daniel Lehman was 
 identified with the Mennonite Church all his life. He did his duty everywhere 
 and was well known and respected by all who came in contact with him. 
 
 SAMUEL LESHEE, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born April 17, 
 1824, near the old Lesher homestead in Guilford Township, this county. His 
 great-grandfather, Sebastian Lesher, came from Switzerland, and settled in 
 Lancaster County, Penn. There his son, John, was born and reared a family 
 of three boys — Joseph, -John and Michael — and with them and his wife, Eliz- 
 abeth (Bosler), he came to this county, and bought land near Greeneastle in 
 Antrim Township. His son, Joseph, lived there some years and then moved 
 to Guilford Township, where his father had divided his farm between Joseph 
 •and Michael. Joseph married Fannie Lehman, who died at the Waynesboro 
 road in 1827, aged forty-five years. She was the mother of six sons who reached 
 maturity: John, Daniel, David, Benjamin, Joseph and Samuel. Joseph 
 married, for his second wife, Mrs. Mary Miller, nee Smith, a daughter of Dan- 
 iel Smith, and to them two children were born : Anna and Abraham. The 
 latter bought the old homestead near the Taylor works and still resides there. 
 John, the grandfather, died on the homestead about 1839, when nearly eighty 
 years of age. He had a farm of over 260 acres and was a prosperous man. 
 Our subject was educated in this county, and has followed farming all his life, 
 now owning two farms, one containing eighty-six acres, and the other 105; 
 also has a tract of twenty-five acres. He married Barbara, a daughter of Peter 
 Jjehman, and five children have been born to them: Daniel L., Samuel L., 
 Elizabeth L., Peter L. and Mary L. Mr. and Mrs. Lesher are active mem- 
 bers of the Mennonite Church; politically he is a Eepublican. 
 
 JOHN L. LESHER, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born October 17, 
 1841, on the Lesher homestead, in Greene Township, this county. About six 
 generations ago his forefathers came to America from Switzerland, and settled 
 in Lancaster County, Penn. In 1804 the great-grandfather, John Lesher, came 
 to this county, where he farmed and died. His son Joseph was born in Lan- 
 caster County and came to Franklin about 1804, before his marriage, and died 
 
GKEENE TOWNSHIP. 783 
 
 tere at the age of sixty-three years. His wife was Fannie Lehman, daughter 
 of Daniel Lehman (her grandfather came from Switzerland in 1728), they had 
 six children: John, Benjamin, Daniel, Joseph, Samuel and David, all of whom 
 reared families, except the last, who was accidentally killed by falling from a 
 barn. Joseph Lesher married for his second wife, Mrs. Mary Miller, who was 
 the mother of two children: Abraham and Anna. Joseph as well as his ances- 
 tors was a member of the old Mennonite Church. Of his children, Benjamin, 
 a minister of the church, resides one mile from Williamson, Franklin County; 
 ■another son, John L. , was born in Antrim Township, and farmed there ; later 
 he moved to Greene Township, where he died aged sixty-three years. His wife 
 was Catherine, daughter of John Lehman; she died at the age of sixty- nine 
 years, the mother of two children: John L. (our subject), and Mrs. Catherine 
 Parret. John L. was educated in the schools of his native county; in early 
 life he farmed, and about 1876 commenced milling, which he still follows, op- 
 erating the Bed Bridge mill. He married, February 11, 1883, Miss Anna F. 
 Peckman, of St. Thomas Township, this county. Mr. Lesher has a farm of 
 142 acres, which is supposed to be the oldest in the county, having been bought 
 by his grandfather from one Ferguson, a Scotch-Irishman, and to which the 
 subject's father came in 1836. Mr. Lesher is a Eepublican. 
 
 JACOB LIGHTFOOT, retired, Fayetteville, was born April 23, 1812, in 
 Franklin Township, Adams Co. , Penn. , where he lived until he was twelve 
 years old. He then came with his father, William Lightfoot, a blacksmith, to 
 Greene Township. The latter was born in York, but died near Mercersburg, 
 this county, aged seventy-two years; he was a son of Daniel Lightfoot, a na- 
 tive of Germany. William Lightfoot married Esther Smith, who died in 
 Greenwood, this county, aged fifty-two years, the mother of the following 
 named c^.ldren: Solomon, William, Euth, Jacob, Sarah, Eachel, Levi, Cath- 
 erine and Margaret. Our subject, who was educated in this county, was a shoe- 
 maker for twelve years; followed blacksmithing for forty years, and also 
 farmed, but is now living a retired life. He married Elizabeth Peters, who 
 died April 8, 1886, aged sixty-nine years and nine months, the mother of four 
 children: S. Jane, who died at the age of nineteen; William; Eosannah, wife of 
 Jeremiah Harmon, and Elizabeth, wife of J. Brown. Mr. Lightfoot has been 
 an active member of the Church of God for forty years, and has been an 
 elder for many years. Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 DANIEL G. LOWEY, merchant, Fayetteville, was born September 15, 
 1853, on the old Lovrry homestead, in Quincy Township, this county. His 
 paternal grandfather immigrated from England, and settled first in York or 
 Lancaster County; afterward he came to Franklin County, where he was a 
 prosperous man and well known; he died at the age of seventy years. He 
 manied Miss HuUinger, who bore him the following named children: George, 
 Curtis, John, Jacob, Mrs. Wikert, Mrs. Lowers, Mrs. Dull, Mrs. Wingert, Mrs. 
 Keller and Mrs. Knepper; of these, George married Catharine Morter, who died 
 at the age of seventy -three years, the mother of eleven children, ten of whom 
 reached maturity: Elizabeth, John, Curtis, David, Catharine, Jacob, Tena, 
 Hannah, Judith and Daniel G. Our subject was reared in his native town- 
 ship, where he farmed until coming to Fayetteville; here he opened a store, 
 which he has since conducted; he also handles the McCormick reaper and 
 binder. He was married in Ohio, where he resided two years, to Miss Maggie, 
 daughter of William Eohan, and she has borne him three children : Nelsie, 
 Anna and Blanche. Politically Mr. Lowry is a Democrat. 
 
 DAVID MACLAY, M. D., Green Village, was born January 18, 1852, in 
 Greene Township, this county. His father, Charles Templeton Maclay, was a 
 
784 BIOQEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 natiTe of Lurgan Township, this county, and a son of David Maclay. Our 
 subject received his early education in the schools of his township, at tha 
 Chambersburg Academy, and also at the Tuscarora Academy. In 1871 he be- 
 gan reading medicine under the preceptorship of his father; later attended the 
 ■University of Pennsylvania, and graduated from that institution in the spring 
 of 1875. He located in Green Village, where he has since practiced his pro- 
 fession with success. February 14, 1878, he married Miss Mary, daughter of 
 Judge Joseph Pomeroy of Academia, Juniata Co., Penn., and whose family 
 originally belonged to Lurgan Township, this county. To Dr. and Mrs. Ma- 
 clay two children have been bom: Charles T. and Joseph P. The parents are 
 members of Falling Spring Presbyterian Church. The Doctor is a member of 
 Franklin County Medical Society. 
 
 JOHN W. MAHON, blacksmith. Green Village, was born April 2, 1843, 
 in this village. His great-grandfather, Kobert Mahon, came from the North of 
 Ireland. He was of Scotch descent and a member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 He settled in Southampton Township, Franklin County, where he became an 
 extensive farmer. He married a Miss Mahon, and reared one cbUd, Robert, 
 Jr. He and wife lived to be very old and were buried in the Presbyterian 
 cemetery at Shippensburg. Their son, Robert, was also a farmer, and died on 
 the old homestead of 400 acres; also a Presbyterian, and was twice married. 
 His first wife was a Miss Leeper, who died young, the mother of two children, 
 Robert and Mrs. Elizabeth Potts. His second wife was Sarah Stumbach, who 
 is yet living, aged ninety years, and is the mother of David, John, Henry, 
 Samuel and Archibald. Of these Robert was a blacksmith. He lived a short 
 time in Green Village; in 1844 he came to Scotland, where he died July 14, 
 1881, aged sixty-two years. He married in Chambersburg Miss Jane, daughter 
 of WUliam and Catherine (McGuire) Wallace. William Wallace was of Scotch- 
 Irish descent, and died here. Mrs. Jane Mahon was bom July 30, 1809, in 
 Green Village. She is the mother of eight children: Harriet, wife of Dr. 
 Charles T. Maclay; Mrs. Margaret Rank; Nathaniel K., Thaddeus M., John 
 W., Mrs Mary S. Toust, Zacharias T. and Mrs. Cora Etter. Robert Mahon 
 was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church; was a Republican, and 
 served as justice of the peace for nearly thirty years. John W. , our subject, 
 was educated in the schools of Chambersburg and the institute at Selin's 
 Grove. At the age of twenty he learned the blacksmith' s trade. In the fall 
 of 1864 he enlisted in the Two Hundredth and Fifth Pennsylvania Volunteer 
 Infantry, Company G, having previously served three years in the militia. He- 
 served until the close of the war and participated in the battle at Fort Stead- 
 man and the series of battles of the siege of Petersburg, and a number of other 
 engagements. He was in the Third Division, Ninth Army Corps, served as 
 corporal but was never wounded. He has since followed his trade in Scotland, 
 doing the iron work for G. C. Markward, carriage manufacturer of that place,, 
 and usually employs two men. Mr. Mahon has been twice married; first to 
 Katie S., daughter of Jacob Heckman. She died leaving three children: 
 Masada Pearl, Lillian Romain, and Arthur Mahon. His second wife is Anna 
 Heckman, a sister of his first. They have two children: Ella and Katie. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Mahon are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church; his ancestors 
 were old seceders. 
 
 JACOB MARTIN, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born December 18, 
 1816, in Lancaster County, Penn. His great-grandfather came from Germany? 
 latter' s son, Abraham, lived and died in Lancaster County. Abraham's son,. 
 Jacob, was bom there and married Esther Newswanger. They moved to Cum- 
 berland County, Penn., where they both lived to a good old age and died, sha 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 785 
 
 aged over seventy- seven, and he over seventy-one years. They had eight chil- 
 dren: Mary, Esther, Emanuel and Anna (twins), Jacob, Catherine, Abraham and 
 Elizabeth. Of these Jacob was educated in Lancaster and Cumberland Coun- 
 ties, Penn. , in the German and English languages. He was reared on th& 
 farm, and has been a successful farmer all his life. He came to Greene 
 Township, in 1867, where he owns 152 acres of land. He resided in West Penns- 
 boro Township, Cumberland County, on a farm of 124 acres, for thirty-eight, 
 years. He married in that county Miss Lydia, daughter of Adam Staut, of 
 a respected family of that county. She died in Greene Township, July 12, 1880, 
 the mother of thirteen children: John, Jacob, Joseph, Abraham, Emanuel, 
 Adam, Isaac, George, Henry, Levi, Anna, Elizabeth and Sarah. Of these, 
 Anna is the wife of Christ Landis. Mr. Martin married for his second wife, 
 Mrs. C. Whistler, nee Maury. He is a Republican in politics. 
 
 DANIEL STEWART McGOWAN, M. D. (deceased), was born August. 
 25, 1808, near Carlisle, Penn. , a son of Daniel MoGowan, whose father, Dan- 
 iel, was of Scotch descent, and emigrated from the North of Ireland. Our sub- 
 ject was educated at Dickinson College, and then read rnedicine under Dr. 
 Gummings, of Fayetteville. Later he attended lectures at Baltimore, Md., and 
 graduated in the spring of 1832. He located at Everett, Bedford Co., Penn., 
 where he remained a short time; then came to Fayetteville, where he followed 
 his profession the rest of his life, and was one of the leading physicians of the- 
 county. He bought oat the practice of his preceptor, who had become a Presby- 
 terian minister. He died at forty-seven years of age. Dr. McGowan, although, 
 the superior of many with whom he came in contact, was of a very approach- 
 able manner. He was a Royal Arch Mason. May 6, 1832, he married Misa. 
 Anna, daughter of John Thomson, whose father settled in Scotland, thia 
 county, where Mr. Battin now resides. She was born on the homestead Octo- 
 ber 22, 1809, and died in Chambersburg, while on a visit to her son, February 
 27, 1877. She was the mother of seven children: Theodore, Thomson, Frank, 
 Stewart, Hannah T., Anna and Edith. Dr. McGowan was first an old line 
 Whig, but later a Republican. The Thomson family are all members of the- 
 Covenanter Church, of which Dr. McGowan' s eldest daughter is also a. 
 member. 
 
 EPHRAIM MINICK, farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born February 11, 
 1834, near Orrstown, Franklin Co., Penn. His grandfather, John Minick, 
 came from Germany and settled in York County, where he was a farmer, and 
 died at the home of his son Peter, in this county. Peter was bom in Cumber- 
 land County, and came to Franklin County when a young man. He resided in 
 Orrstown, where he was a tailor, a trade he followed all his life. He was a 
 consistent member of the Evangelical Church and, politically, first a Whig, 
 later a Republican. His first wife was Mary Ebersole, who died leaving four 
 children: John, Barbara, Mary and Samuel. His second wife was Juliana 
 Strous, who survives him, and is now eighty-five years old. She is the mother 
 of the following children: Jacob, Susannah, Elizabeth, Juliana, Ephraim and 
 Peter (twins), David and Adam. Peter, the father, died at the age of eighty- two 
 years. Ephraim, our subject, was educated in his native county. At the age 
 of sixteen he went to Shady Gap, Huntingdon Co., Penn., where he remained 
 until he was twenty-five years old, learning tanning with his half-brother, 
 John. He then went to Perryville, where he followed his trade, and in 1865 
 returned to this county, and now carries on his trade and farms near Fayette- 
 ville. He was married, in Huntingdon County, to Miss Margaret Peterson, 
 who is the mother of six children: John D. W., Hannah M., Peter Strous, 
 Jennie, William B. and Julia E Mr. and Mrs. Minick are members of the 
 
786 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church; politically Mr. Minick is identified with the 
 Bepublican party. 
 
 GEOEGE W. MOWER, coach-maker, Payetteville, was born December 
 27, 1844, in Fayetteville, Penn., a son of David Mower, a native of Cumber- 
 land County, Penn. The ancestors of the Mower family are supposed to have 
 been of German origin. David was a wheelwright and came when a young 
 man to Franklin County, where he learned the trade in Mowersville; he then 
 moved to Payetteville and worked in one place for fifty years. He was a good 
 mechanic, well known and esteemed. He died in February, 1883, aged seventy- 
 one years. He married Sarah, daughter of Tobias Bitter, and she is still 
 living at the age of seventy-one years. To Mr. and Mrs. David Mower were 
 born the following named children: Mary E., Barbara A., Samuel A., George 
 W. , Maria C. , William Henry (deceased), Sarah A. , John F. and Charlotte W. 
 George W., our subject, was reared and educated in Fayetteville; in early 
 life he learned his trade, principally wit j his father; also learned coach-making, 
 and has followed both trades all his life. He spent one year in Ohio; he mar- 
 ried Martha J. , daughter of Daniel Palmer of an old family of the county. 
 She js yet living, the mother of five children: Howard S., Wiley P., Leigh 
 B. , Beid and an infant girl. Mr. and Mrs. Mower are members of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church. In 1863 Mi-. Mower enlisted in the defense of his 
 country, in Company D, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served out 
 his term, six months. He then enlisted in 1864 in the Eighty-seventh Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteer Infantry, Company K, and served until the close of the war. 
 He participated in several engagements, among them the battle of Sailor's 
 Creek. He is a member of the G. A. B., Captain Stevens Post; in politics is 
 a Bepublican. 
 
 BEV. MAETIN H. OBEBHOLSEB, P. O. Green Village, was born 
 December 2, 1845, on the old homestead in Greene Township, this county. 
 His forefathers were Germans, his great great-grandfather having come to 
 America, settling in Pennsylvania. So far as known his grandfather. Chris- 
 tian Oberholser, a farmer, settled in Lebanon County, Penn., where he died, 
 the father of. five children: Jacob, Martin, Henry, Christian and John. Chris- 
 tian was born in Lebanon County, and came to Greene Township, this county, 
 after he was married, and bought a farm of 106 acres. He was a successful 
 farmer, and here became a member of the Biver Brethren Church. Later he 
 became a ministerrand served for over thirty years. He died August 13, 1872, 
 aged sixty-nine years. He was a faithful member, honored and esteemed far 
 and wide by all who knew him. He married Nancy Hoover, who also died 
 here, the mother of six children, three now living: Christian, Maria (wife of 
 S. Zook, now of Kansas) and Christian (wife of A. Wingert). Bev. Christian 
 Oberholser married, for his second wife, Fannie Heisey, who is yot living at 
 the age of eighty- two years. She is the mother of three children: Nancy (wife 
 Of H. Musser, of Lancaster County), Barbara (wife of Jacob S. Lehman), and 
 Martm H. Our subject was educated in the common schools of his native 
 county, and was reared on the farm. November 30, 1865, he married Miss 
 Bachel Wingert, a daughter of Rev. Aaron C. Wingert. She is the mother of 
 eight children, five of whom are living: Fannie, Lizzie, Anna, Aaron and Mar- 
 tin. Another child, John, who was the eldest of the children, when at the age 
 of sixteen, fell into a reaping machine, and had an arm cut off, expiring soon 
 i-t -it ^^® °* fourteen our subject embraced the principles of the Chris- 
 tian faith; then served as deacon four years; was elected minister, in which 
 capacity he served for eleven years. He has since devoted his time faithfully to 
 ine cnurch. He is not a politician, has never voted, but gives his whole labor 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 787 
 
 %o the church, and has been an elder or bishop in the church for six years, and 
 still holds that office. Mr. Oberholser has added to and improved the h'ome- 
 •stead from time to time, until at present it embraces 200 acres, a part of which 
 ■was once an Indian garden. Our subject's mother, Fannie Heisey, is a daugh- 
 ter of John and Annie (Engle) Heisey, also of German descent. 'Annie Engle 
 -was a daughter of John Engle, who emigrated from Germany, and was one of 
 those who settled on the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County, and was the 
 founder of the River Brethren Church, of which our subject is such a promi- 
 nent member. 
 
 REV. PHILIP H. PARRET, P. 0. Chambersburg, was born Aiigust 
 30, 1842, in Rockingham County, Va., and is of English descent. His grand- 
 father, Philip Parret, was a pioneer of that county, where he married, was a 
 farmer, and died. His son, Branson M. , was also born in that county, and 
 was a very prosperous farmer. His wife, Mary, was a daughter of Jacob Sho- 
 walter, of German descent. To them were born nine children: Mrs. Margaret 
 A. Hinton (of Sangamon County, 111. ), Philip H. , Jacob G. (in Illinois), Bar- 
 "bara C, Mrs. Nancy V. Young (of Darke County, Ohio), Uriah, Branson M., 
 Jairous S. and Mrs. Sophia E. Custer (of Rockingham County, Va.). Rev. 
 Philip H. was educated in his native State. In early life he commenced farm- 
 ing, which he followed until the outbreak of the civil war. He was then con- 
 scripted, but at the first opportunity came north, first to Washington County, 
 Md., in May, 1864, and in August, 1864, to this county, where he had friends. 
 Here he has identified himself with the county, and farmed ever since. Jan- 
 nary 18, 1866, he married Miss Katie, twin sister of John L. Lesher, and two 
 children have been born to them : John H. and Leannah L. Mr. Parret has 
 taken an active part in church matters, and May 18, 1873, was ordained a 
 minister of the Mennonite denomination. He is the owner of thirty-one acres 
 of land. 
 
 JOHN PLOUGH (deceased) was born in this county. Being deprived of 
 liis mother by death when but two days old, his mother' s parents took charge 
 of him for a number of years. He was a son of Jacob and Mary (Rife) Plough, 
 who had two children: Amanda, wife of Heilman Huber, and our subject. 
 Jacob's parents had a family of eight boys and three girls. When the Plough 
 mansion farm was sold, Jacob became the purchaser, after which his son 
 was again brought back to his father' s house. John Plough was educated in 
 this county, and became a very successful farmer. At the death of his father 
 he became proprietor of the home mansion farm, containing 156 acres. Soon 
 afterward he purchased the adjoining farm, containing 111 acres; he was a 
 thrifty and successful farmer. He was married at the residence of his father- 
 in-law. Rev. James M. Bishop, whose eldest daughter, Emma C. , became his 
 wife, February 13, 1868. Three sons blessed their union: Bishop Irvin, born 
 April 4, 1869; Merle D'Aubigne, born May 26, 1876; and John Ray, born March 
 14, 1884. Mr. Plough was a Republican though not a politician, and just 
 before his death he was elected assessor of the township. He was one of the 
 best of husbands and fathers, and his death, which occurred March 24, 1885, 
 was deeply regretted by all who knew him. He was a regular attendant of 
 Salem United Brethren Church, near his home. 
 
 ROBERT A. RENFREW (deceased) was born on the old homestead 
 near Payetteville, Greene Township, this county, where he died in 1874. His 
 great-grandfather, Samuel Renfrew, was a native of Glasgow, Scotland, came 
 Tiere and settled in this county on the place still owned by his descendants. 
 He was a farmer and also a miller. Our subject's father was a very wealthy- 
 man and owned several farms, w'th which he provided his children. Robert 
 
788 BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES: 
 
 A. married Hannah, a daughter of Samuel Thomson, and a descendant of 
 the old Scotch pioneer, Thomson. She died in 1871, the mother of a large 
 family, of whom five reached maturity: Mary E., David L., John A., Eobert 
 M. and Sarah E. John A. married Clara B. Thomson, also a descendant of 
 the pioneer, and his children are Augusta, David L. (married to Ida A. 
 Breckenridge, and has five children: Clarence H., Emma V., Flora, Jessie and 
 Edna), Robert M. was educated in the schools of his native county, and in 
 early life began milling, which he has since followed, and with his sister 
 owns the Greenwood or Renfrew mill on the old homestead; married Laura M. 
 Newman. His parents were active members of the Covenanter Church, of 
 which he is an oflBcial member. He is identified with the Republican party. 
 The Renfrew mill is a saw and grist-mill, runs four stone, two buhrs and two 
 hoppers; capacity 250 bushels, and supplies the market and also provides for 
 home consumption. The brand is " Greenwood Mills." 
 
 LEWIS M. EINEHART, merchant, P. O. Green Village, was born No- 
 vember 27, 1864, in Chambersburg, Penn., a son of Lewis M. Rinehart, a 
 native of this county, and who married, in Chambersburg, Miss Hannah 
 Ensminger, who is yet living in Green Village. In August, 1861, when tha- 
 nine months men. were called for, Lewis M. Rinehart, the father of our sub- 
 ject, enlisted in Company. G, captain, George G. Miles, One Hundred and Twen- 
 ty-sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volimteer Infantry; colonel, James G. Elder. 
 He served out his term, and participated in the battles of Fredericksburg and 
 Antietam, and the skirmish at Shepperdstown, Md. He next enlisted in the 
 One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment, Company C, Pennsylvania Heavy Artil- 
 lery, and was located at Fort Ethan Allen and Fort Martha. It was a pro- 
 visional regiment, and was really known as the Second Provisional Heavy Artil- 
 lery. He was promoted to sergeant, and took part in the battle of the Wilder- 
 ness and other engagements. At the blowing up of Fort Hell, where his. 
 regiment lost 600 killed, wounded and missing, he was taken prisoner and 
 conveyed to Andersonville; later he was transferred to Libby, where he died, 
 in the early part of November, 1864. 
 
 SAMUEL NORTON ROBERTSON, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born. 
 March 17, 1853, in Juniata County, Penn. The family are of Scotch origin. 
 The grandfather, Wm. Robertson, was born in New York, and settled in Bums" 
 Valley, Franklin County, where he died. He was a weaver; also owned a. 
 farm. He married a Mrs. Hamilton, and became the father of ten children. 
 Of these, John Robertson moved to Juniata County, where he farmed two- 
 years, and then bought a farm near Concord, Franklin County, where he re- 
 sided twenty-seven years, and died March 22, 1886, aged seventy years. He- 
 was a member of the United Presbyterian Church, with which he united when 
 a boy, and politically was a Democrat. He married Eliza Montgomery, of 
 Doylesburg, Franklin County, a daughter of John Montgomery. She is yet 
 l^T^^'j t"^^*^®^ of the following children: Mrs. Catherine Anderson, of 
 Uarmda, Iowa; John W., of Lawrence, Kas. ; Mrs. Anna M. McDonald, of 
 Greencastle Franklin County; William H., of Shippensburg; Samuel N.; 
 Mary E. and James C, near Concord; and Ed. M., of Lawrence, Kas. Samuel 
 r^., our subject, was educated at the schools of Concord, McCoysville, Juniata. 
 County, and at Shippensburg Normal School. In early life he worked on the 
 larm, and then went to Lawrence, Kas., and engaged in the furniture business, 
 un ms return to Pennsylvania he spent seven successive winters in teaching at, 
 aZ^^t TO "^ Y^' ^f"7- ^« ^^' °^^^"«d' December 29, 1879, to Miss. 
 ^^l Fh'""' ^1^'^ 1^1"^' Huntingdon County, a daughter of Alexander 
 Blair. After marriage he bought a farm of 112 acres in Greene Township,. 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 789 
 
 ^here he now resides. Ho and his wife are the parents of four children: 
 Mary E., John B., Bruce A. and Ralph M. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson are 
 members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically he is identified with the 
 Democratic party. 
 
 JACOB A. ROHRER, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born April 3, 
 1850, in Greene Township, this county, on the old homestead. His father, 
 John, was born near Pleasant Hall, Letterkenny Township, this county, in 
 1803, and died here June 11, 1874. He was a son of Jacob Rohrer, who 
 «ame from Lancaster County. The family is of German descent, the old 
 stock having come from Germany in 1749. John, who was a farmer all his 
 life, except thirteen years, in which he followed the carpenter trade, married, 
 in December, 1844, Catherine, daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth Boyer. She 
 was bom July 30, 1813, in Cumberland County, Penn., and came to this coun- 
 ty when she was ten years old. To her and her husband were born two children: 
 Elizabeth A. , wife of A. W. Hoover and our subject. Mrs. Roher is still liv- 
 ing and resides with her children alternately, having furnished rooms at either 
 place. John Rohrer was a man of quiet manners, but firm in purpose. Our 
 subject was married, January 20, 1880, to Miss Mary A., daughter of Henry 
 H. Rife, an old settler. They have had one child, Sarepta, born December 1, 
 1885, died September 15, 1886. Politically Mr. Rohrer is identified with the 
 Republican party, as was also his father. 
 
 SAMUEL S. ROTH, miller, P. O. Fayetteville, was born September 21, 
 1858, in Butler Township, near Arendtsville, Adams Co., Penn., on the 
 old family homestead. His great-grandfather, with his son, Jonas Roth, 
 came from Hanover, Germany, and settled in Adams County, Penn. , where 
 they farmed and milled, but made their first settlement in York County. Jonas 
 married Barbara KaufFman, and both died on the homestead, the parents of 
 nine childrto. Their son Henry married Sarah, a daughter of Jacob Shank, 
 and had a family of six children : Samuel S. (subject), Gilmore G. , Harry M. , 
 Theresa F. , Mary A. and Sarah A (twins). The father is still living on his 
 farm in Adams County. Our subject was educated in his native county, 
 where he also learned the miller's trade. He then traveled for six years in 
 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, 
 Colorado, New Mexico, Missouri, and over his native State and Maryland. In 
 December, 1885, he returned home, and in April, 1886, he took charge of the 
 Fayetteville Mills, owned by his father, who bought the estate of John 
 Weaver. Politically, Mr. Roth is a Republican. The Fayette Mills have five 
 buhrs and a capacity of fifty barrels per day. They have been refitted, and 
 many improvements introduced in the way of bolting and manufacturing 
 patent flour. The establishment gives good satisfaction under its present 
 enterprising manager. 
 
 ABRAHAM SHERK, farmer, was bom in Greene Township, this county, 
 close to where he now resides. His ancestors came from Germany, and it is 
 supposed the great-great-grandfather settled in Lancastei: County, Penn. His 
 son, Joseph, came to this county after he was married and settled in Greene 
 Township, where his grandson, Jacob Sherk, yet resides. He bought over 
 300 acres of land from a man named Mitchell near Green Village. Joseph 
 farmed here and died at an advanced age. He was married in Lancaster 
 County and reared twelve children; most of his descendants are in the West. 
 Of his sons, Abraham settled on the old homestead and married Miss Christine 
 Bowman, a daughter of an old pioneer family. He was seventy-nine years 
 old when he died, and was an extensive farmer. His wif« was about eighty- 
 two years old. They reared sevei children, of whom Jacob was born here and 
 
790 BIOGRArHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 farmed on his father' s place, a part of which is now owned by John Sherk. 
 Jacob married Nancy Garver, who died here at the age of eighty years, the- 
 mother of four children: John, Abraham (oui" subject), Annie (wife of William 
 Zimmerman), and Benjamin in Illinois. Jacob filled many township offices, 
 among which were those of assessor and supervisor. Our subject was educated 
 in this county and reared to farming which he has since followed. He also 
 spent several years in Carroll County, Md., engaged in agricultural pursuits; 
 also engaged in the lumber business for a short time. He married in October, 
 1852, Miss Elizabeth Lawton, and four children have been born to this union: 
 Robert, Minnie, Benjamin and Jacob. Mj-. and Mrs. Sherk are members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is identified with the Repub- 
 lican party. 
 
 SOLOMON SHIVELY, farmer, P. O. Green Village, was born April 16,. 
 1810, on the old homestead in Greene Township, this county. The family- 
 traces its ancestry to French Huguenots who left their native country for Swit- 
 zerland, from which place the great-grandfather jf our subject emigrated to 
 America. He was married and had a son born on the ocean, Jacob, the grand- 
 father of our subject. The great-grandfather settled in Lancaster County, 
 Penn. , where he died at a good old age. He had another son, Henry, whose 
 descendants are still living in Lancaster County. Jacob was a carpenter and 
 farmer, and lived many years near Shippensburg, where he owned a farm; 
 later he moved to near the residence Df his son, John, where he built a house, 
 and where he and his wife died. They had the following children: Sam- 
 uel, John, Jacob, Henry, Daniel, Barbara, Nancy, Elizabeth and another 
 daughter, name unknown. Of these, John, a farmer, was born in Lancaster 
 County. He married Hannah, daughter of Henry Rhodes. She died at about 
 sixty years of age, the mother of six children: Nancy (deceased), Solomon, 
 Eliza, John, Daniel, and Rebecca (deceased). John Shively, Sr.,'came ta 
 Franklin County about 1806, where his father bought about 250 acres of land, 
 of which our subject, Solomon, has 120 acres. John Shively, Sr. . was a man 
 who took a deep interest in political matters and was a strong Democrat. He. 
 and his wife were members of the United Brethren Church, and'' he held several 
 township ofiices. Solomon was educated in this township, and for the last five, 
 years has lived in Green Village. He has been twice married; first to Rebecca, 
 daughter of John Embick. She died in December, 1879, aged sixty five- 
 years. She bore her husband twelve children, seven of whom are living: John 
 Hannah, Sarah, Harriet James, Jacob and Frank. Of these James is reading- 
 medicine with Dr. Maclay, of Green Village. Our subject married for his 
 second wife, Mrs. Catharine Gontz, nee Embick, a sister of his first wife. Mr. 
 Shively is a member of the United Brethren Church, of which he is trustee^ 
 and politically he is identified with the Democratic party. Mrs. Shively is a 
 member of the Lutheran Church. Our subject's brother, John, read medicine 
 with Dr. Richards and attended one course of lectures, but his health failed 
 and he died in the Isle of St. Croix, West Indies. 
 
 JACOB SHIVELY, retired farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born in Gree-be 
 Township, this county, on the old family homestead. His great-grandfather- 
 came from Switzerland about 1750, and died in Philadelphia, on his arrival in 
 this country; he had three sons: John, who never married; Henry, who mar- 
 ried and has wealthy descendants living near Lancaster City; Jacob,' who came 
 to Franklin County, in 1805, and bought 260 acres from David Eby, who had 
 a distillery on the place. Jacob married, in Lancaster County, Barbara Linder, 
 of Swiss descent, and who died aged sixty-eight; he died at the age of seventy'- 
 three. They had eight children who reached maturity: John, Jacob, Henry, 
 
GBEENE TOWNSHIP. 791 
 
 Daniel, Elizabeth, Nancy, Barbara and Samuel; of these Jacob married, here, 
 Maria Rhode, of German descent, who died at the age of forty-three years, 
 the mother of five children, who came to maturity. Jacob Jr. , married for 
 his second wife, Catherine Crider, and died at the age of eighty-eight years. 
 He was a farmer and owned half of the homestead, the other half being the 
 property of his brother John. He was a Democrat, served as supervisor of 
 Greene Township; was a member of the United Brethren Church, and made 
 his house a stopping place for ministers of that denomination. Of his chil- 
 dren, Jacob, our subject, continues to reside on the old homestead. 
 
 JOHN E. SHIVELY, farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born March 31, 
 1843, in Greene Township, this county. His forefathers came from Germany 
 and settled in Lancaster County, Penn. , whence his grandfather, John, came 
 to this county. Our subject's father, Solomon, now lives in Green Village, 
 having moved there about four or five years ago, prior to which time he lived 
 on his farm, two and one-half miles northwest of Fayetteville. John E. 
 Shively educated in the common schools of this county, and early in life took 
 up farming, which he still follows, owning a farm of 149 acres, near Fayette- 
 ville, on which he resides. He married Susan, daughter of John Lehman, and 
 to their union were born nine children: Fannie M., Abbie E., JohnL., Re- 
 becca A., Benjamin F., William B., Harry Wallace, Naoma Gertrude and Sol- 
 omon Howard, the latter born November 1, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Shively are 
 members of the United Brethren Church. Politically he is identified with the 
 Democratic party. He is a successful and representative citizen. 
 
 DAVID SHOVER, farmer, P. O. Scotland, was born August 16, 1811, in 
 Bloomfield, Perry Co. , Penn. His ancestors came from Germany and settled 
 in Lancaster County, where his grandfather, Sebastian John Shover, a black- 
 smith, was born; the latter settled in Perry County, where the county seat now 
 is . He was an industrious man ; he married twice, and his first wife bore him 
 two children: Jacob and Catherine. His second marriage was with a Miss 
 Zimmerman, who bore him the following named children: John, Andrew (a, 
 miller by trade), David, William, Samuel, Elizabeth, Susannah and Maria. 
 John Shover, Jr. , was born in Perry County, and died there aged twenty-four 
 years. He married, at the age of eighteen years, Miss Susan Barricks, who. 
 bore him three children : Jacob, Mary and David (our subject). She then mar- 
 ried Philip Hackman, to whom she bore two children; she died when nearly 
 ninety years of age. Our subject was reared in Perry County, and at the age 
 of eighteen, left his stepfather and worked for a farmer until he was twenty, 
 three years old; he then married Miss Elizabeth Lauderbaugh, who died Au- 
 gust 24, 1881, she bore her husband the following named children: John, Dan- 
 iel (in Illinois), Mrs. Eliza J. Ruth, B. Anna, Mary C. , Andrew, David, Will- 
 iam and Samuel. Our subject had about 1400 when he married, and his wife 
 who was industrious and frugal, had also saved some, and together they 
 accumulated a modest fortune. Mr. Shover cropped for fifteen years for half 
 the produce, and then bought 104 acres of land where he now resides, and haa 
 accumulated more and more, until to-day he has several farms, aggregating 
 about 500 acres, all in Greene Township. He is an active member of the 
 United Brethren Church, to which his wife also belonged ; she was a daughter 
 of Henry and Christine (Warner) Lauderbaugh. The Warners moved to Can- 
 ada and died there. Politically, Mr. Shover is a Democrat. 
 
 JOHN SHOVER, farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born July 5, 1835, in 
 Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, a son of David and Elizabeth Shover, 
 the former of whom is yet living a prosperous farmer, the owner of between 
 300 and 400 acres of land, and the father of nine children, now living (see 
 
792 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 sketch of Samuel Shover). Our subject was educated in this county, to 
 "which he was brought when but eighteen months old. He has followed farm- 
 ing, and now owns eighty acres of land. He married Miss Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Martin Wingert, of an old family of this county, and their children now 
 living are Amos H., Alice, wife of David Horst (they have three children: 
 Nancy E., Harvey and Martha), and Mary Ellen. Mr. and Mrs. Shover are 
 members of the United Brethren Church. Politically Mr. Shover is a Demo- 
 crat, but votes for the best man at all times. 
 
 SAMUEL SHOVER, farmer, P. O. 'Scotland, was bom April 1, 1853, in 
 this township, son of David and Elizabeth Shover, the latter of whom died 
 aged seventy-two. Their children are John, Daniel, Elizabeth, Ann, Andrew, 
 David, William, Mary and Samuel. The father came here a poor man, but by 
 persevering industry has become a well-to-do and prosperous farmer. He is 
 a member of the United Brethren Church, and politically is identified with the 
 Democratic party. Our subject from youth has been engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits in this county, and is now farming his father's place of 114 acres. He 
 was married, February 13, 1873, to Miss Nancy Heckman, a daughter of 
 Christian Heckman, an old resident of the county, and their children are Ida 
 M. , Harvey and Minerva. Mr. and Mrs. Shover are active members of the 
 United Brethren Church. Like his father, Mr. Shover is a Democrat. 
 
 W. A. SNYDER, farmer, P. O. Scotland, was born January 8, 1837, in 
 Hamilton Township, this county. His ancestors were natives of Germany. 
 His father, Charles, came to this county when a young man, and married Mar- 
 garet Anderson; he died in middle life, and his wife at the age of thirty- seven 
 years. They had three children: Mary J. , who died at the age of twelve years; 
 David F. , who died at the age of twenty- four in hospital at Bolivar, Tenn. , in 
 the service of his country, and William A. , our subject. He was educated in 
 Greene Township, which he made his home all his life. He was left an orphan 
 at the age of nine or ten years, and reared in the family of Daniel and Sarah 
 Fineirock, until he was seventeen. He then worked out in different parts of 
 the county, but mostly in this township. He worked nine years for Jacob Fry, 
 Bn old settler and a good man; two years for J. D. Lehman, and then went to 
 Warren County, HI. , where he worked twenty-one months, and then returned 
 to Pennsylvania, and worked two years for Chris Fry. December 3, 1867, he 
 married Miss Nancy, daughter of Samuel Lehman, an old settler. They 
 bave one son, Harvey L. Snyder. Mr. Snyder has followed farming all his 
 life, and owns fifty-five acres. He is a Republican. He and wife are members 
 of the Mennonite Church. 
 
 SAMUEL J. SPOONOUR, farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born December 
 14, 1845, in Greene Township, this county. His grandfather, John Spoonour, 
 came from Lancaster County, Penn., and settled in Greene Township, where 
 he died; his son, Samuel, -was born and died here, August 19, 1880, at the 
 age of fifty-six years, a member of the Lutheran Church; married Elizabeth 
 Shober, who died in this township, when young; a member of- .the Lutheran 
 Church. They had three children: George, Samuel Jefferson and Robert. Samuel 
 Spoonour married for his second wife Susan Warren, daughter of Isaac War- 
 ren, and the mother of three children: Richard, Isaac and Mrs. Isabel Black. 
 Samuel J., the subject proper of this sketch, married Ellen J., daughter of 
 George W. Henderson, and they have one child. May Spoonour. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Spoonour are members of the church. Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 ALEXANDER STEWART, merchant, Scotland, was bom September 18, 
 1843, m Shippensburg, Cumberland Co., Penn., and is the fourth son of Dr. 
 Alexander Stewart of that place. He was educated at Shippensburg, and at 
 
GREENE TOWNSHIP. 793 
 
 the age of eighteen years he entered the army, enlisting in Company D, of 
 the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, at the 
 expiration of his term of service he re-enlisted in Company K, of the Two Hun- 
 dred and First Regiment, and became first lieutenant of his company. He 
 participated in the engagements of Antietam, Fredericksburg and others. Af- 
 ter the war he removed to Colorado, where he remained three years, engaged 
 in active business in the transportation of freight over what were then the plains. 
 He then returned to Shippensburg and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 
 1874 he moved to Scotland, where he continued to reside. His attention is 
 largely given to agricultural pursuits, but with these he conducts a large busi- 
 ness in the purchase and sale of grain. He was married in Shippensburg, 
 Penn. , to Miss Nannie E. , daughter of Dr. Robert Hayes of that place. 
 
 JOHN PRICE WALLACE (deceased) was a native of Lancaster County. 
 He died November 20, 1881, on the old Immell homestead, to which he had 
 removed after the death of his father-in-law. He was a son of John Wallace, 
 a well known and respected citizen of Lancaster County, Penn. , where the 
 "Wallace family occupied a prominent place in the community. Our subject 
 was educated in his native county, and early in life engaged in mercantile 
 business in Lancaster County, making a specialty of dry goods. In 1837 he 
 and his brother-in-law, Nathaniel Kinzer, came to this county, and opened a 
 general store in Green Village, which they operated for many years, but dis- 
 solved partnership some years before the war. Mr. Wallace continued a suc- 
 sessfnl merchant until within a few years prior to his death, when he turned 
 the business over to his nephew, Thomas Wallace. He was postmaster for 
 many years, and held the office at the time of his death. May 25, 1840, he 
 married Miss Caroline S. Immell, who was born August 16, 1818, in this town- 
 ship, on the old Immell farm, a daughter of Jacob and Susan (Barnitz) Immell 
 (see sketch of John W. Immell). Mr. Wallace was a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church, in the faith of which he died. Politically he was a Republican, 
 and was highly honcrred and respected in the community. His widow is a 
 member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 HON. J. BURNS WHITE, manufacturer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born 
 January 31, 1841, in Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn. His 
 forefathers were Scotch and settled in the North of Ireland, whence the 
 progenitor of the White family in America came, and settled in Cumberland 
 CJounty, Penn. The great-grandfather, John White, moved to Culbertson's 
 Bow, Greene Township, Franklin County, and there fanned and died. He 
 reared a large family. Of these John White farmed and died there. He mar- 
 ried a Miss Pomeroy, who bore him four sons and two daughters: John. Eben- 
 ezer, Thomas, Samuel, Elizabeth and Mary. John went to Hlinois ; Ebenezer 
 to Ohio; Thomas to Baltimore, Md., where he was an architect; Eliza- 
 beth married John Gillen; Mary married Harvey Allen; Samuel married Nancy 
 Bums, of Waynesboro, a daughter of Jeremy Burns. She was born in 1811 
 and is yet living, the mother of three children: J. Burns White, Emma S. find 
 Nannie, wife of Hiram George of Fayetteville. Samuel White died in 1871, 
 aged sixty- three years. He was a manufacturer of woolen goods; first learned 
 the business at Quincy and Waynesboro, and in 1849 came to the Franklin wollen 
 mill near Fayetteville (then owned by the Bigham family), which he bought 
 in 1855, and which was his property until his death. He was first associated 
 with Robert Black but in 1860 he bought out Mr. Black's interest. J. Burns 
 White was educated in the public schools, Fayetteville Academy and in West- 
 minster College. During the civil war he volunteered and enlisted in Com- 
 pany D, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, and at the expiration of his term 
 
794 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of service he attended college. In the spring of 1865, in response to a call of 
 the National Government, the majority of the employes in his father's mill en- 
 listed, upon which he left school, came home and assumed control, which he- 
 has retained ever since. Mr. White married, February 22, 1871, Miss Lizzie 
 Byers, a daughter of Frederick Byers of Chambersburg. They have two chil- 
 dren, Jennie L. and Samuel E. Mr White is a member of the G. A. R. ; politi- 
 cally he is a Republican, and in the fall of 1884 was elected a member of the 
 Legislature, a position he has since filled with ability. He takes an interest in. 
 school matters and served as school director for nine years. 
 
 JEREMIAH S. YAUKEY, merchant, Fayetteville, was bom October 4, 
 1849, in the Dutch settlement in Guilford Township, this county. His grand- 
 father, a farmer, settled in this county and died in Ohio; his son, Daniel, waa 
 a native of this county, and died here May 19, 1886, aged seventy-six years, 
 eleven months and ten days. He was a successful farmer, but for the last 
 five years of his life was blind. He quit fanning some twenty years ago, and 
 lived in Fayetteville, one mile from this, where he died at the residence of his. 
 son Daniel. He married, March 6, 1834, Mary, daughter of Bamhart Sowers; 
 she died on the home farm in August, 1863, the mother of five children who- 
 reached maturity: Daniel, Hezekiah, Jeremiah S., Hiram (deceased) and Mrs. 
 Amanda Miller (deceased). Our subject was educated partly in this county 
 and at the normal school in Strasburg, this county, and Lebanon Valley Col- 
 lege, Penn. He was reared on the farm and in early life taught school and 
 music. He engaged in the coal business with his brother Daniel at Fayette- 
 ville Station, on the Mt. Alto Railroad, the same fall after the road was com- 
 pleted. After one year's absence from the coal business he again engaged in 
 it, having in the meantime been engaged in the machine business. In 1876 he 
 built a warehouse, which he enlarged in 1885, the present capacity being over 
 25,000 bushels. He has an ice trade in Chambersburg. The ice is cut at Cold 
 Spring at the foot of the mountain, and is considered of the purest quality. 
 He also engaged in packing and baling hay and straw, and in shipping. He 
 is interested in the lumber trade, hardwood lumber, and at his warehouse; 
 sells lumber, machinery, fertilizers and salt. Last spring he bought a machine 
 shop and saw-mill in Fayetteville, Penn. He is a thorough business man in 
 every respect; is a member of the United Brethi-en in Christ Church; in polit- 
 ical matters was formerly a Republican but is now an American. 
 
 JOHN G. YOUST, merchant, Scotland, was born in that place January 
 20, 1832. His grandfather, Jacob Youst, came from Germany when a young- 
 man, settled in Greene Township, this coimty, where he farmed, and died on 
 the old homestead, aged about forty years. He married a Miss Mary Hile, 
 who died about the age of sixty-five years, the mother of three children: Will- 
 iam, John and Mrs. Nancy Mahon. John went to Illinois, where he farmed 
 and died. William was reared and educated here. He and his wife are mem- 
 bers of the German Reformed Church, of which he was deacon for many years. 
 He farmed near Scotland, and in 1872 went to Fayetteville, where he now leads 
 a retu-ed life. His children who reached maturity are as follows : John G. , Jacob 
 (deceased, formerly a druggist of Fayetteville), Mrs. Mary Besore, Mrs. Wil- 
 helmma Claudy, Mrs. Jennie Koser, Mis. Alice WUders and David Youst, an 
 officer m the United States Army at Plattsburg, N. Y. John G. was educated 
 here, and taught school for twenty-seven years. He taught school at the age 
 of sixteen years, and was one of the ablest teachers in the county, only teach- 
 ing m three places during all that time. He bought a farm near Scotland, 
 forJ^^ te subsequently sold, and then engaged in the mercantile business, in ' 
 1873. He bought out Mr. F. Besore, of the firm of Besore & Sleighter, Lnd 
 
GUILFOED TOWNSHIP. 795 
 
 has continued business since, keeping a general stock and meeting with suc- 
 cess. August 3, 1857, he married Miss Mary E., daughter of John Furry, an 
 old resident of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Youst are members of the German 
 Reformed Church at Fayetteville, and the parents of one daughter, Ellie, wife 
 of Bennett Oyler. (Mr. and Mrs. Oyler have three children now living: Eobert 
 Ambrose, Bennett Harper and Mary Jennett). Mr. Youst is a Eepnblican. 
 He has filled the office of postmaster for twelve years, and is agent for the 
 Adams Express Company at this point. 
 
 JACOB ZOOK, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Lancaster 
 County, Penn., January 21, 1823. His great-great grandfather, Abraham 
 Zook, came from Germany and settled in Chester County, Penn., where 
 he farmed and died. His grandson, Abraham, was born in Chester, but when 
 a young man removed to Lancaster County, where he farmed and died. He- 
 married a Miss Kurtz, of German descent. They had ten childrefi: Joseph, 
 Abraham, John, Christian, Noah, David, Fannie, Elizabeth, Phcebe and Mary.. 
 Of these, Joseph came to this county in 1829, and settled in Greene Township, 
 where his son, our subject, resides. Joseph was a member of the River Breth- 
 ren denomination; he was a fuller in Lancaster County, but followed farming 
 here, and had a mill. His first wife was Anna Shock, who died at the age of 
 thirty-seven years, when our subject was two and a half years old. She was 
 the mother of six children: John, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Mary and Cath- 
 erine. His second wife was Catherine, daughter of Jacob Whisler. She died 
 in March, 1885, aged eighty-five years. The children of the last marriage who 
 reached maturity are as follows: Samuel, Noah, Sarah, Leah and Susannah. 
 Our subject was educated at the schools of his native county, and has been a 
 farmer and miller all his life. In January, 1849, he married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Martin Wingert. Mr. and Mrs. Zook are members of the River Breth- 
 ren denomination, of which he is a minister. He has been a member for 
 thirty-five years or more, and was ordained a minister in the spring of 1885. 
 He has been identified with the Republican party, but in all local matters he 
 votes for whom he considers the best man, regardless of the party. He has 
 filled the office of supervisor, and served as school director for six years. He 
 has a farm of 145 acres. 
 
 GUILFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JOHN BOWMAN, merchant, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., July 11, 1816, a son of John and Bar- 
 bara (Lehman) Bowman, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. 
 He is the youngest of six children ; was reared by his parents on the farm, and 
 educated at the district schools. In early life he learned the shoemaker' s. 
 trade, which he followed for half a century; later he retired to the farm, and 
 still owns a fine one, consisting of 140 acres, in Greene Township, this county. 
 When a young man Mr. Bowman was widely known as a teacher of vocal 
 music, and taught singing school several winters in this county. In 1864 he 
 removed from his farm to Stoufferstown, and has since been engaged in the mer- 
 cantile business. February 14, 1843, he married Elizabeth Nicklas, who was 
 born and reared in this township, daughter of Jacob and Maria (Burkholder'k 
 Nicklas, who were respectively of French and Swiss origin, and whose ai^ .6- 
 tors were among the early settl ^rs of Franklin County. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 
790 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Bowman were born eleven children, seven of whom are now living: Mary, wife 
 of John Weiger; Sarah; Susan, wife of B. O. Metz; Lydia Ann, wife of Rev. 
 S. E. Breidbaugh; John C, a minister of the Reformed Church; Ella and 
 Jacob Z. , a prominent physician in Somerset County, Penn. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Bowman are members of the Reformed Church, in which he has been an elder 
 and deacon for over forty years. The children are all members of the same 
 church. Mr. Bowman is a Republican in politics, never aspired to oflSce, but 
 served one term as steward of the almshouse of Franklin County, and declined 
 a re-election. He was elected county auditor for a term of three years. 
 
 JOHN H. BUSH, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Antrim Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co., Penn., June 30, 1835, and is the second son of Abraham 
 and Elizabeth (Stuff) Bush. Abraham Bush was born in Antrim Township in 
 1808, and was a son of Henry Bush, one of the pioneers of this county. 
 Abraham was a successful farmer, and reared to maturity a family of one 
 daughter and three sons, the sons all living. He was a life-long resident of 
 Antrim Township, and died in 1858. John H. Bush was educated in the 
 schools of Antrim Township, and brought up to the pursuits of the farm. At 
 the age of eighteen he commenced to learn the cooper's trade, which he fol- 
 lowed as a journeyman in Greencastle for some seven years. April 18, 1861, 
 he entered Company C, Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 
 and served out his term of enlistment ; then enlisted in Company B, One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and participated in 
 all the battles of the regiment; re-enlisted as a veteran in Company D, Two 
 Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and soon after was made 
 chief musician of the regiment; served until the close of the war; was present 
 at the surrender of Gen. Lee, and was mustered out with his regiment at Har- 
 risburg in the summer of 1865. He returned to civil life, and October 30, 
 1866, married Mary E., daughter of David Keller, a former well known resi- 
 dent of Guilford Township, this county. After marriage Mr. Bush resided for 
 one year in Antrim Township engaged at his trade, and in 1868 came to Guil- 
 ford Township and located on the David Keller farm, where he has since con- 
 ducted a fine place. Mr. and Mrs. Bush are the parents of two daughters, 
 Jennie E. , now the vsdfe of William O. Bixler, and Emma V. , a school teacher. 
 Mr. Bush served as tax collector in 1878, 1879, and 1880. He and his wife are 
 members of the United Brethren Church. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 GEORGE S. COOVER, blacksmith, New Franklin, was born in Greene 
 Tovmship, Franklin Co., Penn., January 21, 1844, and is the only child of 
 Jeremiah and Elizabeth (Shearer) Coover. Jeremiah Coover was bom in Let- 
 terkenny Township, this county, December 24, 1815. His father, George, was 
 an early settler of Letterkenny Township, where he spent his days engaged in 
 farming. Jeremiah was educated at such schools as the neighborhood afforded, 
 and later learned the trade of blacksmithing. In 1848 he came to New Frank- 
 lin, and engaged at his trade in the same shop, where his son still conducts the 
 busmess, until 1876, when he retired. He is still vigorous -ia mind and body. 
 Our subject was educated in the schools of Guilford Township, and when eight- 
 een years old commenced working with his father at the blacksmithing bus- 
 iness. In 1865 he enlisted in Company L, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teer Infantry, and served until the close of the war; was mustered out at 
 Lynchburg, and discharged at Harrisburg, Penn., in July, 1865. On his 
 return to civil life he resumed his former occupation with his father until 1876 
 since which time he has successfully conducted the business alone. Mr 
 Coover mamed Mary C, daughter of Michael E. Harchelroad, a former resident 
 of Guilford Township. Mr. and Mrs. Coover are the parents of seven chil- 
 
GUILFOKD TOWNSHIP. 797 
 
 dren, three daughters and three sons living. Mr. Coover is a member of the 
 G. A. E., Housum Post, No. 309. He has served as' assessor and school 
 director of Guilford Township, and in 1882 was elected jury commissioner. 
 
 JACOB EBERLY, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Chambers- 
 burg, Penn., April 2, 1810, the second son of Peter and Elizabeth (Swain) 
 Eberly. Peter was a native of Lancaster County, Penn., born October 26, 
 1757; came to Franklin County in the spring of 1797, and settled on the place 
 now owned by his son, Jacob. The stone residence and barn near it stood on 
 the place when be bought it. He originally bought about 300 acres, since known 
 as the "Evergreen farm." Prior to 1822 he had led a retired life for eight- 
 een years in Chambersburg; then he removed to the head of Falling Spring, 
 and purchased the David Andrews mill, which he operated until his death in 
 1835; he reared a family of eight children, of whom four sons survive; ho had 
 been a stockholder and director in the Chambersburg Bank for many years, and 
 a member of the Mennonite Church. Jacob Eberly was educated at the schools 
 of the neighborhood, and remained with his parents until his marriage, in 
 1829, with Hannah Reed, who bore him ten children, four daughters and two 
 sons now living: Catherin, Ann Mariah, Hannah, Emma, John E. and Henry 
 J. Mrs. Eberly died January 26, 1855, and October 7, 1856, Mi-. Eberly 
 married Mary Ann Scriba, who was born July 3, 1817. To this union was 
 born one daughter, Mary S. , who died February 5, 1866, at the age of eight 
 years. After his first marriage Mr. Eberly located on the home place, and 
 conducted it until 1848, when he took up his residence in Chambersburg for 
 two years. He operated the first steam saw-mill in the county, which he built 
 and owned, and which was situated at the foot of the mountain. He resided 
 at the mill for three years, and in 1853 returned to the home place in Guilford 
 Township, where he has since resided, occupying a handsome residence, which 
 he erected in 1858; he also owns 190 acres of land adjoining the borough. He 
 and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, in which he has been an 
 officer and elder for many years; he is also an active temperance worker. In 
 politics he is a Eeptiblican. 
 
 A. H. ETTEE, superintendent of the Franklin County Almshouse, P. O. 
 Chambersburg, was bom in this county December 22, 1824, a son of Jacob 
 and Mary (Henning) Etter, who are of German origin, natives of Pennsylvania; 
 they had two children: D. Frank, a prominent physician in Yankton, Dak., 
 and A. H. Our subject was educated in the district school, and in early life 
 engaged in agrieultui-al pursuits. In 1877 he sold his farm and moved to the 
 village of Scotland, this county, and opened a general store, which he success- 
 fully conducted for three years. In 1884 he was elected ta his present posi- 
 tion. In politics he is a Eepublican, and has held most of the offices in 
 Greene Township, and served for a number of years as justice of the peace. 
 In January, 1857, he married Mary C. , daughter of Jacob Kyner, of German 
 origin, and to this union the following named children were born: Anna Mary; 
 Emma K., wife of William L. Craig; Luther, Lydia Belle, .Alexander Stewart 
 and Eobert H. Mr. and Mrs. Etter are members of the Lutheran Church, of 
 which he was an elder for many years. 
 
 WILLIAM FEEGUSON, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Chambersburg, 
 was born in Cumberland County, Penn., December 15, 1826, a son of William 
 and Margaret (McCoy) Ferguson, the latter a native of Cumberland County, 
 of Irish origin. His father, a native of Ireland, of Scotch parentage, came to 
 America when a boy and settled near Baltimore, where he worked out by the 
 month. When eighteen years of age he came to Cumberland County and fol- 
 lowed agriculture. His family ccrnsisted of nine children, of whom William 
 
798 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 is the fourth. Our subject was reared by his parents on the farm and acquired 
 a common- school education, and from youth has been engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. At the age of twelve years he moved with his parents to Franklin 
 County, near where he now resides, and now owns well improved farms, which 
 he has acquired by industry and energy. In 1858 he married Mary, daughter 
 of William and Eebecca Brown, of Scotch origin. Mr. and Mrs. Ferguson 
 are the parents of three children: William A., Robert G. and Mary E. Our 
 subject and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has 
 been trustee. He is a Republican in politics; has served as school director. 
 
 BENJAMIN R. GEORGE, farmer, P. O. Fayetteville, was born in Guil- 
 ford Township, this county, the youngest child of Henry and Jane (Ross) 
 George. Henry George was a native of County Derry, Ireland; immigrated 
 to America in 1816, and married a daughter of Adam Ross, who settled, dur- 
 ing or prior to the Revolution, on the place now owned by Benjamin R. 
 George. Adam Ross was a pioneer, receiving his deed from John Penn, 
 the elder, and John Penn, the younger, in 1789, probably settling on the place 
 prior to that date, and there he lived and died. He married a daughter of the 
 original Benjamin Chambers of Chambersburg in 1 777, and died November 
 27, 1827. His daughter, Jane, married Henry George, and after marriage 
 they located on the Ross home place, where they built their commodious family 
 residence in 1844. They reared to maturity a family of two daughters and 
 two sons. John, the eldest, engaged in mercantile business in Baltimore in 
 1853; Ruhamah R., Mary J. and Benjamin R. all reside on the home place. 
 Henry George died June 22, 1874. His widow died May 8, 1876. Our sub- 
 ject was educated in the select schools in Fayetteville and at an academy in 
 Baltimore. December 17, 1872, he married Lucy, daughter of Joseph Cham- 
 bers. They have two children : Sallie Madeira and J. Chambers. Mr. George 
 gives his attention to farming. An iron ore bed has been opened on the farm, 
 which is now yielding largely. Mrs. George and other members of the family 
 ■axe members of Palling Spring Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JEREMIAH W. GEORGE, New Franklin P. 0. One of the honorable 
 and industrious pioneer families of Guilford Township was that of Matthias 
 Oeorge, the progenitor of a numerous and respectable offspring and the fore- 
 runner and leading spirit in one of the oldest, if not the oldest Lutheran com- 
 munity in Franklin County, Grindstone Hill. On the 11th of August, 1750, 
 the ship " Patience," Hugh Steel, captain, arrived in the port of Philadelphia 
 from Rotterdam, bearing on it as immigrants desirous of establishing homes in 
 the New World, 121 men with their wives and children. One of these passen- 
 gers was Matthias George, great-great grandfather of the subject of this sketch. 
 Matthias had four sons: Henry, Peter, Adam and Christopher. The first two 
 settled on land in Philadelphia County, and worked out theii- destiny in that 
 region. Matthias and the last two located in Franklin County, taking up a large 
 tract in the Grindstone Hill region and forming its settlement. To Christopher 
 and his wife, Louisa (Smith) George, giandparents of our subject, were bom 
 one daughter and three sons, viz. : Magdalene, Jacob, Frederick and Sam- 
 uel. To Jacob and Hannah (Waldman) George, parents of our subject, were 
 likewise born one daughter and three sons: Elizabeth, Jeremiah W., William 
 and Jacob P., all living in Guilford Township at the present time. Jeremiah 
 W. George, born July 11, 1826, was married, April 12, 1849, to Miss Margaret 
 Gift, who was born July 3, 1826. The result of this union was the birth of 
 four children: two sons, Edward Benjamin born February 11, 1850, and 
 Jacob Martin born September 5, 1854, both living and married, and two 
 daughters, Anna Mary, born April 5, 1858, died in 1859, and Hannah Jane, 
 
GUILFORD TOWNSHIP. 799 
 
 born September 5, 1854, died iu 1875. One of the sons, Jacob Maitin, occu- 
 pies the farm which was taken up by his maternal great-great-grandfather, 
 Matthias Gift, near the middle of the last century. Mr. Jeremiah W. George 
 lives on the farm originally owned by his great-grandfather, Matthias. He has 
 retired from active fai-m life, which was his chosen occupation. His farm 
 is a good one, having an excellent quality of land, well supplied with substan- 
 tial buildings. During the retreat of Lee's army, in 1863, he sustained heavy 
 losses, his home being on the line taken by the immense columns of rebel 
 wounded and supply wagons escorted by Gen. Imboden's cavalry. Politically 
 Mr. George is identified with the ranks of Democracy, and religiously, with 
 the Grindstone Hill Evangelical Lutheran Church. He is one of the worthy 
 descendants of an honored ancestry. 
 
 ALFRED HOOVEB, faimer, P. O. Chambersburg, was bom in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., March 10, 1848, a son of Samuel W. 
 (a farmer), and Elizabeth (Gipe) Hoover, natives of Franklin County, and de- 
 scended from the early German settlers of Pennsylvania. The male members of 
 the family have generally been tillers of the soil, although some have been 
 professional, and others successful business men. Our subject is the eldest in 
 a family of four children, three of whom are now living. He received his edu- 
 cation in the district school and from youth up has followed agricultural pur- 
 suits. He is the owner of a well improved farm of eighty acres, on which he 
 resides. In 1872 he married Charlotte, daughter of Samuel Heinzelman, of 
 German origin, and to this imion one child has been born — Leah Emma, now 
 {1886) ten years old. Politically Mr. Hoover is a Republican. 
 
 S. S. LEDY, merchant, Marion, was born in Franklin County, Penn., 
 September 3, 1839, second son of Samuel, and Catherine (Snider) Ledy. Sam- 
 uel Ledy, a farmer by occupation, was born in Washington Township, this 
 county, in 1804, and in early life moved to Guilford Township, later to Antrim 
 Township, this county, where he resided for thirty years, returning to Guil- 
 ford Township in 1886, where he still resides ; he reared to maturity one 
 daughter and two sons, of whom two survive: S. S., our subject, and Elizabeth, 
 the widow of Samuel HoUinger, residing in Antrim Township, this county. S. 
 S. Ledy received a fair education at the public schools of Guilford Township, 
 and was engaged in farming on the home place until 1862, when he enlisted 
 in Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, and took part in all the battles up to that of Fredericksburg, 
 where he was disabled. He spent some time in the hospital at Washington, 
 D. C. , at which place he was discharged from the service on account of dis- 
 ability. He returned to Guilford Township, and again engaged in farming 
 Trhich he has since successfully followed. In the spring of 1885 he entered the 
 mercantile business, purchasing the general store of Mannon & Statler, and is 
 now doing an extensive trade. In 1863 Mr. Ledy married Sarah E. , daughter 
 of Joseph Hade, a former well-known resident of Antrim Township. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Ledy are the parents of two children, one son and one daughter: J. 
 H., now a member of the firm of S. S. & J. H. Ledy, and M. Belle, residing 
 with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Ledy are members of the Reformed Church. 
 In politics he is a Republican. He has been school director for mahy years, 
 is postmaster at Marion, and J. H., his son and partner, is assistant postmaster. 
 He is still superintending his farm situated a quarter of a mile south "of Mar- 
 ion, at which place his family reside. Neither of his children is married, and 
 J. H. boards with his parents. 
 
 JACOB B. NICKLAS, retired farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in 
 Germany, January 11, 1817, a sou of Adam, a farmer, and Margaret (Getote) 
 
800 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 NicMas, also natives of Germany. Their family consisted of six children, of 
 whom Jacob is the fourth. He grew to manhood in his native country, where 
 he was also educated. In 1837 he came to America, and has since resided in 
 Guilford Township, this county, the owner of a well improved farm, on which 
 he lives. In 1840 he married Sarah, a daughter of John Yaukey, a native of 
 Pennsylvania and a farmer. To Mr. and Mrs. Nicklas six children were bom 
 (five now living): Jeremiah, killed in the civil war, was a member of the On© 
 Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; Charlotte, wife of John Fisher, 
 of Illinois; Sarah, wife of O. D. Miller; Anna Eliza; Joseph, a farmer, and 
 Jacob B., who farms the home place. Mr. Nicklas is a Republican, and he 
 and vrife are members of the United Brethren Church, of which he has been 
 trustee. Thoir youngest son, Jacob B., was born December 6, 1855, on the 
 farm where he now resides, and was educated in the district schools. He has 
 made farming and cattle breeding his occupation, and has been very success- 
 ful. February 18, 1886, he married Sadie, daughter of Henry B. Strock and of 
 English descent. Like his father he is a Republican. 
 
 FREDERICK J. PFOUTZ, merchant. New Franklin, was born in Guil- 
 ford Township, Franklin Co., Penn., June 15, 1837, and is the eldest child of 
 Joseph and Rebecca (Tritle) Pfoutz. He was educated in the public schools 
 of Chambersburg, and clerked in his father's store until the age of fourteen, 
 when his father died and he engaged in farming for five or six years. About 
 1857 he commenced school-teaching, which profession he followed until enlist- 
 ing in the Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry; was detailed at regimental 
 headquarters, where he served as clerk until the close of the war and was mus- 
 tered out at Harrisburg in July, 1865. He returned to civil life and resumed 
 his former profession of teaching in the State of Maryland, teaching in two 
 adjoining districts for nine years. In 1876 he returned to Guilford Township, 
 and purchased the property where he still resides, and where he commenced 
 mercantile business, which he has since continued, doing an extenpive trade. 
 He also devotes much time to acting as clerk at public vendues, and as surveyor, 
 which profession he learned from Joseph Snively, Sr. , in 1862. Mr. Pfoutz 
 married in that year, Harriet Emma, a daughter of David Pike of Antrim 
 Township, this county, and to this union nine children were bom — two. daugh- 
 ters and three sons now living. The family attend the Lutheran Church. Mr. 
 Pfoutz is school director, which position he has held since 1878. 
 
 D. C. RHODES, blacksmith, Stoufferstown, P. O. Chambersburg, was 
 bom in Franklin County, January 21, 1847, a son of Christian and Martha 
 (Metz) Rhodes, natives of Pennsylvania, and of English and German origin, 
 respectively. In early life Christian Rhodes was a miller, later a farmer; his 
 family consisted of five sons and four daughters, of whom D. C. is the sixth 
 child. Our subject grew to manhood in his native county, and was educated 
 in the district school. At the age of seventeen he commenced to learn the 
 blacksmith's trade, which he followed one year. In 1866 he enlisted in the 
 United States Regular Army, and served three years, two and a half of which 
 he was orderly sergeant of the company which served among the Indians in 
 the West. At the close of his term of service he returned to Chambersburg, 
 completed his apprenticeship, and has since worked at his trade in Stouffers- 
 town. He does all the work on the wagons made here, also on farming imple- 
 ments manufactured in the town, and usually employs two blacksmiths. In 
 1870 he married Maggie, daughter of Samuel Disert, Sr. , who was bom in 
 Cumberland County, Penn., September 16, 1812, a son of Samuel and Margaret 
 (Au) Disert, who were also natives of Pennsylvania and of German and Irish 
 origin. Mr. Disert is a prominent farmer in this township. Mr. and Mrs. 
 
GUILFOED TOWNSHIP. 801 
 
 Bhodes have two children: D. Frank and H. Edgar. Mr. Ehodes is a mem. 
 ber of the I. O. O. F. , and an active and energetic Republican. 
 
 JACOB C. SNYDEE, P. O. New Franklin. This gentleman is a son of 
 Peter and Hanna (Cook) Snyder, and was born in Guilford Township, Frank- 
 lin County, November 1, 1820. His paternal great-grandfather and grand, 
 father were both named Peter, and his maternal great-grandfather and grand, 
 father were also named Peter. April 3, 1845, Jacob C. Snyder was married 
 by Peter Sahm, D. D. , to Martha Tritle, and to this union have been born 
 nine children, viz.: C. Newton, J. Milton, Frederick T., William A., J. Ed- 
 ward, J. Albert (died September 23, 1855, in infancy), Rebecca Kate, Martha 
 Ann and George B. McClellan Snyder. Mr. Snyder has always resided in 
 Guilford Township and, as an evidence of the esteem in which he is held by hia 
 fellow townsmen, it is only necessary to state that he has filled all, or nearly all 
 its ofl&ces. He was three times assessor and collector of taxes; was school di. 
 rector, then auditor, and is now in his fourth term as justice of the peace, 
 making a continuous public service of over twenty years. He also served one- 
 term as mercantile appraiser of Franklin County. His second son, Rev. J. 
 Milton Snyder, is a graduate of the Pennsylvania College, Gettysbui'g; was. 
 also a student for. three years in the Theological Seminary of the same place, 
 and is now an active minister of the Lutheran Church in Frederick County, 
 Md. Mr. Snyder's third son, Frederick T., is the present register and re- 
 corder of deeds of Franklin County, having been elected in the fall of 1884. 
 
 S. W. SOLENBERGER, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in 
 Guilford Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , April 18, 1838, and is the second 
 son of John W. and Elizabeth (Wingerd) Solenberger. He was educated iii 
 the schools of Guilford Township, and reared to the pursuits of the farm. No- 
 vember 17, 1868, he married Lizzie E., daughter of Jacob Deardorff, a former 
 well known resident of Guilford Township. After marriage Mr. Solenberger- 
 settled on the home place, where he has since remained, occupying the resi- 
 dence built by John Wingerd in 1814. To Mr. and Mrs. Solenberger, three 
 children were bom, all of whom died in infancy. Our subject and wife are 
 members of the United Brethren and Dunkard Churches respectively. In 1888 
 Mr. Solenberger erected a fine bam on his farm at a cost of $4,000; it is 100- 
 x54 feet, has a slate roof and perfect ventilation. Mr. Solenberger is an ex- 
 tensive and successful breeder of Short-horn cattle. 
 
 JACOB S. STONER, farmer and stock raiser, P. O. Chambersburg, was 
 born where he now resides, February 26, 1845, a son of Isaac and Martha, 
 (Stouffer) Stoner, the latter a daughter of Jacob Stouffer. Our subject's pa- 
 temal and maternal ancestors were among the early German settlers of this 
 State. Quite a number of the male members of the family have been farmers. 
 and millers. Isaac Stoner was a farmer, also operated a mill, and was a sue 
 cessful business man. At his death, which occurred in Guilford Township, 
 this county, in 1850, and where he spent most of his life, he wa,s the owner of 
 200 acres of valuable land in a high state of cultivation. His. family consisted 
 of five children, of whom Jacob S. is the fourth. The latter spent the early 
 years of his life on the farm with his parents, and received his education in the- 
 schools of the district. At an early age he entered the Frick shops at Waynes, 
 boro, and learned the machinist trade, but liking country life better he re- 
 turned to farming, and since then has devoted his time to that vocation, which 
 has proved successful. He has been twice married: first in 1871, to Misa 
 Christiana, dauighter of Henry Good, she dying in 1875; he married in 1878 
 Miss Kate, daughter of Jacob Strickler. Mr. Stoner has two children by hia 
 first wife, Alice and Hqnry, and three by his second, Amos, Frank and Paul.. 
 In politics he is a Republican. 
 
802 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JACOB STEICKLEE, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Chambersburg, 
 was bom in Antrim Township, Franklin Co., Penn., January 23, 1815. His 
 parents, Henry (a farmer) and Mary (Price) Strickler, were also natives of 
 Pennsylvania and of German origin, and his paternal and maternal ancestors 
 were among the early German settlers of Pennsylvania. His father's family 
 consisted of nine children, all of whom grew to maturity. Our subject was 
 reared on the farm and educated in the schools of Antrim Township, this 
 oounty, and has since devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, at which he has 
 been very successful. He owns the well improved, well stocked fai-m where he 
 now resides, and has retired from the active duties of life, having passed the 
 management of the farm into the hands of his son Amos, who is the eighth 
 child in the family, is married, and makes farming his business. December 
 19, 1839, Mr. Strickler manied Anna, daughter of Jacob StoufiPer, a farmer 
 and miller of Guilford Township, Franklin Co., Penn. Mrs. Strickler is also 
 of German origin. She has borne her husband the foDowing named children: 
 Henry, a clerk in Waynesboro; Catherine, wife of Jacob Stoner; John, a 
 farmer, residing in Frederick County, Va., married; Abraham, a farmer, resid- 
 ing in Peters Township, this county; Mary, at home; Jacob, a merchant in 
 Illinois, married; Daniel, also a merchant in Illinois, married; Amos, and 
 David, a medical man in Duluth, Minn. 
 
 T. H. WEAGLY, M. D., P. O. Marion, was born near Greencastle, Frank- 
 lin Co., Penn., a son of Jeremiah and Anna (Lippy) Weagly, also natives of 
 Franklin County. His paternal and maternal ancestors were among the early 
 German settlers of Pennsylvania. His father was a contractor and builder, 
 also school-teacher, etc., and has been a magistrate for the past ten years; he 
 now resides in Greencastle, Penn. His family consisted of two sons, of whom 
 the Doctor is the younger. Our subject's youth was passed on the farm with 
 his parents, and he received his early education in the county school; later he 
 attended the high school, and then taught with marked success for four years. 
 In 1878 he commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Grubb, of 
 Greencastle, and afterward attended the medical college at Baltimore for a short 
 time; then practiced medicine for two years, and in 1881-82 attended the med- 
 ical college at Baltimore, Md. , graduating with honor in 1882. That year he 
 came to Marion, where his personal accomplishments and professional skill soon 
 won the regard of the community, and he rapidly acquired an extensive and 
 lucrative practice, which embraces a large portion of the influential families of 
 the town and surrounding country. The Doctor is a member of the A. L. of 
 H. In politics he is a Democrat 
 
 JOHN W. WITHERSPOON, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was bom in 
 Guilford Township, Franklin Co., Penn., October 4, 1843, and is the youngest 
 son of David and Massie Ann (Caruthers) Witherspoon. David Witherspoon 
 was bom in Guilford Township, July 19, 1798, and was the son of James With- 
 erspoon, a carpenter by trade, who came to Franklin County about 1780, and 
 resided in Greencastle, for a time engaged at his trade; James later (about 
 1782 or 1783) purchased and settled the farm which is now the home of his 
 grandson, John W. He purchased the 125 acres as it now is, and which was 
 partially improved, at a sheriff's sale, and here passed the remainder of his 
 life. Here his son, David, also passed his life, and the greater part of the 
 family residence was built by him (David) in 1843, and the large and commo- 
 dious bam in 1866. David reared to maturity four sons and four daughters, 
 the sons and three daughters now living. He was a justice of the peace for some 
 years and a member of the Presbyterian Church for seventy years. He was a 
 successful farmer and died November 18, 1884. John W. Witherspoon was 
 
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 803 
 
 educated at the public schools of Guilford, and also attended the academy at 
 Chambersburg for three sessions. He was reared to farming and remained on 
 the home place until the spring of 1864, when he enlisted in the United States 
 Signal Corps; was stationed with the middle military division under Gens. 
 Sigel, Hunter and Sheridan, and participated in the "battles at Winchester, 
 Pisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, serving until the close of the war. He was 
 mustered out with his corps, at Winchester, Va. , in August, 1865, returned to 
 oivil life and engaged in school-teaching for three winter sessions, and in the 
 spring of 1868 moved to West Virginia, where he was engaged in fanning for 
 some six years. In 1874 he returned to Guilford Township, and located on the 
 farm where he has since resided. January 28, 1875, he married Mary E. 
 Mickey, who bore him two, daughters and four sons: Robert Ralph, John W., 
 Mary E., Florence L., David Erskine and Quin M. Mr. and Mrs. Wither- 
 spoon are members of Falling Spring Presbyterian Church; he is a member of 
 HouBum Post, No. 309, G. A. R. ; has been school director for the township 
 for six years. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 JACOB G. ZUG, retired farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Lebanon 
 County, Penn. , September 7, 1830, a son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Geib) Zug, 
 natives of Pennsylvania and of German origin. He is the second of five chil- 
 dren; was educated in the country schools and chose the occupation of his 
 father, that of farming, which in early life he followed in Lebanon County, 
 dealing also in stock. In 1876 he sold his farm in Lebanon County for 
 $182 per acre, and bought his present farm for. $145 per acre. His land 
 adjoins Stoufferstown and is highly prized, being considered one of the best 
 farms in Guilford Township. In 1854 he was married to Elizabeth, daughter 
 of John Doster, Lancaster County, Penn. , and of German origin. Mrs. Zug 
 bore her husband five children, four now living: Cassie, Anna, Daniel and Eli. 
 Mrs. Zug died in 1884, a consistent member of the German Baptist Church, 
 and Mr. Zug next married Sallie Pottier, also a member of the German Baptist 
 •Church. Mr. "Zug is a Republican, and while a resident of Lebanon County 
 held most of the township offices ; he served six years as school director. 
 
 HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ANDREW BARD, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Letterkenny 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn. , March 27, 1823, and is a son of Andrew and Mary 
 (Crider) Bard, natives of Franklin County and of German and English descent. 
 His father, who was a farmer, died when our subject was six months old, and 
 the latter remained with his mother four years, when he was put out among 
 his relatives. He lived with an uncle and a sister until he was sixteen years of 
 age, and then worked by the month until he was twenty-six. When he arrived 
 at the age of twenty-one he weuu to Richland County, Ohio, and worked four 
 years; then returned, married and located where he now resides, and owns 
 eighty-five acres of land. He married, February 27, 1849, Margaret, daughter 
 of Jacob and Margaret Deihl. Mr. and Mrs. Bard are the parents of ten chil- 
 dren, four of whom are living: William F., Jacob A., John C. and Ella N., all 
 married. The parents are members of the United Brethren Church. Mr. 
 Bard has held the office of constable twenty-one years, and that of road super- 
 visor three terms by election, and was appointed by the court once. He is an 
 ■enterprising citizen of his township and county and is quite a prominent man. 
 
804 BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES: 
 
 PHILIP BERLIN, retired farmer, Chambersburg. was bom in that plac& 
 September 24, 1814, and is a son of Philip and Mary A. (Coover) Berlin, of Ger- 
 man descent and natives of Pennsylvania. His father was a merchant in Cham- 
 bersburg for about forty years, and operated three stores of dry goods and 
 groceries. In 1827 he was nominated and elected a member of the Legislatur* 
 by the Bepublican party; he was also director of the first railroad from Harris- 
 burg to Chambersburg. About 1840 he sold out his stores and bought a grist- 
 mill and farm adjoining Chambersburg, which he conducted until 1846, 
 when he sold out and moved back to Chambersburg, where he died in 1864 at the 
 advanced age of eighty-three. He was an active member of the Lutheran 
 Church for about sixty years. Philip Berlin, Jr., was reared in Chambers- 
 burg, where he received his education. When his father bought the mill and 
 farm he conducted both as< long as he owned them. In 1846 he moved to 
 where he now resides, and owns 150 acres of land, on which he made some fine- 
 improvements. He was married in April, 1842, to Miss Eliza Besore, and 
 they are the parents of eight children, seven of whom are living — five daughters 
 and two sons. Mrs. Berlin is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Mr. Berlin is a Republican in politics. He was an active farmer up to a few 
 years ago, but is now liviug in retirement and his son is conducting the farm. 
 
 JOHN H. BLAIR, farmer, P. O. Cfhambersburg, was born in Westmore- 
 land County, Penn., May iS, 1844, and is a son of James and Jane (Humes) 
 Blair, former a native of Ireland, latter of Pennsylvania and of Scotch-Irish 
 descent. James Blair was a farmer, an occupation he followed in Westmore- 
 land County until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1875. John H. Blair 
 lived in Westmoreland County, Penn., and farmed imtil 1878. He taught 
 school for five terms, and in the spring of 1878 moved to where he now resides, 
 and where he owns 370 acres of land in two tracts, part of which was 'inherited, 
 by his wife. He visited the centennial at Philadelphia in 1876, remaining five 
 days. Mr. Blair married, December 26, 1872, Anna E. Shields, who bore him 
 six children, five of whom are living: Ida M., Sarah J., James S.-, Ray and an 
 infant daughter (Scott H. is deceased). Mr. and Mrs. Blair are members of 
 the Central Presbyterian Church at Chambersburg. He has held the office of 
 school director for several years; has been judge of election and inspector, assess- 
 or and director in Franklin creamery. He is quite an extensive stock raiser, 
 making a specialty of Shorthorn cattle, and horses. He has an interest in an 
 imported Percheron horse, which is valued at $2,000. Politically he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 GEORGE CHRIST, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was bom in Washing- 
 ton County. Md., December 10, 1849, and is a son of Peter and Louisa Christ, 
 natives of Germany, and who came to Baltimore in 1840. and thence to Cham- 
 bersburg, where they lived several years and Peter Christ followed his trade, that 
 of shoemaMng. He then moved to Washington County, Md., and lived five 
 years; then to where George now resides, where he bought a farm of 214 acres, 
 and remamed here about eleven years. He is now living in Guilford Town- 
 ship, this county. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained with his 
 parents until he was thirty years of age, when he purchased 150 acres of the 
 iiome place, and has since lived here with the exception of a few years. He 
 married, January 22, 1878, Margaret J. Hoffman, and to them six children 
 were born, five now living: Louisa M., Anna M., Henry G., Sophia A. and 
 iitna J. (Louis the second bora, is deceased.) Mr. and Mrs. Christ are 
 members of the CathoHc Church at Chambersburg. He has held the office of 
 supervisor and also that of school director. 
 
 DAVID EBY, miller, P. O. Chambersburg, was bom in Letterkenny Town- 
 
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 805 
 
 Bhip, Franklin Co., Penn., December 1, 1830, and is a son of Jacob and 
 Martha (Snider) Eby,- natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His 
 great-grandfather was born in Germany. Jacob Eby, after his marriage, moved 
 to Guilford Township and kept a hotel for seven years on the Baltimore and 
 Chambersburg pike (vrhen stages ran from Baltimore to Chambersburg), and 
 he used to stable from twenty-five to thirty teams in one night. In 1840 he 
 moved two miles west of Chambersburg, on the Bedford and Chambersburg 
 pike, and kept hotel twenty- two years; bought 120 acres of land and lived there 
 until 1853, when he moved to Chambersburg, where he bought property and 
 here lived until his death, which occurred April 19, 1881. He was four times 
 married; his first wife bore him seven children, his second, two, and his fourth 
 one. David, the eldest, was reared on a farm and remained with his parents 
 until twenty- seven years of age, when he was married; he went to St. Thomas 
 Township and lived on the farm of his father-in-law, Jacob Detrick, four years. 
 In 1863 he moved to his father' s farm, where he remained until the spring of 
 1865, and in the spring of 1864 his bam was burned by the rebels, at the same 
 time Chambersburg was burned, on pretext of his having hauled John Brown's 
 goods to Sheppardstown and Hag^stown. He had six horses taken from him 
 in 1862, and his father lost eight horses and a barn and all the grain that had 
 been garnered. In 1863 David had taken from him eleven head of cattle and 
 all his feed. He was drafted in 1865 and paid 11, 200 for a substitute. In 
 1870 he bought the grist-mill he is now running and has thirty-one acres of 
 land, which he farms in connection with the running of the mill. In the fall 
 of 1872 he built a large two-story brick house at a cost of 13, 700. He was mar- 
 ried October 12, 1858, to Mary Detrick, and they are the parents of six chil- 
 dren: Harry C, George D., Amos S., Howard S., Annie M. and Mattie. 
 Mr. Eby has held the office of school director and school treasurer. He is one 
 of the prominent men of Hamilton Township, and is a public- spirited citizen. 
 In 1876 Mr. Eby was appointed chief marshal of Hamilton Township to repre- 
 sent the centennial of his district. Both he and his wife are generous and 
 good, giving to the poor in time of need. 
 
 JOHN FOUTZ, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., February 19, 1836, and is a son of Jacob and 
 Mary (Swigert) Foutz, natives of Franklin County, and of German descent 
 His father, who was a farmer by occupation, and which he followed in St. 
 Thomas Township, died in 1848. Our subject was brought up on a farm, and 
 was fourteen years of age when he began life for himself, and worked out by 
 the month until he was married. He learned the carpenter' s trade, which he 
 followed for about five years; then bought a farm in St. Thomas Township 
 tmd lived there about five years; then sold out and rented one year. In 1868 
 he bought the place where he now resides, consisting of seventy acres, and 
 here he has since lived. He was drafted in Company C, One Hundred and 
 Twelfth Pennsylvania Artillery, in 1862, and served nine months. He was 
 married in 1854 to Leah, daughter of Jacob and Susanna (Miller) Etter, na- 
 tives of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Foutz are the parents of seven children: 
 Jacob, Susanna, Mary, John, Ellen, Harry and Charlie. Mrs. Foutz is a 
 member of the United Brethren Church. In politics Mr. Foutz is a Democrat. 
 
 JOHN A. GROVE, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Franklin 
 County, Penn. , January 16, 1856, and is a son of John and Margaret (Lin- 
 ninger) Grove, natives of this county, and of English descent. His father, 
 John, was a farmer, an occupation he followed until about four years ago, 
 when he moved to Chambersburg, and is now living a retired life. Our sub- 
 ject was born and reared w/here lie new lives, and remained with his parents 
 
806 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 until twenty- four years of age, when he was man-ied, April 27, 1880, to Luella,. 
 daughter of Solomon and Ann (Baker) Holler. After marriage he moved on 
 one of his father's farms, a short distance below where he now resides. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Grove have two children: Clarence E. and Verba E. 
 
 HENRY KEEFER, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Hamilton 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., May 22, 1822, and is a son of Abraham and Su- 
 san (Price) Keef er, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. His father- 
 was a farmer, an occupation he followed until his death, which occurred in 
 March, 1864, on the farm adjoining where he was born. Our subject's grand- 
 father was ninety-six years of age at the time of his death. Henry remained 
 with his parents until he was twenty years of age, when he commenced for 
 himself. He farmed with his father ten years on shares; then bought the- 
 farm, consisting of 140 acres, on which he lived until 1864. But during his 
 residence here he bought another farm of seventy-three acres. In the spring- 
 of 1864 he bought 176 acres, on which he moved, and here has since lived. 
 He now owns 452 acres; also a tract of seventeen acres of timber land, a 
 house and lot in Sandy Hook; another tract of timber land of fifteen acres, and 
 one of 224 acres, also of timber. He owns a half .interest in a steam saw-mill, 
 and a third interest in 1,200 acres of timber land. March 12, 1844, Mr. 
 Keefer mamed' Elizabeth Weist, and they are the parents of ten children, seven 
 of whom are living: Jerome H., Levina, Henry D., C. W., Daniel H., Wesley 
 G. and Emma V. Mr. and Mrs. Keefer are members of the German Re- 
 formed Church. Mr. Keefer is an intelligent and enterprising citizen. 
 
 WILLIAM B. KEEFER, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was bom in Cum- 
 berland County, Penn., November 27, 1837, and is a son of Samuel and Han- 
 nah (Martin) Keefer, natives of Pennsylvania. His father was a native of' 
 Berks County, Penn. , and moved to Cumberland County when quite young, 
 where he remained until 1840, when he removed to Franklin County and lo- 
 cated in Guilford Township, where he rented a farm until the spring of 1849. 
 He then moved to where our subject now lives, where he bought a small farm- 
 and lived until his death, which occurred December 11, 1875. William B. 
 was reared on the farm, and remained with his parents most of their lives. In 
 August, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served nine months. He participated 
 in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Va. , and was mustered 
 out at the expiration of his term of enlistment. He returned home and has been 
 engaged in farming and carpentering ever since (the latter he learned when_ 
 quite young). He was married October 1, 1863, to Margaret McDonald, and 
 five children have been born to them: Mary, Ellen, Anna, Ida and William E. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Keefer are members of the United Brethren Church. 
 
 WILLIAM KIMPEL, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Bavaria, 
 Germany, February 14, 1830, and is a son of John and Catherine (Drep) Kim- 
 pel, natives of Germany. John Kimpel was a shoemaker by trade, which he. 
 followed until coming to the United States. In May, 1842, he with his family 
 bade farewell to their fatherland, took passage at Bremen and, after a voyag& 
 of eight weeks, arrived at Baltimore ; thence they moved to Adams County, 
 Penn. ; thence to Baltimore, Md. ; lived there from spring to fall, and then, in 
 1848, moved into Franklin County and he bought a small farm near Cham- 
 bersburg, where he lived until his death in November, 1884. William Kim- 
 pel was reared on a farm, and started in life for himself when twenty-two years 
 of age. He worked out until 1864, spending one year in Ohio. In 1864 h& 
 bought the farm where he now lives, consisting of eighty-five acres, on which 
 he has since resided. He married, May 17, 1854, Catherine Miller, who has 
 
HAMILTON TOWNSHIP. 807 
 
 borne him ten children: Mary M., Catherine, Elizabeth, Martha, Louisa, John 
 W., Edward, Ambrose, Elouises and George. Mr. and Mrs. Kimpel are mem- 
 bers of the Catholic Church of Chambersburg. 
 
 JACOB KEIDEE, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Hamilton 
 Township, FranHin Co., Penn., November 1, 1811, and is a son of Henry and 
 Fannie (Oner) Krider, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His 
 great-grandfather came from Germany. His father was a farmer, an occupa- 
 tion he followed all his life. His grandfather located in Lebanon County, 
 where Jacob's father was born. He came to Hamilton Township in an early 
 day, where he bought a farm and lived until his death, which occurred in 1844. 
 Our subject was reared on a farm, and remained with his parents until he was 
 twenty-four years af age, when he married and located in St. Thomas Town- 
 ship, where his father had- willed him a farm of 177 acres of land, and there 
 he lived until 1863, when he moved to where he now resides. He built a grist- 
 mill on his farm in St. Thomas Township, and operated it so long as he lived 
 there. He owns twenty -five and a half acres of land where he now resides. 
 He married, March 15, 1836, Christiana Howard, who bore him twelve chil- 
 dren, only one now living, Fannie, married to J. W. McLeery. (They reside in 
 St. Thomas Township, this county.) Mr. Krider has held the office of director 
 of the poor and supervisor, and is one of the old pioneers of Franklin County. 
 He has been an active business man, and is now enjoying the fruits of his in- 
 dustry. The Indians were still on the land when his grandfather settled in 
 this county, and Mr. Krider says that he has heard his father say that it was 
 not safe to be out alone. 
 
 FREDERICK MISH, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., October 11, 1810, and is a son of 
 John and Margaret (Waller) Mish, natives of Pennsylvania. John Mish was a 
 farmer by occupation, which he followed the greater part of his life. In 1812 
 he moved to St. Thomas Township, this county, where he bought 281 acres of 
 cultivated land and eighty-one acies of mountain land; in 1827 he moved to 
 Guilford Township, where he bought a farm and lived six years; then sold out 
 and moved to his farm in St. Thomas Township, where he lived until hia 
 death in 1842. Our subject then farmed the old homestead until 1848, when 
 he sold it to the heirs and moved to the northern part of Hamilton Township, 
 and bought a farm where he resided until 1871 ; then moved to where he now 
 resides, and where he owns 100 acres of land. He married, October 15, 1835, 
 Mary A. Coble, and sis children were born to them, five living: Charlotte E., 
 Jeremiah L., George W., John F. and Jacob W. Mrs. Mish died in 1857, 
 and in 1869 Mr. Mish married Prucilla (Newman) Knaue. He has held the 
 offices of road supervisor and school director, and is numbered among the old 
 pioneers now living in Franklin County. He is ranked among the prominent, 
 men; has been an active business man and a good farmer, and is esteemed by 
 all who know him- He owns a tract in the northern part of Hamilton Town- 
 ship of 285 acres and fifteen acres of mountain land. 
 
 GEORGE REED (deceased) was born in Franklin County, Penn., April 9, 
 1819, and was a son of Casper and Barbara (Stake) Reed, natives of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and of German descent. George was quite young when his father died, 
 was reared on a farm and worked around on farms until he was married; he 
 then cropped for his father-in-law for about four years; then entered the tan- 
 nery of William McLean, where he worked for seventeen years in Amberson's 
 Valley; he then worked at Doylesburg for the same party and here was fore- 
 man for eighteen years, being engaged in the tannery business for about 
 thirty-five years. He also carried on a country store in Doylesburg for seven 
 
gQg BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ears whUehe was working at the tannery business. In 1881 he moved to 
 fher; It widow now liA and there bought e.ghty 4 wo acr^^^^^^ 
 leed still retains. He was married in December, 1842, to Barbara ffl. StaKe, 
 ho bore hTm nine children: Margaret J., married to C J. Eckenrode; Ema- 
 ne maWto K. P. Bosenbury; George W., married to Lillian Farce, re- 
 ,^;g ^Chicago; Howard C, married to Catherine Widney; Reuben, mar- 
 ried to Elizabeth Long; Almira E., married to George B^ Henderson; James 
 E maiSed to Jennie Jeffries ; WilHam A., manied to R Eckenrode and Mor- 
 row Mc, who operates a steam saw-mill, threshing machme and huUer Mr 
 R^eddiedMay 14, 1883, a consistent member of the Methodist Protestant 
 
 ^^"SAMUEL S. REISHER, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Frank- 
 lin County, Penn., August 5, 1843, and is a son of Daniel S. and Nancy (Hu- 
 ber) Beisher, natives of this county, and of German descent. His great- 
 mrandfather, on his father's side, was of German descent and his ancestors in 
 this county are traced back a long way. His great-grandfather was the second 
 inhabitant of Chambersbui-g. His grandfather served as justice of the peace 
 in Chambersburg for about thirty years. His father attended Dickinson Col- 
 lege at Carlisle, until he was twenty years old, when he married and located 
 on a farm in Hamilton Township, where he lived ten years; then moved to 
 Greene Township where he remained five years; then moved to Chambers- 
 burg where he is now living a retired life. Samuel S. was reared on a 
 farm' and remained with his parents until nineteen years of age; then 
 enlisted in the service of his country, August 5, 1862, in Company D, One 
 Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, served 
 six months, and was discharged at Philadelphia on account of disability. On 
 his return from the war he farmed the homestead for five years, then bought 
 the farm of ninety-nine acres where he now resides. He was married March 
 9, 1865, to Sarah Miller, and they are the parents of twelve children, eight of 
 whom are living: Daniel H., Minnie G., William S., Ella, Benjamin, George, 
 Nancy A. and Mary E. Mrs. Reisher is a member of the Reformed Church. 
 Mr. Beisher has held the offices of township auditor, inspector of elections, 
 and has been school director for twelve years; has also served as census enu- 
 merator, and is now holding the office of county auditor. Mr. Beisher is one of 
 the prominent men of Franklin County and a substantial and thrifty farmer. 
 Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 JOHN N. SNIDEB, farmer, P. 0. Chambersburg, was bom in Lurgan 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., August 6, 1815, and is a son of Nicholas and 
 Catherine (Howard) Snider, natives of Franklin County, and of German 
 descent. His grandfather on his father' s side came from Germany. Nicholas 
 Snider was a scythe-maker by trade, which he followed until 1818, when he 
 moved to Guilford Township, this county, and bought a saw and grist-mill, 
 which he conducted until his death in 1838. Our subject was reared on a 
 farm, remaining with his father until his death ; he then rented the farm for 
 one year afterward. His stepmother bought property in Marion where he 
 moved and resided one year; then he married and located in Hamilton Town- 
 ship, where he bought 179 acres of land, on which he resided ten years. He 
 then sold out and bought 116 acres, where he now lives, and on which he has 
 made aU the improvements, showing that Mr. Snider is an industrious and en- 
 terprising citizen. He maiTied, February 3, 1842, Barbara, daughter of Jacob 
 and Martha (Laman) Deihl, a native of Franklin County. Mr. and Mrs. Sni- 
 der are the parents of ten children, eight of whom are living: Martha, married 
 to Samuel West; Catherine; Margaret, married to Benjamin Gruner; Cyrenius, 
 
LETTERKENNY TOWNSHIP. 809 
 
 married to Jacob C. Waggoner; Mary, married to Henry K, Baker; David C, 
 married to Emma Baker; Laura J., married to Calvin Etter, and JohnM., 
 married to Annie Kuhn. The parents are members of the Lutheran Church! 
 Mr. Snider now holds the office of road supervisor. He is one of the active 
 men of Franklin County, and has witnessed the development of improvements 
 for seventy years. He is one of the oldest settlers in Hamilton Township, and 
 is esteemed very highly by all vrho know him. Politically he is a Republican. 
 ZADOO WOLFE, miller, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Antrim Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co., Penn., April 28, 1832, and is a son of Henry H. and 
 Eachael (Hood) Wolfe, natives of Maryland, and of English descent. His 
 grandfather Hood participated in the Revolutionary war. His father, Henry 
 H., came to Franklin County in 1832, and located in Antrim Township, where 
 he followed milling for about sixteen years. He then moved back to Maryland, 
 and operated in the milling business for one year, then returned to Franklin 
 County, where he followed milling the remainder of his life, a business in 
 which he was thoroughly practical; he died about 1865, the father of fourteen 
 children, seven of whom are now living, four sons and three daughters: Tobthia, 
 George, John, Jose, Zadoc, Catherine and Henrietta. Zadoc Wolfe was brought 
 up to the miller's trade, and served under his father until twenty-one years of 
 age, when he rented a mill at Mercersburg, and his father lived vnth him and 
 worked for him until he died. He conducted the mill at Mercersburg about nine 
 years, and then rented Rankin's mill, near Greencastle, which he operated two 
 years; thence moved to McAuley's mill, vrhich he operated eight years. In 1872 
 he bought the mill property he is now operating from H. M. White, for which he 
 paid $5,000. He also bought a small farm adjoining of forty acres, but has 
 sold it, for which he paid |2, 200. He also owns a still-house in connection 
 with his mill, but is not operating it at present, and in addition to his other 
 business he carries a stock of groceries and notions. Mr. Wolfe is a practical 
 miller, having been brought up in the mill from early youth, and is a thorough 
 business man. His son, Jose E., has charge of the mill, and is also the miller. 
 Mr. Wolfe was married August 21, 1856, to Mary 0. Pensinger, a daughter of 
 Jacob, Jr. , and Mary Pensinger. Our subject and wife are the parents of seven 
 children, five of whom are living: William P. (married to Nettie Over), Jose 
 E., Mary E., Jacob S. and Emma G. Jacob Pensinger, Jr., father of Mrs. 
 Wolfe, was one of the early settlers of Franklin County, and was the father of 
 ten children, four of whom are living: William, John, Thomas and Mary C. 
 He resided at Greencastle for many years, but later moved to Camp Hill. He 
 was engaged in farming near Greencastle all his life. He died at the age of 
 ninety-one years. 
 
 LETTERKENNY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JOHN BESORE, farmer, P. O. Upper Strasburg, was born February 5, 
 1810, on the old homestead of his father. His great-grandfather, Peter Besore, 
 was born in Switzerland, came to America when a young man, and settled in 
 Lancaster County, Penn., where he farmed; his son, Peter, was born in Berlin, 
 York Co., Penn., and married Rachel Likener, of French descent, who lived 
 to be seventy years old and died in this county, where the husband had bought 
 a farm in Letterkenny Township, on which he died. They were the parents 
 of the following named children: Adam, William, Moses, George, Peter (father 
 
 4S 
 
810 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of our subject), Balser, Mrs. Eachael Wright, Mrs. Elizabeth Beard, Mrs. Peggj- 
 Dice and Mrs. Hannah Huber, the mother of Judge Hinber. Peter Besore 
 (father of this family) was first a member of the Lutheran Church, but later of 
 the Methodist Episcopal, and the first Methodist meeting in the township was 
 held at his house. He also served in several of the county offices, and was 
 commissioner of the poor many years. Subject's father, Peter, was born in 
 York County February, 9, 1779, and was but four years old when he cam& 
 to Franklin County. He was a farmer, and owned the place where our sub- 
 ject now resides, and which consisted of 202 acres. He married Elizabeth, 
 a daughter of John Schleichter, of an old pioneer family. She died at th& 
 age of sixty-six years, and her husband at the age of seventy-five. They 
 were parents of the following named children, now living: John (our subject), 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Berlin, Mrs. Lydia Oyler, Mrs. Leah Metz, Hannah, Mrs. Ee- 
 becca Huber, of Martinsburg, and George Besore. Eachel, Peter, William and 
 Amos K. are deceased. The parents were members of the United Brethren 
 Church. The father was a Democrat, and served as supervisor of his township. 
 Our subject was educated in the early schools of the county, and has all his life- 
 been a successful man. He now has a farm of 202 acres, and owns half of 121 
 acres. He is a . member of the United Brethren Church, a Democrat, politi- 
 cally, and cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson. 
 
 GEOEGE W. BESOEE, farmer, P. O. Upper Strasburg, was born in 
 Letterkenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., May 4, 1829, a son of Peter and 
 Elizabeth (Schlichter) Besore, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. 
 His paternal grandmother could speak both German and French. His great- 
 grandfather came from Switzerland, and settled in York County, where he- 
 lived several years. He then came to Franklin County, and bought a farm in 
 Letterkenny Township, where he lived until his death. Our subject's grand- 
 father, Peter Besore, was born in York County, Penn. ; moved to Franklin 
 County, Penn. , where he lived, engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death. 
 Peter, subject's father, followed farming also, in Letterkenny Township, and 
 owned before his death 526 acres, which has since been divided among his 
 heirs. George W. was reared on the farm and remained with his parents until 
 they both died. He and his brother, John, then operated the three farms 
 until 1861, when our subject built on the farm where he now resides and moved 
 to it. He married in December, 1859, Mary C. , daughter of John and Eliza- 
 beth (Karper) Eife. Mr. and Mrs. Besore are the parents of three children: 
 John E. , William H. and Jennie E. Mr. and Mrs. Besore are members of the- 
 Lutheran Church at Upper Strasburg. He has served one term each as audi- 
 tor, assessor and judge of elections. He owns 166 acres of well improved 
 land, and a large two-story brick house and fine barn. In politics he is a Dem- 
 ocrat. 
 
 LANDIS A. BESOEE, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co., Penn., May 22, 1848, a son of Peter andMag- 
 dalena (Landis) Besore, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His 
 great-grandfather came from Switzerland. His grandfather, Peter, was a 
 farmer and lived where John Besore now resides, he was also a slaveholder, 
 and one of the early settlers of this county. Subject's father was born in 1812- 
 and reared on his father's farm. He was a prominent man in the county? 
 at the time of his death owned two farms aggregating 450 acres. Landis A. 
 was reared on a farm and remained at home until he was twenty-four years- 
 old, when he married, located where he now resides and remained three years;, 
 then bought a property on the Green ViUage road, where he resided five years, 
 durmg which time he was not engaged at anything partictdar on account of ill 
 
LETTEEKENNY TOWNSHIP. 811. 
 
 health. In 1874 he moved back to his present place, and now owns 275 acres,, 
 of which sixty-five is in heavy timber. May 29, 1872, he married Mary, 
 daughter of Henry StoufFer, and seven children have been born to them, six. 
 now living: Mamie E., Emma L., Kate A., Daisy B., George M. and Alice G. 
 Mrs. Besore is a member of the United Brethren Ohurch. Our subject also 
 engages to some extent in stock raising. 
 
 JOHN S. BRAKE, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , December 13, 1825, and is a son of 
 John and Catherine (Schlichter) Brake, natives of Pennsylvania and of Ger- 
 man descent. His grandfather. Christian, came to Franklin County at a very 
 early day, the exact date not now known, but probably over 100 years ago. 
 He settled where John S. now lives, and bought 1 10 acres of land, the greater 
 part of which he cleared. The Indians were at that time very numerous, and 
 he experienced all the hardships of the pioneer, but after years of hard work 
 saved enough money to buy another farm (where Jacob Schlichter now resides) 
 moved on it, and there remained until his death. Our subject's father, John, 
 was born and reared where our subject now lives. He was a farmer, and com- 
 menced for himself when only seventeen years old, working hard until he 
 saved enough money to purchase a farm; at one time he owned 320 acres. He 
 was the father of five sons — John S. , Solomon, Jacob (deceased), Jeremiah,, 
 Christian (deceased) — and two daughters, Magdelena and Catharine. John S. ,. 
 the fourth in the family, was born on the farm where he now lives. He re- 
 mained with his parents until he was twenty ^ve years old, when he began to da 
 for himself. He married and settled on his father's farm, but in 1852 moved 
 on the homestead where he has since lived, and owns 104 acres. December 
 17, 1850, he married Malinda, daughter of Frederick and Catherine (Grove) 
 Foltz, and four children have been born to this union, all of whom are now 
 deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Brake are members of the Methodist Episcopal. 
 Church. He has served as auditor two terms, and supervisor two terms. In. 
 politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 SOLOMON BRAKE, retired farmer, P. O. Keefers, was born in the 
 house where he now lives, in Letterkenny Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , 
 April 23, 1828, a son of John and Catherine (Schlichter) Brake, natives of 
 Letterkenny Township and of German descent, our subject's great-grandfather 
 having come from Germany. Subject' s grandf ^tner. Christian, came to Frank- 
 lin County some time in the eighteenth century and located in this township,, 
 where he owned two farms. Here he lived and followed agricultural pursuits 
 until his death. Jbhn Brake, father of our subject, was born July 2, 1795, 
 on the farm where Jacob Schlichter now lives. He was drafted in the war of 
 1812, but paid his fine, being then only seventeen years of age. When a 
 young man he moved to where his son, Solomon, now lives and, in partner- 
 ship with Frederick Deck, bought 300 acres of land, which they afterward 
 divided, Mr. Brake taking the buildings and 100 acres of land. He lived here- 
 until his death, which occurred quite suddenly of apoplexy in 1858. He was 
 one of the prominent men of the township. Solomon has always romained 
 on the homestead, owns 400 acres of valuable land, and has made some fine 
 improvements within the last few years. A part of the house in which he re- 
 sides is built of hewed logs, and was erected by a Mr. McConnell over 100 
 years ago. It is very old fashioned, but perfectly sound and well constructed. 
 August 22, 1882, Mr. Brake married Sarah B. Wineman, and one child has 
 been born to them, Frank W. Mr. Brake has now retired from active business,, 
 has his work done by hired hands, and rents out on shares. 
 
 JOHN A. DICE, farmer, P. O. Chambersburg, was born in Letterkenny 
 
5^12 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Township, this county, October 5, 1833, a son of Michael and Sophia (Ash- 
 way) Dice, natives of Pennsylvania, anpl of German descent. His grandpar- 
 ents came to Franklin County in an early day and settled in Letterkenny 
 Township, where the grandfather engaged in distilling until his death. Our 
 subject's father, Michael, was a farmer (owning two farms), which occupation 
 he followed until his death in May, 1870. His widow died in August, 1873. 
 He was a strong Democrat, had held minor offices in the township, and was a 
 prominent man. John A. was reared on the farm and remained at home 
 until twenty-three years of age, when he went to Summit County, Ohio, and 
 was absent one year engaged on a farm. On his return he remained four years, 
 then married and located on his father' s farm in Hamilton Township, where 
 he remained one year. March 22, 1862, he moved to where he now lives and 
 has since resided on this place; has made a great many improvements, and built 
 a large bam and addition to his house. Dming the war he was troubled a 
 great deal by the rebels, but succeeded in saving his horses from being taken by 
 hiding them in the bushes. In January, 1861, he married Elizabeth (Snider) 
 Musselman, and four children were born to this union : Martin S. , John F. , 
 David and Eliza. Mis. Dice died August 8, 1881. Mr. Dice owns 165 acres 
 of land, where he now lives, 191 acres in Hamilton Towmship, also 128 acres, 
 and seventy-two acres of mountain land. He has held the office of school 
 director, assistant assessor, auditor, etc. , and is an intelligent and enterpris- 
 ing citizen. He has erected good buildings on all his farms. 
 
 ABRAHAM R. HOOVER, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Chambersburg, 
 was born in Letterkenny Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , April 19, 1846, a 
 son of Henry O. and Lydia (Rabuck) Hoover, natives of Pennsylvania and of 
 German descent. His grandfather, Christian Hoover, born in Lancaster 
 County, Penn. , came to Franklin County in an early day and settled in Let- 
 terkenny Township, where he purchased a farm and followed agricultural pur- 
 suits until his death in 1867. He was- a minister and bishop of the River 
 Brethren denomination for many years. Our subject's gi-eat- grandfather came 
 from Germany to America when quite a young man, and his father was born 
 near Pleasant Hall, where he remained with his parents some years after ar- 
 riving at manhood. He then moved to Lurgan Township, where he still re- 
 sides and owns a farm of 200 acres. Abraham R. was reared on the farm 
 and remained with his parents until twenty-two years of age, when he married 
 and settled on the homestead farm and remained ten years. In 1878 he moved 
 to where he now lives, and owns 271 acres of clear land and sixty-six acres of 
 mountain laud, and has made all the improvements since living here, except 
 building the house. In May, 1882, he engaged in the dairy business and has 
 smee conducted it. He keeps from twenty-five to thirty-five cows and young 
 stock, manufactures butter, cheese, etc., and has a ready sale for all he can 
 make for the home trade. He manufactures about 140 pounds of butter and 
 150 pounds of cheese a week, which is of the very best quality. He also deals 
 in poultry, having a very extensive poultry house, getting from 125 to 135 eggs 
 a day during the egg season. He also deals extensively in swine and stock of 
 J^^^ .Mr. Hoover married, August 22, 1867, Mary, daughter of Henry 
 and Catherine Clippinger, and seven children were bom to this union, five of 
 
 MrT Tm a^'t.^^'^ ^•' ^"^^^ ^^ Henry C, Isaac S. and Anthony H. 
 Mj and Mrs. A. E. Hoover, were married on a rainy day and took the early 
 train at Shippensburg; thence to Monmouth, lU. ; thence to Burlington Iowa, 
 and In^ana and were absent eight weeks. Eetuming home, m. Hoove^ 
 settled down to work at which he has since remained. Mr. and Mrs. Hoover 
 are members of the United Brethren Church, of which he is superintendent of 
 i^^e Sunday-school, trustee and class leader. w""""!- "^ 
 
LETTERKENNY TOWNSHIP. 813 
 
 HEILMAN S. HUBER, farmer and stock raiser, P. O. Chambersburg, 
 was born in Lebanon County, Penn., April 10, 1837, a son of John and Mary 
 (Heilman) Huber, natives of Lebanon County, and of German descent. His 
 great-grandfather was the first of his ancestors to settle in Franklin County, 
 over 100 years ago. The house is still standing which he erected, and bears 
 date 1798. It is built of stone, two stories in height, with eight rooms. The 
 barn is also standing, built of solid stone. He took up about 400 acres of 
 land, and traded a gun to the Indians for the farm on which our subject now 
 resides, because there was a spring of water on it. This farm next passed into 
 the hands of our subject's grandfather, Benjamin, who married a Miss Risser, 
 bought the property and lived on it until 1845, when he sold it to his son John, 
 and moved to a small fartU adjoining, where he resided until his death. Our 
 subject's father lived on the farm until the spring of 1868, when he moved to 
 Chambersburg, where he has since lived a retired life. He owned at one time 
 250 acres of good land. Heilman S. was reared in Lebanon County until eight 
 years of age, when he moved with his parents to Franklin County, who settled 
 where he now lives. He remained with them until he was thirty years of age, 
 when his father moved to town, and our subject then took the place and farmed 
 it on shares for -eight years, but had previously bought one-half. He lived on 
 the old homestead until the spring of 1876, when he moved to where he now 
 resides, and where he had previously erected a large, two-story, brick build- 
 ing and barn at a cost of about $5,000. It is beautifully located with neat 
 surroundings. Mr. Huber owns 250 acres, and knows how to farm to make 
 money. He employs four regular farm hands, and has three sets of buildings 
 on the farm in which his employes live. He deals in fine graded stock very 
 extensively, raising horses and cattle, selling ofP in the spring and buying again 
 in the fall. He was married, February 28, 1868, to Amanda Plough, daugh- 
 ter of Jacob Plough, and four children were born to their union, one living, 
 Harry H. The family attend the services of the United Brethren Church. Mr. 
 Huber is one of the prominent men of the county, and a substantial farmer. 
 In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN B. KAUFMAN. (See biography under Chambersburg, page 655. ) 
 WILLIAM S. KEEFER, farmer, P. O. Keefers, was born in Letterkenny 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., December 22, 1825, a son of DeWalt and Re- 
 becca (Beard) Keefer, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German and Scotch- 
 Irish descent, respectively. Oui- subject's great-grandfather, Abraham Keefer, 
 was bom in Darmstadt, Germany, which country he left with four sons for 
 America, arriving in Berks County, Penn., with three sons (one having died 
 on the passage out), and there resided until his death. Subject's grandfather, 
 Christian Keefer, was bom in Berks County, Penn. , but moved to this county 
 when about twenty-one years of age. He and his brother, DeWalt, settled at 
 Strasburg, which they named after the German city. He laid off the town, 
 sold the lots, but followed farming himself. He also fought in the Revolution, 
 having held some commission in the service. In 1811 he nioved to where Cy- 
 rus T. Keefernow lives, and with his brother, Abraham, bought 1,000 acres of 
 land, and as their sons grew up it was divided into six farms, which were given 
 to the sons. Oar subject's father,, DaWalt, was given the homestead, where 
 he lived until his death. He was quite a prominent man and held a number of 
 the township offices, serving as county commissioner one term. He owned 
 three farms, amounting to 800 acres, and died in 1866. William S. was born 
 and reared on the farm where his brother Cyrus now lives. He was the eldest 
 of the family, and remained at home until thirty years of age, when he moved 
 to where he now resides, and pirchased 214 acres of cleared land and 150 
 
814: BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 acres of timber. He now owns another farm of 138 acres, known as the Kar- 
 per farm, in Letterkenny Township, and a tract of 10,000 acres in Hardy 
 County, Va. , nearly all timber of an excellent kind, principally pine ; there are 
 also some fine grazing fields. Mr. Keefer is one of the prominent men of the 
 county, and served as enrolling officer for three years and a half. May 14, 
 1852, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Hannah (Reed) Eberly. 
 To this union four children were born, two now living: Jacob K., married to 
 Miss Immell, and AnnaE., wife of Clayton Keefer. Mrs. Keefer died in 1865, 
 and in 1867 Mr. Keefer married Eliza Huber, who bore him four children, 
 three of whom are now living: Elberta, Hileman and Moses. They are 
 all members of the church. The Keefers were among the early settlers of 
 Franklin County, the Indians being still numerous when the grandparents 
 came here. In 1877 Mr. Keefer and his brother-in-law, H. S. Huber, began 
 importing heavy draft horses. Their first was a Scotch Clydesdale, and 
 soon after an English cart horse. In 1879 he imported a Suffolk Punch 
 horse, which has taken the premium at the State fair held at Philadelphia and 
 every other fair at which he was entered. The agricultural report of the State 
 fair of 1884 says: "To the stallion 'Tip Top,' owned by W. S. Keefer, of 
 Chambersburg, Penn., was awarded the first prize as well as the highest 
 award for the best throe colts on exhibition, under four years, the get of ' Tip 
 Top. ' This magnificent horse, brought over by Charles Board, of England, 
 in 1879, and shown at the first exhibition of the society in the main Centennial 
 Building in that year, now returns, after having received his development, to 
 «laim the first honors of his class." 
 
 CYRUS T. KEEFER, farmer, P. O. Keefers, was born in Letterkenny 
 Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , on the place where he now resides, Octo- 
 -ber 4, 1830, a son of De Walt Keefer. (For ancestral history, see sketch of 
 W. S. Keefer. ) He is the fourth in a family of nine children, five of whom 
 are now living: William S., Mary J., Cyrus T., Isaac and Augustus. Our 
 subject was reared on the homestead, yhere he remained until the age of 
 twenty-seven years, when he married and bought the farm where F. Dice 
 now lives, consisting of 154 acres, and on which he resided for six years. He 
 .then traded it for another farm, where his brother, William S. , now lives, and 
 Tesided on it three years. In the spring of 1866 he moved to the homestead 
 farm, where he now lives and where he has since remained, and owns 184 acres 
 of the tract. May 6, 1856, he married Lydia A, Britton, and six children 
 have blessed this union: William B., Ida E. (wife of John S. Immell), 
 Grant Dewalt, Mary J., Cyrus E. and Carrie G. Mr. and Mrs. Keefer and 
 children are members of the Reformed Church. He has served as school di- 
 rector one term. During the civil war he was excused from service. He was 
 ^ TA-J^^ T^^^ ^ '^^ Legislature from the county of Franklin in 1886. 
 
 JAMES P. KELL. farmer, P. O. Upper Strasburg, was born in Letter- 
 SS^°^'^! P'.-*^'" ^."l""^^' ^^bruaiy 7, 1852, a son of James and Eliza 
 ^^^^ I ' f*t7«^of Pennsylvania and of German descent. The grand- 
 
 vtrf ' y.TT\ ?n^ ^°i®i ^^"""^ ^"^ ™^J^«* °o^ '•esides, for a number of 
 years but later followed farming. Subject's father was born in Strasburg, 
 
 lived o^-^^llh "^T^ *T *^^ ^^""^ ^^^"^ ^^ ^^« ^bout three years old and 
 dlafh H« i ■ ■ ^^"'f v^- i^'^^i'^^d with hi^ parents until his father's 
 
 WUliam?,^! . r'!^^''^^''^'^°°*^^ ^''^^^ *«^-°^' ^o^ ^^ property of 
 ZuJiZr wte'' ?' *'^V ^!r- ^^^^'^ber 21, 1876, he married Martha 
 m^ afd M^ T. n ""^ ^T **'"!" "^^''^'^^^^ Frederick, Alice and James R. 
 Present s^^lS.r Tv''";? f*-*^" Methodist Episcopal Church. He is at 
 tC^Wh ^ 4^rK ^^ '^'^""H ^^^ *™^*«^' «1^^« l«^der and steward of 
 
 t e church in Strasburg. He owns 117 acres of land where he lives. 
 
LETTEEKENNY TOWNSHIP. 815 
 
 DAVID SCHLEICHTER (deceased) was born in Lancaster County, 
 Penn., April 8, 1784, a son of John and Barbara Schleichter, of German 
 descent. He was the eldest in a family of five children: David, Elizabeth, 
 John, Catherine and Jacob, all of whom are deceased. When David was quite 
 young his parents moved to this county and settled on the place now occupied 
 by John Myers, where the father bought a farm, built a cabin and lived for 
 some years. Indians were then very numerous, as also were wild animals, the 
 howling of wolves being often heard around the cabin. The father served as 
 a soldier in the Eevolution under Washington, and died in 1802 on the farm 
 now occupied by Jacob Lidig. His widow died in 1838 aged eighty years. 
 He was one of the first settlers in this county, and endured all the privations 
 of pioneer life. David, our subject, was a cooper, which trade he followed in 
 early life, and was eighteen years of age at his father's death. In 1816 he 
 bought the farm where his daughters now live, and built on and improved it 
 imtU it is now one of the finest farms in Letterkenny Township. The land 
 was patented and contained 278 acres, which was divided into three farms. 
 He married Catharine, daughter of Nicklas Ashway (died in 1814), and she died 
 April 21, 1837, aged forty -four years. He was the father of four sons and four 
 daughters: William (deceased), John (married to Elizabeth Brubaker), Bar- 
 bara, Catherine (deceased, her death being caused by injuries received in a 
 runaway), David (deceased), Leah, George N. (deceased) and Mary J. Bar- 
 bara, Leah and Mary J. all live together on the homestead and own 293 acres. 
 These three sisters have made many improvements on the place, and have a 
 fine house and barn, which they built since their father' s death. Too much 
 -cannot be said in praise of their enterprise. They have accumulated quite a 
 fortune and live in ease and comfort. Our subject died September 3, 1868, 
 beloved by all who knew him. He was a large landholder, having owned four 
 large farms in Letterkenny Township. He was drafted in the war of 1812, 
 but paid a fine and did not enter the service. He remembered seeing, when a 
 little boy, George Washington at Strasburg. 
 
 DAVID SLICHTEE, Jk. (deceased), was bom November 25, 1814, in 
 Letterkenny Township, this county. His father, David Slichter, Sr. , was a 
 representative citizen of the county and highly respected. Our subject was 
 •educated in his native county and followed farming. June 10, 1848, he mar- 
 ried Miss Mary Jane Croft, a daughter of Abraham and Catherine (Boss) 
 €roft, natives of this county. The grandfather, David Croft, was born on the 
 3d of August, 1765, and settled in Hamilton Township, this county, near 
 Emanuel Church, where he died December 18, 1845, aged eighty years, four 
 months and fifteen days. His son, Abraham Croft, was born on the same place, 
 where he also died April 16, 1885. He was well known, and respected for 
 his honesty; was eighty-three years old at the time of his death, and had never 
 been on a moving train. To our subject and wife the following named chil- 
 dren were born: William Croft, Edgar Franklin, Emma Catherine, Charlotte 
 Rebecca and Minnie May. Two weeks after marriage Mr. Slichter moved to 
 the farm where his widow now resides. The place where he died contained 
 160 acres, and he also owned thirty acres in another tract and 220 acres in 
 Bear Valley; he died February 19, 1878. He was a contributing member of 
 the United Brethren Church. Politically he was a Democrat, and was well and 
 favorably known. Mrs. Mary Jane (Croft) Slichter is a member of the United 
 Brethren denomination. One of the children, Charlotte E., is the wife of 
 David J. Eife, who resides on the homestead, and carries on farming; they 
 have one child, Edgar Brallier Eife. 
 
 DAVID B. WINEMAN, farmer, P. O. Upper Strasburg, was born m 
 
816 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Metal Township, Franklin Co., Penn., Febraary 14, 1845, a son of Matthew 
 and Catherine (Bock) Wineman, the former a native of Wittenberg, GeiTaany, 
 and the latter of Waynesboro, Penn. When Matthew was two years old 
 he left Germany with his parents, and after a voyage of nine months arrived 
 in America. They located in Path Valley, Metal Township, this county, where 
 the father (onr subject's grandfather) had a large vineyard. He died at the 
 age of ninety-one years, and used to tell how, when a resident of Germany, 
 he had seen Napoleon' s army pass through his native tovm on its way to Mos- 
 cow. Matthew was reared in Metal Township until 1864, when he moved to 
 Letterkenny Township, where he lived until 1874, then moved to Cumberland 
 County, where he still resides, now seventy-two years of age. He was the 
 father of nine children, seven of whom are now living: Elizabeth, vrife of 
 Wilson Hockenberry; Catherine, wife of Abraham Kaufman; Mary; Nancy, 
 wife of John McCallan; Maggie, wife of John Trot (they reside in Kan- 
 sas); Sarah, wife of Solomon Brake, and David B. G-eorge was killed at 
 Gettysburg, July 4, 1863. He had enlisted in 1861 for Qiree years, and 
 had participated in some of the hardest fought battles of the war. David 
 B. was reared on the farm and remained with his parents until twenty-five 
 years of age, when he married and settled on the farm of sixty-five acres 
 where he has since lived. In October, 1869, his marriage took place with. 
 Sarah B. Kaufman, who has borne him five children, three living: John, 
 Jacob and Jennie (twins). Maggie and Abraham are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Wineman are members of the German Baptist denomination. He is exten- 
 sively engaged in gardening and also in trucking. He served as treasurer 
 three terms, assessor one term, and school director three years; has been dea- 
 con of his church and is now minister, having been elected such by the voice 
 of his church in May, 1879, and is still serving. 
 
 KEV. GEORGE R. ZACHAEIAS, farmer, P. O. Upper Strasburg, was 
 born in the city of Reading, Penn., September 20, 1823, a son of George and 
 Mary (Siedel) Zacharias, natives of Pennsylvania and of German-French de- 
 scent. His great-grandfather was bom in Alsace (then in France), immi- 
 grated to America when in the prime of life, and located near Reading, wher» 
 he followed farming until his death. Our subject's grandfather also born in 
 Reading, was a farmer, owning two farms, and died there in 1829 of lockjaw. 
 Subject's father, George, was born in Reading and remained with his parents, 
 until he became of age, when he served two years at the miller's trade, at 
 which he afterward worked three years. He then married Mary Siedel, moved 
 to Reading and carried on distilling about four years; he then moved to Union 
 Township, Berks County, near Mount Airy, where he was four years engaged 
 in farming. He then bought a property along the mountain and engaged in 
 the manufacture of iron for eighteen years; then moved back to Reading, 
 where he resided two years; then to a farm near that city, where he died in 
 1862. He was the father of ten children, five living: George R. ; John, a 
 resident of Wisconsin; Henrietta, Elizabeth and Caroline. He and his wife 
 were consistent members of the church, he of the German Reformed and she of 
 ae Lutheran. Our subject was about two years old when his parents moved 
 from Readmg and he remained with them until twenty-one years of age, when he 
 started m life for himself. He attended Marshall College, Mercersburg, for 
 SIX years, taking the regular course and graduating in 1852. He studied with 
 a view of fitting himself for the ministry, but his health failed and he returned 
 nome, where -he remained one year engaged in boat building. He then began, 
 to leam the trade of machinist, but the firm with which he was engaged, 
 tailed and he had to give up after six months. In 1854 he went west and after 
 
LUKGAN TOWNSHIP. 817 
 
 traveling a good deal located in Hardin County, Iowa, and engaged for three 
 years at the carpenter's trade and erected several buildings on the frontier. 
 At that time he says game and wild animals were very numerous, and pan- 
 thers used to howl around his house. This structure was 8x6 feet, six feet 
 high, boarded on three sides with slabs, and having the fourth side made of 
 prairie hay. Mr. Zacharias traveled in the West until he had no money left. 
 Stopping one night at a place he got work, and when he left the State he. 
 owned 1,400 acres of land and thirty town lots, and had $400 in money. Re- 
 turning home he again entered the seminary at Mercersburg and remained 
 eighteen months, but his health again failed and he returned home. In 1860 he 
 was ordained in to ministry of the German Reformed Church, moved to Stras- 
 bui'g and preached two years; he then married and located where he now re- 
 sides and where he bought 226 acres of land. May 7, 1863, he married Mary 
 E. (Speck) Bigler, who has borne him two children, twins: Sarah E. and 
 Rosa B. Mr. and Mrs. Zacharias and family are members of the German Re- 
 formed Church. He owned 180 acres adjoining Strasburg, which he sold. 
 He now owns a house and lot in Strasburg^ they live on a farm within a mile 
 of that place. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 LURGAN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 DAVID BEAM, farmer, P. O. Mowersville, was born December 11, 1828, 
 in Adams County, Penn. , eldest son of Samuel Beam, a native of Lancaster- 
 County, Penn. , who married Christina Cashman, by whom he had eight chil- 
 dren: David, Samuel, George P., Susan C, Mary J., Sarah, Rosana and Su- 
 sana (twins). Our subject was reared on a farm and has since followed agricult- 
 ural pursuits. October 12, 1854, he married Susan, born in Adams County, 
 Penn., June 28, 1827, a daughter of Jacob and Susan (Patterson) Cashman, 
 the former a son of William Cashman, and the latter a daughter of Samuel 
 Patterson. The Cashmans are of German descent; the Pattersons of Scotch- 
 Irish. After Mr. Beam's marriage he lived one year in that county, when he 
 removed to Cumberland, where he farmed two years. He then came to this 
 county, and followed agriculture seventeen years for Mrs. Reybuck, and in, 
 1880 located on the farm he now owns, and which was formerly a part of the- 
 Daniel Snoke farm. Mr. Beam, by careful industry, has secured a good 
 home. He is the father of five children: Sylvester E., Luther, Prisoilla, 
 LUlie B. and Maggie. Luther is a farmer in Cumberland County; Priscilla is 
 the wife of John Kohn, residing in this township; Lillie B. resides in Path 
 Valley, the wife of Thos. Hammond; Maggie is the wife of Jerry Clippinger of 
 this county. Mr. Beam is a Republican and a member of the United Brethren 
 Church. 
 
 JOHN BRECKENRIDGE, merchant, Roxbury, was bom October 7, 
 1838, in Culbertson's Row, Southampton Township, this county, and waa 
 reared in this township. His father, Joseph, also a native of Southampton 
 Township, was a son of John Breckenridge. Subject's mother's maiden name 
 was Nancy Machon, and both sides of the family are of Scotch-Irish descent. 
 John Breckenridge, a farmer by occupation, when a young man served; 
 in the Revolution, and was also a soldier in the war of 1812. He died 
 in 1842. His children were as follows: Joseph, Martha, Elizabeth and Mary, 
 
m^ BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Martha became the wife of Hon. John Orr; Elizabeth became the wife of John 
 Johnson; Mary became the wife of James Brown, of Cumberland County. 
 John came to this township when three years of age, and was reared on a 
 farm. September 16, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Third Pennsylvania 
 Cavalry, served three Tears and was honorably discharged December 16, 1864. 
 He was 'in the following battles: First battle of WiUiamsburg; Savage Station, 
 where he was orderly for Gen. Hooker on the seven days' fight; South Moun- 
 tain, Antietam, Fredricksburg, Chancerlorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, 
 Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor and Petersburg. After his return home he en- 
 gaged in butchering in Mowersville; then moved to Koxbury and served three 
 years as constable. In the spring of 1868 he married Melinda C. Zellers, a 
 native of Cincinnati, a daughter of Dr. Zellers, and afterward moved to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he resided two years. He has three children: William, Zenia 
 End Nora. Mrs. Breckenridge had one brother, Louis, who served in the civil 
 War. Our subject returned to Mowersville in August, 1873, served as consta- 
 ble, and then removed to Roxbury in 1875, and carried the mail one year 
 from Boxbury to Dry Bun, serving as constable in the meantime. He then 
 engaged in merchandising at this place until the spring of 1886. He is a 
 Democrat; has served as auditor six years, constable five years and is now su- 
 pervisor. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., No. 262; I. O. O. F., No. 
 562; McAllister Encampment; K. of P., No. 262, Lockland, Ohio, and also of 
 the American Mechanics. 
 
 HENBY CLIPPTNGEB, retired farmer, P. O. Mowersville, was born 
 here on the homestead farm, now owned by Adam Reese, April 25, 1819. His 
 father, Henry Clippinger, was born in Northampton County, and came to Ship- 
 pensburg when sixteen years of age with his father, Anthony. The latter 
 Bettled in Lurgan Township when his son, Henry, was about thirty years old. 
 Our subject's father married Elizabeth Koontz, and by her had eight sons and 
 two daughters, viz. : Margaret (deceased), Elias (deceased), Daniel (deceased), 
 Solomon, residing in Newburg; Elizabeth, residing near Chambersburg, the 
 wife of John Zook; Henry; Anthony (deceased); Peter, a resident of Florida; 
 John in Hopewell Township, Cumberland County, and Jacob in Monmouth, 
 111. Henry remained on the homestead until he was nineteen years of age, 
 then removed with his father to the place he now owns, known as the Withrow 
 farm. He was married here, in 1844, to Catherine Hollar, daughter of Henry 
 and Catherine (Cormany) Hollar, the latter a daughter of Jacob C. Cormany; 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Clippinger eight children were born, viz. : Mary C. , wife of 
 Abraham Hoover, residing near Chambersburg; Ann E., wife of John Mower 
 of Mowersville; Martha J., wife of C. M. Fickes; Eeuben T., a resident of this 
 township; Josephine K., deceased wife of Samuel Fouse; Silas A., in this 
 township; Emma M., wife of William Hefflefinger of Newville, and Samuel 
 E. , a traveling salesman. Mr. Clippinger was actively engaged in farming 
 Until 1873, when he made a sale and has since rented his farm. He is a direct- 
 or of the L organ Mutual Fire Insurance Company and was one of its charter 
 members. He is a member of the Church of God in Newburg. Politically he 
 is a Prohibitionist, though formerly a Republican. He has filled some offices 
 of trust in the township. 
 
 DANIEL COVER, farmer, P. O. Lurgan, was born in Hopewell Town- 
 ship, Cumberland Co., Penn., February 1, 1825. the eldest son of John and 
 Elizabeth (Null) Cover, latter of whom is now (1886) eighty-four years old. John 
 Cover was born October 16, 1802, in this township; his father, Abram Cover, 
 •came from the lower counties and finally settled in this county. Mrs. Elizabeth 
 (Null) Cover's father was Jacob Null, who married Elizabeth Mowery. They 
 
LUBGAN TOWNSHIP. 819 
 
 reared four sons and two daughters: George, John, Jacob, William, Elizabeth 
 -and Jane, all of whom reared families. Abram Cover, the grandsire of Daniel, 
 married Elizabeth Woods, of Scotch-Irish extraction; he and his wife reared 
 six sons and two daughters: John, Abram, William, David, Jacob, Hugh, 
 Polly and Elizabeth. John, the father of Daniel, followed distilling for many 
 years, but finally gave his attention to farming. He removed to Cumberland 
 County, where he lived a few years and then returned to this county and died 
 ■during the war ; his widow is yet living. He reared a family of seven sons and 
 one daughter: Daniel, William, John, Jacob, Joseph, Hugh and Zachariah 
 -and Jane. When our subject was about ten years of age he came to this county 
 with his parents; remained at home until the age of twenty-four years and 
 taught school several years. He married, October 11, 1848, Elizabeth Grove, 
 who was born in Southampton Township, Penn., July 20, 1830, a daughter of 
 Abraham and Catherine (Gabel) Grove. After marriage Mr. Cover lived one 
 year in Cumberland County, and then returned and has since been a constant 
 resident of this township and Southampton ; located on his present farm at the 
 close of the war, near the Center Church, having 140 acres. The farm was 
 formerly the Grove farm, and on it Mr. Cover has put many improvements. 
 To him and his wife were born eleven children, eight of whom lived to be grown: 
 MaryE., wife of John M. Michael, of Letterkenny Township; John A., who 
 resides near South Bend, Ind. ; William A., merchandising in Southampton; 
 Sarah C. , wife of W. A. Baer, partner with William A. in the store at Mongul ; 
 Daniel E., who resides in Jacksonville, Cumberland ' Co. , a tinner; Joseph 
 D., who can-ies on the homestead; George M., who met with a sad fate on 
 June 12 near the homestead — he was frightfully mangled by a circular saw, 
 resulting in his death the day following— he was a member of the United 
 Brethren Church, highly esteemed in the community, and met his fate with 
 resignation and fortitude; and Isaac B., the youngest. Mr. and Mrs. Cover 
 are members of the United Brethren Church, of which he is one of the trustees, 
 and superintendent of the Sabbath-school. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 HUGH C. COVER, proprietor of the Roxbury Hotel and mail agent, 
 Eoxbury, was born in this township, May 22, 1844, the seventh child and 
 fifth son of John and Elizabeth (Null) Cover. August 8, 1861, he enlisted in 
 Company H, Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served out the time of his en- 
 listment—three years. He then re-enlisted, became a veteran, and served 
 until the close of the war, pai-ticipating in all the engagements of his regiment. 
 He returned from the service without a scratch, and his comrades say of him 
 that ' ' he was as good a soldier as ever straddled a horse. ' ' On his return 
 home he turned his attention to farming pursuits. In the fall of 1866 he mar- 
 ried Anna M. Nickles, bom in Letterkenny Township, this county, August 
 27, 1849, a daughter of William and Catherine (Myers) Nickles. William 
 Nickles came from Germany to this county in 1827, and engaged in milling; 
 afterward turned his attention to farming, and finally moved to Shippensburg. 
 He was born August 25, 1803, and his wife, Catherine, March 7, 1813. She 
 died in 1884. They reared a family of eight children. After marriage our 
 subject moved to near Orrstown, Southampton Township, where he remained 
 until the fall of 1876, when he came to Roxbury, where he has since resided. 
 For sixteen years he has been mail agent. He took a contract in 1870 to run 
 the mail between Shippensburg and Upper Strasburg, and this he continued to 
 do for six years. In 1876, upon his arrival here, he ran the line from Ship- 
 pensburg to Dry Run for four years; then took a contract from Roxbury to 
 Dry Run, which he has since conducted. In 1879 he took charge of the Lur- 
 gan Hotel (licensed), which he has since conducted with credit to himself and 
 
820 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 to the satisfaction of his guests. He has nine children: Clarietta, William H.^ 
 Maggie C, Hugh A., Mary J., Izora E., John C, George R. and Malind E. 
 Mr. Cover is a sound Democrat, a member of Pomeroy Post, G. A. E. , No. 
 295. He served as constable at Strasburg. He and family are connected with 
 the Lutheran Church. 
 
 JOSIAH FICKES, farmer, P. O. Eoxbury, was born May 12, '1812, at, 
 York Springs, Huntington Township, Adams Co., Penn., a son of Daniel 
 Fickes, whose father, John Fickes, Esquire, was the founder of York Springs. 
 The Fickes family are of German descent. The great-grandfather of our sub- 
 ject came from Germany prior to the Eevolutionary period, and settled in what 
 is now Adams County. He was by trade a weaver, and later followed farm- 
 ing. He was shot by an Indian while plowing. His wife was out in the field 
 and saw the murder of her husband. She had with her a little dog, and hid 
 in a hollow log; fearing the dog would bark and reveal her hiding-place, she 
 placed her apron over its head, and though the Indians passed over the log 
 they failed to find her. Esquire Fickes reared a family of six sons and four 
 daughters, all of whom settled in this portion of the State and reared large 
 families. Josiah's mother, wee Margaret Albert, was a daughter of John 
 Albert, and she and her husband reared seven children to maturity. Their 
 names are John, Mary, Jacob, Moses, Josiah, George, Gibson — all now deceased, 
 except Josiah. All settled in Adams County, Penn. , and engaged in farming, 
 except Jacob, who was a blacksmith. Josiah was reared a farmer and remained, 
 at home until he was twenty-five years of age, working for his father. Octo- 
 ber 31, 1837, he married Elizabeth Ann, daughter of David and Ollie (Bercaw) 
 Demaree, former a tanner by trade. Her grandfather came from France, and 
 her grandmother Bercaw from Wales. After marriage he cropped for about, 
 ten years, and then purchased a farm at York Springs, and remained here- 
 until the spring of 1857, when he came to Lurgan Township, having here pur- 
 chased a farm the fall previous. He has been quite successful in his business, 
 now owning three large farms, two in this township and one in Letterkenny- 
 Township, and very desirable property in Orrstown, Southampton Township. 
 He has reared a family of nine children, many of whom are widely scattered:-. 
 David, resides in Iowa City; Calvin, in this township; Cidonia C, in Kansas, 
 wife of Chas. Kinen; Anna, wife of James H. Maclay, in this township; Will- 
 iam, in Chicago; Mary E., in Southampton Township, the wife of C. McCol- 
 lough; Martha E., wife of T. J. McCollough, in Southampton Townships 
 Alberta J., single, at home, and John A., in San Francisco, Cal. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Fickes are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a Democrat, and. 
 has served in nearly all the offices of the township. When the county stood 
 400 majority Eepublican, he was nominated for commissioner, and came within 
 one vote of being elected. He also was nominated as director of the poor. 
 He has never sought office, but suffered his name to be used under protest. 
 
 JAMES F. GEYEE, merchant, Mowersville, was bom in Horse Valley, in 
 Letterkenny Township, this county, September 8, 1858, the second son of 
 David and Leah (Leedy) Geyer, the latter bom February 19, 1835, in this 
 county, a daughter of Jacob Leedy, a soldier in the Mexican war. David 
 Geyer was a native of Path Valley, this county, bom October 25, 1811, a son 
 of John Geyer, and died April 15, 1872. To Mr. and Mrs. David Geyer werfr 
 born three sons and five daughters, now living: George W., James F., Ida 
 M., Jacob A., Alice v., AnnaB., Jennette C. and Lillie. Alice V. and Ida 
 M. are deceased. Our siibject was brought up on the farm, of which he and 
 his brother George took charge after the death of their father. November 1, 
 I88U, our subject opened up a store in the hotel building, and carried on the. 
 
LUEGAN TOWNSHIP. 821 
 
 business until April 1, 1885. He then sold the goods to his brother George, 
 and removed to Strasburg, where he built a house. After a year's residence 
 here he came to Mowersville in March, 1886, and engaged in business. He 
 formed a partnership with McClellan Miller, under the firm name of Geyer & 
 Miller (they succeeded Frehn & Colomon). They carry a stock of general 
 merchandise, and are doing a good business. Mr. Geyer was commissioned 
 postmaster in April, 1886. He is uumarried. In politics he is a Democrat 
 and a member of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 MACLAYS OF LURGAN. " The history of the Maclays is one which 
 we doubt if any family in the State can produce the like. They have been hon- 
 ored with high positions, but none of these were bestowed unworthily; their 
 talents, transmitted from generation to generation, merited each. A list of all 
 the of&oes to which they were appointed by Government or elected by the peo- 
 ple can not be made but a partial one shows two members of the family were 
 judges; twoeerved terms in the United States Senate; two served three sessions 
 in the House of Eepresentatives of Congress; six were members of the Legisla- 
 ture of Pennsylvania for twleve years, and twelve and more county offices were 
 filled by them. Three were soldiers; two fell while fighting bravely in the wars 
 for the liberty of America, and one displayed the greatest heroism by contend- 
 ing desperately against the foe after being galled with fearful wounds. In all 
 these preferments their course of action was determined by a high sense of pa- 
 triotism and marked by the sternest principles of right and justice. Not the 
 slightest discredit was ever cast upon one of them, either while serving as offi- 
 cers of government or as private citizens, and their descendants can reflect upon 
 their lives and deeds with a pride not unjustified and stimulated not falsely. 
 Tenure of office was not accompanied with vain glory, and they returned to 
 private life with the unaffected simplicity of manner they had always maintained. 
 By marriage they acquired an extensive connection with some of the most promi- 
 nent families of the State, many of whose members were eminent as jurists 
 and legislators. Their genealogical tree has many branches, and each has 
 borne rich fruit, though none surpasses those bearing the Maolay name. 
 
 "The first member of the family of whom we have any record. was Charles 
 Maclay, Baron Fingal. Charles Maclayi , by his first marriage, had three sons. 
 The name of his wife has not come down to us. By this wife their issue was: 
 ^I) Oweii, an officer in the army of James II, followed the fortunes of that royal 
 personage, remained a bachelor and died in France; (II) Charles, an officer in 
 the same army (was killed in a duel with a French officer in Dublin); (III) 
 Henry, also an officer in the royal army (fell in the battle of Boyne, 1690). 
 Charles 1 by a second marriage with a Miss Hamilton, a Scotch Protestant, had 
 but one child, a son called John. Johni had three children: (I) Eleanor (mar- 
 ried Mr. Johnston; they remained in Ireland); (II) Charles 3, born in 1703 
 (married Eleanor Query), and (III) John^, born in 1707 (married Janet McDon- 
 ald). Charles Maclay* (John 2, Charles^), born in 1703 in Ireland, married 
 Eleanor Query in 1733. Charles and his brother John (married to Janet Mc- 
 Donald) sailed for America May 30, 1734. Both families had young children, 
 one fourteen months old and the other twenty days. Both were sons, called 
 John. 
 
 " It is stated that Owen Maclay, son of Charles Maclay, Baron Fingal (by 
 his first wife), returning from France, desired to take Charles( his nephew), to 
 that country and educate him, and let him know what estates belonged to him; 
 in case of a revolution he could lay claim to estates and title. The father of 
 Charles would not consent without a guarantee that his son would be brought 
 up in the Protestant faith. To this Owen would not accede, returned to France 
 
g22 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and dying left estates, etc., to strangers. Among the earliest settlers of 
 HopeweU Township, Chester County, now known as Lurgan Township, Frank- 
 lin County, were the two brothers, Charles and John, both natives of Antrim 
 County, Ireland, who, with their descendants, took an active and influential 
 part in the executive councils of their State and Nation.. 
 
 "Charles married in Ireland, in 1733, Eleanor Query, daughter of William 
 Query of the County of Antrim, Ireland. They sailed for America May, 1734. 
 Their children were (I) John, born in 1734, married Jane Dickson. (II) Will- 
 iam, born in 1737, married Mary Harris. (Ill) Charles, bom in 1739, mar- 
 ried Mary Templeton. (IV) Samuel, bom in 1741, married Elizabeth Plunket. 
 (V) Eleanor, bom in 1750, married John Maclay. 
 
 " John Maclays (John^ Charlesi), bom in 1707, inlreland, married Janet 
 McDonald. They came to America with Charles and his wife in 1734. They 
 had issue: (I) Jno., bom 1748, married Eleanor Maclay. (II) Charles, bora 
 1750; went to the war in 1777 with one hundred men all six feet in height. At 
 the battle of Crooked Billet, May, 1778, he Was killed with most of his com- 
 pany, who refused to surrender. The killed and wounded were gathered by 
 the enemy, thrown into a heap, covered with straw and fired. Thus perished 
 some of the bravest spirits of the Cumberland Valley. (Ill) Elizabeth, born 
 1752, married Col. Samuel Culbertson. Their descendants include Rev. 
 James Culbertson, of Zanesville, Ohio. Their daughter, Mrs. Jno. Rhea, thfr 
 widow of Gen. Rhea, who was a member of Congress from Pennsylvania for 
 several sessions. 
 
 "Jno. Maclay* (Charles^, Jno. 2, Charlesi), born 1734 in Ireland, just 
 twenty days prior to the sailing of his parents for America. His parents first 
 settled in New Garden, Chester County. After living eight or ten years 
 there, moved to Lurgan, Franklin Co. , Penn. Jno. married Jane Dickson, 
 December, 1755, daughter of David Dickson and Catherine Greenlee. The 
 Dickson family, also Greenlee's, came to America with the Maclays in 1734. 
 Dicksons and Greenlees, after living some years in Lurgan, moved to North 
 Carolina. Jno. Maclay* was appointed a provincial magistrate in 1760, and a. 
 member of the provincial conference held in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, 
 June 18, 1776 . Afterward served as a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly 
 for several, terms. His ability is attested by the fact that he, one of the set- 
 tlers in the extreme western part of Cumberland County, was chosen by the- 
 people of the more thickly populated eastern portion of the county to repre- 
 sent them also in that conference, which declared that they, on behalf of the 
 people of Pennsylvania, were ' willing to concur in a vote of Congress declaring 
 the United Colonies free and independent States.' Mr. Maclay' s bearing on 
 this occasion probably had much to do with his success in after life, in being 
 appointed to positions of trust and honor. He was much respected for his re- 
 ligious views and manifested his great interest in the affairs of the church by 
 officiating for a long time as a ruling elder in Dr. Cooper's church at Middle 
 Spring. He died at his home, April 4, 1804." The children of Jno. Maclay 
 and Jane Dickson were (I) Charles, born 1757; married Susannah Linn. 
 (11) Catherine, bom 1760; married William Irwin. (Ill) David, born 1762; 
 married first, Eleanor Maclay; secondly, Eleanor Herron. (IV) William^, born 
 1765; married Margaret Culbertson. (V) SamueP, bom 1767; married Marga- 
 ret Snodgrass. (VI) Eleanor, bom 1769; married Capt. David McKnight. 
 (Vn) Jane, bom 1774; died unmarried. (VIII) Jno., born 1776; married 
 Hannah Reynolds. 
 
 "William Maclay 1 (Charles a, Jno.», Charles i), bom in 1787, married 
 Mary Harris, daughter of Jno. Harris, founder of Harrisburg. They had issue. 
 
LUBGAN TOWNSHIP. 823, 
 
 " William, the second eon, was probably the most able of all the sons of 
 Charles Maclay, and was certainly the most highly honored with o£Bcial posi- 
 tion and the widest known. He was born July 20, 1737, and received hia 
 early education from Rev. John Blair, mentioned before. He read law and 
 was admitted to the bar, in York, April 28, 1760, but never practiced his 
 profession, entering, instead, the service of the Penns as deputy surveyor of 
 Bucks County, then embracing the whole northwestern portion of the State. 
 In 1772, when Northumberland County was organized, he was made prothono- 
 tary and clerk of the courts, and after holding these offices for six years he 
 was, in 1781, elected to the Assembly, and from that time forward, as member 
 of the supreme executive council, Indian commissioner, etc, he was a con- 
 trolling factor in molding the Legislature and settling the land titles of Penn- 
 sylvania. His extensive knowledge and great executive ability were fittingly 
 acknowledged in his election, in 1788, to the United States Senate in company 
 with Robert Morris, the great financier of the Revolution, these two being the 
 first senators elected from Pennsylvania. Here, in the Senate, Mr. Maclay 
 achieved a reputation which would have made his name a household word for 
 succeeding generations had not the great Thomas Jefferson, by reason of hia 
 superior training in affairs of state, overshadowed it by the force of his mighty 
 intellect. The principles upon which Jefferson based the political party which 
 now honors him as its founder, were announced to his colleagues and to the 
 country, John Blair Linn asserts, by the speeches and the votes of Mr. Ma- 
 clay while in the Senate and before Jefferson had returned to this country 
 from France. Although only two years in the Senate, so vigorously were hia 
 Democratic ideas propounded that one year after hia retirement from that body 
 the opposition element to the Federalists united under the party name Demo- 
 cracy. "Mr. Maclay, firm in his Democratic opinions, frequently bewailed the 
 troublesome etiquette and formality attendant upon the administration of Pres- 
 ident Washington, and his daily journal testifies to his abhorrence of the 
 state dinners to which he was of necessity compelled to go, and to which he 
 most strenuously objected because of the strict decorum to be observed and the 
 restraint from conversation put upon all on such occasions. Besides indicat- 
 ing his total want of sympathy for the customs which ordained that a ' dead 
 silence ' almost should be observed at a dinner table, his journal conveys a. 
 good idea of the menu. In it he wrote, August 27, 1789, in reference to a 
 dinner at the President's: ' It was a great dinner and the best of the kind I 
 was ever at. The room, however was disagreeably warm. First were soup, 
 fish, roasted and baked meats, gammon, fowl, etc. This was the dinner. The 
 dessert was fruit, apple pies, puddings, etc. ; then ice cream, jelly, etc, ; then 
 watermelons, muskmelons, apples, peaches and nuts. It was the most sol- 
 emn dinner I was ever at.' Mr. Maclay' s great ability and independence of 
 spirit were demonstrated by the fact that only the ablest of the Federalist 
 leaders dared measure swords with him in delJate, and by his objection, plainly 
 stated, to the presence of the President in the Senate during the transaction 
 of business and his outspoken opposition to his policy in the immediate pres- 
 ence of Gen. Washington. Mr. Maclay after his retirement from the Sen- 
 ate served for a session, until his death, April 16, 1804, as a member of the 
 Legislature from Dauphin, to which county he had removed after his marriage, 
 in 1774, to Mary Harris, the daughter of the proprietor of Harrisburg. 
 
 " The children of William Maclay and Mary Harris were (I) Jno. Harris, 
 born in 1770. (II) Elizabeth, born in 1772. (Ill) Eleanor, born in 1774} 
 married William Wallace. (IV) Mary, bom in 1776; married Samuel Awl, 
 (Y) Esther, born in 1778; married Dr. Henry Hall. (VI) Sarah, born in 1781; 
 married Jno. Irwin. (VII) Jean, born in 1783; married Jno. Lyon. 
 
5^24 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Charles Maclay* (Jno.*, Charles^, Jno. S Charlesi), born 1739; married 
 Mary Templeton; left no issue. " Mr. Maclay was very domestic, and enjoyed 
 a quiet life in contrast with his brothers. He was no politician, but spent his 
 time visiting the sick and in doing good. He was a great friend to the In- 
 dians. An incident shows the regard and esteem, or reverence it might be 
 called, in which he was held by them. He was sitting one day on the steps of 
 his home, in contemplation, with his Bible on his knee. Suddenly there 
 emerged from the thick forest in front of him two Indians carrying guns in 
 their hands. It was evident to him the Indians saw him, and it was too late 
 to effect concealment; so, remaining seated, he watched their quiet approach 
 until a spring thirty or forty yards distant was reached. There they halted, 
 with evident signs of not knowing what to do. He beckoned them to approach. 
 They did so, and partook of his hospitality joyously; after which, with signs 
 demonstrative of their gratitude, they retired, and ever after lived on terms of 
 friendship with the kind old gentleman, never allowing any of their tribe to 
 commit depredations on his farm, whilst they were burning houses all around 
 him. He died September 8, 1834, ninety-six years of age." 
 
 Samuel Maclay (Jno. *, Charles^, Jno. ^, Charles^), born in 1741; married 
 Elizabeth Plunket, daughter of Dr. William Plunket, granddaughter of Jno. 
 Harris, Sr. ' • After Mr. Maclay filled all the offices the people of Northum- 
 berland County could elect him to, he was sent to the United States Senate 
 in 1802, from which he was retired only by his resignation in 1809. His sons, 
 inheriting strongly of their father's greatness, became prominent men. WhUst 
 Samuel Maclay was in the United States Senate he was eected speaker of the 
 House, and signed his own certificate. He served several terms in Congress; 
 also elected to the State Senate, of which body he was also chosen speaker in 
 1801, and again in 1802. He was a marksman of great local celebrity, and 
 excelled all in the western part of the State, having won several prizes from 
 Logan, the Mingo chief, hitting off-hand a mark the size of a Spanish dol- 
 lar at the distance of 100 yards. He died in September, 1811." 
 
 Children of Samuel Maclay and Elizabeth Plunket: (I) William Plunket, 
 born in 1774; married Jane Holmes and, secondly, Sallie Brown. (11) 
 Eleanor*, born in 1777; married David Maclay. (Ill) Charles, born in 1779; 
 died in 1807. (IV) Esther, bom in 1782. (V) Jane, born in 1786; married 
 Dr. Joseph Henderson, Lewistown, (VI) Jno., born in 1789; married Annie 
 Dale. (VIT) Samuel, bom in 1792; married Margaret Johnston. (VIII) David, 
 born in 1794; married Isabella Paterson. (IX) Eobert Plunket, bom in 1799; 
 married Margaret Lashells. 
 
 Jno. Maclays (son of Jno. MaclayS and Janet McDonald) married Eleanor 
 Maclay, who was a daughter of Charles Maclay and Eleanor Query. They 
 had issue: (I) Samuel, born 1762. (11) Charles, bom 1764. (Ill) Elizabeth, 
 born 1766; married William Beynolds. (IV) Mary, born 1769; married first 
 David Edgar, Baltimore; second, Jno. Clendenin. (V) Eleanor, bom 1782; 
 married J. Smith. Their children reside in Peoria, HI. (VI) Jane, bom 
 1785; died unmarried. (VII) Catherine, born 1787; died unmarried. (VTII) 
 Jno. M., born 1789; was in the war, and fought heroically in the battle of 
 Chippewa in 1814 and Lundy's Lane, July 25, 1814. (IX) William, bom 
 1791. (X) Eobert, born 1793; had five sons in the ministry. Eobert, the 
 youngest son, formerly of the Chinese and now of Japan mission, married, 
 in Chma, a lady who went from America to China as a missionary. They had 
 issue. They sent their children to New York to be educated. After their 
 ■education was completed they returned to Japan. 
 
 Charles Maclay ^ (Jno.*, Charles^, Jno.*, Charlesi), bom 1757; married 
 
LUEGAN TOWNSHIP. 825 
 
 Susanna Linn, daughter of "William Linn and Jane McCormick, of Lurgan. 
 Charles and his wife, soon after their marriage, moved to Urbana, Ohio. They 
 had issue: (I) Charles, born 1789. (II) Jno., born 1791. (Ill) Elijah, bom 
 1794. (IV) James Linn Dickson, born 1797; died 1816. (V) Jane. 
 
 Catherine Maclay (Jno. 8, Charles', Jno. *, Charles i), born 1760, in Lur- 
 gan; married William Irwin; they removed to Lexington, Ky., 1784. They 
 had two sons (surname Irwin): Jno., born 1785; Stephenson, born 1787. 
 
 David Maclay (Jno. *, Charles', Jno. 2, Charles^), born 1762, in Lurgan; 
 died 1839. He was a man of fine literary attainments, and found more 
 pleasure in the perusal of his well selected libraiy and in his home and family 
 than in the political caldron of that period. He consented to serve two terms, 
 from 1812 to 1814, in the Assembly or Legislature of this State; beyond this 
 never could be induced to accept office. He was twice married; first to his 
 cousin, Eleanor Maolay (daughter of Samuel Maclay and Elizabeth Plunket), 
 in 1795. They had issue: (I) Samuel, born 1797; died in infancy. (II) 
 Jane, bom 1799; died in infancy. (Ill) Betty, bom 1801; died in infancy. 
 
 David Maclay mamed secondly, 1806, Eleanor Herron, daughter of Jno. 
 Herron and sister of Rev. Francis Herron, of Pittsburgh. Their issue: (I) 
 Jno. Herron, married Margaret Hemphill. (II) David, unmarried; served 
 two terras in the Legislature of Franklin County, from 1851 to 1852. (Ill) 
 Jane Eleanor, first married Jno. McGinley, of Adams County; second. 
 Judge Pomeroy, of Juniata County. (IV) Dr. Charles Templeton, of Green 
 Village, Franklin County. (V) Francis Herron, resides in Missouri. (VI) 
 James Herron, died unmarried. (VII) Mary E. , married Samuel McClure; 
 removed to the West. 
 
 Dr. Charles T. Maclay ig still living in Green Village. His son. Dr. David 
 Maclay, is married to a Miss Pomeroy, daughter of Judge Pomeroy, of Juniata 
 County, Penn. 
 
 Lydia Maclay, daughter of Dr. Charles T. Maclay, is also residing with her 
 father. 
 
 Aunie married Rev. Mr. Shannen; resides in Mount Holly, Penn. 
 
 William Maclay^, fourth child of (Jno.*, Charles', Jno. 2, Charles 1), was 
 bom in Lurgan Township, Franklin Co., Penn., March 22, 1765. "What 
 might be called the family heritage of office descended unto William, for we 
 find he was a member of Assembly in 1807 and 1808, and was afterward the 
 representative of the district in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Congresses, sit- 
 ting as a member of those bodies at the sessions from 1815 ta 1819. He was 
 subsequently appointed one of the associate judges for the district composed 
 of Adams, Cumberland and Franklin. With the religious proclivities of his 
 forefathers, he was eminent in the church and held the position of ruling el- 
 der for years. Whatever office he was nominated for, whether judge. Assem- 
 bly, Congress, or any of the county offices, he was always elected. Mr. Ma- 
 clay was a large, muscular man, six feet, two inches in height, but very pleas- 
 ant and affable. He was married Dec. 22, 1789, by Rev. Jno. Craighead, to 
 Margaret Culbertson, daughter of Alexander Culbertson, one of Ihe best 
 known families of the county. He died Jan. 4, 1825." 
 
 William Maclay and Margaret Culbertson. They had issue: 
 
 Mary Sharpe Maclay, born in 1790; married Jno. King, of Chambersburg, 
 Penn. , about 1816 ; died 1850. Jno. Maclay, born in 1792 ; married Jane Findlay 
 Jane, bom in 1794; married Gen. Samuel Dunn. Eliza C, born in 1796; mar- 
 ried, first, John Dunn, second, Jno. Graham of Pittsburg, Penn. ; died in 186— 
 Catherine, bom in 1799; married Dr. Jno. Geddes. Alexander, born in 1801- 
 married Mary McNaughton. William, born in 1803; married Mary Palmer; 
 
g26 BIOQBAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 Margaret, born ia 1805; married James W. Burbridge, of Pittsburgh. James 
 Ross, born in 1807; died in Pittsburgh. Charles S., born in 1809; died un- 
 married. Eleanor, born in 1812; married Cyrus D. Culbertson. David, bora 
 in 1814; died at Carrick Furnace. 
 
 Mary Sharpe Maclay and Jno. King. They had issue: 
 Samuel, died in infancy. Margaret, died in infancy. Sarah A., married 
 J. EUis Bonham, a prominent lawyer of Carlisle, Penn. (they had two children 
 that died in infancy). Mary Eleanor is still living in Chambersburg. Louisa 
 died unmarried. Emma L. married J. McDowell Sharpe, a prominent 
 lawyer in Chambersburg. They had issue: 
 
 Jno. King, bom 1858, died July, 1859; Rosa McDowell, born 1859, died 
 in 1861; Jno. McDowell, died an infant; Walter King, born December 23, 
 1863, is still living. 
 
 Jno. Maclay' (William^, Jno.*, Charles*, Jno. 2, Charles*), born in Lur- 
 gan, Franklin County, 1792; married, in 1819, Jane Findlay, daughter of 
 Col. Jno. Findlay, of Chambersburg. They had issue: 
 William Irwin, born in 1820; married Sarah Stackhouse. 
 Mr. Maclay married, secondly, Anna Maria Gleim. They had issue: (I) 
 Annie, born in 1834; married Fisk Gore. (II) Jno. King, bom in 1835; died 
 in 1836. (Ill) Martha, bom in 1836; died in 1854. (IV) Jno. Gleim, bom 
 in 1840. (V) Cyrus Culbertson, bom in 1842; married Laura Miller. (VI) 
 Edgar, born in 1844; married Blanche Murphy. They are living at Helena, 
 Mont. 
 
 Catherine Maclay (sixth child of William Maclay and Margaret Culbert- 
 son), born in 1799; married Dr. Jno. Geddes, of Newville, Penn. ; died in 
 Williamsport, 1873. Their issue: 
 
 (I) Dr. Jno. Peebles, died in 1870. (II) William Maclay, married Eleanor 
 Fisher; died in 1872. (Ill) Laura C, still living in Williamsport. (IV). 
 Charles King, married Sarah Sproul, daughter of Henry Sproul, and niece of 
 Chief Justice Grier. (V) Rev. Williamson Nevin, resides in Williamsport. 
 
 Samuel Maclay^ (Jno.*, Charles', Jno.'*, Charles*), bom in 1767, in Lur- 
 gan Township; married Margaret Snodgrass. They had issue (snrnamed 
 Ewing, Willis and Smith). 
 
 Eleanor Maclay* (Jno.*, Charles*, Jno.'*, Charles*), born in Lurgan in> 
 1769 ; married Capt. DaVid McKnight. They had issue (sumamed McKnight). 
 After the death of their parents the sons moved to eastern Tennessee. 
 
 Jno. Maclay" (Jno.*, Charles*, Jno.'*, Charles*), bom in 1776; died in 
 1852, whilst on a visit to his son-in-law. Rev. Dr. Brownson, at Washington, 
 Penn. ; he was married to Hannah Reynolds. Mr. Maclay represented Cum- 
 berland County in the Legislature for several terms. They had issue: (I) 
 Hannah, married Prof. William Nevin, of Franklin College, at Lancaster, one- 
 of the most thoroughly educated men in the State and a writer of unusual 
 force, (n) Ellen, married Rev. James I. Brownson, D. D., of Washington 
 College, Pennsylvania. (Ill) Abby Catherine, married Benjamin Sterrett, of 
 Cincinnati. (IV) Levinia, married Alexander Plumer, resides in Peoria, 111. 
 (V) Charles B. , married Sidney Irwin, of Mercersburg. They now reside in 
 Peoria, and have issue: 
 
 Eleanor Maclay (William, Charles*, John^, Charles*), bom in 1774; mar- 
 ried William Wallace (a lawyer in Harrisburg), son of Benjamin Wallace and 
 Elizabeth Culbertson. 
 
 Eleanor Maclay and William Wallace had issue (sumame Wallace): (I> 
 Mary Elizabeth, born in 1807; married the Rev. William R. Dewitt, of Har- 
 risburg. (II) William Maclay, bom in' 1808, died in 1877. (HI) Rev. Jno.,. 
 
LUBGAN TOWNSHIP. 827 
 
 bom in 1810; married Sarah Cochran. (IV) Irwin Maolay, born in 1813- 
 married Elizabeth Reed. 
 
 Esther Harris Maolay (William, Charles^, Jno. 2, Charleai), born in 1778- 
 married Dr. Henry Hall. They had issue (surname Hall) : (I) William Ma- 
 clay, born in 1801; married Ellen Williams. (II) Mary, born in 1802; mar- 
 ried George Washington Harris. (Ill) Catherine, born in 1804; married 
 Judge Garrick Hall; they left but one child, Garrick Mallory. 
 
 Sallie Maolay (William, Charles', Jno. '', Charles^), married Maj. Jno. Ir- 
 win. They had issue: (I) Mary Maclay, married Edmund Paterson, second 
 Biohard Bryson. (II) Henrietta, married Samuel Purviance. (Ill) Jane, mar- 
 ried Eobert McClelland. (IV) George, married Ann Bryson. (V) William 
 Maclay, man-ied Mary Edmonston. (VI) Ellen, married Dr. Caleb Brinton, of 
 West Chester, and had issue. Some of their descendants (Dr. Brinton, Jr., 
 and family) are living in West Chester. 
 
 William Maclay Hall (Esther, William, Charles^, Jno. 2, Charles^), born 
 in 1801; married EUen Campbell Williams. They had issue: (I) William 
 Maclay, born in 1828; married Ellen Cramer. (II) George, born 1831; mar- 
 ried Louisa Miller; secondly, Lucretia Allen. (Ill) Louis, born 1833; mar- 
 ried Eliza Warford. (IV) Catherine Julia, born in 1835, married Nathaniel 
 B. Hogg, of Pittsburgh. (V) Mary, born in 1837; married Col. Francis Jordan; 
 resides in Harrisburg. (VI) Ellen, born in 1846; married James Herron 
 Grossman, living in New York City. They have issue : 
 
 WiUiam Maclay Hall (William Maclay Hall, Esther 1, William 1, Jno., 
 Charles), was bom November 3, 1828, in Lewistown, Penn. He received a 
 thorough preparatory education, and graduated from Marshall College, Mer- 
 cersburg, in 1846, being the valedictorian of his class. He read law with 
 WiUiam Lyon, of Bedford, and was admitted to the bar in August, 1849; be- 
 gan practice at Bedford, and soon • achieved honorable distinction iu his pro- 
 fession. In January, 1865, he was appointed by President Lincoln judge ad- 
 vocate with the rank of major, and served one year. In 1868 he served on a 
 commission to revise the statutes of the State of Pennsylvania, with Judge 
 Derrickson and Wayne MacVeagh. Upon the death of Judge King, in Jan- 
 uary, 1871, Gov. Geary appointed him president judge of the Sixteenth 
 Judicial District, then comprising the counties of Bedford, Somerset, Franklin 
 and Fulton, and at the October election he was elected to the same position for 
 the term of ten years. After declining a renomination. Judge Hall quitted the 
 bench on the 1st of January, 1882. Throughout the entire term of Judge 
 Hall, the business of the district was great, and an unusually large number 
 of cases of importance was adjudicated. During his administration very few 
 reversals of his decisions were made. Since leaving the bench he has not been 
 actively engaged in his profession. 
 
 Judge Hall married Ellen Eowan Cramer, September 9, 1859, of Cumber- 
 land, Md. They had issue sumamed Hall: (I) Catherine Julia, born Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1862. (n) William Maclay, born September, 1864. (Ill) George 
 Louis, bom 1867. (IV) Emily Eowan, bom 1870. (V) Nathaniel B., bom 
 1872. (VI) Eleanor Maclay, born 1874. (VII) Richard Cecil, bom 1882. 
 
 Owing to the fact that this history of the Maclays was prepared for the 
 history of Franklin County, we have confined ourselves to those born in the 
 county and properly belong to it. If we have introduced any one living out- 
 side of the county we have been compelled to do so in order to make the gene- 
 alogy clear. 
 
 For the remainder of the history and genealogy of the Maclays we refer to 
 "Pennsylvania Genealogies," by Dr. William Egle, 1886. 
 
828 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JOSEPH MOWER, coachmaker, P. O. Mowers ville, was bom in that 
 place December 28, 1814. John Mower, his father, the pioneer of the name 
 in this county, was born in Cumberland County, Penn., a son of George 
 Mower a native of Germany. John was a wagon- maker, and came here 
 in 1814- married Savena Souer, and by her had eleven children: Catherine, 
 Polly Joseph, Sallie, John, Simon, David, Henry, Lavina, Sabina and George. 
 He died in March, 1865, in his seventy-fifth year. His wife died in the Febru- 
 ary previous, aged about seventy-four. Seven of the children above mentioned 
 settled in this and Cumberland Counties. Henry resides in Kansas; Joseph 
 learned the wagon-making trade with his father, and after he became of age 
 began on his own account, starting in the coach-making business in 1837, and 
 continuing until April, 1864. He then took as partners J. M. Deihl and J. H. 
 Snoke, and did business under the name of Mower &Co. until 1866, when his 
 son William, returning from the war, was taken into the company. In 1867 
 Mr. Deihl left the firm, the others remaining until July, 1868, when Mr. 
 Snoke retired, and Andrew H. Rice took his place. In December Mr. Rice 
 retired, and the firm became Joseph Mower & Son (William), and thus con 
 tinned untn 1873, when William retired, and our subject continued the busi- 
 ness until 1874 He then associated with John Slichter, and the firm became 
 Mower & Slichter, and so continued until 1877, when Mr. Slichter retiring, 
 Mr. Mower's other son, Aquila, became a partner, and the business was 
 known as Mower & Son until 1879, in which year Aquila died. Another son, 
 Ford W. , who had already been interested in the business, took his place, and 
 the firm became once again Mower & Son. Mr. Mower, however, has lately 
 retired, and John carries on the business. October 20, 1836, our subject mar- 
 Tied Mary, daughter of Adam Shoemaker, the well-known wagoner. Mrs. 
 Mower died in 1853, the mother of six children: Keziali J., Nancy, John, 
 William, Joseph R. and Mary E. Keziah and Joseph died young; Nancy is 
 the wife of Michael Kohr; Emeline is the wife of Alfred Burkholder. Mr. 
 Mower married for his second wife, Catherine, born in Perry County, Perm., 
 January 17, 1830, a daughter of John and Barbara (Brandt) Rathfon; by this 
 flecond marriage there were eight children, five living: Joanna, wife of John 
 Slichter; Lizzie J., wife of Samuel Foust; Ida C, Ford W. and Ella N. 
 Aquila died September 24, 1879, aged twenty-three years, four months and 
 twenty -three days; two children died young, Alexander B. and Joseph D. 
 Mr. Mower was prominent in the first movement toward founding the Lurgan 
 Mutual Fire Insurance Company; was made president of the same, and has 
 ■ever since been identified with it as president. He is a member of the ITnited 
 Brethren Church, of which he is a trustee. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 JOHN L. REBUCK, P. O. Roxbury, is the eldest son of Daniel Rebuck, 
 who was born in Dauphin County, Penn. , March 4, 1788, and who was a son 
 of Henry Rebuck, a native of Germany. Henry came to this country when 
 quite a young man, and to him and his wife, Barbara (Longenecker) Rebuck, 
 were born the following named children : John, Peter, Henry, Daniel, Abram, 
 Samuel, Jacob, Nancy, Eve and Barbara. Nancy married John Shuler and 
 settled in Richland County, Ohio; Eve married John Lutz and settled in Middle 
 Spring, Cumberland County, Penn. ; Barbara married John Whistler; all the 
 boys settled in this county except John and Peter. Daniel married Hannah, 
 a daughter of Abram and Mary (Landis) Grove, the latter a daughter of John 
 Landis. After Daniel's marriage he located on a farm now on Paxton's Bun, 
 nearly two mUes east of Roxbury, near the State road. He reinained on this 
 farm until his death, December 9, 1859. He and his wife reared six children 
 to maturity, viz.: John L. (subject), Abraham, Mary J., Barbara A., Henry 
 
LUEGAN TOWNSHIP. 829 
 
 C. and David, all residents of this township except Henry, who resides in Hous- 
 ton, Tex. Mary J. is the wife of Solomon Sentman, and Barbara is the wife 
 of Cyrus E. Stach. John L. remained on the farm until he was nineteen years 
 of age and for nine years engaged in clerical labor, a portion of the time in 
 Ohio. He located on the homestead farm on Paxton Eun in 1856, and has 
 since had charge of the homestead interests. He is a member of the A. F. & A. 
 M. and of the I. O. R. M. , and has been township auditor. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. The family attend the services of different churches. 
 
 SAMXFEL LAWRENCE SENTMAN, retired farmer, Eoxbury, was born 
 in Montgomery County, Penn., June 29, 1803, and removed with his parents 
 to Chester County when an infant. His father, Lawrence Sentman, was a native 
 of Wurtemberg, Germany. When sixteen years of age he entered the Revolution- 
 ary Army in the place of his father who was drafted; served out his time of enlist- 
 ment and went a second time as a substitute. When eighteen j ears old he was 
 drafted, again entered the service, participated in six campaigns, and remained 
 until the end of the war. After the war he bought a farm in New- 
 London Township, Chester County, where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 He was twice married and by his first wife had five children; by his second, 
 nee Mary Henry, a native of Pennsylvania and a daughter of Peter Henry, he 
 had seven, all of whom lived to be men and women: Samuel L., David, Solo- 
 mon, Robert, Charles, Sarah A. and Rachel. David was a farmer and settled 
 in Wooster, Ohio; Solomon was a Lutheran minister; Robert, a farmer, settled 
 in Lancaster County; Charles settled in Drake County, Ohio; Sarah A. mar- 
 ried Matthew Guy and moved to Darke County, tOhio; Samuel L. , at the age 
 of twelve, hired out at 20 cents a day, and worked at whatever he could 
 find to do. He obtained a fair education for the time, and when sixteen years 
 of age began teaching, which he followed five years, in the meantime improv- 
 ing his own education. He was a great and very succes-^ful hunter. While 
 in Perry County he married Elizabeth Eckert, a native of Cumberland County, 
 Penn. , and a daughter of Jonas Eckert, a farmer. About 1825 he bought a 
 farm in Cumberland County, Penn. , which he condacted until 1835, when he 
 removed to Carlisle, and here remained two years. His reason for leaving 
 Cumberland County was that he had built a good barn which he a second time 
 filled, and this was struck by lightning. Mr. Sentman' s business plans being 
 thus disarranged, and Carlisle having adopted the free school system, he con- 
 cluded to move there in order to give his children advantageous educations, and 
 leave the farm in charge of a trusty old laborer. A year later our subject sold this 
 farm for over double first cost. While in Carlisle he clerked in a store with a 
 view to learning the business. In the spring of 1838 he went to Newville,. 
 purchased a stock of goods and engaged in merchandising for some two years- 
 He then sold out to his partner and went to Newburg, where he built one of the 
 best residences in the place and remained about ten years. While there, in 
 1846, he purchased property at Roxbury, a tannery, and started it in order to 
 get his son, Solomon, into business. Soon after the tannery was accidentally 
 fired and destroyed. Mr. Sentman rebuilt it and made it a success. He moved 
 here about 1849 and brought a large stock of fine goods with him, and engaged 
 in business for about five years. In the meantime he purchased a farm which 
 needed improving, and as the store business became dull he closed out and 
 gave his attention to farming. Mr. Sentman speculated considerably and most 
 successfully in buying, improving and then selling farms. In 1865 he bought 
 a farm in good order near Dover, in Delaware, containing 317^ acres, which 
 in the summer of 1886 he sold, taking nine brick houses in West Philadelphia 
 in part payment. His wife died March 16, 1872, leaving nine children, viz.: 
 
8;;0 BIOGHAFHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Mary A., Elizabeth, Solomon, Samuel, Andrew, Catharine, Henrietta, Sarah 
 A. and Emma J. Mary A. married Samuel Taylor and located in this town- 
 ship; Elizabeth married Adam Shoemaker of this county; Solomon settled in 
 Roxbuiy; Samuel in Altoona, he served in the late war; Andrew died in 1838; 
 Henrietta is the second wife of Adam Shoemaker; Emma J. is the wife of Henry 
 Cryder. Mr. Sentman married for his second wife Mrs. Elizabeth Zearfoss 
 nee Elm. Politically Mr. Sentman is rather liberal, though inclining to Re- 
 publican ideas, and in religion affiliates with the Reformed Church.- Through 
 life he has been very persevering, and never allowed himself to be discouraged 
 by any loss, taking the view, "it was so ordered; Thy will be done." He is 
 vigorous and hearty and attends to his farm duties personally. 
 
 SOLOMON SENTMAN, tanner, P. O. Roxbury, was born in North Mid- 
 dleton Township, Cumberland Co., Penn., March 14, 1829, eldest son of Sam- 
 uel L. Sentman, one of the well-known business men of this county whose 
 sketch appears in this volume. Our subject came to this township in the 
 spring of 1847, and engaged in the tanning business, which he still follows to 
 some extent. He married, November 6, 1862, Mary J. Rebuck, a daughter of 
 Daniel and Hannah Rebuck, the latter a daughter of Abraham Groves. Mr. 
 Sentman has two children living, William D. and Daniel L. ; two died in infancy. 
 Our subject is not a church member nor a sectarian, but contributes to the sup- 
 port of the gospel. Politically he is a Republican. He is a member of the I. 
 O. O. F., No. 419, also of McAllister Encampment, No. 267, I. O. O. F., the I. 
 O. R. M., and also the R. C. T., No. 150; he has passed all the chairs, and has 
 been secretary for thirty years. He owns the land for five miles in Gunter's 
 Valley, with a beautiful stream, well stocked with trout, passing lengthwise 
 through it, and the portals of the Twin Tunnels of the Southern Pennsylvania 
 Railroad are on his land. He was not drafted during the war of the Rebellion, 
 but sent a substitute for three years. 
 
 MORROW R. SKINNER, farmer, P. O. Roxbury, was bom in Roxbury, 
 this county, January 5, 1848, the third son and fourth child of M. R. Skinner, 
 one of the descendants of Stephen Skinner, of Path Valley, this county, and 
 Elizabeth (Shoemaker) Skinner, one of the descendants of Philip Shoemaker, of 
 this township. He was reared in the village, and in the spring of 1872 began for 
 himself in the mercantile business. In 1874 he took in J. A. Stitt as partner, who 
 conducted the store while our subject carried on the stock business, and for several 
 years was engaged in bringing stock from Kentucky, being among the first to 
 make a business of importing stock from that State, continuing in that line until 
 1884, and has not entirely given up the business yet. October 26, 1871, he mar- 
 ried Emma C. Tritt, a native of Cumberland County, Penn. , and a daughter of 
 Samuel and Juliana (Heagy) Tritt. the latter a daughter of, John and Polly 
 (Hemminger) Heagy, all of Cumberland County. (The Heagys were natives of 
 Adams County.) Mr. and Mrs. Skinner have three children living: Cora Ann, 
 Daniel Bruce J. aod Effie C. (Minnie died in infancy.) Mr. Skinner conducts his 
 farna and mill, and is connected with stock raising. He was a candidate for 
 sheriff of the county, and has been supervisor foi^ some years. Mrs. Skinner 
 is a Presbyterian, while Mr. Skinner leans toward the faith of his father, that 
 of the Methodist Protestant denomination. 
 
 A. P. SNOKE, secretary of the Lurgan Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 
 MowersviUe, was born March 4, 1844, in Newton Township, Cumberland 
 Co., Penn.; his father. Christian Snoke, was born in the same county 
 January 22, 1811, a son of John and Hannah (Whistler) Snoke, the latter a 
 native of Lykens Valley, Penn. John Snoke was of German descent and a 
 bishop in the Dunkard Church. The mother of our subject was Anna, daugh- 
 
LUEGAN TOWNSHIP. 831 
 
 "ter of John and Doratha (Landis) High, natives of Berks County, Penn., the 
 former a son of John High, and the latter a daughter of Michael Landis. 
 Mrs. Snoke was born June 4, 1813, in Mifflin Township, Cumberland County. 
 ■Christian Snoke had the following brothers: Andrew, Samuel, Emanuel, John, 
 David, and one sister, Hannah. Our subject, Aaron P. , was reared at home un- 
 til eighteen years of age; then came to Mowersville and worked for Joseph 
 Mower, with whom he learned the coach-making business and remained until 
 he was thirty years of age. In the winter of 1874 he was elected director of 
 the Lurgan Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and was also made secretary of the 
 same, which position he has since held. He has been twice manied; first, 
 December 24, 1867, to Sarah Shoemaker, a native of this township and a 
 daughter of David and Elizabeth (Baker) Shoemaker. She died April 12, 
 1881, leaving six children: Charles B., Lulu L., William B., Clarence H., 
 Nellie M. and Mary A. His second marriage was with Lizzie Foglesonger, 
 daughter of David and Catherine (Noftsker) Foglesonger. This union has 
 been blessed with one child— Errol F. Mr. Snoke is a member of the United 
 Brethren Church, and his wife of the Presbyterian. Politically he is a Dem- 
 ocrat. 
 
 CYEUS E. STACH, farmer, P. O. Lurgan, now located at the Center, was 
 bom March 14, 1835, in the southeast part of this township. His fatiier, 
 Gideon Stach, bom near Strasburg, this county, a carpenter by trade, was a 
 son of Michael Stach, an early resident of Letterkenny Township, this coimty. 
 Gideon married Catherine, daughter of John Rhone, whose wife's name was 
 Magdelena Gezerman. Cyrus E. was a mere lad when he moved with his 
 parents to Letterkenny Township and worked with his father at his trade, 
 which he thoroughly learned, and after attaining his majority carried on busi- 
 ness on his own account, taking contracts, etc. , continuing in the same line for 
 several years. He assisted in rebuilding Chambersburg after the fire, being 
 •employed on some of the prominent structures in that city. In the spring of 
 1868 he came to Center, and purchased a part of the Michael Eeed farm, upon 
 which there were no buildings, and the land of which was impoverished and run 
 down. He has erected all the buildings, planted the orchard, and the land is 
 now in an excellent state of cidtivation. , Mr. Stach is prosperous and 
 happy. February 21, 1860, he married Barbara Ann, a native of this town- 
 ship, bom May 8, 1836, a daughter of Daniel and Hannah (Grove) Eebuck. 
 Mr. Stach has two children: Wilson M. C, an adventurer in the far West, 
 prospecting in mines, and Howard Lester, at home on the farm. Mr. Stach 
 ias three brothers and two sisters living and located as follows : Stephen, a 
 real estate and loan agent, in South Bend, Ind. ; Isaac, a farmer, in Hunting- 
 don County, Penn. ; Amanda, in the northern part of the State, the wife of Ed- 
 ward Bowen; Gideon, in Knox County, Neb., and Susan, a resident of South- 
 ampton Township, this county, the wife of John Killinger. McGinley, an- 
 other brother (now deceased), located in the township, in October, 1862, and 
 left a family of children. 
 
 O. P. STOEY, M. D., Eoxbui-y, comes of a family of physicians. His 
 great-grandfather, William, who spelled his name "Stoy," was a native of 
 Germany, a highly educated man, a minister, and settled in Lebanon, Lebanon 
 Co., Penn. Later he returned to Germany, where he spent seven years as a 
 student. On his return to America he became quit^ eminent in the science of 
 medicine. He had a son also named William, who became a physician, and 
 two of his sons became physicians. One of the latter also had a son, a physi- 
 cian, who is now practicing his profession in Chicago, 111. Our subject was 
 boia in Middlesex Township, Cumberland Co., Penn., March 7, 1856, the 
 
832 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 fourth son and sixth child born to George W. and Bachel (Ritner) Stoey, the 
 latter of niece of Gov. Ritner. Our subject received good school advantages, 
 and when about nineteen years of age began studying medicine, read with Dr. 
 Hiram McGowan, of Harrisburg, graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 
 June, 1880, and received his diploma in the spring following. He also has 
 several certificates of excellence and of graduation in other courses. After his 
 graduation he came to Roxbury, where he has since remained, and built up an 
 excellent practice. He was married in 1879, to Anna Long, a native of Cum- 
 berland County, and to them have been born four children: John Eskridge, 
 Oliver Paul, Clara Mabel and George Wilbur. 
 
 ELIAS STOUFEER, retired farmer, P. O. Mowersville, was born Decem- 
 ber 20, 1821, in Hopewell Township, Cumberland Co. , Penn., and when about 
 two years old removed with his parents to this county, where he has since re- 
 sided. His father, Jacob Stouffer, is a native of Cumberland County, and a 
 son of Jacob, who came from Lancaster County and made a settlement in 
 Hopewell Township; he reared the following named children: Abraham, Chris- 
 tian, Jacob, Peter, John, Nancy, Betsey, Barbara, Catherine and Fannie. 
 About 1823, Jacob Stouffer, father of our subject, moved to this township and 
 made a settlement in the eastern part thereof , where he remained about twenty- 
 five years. He then moved to the western part of the tovmship, where he still 
 resides, aged ninety-three years. His wife was Sarah Bullinger, a native of 
 Lancaster County, Pend. , who died in August, 1871. He reared the following 
 named children: Elias, Peter, a carpenter in Hopewell Township; Henry, a 
 farmer in Ohio, near Youngstown; Jacob, on the homestead in this township; 
 Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Harshey of this county; Barbara A., wife of Joshua 
 Hoffman of Cumberland County; Margaret, wife of Samuel Langhlin of this 
 county; Nancy, Catherine, wife of John Rhone in Southampton Township, 
 and Fannie, deceased wife of George Henry of Cumberland County. Elias 
 was reared on the homestead farm, where he lived continuously until the spring 
 of 1883, when he abandoned farming and built a residence on the southwestern 
 part of the farm, where he has since resided, renting the farm. March 8, 
 1849, he married Barbara A., a native of Hopewell Township, Cumberland Co., 
 Penn., and a daughter of David and Barbara (Over) Lesher. Mrs. Stouffer 
 died December 23, 1881, the mother of the following named children: Mary 
 A., wife of Willis Hafer, in Southampton Township; John, a farmer, in Wis- 
 consin; Emma, deceased wife of John Keeny; David, Lincoln, Charles, and 
 Andrew in Wisconsin; Isaiah, in Southampton, farming; and Flora, at home. 
 Mr. Stouffer married for his second wife Margery Rhoades, of Cumberland 
 County, eldest daughter of Mathias and Sarah (Finkey) Rhoades, the latter a 
 daughter of William Finkey. By this last union, Mr. Stouffer has one child, 
 Harry M. Mr. and Mrs. Stouffer are members of the United Brethren Church. 
 Politically he is a Republican. He is the owner of 110 acres of land. 
 • ^'J^\ SWANGER, merchant and justice of the peace, Lurgan, was born 
 m Letterkenny Township, this county, September 16, 1838. He was reared 
 to a^cultural pursuits and at the age of twenty-one commenced teaching, 
 which he followed successfully for twenty winters, farming during the sum- 
 mer seasons. In 1868 he purchased land in this township, and since 1879 
 has been continuously engaged in agriculture. February 19, 1863, he mar- 
 ried Mary E. Long, born November 23, 1843, in Lurgan Township, daughter 
 of David and Catherine (Shoemaker) Long. Mr. and Mrs. Swan|er hare six 
 children: David B., Harry D., William E., Anna N., D. Wilbu? and John 
 
 A °^t^^\ ^as elected justice of the peace in 1872, and has sine* 
 served. He has also served as constable, and assessor of the township, and as 
 
LURQAN TOWNSHIP. 833. 
 
 director in the Lurgan Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Since 1 879 he has been 
 engaged in merchandising (farming at the same time). Mrs. Swangeris post- 
 mistress at Lui-gan, having been commissioned April 26, 1886, when the office 
 was instituted. Our subject's father, Henry Swanger, born in Lurgan Town- 
 ship, April 1, 1816, married Malinda Barnhart, who was born in Amber son's. 
 Valley, this county, Jime 18, 1818, a daughter of Daniel and Nancy (Taylor) 
 Barnhart. Mr. and Mrs. Swanger reared a family of eight children: Daniel 
 D., Mary A., Elizabeth A., Nancy C, Margaret M., Susan C, John P. and 
 Sarah J. The family attend the services of the United Brethren Church. In 
 politics our subject is an ardent Democrat. 
 
 SAMUEL TAYLOR, farmer, P. O. Mowersville, was born at Sulphur 
 Springs, in Amberson' s Valley, this county, November 7, 1819, the youngest 
 of five boys and two girls of Casper and Isabella (Matthews) Taylor. At the 
 age of seventeen, he went to Strasburg, this county, where he clerked four 
 years for Mr. McClellan. After leaving the store he went to Amberson' s Val- 
 ley, and worked two years in the factory with his brother George. He then 
 clerked two years at Dry Run for William Piper; then one year in a large store 
 in Springfield, Ohio. In the spring of 1846 he returned to his parents and 
 commenced farming in the Valley, He kept a boarding-house at Sulphur 
 Springs for two years during the summer months. November 14, 1851, he 
 married Maiy Ann, eldest daughter of S. L. Sentman of Eoxbury, this county. 
 After marriage he continued keeping the boarding-house until 1856, when he 
 moved to Southampton Township, where he farmed until 1861 on Adam Shoe- 
 maker's farm. He then purchased his present farm, formerly owned by P. 
 M. and J. Huffman, and was engaged in agricultural pursuits actively until 
 1882. Mrs. Taylor died May 31, 1876, the mother of five sons and three 
 daughters: Samuel W., now an attorney in Springfield, Ohio; John M., a 
 farmer; Robert H., a graduate of Lafayette College, preparing for the min- 
 istry; George E., in Iowa; Franklin E., a teacher in the high school at Spring- 
 field, Ohio; Clara I., wife of Jacob F. De Haven of this township; Mary E., 
 wife of A. O. Bishop in Greene Township, this county, and Emma, wife of 
 John Goachenauer. Mr. Taylor is a member of the Presbyterian Church at. 
 Middle Spring; is director and general agent of the Lurgan Mutual Fire In- 
 surance Company, and has served as postmaster for three years under Repub- 
 lican administration, and served five years as county auditor. 
 
 ESROM D. WEAVER, tailor and justice of the peace, Roxbury, was born 
 June 10, 1828, in Upper Allen Township, Cumberland Co., Penn. His father 
 Dr. Benjamin Weaver, born in Lancaster County, Penn. , was a son of Moses. 
 Weaver who came from Germany and settled in Lancaster County. The maiden 
 name of Dr. Benjamin Weaver's wife was Nancy Hull; she was a native of 
 Frederick City, Md. ; to her and her husband twelve children were born, few 
 of whom reared families. Jacob served in the civil war, going out from Ohio. 
 Dr. Benjamin, who was a physician, followed his profession in Cumberland 
 County, near Churchtovra, and died many years ago. Esrom D. is the youngest 
 of the family. He left home at the age of eleven years, and worked out on a 
 farm. At sixteen he learned the tailor's trade at Churchtown, Cumberland 
 County, and then went to Mechanicsburg, where he worked at his trade until 
 the spring of 1850, when he came to Roxbury and set up a business here, 
 which he has since continued. He was elected justice of the peace in the 
 spring of 1850, when he came to Roxbury and set up in business here, which 
 he has since continued. He was elected justice of the peace in the spring of 
 1867 and served continuously since. July 30, 1849, he married Susan Frank- 
 lin, a native of Mechanicsburg and a daughter of John and Catherine (Longs- 
 
834 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 dorff) Franklin. To this union eleven children were born, seven living, viz. : 
 Albert, WUliam, Edgar, Samuel, Charles, Katie, Martha. All of the boys 
 fire tailors; Albert, Charles and Samuel are in Shippensburg; the other two 
 in Newville, Cumberland County. For thirty-four years, Mr. Weaver has 
 been connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, having held official rela- 
 tions with the same during that time; was steward, class leader and Sunday- 
 school superintendent. Politically he is a Democrat. He is a member of Path 
 Valley Lodge, No. 419, I. O. O. P. On the Weaver side of the family there 
 are $75,000,000 due them in Holland, which they are now litigating for, and 
 hope soon to come into possession of. 
 
 HON. JOHN F. WOODS, merchant, Eoxbury, is a native of Cum- 
 berland County, Peim., bom in Mechanicsburg. He came to this county in 
 1853, and for four years engaged in the confectionery business on a small 
 scale. He then conducted a general store under the firm name of J. F. Woods 
 •& Co. for five years. In 1877 he associated with J. Bleckenridge under the 
 firm name of Woods & Bleckenridge. Mr. Woods was married November 1, 
 1868, to Mary, daughter of Robert and Mary Hamilton. Our subject and 
 wife have five children living: Clara J., Lydia, John, .Josephine and Blanche. 
 In politics Mr. Woods is a Democrat; in 1883 he represented the county in the 
 State Legislature. He has also held several township offices. He is a mem- 
 ber of the I. O. O. F., No. 419, and of the L O. E. M., No. 150. 
 
 METAL TOWNSHIP. 
 
 R. M. ALEXANDER, M. D., Fannettsburg, was born in Shirleysborg, 
 Huntingdon Co., Penn., March 12, 1846, a son of Randall Alexander and 
 grandson of Col. William Alexander, a former resident of this county. At 
 the age of twenty he began the study of medicine with Dr. William P. 
 McKnight; attended his first course of lectures at Jefferson Medical College, 
 graduating at the University of New York, and in 1870 located at Fannetts- 
 burg as the successor to Dr. John Campbell. He married, in 1871, Mary J., 
 daughter of James X. McGaughy, of Fairfield, Adams Co., Penn., and three 
 children have been bom to this union: James N., Frank and William A. 
 Dr. Alexander and family are members of the Presbyterian Church in Lower 
 Path Valley. He is a very successful physician; is a member of the school 
 board, and in politics a Democrat. 
 
 JOSEPH B. ALEXANDER, farmer and trader, P. O. Willow Hill, was 
 bom December 18, 1848, in this township, the eldest son of Watson Alexander, 
 Who was bom in this county in 1824, and married Elizabeth Brown, whose 
 parents were Joseph and Elizabeth (Cramer) Brown. Watson Alexander died 
 January 1, 1879, his widow April 9, 1882. Three sons and three daughters 
 were bom to this union, viz. : Joseph B., Nancy E., Mary S., Martha J., John 
 S. and James K. Nancy E. is now Mrs. C. McDonald, of Bradford, Penn. 
 Mary S. resides in Fannett Township, this county, the wife of John Stewart. 
 Joseph B. married, In February, 1874, Paulina T., daughter of Michael aid 
 ^lizabeth (POTQeroy) Gamble, and shortly after marriage moved to Clarion 
 County, Penn., in the oil region, where he operated successfully for two years 
 in the products of that locality, and afterward located where he now resides, 
 bemg engaged m farming and stock raising. The children of our subject and 
 
METAL TOWNSHIP. 835 
 
 -wife are Carrie E., Matthew G., Jessie M., Mary E., Bertha Frances and Jo- 
 seph Case. The family attend the services of the Presbyterian Church. In 
 politics Mr. Alexander is a Democrat. 
 
 MICHAEL CEOMEE, conductor on the Southern Pennsylvania E. E., P. 
 O. Chambersburg, was born in Peters Township, this county, April 24, 1828, 
 the fourth son and seventh child of Samuel and Elizabeth (Eeed) Cromer, the 
 former a son of John Cromer, and a native of Lancaster County, the latter 
 « daughter of Michael Eeed. Our subject at the age of eighteen left home 
 and went to Mercersburg, where he learned the carpenter's trade and followed 
 the same until he was thirty-five years of age. At that time he began rail- 
 loading on the Cumberland Valley Eailroad, and has since continued the busi- 
 ness. He beganas abrakeman; then became conductor on a freight train, and 
 finally received the post of conductor on a passenger train, and as such has 
 served for fifteen years. In January, 1850, he married Sarah J. Shafer, a 
 native of Mercersburg, and a daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Ensminger) 
 Shafer. She died September 8, 1880, the mother of the following named chil- 
 •dren: Kate, wife of Charles McKinstry; Ella, wife of Samuel Snyder, resi- 
 dents of Chicago; Jennie, wife of Frank Shirk, of Lancaster County, Penn., and 
 Sue, wife of Harry Wejdlich. of Mercersburg. It can be said, and truthfully 
 too, of Mr. Cromer, that he was, in his time, the best manipulator of the old 
 Armstrong reaper or grain cradle who has ever made a record in the United 
 States. In the summer of 1858 he, near Mercersburg, from sun to sun, cut 
 twelve and one-half acres of wheat, making 365 dozen and 262 bushels of 
 wheat. This was done in the presence of a vast crowd of interested spectators. 
 The ground was measured by a regular surveyor and sworn to by twelve men. 
 Mr. Cromer attends the services of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 JEEOME DETEICH, farmer and merchant, P. O. Willow Hill, was born 
 JDecember 4, 1834, in Antrim Township, this county, a son of John and Cath-' 
 «rine (Tolhelm) Detrich. Our subject was thirty-four years of age before he 
 left the parental roof. About that time, December 24, 1868, he married Sarah 
 A., daughter of George and Sarah (Harman) Sarbaugh. After one year's res- 
 idence in Antrim Township subsequent to his marriage, he moved to his pres- 
 ent place of residence. Willow Hill, and engaged in farming, which he has 
 smce followed. In 1880 he formed a copartnership with Charles Fleming, 
 and engaged in merchandising. After four years, this partnership was dis- 
 solved and he then associated with his present partner, Mr. Bock, under the 
 firm name of Bock & Detrich. Mr. Detrich is collector of the township; is a 
 member of the Eeformed Church. In politics he is a Eepublican. He is the 
 iather of five children: Harry W., Morris N., George E. and Sarah C. (twins), 
 and John H. Mr. Detrich' s parents are still living, as are also their thir- 
 teen children. 
 
 FEANK W. ELLIOTT, farmer, P. O. Metal, is the only surviving male 
 representative of the Elliott family, who were, with the exception of the Walker 
 family, the earliest residents of Path Valley. Francis Elliott, his grandfather, 
 came here, ,and in November, 1761, bought out a squatter's claim, for which 
 he paid £500 English money. Here he stopped and located, but was twice 
 ■driven off by the Indians; the first time he returned to Chester County, Penn., 
 where he had come from; the second time he was driven to Fort Loudon, 
 whence he returned, and was not again molested. Archibald Elliott, brother 
 of Francis Elliott, served as first lieutenant in the Continental Army during the 
 Revolutionary war, and some of the Continental money, in which he was paid, 
 is still in the possession of our subject. Francis Elliott, the pioneer, married 
 Joanna Wallace, a daughter of William Wallace, who had a son, a sea captain. 
 
836 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Our subject's mother was Isabella Hall Beatty, formerly of Chambersburg,. 
 of Irish descent. She had three sisters: Mary, Catharine and Margaret, 
 and one brother named James, who removed to Tennessee. Her father's, 
 name was Henry Beatty, and her mother's maiden name was Isabella. 
 Hall. They came here from Ireland. James Elliott was the father of 
 our subject, and his brothers were Archibald, William and John, who 
 died bachelors. James continued a permanent resident of the homestead 
 until his death. He died in 1878, at the age of eighty-nine years and 
 seven months. He was an excellent citizen, and an exemplary Christian 
 of the Presbyterian denomination, of which he was for many years an official 
 member. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died a pensioner of the 
 same. Politically he was first a Whig, and later a Eepublican, and though a 
 man of firm convictions he was not a partisan. Frank W. was born May 26, 
 1838, and has always been a resident of the old homestead. July 5, 1859, he 
 married Margaret Witherow, a daughter of John Witherow. Mrs. Elliott died 
 in August, 1879, leaving four children: Samuel B., James B., Mary F. and. 
 Maggie W. June 16, 1880, our subject married Maude, a daughter of Will- 
 iam Hewitt, and has three children: Isabella E., William H. and Archibald 
 W. Mr. Elliott is a Presbyterian. 
 
 JOHN S. FLICKINGEB, M. D., P. O. Fannettsburg, was born in the 
 old mansion house situated two miles north of Fannettsburg, the youngest but 
 one of seven children, and only son of Joseph Flickinger, who was born near- 
 Lancaster, Penn., in 1789, his father, John Flickinger, having emigrated from 
 that county to Franklin County, and after residing a few years near Geencastle, 
 located in Path Valley. They were of German descent. The Doctor's moth- 
 er' 8 name was Nancy Statler, said to be of French extraction, and a lady of' 
 rare Christian virtues, as all testify who knew her. Our subject, after pur- 
 suing his studies for several years at Marshall College, Mercersburg, Penn., 
 commenced the study of medicine with Dr. John C. Kichards, of Chambers- 
 burg, where he remained three years, graduating in medicine at Pennsylvania 
 College, Philadelphia, March 8, 1850. Though inclined to go South the Doc- 
 tor yielded to the wishes of his father and sisters (now all deceased), and located 
 at his father's house in Path Valley, where he built up a large and lucrative- 
 practice. Dr. Flickinger was married, October 16, 1867, to Miss Jennie^ 
 McAllen, whose ancestors were Scotch-Irish (Presbyterians), a people noted, 
 for energy, force of character, etc., and to our subject and wife have been born 
 two children: Joseph M. and Edith S. " Centrebrook " is the name of Dr. J. 
 S. Flickinger' s very desirable home, situated in Metal Township, two milea 
 north of Fannettsburg and ten miles north of Richmond, the terminus of the 
 Southern Pennsylvania R. R. It is in the center of Path Valley, one of the loveliest 
 spots of that beautiful vale. The farm on which the home stands was surveyed, 
 in pursuance of a warrant dated May 14, 1755. The old mansion house was. 
 frame, and is near to, and east of the Doctor's present residence. The house- 
 was on the property when John Flickinger, the grandfather of the Doctor, 
 purchased it. The land is limestone, adapted to wheat and com, surface gen- 
 erally level, though more or less hilly toward the creek. Three lovely springs, 
 come gushing up here and there from the fields; and one beautiful stream, 
 called ' ' Marsh Run ' ' flows gracefully through the entire farm, and finds repose- 
 in the grand old (west) Conococheague. From 225 acres the farm has pro- 
 duced m one year as much as 1,200 bushels of wheat and 1,500 bushels of corn. 
 The property has come down in regular descent from John Flickinger (grands 
 father of the Doctor), who purchased it from one Mr. Chillison, in 1797, and. 
 by whom it was originally taken up. 
 
METAL TOWNSHIP. 837 
 
 JACOB FLICKINGER (deceased), was born June 26, 1816, on the same 
 fann he died on, near Willow Hill; a son of John and Polly (Alexander) Flick- 
 inger, whose sons were Alexander and Jacob. Jacob was reared on a farm. 
 He kept hotel in Fannettsburg four years, kept store in Fannettsburg four 
 years and during the remainder of his life he was engaged in farming. March 
 21, 1839, he married Lavina Klippinger, who was bom June 6, 1818, young- 
 «Bt daughter of Anthony and Mary (Hess) Klippinger, natives of Berks County, 
 Penn. Mr. Flickinger was highly esteemed in the community in which he 
 resided. He was an upright citizen, an accommodating neighbor, and a con- 
 sistent member of the Presbyterian Chiu-ch. He passed away November 11, 
 1884. His widow still resides on the farm, which contains 160 acres and 
 ^hich is under her supervision and management. The following children were 
 bom to Mr. and Mrs. Flickinger: Edgar M., MaryB., William, Anna M., 
 Albert A. and Clara S. Albert A. and Clara S. are at home; Mary E. is the 
 wife of McGinley Wilhelm; Anna is the wife of George Shearer, and all are 
 fesidents of this township. 
 
 DAVID FLICKINGER, farmer, P. O. Fannettsburg, was born in Octo- 
 ber, 1829, on the homestead farm, the eldest son of Henry and Elizabeth 
 (Snively) Flickmger; the former, bom May 21, 1792, died March 12, 1851; 
 the latter bom December 16, 1797, died July 14, 1873. Our subject removed 
 to the farm he now owns in 1862, and the same year married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of James and Eilza (Clippinger) McCurdy, both members of old families 
 of this county. Mr. Flickinger has 158 acres of land. 
 
 JOHN E. JONES, farmer, P. O. Richmond Furnace, is descended from John 
 Jones, who came from England as a soldier in the service of the British Gov- 
 «mment. He finally deserted that army and joined the Continental, with which 
 he served until the close of the struggle which resulted in American independ- 
 ence. He bought 200 acres near Cowan' s Gap, and there lived until his death at 
 the age of one hundred and four years. He reared a family of song as follows: 
 John, James, Jacob, Joseph, Jesse and Samuel. John and Samuel settled here, in 
 Path VaUey. John A. , the father of our subject, was born in what is known as Cul- 
 bertson Row, and married Sarah McElvey, a daughter of William McElvey, of 
 Scotch-Irish descent. He died in 1868 aged eighty -three years, the father of 
 twenty- four children. Our subject, a resident of this county, was bom in Sep- 
 tember, 1820, and grew up on the farm. December 23, 1843, he married 
 Elizabeth A., daughter of David and Mary (Plunkard) Little, and by her has 
 ten children — seven sons and three daughters: George E., a Presbyterian min- 
 ister, residing in Baltimore; David, on a part of the old homestead; John H., 
 a resident of Chicago; Mary J., wife of Oliver Yeater; Agnes, wife of Robert 
 6. Jones; Oliver F. and Harvey W., in Kansas City, Mo. (Oliver is a physi- 
 cian and practices his profession in that city, and Harvey W. is practicing law); 
 Carrie B., married to James McCormick; James M., a postal clerk; Lincoln, a 
 farmer. Mr. Jones owns about 350 acres of land, a part of the old homestead. 
 In politics he is a Republican. The family attend the services of the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 THE McALLENS. " The family belonged to the old Scotch clan Camp- 
 bell, and the meaning of the name is 'son of Campbell,' or rather 'son of 
 Colin.' The leader or captain of the clan was McCallen or McCallum, and 
 at the breaking up of the clan they all took the name of McAllen, omitting, 
 some of them tiie one 'c', except one who took the name of the elan 
 ' Campbell.' He became the Duke of Argylein Scotland, and Lord Lome, the 
 present duke's son, is the son-in-law of Queen Victoria, his wife being the 
 Princess Louise. The family took a prominent part in mOitary affairs, and for 
 
838 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 their services in suppressing the Irish were given an estate at Down Hill> 
 seven miles from Londonderry. This was just after the battle of Boyne Water, 
 which occurred July 1, 1690. Some of them removed to Ireland and took 
 possession of the estate and brought with them their old body guard, whom they 
 kept as long as they lived and were able to support them. They were very 
 clannish, and as long as they remained in Ireland they kept the Scotch blood 
 pure, going back to Scotland to get wives when they wished to marry. After 
 about forty years' residence in Ireland some of them came to America and set- 
 tled near Harrisburg, Penn., in about the year 1730, and the farm now occu- 
 pied by Hon. Simon Cameron is thought to have been originally taken up by 
 these McAllens. Robert McAllen and wife took up the first land, it is believed f 
 his name, besides being found in the land office at Harrisburg, is on an old 
 record of a Presbyterian Church that was located at or near Derry, a few 
 miles from Harrisburg. From here the descendants of the family scattered 
 to Adams, perhaps then or soon after York, County, near Gettysburg, some 
 remaining at Harrisburg. From the family that came to near Gettysburg the 
 Franklin County, as well as the Butler County McAllens descended. John 
 McAllen, the writer's grandfather, was a son of John McAllen of near Get- 
 tysburg. He located in Fannettsburg, Metal Township, Franklin County, 
 about the year 1794, and bought large tracts of land and set about improving 
 it at once by erecting houses and barns upon it. He built and burned brick 
 kilns, from which he constructed a number of large brick houses, one of which 
 was erected for and kept as a hotel for many years and enjoyed a large patron- 
 age. This house is and has been occupied for the past twenty-one years by 
 his oldest son, John Franklin McAllen; another brick edifice adjoining the 
 above is occupied by his youngest son, William S. McAllen; both these houses 
 are equal and superior to many of the modern buildings of to-day. He also 
 erected four mills, two saw-mills and two flouring-mills, all of which are in 
 successful operation at the present day. Thus it will be seen that he gave 
 great impetus to the spirit of improvement at that early day. In addition to 
 the improvement of large bodies of land, he had in an adjacent valley (Horse 
 Valley) about 1, 200 acres of land valuable for its bark timber, on which he 
 was about to erect a large steam tannery, but about this time, July, 1840, he 
 took suddenly sick and died. Thus ended the life of a good and useful man 
 who did more to develop the resources of his neighborhood than any other 
 score of men in his day. He was married twice, first to a Miss Margaret Ged- 
 dis, and second to a Miss Sarah Skinner, my grandmother, and left living 
 within my recollection, John F. McAllen, Thomas W. McAllen, Robert. W. 
 McAllen, William S. McAllen and Sarah Jane McAllen (now the wife of Dr. 
 J. S. Flickinger). 
 
 " John F. McAllen, the eldest child, inherited his father's business ability, 
 and to the present day is what his father was to his day and generation. He is a 
 considerable land owner, and raises great numbers of fine stock, and has invested 
 a large fortune in the way of improving his lands and mill properties. He haa 
 been a public benefactor, giving employment to the workingmen of his neigh, 
 borhood. He married Miss Elizabeth Moody Nimmon (my mother, one of the 
 best of women, and, to my mind, the best of all women; but God took her at 
 the age of fifty, and her children shall never cease to mourn their loss of her). 
 The names of their children are John Adams, Thomas Franklin and Robert 
 Franklin (both of whom died in infancy), Margaret Jane (now Mrs. Geo. W. 
 Park), Sarah Lillias (now Mrs. Wm. E. Harris), Eliza Bell and Elizabeth Nim- 
 mon (both of whom died in infancy), Anna Mary (now Mrs. S. A. Walker), 
 Wm. West and Grace Nimmon. He married for a second time Nancy J. Wine- 
 
METAL TOWNSHIP. 839 
 
 man; children: Frank, Archibald and Donald. The oldest son in the 'John' 
 branch of the family, has been called John for several generations. Th^ 
 writer's (John A. McAllen's) mother once told him that his grandmother Mc- 
 Allen had told her that he was either the fifth or seventh generation in which 
 the oldest son was called John, and I think she said in this country. The 
 writer now has a son John three years old November 17, 1886. 
 
 " Robert "W. McAUen was my father's next eldest brother. He was a briga- 
 dier-general of militia before the war of the Rebellion, and during the war was a, 
 lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment of Pennsylvania, 
 Volunteer Infantry. He was a very popular man, and kind to the needy; he 
 died about 1867 from disease contracted in the service. He married twice. 
 His first wife was Miss Isabella Campbell of Fannettsburg; his second wife 
 was Miss Isabella Wilhelm of Metal Township. He left four sons: by the first 
 wife, John Howard and Thos. Campbell, and by the second wife Robert W. 
 and William. 
 
 " Thomas "Wilson McAUen, the third son, is married to Mrs. Margaret Mc 
 Garighey, formerly a Miss Homer, of near Gettysburg, Adams Co. , Penn. 
 His only living child is Robertta M. McAllen, a graduate of Wilson College, 
 Chambersburg, Penn. He resides on a farm of upward of 400 acres adjoin- 
 ing the town of Fannettsburg. This farm was once the property of his father, 
 John McAllen. 
 
 " Wm. S. McAllen, the youngest son, was married to Miss Clementine Kyle, 
 December 26, 1860, the eldest daughter of David Kyle, who in his day was a 
 prominent business man of Fannettsburg, Penn. Mrs. Clementine McAllen 
 died August 24, 1881, leaving her husband and five children to mourn her loss. 
 The oldest of the children is Margaret Kyle McAllen, a graduate of Wilson 
 College, Chambersburg, Penn. ; the second daughter, Sadie Maud McAllen, is 
 now (January, 1887,) in her senior year at Wilson College. Jno. W. Kyle 
 McAllen is the oldest Bon, and Norman W^. is the youngest of the two boys; 
 Jean Clementine is the youngest of the family. Father and children all live 
 together in the old homestead. From about the years 1858 to 1865 he was 
 engaged in merchandising, but for a number of years past has been engaged 
 in superintending his farm, etc. 
 
 " Mrs: Sarah Jane McAllen Flickinger, the only living daughter of Jno. Mc- 
 Allen, is the wife of Dr. John S. Flickinger. They reside two miles north of 
 Fannettsburg. They live privately in the midst of their farms in elegant ease, 
 dispensing the hospitality of their home to their friends and all comers. The 
 Doctor is a retired physician who has enjoyed a large and successful practice. 
 They have two children: Joseph McAllen, who is in attendance at Chambers- 
 burg Academy, and Edith S., a student of Metzgar Seminary, at Carlisle, Penn. 
 They all have been Presbyterians from the earliest days until recently, 
 John F. McAllen withdrew from that denomination and joined the Methodists. 
 John A. McAllen, the writer of this sketch, withdrew from the Presbyterian 
 Church and became an Episcopalian about three years ago — soon after marry- 
 ing a Miss Blanchie M. Crawford, of Virginia, whose father, William H. Craw^ 
 ford, now of Knoxville, Tenn., is a full cousin of the late Mrs. Frank Cra,w- 
 ford Vanderbilt, second wife of the late Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt. 
 Dr. Arthur, the father of the late ex-President Chester A. Arthur, and the 
 McAUens, of Counties Down and Tyrone, Ireland, are cousins. The members 
 of the family have always been well-to-do, and generally take a leading place 
 in their neighborhoods. 
 
 " John A. McAllen is a graduate of Union University Law School, Albany, 
 N. Y., and a lawyer. He is the "ounder of the Path ValUy News, at Fan- 
 
840 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 nettsburg, Penn., a paper which, considermg its location, has met with phe- 
 nomenal success, much due to his wife's assistance as an adviser." 
 
 WILLIAM H. McCORMICK, farmer, P. O. Fannettsburg, was born De- 
 tsember 31, 1826, the eldest son of Eobert and Elizabeth (Harvey) McCormick. 
 His grandfather came from the North of Ireland, and settled in Path Valley 
 prior to the Revolution. Our subject moved with his parents when he was 
 three years old to Indiana County, Penn. , where he lived until 1850, in which 
 jear his father died. William Harvey, the maternal grandfather of our sub- 
 ject, settled on the farm now owned by the latter, who inherited- the place. 
 In December, 1851, he married Margaret Parks, a native of Path Valley, and 
 B daughter of John and Margaret (Witherspoon) Parks. Mr. McCormick has 
 240 acres here, upon which he has erected the best of buildings, etc. , and has 
 B farm of 163 acres two miles from Chambersburg. He has three sons living: 
 Robert H., James W. and William B. (three children died young). Mr. and 
 Mrs. McCormick are members of the Presbyterian Church. He gives his at- 
 tention to farming and stock raising. 
 
 MAJ. JAMES McCURDY, farmer, P. O. Willow Hill, was born in this 
 township on the farm he now owns, December 4, 1807. His great-grand- 
 father, Arthur McCurdy, a Scotchman by birth, moved from the land of his 
 nativity to County Antrim, Ireland, and immigrated to America prior to the 
 Revolution. He settled in Pennsylvania, and from him are descended four of 
 the name : John, James, Robert and Hugh. James and Hugh settled in this 
 county, John in Virginia, and Robert in Adams County, Penn. The subject 
 vf this sketch is of the third generation in America of the same name, James 
 being the name of his father as well as that of his grandsire. His father was 
 bom in this township in 1770, and married Mary Brown, a daughter of Allen 
 Brown. He died in 1822 aged fifty-two years. The following are the names 
 of his children: Anna, Margaret, James, Jane and Stephen O. , all of whom 
 reared families. Stephen O. located in Fannettsburg, this county; Anna mar- 
 ried John Alexander; Margaret married James Rankin, and settled in Clarion 
 County, and Jane married John Casey. James, our subject, located on the 
 homestead, where he has remained up to the present writing, having engaged 
 in farming. He married Elizabeth Klippinger, daughter of Anthony and 
 Mary (Hess) Klippinger. For several years Maj. McCurdy was employed in 
 the mill which his grandfather built, and afterward engaged in farming. 
 During the days of militia and general training he held important positions in 
 the State militia, was brigade inspector of the Second Brigade of the Eleventh 
 Division of Pennsylvania Militia. Five children have been bom to him: Mar- 
 garet, wife of John Wolf of Fannett Township, this county; Stephen O., An- 
 thony K. ; Elizabeth and Mary, wives of David and A. S. FlicMnger, re- 
 spectively. Anthony K. and Stephen served in the civil war, returned home 
 unscathed, and are now residents of the township. Mr. McCurdy has for 
 many years been identified with the Presbyterian Church, and is an official 
 member of the same, as was his father before him. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 MAJ. J. S. NIMMON, farmer, P. O. Fannettsburg, was born in Shippens- 
 burg, Cumberland Co., Penn., the eldest son of Adam Nimmon, also a native 
 of Cumberland County, a son of George Nimmon, a soldier in the Revolution 
 and a native of Belfast, Ireland. The latter's wife's name was Adams, and 
 she was of Quaker stock. He was a farmer, and reared two sons, Adam and 
 ■John; the former settled in Cumberland County, Penn.; the latter in Craw- 
 ford County, Ohio. Adam Nimmon, our subject's father, married Mary Mor- 
 ns Skinner, by whom he had four children, only one now living; he was a 
 
METAL TOWNSHIP. 841 
 
 farmer, but in his younger days followed wagoning, and finally settled in Ship- 
 pensburg, where he died in 1843, aged sixty-seven years; his widow died sev- 
 eral years after. Our subject left home and began working for his uncle, a 
 tanner, at $4 per month; learned the tanner's trade, and subsequently carried 
 on the business for himself for several years. When the civil war broke out 
 he was among the first to volunteer, and enlisted in Company B, Capt. Deob- 
 ler. Second Eegiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served three 
 months; then entered tiie Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served a short 
 term, when he was promoted to first sergeant, and subsequently to first lieu- 
 tenant; later was commissioned captain, and at the battle of Five Forks was 
 commissioned major. He served until September, 1865, being detained after 
 the close of the war to settle up the affairs of the regiment. That same fall 
 (September, 1865,) he came to Fannettsburg and engaged in merchandising, 
 at which he continued for five years; then sold out to Mr. Wineman and 
 located where he now resides, and has since been engaged in farming. His 
 wife, Sarah, daughter of Joseph Flickinger, died in 1876, leaving one child, 
 John S. Maj. Nimmon is a member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 WILLIAM NOBLE (deceased) was descended from the family of that name 
 that has been indentified with the history of Path Valley since 1773. In that 
 year his grandfather, John Noble, and Elenor, his wife, removed from a farm, 
 which he had jwned contiguous to the borough of Chambersburg, to Path Valley, 
 and purchased and lived upon the farm on which Carrick Furnace stands, until 
 his death, which occurred March 30, 1799. His vrif e was a Miss Patterson and 
 bore him four sons and two daughters. The sons were Johnston, Joseph, Solo- 
 mon and John; Joseph and Solomon served a term in the Revolutionary Army; 
 the latter died of camp fever. The daughters were Elenor and Mary. Elenor 
 married Samuel Witherow; Mary married Alexander Walker. Joseph Noble, 
 the father of the subject of this sketch, settled on this farm in the spring of 
 1787, and WUIiam was born here in September of the same year. Joseph 
 Noble married Susanah McClelland, who bore him the following children : John- 
 ston, Buth, John, William, Joseph, Mary and Susanah. John and Joseph both 
 served during the entire war of 1812. William, the subject of this sketch, died 
 September, 1874. He was the father of six children, all of whom are still liv- 
 ing; four of them still occupy the paternal estate. The children are Martha 
 B., Ruth,' Lucy, Augustus J., William R. and Mary Susan. Ruth Noble mar- 
 ried John McClelland of Westmoreland County. Lucy married John H. Blair 
 of Huntingdon County. William R. married Miss Sarah Wilhelm, and has one 
 son, Samuel, and two daughters, Myra and Lucy. His children bid fair to 
 inherit the ancestral acres. William Noble was a remarkable man in many 
 respects, remarkable for his memory, for his love of reading and for the kind 
 of reading that particularly interested him. Among these were "Locke on 
 the Understanding." "Dick's Theory of a Future State," etc. The Nobles 
 were Scotch-Irish, and John Noble, Sr., was a native of Ireland. The subject 
 of this sketch, as well as his brothers and sisters, were remarkable for their con- 
 servatism, even to the retaining of the provincialisms and pronunciations of 
 their forefathers. 
 
 GEORGE W. SHEARER, farmer, P. O. Willow Hill, was born October 
 23, 1851, on the old homestead, where he now resides one-quarter of a mile 
 north of Willow Hill. His father, Jacob Shearer, was born January 1, 1801, 
 a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Buzzard) Shearer. He married Agnes, a, daugh- 
 ter of William Campbell, and located on the farm now owned by George W. , 
 where he died October 5, 1867; his widow died January 12, 1881! They reared 
 five children to maturity: Maria E., Josephine, Anna, Jacob F. and George W., 
 
842 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 all residing in the county. Our subject has remained on the homestead, 
 which he took charge of at the time of his father's death, and February 10, 
 1876, married Annie, daughter of Jacob and Lavina Flickinger. Mr. Shearer 
 is a member of the school board, and a member of and elder in the Presby- 
 terian Church (elected in 1885), in which his father was elder. Politically he 
 is a Kepublican, with which party his father was also identified, and though 
 firm in his convictions was no partisan. Mr. Shearer owns 120 acres of land. 
 They live on the property which once belonged to Mrs. Shearer's great-grand- 
 father, Alexander, who sold his farm to Mr. Shearer's paternal grandfather. 
 
 JOHN E. SPECK, hotel-keeper and farmer, P. O. Fannettsburg, was born 
 July 27, 1843, in Letterkenny Township, this county, a son of Joseph and 
 Mary Ann (Early) Speck, both reared near Strasburg, this county. The former, 
 bom in 1812, died in 1880; the latter, bom in 1821, died in 1882. The grand- 
 father was Adam Speck. Our subject in early life was thrown upon his own 
 resources, and at the age of eighteen began driving stage on thfe Chaipbersburg- 
 and Mt. Union line, and continued thus untU 1863, when he enlisted in Com- 
 pany D, Twenty-first Pensylvania Cavalry, and after his discharge, in June, 
 1865, resumed stage-driving on the same old route, until the following yetir. 
 Later he went to St. Louis, wheire for several years he engaged in railroading, 
 running as express checkman. In 1869 he came to Clearfield County, Penn. , and 
 after a short period he engaged in the lumber district, subsequently in farm- 
 ing on shares. He then purchased 100 acres, which, after several years' 
 successful cultivation, he sold advantageously, and, for two years, engaged 
 in the hotel business at Burnt Cabins. In 1885 he purchased the "Isaac 
 Taylor farm" of 140 acres, two and one-half miles from Shade Gap 
 and in 1886, took charge of the Mansion Hotel at Fannettsburg. In Jan- 
 uary, 1866, he married Matilda Laird, who was born June 21, 1843, in Shade 
 Valley, a daughter of William and Bridget (Maloy) Laird, the former a son of 
 Hugh Laird of Ireland. To Mr. and Mrs. Speck sis children were born: 
 Laura, Jennie, Mary A, Ealph, Edith and Jessie (twins). Mrs. Speck died 
 after a short illness, June 20, 1886. She was a good Christian, full of faith 
 and hope, and her charity had no equal. She took great pains in the welfare 
 of her family. In politics Mr. Speck is a Democrat. The family attend the 
 services of the Catholic Church. 
 
 WALKER FAMILY. Among the early settlers of Path Valley, whose 
 descendants are still residents there, are the Walkers. Alexander Walker, with 
 his family, came from the North of Ireland in 1737, and settled in Chester 
 County, Penn., remaining there until 1761, when they removed to Path Val- 
 ley and settled on the land still owned by John D. Walker, Esq., including, at 
 that time, the farm of W. J. Park and lands of W. S. Harris. Alexander 
 Walker nad five sons: John, Eobert, Samuel, James and David. In the siun- 
 mer of 1762, the Indians began to be troublesome. James, while on his way- 
 home from the fort at Loudon, was taken prisoner by them (an account of 
 which IS found elsewhere in.this history). On the night of March 22, 1763, 
 the Indians bumed their bam and shot their horses after they escaped from 
 the burmng building. In the barn when bumed was a quantity of threshed 
 wheat, and their descendants in the valley still have some of this bumed and 
 blackened wheat m their possession. During the Eevolution one of the sons, 
 bamuel, served as a lieutenant in Capt. Noah Abrams' company, and Eob- 
 ert was a private m the same company, while the other boys served various 
 terms of enlistment. Alexander, the father of the family, died May 1, 1775, 
 his wife, Mary, having died the previous year. Of the sons, Samuel married 
 mary JNoble, and remained on the mansion farm. John married a Miss Mc- 
 
METAL TOWNSHIP. 843 
 
 Guire, and David a Miss Elliott. Both families moved to Huntingdon Coun- 
 ty, near Burnt Cabins. James and Robert were not married. Eobert died in 
 1778 and James in 1788. The family of Samuel (the grandfather of the pres- 
 ent families of Walkers living there) were Mary, who was married to Eobert 
 Walker, a cousin, and moved to Indiana County, Penn. ; John who never mar- 
 ried; Alexander married to Mary Connell; Eleanor, married to Robert Ram- 
 sey; Margaret, married to James McConnell; Samuel, married to Martha Mc- 
 Connell; and James, married to Ann Skinner. John D. Walker, Esq. (son 
 of Samuel), now living on the mansion farm, was married to Miss Emma 
 Campbell of Illinois. Capt. John H. Walker, a son of James Walker, carries 
 on the tannery built by his father in Fannettsburg, in 1822. The descend- 
 ants of Alexander Walker live in Fountain Green, 111. , while other branches 
 of the family live in Indiana and Washington Counties and in the Western 
 States. 
 
 HON. JOHN H. WALKER, proprietor of the tannery and captain in the 
 late war, was born in Fannettsburg, Penn. , April 27, 1834, and learned the 
 tanner's trade with his father, attending the public schools and a select school 
 at Fannettsburg. His father, James Walker, had learned his trade in the 
 same town, with Judge Maclay. When his father died, our subject was but 
 fifteen years old, but at that early^ age he took charge of his father' s business 
 and settled up the estate. At the breaking out of the rebellion he was cap- 
 tain of a military company called the Washington Blues. This was the oldest 
 company in this part of the State, being the succession of the one that went to 
 Canada in the war of 1812, under Capt. Samuel Dunn, who afterward became 
 a brigadier-general. The Washington Blues tendered their services under 
 the President's first call for three months' men, our subject being captain of 
 the company. At the expiration of their term, Capt. Walker returned home, 
 and at the organization of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, he raised Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylva- 
 nia Volunteer Infantry. He was wounded by a musket ball in the right 
 shoulder at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va. ; was also struck by a piece of 
 shell in the right arm at Chancellorsville. He was in all the engagements in 
 which his regiment participated in the Amy of the Potomac during its term. 
 The captain's company was mustered out with the regiment in the last of 
 May, 1863, and he returned to Fannettsburg where he resumed his business of 
 tanning. During the rebel raids that followed, he, at the suggestion of the 
 military commander of this department. Gen. Couch, enrolled a company of 
 "rangers " which the General desired should be held in readiness to block- 
 ade and defend the mountain passes, and promptly, on the arrival of a mes- 
 senger sent by the General, they proceeded with their rifles and axes and 
 blockaded the passes at i.he top of the Kittatiny Mountain, overlooking the 
 Cumberland Valley, and held their position until the rebels left the county. 
 Part of the company at the same time, under command of Captain Sam 
 Walker, went for the same purpose to the defense of the narrow defile, 
 then known as the "Dug Road," near Fort Loudon. In 1868 he was 
 nominated and elected Republican representative to the Legislature by the 
 people of Perry and Franklin Counties. Capt. Walker was not a candi- 
 date, having refused to accept the nomination, but after that event, at the 
 request of his friends, he accepted. Our subject was married, Decembe.i 
 11, 1856, to Miss Caroline Elliott, a native of near Ickesburg, Perry Co., 
 Penn., a daughter of Robert and Mary (Linn) Elliott, also natives of Perry 
 County. Robert Elliott was associate judge of Perry County and a man of 
 more than ordinary ability. He •\iras nominated by the Republicans for Con- 
 
g44 BIOQBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 areas but the district being Democratic he was defeated. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Walker have five children: James A., a jeweler in Valparaiso, Ind.; Mary 
 C wife of A. W. Pomeroy, of Pomeroy & Mackey, merchants, Chambers- 
 burg- William H., Charles L. and Samuel E., assisting their father in busi- 
 ness ' Capt. Walker is commander of Eobert Elliott Post, No. 526, G. A. B., 
 Spring Rim He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, as are 
 their daughter Mary C, and sons, James A. and William H. The Captain 
 has been an elder in this church a nimiber of years. 
 
 ROBERT WENTZ, P. O. Richmond Furnace, is the trustworthy engineer 
 ■who runs on the Southern Pennsylvania Railroad from Chambersburg to Rich- 
 mond, and in which calling he has had an experience of twenty-one years. He 
 was born October 16, 1844, in the city of Lancaster, Penn., a son of Henry 
 and Hannah (Wisner) Wentz. At the age of nineteen he began to learn engi- 
 neering, commencing as a fireman, and after three years' arduous application 
 he was promoted to the position of engineer, which he has since held. His pres- 
 ent run is from Richmond Furnace to Chambersburg, making two trips 
 «ach day and having his home in Richmond. In 1874 he married Lizzie Mul- 
 lan, daughter of John and Elizabeth (McGuire) Mullan. Mr. Wentz is a 
 member of Monterey Lodge, No. 242, L O. O. F., and of Washington En- 
 •campment. 
 
 JACOB B. WINEMAN, merchant, Fannettsburg, is a grandson of George 
 Wineman, who was bom in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1772. In 1817 this 
 George Wineman came with his family to America, and settled in Fannetts- 
 burg, subsequently locating farther up the valley, where he died aged ninety- 
 one years. His son, Henry Wineman, father of Jacob B. , was born in 1811. 
 His mother's maiden name was Christina Waggoner. Henry Wineman mar- 
 ried Catherine Hite, and located on the farm he owns in 1849, being a portion 
 of what is known as the "Riddle Tract." Our subject was born January 1, 
 1843, the third son of his parents, with whom he remained until maturity, his 
 boyhood being spent on the farm. Being clever and adroit with the use of 
 tools he took up the carpenter's trade, at which he worked for about four years. 
 He came to Fannettsburg in January, 1873, and began merchandising, which 
 he has carried on successfully, keeping a general stock of goods and also a 
 livery in connection with his other business. In January, 1866, he took charge 
 of the office as postmaster. His wife, Etta, is the daughter of John and Ada- 
 line (Kearsey) Ramsey. Her paternal grandfather was Robert Ramsey, whose 
 wife was Eleanor Walker, all of this county. Jacob Kearsey was her maternal 
 grandsire and his wife was Jane Bigler, of Newville, Cumberland Co. , Penn. 
 Mr. Wineman has two children, Warren, and John N. 
 
 E. J. ZOOK, M. D., Fannettsburg, was bom in Mifflin County, Penn., 
 March 6, 1841, a son of David M. (a farmer) and Rebecca (Byler) Zook, also 
 natives of Pennsylvania. He was reared on his father' s farm and later attended 
 the National Normal School, Ohio, where he graduated in 1874. He then be- 
 gan the study of medicine and subsequently attended the medical college at 
 Philadelphia, receiving his diploma from that institution in the spring of 1878. 
 After practicing one year in his native county he came to Fannettsburg as the 
 successor of Dr. Flickinger, and here has since enjoyed a good practice. He 
 was married, in January, 1880, to Rebecca J., daughter of William and Ann 
 (Cook) Huey, and a native of Mifflin County, Penn. Two children have been 
 born to this union: Grace A. and William D. Dr. Zook is a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church; in politics a Republican. 
 
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP. 845 
 
 MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP AND BOROUGH OF MER- 
 
 CERSBURG. 
 
 GEORGE W. ATHERTON, lawyer, Mercersburg, was born in Antrim 
 Township, this county, April 18, 1857. His education was obtained at Zeig- 
 ler's Academy, Greencastle, and at Millersville State Normal School. He studied 
 law with the well known firm of Brewer & "Winger of Greencastle and Cham- 
 bersburg, and was admitted to the bar May 5, 1883. In October of that year 
 he came to Mercersburg and established himself in business, and has since had 
 an enviable practice for so young, a lawyer. His paternal grandsire, Thomas 
 Atherton, was born in Cumberland County, Penn. , and came to this county in 
 1819, settling first at Waynesboro; six years later he bought a farm in Antrim 
 Township on which he lived fifty-three years; he was married to Catharine 
 Guitner, who bore "him two sons : Caleb and John. Of these John married 
 Mary E. Lenherr, who became the mother of three children: George W., David 
 T. and Mollie D. John Atherton was one of the brave soldiers who lost their 
 lives in defense of their country, a rebel bullet laying him low at the recapture 
 of Fort Steadman. The Atherton family have been noted educators, and our 
 subject is the third generation engaged in teaching. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 REV. GEORGE W. AUGHINBAUGH, D.D., is a native of Chambersburg. 
 In the spring of 1841 he entered Marshall College, Mercersburg, and graduated 
 in 1844. He was valedictorian on that occasion — the highest honor then con- 
 ferred upon the student. The late Rev. John "W. Nevin, D.D., LL. D., was 
 president of the college, and at his hands the class of 1844 received their first 
 degree in the liberal arts. Soon after his graduation, Mr. Aughinbaugh ac- 
 cepted a position tendered him in the preparatory department. Here he taught 
 four hours a day and at the same time pursued his theological studies. In 
 1846 he was unanimously called to the vacant pastorate of Emmitsburg, Md. , 
 and after consultation with Dr. Nevin, he resigned his position in the prepara- 
 tory department and entered upon pastoral work. After serving the people 
 of Emmitsburg acceptably for a period of ten years, he resigned and opened 
 a classical school in Bedford, Penn. In 1859, he removed to the valley of 
 "Virginia, where he preached the gospel for a time, and then assumed the 
 charge of a female seminary at Orkney Springs. In 1861, when Virginia se- 
 ceded from the Union, he seceded from Virginia and returned to his native 
 State. Here he again entered upon pastoral work. In 1864, impelled by a 
 sense of duty, he resigned his pastoral charge on the banks of the Delaware, 
 and accepted the presidency of Heidelberg College, Tiffin, Ohio; but after a 
 year's residence there, consideration for the health of his wife and family in- 
 duced him to return once more to his native State. "Unanimously recalled to 
 the field he had left vacant in 1864, he again settled down to pastoral work, 
 hoping to end his days in the midst of the kind people he was then serving. 
 In this, however, he was disappointed. In December, 1872, he was called to 
 the presidency of Palatinate College, Myerstown, Penn., and such was the 
 pressure brought to bear upon him to accept, that he could not resist the call. 
 In the spring of 1873 he removed to Myerstown where he labored until June, 
 1881, when he resigned the presidency of Palatinate College, removed to Mer- 
 cersburg, and reopened Mercersburg College. All things considered, he has 
 
846 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 here met with encouraging success, and there is good reason to hope that the 
 day is not far distant when the lecture rooms, once occupied by some of Penn- 
 sylvania's most gifted sons, will again be filled with students. Dr. Aughin- 
 baugh was married twice. His first wife was Miss Mary L. Higbee, of Burling- 
 ton, Vt., sister of Kev. Dr. E. E. Higbee, the present State superintendent 
 of public instruction in Pennsylvania. She died in September, 1867. His 
 second wife, to whom he was married in November, 1872, was Miss Emma K. 
 Keely, of Eosedale, Penn. 
 
 WILLIAM D. BOYD, farmer, P. O. Meroersburg. Joseph Boyd, the 
 great-grandfather of this gentleman, came from Scotland prior to the Eevolu- 
 tionary war, and located at Lancaster County, Penn. Becoming tired of the 
 monotony and lack of business which prevailed there at that time, he moved to 
 Dauphin County, Penn. , where he relinquished an idea he had formed of re- 
 turning to his native land, and bought land in that county. It is related that 
 when he expressed his determination to return to Scotland, that one of his 
 neighbors offered him in exchange for his overcoat 600 acres of choice land, 
 Tfhich he declined. Our subject has a musket which belonged to this great- 
 jrandfather, and which was carried during the Revolutionary war by one of 
 the neighbors, and which was loaned to the State of Pennsylvania, he receiv- 
 ing a bond of £5 Sa; which was to be paid in case the gun was lost, 
 "oseph Boyd's initials were carved on "the cartridge box ornamenting the 
 iock, to identify it, and after being carried through the whole war, the gun 
 was returned to the owner and the bond surrendered. Joseph Boyd died soon 
 after the war. His son, William, born January 5, 1778, came with his wife 
 Martha (Cowden), whom he had married March 6, 1802, to Cumberland 
 County, settling one mile and a half southwest of Newville, and there they 
 lived and died. They were the parents of five sons and three daughters: Eliz- 
 abeth, James C, Joseph, Edward C, William, Matthew B., Mary and Mar- 
 tha, of whom four survive. William (father of our subject) was bom Pebraary 
 27, 1815, and came to this county in company with his brother James, in 1834, 
 and purchased the present farm and adjoining tract in partnership with him. 
 At that date one could ride from his farm to Mercersburg shaded by forest 
 trees even on the sunniest days. William Boyd was an energetic, enterpris- 
 ing man; his elegant farm was cleared, and the fine buildings were all erected 
 by himself; he erected a spacious brick residence in 1852, and the next year 
 was united in marriage to Catharine Lackens. Their domestic life was comr 
 menced and continued under the most favorable circumstances, and the y lived 
 and died in the mansion which was one of the finest in its day. This couple 
 reared a family of three children: Jennie D., WUliam T> and James L., all of 
 whom reside under the roof which has been hallowed by c^ .^any successes and 
 pleasures. The eldest son died in infancy. 
 
 MRS. MARY A. BRADLEY, Mercersburg. The early history of the Brad- 
 ^y family will be found in the sketch of John A. Witherspoon, who married 
 Hetty, a dar-hter of Samuel Bradley. His father settled where Johnston 
 liradlpy now josides, in 1804, and a part of the old mansion, still habitable, 
 was used as a block-house when the Indians were yet troublesome. John 
 iiradley wedded Jane McCurdy, whose father, James McCurdy, came to this 
 country prior to the Revolutionary war, and whose lands were purchased 
 direct from the English Government. Mrs. Mary A. Bradley is a daughter of 
 William Metcalfe, one of the pioneer merchants of Mercersburg, who during 
 tas hfetime was one of the most enterprising men of the borough. Tom Scott, 
 tte celebrated railroad king, was for a number of months clerk in his store. 
 Mr. Metcalfe was a native of Yorkshire, England, and was the architect of his 
 
MONTGOMEBY TOWNSHIP. 847 
 
 own fortunes, accumulated in this country. He built the Baltimore and Pitts- 
 burg pike, and was otherwise engaged in public improvements. The wedding 
 of his daughter, Mary Agnes Metcalfe, with Samuel A. Bradley was celebrated 
 December 17, 1860. Ten years later Mr. Bradley's death was caused by the ac- 
 cidental discharge of a gun while he was hunting; four sons are left to inherit 
 his name: John L., Edgar M., William A. and James W. The first named 
 will devote his attention to veterinary surgery; Edgar M. is a dealer in stock 
 iu Nebraska. 
 
 DAVID CAESON and JEAN (OLIVER) CARSON were of Scotch ances- 
 try, but both born in the North of Ireland, he in 1750, she in 1760. In 1784 
 he emigrated to America and immediately settled at Greencastle, Penn. He 
 afterward visited Ireland, and on July 28, 1788, there married Jean Oliver. 
 The same year he returned with his bride to Greencastle, where both continued 
 to reside until death. He died September 10, 1823, and she died August 5, 
 1839. 
 
 The quaint certificate of good character brought to this country in 1784 by 
 Mr. Carson, and signed by the "dissenting clergyman and other inhabitons 
 of the Parish of Donaghadee and neighborhood of Londonderry, Ireland," and 
 the equally quaint marriage certificate of David Carson and Jean Oliver certify 
 that they "were bred and bom of honest dissenting parents devoted to ye 
 covenanted work of ye Reformation. ' ' Hence their piety, both by inheritance 
 and by reason of their own convictions, was of that earnest, sturdy sort which 
 characterized the followers of John Knox. They were covenanters ' ' after the 
 most straightest Sect ' ' of that religion, but at Greencastle placed themselves 
 under the pastoral care of the Rev. John Youtig, of the Associate Presby- 
 terian Church, whose death occurring in 1803, he was succeeded by the Rev. 
 John Lind. Under the care of these earnest and learned divines, the famUy 
 of David and Jean (Oliver) Carson received not only ministerial instruction, 
 but decided educational advantages. Their iutelligence and moral worth com- 
 manded the highest respect and confidence of the community in which they 
 lived. They were not in affluent circumstances, but by indusiiy and frugality 
 prospered sufficiently to educate and qualify their children for positions of use- 
 fulness and influence in life. 
 
 WILLIAM CAESON, eldest child of David and Jean (Oliver) Carson, was 
 born at Greencastle, Penn., in 1789, and died at Chillicothe, Ohio, January 
 31, 1840. When a youth he was trained to mercantile pursuits at Greencastle. 
 He was a soldier in the war of 1812, enlisting in Capt. Roberson's company 
 of Pennsylvania militia; for a short period associated with James Watson, 
 under the firm name of Carson & Watson ; he engaged in mercantile business 
 at Greencastle. In 1816 he settled at Chillicothe, Ross Co., Ohio, where he 
 soon became an honored, influential citizen and successful merchant. By rea- 
 son of his superior intelligence and sterling honesty, no man in Ross County 
 in his day was held in higher esteem. It is well authenticated that his neigh- 
 bors so confided in his integrity and fairness of judgment as frequently to 
 cease litigation, submit to him points at issue between them, and settle them 
 in accordance with his decision. 
 
 On November 30, 1824, he married at Chillicothe, Eliza Faulkner Claypool, 
 a lady of refined tastes, and of whom much good is reported. She siurvived 
 her husband for many years. 
 
 In vigorous, matured manhood, when deeply interested and taking influen- 
 tial part in public matters, social, political and commercial, at the flood tide 
 of a successful business career, Mr. Carson was cut ofP from this life by a 
 shocking accident. On January 31, 1840, when returning from Frankfort, 
 
84:8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Ohio, where he had established a branch in connection -with his Chillicoth© 
 business, his horse took fright; he was thrown from his carriage and his skull 
 fractured, causing his death in a few hours. 
 
 The record of the children of William and Eliza (Faulkner) Carson is as 
 
 follows- Abraham, bom Februaiy 10, 1826; died October 7, 1827 William, 
 
 bom November 25, 1827;' he is a graduate of Oxford College, Ohio, and of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; now a leading physician of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio. . . .Eliza F., bom August 27, 1829; died February 25, 1863. . . . 
 David, born August 19, 1831; now a resident of Missouri; an iron manufac- 
 turer James C, born in February, 1834, graduated from Oxford College, 
 
 Ohio; he was an attomey at law at Omaha, Neb., where he died August 21, 
 1859. . . . Jane Oliver, bom July 30, 1836; now wife of Hon. Samuel F. Mc- 
 Coy, Chillicothe, Ohio Erskin, born April 16, 1838, was a soldier in the war 
 
 of the Rebellion, a member of the Seventy- third Regiment, Ohio Volunteers; 
 he was seriously wounded at second Bull Run battle, August 30, 1862, from 
 which he has yet a suppurating wound; he was elected clerk of Ross County, 
 Ohio, in 1863, and served three years; he is now a resident of Hillsboro, Ohio, 
 
 and agent of the C, W. & B. Railroad Mary Alice, bom October 1840; 
 
 now resides at Washington, D. C. 
 
 THOMAS CARSON, second son of David and Jean (Oliver) Carson, was bom 
 at Greencastle, Penn., August 6, 1791, and died at Mercersburg, Penn., April 
 26, 1857. His education was not classical, but was so thorough in the En- 
 glish branches as to qualify him to become an instructor of others, and it was 
 in this capacity that he was first employed. After teaching school for some 
 years, he learned the business of hat manufacturing, and subsequently en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits, at Mercersburg. Afterward he was elected 
 magistrate, at which he served for many years, with great acceptance to the 
 people. His most valuable service to the public, however, was as a legislator, 
 he having served ten years in the Senate and House of Representatives, of 
 Pennsylvania. He was a member of the House, four years in 1834-35, 
 and again in 1843-44. He was twice elected to the Senate for terms of 
 three years each. His first term, covering the years 1845—47, and his sec- 
 ond term the years 1851-53, and during his last term as senator, he was 
 elected speaker of the senate. In regard to his career as a legislator, the 
 following has been publicly said : " His sterling integrity and uniform fidel- 
 ity to all official duties intrusted to him stamp him as one of the few public 
 men in our commonwealth, who axe proof against all the seductive influences 
 of public life — one whose large abilities and clear perceptions are overshad- 
 owed by his modest demeanor, and freedom from the arts of the popular poli- 
 tician." In public life he was distinguished as an earnest advocate of the doc- 
 trine of protection to American industry, and of a system of free schools. 
 He was an admirer and strong supporter of Henry Clay, and was devoted to 
 the principles of the old Whig party. 
 
 On March 23, 1815, he was married to Agnes King at Mercersburg, Penn. 
 She was born and reared there, and was a niece of the Revolutionary patriot. 
 Rev. Dr. King, long known and honored in connection with the early history 
 of the Presbyterian Churches of the Cumberland Valley. She died in the sum- 
 mer of 1862, having survived her husband five years. The children of Thomas 
 and Agnes (King) Carson are as follows* Eliza Jane, bom at Mercersburg, 
 Penn., March 23, 1816; married Richard Bard; died at Allegheny City, Penn., 
 
 m winter of 1860-61 Washington King, bom at Mercersburg, Penn., Jtdy4, 
 
 181/; married Mary C. Johnston; was trained to mercantile pursuits in the 
 store of his uncle, James O. Carson, at Mercersburg; settled in Baltimore, 
 
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP. 849 
 
 Md., in April, 1844, where he is still a prominent merchant; he was wel) 
 known there as an active Abolitionist and ' ' Black Eepublican, " so much so, 
 that he was warned by secession acquaintances, to leave the city, after the 
 riot of April 19, 1861, when the "Union troops were fired on during their pas- 
 sage through Baltimore on their way to the capitol Thomas, born at Mer- 
 
 cersburg, Penn., January 26, 1819; married Sarah J. Leiper, of Philadelphia, 
 in 1844; for some years was a merchant in Chillicothe, Ohio; removed tO' 
 Philadelphia about 1853, where he still resides .... William, born at Mercers- 
 burg, Penn., November 7, 1820; married Louisa Ward of Philadelphia, died at 
 ChiUicothe, Ohio, October, 1877 .... Margaret Emeline, born at Mercersburg, 
 Penn., January 26, 1822; married Thomas Johnston; now living in Lawrence 
 County, Penn. . . .David Erskine, born at Mercersburg, Penn., March 18, 1827^ 
 died at Baltimore, Md. , May 3, 1862 .... Eosannah Mary, born at Mercersburg, 
 Penn., November 9, 1828; married William Maxwell Wood, of the United States 
 Navy; died at Owings Mills, Md., June 22, 1885. 
 
 ELIZABETH CARSON, only daughter of David and Jean (Oliver) Car- 
 son, was bom at Greencastle, Penn., in 1793; died November 26, 1851. 
 
 JAMES OLIVER CARSON, third son of David and Jean (Oliver) Carson, 
 was born at Greencastle, Penn. , on February 4, 1796, and died at Mercersburg, 
 Penn. , on June 14, 1870. During a long and active life he was prominent in 
 the business and industrial life and development of southern Pennsylvania. 
 He was for many years an associate judge of Franklin County, and a man of 
 influence and power in the section of the county in which he resided. He was 
 a man of stem but sterling qualities of character, of strong convictions and 
 decided opinions, of unflinching moral courage, of excellent executive ability, 
 and as a disciplinarian in the "family and in business he had few superiors. 
 His education was such as the schools of his native town afforded. At about 
 the age of seventeen or eighteen he left his home and entered the service of 
 John and Hugh Kennedy, at Hagerstown, Md., as a clerk. This firm's busi- 
 ness operations, which included mercantile, milling and other interests were 
 the most extensive in the State of Maryland, at that time outside the city of 
 Baltimore. The Messrs. Kennedy were not only enterprising business men of 
 marked abUity, but were highly cultured Christian gentlemen, one of them, 
 John, being an accomplished Latin, Greek and Hebrew scholar. It was in 
 this school, with such men as instructors, that Mr. Carson received his business 
 training. He always esteemed it a kind providence which cast his lot with 
 them upon leaving the parental home. Until married, his home at Hagers- 
 town was in the family of Mr. John Kennedy, by whom he was taught to speak 
 Pennsylvania German with fluency, as if "to the manor born," an acquire- 
 ment which through life proved to be of great value to him in his business. 
 Soon after reaching his majority he was admitted to an interest in the mercan- 
 tile branch of the business of John & Hugh Kennedy, and continued in busi- 
 ness with them until 1826, when he moved to Mercersburg, where he resided 
 the remaining forty-four years of his life. 
 
 The considerations which suggested and induced his leaving Hagerstown at 
 that time, may at this period be regarded as unique. His business was pros- 
 perous, his social relations satisfactory, but his church connection (Associate 
 Reformed Presbyterian) did not satisfy his mind and conscience. He believed 
 that church was growing lax in doctrine, not "contending for the truth once 
 delivered to the saints," and for that reason decided to remove from Hagers- 
 town and locate where he could enjoy church privileges in connection with a 
 communion whose testimony for the truth accorded with his own views. In 
 these days of rationalism' and tho "new religion," he will be regarded by 
 
850 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 many as a very narrow minded man upon questions of religious doctrine, but there 
 can be no doubt of the conscientious sincerity of his belief. Since he always 
 had the courage of his convictions upon issues both secular and religious, his 
 decision to leave Hagerstown and the reasons therefore, were entirely consistent 
 with his character. After deciding- to make a change, he for some time bal- 
 anced in his mind between making Baltimore City or Mercersburg his futwe 
 home. The scale was turned in favor of the latter by the fact that an Associ- 
 ate Presbyterian Church was established there, and that he would be within 
 easy reach of his widowed mother, then still living, at Greencastle. On the 
 2d of January, 1821, he was married to Eosanna Marshall White, by the Eev. 
 John Lind, at Hagerstown. Her great-grandfather, John White, who was an 
 Englishman, came to this country about 1725 and settled in New Jer- 
 sey. Her grandfather, Peter White, in early manhood settled in Washington 
 {then Frederick) County, Md. , and took up a large body of land then known 
 by the names of "End the Strife," " Whiskee, " ' and " Toddy," and situated 
 on both banks of the now historic Antietam Creek. 
 
 There he married Margaret Stull, by whom he had eight children. The 
 oldest, Sarah, married John Wagoner, and was the mother of Mrs. John Ken- 
 nedy. Another daughter was the mother of Rev. Edward Geary — a Presby- 
 terian divine, who for many years lived and recently died in Oregon — and of 
 John White Geary, a soldier in the war with Mexico, the first mayor of San 
 Francisco, a general in the Union Army in the war of the Rebellion, and for 
 two terms governor of Pennsylvania. Another daughter was Mrs. DursiUa 
 Holt, for many years a bed-ridden cripple, who made her home with Mrs. Wag- 
 oner at ' ' End the Strife. ' ' And stiU another was Mrs. Watts, who moved 
 ' ' west to Pittsburgh. ' ' The sons of Peter White were Isaac Stull — who married 
 Miss Eench of Washington County, Md. , and was for two terms high sheriff 
 of that county ; two otiter sons who died single after ' ' sowing a crop of wild 
 oats, ' ' and John White. The latter was a soldier in the war of the Rev- 
 olution, and the father of Mrs. James O. Carson. He married Ellen WiHiams, 
 who was of Welsh ancestry, and settled in the Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland 
 County, Penn. , where Mrs. Carson was bom on May 2, 1791. She died at Mer- 
 cersburg on September 24, 1879. About 1805 or 1806 she traveled on horse- 
 back from Westmoreland County to Hagerstown to make her home with her 
 aunt, Mrs. Sarah White, widow of John Wagoner, who lived at the old 
 homestead of Peter White ("End the Strife "). She lived with this aunt until 
 M^y, 1818, when upon the death of her cousin, Mrs. Margaret Wagner, wife 
 of John Kennedy, she entered his family and took charge of his house. Thus 
 she and Mr. Carson became members of the same household. 
 
 On the 15th of November, 1817, an Associate Reformed Presbyterian 
 Church was organized at Hagerstown under the pastorate of Eev. John Lind. 
 On the roll of those joining that organization and uniting with the church 
 upon profession of their faith, are the names of Eosanna Marshall White and 
 James O. Carson. Of the communion service the next day, November 16, it 
 is recorded that it was the first ever held and celebrated there in the English 
 language. Mrs. Carson was equally a friend to the rich and the poor. To 
 know that others were in distress or need quickened her pulse and gave out- 
 ward action to her sympathy. She was a Christian wife and mother in the 
 most comprehensive meaning of those endearing titles. In her eighty-ninth 
 year she was gathered to her fathers, and until within two hours of her en- 
 trance into heavenly rest her intellect was clear and bright as in the prime of 
 womanhood. 
 
 The field of Mr. Carson' s business operations was not one that offered oppor- 
 
MONTGOMEEY TOWNSHIP. 851 
 
 tunity for colossal transactions, yet his energy and sagacity created business of 
 no mean proportions, when his surroundings and the period of his activity are 
 considered. After leaving Hagerstown, in 1826, the center of his business 
 operations was his country store at Mercersburg, the stock of which embraced 
 everything from needles and grindstones to silks aod satins, from jews-harps 
 and fiddle-strings to fine laces and broadcloth. This business, multiform in 
 its details, and probably as extensive as any of a mercantile character in the 
 county at that period, was the center but not the limit of his operations. 
 While managing it he owned and conducted a paper-mill at Cove Gap, estab- 
 lished a branch store, owned farms, built and operated a flour-mill in Well's 
 Valley, Fulton County; was a large dealer in agricultural real estate, buying, 
 improving and selling many farms; was executor and administrator of numer- 
 ous estates, and later owned and, in connection with his son David, operated 
 a steam fiour-mill at Mercersburg. In the midst of his enterprising, earnest 
 business life he did not forget or neglect his duty to his family, to his church, 
 or to the community in which he lived. In his family, in the training of his 
 children during their earlier years, he practiced the same exacting discipline 
 which characterized his business methods. He was especially diligent in per- 
 sonally instructing them in that system of worship and faith set forth in the 
 " Westminster Confession and Catechism," which, with his whole soul and 
 mind, he believed to be the very essence of divine, infallible truth. Under 
 such discipline his children during childhood and youth respected and loved 
 him, but experienced restraint in his presence. When they reached years of 
 discretion he became their congenial companion and confidant. The rigid rules 
 of his household relaxed and the sterner features of his character softened as 
 he grew cheerfully and gracefully old. These changes were manifest to the 
 oatside world, but were most marked in his own home. His devotion and lib- 
 erality to the church of his choice, his sincere belief in divine authority for her 
 doctrine, and his love for her ordinances, may be inferred from the considera- 
 tions already hoticed, which prompted and induced him to change his home 
 and business from Hagerstown to Mercersburg. 
 
 All public enterprises, especially educational, which aimed to promote the 
 general welfare of the community in which he lived, he advocated with charac- 
 teristic energy, and contributed largely to their success. One of the helpful 
 ways in which he served that community was by promptly recognizing the in- 
 dustry, energy and honesty of worthy young men outside of his own family 
 connection, and aiding them with money and by counsel to establish themselves 
 in business. One of those thus helped thirty-five years ago, when interrogated 
 sixteen years after the death of Mr. Carson with a view to learning some facts 
 for this sketch, closed the interview, the tears trickling down his cheeks, with 
 this expression: "I just tell you, you can't say too much that is good about 
 Mr. ' Jimmie O. Carson. He took hold »f me and made a man of me. When I 
 wasn't worth 50 cents ho loaned me 1300, and gave me a letter of credit to 
 Philadelphia, that got me all the iron and other material to start my little 
 machine shop. " This is but one of many instances in which it was Mr. Car- 
 son's delight to make the rough places smooth for those who were honest and 
 industrious but needing help. He aimed to aid such, not by that charity 
 which begets dependency and beggary, but to aid them to help themselves, ana 
 thus develop in them self-reliance and true manhood. 
 
 Mr. Carson had little taste for public life or ambition for political prefei*- 
 ment. He, however, took an active interest in all political and other issues 
 whether to be settled by the ballot or otherwise. When such issues had a moral 
 phase he became especially active ind earnest. He was an ardent anti-Mason, 
 
852 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and exerted all his powers in opposition to Masonry during the years this ques- 
 tion played so large a part in Pennsylvania politics. This was the period com- 
 mencing about 1829, and continuing until after the election of Kitner as gov- 
 ernor and the legislative investigation of Masonry. He was equally as ardent 
 an anti-slavery man, taking a most active and decided part in opposition 
 thereto. As an instance of this, about the year 1838, an anti-slavery lecturer 
 named Blanchard came to Mercersburg, but failed to secure a room in which 
 to speak. Upon coming out of one of the churches he was mobbed by a crowd 
 composed largely of Southern students of Marshall College, then located at 
 Mercersburg. Mr. Carson, with others, without weapons, faced the mob, and 
 by force of character and mojral courage quelled it and rescued its victim. The 
 community was for some time afterward much excited over this occurrence, 
 and much bitter feeling was engendered by it. Mr. Carson lost no opportu- 
 nity of denouncing the mob and those who sympathized with it. He contin- 
 ued a Whig until that party ceased to exist, and then became a Republican. 
 During the Rebellion he was active in raising troops and furnishing supplies 
 for the "Union Army. When the rebels were in southern Pennsylvania three of 
 their pickets rode one day into Mercersburg. They were fired upon by three 
 Union soldiers, "who were concealed in the Diamond of the town. One of the 
 rebels was killed, and the horse of another was shot from under him. The 
 dismounted rebel ran and turned the corner at which Mr. Carson' s house was 
 situated. Mr. Carson at once gave chase, calling lustily ' ' surrender, surren- 
 der!" The rebel finding himself hotly and closely pursued, stopped, threw up 
 his hands and surrendered himself, his carbine and sword to the old gentle- 
 man whose only weapon was a walking stick. 
 
 In 1856 Mr. Carson was nominated by the Republican party for associate 
 judge. The election resulting in a tie vote in the county, he was appointed 
 to that position by Gov. Pollock. He was afterward elected to it in 1861, 
 serving until 1866. He was offered the nomination as candidate of the Repub- 
 lican party for the State Legislature, but he declined it on the •ground that he 
 could spend his time more pleasantly and profitably with his family, and that 
 there were others quite as well qualified to serve the public. 
 
 The record of the children of James O. and Rosanna M. Carson is as fol- 
 lows: Ebenezer Erskin, born at Hagerstown, Md. , November 4, 1822; died 
 
 at Hagerstown, Md., February 1, 1823 David, bom at Hagerstown, Md., 
 
 March 23, 1824; married Mary E. Patterson in September, 1845; died at Bal- 
 timore, Md., September 13, 1862? at the time of his death he was a soldier in 
 the Union Army, Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteer Infantry .... Ellen Jane, born at Hagerstown, Md. , April 
 12, 1826; married Duncan James McNaughton in September, 1845; died at 
 
 Mercersburg, October 1, 1881 Elizabeth Erskin, bom at Mercersburg, 
 
 Penn., March 18, 1828; married Thomas Clarkson Grove in 1852; died at 
 
 Mercersburg, July 1, 1869 James White, born at Mercersburg, Penn., 
 
 February 12, 1830; married Rebecca M. Darrah, December 15, 1857; settled 
 in Philadelphia in 1849, where he has since resided, engaged in mercantile and 
 
 manufacturing pursuits John Lind, born at Mercersburg, Aiigtist 30, 1832; 
 
 married Mary Masters Ruely; settled in Nebraska in 1856, where he estab- 
 lished the first banking house in that (then Territory) State, and has since 
 resided and been engaged at banking there. 
 
 REV. DAVID CARSON, fourth son of David and Jean (Oliver) Carson, was 
 bom at Greencastle, Penn., October 25, 1799, and died at Canonsburg, Penn., 
 September 2.5, 1834. Largely through the influence of Rev. John Lind, un- 
 der whose pastoral care he spent his youth, he decided to devote his life to 
 
MONTGOMEBY TOWNSHIP. 853 
 
 the work of a Christian minister, and it was under his instruction that he pre- 
 pared himself for entering Jefferson College, at Cannonaburg, Penn. , where he 
 graduated in 1819. During his college life he made public profession of his 
 faith in connection with the Associate Reformed Church. About that time, 
 Mr. Carson experienced great perplexity and distress of mind by reason of the 
 bitter controversy in the church of his choice, on the subject of open commun- 
 ion, a controversy which resulted in the withdrawal of a large portion of it, 
 which united witii the General Assembly Presbyterian Church. This state of 
 mind seems to have caused him to hesitate for a time in carrying out his pur- 
 pose to enter the ministry. He, however, entered upon a course of theological 
 study, which he prosecuted at the seminary of the Associate Reformed Church 
 at New York, during the winters of 1820-22. The following winter, 1822-23, 
 he continued his studies at the seminary of the Associate Presbyterian Church 
 at Philadelphia, under Rev. Dr. Banks, chiefly with a view to perfecting him- 
 self in Hebrew, Dr. Banks being at that time esteemed one of the most emi- 
 nent Hebrew scholars in America. During the latter year, after a long and 
 severe mental conflict, he decided to connect himself with the Associate Pres- 
 byterian Church, better known as Seceders. After passing through the 
 usual trials he was licensed to preach the Gospel, October 8, 1823, by the Asso- 
 ciate Presbyterian Presbytery of Philadelphia. Under the rules of that 
 church, licentiates on probation for the office of the ministry were required 
 to itinerate as missionaries for at least one year. This service he seems to have 
 performed with great acceptance, as during the year of his itineracy he re- 
 ceived five or six calls from parishes scattered through nearly as many States. 
 He accepted that from the parish composed of the congregations of Big 
 Spring, Pistol Creek and Munroe, Blount Co. , Tenn. , giving these congrega- 
 tions the preference, because he believed them less likely to secure a pas- 
 tor by reason of their isolated position. He was ordained to the work of the 
 ministry and installed pastor of those congregations, October, 1824, where he 
 labored for about ten years. In 1827 he was married to Jane, daughter of 
 James and Elenor (Corran) Gillespie, who were connected with one of his con- 
 gregations. Her family was one of great respectability, her father being a 
 man of superior intelligence and of commanding influence in Blount County. 
 
 Mr. Carson was a man of fervent piety and attained high rank as a scholar. 
 His intellectual endowments were of a high order and in respect to mental and 
 moral qualities he was distinguished among his associates at college and among 
 his ministerial brethren. In his public ministrations he displayed marked 
 ability. His delivery was not rapid but distinct and emphatic. He had a 
 noble voice, strong, clear, but not harsh, which he modulated according to his 
 own will, now lowering it to a whisper distinctly audible throughout the church, 
 however large, and in an instant raising it to ringing trumpet tones. In Octo- 
 ber, 1833, the Associate Presbyterian Synod of North America elected him 
 professor of Hebrew, Biblical antiquities, chronology and church history in the 
 seminary of that church, then located at Cannonsburg, Penn. This position he 
 accepted, resigned his pastoral charge in East Tennessee, and in the spring of 
 1834 removed with his family to his expected field of labor. There he received 
 a call from the Associate Presbyterian Congregation of "Washington, Penn. 
 and accepted intending to discharge the duties of both professor and pastor. 
 He did not live to enter upon the duties of his professorship. His excessive 
 labor in his widely scattered charge in East Tennessee; the journey with his 
 family of over 600 miles by private conveyance which brought him to Can- 
 nonsburg — the fatigue of which was greatly increased by the care of a num- 
 ber of negroes who had been manumitted by their master and committed to his 
 
854 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 charge to be settled in the free States— enfeebled his naturally robust and vig- 
 orous constitution. Soon after reaching his new field of labor he was pros- 
 trated by disease and medical skiU proved unavailing. In the prune of man- 
 hood in the zenith of his usefulness he passed away from earth, his death being 
 in every way worthy of the devoted Christian life which had preceded it. 
 
 The record of the children of Rev. David and Jane (Gillespie) Carson is as 
 follows • Rev. David Walker Carson, D. D., born in Blount County, E. 
 Tenn , October 21, 1830, graduated from Jefferson College in 1847, was 
 licensed January 7, 1851, and ordained October 5, 1852. He was pastor 
 at -Service, Beaver Co., Penn., from 1852 to 1877; now and since 1877, pastor 
 at Burgettstown, Washington Co., Penn. Rev. James Gillespie Carson, 
 D D., born in Blount County, E. Tenn., February 11, 1833, graduated 
 from Jefferson College in 1848, licensed in June, 1855, ordained in Novem- 
 ber, 1856. He was pastor at Buffalo and Cannonsburg, Penn., until 1869; 
 now pastor and professor of homiletics and pastoral theology in the seminary 
 of the United Presbyterian Church, at Xenia, Ohio. 
 
 H. G. CHRITZMAN, M. D., Welsh Run, was born in Harrisburg, Penn., 
 in 1835; son of Henry and Margaret (Ziegler) Chritzman. He received an 
 academic education and studied the languages under a private preceptor. Un- 
 der the tutelage of Dr. William Grubb of Greencastle^ Penn., he acquired 
 considerable knowledge of medicine and in the autumn of 1857 matriculated at 
 the medical college, Philadelphia, Penn., graduating from there in 1859. He 
 began practice at Keedysville, Washington Co., Md., remaining until the late 
 war of the Rebellion, when he became contract surgeon in charge of the sick 
 and wounded of Best' s United States Battery, on the Potomac, continuing until 
 after the battle of Antietam. In November, 1863, he was commissioned assist- 
 ant surgeon of the Eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, and in October, 
 1864, was commissioned surgeon, with rank of major, of the Fifty-seventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and the same year was assigned brigade sur- 
 geon of the Second Brigade, Third Division of the Second Army Corps, Maj. - 
 Gen. A. A. Humphries commanding, continuing in that position until the close 
 of the war. During the time of his service as assistant surgeon he was assigned 
 to duty in the District of Columbia, in charge of Geesboro Point camp of 
 dismounted cavalry, which formed the nucleus of what afterward became the 
 noted Geesboro General Hospital. During his term of service, in 1863, 
 he married Miss Emma A. , daughter of Joseph Newcomer, of Baltimore, Md. 
 Although possessing all the skill and education necessary to place him at the 
 head of the profession in a large city. Dr. Chritzman, at the solicitation of 
 his wife, who desired a home in the country, in 1865 located at Welsh Run, 
 this county. Success has attended his efforts and he has not only established a 
 large and lucrative practice but has gained a meritorious position in the social 
 and political world. He is ex-president of the Franklin County Medical So- 
 ciety, a permanent member of the American association, likewise of the State 
 association. In 1874 Dr. Chritzman was chosen by the Republicans to repre- 
 sent them in the State Legislature, but was defeated by a majority of seven 
 votes in Franklin County. In 1884 he was again a candidate and elected, and 
 his record has given him a most enviable prominence in the Republican party 
 in his county and State. To Dr. Chritzman and wife were born four children 
 of whom three are living: Nellie, wife of John S. Brewer; Harry Brant and 
 Clarence Armor. The eldest two obtained a classical education in Mercers - 
 burg College, and Harry completed his at Lafayette College, of Easton, Penn. , 
 is now reading medicine with his father and will complete his medical educa- 
 tion in the near future. The Doctor has his home in one of the most fertile 
 
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP. 855 
 
 regions of the State, and is living in a style suitable to the true country gen- 
 tleman of modern times, surrounded by books, music and asocial family; and 
 the delights of his home are appreciated by the many city friends who find 
 there a cordial host and hostess to make them welcome. Hon. H. G. Chritz- 
 man was again nominated by the Republican party as their candidate for Leg- 
 islative honors in May, 1886, and was re-elected by a largely increased major- 
 ity in the November following. 
 
 JACOB B. CUSHWA, farmer, Mercersburg. In 1827 John Cushwa, a 
 native of Washington County, Md. , was united in marriage with Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Jacob and Mary M. (Angle) Brewer. Jacob Brewer, Sr., was 
 one of the pioneers of Montgomery Township and his land was carefully 
 selected by Botzyergoll, an Englishman, who lived where Jacob Freeze now 
 resides. A patent for part of the present Cushwa farm was obtained by Jacob 
 Brewer, who was not only one of the first settlers but also one of the most en- 
 terprising men of his day. Many relics, such as arrow-heads, stone hatchets, 
 etc. , have been found on this farm, which show it to have been one of the fa- 
 vorite hunting grounds of the Indians. It is well watered with a never- failing 
 .spring. Jacob Brewer reared eleven children, who became people of note. 
 By marriage the Brewers are related to the Camerons. In 1846 John Cushwa 
 purchased the farm from Jacob Brewer, and for many years was a prominent 
 man in this township-, he was a firm friend of the celebrated Dr. Philip 
 SchafF, the noted Biblical authority, who spent many of his leisure hours on 
 the old farm. John Cushwa died in February, 1886, his wife in 1883. They 
 reared five children, four living: Mrs. Amanda Martin, D. Oscar, Jacob B., 
 Eliza J., Anne (married to Simon Crambaugh, died leaving no issue). Our 
 subject was married to Laura Brener, of Knox County, 111. , and by her has 
 one son and two daughters: John, a medical student, Alice and Mabel. Mr. 
 Cushwa enlisted in 1862 in Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Eegi- 
 ment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was in Humphrey's division; he 
 received a wound at the battle of Fredericksburg which is a perpetual re- 
 minder of his gallantry while on the field. The Cushwa family have been 
 noted for their Union sentiment, and for liberality to all projects that advanced 
 the best interests of the community. 
 
 REV. WM. M. DEATEICK, was born January 22, 18"23, in Adams 
 County, Penn. His parents were Nicholas and Margaret (Miller) Deatrick. 
 He entered the preparatory department of Marshall College at Mercersburg, 
 Penn. , in 1842. Two years later he was admitted into the Freshman Class and 
 graduated from said college in September, 1848. In 1851 he graduated from 
 the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in the United States, then 
 located at Mercersburg. He was regularly licensed to preach the gospel in 
 August, 1852, and on the following Christmas was ordained to the work of the 
 Christian ministry and installed pastor of the Huntingdon charge, Pennsyl- 
 vania. In 1856, he became pastor of the Yellow Creek charge in Bedford 
 County, Penn. , which he served with acceptance for almost seven years. In 
 December, 1862, he was called to the Friend's Cove pastorate, in which he 
 labored successfully for upward of twelve years. In AprU, 1875, he moved to 
 Mercersburg, and entered upon his duties as financial agent of Mercersburg 
 College, to which he had been called. In 1880 he was chosen President of the 
 Board of Regents of Mercersburg College, which position he has since held and 
 continues to occupy. He is also President of "The Society for the Relief of 
 Ministers and their Widows of the Reformed Church in the United States," 
 which was chartered in 1810. He has served as the Stated Clerk of the Synod 
 of the Potomac since its organizaton in April, 1873, and likewise of the Mer- 
 
g56 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 cereburg Classis for the period of thirty consecutive years. Since 1875, he 
 has also been the treasurer of the Board of Education of said Synod and also of 
 the said Classis from 1872 to this time. These positions of trust show the 
 esteem and confidence in which he is held by his feUow churchmen. In 1852 
 Eev Deatrick was united in holy wedlock with Miss Harriet Peyton Sohn, 
 daughter of J. Conrad and Ann (Ranson) Sohn. She was a native of Virginia, 
 her maternal ancestry being related by marriage to Gen. George Washington, 
 the first President of the United States. Mrs. Deatrick died Aiigust 3, 1884. 
 Three children have blessed the union of our subject and wife: William Wilber- 
 force, Edward Ranson and Anna Margaret. The sons are graduates of Mercers- 
 burg College, and the daughter of the female department of the same institu- 
 tion. Both sons are likewise graduates of the Theological Seminary of the Re- 
 formed Church at Lancaster, Penn,, and have been ordained to the work of 
 the holy ministry. Rev. W. W. Eeatrick, the elder of the two, and intermar- 
 ried with Emma J. Balliet, of Milton, Penn., is Principal of the Clarion Col- 
 legiate Institute, at Rimersburg, Clarion Co., Penn., with which he has 
 been connected since January, 1884. Rev. E. R. Deatrick is the efficient pas- 
 tor of the Woodberry Mission, Baltimore, Md. 
 
 JOHN ECKERT, coachmaker, Mercersburg, was born January 29, 1837, 
 in Kreuznach, Prussia. In 1855 he came to America, landing in New York 
 City January 27 of that year. His brothers, Charles and Jacob, and sisters, 
 Mrs. Mary Shaffer and Mrs. Catharine Mosser, had preceded him, and were 
 engaged in business at Mercersburg, Penn. Our subject at once apprenticed 
 himself to Cornelius Louderbaugh, who carried on an extensive coach shop, 
 and so attentive was he to business, and so expert did he become, that Mr. 
 Louderbaugh employed him for thirteen consecutive years. In 1862 Mr. 
 Eckert enlisted in Company C, One Hundred- and Twenty-sixth Regiment, 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. Soon after his return from service he was 
 drafted, but was excused. A short time after this he re-enlisted, this timiB in 
 Company D, Twenty-first Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and 
 served until the close of the war. He is one of the heroes who fought at Chan- 
 cellors ville, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and in numerous other engagements. 
 After peace was declared he returned to Mercersburg, Penn. , formed a part- 
 nership with his former employer, and four years later purchased the shop 
 and good will of William "Guyer, and has continued alone to this date. Mr. 
 Eckert is one of Mercersburg's self-made men and owns one of the live 
 business enterprises of the place. June 27, 1861, he was wedded to Mary E., 
 daughter of Robert and Mary A. (Duncan) Parker. Robert Parker is living 
 with his daughter (Mrs. Eckert) and has reached the ripe age of eighty-three 
 years. Mr. Eckert has been for a number of years a member of the Reformed 
 Church. He has served as a member of the town council. 
 
 REV. JOSEPH H. FLEMING, Welsh Run, was born in Belleville, Mifflin 
 Co., Penn., June 18, 1841; son of James and Betsey E. (Wills) Fleming. He 
 was reared on a farm and received his classical education at Jefferson College, 
 from which he graduated in 1865. The next year he entered the Allegheny 
 City Theological Seminary, graduating in 1869. The following year he was 
 ordained evangelist by the Northumberland Presbytery and placed in charge 
 of the Presbyterian Church at Centralia, Columbia Co. , Penn. Two years later 
 he received a call from the Robert Kennedy Memorial Presbyterian Church, at 
 Welsh Run, which was accepted, and for thirteen years he has been the be- 
 loved pastor of that charge. This is one of the early churches of the county, 
 and the pioneer Christians used to worship in it, coming for mUes on foot or 
 horseback for the purpose, and carrying their guns to protect them from the 
 
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP. 857 
 
 attacks of Indians who were troublesome at that period. (A history of this 
 church from its organization will be found elsewhere in this volume.) In May, 
 1874, our subject was married to Maggie F. Boyle of Pottsville, Penn., and the 
 young couple commenced their domestic life in the parsonage on Welsh Run 
 where many happy days have been spent, and where their hearts have been 
 gladdened by the birth of five children. The opportunity for education is good 
 even in this small village. Kennedy Academy, erected in 1875 by Elias D. 
 Kennedy and presented by him to the church, was managed for several years 
 by Rev. Fleming, but the patronage decreased by reason of removals, etc. 
 and the school is now temporarily suspended. Our subject has been an 
 indefatigable Worker, and during his pastorate has increased the membership 
 of the church from twelve to sixty odd members exclusive of deaths and re- 
 movals. 
 
 BANNER GRAVES, farmer, P. O. Mercersburg. The great-grandfather 
 of this gentleman came from New Jersey and settled in Bedford, now a part of 
 Fulton Coxmty, Penn. About 1786 his son, John, was twice married and by 
 his first wife had the following named children: Samuel, Joseph, Banner and 
 Mary. His second marriage was with Annie Mann, who bore him one son, 
 Denton. This -couple resided on the paternal homestead, and what is some- 
 thing remarkable, the father, grandfather and great-grandfather are aU buried 
 in that hallowed ground which is now owned by Col. Chestnut, near Mason 
 and Dickson' s line. The son of John Graves, Samuel, born November 28, 1796, 
 was married September 16, 1827, to Mary Swigart who was born February 10, 
 1802, a daughter of George Swigart who came from Lancaster County, Penn- 
 sylvania, about 1800. George Swigart purchased the farm, called "Pleas- 
 ant Hill," now owned by onr subject, and with his young wife made 
 all the improvements, and here reared and educated a famUy of seven 
 children. To-day none of the name of this family reside in the State. Mrs 
 Mary Graves was •bom, reared, married, lived, died, (aged seventy-one) and is 
 buried on this farm; she was the mother of five children, of whom two passed 
 the age of childhood: George S., who died at the age of seventeen, and Ban- 
 ner, who was bom May 23, 1842. July 25, 1863, our subject enlisted in 
 Company K, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Calvalry serving mostly in Pennsylvania. 
 After his return from service he engaged in farming and fruit growing. 
 January 1, 1866, he wedded Mary J. Swigart of St. Thomas Township, this 
 county, a great-granddaughter of Christian Swigart, who came originally 
 from Germany and was remotely related to the mother of our subject. Five 
 children graced this union: Harry, Clara, Mac, Bert and Dick, all of whom are 
 living. January 11, 1874, the first Mrs. Graves passed away, and June 26, 
 1884, our subject married Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Susan (Nazer) 
 Buterbaugh; of Welsh Run, this county. To this union were bom two chil- 
 dren: Mamie R., who died when five months old, and Jacob Russel. Banner 
 Graves is a member of Mt. Pisgah Lodge, No. 443, A. P. & A. M., and Mar- 
 shall Lodge, No. 338, I. O. O. F. He is a man of enterprise and culture. In 
 politics he is a stanch Democrat. The family are members of the Reformed 
 Church in Mercersburg. 
 
 REV. HENRY HARBAUGH, D. D., was born October 28, 1817, at the 
 foot of South Mountain, in the northeastern part of Franklin County, Penn. , 
 near the boundary of Maryland. His birthplace is a substantial two -story, 
 double-front stone house, at the old Hagerstown and Gettysburg road. 
 Tost Harbaugh, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a 
 Swiss, who, with his family, came to America in 1736, and first settled in 
 Maxatawny Valley in Berks County, Penn. midway between Reading and 
 
 48 
 
358 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Allenton. They were members of the Eeformed Church in Switzerland, and 
 they and their descendants continued in her communion. In 1743 they moved 
 to York County, on Kreutz Creek, as you go from Columbia to York. Jacob, 
 the third son of Yost Harbaugh, on his marriage in 1761, moved to the north- 
 western part of Frederick County, Md., into a small valley, which, because he 
 was one of the first settlers, took the name of " Harbaugh' s Valley," which it 
 still bears. Jacob's son George, being the tenth child, on his marriage, settled 
 in Franklin County, Penn., on what is known now as the " Harbaugh Home," 
 as above located. He is the father of Henry Harbaugh. Henry Harbaugh' s 
 mother was of German descent, bom in Lancaster County. Her paternal name 
 was Snyder, originally spelled Schneider. Her parents moved to Washington 
 County, Md. , when she was six years old. Harbaugh was a Pennsylvania Ger- 
 man by birth. His parents were Christians, members of the Eeformed Church. 
 Their children were baptized in infancy and received religious training. When 
 Henry was yet a boy, Eev. F. A. SchoU, then pastor of the family, on giving good- 
 bye at the front door after a pastoral visit, laid his hand on Henry's head and said 
 to his father, ' ' This boy ought to become a minister of the gospel. ' ' That re- 
 mark had the effect of a call from God to the boy; from that day forward he was 
 obedient to the call. When about fifteen years old he was instructed in the 
 Christian faith by Eev. G. W. Glessner, then his pastor, in the use of the 
 Heidelberg Catechism, and in due time was received into full communion with 
 the Eeformed Church at Waynesboro by a public profession of his faith in the 
 rite of confirmation. Until in his nineteenth year he continued on the farm at 
 home, though he felt a strong impulse to study, and he availed himself of every 
 opportunity to cultivate his mind. Fond of working in wood he, for a time, 
 wrought at the trade of a mUlwright. But his desires lay entirely in another 
 direction. He wished to go to school, to take a college course, to prepare for 
 the ministry. But his father did not comprehend the aspirations that were 
 struggling in his bosom, and gave him no encouragement. By and by the 
 youth got his parents' consent to visit some relatives in Ohio, and to seek 
 work there. He soon found employment. He wrought at building mills. 
 Meauwhile he kept one object steadily in view, a college course, the ministry. 
 He turned every chance to account for study. While working at a mill he 
 selected a bolting-chest for a study, secured candles, shut himself in it, and 
 while his fellow workmen were spending their evenings in idleness and 
 folly he pored over his books. When he had earned nearly 1200 his em- 
 ployer failed, and he lost all. But he kept right on. He worked, taught 
 school, gave lessons in singing, husbanded his savings for three years, and, 
 in 1840, with some funds in his pocket, he applied for admission into the 
 freshman class in Marshall College, then at Mercersburg, Penn. He passed 
 through the freshman and sophomore classes, and spent the third year in study- 
 ing theology. Meanwhile his father saw the bent of his son's mind and came 
 to his help. In 1843 Mr. Harbaugh was licensed to preach, and settled at 
 Lewisburg, Penn. , where he labored seven years, serving a number of congre- 
 gations and building a new church. Just before entering on his work here he 
 was married to Miss Louisa Goodrich, of Carroll County, Ohio, who died in 
 the spring of 1847, as also did a child a few weeks old, thus leaving him and 
 a Uttle daughter alone. In the fall of 1848 he married Miss Mary Louisa, 
 daughter of James F. Linn Esq. , of Lewisburg, Penn. , who still survives him. 
 Ten children were born to them, four of whom preceded their father to the 
 heavenly home. At Lewisburg Mr. Harbaugh began his career as a writer for 
 theological reviews, church papers, etc., and as an author. In 1849 he pub- 
 lished his first book, "The Sainted Dead." In 1850 he founded the "Guard- 
 
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP. §59 
 
 ian," a monthly magazine devoted to the young, "without funds and without 
 patronage;" edited it himself for seventeen years, and it is still published. In 
 1850 he accepted a call to the First Eeformed Church at Lancaster, Penn. 
 where he labored for ten years, and built one of the finest churches at that time 
 in the denomination. In 1851 he published a second book, ' ' The Heavenly 
 Kecognition," and in 1853 the third volume, " The Heavenly Home. " Other 
 books followed as, " The Lord's Portion;" in 1855, " Union with the Church " 
 "The Birds of the Bible," beautifully illustrated; in 1857, ."Schlatter's Life 
 and Travels," and "The Fathers of the Reformed Church," two volumes- in 
 1858, " The True Glory of "Woman," "A Book of Poems;" in 1860, "The 
 Golden Censer." During these ten years he had a large charge to look after 
 with all the duties this involves. In 1860 he accepted a call to St. John's 
 Reformed Church, Lebanon, Penn. In 1861 he issued another book, "Hymns 
 and Chants." In October, 1863, he was elected by the synod to the office of 
 professor of systematic and practical theology, in the seminary of the Re- 
 formed Church then at Mercersburg, Penn. He entered on his duties January 
 1, 1864. He died at the end of 1867. His inaugural address on Christologi- 
 cal theology was published in book form. As professor in the seminary he 
 wrought out a full course of lectures on dogmatics, itself a work of immense 
 labor; and a fuU course lectures on practical theology, and on catechetics, and 
 on cultuB, and on the pastoral work. These lectures contained matter enough 
 for a good sized octavo volume in each case. Then he prepared lectures on 
 homiletis, on symbolics, on the history of reformed dogmatics, and on the 
 ' ' Heidelberg catechism. ' ' The mere mention of these topics gives no adequate 
 conception at all of the labor involved. During this time he preached almost 
 every Sunday, wrote for various periodicals, and edited the Guardian until 
 January, 1867, when he undertook to Revive and edit the Mercersburg Review. 
 In 1867 he published " The Child's Catechism," and " Youth in Earnest." 
 
 He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Union College, 
 New York, in 1860. During the last fifteen years of his life his Synod and 
 Classis made constant demands on him for special work, which he cheerfully 
 did. He was associated with almost all the important boards and committees. 
 He was the prime mover in the celebration by the whole church, in 1863, in 
 Philadelphia, of the 300th anniversary of the formation and adoption of the 
 Heidelberg catschism, and was chiefly instrumental in making the jubilee a 
 success. He originated the first Reformed Church almanac, and afterward 
 annually prepared the reading matter for it. Harbaugh was a poet. Much 
 of his prose has a rich poetical vein pervading it. He wrote some hymns that 
 will live on in the worship of the church. He is the first Pennsylvania Ger- 
 man poet of abiding merit. As Hebel, the Alemannian bard, embodied the 
 patois of his country in immortal verse, so Dr. Harbaugh embodied the Penn- 
 sylvania German in poems that will not die. After his death they were 
 gathered up and published in book form. As a preacher. Dr. Harbaugh was 
 fresh, instructive, sympathetic, full of unction and power. In his pastoral 
 work he was a faithful shepherd to the sheep, and he folded the lambs in his 
 arms. As an author, his books were well received, passing through many 
 editions, and they are still eagerly read. In the summer and fall of 1867 a 
 shadow gathered over his brain and gradually prostrated him. But he trusted 
 in God and was not afraid. He awaited his Master' s good pleasure. One day, 
 toward the end of his life, when invited to take some nourishment, he said: 
 "You have called me back from the golden gates." On the 28th of Decem- 
 ber, 1867, he fell asleep in Jesus, aged fifty years and two months. His body 
 lies buried in the yard of the Reformed Church at Mercersburg, Penn. , where 
 
^C}0 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 an appropriate monument marks his grave. There has been no death in the 
 Reformed Church in this country that caused such universal sorrow. 
 
 LEWIS H. HENKELL, farmer, P. O. Clay Lick. In 1834 John W. 
 HenkeU, with his wife, Mary (Hisey), came from Hesse Cassel, Germany, to 
 America, landing in New York. Subsequently they came to Baltimore, and in 
 1837 settled in Guilford Township, this county, near Mt. Alto, and about two 
 years later purchased a tract of mountain land, which Mr. HenkeU sold in 1841 
 to his brother Jonas, remaining on William Beyer's farm, however, until 
 1845, when they moved to the Chambers farm near the old Irvin mill, which 
 he purchased four years later together with the farm adjacent. The mill now 
 standing was erected in 1856, the old one having burned dovm the previous 
 year. John W. HenkeU was an enterprising man and purchased other prop- 
 erty. In 1864 he secured the woolen-mill now owned by William Adams, 
 but in a short time thereafter moved to Carroll County, 111. , where he yet lives 
 at the advanced age of eeventy-nine years, the only survivor of eight brothers, 
 five of whom came to America. The death of Mrs. Mary HenkeU occurred at 
 the Hayes farm in 1847; she was the mother of four children: Lewis H., Eliza- 
 beth, Catharine and Mary. In 1849 John W. HenkeU was again married, this 
 time to the widow of Samuel Byers, by whom there was no issue. Lewis H. 
 HenkeU was born February 9, 1835, near the Maryland line in Virginia, at a 
 fishery on Pope Creek, where his parents were then employed. He was mar- 
 ried March 30, 1858, to Catharine, daughter of William and Catharine (Zook) 
 Angle, who are representatives of one of the first families in Montgomery Town- 
 ship, and whose coming here dates back more than a century. Nine children 
 have graced this union: William, a graduate of Lafayette College; Mary C. 
 (deceased); Clara V., wife of George W. Bohrer; George B. Mc, boiler-maker 
 in Omaha, Neb. ; Ella, milliner in Greencastle, this county ; Blanche, a teacher in 
 the public schools; Lewis E. ; Nettie and Henrietta, at home. Our subject served 
 as lieutenant of cavahy of the Twenty first Pennsylvania during the Rebellion ; 
 is one of the jury commissioners and has filled numerous township offices. He 
 is a Democrat by instinct, and a man of repute in his township. 
 
 REV. J. WILLIAM KNAPPENBERGER, Mercersburg, was born in 
 Westmoreland County, Penn., July 31, 1848; son of S. Knappenberger, Sr., 
 a member of one of the old families of Westmoreland County. Our sub- 
 ject's early education was obtained in the academy at Delmont, Penn., which 
 he attended in the summers, and in the vicinity of which he taught during 
 the winters. At that time he had no thought of becoming a minister. Hav- 
 ing completed his preparatory course in the autumn of 1869, he entered 
 Franklin and Marshall College, at Lancaster, Penn., gi'aduating in 1873. 
 The same year, he entered the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church 
 in the United States, at the same place. During the summer vacation of 1874 
 he taught in the Livermore Academy, and in 1875 at Sewickly Academy. He 
 graduated from the Theological Seminary in May, 1876, was then examined 
 and licensed to preach by the Westmoreland Classis of the Reformed Church, 
 at Mount Pleasant, in June of that year, and the following July received a 
 call from the Salem charge, near his birthplace. Owing to ill health, his or- 
 dination and installation were deferred until November 9, 1876. Ten months 
 later he received and accepted an invitation to occupy the vice-principal's , 
 chair of the Greensburg Female Seminary. After remaining there one year he 
 determined to visit the Old World, and in Jane, 1878, started on his voyage to 
 Europe, visiting England, Belgium, HoUand, Germany, Svntzerland and 
 France. Returning to America in September, he received and accepted a caU 
 from Zion Reformed Mission Church, at East End, Pittsburgh, Penn., enter- 
 
MONTGOMEKY TOWNSHIP. 861 
 
 ing on his pastoral duties January 1, 1879, and where he remained until Novem- 
 ber 1, 1883. He married Miss Ellen L. Smith, of Meriden, Conn., on 
 June 11, 1879. He entered upon the duties of the Mercersburg charge, in 
 Franklin County, November 1, 1883, to which he had been called the pre 
 vious September. Our subject is a talented gentleman and has added largely 
 to the church membership. He is universally respected and esteemed by his 
 people. 
 
 WILLIAM LACKENS, farmer, P. 0. Welsh Run. • The grandfather of 
 this gentleman came from Ireland at a very early date, bringing his wife with 
 him. Although born in Ireland the Lackfens were of pure Saotch blood and firm 
 adherents of the Presbyterian faith. They settled near Chambersburg, Penn. , 
 about 1760, and reared several children. Of these children John Lackens, 
 who was born in Franklin County, Penn. , in 1784, married Anna M. , second 
 daughter of Jacob ShafPer, of German descent, but a native of this county. 
 The young couple settled near where our subject now resides. John Lackens' 
 education was acquired in the sohoolhouse in which Enoch Brown and ten 
 children were massacred by the Indians. John, operated a mill, now owned 
 by Fred Speck, in 1809, and later several other mills. John Lackens was lib- 
 eral in all things, advocating whatever advanced public interests. He was an 
 honest, industrious man, a leader among the people and a stanch member of 
 the Presbyterian Church. He and his wife reared a family of nine children — 
 six daughters and three sons — of whom John E. , who resides in Lexington, 
 Ky. , and our subject alone survive. John Lackens' first wife died in 1827, 
 and he subsequently married Mrs. Rebecca (Smith) Angle, who bore him one 
 son, George, now residing at Waynesboro, Penn. In 1841 the death of John 
 Lackens occurred, his second wife having preceded him March 17, 1838. 
 William Lackens was born December 13, 1811, in Welsh Run. He was at first 
 a miller, then learned the shoemaker's trade, and since January 2, 1828, has 
 been one of the leading shoemakers here, and although seventy-five years of 
 age still works at the bench. He was married November 15, 1838, to Eleanor 
 J. Mackey, and since then they have resided on the run near his birthplace. 
 They have five children living and four deceased: John W., married to Amanda 
 Metz, residing at Postoria, Ohio (have five children) ; Mary C. , wife of John M. 
 Stahl (have two children); Mrs. Sarah E., wife of David Hayes (have five chil- 
 dren) ; Annie K. and George, both unmarried. All have been well educated 
 and the deceased were persons of acknowledged repute. Fourteen grandchil- 
 dren greet the coming of their grandparents, who are yet full of energy and 
 life. 
 
 WILLIAM C. LANE, M D. , Mercersburg, was born on the site of the 
 First National Bank, at Chambersburg, Penn. , in 1825, son of Dr. Nicholas 
 B. and Eliza (Hetich) Lane. His ancestors came from Holland at an early 
 date and settled near Lititz, Lancaster Co., Penn. Samuel Lane, grand- 
 grandsire of our subject (by trade a millwright), was the first of this name to 
 settle in Franklin County, locating near Funkstown, where he farmed and for 
 many years operated a mill which still stands. Samuel Lane was married to 
 Barbara Bittinger, who bore him four children: Nicholas B., Mary, Julia A. 
 and Elizabeth, none of whom now survive. Nicholas Bittinger, father of Mrs. 
 Lane, signalized himself during the Revolutionary war by his ardency as a 
 member of the W^hig party; was a soldier belonging to a Cumberland County 
 regiment, and was captured by the British at Fort Washington. Samuel Lane 
 was the first superintendent of the Mont Alto Iron Works, and under his man- 
 agement they were erected in 1808. His only son, Nicholas B., was taught 
 surveying by John Flanegiu, ono of the noted civil engineers of his day. 
 
862 BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES: 
 
 When sixteen years of age Nicholas B., in 1818, commenced the study of med- 
 icine under Dr. S. D. Culbertson, of Chambersburg, with whom he remained 
 until he entered the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 
 1822. In 1824 he formed a partnership with Dr. Alexander T. Dean, then 
 located at Chambersburg; and, later, with Drs. Bane and Culbertson. By 
 reason of removal, the partnership was dissolved and Dr. Lane continued in 
 practice alone in that city for twenty years, or, until his death, April 15, 1853. 
 As a physician, surgeon, a gentleman and a Christian, his life was character- 
 ized by modesty and courteous demeanor. He contributed largely to the lead- 
 ing medical journals, and advocated with liberality every advance toward re- 
 form and progress in the healing art. There were a number of children born 
 to Dr. Nicholas B. Lane, and his wife, seven of whom reached mature years: 
 "William C, Samuel G., Thomas H., Augustus H., Catharine A., Sarah H. and 
 Maria E. The eldest two sons were pupils of their father and graduates of 
 the University of Pennsylvania, Samuel G. graduating in 1849 and William 
 C. in 1851. The other sons are now engaged in mercantile business at Pitts- 
 burgh. In the fall of 1851 Wi'Iiam C. Lane went to Greensburg, Westmore- 
 land County, and four years later to Mendon, Adams Co., 111., at which place 
 he met and was afterward married, in 1857, to Miss C. A. Wakeman, a native 
 of Wheeling, W.' Va. Two years later he returned to Pennsylvania, and has 
 since practiced his profession in his native county. Of the eight children bom 
 to the Doctor and wife, five are living: Thomas W., on the staff of the Phila- 
 delphia Public Ledger; George H., a clerk in the Cumberland Valley Eailroad 
 office at Chambersburg; William A., clerk for Messrs. J. W. Rearick & Co.; 
 Samuel H. and Cornelia A. , completing a classical education at Mercersburg 
 College. Dr. William C. Lane was surgeon in the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 second Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, during the war of the Re- 
 bellion, and afterward served as surgeon of the board of enrollment of the 
 Sixteenth District of Pennsylvania the last year of the war. In politics he is 
 Republican. 
 
 THOMAS McAfee, Mercersburg. Mark McAfee, the grandfather of our 
 subject, came from the northern part of Ireland accompanied by his brother 
 Thomas, far back in the eighteenth century, but the exact date cannot be as- 
 certained, settled at Irishtown, near Campbellstown, St. Thomas Township, 
 this county, and was married to a lady who bore him ten children. By trade a 
 mason, he left behind him numerous evidences of his skill, among which may 
 be mentioned all the stone bridges on the Conooocheague between FannettS- 
 burg and Williamsport, Md. ; the bridges on the National pike between Han- 
 cock and Cumberland; the old stone Presbyterian Church at Church Hill, 
 of which the old cemetery is all that remains to show where once a congrega- 
 tion worshiped, and who were one by one laid to rest beneath its sacred soil. 
 He also built the Reformed and Lutheran Churches at Mercersburg. The chil- 
 dren born to Mark McAfee and wife were as follows; Mark, William, James, 
 John, Thomas, Marg:aret, Mary, Rachael. Jane and Eliza. Of these, Mark, 
 born in 1804, married Susan Snyder of this county, and had ten chil- 
 dren: Thomas, Mary E., Nancy A., James, John and Jennie, all born in 
 Peters Township; John, William and Thomas, born in St. Thomas Township, 
 and M. Scott (the youngest son), born in the old hotel in Mercersburg. Mark 
 McAfee was engaged for some time in teaching; was afterward elected - consta- 
 ble of St. Thomas Township; later was manager of Pott & Beaver's Iron 
 Works at Valley Forge, in Peters Township ; then managed the iron works for Col. 
 James Bard, the purchaser, remaining with him as manager until the furnace 
 was closed. October 1, 1846, Mark McAfee rented the old brick hotel, which 
 
MOKTGOMEKY TOWNSHIP. 863 
 
 •was destroyed by fire April 29, 1884, when he began business in Mercersburg, 
 and conducted a popular hotel there until his death in 1865. In 1860 the hotel 
 property was purchased by Thomas McAfee and his mother, and, until its de- 
 struction by fire, was the popular hotel of the borough. In the autumn the 
 sons of Mark McAfee purchased the fine property (erected and owned by James 
 Buchanan, Sr., father of President James Buchanan, and later owned by Hon. 
 James O. Carson), which had been handsomely fitted up, and stands to-day 
 second to no hotel in Franklin County in the elegance of its appointments or 
 courtesy of its proprietors. The brothers rank among the wealthy bachelors of 
 Montgomery Township. They own over 800 acres of land, and are all domiciled 
 beneath the same roof, living comfortably, making money, and feasting their 
 guests on the best viands afforded in the markets. In politics the McAfees may 
 justly claim to be leaders in Montgomery Township ; are lifelong Republicans, 
 and since the birth of the party have been at the front in every campaign. 
 Thomas McAfee was elected burgess in 1871, and re-elected two consecutive 
 terms; has been a member of the council for years, and in 1882 was elected a 
 member of the school board, and from 1883 to June 1, 1886, served as presi- 
 dent of the board. Thomas and James McAfee are dentists by profession, 
 which for a number of years they followed. M. Scott is a practical coachmaker, 
 and for several years did business in Mercersburg, Penn. He married Louisa 
 Hofley, who bore him two sons, John M. and Thomas A. 
 
 WILLIAM McKINSTKY, a native of the city of Belfast, Ireland, was the 
 progenitor of the McKinstry family, of Mercersburg. In 1792, when about 
 eighteen years of age, he immigrated to America, and landed at New Castle, Del. 
 Remaining in that town for a short time, he proceeded to the city of Philadel- 
 phia, in which he designed permanently to reside. His residence there was, 
 however, of short duration, for he was driven away by the epidemic of yellow 
 fever, which raged with unexampled violence and fatality during the following 
 year. He sought refuge in Lititz, Lancaster Co. , Penn. , in which his abode 
 was also very brief. He next moved to Frederick City, Md., but, meeting 
 with little encouragement to remain there, he soon began a weary walk to one 
 of the distant "Western States. Mercersburg lay on his route, and to it he came, 
 with all his worldly possessions tied in a handkerchief, which was suspended 
 from a stout hickory staff resting on his shoulder. But, if his share of this 
 world's goods was small, he had almost a superabundance of what was of in- 
 finitely greater value — a stout heart and indomitable perseverance. He remained 
 overnight in Mercersbui-g, lodging at a hotel kept by Peter Whiteside, in the 
 house on the northwest corner of the public square, now owned and occupied 
 by Mr. Charles H. Fallon, intending, on the next morning, toresamehia jour- 
 ney. He chanced, however, to meet at Whiteside's hostelry, a couple of resi- 
 dents of "The Comer" also named McKinstry, but in nowise related to 
 himself. The strangers became interested in the ingenuous youth, and finally 
 induced him to remain in Mercersburg. This event occurred about 1796. His 
 first occupation in his new and permanent home was that of a clerk in a coun- 
 try store. He was faithful, industrious and economical, and was thus enabled 
 to save something from his humble earnings. This money he judiciously in- 
 vested in real estate, which, at that date, was comparatively low in price, but 
 which gradually appreciated sufficiently to enable him to embark in mer- 
 cantile business. He did this by purchasing the store of James Buchanan, the 
 father of the late President Buchanan. It may be said incidentally that, to the 
 end of his life Mr. McKinstry found in President Buchanan a warm and sin- 
 cere friend. During the war of 1812 he removed the store, which he bought 
 from the elder Buchanan, to Unioitown, Fayette Co., Penn. But, preferring 
 
864 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 to live in Mercersburg, he returned to that place and resumed business in the 
 stone house, on the northeast corner of the public square, which he had previ- 
 ously built about 1810, and in vrhich he successfully conducted a large business 
 until 1822, when he retired from all mercantile pursuits. He then bought a 
 tract of land about a half mile south of Mercersburg, known as the " Shannon 
 Farm," to which he added an adjacent farm, east of the town, belonging to 
 Dr. AVilliam Magaw, a citizen of Mercersburg, and who was in 1775 surgeon of 
 " Col. William Thompson's battalion of riflemen" in the army of the Eevo- 
 lution. On this large farm of some 330 acres, he built a large and imposing 
 mansion house, barn and other necessary farm buildings, to which he gave the 
 somewhat unique name of ' ' Lastly Hall. ' ' He resided on this farm until 1841, 
 and brought it into a high state of cultivation, and finally sold it to the late 
 Adam Hoke for the sum of $32,000. In the year just mentioned, Mr. McKin- 
 stry moved into Mercersburg, and began the improvement of the town by the 
 erection of the large brick buildings on the northeast comer of the public 
 square, as well as many other brick houses in different localities. In 1851 he 
 bought a part of the "Judge Smith farm," west of the town, adjoining the 
 borough limits, on which he also erected large and substantial buildings, and 
 whibh he highly improved by intelligent cultivation. This fine farm is now 
 owned by his son, William D. McKinstry. Mr. McKinstry had a passion for 
 building, and during his life erected more buildings than probably any other 
 individual in Franklin County. 
 
 About 1815 he was appointed justice of the peace by the governor of Penn- 
 sylvania. He filled that position creditably and acceptably until his resigna- 
 tion of the office in 1840. He contributed largely in money and influence to 
 building the macadamized road from Waynesboro, by way of Mercersburg, to 
 McConnellsburg, in Fulton County. In 1814, during the last war with Eng- 
 land, he was a member of a company of cavalry commanded by Capt. Patton, 
 and marched with it to Baltimore to aid in the defense of that city. In 1832, 
 in company with Col. James Keeside, the great mail contractor of that day, 
 he established a four-horse coach line from Frederick City^ Md. , then the ter- 
 mination of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, by way of Hagerstown, Mercers- 
 burg and Bedford, to Wheeling, Va. This project was in opposition to the 
 lines of stages ran on the National road. 
 
 In 1834 Mr. McKinstry saw a statement in a newspaper that the Theological 
 Seminary of the German Reformed Church and the High School of the same 
 denomination located at York, Penn. , desired to change their location, pro- 
 vided the new place was eligible and held out sufficient inducements in the 
 shape of money to purchase land and erect suitable buildings to warrant the 
 removal. Always an earnest friend of education, he promptly wrote to th» 
 trustees of these institutions and urged their removal to Mercersburg, and of- 
 fered inducements for such removal that ultimately proved satisfactory to the 
 church. His own contribution toward the permanent establishment of 
 Marshall College, in Mercersburg, was large, and freely given. After many 
 years of usefulness and renown, those in authority, with a strange exemplifi- 
 cation of Punic faith, removed the famous school, which he was largely instru- 
 mental in establishing, to the city of Lancaster. In 1842 Mr. McKinstry es- 
 tablished the first newspaper published in Mercersburg. It was called the Vis- 
 itor, and is still published under the name of the Weekly Journal. Mr. Mc- 
 Kinstry represented Franklin County during two terms, from 1838 to 1840, in 
 the Legislature of Pennsylvania. His term of service embraced that excit- 
 ing episode in our political history called the "Buckshot war," in which the 
 Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, Charles B. Penrose and other prominent gentlemen 
 
MONTGOMEBY TOWNSHIP. 865 
 
 were conspicuous, politically, Mr. McKinstry was a Democrat of the strictest 
 sect. He was active and prominent in his party, and was deeply interested in 
 the general politics of the day. He was long a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church, and continued in that faith until the end of life. He was a man of 
 singular decision of character. Temperate, prudent, industrious and self- 
 reliant, he was wholly the architect of his own fortune. In his long and use- 
 ful life he sought counsel solely from his Creator and his own accurate judg- 
 ment. Finally, after a brief illness, he died at Mercersburg on the 23d of 
 April, 1861, after reaching the patriarchal age of ninety-one years. 
 
 In 1798 William McKinstiy was married to Miss Mary McGinly, of Frank- 
 lin County, Penn. After sharing her husband's early struggles with fickle for- 
 tune, and, likewise, his suocessful triumphs over the oppositions and obstacles 
 of early life, for a period nearly equaling that allotted by the Book of Life to 
 human existence, this beloved vdfe and affectionate mother soon followed her 
 husband to a higher and holier existence. Mrs. McKinstry only survived her 
 lifelong partner a few weeks, and died, in the full hope of a blessed immor- 
 tality, on July 14, 1861, aged eighty-five years. William and Mary Mc- 
 Kinstry had seven children who reached the age of maturity — five sons and two 
 daughters, all of. whom were bom in Mercersburg. Eobert, the eldest, bom 
 June 19, 1800; John born February 4, 1802; Eliza, born April 18, 1,806; 
 Maria, born November 3, 1808 ; William D., born December 11, 1812; James 
 W., bom August 28, 1814; and Alexander, born March 10, 1817. Eobert 
 McKinstry received the ordinary education of the day, and was brought up to 
 mercantile business in his father's store. John McKinstry received a clas- 
 sical education, and was a student of Cannonsburg College. He and his 
 brother Eobert were associated in the dry goods business; first at Chambers- 
 burg, Penn., in 1827, and, at a later date, at Mercersburg. Subsequently, they 
 moved to Pittsburgh and engaged in business in that city. Attracted by the 
 business advantages of the South, they moved to Florence, Ala., and, about 
 the year 1881, they located in Yazoo County, Miss. They now engaged 
 largely in merchandising and in the purchase of cotton and in cotton planting, 
 and had stores at Benton and_Yazoo City. They were prosperous and success- 
 ful in their business and amassed considerable wealth, which, unfortunately, 
 was nearly all lost in the great financial crash of 1837-38. John Mc- 
 Kinstry' s health now being seriously impaired by the climate of the South, he 
 determined to return to Pennsylvania, and accordingly started for home. He 
 proceeded only as far as the city of Natchez, Miss. , where, after a short ill- 
 ness, he died January 29, 1839. 
 
 His brother, Eobert McKinstry, re-embarked in business in Missouri. He 
 went to NewTork to purchase goods in 1849, and was taken sick and died July 
 6, of that year. James W. McKinstry was a student of Princeton College, 
 New Jersey, and was graduated from that institution in 1835. Choosing 
 law as his profession, he began its study in the office of the Hon. John Sar- 
 geant, of Philadelphia. He was admitted to the bar in 1837, and, following 
 the example of his brothers, he also went to the South and located in Yazoo 
 County, Miss. Here he remained in the successful practice of his profession 
 until failing health also drove him northward. He traveled by steamboat to 
 the city of Pittsburgh. HI and exhausted, he left the boat, and died there. 
 May 26, 1840, a strange fatality with a remarkable concurrence of- circum- 
 stances thus similarly ending the lives of three brothers. 
 
 Alexander McKinstry learned the art of printing, and was editor and pub- 
 lisher of the Mercersburg Visitor. He was a soldier in the Mexican war, and, 
 after his return spent the remain ng years of his life in farming. He died 
 August 26, 1860. 
 
866 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Eliza McKinstry was married, November 30, 1839, to the Rev. Leander 
 Ker, a chaplain in the United States Army, who was stationed at Fort Leaven- 
 worth for seventeen years, finally resigning his commission in 1858, and re- 
 turning to Pennsylvania. He was a chaplain in the Confederate Army during 
 the Rebellion, and died in South Carolina in July, 1873. Mrs. Ker died sud- 
 denly in Mercersburg, on April 8, 1882. 
 
 Maria McKinstry was married to Henry Shafer, of Washington County, 
 Md. , who died in 1840, leaving two sons, Henry and Robert, now residing in 
 Illinois. Mrs. Maria Shafer died at Macomb, HI., on May 15, 1882. 
 
 William D. McKinstry, the subject proper of this sketch, received a clas- 
 sical education under the instruction of the Rev. Robert Kennedy, a popu- 
 lar and efficient instructor, and was also a student at Hagerstown Academy. 
 He entered into mercantile business in 1831, at Frederick City, Md. In 
 1833, after disposing of his store in Maryland, he was induced by his brothers 
 to go to Mississippi, and assist them in the management of their extensive bus- 
 iness operations. Soon, however, he laimched into mercantile life on his own 
 account. Returning to Hagerstown he was married, on the 11th of August, 
 1836, to Miss Margaret Schnebly, daughter of Daniel Sohnebly, of Hagers- 
 town, Washington Co. , Md. In the fall of the same year he returned to Mis- 
 sissippi with his wife, and remained there until the" spring of 1842, when 
 impaired health compelled him also to return to Pennsylvania, resigning his 
 position as cashier of the Benton & Manchester Railroad and Banking Com- 
 pany. On his return to his native town he engaged in merchandising in 1845, 
 and continued in active business until 1874. During these years he had other 
 Vocations, among which were his duties as cashier of the Mercersburg Saving 
 Fund, in 1854. In 1857 he was elected treasurer of Franklin County by the 
 Democratic party, by which party he was often nominated for various offices. 
 Mr. McKinstry is now, as he has ever been, one of Franklin County's most 
 useful and honored citizens. His acquirements are varied and extensive, and 
 he is fully apace with the progress of the age. He is an omnivorous and inde- 
 fatigable reader, and makes extensive incursions in the wide realm of general 
 knowledge. He is, of course, a most public-spirited man, and is always zeal- 
 ous in all efforts for the improvement of his native town and the welfare of its 
 people. As a kind friend, a genial and hospitable gentleman, of the old school, 
 if you please, Mr. McKinstry is unsurpassed, if equaled, either here or else- 
 where. His sound judgment makes him a wise and judicious counselor, and 
 while his advice is never obtruded, neither is it withheld from those who desire 
 to profit by it. Mr. McKinstry has seven children who have arrived at years 
 of maturity — six sons and one daughter. William E., born in Yazoo County, 
 Miss., December 4, 1841, received a mercantile educatioti, and assisted in 
 conducting his father's business until the fatter retired, and then continued 
 in the agency of the Adams Express Company, at Mercersburg. James W. 
 was born in Hagerstown, Md., September 22, 1842, and was educated in part 
 &t Franklin and Marshall Colleges, at Lancaster, Penn., and Princeton Col- 
 lege, New Jersey. He engaged in mercantile business, and was married, at 
 Mercersburg, in September, 1872, to Miss Caroline Hurst. Soon after his 
 marriage he m wed to Canton, Fulton Co. , 111. Claudius B. was born in Mer- 
 cersburg April 13. 1845. He graduated at Princeton College, in 1865, and 
 read law in the office of Hon. John McDowell Sharpe, of Chambersburg. He 
 was admitted to the bar in 1867, and in 1868 located in St.. Louis for the 
 practice of his profession. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, 111., and from 
 there went to Goodhue County, Minn., where he now resides. Howard L. 
 McKmstry was born in Mercersburg, June 14, 1847. He received a classica. 
 
MONTGOMEEY TOWNSHIP. 867 
 
 education, and read medicine in the offices of Dr. A. H. Senseny, of Cham- 
 bersburg, and Dr. H. Lenox Hodge, of Philadelphia. He graduated at the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1870, and practiced his profession for a short 
 time in Mercersburg. He then located in Chicago, 111., in September, 1871. 
 He did not remain long in that city, but moved to South Evanston, 111. In 
 1873 he settled in Zumbrota, Goodhue Co. , Minn. , and has succeeded to a large 
 and lucrative practice. He was married, in Baltimore, Md. , in December, 1871, 
 to Miss Mary Broderick. Charles R. McKinstry was born November 8, 1849, 
 and was educated at the high schools of his native town. For several years 
 he was employed as a salesman in a dry goods store, and moved from Mercers- 
 burg to Chicago, in 1884, and is now engaged in merchandising on his own 
 account in that city. Edward P. McKinstry was born at Mercersburg April 
 28, 1851, and received his education at the high schools of the town. For 
 some years he engaged in farming, but is now in the grocery business in Lan- 
 caster, Penn., in which city he located in 1883. Mary McKinstry, only daugh- 
 ter of William D. McKinstry, was born in Mercersburg, and received her edu- 
 cation at Wilson Female College, of which she is a graduate. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret McKinstry, wife of William D. McKinstry, was stricken 
 with apoplexy in- the spring of 1881. Although she measurably recovered 
 from the attack, yet the accompanying paralysis continued. She remained an 
 invalid, confined to her room, with more or less suffering, which she bore with 
 Christian resignation and uncomplaining submission to her Master's will, until 
 He released her from her sufferings and took her to her home in heaven on the 
 1st of April, 1885. 
 
 GEORGE W. MILLER, farmer, P. O. Clay Lick. Jacob Miller was 
 born in Berks County, Penn. , and came to what is now known as ' ' the Cor- 
 ners," in this county, when twenty years of age. His father, who came from 
 Germany, reared a number of children in Berks County, Jacob and his brother 
 William being the only ones of which any information can be obtained. 
 Jacob Miller was born in 1791, and after coming to this township learned black- 
 smithing, becoming .one of the best known smiths in the county. For sixty 
 years he was an active business man. His (Jacob's) wife was Catharine, daugh- 
 ter of George Swigart of this county, and their family, who have since nearly 
 all immigrated to the West (principally to Illinois), was composed of three 
 daughters and four sons: Daniel D., Catharine, May, George W., Samuel S., 
 Jacob F. and Elizabeth. The two remaining in this county are Mrs. Cath- 
 arine Pensinger and our subject. The father died in 1880, at the ripe age of 
 eighty-nine. The mother died in 1865. George W. Miller was born in 1829, 
 and from choice has engaged in farming. In 1852 he was united in marriage 
 with Elizabeth Hawbecker, and their married life was commenced on a farm ad- 
 jacent to his present home. One year later they removed to Maryland, and six 
 years after returned to this township and purchased a nice farm near Clay 
 Lick. Sarah C, the oldest daughter was b.)rn where her parents began 
 housekeeping. Mary A. , Calvin H. and William T. were born in Maryland, and 
 Annie E., Emma S., Samuel S. and Harry H. on the old mansion farm. Sarah 
 C. is now the wife of Clayton Angle ; Mary A. married Samuel Elliott; Emma 
 is Mrs. Jacob Royer, and Calvin wedded Clara Shoemaker, of Fulton County, 
 Illi Our subject during his business life has been honored with nearly every 
 official position that could be conferred by his township— served three terms 
 as assessor, one as supervisor, one as auditor, and frequently as judge and in- 
 spector of elections. He is an old school Democrat and his sons follow in his 
 footsteps. Mr. Miller's first wife died September 28, 1881, and April 27, 
 1886, he was again married, this t'me to Miss Annie, daughter of Jacob Bohrer, 
 one of the oldest and most prominent men in the valley. 
 
BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 JOHX F. PENSINGER, miller, Mercersburg, is a grandson of Jacob 
 Pensinger, Sr., who came from Lancaster County, Penn., about 1810, and 
 settled on a farm near Greencastle, this county. He was at that date married, 
 but his children, Jacob, John, Henry, George, David, Nancy, Elizabeth and 
 Eosannah, were born in this county; four are living. Of these George married 
 Christiana RuthraufP, whose parents also resided near Greencastle, this county, 
 and who came from Germany about the same time that the Pensingers arrived 
 from Lancaster County.. George Pensinger enlisted in Company D, One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, in 1862. By trade a miller, 
 he operated the Martin mills for thirty years, after which his son William suc- 
 ceeded him. He and his wife were parents of twelve children: William and 
 Mary, born near Greencastle ; Catharine, Margaret, Elizabeth, Maria, George, 
 Jacob, John, Luther, Abram and Emma, born at the old mill. Jacob, John 
 P. and William volunteared in the spring of 1863 in Company K, Twenty-first 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry. All participated in the battles fought at 
 Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Eailroad, Reams Station, Dinwiddle Court 
 House, Farmanville, Appomattox, and in many other engagements. John T. 
 Pensinger was born October 5, 1848, in this township. He learned the mill- 
 er's trade of his father, and that of millwright with M. Hays of Mercersburg. 
 Since 1870 he has given especial attention to the millwright business, erecting 
 the grist-mills for Everhart & Bro. , of Newport, Penn. ; Abram Eeams at Fort 
 Hunter, Dauphin Co. , Penn. ; and four in Chambersburg for C. Burkharts, 
 Kerlia & ZuUinger. W. F. Eyster & Bro., and M. C. Stoner & Co., respectively. 
 In 1874 he married Louisa, daughter of Christian and Maria Shaffer, by whom 
 he has live children: Hays, Mary, Ida, John and George. In February, 1886, 
 Mr. Pensinger was elected burgess of Mercersburg. He has filled other 
 offices of trust serving three years as director in the public schools, and in 1884 
 as auditor of Franklin County. Ha is a prominent local politician, Repub- 
 lican, and one of the best known men of his age in Franklin County. He is 
 a msmber of McCoUough Post, No. 497, G. A. E. ; also member of Brownsoa 
 Camp, No. 132, S. V. The family attend the services of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 S. JOHNSTON RANKIN, farmar, P. O. Mercersburg. Jeremiah Rankin, 
 the great-grandfather of our siibjeob, cam3 from Scotland, or Belfast, Ireland, 
 (ju^t when cannot correctly ba ascertained, but it was long prior to the war of 
 the Ravolatioa). He obtainei patents for aboat 800 acres of land, which 
 property was afterward divided into four farms and inherited by his four sons: 
 Jeratniah, David, James and Archie. Jeremiah (grandfather of our subject) 
 was born in the stone mansion erected more than a century ago, and which ia 
 to-day one of the most imposing residences in the valley. He married Mary 
 Clark, born iu this township, and they began their domestic life on the pater- 
 nal homestead, which by his father had been converted from forests to quite a 
 nice farm, but which he himself much improved. Jeremiah and Mary Rankin 
 had four children: Maria, Nancy, Esther and Clark. Maria became the wife 
 of Samuel Johnston, who was born and reared in this county, and had no peer 
 in business or socially, Nancy is the wife of John Imbrie, of Beaver County, 
 Penn. ; Esther is the wife of Alexander Johnston. Clark Eankin was born in 
 1800, received a practical education, and then learned civil engineering, in 
 which profession he became one of the experts of the day. He also trans- 
 acted a great deal of business for his neighbors, who came to him on account of 
 his superior judgment and education. He married, March 27, 1828, Elizabeth 
 Watson, of Greencastle, Penn. , and three sons and three daughters graced this 
 union: Mary J., Eebecca V., S. Johnston, John W., Esther "and Jeremiah C. 
 The death of Clark Eankin occurred in June, 1868, and that of his widow ia 
 
MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP. 869 
 
 April, 1875. Only the heirs of two of Clark Kankin' s children are now living 
 Jeremiah, married Annie, daughter of Dr. Huber, of Gettysburg Penn 
 who bore two children: Maria L. and Mary J. S. Johnston, our subject, was 
 born June 5, 1833, in this township. He was married, March 17, 1868 to 
 Miss Elizabeth H., daughter of Samuel and Margaret (Witherow) Knox of 
 Adams County, Penn. She graduated from Sunnyside Seminary and from the 
 State normal school, Millersville, and then taught school until her marriage 
 To this union were born two children: Elizabeth Watson and an infant daugh- 
 ter (deceased). Elizabeth W., who will complete her education in the near 
 future, is now attending Mercersburg College. The Knox family originally 
 came either from Belfast, Ireland, or Scotland. Samuel Knox (the great- 
 grandfather of Mrs. Eankin) married Polly Hopkins, and their son. Dr. Samuel 
 Knox, was born while they were crossing the ocean. Dr. Knox, wedded 
 Margaret Hodge, who bore him three children: Kev. John Knox, D. D., 
 Rebecca and Samuel, the father of Mrs. Rankin. Mr. and Mrs. S. Johnston 
 Rankin commenced their married life under the most favorable auspices, and 
 he is now the inheritor of the original Rankin estate, possessing the same busi- 
 ness enterprise and crodiality of manner that have always made the name 
 famous in the county. 
 
 WILLIAM.REED, 'farmer, P. O. Welsh Run. John Reed was born in 
 Berks Coimty, Penn. , in 1780, came to Franklin County, Penn. , about 1798, 
 and for ten years lived at the old mill now owned by Z. David and William 
 Hays. During this time he had formed the acquaintance of and married Mary 
 Seibert, also a native of Berks County. To this union were born eleven chil- 
 dren, of whom Mary (wife of David Niswenger), William, Samuel (residing in 
 California, unmarried), Sarah (widow of Jacob Sword), Catharine (wife of 
 John Whitmer) and George (married t,o Miss Newcomer) are living. In 1808 
 John Reed came to Mercersburg, this county, where he engaged in his trade 
 (mason), and the material for the large stone house now used as a hardware 
 store by Mr. Riesner was quarried from the hills and the building was erected 
 by him during this time. Three years later he purchased the farm recently 
 bought by his son from Buterbaugh's assignees. John Reed built a stone barn 
 in 1820 which was destroyed by fire, and in 1885 this structure was rebuilt by 
 his son. He subsequently bought a farm (in 1821) on "Locust Level" near 
 the Maryland line. Here his first wife died in 1833, and he subsequently mar- 
 ried Mary Creigh, a widow with seven children. John Reed died in 1848, and 
 his remains are interred in Stecks Cemetery. William Reed was born in this 
 township, February 15, 1817. He commenced farming on his present farm 
 March 1, 1839, and has been very successful financially. He was married to 
 Sarah Niswenger, by whom he has six children: Mary, widow of John Sword; 
 Eliza; William, married to Mary Fetters ; John, married to a Holmes; Cath- 
 erine, wife of David M. Negley, and Christian W. , married to Anna Shartle. 
 Oar subject has filled numerous township offices. He is a stanch Democrat, 
 and has considerable influence in his party. 
 
 JOHN A. RHOADS, farmer, P. O. Clay Lick. William Rhoads was born 
 in Lancaster County, Penn., in 1779, and was married March 16, 1815, to 
 Jane Butter, who was born May 10, 1799. They remained in Lancaster 
 County until 1837; when they moved to the farm, now the property of their 
 Bon,^in this township, then known as the "George Chambers farm," and 
 which was formerly owned by a Mr. Huston. The house, a substantial double 
 log structure, built more than a century ago, is still standing, and in it is the 
 old-fashioned chimney place in which the blazing logs crackled and burned for 
 so many years. By its side sits the old grandmother, who, in her eighty- 
 
870 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 seventh year is still hale and cordial and possessed of an astute memory which 
 verifies many important facts contained in this history. Eight children were 
 born to Mr. Rhoads and his wife: James, married to Elizabeth Rankin; 
 Hanford, who died unmarried; George, married to Mary, daughter of James 
 Patterson; Hetty, who died unmarried; D. Clemson, who died unmarried ; John; 
 Frances J. , married to Baker McClellan ; and Jacob R. , a gallant soldier dur- 
 ing the late civil war, captured at the battle of the Wilderness, and died in the 
 prison pen at Anderson ville. All are now deceased but John, born in this town- 
 ship September 14, 1831. He was drafted in 1865, in Company K, Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Infantry, and served until close of the war. In 1869 John Rhoads 
 was married to Miss Elizabeth E., daughter of Daniel and Rebecca (Keefover) 
 Young, of Upton, this county. Their domestic life was commenced in the 
 old mansion which has been hallowed by so many pleasant associations, and 
 there were born William H., John R., Mary J., George W., Adam G., David 
 Z., Fanny G. Our subject has ranked among the foremost business men of 
 this township for integrity and industry since his business life began. He has 
 been three years connected with the public schools as director, and has always 
 been foremost in promoting educational and social interests. He inherits the 
 mansion farm, and his aged mother finds a pleasant home with him. An 
 old arm chair, long past its hundredth anniversary, graces the spacious sit- 
 ting-room in which a happy and intelligent family of children congregate when 
 the work of the day is done. 
 
 MARTIN L. STECK, coachmaker, Welsh Run, was born in Montgomery 
 Township, this county, near Welsh Run, January 10, 1835, son of George and 
 Nancy (Whitmore) Steck, the latter probably born near the birthplace of her 
 son in 1794. George Steck for many years carried on a blacksmith shop near 
 Welsh Run, and was one of the most enterprising men of the place. Six chil- 
 dren were reared at the old smithy: Philip R. , Elizabeth, Nancy, Susanna, 
 Martin L. and Mary. Our subject learned his trade with Jacob Hightman at 
 Fair view, Washington Co., Md. , and then entered into a partnership with that 
 gentleman. After about ten years spent in this business at Fairview and at 
 the old homestead in this county, Mr. Steck engaged in farming in Maryland 
 for a few years, after which he came to Welsh Run and purchased lands on 
 the site of the old smithy which had flourished several years prior to his com- 
 ing. He erected new buildings, and for the past thirteen years has engaged 
 quite extensively in the manufacture of buggies, wagons, etc. , and has also one 
 forge devoted to geieral blacksmithing. He manufactures about forty bug- 
 gies, a number of other wagons and carriages, annually, and usually employs 
 six workmen. This is the chief manufacturing enterprise of Welsh Run, and 
 has won for Mr. Steck a merited reputation. In 1856 he married Lydia T., 
 daughter of John and Catharine (Lantz) Payne, natives of Middleton, Freder- 
 ick Co., Md. Of the ten children born to this union eight are living: Ida A. 
 C. ; Florence A.; Luther R., married to May R. Keyser; Alda E., wife of 
 John K. Graham; Lillie F. ; L. Ella; W. Clarence and lifellie B. All the 
 children have received classical educations at Kennedy Academy. Lillie F. is 
 now completing a course at the State normal school in Millersville; Ida A. C. 
 finished at Shippensburg Normal School, and has taught several terms in the 
 public schools. They form an interesting family, and are an honor to the old 
 families from whom they are descended. 
 
 JOSEPH WINGER (retired). Clay Lick. Joseph Winger, one of the best 
 known men of this township, came from Lancaster, Penn., and. settled in this 
 county in 1839, purchasing the woolen factory now owned by William Adams, 
 and the next year a farm two miles distant; a few years later he disposed of 
 
MONTGOMEBY TOWNSHIP. 87X 
 
 these interests and purchased a part of the Bradley farm near the Mercersburg 
 turnpike. He married Esther Buckwalter, bori in Lancaster County, Penn., 
 in 1812, who bore him sixteen children, nine of whom married and had fam- 
 ilies of their own, and four still reside in this county: Sarah; Elizabeth, wife 
 of Jacob Lewis (they live in Frederick, Md.); Anna M., married to John Sto- 
 ver (they live in Pleasanton, Cal.); Benjamin F., an attorney, married to 
 Maggie Byer; and Elam B., mamed to Elizabeth Stover (he is connected with 
 the Freeport machine shops, in Freeport, 111. , where he resides), were born in 
 Lancaster County, Penn. Catharine, Joseph W., married Margaret Irwin 
 (he resides in Lincoln, Neb., is a heavy land owner, and, at present, a real es 
 tate agent); Lydia; Esther A., wife of J. H. Angle; David; Emma C, widow 
 of J. B. Seacrest; John N. ; Lucy, wife of W. Rush Gillin, an attorney; Cal- 
 vin W. ; Jacob Melville and Albert C. , were born in Montgomery Township, 
 this county. Darius Buckwalter and Karl Michael Winger, thp maternal and 
 paternal grandfathers, were born in Zui-ich, Switzerland, the former of whom 
 immigrated to Lancaster County, Penn. , in 1725, the later in 1736. In 1853 
 Joseph Winger came to Clay Lick, having purchased a farm adjoining the vil- 
 lage the previous year, and engaged in mercantile business. Though numerous 
 changes have been made in the ownership of the store up to this date (1886), 
 the Wingers have always been whole or part proprietors. Jacob Melville Win^ 
 ger purchased his brother's interest in 1876, and in August, 1884, took as a, 
 partner J. Frank Angle, and the firm is now Winger & Angle. Mrs. Esther 
 (Buckwalter) Winger died September 17, 1868. Mr. Winger has been for many 
 years one of the most enterprising men of this township; he was a large dealer 
 in stock, and has amassed a competence; is very sprightly, though now in 
 his eightieth year. To the Wingers is due the establishment of the postoffice 
 here about 1858. In politics our subject is a Republican. During the late 
 war of the Rebellion, Joseph Winger was captured by the Confederate troops 
 under "Jeb" Stuart, and conveyed to Libby prison, where he was held as 
 hostage for six weeks. The rebels at that date also captured a lot of his stock, 
 and helped themselves to what they wished of the goods in his store. Having 
 some money in his pocket he fared somewhat better than many other prison- 
 ers in that vile pen, and a number of men who are living to-day have him to 
 thank for bread purchased and distributed by him at that time. 
 
 JACOB MELVILLE WINGER, postmaster and merchant, Clay Lick, was 
 born in 1852 on the old Bradley farm near the Mercersburg turnpike; he was 
 united in marriage in 1879 with Catharine Lesher, and to this union have been 
 born three children: Mary (deceased), Eva K. and Jacob MelviUe, Jr. 
 
 JOHN A. WITHERSPOON, farmer, P. O. Upton. The early history of 
 the Witherspoon family may be read in the sketch of James Witherspoon. 
 Our subject was born in 1842 on his grandfather Little's farm. He was pre- 
 pared for college at Mercersburg Academy, but after spending a year in the 
 West returned to his native State and engaged in farming. In 1866 his 
 father purchased the Irvfin farm, and John A. came with him, remaining there 
 until his marriage, February 26, 1874, with Hetty E., daughter of Samuel and 
 Mary H. (Johnston) Bradley, when he assumed the management of the farm, 
 which he has since continued. The Bradleys have quite an interesting history 
 in this township. Samuel Bradley, a native of Ireland, came to Dauphin 
 County more than a century ago; he was married in that county to Hetty 
 Armstrong, and several children were born to them there, and before they 
 came to Franklin County. Samuel Bradley was born in 1802, and his parents 
 moved to Montgomery Township, this county, settling on the farm now owned 
 by Johnston Bradley, in 1804. 3amuel Bradley and wife were parents of 
 
872 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 seven children: Johnston, Van F., Hetty E., T. Oswald, Kerie A., Matthew 
 H. and S. Chalmers (deceased). All reside in the county but Kev. Matthew 
 H. Bradley, who has charge of Mount Pleasant Church, Westmoreland Coun- 
 ty, Penn. To our subject and wife five children have been born: Mary G., S. 
 Bradley, J. Edgar, Frederick W. and James E. Mr. Witherspoon has served 
 the township and county in official positions, and is at present director of the 
 poor, elected in 1884. He takes delight in agriculture, and is one of the 
 most prosperous farmers of his neighborhood. He and his wife are Presbyte- 
 rians of the strictest type, and are representatives of the original family faith 
 (on both sides). They are descendants of the earliest settlers in this valley. 
 In politics Mr. Witherspoon is a Republican. 
 
 JAMES W. WITHEESPOON, bank cashier, Mercersburg, was born March 
 18, 1844. His father, James Witherspoon, was the son of John Witherspoon 
 whose father was the first of this name to settle in Franklin County and lived 
 near Chambersburg more than a century ago. He (John) married Nancy 
 Scott and their chUdren, four in number, were James, Eliza, Mary and Mar- 
 garet, all bom on the old farm in this township, where their parents lived a 
 long lifetime. James, the son of John and Nancy (Scott) Witherspoon, mar- 
 ried Mary Little, who was born in County Armagh, Ireland, daughter of John 
 Little, also a native of the Emerald Isle, and who came with her parents to 
 America when eighteen years old. The parents of our subject were both de- 
 scended from old Scotch-Irish stock and were firm believers in the Presbyte- 
 rian faith, the tenets of which were religiously observed by them through life, 
 and their children still remain true to the faith of their ancestors. James and 
 Mary (Little) Witherspoon had two sons: John A., married to Hetty Bradley, 
 resides on the paternal homestead, and James W. Our subject's education 
 Was received at the Mercersburg Academy. Then for a number of years he 
 remained on a farm prior to making Mercersburg his permanent location. In 
 April, 1878, he accepted the position of cashier of the Farmers Bank of Mer- 
 cersburg, which he has creditably filled, and under his able management what 
 was formerly a poorly paying investment now returns good dividends. As a 
 business man Mr. Witherspoon has proved himself a success. He was married 
 December 8, 1886, to Carrie, daughter of Mariot Hays, of Mercersburg, Penn. 
 In politics Mr. Witherspoon is a Eepublican. He is a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church. 
 
 GEOEGE W. WOLFE, farmer, P. O. Mercersburg, was born in Maryland, 
 in 1815, and came to Franklin County, Penn., in 1825, with his parents, who 
 settled near Mercersburg at what was then the John McDowell mill, now owned 
 by Adam Eider. Henry H. Wolfe, his father, was by trade a miller and for a 
 dozen years operated the mill. Our subject learned the trade of his father and 
 when twenty-one years of age went to Antrim Township, this county, where he 
 rented Worley's mill; four years later he was elected constable, and the follow- 
 ing year moved to Middleburg, Penn., where he managed a general store for 
 five years, and also a smithy and butcher shop, besides attending to his offi- 
 cial duties. In 1846 he came to Mercersburg, having already secured quite a 
 competence by industry and frugality. He made several judicious investments in 
 the borough and has also desirable property in Chambersburg, Penn. , and Hagers- 
 town, Md. He is owner of thirty houses and lots in Mercersburg, five farms 
 in Montgomery Township, two farms in Antrim Township, two farms in Peters 
 iownship, 500 acres of timber land in Warren and Peters Townships, and a 
 fine house and lot in Chambersburg, all in Franklin Countv, Penn., and two 
 nouses and lots in Hager8town,Md., and his inco'me from all' sources ranks him 
 among its wealthiest men. He suffered severe losses during the late war 
 
PETERS TOWNSHIP. 873 
 
 of the Eebellion, losing twenty-seven horses and three fine mules besides 
 cattle. Jeb Stuart took his first lot of horses from his farm during his 
 memorable raid through the valley. During the war he was a stanch Union 
 man. He did a great deal of scouting and was one of the bravest in defense 
 of this neighborhood. He is the hero of the celebrated incident in which a 
 rebel soldier and "his horse were killed and another made prisoner in this bor- 
 ough, and during Imboden's raid he saved the lives of ten, colored men by 
 secreting th'em in his loft. Democratic to the core, he has, in a Republican 
 towMhip, filled numerous official positions in all of which he has served faith- 
 fully and with increased honor to his name. 
 
 PETERS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 APPLETON BERGEE, machinist and wood worker, P. O. Foltz, was 
 born in Franklin County, Penn. , February 19, 1853, a son of David and Sarah 
 Jane (Shepler) Berger, also natives of this county, the former of whom died 
 May 1 3, 1885 ; the latter is still living at Cove Gap. In the last named place 
 our subject was reared, and his father being a millwright by trade, he com- 
 menced to learn the same, but soon drifted into other lines of mechanical work, 
 until he has acquired a general knowledge of mechanism which has given him 
 a wide reputation for being an expert workman in wood and all kinds of met- 
 als. He opened a shop in 1880 for the repair and manufacture of machinery, 
 which he has since conducted. An engine, built by him, is now used in the 
 shop of Poffenberger Bros. , and machinery is brought to him to be repaired 
 from as far as ten miles around. Mr. Berger was married, in Franklin County, 
 June 7, 1883, to Miss Emma S. Greenawalt, a native of Franklin County, a 
 daughter of John and Susan Greenawalt. They are both living in Franklin 
 County. Mr. and Mi-s. Berger are the parents of one child, Edna. Mr. Ber- 
 ger is a member of the Reformed Church, Mrs. Berger oi the Lutheran. In 
 politics he is a Republican. 
 
 HENRY BLACK, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, the second son and third child 
 of the Hon. J. Black, was born in Somerset, Penn. , in 1842. His early life 
 was passed in the city schools, where he obtained the rudiments of his educa- 
 tion, which he completed by a course of study at the Morgantown Academy in 
 West Virginia. He studied law with Mr. Chapman, an attorney of York, and 
 after being admitted to the bar he practiced at Salt Lake City, and afterward 
 at Chambersburg for a time. When a boy he spent some time in Europe, and 
 attended school at Frankfort-on-the-Main. He settled on the place where he 
 now resides in 1870; his farm of 247 acres is the one formerly owned by Pres- 
 ident James Buchanan. Mr. Black was married, in 1879, to, Mary Van Tries, 
 who has borne him two children: Henry Van Tries and Mary F. The family 
 do not attend the services of any particular church. In politics Mr. Black is 
 a Democrat. 
 
 CAPT. R. J. BOYD, of the firm of Boyd & Frye, dealers in general 
 merchandise, Upton, was born in Adams County, Penn., January 4, 1834, and 
 is a son of John and Catherine (Catren) Boyd, the former of whom, a native of 
 England, died in 1834; the latter, a native of Ireland, is yet living, in the 
 eighty-fifth year of her age. The boyhood of our subject was passed in the 
 district schools, where he received the rudiments of his education, after which 
 he entered the preparatory depaiLnent of Marshall College, Mercersburg, and 
 
874 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 completed the preparatory course. He then engaged as clerk in Mercersburg 
 for a short time, and in 1853 located in Upton, establishing himself in a general 
 mercantile business, forming a partnership with George Cook, with whom he 
 did business untU 1859; from the latter date until 1861 he was associated in 
 business with John B. Cook. In 1861 the first partner retired and the firm 
 continued under the name of Cook & Boyd until 1867. In 1863 Mr. Boyd en- 
 listed in Company K, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and was. 
 immediately chosen to command the company. He served a month longer than 
 his enlisted time (six months), and was honorably discharged. Upon his return 
 to civil life he resumed his former business relations. In 1867 his present 
 partner came into the firm, and the name became Cook, Boyd & Co. , and from 
 1871 to the present time, Boyd & Frye. Capt. Boyd was elected commissioner 
 of the county in 1871 and served three years. He is a member of tha 
 I. O. O. F. , Marshall Lodge, Mercersburg. He married. May 29, 1856, Susan 
 C. White, who has borne him eight children, six now living: E. M., Mary J., 
 Bessie K., Eobert C, John U. and Estella W. ; Thomas A. and Anna are de- 
 ceased. The Captain and Mrs. Boyd are exemplary members of the Beformed 
 Church. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 JACOB B. BRUMBAUGH, farmer, P. O. Williamson, was born in Wash- 
 ington County, Md. , June 23, 1818, a son of David and Eva (Kisecker) Brum- 
 baugh, both natives of the same county and State. When Jacob B. was nine 
 years of age his parents moved to Franklin County, Penn., and settled in 
 Antrim Township, where they resided until their death, the father dying ia 
 1843 and the mother in 1845. Our subject was reared to manhood in Frank- 
 lin County, which has since been his home, and where he has followed agricult- 
 ural pursuits. January 1, 1856, he married Miss Rebecca Clopper, a native, 
 of Washington County, Md., and a daughter of Samuel Clopper. To this 
 union seven children were born, six of whom are living: Mary Catharine, wife 
 of Hamilton Shrader, resident of Franklin County; Snively S., residing in 
 Rockford, HI. ; Ida Louisa; Elias Guilford; AJinie Eve and Eliza Jane. 
 George Washington Andrew Jackson Brumbaugh died September 4, 1884. 
 Mr. Brumbaugh purchased his present farm in the spring of 1873 and moved 
 on it. He has 170 acres, over 150 of which are under cultivation. Politically 
 he is a Democrat. Mrs. Brumbaugh and family are members of the German 
 Reformed Church. 
 
 J. H. DEVOE, physician and surgeon. Fort Loudon, is a native of Fan- 
 nett Township, this county, and a son of Amos M. Devor, a member of one of 
 the old representative families of this county. In his boyhood his parents re- 
 moved to Metal Township, where his early life was passed. In the district 
 schools he obtained the rudiments of his education, which was afterward de- 
 veloped by a course of study at Shippensburg Normal School, where he took a. 
 scientific course, and graduated in 1880. Previous to going to, and while at 
 the college, he taught six years in the schools of St. Thomas, Montgomery and 
 Metal Townships, this county. His last teaching was at Mercersburg, where 
 he was principal of the public schools. As an educator the Doctor has won 
 laurels. In 1882 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Balti- 
 more, Md., took the full course of lectures, and graduated in 1885. In April 
 of that year, he located in Fort Loudon, where he has devoted himself to the 
 demands of an increasing and remunerative practice. The Doctor is a genial 
 gentleman, a favorite, professionally and socially. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 HENRY ETTER, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was bom in Peters Township, 
 Franklin Co., Penn., on the place where he now resides, March 2, 1885, a son 
 
PETERS TOWNSHIP. 875 
 
 of George and Sarah (Miller) Etter, also natives of this county, the ancestors 
 of Mr. Etter having come to the county in 1792. The place where his grand- 
 father settled was the site of an old fort which had been used in times of Indian 
 warfare for the protection of the whites. George Etter (father of our subject) 
 died March 12, 1864; his wife, April 1, 1837; both were buried inEtter's cem- 
 etery, near the home farm. Our subject was reared in Franklin County, which 
 has always been his home. April 6, 1858, he married Miss Anna Glaser, 
 also a native of this county, daughter of Adam and Catharine (Glee) Glaser, 
 both of whom were born in Germany, where they married, and then cam^ to 
 the United States. They settled in this county, where the mother died ; the 
 father is still a resident of the county, living at Lemasters. Mr. and Mrs. Etter 
 are the parents of five children: George M., William Henry, Sarah Catharine, 
 James Calvin and Eenjamin Franklin, all of whom are now living except 
 George M., who died December 21, 1875. Sarah Catharine married A. B. 
 Ramsey, a teacher at Lemasters. Mr. and Mrs. Etter are both members of 
 the Lutheran Church. In politics he is a Eepublican. The farm owned by 
 Mr. Etter, and on which he now resides, contains about 220 acres all under 
 cultivation. 
 
 DANIEL GLASER, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born in Peters Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co. , Penn. , April 4, 1847, a son of Adam and Catharine (Glee) 
 Glaser, both natives of Werfritz. District of Schlichtern, Hesse-Nassau, Prus- 
 sia, when they were married. Later they immigrated to America, and settled 
 in Franklin County, Penn. Here the father still resides at Lemasters Station; 
 the mother died June 5, 1886, aged seventy years, four months and eleven 
 days, and was buried at Waddell Cemetery, east of Mercersburg. Our sub- 
 ject was reared in Franklin County, and has always made it his home. He 
 was married in same county, January 30, 1868, to Miss Mary E. Lehmaster, 
 who died September 11, 1880. By this marriage there were six children, 
 thi'ee now living: David Rush, Anna Belle and Charles B. ; the deceased are 
 Sarah E. , Mary C. and Elizabeth R. Mr. Glaser married for his second wife, 
 December 21 , 1882, Miss Emma R. Greenawalt, a native of Franklin County, 
 and a daughter of Jacob and Henrietta (Swigert) Greenawalt, both born in 
 Franklin County, the former of whom died in 1879; the latter is living in this 
 township. Mr. and Mrs. Glaser are the parents of one child — Cora E. Mr. 
 Glaser has 169 acres of the home place, of which about 125 are under cultiva- 
 tion. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. He served in 
 the Ninety-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry during the last year of the 
 war. 
 
 CONRAD HARTMANN, farmer, P. O. Williamson, was born near Slickster 
 Starfritz, near Hesse Cassel, Germany, December 20, 1830, a son of Conrad and 
 Elizabeth (Claeser) Hartmann. He was reared to farm life and resided in his 
 native place until he was twenty years of age, when he embarked at Brem en 
 on the ship Augusta, for America, and after a stormy passage of six weeks and 
 two days, arrived at Baltimore, in April, 1852. He there engaged to work by 
 the month for a man who lived outside the city, and with whom he remained 
 two months. He then came to Pennsylvania and located in Franklin County. 
 The first three years he worked by the month, and the next three by the day. 
 March 28, 1858, he married Miss Mary Long, a native of Fuiton County, Penn. , 
 a daughter of Peter and Elizabeth (Wright) Long, also fiom Starfritz, landing 
 in America in 1835. He then bought four acres in Antrim Township, and farmed 
 for four years, also working by the day. He next bought seventy-two acres of 
 land in Peters Township, which was covered with timber and underbrush, but 
 which he commenced improving, and to-day there is no better cultivated farm 
 
S7(3 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 in Franklin County. It ia divided into eight fields, each sepai-ated by a sub- 
 stantial stone fence, and the entire farm surrounded by a fence of the same 
 description. In August, 1864, Mr. Hartmann enlisted in Company D, Two 
 Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was assigned to the 
 Army of the Cumberland, in G/an. Hartranft's division. He was in the oper- 
 ations which resulted in the fall of Eichmond, his principal engagement being 
 Hedge's Eun and the capture of Petersburg. On May 21, 1865, he partici- 
 pated in the grand review at Washington, D. C. As an incident of his mili- 
 tary career, it may be stated that when Gen. Grant gave the order for one man 
 in each brigade to be sent home on a complimentary furlough of twenty-five 
 •days with pay and rations, Mr. Hartmann was the one selected from his brigade 
 ■out of 3,000 men. He was discharged at Harrisburg, June 5, 1865, and re- 
 turned to his family. He and his wife are the parents of ten children as fol- 
 lows: Lizzie, wife of Aaron Hawk of Peters Township; Moses, married to 
 •Catharine Ommert, and residing at Lemaster Station; John Peter, Annie Mary, 
 William McCoy, Henrietta, Ida May and Forence Irene. They had also two 
 •children who died: Nettie Jane and Carrie Alverna. Mr. and Mrs. Hartmann 
 and their oldest five children are members of the Eeformed Church at Upton: 
 Moses, John P. and William McCoy, are members of Brownson Camp, No. 
 132, at Mercersburg. Mr. Hartmann is a member of McCollough's Post, No. 
 497, Mercersburg. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 JACOB HASSLEE (deceased) was bom May 13, 1788, in York County, 
 Penn. ; and is a sou of Joseph and Anna Mary Hassler nee Eoemer, the latter name 
 ■distantly connected with Count Eoemer of one of the cantons of Switzerland. 
 -Joseph settled with his family near St. Thomas, this county, when Jacob, Sr. 
 was a small boy. There the latter was reared and learned the carpenter's trade, 
 which he followed in connection with cabinet-making during life. He mar- 
 ried, April 11, 1815, Elizabeth, daughter of Peter and Hannah KiefPer, an 
 old family of Letterkenny Township, of whom mention is made elsewhere. Mrs. 
 Hassler was bom March 17, 1798, and bore her husband ten children — seven 
 now living: Mrs. Frances Ann, wife of Abraham Kieffer; Eev. J. Hassler, of 
 Fort Loudon; Hannah Mary, widow of Prof. G. W. Euby, of York, Penn. ; 
 Charlotte, wife of Eev. P. C. Prugh, Butler, Penn.; Jane E., wife of N. 
 Ohmer, of Dayton, Ohio; Etta M., wife of Eev. James Wilson, Erie, Penn.; 
 ©aniel. Kieffer Hassler, Dayton, Ohio, John P. Hassler, the eldest son, died 
 in Carlisle in 1877; two. children died in childhood — George Washington and 
 Joseph. Mr. and Mrs. Hassler were members of the Eeformed Church, in 
 whioh he was an active elder. He was an energetic man, a good mechanic, 
 built imany of the largest houses in Mercersburg, and was universally beloved 
 and respected by all who knew him. To his church he was liberal, and was 
 one of the four men who gave |500 each in raising the 110,000 pledged 
 by the town toward the erection of the Theological Seminary of the Eeformed 
 Church, at Mercersburg, in 1835. He died July 29, 1848, and his widow in 
 August, 1856. 
 
 Eev. Jacob Hassleb, pastor of St. Peter's Eeformed Church, Fort 
 Loudon, was bom in Mercersburg, August 25, 1824, and is the fifth child and 
 -ithird e©a of Jacob Hassler, Sr. His boyhood was passed in his native 
 village, and in its schools he obtained the rudiments of his education. In 1840 
 he entered Marshall College at Mercersburg, from which he graduatedin 1845, 
 ■after Tvhich he was tutor in a private family in Maryland for a year He en- 
 *?%*o!!'fl* Theological Seminary in 1846, from which he graduated in the fall 
 «f il«49. For SIX months he traveled as agent for the church's publication 
 fceard; la August, 1850, he became pastor of the St. Thomas and Loudon 
 
PETEES TOWNSHIP. 877 
 
 charge, and the following December was ordained a minister, and for eight 
 years, until August, 1858, labored in this charge. He then accepted a call 
 from the Reformed Church, at Martinsburg, Penn., where he labored five years, 
 and during that time St. John's Reformed Church was erected, together with 
 Blair County Institute, a seminary of learning of which Mr. Hassler was for 
 a time principal. In October, 1863, he removed to Shippensburg, where he 
 labored in the ministry until 1868; thence went to Boonesboro, Md., where he 
 remained until September 1, 1873. During his ministry there the church, 
 membership greatly increased, and a new church building was erected at a 
 cost of $16,000. In 1873 he removed to Mercersburg and organized the 
 Mercersburg Female Seminary, which was conducted successfully until April, 
 1881. During the same time he was pastor of the Loudon and Fannettsburg: 
 churches, his place of residence being at Mercersburg until November, 1884^ 
 at which time he removed to his present place of residence, the old home- 
 stead of his father-in-law, P. Stenger, at Loudon. He is possessed of good 
 literary ability, and has contributed largely to magazines and church papers^ 
 December 25, 1855, Mr. Hassler married Matilda, second daughter of P. 
 Stenger of Conrad, who has borne him three children: Eev. Edgar Schaff 
 Hassler, St. Clairsville, Penn., of the Reformed Church; Wm. Stenger, and 
 Miriam Adelaide. Blanche L. Ault, the daughter of Rev. John Aiilt, once a 
 pastor of Loudon, and chaplain of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteer Infantry makes her home with Mr. Hassler. 
 
 JOHN HAWK, farmer, P. O. Williamson, was born near Myer'stown, Leb- 
 anon Co., Penn., February 5, 1811, a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Walborn) 
 Hawk, also natives of Lebanon County. When our subject was four years of age 
 his parents moved to Franklin County and here resided until their death. The 
 father died December 23, 1826, and the mother in 1857 ; the former is buried, 
 at Greencastle, and the latter in the German Reformed churchyard in St. 
 Thomas Township. Our subject was reared in Franklin County, and well 
 remembers the time when the fine farm land in the vicinity was covered with a 
 large growth of timber. January 17, 1843, he was married in Greencastle, 
 this county, to Miss Mary Hege, a native of Franklin County, and a daughter 
 of John and Maria (Lesher) Hege. To Mr. and Mrs. Hawk seven children 
 were born, three now living: John, who married Miss Ida Brewer (resides in 
 Peters Township, this county) ; Aaron, who married Miss Lizzie Hartman (alsoi 
 resides in this township), and Fannie, wife of David Coble (resides in St. 
 Thomas Township). The deceased children are as follows: Elizabeth, Sarah, 
 Anna Maria, and an infant unnamed. Mrs. Hawk departed this life in April, 
 1877, and was buried in the family burying- ground, where her parents also lie. 
 Mr. Hawk is a Republican politically, a member of the German Reformed 
 Church. He has led an active life, and for nearly three-quarters of a century 
 has been indentified with Franklin County, of which he is a highly respected 
 citizen. He has 460 acres of land, two-thirds of which is under cultivation.. 
 
 JOHN HILL, cooper and farmer, P. O. Foltz, was born, at St. Thomas,. 
 Franklin Co., Penn., August 27, 1836, a son of John and Susan (Newcomer) 
 Hill, former of whom, also a native of this county, resides at St. Thomas ; th& 
 latter died February 24, 1867, and is buried in the graveyard of the Reformed 
 Church at St. Thomas, St. Thomas Township. Our subject was reared in this, 
 county and has always made it his home. At the age of sixteen years he com- 
 menced to learn the cooper's trade at Loudon with Joseph AUsip, and finished 
 under him. In 1859 he started a cooper shop at Charlestown, this county, 
 and has contiaued in the business there ever since. In 1881 he erected a saw- 
 mill near Cove Gap, and has cond icted it since. He has shipped large quan- 
 
S78 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 tities of bark to Lancaster and other points. ■ He was married at Mount Par- 
 nell, this county, December 3, 1857, to Miss Susan Jane Seylar, a native of 
 Franklin County, and daughter of Frederick and Sarah Seylar, who both died 
 in this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Hill eight children were born, six of whom 
 are living: Ida; John Frederick, who married Susan Truax, and resides at 
 Charlestown, this county; Laura Virginia, wife of Calvin Houpt, resides in 
 Charlestown; Carrie; Albert Clinton, married Mary Keefer, also resides at 
 Charlestown; and Bruce. The deceased are Ellsworth and Balph. Mr. Hill 
 has about 785 acres of land lying in Peters and Warren Townships, and is 
 probably the largest laudholding farmer in this township. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. Mrs. Hill is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Mercersburg. 
 
 ISAAC HOLLENSHEAD, distiller, P. O. Foltz, was born in Belfast 
 Township, Fulton Co., Penn., August 11, 1830, a son of James and Mary 
 (Millott) Hollenshead, who were also born in Belfast Township, where the 
 father died and where the mother still resides on the old homestead. Isaac 
 was reared in Fulton County, and there resided until 1863, when he entered the 
 service of his country in Company H, One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Pennsyl- 
 Tania Volunteer Infantry, serving ten months. He then returned home but 
 soon again enlisted in the Two Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer In- 
 fantry, Company D, and served until the close of the war. He was in the engage- 
 ments at Fort Steadman and in the operations about Petersburg and vicinity 
 that resulted in the fall of Richmond and the surrender of Gen. Lee. He was 
 discharged at Harrisburg, and returned to Fulton County. He worked by the 
 day one year, and in 1807 moved to Cove Gap, and two years later started in 
 the distillery business in partnership with A. J. linger. Six years later this 
 partnership was dissolved, and since then Mr. Hollenshead has continued 
 alone. The daily capacity of the distillery is twelve bushels and thirty-three 
 pounds, and the ordinary run is up to that limit. Mr. Hollenshead married, 
 in Fulton County, October 11, 1853, Miss Matilda Correll, and they have two 
 children living: Sylvester and Joseph, latter married to Clara McFadden, re- 
 siding in Franklin County. Mr. Hollenshead has eighty-four acres of land, 
 but does no farming himself. 
 
 SAMUEL HOOVER, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born in Franklin 
 County, Penn., June 24, 1850, a son of Michael and Susan (Etter) Hoover, 
 also natives of this county, with the interests of which the Hoover family have 
 been identified for three generations. His father is still a resident of Frank- 
 lin County, but his mother died about 1880. Here our subject was reared and 
 has always resided. He was mafried in May, 1875, to Miss Fannie Lehmaster, 
 a native of this county, and a daughter of David and Nancy Lehmaster. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Hoover are the parents of five children: David L., Lizzie Susan, 
 Mary Frances, Henry L. and Samuel. Mr. Hoover has 147 acres of land, 
 and all but ten acres of it is improved. Politically he is a Republican 
 
 THOMAS C. JOHNSTON, farmer, P. O. Mercersburg, was born in Peters 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., October 9, 1829. His parents, Alexander M. 
 and Esther R. (Rankin) Johnston, were born in Franklin County; both died 
 in the spring of 1870, and are buried in Fairview Cemetery. His ancestors 
 came from Scotland, and settled in Lancaster County, Penn., where some are 
 buried; others removed in 1794 to lands in Franklin County, Penn., which had 
 been purchased many years previous. Their remains rest in Slate Hill Grave- 
 yard, about two miles east of Mercersburg. Thomas C. has always made his 
 home in Franklin County. He was married in Cannonsburg, Washington Co. , 
 Penn., November 19, 1857, to Miss Margaretta R. Templeton, a native of that 
 place, and a daughter of David and Eliza M. Templeton. Mr. and Mrs John- 
 
PETEES TOWNSHIP. 879 
 
 ston were reared in and are still adherents of the Associate Presbyterian 
 Church. In politics he is a Republican. They are the parents of two chil- 
 dren: A. Moncrieff and Ella E. Mr. Johnston has about 300 acres of land, of 
 which 160 are under citltivation. He has retired from active pursuits, but 
 still resides on the farm property. The patent of the property was given in 
 1740 by the Penns, John, Thomas and Richard, then proprietors of the prov- 
 ince of Pennsylvania. Quality Run, which flows between Peters and Mont- 
 gomery Townships, has its source near, and several of the springs from which 
 it commences, are on Mr. Johnston' s farm. 
 
 SAMUEL H. JOHNSTON, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born in Adams 
 County, Penn. , December 27, 1837, a son of James and Nancy (Rankin) John- 
 ston, natives of this county, former of whom died January, 2, 1878; the lat- 
 ter is yet living in Pulton County. Our subject is the seventh in a family of 
 «ight children; was reared to manhood in Fulton County, and there resided until 
 1877. He then moved to this county, and purchased the property on which he 
 now resides. He was married, in Franklin County, January 10, 1870, to Miss 
 Elizabeth McDowell, a native of this county, and a daughter of Alexander and 
 Margaret (Bard) McDowell, her ancestors having been among the early settlers 
 of Franklin County. Her great- grandmother was captured by the Indians in 
 the early days of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston are the parents of four 
 children: Nannie and Maggie (twins), James McDowell and Mary. Mr. John- 
 ston has about 200 acres of land, nearly all under cultivation. He enlisted in 
 1863 in Company H, Twenty- first Pennsylvania Cavalry; was assigned to the 
 Army of the Potomac, and served one year in the sei^ice in the Schuylkill coal 
 regions, where his company were assigned. In 1864 he was mustered out at 
 Harrisburg, and returned home. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston are members of the 
 Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 JOHN KRINER, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born January 20, 1836, in 
 Franklin County, Penn. , on the farm where he now resides, a son of Jacob and 
 Barbara (Over) Kriner, former of whom was born in Lancaster County, latter 
 in Pranldin County. They were married in Franklin County, and here the 
 father died in February, 1858; the mother is still living in this county. Here 
 our subject was reared to manhood, and November 1, 1860, married Miss Cath- 
 arine Rebecca Haulman, a native of Franklin County, and a daughter of Jacob 
 and Mary (Alleman) Haulman, latter deceased, former a resident of this county. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Kriner eight children were born, six of whom are living: 
 Barbara Ellen (married to Jackson Gerhardt; they reside in Franklin County), 
 Catharine Elizabeth (married to Andrew MUler, of the same county), Oma 
 Frances, Keziah Rebecca, Hannah Mary and Jacob Wesley. The deceased 
 are John Ramsey and an infant. Mr. Kriner has 123 acres of land, of which 
 all but fifteen acres are under cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Kriner are members 
 ■of the Reformed Church. 
 
 JACOB KRINER (deceased) was born in Franklin County, Penn. , May 26, 
 1843, a son of Jacob and Barbara (Over) Kriner, both natives of this county, 
 where the mother still resides; the father died about 1856. Jacob was reared 
 to manhood in Franklin County, where he was married December 23, 1869, to 
 Miss Kezia Stinger, also a native of this county, a daughter of Jacob and Mar- 
 garet (McCutehen) Stinger, the former of whom, a native of Berks County, 
 died about 1868 ; and the latter, a native of Franklin County, died in March, 
 1879; both are bui-ied in Loudon Cemetery. Mr. and Mrs. Kriner were the 
 parents of two children: Margaret Catharine and Barbara Ellen. Mr. Kriner 
 departed this life at his home, December 7, 1881, and is bnried in St. Thomas. 
 Mrs. Kriner has 116 acres of land, nearly all of which is under cultivation. 
 
880 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Mr. Kriner was a member of the Eeformed Church, of which his widow is still 
 
 a member. , , • -ci i t- 
 
 JACOB E LAMASTEE, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born in 1 ranklin 
 Couaty, Penn., July 5, 1842, a son of John and Jane E. (McCurdy) Lamaster, 
 both natives of Franklin County, where they were married, and where the 
 father died June 5, 1857 (he is buried in the graveyard of the Eeformed Churq(h 
 at Ft Loudon); the mother resides in Loudon. Our subject was reared in 
 Frankin County, and February 6, 1864, married Miss Mary Jane Beaver, a 
 native of this county, a daughter of John Beaver. Her parents died in this 
 county Mr. and Mrs. Lamaster were the parents of four children, two of 
 whom are living: Seth and Mamie; the deceased are Myrtle and Jennie. Mr. 
 Lamaster has 151 acres of land, nearly all of which is under cultivation. 
 Mrs Lamaster died February 12. 1877, and is buried in the graveyard of the 
 Eeformed Church at Loudon. Mr. Lamaster married, the second time, No- 
 vember 10, 1886, Miss Sadie E. Little of Clay Centre, Clay Co., Kas., a native 
 of Concord, this county, born May 23, 1851. In politics our subject is a Dem- 
 ocrat; is also a member of the Presbyterian Church. _ 
 
 W. O. LANTZ, physician and surgeon, Lemasters, was born in Marion, 
 Franklin Co. , Penn. , in 1856, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Myers)Lantz, 
 old settlers of this county. His boyhood was passed in a manner common with 
 the sons of farmers. In the district schools he obtained the rudiments of hia 
 education, which was afterward supplemented by a course of study in the select 
 schools. At the age of sixteen years he began teaching, which he followed 
 eight years, principally in Franklin County. He began reading medicine under 
 Dr. George E. KaufFman (at Kauffman Station), who was his preceptor for 
 some time. He entered Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1879, 
 which institute conferred on him its diploma of graduation in 1882. Immedi- 
 ately after he located at Lemasters, where he has since devoted himself to the 
 demands of an increasing and remunerative practice. The Doctor is a member 
 of Franklin County Medical Society; is a member of the I. O. O. P., Marshall 
 Lodge, No. 233; in politics a Eepubliean. He was married in 1882, to Miss. 
 Eebecca ShuU, daughter of George S. Shull of Guilford Township, this county, 
 and has one child, Bessie Shull. The family attend the services of the Lu- 
 theran Church. 
 
 DAVID LEMASTEE (deceased) was born in Franklin County, Penn., a, 
 son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Eeidenower) Lemaster, both natives of this coun- 
 ty. He was reared in Franklin County, which was always his home, and. 
 March 25, 1847, he married Miss Nancy Meyers, also a native of Franklin 
 County, a daughter of Jacob and Polly (Sniveley) Meyers, natives of Cumber- 
 land and Franklin Counties, respectively, and both of whom died in this coun- 
 ty. To Mr. and Mrs. Lemaster were bom five children, two of whom are 
 living: Clara Anna, wife of J. Monroe Light, married October 10, 1882 (they 
 reside in Peters Township, and have one child living — Sadie May; another, 
 Samuel Lemaster, died); Fannie, who married Samuel Hoover, and lives at 
 Church Hill. The deceased children are Mary, wife of Daniel Glazer; Jacob 
 and Samuel (twins). Mr. Lemaster died in March, 1876, and is buried at. 
 Etter's Cemetery, near Lehmaster's Station. Mrs. Lemaster has seventeen 
 acres of land. She is a member of the Ho.over Church. 
 
 BENJAMIN LESHEE, retired farmer, P. O. Williamson, was born in 
 Guilford Township, Franklin Co., Penn., April 2, 1815, a son of Joseph and 
 Franie (Lehman) Lesher. The former was born in Manheim Township, Lan- 
 caster Co. , Penn. , and the latter in Greene Township, this county. Both died 
 in this county, the former on November 12, 1857, and the latter on December 
 
PETEES TOWNSHIP. 881 
 
 30, 1827. Our subject was reared in this county, and the only time he spent, 
 out of it was one year in Ohio. He was married in Chambersburg, Penn. , 
 January 7, 1841 , to Miss Elizabeth Hege, a native of Peters Township, Frank- 
 lin County, and a daughter of John and Maria (Hege) Lesher, both of whom died 
 in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Lesher are the parents of four children, two of 
 whom are living: Isaac, who married Lillie Porter, and lives at Chambers- 
 burg, Penn., and is in the hardware business; Jeremiah, who married 
 Elizabeth Haller, and lives with Mr. Lesher (he carries on farming operations). 
 The deceased are Katie, who died December 22, 1880, aged nearly twenty-five 
 years, and an infant, who died July 14, 1842. Mr. Lesher has 200 acres of 
 land, about 150 of which are under cultivation. He is now seventy -one years 
 of age, and has a distinct recollection of dates of events occurring half a cen- 
 tury ago. He was ordained a minister of the old Mennonite Church June 8, 
 1850, at the church north of Chambersburg, by Bishop Abraham Eoth. In 
 politics he is neutral. Mr. Lesher' s great-grandfather, Casper Lesher, and 
 his brother, Balshaser, were miners in Switzerland, and were brought to 
 America when young lads by some of their friends. Balshaser was lost, it 
 was supposed captured by the Indians; Casper, in process of time, was mar- 
 ried to Miss Buchanan, by whom he had two sons, Michael and John, and died 
 in 1760, when John was four weeks old; Michael Lesher lived in Lebanon 
 County, Penn., and died in 1830 without issue; John Lesher married Elizabeth 
 Basler, of Lancaster County, Penn., by whom he had three sons: Joseph, 
 John and Michael. In 1804 he moved to Franklin County, and settled on a, 
 tract of land of 280 acres one and a half miles south of Chambersburg, which 
 is still in the possession of some of his descendants. His wife died in 1823, 
 he surviving her sixteen years. Joseph had six sons by his first wife: John, 
 Daniel, David, Benjamin, Joseph and Samuel, all deceased except Benjamin 
 and Samuel. His second wife was Mrs. Mary Miller (Smith), by whom he 
 had one daughter, Anna (deceased), and one son, Abraham. Our subject's 
 great-grandfather, John Lehman, came from Switzerland via SchafiFhausen on 
 the Ehine, in early years, and settled in Lancaster County, Penn. His son 
 Daniel married a Miss Shelley, by whom he had two sons : John and Daniel, 
 and five daughters: Anna, Susie, Maria, Barbara and Elizabeth. His wife 
 died, and he then married Maria NeWcommer, by whom he had four sons: 
 Christian, Peter, Abraham and Samuel, and three daughters: Magdalena, 
 Ester and Franz. Daniel moved to Franklin County, Penn., in 1778, and set- 
 tled on the farm now owned by his granddaughter, Mrs. Sollonia Horst, one 
 and a half miles northwest of Chambersburg, along the creek, where he built a 
 fulling-mill, and carried on farming and fulling home-made cloth for the set- 
 tlers. He died in 1804, and is buried in what is called the Wingerd grave- 
 yard, a short distance northwest of the present toll-gate. He was a minister 
 of the old Mennonite Church, and with others was instrumental in building a 
 house of worship on the site where the Mennonite Church now stands, north 
 of Chambersburg, on the Philadelphia pike. His widow survived him sixteen 
 years, and is buried at his side. 
 
 ARCHIBALD B. McDOWELL (deceased) was born October 20, 1837, in 
 this county, a son of Alexander and Margaret (Bard) McDowell, both natives 
 of Franklin County, where they also died. Our subject was reared in this 
 county, and here he always resided. April 28, 1859, he married Miss 
 Margaretta McKinnie, a native of Franklin County, and a daughter of Robert 
 and Eliza (Waddell) McKinnie, both natives of this county, where they spent 
 their lives and died, the former about 1882, and the latter about 1854. Mr. 
 and Mrs. McDowell were the parents of eight children, six of whom are liv- 
 
^g2 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 inff- Alexander Bard, Anna Belle, Robert Smith, Mary Jane, William Beattj 
 and Thomas Creigh. James Dunlap and an infant are deceased. Mr. Mc- 
 Dowell died November 12, 1884, and is buried in the Waddell Cemetery. He 
 was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, and Mrs. McDowell is a member of 
 the same denomination at Mercersburg, as are all her children except the 
 youngest. She has about 130 acres of land, all of which is under cultivation. 
 In politics Mr. McDowell was a Republican. 
 
 DANIEL D. MEYERS, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born m this county 
 May 22, 1850, a son of John S. and Mary (Hollinger) Meyers. John S. was 
 a native of Adams County, Penn., and came to Franklin County when he had 
 reached the age of about twenty-seven years ; his wife was born near Waynes- 
 boro, Franklin County, and they are now living near Welsh Run, Montgomery 
 Township, this county. Our subject was reared in his birthplace, and has 
 always made Franklin County his home. At the age of eighteen years he 
 began learning the milling trade with his father, at which he worked for several 
 years. In the spring of 1876 he gave up milling and began farming, which 
 he has since followed. He was married in Franklin County, near Clay Lick 
 Hall, November 7, 1872, to Miss Susan Hoover, a native 06 Franklin County, 
 and a daughter of John and Nancy Hoover. Her parents both died in this 
 ■county. Mr. and Mrs. Meyers were the parents of nine childre n, of whom 
 eight are living: John, Elam, Anna Mary, Emma, Amos, Aaron, Fannie and 
 Ida; Ezra died in 1875. Mr. Meyers has 160 acres of land, 140 of which are 
 under cultivation, with substantial buildings, etc. He is a member of the York 
 Brethren Church. 
 
 MELCHI MEYERS, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born in this county, 
 September 7, 1858, a son of Abraham and Eliza (Shartle) Meyers. His father 
 was a native of Adams County, and died in Franklin County, August 20, 1881. 
 His mother is still living in Franklin County. Our subject was reared in this 
 county, where he received his education, and has always made his home. He 
 was married, September 23, 1879, to Miss Katie Breechbill, a native of Frank- 
 lin County, and a daughter of Christian and Nancy Breechbill, the latter 
 deceased, the former residing in this county, a preacher of the York Brethren 
 denomination. Mr. and Mrs. Meyers are the parents of three children: Nor- 
 man, Elmer and Enos. Mr. Meyers has 161 acres of land in Peters Township, 
 all under cultivation. He and his family are members of the York Brethren 
 Church. 
 
 W. P. NOBLE, physician and surgeon, Upton, was born in Fannettsburg, 
 Franklin Co. , Penn. , in 1845, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Aikins) 
 Noble, natives, the former of Franklin County, the latter of Adams County, 
 Penn. His early life was spent in the district schools, in which he obtained 
 the rudiments of an education, and afterward entered the Tuscarora Academy 
 at Academia, Penn. , where he completed his literary course in a few years of 
 study, and also taught one year. Leaving school temporarily, he enlisted, in 
 1862, in Company D, One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteer In- 
 fantry, and served his enlistment of nine months. He was in the battles of 
 Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, receiving in the latter engagement two slight 
 wounds, one in the left eye and the other in the right foot. He was honora- 
 bly discharged in 1863, and, upon his return to civil life, resumed his studies, 
 which he completed in 1866. He then read medicine under Dr. A. H. Senseny, 
 a prominent physician of Chambersburg, who was his preceptor until after 
 graduating. In the fall of 1867 he entered JefPerson Medical College, Phila- 
 delphia, which institution conferred on him its diploma of graduation in 1869. 
 In June of the same year he began practicing at Greeacastle, where he re- 
 
PETERS TOWNSHIP. 883 
 
 luaiaed until December 27, 1871, the time of his location at Upton, where he 
 has since devoted himself to the demands of an increasing and lucrative prac- 
 tice. The Doctor served three years as school director; was elected coroner, 
 but did not qualify. He is a member of the Franklin County Medical Society, 
 also of the State medical society, also a life member of the alumni associa- 
 tion of Jefferson Medical College. He married, November 24, 1870, Alice S. 
 Fleming, and they have three children: Howard F., Anna Belle and Sarah 
 Maude. In politics the Doctor is a Democrat. The family attend the services 
 of the Methodist and Lutheran Churches. 
 
 JOHN P. OVER, farmer, P. O. Lemasters, was born in Peters Township, 
 Franklin Co., Penn. , August 12, 1838, a son of Christian and Eliza (Pheil) 
 Over, former of whom, a native of Franklin County, died August 19, 1883; 
 the latter, a native of Dauphin County, died April 12, 1875. Our subject was 
 reared in Franklin County, and has always made it his home. November 22, 
 1860, he married Miss Mary Schneider, also a native of this county, a daughter 
 of Jacob and Nancy Schneider. Her parents removed to Illinois from this 
 county, and there her mother died; her father is still living in that State. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Over are the parents of ten childi'en, nine of whom are living: Chris- 
 tian Elmer, lives in Carroll County, 111. ; Anna Rebecca, married to William 
 Oilbert, and resides in Pennsylvania; Emma, wife of John Clark, lives in 
 Peters Township; Jacob; John Calvin; Abraham Oliver; George Willard; Mary 
 ■Catherine and James Garfield (Eliza Jane is deceased). Mr. Over has 100 
 acres of land, of which about ninety are in cultivation. Mrs. Over is a mem- 
 ber of the Lutheran Church. In politics Mr. Over is a Republican. 
 
 CAPT. JAMES PATTON (deceased) was the progenitor of the Patton 
 iamily in this county. He was Scotch-Irish by birth, and settled on 299 
 acres of land in this township, which came into his possession by two 
 warrants, one dated 1744, the other 1786. This tract of land is the site of 
 Fort Loudon; the land at that time was in Antrim Township, Lancaster 
 County, and is now the property of J. H. Hoerner. About the time of the 
 issue of the warrant, in 1744, Mr. Patton settled on the land, and there 
 he lived and died. He had five children: Robert, James, Rebecca, Elizabeth, 
 and Matthew. Matthew Patton was born on the old homestead, where he was 
 reared, and where he lived during his life. He was twice married; first 
 to Anna McFarland, who bore him five children : James (deceased), Robert, 
 John, Jane C, and Mary Ann (deceased). His second wife was Susan Sea- 
 burn, who bore him three children: Elias, Andrew J. (deceased) and 
 Rebecca M. He was an associate judge of the county a number of years, and 
 besides held the office of justice of the peace. He was a gentleman of good 
 executive ability, sound judgment and good business tact. He raised a 
 company of cavalry for the war of 1812, but owing to a disagreement in re- 
 gard to dismounting the men and making foot soldiers of them, the conapany 
 was disbanded and returned home. Mr. Patton was successful in business, 
 and accumulated considerable property ; in polities he was , a Democrat. He 
 died June 25, 1845; his widow, October 1, 1863, aged sixty -three years. 
 Both were members of the Presbyterian Church, and took an active interest in 
 religious works. During the latter years of their lives they were connected with 
 the Reformed church, because there was no Presbyterian organization or 
 privileges of worship. 
 
 Elias Patton, retired farmer, was born on the old homestead, March 
 26, 1823, and is a son of Matthew Patton. He was reared on the farm, and 
 in the subscription schools received a practical education. At the age 
 of twenty three he began life for Idmself. In April, 1846, he married Ellen, 
 
884 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 daughter of George and Jane (McClellan) Cason, old settlers. After his 
 marriage he located on the homestead where he lived for many years. (Ha 
 has resided in the township all his life.) He retired to private life in 1878, 
 settling in Fort Loudon, where he resides surrounded by all the comforts of 
 life. He and his wife are members of the Eeformed Church, to which they 
 have been devoted for many years, and take an active interest in religious mat- 
 ters. Mr. Patton owns 160 acres of good land well improved and in a good 
 state of cultivation, and has also fine village properties. He has been emi- 
 nently successful in life and is one of the wealthy and influential men of 
 the township. To him and his wife have been born six children, five now liv- 
 ing: George C, Susan Ann., Rebecca M., James and Ella H. ; Jane is de- 
 ceased. Mr. Patton is a Democrat in politics. 
 
 JACOB POFFENBERGER, blacksmith, P. O. Foltz, was born in Fred- 
 erick County, Md. , November 8, 1850. His parents, Jacob H. and Barbara 
 (Reidnour) PofEenberger, were born in the same county and State, where they 
 were also married. In 1862 they came to Franklin County, and here remained 
 four years, then moved to Fulton County, and thence, after two years, came 
 back to Franklin County, locating at Cove Gap, where the father died June- 
 15, 1873. He is buried in Mercersburg Cemetery; the mother still resides at 
 Cove Gap. Our subject is the seventh of nine children. When the family 
 lived in Fulton County he commenced to work at the blacksmith trade, which, 
 after coming to Cove Gap, he adopted as a business. His father being a. 
 blacksmith, from him our subject learned the trade. After his father's death, 
 Jacob and his brother, George F., continued the business, and they still con- 
 duct it. They have a foundry and general repair shop, where they employ five 
 or six hands. They do all kinds of casting and repair work and handle agri- 
 cultural implements. They have about 248 acres of mountain land and about 
 six acres which they farm. November 7, 1878, Jacob Poffenberger married 
 Miss Delia Berger, a native of Cove Gap, and a daughter of David and Sarah 
 J. Berger. Our subject and wife are members of the Lutheran Church at 
 Mercersburg. 
 
 MICHAEL RYDER, Sr. , retired carpenter and farmer. Fort Loudon, was. 
 born in Lancaster County, Penn., May 13, 1798, and is a son of Michael, Sr., 
 and Saloma (Wortz) Ryder, natives of Pennsylvania. His boyhood was passedl 
 on the farih, and he had little or no opportunity for securing an education. In 
 the seventeenth year of his age he was bound out to serve an apprenticeship at 
 the carpenter' s trade, which he followed eight years. In 1824 he married Mary, 
 daughter'oE Adam and Elizabeth (LDngenecker) Ryder, and after his marriage 
 resided in Peters Township for two years, then removed to Fannett Township, 
 where he purchased a farm on which he lived fourteen years, after which he 
 purchased a farm near Loiidoa, oa which he settled and lived until 1875, whea 
 he removed to town, and has since lived a life of retirement in the enjoyment 
 of the fruits of his hard earned labor. He began life with small means, only 
 about $2,000 ia all, and has been eminently successful, prosperity attending- 
 his every effort. He is yet the owner of 139 acres of cultivated land, and 
 has given his children a good start in life. The children, eight in number, ar© 
 named as follows: Joseph, Elizabeth, Mary A., Adam N., John A., Anna, 
 Michael W. and Catherine. All are married and gone from the parental home- 
 except the youngest, Catherine, who still resides with her aged parents. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Ryder in early life were members of the Reformed Church, but whea 
 they located in Fannett Township there was no organized Reformed Church 
 there, and they united with the Presbyterians. After settling here they 
 became connected with the Reformed Mennonite Church. Mrs. Ryder wa& 
 
PETERS TOWNSHIP. 885 
 
 born near Greencastle, Franklin County, August 26, 1804. Adam Eyder, 
 father of Mrs. Eyder, was born in Lancaster County, Penn., and settled in 
 Antrim Township, this county, in 1803, where he followed his trade, smithing, 
 for a number of years; later he purchased a farm in Peters Township, where 
 he lived the remainder of his life. He was a hardworking man, universally 
 respected by all who knew him. He was the father of seven children: Mary, 
 Anna, Eliza, Michael, Leah, Catherine and Benjamin L. He died in 1857, 
 aged seventy-eight years; his widow died in 1864 at about the same age. 
 
 MICHAEL RYDER of A, a farmer and stock raiser, P. O. Lemasters, was 
 born in this county, August 6, 1831, to Adam W. and Catherine (Sohenck) Ryder, 
 both natives of Lancaster County, Penn. , the former of whom died April 27, 
 1884, the latter July 6, 1877. and both are buried in the Mennonite graveyard, 
 near Upton. Our subject was reared in this county, and here has passed his 
 life. He was married in Chambersburg, this county, December 29, 1863, to 
 Miss Jennie Fritz, a daughter of Jacob and Jane (Gressap) Fritz, the former 
 of whom died in this county in May, 1874, and the latter in October, 1868. 
 Both are buried in the Little Cove churchyard. In the fall of 1884 Mr. Ryder 
 purchased his present home farm about a mile south of Lemasters, and moved 
 on it in the spring following. To him and his wife four children were born, 
 two living: Elld May and William Emmert. The deceased were both infants. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Eyder are members of the Lutheran Church at Mercersburg. 
 Mr. Ryder owns over fifty-eight acres of land in Peters Township, all 
 improved, and he raises cattle and horses. Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 PETER STENGER, of Conrad, was born in Peters Township, this coun- 
 ty, March 18, 1795. His father was of German birth and settled with his 
 family in this locality some time previous to the birth of Peter ; he had two 
 daughters and six sons; he died in 1831; by occupation he was a farmer and 
 tavern-keeper; his first wife was Martha Rhodarmer, the mother of his chil- 
 dren; his second wife was Mrs. Christiana Shearer, nee Markle. John, a son 
 of Cofirad, served in the war of 1812. Peter Stenger lived in Peters Town- 
 ship all his days, and in early and middle life followed farming, but in 1836 
 he established himself in a store at Loudon until 1852. He served as assessor 
 of the township; was a member of the Reformed Church. Jn business he 
 succeeded admirably. He married Christiana Shearer, who bore him six chil- 
 dren, who grew to manhood and womanhood, viz.: Harriet, wife of H. E. Hoke 
 of Chambersburg, Penn. ; Matilda, wife of Rev. Jacob Hassler, Loudon, 
 this county; George M. ; William S., secretary of State; Martha Ann, de- 
 ceased wife of John H. Hoerner; and Hannah Mary, wife of John A. Diehl, 
 Marion, Penn. Mr. Stenger died in 1885; his wife in 1875, aged sixty-nine 
 years and two months. Both were members of the Reformed Church. George 
 M. Stenger was bom in Peters Township, this county, July 1, 1837, and 
 received the rudiments of his education in the district schools, entering Frank- 
 lin and Marshall College, at Lancaster, Penn., in 1854, and taking the full 
 course, graduated in 1857. After that he studied law undjer Eeilly & Sharpe, 
 of Chambersburg, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. He practiced a few 
 years and then devoted himself to mercantile business in Chambersburg for 
 two years and a half, and since then has resided in the vicinity of Loudon, 
 where he leads a retired life. He has held some of the township offices. He 
 married Charlotte Hassler, and both are members of the Eeformed Church. 
 In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 W. A. TEOGLER, farmer, P. O. Mercersburg, was born in Franklin 
 County, Penn., January 28, 1840, a son of Gottleib and Christine (Kopp) 
 Trogler, natives of Schondorff, W'lrtemberg, Germany, where they were mar- 
 
886 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ried; in 1832 they came to America, settling in Frauklin County, Penn. Tli& 
 former was born August 4, 1802, and died here March 1, 1871; the latter was 
 born September 4, 1798, and died December 17, 1884. Both are buried in the 
 Lutheran Church graveyard at Loudon. Our subject was reared in Franklin 
 County, and has alwaj's made it his home. He was married in this county, 
 January 6, 1870, to Miss Susannah Martin, native of Franklin County, and a 
 daughter of Jacob and Nancy (Butterbaugh) Martin. Her parents are both 
 living; her grandparents on her mother's side are dead; her grandfather, Jacob 
 Martin, is also dead, and all are buried in the same graveyard at Welsh Run, 
 this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Trogler nine children were born, six of whom 
 are living. They are Harvey Ellis, Ida May, William Elmer, John Calvin, David 
 Edgar and Mary. The deceased are Milton Ellsworth, Minnie Grace and an 
 infant unnamed. Mr. Trogler has about 645 acres of land and is the largest 
 landholding farmer in Peters Township. He first enlisted in August, 1862, in 
 the nine months' service, in company D, One Handred and Twenty-sirth Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and was assigned to the Fifth Army 
 Corps, Gen. Meade. At the expiration of his term of enlistment he was trans- 
 ferred to the One Hundred and Second Regitnent Infantry, Sixth Army 
 Corps, Gen. Wright; served through the war, and was discharged in July, 1865. 
 He was in the battle of Fredericksburg, was wounded at Burn side's mud 
 march, etc. , participated in the movements which resulted in the fall of Rich- 
 mond and the surrender of Gen. Lee, and also took part in many minor engage- 
 ments and skirmishes. Mr. Trogler was reared in the Lutheran faith. 
 
 AARON J. UNGER, distiller, P. O. Foltz, was born near Smithsburg, 
 Washington Co., Md., December 21, 1841, a son of David and Mary (Oswald) 
 Unger, also born in that county and State, where they were married. 
 When Aaron J. was in his fifth year they moved to Franklin County, first lo- 
 cating about three-quarters of a mile from Waynesboro, and in October, 1853, 
 they moved to Cove Gap, where the father died August 28, 1862; he was 
 buried in Mercersburg Cemetery, The mother resides at Mercersburg. 
 Aaron J. was reared in Franklin County. His great-grandfather was a dis- 
 tiller, and his direct ancestors down to and including his father were also dis- 
 tillers, so he naturally embarked in that line of business himself. In 1866 he 
 entered into partnership with George W. Smith, with whom he continued 
 until 1867. In 1873 he engaged in the same business with Isaac Hollens- 
 head, with whom he remained until the fall of 1879, when our subject 
 erected a plant of his own, which he now operates at Cove Gap. Ita 
 capacity is nine bushels and twenty-one pounds per day. December 20, 1866 
 Mr. Unger was married, in Ohio, to Miss Barbara Ellen Hoke, a native of this 
 county, and a daughter of William and Mary Hoke, both deceased, the former hav . 
 mg died in Kansas, the latter in Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Unger eight children 
 have been born: D. W., Mary V., John E., Benjamin E., Anna J., Blanch E 
 A. J., Jr., and Barbara E.. Mr. Unger has about twenty-four acres around 
 thedistUlery, besides property in Mercersburg. This distillery makes four 
 gallons and one pmt to the bushel, which is probably the highest record 
 made by any hand-mash distillery in this county, and this record has been 
 kept up in the month of June, which is probably the least advantageous 
 month to make a test satisfactory to the proprietors. The importance of 
 this large output to the bushel may be better appreciated when it is noted 
 that there are many distilleries which do not come up to two and one-half 
 gallons to the bushel This large return is due to the care used in select- 
 '""^T^^^T^i^^ih" ^°°^,°* ^^^ i^t^'^aal revenue service bear this fact out. 
 
 DAVID /OOK (deceased) was a native of Lancaster County, Penn • born 
 
QUINCY TOWNSHIP. 887 
 
 in January, 1809, a son of Christian and Annie Zook, both natives of that 
 county. Our subject was reared in Lancaster County, and there, on October 
 16, 1840, he married Miss Susan Kesh, also a native of Lancaster County, 
 daughter of Christian and Barbara Resh; the former was born in Lancaster 
 County, the latter in Franklin County. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Zook 
 removed to Cumberland County, Penn. , where he died December 29, 1859. 
 Mrs. Zook resided in Cumberland County until 1877, when she removed with 
 her family to this county, and located in Peters Township, where she still re- 
 sides. To her and her husband were born seven children, of whom three are 
 living: Elizabeth, Mary and Kebecca, the latter of whom married George 
 Moore. The deceased are Annie, Abram, Jacob and an infant. Jacob was 
 married to Annie Bumbarger June 12, 1877, and died September 4, 1880, 
 leaving three children: Elsie M., David and Jacob. Mrs. Zook is a mem- 
 ber of the Reformed Mennonite Church. She has 100 acres of land, all under 
 cultivation. 
 
 QUINCY TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JESSE BAEB, miller, P. O. Five Forks, was born in Washington Town- 
 ship, this county, May 9, 1832, the third son of Gabriel Baer, who was born in 
 Lancaster County, Penn., and died in 1859, aged about sixty-two years. He 
 was a cabinet-maker and for several years also carried on a woolen-mill at 
 Waynesboro. Our subject was reared at home with his parents and spent his 
 boyhood in the woolen factory. In 1849 he commenced to learn the miller's 
 trade, which he has since followed. In 1868 he began milling on his own ac- 
 count at the mill in which he now owns a one-half interest. He was married 
 in the fall of 1860 to Eachel Whitmore, a native of the county and a daughter 
 of Peter and Rebecca (Frederick) Whitmore. To this union three daughters 
 were bom: Rebecca, Charlotte and Anna E. The maternal grandparents of 
 our subject were Jesse and Charlotte Spangler, the former an early settler of 
 York and the latter a native of Little York, Penn. His father was a Republi- 
 can and a member of the Mennonite Church. . Mr. Baer takes little interest in 
 politics. He is a member of the German Baptist Church. 
 
 DR. H. X. BONEBRAKE, Mont Alto, was born in Washington Township, 
 Franklin Co., Penn., March 31, 1843, the sixth son in the family of eight chil- 
 dren of Daniel and Margaret (Stoner) Bonebrake, four of whom are physicians. 
 Conrad Bonebrake, the grandfather of our subject, a farmer by occupation, of 
 German stock, became one of the early settlers of this county. Daniel Bone- 
 brake died in 1849, his widow in 1854. Their children now living and resid- 
 ing in this county are David S. , Louis X. , Mrs. Elizabeth Snively, Dr. H. X. 
 and Dr. Andrew S. Emma married Dr. J. A. Royer and removed to Ohio. 
 Dr. Daniel W. resides in Blair County, Penn. Dr. Melchor is in Taylorville, 
 HI. Our subject was reared on the farm, received a good English education 
 at Mercersburg and subsequently engaged in the study of medicine with Dr. 
 Oellig of Waynesboro, this county, with whom he remained two years; after- 
 ward vrith Dr. James Brotherton until the latter' s decease. Then he graduated 
 in February, 1865, at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, subsequently locat- 
 ing at Leitersburg, Washington Co., Md., where he engaged in the practice 
 of his profession for some time. Afterward he practiced at Alto Dale, this 
 county, until 1869, when he removed to Mont Alto, and has here since been 
 
888 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 superintendent of the forge at the iron works. The doctor married, in 1862, 
 Miss Atrnes, daughter of Dr. George S. and Josephine (Wolf) Fouke. Dr. 
 and Mrl. Bonebrake are parents of eight children, five living: Fordyce, George, 
 Irene, Anna A. and Gussie. The family are members of the German Eeformed 
 Church. In politics the Doctor is a Republican. 
 
 MELCHOR ELDEN, merchant, P. O. Mont Alto, was born in Washing- 
 ton Township, this county, January 12, 1840, the second son of Joseph Elden, 
 whose antecedents came from the south of Ireland and located at an early day 
 in Adams County, Penn. Joseph was born in 1802, and about 1836 married 
 Mary Ann, daughter of Jacob and Margaret StoufPer, to whom were born nine 
 children, of whom Mary Ann was the eldest. Joseph was a miller, which bus- 
 iness he'followed many years, but later embarked in merchandising, which he 
 followed until his death, in the fall of 1878. His widow is now seventy years 
 old. They reared a family of five children, all of whom attained to manhood 
 and womanhood. Their names are as follows: Margaret (deceased), Ezekiel, 
 Melchor, Elizabeth and James. Melohor was reared at home and assisted his 
 father in the mill, and remained with him until his nineteenth year. He then 
 engaged in teaching in Quincy Township, and after four terms as teacher he 
 in 1863, embarked in merchandising at Alto Dale in partnership with David 
 Knepper, under the firm name of Knepper & Elden, which association has 
 since continued. December 26, 1863, he married Elizabeth Knepper, daugh- 
 ter of George Knepper, merchant, and six children have blessed this union: 
 George, Anna May, Corwin, Jennie, Adelaide and Clara B. Since his eight- 
 eenth year, Mr. Elden has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 of which he is one of the officers. 
 
 H. M. FRITZ, M. D., P. O. Quincy, was born November 30, 1852, in 
 Berks County, Penn. He received the advantages of the common schools, and 
 subsequently took a business course at Pottstown, Penn. He then entered the 
 normal school at Kutztown, Penn., intending to remain until he graduated, 
 but about this time he was importuned by an old friend. Dr. T. J. B. Rhoads, 
 of Boyertown, to study medicine with him. He acceded to this proposition, 
 and entered the office of his preceptor, with whom he remained until March 12, 
 1879, when he received his diploma from Jefferson Medical College, Philadel- 
 phia. The following May he came to this township, began the practice of his 
 profession, has since met with success, and has never had cause to regret hav- 
 ing adopted the medical profession. January 8, 1881, he married Miss Clara 
 O., daughter of Isaac and Sarah (Crause) Stauffer. They have one daughter 
 — Virgie Blanche. The Doctor is a member of the Lutheran Church; of Lodge 
 No. 213, P. O. S. of A.; of Waynesboro Academy of Medicine, Franklin 
 County Medical Society and the State medical society. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
 UPTON FUNK, farmer and manufacturer, P. O. Quincy, was born in this 
 township October 15, 1843, the eldest son of Jacob Funk. Jacob's father, 
 John, built the first house in Alto Dale, or Funkstown; he was the father of 
 five children — three sons and two daughters. Those now living are Samuel, 
 Jacob, John and Harriet (wife of Frederick Thompson). Upton Funk remained 
 with his parents until he became of age, and was reared to the milling business 
 which he followed for two years after leaving home; later taught four terms of 
 school and for eleven years worked in the blast department of the Mont Alto 
 Iron Works. In the spring of 1879 he located on the place where he now re- 
 sides, and has since been engaged in farming. Since May 1 he has been run- 
 ning a knitting- mill, of which he is making a success. October 2, 1865, he 
 married Amanda E. Dull, a native of this county, and a daughter of Isaac and 
 
QUINCY TOWNSHIP. 889 
 
 Eliza (Donnelly) Dull. To Mr. and Mrs. Funk nine children were born: 
 Harvey E., Carrie E., Annie D., Edgar A., Arthur (deceased), Charles S., 
 Maud A., Estella M. and Clarence E. Mr. Funk is an ofiBcial member of the 
 school board, and ranks among the progressive and intelligent men of the day. 
 Politically he is a Democrat. The family is connected with the German Be- 
 formed Church. 
 
 A. B. GINGRICH, M. D., was born in Dauphin County, Penn., May 
 18, 184S, and was the youngest son of Peter and Anna (Balsbaugh) Gin- 
 grich. The Gingrich family were first represented in America by three broth- 
 ers, who came from Switzerland several years prior to the Revolution, two of 
 whom settled in Pennsylvania, the third in Tennessee, and his descendants 
 were all noted for their loyalty to ihe Union cause and their fidelity to the 
 "stars and stripes." Peter Gingrich, the Doctor's father, was born March 4, 
 1796, and died in 1863; he was a son of Christian Gingrich. The subject of 
 this sketch received the adyantages of the common schools, and for several 
 years, from the spring of 1863 to early in 1870, was employed as a clerk in 
 stores. In the last mentioned year he began reading medicine under Dr. J. 
 H. Steahley, and finally graduated at the Ilniversity of Pennsylvania, Phila- 
 delphia, March 10, 1876. Prom that time he was engaged in the practice of 
 his profession at Alto Dale, this township, where his merits were appreciated 
 by the people, who regarded him as a competent and reliable physician. De- 
 cember 8, 1868, he married Mary A. Cassel, daughter of David Cassel, of 
 Dauphin County, Penn. , and seven children were born to this union, of whom 
 three are now living: John S., David C. and Mamie B. The Doctor was 
 a member of the German Reformed Church; a Republican in politics. 
 
 HENRY GOOD, retired farmer, P. 0. Quincy, was born February 6, 
 1815, in Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn. His ancestors emi- 
 grated from Switzerland to this country and settled in Washington County, 
 Md. , many years before the Revolution. In religion they jwere members of 
 the Mennonite faith. The pioneer of the family in Quincy Township, this 
 county, was Christian Good, who was born in Washington County, Md., in 
 1783, locating in Washington Tovmship about 1812. He was a son of Christian 
 Good, Sr. who' and grand Sr. , were citizens of Washington County, Md. Chris- 
 tian Good, the father of our pubject, located at Midvale, where he died in De- 
 cember, 1862; his wife was Elizabeth Stover, a descendant of one of the earliest 
 settlers in this county, and a daughter of Michael Stover, whose wife was a Hess. 
 Mrs. Good died in 1851, aged sixty-eight years. She and her husband were the 
 parents of the following named children: David M., Henry, Jacob S., Rev. 
 Daniel F., Christeann (wife of Jacob Funk), and Sarah (wife of Samuel Welty), 
 all of whom settled in this county, except Mrs. Funk, who located in Mary- 
 land. Henry was reared on the farm, and at the age of twenty -three left 
 home and engaged in the leather and tanning business, which he followed for 
 eight years. In 1847 he began farming near Waynesboro, in which occupa- 
 tion he remained ten years ; then located on his present place, where he has 
 since resided. He was married in 1839 to Mary Welty, who died in 1880, a 
 daughter of Jacob Welty, and to them were born thirteen children, four of 
 whom are now living: Christian W., Henry A., Aaron B. and Susan E. Bene- 
 dick, all of whom reside in this immediate neighborhood. Mr. Good married for 
 his second wife Catharine Price. He has been connected for years with the ' 'old 
 order" of the German Baptist Church. He was elected and sierved as county 
 commissioner three years, from 1863 to 1866. He is a Republican in principle. 
 For the last eight years he has lived retired. 
 
 JAMES HARVEY GORDON, farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in 
 
890 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Waynesboro, Penn., January 8, 1823, the fifth son of Samuel Gordon, who 
 came from Londonderry, Ireland, when five years old with Hans Gordon, 
 whose name appears in the general history of Waynesboro. Samuel was bom 
 in Ireland in 1786; his wife, nee Matilda Summerville, bore him nine children, 
 all of whom lived to be grown. He was a chairmaker and wheelwright, and 
 followed the business until his death at his home in Waynesboro, in February, 
 1862; his wife died in October, 1836. They were respectively members of the 
 German Reformed Church and Covenanters. Our subject in early life learned 
 the carpenter's trade, which he completed at the age of twenty years. After 
 one year's journey work, he began business for himself, which he carried on for 
 twenty- two years; then for two years engaged in butchering. He then began 
 farming in Washington Township, where he remained one year. In the 
 fall of 1866 he located where he now resides, in Quincy Township, and has 
 since been engaged in farming and stock raising. In December, 1846, he 
 married Juliana Bonebrake, who was born in Washington Township, this 
 county, in December, 1818, a daughter of John Bonebrake, one of the early 
 settlers of this county. Four sons and two daughters were born to this union: 
 Henry A., John B., James Harvey, George F., Marion E. and Eliza J., all of 
 whom reside in this county, except Dr. John B. , who resides in Tiffin, Ohio, 
 engaged in the practice of his profession. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon are members 
 of the German Reformed Church. In politics he is a Republican, formerly an 
 old line Whig. 
 
 DAVID KNEPPER, merchant, Alto Dale, P. O. Mont Alto, was born in 
 Funkstown, Quincy Township, this county, March 16, 1844, a son of George 
 and Mary (McFerren) Knepper, both natives of the county. His grandfather 
 was named David. Our subject was reared on the home farm, and remained 
 with his parents untU he began for himself in 1871. In that year he engaged 
 in business with Mr. M. Elden, in Funkstown, and has been merchandising 
 ever since. He was married, March 16, 1881, to Nettie Kuhn, daughter of 
 John and Nancy Kuhn. Mr. Knepper is a Republican. His father, who for 
 many years was engaged in merchandising and farming, died in 1873 
 
 DAVID MILEY LOWRY, miller, P. O. Five Forks, was bo^^ in Quincy 
 Township, this county, October 16, 1837, and is the fourth of the ten children 
 of George Lowry, who was born in 1802, in Berks County, Penn., a son of John 
 Lowry of German-Irish ancestry. The mother of our subject, nee Catherine 
 Morter. was born August 3, 1811, and died June 14, 1884. She was a daugh- 
 ter of David and Christina (Morter) Morter, both supposed to have been of 
 German descent George Lowry came to this county from Berks County, Penn., 
 about 1803 or 1804 with his father, ■ and located in this township, where he 
 ^ed May 11 1875 To John and Elizabeth Lowry were born nine children: 
 Polly, Elizabeth, George, Hannah, Caroline, John, Curtis, Lucy A. and Jacob. 
 AH are now deceased The father of our subject carried on merchandising at 
 Mont Alto, and then located on the farm, where he died, and which was taken 
 up by George Adam Cook in 1753; it was bought from Cook in 1818. David 
 M. remained at borne until after attaining his majority, and engaged in farm- 
 
 mil^'ani i ^il^^^^ ^' ""f- '^^'^' °* *^^ ''^^ Smalls mil!, later of this 
 1- ' ^^1 ssn 4 1 given his entire attention to milling. He bought the 
 mill in 1880. He also owns the homestead farm of 152 acres. In 1860 he 
 
 f'^n7;.Vi?''^;,^^"f *''u* ^""'^"^ "'^'^ ^l^^^^^tl^ S'^^U. ^^^ by this maxTiage 
 four children have been born: Emma, Jesse, Elizabeth and David A. Emma 
 
 ^^ Lowry is a Democrat; he served last term, 1882 to 1885, as jury commis- 
 
QUINCY TOWNSHIP. 891 
 
 J. C. MA.RTIN, the only merchant in Tomstown, P. O. Quincy, was born 
 near Fountaindale, Adams Co., Penn., December 4, 1840, and is the eldest 
 in a family of six children born to Samuel and Susan (Boone) Martin. Samuel 
 Martin, a miller by occupation, was born in 1808 in Adams County, Penn. , a son 
 of John Martin, whose antecedents, it is thought, came several years prior to the 
 Revolution, from Switzerland to Lancaster County, Penn. , where they engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits. Samuel died October 10, 1884. His wife was a 
 daughter of Daniel Boone, who was a son of William Boone. William and 
 his brother, George, first took up land at Boonesboro, Washington Co. , Md. , 
 and from them the place derived its name; they belonged to the same branch of 
 the Boone family as the historic Daniel Boone of Kentucky. John C. remained 
 at home with his parents until he grew to manhood, spending his time in the 
 mUl and in the store which his father carried on. In the second year of the 
 war he became a member of the State guard, and October 10, 1862, was taken 
 prisoner by Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry; was taken south, spent five and a 
 half months in Libby Prison, and was exchanged the following March. In 
 September, 1864, he enlisted in Company I, Two Hundred and Tenth Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteer Infantry, served until the close of the war, during which time 
 he participated in several battles and skirmishes, and was discharged in June, 
 1865. He also had two brothers in the service, William H. and David New- 
 ton; the latter died in the hospital of Nashville, Tenn., and was a member of 
 Company A, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. William H. 
 was a member of Company I, Two Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania Vohinteer 
 Infantiy, and was wounded at White Oak Eoad, Va. March 31, 1865, Mr. 
 Martin entered mercantile business at Tomstown, this township, and has since 
 continued; he carries a general stock, such as is most needed by his patrons. 
 In September, 1864, he married Cornelia A. , a daughter of Samuel and Mary 
 (Gordon) Buhrman. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have one daughter, who is now the 
 wife of Logan Dyson of York, Penn. Mr. Martin is a stanch Republican. 
 
 GEORGE W. McCLEARY, farmer, P. O. Mont Alto. The McCleary 
 family trace their ancestry to Scotland, from which country they came to 
 Pennsylvania prior to the Revolution, and about 1776 two brothers located in 
 what is now known as Quincy Township, where several of their descendants yet 
 remain. John McCleary, so far as is known, was the pioneer of the name that, 
 came to this country. His direct descendants were Alexander, William, Rob- 
 ert and John; the daughters, so far as remembered, being Mary, Nancy and 
 Katie. John, mentioned above, the father of Geo. W., married Nancy, the 
 daughter of James McCoy, and was engaged in agricultural pursuits, which 
 business he carried on the greater part of his life. He was a good citizen, 
 highly esteemed in the community in which he lived, and was never known to 
 sue or be sued, or have a case in court. He died in 1873 at the advanced age 
 of eighty-three years, a consistent Christian. In politics he was Democratic. 
 Our subject was born in this township January 20, 1840, and his father being 
 engaged in farming pursuits, was brought up in the same line of business, 
 which he has since followed continuously, except for about three years, during 
 which he engaged in mercantile business at Alto Dale with C. H. Smith. 
 Politically he has always been a stanch Democrat, and in addition to filling 
 township offices of trust, was urged as a candidate by his party to head the 
 ticket as sheriff at the fall election of 1886. In 1861 he married Caroline, 
 only child of Jacob Knepper, one of the old residents of the county. He is a 
 member of the Reformed Church, also of the K. of P. 
 
 J. T. METCALFE, machinist, P. O. Quincy, was born in this township 
 June 20, 1854, the eldest son of J. L. Metcalfe, a millwright and machinist, 
 
892 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 with whom our subject worked for several years when not engaged in the shops 
 at Waynesboro. He commenced business for himself in the spring of 1880, 
 first doing repair work. His business, however, continued to grow, and he now 
 employs several men in his foundry and machine shop, doing an excellent trade 
 with prospects of a prosperous future. In 1876 he married Miss Nancy Pahr- 
 ney, daughter of John and Lucy (Ann) Fahmey. They have two children: 
 Laura B. and Ira G. Mr. Metcalfe is the inventor and manufacturer of the 
 Metcalfe engine, which is meeting with flattering success, being admirably 
 adapted for various purposes where steam power is required, such as driving 
 printing presses for small factories, or for domestic use. The boilers are of 
 the vertical, tubular type, made of the best material, no cast iron being used 
 in their construction. The boiler has large steaming capacity, the engine be- 
 ing attached to the base plate of the boiler in a vertical manner, and can read- 
 ily be detached whenever necessary for stationary purposes. The engine is 
 finely balanced in all its parts, and, in short, it is complete in every way, and 
 needs only to be examined to be fully appreciated. Mr. Metcalfe manufact- 
 ures seven sizes of engines at his shops and foundry in Quincy. They are from 
 one and one-half to- forty horse-power; are semi-portable, but he contemplates 
 the manufacture of portable ones. 
 
 JACOB MIDDOUB, farmer, P. O. Waynesboro. Among the represen- 
 tative families of this township is that of Middour, who came to this county 
 in the year 1822. Jacob Middour, the father of our subject, came here from 
 Washington County, Md., settled in this township, engaged in farming, and 
 died here on the farm in May, 1862, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. 
 Mrs. Barbara (Hess) Middour, the mother of our subject, was the daughter of 
 John Hess, who died in 1818. To Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Middour were born six 
 sons and two daughters, all now living: John, Jacob (our subject), George, 
 Joseph, Samuel, David, Lizzie and Catherine. Lizzie is the wife of Hiram. 
 Wertz, and resides in Qiiincy Township, this county; Catherine is the widow 
 of Dr. Newcomer, and resided in Mount Morris, Ogle Co. , 111. In February, 
 1855, our subject married Mary Shank, daughter of David and Susan (Car- 
 baugh) Shank. ' After his marriage Mr. Middour removed to Antrim Township, 
 this county, where he remained ten years, and in the spring of 1864 returned 
 io the homestead, which he bought. It consists of 165 acres well improved, 
 and here he has since resided. Politically he has always been a stanch Ee- 
 publican; has filled several mim^r offices in the township, and in the fall of 1883 
 was elected commissioner of the county, which position he is filing to the sat- 
 isfaction of his friends and constituents. Mr. and Mrs. Middour have seven 
 children living: Joseph C, Alice, wife of Simon Hullinger in Washington 
 Township, this county, Clara Annie, Mary E., David S., Harry J. and Nellie 
 K. The family attend the services of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 ISAAC T. EILEY, farmer, P. O. Quipcy, was born August 8, 1840, and 
 IS the sixth child and second son born to Barnabas and Mary (Sheets) Eiley. 
 In 1863 he left home and enlisted in the service of his country in Company C 
 One Hundi-ed and Sixty-fifth Eegiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry! 
 with which he remained nine months; returning home, he re-enlisted, this 
 time m Company G, Two Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 
 and after nearly a year's service returned home without injury In 1864 he 
 married Malinda Sprenkle of Adams County, Penn., a daughter of WUliam 
 Sprenkle, and to this union were born the following named chUdren, who are 
 now living: Irene A., Oscar S., Willis S., Charles T., Cora M., Horace and 
 J^^arl. Mr. Eiley is an enterprising farmer, and has worked his way over ob- 
 stacles almost insurmountable; at one time he lost all his property by fire but 
 
QUINCY TOWNSHIP. 898 
 
 with redoubled energy, and in the tirm belief that " God helps those who help 
 themselves," he pushed ahead, retrieved his losses, and has since made life a 
 success. He is a member of the Eeformed Mennonite Church. 
 
 ANDREW S. SHANK, hotel-keeper, P. O. Mont Alto, was born in Wash- 
 ington County, Md. , in 1825, and is the third child and second son of John 
 A. and Catherine (Royer) Shank, the former born in Smithsburg, Md., a son 
 of Andrew Shank, whose antecedents came from Germany and settled in 
 Maryland in an early day. To Andrew Shank were born three sons — John A. , 
 Daniel and Andrew S. ; the daughters were Sarah, Betsy, Polly and Mrs. 
 Hoover. Our subject removed to this county with his parents when he was 
 about one year old, located near Greencastle and remained here about five years, 
 when he removed near Five Forks, Quincy Township, and here the father 
 of our subject died in 1864; his widow survived him several years. To them 
 were born twelve children, eleven of whom attained their majority; nine of 
 them aro living, viz. : Andrew, Hezekiah, John, Benjamin, Samuel, Isaac, 
 Elizabeth, Catherine and Sarah, all residents of the county, save Isaac, who 
 removed to Dakota, and John and Benjamin, who both reside in Ohio. A. S. 
 Shank remained at home until his marriage, which occurred January 18, 1847, 
 with Catherine Tecumseth, who was born in Frederick County, Md. , daughter 
 of William and Hannah (Covel) Tecumseth. After his marriage Mr. Shank 
 located in Guilford Township, near Chambersburg, this county, where he en- 
 gaged in farming and remained ten years ; then located at Alto Dale (Funks- 
 town) in 1859, where he has since remained engaged in the hotel business 
 principally; he also trades in horses. Mrs. Shank died October 13, 1884, the 
 mother of nine children, four living: Margaret, wife of Frank Snyder, of 
 Chambersburg; Andrew J., also of Chambersburg; Anna, residing in Lancaster, 
 wife of Charles Lobar, and John, at home. Politically Mr. Shank has been a 
 Republican for the last twenty years. He has been successful in his business 
 career, and has obtained a competence for his declining years. 
 
 JACOB R. SMALL, farmer, P. O. Mont Alto, is the great-grandson of 
 Adam Small, whose wife was lilagdalina Cook, daughter of John Adam and 
 Mary (Harmony) Cook. The families of Cook and Small were among the pio- 
 neers, who came to this county at an early period of this country' s history, and 
 after locating here became quite extensive land holders and reared families, 
 whose descendants are now residents of this county and township. The sons 
 of Adam Small were Henry, Peter, John, Daniel, Jacob and George, all of 
 whom settled in this county and reared families. Henry Small, the grandsire 
 of Jacob R., had seven sons: Adam, John, Henry. Georga C. , Lazarus B., 
 Benjamin C. and Ephraim J. John Small, subject's father, was born in Feb- 
 ruary, 1808; his wife, nee Rebecca Knepper, July 16, 1827. She was a daugh- 
 ter of Jonathan Knepper, whose wife was Mattie McFerren. To John Small 
 and his wife were born Benjamin, H. M., Jacob R., John S. and Agnes, 
 wife of Millard Thompson. Jacob R. was born January i), 1850, in the 
 village of Alto Dale, but now resides on Locust Grove farm, part of a tract of 
 land called the "Laneton estate" (owned at one time by Samuel Lane). In 
 1877 he married Mary E., a daughter of James and Mary E. (Ritter) Everly, 
 and they have three children: Charles, Emery and Nellie. Mr. Small is a suc- 
 cessful farmer; is serving as school director. Politically he is a Democrat. 
 The family attend the services of the United Brethren Church. 
 
 GEORGE SMITH, farmer, P. O. Mont Alto, was born in Huntington 
 Township, Adams Co., Penn., February 16, 1818, the youngest of the family 
 of Jacob (a farmer) and Margaret (Fleeger) Smith, former of whom, a son of 
 Balcher Smith, died about 1856, et the advanced age of eighty years. Of the 
 
8!)4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Floegor family but little is known, save that Mrs. Margaret (Fleeger) Smith 
 was born near York. At the age of fifteen our subject left home and began for 
 himself, first working for $5 per month; the next year he received $1 per 
 month, and the third 1100 per year, for which he worked three years. He 
 then learned the tanner's trade, which he followed for about eight years. He 
 then bought a farm along with his brother, and for three years conducted the 
 business. October 2, 1847, he married Martha Duncan, who was born in Cash- 
 town, Adams Co. , Penn. , a daughter of Adam Duncan. After mai-riage he 
 resided two years in Adams County; then sold his interest to his brother and 
 rented two years. In 1852 he located on the farm he now owns near Mont 
 Alto, whore he has since resided, and is numbered among the successful men 
 of the valley, having acquired three farms and the Falling Spring mill prop- 
 erty, four miles from Chambersburg. He erected the mill in 1856. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Smith have three children living: Mary Ann L., wife of John R. Avery; 
 Clara D. , and Lunetta M. , wife of J ames Zug. Mr. Smith is a Republican. 
 He and his wife are members of the Reformed Church. 
 
 C. H. SMITH, merchant, P. O. Mont Alto, one of the rising young men 
 of Franklin County, was born January 31, 1857, in Washington Township, 
 this county, to Frederick and Catherine (Morganthall) Smith, the latter a 
 daughter of John Morganthall. Our subject was brought up among strangers 
 and laboured industriously until attaining his majority. August 1, 1880, he 
 commenced business for himself at Alto Dale, conducting a small store mostly in 
 the confectionery line. In April of the following year he changed his place of 
 business to the building he now occupies, and took in George W. McCleary as 
 partner. They caiTied a general stock of goods and did business under the 
 firm name of McCleary & Smith until the spring of 1884, when Mr. McCleary 
 withdrew fi-om the firm, and Mr. Smith has since conducted the business. 
 Having seen the evils attending the old credit system, both to buyer and seller, 
 he has, since January, 1886, adopted the cash system, and proposes to give 
 his patrons the benefits of the same in prices. In politics Mr. Smith is a Dem- 
 ocrat. He is a member of the United Brethren Church. 
 
 HIEAM EMERICK WERTZ, farmer, P. O. Quincy, was born on the 
 homestead, September 25, 1829, the youngest child of David and Elizabeth 
 (Emerick) Wertz. David was born in this township, on the farm now owned 
 by Hiram E., about 1780. He was a son of George Wertz, who was brought 
 by his father; Jacob, from Switzerland, landing in Philadelphia on the 26th 
 of September, 1732, and settling in what is now York County. Jacob's sons 
 were John, George and Conrad. George was the grandsire of our subject 
 and the father of Geoige, David, Jacob, Elizabeth (wife of Michael Emminger), 
 Barbara (wife of Henry Kyler), Catherine (wife of Frederick Fisher), Eve (wife 
 of John Bashman), Mary (wife of Henry Cordel), all of whom lived and died 
 m -t rankim County except Mrs. Emminger, who died in Butler County, Penn. 
 in 184(J George moved to Ogle County, 111., where he lived and died. He 
 reared eleven children: George, Lanah (wife of John Snyder), Peter, Louis, 
 ilenry David, William, Charles, Susan, Augustus and James, all of whom re- 
 mamod here except George, who wont to California in 1849 and there died, 
 retor died m Iowa; Henry resides in Missouri; James in Minnesota; Jacob 
 lived and died in this county, leaving three descendants: John, Augustus and 
 Susan, wife of George KnefP. Jacob Wertz, the great-grandfather of our sub- 
 ject, .^ttled on the farm now occupied by the latter about 1747, coming here 
 o?",^,Lf H r -'' ''y *« mo^iitain road by way of Monterey Springs The 
 grandfather of our subject. George, was twelve years old at the time of settling 
 tiere. David, father of Hiram E., remained on the homestead where he was 
 
QUINOY TOWNSHIP. 895 
 
 born, until his death, which oecurred September 17, 1866. June 6, 1820, he 
 maiTied Elizabeth, daughter of Ludwick and Susan Emerick. The Emer- 
 icks were of German stock and came from Lebanon County, Penn., to this 
 county about 1816, locating on a farm near Middleburg, Antrim Township. 
 Ludwick Emerick died and was buried in the cemetery at Greencastle; his 
 widow lived with her daughter Elizabeth on the Wertz farm, where she died 
 in the spring of 1848. Three sons and two daughters were born to our subject' s 
 parents : Matilda, married to Dr. Henry Eosenburg, formerly of New York, now 
 of Knoxville, 111. ; David, unmarried, for several years has been employed in 
 the mint at Philadelphia; Catherine, wife of Jerome Wertz, now of Springfield, 
 Ohio, and Hiram E. February 4, 1862, our subject married Elizabeth Mid- 
 dour, who was bom on the Middour homestead October 25, 1840, a daughter 
 of Jacob and Barbara (Hess) Middour. Mr. Wertz has been engaged in farm- 
 ing pursuits all his life; was elected justice of the peace in 1880, and has since 
 held that position. Since 1879 he has been freight and express agent of the 
 Mont Alto BaUroad Company at this place. He has always been a Eepublican, 
 his family were, from time to time, the friend of the bondman, and rejoiced at 
 the epoch when his shackles were removed. Mr. Wertz is a member of the 
 Lutheran Church, of which his ancestors on both sides have also been members. 
 To him and his wife were born six children, of whom four are living: David 
 Maurice, Minnie Eate, ' Hermie Elizabeth and Edith Barbara. 
 
 COL. GEO. B. WIESTLING, iron manufacturer, and engineer and super- 
 intendent of the Mont Alto Eailroad, P. O. Mont Alto, was born January 28, 
 1836, in Harrisburg, Dauphin Co. , Penn. His grandfather, Samuel C. Wiest- 
 ling, came from Upper Saxony, Germany, this country, prior to the 
 Eevolution. He was a noted physician and linguist, being master of seven 
 languages, and had been a surgeon in the German navy. WhUe making a 
 tour of the American colonies, he visited "The Trappe" in Montgomery 
 County, Perm., where he met and married Anna Marie Bucher, a lady of 
 Swiss descent. He subsequently located in Harrisburg, Penn. , where he built np 
 a large medical practice, and accumulated considerable wealth. One of his 
 sons, George Philip Wiestling, the father of our subject, married Margaret C. 
 Berryhill, of Scotoh-L-ish descent, by whom he had seven children. Our sub- 
 ject had excellent school advantages, which he improved, and became by pro- 
 fession a civil engineer. At the age of seventeen,' he entered the engineer 
 corps of the Sunbury & Erie Railroad, now known as the Philadelphia & Erie 
 Division of the Pennsylvania Eailroad. He assisted in the preliminary sur- 
 veys, location and construction of that road. As assistant engineer, he was 
 afterward engaged on the Pennsylvania Railroad in inspecting railroad iron, 
 and on the Lancaster, Lebanon & Pinegrove Eailroad on preliminary surveys 
 and location. Subsequently he became engineer of a construction company, 
 which undertook heavy railroad work in Pennsylvania .and New Jersey, and on 
 the dissolution of that company, he became a member of the contracting firm 
 of McAllister & Wiestling, and built the large tunnel at Oxford Furnace, 
 New Jersey, on the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Eailr6ad, besides miles 
 of heavy open cut work. In March, 1862, at the solicitation of Gens. 
 Franklin and Philip Kearney, he invented and built for the Government an at- 
 tachment designed to enable the movement of heavy artillery through the 
 deep muds of Virginia. He was with Kearney's brigade during the advance 
 from Burk's Station to Bull Eun and Centreville. As staff officer, he had 
 charge of the shipment of organized troops from Harrisburg, Penn. , and, in 
 recognition of his service, be received, unsolicited from Gov. Curtin, three 
 separate commissions as colonel, at as many different times — the first, as 
 
896 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 colonel commanding the Twenty- third Eegiment of emergency men. When 
 its term expired, he received the second, as colonel in the organization of the 
 drafted men of the border counties, with headquarters at Chambersburg, Penn. j 
 the third, as colonel commanding the One hundred and Seventy-seventh Regi- 
 ment, Pennsylvania Infantry, which was assigned to duty in the department 
 of Virginia, under command of Maj.-Gen. Dix. Col. Wiestling and his regi- 
 ment participated in all the engagements between Norfolk . and Blaokwater 
 Eiver. For several months. Col. Wiestling was commandant at Deep Creek, 
 Va. , having both infantry and cavalry under him. The territory under his 
 charge extended from Great Bridge, on the Albemarle Canal, to Suffolk, Va., 
 and from the city lines of Norfolk, Va., to South Mills, N. C, including both 
 the Albemarle Canal and Dismal Swamp Canal. This region was infested 
 with guerrillas, and embraced the most patronized thoroughfares over which 
 contraband mail and merchandise was carried between the North and South. 
 One of the scouting parties sent out by Col. Wiestling, in command of his 
 brother, Adjt. John G. Wiestling, captured the rebel mail, which contained 
 advice of the intended movement of Longstreet's corps upon Norfolk, and 
 which resulted in the concentration of 30,000 Union troops in Suffolk, where 
 Longstreet's advance was checked. During the battle of Gettysburg, Col. 
 Wiestling was ordered north from Deep Creek, Va. , with his command, via For- 
 tress Monroe, to join the Army of the Potomac, which they reached in time to 
 participate in the pursuit after Lee's army, having been assigned to Geary's 
 brigade, of which Col. Wiestling was the senior colonel. Subsequently he 
 was assigned to the command of Maryland Heights, opposite Harper's Ferry, 
 and remained there until the term of service of his regiment expired, when he 
 was mustered out with his men. Ill health prevented his re-entering the army, 
 and on February 27, 1864, he became interested in the Mont Alto Iron Works, 
 Franklin County, Penn. , and took charge of its active management. He im- 
 proved and enlarged the works, increasing their output over fourfold, and still 
 continues at their head. In 1872 he built the Mont Alto Eailroad. In 1877 
 he added to his labors, by taking charge of the Epchester & State Line Eail- 
 road in New York. In 1879 he extended the Mont Alto Railroad to Waynes- 
 boro, and is still its engineer and superintendent. He originated the idea of 
 having a large park at Mont Alto, and was the prime mover and main spirit in 
 laying out the grounds of Mont Alto Park in 1875. He was the first president 
 of the United States Association of Charcoal Iron Workers. He is a trustee- 
 of Wilson Female College; a member of the American Institute of Mining 
 Engineers; a member of the council of the Pennsylvania Forestry Association; 
 a member of the American Micrological Society; a member of the Eeformed 
 Church and a zealous Sunday-school worker. In politics he is a stanch Ee- 
 publican. He was a member of the Electoral College in 1880, and cast his 
 vote for Garfield. He received next to the highest popular vote in the State, 
 given any elector. He has invented and taken out a number of patents in 
 the line of his business, and has made decided improvements in the manufac- 
 ture of the best qualities of iron. He "banks up" his blast furnace over 
 Sunday and allows no unnecessary labor to be performed on that day, always 
 keeping the Sabbath inviolate. 
 
 SAMUEL S. WINGERT, farmer and grain dealer, P. O. Five Forks, was. 
 born near Fayetteville, this county, May 28, 1836, the second son of Abram B. 
 Wingert. He has one brother and three sisters, viz. : George S. ; Anna, wife 
 of Abram Dull, of Guilford; Susan, wife of Isaac Shank; Maria, wife of Israel 
 bollenberger— all residents of this county. Our subject left home and began 
 farmmg where he now resides, an occupation he has since followed. In 1882, 
 
8T. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 89? 
 
 he erected a warehouse at Five Forks, buys grain, and is also express and 
 ticket agent. He married in 1859 Kebecca SoUenberger, a native of this 
 county, and a daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Hart. They have had eleven 
 children, eight of whom are now living, viz. : Abram'L., Maria F., Susan A., 
 Mary C. , Emsey M. , Bertha J. , Israel I. and Harvey G. Annie E. died at 
 the age of twenty-one; Martha E. at the age of nine years and nine months; 
 Lillie May died at the age of two and one-half years. The father was an old 
 line Whig, but the family are Republicans; are members of the River Brethren 
 denomination. 
 
 ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 WILLIAM V. ARCHIBALD, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in St. 
 Thomas Township, Franklin Co., Penn., and is the son of William and 
 Eliza (Van Lear) Archibald, natives of Franklin County, and of Scotch-Irish 
 descent. They had seven children: Mary A., James, Margaret C, Elizabeth, 
 William V., Thomas T. (deceased) and Martha J. (deceased). The five living 
 children are all single and reside on one of the finest farms in Franklin County, 
 having one of the best farm houses in the county. Their grandfather, Will- 
 iam Gillielmus Archibald, came from County Deny, Ireland, in 1774. The 
 following is a receipt for his passage: "18th June, 1774. Received of Will 
 Archibald fifty shillings in full for his passage on board the ' Alexander ' and 
 two gallons rum. James Crawford, Capt." He landed here Septembers, 
 1774, and an arithemetic he brought with him gives the date of his leaving 
 and of his arrival. He was married to Margaret Thompson, of Cumberland 
 County, on February 13, 1778. The Thompsons at that time owned the tract 
 of land on which the Archibald brothers now reside, and owned a square mile 
 (640 acres). The grandfather was the next to take possession of this farm 
 after his marriage, but it is not likely that he owned the whole tract. He took 
 up sixty acres himself, which was patented. He was a man of good qualities, 
 and an exceptionally fine farmer; was constable of Hamilton Township for a 
 number of years; died in May, 1831, and is buried on the farm. There was 
 a cemetery on the farm in 1782, and a number of the Thompson family and 
 others were buried there before that time. William G. and Margaret (Thomp- 
 son) Archibald had ten children: Martha, born May 15, 1778; David, born 
 October 29, 1780; Thomas, born December 8, 1782; Isabella, born Novem- 
 ber 7, 1783; Mary, born September 9, 1786; William, born February 20, 1788; 
 Margaret, born April 24, 1791; Daniel, born June 12, 1794; James, born Sep- 
 tember 26, 1797, and Ruhannah, born December 20, 1799. Some of these 
 lived to raise families ; some died young. William Archibald was born on this 
 farm, February 20, 1788, and when yet young went to Washington County, 
 Ohio, where he remained seven years. At the end of that time his father 
 wrote him a letter to come home and take possession of the farm. He com- 
 plied with the request and remained on the farm until his death, which occurred 
 December 9, 1863. He was one of the promtnent men of Franklin County in 
 his day and a man of intelligence and enterprise. The Archibald family is 
 one of the most noted in the county, and among the first settlers. James, 
 William V. and their three sisters own the farm, which now consists of a little 
 over 200 acres. In the last few years they have made a good many im- 
 provements, and have built a fine new brick house and barn, at a cost of about 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 $5 000. These gentlemen are thorough, active business men, full of energy 
 and integrity, and too much cannot be said in approval of their enterprise. 
 The three sisters are members of thechurch. They have the logs of the first 
 house erected on the farm in 1767, made into a pig-pen. They have also let- 
 ters written from Ireland which were sent before postage stamps were intro- 
 duced; the postage on a letter was Is sterling (about 25 cents). One letter 
 was only folded up and sealed with wax, addressed to William Archibald, in 
 care of Patrick Campbell, Chambersburg, dated 1775. They have a great many 
 curiosities in their possession which are over 100 years old, and which belong 
 to their grandfather. The mother of the late Vice-President Hendricks was a 
 relative of their grandfather. 
 
 JOHN N. BAKER, farmer, P. O. TEdenville, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., February 15, 1858, and is a son of George 
 and Mary J. (Bingeman) Baker, natives of Pennsylvania and of German de- 
 scent. His paternal grandparents came from Germany in 1830, and settled 
 Where John N. now resides; bought a farm in 1845 and built a house and 
 barn, which are yet standing just as when first put up. The grandfather 
 (John Baker) died in 1859, and the farm was next bought by George Baker 
 in 1861, who owned it until his death, which occurred September 13, 1876. 
 He was a carpenter by trade, which he followed to the day of his death, the 
 boys doing the farming. Our subject was reared on a farm and has always 
 resided on the homestead, which he bought in 1882 and now owns, and which 
 is in the hands of the third generation. He pays the most of his attention to 
 his farm crops. Mr. Baker is a good agriculturist, and has a small farm well 
 cultivated. He taught school for five years in his immediate vicinity. He 
 married, February 15, 1883, Viola Shatzer, and they are the parents of one 
 child— Daisy, bom January 29, 1885. Mrs. Baker is a member of the United 
 Presbyterian Church. Politically Mr. Baker is a Democrat. 
 
 DAVID BENDER, wagon-maker, Williamson, was born in York County, 
 Penn., March 8, 1829, and is a son of Michael and Catherine (Mumper) 
 Bender, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His grandfather, 
 Michael, was born in Lancaster County, but moved to York County, and fol- 
 lowed farming. He built a large brick mill at Dillsboro, which was conducted 
 by our subject's father, who went ipto the mill when but sixteen years old. 
 The grandfather, Michael, divided the property and gave the mill and forty 
 acres of land to Michael (subject's father) and his brother, who operated it a 
 number of years. David's father then sold out, moved into Cumberland 
 County, Penn. , conducted a grist-mill one year, and then operated the Moore 
 mill four years. He next moved to Chambersburg and operated the Brough 
 mill four years, then bought a property on the Warm Spring road, where he 
 resided a number of years, when he sold out and bought property in Cash- 
 town, and there resided until his death in 1871. David was brought up in 
 York County until eight years of age, when his parents moved away. He 
 remained at home until twelve years of age, when he hired on- a farm for one 
 year and went to school during the winter. The next spring he hired again, 
 and in the fall he went home to attend school, but did not remain long; then 
 went to live with a man to do the feeding and also attend school. On one 
 occasion, while in the overshoot on the straw mow, he fell through, broke his 
 right leg, and was laid up for considerable time, after which he again attended 
 Bchool. When eighteen years of age he turned his attention to wagon-making, 
 which he learned at the stone tavern in Cumberland County. He worked there 
 two years, then went to Chambersburg and worked for a time'. In 1851 he 
 moved with his eldest sister to Williams County, Ohio, and remained one year 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 
 
 'working at his trade, and on his return worked one winter in Mercersburg. In 
 the spring he and his brother, George C. , then went to Ohio again, remained 
 about two years and worked on a farm. Our subject then came back, worked 
 «t millwrighting two years, and in the fall of 1855 came to "Williamson and 
 worked at the grist-mill about eighteen months ; later farmed about four years. 
 He then bought a piece of land, improved it and lived on it until 1876. In the 
 spring of 1877 he bought a lot and erected a house, and built his shop in 
 1878. He erected all his buildings himself — house, barn and shop. He now 
 ■carries on wagon-making and does all kinds of repairing. January 2, 1864, 
 he .enlisted in Company B, Second Heavy Artillery, One Hundred and Twelfth 
 Begiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served two years and one month ; was 
 «t file siege of Petersburg from June 8 until August 25, and was under con- 
 stant fire. He was mustered but at City Point, Va. , and discharged at Phila- 
 ■delphia. In March, 1856, he married Elizabeth Stoner, by whom he had six 
 ■children, only one of whom is now living — Susan A., wife of James Dentler. 
 Mrs. Bender died in 1864, and in 1865 Mr. Bender married Nancy Stoner, who 
 ■bore him five children, three now living: William A., Laura and Sadie. Mrs. 
 Nancy Bender died in 1875, and June 26, 1876, he married as his third wife 
 Lydia (Decker) Davis, and she is the mother of five living children: Henry, 
 Oeorge, Mary A. , Elizabeth and Addie. Mr. and Mrs. Bender are members 
 of the German Baptist Church. His business increased to such proportions 
 that, in February, 1885, he put in a three horse- power engine which he uses 
 for his woodwork. 
 
 ISRAEL BRAKE, farmer, P. O. Edenville, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., March 31, 1843, and is a son of John C. and 
 Christiana (Jones) Brake, natives of Franklin County and of German descent, 
 the former of whom, who has always followed farming, is now living at the 
 age of about seventy-five years on Back Creek, where he owns a farm and saw- 
 mUl. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained with his parents until 
 twenty-two years of age, when he married and farmed on shares for his father 
 for fourteen years. In the spring of 1880 he moved to where he now resides 
 •and purchased for himself 130 acres of land and a saw-mill, which is run 
 by water-power. He bought the farm and mill from John Heckman. He 
 saws all kinds of lumber for the home trade, and is kept busy during the fall 
 and winter seasons. He saws about 50,000 feet annually. Mr. Brake mar- 
 ried, November 21, 1865, Louisia, daughter of John and Clara (Swartz) Gel- 
 wicks, and they are the parents of seven children, six of whom are living: 
 Laura, Franklin, Charles, Harney, Herbert and Bessie. Mr. and Mrs. Brake 
 are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Brake is one of the substantial 
 farmers of St. Thomas Township, and a prominent citizen. 
 
 JOHN W. BRYSON, blacksmith, St. Thomas, was born in this township, 
 ■September 29, 1842, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Ault) Bryson, na- 
 tives of Franklin County, Penn., of Scotch-Irish descent on the father's side, 
 and German on the mother's. His grandfather came to Franklin County 
 ■about 1810 or 1812, and probably first located in Hamilton Township, this 
 -county, near Cheeseiown. John, our subject's father, was born in Hamilton 
 Township, near Cheesetown, in 1817, and lived there until he was eighteen 
 years of age, when he learned the blacksmith's trade under Capt. Coble, which 
 he followed until his death, which occurred July 10, 1882, near the Gelwicks 
 Bchoolhouse, at what is known as the Adam Traher property. John "W. was 
 put on a farm at nine years of age; lived among farmers until he had reached 
 the age of eighteen. At that time the war of the Rebellion broke out, and he 
 was the first to enlist out of the town of Quincy in Company B, Second Penn- 
 
9Q0 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 svlvania Volunteer Infantry, and served three months, at the expiration of 
 which time he enlisted again in Company A, Seventy- seventh Pennsylvania, 
 Volunteer Infantry, under Capt. McKisson, and served three years. He was 
 in the battles of Clayville, Ky., Luverne, Tenn., Triune Stone Biver Liberty 
 Gap Chickamauga, and at the last named place was taken prisoner by Long- 
 street's corps and surrendered to the Twenty-fourth Georgias. He was taken 
 to Libby Prison, where they kept him forty-eight hours; thence to the Royster 
 Building, and there detained six weeks; was then removed to Scott Prison, 
 where he was taken sick and was sent to the Alabama Hospital, No. 21,wherehe 
 was kept two weeks. There were seventy-five enlisted men taken prisoners, and 
 he issued rations to fifty-one of his comrades whUe in prison, and was the only one 
 that returned to the regiment out of the seventy-five who carried a gun He 
 was kept a prisoner six months; was so reduced in weight when released that 
 he could not rejoin his regiment until June 27, 1864, while it was participat- 
 ing in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain; was sick at the time with intermittent 
 fever, and being unable to do duty, was sent back to the field hospital. Hfr 
 again joined the regiment August 5, 1864, and served until his discharge. He 
 was in the Atlanta campaign, Jonesboro, Flint River, Lovejoy and Corinth, 
 and was discharged October 11, 1864, after participating in about twelve bat- 
 tles and skirmishes. After the battle of Stone River he was promoted to sec- 
 ond lieutenant, but when he received his commission the numerical strength was 
 too slow to allow him to be mustered. After he returned from prison in June, 
 1864, the company still being short of the required number, and being in great 
 need of commissioned officers in the regiment. Col. Rose offered to transfer 
 more so that om- subject could be mustered, but Mr. Bryson refused, being 
 prostrate at this time with intermittent fever. After his second return, August 
 5, 1864, that day his captain, John E. Walker, was killed, and again Col. Rose 
 offered to promote, him to first lieutenant, but again he refused, still being 
 much reduced. Ranking as first sergeant, Mr. Bryson assisted First-Lieut. 
 A. G. Stark in commanding the company till the campaign was over. He came 
 back to his father's home and remained a short time. In 1865 he went to 
 Waynesboro, learned the blacksmith's trade, and worked two years with Wash 
 McGinly. He then came to St. Thomas Township, and lived with his father 
 until the spring of 1869, when he moved to Charles Gillan's hotel and worked 
 at blacksmithing three years. He then moved his family to Five Forks, went, 
 to Altoona and worked in the railroad shop five months. November 7, 1872, 
 he moved to St. Thomas, bought property and two lots, and has since lived 
 here and carried on blacksmithing. He married, January 2, 1868, Barbara A. 
 Row, who has borne him four children: John R., Lillie A. M. , Carrie C. and 
 William D. D. Mr. Bryson is a member of the G. A. R. of Chambersburg, 
 and he and his wife and children, John R. and Lillie A. M. , are members of 
 the Lutheran Church. 
 
 WILLIAM BTERS, farmer, P. O. Edenville, was born in Lancaster' 
 County, Penn., November 2, 1823, and is a son of Philip and Susan (Keisel) 
 Byers, natives of Lancaster and of German descent. His grandfather, Fred, 
 was a great military man and had organized companies in Lancaster County, 
 but during the service he cried because they did not draft him as he wished. 
 Philip Byers, father of our subject, was a tailor by trade, which he followed 
 the greater part of his life; in 1830 he moved to Franklin County, settled in 
 St. Thom asTownship and rented property; he died in 1876. Our subject was. 
 reared on a farm and remained with his parents until fifteen years of age; he- 
 then worked out up to the time of his marriage. He rented a farm on the 
 Loudon road near St. Thomas, and lived there ten years. In 1854 he bought, 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 901 
 
 the farm where he now lives, and commenced in the woods, cleared it all off 
 and built a house and other improvements, and can now enjoy the remainder 
 of his life. He has worked hard to obtain what he possesses, and reared a large 
 family of children. He married May 2, 1844, Elizabeth Wertz, who bore him 
 twelve children, of whom ten are living: John, who served eighteen months in 
 the late war, Susan, Anna, Katie, Rachel, Hiram, William, Charles, Wertz 
 and Jacob. Mr. and Mrs. Byers are members of the United Brethren Church. 
 Mr. Byers is an indu,strious citizen. 
 
 CAPT. JAMES CAMPBELL, a refugee from Scotland after the Stuart 
 Eebellion of 1745, was a captain of horse belonging to the house of Argyle. 
 Joining the fortunes of the Pretender, his lot was, cast with him, and after 
 many escapes, succeeded in making his way to America. He settled among 
 the Indians at the spring on the turnpike road leading to Bedford, near 
 Campbelltown, erected the same stone house that stands there now upon the 
 rocks above the spring. (This was about the year 1750, the date of the deed 
 from Thomas Penn and Bichard Penn to James Campbell. ) His son, James 
 Campbell, was a captain of the Pennsylvania line during the Eevolutionary 
 war. [His brother Thomas was also a captain, and was taken prisoner at Fort 
 Washington; he laid out the town of St. Thomas, or Campbelltown, as it was 
 generally called.] His son, James C, of first James Campbell, the father of 
 Charles T. Campbell, was a soldier in Davis' mounted rifles under Gen. 
 Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe and the Thames; was also a member of 
 Capt. Culbertson's company at Baltimore. The three James Campbells all 
 died on the old farm on Campbell's Kun, and were buried in the old 
 Presbyterian graveyard near Mercersburg. The great-grandfather of Gen. C. 
 T. Campbell, on his mother's side and his grandmother Poe's side, was Gen. 
 James Potter of the Eevolutionary war, his grandfather, Capt. James Poe, 
 being married to Gen. Potter's daughter. James Poe was captain of the 
 Third Company of Col. Abram Smith's battalion of Franklin County. Lieut. 
 Thomas Poe, son of Capt. James Poe, and uncle of Gen. Campbell, was 
 killed at Lundy's Lane; was adjutant of the regiment which went from 
 Franklin and Cumberland Counties in the war of 1812 under Col. Fen ton. 
 He was buried on the American side somewhere by his comrades, but no 
 monument marks his grave. Gen. Charley T. Campbell was born August 
 10, 1823, on the Campbell farm near St. Thomas, Franklin Co., Penn.; was 
 educated at the Chambersburg Academy, the military school at Bedford, and 
 lastly at Marshall College, Mercersburg. At the breaking out of the Mexican 
 war he entered the service at Washington, D. C. ; was appointed a lieutenant 
 of infantry. United States Army, and assigned to the Eleventh Eegiment; 
 was ordered on recruiting service to Chambersburg, Penn., and went with 
 the regiment to Mexico, first lieutenant Company B. In August, 1847, .he was 
 promoted captain of Company A, same regiment; this regiment was dis- 
 banded, after the war, at Fort Hamilton N. Y. When news came to 
 Chambersburg of the firing upon Fort iSumter, the first train to Harrisburg 
 took with it Gen. Campbell and several other patriotic citizens to urge upon 
 the governor of Pennsylvania the necessity of immediate organization of 
 Volunteer troops for our own protection. The governor authorized Gen. 
 Campbell to organize and equip a battery of horse artillery, which was 
 successfully done in about ten days. (This battery was the same commanded 
 by Capt. H. Easton On so many bloody fields during the war.) The Legis- 
 lature authorized the recruiting of a regiment of eight batteries which Gen. 
 Campbell superintended at Harrisburg, Penn. , when complete, on the 4th day 
 of August, 1861. The regiment was mustered into the United States service 
 
902 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and ordered to join tte Army of the Potomac at Washington, D. C At abouti 
 this time Gen. Campbell was commissioned colonel of the regiment. Th» 
 batteries were scattered and only three out of the eight were together in 
 McCall's division. Gen. Campbell served in this division as chief of artillery 
 until March, 1862, when he was appointed colonel of the Fifty- se-venth. 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry — a rifle regiment in the Third Corps, 
 First Division, or better known as "Kearney's Division," which had a char- 
 acter for never going back or getting out of ammunition. Campbell waa 
 severely wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, left on the field for dead, an<i 
 until brought into camp late at night, it was so reported. November 29, 1862, 
 he was appointed brigadier-general, by special request of Gen. Hooker, 
 Gen. Berry, Gen. Birney, and Gen. Sickels, the corps division officers of' 
 Hooker's grand division. He was severely wounded in the battle of 
 Fredericksburg, December 13, which unfitted him entirely for field service, 
 having received during this campaign in the Peninsula seven severe wounds.. 
 After partially recovering from his wounds he was ordered by Gen. Halleck, 
 commander-in-chief, to the department of the Northwest, where he remained 
 on duty until the final muster out of the general officers in January, 1866. 
 He now resides in Dakota, and has made it his home for the last twenty years. 
 MORRIS CARL, merchant, Edenville, was born in. Berks County, Penn., 
 January 15, 1857, and is a son of Daniel and Hannah (Gruber) Carl, natives, 
 of Berks County and of German descent. His grandfather came from Ger- 
 many and landed in America September 14, 1819; he settled in Berks County, 
 Penn. , where he resided until his death. Our subject's father is a shoemaker 
 by trade, which he has followed all his life, and is now living in Boyertown, 
 Berks County, where he is engaged in business. Morris Carl commenced to, 
 learn the shoemaker's trade when about ten years of age, and worked at it until 
 about seventeen years of age. He then went on a farm; worked two years and 
 earned some money; then engaged as a clerk for John W. Dotterer, of Hill 
 Church, with whom he remained one year and a half ; then went to Logston 
 and clerked one year. In the spring of 1879 he came to Franklin County and. 
 was engaged as clerk in Hunter & Springer's store, Franklin Furnace, remain- 
 ing with them six years. In the spring of 1885 he bought the prt>perty he ia 
 now occupying, and started in business for himself. He has a good building 
 and a fine stock of general merchandise valued at $3,000, on which and th» 
 bmldmg he carries an insurance of 12,000. He was assistant postmaster for 
 Hunter & Springer for some time. Mr. Carl is a bright young man, full of 
 energy and mtegrity. He started in life without a cent, but by the economy 
 and good management practiced by himself and wife, has acquired a compe- 
 tence. He married, January 26, 1878, Susanna, daughter of A aron and Cath- 
 erine (Drey) Springer, and they are the parents of four children, three of 
 whom are living: Lila, Louisa and Sarah. Mr. and Mrs. Carl are members 
 German Bibr'^ Church. Mr. Carl has in his possession his grandfather' a 
 
 ABRAHAM CRIDER, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in St. Thomas 
 
 S.T^pP'iS'^l^^r.P^i' ^^°°-' ^P'''^ 11' ISU, and is a son of Christley and 
 Mary (B^kholder) Crider, both natives of Pennsylvania but of German de- 
 scent. His grandfather came from the old country when quite a small boy, 
 and was, no doubt, among the early settlers of Franklin County. Our subject 
 r« if T^'f ""^ * *^f?' ^""^ ''"^ °^"« 140 acres on which he lives. H* 
 a^e iWm'lt^tJl T''^".^'""*"' ^°d although now seventy-five years of 
 
 SVLdOclberS l'?4'?'^4°'-'^r"^<l"^ °*^°'^ ^'^ ^' *^™^- He waa 
 married October 8, 1836, to Margaret, daughter of William and Eve (Bone. 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 903 
 
 brake) Hamilton. Tliey are the parents of eight children now living four 
 
 sons and four daughters. The names of the sons are as follows: Daniel, Will, 
 iam, Frank and J. G. , a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church and now 
 stationed in Ohio. He was educated at Dayton, Ohio; preached for a time in 
 Baltimore and different points; married in Greenville, Ohio, Martha Markwith. 
 He has devoted his time to the cause of Christianity from boyhood. Mr. 
 Crider is a good farmer, and has been one of the most active men in St. Thomas 
 Township, and his surroundings and improvements show his enterprise and in- 
 dustry. He has been a Eepublican all his life, as was also his father. 
 
 JOHN W. DEFENDEEFER, farmer, Williamson, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, this county, August 23, 1844, and is a son of Samuel and Mary 
 (Carson) Defenderfer, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent, the 
 former of whom, a shoe-maker by trade, is at present farming and has been for 
 several years past. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained with his 
 parents until twenty-one years of age. In 1864 he enlisted in Company D, 
 "Two Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served one 
 year. He was in the closing battles of Fort Steadman on March 22, and at 
 the capture of Petersburg when Lee surrendered. He was mustered out at 
 Alexandria, Va.., and paid ofF at Harrisburg; came home and lived with his 
 parents a short time; then married and located north of St. Thomas, where he 
 remained two years; then moved to St. Thomas, where he lived eight years. 
 He remained in the vicinity of St. Thomas until the spring of 1886, when he 
 moved to Williamson, where he owns a farm of eighty-seven acres of good 
 land. Mr. Defenderfer was married February 1, 1867, to Mary J. Martin, and 
 they are the parents of eight children, six of whom are living: Elmer C, How- 
 ard, Florence, Jennie, Rhoda A. and Alice. He was elected supervisor of his 
 district in the spring of 1886, and is now filling the duties of that office; he 
 has held the office four terms. He is an industrious, intelligent and enterpris- 
 ing citizen. 
 
 COL. WILLIAM D. DIXON, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in this 
 township, December 11, 1833, and is a son of David and Catherine (Jeffrey) 
 Dixon, natives of St. Thomas Township. The colonel' s father and grandfa- 
 ther were bom on the farm he now owns. His great-grandfather came from 
 Scotland when quite young with a man named John Campbell, in 1690. He 
 arrived in Franklin County in 1735, and located where William D. resided in 
 1737, entered some land and bought a tract of 226 acres. His grandfather, 
 William, was taken prisoner by the Indians when nine years of age, and kept 
 eleven weeks in a cave on the adjoining farm. A squaw stuck feathers in his 
 head and brought him home to his mother and notified the family that the braves 
 of the tribe she belonged to were going to a great dance outside, and would re- 
 turn in two moons and kill all the whites. His grandfather died at the age of 
 eighty years. David, the colonel's father, settled on a farm adjoining his 
 father's and lived there until his death, January 9, 1849. Col. W. D. Dixon 
 was reared on a farm and remained with his mother until her death. His fa- 
 ther died when he was quite a youth. April 18, 1861, our subject recruited 
 Company D, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, and served until June 11, 1864, 
 when his regiment was mustered out. He was in the battles of DranesviUe, 
 Va., December 19, 1861; Antietam, September 16 and 17, 1862; Fredericks- 
 burg, December 13, 1862; Gettysburg, Penn., July 2, 3 and 4, 1863, where 
 he was slightly wounded; all through the Wilderness with Grant in 1864; 
 Bethesda Church, Va. , where he was wounded by two spent balls striking him, one 
 in the left breast and one in the groin; seriously injured in the head July 2, 1862, 
 near Harrison's Landing, Va. April 24, 1861, he was commissioned as cap- 
 
^904 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 tain of his regiment, and May 23, 1863, was commissioned lieutenant- colonel; 
 in 1864 he held the commission of brevet colonel and brevet brigadier-general 
 for gallant conduct at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, Va. , commis- 
 sion signed by A. Johnson. He had his knee sprained at the battle of Dranes- 
 vUle, December 19, 1861. At the close of the war he returned to St. Thomas, 
 where he resided until 1872, when he bought the old homestead consisting of 
 269 acres of good land, where he has since continued to reside. He also 
 owns a farm of 325 acres of land. He was married on the 14th of June, 
 1855, to Martha Gillan. They are the parents of three children — two living: 
 David J. and Sarah C. Mr. Dixon is a member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 His grandfather served through the Revolutionary war as an ensign in the 
 Pennsylvania line, but was a sergeant in Col. Boquet's command; was with 
 Maj. Dunwoodie in the massacre, and was one of the three that escaped to 
 Fort Loudoun, from where they had started on a scout with nineteen men ; all 
 the others were killed and scalped, including Maj. Dunwoodie. He never 
 wanted any commission. His certificate is dated October 5, 1805, sworn to 
 by Patrick Jack, who was a colonel in the Revolutionary war and commanded 
 a company in Col. Boquet's command. During the late war, in 1863 and 
 1864, Col. Dixon'B effects were destroyed by the rebels. He was at that time 
 in mercantile business in St. Thomas, but resumed business in a short time. 
 Col. Dixon was a brave soldier and has as clear a record as any man in his 
 regiment. He and family are members of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 JOHN R. EBERLY, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in Guilford 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., February 17, 1835, and is a son of Jacob and 
 Hannah (Reed) Eberly, natives of Franklin County, and of Swiss-German de- 
 scent. His great-great-grandfather came'from Switzerland and settled in Lan- 
 caster County under a big oak tree, and lived there until his death. He left 
 Switzerland the time of the great trouble between the Protestants and Catho- 
 lics. His grandfather, Peter, came to Franklin County when quite young, 
 settled in Chambersburg, and was among the first settlers in that borough! 
 Our subject's father, Jacob, was a farmer, and is now living in Guilford Town- 
 ship at the age of seventy -five. He has been living a retired life for about 
 thirty years. He owned about the first steam saw-mill that was operated in this 
 county, and was engaged in the lumber business for about ten years. John R. 
 Was reared on a Campbell farm until about twelve years of age, when his parents 
 moved to Chambersburg, Penn., where they lived two years, and John R. at- 
 tended school. When twenty-four years old he started out for himself, and 
 farmed for his father on shares for six years. In 1866 he moved to St. Thomas 
 iownship and bought the Campbell farm where he now resides, and owns 162 
 acres of valuable land. He has made a great many improvements on his place 
 since coming here. He was drawn in the first draft, but paid a liberal sum to a 
 substitute for three years. Mr. Eberly has been on the school board for a 
 term of three years. He married, December 1, 1859, Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Jacob Deatnch, and by this union there were ten children, six n<Jw living: 
 
 ?wr^-?-A^'^.?^'/o'?.'' '^•' -Daisy B., Harry S. and Walter R. mS. 
 Eberly died August 15, 1879, and Mr. Eberly married, March 13, 1883, Emma 
 F daughter of Abraham KiefFer, of Rock Dale, Penn. Mr. and Mrs. Eberly 
 Repiwican ""' ^""^ ^^^^^^^^^ of the Reformed Church. In politics he is i 
 
 ^eS^l\Tf^t^' ?™''' ''• ^, J?<i^°^i"«. ^a« born in Berks County, 
 mar"of 0«iS. J ' Tv ''. ^ ^°1 of Frederick and Catherine (Trate) Fore- 
 S '^f-.f «™a^-Enghsh descent. His grandfather came from Germany 
 When quite young, and settled in Berks County, Penn., where he resided 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 905 
 
 until his death. He served in the Revolutionary war, and was imprisoned in 
 a church by the Hessians, who nailed it up securely, and kept him until he 
 was almost starved. Subject's father was a blacksmith by trade, which he 
 followed several years; then went into the furnace business, and was foreman 
 of a foundry in Berks County until his death, which occurred in 1846. Isaac 
 Foreman was brought up to learn the furnace business, and was foreman of 
 several different furnaces. He was only thirteen years of age when his father 
 died, and he was left to do for himself. He worked at the Mount Payne fur- 
 nace two years, and was foreman of the foundry. He then went to Lebanon 
 County, and was there engaged as foreman; thence to Sheridan furnace, and 
 served seven years; thence to Schuylkill County, where he was foreman of 
 Auburn furnace one year. He then came to Franklin County, and was em- 
 ployed as superintendent for sixteen years ; then went to Cumberland County 
 and superintended Shaley Run furnace two years. In 1879 he bought th© 
 farm he now lives on, consisting of sixty acres, and moved to where he has 
 since lived, and has been engaged in farming. He was married, December 
 30, 1853, to Priscilla Burkholder. They are the parents of twelve children, 
 nine living: Augustus, John, Isaac, William, Charles, Clinton, Caserow, El- 
 mira and Frederick. Mr. and Mrs. Foreman are members of the United 
 Brethren Church. Mr. Foreman is one of Franklin County's substantial 
 farmers and business men. He is a self-made man ; all he has he made him- 
 self by his own labor. 
 
 HENRY FOUTZ, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , March 26, 1829, and is a son of Jacob and 
 Mary (Swigert) Foutz, natives of Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Michael 
 Swigert, came from Lancaster County to this county when quite young, settled 
 in St. Thomas Township, bought a farm of about 300 acres of land and after- 
 ward divided it and gave his son Christley a part. It is supposed the grand- 
 father came from "the old country," and it is said that there are now 15, 000,- 
 000 awaiting the Swigert heirs, but it cannot be traced whence the grandfather 
 came. He lived on the farm where he first settled until his death, and fol- 
 lowed agricultural pursuits all his life ; was one of the most successful farmers 
 in Franklin County, and had accumulated a good fortune. Our subject's 
 father, Jacob Foutz, was taken to Ohio by his stepfather and there lived until 
 he was sixteen years old, when he ran away and came back to Franklin 
 County, and for a few years worked for Christley Swigert. He worked by the 
 day until he was married, and then rented, from the Wilsons, the farm on 
 which John Croft now lives. He also bought the farm of 236 acres, where 
 Mr. Detwiler now lives, and built the brick house which is still on the premises. 
 He died in January, 1850, on the fiftieth anniversary of his birth. Henry 
 Foutz was reared on the farm, and remained with his father until his death; 
 then hired out two years, and after marriage rented land in different places 
 for about sixteen years. In 1864 he bought a farm near Cashtown and sold it 
 the same year. In 1875 he bought the farm where he now lives, consisting of 
 ninety-six acres, and has made a great many improvements. December 13, 
 1853, he married Sarah Wagoner, who bore him six children, three of whom 
 are living: Emma C, married to John High; Laura M. ; Lydia I., married to 
 Jacob Holman. Mr. and Mrs. Foutz are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 Mr. Foutz is one of the substantial farmers of St. Thomas Township. 
 
 JOSEPH FRYMIRE, section foreman, P. O. Williamson, was born in 
 Cumberland County, Penn. , August 17, 1842, and is a son of Henry and Julia 
 A. (Lower) Frymire, and of German descent. His grandparents were born in 
 Pennsylvania. His father was born in Dauphin County, but after he was 
 
906 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 married moved to Newville.-and was employed by the Cumberland Valley E. R. 
 Company as section foreman for thirty-five years; he now lives in retirement at" 
 Mechanicsbiirg. Our subject was reared in Cumberland County, and went to-, 
 school until fifteen years old, when he was engaged by the Cumberland Valley 
 Eailroad and worked for ten years. He was employed by the Government, 
 one year during the war, and was then employed by J. Johnson & Sons, grain 
 merchants, for six years in Mechanicsburg. In the fall of 1883 he moved to- 
 Williamson, and has been employed as section foreman by the Southern Penn- 
 sylvania Kailroad for six years. He married, in July, 1863, Elizabeth Hughes, 
 and to them four children have been born, of whom three are now living: 
 Anna O. (married to S. N. Hagerman), William H. and Fannie. Mr. Fry- 
 mire owns a house and lot in Mechanicsburg valued at |1,100. He is thor- 
 oughly familiar with the railroad business, having followed it nearly all his 
 life. He is a member of the Cumberland Valley Association. 
 
 JOHN F. GEL WICKS, farmer, P. O. Edenville, was born on the old 
 homestead, in St. Thomas Township, this county, February 5, 1853, and is. 
 the youngest of the family of ten children of John and Clara (Swartz) Gel- 
 wicks, and of German descent. His grandfather, Frederick, was in the Cum- 
 berland Valley to protect the settlers from the Indians while they were gath- 
 ering crops. John Gelwickai.,jubiect' s father, was born in 1797 and came 
 with his parents to where John F. now resides. April 6, 1819, he bought a, 
 tract of about 400 acres from Col. Armstrong, and settled on it. From this, 
 place four tracts have been sold, leaving 233 acres still in the homestead farm. 
 His father lived here until his death, which occurred December 5, 1876, and 
 his mother still lives on the farm, at the age of seventy-seven years; this farm 
 originally belonged to Col. Armstro^j^ and is probably one of the oldest farms 
 in tiiis section of the country; it i^gxt passed into the hands of his two sons, 
 John and Frederick, and next intotlfe hands of John Gelwicks in 1856, who- 
 bought it. John F. Gelwicks was reared on a farm and remained with his- 
 father imtil his death; he then took charge of the old home place and has- 
 since been living here. His mother moved to the house that her husband had 
 built a few months previous to his death, which is one of the most beautiful 
 places in the county for a faun house. It is located near the mountain, in a. 
 valley nidely surrounded by trees, etc. John F. was married December 23, 
 1875, to Emma V. , daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Keef er, and they are the 
 parents of three children, two living: Carrie M. and Nellie V.; Clyde R. is- 
 deceased. Mrs. Gelwicks is a member of the German Reformed Church. Mr. 
 Gelwicks farms the whole of the homestead; also deals in stock, making a 
 specialty of fine graded Percheron horses and Durham cattle. He has held the 
 office of judge of elections for three terms; in the spring of 1886 he was 
 elected justice of the peace, which office he now holds. Mr. Gelwicks is one 
 of the good, substantial farmers of St. Thomas Township; he has the rifle 
 that his grandfather owned while he was in the valley guarding the settlers; 
 he has also the clock which his great-grandfather brought from Germany. 
 The first deed of this faim dates May 1, 1813, between Edward Crawford and 
 Dr. Samuel Culbertson of Chambersburg. Mrs. Gelwicks still retains the 
 homestead. 
 
 GEORGE L. GROVE, carriage-maker, St. Thomas, was bom in Hamilton 
 Township, Franklin Co., Perm., September 5, 1850, and is a son of John and 
 Margaret (Lininger) Grove, natives of Franklin County and of German de- 
 scent. His great-grandparents first settled in Lancaster County, at an early 
 day. John Grove, a farmer, is now living in retirement at Chambersburg. 
 Our subject, the eldest of a family of eleven children, remained with his par- 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 907 
 
 ents tmtil nineteen years of age; then went to learn the carriage- maker's trade 
 under McCiane & Deihl, for whom he worked for three years. After working 
 a year for this firm, McCune & Deihl dissolved partnership, and George L. 
 went into partnership with Deihl, buying a half interest; the firm was known 
 as Deihl & Grove, and continued for two years when it sold out. Mr. Grove 
 then went to Altoona and worked about three months, took sick, was brought 
 home and did nothing all summer. After his recovery he came back to St. 
 Thomas, was engaged by McCune & McLeery, and worked for five or six 
 years. In 1880 he went into business for himself, and has since continued, 
 being the only carriage-maker in St. Thomas. He makes all kinds of carriages, 
 does all kinds of repairing and has a good trade. He was first married Janu- 
 ary 12, 1873, to Mary L. Keefer, by whom he had three children, one of whom 
 is living, Floyd. Mrs. Grove dying in 1877, Mr. Grove then married, Novem- 
 ber 12, 1879, Catherine D. Grove. They are the parents of two children: 
 Pearl and Charles. Mr. Grove is a member of the I. O. O. P. , Lodge No. 950, 
 of St. Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. Grove are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 In 1883 he was elected justice of the peace and has since held the office. 
 
 E. HARRISON HAGERMAN, Sr., merchant, Williamson, was born in 
 Adams County, Penn. y April 10, 182G, and ia a son of Thomas and Hannab 
 (Craig) Hagerman, natives of Pennsylvania and of German-Irish descent. His; 
 grandfather, Aaron, was born in New Jersey, where he resided a good many 
 years, but moved to Adams County, and there lived several years. He died in 
 Ohio. Thomas Hagerman, father of our subject was born in Adams County, 
 Penn., in 1785, and lived to be sixty-nine years old; he moved to Hagerstown, 
 Md. , when our subject was only six years of age. He was a brick-maker by trade, 
 but during his later days followed farming. E. Harrison (our subject) was 
 reared on a farm, but followed brick-making until he was twenty-four years of 
 age. He carried on farming from that time up to 1870; then engaged in mer- 
 cantile business in Hagerstown, Md., for eighteen months. In December, 
 1871, he moved to Williamson, this township, bringing his stock of merchan- 
 dise .with him, and opened a store. He had built a store building the summer 
 before he came, of solid stone, at a cost of about $12,000, for store, building 
 and residence. He has the only store in Williamson, carries a stock of gen- 
 eral merchandise of about 14, 000, and does a good business. While working 
 in the brickyard he sprained his leg, and though he suffered from it for four 
 or five years, did not regard it seriously; the bones, however, began to decay 
 and the leg had to be amputated just below the knee. Mr. Hagerman mar- 
 ried December 25, 1855, having four children, three of whom are living: 
 Edward H. , Carrie E. , married to Harry Diehl, residing in Kansas, and Will- 
 iam H. Mrs. Hagerman died in March, 1865, and in April, 1866, he married 
 Sarah Butterbaugh, by whom he has six children: Samuel, Charles, Elizabeth, 
 Franklin, Anna, Irene. Mr. and Mrs. Hagerman are members of the Lutheran 
 Church. Mr. Hagerman has an interest in a creamery that is owned by a stock 
 company. He is a prominent citizen of the county and a thorough business; 
 man. His son, Edward H., is a partner in the store, the partnership having 
 been formed January 1, 1886, under the firm name of E. H. Hagerman & Son. 
 The junior partner is a thorough gentleman, with a good knowledge of busi- 
 ness. Mr. Hagerman was appointed postmaster of Williamson from the time 
 it was established, under Grant's administration, until October, 1885, when 
 he was removed, and was succeeded by U. G. Hawbecker, under the new ad- 
 ministration. 
 
 WILLIAM C. HARTMAN, postmaster, Edenville, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., August 15, 1863, and is a son of Benjamin 
 
908 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 and Catherine (Diffenderfer) Hartman, natives of Franklin County, and of 
 German descent, the former of whom was a butcher, which occupation he fol- 
 lowed the greater part of his life; he also kept store at Edenville, and died in 
 January, 1882. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained with his par- 
 ents until fourteen years of age, when he commenced to work out, and so con- 
 tinued until the fall of 1885, when he was appointed postmaster at Edenville, 
 succeeding L. L. Springer, under the Democratic administration of Grover 
 Cleveland, and still holds the office. His brother, Henry, has conducted the 
 store in which the postoffice is kept, for about three years, and carries a gen- 
 eral line? his father owned this store before his death. 
 
 WILLIAM C. HASHINGER, blacksmith, Williamson, was born in Fan- 
 nett Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , December 26, 1857, and is a son of Henry 
 and Margaret (Ziegman) Hashinger, natives of Germany. They left the old 
 country in 1854, taking passage at Havre on a sailing vessel, and after a voy- 
 age of sixty-two days landed at New York. From there they came to Fannett 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., and remained several years; then moved into 
 Metal Township, where Henry bought a farm on which he resided until his 
 death. May 9, 1875; his widow resides on the homestead in Metal Township. 
 Our subject was reared in Metal Township and when nineteen years old com- 
 menced to learn the blacksmith's trade at Fairview, Md., where he worked five 
 years. In the spring of 1881 he went to Waynesboro and worked three years; 
 then went to Metal Township and remained with his mother one year, working 
 on the farm. In the spring of 1886 he moved to Williamson, bought a black- 
 smith shop and has since been engaged in that business. He is a practical 
 workman and does all kinds of repairing and carriage work. November 24, 
 1881, he married Sarah Eecker, a native of Frederick County, Md., and to 
 them were born three children: John H., Brace M. and Mabel. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hashinger are members of the Reformed Church. Mr. Hashinger owns ■ a 
 house and lot in Williamson. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge No. 219, 
 and Uncas tribe No. 101 of the I. O. E. M., both of Waynesboro. Politically 
 he is a Democrat. 
 
 SAMUEL Z. HAWBECKER. miller, Williamson, was born in Peters 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., May 11, 1841, and is a son of David and 
 Lydia (Zentmeyer) Hawbecker, who were natives of Lancaster County, Penn. , 
 and of German descent. His great-grandfather, Hawbecker, a native of Germany, 
 immigrated to Berks County, Penn. , when young and was one of the early set- 
 tlers of that county. He moved to Lancaster County, Penn., and lived there 
 until his death. His grandfather came from Lancaster County to Franklin 
 County in 1813, and settled at Upton, where he followed his trade, blacksmith- 
 ing, for a short time, then bought a farm adjoining Upton on which he spent 
 the remainder of his days. His father, David, was in his fifth year when he 
 came to Franklin County. He was a blacksmith by trade but did not follow 
 that for a livelihood. He spent the most of his time on the farm which ad- 
 joined Upton. He was the father of eight children, three of whom are now 
 living: Sarah, married toE. H. Hagerman; Elizabeth, married to Adam Kuhn, 
 and Samuel Z. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained with his par- 
 ents untU twenty- four years of age, when he started out for himself. Januaiy 
 3, 1865, he came to Stitzell's mill (now Williamson), and learned the miller's 
 trade under William Stitzell, and in March, 1865, with Adam Kuhn as a part- 
 ner, bought the mill and operated it one year. Mr. Hawbecker then bought 
 his partner's interest and conducted the mill until 1872; then his father Dafid 
 purchased it, and it was run by difPerent parties until 1877; then Samuel Z 
 bought it again and has since owned and operated it. The mill is a large stone 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 909 
 
 building run by both steam and water-power; is equipped with all the neces- 
 sary machinery and is run with the new roller process, which Mr. Hawbecker 
 added to it in October, 1885, and taking out all the old machinery he replaced 
 it by new. The building is 36^x60 feet. He makes as good flour as can be 
 had in the State, and the mill is in constant use. It seems impossible for one 
 man to look after all the business done by Mr. Hawbecker, but with the assist- 
 ance of his son, Upton G. , he manages it all. He owns and operates two large 
 stone quarries, which he started on a small scale in 1869, but his business kept 
 increasing so rapidly that he had to hire more men, and now employs twenty- 
 five. One quarry is used f«r building stone, the other for lime, in connection 
 with which he also has a large lime-kiln, and burns lime which is pronounced by 
 the State geologist to be of the best quality in the State. He also owns a 
 stone crusher, and the stone is used for ballasting. The quarry is one of the 
 largest stone quarries in the State, located on the Southern Pennsylvania 
 Branch Eailroad, where he is constantly shipping. He is also connected with 
 a large creamery establishment at Williamson which is operated by a company 
 of stockholders and was organized June 1, 1882, with thirty-nine stockholders. 
 The officers are Abram Strickler, president; S. Z. Hawbecker, secretary; E. 
 H. Hagerman, treasurer; Benjamin S. Prantz, superintendent. The board of 
 directors are Abram Strickler, S. Z. Hawbecker, B. H. Hagerman, John H. 
 Hawk. Peter A. ]\([argal, Andrew Coffee and Jacob W. Hage. They manufact- 
 ure and ship about 1, 000 pounds of butter per day. They have a contract to 
 ship 275 pounds per week to the State lunatic asylum at Harrisburg. Mr. 
 Hawbecker is also interested in the Franklin Electric Telegraph Company. 
 They have a. charter for twelve counties in the State of Pennsylvania; the object 
 was to build telephone lines, but on account of not being able to secure tele- 
 phones from the Bell Telephone Company at such rates as they desired, they 
 abandoned that system and adopted the telegraph system, which they are now 
 running. Mr. Hawbecker is ticket, freight and express agent for the Southern 
 Pennsylvania Branch Railroad at Williamson. His son, Upton C, is the pres- 
 ent postmaster; was appointed by Grover Cleveland, and is a very bright young 
 man. Mr. Hawbecker has been twice married: first, January 1, 1861, to Anna 
 M. Grove, and by this union two children were born, one living, Upton G. 
 Mrs. Hawbecker died in February, 1865; and Mr. Hawbecker next married in 
 October, 1868, Mary E. Williamson, of Sheppardstown, W. Va. They are 
 the parents of four children : Lida, Nettie, Carrie and Bessie. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hawbecker are members of the Reform ed Church. Much credit is due Mr. 
 Hawbecker from the citizens of Williamson and the vicinity; there were but 
 two houses at this point when he came, and he bought a tract of seventy-four 
 acres, started up his quarry and in a short time the railroad cama through and 
 the people began to flock in, until now it is a flourishing little village of four- 
 teen dwellings, one grist and saw mill, a creamery, two stone quarries, four 
 lime-kilns, a wagon-making shop, coach-making shop, blacksmith shop, store, 
 shoe shop, etc. The town was regularly laid out and platted by him in 1871, 
 and named in honor of his second wife's maiden nama. Mr. Hawbecker is one 
 of the prominent men of the county and a man of enterprise and intelligence. 
 DANIEL G. HOOVER, school-teacher, St. Thomas, was born in Letter- 
 kenny Township, Franklin Co., Pena., May 12, 1830, and is a son of Samuel 
 and Eliza (Gipe) Hoover, natives of Franklin County, and of German de- 
 sceit. His father was a farmer and owned a farm in Letterkenny Township, 
 on which he lived until his death in July, 1860. Daniel G. was only nine 
 weeks old when his father died, and but three days old when his motiier died. 
 He was, therefore, reared by his grandparents; and at the age of eighteen he 
 
yiO BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 started out for himself, and engaged in school-teaching. He taught one term 
 and then went into mercantile business in Keefer's store, where he was en- 
 gaged oae year. He then learned telegraphing, which he followed eighteen 
 mo°nths. In the spring of 1885 he bought the property he now owns, and 
 moved here in the spring of 1883. He is now engaged at teaching in the com- 
 mon schools of the township, and is employed by Smith Bros, of Geneva, 
 N. Y. , a salesman in the fruit and ornamental business. He was married De- 
 cember 22, 1883, to Alice S. Sellers, and they are the parents of two children: 
 Bertha M. and Edgar W. Mr. and Mrs. Hoover are members of Trinity Ee- 
 formed Church. Mr. Hoover was elected justice of the peace in 1884, but re- 
 fused to serve. He is a young man of good business qualities, intelligent and 
 enterprisiug and has gained a host of friends. Politically he is a Jeffersonian 
 Democrat. 
 
 PETER KERLIN, retired farm tr, of St. Thomas, was born in Exeter, 
 Berks Co., Penn., in 1831, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Haines) 
 Kerlin, natives of Berks County, Penn., the latter of whom died April 6, 1880. 
 The Kerlin family were of Irish descent, and the Haines family of Dutch ex- 
 traction, our subject's great-grandfather Haines being a native of Amsterdam, 
 Holland. His grandfather, Poter, was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, and immi- 
 grated to New Jersey, thease moved to Barks County, Penn., where he re- 
 mained until his death. John Kerlin was a farmer, and owned a farm in Berks 
 County, which he sold, and then came to Franklin County in 1849. He bought 
 172 acres of land about three miles east of St. Thomas, and lived there until his 
 death, which occurred in August, 1803. Oar subject was reared on a farm, 
 and in his fifteenth year started in life for himself. He was engaged as clerk 
 in Womelsdorf, Berks Co., Penn., one year; then learned the printer' a trade, 
 and worked one year at the same place ; then went to Reading, Penn. , to learn 
 mercantile business, and was employed by Kerper & Co. for four years. In 
 1851 he came to this county, and remained with his father until after the latter's 
 death in 1863. In the spring of 1864 he went to Shippensburg, Cumberland 
 County, and bought out a drug store, which he conducted two years. In 1866 
 he moved to Chamberaburg, this county, where he lived one year, and made a 
 study of music, giving instruction to others. In 1867 he moved to St. Thomas 
 Township and bought a farm of 142 acres, three-quarters of a mile from St. 
 Thomas, resided there fourteen years, and in 1881 came to the village where 
 he has since lived, still retaining the farm. He and his sister, Hannah, live 
 together on property which she owns in St. Thomas. They are members of 
 the Reformed Church. He has also a brother, Richard, living with him. Mr. 
 Kerlin has been quite an active business man, and his life has been an event- 
 ful one. He has served as assistant assessor; also school director for six years. 
 Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 JACOB KLOCK, blacksmith, Williamson, was born in St. Thomas Town- 
 ship, Fraaklin Co., Penn., November 20, 1845, and is a son of Peter and Eliz- 
 abeth (Deck) Kiosk; the former a native of Germany and the latter- of Penn- 
 sylvania. Peter Klock, father of our subject, left the old country when quite 
 young, came to America and worked at day labor for several years. He was 
 married to Elizabeth Deck, by whom he had seven children, three of whom are 
 now living: John, Jacob and Daniel. In 1859 he bought a small property 
 -where his son, Jacob, now resides, built on it and there lived until his death in 
 1874. He became a naturalized citizen of America by a certificate made out 
 by_F. M. Kimmell, President, John Huber and John Orr, Esqs. , August 8, 
 1859. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained with his parents until 
 he was nineteen years of age, when he worked out and served an apprentice- 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 911 
 
 •ship at his trade, that of a blacksmith, which he learned in Peters Township. 
 In 1868 he built a blacksmith shop, where he now resides, and has since fol- 
 lowed his trade at this place. He also owns here eighty-nine acres of good 
 land, and carries on farming and blacksmithing. He is a practical workman 
 and does a good business. Mr. Klock married December 28, 1869, Hannah 
 M.Scully, and to them have been born five children: Carrie M., Eleanor C, 
 John H. , David W. and Charles E. He raises stock of good grades. Mr. 
 Klock is a Republican in politics, an intelligent and enterprising citizen. 
 
 ADAM KIJHN, carpenter, Williamson, was born in Antrim Township, 
 Franklin Co., Penn., December 16, 1836, and is a son of George and Cathe- 
 rine (Zarker) Kuhn, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His 
 grandfather came from Germany when about twenty-one years of age and lo- 
 cated in Antrim Township, this county, where his father bought a farm, and 
 remained there until his death. His son, George (subject's father), then 
 bought the farm. The farm first bought was divided into three tracts and has 
 been in the Kuhn family for 115 years; it is now owned by John J. and 
 Eussell S. Kuhn. Adam Kuhn's grandfather was one of the first set- 
 tlers of Antrim Township. When our subject was twenty-one years old he took 
 up the miller' s trade, worked for William Stitzell about six months, and at 
 Keef er' s mill, near Greencastle, for about nine months. He then returned home 
 and worked at different times at farming, carpentering and masonry. In 1864 
 he moved to Cashtown, this county, and farmed one year. In 1865 he and S. 
 Z. Hawbecker bought a grist-mill at Williamson, and operated it one year; 
 then sold his interest, and moved to Montgomery Township and bought the 
 Henkle mill, and with Jeremiah Witter ran it for three and a half years. He 
 then moved back near Upton, Peters Township, and worked at carpentering 
 and stone quarrying for about two years ; then moved to Upton and resided two 
 years ; thence back to the homestead farm, bought a portion of it and lived there 
 eight years. In the fall of 1883 he moved to Williamson and has since lived 
 there, following carpentering and milling. Mr. Kuhn married, September 17, 
 1862, Elizabeth Hawbecker, and they are the parents of six children: Jennie 
 K. , wife of George W. Atherton, residing at Mercersburg, Lillie C. , Minnie 
 E., Sallie E., Nettie M. and Alwin B. Our subject is one of the prominent men 
 of the township, and quite a genial gentleman. He was drafted in 1862, and 
 was also into the three years' service but furnished substitutes. 
 
 DANIEL KUNKLE, farmer. P. O. St. Thomas, was born in this township 
 in the house where he now resides, February 21, 1823, and is a son of Baltzar 
 and Sarah (Shutt) Kunkle, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. 
 His great-grandfather, Shutt, came from Germany over 100 years ago, and un- 
 loaded under a white oak tree in Lancaster County. His grandfather, Baltzar 
 Kunkle, the first of the Kunkle family to come to this county, which was over 
 100 years ago, bought sixty-four acres of land where Daniel yet lives, and as 
 soon as that vras paid for, bought another farm of 142 acres that belonged to 
 one Burkholder (these farms were both patented, and have been in the name of 
 Kunkle for three generations) ; he lived on this farm until his death. His 
 father Baltzar, was the next to get possession of this farm, and lived here until 
 his death; he was a weaver by trade, and also carried on farming. At this time 
 weaving was a well-paying occupation, and he could make $2 to $3 per day; 
 he died July 8, 1853. Our subject was the next to take possession of this farm. 
 He bought his grandfather's 142-acre farm, where his son George now lives. 
 He was reared on the homestead, has always lived on it, and received his 
 education in the subscription schools. He married, November 15, 1849, Eliz- 
 abeth Heckman, and they are the parents of six children, five of whom are liv- 
 
912 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 ing: Daniel W. (married to Candace Every), Cyrus M. (single), George M. 
 (married to Anna Eosenberry), Michael G. (single) and Mary E. (single). Mr. 
 Kunkle has held the office of supervisor for two years. He held it at the time 
 of the starting of the Franklin furnace; the culverts were too light for heavy 
 wagons, so he built a great many new ones; he has also been township auditor 
 for one term. Mr. and Mrs. Kunkle are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 Mr. Kunkle is one of the prominent men of Franklin County. Politically he 
 has been a Democrat all his life, and cast his first vote in 1845 for James K. 
 Polk. 
 
 JOSEPH MARTIN, farmer, P. O. Edenville, was born in Franklin County, 
 Penn., May 14, 1841, and is a son of Joseph and Mary (Mishy) Martin, natives 
 of Lancaster County, Penn., and of German descent. His grandfather, a 
 farmer, lived and died in Lancaster County, where he was among the first set- 
 tlers. Our subject's father was born in Lancaster County, and when about 
 twenty-one years of age moved to Franklin County and located near Leiters- 
 burg, where he remained several years; moved to St. Thomas Township in 1845, 
 and bouchi. a farm along the North Mountain, built on it and lived there until 
 his death, which occurred in July, 1874. Our subject was reared on a farm, 
 and remained at hprae until he was eleven years of age. His mother being 
 dead, he lived with Mr. Gel wicks for three years, and was then hired out on a 
 farm until twenty-one years of age, when he married, and worked day-work in 
 Hamilton Township three years. In the fall of 1864 he bought a small farm, 
 where he now resides, and on which he built a small house. In this he lived 
 until 1883, and then erected a large two-story frame house, beautifully located 
 near the North Mountain, and its surroundings testify to Mr. Martin's intelli- 
 gence and enterprise. He is now the owner of 123 acres of land. He started 
 out in life a poor, helpless orphan, but by industry, honesty and integrity has 
 acquired a competence, and can now boast of having as good a farm as joins 
 the Mountain. In February, 1865, he enlisted in Company H, Ninety-fifth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served five months, or to the close of the 
 war. He marched under Capt. John S. Carpenter of New Jersey, from Cham- 
 bersburg through to Danville, N. C. , and back to Richmond and Washington, 
 where he was mustered out, and he was discharged at Philadelphia. Mr. 
 Martin married in November, 1861, Mary Shaffer, and six children were born 
 to them: Lavina, married to Jerry Kyle; Salome, married to James "Williams; 
 Mary E., Minnie, Ora I. and Abigail. Mr. and Mrs. Martin are members of 
 the United Brethren Church, of which Mr. Martin is superintendent; also super- 
 intendent of the Sunday-school (union) in Hamilton Township, which is held 
 at North~Hamiltoa Schoolhouse. He is a great worker in the good cause of 
 Sunday -schools and churches, and much credit is due him for the manner in 
 which he conducts the Sunday-schools. 
 
 MA.RTIN MILLER, ex-commissioner, St. Thomas, was born in Frederick 
 County, Md., July 26, 1821, and is a son of Martin and Susanna (Snook) 
 Miller, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Maryland. His father, 
 who was a farmer, but followed wagoning in his younger days, moved to Mary- 
 land when quite young, and located in Frederick County, where he remained 
 until his death; he participated in the war of 1812, and was wounded during 
 his service; he died in 1862, aged eighty-five years. After his father's death, 
 our subject and his brothers kept their mother until she died. She was the 
 mother of thirteen children, nine sons and four daughters, and she lived to see 
 them all grown up and married, except one who died when quite small. Mar- 
 tin, the fourth in the family, remained with his mother, giving her all of his. 
 earnings until he was twenty-five years old. He then worked out on a farm 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 913. 
 
 for himself, and was hired out from a little boy up to 1860. He drove a huck- 
 ster wagon for his brother in Maryland, Washington County, for four years, and 
 saved a little money durihg that time. In 1860 he came to Franklin County, 
 Penn. , located in St. Thomas, and engaged in huckstering. When he first 
 came here he boarded six months, then he rented five years. In 1866 he 
 bought the property where he now resides, and where he has since been located, 
 and also owns fifteen acres adjoining the town of St. Thomas. He bought a 
 farm of 128 acres of land, but sold oflf sixty- eight acres, and now has sixty 
 acres about a mile southeast of St. Thomas. He was engaged in huckstering 
 from 1860 until 1883, when he sold out. In the fall of 1881 he was elected 
 county commissioner on the Democratic ticket, and took his office in January, 
 1882. There were four men on the ticket, two Republicans and two Demo- 
 crats; the highest three get the office, and Mr. Miller received the highest num- 
 ber of votes, which shows he is a very popular man, as the county is Eepub- 
 lican in sentiment. He was married December 24, 1846, to Susanna E. ShuU, 
 a native of Maryland. They are the parents of six children: Milton H., 
 Indiana F., George D., Frisby H,, Martha A. and Susan E. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Miller and family are members of the Reformed Church. Mr. Miller is one- 
 of the prominent and popular men of Franklin County, and has a host of 
 friends. He is now leading a retired life. 
 
 ADAM PHIEL, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in Dauphin Coun- 
 ty, Penn., January 13, 1826, and is a son of Abraham and Margaret 
 (Weaner) Phiel, former a native of Pennsylvania, and latter of England. His 
 grandfather, Jacob, came from Germany when young, and settled in Dauphin 
 County, Penn. , where he was among the early settlers. He bought a farm, on 
 which he lived until his death. Our subject's father, Abraham, was born and 
 reared in Dauphin County, but came to Franklin County in 1834 and settled on 
 the tract that Adam now owns; built on it and there lived until his death in 
 1870. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained at home until twenty- 
 six years of age, when he married and located on the same farm where he 
 lived twelve years ; then moved to where he now lives. He owns ninety acres, 
 on the tract where he resides and another farm of 134 acres in the same town- 
 ship. He was drafted into the service, but paid his commutation. He mar- 
 ried, November 17, 1851, Catherine, daughter of John and Mary (Christman) 
 Brandt. Mr. and Mrs. Phiel are the parents of ten children, five sons and five 
 daughters: John, married to Alice Parker; Margaret, married to Samuel Kinkel;, 
 Mary, married to Jacob A. Bush ; Sarah, married to Samuel A. Shields ; Cath- 
 erine, married to Grant Miller; Adam; Martin; Samuel; Hettie and Harry. 
 The parents are members of the German Baptist Church. In 1858 Mr. Phiel 
 was ordained a minister of his church and served in the pulpit until 1879, 
 when he was ordained a bishop. Since he has been a minister of the church 
 he has added largely to its membership. Mr. Phiel is one of the prominent 
 men of Franklin County. He is an intelligent man and a lover of Christianity. 
 
 ROBERT W. RAMSEY, M. D., St. Thomas, one of the leading physi- 
 cians of Franklin County, was born in Metal Township, this county, August 6, 
 1850, and is a son of John W. and Adeline (Keasey) Ramsey, natives of Penn- 
 sylvania, and of Scotch-Irish descent. His great-grandfather settled in thia 
 county in 1750, and our subject has now in his possession a will made out by him, 
 dated October 4, 1812, which divided his property among his children. John 
 W. Ramsey was a farmer, and died August 8, 1862, when Robert W. was only 
 twelve years old. The latter remained with his mother .until twenty-four years 
 old. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College in 1874 and received a, 
 diploma in the allopathic department. In 1874 he moved to St. Thomas and 
 
9X4 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 went into partnership with Dr. Vantries, who had been practicing at this point 
 for forty years up to the time of his death. Our subject succeeded him m the 
 practice, and has since been the only practicing physician in St. Thomas. He has 
 a very large field to work. He was married April 5, 1877, to Carrie M. , daugh- 
 ter of John M. and Harriet Vantries. Dr. Ramsey is a member of the I. O. 
 O. F., Lodge No. 950, of St. Thomas. In politics he is a Eepublican. Dr. 
 Ramsey is one of the prominent and leading' physicians of Franklin County^ 
 and is widely known throughout the county. He was elected a delegate to 
 the American Medical Association Convention held at St. Louis in January, 1886. 
 
 GEOEGlJ W. SCHLICHTER, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in St. 
 Thomas Township, this county, November 13, 1851, and is a son of Jacob T. 
 and Mary (Mourers) Schliohter, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. 
 His grandfather, Thomas, was American born. Jacob T. is a tailor and miller 
 and also carries on farming. He conducted the mill at Strasburg for several 
 years, then went to St. Thomas and fanned a few years; thence to Letterkenny 
 Township, where he bought a farm and resided thirty-three years, and owned 
 two farms' consisting of 269 acres; he sold one of these, still owning the other. 
 When he was married, one horse and a wagon would have hauled all he owned; 
 but by industry he has acquired quite a fortune, and is now living a retired 
 life in Chambersburg, where he bought property in the spring of 1884. George 
 W. was reared on a farni, and when only three months old was taken by his 
 parents to Letterkenny Township, where he remained with them until he was 
 twenty-seven years old. He then married and remained on the homestead about 
 ■eight years. In 1883 he bought the farm where he now resides, and which 
 consists of 106 acres of valuable land. He moved on it in the fall of 1885. 
 October 8, 1878, he married Sadie E. Cormany, who bore him one child, Simon 
 C. Mrs. Schliohter died in 1882, and November 18, 1884, our subject married 
 Belle M. Gillan. Mr. and Mrs. Schlichter are members of the United Breth- 
 ren Church. There were five children in Mr. Schlichter' s father's family — 
 three sons and two daughters, the latter both deceased. The sons are Rev. 
 Hiram A. , now presiding elder over the upper district of the United Brethren 
 Church; Simon T. and George W. Mr. Schlichter is an active farmer and an 
 «nterprising and intelligent citizen. 
 
 PETER SMALL, farmer, miller and distiller, P. O. St. Thomas, was born 
 in Guilford Township, Franklin Co., Penn., October 6, 1827, and is a son of 
 John and Mary (Secrest) Small, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German de- 
 scent. His father, John, was a farmer, and followed that occupation until his 
 death. Peter was reared on a farm, and remained with his parents until 
 twenty-three years of age, when he married and bought the farm adjoining the 
 one he now owns, where he resided until 1867. He then moved back to Guil- 
 ford Township, adjoining his old home, and lived there eleven years. In 1878 
 he moved to where he now resides, where he owns thirty-nine acres, and has 
 an interest in another farm adjoining. In 1878 he bought the grist-mill, saw- 
 mill and distillery from Albertus Hicks, which he has since conducted, but the 
 distillery is only operated once in a while. Mr. Small has been twice mar 
 ried, and is the father of six children: Charlotte, Minnie A., LuluM., John 
 A. , David V. and Henry C. Mr. Small is one of the prominent men of Frank- 
 lin County. 
 
 JACOB W. SMITH, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in Peters Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co. , Penn. , February 24, 1855, and is a son of Adam and 
 Catherine (Fritz) Smith, natives of Franklin County, Penn., and of German 
 descent. Adam Smith was formerly a farmer, but is now living a retired life 
 in Loudon, aged about fifty-six years. He owns 180 acres of land and prop- 
 
ST. THOMAS TOWNSHIP. 915 
 
 lerty in Loudon. He was drafted into the service, and paid |400 for a substi- 
 tute. Our subject was reared on a farm, and remained at borne until eighteen 
 years of age, when he went to Ogle County, 111., and farmed two years; then 
 «ame back and remained one year; then went to Berrien County, Mich., where 
 he farmed one year. "While there he was married, September 5, 1878, to 
 Anna M. Peck, daughter of Jacob Peck, and they are the parents of three 
 children: Alna M., Charles C. and William E. In 1879 Mr. Smith moved to 
 where he now lives on his father' s farm, and cultivates eighty acres of land. 
 He has one of the finest farms in St. Thomas Township. Mr. Smith is an in- 
 telligent citizen, and has a host of friends. He is a Democrat in politics. 
 
 JOHN H. STICKELL, coachmaker, Williamson, was born in St. Thomas, 
 this county, May 16, 1851, a son of Samuel C. and Elizabeth (Zentmeyer) 
 Stickell, and of German descent. His grandfather, Henry, lived near Marion 
 until his death, at the age of eighty years; he was a carpenter by trade, which 
 he followed all his life. Samuel C. (father of John H.) was born near Marion, 
 where he lived until he was married, when he moved to St. Thomas. He 
 learned the carpenter's trade when young, and followed it all his life. He en- 
 listed in the nine months' service under Capt. Harmon, of Chambersbarg, and 
 at the expiration of his term of enlistment enlisted in Company D, Twenty- 
 first Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, serving two years. He was wounded 
 near Richmond, Va. He had eaten breakfast and lain down to rest, when a 
 sharpshooter shot.him through the left arm, the ball, going in at the elbow and 
 coming out at the wrist and passing on, wounded another man also in the 
 arm, the ball dropping out of his sleeve. Mr. Stickell was taken to the field 
 hospital, then to City Point, New York City ; thence home, where his wound 
 became worse, and he lingered between life and death for some time. The 
 doctor reported him fit to move, and he was ordered to report for duty at 
 Philadelphia, but was obliged to stop at Little York, where he lingered again 
 between life and death for some months. He finally recovered, however, 
 and is now living at the age of sixty years with his son, John H. He 
 was the father of eight children, seven of whom are living. John H. was 
 reared in the vicinity of Upton, and learned the blacksmith' s trade when he 
 was but sixteen or seventeen years old, which he has since followed. He 
 is a natural genius in wood work; can make almost anything that can be made 
 of wood, but makes a specialty of coachmaking. He learned his trade near 
 Upton, but moved to Cashtown in 1872, and remained there until 1876, when 
 he came to Williamson, and here he has since resided. In the spring of 1880 
 he bought a lot and built a neat cottage on the place where he is now living. 
 Mr. Stickell is one of the best workmen in Franklin County, and deserves 
 credit for his enterprise and intelligence in business. He carries on coach- 
 making, and is also engaged in growing water cresses. He is a Republican in 
 politics. 
 
 ADAM M. STEOCK, farmer, P. 0. Edenville, was born in Franklin 
 County, Penn., September 21, 1844, and is a son of Adam and Elizabeth 
 (Myers) Strock, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His father, 
 a farmer, owns 116 acres near St. Thomas, which he rents, and is now living 
 with his daughter, Lydia Croft, the wife of John Croft, Jr. Adam M. Strock 
 was reared on a farm and remained with his parents until twenty-one years 
 old, when he started out for himself and worked for his father two years; he 
 then took shares, farming three years for the third of the crops, and seven 
 years for the half. In the spring of 1880 he moved to where he now lives 
 ■and bought eighty-one acres of land. He was married March 2, 1871, to 
 Eliza, daughter of John and Clara (Swartz) Gelwicks, and they are the 
 
916 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 parents of one child, Clara E. Mr. and Mrs. Strook are members of the 
 Lutheran Church. He is a Democrat in politics, and is a substantial farmer 
 of St. Thomas Township. 
 
 JOHN WALKER, farmer, P. O. Edenville, was born in St. Thomas 
 Township, this county, April 18, 1824, and is a son of George and Jane (Weir) 
 Walker, both natives of Pennsylvania and of Scotch-Lrish descent. His 
 grandfather, Robert, was bom December 25, 1761, in L-eland. He landed 
 at Philadelphia August 22, 1786; settled in what was then Hamilton Town- 
 ship, Cumberland County, now St. Thomas Township, Franklin County, in 
 September of the same year, and bought a farm near Franklin Furnace, 
 where he soon after commenced the erection of the first fulling-mill west of 
 Carlisle. He died April 16, 1837, aged seventy-eight years. Mr. Walker 
 has the first deed of the Wilson farm he now owns, dated in 1779, and which 
 was scorched during the fire when his house was burned, making it almost 
 unreadable. John Wilson paid the enormous sum of £9,000 for 212 acres of 
 land in Continental money. When John Walker bought it he paid 114,627.32 
 for 241 acres. George Walker, our subject's father, was a fuller by trade, 
 but followed farming the most of his life. He owned the place where hia 
 father settled and lived most of his life; he died at the home of his son John, 
 in Hamilton Township, June 13, 1868. Our subject was reared on a farm, 
 and remained with his parents until twenty-three years of age, when he started 
 in life for himself, and rented for several years. He rented a farm from the 
 Wilsons twenty years; then bought it and remained until coming to the place 
 where he now resides. He now owns 143 acres of land where he lives, and a 
 small piece of timber land. He has been twice married; first, March 12, 1846, 
 to Sarah, daughter of William Gillan. They were the parents of seven 
 children: Samuel G., John E., Sarah J., Mary E., Martha, George and Mar-' 
 garet E. Mrs. Walker died November 30, 1869, and Mr. Walker next mar- 
 ried, January 2, 1873, Sarah Shields, a native of Westmoreland County, Penn. , 
 and a daughter of John W. and Rebecca (Craig) Shields, of Scotch-Irish 
 descent. By this marriage was born one son, Thomas W. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Walker are members of the Central Presbyterian Church of Chambersburg. 
 Mr. Walker owns one of the finest farms in St. Thomas Township, and ia 
 quite a prominent citizen of Franklin County. He holds a receipt for money 
 paid, dated February 9, 1765: "Received of Joseph Armstrong £65 in full 
 for 226 acres of land in Hamilton Township, Cumberland County, surveyed 
 to his father by warrant June 15, 1752." Samuel Craig, great-grandfather 
 of Mrs. Walker, and his three eldest sons all served in the Revolutionary war j 
 Mr. Craig was commissary, and the duties of his office called him to Fort, 
 Ligonier, at which place he was taken prisoner by the Indians; on Chestnut 
 Ridge his beautiful bay mare was found dead, perforated by eight bullets. 
 Fragments of paper were found strewn along the path to indicate the direc- 
 tion the Indians took. All efPorts of his family to ascertain his fate were un- 
 availing. Some exchanged prisoners reported afterward that an old man who 
 was a prisoner with them would have been exchanged at the same time if he 
 had not been sick and unable to travel; he may possibly have been Mr. 
 Craig. He resided in New Jersey and removed to Westmoreland County, 
 Penn., in or about 1772. He purchased the beautiful tract of land owned by 
 Thomas Burbndge, situated east of the Loyalhanna. Burbridge had bought 
 the land from the Indians, and the price paid was a few quarts of whisky and 
 some trinkets. He married Elizabeth McDonald, a Scotch lady, and nine 
 children were born to them, of whom two died in infancy. Mrs. Craig and 
 two of her children died of small-pox within the space of three days Before 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP. 917 
 
 liis removal to "Westmoreland County Mr. Craig married an Irish lady, Jane 
 Boyd, by whom he had six more children: Andrew, Joseph, William, Jane, 
 Nancy and Rebecca. 
 
 JACOB B. WENTLING, farmer, P. O. Williamson, was born in Antrim 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., October 30, 1840, and is a son of Jacob and 
 Elizabeth (Beams) Wentling, natives Df Pennsylvania and of German descent, 
 the former of whom, a farmer by occupation, is now living in this county. 
 Our subject was reared on a farm, and remained with his parents until twenty- 
 one years of age, when he hired out for three years. In 1861 he was drafted 
 into Company I, Two Hundred and Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 
 and served nine months. After the expiration of that time he returned home, 
 remaining there one year. He then enlisted in Company B, Two Hundred and 
 Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served nine months. He 
 was in the battles of Fort Steadman and Petersburg; was a faithful soldier and 
 always served in the front line of battle. At the expiration of his time he re 
 turned home and rented for thirteen years. In 1881 he bought eighty-five acres 
 of land where he now resides and which he still owns. He has been twice 
 married: first in 1860 to Catherine Rotz, who bore him one child, now deceased. 
 Mrs. Wentling died in 1861, and in 1865 Mr. Wentling married Mary Carman. 
 They are the parents of thirteen children, seven of whom are living: Anna E., 
 David B. , Catherine, William, Samuel, Ann and Ida. Mr. and Mrs. Went- 
 ling are members of the Eiver Brethren Church. 
 
 DAVID WISE, farmer, P. O. St. Thomas, was born in Peters Township, 
 Franklin Co., Penn., August 23, 1850, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth 
 (Lininger) Wise, both natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. His 
 grandfather, John, came from Lancaster County to Franklin County at an 
 early day and located in Path Valley. His father, Samuel, was born in Lan- 
 caster County, but left there when quite young and located in Peters Town- 
 ship, near Loudon, where he is yet engaged in farming. John Wise' s great- 
 grandfather, John, came from Germany at an early day and settled in Lancaster 
 County, where he remained until his death. He was an early settler of that 
 county, coming there when the red man was yet to be seen. David Wise was 
 reared on a farm and remained at home until twenty-three years of age, when 
 he began life for himself and worked out two years. He then married, rented 
 a farm from T. B. Kennedy and remained three years. He then moved to 
 Guilford Tovraiship and rented from the same man for eight years, then bought 
 a farm of ninety-one acres, known as the ' ' Zent farm, ' ' where he remained one 
 year; then sold out and bought a farm in the spring of 1886, where he now 
 resides. It is well improved, with good buildings, etc. , and is all under cul- 
 tivation. He owns sixty-eight acres, but cultivates 128 acres, of which a part 
 belongs to M. Miller. He married, September 6, 1874, Clara E. Hocken- 
 smith, of Fulton County, Penn., and they are the parents of two children: 
 William E. and Martha B. Mr. Wise is an intelligent and enterprising citizen 
 of Franklin County. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP AND BOROUGH OF 
 ORRSTOWN. 
 
 HARRY BRENNEMAN, dealer, P. O. Shippensburg, was born November 
 18, 1842, two and one-half miles east of Carlisle, a son of Elias Brenneman, 
 
918 BIOGEATHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 who came from Lancaster County, Penn. , and was a son of Melchior and May^ 
 (Baughman) Brenneman, and is still living. The latter came from Lebanon 
 County, and is of German descent Elias Brenneman married Mary Hertzler, 
 and nine children were born to them. Harry, our subject, was educated in. 
 Cumberland County and reared on a farm. October 30, 1867, he married Miss 
 Adeline, daughter of Henry and Eliza (Wolf) Shuman, and they have five chil- 
 dren: Elsie A., Emma L., Flora Idella, Charley M. and Clara A. He farmed 
 on the old Shuman place for some nine years; then came to Shippensburg and 
 has since been dealing in stock, especially in horses, buying chiefly in Virginia 
 and the West, keeping his stables in Shippensburg. The last eight years he has 
 been auctioneering in Cumberland and Franklin Counties. Politically he is 
 identified with the Republican party. Henry Shuman, a son of Henry Shu- 
 man, Sr. , was born near Orrstown, this county ; he was a farmer, and owned 
 150 acres of land, where he died, aged sixty-eight years, August 27, 1872. He- 
 married Barbara Martin, and after her death married Eliza Wolf (who survives 
 him), a 'daughter of Leonard and Anna (Kimmel) Wolf. Our subject and wife- 
 are members of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 WILLIAM F. CRAMER, farmer, P. O. Orrstown, was born October 5, 
 1829, in Southampton Township, Franklin Co., Penn. ; the family are of Ger- 
 man origin. The grandfather, Peter Cramer, was a farmer in Cumberland. 
 County, Penn., where he died; his son, John Cramer, was bom in Cumberland 
 County, and married Rebecca Brown, who died at the age of eighty-seven 
 years, the mother of three children: Peter, John and William F. Our subject; 
 was educated in this county, and has followed farming all his life, he owns a. 
 a farm of 177 acres in Letterkenny Township, this county. He first married 
 Harriet Wallace, who died at the age of thirty-three years. His present vrife> 
 is Mary E. Wallace, a sister of his first wife and a daughter of James and 
 Mary (Reynolds) Wallace. Mr. and Mrs. Cramer are members of the Luther- 
 an Church. Politically he is a Democrat. He leads a retired life, though 
 he farras a little on a tract of twenty-one acres near town. 
 
 SAMUEL HOOVER, farmer, P. O. Middle Spring, Cumberland County, 
 was bom December 4, 1827, in Cumberland County, Penn. His forefathers 
 were Germans and settled in Pennsylvania. His great-grandfather, Christian 
 Hoover, a native of Germany, came to this country in an early day; the names 
 of his children are John, Martin, Christian, Peter Daniel and David; Catha- 
 rine, married to Abraham Martin (moved to New York State), and Magdalene 
 Kries, who lived and died in Pennsylvania. Our subject's grandfather, Martin 
 Hoover, lived in Adams County, Penn., and married Mary Graybill of York 
 County. In 1816 he came to Cumberland County, where he died on th& 
 homestead of a stroke of apoplexy, at the age of sixty-seven years; his widow 
 died m 1854. They were the parents of eleven children: John, Christian, 
 Joseph, David, Nancy, Fannie, Leah, Maria, Samuel, Joel and Benjamin Of 
 these, John came to Franklin County in 1829 and died in the spring of 1877 
 He was a good farmer, a member of the River Brethren denomination. Our 
 subject s mother, wee Catherine Shullenberger, died in 1872 aged sixty-nin» 
 years. Their children were Samuel, Benjamin, Martin, Mary and Elizabeth. 
 Our subject was educated in Lurgan Township, this county, and all his life 
 has followed faming at which he has been successful. He has two farms, 
 
 T^ t T, wfi ^ 5*^^'' °^ ^^^ ^''^^'- ^« °^^"ied Miss Fanny, daughter of 
 Jacob Brechbill, and a native of near Chambersburg, this countv Bv this 
 umon there are seven children: Aaron B., Noah, John M., Samuel S , Levi 
 T., Henry J. and Mary C. (the wife of Samuel Wenger). Mr and Mrs 
 Hoover are members of the River Brethren denomination of which he was 
 ordamed a minister in 1880. Politically he is a Republican. 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP. 919, 
 
 ROBEBT CLARK JOHNSTON, farmer, P. O. Shippensburg, was born 
 May 8, 1831, on a farm on the old Chambers road, where his father, Squire 
 Johnston, then resided. His great- grandfather, John Johnston, came from 
 Ireland, but was of Scotch descent, and settled in Southampton Township, 
 Franklin Co. , Penn. , prior to the Revolution. He bought many hundred acrea 
 of laud, became wealthy and married a Miss Edmundson, who died at the age 
 of eighty-four years. Two of his sons fought in the Revolution, and one of 
 them, John, was taken prisoner in a church in Philadelphia, and died proba- 
 bly of neglect or starvation. Another son, Benjamin, was born in this county, 
 and died here at the age of seventy-four years. He farmed on the old home- 
 stead and married Jane Breckenridge, a daughter of John and Sarah (Cul- 
 bertson) Breckenridge. The latter, who was one of the Culbertsons of ' ' Cul- 
 bertson's Row," died aged sixty-four years, the mother of the following 
 named children: John, James, Robert, Joseph, Samuel, George, Margaret 
 (married Adam Snoddy and died at the age of seventy-four years), Sally and 
 Rebecca. George Johnston was an extensive farmer, and died in May, 1884, 
 aged eighty-five years. He married Sarah, a daughter of Robert Clark; she 
 died young, leaving the following named children : Elizabeth, Jane, Robert C. 
 (our subject), Joseph, Rebecca and James. The Johnstons were members of 
 Rocky and Middle Springs Presbyterian Church. George was a Democrat, 
 and served as justice of the peace for many years ; was appointed by the gov- 
 ernor, but afterward elected by the people. Our subject was educated here 
 and all his life has followed agi-icultural pursuits. He married Miss Martha, 
 daughter of John Orr, of Orrstown, this county, a member of the pioneer 
 Orr family, and their children are Jane, Lucy, Robert and Elizabeth. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Johnston are members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically he 
 is a Democrat. 
 
 GEORGE V. JOHNSTON, farmer, P. O. Shippensburg, was born March 
 9, 1835, in Southampton Township, this county, a sou of John and Mary 
 (Vance) Johnston. The grandfather, George Johnston, lived on the Harris- 
 burg and Chambersburg pike, where he and his wife died, he at the age of 
 sixty-two, and she aged sixty-five years. They were the parents of twelve 
 children. The grandfather farmed on a large scale, having several hundred 
 acres; he was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and politically an old 
 line Whig. His son John settled where our subject now resides, and farmed, 
 but lived the last fifteen years of his life in Shippensburg, where he died at 
 the age of eighty years. He was a Republican and filled township and county 
 offices, among which was that of county commissioner; he was a Presbyterian. 
 His first wife was Mary, daughter of John and Margaret (McCulloch) Vance, 
 residents of Palling Spring, near Chambersburg; she died at the age of forty- 
 six the mother of five children: Margaret, Mary, Anna, George V. and John 
 E. His second wife was Amanda Otis, who is yet living in Shippensburg. 
 George V. , our subject, was educated at the schools of his native county, and 
 at Shippensburg Academy; he was a farmer in early life, and in 1858 went to 
 Shippensburg where he engaged in the hardware business for five years. In 
 1878 he once more returned to the old place of 160 acres where he has since 
 resided. He married in Shippensburg, Miss Abbey, a daughter of Dr. Willjam 
 Rankin, a pioneer of that place. Two children were born to them : William 
 Rankin, born February 12, 1872, and John V. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston are 
 Presbyterians. He is identified with the Republican party. 
 
 JAMES JOHNSTON, farmer, P. O. Shippensburg, was born in May 1849, 
 on the old family homestead in Southampton Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , 
 a son of George and Sarah (Clark) Johnston. (For ancestral history see sketch 
 
■920 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of E. C. Johnston.) He was educated in tbis county and has followed farm- 
 ing, and is now the owner of two fine farms, one containing 122 acres and the 
 t)ther 102 acres. He married Martha J., a daughter of Samuel E. and Mary 
 (McFern) Baker, old settlers of Franklin County, and who now reside in 
 Cumberland County, Penn. To Mr. and Mrs. Johnston were born the follow- 
 ing named children: Albertha, George, Edward, Albert, Joseph, William, Ar- 
 thur and Benjamin. Politically Mr. Johnston is a Democrat, as were also his 
 ancestors. 
 
 SAMUEL KNISLEY, retired, Orrstown, was born March 8, 1826, in Cum- 
 berland County, Penn. The family were first represented in America by three 
 brothers who came from Switzerland. The grandfather was bom in York 
 County, Penn. ; his son, Jacob, married in Cumberland County, where he 
 taught school and also engaged in milling. In 1828 Jacob came to Frank- 
 lin County and farmed in Southampton Township; he died in Orrstown, in 
 1846, aged forty-seven years. He was an active member of the Church of God, 
 a deacon; was also a member of the building committee who erected the church 
 in Orrstown, and was one of the original trustees. He married Leah, daugh- 
 ter of Ephraim Bear. She is still living with our subject, and is now eighty 
 years old. Her children were Samuel, Mary A. , Catherine and Jacob B. , who was 
 killed in the late Rebellion at the battle of Chancellorsville. Our subject was 
 educated in this county. In early life he followed farming, and at the age of 
 fifteen learned the tailor's trade. In 1855 he entered mercantile business, 
 "which he followed for nearly thirty years. His first wife was Martha Straw- 
 bridge, and after her' death he married Mrs. Laura H. Mountz, wee Bricker, of 
 Cumberland County, Penn. Mr. Knisley is a member of the Church of God; 
 was a member of the first Sabbath-school, which he assisted in organizing in 
 August, 1846; has since been an officer or a teacher, and has been superin- 
 tendent for many years. Politically he is a Eepublican ; in 1871 he was elected 
 to the office of county treasurer and served two terms to the satisfaction of all. 
 He received a majority of thirty votes in his own township, which is strongly 
 Democratic. 
 
 JACOB KOSER, retired, Shippensburg, was born November 17, 1827, in 
 Southampton Township, this county. His ancestors were French Huguenots, 
 who settled in Lancaster County, Penn., where the grandfather, Jacob, was 
 born and there died. Jacob married a Miss Bittner, who bore him sev- 
 eral children, and his son, Jacob, born in Lancaster County, came to Franklin 
 County about 1806, settled in Southampton Township and carried on farming 
 the latter part of his life; in early life he followed shoemaking many years; he 
 married Elizabeth Plasterer, a native of Lancaster County, Penn. , "and died 
 here at the age of seventy -three years; he died when nearly seventy years old. 
 Of his ten children five are living: Mary, Samuel, Lydia, David and Jacob. 
 The subject of this sketch was educated in his native county and followed 
 agricultural pursuits until 1874, when he moved to near Shippensburg, and for 
 the last year has lived in the city, superintending his farm. He married twice 
 m Cumberland County. His first wife was Susan Cressler, who died shortly 
 after marriage. His second marriage was with Elizabeth Wingert, a daughter 
 of John and Catherine (Zimmerman) Wingert. Our subject has two children: 
 John J. and Newton A. The former is a physician in the borough of Ship- 
 pensburg, and the latter is in the drug business in California. Mr. Koser is a 
 Republican m politics; also a member of the Church of God 
 
 ^^^fit^^^^.^-^^^^^' ^^'^"«^' ^- O- SliiPPensburg, was born Janu- 
 ary lb, 1825, on the Kyner homestead in this township. His grandfather, 
 ■Conrad, came from Germany and settled in Culbertson's Row, where he lived 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP. 921 
 
 and died. He married a Miss Stumbach, and had a family of seven children. 
 Of these, George lived in the Row in early life, married and moved to the 
 Slate Hills, where he owned a farm, and bought 150 acres from Ben Eeynolds, 
 an old settler, and died at the age of ninety years. He was a Whig, and a 
 member of the Lutheran Church, as was also his wife, nee Miss Nye, who died 
 young, the mother of four children: Mary, Catherine, Margaret and John. 
 His second wife was Mary Shields, a native of this county, and a daughter of 
 John Shields, a native of Ireland, but of Scotch descent. She died in Ship- 
 pensburg, aged eighty-five years, the mother of the following named children: 
 Jane A. Marshall, Euphemia C. Duncan, Anna McCormic, Dr. David T. and 
 Alexander W. Our subject was educated in the schools of his native county, 
 and has followed farming all his life. He first married Elizabeth Fogelsonger, 
 who died at the age of twenty-five years. His present wife is Elvira, a daugh- 
 ter of Joseph Reed of Adams County, Penn. , and of an old pioneer family of 
 Scotch-Irish descent. Their children are Elizabeth E., Euphemia C. and 
 George A. Mrs. Kyner is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Kyner 
 is a Republican. He has about 400 acres of land which he has greatly im- 
 proved. Mrs. Mary (Shields) Kyner was a member of the old Covenanter 
 Church, as was also her mother, who was Jane Thompson of an old Scotch 
 family, who settled near Scotland, Franklin County. 
 
 DR. A. K. LEBERKNIGHT, P. O. Orrstown, was born June 4, 1850, 
 in Hamilton Township, this county, where his father still resides. His grand- 
 father, Frederick Leberknight, who was of German descent, died in Maryland. 
 His son Daniel, a farmer by occupation, father of our subject, came to Hamilton 
 Township, Franklin Co. , Penn. , in an early day. He married Miss Susan Kuhn, 
 who died in 1856 aged forty-six. Their children are Daniel, Frederick, John and 
 Adam K. ; of these, John died at the age of twenty -two years. The father 
 married for his second wife Miss Elizabeth Holland, a native of this county, and 
 who died in 1885. The children born to this union are James M. ; Mrs. Mar- 
 tha Deck and Mrs. Susan Shuman. Our subject was reared and received his 
 early education in his native county. He then read medicine with Dr. F. B. ■ 
 Leberknight of Newburg, Cumberland Co. , Penn. ; later he attended lec- 
 tures at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and graduated in the spring 
 of 1878. He then spent one year at Newburg, after which he came to Orrs- 
 town, Franklin County, where he is now the only physician in the place, and 
 has a lucrative practice. He first married Elizabeth Easton, who died at the 
 age of twenty, the mother of one child, Adam Miller. His present wife is 
 Alice R. , daughter of Peter Keef er, and they have two children, Charles K. , 
 and Hattie L. Politically the Doctor is identified with the Democratic party. 
 The family attend the services of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 JAMES LINN (deceased) was born July 30, 1820, on the old homestead 
 of the pioneer Linn family, in Lurgan Township, this county. He was a son of 
 William and Mary (Galbraith) Linn, was educated in Lurgan Township and at 
 the age of nine years came to Southampton Township, this county, where he also 
 attended school. He followed farming, was very successful, owning 284 acres 
 of land, known as one of the best farms in the county; was a Democrat and served 
 as supervisor, and also held other township offices. November 28, 1876, he mar- 
 ried Miss Jennie E., a daughter of James and Margaret B. (Steele) Cpffey, latter 
 a native of Franklin County. Four children were born to this union : James Mc- 
 Carroll, William G. Floyd E. and Mary Bell. The Linn family were Pres- 
 byterians, and Mrs. Jennie Linn, subject's widow, is also a Presbyterian. 
 Her husband's father and brother were elders of the Middle Spring Presby- 
 terian Church. William Linn was one of the Baltimore defenders in the war of 
 
 52 
 
922 BIOGEAFHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1812. Mrs. Linn's four brothers are James, Samuel B., George W. and 
 Gilson K. Coffey. Of these Samuel B. was educated in this county and learned 
 the printer's trade at the office of the Sentinel in Shippensburg; later was edit- 
 or of the Clarion Democrat of Clarion County, Penn., and now resides in 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 JAMES M. MAIN, farmer, P.O. Shippensburg, was bom October 13, 1836, 
 in Cumberland County, Penn. , where his father had lived several years. His 
 ancestors were born in Scotland, but later removed to Ireland, whence the 
 grandfather, Marshall Main, emigi*ated to America and settled in Southampton 
 Township, this county, on the farm which is yet owned by his grandchildren. He 
 bought from the Government 700 or 800 acres of land, which is now divided into 
 four farms and owned by his grandchildren. He died at the age of sixty years, 
 a member of the Presbyterian Church. He had four children, of whom William 
 M. was born on the farm, followed agricultm-al pursuits, and married Sarah H. , 
 daughter of Obediah Patterson, of an old family. She died August 15, 1881, 
 aged^venty- eight years, two months and nineteen days, the mother of three 
 children^ Aim Mary and Sarah H., both residing in NewvDle, and James M. 
 The fathOT was an elder in the United Presbyterian Church at Newville, Cum- 
 berland Co., "Penn. ; politically he is a Republican. He died in the house now 
 occupied by our subject September 27, 1882, aged seventy -two years. Our 
 subject was reared on ihe farm and educated at the schools of his native town- 
 ship and at Carlisle, Penn. After his school days he conducted a store, which 
 his father had opened for him in Mainsville, where he had also erected several 
 houses, the town being named for the family. He kept the store from June, 
 1866, until a month before his father's death, when he sold out and came to- 
 the farm where he now resides and where he has since remained. He mar- 
 ried Anna M. , a daughter of Thomas and Catherine (Ryan) Sjbbet, the former 
 a native of the North of Ireland, the latter of Cumberland County, Penn. , a 
 daughter of Timothy and Rachel (Williamson) Ryan, natives of Ireland. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Main have three children living: William Thomas, Wilson L. and 
 Harper P. ; two died in infancy, and Sarah Roberta died at tiie age of ten years. 
 Our subject and wife axe members of the United Presbyterian Church. He is a 
 Republican, owns 136 acres of land, and property in Mainsville; also some 
 timber land on the mountain. 
 
 JAMES M. MAIN, farmer, P. O. Shippensburg, was bom July 30, 1847, 
 on the old homestead of the Main family in Southampton Township, Franklin 
 Co. , Penn. He is a son of Marshall Main, who was also bom there, and died 
 there May 4, 1868, aged fifty- four years. The latter was a farmer, and owned 
 about 314 acres of land and also some timber land. He married Sarah N., 
 daughter of Thomas Bell, of Cumberland County, Penn. She died here Sep- 
 tember 10, 1854, aged forty- five years, the mother of seven children: Mrs. 
 Jane Mary Hayes, Thomas B. (who was killed in the army), William J., James 
 M., Mrs. Sarah M. Fuller, John D. (near Newville, Cumberland County) and 
 Robert K. (in Minnesota). The parents were members of the old seceders' 
 church at NewviUe, Cumberland County. The father was a Democrat and a 
 strong Union man. His son, Thomas B., was a captain, and served nearly 
 through the whole of the war; enlisting at the age of eighteen, he was nearly 
 three years in the Third New York Cavalry, and was killed in the service 
 while captain of Company A. Our subject was reared on the farm and edu- 
 cated in Cumberland and Franklin Counties. He has followed farming all his 
 life, and now owns 153 acres of land. He married Miss Ella R., daughter of 
 Robert F. McCune, and their chUdren are Sarah B., R. Marshall, Charles. 
 Oscar and Joseph S. Mr. and Mrs. Main are members of the Presbyterian 
 Church. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP. 923 
 
 J. H. McCULLOCH, farmer, P. O. Middle Spring, Cumberland County, was 
 born March 5, 1822, in Newton Township, Cumberland Co., Penn. The 
 great-grandfather, James McCulloch, immigrated to America when a young 
 man, and settled in Cumberland County, Penn. He was a farmer there, and 
 the fourth generation now possesses the land he owned and improved, William 
 R. McCulloch, a brother of our subject, now owning it. James McCulloch 
 was a member of the Presbyterian Church; he had three sons and three daugh- 
 ters; James, John, William, Sarah, Jane, and Mrs. McCormick. Of these 
 James was a thrifty farmer, a member of the United Presbyterian Church. 
 He married Mary Henderson and both died on the homestead, their children 
 were John, Thomas, William, James, Sarah, Eliza, Mary J. and Margaret. 
 Of these John was born on the homestead and died there in 1866 aged seventy- 
 three years. He was an elder in the United Presbyterian Church ; married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Clark, formerly the owner of the Linn property 
 in Franklin County. She died near the homestead in Newton Township in 
 1845, aged forty-five, leaving six children: Robert, James H., Thomas, Mrs. 
 Elizabeth Mickey, William R. and Charles. Of these James H. was educated 
 in the log schoolhouses of his native county. In the spring of 1867 he came 
 to Southampton- Township, this county, and bought a farm of 145 acres from 
 Adam Shoemaker, better known as the "oldx Montgomery farm," which is 
 kept in a high state of cultivation. He first married Sarah Mickey, who died 
 at the age of thirty- two years the mother of the following named children: 
 John C. , Thomas J. and Alexander S. , all farmers. He next married Mrs. 
 Mary Mateer, nee Kelso, and their children are Belle C, William M. and 
 Mary E. (wife of D. S. Woodburn). Mr. and Mrs. McCulloch are members of 
 the Presbyterian Church. Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 DAVID L. POWDERS, retired, Orrstown, was born April 23, 1841, in 
 Orrstown, Franklin Co. , Penn. His grandfather, John Powders, came from 
 Lancaster County, and settled in the southern part of the State, and while 
 freighting, he disappeared, team and all, and was never again heard of. The 
 family are of German extraction. John Powders, our subject's father, came 
 to this county at the age of seven years, and remained with an old Dunkard 
 minister until he was fifteen. He then returned to Cumberland County, where 
 he learned his trade, and at the age of twenty-one came again to Franklin 
 County. His wife, Mary, daughter of David Lesher, died here in August, 
 1881, aged sixty-seven years, the mother of six children, David L. and Lydia, 
 wife of Joseph Karper, surviving. Our subject was educated here and in the 
 agricultural College at Centre County, Penn. He taught school a number of 
 terms. He also learned and followed the shoemaker's trade. He enlisted in 
 the nine months' service in the fall of 1862, in Company D, One Hundred 
 and Twenty-sixth Regiment. In the fall of 1864 he was appointed recruiting 
 officer and assisted in forming Company F, Two Hundred and Seventh Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers; was elected first lieutenant of the company and served 
 until the close of the war. He assisted in the battles of Fredericksburg and 
 Chancellorsville and minor engagements, also in the capture of Fort Stead- 
 man, siege of Petersburg and others of less importance. After the war he re- 
 turned to Orrstown and engaged in mercantile business ; also was postmaster un- 
 til 1874, when he removed to Sac County, Iowa, and farmed until the spring 
 of 1884, when he returned to the old home. He received injuries in the serv- 
 ice which caused him to lead a retired life, and for which he draws a pension 
 from the Government. He married in the fall of 1865 Miss MattieE., daugh- 
 ter of Jacob and Martha (Bowman) Bear, and they have three children. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Powders are members of the Church of God. Politically he is a 
 Democrat. 
 
"924 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 SIMON P. SHIELDS, farmer, P. O. Orrstown, was born May 20, 1824, 
 in Letterkenny Township, this county. His great-grandfather, Arthur Shields, 
 «migrated from Ireland and settled in York County, Penn., about 1730; his 
 son, Thomas Shields, born in York County, Penn., came to Franklin County 
 and settled in Amberson's Valley, where he died; he had several children, one 
 of whom, Arthur, came to Letterkenny Township, where he farmed and also 
 followed milling. He (Arthur) died in that township at the age of sixty-two 
 years and eleven months. He married Catherine, daughter of Philip Shuman, 
 and she died in Lurgan Township at the age of seventy-eight years the mother 
 of the following named children: Catherine, Barbara A., Isabella, William, 
 Simon P. , Eliza, Maria and Andrew. Of these Simon P. was educated in this 
 county, and in early life followed plastering for about fifteen years. He has 
 since been engaged in farming and has a farm of 160 acres. He married 
 Miss Susan, a daughter of Jacob Wise, of an old pioneer family. Their chil- 
 dren now living are Jenetta, David H. and Joseph B. (the latter is in Kansas 
 and David H. is on the farm in Lurgan Township, this county). Mr. and Mrs. 
 Shields are members of the Lutheran Church. Politically he is a Democrat 
 and. has served as auditor, judge of election and member of the school board. 
 
 JOHN SHOAP^ farmer, P. O. Shippensburg, was born November 30, 1819, 
 in Cumberland County, Penn. His grandfather, Nicholas Shope (as the name 
 was then spelled), a blacksmith, came from Germany and settled in this county. 
 He was married, reared several children and died near Roxbury. His son, 
 William Shope, who was a farmer, died in Cumberland County, when over 
 ninety years of age. He married Nancy Gerrick, who also died there, the 
 mother of the following named children: Maria, Betsey, Agnes, John, Martha, 
 William and Ann. Of these, John Shoap, our subject, was reared on the 
 farm and has followed a^ricultui-e all his life. In 1849 he married, and 
 resided three years in Mifflin Township, Cumberland County; later came to 
 Franklin County and farmed one year on the John Smith place. In the 
 spring of 1854 he came to the fai-m of Dr. Rankin and carried it on for nine- 
 teen years. It was then sold to Mr. McClean, and Mr. Shoap still remains as 
 a tenant. He proposes to relinquish farming the coming spring (of 1887) and 
 remove to the borough of Shippensburg. His wife is Barbara A. , daughter of 
 Samuel Heberlig, of Cumberland County, Penn. , and their children are Sam- 
 uel H., Mary C, S. Ann, Hannah J., William John, David R., Emma E. and 
 Edward. Mary C. married William Kitzmiller, and is now deceased. ' Mr. 
 Shoap is identified with the Democratic party. The family attend the worship 
 of the German Reformed Church. 
 
 HENDERSON G. SKTLES, farmer, P. O. Shippensburg, was born Jan- 
 uary 25, 1825, in Newton Township, Cumberland Co., Penn. His grandpar- 
 ents were of Scotch-Irish descent, and lived in Lancaster County, where their 
 son Davis was born, and married Miss Elizabeth Moore, of Perry County, 
 Penn., who died at the home of her son, our subject, in this county, at the age 
 of sixty-eight years. She had four children: Mrs. Margaret Cppe, Henderson 
 G. , Mrs. Martha W. McPherson and D. W. Davis Skiles worked at his trade, 
 blacksiBithmg, in Cumberland County, and finally came to Franklin County, 
 where he followed farming and died at the age of fifty years. He and his 
 -wife were members of the Presbyterian Church, as were also their children 
 Politically he was a Democrat. Our subject was educated principally in Cum- 
 berland County and follows farming, now owning 105 acres, well improved 
 He married, in Shippensburg, Miss Martha A. Snodgrass, and their children 
 are James W., married to Miss Jane Bard (they have four children- Libbv M 
 Bruce H. , Gurtty B. and Mary E. ) ; Howard C. , married to Miss Sarah Ranshaw 
 
SOUTHAMPTON TOWNSHIP. 925 
 
 (they had four children: Henderson J., Estella F., Elnora M. and Lizzey C), 
 and Estella M., the wife of Gilson CofPey, of Dry Eun. Politically Mr. Skiles 
 is a Democrat. The family are connected with Middle Spring Church. 
 
 WILLIAM B. SMITH, farmer, Orrstown, was born October 27, 1833, 
 near Strasburg, Franklin Co., Penn., and is a son of William L. Smith, 
 who was born, reared and educated in Litchfield, Conn. , and at the age of 
 twenty, in company with four others, came to Pennsylvania. Here they 
 engaged in the notion business and traveled all over the country. George- 
 Smith, the brother of William L. , settled finally in Philadelphia. William 
 L. settled at Mechanicsburg, Penn., and then came to this county, locating^ 
 near Strasburg, where he married before he went to Mechanicsburg. In the- 
 fall of 1842 he settled in Orrstown, where he was a farmer and merchant. He 
 and his wife were active members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically h& 
 was an old line Whig. He married Mary A. Bigler, a full cousin of Gov. 
 Bigler, of Pennsylvania, and of John Bigler, governor of California. William 
 L. Smith died in Orrstown, March 10, 1872, aged sixty-nine years. His 
 widow still resides in Chambersburg, at the age of seventy-seven years. Th© 
 following children were born to them: Mrs. Nancy J. Blair, deceased; William 
 Bigler; Mrs. Ann E. Kinter, of Millerstown; Mrs. Miranda L. Means, of 
 Middle Spring, Cumberland Co., Penn., and Mrs. Jennie E. Sharp, of Cham- 
 bersburg, this county. William Bigler Smith, our subject, was educated 
 principally in the schools of his native courity. He was in mercantile business 
 in Shippensburg, and two years after his father' s death was engaged in the 
 hardware business. He then came to Orrstown, and has since been engaged 
 in farming. Here he married Miss Elizabeth, a daughter of Joseph Means, of 
 Cumberland County, Penn., and of an.old Irish family. Five children were 
 bom to this union: Minnie (wife of William Deardorff, of Chambersburg, this 
 county), Anna, Joseph M. . George L. and Jennie E. Smith. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Smith are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has been trustee 
 for twelve years. Politically he is a Eepublican. 
 
 WILLIAM S. ZEIGLEE, farmer, P. O. Middle Spring, Cumberland 
 County, was bom October 10, 1846, in Fannett Township, this county. Hia 
 ancestors came from Germany. His grandfather, Michael Zeigler, lived near 
 Shippensburg, Penn., where he farmed and resided several years; later he 
 moved to Galesburg, 111. , where he died at the home of his son, Isaac Zeigler. 
 He was a resident of Newville, Cumberland Co., Penn., several years be- 
 fore moving west to his son Isaac. His son Henry manipulated a pottery in 
 Newville, Penn. , until his death. His children were William, Isaac, Henry, 
 Michael, Mrs. Susan Walters, Mrs. Mary A. Kegerreis and Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Eeboch. Isaac, Michael and William were tinners. Isaac was married in 
 Path Valley, this county, where he followed his trade and lived until about 
 1856, when he went west and settled in Galesburg, 111. Previously he traveled 
 through different States and Territories. At Galesburg he associated with 
 James Andrews, a former resident of Path Valley, and together they built up 
 quite a trade in the hardware business; he was numbered among the leading 
 citizens of that place. He died in the fall of 1871, aged fifty -one years. He 
 was a member of the Baptist Church; politically a Eepublican. He married 
 Mary A. , daughter of Lawrence and Mary A. (Skinner) Hammond, old settlers. 
 of the valley. Lawrence Hammond was born in Spring Eun in February, 
 1797; was married to Mary Skinner March 16, 1818; moved to. Spring Eun in. 
 April, 1818. There they lived together on the same farm continuously until 
 his death which occurred April 6, 1883. He left to his children property^ 
 amounting tc over $100,000. T.'iey were the parents of fifteen children, and 
 
926 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 had sixty-four grandchildren, 118 greatgrandchildren and five great-great- 
 crrandchildren. His wife, Mary Hammond, has lived to nurse five generations. 
 She is still living (December 4, 1886) with her daughter, Mrs. WiUiam A. 
 Maekey, on the "old homestead." Lawrence and Mary Hammond, in the 
 presence of many relatives, celebrated in 1868 and 1878, respectively, the fif- 
 tieth and sixtieth anniversaiy of their wedding. Mrs. Mary A. Zeigler died in 
 1854. Their children were William S., Mrs. Anna M. Griffith, of Galesburg, 
 111., and Jennie Lind Zeigler, who died in Galesburg in the fall of 1868, aged 
 eitrhteen years. Oar subject was educated in this county, and farmed for bis 
 grandfather Hammond seventeen successive years, until the spring of 1884, 
 in Path Valley. He then removed to Southampton Township, where he owns, 
 two farms and also two store properties in Galesbarg, 111. He first married 
 Hattie Rhodes, who died March 24, 1871, in Path Valley, the mother of one 
 child— Jennie Lind, who died March 24, 1870. His second wife, Rachel P. 
 Hoch, is the mother of one girl— Anna M. Mr. Zeigler is a Democrat, as was 
 also his grandfather; and has filled township offices in Path Valley. 
 
 WARREN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JOSIAH M. GRIBR, farmer, P. O. Sylvan, was born October 8, 1841, in 
 Southampton Township, this county, a son of Josiah and Mary (McLean) 
 Grier. Soon after the birth of our subject, Mr. Grier died, and in 1855 his 
 widow married Jacob Byers; in 1861 they moved to Warren Township. No- 
 vember 28, 1864, Josiah M. enlisted in Company I, eighty-second Regiment, 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the engagements in front 
 of Petersburg, Sailor's Creek, as well as numerous others. At the battle of 
 Sailor's Creek he was wounded, disabled for further duty, discharged and re- 
 turned home. A year later he was so far recovered that he was able to work, 
 and in the autuma of 1867 he married Martha B. , daughter of Solomon and 
 Susan (Stoner) Cook. (Mr. Cook was born and reared in this valley, and is 
 one of the oldest men living in the neighborhood.) The young couple began 
 their domestic life upon the farm where Mr. Grier now resides, and which he 
 purchased in 1866. Here for eighteen years they lived, prospered and reared 
 seven children: Mary M., Elsie N., Crawford C, Solomon Mc, ChaunoeyMc, 
 Calvin S. and Michnel M. In 1884 the death of Mrs. Grier occurred, the 
 first real sorrow that visited the household, and the first link broken in the 
 family circle. Mr. Grier has served as assessor of the township and judge of 
 election at different times. He is Republican by birth and education. He has 
 lately added to the attractiveness of his property by erecting a handsome two- 
 story cottage. His daughters keep house for him. 
 
 JOHN ZIMMERMAN, merchant. Sylvan. In 1800 Jacob Zimmerman came 
 from near Creagerstown, Md. , to Pennsylvania, and later married Martha, 
 daughter of Frederick Smith, one of the early settlers of Bedford'County. 
 After marriage Jacob began domestic life on his father' s farm, which he had 
 previously purchased (the ancestral farm is now the property of Abraham Zim- 
 merman). Later he purchased a farm adjoining Sylvan, on which was a mill 
 built by David John; it was the first erected on Cove Creek and was used only 
 for cheap feed; this was replaced by a grist-mill made of logs, which was, in 
 1838, torn down and a large ' three-story and basement stone-mill erected 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 927 
 
 by Jacob. He was an enterprising and energetic business man, and a prom- 
 inent figure in the early history of the little village. He was the father of 
 twelve children, five of whom are now living: Peter, married to Vina Brewer; 
 John (our subject); Samuel, married to Eliza Kuhn (now deceased); Elizabeth, 
 widow of Frederick Free, and Catherine, widow of George Graham. John 
 Zimmerman was born March 14, 1814. He married Elizabeth Houck, who 
 bore him thirteen children (eleven now living), and who died in 1865. The 
 foDowing are the names of the living children: Kev. William H., who married 
 Ellen Minich (is a Methodist Episcopal minister in Kansas) ; John M. , also 
 married; Martha A., widow of Calvin McCullough; Margaretta, wife of W. 
 Scott McCullough; Hiantha, wife of John Braguner; Georgiana, wife of John 
 McCullough: Jeremiah D., Emmey Bell, wife of Edward Voorhees; Ellen, wife 
 of J. Tolston; Carrie and Seth, unmarried, at home with their father. All 
 ■except the last two named are in the Western States. In 1840 Mr. Zimmer- 
 man commenced mercantile business in Sylvan, and has continued without in- 
 terruption to the present time. He has also been postmaster since 1844. 
 
 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND BOROUGH OF 
 WAYNESBORO. 
 
 C. H. ALBEET, principal of the public schools, Waynesboro, was born 
 in Snyder County, Penn., September 22, 1858, a son of P. S. and Hanna 
 {Lupfer) Albert, and of German and English descent. His father was a 
 farmer and his family consisted of five children, of whom C. H. is the eldest. 
 He was reared by his parents on the farm, where his early education was ob- 
 tained. He afterward attended the missionary institute and later the State 
 normal school at Bloomsburg, where he graduated in 1879, and taught for 
 three years ; then he accepted a position as principal of the schools at Cata- 
 wissa, where he remained two years. He accepted his present position in 
 Waynesboro in 1883, and has but few equals as an instructor. He was united 
 in marriage in 1881 with Anna K. , daughter of George Bell, a native of 
 Washington Coimty, Md., of English origin. They have three children: 
 Keller Bell, Mary Ellen and Charles L. Mr. and Mrs. Albert are membera of 
 the Lutheran Church, he being a teacher of the Bible class in the Sunday-school. 
 Politically he is a Prohibitionist. 
 
 WILLIAM SMITH AMBERSON, dealer in grain and coal, Waynesboro, 
 was born in Mercer County, Penn. , November 11, 1816, son of Presley N. and 
 Sarah (Cunningham) Amberson, natives of Pennsylvania and of English and 
 Welsh descent, respectively, His ancestors were the first settlers of Amber- 
 son's Valley, Franklin Co., Penn. Our subject's grandfather, Amberson, 
 enlisted from this county in the Eevolutionary war, was a commissioned officer 
 and served as ensign on Gen. Washington's staff. At the close of the war he 
 resided in Pittsburgh, Penn. , for a time, but subsequently removed to Mercer 
 County, Penn. Presley N. Amberson (subject's father) was a tanner in early 
 life, but in later years a farmer. W. S. Amberson, the eldest of six children, 
 received his education in the common schools and at the academy in Mercer 
 County, Penn. He remained on the farm with his parents until he was twenty- 
 six years of age, when he engaged as clerk in a store for two years. He came to 
 Waynesboro in 1840 and has since been in mercantile business. For thirty-two 
 
928 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 years he was a partner of Peter Benedict in the dry goods business, but since 
 
 1883 he has dealt in coal and grain, and altogether has been very successful. 
 He married, July 30, 1844, Bosanna Burns, and they had five children, three 
 of whom are now living — one daughter and two sons. For several years Mr. 
 Amberson has been president of the First National Bank of Waynesboro. 
 Politically he is a Eepublican, and served two terms as county auditor of Frank- 
 lin County; was on the school board; at present is a member of town council. 
 Mr. A.mberson is a member of the Presbyterian Church of which he has been 
 elder for many years. 
 
 JA.ME3 B. AMBERSON, physician, of Waynesboro, was born in Waynes- 
 boro, this county, May 14, 1845, and is a son of W. S. and Bosanna (Burns) 
 Amberson, the former a native of Mercer County, Penn. , and the latter of this 
 county. His father was one of the oldest and most prominent merchants in 
 Franklin County. Our subject, the eldest in a family of five children, three 
 of whom are now living — two sons and one daughter — two daughters being de- 
 ceased, was reared in Waynesboro, where he attended the public and private- 
 schools and the academy. The year 1860-61 was spent at Mercersburg Academy, 
 then under the care of Rev. Loose, and in 1861 he entered Westminster Col- 
 lege, New Wilmington, Lawrence Co., Penn., an irregular sophomore, and 
 graduated at that college at its commencement, in 1865. He entered the office 
 of Drs. Benjamin Frantz and I. N. Snivoly, then partners, as a student of 
 medicine the same summer, and in the fall of 1865 entered the medical depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated from there in March, 
 1868. He commenced to practice his profession in Waynesboro, Penn. , in 
 1868. In 1869 and until 1876 he carried on a drug business in connection 
 with his profession. In the spring of 1877, and until the spring of 1880, he 
 etigaged in the practice of his profession exclusively in Walnut Bottom, Cum- 
 berland Co., Penn. By this time Waynesboro had begun to increase very 
 rapidly, and in the spring of 1880 the Doctor returned to Waynesboro. After 
 two years, in 1882, he went into partnership with Dr. A. H. Strickler, who was 
 then in impaired health, and with him he has since been practicing. The Doctor 
 was married December 1, 1873, to Mary K. , daughter of David M. Good, a 
 farmer and merchant of Swiss origin, and the children born to this union are 
 Mary Eva, William Smith, Gurney Good and Ruth Deitrich. Dr. Amberson 
 and wife are consistent members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics he is 
 a Republican. He has served as city auditor of Waynesboro. He is a member 
 of Waynesboro Academy of Medicine and of Franklin County Medical So- 
 ciety. The Doctor's professional skill and gentlemanly demeanor have pro- 
 cured for him a number of the affluent and influential families in Waynesboro 
 and surrounding country. He is a diligent student, deeply attached to the 
 profession of which he is an honorable member. 
 
 E. E. AUGHINBAUGH, jeweler, Waynesboro, was born in Carlisle, 
 Cumberland Co., Penn., April 12, 1861. His parents were of German origin 
 and natives of Cumberland County, Penn. His father was a shoemaker by 
 trade, but in later life kept hotel and dealt in real estate; he is now steward of 
 the State normal school at Shippensburg, Penn. ; his family consisted of two 
 children: A. A. (the elder, is a salesman in a wholesale house in Pittsburgh, 
 Penn.) and E. E. Our subject attended the schools of his native county, and 
 also the State normal at Shippensburg, Penn. At the age of seventeen he 
 commenced learning the jeweler's trade in Harrisburg, Penn., and early in 
 
 1884 came to Waynesboro, this county, and embarked in business on his own 
 account. Mr. Aughinbaugh has now one of the finest business houses in the 
 place. His store, located on the square in the business center of the city, ia 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 929 
 
 well lighted and admirably fitted up. His large and inviting stock consists of 
 fine watches, clocks, jewelry, silver and plated ware, etc. Although a 
 young man, and located in Waynesboro but a few years, he has already built 
 up a good business, of which he may justly be proud. 
 
 HENRY BAER, retired farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in York 
 County, Penn., September 9, 1827, a son of Gabriel and Charlotte (Spangler) 
 Baer, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German origin. The father was a cab- 
 inet-maker and carpenter, at which he continued to work until 1832, when he 
 came to Franklin County and engaged in running a woolen-mill; he died in 
 1859; his widow is still living at the age of eighty-four years. Our subjept is. 
 the second of ten children, and was five years old when his parents moved to 
 this county, where he has since resided except one year (1852) spent in the 
 West. He received a rudimentary education, and was engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits and in his father's woolen-mill until 1856, when he commenced farm- 
 ing for himself. In 1852 he married Mary Ann Stoner (the name was origi- 
 nally spelled Steiner). Her ancestors were Germans and came to Pennsylvania in 
 1751, locating in Franklin County, where they were among the first settlers. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Baer have had seven children, six of whom are living: Emma 
 Louisa (wife of C. B. Newcomer), Samuel E. (resides in the West), Mary 
 Alice, John Henry, Charlotte Myrtle, Susan Neomia. Angeneva is deceased. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Baer are members of the German Baptist Church. In politics 
 he is a Republican; is school director. He is the owner of 150 acres in Wash- 
 ington Township, but has retired from active farm life. 
 
 GEORGE J. BALSLEY, now of Waynesboro, Franklin Co., Penn., was 
 bom in Antrim Township, in said county. His parents, Henry Balsley and 
 Catharine (Snider) Balsley, natives of Adams County, Penn. , came to Franklin 
 County in 1810 and resided in Hamilton Township for a number of years. 
 From there he moved to near Greencastle, Antrim Township, and the family 
 consisted of eight children: Henry, Jr., Margaret, Polly, John, Elizabeth, 
 Sarah, Susan C. and George J. Balsley, all of whom are deceased, except, 
 Polly (now seventy- seven years old), Susan C. (sixty-five years) and George J. 
 (fifty-nine years). Up to 1842 our subject worked on a farm, but finding it 
 too laborious, he went to Mount Hope, a small place, to clerk in a store, 
 remaining there until 1848. He then had a call from one of the most thriving 
 stores in Waynesboro to clerk for George Besore, the leading merchant of that 
 place, with whom he remained for three years, and became a partner of Mr. 
 Josiah Besore for two years; then he engaged in the trade himself in the same 
 town, and afterward took as a partner Mx. George Stover, until 1859, when he 
 sold his interest to his partner, and became a candidate for county treasurer. 
 In the summer of 1861 he received the nomination, and was elected by a ma- 
 jority of 1,061 votes; served as treasurer in 1862-63; was deputy treasurer in 
 1866-67; was deputy collector of internal revenue from 1869 to 1872, and 
 resigning was offered the collectorship, but declined on account of the bond 
 being too heavy for so small pay. He spent time and energy to complete the 
 Baltimore & Cumberland Valley Railroad to Waynesboro, and has since been 
 a director of said road, and secretary of the board. He spent considerable 
 time in getting to Waynesboro the finest water-works the State can boast of, 
 also the introduction of gas, all of which has proved a success. Mr. Balsley 
 has, during the last seventeen years, been living on his farm, a short distance 
 north of the town. He was named as a candidate for the House of Represent- 
 atives in connection with twelve others; received the nomination, and, Novem- 
 ber 2, was elected by the highest vote on the legislative ticket, and he is now 
 a member of the House for 1887-38. 
 
930 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 DAVID BA-RKDOLL, retired farmer, P. O. Midvale, was born in Wash- 
 iacrton County, Md., January 17, 1817, a son of John (a farmer) and Chris- 
 tiana (Hevel) BarkdoU, natives of Maryland, and of German descent. They 
 had a family of twelve children, eight of whom grew to maturity, and of these 
 David is the youngest son. Our subject received his education in Washington 
 Township, and chose the vocation of farming; also learned the tanner's trade, 
 which he followed in connection with farming until 1851; then followed agri- 
 cultural pursuits until 1878, when he retired from active labor but still 
 resides on the farm. He has been remarkably successful, and is the owner of 
 two fine farms of 269 acres of well improved land. He was united in mar- 
 riage in 1844 with Catherine, daughter of Jacob (a farmer) and Catherine 
 (Whippel) Summers, of English and German origin, who reared a family of 
 Bix children, of .which Mrs. Barkdoll is the second child. The children of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Barkdoll areas follows: Elizabeth, wife of James Scott; Salena, 
 wife of David Bachel; and Anna, wife of George Smith. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Barkdoll are members of the Lutheran Church of which he has been elder and 
 deacon. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 JASON BELL, Waynesboro, a member and director of the Geiser Manu- 
 facturing Company, and at present superintendent of agencies and collector, 
 was born in Washington County, Md., May 1, 1841. His parents were George 
 and Mary A. Bell, the former a farmer and a resident of Washington County, 
 Md. , the' latter a native of Lehigh County, Penn. , a daughter of Joseph Mick- 
 ley. George Bell was a farmer, a son of JFrederick Bell, who had thirteen 
 children, all of whom except one grew to be men and women. His ancestors 
 Were German. Mr. and Mrs. George Bell were members of the Lutheran 
 Church. They had nine children: Henry F., deceased, unmarried; Malinda, 
 deceased wife of Daniel Snively, who died without living issue; Jason, sub- 
 ject; Joseph M. , married Miss Catherine Oaks and resides in Franklin County; 
 George M. D. , a farmer, married Miss Charlotta Frantz, resides in White Coun- 
 ty, Ind. ; John A., farmer, married Miss Mollie MiddlekaufF, resides in Wash- 
 ington County, Md. ; Mary E., residing in Waynesboro; Rev. E. K. Bell, mar- 
 ried Miss Jennie McNaull, is the pastor of the first English Lutheran Church 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio; Anna K., wife of Prof. Albert, principal of the Waynes- 
 boro schools. The subject of this sketch worked at farming and attended the 
 common schools of his district and Waynesboro High School until he was 
 twenty-two years of age when he married Miss Helen E. Crebs, a native of 
 Waynesboro, and a daughter of Joseph H. and Anna J. (Brotherton) Crebs, 
 the former a native of Cumberland County, and the latter of Franklin County, 
 Penn. Joseph H. Crebs was a cabinet-maker and undertaker in Waynesboro 
 for a number of years. Mr. and Mrs. Jason Bell have two children: Carrie 
 A., wife of B. F. Foreman, a merchant of Waynesboro; and Joseph C, at 
 present a clerk in the store of Mr. Whitmore, Waynesboro. After his mar- 
 riage Mr. Jason Bell took charge of the homestead farm for five years, when 
 he came to Waynesboro and engaged in the manufacture of farm implements, 
 and in building houses by contract; five years later he moved to Hagerstown, 
 Md. , acted as traveling salesman and solicitor for the Hagerstown Steam En- 
 gine & Machine Company, for three years, when he became identified with 
 the Geiser Manufacturing Company. Mr. Bell is a man of more than ordi- 
 nary ability, and has worked his way up at times under the most adverse and 
 trying circumstances. He enjoys the confidence and respect of all as an hon- 
 est upright gentleman, and ranks among our leading business men. He and 
 his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. It is worthy of mention that 
 the nine sons and daughters of George Bell, the father of Jason Bell, as well 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 931 
 
 as the thirteen children of his grandfather, Frederick Bell, were all consistent 
 members of the Lutheran Church, and every one has been an upright and 
 honorable citizen, and has enjoyed the confidence and respect of all. 
 
 JOSEPH M. BELL, farmer, Washington Township, is a descendant of one 
 of the early settlers of Washington County, Md. Some time toward the close 
 of the last century, Frederick Bell immigrated to that State from Germany and 
 secured the title to a large tract of land adjoining the historic Antietam and 
 Mason and Dixon's line. In the year 1797 he built the large stone farmhouse, 
 still standing near the turnpike leading from Hagerstown to Waynesboro. In 
 the massive thickness of its walls, its generous proportions and generally for- 
 bidding appearance, it embodies the architectural ideas of the projector rather 
 than those commonly in vogue at that period. The proprietor was a man of 
 liberal views, and although his sphere of influence was limited to the country, 
 or perhaps to the immediate vicinity of his residence, his untiring activity in 
 promoting public improvements was seldom ineffectual. He was successful as 
 a farmer, and the fertility of the land originally included in his purchase proves 
 the selection to have evinced his usual good judgment. He was a man of deep 
 religious convictions, and to his practical ideas and earnest efforts may be at- 
 tributed much of that religious activity which has characterized the community 
 in which he lived. When as yet there was no church building at Leitersburg, 
 Md., he publicly stated that he would give |1,000 toward the erection of such 
 a structure. This prompted the liberality of his neighbors, and in 1824 their 
 project assumed tangible form. Sixty years later, when this church was re- 
 modeled, his descendants memorialized his name in an appropriate manner by 
 inscribing it upon a vrindow in the new structure. Frederick Bell was bom 
 June 29, 1768, and died July 3, 1839. He was the father of a numerous family, 
 and many of his descendants have immigrated to the Western States. George 
 Bell, his third son in order of birth, and the father of our subject, succeeded 
 to part of the ancestral homestead. He became an extensive landed proprietor, 
 and operated Esther mills for a number of years. He inherited the religious 
 principles of his father, and was an elder in the Leitersburg Lutheran Church 
 for a long period. His family consisted of nine chOdren, of whom the fourth 
 in order of birth, Joseph M. , was bom October 12, 1843. He began life as a 
 farmer in, 1865, and has continued in this business twenty-one years. He lived 
 first on land which had been reduced to cultivation by his grandfather, but in 
 1876 purchased a farm near Leitersburg, Md. He resided there until 1881, 
 when he removed to his present residence. He has acquired a competency by 
 judicious investments and careful management, and has always sustained an 
 enviable reputation as a practical and progressive farmer. He was married 
 March 7, 1865, to Kate B. (Oaks) Bell. The names of their children and birth 
 of each are as follows: Ida M., January 5, 1866; Herbert C, January 14, 
 1868; Ernest E., May 31, 1870; Geoi^e H., July 29, 1874; Keller J., April 
 6, 1879; Albert L., AprQ 8, 1884. Mrs. Bell's father, Henry Oaks, and 
 mother, Polly (Hess) Oaks, were members of families which are still num- 
 erously represented in this section. Henry Oakes was born September 19, 
 1819, at Mont Alto, this county, and died May 16, 1883. He was a son of 
 a captain of militia in the war of 1812. Mr. Bell has taken considerable in- 
 terest in local religious and educational matters. He has been an officer in the 
 Leitersburg Lutheran Church for some years, and has exerted himself to edu- 
 cate his family. Ida M. Bell entered the Bloomsburg State Normal School in 
 January, 1884, and graduated June 28, 1886. Herbert C. Bell entered the 
 same institution at the same time, and graduated July 2, 1885. Both have 
 subsequently been teachers, the ibrmer at Conyngham, Penn., the latter in 
 
932 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 this township. Herbert C. Bell is now assisting in the preparation of histories 
 of Columbia and Berks Counties, Penn. 
 
 WILLIAM F. BENCHHOFF, P. O. Blue Ridge Summit, proprietor of 
 the "Montana Springs Summer Resort," located near the highest point in this 
 county, was born on the farm where he now resides, September 4, 1826, a son 
 of John and Sarah Ann (Miller) BenchhofF, the latter a daughter of Fritz 
 Miller, and of German descent. Our subject's great grandfather was among 
 the early settlers of Pennsylvania, and located in Johnstown. His maternal 
 great-grandfather was a soldier in the Revolution. John Benchhoff, subject's 
 father, a farmer by occupation, died October 26,1874, in his ninety-fourth year. 
 He was among the early settlers of this county and ha4 a family of fourteen 
 children, twelve of whom grew to maturity.. Of this number "William F. is 
 the sixth. Our subject was reared on the farm, followed agricultural pursuits 
 until 1876, and since then has been keeping a summer resort and speculating 
 in real esbate in company with Judge Kimmeli, of Chambersburg. They bought 
 the land where Blue Ridge Summit Station is situated, laid off a town, and are 
 selling towa lots. Financially Mr. Benchhoff has been successful. He owns 
 the farm where he resides, also 100 acres of land in Adams County. He was 
 married in 1846- to Mary A., daughter of Thomas Crawford, and of Irish 
 descent. Mr. and Mrs. Benchhoff are parents of ten children, nine living, five 
 of whom are married. During the war Mr. Benchhoff was appointed provost- 
 marshal by Capt. Eyster, of Chambersburg, and discharged the duties of the 
 office fearlessly and faithfully. He captured deserters and recovered much 
 stolen Government property. His eldest son, Benjamin Franklin, was a soldier 
 in the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and 
 died soon after the battle of Fredericksburg from exposure. Mrs. Benchhoff is 
 a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Benchhoff is a Republican in politics. 
 
 L. F. BENCHOFF. teacher, P. O. Rowzersville, was born in Adams County, 
 Penn. , January 13, 1851, a son of John and Elizabeth (Anderson) Benchoff, 
 natives of Adams County, "Penn. ; former was a farmer and hotel-keeper, 
 of English and German origin, latter of Scotch-English descent. They had 
 twelve children, ten of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, L. F. being 
 the third child. Oar subject was reared on the farm, and attended the district 
 schools and the State normal school at Lebanon, Ohio, where he graduated in 
 1874. He had taught before entering the normal school, and it was with the 
 view of more thoroughly preparing himself for teaching that he took that 
 course which has so eminently fitted him for the profession. In 1874 he ac- 
 cepted a position as teacher in the grammar school in Waynesboro; subse- 
 quently taught at Ringgold, Md., and in 1883 accepted the position of 
 principal of the school at Rowzersville. He is the owner of a well improved 
 farm of seventy-five acres. In 1875 he married Miss Martha B. , daughter of 
 William Johnston, and of German and Irish origin. Mr. and Mrs. Benchoff 
 are parents of two children: Howard J. and Ross Edgar. The parents are 
 members of the Reformed Church, of which Mr. Benchoff has been deacon 
 and Sabbath-school superintendent. In politics he is a Republic in. 
 
 PETER BENEDICT (deceased) was bom in Franklin County, Penn., in 
 October, 1814. His father, Peter Benedict, was among the pioneer farmers of 
 the county. Our subject was reared on the farm, receiving his education in 
 the old-fashioned log sohoolhouse. Early in life he learned the trade of a 
 marble-cutter, and for several years followed that industry, but his main busi- 
 ness ■wa^ merchandising, which he successfully pursued for over thirty two 
 years, the most of the time being a partner of W. S. Amberson. In 1882 Mr. 
 Benedict retired from active business, having succeeded in accumulating a 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 933 
 
 handsome fortune. He was united in marriage, in 1873, at Waynesboro with 
 Kate M. , daughter of William P. and Catharine E. (Shroder) Weagly and of 
 German lineage. The fruit of this union was one child, F.. W. Mr. Bene- 
 dict in politics was a Republican. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, 
 to which his widow also belongs. He died in 1883 lamented by all who knew 
 him, leaving a large estate to his widow and only son. 
 
 REV. P. BERGSTRESSER, D. D., pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church of Waynesboro, is a native of Snyder County, Penn. , born April 22, 1826; 
 son of Peter and Elizabeth (Ulrich) Bergstresser, whose ancestors were among 
 the earliest German emigrants to America, coming from the southern part of 
 Germany. The date of their arrival, as copied from the colonial records 
 (Book III, page 414) at Harrisburg, Penn., is 1731. His great-grandparents 
 were the first representatives of their families in this country. John George 
 Ulrich (maternal grandfather) was born in Berks County, Penn., and after 
 serving all through the Revolutionary war settled at Selin' s Grove, Penn. His 
 paternal great-grandfather, John George Bergstresser (Bergstroser) had four 
 sons, the youngest of whom, Philip, was born in America. The usual occu- 
 pation of the family was farming. Our subject attended school in his native 
 place, Selin' s Grove, Penn. , and early in life taught school. In 1849 he entered 
 Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Penn., and was graduated in a regular 
 classical course in the. class of 1853, and in 1855 was graduated from the 
 theological seminary at the same place. He was licensed by the Evangelical 
 Lutheran Synod of east Pennsylvania in 1855 at Lebanon, Penn., and 
 ordained by the same body in 1856 at Hughesville, Penn. He first engaged in 
 missionary work in Tamaqua, Penn. His first regular charge was what was 
 then called the Jersey Shore Charge, composed of churches in Nipponese Val- 
 ley and near Jersey shore. Next he "was appointed by the Susquehanna Con- 
 ference to organize the Orangeville Charge in Columbia County, Penn. , where 
 he also founded the Orangeville Male and Female Academy in 1859, now in a 
 prosperous condition. He then engaged in missionary work in Illinois and Mich- 
 igan, where he remained eight years, during which time he established and 
 built up several churches, among which may be mentioned a Lutheran Church 
 at Fairview, Fulton Qo., 111.; one at White Pigeon, Mich., and another at 
 Constantine, Mich. He was next called to Taneytown, Carroll Co., Md., 
 where his efforts were crowned with success, and four hundred new members 
 were added to the fold. In this pastorate two new^ church edifices were built 
 during his ministry of seven years. He is also the author of numerous arti- 
 cles in the ' ' Quarterly Review, ' ' published by the Lutheran Church, and of a 
 work entitled ' ' Vain Excuses Answered, ' ' which has an extensive circulation, 
 now used in Sunday-schools, and published by the Lutheran board of publica- 
 tion. No. 42 North Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Penn. During two years, 
 from the fall of 1874 to the spring of 1876, he served as professor of theology 
 in Hartwick's Seminary, Otsego Co., N. Y. Besides attending to the duties 
 of his own department in this institution he also gave instruction in the Greek 
 and German languages in the classical department of the same institution, and 
 preached sometimes once and twice on Sundays; but preferring pastoral work, 
 and the seminary being financially weak, he accepted a call to the Waynesboro 
 charge in 1876. In 1879 he received a challenge from Elder S. H. Bashor, of 
 Ashland, Ohio, a minister in the Tunker Church, to discuss the following sub- 
 jects: Baptism, the Lord's Supper and Feet-washing. This debate attracted 
 the people for miles around Waynesboro, and the proceedings of each day 
 were published throughout the United States, and in 1880 appeared in book 
 form. Since this reverend gentleiian has taken charge at Waynesboro large 
 
934 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 numbers have been added to the church, and extensive improvements have 
 been made to the church edifice at a cost of $8,000 or $9,000. Our subject 
 was married May 20, 1856, to Martha Jane, daughter of Hon. John L. Fuller, 
 of Gettysburg, Penn. Mr. and Mrs. Bergstresser's children now living are 
 Edwin, a physician and dentist, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, 
 Philadelphia; William, a merchant in Waynesboro; Charles, a machinist, 
 noted also for his musical talent; John E., a salesman in Waynesboro, noted 
 also for his fine bass voice and musical talent; Fuller, a student in the high 
 school ; and Adele, the only daughter living. All are members of the Lutheran 
 Church. Our subject received the degree of D. D. from Pennsylvania Col- 
 lege, his alma mater, in 1881. In politics our subject is a Eepublican. 
 
 GEORGE BESOKE. The Besores, under the various names of Besore, 
 Basore, Bashor, Bashore and Basehore, are found pretty frequently over the 
 county of Franklin, especially in the townships of Washington, Letterkenny 
 and Greene. The name varies greatly, but it may be taken with safety that 
 all of the above, as well as other names deviating slightly in spelling from any 
 of these, belong to the same stock — simply branches of the same tree. The. 
 pioneer of the race in America is believed to have been Daniel Besore, who 
 came from Germany to this country among the early settlers. The stock is 
 supposed to be German, but it is believed to be Huguenotio in origin, having 
 settled in Germany during the persecution of the Huguenots in France. The 
 same belief also holds that the original name was Le or La Bessier or Basseur. 
 The ancestor finally located along Marsh Run, a few miles from the town of 
 Waynesboro, in Washington Township. He left at least two sons: David and 
 John, both of whom left large families. David, and likely his father Daniel 
 before him, owned and lived on the farm lately occupied by Henry Besore (de- 
 ceased), and now owned by Rev. Geo. B. Russell, D. D. , a grandson of David. 
 The sons and daughters of David were numerous, viz. : Daniel, John, Samuel, 
 George, Jacob, Henry, Jeremiah, David, Josiah, Elizabeth (who married Geo. 
 Uhler), Catharine (who married Christian Russell) and Mary (wife of Rev. Geo. 
 W. Glessner, D. D. 
 
 George Besore, the subject of this notice, was born on the said farm De- 
 cember 21, 1799, and died August 16, 1871, at the residence he so long occu- 
 pied on the Diamond in Waynesboro. Early in life he became a merchant, 
 which seems to have been a favorite occupation for this family, because Jacob, 
 Jeremiah, Josiah, and others also engaged in it. George and Jacob were 
 partners for some time, but, believing that marked success was not possible for 
 the two in the same place, Jacob went to the city of Baltimore, engaged in the 
 wholesale trade, and was on the high road to wealth and distinction as a mer- 
 chant, when he was cut off by death at the early age of thirty -nine years. 
 George continued merchandising in Waynesboro, built his residence and store- 
 room, and met with more than the usual success for thirty years, and then re 
 tired because of broken health. Afterward he bought Hopewell flouring- 
 mUls, about three miles east of town, where he in connection with others car- 
 ried on a large business as merchant millers with varying fortunes until ill 
 health and age compelled him to abandon it also. He was married September 
 16, 1830, to Eliza Snively, one of the six daughters of Jacob Snively, of An- 
 trim Township, one of the earliest families of the county. It is a mooted point 
 now whether the first settlement was made by a Chambers or by a -Snively. 
 The widow still survives in reasonable health and strength, though consider- 
 ably beyond the age of four score years. Clara and Alfred vrere their only 
 children, of whom the latter died in infancy, and the former became the wife 
 of Dr. A. H. Strickler. They with the mother continue to occupy the old 
 Besore corner in Waynesboro. 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 935 
 
 George Besore was a man of mark in his neighborhood; he was known and 
 appreciated throughout his county, and throughout the length and breadth of 
 his denomination, or church, wherever it existed in this country. In him as a 
 citizen, his people could and did feel an honest pride. His political opinions 
 and partialities were decided and warm, but always poised with moderation 
 and judgment. For him office had no charms, and &om him scheming re- 
 ceived no countenance. The writer cannot now recollect of any office held by 
 him, though there were times when he was urged to enter upon that course. 
 His greatest strength and influence was seen and felt in general business and 
 in his church. For almost a lifetime he was regarded as a leading and most 
 trustworthy business man, and for forty years he was one of the pillars of the 
 congregation of the Beformed Church in Waynesboro. If not the first he 
 was one of the original movers for Sunday-schools. He held the position of 
 superintendent of the first Sunday-school in Waynesboro, from its commence- 
 ment in 1830 up to his death, save an interval of perhaps a few years toward 
 the last. He was earnest, active and liberal in the movements, which turned 
 the current of opinion in his denomination toward a more liberal culture and 
 education, and which residted in the founding of Marshall College and the 
 Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church at Mercersburg, the mother in- 
 stitutions of that church in the United States. He served on the building com- 
 mittees, was treasurer of the seminary and one of its board, and also for many 
 years a member of the trustees of the college at Mercersburg, and afterward 
 at Lancaster. The Printing Establishment of the Church at Chambersburg 
 leaned upon and found him a strong and unwavering friend in its darkest days. 
 Much oftener than is usual was he sent as a delegate to the Classes, Synods and 
 other ecclesiastical bodies of his church, and no laymen excelled him in force 
 and influence in the debates and business of these assemblies. Although thus 
 honored Mr. Besore scarcely received all that he deserved. The writer of 
 these lines as boy and man, knew him long and well, as intimately as could be 
 compatible with their disparity in age; and now, in looking back over the 
 last forty years, he recalls with peculiar pleastu:e, in the life and character of 
 his respected friend, such an utter absence of all weak and unseemly traits, 
 and such a liberal presence of the strong, the urbane and the good, that the 
 like of it is seldom seen in human life and experience. In making this man, 
 nature took of goodly clay to fashion a goodly face and form, and vitalized and 
 finished her 'work by breathing into it a spirit of nobility and truth, creating a 
 gentleman. Grace lent her aid to nature' s work, illumined the human taber- 
 nacle with light from Bethlehem's star, warmed it with love to God and fellow - 
 man, and left nature's gentleman a Christian. 
 
 WILLIAM BLAIR, the well known editor of the Village Record, Waynes- 
 boro, was born in Franklin County, Penn. , May 31, 1824, and has been a life- 
 long resident here. His parents, John and Sarah (Belle) Blair, were of Welsh 
 and Scotch-Irish descent respectively, and the parents of nine children, of 
 whom William was the sixth bom. The father was an agriculturist, and our 
 subject was reared on the farm, attending the district school. When seven- 
 teen years old he (William Blair) went to Hagerstown, Md. , and here learned 
 the trade of a printer. In 1847 he came to Waynesboro and assisted Dr. D. 
 O. Blair to publish the Village Record, continuing with him until 1851, when 
 our subject bought Dr. Blair out, and has since conducted the paper alone. 
 Our subject was married in 1854 to Mary J., daughter of William Geer and of 
 English descent. This union has been blessed with sixteen children, ten of 
 whom are now living: Asburry G., Willie, Edwin O., Hemy G. (are printers 
 and work in the office here). Mary B., Charles, Stanley, Percy, Keith and Ma- 
 
■936 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 bel G. Mrs. Blair is a member of the Presbyterian Church.. In politics Mr. 
 Blair is a Republican. ■ -r ■ . ^^ 
 
 F. S. BRENISHOLTS, dentist, Waynesboro, was born in Juniata County, 
 Penn., February 13, 1839, son of Peter and Eliza (McOonnell) Brenisholts, 
 natives of Pennsylvania, and of German and English origin, former of whom 
 was a farmer and stock dealer. Their family consisted of six children, &y& of 
 whom grew to manhood and womanhood. Our subject, the third born, was 
 reared on the farm in his native county, and received his schooling in the Ju- 
 niata Academy. He first followed farming as an occupation. The Doctor, 
 from his earliest years showed wonderful skill in working in wood, and without 
 receiving the usual instructions became so expert as to command the high- 
 est prices for his work. During the war he was engaged in Washington on 
 work for the Government for a time, and afterward went to Williamsport, 
 Penn., where he worked three years in constructing spiral stairways, and one 
 year later he carried on building and contracting in the same place. Then, in 
 1871, he commenced the study of dentistry with his brother, and has since xie- 
 voted his entire attention to his chosen profession. He was united in marriage, 
 in 1878, with Samantha, daughter of the late Dr. R. M. and Mary Ann (Peel) 
 French, former of whom was bom in Otsego County, N. Y., of Scotch-Irish 
 extraction; the latter was born in Cumberland County, Penn., of English de- 
 scent, and a relative of Sir Robert Peel of England. Dr. French attended the 
 medical college at Philadelphia, and also at Baltimore; he was a succesaful .phy- 
 sician, practicing his profession for many years in Pennsylvania,., and in those 
 early days his ride extended into several counties. Mris. Brenisholfc is. a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian Church. The Doctor is' a member of the- Methodist 
 Church, of which he is trustee and steward, and assistant superintendent in 
 the Sabbath-school. In politics he is a Democrat. He has served as a mem- 
 ber of the town council, and at present is a director in the American Manufac- 
 turing Company, and president, of the > school : board of Waynesboro. He is a 
 member of the K. of P. of Williamsport, Penn. , and of the S ubordinate and 
 Encampment of the I. O. O. F. The Doctor h&s. been very successful in his 
 practice. 
 
 COL. DAVID H. BROTHERTON, Tlniteci States Army, Waynesboro, is 
 the son of James Brotherton, Sr. , and Helen (Hammett) Brotherton; the for- 
 mer of whom was of Scotch- Irish descent, graduated at Jefferson Medical Col- 
 lege, Philadelphia, Penn. , and was for many years a successful physiciai) until 
 blood poisoning, produced by the puncture of a needle, while conducting a 
 post-mortem examination, cut him off in the prime of life from further active 
 pursuit of a profession in which he had already gained an eminent position 
 among the physicians of his native county. Otir subject's eldest brother, 
 Jamss, also a promineat physician, practiced in Waynesboro until his death in 
 1864. His grandparents were James and Jane (Henry) Brotherton; the for- 
 mer native born, his father being a native of Donegal, L-eland; the latter, born 
 in Cookstown, Coimty Tyrone, Ireland.- The father of Dr. Brotherton, Sr., 
 passed his life in agricultural pursuits in. Antrim Township, ,thiSiCounty. The 
 subject of this sketch was born in Waynesboro, this county, June 24, 1831. 
 After receiving such an education as the common and select aohools of ^hia na- 
 tive place afforded, he was in 1850 appointed a cadet at the United States 
 MHitary Academy, West Point, N. Y., by the Hon. James X. Mctanahan, 
 then representing the district in Congress. Graduating in 1854, he was com- 
 missioned a brevet second lieutenant in the Fifth Regiment of Infantry, United 
 States Army, and, in the autumn of the same year, joined his regiment at 
 Ringgold Barracks, Texas, performing the ordinary garrison duties of an ofB.- 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 937 
 
 cer until February, 1855. He was then detached from his company for duty 
 with a military reconnoissance for a route for the Southern Pacific Railroad across 
 the Llano Estacado, or "Staked Plain." Rejoining his company in Novem- 
 ber, 1856, his regiment embarked for Florida, where the following winter he 
 participated in an active campaign against the Seminole Indians. His next 
 service was with the "Utah expedition, under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston. In 
 May, 1860, the regiment was ordered to New Mexico, and the march was made 
 directly through an unbroken country over several high ranges of mountains 
 on the continent, and across the Green, Blue and "Grand Rivers, and such were 
 the obstacles encountered that a month's time was consumed in traversing 
 the distance of 100 miles. It was not until August that the regiment arrived 
 at Santa Fe. With scarcely any delay it was sent into the field for active 
 service, and during the winter of 1860-61 was engaged in a campaign against 
 the Navajo Indians, during which our subject took part in several scouts; and 
 in two actions with these Indians, his conduct in one of which called forth favor- 
 able comment in the general orders from the headquarters of the army. From 
 the conclusion of this campaign, in the spring of 1861, until September 25, 
 when he received his promotion as captain, he performed the duties of adju- 
 tant of his regiment. The Texans having invaded the Territory in the early 
 part of 1862, Col. Brotherton served with distinction in the several battles and 
 skirmishes which took place with the invading army, and, for gallant and 
 meritorious services in the battle of Val Verde, February 21, 1862, received 
 the brevet of major. Soon after this he obtained command of his regiment, 
 which he retained until 1866. He remained in New Mexico until September, 
 1867, when he was ordered with his company to Kansas. While en route he 
 was, September 21, attacked by a band of hostile Indians (Cheyennes and 
 Arrapahoes) numbering several hundred, which " he succeeded, after a fight 
 lasting several hours, in driving ofP. Col. Brotherton then retraced his steps 
 and rescued a large citizen train of wagons that was beleaguered, and which 
 would, undoubtedly, but for his assistance, have fallen victims to the same 
 band of Indians. His next tour of field duty was as guard and escort to the 
 Indian commissioners, then en route to make a treaty with the confederate 
 hostile tribes — Arrapahoes, Cheyennes, Kiowas, Apaches and Comanches— at 
 Medicine Lodge Creek. Upon the conclusion of this duty he returned to his 
 station. The treaties then made with the Indians lasted but a short time, as 
 we find him during the winter of 1868-69 again in the field, taking part 
 in the campaign against them, they having recommenced hostilities. His 
 regiment was next ordered for duty in the Northwest, on the breaking out of 
 hostilities with the Sioux. During his service in Montana and Dakota he par- 
 ticipated in the pursuit and capture of Chief Joseph and his band of hostile 
 Nez Perces, at Milk River, Northwest Territory, near tlie British line. In 
 1879 he received his promotion as major of the Fifth Infantry; transferred the 
 same year to the Seventh Infantry, and joined his new regiment at Fort SneUing, 
 Minn. , January, 1880. In July following he was ordered to the command of 
 Fort Buford, Dak. Soon after his arrival he entered (under authority of his 
 departmental commander) into negotiations with the hostile Indians across the 
 British line, under Sitting Bull and various other noted chiefs, which termi- 
 nated finally in the siu-render of some 1,700 hostile Indians, with their arms 
 and ponies, including Sitting Bull, who, on July 17, 1881, with the last rem- 
 nant of his followers, surrendered to Col. Brotherton at Fort Buford. For the 
 successful completion of this duty, Col. Brotherton was highly complimented 
 in a special order issued by his department commander, in which it was stated 
 that "to him was due the credit cf suggesting the policy and course of action 
 
 53 
 
938 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 which resulted in the capture of a large portion of the hostile Sioux during the 
 -winter, and in the final surrender of Sitting Bull, with almost the last remnant 
 of his adherents. During all the negotiations and all the movements of troops 
 which preceded the surrender, his services were invaluable, having brought to 
 a final conclusion the war with the Sioux, which, commencing in 1876, endured 
 almost to the present time" (1881). This great work, conducted as it was in 
 a climate where the thermometer frequently registered fifty degrees below 
 zero, and his constant exposijre to all temperatures, though eminently success- 
 ful, was such a tax on his vitality as to render it necessary that he should seek 
 a warmer climate to recuperate his shattered health, and he therefore spent the 
 following winter in Florida, hoping that he would regain his former strength 
 and vigor. Partially recovering, a return to the rigorous climate, in which his 
 regiment was serving, soon convinced him that the seeds of disease had not 
 been eradicated. Col. Brotherton received his promotion as lieutenant-colonel 
 of the Twenty-fifth Infantry July 3, 1883, but in April following, under the act 
 of Congress retiring disabled officers, he was placed on the retired list of the 
 army for ' ' disability in line of duty. ' ' Col. Brotherton rendered the Govern- 
 ment valuable service, and his record is an honorable and interesting one, 
 though his field of action was on the frontier, where there was but small 
 chance for military distinction. 
 
 C. H. BUHBMAN, merchant, P. O. Kowzersville, was bom at Mount Zion, 
 Frederick Co., Md., June 1, 1837, a son of Samuel and Maz^ (Gordon) Buhr- 
 man, also natives of Frederick County, Md. , and of German origin. Samuel 
 Buhrman was a farmer, also hotel-keeper and proprietor of Monterey Summer 
 Eesort for fifteen years. He died in 1861; his family consisted of three children, 
 of whom C. H. is the eldest. Our subject was reared in Washington Town- 
 ship, this county, and attended the common schools, also the academy. His 
 first occupation was that of farming, and subsequently he embarked in mercan- 
 tile business, at which he continued three years, in Adams County. In 1871 
 he established a general store in Eowzersville, which he has continued since. 
 He was married February 16, 1858, to Anna Maria, daughter of Peter Green. 
 Her parents were natives of Frederick County, Md. , and of German origin. 
 Mr. and, Mrs. Buhrman have five children now living: Harry E., MaryN., 
 Emma, Samuel, Fannie Dean. Mrs Buhrman died December 20, 1879, a 
 consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Buhrman is a 
 Eepublican in politics. 
 
 HON. JAMES H. CLAYTON, Waynesboro, ex-member of the State Leg- 
 islature from Franklin County, and whose portrait appears in this volume 
 as one of the representative men of his county and State, was bom in Waynes- 
 boro, February 14, 1828, the only son of a family of seven children. His par- 
 ents were John and Sarah J. (Foster) Clayton, the former bom in Franklin 
 County, Penn., in 1796, and the latter in Ireland. John Clayton was a con- 
 tactor and carpenter in early life and later a farmer; he died in 1848, aged 
 fifty-two years. He was a man of more than ordinary ability. For a number 
 of years he and Alexander Hamilton were engaged in the real estate business, 
 and they were mtimate friends and successful men. Our subject was but ten 
 years of age when his father became an invalid, through exposure and over- 
 r^°''^"x. f ^**®'^^«'l *° liis father's business until the latter' s death, managine 
 his father s farms and general real estate business, which was quite extensive 
 He obtained his education at the common and high schools of Waynesboro, and 
 hada commercial training He clerked at Mercersburg, Wavnesboro, Phila- 
 delphia NewviUe (Cumberland County), Pittsburgh, Winchester (Va.), and then 
 returned to Waynesboro, where he has since been engaged in farming. He has 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 939 
 
 been elected to important offices of trust in his township and town, and later, 
 ■was elected director of the poor of Franklin County, which office he held for 
 three and a half years; was elected in 1883 a member of the House of Kepre- 
 sentatives of Pennsylvania to fill the unexpired term of the Hon. J. McDowell 
 Sharpe, and, in 1884, was re-elected to the Legislature for a full term. Mr. 
 Clayton was instrumental in the organization of the First National Bank of 
 "Waynesboro, and has been a director and secretary of the board of directors 
 for this bank every since its establishment, twenty -two years, save one year. 
 He has always taken an active interest in his town, and has laid out several 
 streets, built and sold a number of houses, and sold over forty lots. He has 
 been, and is still, an extensive stockholder in the Frick Manufacturing 
 Company, serving as treasurer one year for the Geiser Company. He has 
 been a member of the I. O. O. F. since he was twenty-one; has passed all 
 the chairs and received all ihe honors that could be conferred upon him by. this 
 order. Mr. Clayton married December 11, 1860, Miss Sallie J. Miley, of 
 Washington Township, this county, born October 9, 1841, near St. Thomas, 
 Franklin Co. , Penn. , daughter of John G. Miley (a farmer) and Catherine 
 {Wanner) Miley, the former a native of Franklin County, and the latter of Berks 
 County, Penn. . Mr. and Mrs. Clayton had nine children — five sons and four 
 daughters — two sons and three daughters living: Charles Brotherton, who man- 
 ages his father' s farm, attending school; Sallie Phillips, attending private select 
 school; Victor Virginius, attending school; Bessie Grace and SudieMay. Mrs. 
 Clayton died November 11, 1878, a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. 
 Clayton has been an elder in the same church since 1868. His father was of 
 English descent, and the family were old residents of Pennsylvania and Frank- 
 lin County. 
 
 M. C. DETEICK, farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in Waynesboro, 
 this county, December 25, 1827, a son of George and Sarah (Cakoe) Detriok, 
 Oi Scotch and English descent respectively. The former was a native of Mary- 
 land, the latter of Pennsylvania. George Detrick was a blacksmith by trade, 
 in later life a farmer. His family consisted of six children. The eldest, David 
 M., now deceased, was a successful farmer and business man; he left no heirs 
 and willed his estate to the Detrick family on the death of his wife. He ovmed 
 a fine farm in this township, which consisted of 250 acres of well improved land, 
 where the widow now resides. Our subject, the second child, was reared on 
 the farm and educated in his native place. His first work was in the woolen- 
 mills, where he learned the trade and worked thirteen years. In 1855 he mar- 
 ried Miss Martha S., daughter of John (a farmer) and Elsie (Barr) Funk, 
 natives of Pennsylvania, and of German and English origin respectively. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Detrick have one child now living, Alice K. , wife of Harry Smith. 
 Mrs. Detrick is a member of the Mennonite Church. In politics Mr. Detrick 
 is a Republican. He owns the well improved farm where he now resides. 
 
 JOHN DOWNIN (deceased) was born in Franklin County, Penn., July 
 14, 1828, a son of John and Susan (Johnson) Downin. ' His paternal and 
 maternal ancestors were among the early settlers of Franklin County, and of 
 English descent. He was the third of seven children, was reared on the farm 
 and acquired his early education in the district schools. He operated a dis- 
 tillery, was a successful business man and accumulated a goodly share of the 
 things of this world. He was united in marriage in Washington Township, 
 August 29, 1850, with Susan, daughter of John and Christiana (Hevel) Bark- 
 doll, of German origin, and whose ancestors were among the early settlers of 
 Maryland, near the Mason and Dixon line. John BarkdoU was a farmer by 
 occupation and died in 1878. Mi. and Mrs. Downin were blessed with seven 
 
940 BIOGBAPHICAL SKKTCHES: 
 
 children: Josiab, deceased; John A., farmer, married and residing in Wash- 
 ington Township, this county; Annie E., Christie A., wife of William O. 
 Weagley; Florence V., Ella M. and Ida A. Mrs. Downin is a member of the 
 Eeformed Church. Mr. Downin departed this life November 7, 1875. In 
 politics he was a Republican. 
 
 AMOS E. FRANTZ, farmer and stock raiser, P. O. Waynesboro, was born 
 in Washington Township, this county, October 11, 1852, a son of John and 
 Catherine (Ryder) Frantz, natives of Pennsylvania, and his paternal and 
 maternal ancestors were among the early German settlers of the State. His 
 grandfather. Rev. Christian Frantz, who came here in 1820, was the founder 
 of the New Mennonite Church in Franklin County, and was a member of that 
 denomination for many years. John Frantz, the father of our subject, and 
 who was a successful farmer, died in 1877. He had a family of three chil- 
 dren, of whom Amos R. is the second. Our subject grew to manhood on the 
 farm where he now resides, attended the common and select schools at Waynes- 
 boro, and has made farming his business. He was married in 1875 to Ida 
 Herr, daughter of Amos F. Herr, and of German origin, a member of the 
 Reformed Mennonite Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Frantz have been born two chil- 
 dren : G. H. and Anna H. The family have a beautiful home and are con- 
 tented and happy. In politics Mr. Frantz is a Republican. 
 
 GEORGE FRICK, manufacturer, Waynesboro, was born in Lancaster 
 County, Penn., November 25, 1826, son of Abraham and Catharine (Diflfen- 
 baugh) Frick, natives of Lancaster County and of German descent, the former 
 of whom was a farmer all his life. Our subject, the fourth born in a family of 
 six children, was reared on the farm, receiving his education in the common 
 schools. Early in life he learned the trade of a millwright, and followed it 
 as an occupation for a time. He then conmienced to manufacture steam 
 engines in Washington County, Md., and carried on business there for nine 
 years, when in 1860 he moved to Waynesboro and continued to make steam 
 engines and threshing machines, being among the first to engage in manufact- 
 uring in Franklin County, and from his small beginning has developed two 
 large industries known as Frick & Co. and the Geiser Manufacturing Com- 
 pany. In 1873 Mr. Frick sold his interest to the firm of Frick & Co. , but 
 continued to manage the business for them. He was married in 1850 in 
 Franklin Coimty, Penn. , to Miss Frederica, daughter of Frederick Openlender, 
 and of German origin. To this union have been born six children : Abraham, 
 a member of the firm of Frick & Co. ; Ezra, also a member of the firm and 
 its secretary; Amos, in the shops; Frederick, a draftsman for Frick & Co.; 
 Franklin (deceased), and Annie, at home. Mr. and Mrs. Frick are members of 
 the Mennonite Church. 
 
 A. O. FRICE, manufacturer, Waynesboro, was born in Ringgold, Washington 
 Co. , Md. , June 16, 1852, eldest son living of George and Frederica (Openlender) 
 Frick, who came to Waynesboro in 1860. (His father's sketch will be found 
 elsewhere in this volume.) Our subject attended the schools of Waynesboro, 
 and at the age of fourteen commenced to learn the trade of machinist. Although 
 his father was the principal owner of the Waynesboro Steam Engine Works, 
 he learned the trade by serving a regular apprenticeship; later he was fore- 
 man in the shops, then general foreman in the machine shops, and then drafts- 
 man and mechanical engineer. He has taken out eighteen patents, mostly on 
 the machinery of the steam engine, and turns all patents over to the company. 
 As he IS now one of the members and also a director, he considers it is for his 
 mterest to do so. He is now frequently sent for by parties living at a distance 
 to draw plans and drafts; he also makes many sales for the firm. He attends 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 941 
 
 all large mechanical exhibits, and shows the machinery of the Frick Company. 
 In 1878 he married Miss Louisa Hatter, a daughter of Martin Hatter, of Balti- 
 more, Md. She was of German origin, and died November 12, 1885. IVfc. 
 Friok is .a member of the Eepublican party, of the Masonic fraternity and the 
 I. O. O. F. 
 
 EZBA FEICK, secretary of the Frick Manufacturing Company, Waynesboro, 
 was bom Janiiary 12, 1856, in Washington County, Md., within three miles of 
 Waynesboro. His parents, George and Frederica (Openlender) Frick, natives 
 of Pennsylvania, and of German descent, had a family of eight children, five 
 of whom are now living. Our subject, the fourth bom, acquired his education 
 in the common schools and in the high school of Waynesboro. At seventeen 
 he commenced the trade of machinist, and after working at it faithfully for 
 three years and getting familiar v?ith all its details, he was called to do office 
 work, and for two years was shipping clerk for the Frick Manufacturing Com- 
 pany; then appointed assistant secretary and in 1882 was elected secretary, 
 which position he still holds. He is prompt, diligent and extremely careful in 
 business. Our subject was united in marriage February 26, 1885, with Kate, 
 daughter of Samuel Mehaff ey of Chambersburg, Penn. , and of Scotch origin. 
 This union has been blessed with one child, Frederica. Mrs. Frick is a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Mr. Frick is a Eepublican. He 
 is a member of the K. of P. 
 
 AAEON FUNK (deceased) was bom in Washington Township, Franklin 
 Co. , Penn. , April 29, 1835, a son of John (a farmer) and Nancy (Shank) Funk, 
 latter a native of Maryland. His grandfather's name was Henry Funk, and 
 his ancestors were among the early German settlers of Pennsylvania. John 
 and Nancy Funk were parents of twelve children, eleven of whom grew to 
 maturity, and of these Aaron was the second. The early years of owr subject 
 were spent with his parents on the farm, and he acquired his education at the 
 district school. From his youth up he was engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 and owned at his death a fine farm of 200 acres in Washington Township, 
 where he resided. He was married December 11, 1856, to Elizabeth, daughter 
 of John Frick and of German descent, and to this union were born eight chil- 
 dren: AUna, wife of JohnE. Frantz; Ida, wife of Charles Hasler; Alice, wife of 
 S. P. Hostetter; John, Christian, Amos, Gertrude and'Maud. Mr. Funk died 
 September 4, 1886. He had been judge of elections, supervisor and school 
 director, and took an interest in the affairs of his township. Politically he was 
 a Eepublican. Mrs. Funk is a member of the new Mennonite Church. 
 
 HENEY FUNK, retired farmer, and proprietor of the Fairview Farm and 
 EoUing Mills, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in Lancaster, Penn., March 10, 
 1828. His parents were Henry and Catherine (Kitzmiller) Funk, the latter 
 a native of Lancaster County, Penn. The father was an old-time wagoner and 
 teamster in the days of the " Conestoga wagon," and later followed milling; 
 he died in 1876. Our subject, the fifth in a family of eleven children, received 
 a limited education and spent the most of his life in Cumberland County, 
 Penn. , where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits and dealing in stock. 
 In 1883 he came to Franklin County, purchased the Fairview farm and mill, 
 put rollers in the latter, and placed it in position to do first-class work. Owing 
 to ill health, Mr. Funk has retired from active business life, and his property 
 is managed by his son. In 1852 our subject married Miss Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Charles and Siisan (Kurtz) Garver, of German origin, and to them were 
 born the following named children: Kate, now the wife of Christian Eeddig; 
 Charles M. , and Susan, wife of ^i ohn Eanley. Mr. and Mrs. Funk are mem- 
 bers of the German Baptist Church. Politically he is a Eepublican, and has 
 
942 BIOQEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 served as sctool director. Their only son, Charles M., who is now operating- 
 the mill alone, and farm, was born in Cumberland County, Penn. , December 
 26, 1855. He received a fair education, and has been engaged principally in 
 agricultural pui-suits. In 1881 he opened a grocery store in Waynesboro, 
 which he conducted two years, then sold out and took charge of the Fairview 
 farm and mill, which he still operates. He was married in 1880 to Anna 
 Belle, daughter of David Zullinger of German origin, and to this union tw» 
 children have been born: Ida Blanche and Charles Koy. Mr. Charles M. 
 Funk is of a mechanical turn, and while he has never served a regular appren- 
 ticeship, conducts the mill successfully, being a practical miller. 
 
 MARTIN S. FUNK, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Waynesboro, was 
 born in Franklin County, Penn. , September 8, 1845, a son of Jacob S. and 
 Catherine (Shelley) Funk, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent, 
 members of the Eiver Brethren Church. His father, a farmer and miller by 
 occupation, died in Washington Township, this county, in 1850, where he had 
 resided most of his life. They had a family of fifteen children, of whom Mar- 
 tin S. is the youngest. Eleven children are now living. Our subject was 
 reared on the farm where he now resides in Washington Township, received 
 his education in the common schools and chose the vocation of farming. The 
 home farm consists of 200 acres, of which he has full charge. He was mar- 
 ried in December, 1865, to Elizabeth, daughter of George W. Sarbaugh, and 
 of German origin. Four children were born to their union, three now living: 
 Minnie B. , Lillian M. and Cora C. Mrs. Funk is a member of the Reformed 
 Church. Mr. Funk votes the Republican ticket. His paternal and maternal 
 ancestors were early German settlers of Pennsylvania. 
 
 PETER GEISER, retired manufacturer, Waynesboro, was born in Wash- 
 ington County, Md., March 26,1826; son of John and Mary (Singer) Geiser, 
 natives of Franklin County, Penn., of German origin, living on their own 
 farm where they reared twelve children. Our subject, the seventh bom, at- 
 tended the common schools. In his early boyhood he was mechanically dis- 
 posed, attending to the building and repair work on his father's farm, in the 
 meantime devoting considerable time to the study of mechanics. While on 
 the farm he , invented a grain separator for which he soon after obtained pat- 
 ents, and to-day the Geiser separator is widely and favorably known. After 
 experimenting with it and proving it a success, Mr. Geiser, in company with 
 a brother, commenced to manufacture the machine, and from tiiis small 
 beginning has developed a large manufacturing company. The laborious, 
 tedious, and disagreeable work of threshing grain early attracted his atten- 
 tion, and he applied his efforts assiduously to the problem of improving- 
 the crude methods then in vogue, with a measure of success seldom attained 
 by those who are too often knovm as "visionary theorists." His first experi- 
 ments in the constmction of a grain separator were made in 1850, when, 
 he demonstrated to his satisfaction the feasibility of removing -the grain from 
 the chaff and straw at the same operation by properly adjusted machinery. He 
 secured a patent on this appliance in 1852, when the possibilities of the inven- 
 tion first dawned upon his mind. A second patent was obtained in 1855, th© 
 additional feature of a winno-wing machine having been developed in the mean- 
 time. In the following year the first three machines were sold; and from 
 this insignificant beginning the subsequent industrial development of Waynes- 
 boro is directly traceable. It has been truthfully said of modern civilized so- 
 ciety that the most disinterested benefactors are invariably least appreciated, 
 either by the sincere gratitude or substantial remuneration that should reward 
 their efforts. An inference so plainly apparent need n6t be indicated. The 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 943 
 
 residence of our subject, whicli stands on an elevated place and commands a 
 good view of the surrounding country, is a neat and substantial three-story 
 brick structure, one of the most desirable in the county. Mr. Geiser was unit- 
 ed in marriage, April 20, 1855, with Mary, daughter of David and Elizabeth 
 Hoover, and of German and Swiss origin. They have eleven well-to-do chil- 
 dren, mostly grown up, in whom they have good prospects and are more than 
 recompensed for their financial misfortunes. The family attend the services 
 of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Geiser is an independent thinker, neutral in pol- 
 itics, though greatly predisposed to regenerative reform and advancement, 
 as manifested in his literary production, extracts of which we here give in 
 his own quaint style: 
 
 One of the present day eyils seems to be that broad-minded benefactors are run 
 down by narrow-minded victimizers. The worthy producer financially is at the mercy 
 of the unworthy realizer — lilte the horse that earns the oats but can not get them. The 
 late Josh Billings said that ' ' every man is entitled to a living, provided he earns it." but 
 he has not said how he is to get what he is entitled to. This condition of things seems 
 bad and really contrary to what it ought to be — the reverse ought to be the rule 
 and really the available law. The worthy benefactor ought generally to be run up and 
 forward, pecuniarily, while his unworthy victimizer ought occasionally, for his own 
 benefit, to be run down and backward. 
 
 O. W. GOOD, "Waynesboro. It is supposed that the ancestry of Mr. Good 
 came from North Switzerland close to the German line, to this country, and 
 settled in an early day in Lancaster County, Penn. Prom the best and most 
 authentic information that can be gathered, three brothers by the name of 
 Guth (German) settled in the above named county, and while one of the three 
 remained there, the other two moved farther west, about the year 1740, into 
 the province of Maryland close to the line disputed between Lord Baltimore 
 and William Penn, now known as " Mason and Dixon's line." These localities 
 are now best known as "Washington and Garrett Counties, Md. Christian Guth 
 settled at Leitersburg, "Washington Co. , Md. ; the other brother at Oakland, 
 Garrett Co. , Md. ; the latter, however, belongs to the original family of Goods 
 (or Guths), while Christian Good's family, only, enter into this particular 
 sketch. Christian Good and his wife, Barbara, have their burial places marked 
 by two rough marble tombstones, standing over three feet high, in the old 
 family burying-ground, two miles east of Leitersburg, Md., upon a part of 
 the farm known as the "Steven Martin place." It is something rather re- 
 markable that tombstones of this size should mark their burial place, while 
 other stones of that date are generally very small. Christian Guth reared a 
 family named as follows: Christian, Jr., Peter, Abraham, Jacob, John, David, 
 Elizabeth, Nancy and Barbara. 
 
 Jacob S. Good, the father of O. W. , and whose portrait appears elsewhere 
 in this volume, is a direct descendant of Christian Good, and was born on the 
 farm where he now resides December 9, 1819. He is a son of Christian Good, 
 Jr., and Elizabeth (Stover) Good, the former a native of Maryland, the -latter 
 of Pennsylvania and of Scotch-Irish descent. The house where he resides 
 was one of the first built in the township, and one room in it has been the birth- 
 place of three generations. The cellar, which is still one of the best to be 
 found in the country, was built with all of what were supposed to be only mod- 
 em improvements. Jacob S. was educated at the old-fashioned subscription 
 schools, and later began farming, which he has since followed and has been suc- 
 cessful. He is the owner of two fine farms consisting of 350 acres of ,well im- 
 proved land. In 1845 he married Maria, daughter of John Funk. Her par- 
 ents were of German origin and were born November 8, 1783, in "Washington 
 County, Md., and July 18, 1785 in Franklin County, Penn., respectively. 
 
944 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Christian Good, Jr., was born March 25, 1786, and his wife July 6, 1787; 
 raised a family of eight children named as follows: David M., Henry, Jacob 
 S., Daniel F., Christian, Christian, Sarah and Mary— five boys and three girls. 
 Jacob S. is a Eepublican in politics; was elected county commissioner in 1859 
 and served three years through the most exciting time of the war. His family 
 consists of two sons, O. W. and Jacob F. 
 
 O. W. Good was born in Midvale, Washington Township, Franklin Co., 
 Penn. , October 27, 1848. He received his education in his native county, and 
 followed farming several years on the farm which has been in possession of the 
 family for over three-quarters of a century. In 1876 he embarked in his pres- 
 ent business, distilling. He has lately erected the handsome three-story brick 
 hotel on Main Street, in "Waynesboro. Mr. Good is a Republican and was 
 nominated for the State Legislature, but was defeated by the Hon. John Mc- 
 Dowell Sharpe. In 1879 he married Miss Anna B., daughter of Stephen G. 
 Martin and Anna (Funk) Martin, the latter of German origin. Mrs. Good is 
 the mother of one child, Robert Elder. 
 
 Jacob F. Good (brother of O. W.), merchant, railroad and express agent at 
 Midvale, this county, where, on the old homestead he was born January 31, 
 1852, was reared on the farm, attended the common schools, the institute in 
 Waynesboro, and' the State normal school at Millersville, Penn. He farmed 
 until 1880 when he embarked in and created his present business and place of 
 business, now known as "Midvale." In 1875 he married Mary K., eldest 
 daughter of Michael Miller, Esq., of Hagerstown, Md., and they have one 
 child, J. Omar. Mrs. Good is of German descent and a member of the Breth- 
 ren Church. Politically Mr. Good is a Eepublican. 
 
 JOHN B. HAMILTON, farmer, Waynesboro, was born in Waynesboro, 
 Franklin County, Penn., March 14, 1832; son of Alexander and Jane (Besore) 
 Hamilton, the former a native of Chester County, Penn. , of German descent — ^the 
 latter born in Franklin County, Penn. , of English lineage. In 1817 Alexander 
 Hamilton walked from Chester County to Waynesboro, this county, carrying all 
 his earthly possessions in a handkerchief ; being a wagon-maker by trade, he im- 
 mediately set to work, and soon had all he could do. He built himself a shop 
 where he carried on business here for many years, and by industry, economy 
 and judiciously investing his money in real estate, succeeded in accumulating 
 a fair share of this world's goods. He was twice nominated for the State 
 Legislature but was defeated. He died in 1874 at the advanced age of eighty- 
 two years. Of his family of twelve children nine grew to manhood aind 
 womanhood. Our subject, the sixth born, grew to maturity in his native town, 
 where he attended school. He there studied portrait painting and followed 
 the profession for several years, but farming has been the main business of his 
 life, and he still superintends his farm of 136 acres in Washington Township. 
 He was married at Waynesboro in 1865 to Mary R. Clayton, sister of Hon. 
 James H. Clayton. This union was blessed with one child, Alexander, now 
 learning the jeweler's trade. Mr. Hamilton lost the partner, of his life by 
 death in 1872. In politics our subject is a Democrat. He is among the most 
 prominent Masons in Franklin County, having attained the thirty-second 
 degree. 
 
 WILLIAM HAMMETT, Waynesboro,was born inWashington County, Md., 
 August 23, 1804; son of David and Anna (Funk) Hammett, natives of- Mary- 
 land and of English and German origin, former of whom, a farmer by occu- 
 pation, came to this county in 1808. Our subject, the third in a family of five 
 children, received his education in the subscription school in the old log school- 
 house which is still standing within the corporation of Waynesboro. His life 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 945 
 
 has been one of industry, for in his youth he commenced to clerk in a store 
 in Waynesboro, kept by Messrs. Bitinger & Kesser (who were among the first 
 merchants here), where he remained a few years, and preferring mercantile 
 life embarked in business for himself, keeping a general store in Waynesboro. 
 His health failing he embarked in the iron business, and was employed as super- 
 intendent of the Caledonia Iron Works for over twenty years, and for the last 
 twelve years had entire charge of the business. When Mr. Hammett took 
 charge the company was deeply in debt, but after he took hold the business 
 prospered. He always made it a rule not to employ a man who drank intoxi- 
 cating liquors, and would discharge any one" who became intoxicated while in 
 his employ, and he attributes his success largely to this one rule. After quit- 
 ting the iron business he was employed as assistant ticket agent for the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad Company at Pittsburgh, Penn. Then for a time was super- 
 intendent of a coal mine at Plymouth, Penn., but since 1867 has lived a re- 
 tired life in Waynesboro. He is a Republican in politics. He is a member of 
 the Presbyterian Church, in which he has been elder and trustee for many 
 years. Mr. Hammett was made a Master Mason in 1825 and is still a mem- 
 ber in good standing, being probably the oldest Mason living in the county. 
 
 J. C. HESS, of the firm of Lidy & Hess, manufacturers of hosiery, Waynies- 
 boro, was born- in Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn., August 8, 
 1859, a son of Israel and Lavina (Crouse) Hess — former a native of Franklin 
 County, Penn. , of German origin; latter a native of Maryland of English origin. 
 Israel Hess has followed farming principally through life and now resides in 
 Waynesboro. J. C. Hess, the youngest of four children, two of whom are now 
 living, was reared on the farm, attended the schools of Waynesboro, and 
 worked two years at the wagon-maker' s trade. He then commenced the boiler- 
 maker' s trade with Prick & Co., at which he worked eight years; then spent 
 three years at butchering in Waynesboro. In 1885 he bought a half interest in 
 his present business ; this firm now employs from forty to fifty people. He was 
 united in marriage in 1879 to Lida, daughter of William Albert and of Ger- 
 man origin. Mr. Hess is a Republican in politics; is a member of the K. of 
 P. , in which he has passed all the chairs, and was representative to the Grand 
 Lodge; he is also a member of the I. O. 0. F., also of the encampment, his 
 lodge being the "Widows' Friend," No. 219. 
 
 SAMUEL HOEFLICH, retired merchant, Waynesboro, was born in 
 Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn., December 21, 1831; son of 
 WiUiam and Susan (Royer) Hoeflich, who were born and married in this 
 county, the former of whom, a shoemaker by occupation, was born in 1800 
 and died in 1885. Our subject's ancestors on both sides, were of German 
 origin and early settlers in Pennsylvania. Samuel Hoeflich, the oldest of 
 seven children, acquired his education in the country schools of Washington 
 Township. At the age of sixteen he obtained a position in a dry goods store 
 at Waynesboro, soon arose to prominence as a clerk, and for several years 
 was considered the leading salesman here. In 1862 he was drafted, and en- 
 listed in Company E, One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teer Infantry, and when the company was organized he was appointed orderly 
 sergeant. When the regimental of&cers were elected, the captain of Company 
 E was made lieutenant-colonel, and our subject was appointed second 
 lieutenant, in which capacity he served for ten months. Returning home he 
 continued in his former employment, clerking, and subsequently embarked in 
 business for himself at Waynesboro. In 1864 he and Joseph Price (who 
 was in the same business) combined their stores and did business under style 
 of Price & Hoeflich. This firm carried on a successful business for many 
 
946 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 years, during whicli time they both invested largely in stock of the Frick 
 Manufacturing Company, which has proven a successful investment. Mr. 
 Price finally sold his interest in the store to Mr. D. M. Good, making the 
 firm Hoeflich & Good, who continued the business for several years, when he 
 sold out his interest (in 1881), since when has not been engaged in any active 
 business. Our subject married January 10, 1865, Maria, daughter of 
 William Yandrau and of German origin. Mr. and Mrs. Hoeflich are mem- 
 bers of the Eeformed Church at "Waynesboro,- of which he has been deacon 
 and elder. For several years he has been a director in the First National 
 Bank at Waynesboro. He has ever been a public-spirited, enterprising man, 
 and took an active interest in getting the railroad here. He was one of the 
 principal movers to have the water-works established at Waynesboro. In 
 politics he is a Republican. The family attended the services of St. Paul's Re- 
 formed Church. 
 
 J. R. HOEFLICH, agent of water and gas-works, Waynesboro, was 
 born in Franklin County, Penn., Februaiy 3, 1840; a son of William and Susan 
 (Eoyer) Hoeflich, natives of this county and of German descent, former 
 of whom was a manufacturer of boots and shoes in early life, but later devoted 
 himself to farming. Our subject, the fifth in a family of seven children, was 
 reared near Waynesboro, in Washington Township, and attended school in 
 the borough. His first vacation was clerking and he was thus employed for 
 thirteen years (three years of the time in Pittsburgh) but since 1878 he has 
 devoted the larger part of his time to the insurance business and at present 
 he is general fire and life insurance agent, his office being in the water 
 company's department on East Main Street. His aim is to represent none but 
 the first-class Companies sach as the "Phoenix of London," "Phoenix of 
 Brooklyn," " Connecticut", " National of Hartford" " Fire Association of Phil- 
 adelphia" and "The Mutual Life of New York." In 1884 Mr. Hoeflich 
 was appointed agent of the water and gas-works in Waynesboro. He was 
 married in 1869 to Mary Catharine, daughter of Jacob B. Resser and of 
 Scotch-Irish origin. The children bom to this union are Luella, Mary R., 
 Nettie H., Ruby Motter. Charles Edwin. Mr. and Mrs. Hoeflich are mem- 
 bers of St. Paid's Reformed Church in Waynesboro, of which he has been dea- 
 con since 1874, and has ever taken an active interest in the Sabbath-school, 
 serving as secretary and librarian. He has served as one of the school board 
 in Waynesboro. In politics our subject is a Republican. He is a member 
 of the G. A. R. and has been sergeant-major and adjutant of the post. 
 During the late war of the Rebellion he enlisted, in 1862, in Company E, 
 One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, serving his 
 term of enlistment (nine months) as a non-commissioned ofiicer. He re- 
 enlisted in 1865, in Company D, Ninety-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. 
 
 DANIEL HOOVER, president of the Geiser Manufacturing Company, 
 Waynesboro, was born in Washington County, Md, October 19, 1833; 
 eon of David H. and Elizabeth (Zentmyerl Hoover, the former born 1796, 
 in Frederick County Md., the latter in 1803 in Washington County Md., 
 near the Mason and Dixon line, at the foot of South Mountain, where her 
 father, David Zentmyer, was engaged for many years in tanning. Their 
 early ancestors were natives of Switzerland. Ova subject, the fifth in a family 
 of eleven children, received his education in the country schools, b^ing reared 
 on the farm, and at the age of twenty-two he left the parental roof and started 
 out m life for himself, "The Geiser separator" was at that time in its in- 
 fancy. Its inventor, Peter Geiser, married Mary Hoover (sister of our 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 947 
 
 subject), so he took an interest in the new macWns and bought one of the first 
 that was sold, it having been built at Smithsburg, Md., by William 
 Frankinberry. Mr. Hoover took the machine with him to Middletown, Md. , 
 and engaged in threshing during the season of 1856. After that he followed 
 different pursuits, sometimes working on the farm, then traveling in the 
 interest of the Geiser machine (as agent), and again following threshing until 
 1866, when he became a member of the firm of Geiser, Price & Co., and took 
 his old position as traveling salesman for the firm. In January, 1868, he 
 bought one-half of J. F. Oiler's interest in. the firm and in January, 1869; 
 they secured a charter. Since then he has been occupied in various important 
 positions in the company, and in 1884 was elected its president, which posi- 
 tion he still fills. He was united in marriage February 8, 1866, with 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John and Catharine (Knave) Newcomer, of German 
 origin. Her father was a farmer. Of the children born to this union four are 
 now living: Virtue E., Ira N., Percy D., Eoy J. D. Mr. and Mrs. Hoover 
 are members of the Lutheran Church, of which he is an elder. Politically 
 our subject is a Republican. He has served as a member of the town council. 
 
 DANIEL JOHNSTON, brickmaker, Waynesboro, was born in Washington 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., August 22, 1834, a son of John and Sarah 
 (Hartman) Johnston, the former a native of Pennsylvania, the latter of Mary- 
 land, and of German and Irish descent respectively. John Johnston was a 
 brickmaker, a trade he followed for many years in this township, but now lives, 
 retired from active life, in a neat little cottage in the suburbs of Waynesboro. 
 His family consisted of seven children, four of whom still survive, Daniel being 
 the eldest. Our subject was reared in Washington Township, and has resided 
 in Waynesboro since he was eight years old. He attended the common schools, 
 learned the brickmakers trade, and subsequently that of milling ; but not liking 
 the latter, returned to his former business of brickmaking, which he has made 
 the principal business of his life and in which he has been successful. He 
 manufactured all the brick for the Geiser manufacturing shops, also a largo 
 number for the Frick & Co. , shops. When he first commenced this business 
 he made the brick by hand but he has kept pace with the times and is now 
 supplied with all the modern improvements in machinery for the manufacture 
 of brick, and which have cost him over |1,000. He has bqilt some of the hand- 
 some residences in Waynesboro, one of which he owns and occupies with hia 
 family. In 1855 he married Catharine, daughter of George Barnhart, of En- 
 glish origin. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston were the parents of the following named 
 children: Mary, wife of Daniel Koons of Pittsburgh, Penn.; H. V., wife of 
 Walter McGee; Bettie, wife of Charles Bowen; Minnie Kate, wife of William 
 Kefager, and William H. Mrs. Johnston died in 1866 and in 1868 Mr. John 
 ston married Mary Bowman, a daughter of David Bowman, of English ori 
 gin. By this union there were the following named children: John P., Alice 
 May, Missouri, Daniel V., (deceased), Nettie, Grover Cleveland and Adda 
 Grace. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a 
 Democrat; has sei-ved as constable and member of the town council. 
 
 FRANKLIN FRICK LANDIS was born near Neffsville, Lancaster Co. , 
 Penn. , February 25, 1845, a son of Benjamin N. and Lydia P. (Frick) Landis, 
 and a grandson of Abraham Landis, who was for many years (up to his death) 
 a minister in the Reformed Mennonite Church, lived near Lancaster City, Penn. , 
 all of his life, and died in the early part of 1860 in his eighty-second year. Our 
 subject is also a grandson of Jacob Frick, of near Neffsville, Lancaster Co. , 
 Penn., stillliving and enjoying good health, now past eighty -five years of age, 
 and uncle of George Frick, the well known manufacturer of Waynesboro, Penn. 
 
, ■948 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES : 
 
 Oui- subject's ancestors originally came from Switzerland, though nearly two 
 centuries have passed since they first settled in America. In or about 1847, 
 Franklin Frick Landis, who was the elder of two children (at that time), came 
 to Franklin County, Penn., with his parents, who settled on a small farm to 
 which belonged a small saw and grist-mill, driven by the Antietam Creek. This 
 propei-ty is about three miles south of Waynesboro, Penn. The father was a 
 carpenter, and being of an inventive turn of mind had made a number of im- 
 provements in the mill. He also added to the property a small sash and door 
 factory, the machinery of which was nearly all his own make, but in the midst 
 of his prospects he was, in the fall of 1855, stricken down by typhoid fever, and 
 after a lingering illness of about three months, died, leaving his family in 
 rather moderate circumstances, his widow, with seven children (the youngest 
 was bom after the father's death), being compelled to go to her people and give 
 some of the children to others to raise. Our subject, the elder, who fell to an 
 uncle's care, was early inured to labor, and his educational advantages were 
 limited to what could be obtained in the common schools during the winter 
 months, having to work on the farm the balance of the year. This sort of life 
 continued until he was seventeen, when, having convinced all of his dislike to 
 farming, he was allowed to follow his own inclinations, and in April, 1862, he 
 entered a small -machine shop at Mount Joy, Penn. There he applied himself 
 assiduously to his trade, and at the expiration of three years left the smoky 
 shop with a more thorough knowledge of his ignorance, and the outlines (in a 
 rather rude or crude way) of a very useful trade or profession. He next went 
 to Lancaster City, Penn. , where he obtained a good position in a locomotive 
 shop (at that time known as the Norris Locomotive Works), at a fair salary, 
 and remained with the same firm until their works closed and he was thrown 
 out of employment at a time he could illy afford to be idle, for his mother had 
 moved to Lancaster and, with his assistance, was trying to get part of her fam- 
 ily together. Our subject then proposed to follow Horace Greeley's advice to 
 " go west, " but was dissuaded by his mother, who thought that sooner or later 
 there woidd be a wide scope for his mechanical ingenuity in the East. Soon 
 after this, while our subject was talking to Mr. Jacob Stouffer, of Lancaster 
 City (who did a good business as a patent solicitor), in a discouraged way 
 about obtaining work, a client of Mr. Stouffer stepped into his office, having 
 a crude model of an invention. Mr. Stou£fer told him he roust have a complete 
 model of his invention, and turning to Mr. Landis said he had some trouble 
 in getting good models built, and if he could make models he could give him 
 comparatively steady employment. With bright prospects our subject started a 
 small shop in a room of about 12x14 feet, spending most of his earnings for tools, 
 «tc. and in a short time was at work making models, repairing sewing machines, 
 locks, engraving door-plates, putting up door-bells, etc., doing a good busi- 
 ness in a, small way for nearly two years. He subsequently took a younger 
 brother into partnership. They soon began manufacturing steam engines and 
 did general machine work, continuing until 1872, when they sold out. Our sub- 
 ject then filled a salaried position as master mechanic at the' same business 
 for four years and a half. In 1876 he and another brother embarked in a 
 bnsmess of manufacturing portable frame engines. The mechanical part of 
 the business was a success but the financial part was a failure, and in the fall 
 of 1878 they were obliged to make an assignment for the pui-pose of placing 
 aU theu: creditors on an equality, the sudden crash being caused by a business 
 &cm failmg who had bought the bulk of their products that year. Francis 
 Hershy of Mount Joy, Penn. (brother-in-law of our subject), bought the bulk of 
 the tools, fixtures, finished and unfinished materials, and afterward the prop- 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 949" 
 
 erty. Through his kind assistance the Landises were enabled to start the 
 works and ultimately to pay all indebtedness, which at that time was 18, 000' 
 to $10,000. The Geiser Manufacturing Company at that time contem- 
 plating the manufacture of a portable steam engine in connection with 
 their grain-thresher business, concluded, in the fall of 1879, to try to makfr 
 some arrangement to get the Landis engine to build. The company then 
 offered Mr. Landis (our subject) a position on a salary in their works, 
 and to enter into a contract with him to pay him a royalty on all engines 
 they built with his improvements. This offer was accepted, and our subject 
 has since been employed as their mechanical engineer. He has constantly 
 been improving the company's machinery and has many valuable patents, 
 among which may be mentioned a traction engine or road locomotive and a. 
 steam plow. Mr. Landis has built himself a residence in Waynesboro which is- 
 equipped with every modern convenience and is one of the most complete in 
 the town. He was united in marriage in 1869 with Elizabeth Hershy, a. 
 native of Lancaster County, Penn., and daughter of Rev. Samuel Hershy, a. 
 Mennonite minister, who died February 27, 1885, in his eighty -first year; his 
 ancestors came from Switzerland, but for four generations have lived in 
 America. Eight chOdren were born to this union: Ida May, Benjamin P., 
 Mary H. , Lizzie H. , Anna E. , Adria, Prank H. and Mark H. , of whom only 
 four are living. Benjamin P. died in his seventh year: Mary H. , in her eighth 
 year; Adria, when but an infant, and Frank H. in his fifteenth month. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Landis are members of the Reformed Mennonite Church. 
 
 DANIEL S. LESHER, retired farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born on 
 the farm where he now resides, May 3, 1839, a son of John and Mary (SoUen- 
 berger) Lesher, natives of Pennsylvania and of German origin. The father 
 followed farming all his life, and died in 1881. His family consisted of three- 
 children, Daniel S. being the second. Our subject was educated in the school 
 of his neighborhood, and followed agriculture, but at present is living retired. 
 from active life, on his well improved farm of 160 acres. His paternal and 
 maternal ancestors were among the early German settlers of Pennsylvania, 
 and generally followed farming. His great-great-grandfather, Henry Lesher, 
 emigrated from Shaffhausea, near Zweibrlioken at Ebersten Hoff, Switzer- 
 land, to the American colonies at the age of sixteen, with fifty-three other 
 families, on the ship "James Goodwill," David Crocket, captain, from Rot- 
 terdam, and landed at Philadelphia, Penn., on September 27, 1727. In 1807 
 our subject's grandfather. Rev. Christian Lesher, settled in Washington Town- 
 ship, Franklin Co. , Penn. , and in 1808 purchased the farm on which our sub- 
 ject now lives. He was a minister of the River Brethren denomination, 
 preached many years in this State and in Ohio, and died in 1856. 
 
 JACOB S. LESHER, farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in Washington 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., October 18, 1842, a son of John and Mary 
 (Solenberger) Lesher. His paternal and maternal ancestors were among the 
 early German settlers of Pennsylvania. His great-great-grandfather, Henry 
 Lesher, the progenitor of the Lesher family, with about 200 others, emi- 
 grated from Shaffhausen, Switzerland, to the American colonies in the ship 
 "James Goodwill," David Crockett being captain, and landed at Philadel- 
 phia September 27, 1727, and subsequently moved to Lancaster County, near 
 Manheim, where he pursued the vocation of farming. Our subject's grand- 
 father, Rev. Christian Lesher, moved from Lancaster County to this town- 
 ship in 1807, and a wooden plow brought along and used by him is now in pos- 
 ession of our subject, who regards it as a relic. He has also in his possess- 
 ion, a German Bible, in a perfect state of preservation, published at Zurich, in 
 
950 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 1538, and brought from Switzerland by his grandfather's ancestors, and 
 which has since been in possession of the family. Our subject, who is the 
 youngest-, of two children, spent his early years on the farm with his parents, 
 and his education was acquired at the common schools. Being of a very in- 
 genious turn of mind he took up the business of watchmaking, which he has 
 followed from his boyhood. He has in his possession a wooden watch made 
 by hand by himself, which weighs two ounces, and which keeps regular time. 
 Mr. Lesher has taken several extended trips to the Western States and Territo- 
 ries, during which time he was engaged in collecting and preserving rare speci- 
 mens of birds, animals, Indian relics, etc. His museum is considered the 
 largest and most valuable private collection of stuffed animals and birds and 
 relics in the county. The farm where he now resides consists of 130 acres of 
 fine land located on the Hagerstown and Waynesboro pike, near Waynesboro, 
 whither he removed in 1883, since which time he has superintended the farm 
 and followed watchmaking. In 1882 Mr. Lesher married Lizzie A. , daughter 
 of Daniel Hollinger, and of German origin; to this union two children have 
 been born: Vierda May and Daniel H. ■ Mr. Lesher is a Republican and is 
 serving as school director. 
 
 G. FRANK LIDY of the firm of Lidy & Hess, manufacturers of hosiery, 
 Waynesboro, was born in Quincy Township, this county, January 18, 1843, 
 son of George and Susannah (Feids) Lidy, natives of Franklin County, Penn., 
 and of German and English origin. His father (a tanner by trade) and his 
 mother both died in the year 1872. They were the parents of two sons, Sam- 
 uel J. and G. Frank. The boys grew to manhood in this county, attending the 
 common schools and learning the machinist's trade, which Samuel J. still fol- 
 lows, at Pittsburgh, Penn. Our subject learned his trade of George Frick, 
 with whom he worked in aU seven years. He enlisted in 1863 in the Twenty- 
 first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and was honorably discharged 
 in 1864 at expiration of his term of service; he then re-enlisted in the Seven- 
 teenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served as bugler in both regiments. He was 
 discharged at the close of the war, and though wounded lost no limbs. Re- 
 turning home Mr. Lidy entered the employ of Mr. Frick, his former instructor, 
 and was with him until the Frick company was established. He made wood 
 work, also studied and became a good draftsman, and it was he who drew 
 up the plan for the shops of Frick & Co., and superintended the work, he 
 bemg the chief architect and builder. In 1879 our subject embarked in busi- 
 ness on his own account, in company with Samuel J. Lecron, in the manufact- 
 ure of doors, sash and blinds, and it was then that he contracted to build the 
 shops of the company. In 1884 the present business was established, and the 
 firm have been doing well here, employing fifty people when running a fuU set 
 of burrs. Mr. Lidy was married in 1864 to Elizabeth Dickie, of German 
 ongin, and of the five children born to them four are now living: Bertie, Mary 
 Rose and Isaac Henry. Mrs. Lidy is a member of the Reformed Church! 
 Our subject is a Republican politically; a member of the K. of P., and adju- 
 tant of Captain Walker Post, No. 287, G. A R , auju 
 
 WILLIAM LOGUE, retired farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in Wash- 
 ^^ ?W ?T ^' ^'^;'- S^Pt^'Sber 10, 1824, a son of William and Martha 
 (Walker) Logue, natives of Scotland and Ireland, respectively. They were 
 
 ^^^r'?/°l '/i''^ IT ^^"^ '^^" ^ ^°»«"«^ ^^d settled in Mainland. 
 
 Their family consisted of five children, of whom William is the third ^ Our 
 subject was reared on the farm and educated in the district school. His father 
 
 tr/r,;ort t ' ^S^'" T!^^ ^^ '^' ^°"*^ *« P^y °ff t"« indebtedness, and 
 to support his mother and the younger children, which he continued to do for 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 951 
 
 eight years. In 1844 he came to Franklin County, Penn. , and engaged in 
 farming, which has been his principal business. He has also dealt largely in 
 horses, and lately sold one of his farms for $16,000. In 1851 he married 
 Christine Snowberger, daughter of David Snowberger. Mr. and Mrs. Logue 
 are members of the Reformed Church, in which he has been a deacon. In 
 politics he is a Democrat. While a resident of Quincy Township, this county, 
 he served as assessor and a member of the election board. He is a self-made 
 man, having acquired all that he has by his own industry and perseverance. 
 
 MICHAEL LOpfiABAUGH, farmer and proprietor of the Pen Mar Club 
 House, P. O. Eowzersville, was born in this county on the farm where he now 
 resides. May 1, 1836, a son of John and Elizabeth (Miller) Lookabaugh, latter 
 of Irish parentage. His father was born in Adams County, Penn. , of German 
 descent, and lived to the advanced age of eighty-nine years; he was a strong 
 temperance man, using neither whisky nor tobacco; he was twice married, and 
 became the father of twelve children. Michael, his first child by the second 
 wife, received a rudimentary education, and from his youth up has been 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits, buying and selling horses, etc. , and has made 
 money by good investments. The club house pays him 1100 per month rent; 
 it is 70x24 feet, and was built in 1880. In 1857 Mr. Lookabaugh married 
 Rebecca Flannig, a daughter of Frederick Flannig, and of German and Irish 
 origin. Of the'ten children born to this union seven are now living, the eldest 
 being married. Mr. Lookabaugh is a Republican. He has served as consta- 
 ble and tax collector for nine successive years. 
 
 DAVID BOWLES MARTIN, editor and proprietor of the Gazette and 
 job office, and hardware merchant, Waynesboro, was born in Franklin County, 
 Penn. , May 22, 1827, son of Nicholas and Elenora (Bowles) Martin, natives of 
 Washington County, Md. , and of English and German origin, former of whom 
 was a farmer and miller by occupation. Our subject, the youngest of two chil- 
 dren born to his parents, was reared in this county; received his education in 
 Marshall College, in Franklin County, and then followed his father' s occupation 
 until 1873, when he embarked in the hardware business. He was married in 
 1853 to Mary A. , daughter of Capt. John Cushwa, and of French and Ger- 
 man origin, and their children are John C. , a partner with his father in busi- 
 ness; N- B., an attorney; Rose, wife of Prof. M. M. Garver; Minnie, widow 
 of John Lowe; Jessie, wife of James B. Fisher, editor by profession. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Maftin are members of the Reformed Church, of which he is elder. He 
 is a Republican in politics. 
 
 N. BRUCE MARTIN, attorney and editor, Waynesboro, was born at Welsh 
 Ran, Franklin Co., Penn., March 15, 1854, a son of D. B. Martin, of Waynes- 
 boro (see sketch). He grew to manhood in Franklin County, and received his 
 education at Mercersburg College, where he graduated in the regular classical' 
 course in 1874. He then took up the study of law in the office of Col. George 
 W. Brewer, of Chambersburg, Penn., and was admitted to practice in the 
 courts of Franklin County in 1878. The first three years he practiced his 
 profession in Chambersburg, but in 1882 came to WayneS;boro, and bought 
 a one-half interest in the Keystone Gazette. He conducts the editorial depart- 
 ment of this journal in connection with his law practice, his office being located 
 near the Gazette building. April 30, 1884, he married Miss Catherine Cushwa, 
 a daughter of Victor and Mary A. (Kreigh) Cushwa, former of French and 
 German origin, latter of English and Irish descenti^ To Mr. and Mrs. Martin 
 two children were bom: Joseph B. (deceased) and F. Gerald. The parents are 
 members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Martin is a Republican. He served 
 three years as secretary and attorney for the directors of the poor of Franklin 
 
952 BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES: 
 
 County, and has for several years filled the oflSce of solicitor for the borough 
 of Waynesboro. As a writer and composer he has but few equals in this 
 county. 
 
 ABRAHAM MICKLET, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Waynesboro, was 
 bom in Washington County, Md. , near the Mason and Dixon line, September 26, 
 1834. His parents, Daniel and Elizabeth (Zettle) Mickley, were natives of Adams 
 County, Penn. His father was bom December 8, 1795, served in the war of 1812 ; 
 was a farmer and settled here in 1828, near the line, where he remained until he 
 retired in 1861, when he removed to Waynesboro. His family consisted of twelve 
 children, all of whom grew to maturity and of whom our subject is the eighth. 
 Thfe earliest years of our subject were spent on the farm with his parents and 
 in attending the country schools, and subsequently he attended Franklin and 
 Marshall College, where he remained one year, since which time he has been 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits. His brother, John, was a Union soldier in 
 the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was killed in a skirmish in Vir- 
 ginia. His eldest brother, Peter, was killed by lightning. Abraham was 
 married in 1861 to Elizabeth, daughter of George and Mary Ann (Winters) 
 Stephey, natives of Washington County, Md., and of German origin. To this 
 union the following named children were born: Harvey, who graduated at 
 Franklin and Marshall College June 18, 1886; Emma, Daniel and Nora Grace. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Mickley are members of the Reformed Church. He is a Repub- 
 lican in politics; takes an active interest in school affairs and has served as 
 school director of th^ township. 
 
 DAVID MILLER, P. O. Blue Ridge Summit, proprietor of the "Cler- 
 mont Summer Resort," was bom April 17, 1826, in Lebanon County, Penn., 
 his parents, David and Sarah (Prensler) Miller, were also natives of Lebanon 
 County, and his paternal and maternal ancestors were among the early Ger- 
 man settlers of Pennsylvania. His father, who died in 1870, a farmer by oc- 
 cupation, had a family of feight children, of whom David is the fourth. The 
 earliest education of our subject was received from his parents on the farm, 
 but later he attended the college at Mercersburg and Lancaster County College. 
 He is a Republican in politics, but has never held any county office. He owns 
 150 acres of land and. the " Clermont Summer Resort," which is numbered 
 among the handsome places of Pennsylvania. 
 
 D. R. MILLER, fanner, P. O. Waynesboro, is descended from an early 
 German settler of Pennsylvania, and was born in Washington Township, 
 Franklin Co., Penn., May 21, 1836. His parents, John and Eve (Car- 
 baugh) MiUer, were also natives of Washington Township, and both were de- 
 scended from German ancestry. The great-grandfather of our subject, Henry 
 Miller, served all through the Revolutionary war, and took up a large tract of 
 land m Washington Township, Franklin County, the deed of which is still in 
 possession of the family, bearing date of 1786; this land has since continued in 
 tte possession of the family, and has passed from one generation to another. 
 D. R. Miller, the youngest of three children, was reared on the farm and edu- 
 cated in the schools of his native township. He chose farming as his occupa- 
 tion, and owns 341 acres of land, well improved. In 1859 he married Anna, 
 daughter of David Shank, a prominent farmer. Mrs. Miller is of German or- 
 igin, and has borne her husband six children: Morris Edgar, Walter E K 
 Ajma, Da^d S., John F and Margie A. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are members 
 of the Reformed Church, of which he has been deacon and Sabbath-school 
 librarian for years. He is a Democrat in politics. WhUe the grange was in 
 existence he was an active member of that organization 
 
 JOHN J. MILLER, merchant, Waynesboro, was bom in Newton Town- 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 953 
 
 ship, Cumberland Co., Penn., November 17, 1843, a son of Jacob and 
 Catherine (Diven) Miller, former of Swiss descent, latter of German-Irish 
 origin. His father followed tanning for many years in Cumberland County, 
 Penn.; his family consisted of eight children, one of whom, William H., a 
 Union soldier, was taken prisoner at the battle of Winchester, anddied while in 
 prison. Our subject was reared in Newton Township, Cumberland Co. , and re- 
 ceived his education in the common schools. When he reached his majority he 
 embarked in business for himself at Oakville, where he continued for six years ; 
 then in 1873 came to Waynesboro, and embarked in his present business, deal- 
 ing in hats, caps, bot)ts' and shoes, on the northeast corner of the square. He 
 aims to have one price on his goods and, therefore, treats all alike, which 
 brings to his store many of the best citizens of Waynesboro and vicinity. He 
 was married in 1872 to Mary, daughter of Jacob Holainger, and of German 
 origin, a member of the German Baptist Church. In politics Mr. Miller is a 
 Republican. He is a successful business man. 
 
 REV. ISAAC M. MOTTER, pastor of St. Paul's Reformed Church, 
 Waynesboro, was born in Emmitsburg, Md., January 19, 1852, a son of Lewis 
 and Alice (Rudissell) Motter, natives of Maryland and of German origin. The 
 father is a farmer, living at Emmitsburg, Md. Our subject is the fifth in a 
 family of eight children. His early education was obtained in schools of the Em- 
 mitsburg, and subsequently he attended Mercersburg College, where he gradu- 
 ated in 1878; then entered the theological seminary, and graduated in 1876. 
 In the same year he was ordained, and installed over the charge of his present 
 church in Waynesboro. He was married in 1879 to Ada S., daughter of Sam- 
 uel and Kunkel, and of German origin. She is the mother of four children; 
 Lewis, Guy, John C. and Lida. 
 
 T. S. NEVIN, proprietor of confectionery, baker,, and grocery store, 
 Waynesboro, was born March 21, 1841, in Franklin County, Penn. , of Scotch- 
 Irish origin. His paternal and maternal ancestors were early settlers ol Penn- 
 sylvania. His father, A. G. Nevin, was a railroad contractor in early life 
 and postmaster at Waynesboro from 1864 to 1866, and again from 1868 to 
 1875; he died in 1875. He was united in marriage with Matilda Ripple, who 
 bore him eight children, seven of whom lived to be men and women. Our 
 subject, the second born, has spent the most of his life in his native town, and 
 here attended school. His first business occupation was working in a dairy at 
 his uncle's, in Baltimore, Md., where he remained for seven years, the last two 
 as proprietor of the business. In 1865 he engaged in the wholesale flour and 
 grain business at 203 North Street, Baltimore, Md. In 1869 he associated 
 with him Jos. H. Allen, of Baltimore, the firm name being Nevin & Allen, and 
 they were the pioneers in Baltimore's large grain trade, having brought to Bal- 
 timore the first corn from west of the Mississippi for export. In 1871 our sub- 
 ject went to Kansas and dealt in stock. He returned to Baltimore in 1875 and 
 clerked in a flour and grain commission house until 1877, when he came to 
 Waynesboro and embarked in his present business. He is energetic, industri- 
 ous and well deserving of the liberal patronage he has received since coming 
 here. He states that he handles goods on a small margin, and that his motto, 
 "quick sales and small profits," will insure success and keep away all stale 
 goods. Mr. Nevin was married in 1877, to Mary A. Hodnette, a native of 
 Philadelphia, Penn. , and of German origin, and their children are Bruce E. , 
 Edith A. , Mary Lee, Julia R. and William G. Mr. and Mrs. Nevin are members 
 of the Methodist Church in which he is steward and trustee. He takes an act- 
 ive interest in the Sabbath-school as teacher and has served as superintendent 
 
 B4 
 
954 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 of the Waynesboro Methodist Episcopal Sabbath-school. In politics he is a. 
 Eepublican. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. 
 
 SAMUEL NICODEMTJS, retired farmer, P. O. ZuUinger, was born in 
 Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn., March 25, 1825, a son of 
 John and Margaret (Potter) Nicodemus, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Ger- 
 man origin, the former of whom, a farmer and distiller by occupation, died 
 in 1828. His family consisted of nine children, Samuel being the youngest. 
 The early education Of oar subject was received in the common schools, and from 
 his youth up he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He now owns 210 
 acres of well improved land. In 1847 he married Catherine, daughter of John 
 Lechron, of Waynesboro, and of German origin. Mr. and Mrs. Nicodemus. 
 are parents of the following named children: John, owner of a fine fruit farm; 
 D. O. and A. L., farmers; Arminta, wife of Franklin Miller, and Dora, wif& 
 of H. Marshall. Mr. and Mrs. Nicodemus are members of the Eeformed 
 Church, in which he has been elder and deacon. In politics he is a Democrat, 
 and has held most of the township offices. 
 
 JACOB F. OLLER, bishop of the German Baptist Church and assistant 
 treasurer of the Geiser Manufacturing Company, Waynesboro, was born in 
 Washington Township, this county, January 18, 1825, son of Joseph and Ee- 
 becca (Stoner) Oiler, natives of Maryland and Franklin County, Penn. , respect- 
 ively, and of German origin. Joseph Oiler was a mechanic in early life, and 
 worked at his trade, but in later years followed farming. Our subject, the third 
 bom in a family of eight children, received his education in the district schools, 
 remaining on the farm with his parents until twenty years of age when, 
 for a time, he taught school in winter and worked on the farm in the summer. 
 He subsequently clerked in a dry goods store and then embarked in business in 
 company with John Philips, conducting a general store in Waynesboro for 
 two years, when they sold out, and Mr. Oiler returned to the scenes of his 
 childhood, where he followed farming for ten years with more than average 
 success. He then left the farm and kept a general store in Quincy Township, 
 this county, for two years. In 1866, when the Geiser, Price & Co. manufact- 
 ory was established, he became one of the partners in the firm, which has 
 since merged into the Geiser Manufacturing Company, and Mr. Oiler has 
 filled every office from president down (when they first started he did all the- 
 office work), and it is from his own choice that he is now only assistant treas- 
 urer. Our subject was married July 20, 1848, to Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Jacob and Susan (Hullinger) Bonebreake, and of German origin. The chil- 
 dren bom to this union are Joseph J. , treasurer of the Geiser Manufacturing 
 Company; Eebecca, wife of C. C. Stull; Susan, wife of Joseph E. Eoher; 
 Jesse E. ; Anna, wife of Silas E. Dubbal; May and John B. Our subject has 
 long been a member of the German Baptist Church, serving as minister thirty- 
 one years and receiving his ordination as bishop in 1883. 
 
 WILLIAM TELL OMWAKE, attorney, Waynesboro, was born in Antrim 
 Township, this county. May 23, 1856, son of Henry and Eveline (Beaver) Om- 
 wake, also natives of Franklin County, and of German descent. His father in 
 early life was a teacher, but in later years retired from his profession and 
 bought a farm near Greencastle, this county, where he now resides. Our sub- 
 ject, the second bom in a family of nine children, was reared on the farm and 
 his earliest education was acquired in the country school, but he subsequently 
 attended a private school at Greencastle, this county, and Ursinus College in 
 Montgomery County, Penn. He followed the early avocation of his father for 
 a few years: read law in Chambersburg, Penn., in the office of ex-Juie F M 
 Kimmell; was admitted to the bar in 1881 and in 1882 commenced th^practice- 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 955 
 
 of his chosea profession in Waynesboro, in the office with L. W. Detrick, who 
 died the same year, since when Mr. Omwake has been alone and has been very 
 successful. He was admitted to practice law in the supreme courts in 1886.. 
 He is an active member of the German Eeformed Church in which he is a 
 deacon. Politically he is a Democrat. 
 
 JOHN PHILIPS, cashier of the First National Bank of Waynesboroy 
 Penn., was born February 17, 1821. His maternal grandfather, John Eichel- 
 berger, a native of Frederick County, Md. , was a Revolutionary soldier, and 
 fought bravely at the battles of Bunker Hill, Lexington, and throughout th(» 
 war, distinguishing himself in many of the conflicts of that eventful period. 
 He married Mary Leonard, a daughter of Michael Leonard, a native of Ger~ 
 many, and who settled in Reading, Penn. They had six children, their daughter 
 Mary maiTying Thomas Philips, July 25, 181 1. near Frederick City, Md. 
 Thomas Philips was a native of Virginia; his father, Thomas Philips, was au 
 Englishman, who settled in Virginia, and died near Leesburg, leaving three 
 young children — Thomas, Israel and Elizabeth — to the care of their widoire<i 
 mother. Thomas Philips, the father of John, was engaged in the milling; 
 business in Washington County, Md. , during the greater portion of his life, 
 dying February 19, 1844, in the fifty-sixth year of his age, at Hagerstown, 
 Md. Thomas and Mary Philips had six children: Thomas, a doctor; William 
 and Samuel, clergymen; Israel, a miller; two daughters, both dying in infancy; 
 and John, our subject, who was the only child born in this State and county. 
 Educated privately in Washington County, Md. , he received, at an early age, 
 his business training, in Shepherdstown, Va. Thence he remoYed to his home 
 in Hagerstown, Md. In 1845 he located in Waynesboro, Penn., and was 
 here engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1856, when he became chief factor 
 in the organization of the savings bank, out of which grew the First National 
 Bank of Waynesboro, in 1863, since which period he has been the cashier. 
 Under his conservative management, the bank has paid regular semi-annual 
 dividends of over nine per cent per annum, clear of all taxes (since its organiza- 
 tion), which, in the aggregate, amount to more than double its capital; and ita 
 stock has maintained a premium of over thirty per cent for the last fifteen, or 
 more, years. His familiarity with commercial and banking law peculiarly 
 fitted him for the judicious management of the bank, and as a safe advisory 
 member of the several manufacturing corporations, of which boards he is a 
 member. Few banks and corporations, if any, have been so free from litiga- 
 tion as those with which he has been connected in the management. About 
 the year 1872 he interested himself in the establishment of manufactories, 
 and was chiefly instrumental in the organization of the three large maoiifac- 
 taring copapanies, viz. : The Geiser Company, American Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, and the present Frick Steam Engine and Boiler Works, the latt«r of 
 which he was president of from its organization, in 1873, until March, 1886. 
 He is a director of the American Manufacturing Company since its organiza- 
 tion, in 1882. Mr. Philips is the patentee of the self regulating windmill, 
 having obtained his patent in 1855. Vhe same year, it took first prize in the 
 State fair of Indiana. He married Susan, second daughter of John Clayton, 
 of Waynesboro, Penn. , and sister of the Hon. J. H. Clayton, whose sketcb 
 appears elsewhere. They have a son and daughter now living, Clayton and 
 Grace, the former of whom holds a clerical position as an assistant to his 
 father in the bank. Mr. Philips and his wife have been connected with the 
 Presbyterian Church since 1846, and for a number of years Mr. Philips has 
 held the position of treasurer of the trustees. 
 
 JOSEPH PRICE, president of the First National Bank, Waynesboro, was 
 
9o6 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 born on a farm two miles north of Waynesboro, in Quincy Township, this 
 county. His parents, Jacob and Susan (Emmert) Price, were natives of Penn- 
 sylvania and Maryland respectively, and of German origin. The Prices were 
 among the early settlers of Pennsylvania, our subject's grandfather, Jacob 
 Price, being born in this State in 1765; he was an early settler of this county 
 and died in his seventy-fifth year. Joseph Price, the second born in a 
 family of eight children, was reared on the farm which was settled by his 
 grandfather in 1786, and which is still in possession of the family. Joseph 
 Price remained on the farm with his parents until he was eighteen years old, 
 and his education was acquired in a country school and Lititz, Lancaster Co. , 
 Penn., where he attended school one year, 1849-50. From January, 1851, 
 to April, 1853, he was engaged in the drug business at Boonsboro, Md. , but 
 in the latter year he removed to Waynesboro, this county, where he was actively 
 engaged in the dry goods business alone until 1864; from then he had a partner 
 (firm being Price & Hoeflich) until 1879, when he sold out to D. M. Good. 
 Since the establishment of Frick Manufacturing Company in 1873, Mr. 
 Price has been a stockholder and director in the concern. In 1873 he was 
 elected president of the First National Bank of Waynesboro, in which capacity 
 he still serves. He is a Republican in politics. He is a member of the Pres- 
 byterian Church, and since 1873 has served as elder; he takes an active inter- 
 est in the Sabbath-school, of which he is now superintendent. He is treasurer 
 of the Baltimore & Cumberland Valley EaUroad, and contributed both time and 
 money toward getting the railroad to this point. 
 
 WILLIAM A. PRICE, barber, Waynesboro, was born in that place March 
 4, 1837, son of George and Lydia (Hoover) Price, both of German origin — 
 former, by trade a shoemaker, born in Frederick County, Md. , latter born in 
 Waynesboro. Our subject, the seventh in a family of twelve children, six 
 of whom are still living, attended the schools of Waynesboro and chose the 
 barber's trade, at which he has since worked in different places, but most of 
 the time in Waynesboro where he has been actively engaged in business since 
 1865. He was married in 1856 to Martha Ann Forney, daughter of Marks 
 Forney and of German origin. Mr. and Mrs. Price are members of the Re- 
 formed Church. In politics he is a Democrat. He enlisted in 1861 in Com- 
 pany A, Second Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served three months; 
 later he enlisted in the Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, and was first 
 duty sergeant of Company D. He served in all four years, three months and 
 fourteen days. 
 
 3. B. KINEHART, president of Frick Manufacturing Company, Waynes- 
 Sboro, was born in Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn., January 5, 
 tt839, son of Samuel and Catharine (Bonebrake) Rinehart, of German origin. 
 'TJe former was born in Virginia May 12, 1811; the latter in Pennsylvania June 
 13, 1807; they were married March 31, 1831. Our subject's grandfather, 
 Lewis RmehuTt, moved from Virginia to Franklin County, Penn., in 1828, 
 settlmg oa a farm one mile east of Waynesboro. Samuel Rinehart was educa- 
 ted an the common schools of Virginia, and was a farmer by occupation; his 
 wife was a daughter of Conrad Bonebreak; their union was blessed with eight 
 children-: John, Susan, Mary, Samuel B., Lewis, Heniy, Daniel and Catharine, 
 ^aU BOW living but Lewis, who died February 9, 1877. Samuel B. Rinehart 
 was reared on the farm in this township and attended the district school and 
 -the Waynesboro and MillersviUe Normal School. He followed farming until 
 •*wen^ years of age, and then for five years divided his time between teaching 
 cand farming (teaching in winters). In 1865 he embarked in the hardwarl 
 'business at Waynesboro, which he continued for several years, meeting with 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 957 
 
 marked success. (During his business life here he had several partners. ) In 
 1883 he sold his interest in the hardware business, went west and spent 
 some time in Kansas, where he met many relatives whom he had never seen 
 before. In the same year (1883) he was appointed agent for Frick Manu- 
 facturing Company, and served in this capacity until 1886, when he was elected 
 presideiit of the company. He was united in marriage September 29, 1868, in 
 Washington County, Md. , with Lizzie, daughter of Rev. Joseph F. Kohrer. 
 Her parents were natives of Maryland, of German origin, and members of 
 the German Baptist Church of which Mrs. Eipehart is also a member. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Rinehart have three children now living: Elmer, Eohrer, Archie- 
 Yard. In politics our subject is a Republican. 
 
 HENRY RINEHART, farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born January 2, 
 1844, on the farm where he now resides and which he owns, a son of Samuel 
 (a farmer) and Catherine (Bonebrake) Rinehart, natives of Pennsylvania and of 
 German origin (see sketch of S. B. Rinehart). They had a family of eight 
 children, of which oiu' subject is the sixth. Henry Rinehart was reared on the- 
 farm, and attended the common schools. All his life he has been engaged in- 
 agricultural pursuits, and now owns the well improved farm of ninety acres, 
 where he resides.. His success in life is largely due to his industry and per- 
 severance. He was married in 1868 to Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and 
 Barbara (Burger) Garver. She is a native of Maryland, and of English 
 descent. Two children have blessed this union, Harvey B. and Ira G. In, 
 politics Mr. Rinehart is a Republican. 
 
 DANIEL D. RINEHART, farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in 
 Washington Tswnship, Franklin Co., Penn., April 13, 1847, a son of Samuel 
 and Catherine (Bonebrake) Rinehart, the former a farmer, born in Virginia ;^ 
 the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of English and German origin, respective- 
 ly. They had a family of eight children, Daniel D. being next to the young- 
 est. Our subject was reared on the farm where he now resides, owned by heirs 
 of Samuel Rinehart, and was educated at the district school. Since youth he- 
 has been engaged in agricultural pursuits, in which he has met with succeps.. 
 In 1880 he married C. S. Stouffer, a daughter of Abraham Stouffer, and of 
 German origin. Mr. and Mrs. Rinehart have two children: Leslie S. and Katie- 
 May. Mr. and Mrs. Rinehart are members of the German Baptist Church; 
 politically he is a Republican. 
 
 PETER ROUZER, Rowzersville, was born in Frederick County, Md., June- 
 29, 1837, a son of Martin (a farmer and tanner) and Rosanna (Gernand) Eou- 
 zer, natives of Frederick County, Md. , and of English and German origin, the- 
 former of whom died in 1847. They reared a family of seven children, Peter 
 being the third. Our subject was reared on the farm, and attended the com- 
 mon schools. He first embarked in the huckstering business, which he has, 
 since followed, also farming to some extent, and is the owner of a farm andi 
 some mountain land. He put up the first building on the mountain where- 
 Pen Mar now stands. This building was a warehouse, and was erected by him. 
 and Reuben Shover after the railroad was built. In order to secure a site for 
 the warehouse, Mr. Eouzer proceeded to pile away the brush, and while thus 
 employed was asked by some hunters what he. intended doing; when he told 
 them that he was going to build a warehouse, they remarked, "You are crazy," 
 and passed on; but the enterprise proved a success. At this point the railway 
 company have a station, and it is a shipping point for charcoal, in the burning; 
 of which Mr. Rouzer is also engaged. Our subject is a Republican in politics,. 
 andhas held most of the offices in Washington Township; has been for twenty- 
 six years a member of the I. O. O. F. In 1859 he married Mary J. HawJi, of 
 
<958 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 German origin, and they have the following named children: Charles, a tele- 
 graph operator, station agent, merchant and farmer; Emma, wife of John 
 W. Hess, an engineer; Clara; Katie; Eosa and Carrie. Mrs. Eouzer is 
 a member of the Lutheran Church. The village of Rowzersville takes its 
 name from our subject. 
 
 JACOB F. RYDER, manufacturer of the portable furnace and washer. 
 Waynesboro, was born in Franklin County, Penn. , February 26, 1854, a son 
 of Benjamin L. and Anna (Frick) Ryder; the former a native of Franklin 
 County, Penn. , the latter of Washington County, Md. ; they were of German 
 and Scotch origin. Benjamin L. Ryder was a horticuJturist, the inventor of 
 several patents; was also a physician, having graduated in the State of New 
 York. He practiced in the city of Philadelphia, and subsequently moved to 
 Chambersburg, this county, where he still resides. His family consisted of 
 four sons and two daughters; our subject, the second son, received his educa- 
 tion at the common schools, and at the age of fifteen took charge of his fath- 
 er's fruit farm, which he managed with success; he also did much to improve 
 the Jihoroughbred stock of this part of the country, and raised the finest breed 
 of chickens, of which he is justly proud. In 1878 he embarked in the manu- 
 iacturing business, and for several years was superintendent of the American 
 manufactory at Waynesboro, and in 1886 entered his present business. He is 
 the owner of a neat, substantial residence, where he now resides. In 1880 
 te married Alice B., daughter of Stephen G. Martin; she is a native of Mary- 
 land, and of Irish and German origin; they have one child, Benjamin. Mr. 
 Hyder is a Republican in politics. 
 
 DAVID C. SHANK, coal merchant, Waynesboro, was born November 4, 
 1848, in Franklin County, Penn. , son of David and Susan (Carbaugh) Shank, 
 also natives of this county. Our subject's paternal and maternal ancestors, 
 ■who were farmers, were among the early pioneers of Pennsylvania, and of 
 German origin. His father is a wealthy influential retired farmer, now resid- 
 ing on a farm in Washington Township, this county. Of the six children 
 born to David and Susan Shank, five are now living. David C. , the only son, 
 vfa,B reared on the farm, attending the schools of Washington Township. He 
 "wisely chose farming as his occupation, and followed agriculture with success 
 until 1882, when he sold out his stock and came to Waynesboro; here for two 
 years and a half he was employed by Frick & Co., and attended fairs and 
 other public shows, exhibiting their machinery. He subsequently embarked 
 in his present business; he is obliging to customers, has a goodly share of the 
 patronage of Waynesboro, and has been financially successful. He is owner 
 of a neat, substantial residence and of a well improved farm, comprising 147 
 acres of land in Washington Township. Mr. Shank was married in 1869 to 
 Miss Estella Lecron, of French de.scent, daughter of Hon. Simon Lecron, a 
 farmer. This union has been blessed with four children: Arminta May, War- 
 ren Lessly Lecron, Simon Clyde and D. C, an infant. Mrs. Shank is a mem- 
 ber of the German Reformed Church. In politics Mr. Shank is a Republican. 
 He served as school director while residing in Washington Township 
 
 DR. GEORGE G. SHIVELY, druggist, Waynesboro, was bom in Pair- 
 y/^ ,u ?nT ^°' '^^'^^■' ^*'«^ 20, 1854; son of Peter and Elizabeth J. 
 (Gelbach) Shively, also natives of that county, and of German descent, the 
 former of whom has made hotel-keeping, his principal business, and has con- 
 ducted a hotel m Fairfield for over thirty years. Our subject, the youngest 
 in a family of three children, grew to manhood in Fairfield, attending school 
 in his native village and also Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Penn. 
 He subsequently studied medicine, graduating from Jefferson Medical College, 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 959 
 
 Thiladelphia, in 1877. After practicing his profession four years in Carlisle, 
 ihe county seat of Cumberland County, Penn. , he came to Waynesboro, since 
 when he has devoted himself to the drug business. The Doctor was married 
 in 1881 to Jennie M. , daughter of Bartram and Martha (Strickler) Shaifer, 
 •of German and Scotch-Irish origin. The children born to this union are 
 Lillie, George B. and Elizabeth J. Mr. and Mrs. Shively are members of 
 the Lutheran Church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. 
 
 DANIEL SHOCKEY, of Waynesboro, whose portrait appears in this work, 
 was bom on the old homestead farm in Washington Township, Franklin 
 ■Co., Penn., March 10, 1847. He is a son of Christian and Mary (Young) 
 Shockey, who were born and raised in Washington County, Md. , just across 
 -the line from Franklin County, Penn. , not far from Waynesboro, Penn. They 
 were members of the German Baptist Church, and had eleven children, three 
 sons and four daughters of whom lived to be men and women, viz. : John 
 (deceased^, unmarried; Sarah, unmarried, resides at the old homestead farm; 
 Mary (deceased wife of Luther Speilman) ; Julia (deceased), unmarried; Jonas, 
 •a farmer, married; Daniel, our subject; Jennie, married to B. F. Foreman. 
 Daniel Shockey assisted his father on the farm, attending the district school dur- 
 ing winter months, imtil eighteen years of age. He was married February 14, 
 1871, to Miss Catherine Rinehart, who was born in Washington Township, 
 F'ranklin Co., Penn., and a daughter of Samuel and Catherine (Bonebrake) 
 Binehart. After their marriage Mr. Shockey engaged in farming. In Jan- 
 uary, 1879, he took a contract to furnish all the lumber and timber between 
 Edgemont, Md. , and Shippensburg, Penn. , for the Baltimore & Cumberland 
 Valley BaiLroad, purchased a new steam saw-mill, and filled this contract 
 in addition to running his farm. In 1882 he removed to Waynesboro, where 
 he buUt up his present business, that of manufacturing all kinds of hard and 
 soft wood to order; also built, on the corner of Franklin and Second Streets, his 
 handsome residence. Mr. and Mrs. Shockey are members of the German Bap- 
 tist Church. They have two daughters: Virtie May and Elva K., aged, re- 
 spectively, twelve and six years. Mr. Shockey is a man of more than ordinary 
 ability and energy. He has, in addition to his mill, a farm of 230 acres, nearly 
 all improved, and he pays considerable attention to the raising of fine fruit. 
 The history of Mr. Shockey' s ancestry is indefinite, except that they have 
 lived in the immediate vicinity for a long period of time, tracing back more 
 than a hundred years, often possessing large tracts of valuable real estate, in 
 Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn., and Washington County, Md., 
 along the Mason & Dixon line, and scarcely ever during this long period of 
 jears did any other business than agriculture. Farming was the height of their 
 ambition, and nothing could give them the same satisfaction as that of culti- 
 vating and owning more land than their neighbors, often combining their mite 
 to accomplish the purchasing of certain tracts of real estate that was desired. 
 Let it be said they usually were successful. 
 
 JONAS SHOCKEY, farmer and stock raiser, P. O. Eowzersville, was born 
 in Washington Township, Franklin Co., Penn., August 22, 1842, a son of 
 Christian (a farmer) and Mary (Young) Shockey. His paternal and maternal 
 ancestors were among the early German settlers of Franklin County. Of the 
 large family of Christian and Mary Shockey only four are now living, of whom 
 Jonas is the third. Our subject obtained his education in Washington Town- 
 ship and wisely chose the calling of his father, that of farming, for his life 
 work. He has been successful and now owns 120 acres of well improved land. 
 He has been twice married; first, in 1869, to Susan Bonebrake, a daughter of 
 Henry Bonebrake, a farmer and a iescendant of an early German family. Mrs. 
 
960 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 Shockey died in 1870, the mother of one child, Anna, also deceased. Twelve 
 years after the death of his first wife Mr. Shockey married Miss Anna A., 
 daughter of David Prior, also of German origin. Politically Mr. Shockey is a 
 Republican. 
 
 SAMUEL SHOCKEY, farmer and stock gi-ower, P. O. Waynesboro, was 
 bom on the farm where he now resides, November 23, 1846; a son of Isaac 
 and Sarah (Bums) Shockey, natives of Pennsylvania and of English origin, 
 the former a farmer. In a family of ten children Samuel is the fifth, and 
 nine grew to maturity. Our subject was reared on the farm, educated at the 
 schools of the neighborhood, and has since been engaged in farming, in which 
 he has been successful. He resides on the pike, three miles northeast of 
 Waynesboro. Mr. Shockey was married in 1870 to Martha, daughter of 
 Henry Henicle, a mechanic of French origin. Mr. and Mrs. Shockey have 
 two children, Sudie Alice and Harry Ward. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 REUBEN SHOVER, railroad and shipping agent for the Geiser Manufact- 
 uring Company, of Waynesboro, was born in Adams County, Penn. , Septem- 
 ber 29, 1832, a son of Jacob and Nancy (Harbaugh) Shover, former of whom, 
 a farmer, was bom in Indiana in 1799, of French descent, latter of German 
 descent. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom Reuben is the 
 youngest who grew to manhood. Subject' s mother and one sister and one 
 brother died within eighteen months. After their death the father kept the 
 family together from 1884 to 1851, when the last one had married and left 
 him; he then wisely concluded that it was not well for man to be alone, and 
 married again. He was for many years elder of the Reformed Church, and 
 died in 1872 in Waynesboro, where he had resided from 1856. Reuben was 
 reared on the farm in Adams County, where he also attended the common 
 schools, and followed the vocation of farming. From 1856 until 1875 he was 
 employed by the Western Maryland Railroad and its branches. In 1871 he 
 erected a warehouse where Pen Mar stands, and with a partner carried on busi- 
 ness for several years. The erection of a warehouse there was the means of 
 building up Pen Mar, the great summer resort now so widely known. In 1875- 
 Mr. Shover moved from the farm to Pen Mar, and in 1881 removed to Waynes- 
 boro, where he has been in the employ of the Geiser Manufacturing Company. 
 In the fall of 1855 he was married to Mary A. , daughter of Samuel Faulders, of 
 Washington County, Md. , and their children are William C. , an engineer on 
 th" Cumberland Valley Railroad; Ira I., also a railroad engineer, with head- 
 quarters at Dayton, Ohio; John C. (deceased), was a telegraph operator. Mrs. 
 Shover is a member of the Disciples Church. Mr. Shover has been a member 
 of the Reformed Church since he was seventeen years old. He is a Democrat 
 in politics, takes an active interest in education and was school director when 
 he lived in Adams County. He is a member of the town council ; has 
 been a member of the I. O. O. F., and since 1866 has been a member of thfr 
 encampment 
 
 ISAAC N. SNIVEL Y, M. D., Waynesboro, is one of the lineal descendants 
 of John Jacob Schnebele (the name being afterward changed to Snively), who 
 emigrated from Switzerland to Lancaster County (in the then province of Pennsyl- 
 vania.) About the year 1707, he was naturalized in Philadelphia, October 14, 
 1729, in the third year of the reign of King George II, and died at the age 
 of eighty-four years. This John Jacob Schnebele was twice married and had 
 two children by his first wife : Jacob, bom in 1694, died August 24, 1766 and 
 Christian, born August 15, 1731, died March 16, 1795, in his sixty-fifth year. 
 His second marriage, which took place about 1761, was with Miss Margaret 
 Washabaugh, who bore him eight children. His second chUd by this union, Joha 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 961 
 
 Snively (grandfather of our subject) was born February 25, 1766, married a 
 Miss Anna Hege, October 24, 1794, and died in July, 1844, in his seventy-ninth 
 year ; his widow died August 17, 1852, in her seventy-seventh year. She waa 
 one of the descendants of Hans Haggy, who emigrated from Switzerland with 
 his family to the American colonies with his brother-in-law, Hans Leaman, and 
 his family, and others in the ship ' ' James Goodwill, ' ' of which David Crocket, 
 of Rotterdam, was captain. They landed at Philadelphia, Penn., September 29, 
 1727, and from there went to Bapho Township, Lancaster Co., Penn., settling^ 
 near Manheim. Hans Haggy had a son, John, who was married to Elizabeth 
 Fealman and lived near Bridgeport, this county; and their third child, who was 
 born in 1751, and died May 13, 1815, married Maria Stoufifer, who bore him 
 four children, the eldest Anna Hege (originally spelled Haggy) being our sub- 
 ject's grandmother on his father's side. John Snively (subject's father) waa 
 born near Crreencastle, Franklin Co., Penn., January 12, 1799, on the ancestral 
 homestead, which was a portion of the original tract patented by John Jacob 
 Snively in the days of the Penns, and has been handed down from father to 
 son for over a century and a half. He (John Snively) was married to Miss 
 Catharine, daughter of the late Jacob Keefer, froijii near Marion, this county, 
 and who had moved here from Lancaster County, where Mrs. Snively was bom 
 August 22, 1802. John Snively died March 4, 1853, in his fifty-fifth year, 
 and his widow followed him September 30, 1854. They were the parents of 
 one daughter and six sons, of whom four sons are living: John K., a farmer; 
 Dr. Isaac N. , Dr. Samuel K. , of Maryland ; Dr. Andrew J. Our subject was 
 bom near Jackson Hall, this county, February 23, 1839, and there spent his 
 early life on his father's farm, assisting in the various farm duties during the 
 summer months and attending the public schools during winters. At the age 
 of fourteen, being left an orphan, he started out in quest of employment. 
 Arriving in Ghambersburg, he entered the store of Hutz & Son, acting as 
 salesman with his cousin, John P. Keefer, who very kindly gave him access to 
 his fine library. He soon acquired a fondness for books which disqualified 
 him for the duties of a clerkship, and he withdrew to enter the Fayetteville 
 Academy, then under the supervision of the Rev. Mr. Kennedy. From here 
 he returned to Chambersburg and attended the private classical school of that 
 noted teacher, the late Thomas J. Harris, where for a time he also acted as as- 
 sistant. He afterward taught in the public schools and took an active part in 
 the Franklin County Teachers' Association. In 1857 he graduated at DufF'a 
 Commercial College at Pittsburgh, Penn. In 1858, while teaching, the Mt. 
 Vernon School, near Waynesboro, Penn. , he commenced the study of anatomy 
 with Dr. Benjamin Frantz. In the spring of 1859 he became a pupU of the 
 late Dr. John C. Richards, of Chambersburg, and graduated from Jefferson 
 Medical College, Philadelphia, Penn. , in 1863. In the same year, when the 
 Confederate -^my invaded Pennsylvania, the Doctor went to Harrisburg, and 
 after passing the required examination before the State medical board, was 
 commissioned by the governor of Pennsylvania as assistant , surgeon, his com- 
 mission bearing date June 20, 1863. He was assigned by Dr. King, surgeon- 
 general of Pennsylvania, to do duty at Camp Curtin. He became acting sur- 
 geon of the Twentieth Pennsylvania Regiment, Col. William B. Thomas com- 
 manding. He allowed himself to be mustered out of service with his regi- 
 ment, and returned to Chambersburg, where he associated himself in the prac- 
 tice of his profession with his late preceptor. Dr. J. C. Richards. Besides 
 their regular practice they had charge of the Town Hall Hospital. September 
 8, 1863, the surgeon-general of Pennsylvania sent him a commission assign- 
 ing him to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer 
 
^62 BIOGBAPHIOAL SEETCHSS: 
 
 Infantry, then encamped at Beverly. Ford, Va. , Maj. Ewing commanding. 
 He declined this, as well as a Incrative appointment on the Pacific coast in a 
 Marine hospital, preferring to continue in the practice with Dr. Bicharda. 
 December 24, 1863, he was married to Miss Alice B. , daughter of the late 
 Abraham Barr, Esq., of near Waynesboro, Penn. They moved on the Smith 
 |)roperty on Main Street and there, July 30, 1864, they lost their all by the 
 burning of the town by rebels. The Doctor was away at the time, and his 
 young wife barely escaped from the flames of their burning dwelUag. Left 
 destitute, the Doctor was not discouraged, but in less than a week was found 
 on duty in the United States General Army Hospital at Beverly, N. J. He 
 continued here until the war waa about closing, when he resigned to take the 
 place of Dr.' James Brotbafjioa,'^r., of Waynesboro (who had lately died), aiad 
 Eare oar subject has enjoydd a lucrative practice. He was one of the found- 
 ers of the present medical society of Franklin Ooanty, and of which he was 
 president in 1874. He took an active interest in getting the railroads to 
 Waynesboro, and was elected president of the Baltimore & Cumberland Valley 
 Bailroad in 1882, still holding this offiee. The Doctor has been successful, 
 turning his attention largely, to surgery, and h» has but few superiors in that 
 branch of his profession in Pennsylvania. He makes the eye a specialty, and 
 through his professional knowledge has been able, by performing delicate 
 ■operations, to restore perfect sight where his patient has been blind for several 
 years. He is a permanent member of the American Medical Association, and 
 a permanent member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Association. The 
 Doctor and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a Bepub- 
 lican in politics. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and also of the G. A. E., 
 Capt. Jno. E. Walker Post, No. 287, of which he has been surgeon for a num- 
 ber of years. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SNTDEB, a member of the firm of Friok & Co., Waynes- 
 boro, and master mechanic, was bom in Franklin County, Penn., April 10, 
 1843. His parents, Jacob and Susan (Miller) Snyder, were also natives of 
 Franklin County, and his paternal and maternal ancestors were among the early 
 German settlers of Pennsylvania. His father, a farmer by occupation, died in 
 1878; a member of the German Beformed Church, in which he held all the 
 offices. His mother is still living aged seventy- three years, also a member of 
 the German Beformed Church. Our subject is the youngest in a family of five 
 •children, four of whom still survive. He spent his early life on the farm with 
 his parents, but preferring to be a mechanic, entered the shop of George 
 Prick, where he served a regular apprenticeship, on the completion of which 
 he went to Altoona, Penn., and for some years was employed by the Pennsyl- 
 vania Baiboad Company. He then returned to Waynesboro, and in 1873 
 became a member of the firm of Frick & Co., of which he is one of the direct- 
 ors. He has been master mechanic in the shops since 1873. His residence, 
 which he erected in 1881, is among the best in the county. Se was married 
 in 1S70 to Belle, daughter of James and Martha (Gordon) Mayhugh, of Scotch- 
 tish descent and natives of this county. Mrs. Snyder's grandfather, Hans 
 Gordon^ built the first house in the village of Waynesboro; it was located near 
 where Dr. Snivelys drug store now stands. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder have been 
 blessed with two children: Anna B and Hazel D. Mrs. Snyder is a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 
 GEOEGE W. STEPHEY, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Bowzersville, 
 was born in FranHin- County, Pemi., October if, 1829, son of George (a 
 
 iT'tW W '.""T ^r"^*^"^ ^^^P'^^y- ^«*i^«« «* Washington^^^^ty! 
 Md. They had a family of seven children, all of whom grew to maturity, of 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 963 
 
 \yhom George W. is the third. The early years of our subject were spent on 
 the farm with his parents and in attending the district schools. In early life 
 he worked in tHe saw-mill and on the farm with his father; later worked in thg 
 agricultural shop, then learned the carpenter's trade which he followed ten 
 years; has since followed farming, and is the owner of a well improved farm. 
 He was married in 1853 to Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Mickley. Mr. Mick- 
 ley was born in 1795; served in the war of 1812; was a farmer, and still re- 
 sides in Waynesboro. Mrs. Stephey's mother's maiden name was Elizabeth 
 Zettle, and she was a native of Adams County, Penn. Mr. Stephey has three 
 children now living: Daniel, married and residing in Waynesboro, employed 
 in the Geiser shops; Mary, at home, and Oscar, a molder by trade. Mrs. 
 Stephey died in 1865 a member of the Reformed Church; Mr. Stephey of the 
 Jjutheran Church, of which he was a deacon and also a teacher in the Sabbath- 
 school. He takes an active interest in all that pertains to the welfare of the 
 church and Sunday-school. 
 
 JOHN N. STICKELL, merchant, Waynesboro, was born in Greencastle, 
 Penn., September 3, 1855, a son of Joseph and Bachel (Earheart) Stickell, na- 
 tives of Franklin County, Penn. , of German origin, the former of whom was 
 a coachmaker, and carried on the business for many years in Greencastle, where 
 he died in 1885. His family consisted of three children. Our subject was 
 reared in Greencastle, where he acquired his education and learned coachmak- 
 ing of his father. In 1879 he came to Waynesboro and worked in the Frick 
 shops one year. In 1881 he embarked in the cigar and tobacco trade, and in 
 1883 established his present business — dealing in groceries and queensware — 
 in which he has been very successful. He is a member of St. Paul's Reformed 
 Church, and takes an active interest in the Sabbath-school. He is a Repub- 
 lican in politics. 
 
 ABRAHAM H. STRICKLER, M. D., Waynesboro, is the youngest of 
 four sons of Joseph Strickler, who was intermarried with Mary Snively. 
 His grandfather, Henry Strickler, came from York County, Penn., near the 
 Lancaster County line, at Columbia, in 1807, and settled near Greencastle. 
 He was of German- Swiss descent. Mary Snively, the Doctor's mother, was 
 an only daughter of Peter Snively, a descendant of John Jacob Schnebele, 
 who emigrated to this country from Switzerland in 1714, and settled also near 
 Greencastle. Dr. Abraham H. Strickler. the subject of this sketch, was born 
 in Antrim Township, this county. He graduated at the College of New Jer- 
 sey, Princeton, class of 1863, receiving the degrees of A. B. and A. M. He 
 then studied medicine in the office of Dr. William Grubb, of Greencastle, and 
 subsequently attended Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, where he 
 graduated in medicine in 1866. He commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession at Mercersburg, this county, where he remained five years. In 1871 
 he located in Waynesboro, where he has ever since been successfully engaged 
 in active practice. During the war of the Rebellion he served as cadet in the 
 medical department of the Union Army, and while yet an undergraduate in 
 medicine, he performed the duties of assistant surgeon in Lincoln Hospital, 
 Washington, D. C. He was married in 1870 to Miss Clara Anna Besore, only 
 daughter of George Besore, of Waynesboro, whose biography and portrait are 
 found elsewhere in this volume. The Doctor and wife have two children: 
 Harry Clark and Belle. They are members of the Reformed Church, in which 
 he has been elder for eight years. He takes an active part in education, and 
 in the public affairs of the town. He is a member of the public school board; 
 a member of the executive board of Prick Company, and president of Ameri- 
 can Manufacturing pompany, o/ Waynesboro. In politics he is a Republican. 
 
964 BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 W. W. TEA.GH, proprietor of the "National Hotel," Waynesboro, was 
 born in Franklin County, Penn. , May 5, 1848, son of John and Mary ( Ban- 
 drow) Teach, natives of Pennsylvania and of German origin, the former of 
 •whom followed farming all his life. Our subject is the second in a family of 
 ten children, eight of whom were boys, all growing to maturity. In early life 
 he learned the blacksmith' s trade, which he followed in Washington County, 
 Md. , until 1876, since when he has been engaged in the hotel business. In 
 1883 he sold his hotel in Leitersburg, Md. , came to Waynesboro, and has since- 
 been here engaged in the same line of business. His hotel is the largest and 
 best furnished in Waynesboro, and has the best accommodations. Mr. Teack 
 was married in Maryland November 1, 1871, to Helen, daughter of John 
 Sprankel, and of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Teach have seven children r 
 Lottie, Clifford, Q-racie, Bessie, Emma, Lee and Laura. Mr. Teach is a mem- 
 ber of the I. O. R. M., of the order of Mechanics, also of the K. of P. and G. 
 A. R. He was a member of Cole's cavalry. Company G, during the late war, 
 and was discharged at the close of service. 
 
 J. F. THOMPSON, D. D. S., Waynesboro, was born in Ringgold, Md.^ 
 February 27, 1854, a son of Archibald and Mary (Shoemaker) Thompson, 
 former of whom was a native of New Jersey, of English- Irish origin; latter of 
 Pennsylvania, of Gorman origin. Archibald Thompson followed coachmaking 
 in Washington County, Md. His family consisted of eleven children, all of 
 whom are now living, J. F. being the eighth. Our subject received his edu- 
 cation in Washington County, Md. ; studied dentistry and graduated in dental 
 surgery in Philadelphia, in 1884. He then practiced dentistry for two years in 
 New York; came to Waynesbore in 1886, and established his present business. 
 In politics he is a Republican. 
 
 DANIEL TRITLE, director of Frick Manufacturing Company, Waynes- 
 boro, was born in this county February 14, 1823, son of Philip and Martha 
 (Haggy) Tritle, also natives of Franklin County, and of German and Swiss 
 origin. They were parents of thirteen children, all of whom attained ma- 
 turity. Our subject, the fifth born, was reared on his father's farm, receiv- 
 ing hig early education in a country school. He followed farming until 1854, 
 when he came to Waynesboro, and embarked in the hardware business in com- 
 pany with John Philips. In 1857 they sold out, and Daniel Tritle clerked 
 for Waiiam Brotherton for several years. From 1882 to 1864 he was in the 
 butchering business ; then he farmed for a time. From 1870 to 1875 he clerked 
 for S. B. Rinehart, in the hardware business, and from 1875 to 1878 he was a 
 partner with S. B. Rinehart in same line of business. Since 1878 he has been 
 connected with Frick Company in which he is now a director. He is also 
 a director of the First National Bank of Waynesboro. In 1864 our subject 
 was united m marriage with Elizabeth A., daughter of George Jacobs, of Ger- 
 man origin^ Mrs. Tritle died October 7, 1885. The chUdren born to this- 
 umon now living are Alice Belle, George and Emma. The family are all mem- 
 bers of the Lutheran Church, of which Mr. Tritle is an elder. In politics he 
 is a Kepubiican. He has servM as school director 
 
 JOHN WALTER, retired, Waynesboro, was born in Franklin County, 
 Pern., June 22, 1808, son of John and Margaret (Harbaugh) Walter, native^ 
 of York County, Penn and whose ancestors were among the early German 
 settlers of Pennsylvania. His father, who was a farmer and miller, died in 
 W>;«v2f ^"^bject next to the youngest in a famUy of five children (one 
 S^ V .1,^ °'^°'^'' °i *^^ ^***« Legislature), was reared in Washington 
 w^t^^li' Ta^' ""^^^^ ^. f^''^^ ^"^°°1- Early in life he learned the 
 wagon-maker s trade, and earned on businass for several years. He then 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 965 
 
 Tsought the patent on the revolving hay rake, and made money by the purchase. 
 He subsequently, in company with Gen. Burns, invented a sausage cutter, 
 which they patented, Mr. Walter going to Washington, D. C. , for this pur- 
 pose during Andrew Jackson's administration. Their invention proved a suc- 
 •cess and they made money. Our subject next, for several years, engaged in 
 various businesses, but finally embarked in the manufacture of marble tomb- 
 stones, purchasing the marble works here, now owned and operated by his son, 
 Mr. Walter having retired from active business in 1861. Our subject was 
 married, in 1831 to Catharine, daughter of Jacob Besore, and of German 
 origin. Their children are as follows: Harry, who conducts the marble works 
 here; Susan, a widow; Julia, wife of John Newcomer of Illinois; Mary M., 
 wife of David Newcomer of Hlinois; Luther, a farmer; Joseph, a merchant in 
 Waynesboro. Mr. John Walter has always taken an active interest in the Sab- 
 "bath-school, and has served many years as its superintendent. 
 
 JOSEPH WALTER, merchant, Waynesboro, was born in Washington 
 Township, Franklin Co., Penn., September 25, 1846; son of John and 
 Catherine (Besore) Walter. Our subject's education was acquired while he 
 was living on the JEarm with his parents. When but twelve years of age he 
 commenced to clerk in a dry goods store at Waynesboro, and continued in this 
 •capacity for several years, but finally started in business in a country store at 
 Five Forks, and also did huxtering for three years, becoming successful finan 
 cially. He next came to Waynesboro, and in 1872 established the present 
 grocery and queensware business in company with his brother-in-liiw, H. G. 
 Bonebrake, the firm name being Bonebrake & Walter. His partner, Mr. 
 Bonebrake, was a brave soldier in Company G, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cav 
 airy, of which he was orderly sergeant; then promoted to second lieutenant, 
 and finally to first lieutenant for gallant conduct. He captured the colors of a 
 Tennessee regiment at the battle of Five Forks, for which he received a medal 
 struck in his honor, and he holds the letter from Congress setting forth the 
 above facts. Our subject is a Republican in politics, and has served two 
 terms as burgess of 'Waynesboro. He is a member of the I. O. R. M. and of 
 the I. O. O. F. 
 
 C. L. WALTER, farmer, P. O. box 152, Waynesboro, was borii. itl ch 5, 
 1844, a son of John and Catherine (Besore) Walter, natives of Pennsylvania 
 and of German origin. The father has followed farming and various other 
 pursuits, but is now living a retired life in Waynesboro. Our subject, fourth 
 in a family of six children, was reared on the farm and educated in the com- 
 mon schools. He learned the stone-cutter' s trade in Waynesboro, and worked 
 in the marble works at that place at present owned by his brother, but at that 
 time the property of his father. Our subject commenced farming in 1878, 
 and now owns a fine farm of 132 acres situated on the Hagerstown and 
 Waynesboro Turnpike near Waynesboro. He keeps first-class stock and Jer- 
 sey cattle. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Twenty- 
 sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served as a non-commissioned 
 officer until the expiration of his term of service (nine months). He partici- 
 pated in the battle of Fredericksburg. In 1869 he married Amanda G., 
 daughter of Henry W. Funk, and of German descent. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Walter has been born one child, Meta. The parents are members of the 
 Xutheran Church. In politics he is a Republican. In 1883 Mr. Walter's fine 
 bam and contents were destroyed by fire, causing a loss of about $2, 500. He 
 has since erected a new and substantial structure. 
 
 E. W. WASHABATJGH, tobacco manufacturer. Main Street, Waynesboro, 
 was born in Winchester, Va. , eldest of the four children of William and 
 Nancy (Harper) Washabaugh, natives of Chambersburg, Penn., and of Ger- 
 
966 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 man and English origin. His father was a brewer and farmer, and followed 
 that occupation in Virginia for several years. When E. W. Washabaugh wa& 
 five years old he came with his parents to Chambersburg, where they spent the. 
 remainder of their lives. Our subject's education was obtained in the schoola 
 of Chambersburg, and there he served a regular apprenticeship at the tobacco 
 business. The firm for Vhom he worked moved their business to Indiana 
 County, Penn., and he continued with them there from 1847 to 1852, engaged 
 most of the time at journey work. When he left them he came to Waynes- 
 boro and worked for Charles T. Weagley for about four years. Mr. Washabaugh 
 did a wholesale business for several years, but at present his manufacturing is 
 limit€(d to the home trade, which is of itself a good proof that he is doing^ 
 good and efficient work. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Our 
 subject was married October 28, 1856, to Sue C. Adams, of Waynesboro, 
 Penn. 
 
 HON GEORGE W. WELSH, attorney at law, Waynesboro, was bom ia 
 Waynesboro, this county, July 19, 1833, son of Jacob R. and Margaret (Reilly> 
 Welsh, the latter a native of the county and of Irish and Scotch and Welsh 
 lineage; they are still residents of Waynesboro, where the father, now in his. 
 seventy eighth year (a hatter by trade), carried on business for man^ years. 
 Our subject is the eldest in a family of eight children, six of whom are now 
 living. He was reared in his native borough, and there attended school. He- 
 studied law in the office of J. McDowell Sharpe and his uncle, Wilson Reilly, 
 at Chambersburg, Penn. ,' and was admitted to the bar October 29, 1856. Hft 
 first practiced in Fulton County, but was there only one year when he re- 
 turned to Chambersburg, Penn. At the breaking out of the war of the Re- 
 bellion he enlisted in Company B. Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer 
 Infantry, for three months, and was elected second lieutenant. He re -enlisted 
 in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 
 for nine months, and was elected second lieutenant, subsequently promoted first, 
 lieutenant, and at the expiration of his term of service he received an honorable 
 discharge. He has always voted the Democratic ticket. ' He was elected pro- 
 thonotory of Franklin County in 1869, serving three years, and in 1873 was; 
 elected to the Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania. At the close of the- 
 session Mr. Welsh continued his practice in Chambersburg until 1876, when 
 he returned to his native town, where he has since continued in active prac- 
 tice. The Welsh family are of English origin, having moved from England to 
 Germany at an early date, but for several generations were residents of Ger- 
 many. Our subject's great-great-grandfather came from that country to 
 America in 1732, and settled in York County, Penn. Hi ion Henry, great- 
 grandfather of our subject, was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary war. In 
 1779 he (Henry Welsh) was tax collector of the Heidelberg District, York 
 County, Penn., and our subject has his receipt (still in a good state of pres- 
 ervation) which calls for £500. George W. Welsh was united in \arriage in 
 1874 with Anna Allison, of Scotch-Irish origin, and their children aro Margaret, 
 and Charles. 
 
 PHILIP R. Welsh, dentist, Waynesboro, was born in Waynesboro, this; 
 county, September 6, 1844, son of Jacob R. and Margaret (Reilly) Welsh: the 
 former, a native of Adams County, Penn., is of Pennsylvania Dutch extraction;: 
 the latter, born in Franklin County, Penn., is of Irish origin. Jacob R. 
 Welsh was a hatter by trade, and carried on business for several years at. 
 Waynesboro, where he still resides. The family consisted of eight children, 
 SIX now living. Philip R. , the third born, received his schooling in Waynes- 
 boro. His first work was done in the service of his country. He enlisted, in 
 1862, in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty- sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer 
 
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 96T 
 
 Infantry, for nine months, but remained ten months. In 1864 he re-enlisted, 
 this time in Company L, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was second 
 sergeant when honorably discharged at the close of the war. He participated 
 in several engagements, among which may be named Fredericksburg, Chan- 
 cellorsville. Cold Harbor, and in all the subsequent battles up to the time of 
 the surrender of Gen, Lee in 1865, and he was present when that general 
 handed his sword to Gen. Grant. At the close of the war he returned ta 
 Waynesboro, but in the same year went to Springfield, 111. , where he studied 
 dentistry and also dental sui-gery. He entered the practice of his chosen pro- 
 fession in 1866. In 1881 he returned to Waynesboro and established his office 
 on Main Street, where he attends strictly to business, and is much attached to 
 his profession. Our subject was united in marriage in 1884 with May 
 Eeamer, of German origin, born in Pennsylvania, daughter of J. F. Reamer, 
 of Williamsport, Penn. , who was for many years a prominent school-teacher. 
 Mrs. Welsh is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Chui-ch. In politics Dr. 
 Welsh is a Democrat. He is a member of the G. A. E. , and has been adjutant 
 and quartermaster of the post at Waynesboro. He is also a member of the K. 
 of P. and R. A. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. WELTY, distiller, miller and farmer, P. O. Waynesboro, 
 was born in Washington County, Md. , August 11, 1848, son of Samuel and 
 Sarah (Good) Welty* natives of Franklin County, Penn., and of German 
 origin. Our subject, who is the eldest in a family of three children, after re- 
 ceiving such an education as the schools of the time afforded, engaged in farm-, 
 ing, distilling and milling, which he still follows, and by industry and energy 
 has been successful. Mr. Welty manufactares a brand of whisky ' ' Welty 
 whisky," which has been handed down from one generation to another since 
 1798, and for medicp'' ;varposes his rye and malt whiskies can not be excelled. 
 In 1874, he was united in marriage with Cora D. Martin, daughter of S. G. 
 Martin of Washington County, Md., and of German origin. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Welty are the parents of six children: John, Elsie May, David M., Samuel 
 Chester, Katie D. and Adia. In politics Mr. Welty is a Republican, r id has 
 served as school director, judge of elections, auditor and assessor. The family- 
 attend the services of the German Baptist Church. 
 
 SIMON WIENER, clothier, P. O. Waynesboro, was born in Germany, 
 October 1, 1849, son of Hyman and Amelia (Salomon) Wiener, natives of Prus- 
 sia, Germany. His father, also a merchant, died in Germany. His fam- 
 ily consisted of five children. Simon received his education in the common 
 schools of Germany; came to America in 1866, and the first year clerked in 
 Kentucky; afterward went to Indiana, where he clerked for a year; thence 
 moved to Illinois, where he spent a year peddling, working on a farm and 
 clerking in a hardware store in Chicago. Then his mother with the remain- 
 ing four children, whom Simon had preceded, coming to America, on their way 
 from New York to Chicago, met with a serious railroad accident at Sunbury, 
 Penn., which detained them there for a long time. Simon then left Chicago 
 and went to Sunbury to join his mother and remainder of the family. After 
 those injured by the accident had recuperated, they di(J not have sufficient 
 means left to proceed any farther, and made their home at Danville, Penn. , where 
 Simon clerked until 1873, when a friend of his started him in the clothing bus- 
 iness in Lykens, Dauphin Co. , Penn. , where he remained one year and then 
 moved to Tower City, Schuylkill County, where he associated with him in bus- 
 iness his brother Albert. In 1879 they left Tower City and came to Waynesboro. 
 Simon subseqently sold out his interest to his brother and went to Shippens- 
 burg, Cumberland County, where he engaged in business until 1882, and then 
 he returned to Waynesboro. He next embarked in his present business, as 
 
•96S BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES: 
 
 dealer in clothing, hats, caps, boots, shoes, trunks and gentlemen' s furnishing 
 goods, and carries an extensive stock for a town the size of Waynesboro. 
 Our subject was united in marriage, in 1881, with Eosa, daughter of Sal- 
 omon Rosenblatt. Her parents were Hessians. This union has been blessed 
 with two children: Clara and Hannie. In politics Mr. Wiener is a Repub- 
 lican, but has never held office. He took an active part in the organization of 
 George Washington Lodge, K. of P., and was elected its first presiding officer. 
 He is also a member of tiie Masonic fraternity, and B. B. The family attend 
 the services of the Hebrew Church. 
 
 J. R. WOLFERSBERGEE, retired, Waynesboro, was born in Washington 
 County, Md. , September 12, 1836, son of Joseph and Mary Ann (Dibert) Wol- 
 fersberger, also natives of Maryland and of German and Irish origin. Joseph 
 Wolfersberger was a merchant in early life, but in later years retired to the 
 farm ; he was twice married, his family consisting of eight children, of whom 
 J. E. is the eldest by second wife. Our subject was reared in Washington 
 County, Md. , attended the public schools and early in life learned the miller' s 
 trade which he followed for six years. In 1862 he quit the business and took 
 a contract to carry the United States mail. He followed this occupation until 
 1865, when he was drafted into Company D, Ninety-ninth Regiment, Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. On his return 
 home he again obtained the mail contract and carried the mail matter of sev- 
 eral routes, and passengers, until 1882. By judiciously investing his money 
 in property he has become one of the largest real estate owners in Waynesboro, 
 and his residence, a three-story brick building, is one of the finest in the county. 
 He is also owner of the well known "Central House," a commodious stone 
 structure, part of which was built in 1812, and which he remodeled, making it 
 a three-story valuable hotel building. Our subject has had to make his own 
 way in the world unassisted, and has been financially successful. He was mar- 
 ried in 1862 to Anna Bowden, who died in 1875. He was again married in 
 1876, this time to Anna L., daughter of Henry W. Funk, and of German 
 origin. To this union has been bom one child, Harry F. Mr. and Mrs. Wol- 
 fersberger are consistent members of the Eeformed Church. Ip politics he is 
 a Eepublican. He is a member of the G. A. E., the only orgau.zation he has 
 ever joined excepting the church. 
 
 ISAAC E. YOST, merchant, Waynesboro, was born in Cumberland Coun- 
 ty, Penn., seven miles north of Harrisburg, December 19, 1859, a son of 
 Michael and Mary (Kenedy) Yost, natives of Cumberland County and of Ger- 
 man and English origin. His father, who was a farmer and dealer in real 
 estate, died in 1875; his family consisted of four chUdren, of whom Isaac E. is 
 the third. The early education of our subject was received from his parents 
 on the farm; later he took a commercial course at the commercial college, 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and graduated in 1880. He was a clerk in a dry goods 
 store for several years before he attended college, chiefly in Cumberland County, 
 Penn., but also clerked two years in Hagerstown, Md. In 1880 he embarked 
 m mercantile trade at Middlesburg, Penn., where he remained three years; 
 then came to Waynesboro and established his present business, dealing in hats, 
 caps, boots and shoes; he is also engaged in the merchant taUoring, which line 
 has steadily increased, as he endeavors to keep first-class goods and workmen. 
 He was married February 11, 1885, to Minnie D. Claire, daughter of Eev. J. 
 W. Claire of Washington County, Md. Mrs. Yost is of English origin; her 
 mother s maiden name was Susan L. Linch, a sister of Judge Linch of Fred- 
 erick Comity Md. Mr. Yost is a Eepublican in politicsf a member of the 
 I. O. O. F. of the State Line Lodge, No. 914. 
 
HISTOEY 
 
 OF 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTY, 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 CHICAGO: 
 
 WAKNER. BEEKS & CO., 
 
 1887. 
 
Index of Names 
 
 [BoEJT (Negro), (Seirvant) 
 321 
 
 (Negro boy), 196 
 
 (Dave) (negro), (Servant) 
 321 
 
 Hetty (Miss), 274 
 
 (Mulatto), (girl) 
 Fhoebe, 320 
 ABBOTT 
 
 John, 243 
 ABLE 
 
 John, 589 
 ABRAHAM 
 
 (Capt.), 183 
 
 Hoah, 183, 200, 410, 
 580, 604, 605 
 
 Noah (Capt.), 185, 605 
 ABRAHAMS 
 
 Jacob, 242 
 ABRAM 
 
 Noah (Capt.), 842 
 ABKAMS 
 
 (Capt.), 701 
 
 ACHESOM 
 
 John, 573 
 ACKERMAN 
 
 Peter, 336 
 
 Peter (Lieut), 355 
 
 William, 342 
 ACKLES 
 
 James, 588 
 ADAM 
 
 William, 484 
 ADAMS 
 
 fMlss). 840 
 
 (widow), 153 
 
 David, 223, 573 
 
 P., 525 
 
 Frederick M., 420 
 
 Hannah, 750 
 
 Ignatius, 617 
 
 James, 441, 612(2) 
 
 James R., 617(2) 
 
 John, 184 
 
 John Quincy, 612 
 
 Joseph, 580 
 
 Martha, 617(2) 
 
 Martha J. , 617 
 
 Mary, 617 
 
 Mary E., 617 
 
 Sophia M. , 617 
 
 Stophel, 589 
 
 Sue C, 966 
 
 William, 153, 184, 420, 
 552, 560, 573(2), 860, 
 870 
 ADIH,EMAN 
 
 WilliaQ, 552 
 
 William Mrs., 552 
 AFRICA 
 
 J. Simpson, 655 
 AGNEW 
 
 , Mrs., 192, 700 
 
 D. (Rev.), 546 
 
 D. H., 285 
 
 D. Hayes, 285 
 
 D, Hayes (Dr.), 285 
 
 Elizabeth, 700 
 
 h; J., 552 
 
 AGNEW continued 
 
 Harriet J. H., 700 
 
 Holmes, 550 
 
 J. R. Rev., 700 
 
 James , 435 
 
 James Col. Ochiltree, 
 700 
 
 Jennie, 552 
 
 John Mrs., 552 
 
 John R. Rev. , 174 
 
 John Robinson Rev., 700 
 
 M. J., 700 
 AHL 
 
 Daniel V., 234 
 
 Peter A. , 234 
 AIKEN 
 
 Alex, 244 
 AIKIN 
 
 Sarah Ann, 692 
 AIKINS 
 
 Elizabeth, 882 
 AKERS 
 
 Joseph, 549 
 ., ALBERT 
 
 P rof.. 930 
 
 Aivina, 756 
 
 Anna K., 927, 930 
 
 C. H., 927 
 
 Anna K. , 927, 930 
 
 Aivina, 756 
 
 Anna K. , 927, 930 
 
 C. H., 927 
 
 Charles H., 541 
 
 Chair les L., 927 
 
 Elizabeth, 633 
 
 George, 596 
 
 Hanna, 927 
 
 John, 820 
 
 Keller Bell, 927 
 
 Lida, 945 
 
 Margaret, 820 
 
 Mary Ellen, 927 
 
 P. S., 927 
 
 William, 945 
 ALBRIGHT 
 
 George, 462 
 ALEXANDER 
 
 ^Dr., 606 
 
 M r.. 169, 744 
 Prof., 501 
 
 Aaron, 152, 591 
 
 Alice M., 738 
 
 & Coons, 739 
 
 Andrew, 155, 568 
 
 Ann, 750 
 
 Ann J., 738 
 
 Anna, 737, 738, 739, 
 840 
 
 Anna J., 739 
 
 Annie K., 738 
 
 Archibald, 738(2) 
 
 Arthur, 155, 568 
 
 Bertha Frances, 835 
 
 Carrie E., 835 
 
 Clara B., 738 
 
 Daniel, 155, 568 
 
 David, 152, 155, 569, 
 591 
 
 David N., 738 
 
 E., 153 
 
 ALEXANDER continued 
 Elizabeth, 617, 834 
 Frank, 738, 834 
 George, 739 
 George E. , 738(2) 
 George Edmund Dr. , 738 
 H., 163 
 
 Hezekiah, 155, 568 
 Jacob, 608 
 James, 184, 245, 580, 
 
 583, 591, 737(2), 738, 
 
 739(2 , 747 
 James H?, 617, 739 
 James K., 834 
 James N., 834 
 James W. Rev., 500(2) 
 Jane, 739 
 Janett, 738 
 Jessie L., 738 
 Jessie M. , 835 
 John, 205, 583(2), 596, 
 
 739(3), 750, 758, 
 
 840 
 John (Lieut), 181 
 John S., 834 
 John T., 738(2), 739 
 John W., 739 
 Joseph, 556 
 Joseph B., 739, 834(2) 
 Joseph Case, 835 
 Joshua, 153 
 M. R. Prof., 617 
 Margaret, 618, 737 
 Margaret Blair, 739 
 Martha J., 834 
 Mary, 738(2) 
 Mary Ann, 750 
 Mary B., 745 
 Mary E. , 738, 835 
 Mary J., 738, 834 
 Mary J. McGinley, 739 
 Mary S., 834 
 Matthew G., 835 
 Minerva, 738 
 Nancy E., 834 
 Nannie R. , 738 
 Nettie, 739 
 Nettle B., 739, 763 
 Newton, 738 
 Patrick, 580 
 Paul Clifton, 738 
 Paulina T., 834 
 Polly, 737, 837 
 R. , 579 
 
 R. M. Dr., 834 
 Randall, 579, 580, 737, 
 
 738, 739, 834 
 Randall M., 294, 738 
 Randall McGinley, 738 
 Randle, 580 
 
 Reynold, 579, 737(2), 739(2) 
 Reynolds, 152 
 Robert, 184, 580, 737(2), 
 
 739 
 Robert M. , 738 
 S., 266 
 
 S. C. Rev., 583(2) 
 Samuel, 231, 265, 415, 420 
 Samuel C, 738 
 Samuel Carothers Rev. , 738 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 ALEXANDER continued 
 
 Sarah H., 738 
 
 Sarah J., 835 
 
 Susan Mrs., 738 
 
 Temperance, 738 
 
 Thomas, 154, 202, 
 737, 738 
 
 Thomas J., 738(2) 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Hon., 
 738 
 
 Thomas Newton, 738(2) 
 
 W. S., 421 
 
 Watson, 834(2) 
 
 William, 202, 204, 206, 
 934(2), 422, 608, 
 583, 737, 738(4), 739, 
 763 
 
 William Capt., 244 
 
 William Col. 737(2), 738, 
 834 
 
 William Lieut., 182 
 
 William Mrs., 738 
 
 William Rev. , 738 
 
 William Sr. , 206 
 
 William A., 834 
 
 William M. , 739(3) 
 ALISON 
 
 Anna Mrs., 777 
 ALLAN 
 
 Annie, 666 
 
 John, 560 
 ALLEMAN 
 
 Mary, 879 
 ALLEN 
 
 & Nevin Co., 953 
 
 Edward E. , 582 
 
 Harvey, 793 
 
 James, 184, 577 
 
 John, 441 
 
 Joseph H., 953 
 
 Josiah, 274, 389, 
 577, 588 
 
 Lucretia, 827 
 
 Martha, 588 
 
 Mary, 793 
 
 Rebecca B. Leisher, 
 662 
 
 Robert, 550 
 
 Thomas, 241 
 
 Timothy, 236 
 
 W. M., 440 
 
 William, 366, 402 
 
 Will. A., 652 
 ALLER 
 
 E. M., Rev., 569 
 ALLINDER 
 
 Catherine, 569 
 ALLISON 
 
 ^Capt., 463 
 
 Col., 543, 545 
 
 D r.. 410 
 
 M ai.. 273, 274 
 
 M r. ■ 185 
 Alex., 243, 585 
 Alexander, 235 
 Andrew, 585 
 Anna, 966 
 Charles, 585 
 Elizabeth, 543, 545(2) 
 Hugh, 184, 585 
 
 ALLISON continued 
 
 J., 206 
 
 James, 154, 584, 585(2) 
 
 James Jr. , 420 
 
 James Sr. , 545 
 
 John, 216, 244, 544(2), 
 545, 555(2), 560 
 
 John Col., 391, 542, 
 543, 545 
 
 Joseph, 454, 596 
 
 Mary, 492 
 
 Mary A. , 545 
 
 Nancy, 545 
 
 Robert, 584, 585, 588 
 
 Samuel, 244, 545 
 
 William, 151, 153, 163, 
 199, 203(2), 542, 543 
 545, 555, 560, 561, 
 579, 604 
 
 William Esq., 163 
 
 William M. , 344 
 
 William T., 352 
 ALLS IONS 
 
 , 543, 551 
 
 ALLISTER 
 
 ^Miss, 550 
 
 ALLSIP 
 
 Joseph, 877 
 ALLWORTH 
 
 Benjamin, 154 
 ALPORT 
 
 Peter, 565 
 ALSAP 
 
 Elizabeth, 544 
 
 William, 544 
 ALSIP 
 
 William, 241 
 ALSWORTH 
 
 Benjamin, 565 
 ALTMAN 
 
 , Rev., 614 
 
 C. i Co., 635 
 
 Lydia, 541 
 AMBERSON 
 
 M r.. 927 
 
 TrancTs, 579 
 
 J. B., 291, 292(2) 
 
 J. B. Dr., 534 
 
 J. Bums, 293 
 
 James B., 928 
 
 James B. Dr. , 534 
 
 Mary Eva, 928 
 
 Mary K., 928 
 
 Presley N., 927 
 
 Rosanna, 928 
 
 Sarah, 927 
 
 W. S., 209(2), 504, 
 531, 540(2), 541(2), 
 927, 928, 932 
 
 William Smith, 927, 
 928 
 AMBROSE 
 
 Robert Dr., 550 
 AMES 
 
 Lecron & Sons, 440 
 AMOS 
 
 John E . , 609 
 "AMWEG" 
 
 Family, 722 
 ANDERSON 
 
 ANDERSON 
 
 ^Maj. Gen., 365 
 
 M r.. 311(2), 539 
 Amelia, 618 
 Catherine Mrs., 788 
 Chamber, 224 
 Chambers, 505 
 
 Daniel, 508(2) 
 
 E. E. , 609 
 
 Ed., 525 
 
 Eliza, 719 
 
 Elizabeth, 932 
 
 G., 024 
 
 Garland, 204 
 
 George, 590 
 
 George A., 229 
 
 J. C, 618 
 
 Jacob, 182 
 
 James, 585 
 
 James Rev. , 311 
 
 James B., 351 
 
 Jane, 742 
 
 Jeremiah, 323 
 
 John, 153, 508, 518 
 
 John C, 345 
 
 Joseph, 618(2) 
 
 Joshua, 580 
 
 Margaret, 792 
 
 Mollie J., 618 
 
 Oliver, 323, 592 
 
 Oliver H., 345 
 
 Osbom, 322 
 
 Oscar, 553 
 
 Robert, 155, 346, 559, 
 577, 579, 580, 588 
 
 Robert Jr., 464 
 
 Robert Maj , , 334 
 
 Sarah R. Lippy, 618 
 
 Silas D., 345 
 
 Thomas, 577 
 
 Thomas Capt., 296 
 
 William^ 182, 597, 606(2), 
 612 
 ANDERSONS 
 
 • 323 
 ANBEEU 
 
 James, 574 
 
 John, 189, 200, 236, 243 
 274, 508, 574 
 
 John Capt., 573 
 
 John Sr., 573 
 ANDREWS 
 
 Abraham, 492 
 
 Ann E., 740 
 
 Arthur, 179 
 
 Caroline, 739 
 
 David, 797 
 
 Ella, 740 
 
 Irvine T. Dr., 739 
 
 James, 925 
 
 Jesse, 739, 740 
 
 John J., 350 
 
 Lizzie, 739 
 
 Maggie, 514 
 
 Marlen, 739 
 
 Mary, 740 
 
 Mary C, 739 
 
 Rossa, 739 
 
 Sarah, 514 
 
 Tilla, 740 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 ANDREWS continued 
 
 William, 739, 740 
 ANGLE 
 
 Catharine, 860 
 
 Clayton, 867 
 
 Esther A., 871 
 
 H. B., 211 
 
 J. Frank, 871 
 
 J. H., 871 
 
 Mary, 717(2) 
 
 Mary M. , 855 
 
 Rebecca Mrs. , 861 
 
 Sarah C, 867 
 
 William, 860 
 ANN 
 
 Lucy, 892 
 ANTHONY 
 
 J. P., 595 
 ANTRICAN 
 
 James, 610 
 
 William, 183 
 APPEL 
 
 Theodore Rev., 525, 536, 
 591 
 AFFENZELLER 
 
 & Hoke, 650 
 APPLE 
 
 T. G. Rev., 571 
 
 Thomas G. Dr. , 429 
 
 Thomas G. Rev., 512, 513 
 549, 563 
 APPLEBY 
 
 John, 750 
 
 Martha, 750 
 ARBAUGH 
 
 Jacob, 246 
 ABBUCKLE 
 
 Joseph, 594 
 ARCHER 
 
 Elizabeth, 170 
 
 Family, 170 
 
 John, 170 
 
 John Mrs . , 170 
 
 Samuel, 560 
 ARCHIBALD 
 
 brother (the), 897 
 
 Alexander, 897 
 
 Daniel, 573, 897 
 
 Eliza, 897 
 
 Elizabeth, 897 
 
 family, 897 
 
 Isabella, 897 
 
 James, 435, 897(2) 
 
 Margaret, 897(2) 
 
 Margaret C, 897 
 
 Martha, 897 
 
 Martha J., 897 
 
 Mary, 897 
 
 Mary A., 897 
 
 Ruhannah, 897 
 
 Thomas, 897 
 
 Thomas T., 897 
 
 Wm., 577, 588, 610, 
 897(3), 898 
 
 William G., 897 
 
 William Gillielmus, 897 
 
 William v., 897(2) 
 ARDERY 
 
 James , 58 3 
 ARDREY 
 
 ARDREY 
 
 James, 580 
 ARENDT 
 
 George, 553 
 ARMOR 
 
 David, 181 
 ARMSTRONG 
 
 ^Col., 165, 562, 
 
 nrr, 906 
 
 ..M ai.. 272 
 STTT, 472 
 Adam, 155, 561, 568 
 Augustus F., 213 
 Daniel, 580 
 David, 184 
 Frederick, 906 
 George, 161, 419 
 Hetty, 871 
 John, 152, 161, 163, 
 205, 416, 476, 555, 
 579, 906 
 John Col., 161, 164, , 
 165, 213, 270, 423, 
 610, 577 
 John Gen. , 185 
 John S., 349 
 Joseph, 154, 161, 
 193, 311, 577, 609, 
 916 
 Joseph Col., 186, 276, 
 
 42 
 L.V., 481 
 Robert, 580, 597, 598 
 
 609 
 S., 266 
 S. M., 265(3) 
 Samuel M. , 213 
 Thos., 152, 161, 577, . 
 
 580 
 William, 155, 209, 
 
 568(2) 
 William Jr. , 244 
 ARMSTRONGS 
 the, 597 
 ARNOLD 
 
 , 771 
 
 ARITTT 
 
 John, 243 
 ARTHUR 
 
 , Dr., 839 
 
 Chester A. (Ex-president) 
 
 839 
 James, 577 
 Joseph, 241 
 Matthew, 154, 577 
 ASHBAUGH 
 
 Frederick, 224 
 ASHBURN 
 
 Lydia Mrs., 777 
 ASBUSY 
 
 Bishop, 581 
 
 ASHEE 
 
 Henry, 589 
 ASHFORD 
 
 Philip, 578 
 ASHTON 
 
 Owen Capt., 453 
 ASHWAY 
 
 Catharine, 815 
 Jeremiah, 435 
 
 -3- 
 
 ASHWAY continued 
 
 Nlcklas, 815 
 
 Sophia, 812 
 ASKEY 
 
 Alexander, 149 
 
 Thomas, 579 
 ASKINS 
 
 George, 492(2), 609 
 
 George Rev. , 609 
 ASKWITH 
 
 William S., 343 
 ASTEN 
 
 Robert, 183 
 ASTON 
 
 George, 265 
 
 Owen, 236, 456, 462, 
 476, 573, 596 
 
 Thomas, 183 
 ATHERTON 
 
 ^Mr., 514 
 
 Caleb, 845 
 
 Catharine, 845 
 
 David T., 845 
 
 family, 845 
 
 G. W. , 174 
 
 Geo. W., 422, 526(2), 845, 
 911 
 
 Geo. W. Capt., 529 
 
 I. Y., 345 
 
 Jennie F., 911 
 
 John, 845 
 
 Mary E., 845 
 
 Mollie D. , 845 
 
 Thomas, 845 
 AU 
 
 Margaret, 800 
 AUGER 
 
 Martin, 598 
 AUGHINBAUGH 
 
 ^Dr., 846 
 
 E. E., 928 
 
 Edward, 389, 526 
 
 Esma K., 846 
 
 George W. Rev., 513, 845 
 
 J. H., 481(2) 
 
 James, 481, 504 
 
 James H., 343 
 
 Mary L. 846 
 
 Peter, 394 
 
 William C, 420 
 AULD 
 
 H., 485 
 
 Hugh, 213, 486 
 
 William, 593 
 
 William W. , 346 
 AULT 
 
 Blanche L. , 877 
 
 Elizabeth, 899 
 
 John, 344 
 
 John Rev., 570, 877 
 AUSTIN 
 
 M r., 344, 551, 705 
 
 & Davison, 705 
 
 Beckie A., 486 
 
 J. C, 484, 485(2), 486(2) 
 
 J. C. Col., 465 
 
 James C, 330, 344, 395, 
 484, 486(3), 551 
 
 James C. Maj . , 344 
 
 Preston R., 485 • 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 AUSTIN continued 
 
 S. E. Mrs., 486 
 AUXr 
 
 George, 481 
 AVERILL 
 
 ^Uen., 353, 386 
 
 M r., 383 
 AVERY 
 
 John R., 894 
 
 Mary Ann L. Mrs., 894 
 AWL 
 
 Ashbury, 353, 823(2) 
 B 
 
 David, 500 
 
 John, 600 
 BACHEL 
 
 David, 930 
 
 Salena, 930 
 BACHTEL 
 
 Anna, 727(2), 729 
 
 David, 642 
 BAECHTEL 
 
 Elizabeth, 655 
 
 M. M. ,Rev., 520 
 BAER 
 
 Angeneva, 929 
 
 Anna E., 887 
 
 Charlotte, 929 
 
 Charlotte, Myrtle, 929 
 
 Emma Louisa, 929 
 
 Gabriel, 887, 929 
 
 Henry, 929 
 
 Jesse, 387 
 
 John Henry, 929 
 
 Mary Alice, 929 
 
 Mary Ann, 929 
 
 Rachel, 887 
 
 Rebecca, 887 
 
 Samuel E., 929 
 
 Susan Neomia, 929 
 
 William A., 226 
 
 wniiam J., 420 
 BAGER 
 
 John G. Rev., 313 
 
 John George Rev., 489 
 BAGLEY 
 
 Daniel B., 341 
 BAHN 
 
 Elizabeth, 521 
 
 James, 226 
 
 Maria, 521 
 BAHNER 
 
 R ev.. 174, 540 
 BAHFTES 
 
 F. F. Rev., 266, 536, 
 591, 613 
 BAILY 
 
 S. M., Gen., 776 
 
 Thomas, 419 
 BAIN 
 
 ^Dr., 279, 559 
 
 George Col., 483 
 
 Lane & Culbertson, 659 
 BAINEYS 
 
 , 562 
 
 BAINOR 
 
 Fred'k, 596 
 BAIR 
 
 Anna, 740 
 
 David, 740 
 
 BAIR continued 
 
 Eleanor, 740 
 
 Elizabeth, 741 
 
 Jacob, 435, 560 
 
 Jacob S., 740 
 
 John, 740 
 
 John M., 740 
 
 Michael, 740, 741 
 
 Mollie E., 740 
 
 Nettie A., 740 
 
 S. M., 740 
 
 Samuel, 740 
 
 Simon M. , 740 
 BAIRD 
 
 Andrew Jr. , 154 
 
 Frederick, 244 
 
 John, 155(2), 558(2) 
 
 Robert, 592 
 
 Thomas, 153, 
 
 William, 154 
 BAIRDS 
 
 The, 597 
 BAKER 
 
 Mr., 365 
 
 A., 534 
 
 Ann, 805 
 
 Catherine, 723 
 
 Charles A. W. , 225 
 
 Christian, 196 
 
 Daisy, 898 
 
 Daniel Rev., 535 
 
 Daniel M. , 723 
 
 David, 589 
 
 E. J,, Mrs., 530 
 
 Elizabeth, 831 
 
 Emma, 809 
 
 Emma J. Mrs., 529 
 
 Fredrick, 246, 346 
 
 G. H., 534 
 
 George, 898 
 
 Henry K., 809 
 
 Hugh, 240 
 
 Jacob, 241, 589 
 
 Jeremiah , 240 
 
 John, 241, 575, 585, 
 589, 898 
 
 John N., 898 
 
 John P., 225, 230 
 
 Mattha J., 920 
 
 Mary, 809, 920 
 
 Mary J., 898 
 
 Nicholas, 210, 225, 
 302 
 
 Peter, 196, 241, 589, 
 503 
 
 Peter Sr., 589 
 
 Robert, 152, 579 
 
 Samuel, 240, 579, 580 
 
 Samuel Dr. , 283 
 
 Samuel E., 920 
 
 Viola, 898 
 
 William, 395, 420, 
 598 
 BALLA 
 
 James, 508(2) 
 BALLIER 
 
 Col., 339 
 BALLIET 
 
 Emma J., 856 
 BALSBAUGH 
 
 -4- 
 
 BALSBAUGH 
 
 Anna, 889 
 BALSLEY 
 
 Catharine, 929 
 Elizabeth, 929 
 George J., 174, 203,395, 
 
 435, 929(2) 
 Henry, 929 
 Henry Jr., 929 
 John, 929 
 Margaret, 929 
 Polly, 929(2) 
 Sarah, 929 
 Susan C, 929 
 BALTZELL 
 
 Isaiah, 595 
 BALTZLEY 
 Henry, 563 
 John, 563 
 BANDROW 
 
 Mary, 964 
 BANE 
 
 Dr., 862 
 BANEFIELD 
 
 Robert, 155, 569 
 BANKER 
 
 Andrew, 389 
 Jacob S . , 351 
 BANKS 
 
 Gen., 735 
 Rev. Dr., 853 
 BAR 
 
 Abraham, 266 
 BARBER 
 
 William, 419 
 BARCKLEY 
 
 Robert, 182 
 BARCLAY 
 
 Andrew, 240, 758 
 John, 240, 505 
 Martha, 745 
 Reynold M. , 351 
 Sarah, 758 
 BARCLEY 
 
 Mary E., 762 
 William, 762 
 BARD 
 
 Mr., 519 
 Andrew, 454, 803 
 Archibald, 243, 394, 416, 
 
 516 
 Archibald Judge, 572 
 C. L., 212 
 Catharine, 572 
 David T. , 225 
 Eliza Jane, 848 
 Elizabeth, 572 
 Ella N., 803 
 Isaac, 572 
 Jacob A., 803 
 James, 862 
 Jane, 572, 924 
 John C, 803 
 Margaret, 803, 879, 881 
 Mary, 803 
 Michael, 573 
 R. M. Mrs. 389 
 Richard, 200, 420, 514, 
 
 572, 848 
 Robert, 353 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 BARD continued 
 
 Robert M., 325, 413, 420 
 463, 619 
 
 Robert McFarland, 618 
 
 Thomas, 394, 572 
 
 Thomas Capt., 243, 618 
 
 Thomas P., 201 
 
 William, 212, 464, 
 610 
 
 William F., 803 
 BARGES 
 
 Rev. Mr., 496 
 BARICKSTRASSER 
 
 Jacob, 585 
 BARKDOLL 
 
 Anna, 930 
 
 Catherine, 930 
 
 Christiana, 930, 939 
 
 David, 930 
 
 Elizabeth, 930 
 
 John, 930, 939 
 
 Salens, 930 
 
 Susan, 939 
 BARKLEY 
 
 Andrew, 757 
 
 Catherine, 757 
 
 Hugh, 560 
 
 James , 244 
 
 Sarah, 757 
 
 T., 606 
 BARKLOW 
 
 Bamet, 594 
 BARKUS 
 
 H.'H., 534 
 BARLOW 
 
 A. D., 582 
 BARMORD 
 
 George, 246 
 BARNES 
 
 Solomon B., 349 
 BARNET 
 
 David, 577, 578 
 
 James, 154, 161 
 
 John, 161, 169 
 
 Joseph, 577, 578 
 
 Joshua, 154, 161 
 
 Hoses, 588, 596 
 
 Robert, 154, 155, 568 
 Thos., 154, 577, 
 584 
 
 Thomas Jr., 154, 161 
 
 Thomas Sr. 161 
 
 Wm., 244, 577 
 BARNEIT 
 
 John, 577 
 
 Joseph, 236 
 
 Margaret, 653 
 
 Thomas, 577 
 
 William, 155, 179, 568 
 BASNETTS 
 
 Joseph, 745 
 
 Mary, 745 
 BARNHART 
 
 Abraham B., 225 
 
 Catharine, 947 
 
 D., 539 
 
 D. S., 433 
 
 Daniel, 833 
 
 Daniel S., 229 
 
 George, 947 
 
 BARNHART continued 
 
 Malinda, 833 
 
 Nancy, 833 
 
 Peter, 585 
 
 Thomas, 492 
 BARNHILL 
 
 John, 584 
 6ARNITZ 
 
 Miss, 779 
 
 Augustus, 476 
 
 Elizabeth, 780 
 
 George, 464, 669 
 
 George M., 340 
 
 Mattle, 669 
 
 Susan, 780, 793 
 
 William T. , 346 
 BARNS 
 
 Samuel, 492 
 BARK 
 
 Son. 169 
 
 Abraham, 962 
 
 Alice B., 962 
 
 Charles, 577 
 
 Elsie, 939 
 
 Henry D. , 340 
 
 John, 184, 568, 585 
 
 John L., 486 
 
 Thomas, 155, 169, 
 565, 568(2), 580, 
 577 
 
 William, 154 
 BARRACK 
 
 Hugh, 240 
 BARRETT 
 
 Rev., 496 
 
 Moses, 588 
 BARRICK 
 
 Dr., 779 
 
 BARRICRS 
 
 Susan, 791 
 BARRY 
 
 Basil, 492, 525, 609 
 
 Bazil, 582 
 BART 
 
 Julia, 546 
 BARTLE 
 
 Henry, 351, 352 
 BARTLEBAUGH 
 
 Geo., 560 
 BARTON 
 
 C. M., 421 
 
 James, ,610 
 BASEHORE 
 
 , 546 
 
 family, 934(4) 
 BASHOR 
 
 S. H., 536 
 
 S. H. Elder, 933 
 BASHORE 
 
 A. S., 226 
 BASLER 
 
 Elizabeth, 881 
 BASOR 
 
 George, 585 
 
 Peter, 585 
 BASORE 
 
 John J., 224 
 BASSEUR 
 
 family, 934 
 BATES 
 
 BATES 
 
 Anthony, 240 
 
 Orban, 577 
 BATTERLY 
 
 Jacob, 153 
 BATTIN 
 
 ^Mr., 764 
 
 Chas. Edmondson, 764 
 
 E. Kattie, 764 
 
 Luther G., 764 
 
 M. E., 441, 763 
 
 Marshall Edmondson, 763 
 
 Mary G., 764 
 
 Susie, 764 
 BAUER 
 
 H., 491 
 
 Justina Sophia, 636 
 BAUGHER 
 
 George Rev, , 519 
 
 Henry, 241 
 BAUGHEY 
 
 ^Rev. Mr., 519 
 
 BAUflHMAN 
 
 John, 239, 242 
 
 May, 918 
 BAUM 
 
 Andrew Dr., 275, 454 
 BAUMAN 
 
 C, 491 
 BAUSE 
 
 John A., 294 
 BAUSMAN 
 
 B. Rev., 493 
 BAXTER 
 
 widow, 580 
 
 Allen, 574 
 
 Charles, 579 
 
 John, 242, 596 
 
 John M. , 603 
 
 John N., 224 
 BAY 
 
 Rev. Mr., 163 
 BAYER 
 
 , 546 
 
 John (Rev.), 576 
 BAYLE 
 
 John, 239 
 BAYNE 
 
 J., 212 
 BEAKER 
 
 George, 590 
 BEALL 
 
 Maggie C, 514(2) 
 BEAM 
 
 Mr., 817 
 
 Adam, 608 
 
 Chlrstina, 817 
 
 David, 817 
 
 George P., 817 
 
 Lillie B., 817 
 
 Luther, 817 
 
 Maggie, 817 
 
 Mary J., 817 
 
 Priscilla, 817 
 
 Rosana, 817 
 
 Samuel, 817 
 
 Samuel L. (Rev.), 576 
 
 Samuel W. , 346 
 
 Sarah, 817 
 
 Susan, 817 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 BEAM continued 
 Susan C, 817 
 Susana, 817 
 Sylvester E. , 817 
 BEAMHOP 
 
 John, 246 
 BEAMS 
 
 (the), 572 
 Elizabeth, 917 
 Jesse, 240 
 BEAR 
 
 Miss, 766 
 Mr., 595 
 Rev. Mr., 758 
 Charlotte, 887 
 Ephraim, 226, 920 
 Jacob, 923 
 John, 492 
 Uah, 920 
 Martha, 923 
 Mattie E., 923 
 Michael, 241 
 Weaver 4 Co., 781' 
 BEARD 
 
 A. J., 541 
 
 Andrew, 585, 588 
 
 David, 246 
 
 Elizabeth (Mrs.), 810 
 
 F. J., 534, 535 
 
 Jesse, 541 
 
 John, 200, 203, 573, 
 
 588 
 John Jr., 585 
 John Sr. , 585 
 Martin, 241 
 Rebecca, 813 
 Robert, 556, 588 
 Thomas, 598 
 William, 588, 597(2) 
 Wm. Jr., 585 
 BEARDS 
 
 , 561 
 
 beASHOVEr 
 
 Daniel, 589 
 BEASOR 
 
 David, 590 
 BEAST 
 
 Henry, 560 
 BEATS 
 
 Conrad, 578 
 Lodwlck, 577 
 BEATTY 
 
 Capt., 223 
 Mr., 199 
 Rev., 540 
 Catharine, 836 
 Elizabeth, 572 
 George Rev., 601(2) 
 Henry, 244, 836 
 Isabella, 836 
 Isabella Hall, 836 
 James, 556, 836 
 John, 181, 240, 560 
 John S., 585 
 Margaret, 836 
 Martha, 559 
 Mary, 836 
 Samuel, 236, 243 
 Thomas, 179 
 W. T, Rev., 544 
 
 BEATTY continued 
 
 Walter, 152, 199, 274, 
 459, 573, 587, 592 
 
 William, 510 
 BEATY 
 
 Walte, 596 
 
 Wm. , 560 
 BEAUREGARD 
 
 Mr., 339 
 
 P. G. T., Gen., 334 
 BEAVER 
 
 Addie G., 541 
 
 Antony, 590 
 
 David, 244 
 
 Eveline, 722, 954 
 
 G., 534 
 
 G. B., 534 
 
 George, 230, 243 
 
 John, 349, 569, 613, 
 880 
 
 John Lieut . , 355 
 
 John Mrs . , 569 
 
 John Sr. , 570 
 
 Mary Jane, 880 
 
 Nicholas, 573, 589 
 
 Peter, 492, 612 
 
 Susanah, 612 
 BECHTEL 
 
 Rev. Mr., 570 
 
 Christian, 244 
 
 H. D., 566 
 
 Samuel, 151, 315, 579 
 BECHTELLE 
 
 C. B., 552 
 
 C. P., 546, 551 
 
 Christian B., 436 
 BECHTELS 
 
 (the), 655 
 BECK 
 
 Abraham G., 764(2) 
 
 Abraham S . , 764 
 
 Adelina, 764 
 
 B. F. Rev., 499 
 David, 764(2) 
 David Jr., 764 
 Maria, 764 
 Martin, 764 
 Mary, 764 
 Mary S., 764 
 Sophia, 764 
 
 W. H., 441 
 William, 594 
 BECKER 
 
 C. L. Dr., 500 
 BEE 
 
 (widow), 560 
 BEECHER 
 
 Edward W., 352 
 BEELER 
 
 Joseph H., 544 
 BEERS 
 
 Alexander, 757 
 
 Jane, 757 
 
 Robert, 582 
 BEESECKER 
 
 Jacob, 153, 588, 589 
 BEETINGER 
 
 Adam, 612 
 BEHM 
 
 Edward G., 420 
 
 -6- 
 
 BEIGHTAL 
 
 Samuel, 601 
 BEINBRECK 
 
 Peter, 575 
 BEITSCH 
 
 George, 472 
 BELL 
 
 Mrs., 364 
 
 Anna K., 927, 930 
 
 Carrie A., 930 
 
 Catherine, 930 
 
 Charlotta, 930 
 
 E. K. Rev., 30 
 
 Ernest E. , 931 
 
 Frederick, 930, 931(2) 
 
 George, 927, 930(2), 
 931 
 
 George H.,931 
 
 George M.D. , 541, 930 
 
 Helen E., 930 
 
 Henry F., 930 
 
 Herbert C, 931(2), 932 
 
 Ida M. , 931(2) 
 
 Jason, 533, 535, 930(4) 
 
 Jennie, 930 
 
 John, 184, 580 
 
 John (Hon), 365 
 
 John A., 930 
 
 Joseph C. , 930 
 
 Joseph M., 930, 931 
 Kate B., 931 
 Keller J., 931 
 Malinda, 930 
 Margaret, 715 
 Mary A., 930 
 Mary E. , 930 
 Mollie, 930 
 Sarah N., 922 
 Thomas, 716, 922 
 William, 588 
 William Jr., 585 
 William Sr., 585 
 BELLE 
 
 Sarah, 935 
 BELLOWS 
 
 George, 244 
 BELTZ 
 
 Catherine, 702 
 BEMISDARFER 
 
 J. R,, 294 
 BENCHHOFF 
 John, 932 
 Mary A., 932 
 Sarah Ann. , 932 
 William F., 932 
 BENCHOFF 
 
 Mr., 381 
 hiz - 
 
 izabeth, 932 
 Howard J., 932 
 John, 932 
 
 L. F.,435, 541, 932 
 Martha B., 932 
 Ross Edgar, 932 
 BENDER 
 
 A. R. Rev., 513 
 Abram, 535 
 Addie, 899 
 Catherine, 898 
 David, 898(2) 
 Elizabeth, 899(2) 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 BENDER continued 
 
 George, 899 
 
 George C., 899 
 
 Henry, 899 
 
 Horace, 422 
 
 Joseph, 534(2) 
 
 Laura, 899 
 
 Lydia, 899 
 
 Mary A., 899 
 
 Michael, 898(2) 
 
 Nancy, 899 
 
 Sadie, 899 
 
 Samuel, 239 
 
 Susan A., 899 
 
 William A. , 899 
 BENEDICK 
 
 Susan E., 889 
 BENEDICT 
 
 F. W., 933 
 
 J. A., 202 
 
 Jacob, 619 
 
 John A., 619 
 
 John D., 535 
 
 Kate M., 933 
 
 Mary M. 619 
 
 Peter, 928, 932 
 
 Sarah E. Keyser, 619 
 BENEDICTS 
 
 (the), 575 
 BENHART 
 
 Fred'k, 596 
 BENKER 
 
 Michael, 179 
 BENNET 
 
 Arthur, 341 
 
 George W. , 341 
 BENNETT 
 
 Arthur, 351(2) 
 
 James, 239 
 
 John, 529 
 BENNIDICK 
 
 Elizabeth, 589 
 BENNIGER 
 
 William, 571 
 BENSON 
 
 Richard, 577(2), 588, ■ 
 610 
 BERCAW 
 
 Mrs., 820 
 
 Ollie, 820 
 BERG 
 
 A., 491 
 
 Joseph F. Rev., 523(2) 
 BERGER 
 
 Appleton, 225, 873 
 
 David, 873, 884 
 
 Delia, 884 
 
 Edna, 873 
 
 Emma S., 873 
 
 Henry, 350 
 
 John K., 472 
 
 Sarah J., 884 
 
 Sarah Jane, 873 
 BERGHAM 
 
 V. Hummel Rev., 499 
 BERGSTRESSER 
 
 Adele, 934 
 
 Charles, 934 
 
 Edwin, 294, 934 
 
 Elizabeth, 933 
 
 BERGSTRESSER continued 
 
 Fuller, 934 
 
 John R. , 934 
 
 Marth Jane, 934 
 
 P. (Rev.), 536(3), 933 
 
 Peter, 933 
 
 Philip, 933 
 
 William, 934 
 BERGSTROSER 
 
 John George, 933 
 BERKEL 
 
 Frederick, .A5 
 BERKLE 
 
 Fredrick, 246, 341 
 BERKLEY 
 
 (Bishop), 146 
 BERKSTRESSER 
 
 George, 582 
 BERLIN 
 
 Eliza, 804 
 
 Elizabeth Mrs., 810 
 
 John, 242 
 
 Mary A. , 804 
 
 Philip, 204, 210, 220, 
 231, 325, 394, 463, 
 474, 804 
 
 Philip Dr., 804 
 BERND 
 
 John, 587 
 BERRY 
 
 Gen., 902 
 
 Dennis, 454 
 BERRYHILL 
 
 Gilbert, 183 
 
 Margaret, 895 
 . Wm., 163, 556, 560 
 BERSHLEY 
 
 James, 525 
 BERT 
 
 Benjamin, 552 
 
 Benjamin Mrs., 552 
 
 John, 463, 552 
 
 John Mrs . , 552 
 
 Julia, 552 
 BERTRAM 
 
 William, 311 
 BESHORE 
 
 George , 464 
 BESOR 
 
 Hannah, 652 , 
 BESORE 
 
 Adam, 613, 809 
 
 Alfred, 934 
 
 Alice G., 811 
 
 Amos K., 810 
 
 & Slelghter Co., 794 
 
 Barbara J. , 771 
 
 Catharine, 934, 965(2) 
 
 Clara, 934 
 
 Clara Anna, 963 
 
 Daisy B., 811 
 
 Daniel, 934(2) 
 
 David, 204, 934(2) 
 
 Eliza, 804 
 
 Elizabeth, 810(3), 934 
 
 Emma L. , 811 
 
 F. Mr., 794 
 
 Family, 934 
 
 George, 531, 809, 
 810, 929, 934(3), 
 
 BESORE continued 
 
 George cont., 935, 939, 963 
 
 George M. , 811 
 
 George W., 810 
 
 Hannah, 810(2) 
 
 Henry, 934 
 
 Jacob, 244, 934, 965 
 
 Jane, 944 
 
 Jennie E., 810(3), 934 
 
 John R., 810 
 
 josiah, 211, 929, 934(2) 
 
 Kate A., 811 
 
 Landls A., 810 
 
 Leah, 810 
 
 Lydia, 810 
 
 Magdalena, 810 
 
 Mamie E. , 811 
 
 Mary, 613, 811, 934 
 
 Mary Mrs., 794 
 
 Mathew, 243 
 
 Moses, 464, 809 
 
 Peggy, 810 
 
 Peter, 464, 771, 808, 810(4) 
 
 Rachel, 809, 810(2) 
 
 Rebecca, 810 
 
 Samuel, 934 
 
 William H., 810 
 BESSOR 
 
 George, 340 
 
 Philip, 340 
 BEST 
 
 Fred'k, 242 
 BETTES 
 
 George, 239 
 BETTINGER 
 
 Fred'k, 596 
 BETY 
 
 John, 341 
 BEVANS 
 
 Leonard, 608(2) 
 SEVENS 
 
 Margaret , 642 
 BEVERSON 
 
 Fred'k, 241 
 BEYER 
 
 William, 860 
 BICKLEY 
 
 Mr., 213 
 
 A., 495 
 
 A. Rev., 570 
 
 Augustus, 212(2) 
 
 Delilah Mrs., 483 
 
 Jacob, 242, 463 
 
 Miss, 633 
 
 Harnett, 633 
 
 Harry, 481 
 
 Jacob, 479 
 BIDDINGER 
 
 George N., 351 
 BIDDLE 
 
 Mrs., 463 
 
 Charles, 459 
 
 David, 179 
 
 E. M., 420 
 
 Edward W. , 422 
 
 Fletcher W. , 582 
 BIETSCH 
 
 Mrs., 620 
 
 Alice, 620 
 
 Charles, 620 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 BIETSCH continued 
 
 Elizabeth, 619, 620 
 
 Emll, 620 
 
 Eve, 620 
 
 Frederick, 619 
 
 George, 476(2), 619, 620 
 649 
 
 George A. , 479 
 
 George W. , 479, 482 
 
 Gertie, 620 
 
 Katie, 620 
 
 lottie, 620 
 
 Philip, 472, 479 
 
 Thomas, 620 
 BIGGER 
 
 James S . , 246 
 BIGGS 
 
 William, 354 
 BIGHAM 
 
 family, 793 
 
 Hugh, 223, 596 
 
 Robert, 573 
 
 S. Rev., 570 
 
 Solomon, 595 
 BIGLER 
 
 Gov., 925 
 
 Jacob, 494 
 
 Jane, 844 
 
 John, 925 
 
 Mary A., 925 
 
 Mary E., 817 
 BILLINGS 
 
 John, 244 
 BINEBRECK 
 
 Daniel, 621 
 BINGAMAN 
 
 , 526 
 
 BlMCEHAN 
 
 Mary I., 898 
 BINGER 
 
 J., 494 
 BINGHAM 
 
 G. W., 550 
 BINKLEY 
 
 D. S., 433 
 BIRKINBINE 
 
 H. P. M., 470 
 BIRNEY 
 
 Gen., 902 
 BIRSECKER 
 
 George A., 342 
 BISHOP 
 
 Mr., 765 
 
 A. 0., 833 
 
 Alcesta B., 765 
 
 Alvln 0., 765 
 
 Anna, 765 
 
 Barbara, 764, 765 
 
 Barbara A. , 765 
 
 Catherine, 765 
 
 Christian, 765 
 
 Edith M. , 765 
 
 Eliza, 765 
 
 Elizabeth, 765 
 
 Emma C, 765, 787 
 
 Grace, 546 
 
 Henry, 389 
 
 J. M. , 314, 494, 549, 
 550 
 
 J. M. Rev., 494, 570, 767 
 
 BiSHOP continued 
 
 J. Philip, 765(2) 
 
 JgCob, 765 
 
 James M. , 549, 595, 
 765(2) 
 
 James M, Rev., 764, 787 
 
 Jeremiah Rev. , 570 
 
 John, 765 
 
 Laura £. , 765 
 
 Levi, 765 
 
 Levina C. , 755 
 
 Luclnda, 765 
 
 Magdalene, 765 
 
 Mary, 765 
 
 Mary A., 765 
 
 Mary C, 765 
 
 Mary E., 833 
 
 Mary V., 765, 767 
 
 Philip, 764, 765(3) 
 
 S. Snively, 294 
 
 Simon S., 765 
 
 Sophia, 765 
 
 Susan, 765 
 BITINGER 
 
 Mr., 945 
 BITNER 
 
 Rev., 571 
 Daniel, 351 
 George W. , 389 
 H., 599 
 M., 571 
 Sarah, 695 
 BITTINGER 
 
 Miss, 199, 403 
 Anm Barbara, 658 
 Barbara, 861 
 George, 573 
 Jacob, 242, 599 
 Nicholas, 199, 403, 573, 
 
 589, 658, 861 
 William, 246 
 BITTINGERS 
 the, 597 
 BITTNER 
 Miss, 920 
 Jane, 777 
 Jenny, 777 
 Michael, 777 
 Solomon, 352 
 BIVINS 
 
 William, 244 
 BIXLER 
 
 Barbara, 766 
 
 Barbara Mrs., 766 
 
 Caroline E. , 766 
 
 Carrie E., 636 
 
 Elizabeth Mrs . , 766 
 
 Caroline E. , 766 
 
 Carrie E. , 636 
 
 Elizabeth Mrs . , 766 
 
 Emma R. , 766 
 
 Bnma V., 768 
 
 family, 766 
 
 Hiram, 766 
 
 J. R. Dr., 768 
 
 Jacob, 636, 766(2), 777 
 
 Jacob R. Dr. , 766 
 
 Jennie E. , 796 
 
 John, 766 
 
 John Mrs., 756 
 
 BIXLER continued 
 
 Mary A., 766, 777 
 
 Mary C, 766 
 
 Nancy, 766 
 
 Rebecca, 765 
 
 Samuel, 766(4) 
 
 William 0., 756, 796 
 BLACK 
 
 Ann, 155 
 
 Ann (widow), 568 
 
 Benjamin, 603 
 
 David, 152, 577 
 
 David H., 345 
 
 Henry, 154, 573, 873 
 
 Henry Van Fries, 873 
 
 Isabel Mrs., 792 
 
 J. Hon., 873 
 
 J. E. Rev., 516 
 
 J. Harper Rev., 620 
 
 James, 155, 179, 505(2), 
 568, 620 
 
 James L. , 209, 389, 416, 
 504, 520 
 
 Jane, 620 
 
 Jeremiah S., 416, 657 
 
 Jerry Judge, 565 
 John, 155, 558, 573, 591 
 John Rev., 151, 558 
 John Bums, 596 
 Laura E,, 643 
 Levi, 240 
 Margaret, 770 
 Mary, 873 
 
 Mary B. Harper, 520 
 Mary F., 873 
 Michael, 183 
 
 Robert, 223, 225, 503, 504 
 Samuel, 311 '' 
 William, 183 
 BLACKBURN 
 Andrew, 584 
 John, 588 
 
 Moses, 454, 588(2), 595 
 BLACKLEY 
 James , 589 
 William, 589, 590 
 BLACKSMITH 
 
 Buckeye, 446 
 BLACKSTONE 
 
 William Sir, 390 
 BLACKWELDER 
 
 D.M. Rev., 595 
 BLAIN 
 
 John, 154 
 BLAINE 
 
 James G., 595 
 Mary, 446 
 BLAIR 
 
 Mr., 309, 515 
 Alexander, 579, 788 
 Andrew, 482 
 Anna E. , 804 
 Anna J. , 788 
 Asburry G., 935 
 Charles, 935 
 D. 0., 259(2) 
 D. 0. Dr., 935 
 Edwin 0., 93'. 
 Harry A., 482 
 Henry G. , 935 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 BLAIR continued 
 
 Hugh, 244 
 
 Ida M. , 804 
 
 James, 151, 155(2), 169 
 568, 569, 579, 804 
 
 James S., 804 
 
 Jane, 804 
 
 John, 155, 169, 568, 579, 
 585, 604(2), 935 
 
 John Rev., 152, 163, 586 
 823 
 
 John H., 804, 841 
 
 John L., 294 
 
 Keith, 935 
 
 Lucy, 841 
 
 Mabel G., 936 
 
 Mary B., 935 
 
 Mary J., 935 
 
 Nancy J. Mrs., 925 
 
 0. M., 481 
 
 Percy, 935 
 
 Ray, 804 
 
 Sarah, 935 
 
 Sarah J., 804 
 
 Scott H., 804 
 
 Stanley, 935 
 
 Thomas, 482, 579, 580, 
 757 
 
 W., 259 
 
 W. H., 209 
 
 William, 170, 482, 935 
 
 William, 170, 482, 935 
 
 William H., 435 
 
 Willie, 935 
 BLAKE 
 
 John, 767 
 BLAKELEY 
 
 John, 181 
 
 William, 589 
 BLANCHARD 
 
 Mr., 852 
 
 Thomas A., 352 
 BLANKNEY 
 
 William, 225 
 BLATTENBERGER 
 
 Jacob, 441, 529 
 BLEAKNEY 
 
 William, 204 
 BLECHER 
 
 Mr., 463 
 BLECKENRIDGE 
 
 J., 834 
 
 John, 758 
 
 Nancy, 758(2) 
 BECKER 
 
 Frederick, 460 
 BLOOD 
 
 S. Mr., 499 
 
 Samuel, 462, 499, 501 
 BLOOM 
 
 Arabella, 748 
 
 Susan, 715 
 
 William, 748 
 BLUNSTON 
 
 Samuel, 149, 150 
 BLUTTENBERGER 
 
 Jacob, 349 
 BLYTH 
 
 Benjamin, 169 
 
 John, 594 
 
 BLYTH continued 
 
 Samuel, 594, 595 
 BLYTHE 
 
 Benjamin, 149, 242 
 
 David, 236 
 BOAL 
 
 Thomas, 155, 568 
 
 William, 154, 394 
 BOALL 
 
 James, 154 
 BOARBAUGH 
 
 Philip, 589 
 BOARD 
 
 Charles, 814 
 
 John, 587 
 BOCK 
 
 Mr., 835 
 
 Catherine, 816 
 
 David Rev., 535 
 
 Edgar S., 230 
 BOEHM 
 
 Martin, 314 
 BOGEL 
 
 Joseph, 592 
 BOGGS 
 
 Maj., 274 
 
 Mr., 767 
 
 Andrew, 419 
 
 Catherine M., 740 
 
 Elizabeth, 637, 740 
 
 Etama N. 
 
 Franklin T., 766 
 
 George F. , 740 
 
 Hannah N., 766 
 
 J. A., 740(2) 
 
 James, 184 
 
 James Buchana, 420 
 
 James Carson, 740 
 
 John, 189, 193, 200, 590 
 596, 740(2), 244, 245 
 
 John Dr. , 575 
 
 John Jr.,- 740 
 
 John D., 224, 604 
 
 Joseph, 224, 766(2) 
 
 Lydia, 740 
 
 Martha J., 740 
 
 Mary V., 766 
 
 Mattie J., 740 
 
 Perry, 603 
 
 Susan, 766 
 
 Thaddeus, 766(3) 
 
 Thomas N. Rev. , 637 
 
 Tudie, 766 
 
 W. Hammet, 434 
 
 William, 606, 766 
 
 William H., 740 
 
 William Hammett, 766 
 BOHN 
 
 Henry S., 349 
 
 NiAinie C, 223 
 
 Valentine H., 349 
 BOHRER 
 
 Annie, 867 
 
 Clara V. , 860 
 
 George W., 860 
 
 Jacob, 867 
 BOLEY 
 
 Henry, 340 
 BOLEYN 
 
 Hugh Rev., 275 
 
 BOLINGER 
 
 Mary V. Mrs. 765 
 BOLLES 
 
 Adam, 635 
 
 Margaret, 635 
 BOLLINGER 
 
 Mr., 309 
 
 Benjamin, 757(2) 
 
 Catherine, 767 
 
 Edith A., 767 
 
 Jacob, 767(2) 
 
 Joseph, 767 
 
 Lydia, 767 
 
 Mabel, 767 
 
 Mary, 767 
 
 Mary A., 767 
 
 Mary V., 767 
 
 Uriah, 434 
 
 Urias, 767 
 BOLTON 
 
 William, 239, 577 
 BOMBERGER 
 
 Catharine, 782 
 
 J. H. A. Rev., 536, 591 
 
 Joseph, 782 
 
 Sarah, 782 
 BONAFFLON 
 
 A., 501 
 BONBRAKE 
 
 Catharine, 621 
 
 Conrad, 621 
 
 Daniel, 621 
 
 Dewalt, 589 
 
 Eliza Belle, 623 
 
 Bnanuel J., 621 
 
 Bianuel James, 620 
 
 Henry, 621 
 
 Jacob, 621 
 
 Jessie, 623 
 
 John, 621(2) 
 
 John W. , 621 
 
 Juliann, 621 
 
 Lillian, 623 
 
 Maria, 621 
 
 Nicholas, 621 
 
 Norman Leroy, 623 
 
 Susan, 621 
 
 Susanna, 621 
 BONBRICK 
 
 Daniel, 573 
 
 Daniel Jr., 573 
 
 Fred., 573 
 BOND 
 
 Alic« 776 
 
 Richard, 325, 492 
 
 T. L., 776 
 
 Thomas Dr., 284 
 BONDBRICK 
 
 Henry, 573 
 
 Peter, 573 
 BONEBRAKE 
 
 A. S., 534 
 
 A. S. Dr., 534 
 
 Agnes, 888 
 
 & Walter, 440 
 
 & Walter Co., 965 
 
 Andrew S. Dr., 887 
 
 Anna A., 888 
 
 Catharine, 956 
 
 Catherine, 9=i7(2)., 959 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 BONEBRAKE continued 
 
 Conrad, 887 
 
 Daniel, 210, 887 (2) 
 
 Daniel W. Dr., 887 
 
 David S., 887 
 
 Dick, 382 
 
 E. J., 212, 266(2), 390 
 421 
 
 Elizabeth, 887 
 
 Emma, 887 
 
 Eve, 902 
 
 Fordyce, 888 
 
 George, 888 
 
 Gussie, 888 
 
 H. G., 435, 534, 535, 
 965 
 
 H. X. Dr., 887(2) 
 
 Henry G., 350 
 
 Henry X., 293 
 
 Irene, 888 
 
 John, 890 
 
 John W. , 621 
 
 Juliana, 890 
 
 Louis X., 887 
 
 Margret, 887, 678 
 
 Melchor Dr., 887 
 
 Peter, 242, 575 
 
 Susan, 959 
 BONEBREAK 
 
 Betsey, 743 
 
 Conrad, 956 
 
 Jacob, 954 
 BONEBREAKE 
 
 Susan, 954 
 BONES 
 
 Hugh, 610 
 
 James, 555, 556, 588 
 BONEWELL 
 
 John W. , 494 
 BONHAH 
 
 J. Ellis, 657, 826 
 
 Sarah, 657 
 
 Sarah A., 826 
 BONNEL 
 
 W. Wilson Rev., 493 
 BONNER 
 
 Jr., 259 
 
 Boliver B., 420 
 
 C. F., 551 
 
 C. F. Capt., 546 
 
 Columbus F., 420 
 BOOKER 
 
 Mary, 748 
 
 Matthias, 585 
 
 Samuel, 748 
 BOONE 
 
 Daniel, 891 
 
 Daniel (of Kentucky), 
 89.1 
 
 family, 891 
 
 George 1 891 
 
 Susan, 891 
 
 Willla^i, 891 
 BOQUET 
 
 Col., 904 
 BORDER 
 
 Charles S., 231 
 BONEAUGH 
 
 Fredk., 240 
 
 BORELAND 
 
 Mr., 664 
 
 John A., 341 
 BORMEST 
 
 John, 244 
 BORTS 
 
 Samuel, 340 
 BOSELEY 
 
 Dr., 666 
 BOSHAAR 
 
 Daniel, 590 
 BOSLER 
 
 Elizabeth, 782 
 BOSSART 
 
 J. W. , 440 
 BOSSERT 
 
 William, 211, 265(2), 
 266(2) 
 BOTELER 
 
 (Dr.) B. F., 541 
 
 George W. , 293 
 
 (Dr.) George W. , 293 
 BOTZKER 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 BOTZYERGOLL 
 
 (Mr.), 855 
 BOUGH 
 
 Leonard, 394 
 BOUQUET 
 
 Col., 165, 704 
 
 (Col.) Henry, 703 
 BOURNS 
 
 (Mr.), 189 
 
 John, 189, 190 
 BOUSE 
 
 (Dr.) John A., 189, 190 
 BOWAN 
 
 John, 492 
 BOWDEN 
 
 Anna, 968 
 
 William H. , 582 
 BOWDER 
 
 A., 534 
 BOWDERS 
 
 A., 534 
 BOWEL 
 
 David, 155, 568 
 BOWEN 
 
 Amanda, 831 
 
 Bettie, 947 
 
 Charles, 947 
 
 Edward, 831 
 
 John, 582 
 
 (Rev.) John, 599 
 
 W. A., 482 
 BOWER 
 
 Christopher, 565 
 BOWERS 
 
 Catherine, 623 
 
 Ellen G. Heyser, 623 
 
 John, 464 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 
 0. C, 421, 440, 623 
 
 Oliver C, 214, 433 
 
 Robert Hodd, 623 
 
 Samuel, 623 
 
 William, 230 
 
 William G., 623 
 BOWIE 
 
 - 10 - 
 
 BOWIE continued 
 
 Ralph, 405 
 BOWLES 
 
 Elenora, 951 
 
 J. A., 351, 352 
 
 Ralph, 404 
 
 Thomas, 230 
 BOWLS 
 
 Elizabeth, 748 
 BOWMAN 
 
 Alfred S., 540 
 
 Annie, 679 
 
 (Dr.) B., 266, 679 
 
 Barbara, 795 
 
 Benjamin, 293 
 
 C. F., 532 
 
 Christine, 789 
 
 David, 947 
 
 Elizabeth, 795 
 
 Ella, 796 
 
 George V., 351 
 
 Jacob Z., 796 
 
 John, 209, 211, 244, 
 795 
 
 John C, 796 
 
 John W. , 341 
 
 Lydia Ann, 796 
 
 (Mrs.) Maria, 764 
 
 Martha, 923 
 
 Mary, 796, 947 
 
 Sarah, 796 
 
 Susan, 796 
 BOYD 
 
 — , 553 
 
 Col., 352 
 
 Mr., 311 
 
 & Cook Co., 874 
 
 & Frye Co., 874 
 
 Andrew, 594 
 
 Anna, 874 
 
 Bessie K., 874 
 
 Catharine, 846 
 
 Catherine, 873 
 
 (Mrs.) Catherine, 730 
 
 David, 179 
 
 E. M., 874 
 
 Edward C, 202, 846 
 
 Edward M. , 422 
 
 Elizabeth, 846 
 
 Estella W. , 874 
 
 Frye Co., 873 
 
 James, 154(2), 464, 584, 
 585, 846 
 
 James C, 395, 846 
 
 James L. , 846 
 
 Jane, 917 
 
 Jennie D. , 846 
 
 John, 161, 584(2), 873 
 
 John W., 874 
 
 Joseph, 526, 846 
 
 Martha, 846(2) 
 
 Mary, 846 
 
 Mary J., 700, 874 
 
 Matthew B., 846 
 
 R. J., 205 
 
 (Capt.) R. J., 700, 873 
 
 Robert, 154, 196, 203, 
 205, 584, 596 
 
 Robert C, 874 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 BOYD continued 
 
 Robert J., 230, 351, 435 
 Samuel, 146, 584 
 Susan C. White, 874 
 Thomas, 585 
 Thomas A., 420, 874 
 (Capt.), W. H., 553 
 (Mai.) W. H., 366 
 William, 169, 214, 526, 
 
 846(2) 
 William D., 846(2) 
 William H., 350, 352 
 (Capt.) William H., 553 
 
 BOYER 
 
 (Mr.), 564 
 (Mrs.), 331 
 
 Andrew, 789 
 
 Castle, 770 
 
 Catherine, 789 
 
 Elizabeth, 789 
 
 family or Byer, 770 
 
 Fred. I 2LQ 
 
 John, 770 
 
 Peter, 563 
 
 (Rev.) William, 535 
 BOYLE 
 
 (Dr.), 281, 445 
 
 Edith, 485 
 
 Maggie F., 857 
 
 Pat, 183 
 
 Patrick, 223 
 
 Hiillp, 181 
 
 W. H., 212, 291, 431 
 
 (Dr.) W. H., 363, 389, 
 476, 479 
 
 William, 281 
 
 William H., 212, 291(2), 
 292 
 
 (Dr.) William H., 2Sl, 480 
 BRACKENRIDGE 
 
 Nancy, 746 
 BRADDOCK 
 
 Gen., 160, 161, 164, 
 165, 270, 586 
 BRADFORD 
 
 (Mr.), 409 
 
 William, 406, 409 
 
 William Jr., 419 
 BRADLEY 
 
 , 550 
 
 (Mr.), 704 
 
 Crowell, Keller, 704 
 
 Edgar M. , 847 
 
 family, 846 
 
 George, 552 
 
 Hetty, 846, 872 
 
 Hetty E., 871' 
 
 Jane, 846 
 
 John, 183, 846 
 
 Johnston, 846 
 
 (Mrs.) Mary A., 846 
 
 Mary Agnes, 847 
 
 Mary H., 871 
 
 (Rev.) Matthew H., 872 
 
 S. A., 526(2) 
 
 Samuee, 244, 846, 371 
 
 Samuel A., 847 
 
 Thomas 0., 225 
 
 William, 341, 566 
 
 William A., 847 
 
 BRADLEYS 
 
 (the), 871 
 BRADNER 
 
 Joseph, 216 
 
 Joshua, 155, 568 
 BRADS 
 
 James, 582 
 BRADSTREET 
 
 (Capt.), 165 
 BRADY 
 
 Hugh, 146 
 
 Jasper, 463 
 
 Jasper E., 203, 212, 
 392, 394, 395 
 
 Joseph E. Hon., 415 
 
 Jasper Ewlng, 420 
 
 Joseph, 146 
 
 Michael, 566 
 
 (Capt.) Samuel, 186 
 
 Thomas, 239 
 BRAGUNER 
 
 Hlantha, 927 
 
 John, 927 
 BRAHM 
 
 Elizabeth, 569 
 BRAHN 
 
 John, 680 
 BRAIN 
 
 Francis, 154 
 BRAINERD 
 
 (Rev.) Thomas H., 637 
 BRAIZER 
 
 Jacob, 494(2) 
 BRAKE 
 
 Amanda E., 767 
 
 Bessie, 899 
 
 Carrie, 767 
 
 Catharine, 811 
 
 Catherine, 767, 811 
 
 Catherina, 767 
 
 Charles, 899 
 
 Christian, 767, 811(3) 
 
 Christiana, 899 
 
 Christley, 585 
 
 Frank W., 811 
 
 Franklin, 899 
 
 Harney, 899 
 
 Herbert, 899 
 
 Israel, 899 
 
 Jacob, 767, 811 
 
 Jacob Howard, 767 
 
 Jeremiah, 767(2), 811 
 
 John, 464, 767, 811(2) 
 
 John C, 899 
 
 John S., 811 
 
 Laura, 899 
 
 Louisa, 899 
 
 Magdadena, 767 
 
 Magdelena, 811 
 
 Malinda, 811 
 
 Sarah, 816 
 
 Sarah B., 811 
 
 Solomon, 767, 811(2), 
 816 
 BRAKES 
 
 Peter, 578 
 BKALLIER 
 
 Amanda Maggie, 624 
 
 Anna May, 624 
 
 E., 482 
 
 - 11 - 
 
 BRALLIER continued 
 
 (Dr.) E., 481, 482, 
 623 
 
 Emanuel, 293 
 
 Emanuel, 482 
 
 Qnma Jane, 624 
 
 James Porter, 624 
 
 John Kinports, 624 
 
 Lucy M, Kinports, 624 
 
 Lulu Veronica, 624 
 
 Stanley A, E., 624 
 BRAN 
 
 John, 185 
 BRAND 
 
 Sr., 463 
 
 & Speer, 694 
 
 Jacob S., 354, 694 
 
 John, 253 
 
 Samuel, 242, 463, 521 
 BRANDAN 
 
 G. H., 491 
 BRANDIBAKGER 
 
 Christ., 560 
 BRANDON 
 
 John, 179 
 
 William, 492 
 BRANDT 
 
 Barbara, 828 
 
 Catherine, 913 
 
 W. Daniel, 481 
 
 John, 240, 913 
 
 Samuel, 202, 211 
 BRANISHOLTS 
 
 A. K., 552 
 
 Annie C, 552 
 BRANNON 
 
 John, 181 
 BRANT 
 
 Samuel, 389 
 BRANTHAVER 
 
 Samuel , 346 
 BRARELY 
 
 Joseph, 491 
 BRATTAN 
 
 Andrew, 154 
 BRATTEN 
 
 James H., 421 
 BRATTON 
 
 John, 577 
 BRATTEN 
 
 William, 242, 244, 639 
 BRATTON 
 
 Andrew, 610 
 BRAZER 
 
 Jacob, 462 
 BREAK 
 
 Adam, 585 
 BREAKER 
 
 John, 577 
 BREAKNER 
 
 Christian, 589 
 BREAN 
 
 (Miss), 777 
 BRECHBILL 
 
 Abraham, 768(2) 
 (Mrs.) Alice, 780 
 
 Anna, 767, 768 
 
 Annie M. , 768 
 
 Barbara, 768 
 
 Barbara J., 768 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 BRECHBILL continued 
 
 Christian, 767, 768(3) 
 
 David, 768(2) 
 
 Eber H., 768 
 
 Eliza, 768 
 
 Elizabeth, 767, 768 
 
 Emma, 768 
 
 Fanny, 918 
 
 Harvey, 768 
 
 Harry H., 768 
 
 Jerome, 768 
 
 Lydia, 768 
 
 Lizzie, 768 
 
 Mary E. , 768 
 
 Susannah, 768 
 BRECKENRIDGE 
 
 (Mr.), 254 
 
 Catharine, 768 
 
 Elizabeth, 817, 818 
 
 Emma V., 768 
 
 family, 7b8 
 
 Ida a'., 768, 788 
 
 J., 566 
 
 J. H., 768 
 
 James, 154 
 
 James Hull, 768 
 
 Jane, 919 
 
 John, 566, 817, 818, 
 919 
 
 Joseph, 817 
 
 Martha, 671, 817, 818 
 
 Martha A. L., 768 
 
 Mary, 817, 818 
 
 Mary Ann, 768 
 
 Melinda C, 818 
 
 Nancy, 817 
 
 Nora, 818 
 
 Robert J. (Dr.), 688 
 
 S., 266 
 
 Samuel, 671, 768 
 
 Sarah, 919 
 
 William, 154, 597, 818 
 
 William H., 768 
 
 Zenia, 818 
 BRECKINRIDGE 
 
 James , 594 
 
 John, 594 
 
 Samuel, 594 
 BREECHBILL 
 
 Christian, 882 
 
 Katie, 882 
 
 Nancy, 882 
 BREIDBAUGH 
 
 Lydia Ann, 796 
 
 (Rev.) S. R., 796 
 BREIDENBAUGH 
 
 (Rev.) Ed., 571 
 
 Edwin, 546 
 BREIDENTHAL 
 
 Elizabeth, 521 
 BRENDLINGER 
 
 Henry, 239 
 BRENEMAN 
 
 Henry H., 345(3) 
 BRENER 
 
 Laura, 855 
 BRENGLE 
 
 Emma J., 663 
 BRENISHOLTS 
 
 Eliza, 936 
 
 BRENISHOLTS continued 
 F. S., 936 
 (Dr.) F. S., 541 
 Peter, 936 
 Samantha, 936 
 (Mrs.) Samantha A., 540 
 BRENIZER 
 
 William, 553 
 BRENNEMAN 
 
 Adeline, 918 
 
 Charley M. , 918 
 
 Clara A., 918 
 
 Elias, 917, 918 
 
 Elsie A., 918 
 
 Emma L., 918 
 
 Flora Idella, 918 
 
 Harry, 917, 918 
 
 Mary, 918 
 
 May, 918 
 
 Melchior, 918 
 BRENNER 
 
 Gearhart, 229 
 
 John D., 502 
 BKENT 
 
 William L., 419 
 BRETTOW 
 
 Mary, 223 
 BREWER 
 
 — , 526 
 
 (Mr.), 335(2), 460 
 
 Elizabeth, 855 
 
 Geo. W., 213, 390, 393, 
 420- 476 
 
 (Col.) George W. , 951 
 
 Ida, 877 
 
 J. N., 526(3) 
 
 Jacob, 712(2), 355(2) 
 
 Jacob Sr., 855 
 
 Jacob H., 225 
 
 John S., 854 
 
 Mary, 717(2) 
 
 Mary M. , 855 
 
 Nellie, 854 
 
 Susan, 710, 717 
 
 Vina, 927 
 
 William W. , 421 
 
 (the), 855 
 BREWSTER 
 
 J. R., 209, 606 
 
 James, 224, 606 
 
 James R., 305 
 
 John, 240, 606 
 
 Kyle and Co., 606 
 
 Margaret, 701 
 
 William, 605, 606(2), 
 701 
 BKICKER 
 
 Elizabeth, 624 
 
 Jacob, 349 
 
 James, 624 
 
 John, 246 
 
 Joseph, 246 
 
 Laura H., 920 
 
 Laura V. Dyson, 624 
 
 Luther, 526 
 
 (Rev.) Luther, 570 
 
 W. H., 475 
 
 William H., 624, 691 
 BRICKLEY 
 
 (Mr.), 549 
 
 - 12 - 
 
 BRICKLEY continued 
 
 Daniel, 563 
 BRIENBAUGH 
 
 W. H., 546 
 BRIGHAM 
 
 David, 577 
 BRILEY 
 
 James , 246 
 BRINDLE 
 
 Bessie G. , 769 
 
 Catherine, 638 
 
 Elizabeth, 769(2) 
 
 George, 769 
 
 George R., 769 
 
 George W., 211, 768, 
 769 
 
 Harry E., 769 
 
 Ida M. , 769 
 
 John, 242, 638 
 
 Lawrence , 594 
 
 Leander, 571 
 BRIDLE 
 
 Margaret , 745 
 
 Mary E., 638 
 BRINDLE 
 
 S. Elmer, 769 
 
 Samuel, 594 
 BRINDLEY 
 
 Matthias, 585 
 
 William W. , 345 
 BRINLEY 
 Agnes, 741 
 Amanda S,, 741 
 Barbara, 741 
 
 Catherine, 740 
 
 Daniel, 741 
 
 David C, 740 
 
 Elizabeth, 740, 741 
 
 Ella, 741 
 
 Fohl, 741 
 
 Frank, 741 
 
 George, 741 
 
 Jacob, 740, 741 
 
 John, 740(2), 741 
 
 John and Son, 741 
 
 Lydia, 741 
 
 Margaret, 740, 741 
 
 Margaretta, 741 
 
 Martha, 762 
 
 Martha J., 741 
 
 Martin M. , 741 
 
 Mary, 740, 741 
 
 Mary Ann, 740 
 
 NcClellan, 741 
 
 Michael, 740 
 
 Nannie N., 741 
 
 Noah, 741, 762 
 
 Noah A., 740 
 
 Noah Anthony, 741 
 
 Robert, 741 
 
 Sarah Ann, 741 
 
 Susan, 740 
 
 Thomas, 741 
 
 William W. , 741 
 BRINTON 
 
 (Dr.) Jr., 827 
 
 Ellen, 827 
 BRITTAIN 
 
 William, 492 
 BRITTON 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 BRITTON continued 
 
 Alem, 582 
 
 Lydla A., 814 
 
 W. W., 435 
 
 W, W, Hon., 299, 586 
 
 William W., 230, 395 
 BROADHEAD 
 
 (Gen.), 186 
 (Col.) " " 
 
 Daniel, 181 
 BRODERICK 
 
 Mary, 867 
 BRONSON 
 
 Orestes A. (Rev.), 429 
 BROOK 
 
 B. F., 525 
 BROOKS 
 
 B. F., 509 
 
 Elizabeth, 492 
 
 John Lieut., 182 
 
 Johnson, 179 
 
 William D., 482 
 BROSIUS 
 
 Jennie, 552 
 
 William H., 294 
 BROTHERS 
 
 Mathias, 573 
 BROTHERTON 
 
 (Col.), 937, 938 
 
 (Dr.), 936 
 
 Anna J., 930 
 
 David H., 936 
 
 George M. D., 345 
 
 Helen, 936 
 
 James, 152, 185, 193, 
 230, 244, 413, 419, 
 560, 577(2), 604, 
 936 
 
 (Dr.) James, 887 
 
 (Dr.) James Jr., 962 
 
 James Sr., 936 
 
 Jane, 936 
 
 John, 151, 202, 244, 
 559, 723 
 
 Kate, 540 
 
 Mary, 700 
 
 Robert, 244, 585(2), 
 587 
 
 William, 153, 483, 573, 
 577, 964 
 
 William H., 225, 244 
 BR0U6H 
 
 (Miss) C.A., 670 
 
 Peter, 265, 389, 670 
 BROW 
 
 William R., 340 
 BROUN 
 
 (Mr.), 253, 274, 309, 
 322, 323, 335, 412, 
 462 
 
 (widow), 155, 568 
 
 Adam, 241 
 
 Alex., 155 
 
 Alexander, 152, 182, 568, 
 591(2) 
 
 Allen, 184, 562, 580, 
 604(2), 605, 700, 701 
 
 Archibald, 179, 312 
 
 Bessie, 552 
 
 Black, 179 
 
 Conrad, 604 
 
 Daniel, 607, H90 
 
 BROWN continued 
 
 David, 153, 562, 604, 
 
 608 
 David Jr., 592 
 David Sr., 592 
 Elizabeth, 665, 783, 
 
 834 
 Elizabeth C, 781 
 E^nma, 890 
 Enoch, 172, 173, 174, 
 
 439, 561, 704, 861 
 (Rev.) G. G., 525 
 George, 155, 216, 463, 
 
 492, 556, 560, 568, 
 
 592, 601, 604, 609 
 Gustavus, 555, 588 
 (Rev.) H. J., 325 
 Hetty, 412 
 (Mrs.) Hetty, 150 
 J., 734, 783 
 J. C, 549 
 J. H., 534(2) 
 J. Porter, 344, 421 
 J. S., 389 
 Jacob, 463 
 Jacob S., 202 
 James, 155, 560, 569, 
 
 577, 583, 818 
 (Capt.) James, 552, 562 
 James H., 492 
 James M. , 552 
 Jeremiah, 781 
 John, 174, 181, 183, 
 
 184, 206, 224, 243, 
 
 321, 323(3), 324(2), 
 
 334, 384, 463, 501, 
 
 577, 592, 596, 805 
 (Rev.) John, 493, 494 
 John C, 342 
 Joseph, 607, 701, 834 
 Leander, 614 
 Lehman, 323 
 M, R.. 201 
 Margaret, 545, 701, 
 
 706 
 Martha, 701, 781 
 Martha Jane, 701 
 Mbrtin, 389, 463 
 Mary, 492, 700, 701, 
 
 745, 750, 798, 818, 
 
 840 
 Mathew, 223 
 Michael, 183 
 Oliver, 193, 323, 552, 
 
 577, 588 
 Oliver S., 701 
 Owen, 322, 323(2) 
 Patrick, 181, 496 
 Porter J., 336 
 Rebecca, 798, 918 
 S. D., 667 
 Sallie, 824 
 Sally, 149 
 
 Samuel, 155, 161, 568 
 Samuel H., 224 
 Sarah, 592, 798 
 Stephen J., 445 
 Stephen 0., 701 
 Thomas, 153, 206, Jl] 
 
 12), 402, ')56 
 (Dr.) W. B., 546, 701 
 
 - 13 - 
 
 BROWN continued 
 W. "H., 435 
 Watson, 323(2) 
 William, 213, 494, 
 
 549, 551, 588, 798 
 William H.,- 224 
 William M. , 150, 412, 
 
 419, 501, 626 
 BROWNING 
 
 (Dr.) W. T., 756 
 BROWNSON 
 
 (Rev.) (Dr.), 826 
 Ellen. 826 
 (Rev.), James I., 
 
 826 
 John, 522 
 Nathan, 571 
 R. S., 291, 345 
 (Dr.) R. S., 514 
 Richard, 184, 193 
 Robert S., 291, 293, 
 
 345 
 (Capt.) Robert S., 
 
 529 
 (Mai.) Robert S., 
 
 BRUBACKER 
 
 Mary, 636 
 BRUBAKER 
 
 Isaac. 239 
 
 (Mrs.) Magdalene, 765 
 
 Peter, 349 
 
 William, 520 
 BRUCE 
 
 (Mr.), 514 
 
 (Rev.) James, 516 
 
 Lydia, 740 
 
 Robert, 244 
 BRUMBAUGH 
 
 Ann Eliza, 701 
 
 Anna Maria, 701 
 
 Annie Eve, 874 
 
 Catherine J., 701 
 
 David, 701, 874 
 
 David Jr., 229 
 
 Elias D., 701 
 
 Ellas Guilford, 874 
 
 Eliza Jane, 874 
 
 Elizabeth L., 701 
 
 Eva, 874 
 
 George W., 551, 701 
 
 George Washington 
 Andrew Jackson, 874 
 
 Ida Louisa, 874 
 
 Indiana D., 701 
 
 J. B., 205 
 
 Jacob, 701, 874 
 
 Jacob B., 174, 701 
 
 Mary Catharine, 874 
 
 Nathan H., 701 
 
 Philip N., 230 
 
 Rebecca, 874 
 
 Simon, 701 
 
 Snlvely S., 874 
 
 Susan Wolff, 702 
 BRUNDLINGER 
 
 — , 546 
 BRUNER 
 
 Catharine, 694 
 
 George, 620 
 BRUNK 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 BRUNK continued 
 
 Jacob, 560 
 BRYAN 
 
 George, 240 
 
 Nathaniel, 184 
 BRYANS 
 
 James , 580 
 
 Nathaniel, 580 
 BRYANT 
 
 May, 712 
 BRYSON 
 
 (Mr.), 900 
 
 Ann, 827 
 
 Barbara A., 900 
 
 Carrie C, 900 
 
 Elizabeth, 899 
 
 Jacob, 349 
 
 John, 550, 899 
 
 John R., 900 
 
 John W. , 341, 899 
 
 Lillie A. M. , 900 
 
 Mary, 827 
 
 Richard, 827 
 
 William D. D., 900 
 BUCHANAN 
 
 (Miss), 881 
 
 (Mr.), 424, 673, 
 688, 724 
 
 President, 505, 571, 
 863 
 
 (Rev.), 540, 544 
 
 Elizabeth, 571 
 
 George U. , 571 
 
 James, 206, 242, 419, 
 424, 432, 510(2), 
 516, 571, 672, 711 
 
 James Hon., 284 
 
 James, His Excellency, 
 415 
 
 James President, 863, 
 873 
 
 James Sr., 863 
 
 James T., 351(2) 
 
 James W. , 420 
 
 Jane, 371, 711 
 
 Maria, 284 
 
 Robert, 531 
 
 Thomas, 179 
 
 W. S., 571 
 
 William, 184, 240 
 
 William S., 420 
 BUCHANANS 
 
 — , 433 
 BUCHER 
 
 Anna Marie, 895 
 
 John, 242 
 
 (Rev.) John C, 576 
 BUCK 
 
 (Rev.), 540 
 
 John, 573 
 BUCKENSTOS 
 
 Samuel, 154 
 BUCKHANNON 
 
 George, 580 
 
 John, 580 
 BUCKINGHAM 
 
 Nathan S., 582 
 BUCKLEY 
 
 J. W,, 525 
 BUCKWALTER 
 
 Abraham, 735 
 
 BUCKWALTER continued 
 
 Darius, 871 
 
 Esther, 734, 735, 
 871 
 
 family, 734 
 
 Nancy, 735 
 BUDD 
 
 Lillie, 653 
 
 (Dr.) T. L., 653 
 BUEHLER 
 
 (Col.) Charles H., 
 350 
 BUFORD 
 
 Gen., 374, 375 
 BUHRMAH 
 
 (Mr.), 380 
 
 Alfred, 536 
 
 Anna Maria, 938 
 
 C. H., 376, 379, 
 381, 938 
 
 Charles H., 229, 376, 
 379 
 
 Cornelia A., 891 
 
 E., 609 
 
 Emma, 938 
 
 Fannie Dean, 938 
 
 Harry R., 938 
 
 Mary, 891, 938 
 
 Samuel, 381, 891, 
 938(2) 
 BULL 
 
 (Col.) John, 181 
 BULLINGER 
 
 Sarah, 832 
 BULMAN 
 
 Abraham, 592 
 BUMBARGER 
 
 Annie, 887 
 BUMP 
 
 Benjamin, 241 
 BUNN 
 
 (Rev.) J. G., 571 
 
 (Dr.) R. S., 624 
 
 Seeley, 492 
 BURBRIDGE 
 
 James W. , 826 
 
 Margaret, 826 
 
 Thomas, 916 
 BURCH 
 
 Robert, 492 
 BURCHETT 
 
 Henry, 243 
 BURD 
 
 (Col.), 597 
 
 James, 162, 163 
 BURDEN 
 
 Richard, 463 
 BURDGE 
 
 Henry L. , 760 
 
 Jane S., 760 
 
 John H., 760 
 
 Louisa, 760 
 
 Moses, 760 
 
 Reuben, 760 
 
 Samuel, 760 
 BURG 
 
 Samuel, 573 
 BURGER 
 
 Barbara, 957 
 
 Sarah, 642 
 BURGESS 
 
 • 14 - 
 
 BURGESS continued 
 
 Andrew, 346 
 
 W., 482 
 
 Wm., 225, 229, 340, 
 395, 436, 481, 482 
 BURGIS 
 
 Jonathan, 592 
 BURGISS 
 
 William, 241 
 BURGNER 
 
 B. F., 479 
 BURGOON 
 
 Charles, 492 
 
 (Rev.) Charles, 
 313, 491 
 BUBHMAN 
 
 Charles H., 440 
 BURK 
 
 Annie E., 750 
 
 Charles Henry, 741 
 
 Eliza, 748 
 
 J. C, 750 
 
 James , 741 
 
 Jennette Elizabeth, 
 742 
 
 John, 741, 742 
 
 John Wilmer, 742 
 
 Mary C, 741 
 
 Nancy J., 748 
 
 Rosana, 741 
 
 Samuel, 741 
 
 Sarah, 741 
 ' Sarah J., 741 
 
 Urn., 560 
 BURKE 
 
 William, 181 
 BURKET 
 
 Abraham, 590 
 
 David, 590 
 
 Samuel, 590 
 BURKHAMER 
 
 Leonard, 574 
 BUSKHAMME^l 
 
 Lodowich, 575 
 BUSKHART 
 
 and Houser, 651 
 
 C, 863 
 Christian, 389, 474, 
 
 651 
 Mary, 651 
 BURKHOLDER 
 
 (Mr.), 662, 911 
 Abraham, 242, 769 
 Adam, 585(2), 597(2), 
 
 598 
 Adam Jr., 585 
 Alfred, 828 
 Anna, 769 
 Anna Mary, 662 
 C, W., 209 
 Christian, 341 
 Christian W. , 229 
 (Rev.) D. R., 601 
 Elizabeth, 769 
 Emeline, 828 
 Isaac, 229, 769(2) 
 (Rev.) J., 614 
 J. C, 586 
 Jacob, 464 
 John, 463, 464, 662 
 Joseph, 769 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 BUKKHOLDER continued 
 
 Leah, 769 
 
 Louise, 769 
 
 Lydia, J7 6 
 
 Lydia A., 769 
 
 Maria, 795 
 
 Mary, 769(2), 902 
 
 Priscilla, 905 
 
 (Dr.) R., 539 
 
 Sarah, 769 
 BURKHOLDEKS 
 
 (the), 569 
 BURKIT 
 
 David, 589 
 BURL 
 
 Family, 714 
 BURNER 
 
 Conrad, 560 
 BURNEY 
 
 Thomas, 312 
 
 William, 151 
 BURNS 
 
 (Gen.), 955 
 
 Alex., 409 
 
 Anthony, 600 
 
 Archibald, 769 
 
 (Mrs.) Archibald, 769 
 
 Bemerd, 182 
 
 D. W., 534(2) 
 
 Bnanuel, 246 
 
 Esther E., 770 
 
 George F., 342 
 
 Hannah J., 770 
 
 J C 189 
 
 James) 202, 203, 204, 
 241, 540, 769 
 
 (Gen.) James, 190 
 
 James C, 770 
 
 Jeremiah M., 770(2) 
 
 Jeremy, 769, 793 
 
 John, 154, 531, 589, 
 769 
 
 John F., 770 
 
 Kitty, 492 
 
 Laird, 154, 597(2) 
 
 M. Annie, 770 
 
 Margaret Ann, 770 
 
 Michael, 492 
 
 Morrow, 382 
 
 Nancy, 770, 793 
 
 Patrick, 162 
 
 Robert, 183 
 
 Rosanna, 928 
 
 Sallie E., 770 
 
 Samuel R., 769, 770 
 
 Sarah, 770, 960(2) 
 
 (Mrs.) Sarah, 769 
 
 Simon H., 340(2) 
 
 Hilliam, 190 
 BURNS IDE 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 
 (Gen.), 359 
 
 Judge, 628 
 
 (Mr.), 886 
 BURR 
 
 Aaron, 564 
 
 George, 241 
 BURTNER 
 
 (Rev.) C. A., 570 
 BUSEY 
 
 Thomas H . , 609 
 
 BUSH 
 
 Abraham, 796 
 
 Conrad, 560 
 
 Emma V., 796 
 
 Henry, 796 
 
 Jennie E., 796 
 
 John H., 796 
 
 Mary, 913 
 
 Mary E., 796 
 BUSHEY 
 
 F. A., 552(2) 
 
 (Dr.) F. A., 546, 
 550, 552, 553, 702 
 
 Franklin A., 293 
 
 Jacob H., 352(2) 
 
 Mary Ellen, 702 
 BUSHMAN 
 
 Eve, 894 
 
 John, 894 
 BUTCHER 
 
 John, 585 
 
 Zachariah, 151, 152, 
 213, 565 
 BUTERBAUGH 
 
 (Mr.), 869 
 
 Elizabeth, 857 
 
 Jacob, 857 
 
 Susan, 857 
 BUTLER 
 
 (Rev.), 607 
 
 Ellsha, 582 
 
 Samuel, 775 
 
 William, 525(2) 
 BUTNER 
 
 C. A., 526 
 BUTTER 
 
 Elisha, 609 
 
 William, 609 
 BUTTERBAUGH 
 
 Nancy, 886 
 
 Sarah, 907 
 BUTTON 
 
 S, Dr, 486 
 BUZZARD 
 
 Elizabeth, 841 
 
 Henry, 578 
 
 John, 577 
 BYARS 
 
 Frederick Jr., 560 
 
 Frederick Sr., 560 
 BYER 
 
 Jacob,, 229 
 
 Maggie, 871 
 
 Margaret K., 736 
 BYERLY 
 
 (Maj.) Andrew, 703(2) 
 
 Lieut. Benjamin, 703 
 
 Elizabeth, 703 
 
 Henry, 463 
 
 Jacob, 549, 703(3) 
 
 Joseph, 239 
 BYERS 
 
 (Mrs.), 709 
 
 Ann Jane, 770 
 
 Anna, 773, 780, 901 
 
 Beulah, 625 
 
 Castle, 625, 770 
 
 Catherine, 773 
 
 Charles, 901 
 
 D. C, 266 
 David, 552, 770 
 
 BYERS continued 
 
 E. E., 481 
 
 Eby, 479 
 
 Edwin, 336 
 
 Eleanor J., 770 
 
 Elizabeth, 901 
 
 Eamuel, 346 
 
 family, 773 
 
 "Byers family" or Boyer, 
 770 
 
 Fred, 900 
 
 Frederick, 231, 770, 
 773, 794 
 
 George M., 550 
 
 Henry K., 293, 770(2) 
 
 Hiram, 901 
 
 Howard N., 625 
 
 J. B., 553 
 
 Jacob, 901, 926 
 
 John, 625, 684, 770, 
 901 
 
 (Mrs.) John, 770 
 
 Kate, 625 
 
 Katie, 901 
 
 Lizzie, 794 
 
 Magdalena, 770 
 
 Margaret, 770(2) 
 
 Mary, 684, 770, 926 
 
 Mary E., 625 
 
 Nellie K., 625 
 
 Philip, 900 
 
 Rachel, 625, 901 
 
 Rosa v., 625 
 
 Samuel, 770(2), 860 
 
 (Mrs.) Samuel, 860 
 
 Susan, 900, 901 
 
 Wertz, 901 
 
 William, 624, 770, 
 900, 901 
 
 William C, 345 
 BYLER 
 
 Rebecca, 844 
 BYRNE 
 
 D. S., 212 
 
 L., 290 
 CADDEN 
 
 Robert, 491, 582 
 CADWALLADER 
 
 George Maj . Gen. , 
 339 
 
 John, 419 
 
 Thomas (Dr.), 284 
 CATFERTY 
 
 M. S., 553 
 
 Milton S. Sgt., 366 
 CAGY 
 
 Christian, 531 
 CAHIL 
 
 Richard, 241 
 CAHILL 
 
 (Rev.) Dennis, 496 
 CAIN 
 
 (Capt.) A., 555 
 
 George F., 420 
 
 Jacob, 239 
 CAKOE 
 
 Sarah, 939 
 CALDWELL 
 
 Widow, 584 
 
 Alexander, 151 
 
 H., 585 
 
 - 15 - 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 CALDWELL continued 
 
 J. C, 504 
 
 James, 184, 585 
 
 James Sr., 585 
 
 Jno., 573 
 
 John, 585, 596 
 
 (Rev.) John C, 489 
 
 Joseph, 585 
 
 Robert, 161, 585 
 
 Stephen, 585 
 CALHOON 
 
 (Dr.), 272, 273, 453, 
 45^2 
 
 John, 274, 329, 459 
 
 (Dr.) John, 272, 391, 
 473 
 
 (Mrs.) John, 272 
 
 Rebecca, 431 
 
 Ruhamah, 320 
 
 (Mrs.) Ruhamah, 452 
 CALHOUN 
 
 — , 334 
 
 (Dr.), 150 
 
 Maj., 693 
 
 (Mr.), 185 
 
 Alexander, 465, 474 
 
 Andrew, 236, 243 
 
 Edmund R. , 433 
 
 Eleanor, 499 
 
 James, 394 
 
 (Capt.) James, 463 
 
 Jane, 694 
 
 John, 223, 236, 243, 
 469, 500 
 
 (Mrs.) Ruhamah, 150 
 
 Samuel, 223 
 
 Samuel G., 203 
 
 Thomas, 155, 568 
 CALL 
 
 Hugh, 182 
 
 William, 244 
 CALLAHAN 
 
 Jereniiah, 561 
 
 William, 560 
 CALLENDER 
 
 — , 580 
 
 (Rev.), 563 
 
 Robert, 161 
 
 (Dr.) S. N., 549 
 
 (Rev.) S. N., 571 
 
 (Rev.) Samuel N., 493 
 CALWELL 
 
 James, 154 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 
 Archibald, 594 
 
 John, 595 
 CAMERON 
 
 (Mr.), 600 
 
 IXincan, 577 
 
 Simon, 553 
 
 Simon Hon. , 838 
 CAMERONS 
 
 (the), 855 
 CAMLON 
 
 James, 244 
 CAMON 
 
 William, 596 
 CAMMEL 
 
 McFarlln, 242 
 CAMP 
 
 CAMP continued 
 
 Clarence M. Lieut, 
 354 
 CAMPBEL 
 
 Charles, 568 
 W., 153 
 
 William, 568(2) 
 CAMPBELL 
 
 (Capt.), 336 
 
 (Dr.), 606 
 
 Gen., 901, 902 
 
 (Mr.), 455 
 
 (Mrs.), 742 
 
 Agnes, 740, 841 
 
 Agnes J., 742 
 
 Alexander W. , 742 
 
 Allen K., 203 
 
 Ann, 742(2) 
 
 Ann M. , 742 
 
 Archibald, 154, 610(2) 
 
 Bathsheba, 742 
 
 Blanche M. , 742 
 
 C. T. Gen., 562, 901 
 
 Charles, 155 
 
 Charles T., 246, 340, 
 
 355, 395, 901 
 (Capt.) Charles T., 
 
 249, 336 
 Charley T. Gen., 901 
 David, 579, 580, 
 
 737 
 Eliza, 754 
 Emma, 843 
 family, 170, 837 
 Francis, 169, 594 
 Frederick, 742 
 H. J., 421 
 Hance, 742(2) 
 Hance A., 742 
 Hugh J., 214, 306, 310 
 Ida A. , 742 
 Isabella, 839 
 J., 580 
 James, 152, 162, 193, 
 
 203, 216, 243, 562, 
 
 591, 601, 606, 607, 
 
 610, 901 
 (Capt.) James, 901 
 James C, 901 
 (Rev.) James, 593 
 James R. , 742 
 Jennie M. , 742 
 John, 149, 154, 183, 
 
 240, 242, 243, 462, 
 
 565, S80, 592, 606, 
 
 607, 610, 742(2), 
 
 903 
 (Dr.) John, 834 
 John F., 536 
 John H., 349(2) 
 John W., 346 
 Johnson, 742 
 Johnson J., 742 
 Lodema E., 742 
 Maggie M., 742 
 McFarland, 351 
 Michael, 152, 155, 568, 
 
 610 ' 
 
 Minnie, 742 
 Parker, 419 
 
 16 
 
 CAMPBELL continued 
 Pat, 193 
 
 Patrick, 203, 204, 206, 
 224, 394, 455, 462, 
 494, 470, 496, 501, 
 596, 898 
 Polly, 737 
 Richard A., 351 
 Robert S., 742 
 Robert Samuel, 742 
 Russell, 742 
 Samuel, 184, 210(3), 
 
 239, 240 
 Terrance, 185 
 Thomas, 591, 606, 
 
 609, 610, 901 
 Timothy, 179 
 William, 152, 155(2), 
 179, 181, 182, 183, 
 302, 514, 515, 580 
 (2), 607, 610(2), 
 754, 841 
 William Jr., 224 
 William A., 742 
 CAMPBELLS 
 
 (the), 610 
 CAMPBLE 
 
 Andrew, 580 
 David, 580 
 James, 577 
 John, 578 
 John M., 580 
 Joseph, 169 
 Mathew, 592 
 Patrick, 577, 596 
 Samuel, 580 
 CANADY 
 
 John, 184 
 CANEN 
 
 John, 598 
 CANNON 
 
 Catherine, 716 
 James , 341 
 John, 240 
 CANTNER 
 
 Lewis, 552 
 Michael, 551, 552 
 CAPRON 
 
 Augustus, 243 
 Edward, 243 
 CARBAUGH 
 Eve, 952 
 Jefferson, 504 
 Susan, 892, 958 
 CAEBERRY 
 
 James, 242 
 CARCOSS 
 
 Conrad, 183 
 CAREY 
 
 Michael, 560 
 CARGILL 
 
 (Mr.), 600 
 CARL 
 
 Adam, 293 
 
 Adam Dr., 546, 549, 
 
 702(2) 
 Ann Maria, 702 
 Catherine, 702 
 Charles H., 702 
 George, 702 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 CARL continued 
 George D., 293 
 George Davison, 702(2) 
 Hannah, 902 
 Henrietta J., 702 
 John, 551(2), 702 
 
 Ula, 902 
 
 Louisa, 902 
 Margaret, 699 
 Mary Ellen, 702 
 Morris, 902 
 
 Sarah, 902 
 
 Susan, 702 
 
 Susanna, 902 
 
 Theodore, 482 
 
 Hllllam M. , 702 
 
 Zavler Blchat, 702 
 CAKLEY 
 
 William, 580 
 CARLILE 
 
 Thos. M., 324 
 CABLISLE 
 
 Thomas, 329, 389, 
 390 
 
 Thos. M., 420, 476 
 
 William, 420 
 CARLYLE 
 
 (Mr.), 269 
 CASMADY 
 
 James , 184 
 CABMAN 
 
 Mary, 917 
 CARMANY 
 
 Catherine J., 691 
 CARMER 
 
 James, 605 
 CARN 
 
 John, 597 
 CARNAHAN 
 
 Robert, 183 
 CASOTHERS 
 
 Benjamin, 588 
 
 Sarah H., 738 
 CARPENTER 
 
 E. B., 553 
 
 Elizabeth, 733, 734 
 
 Frederick, 244 
 
 Gabriel. 560 
 
 Jacob Zlegler, 196 
 
 (Capt.) John S., 912 
 CARR 
 
 H.H., 552 
 
 William, 152 
 CARRICK 
 
 Sobt., 588 
 CARROLL 
 
 Henry, 589 
 
 (Dr.) Henry, 589 
 
 William, 239 
 CARSELL 
 
 Michael, 155, 568 
 CARSON 
 
 (Mr.), 851, 852, 
 853 
 
 Abraham, 848 
 
 Adam, 154 
 
 Agnes, 848 
 
 Archibald, 577 
 
 Benjamin, 179 
 
 David, 152, 312, 345, 
 '!47, 848(2), 849, 
 
 CARSON continued 
 852(2) 
 
 (Rev.) David, 852, 854 
 
 David Erskine, 849 
 
 (Rev.) David Walker, 
 854 
 
 Ebenezer Erskln, 852 
 
 Eliza, 226, 848 
 
 Eliza F., 848 
 
 (Mrs.) Eliza Faulkner 
 Claypool, 847 
 
 Eli7a Jane, 848 
 
 Elizabeth, 654, 740, 
 349 
 
 Elizabeth Erskln, 852 
 
 Ellen, 884 
 
 Ellen Jane, 852 
 
 Erskln, 848 
 
 George C, 342 
 
 J. C, 514 
 
 James, 419(3), 740 
 
 (Mrs.) James, 740 
 
 James C, 848 
 
 (Rev.) James Gillespie, 
 854 
 
 James 0., 305, 416(2), 
 526, 848, 852(2), 863 
 
 (Mrs.) James 0., 850 
 
 James Oliver, 849 
 
 James White, 852 
 
 Jane, 853, 854 
 
 Jane Oliver, 848 
 
 Jean, 847, 848, 849, 
 852 
 
 Jinmie 0., 851 
 
 John Lind, 852 
 
 Joseph, 492 
 
 Louisa, 849 
 
 Margaret fineline, 849 
 
 Mary, 903 
 
 Mary Alice, 848 
 
 Mary C, 848 
 
 Mary E., 852 
 
 Mary Masters, 852 
 
 Rebecca M., 852 
 
 Richard B., 349 
 
 Robert, 243 
 
 Rosanna M. , 852 
 
 Rosaima Marshall White 
 (Mrs.), 852(2) 
 
 Rosannah Mary, 849 
 
 Sarah J., 849 
 
 Thomas; 206, 209, 393, 
 394, 848, 849 
 
 Washington King, 848 
 
 William, 245, 847, 848, 
 849 
 CARSWELL 
 
 James, 155, 569 
 CARTRIGHT 
 
 Henry, 182 
 CARUTHERS 
 
 Andrew, 419 
 
 John, 146, 597 
 
 Massle Ann, 802 
 CARWELL 
 
 (Rev.) J. M., 499 
 CARVER 
 
 George, 578 
 
 Hannah, 491 
 
 John, 241, 508 
 
 - 17 - 
 
 CARVER continued 
 
 Michael, 596 
 
 Sarah, 492 
 CASE 
 
 Watson, 609 
 CASEY 
 
 (Mr.), 253 
 
 Jane, 840 
 
 John, 840 
 CASHEY 
 
 Archibald, 573 
 CASHMAN 
 Christina, 817 
 familx, 817 
 
 Jacob, 817 
 
 Susan, 817 
 
 William, 817 
 CASKEY 
 
 Joseph, 578 
 CASKERY 
 
 Michael, 536 
 CASKEY 
 
 Robert, 149, 182 
 CASON 
 
 George, 884(2) 
 
 Jane, 884 
 CASSEL 
 
 Alma, 485 
 
 (Mrs.) Annie E., 
 486 
 
 David, 889 
 
 Leonard, 492 
 
 (Mrs.) Mary, 486 
 
 Mary A., 889 
 CASSERTY 
 
 Hugh, 183 
 CASSIDY 
 
 H. S., 421 
 CASSIL 
 
 George, 153 
 CASTLE 
 
 Adam, 585 
 CASTLEMAN 
 
 D., 525 
 
 David, 609 
 CASTOR 
 
 Thomas, 600 
 CATREN 
 
 Catherine, 873 
 CAUDY 
 
 Charles, 679 
 CAUFMAN 
 — , 322 
 A. D., 389 
 Abraham D„ 455 
 CAVEN 
 
 (Mr.), 311(2) 
 
 Samuel, 311, 573 
 CAVENAUGH 
 
 John, 183 
 CAVIN 
 
 Samuel, 484 
 
 (Rev.) Samuel, 544 
 CAWDEN 
 
 John, 573(2) 
 CEASE 
 
 Casper, 575 
 CEES 
 
 Stophel, 588 
 CEESE 
 
 Gasper, 589 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 CELL 
 
 John, 526 
 CELLAR 
 
 Nathaniel, 154 
 CELLARS 
 
 Thomas, 592 
 CESSNA 
 
 (Mr.), 622 
 
 J. B., 421 
 
 John, 154, 420, 585, 
 594 
 
 Theophllus, 594(2) 
 
 William, 184, 585 
 C»AIN 
 
 John, 182 
 CHAMBERLAIN 
 
 J. L., 567 
 
 John, 588 
 CHAMBERLIN 
 
 David, 351(2) 
 CHAMBERS 
 
 — , 235, 433 
 
 (Capt.), 169, 625, 626 
 
 (Col.), 151, 180, 181, 
 215, 216, 272, 273, 
 284, 312, 452, 455, 
 456 
 
 (Gen.), 180, 191, 450 
 
 Judge, 166 
 
 (Miss), 798 
 
 (Mr.), 143, 150, 195, 
 460, 462, 626, 627, 
 628, 629, 630, 631, 
 632, 934 
 
 (Mrs.), 462 
 
 Alice A. Lyon, 631 
 
 Benjamin, 146, ISO, 152, 
 153, 162, 163, 180, 
 193, 199, 206, 266, 
 263, 274, 311, 312, 
 320, 402(2), 420, 
 433, 439, 452, 461, 
 
 462, 483, 556(2), 573, 
 577, 579, 596, 604(2), 
 625, 798 
 
 (Capt.) Benjamin, 194, 
 455, 459, 491, 501 
 
 (Col.) Benjamin, 274, 284, 
 424, 451, 459, 461 
 
 BenJ. Jr., 422 
 
 (■Mrs.) Catherine, 461 
 
 Charlotte, 433 
 
 David W. , 421 
 
 Ezeklel, 573 
 
 family, 180, 461 
 
 George, 150, 265(2), 
 274, 329, 391, 392, 
 419, 421, 431, 442, 
 
 463, 580, 596, 625 
 (2), 626, 869 
 
 George Hon., 164, 272, 
 396, 415, 595, 618, 
 672, 688 
 
 George Judge, 143 
 
 George Jr. , 420 
 
 George Sr,, 389 
 
 Hetty, 150, 412 
 
 I. Benjamin, 320 
 
 Jacob, 580 
 
 James, 146, 149, 150, 
 
 CHAMBERS continued 
 
 193. 200. 203, 284, 
 
 415, 461, 578, 596 
 (Capt.) James, 179 
 
 180, 625 
 (Col.) James, 274, 461 
 Gen., Jartes, 190, 191, 
 
 406, 424, "453, 476 
 James S., 229 
 Jane, 150, 625 
 (Mrs.) Jane, 461, 483 
 John, 153 
 Joseph, 149, 150, 183, 
 
 193, 199, 274, 415, 
 
 4-20, 460, 462, 463, 
 
 577, 790 
 Lucy, 798 
 Randle, 149 
 Robert, 146, 149, 150, 
 
 163, 593, 594(2) 
 Ruhamah, 150 
 (Miss) Ruhamah, 452 
 Stephen, 404, 419 
 Susan B., 389 
 Thomas, 231, 302(2), 
 
 420, 589 
 W,, 596 
 
 U. and Brothers, 580 
 W. L., 465(2) 
 William, 150, 154, 169, 
 
 193, 274, 420(2), 
 
 453, 577 
 William L. , 633 
 William L. Esq., 272 
 William, 18Q 
 
 chanselor' 
 
 Teal, 609 
 CHAPIN 
 
 (Mr.), 353 
 CHAPMAN 
 
 (Mr.), 873 
 
 Prof., 279 
 
 Cyrus D., 341 
 
 Henry, 608 
 
 John, 608 
 
 Maggie L. , 223 
 
 Samuel, 155, 568 
 CHAPPEL 
 
 — , 550 
 
 (Mr.), 439, 704 
 CHARITON 
 
 James, 211 
 CHARLESTON 
 
 S. C, 284 
 CHARLTON 
 
 Nancy, 772 
 CHARTI-ER 
 
 James , 146 
 CHESTNEY 
 
 William, 179 
 CHESTNUT 
 
 (Col.), 857 
 
 John, 577, 588 
 
 Thomas, 578 
 CHESTON 
 
 H. C, 549 
 CHEW 
 
 Benjamin, 402 
 CHIEF 
 
 Joseph (Indian), 937 
 
 - 18 - 
 
 CHILDERS 
 
 Randal, 341 
 CHILDERSTONE 
 
 Richard, 245, 605(2) 
 
 Thomas, 245 
 CHILLISON 
 
 (Mr.), 836 
 CHRIST 
 
 Adam, 617 
 
 Anna M., 804 
 Etha J., 804 
 
 George, 804 
 
 Henry G., 804 
 
 Louis, 804 
 
 Louisa, 804 
 
 Louisa M. , 804 
 
 Peter, 804 
 
 Sophia A., 804 
 
 Sophia M, , 617 
 CHRISTMAN 
 
 Mary, 913 
 CHRISTYARDINGER 
 
 Jacob, 182 
 CHRIfZMAN 
 
 Clarence Armor, 854 
 
 Emma A. , 854 
 
 H. G., 292(5) 
 
 (Dr.) H. G., 553, 854 
 
 H. G. Hon., 855 
 
 Harry, 854 
 
 Henry G., 230, 293, 
 395 
 
 Margaret, 854 
 
 Nellie, 854 
 CHURCH 
 
 John, 183 
 CIGAR 
 
 Hannah, 196(2) 
 
 John, 196 
 CINTERY 
 
 Dennis, 566 
 CLAESER 
 
 Elizabeth, 875 
 CLAGADGE 
 
 Robert, 610 
 CLAGGETT 
 
 William, 419 
 CLAIRE 
 
 (Rev.) J. W., 958 
 
 Minnie D., 968 
 
 Susan L. , 968 
 CLANEY 
 
 Thos., 592 
 CLAPSADDLE 
 
 Daniel j 589 
 
 Johli, 239 
 CLARE 
 
 R. H., 491 
 CLAREMONT 
 
 Charles, 465 
 CLARK 
 
 (Mr.), 404, 514, 771 
 
 (Mrs.), 771 
 
 (Rev.), 540 
 
 and Sheler, 656 
 
 & Shepler saw-mill, 
 669 
 
 Anna, 676 
 
 Anna E., 771 
 
 Arthur, 656, 594 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 CLARK continued 
 Arthur B., 771 
 Barbara J., 771 
 
 Barnabas, 240, 579 
 
 Charles A., 211, 770 
 
 Charles Alexander, 770 
 
 D. C, 209 
 
 Elizabeth, 770, 923 
 
 Elizabeth J., 486 
 
 Bma, 883 
 
 Emma J. , 771 
 
 family, 770 
 
 Francis, 183 
 
 George, 201, 202, 223, 
 244, 245, 544, 545, 
 560, 562, 592 
 
 Isaac, 589 
 
 J. H. S., 525 
 
 James, 585 
 
 John, 191, 199, 213, 
 403, 419, 585, 596, 
 604, 605(2), 883 
 
 (Mrs.) John, 199, 403 
 
 John C, 471 
 
 John X., 312 
 
 Joseph, 475, 585, 588(2) 
 
 (Rev.) Joseph, 385 
 
 Laura V. , 771 
 
 Lewis , 346 
 
 Lyman S., 420 
 
 Margaret, 545 
 
 Mary, 770, 771, 868 
 
 Patrick, 155(2), 568 
 
 Robert, 568, 919, 923 
 
 (Rev.) Robert, 539 
 
 Sarah, 919(2) 
 
 (Mrs.) Sarah, 486 
 
 Thomas, 568, 585, 587, 
 596, 605 
 
 Walter, 770 
 
 Walter B., 244 
 
 William, 153, 155, 341, 
 244, 419, 485, 486(2), 
 568(2), 594, 770 
 
 William A., 771 
 CLARKE 
 
 James M., 582 
 
 John H. S., 582 
 
 Joseph, 484 
 
 (Rev.) Joseph, 483 
 
 L. S., 390 
 
 Lyman S., 212, 214 
 
 M. St. Clair, 419, 
 470 
 
 Matthew St. Clair, 213, 
 415 
 
 Samuel, 52^ 
 CLARKS 
 
 (the), 543 
 CLARKSON 
 
 (Rev.) Thomas B., 516 
 CLARY 
 
 J., 525 
 
 (Rev.) J., 325 
 
 Jonathan, 609 
 CLAUDY 
 
 George, 481 
 
 Wllhelmina (Mrs.), 794 
 
 William M. , 351 
 CLAY 
 
 Henrv, 658, 660, 348 
 
 CLAYPOOL 
 
 Eliza Faulkner, 847 
 CLAVTON 
 
 (Mr.), 939 
 Bessie Grace, 939 
 Charles Brotherton, 
 
 939 
 Clurranna, 598 
 J. H., 540 
 J. H. Hon., 955 
 James H., 211, 395, 
 
 440, 531, 540, 541 
 James H. Hon., 938, 944 
 John, 540, 938 
 Mary R., 944 
 Sallle J., 929 
 Sallie Fhillips, 939 
 Sarah J., 938 
 Sudle May, 939 
 Susan, 955 
 Victor Virginius, 
 939 
 CLEAVER 
 
 John W., 582 
 CLEERY 
 
 George, 291(2) 
 CLEM 
 W., 525 
 William, 241 
 CLEMENS 
 
 R., 491 
 CLEMl 
 
 William T. D,, 609 
 CLENDENIN 
 John, 824 
 Mary, 824 
 CLEVELAND 
 — , 549 
 President, 510 
 Grover, 675, 908, 909 
 CLEVERSTINE 
 
 D., 534 
 CLIMER 
 
 George, 580 
 CLINE 
 
 A. J., 420 
 Casper, 589 
 Henry, 239 
 James K. P., 349 
 John H . , 340 
 John P., 536 
 John W,, 582 
 Molly, 453 
 William, 266 
 tli CLINESMITH 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 CLINGAN 
 
 (Dr.) George, 203, 
 
 596 
 Thomas, 571 
 CLINGIN 
 
 (Dr.) George, 193 
 CLINGING 
 
 Thomas , 346 
 CLINGMAN 
 
 (Dr.), 275 
 CLIPPINGER 
 Ann E., 818 
 Annthony, 818 
 Catherine, 812, 818 
 Daniel, 818 
 
 - 19 - 
 
 CLIPPINGER continued 
 Elias, 818 
 Elizabeth, 818 
 Eliza, 837 
 Emma M., 818 
 H., 546(2) 
 Hamsher, 550 
 Henry, 567, 812, 818(2) 
 J. H., 525 
 Jacob, 818 
 Jerry, 817 
 John, 818 
 Josephine K. , 818 
 Kate, 552 
 Levinia, 739 
 Maggie, 817 
 Margaret, 818 
 Martha J., 818 
 Mary, 812 
 Mary C, 818 
 Peter, 818 
 Reuben T., 818 
 Samuel , 434 
 Samuel E., 818 
 Silas A., 818 
 Solomon, 818 
 CLOGAGE 
 
 Robert, 568 
 CLOGGAGE 
 
 Gayln, 569 
 CLOGSTON 
 John, 573 
 Thomas, 573 
 CLOPPER 
 
 Nicholas, 206, 501 
 Rebecca, 874 
 
 Samuel, 874 
 CLOUSE 
 
 Conrad, 242 
 CLOUSER 
 
 David, 236 
 CLUCKS ON 
 
 Joseph, 764 
 CLUGAGE 
 
 Robert, 152, 155, 
 609 
 CLUGGAGE 
 
 Gavin, 155 
 CLUGSTON 
 
 (Mr.), 254, 743 
 CLUGSTON 
 
 A. C, 440 
 
 Agnes, 743(2) 
 
 Alva C, 224, 743 
 
 Alva Curtis, 743 
 
 Betsey, 743 
 
 Cinderella, 743 
 
 Edie M., 743 
 
 George B., 743 
 
 Howard S., 743 
 
 Ida A., 743 
 
 Isaac, 224, 229, 743 
 
 (Dr.) Isaac, 743 
 
 James A. , 743 
 
 Jefferson L., 743 
 
 John, 225, 242, 573 
 
 John S., 743 
 
 Joseph C, 254 
 
 (Miss) L, C, 541 
 
 Ullie F., 743(2). 
 
 Martha E., -'tiU) 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 CLUGSTON continued 
 
 Mary M. , 743 
 
 Myrtle, 743 
 
 Robert, 266, 560, 743 
 
 Sadie, 743 
 
 Thomas, 556, 560 
 CLUNK 
 
 Andrew, 236 
 CLYMANS 
 
 Ann M., 742 
 
 James , 742 
 
 Mary Ann, 742 
 CLVNE 
 
 Charles W. , 324 
 COAL 
 
 Joshua, 153 
 COASET 
 
 Peter, 54 
 COBB 
 
 (Mr.), 445 
 COBLE 
 
 (Capt.), 899 
 
 David, 877 
 
 Fannie, 877 
 
 Jerome C, 349 
 
 John, 210 
 
 Mary A., 807 
 
 Samuel, 205 
 COBUHN 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 COCHRAN 
 
 widow, 858 
 
 Benjamin, 182 
 
 George , 244 
 
 John, 588, 589 
 
 John Jr., 589 
 
 John Sr., 589 
 
 Josiah, 181 
 
 Robt., 585 
 
 Samuel, 154(2), 585 
 
 Sarah, 827 
 
 Thomas G., 335, 341(2) 
 
 William, 154, 181(2) 
 CODER 
 
 William, 600 
 COFFEE 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 
 Andrew, 909 
 COFFER 
 
 Jacob, 574 
 COFFEY 
 
 Estella N., 925 
 
 George W. , 922 
 
 Gilson K., 922 
 
 James, 921, 922 
 
 Jennie E., 921 
 
 Margaret B., 921 
 
 Samuel B., 922 
 COFFMAN 
 
 Christopher, 608 
 
 John J,, 294 
 COFFORTH 
 
 (Mrs.), 549 
 
 Conrad, 549 
 COFFROTH 
 
 J. Randolph, 420 
 
 William, 244 
 COFMAN 
 
 Christian, 589 
 
 George, 589 
 
 COGHREN 
 
 George, 183 
 COHEEN 
 
 Samuel, 588 
 COHEREN 
 
 Samuel, 588 
 COHO 
 
 V. B. Martin, 352 
 COIL, 
 
 John, 556 
 COLBERT 
 
 Daniel, 184, 185 
 COLBY 
 
 George, 603 
 COLE 
 
 Daniel, 349 
 
 Thomas, 573 
 COLEMAN 
 
 (Mr.), 193 
 
 Robert, 193 
 
 W, J., 294 
 COLESTOCK 
 
 (Mr.), 633 
 (Mrs.), 633 
 
 Daniel, 632 
 
 Harriet, 632 
 
 John, 632 
 
 John H., 632 
 
 Z. A., 494, 549 
 COLGAN 
 
 James, 596 
 COLGROVE 
 
 J. H., 525 
 COLHOON 
 
 John, 596 
 
 Ruhamah, 596 
 
 Samuel, 596 
 COLHOUN 
 
 Andrew, 4a3 
 
 James , 206 
 
 John, 193, 205, 209, 
 212, 501 
 
 Sameul, 462 
 COLLIFLOWER 
 
 G. R., 266 
 
 (Rev.) W. F., 563 
 COLLINS 
 
 Prof., 173 
 
 David, 592 
 
 John, 182, 592 
 
 Patrick, 606(3) 
 COLOMON 
 
 and Frehn Company, 
 821 
 COLQUITT 
 
 A. H, hon., 483 
 COLSMITH 
 
 John, 585 
 COLTON 
 
 Anna Mary Culbertson 
 Snively, 728 
 
 Francis Hon., 728 
 COLUMBUS 
 
 — , 439 
 COLWELL 
 
 David, 588 
 
 Steven, 154(2) 
 COMFORT 
 
 D., 462 
 
 H. I., 603 
 
 - 20 - 
 
 COMFORT continued 
 
 (Rev.) Henry I., 576 
 COMPTON 
 
 James , 240 
 CONN 
 
 Daniel, 749 
 
 Eliza, 749 
 CONNA 
 
 Charles, 183 
 CONNELL 
 
 Edward, 606 
 
 Mary, 843 
 CONNER 
 
 Charles, 183 
 
 James , 240 
 CONRAD 
 
 F. W., 536 
 
 (Rev.) F. W., 490 
 
 Melchor, 606 
 CONROD 
 
 Susan, 643, 713 
 CONWAY 
 
 Hugh, 572 
 COOK 
 
 — , 323 
 
 (Maj.), 577 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 335 
 
 A. H., 771 
 
 Adam, 573, 576 
 
 Adam H., 771(2) 
 
 Alex., 153 , 
 
 Alfred J., 771(2) 
 
 and Boyd Co., 874 
 
 Ann, 844 
 
 C. 0., 609 
 
 Catharine, 771 
 
 Daniel, 612 
 
 Edward, 483 
 
 Elizabeth, 771 
 
 Ellen C, 389 
 
 Elmer E., 771 
 
 Elmlra, 771 
 
 Family, 893 
 
 George, 153, 230(2), 
 305, 336, 456, 462, 
 501, 571(3), 573, 
 589, 612(2), 771, 874 
 
 George Jr. , 573 
 
 George Sr., 573 
 
 George Adam, 612 
 
 George F., 324, 343 
 
 Hanna, 801 
 
 Hannah, 771(2) 
 
 Henry A., 342 
 
 Hiram C, 771 
 
 J. B., 766 
 
 Jacob, 573, 589, 771 
 
 Jacob B., 223, 265, 
 771, 780 
 
 James E., 343 
 
 Jennie, 722 
 
 Jere, 345, 389, 390 
 
 Jeremiah, 345, 421 
 
 Jeremiah F., 771 
 
 John, 239, 612, 771(2) 
 
 John Adam, 893 
 
 John B., 874 
 
 John E., 323(2) 
 
 John George, 575 
 
 Johah, 216 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 COOK continued 
 
 Joseph, 556(2), 560 
 
 Joslah, 601 
 
 Ludwlck, 595 
 
 Magdallna, 893 
 
 Maggie, 771 
 
 Margaret, 771(2) 
 
 Martha E., 926 
 
 Martin, 573 
 
 Mary, 893 
 
 Michael, 589 
 
 Peter, 394, 462, 771(2) 
 
 Peter McC, 345 
 
 Richard, 389 
 
 Robert, 578 
 
 S. A., 389 
 
 Samuel, 462, 771 
 
 Solomon, 435, 926 
 
 Susan, 926 
 
 Susannah, 771 
 
 Thomas, 469, 470, 598 
 
 Upton J., 224, 771 
 
 William, 243, 561 
 
 William B., 345, 351 
 
 William I., 254 
 COOKE 
 
 Joseph, 559 
 COOKSON 
 
 Thomas , 213 
 COON 
 
 Frederick, 608 
 
 Henry, 590 
 
 John, 241, 541 
 
 Peter, 560 
 COONS 
 
 Agnes, 743 
 
 and Alexander, 739 
 
 Anna C, 744 
 
 Barbara, 741 
 
 Catherine, 743 
 
 George, 743 
 
 Jacob, 743 
 
 John N., 743 
 
 Julia Ann, 743 
 
 Lucy C, 744 
 
 Margaret, 743(2) 
 
 Martin. 741 
 
 Mary, 744 
 
 Mary A., 744 
 
 Mary E., 744 
 
 Mary J., 744 
 
 Peter, 595, 743 
 
 Samuel, 743 
 
 Tillie F., 744 
 
 W. H,, 739, 744 
 
 William, 743 
 
 Wilson H., 224 
 COOPER 
 
 (Dr.), 822 
 
 (Mr.), 254, 433, 444 
 
 G. W., 525 
 
 Henry, 589 
 
 J. M., 443, 635 
 
 J. M. & Co., 254 
 
 James, 462 
 
 James Hon., 415, 420 
 
 John N,, 174, 254, 425, 
 431(2), 442 
 
 Richard, 185 
 
 COOPER continued 
 
 Robert, 560 
 
 (Rev.) Robert, 606 
 
 Robert Martin, 223 
 
 Samuel, 463 
 
 Thomas , 223 
 
 William, 239, 350 
 COOVER 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 
 Elizabeth, 796 
 
 George, 796 
 
 George S., 214, 440 
 
 J., 632 
 
 Jeremiah, 796 
 
 Mary A., 804 
 
 Mary C, 796 
 COPE 
 
 Joseph, 242 
 
 (Mrs.) Margaret, 924 
 COFELAND 
 
 000323 
 
 John, 323 
 
 Thomas, 578 
 COPLAN 
 
 Hilliam, 578 
 COPPIC 
 
 Barclay, 323(2) 
 
 Edwin, 323(2) 
 CORATHERS 
 
 Benj,, 577 
 CORBET 
 
 George, 559 
 CORBETT 
 
 John J., 618 
 
 Mbllie J., 618 
 CORDEL 
 
 Henry, 894 
 
 Mary, 894 
 CORDELL 
 
 David, 249 
 CORDIL 
 
 Henry, 612 
 
 Mary, 612 
 CORE 
 
 Benjamin, 244 
 COREL 
 
 Joseph, 604 
 CORKEM 
 
 James, 170 
 CORKERY 
 
 Daniel, 531 
 
 Michael, 531(2) 
 CORMANY 
 
 B. A., 299, 586 
 
 Bernard A., 202 
 
 Catherine, 818 
 
 Jacob C, 818 
 
 Sadie E., 914 
 
 Naomi J., 651 
 
 Samuel E., 349(2) 
 CORNMAN 
 
 Margaret, 710 
 "CORNPLANTER" 
 
 (Indian Chief), 717 
 CORNWALL 
 
 William, 170 
 CORNYN 
 
 A. R., 420 
 COROHAN 
 
 - 21 - 
 
 COROHAN continued 
 
 George, 183 
 CORRAN 
 
 Elenor, 853 
 CORRANCE 
 
 James , 596 
 CORRELL 
 
 Matilda, 878 
 CORT 
 
 (Mr.), 704 
 
 (Rev.), 172, 174 
 
 Ambrose, 704 
 
 (Rev.) C, 542 
 
 Cyrus, 549, 603 
 
 (Rev.) Cyrus, 174, 
 433, 512, 546, 
 563, 702, 703 
 
 family, 702 
 
 Fanny, 703 
 
 Joseph, 703(3) 
 
 Margaret, 703 
 
 Mary, 703(3) 
 
 Paul L., 704 
 
 Ralph Bouquet, 704 
 
 Sarah Agnes, 704 
 
 Susan N. Patterson, 
 704 
 CORTE 
 
 (Rev.) P., 570 
 CORTNEY 
 
 Robert, 182 
 CORTZ 
 
 William, 184 
 COSGROVE 
 
 James, 351 
 COTTER 
 
 Dennis, 154 
 COUCH 
 
 (Gen.), 386, 726, 
 843 
 
 (Gen.) D. N., 382 
 
 (Maj.) (Gen.) D. N., 
 364 
 COUGHENER 
 
 Joseph, 573 
 COULTQl 
 
 Elizabeth, 747 
 
 John, 579(2) 
 
 Mathew, 580 
 
 Richard, 579(2) 
 
 Samuel, 579, 580(2) 
 COUNCIL 
 
 C. v., 482 
 COUNTS 
 
 Christian, 585 
 COURSEY 
 
 William R. , 549 
 COVEL 
 
 Hannah, 893 
 COVER 
 
 Abram, 818, 819 
 
 Andrew, 573, 575 
 
 Anna M. , 819 
 
 Clarietta, 820 
 
 Daniel. 818, 819 
 
 Daniel t., 819 
 
 David, 819 
 
 Elizabeth, 819(3) 
 
 (Mrs.) Elizabeth, 818 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 COVER continued 
 
 George, 819 
 
 George M., 819 
 
 George R., 820 
 
 Hugh, 435, 440, 819 
 
 Hugh A., 820 
 
 Huch C, 819 
 
 Izora E., 820 
 
 Jacob, 573(2), 819 
 
 Jane, 819 
 
 John, 818, 819(2) 
 
 John A., 819 
 
 John C, 820 
 
 Joseph, 819 
 
 Joseph D., 819 
 
 Maggie C, 820 
 
 Malind E., 820 
 
 Mary E., 819 
 
 Mary J., 820 
 
 Polly, 819 
 
 William, 819 
 
 William A. , 819 
 
 William H., 820 
 
 Zachariah, 819 
 COW 
 
 Henry, 592 
 
 Jacob, 592 
 COWAN 
 
 David, 585 
 
 Joseph, 588 
 
 Robert, 578 
 COWDEN 
 
 Martha, 846 
 COWELS 
 
 Robert, 352 
 COWEN 
 
 (Rev.), G. L., 499 
 William, 596 
 CeWlNGHAM 
 
 James, 573 
 COX 
 
 widow, 169 
 
 Charles, 560 
 
 Hiram, 205, 212 
 
 John, 204(2), 302, 394 
 
 John Jr., 243 
 
 (Col.) Robert C, 353 
 
 Samuel, 594 
 
 William, 154(2) 
 COXE 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 
 Hugh P., 246 
 
 John, 243 
 
 William, 594 
 
 coy 
 
 Soiomon, 351 
 COYLE 
 
 David L., 345 
 
 Henry, 573 
 
 James, 155, 569, 589 
 
 R. E., 482 
 COYNARD 
 
 Conrad, 594 
 CRAIG 
 
 (Capt.), 180 
 
 and Nelson, 475 
 
 Andrew, 594, 917 
 
 Catherine, 772 
 
 Daniel D., 772 
 
 Eliza, 772 
 
 Elizabeth, 916 
 
 CRAIG continued 
 
 Emma K. , 772, 797 
 
 Hannah, 907 
 
 Harry F., 772 
 
 Isabella, 720 
 
 J. Watson, 205, 265, 
 266(2) 
 
 James, 757 
 
 James H. , 224, 772(2) 
 
 James S., 435, 772 
 
 Jane, 917(2) 
 
 John, 169, 241, 585, 
 591, 772 
 
 John C, 772 
 
 John H., 772 
 
 Joseph, 917 
 
 Margaret, 772 
 
 Mary, 772 
 
 Nancy, 772, 917 
 
 Nelson and Co . , 441 
 
 Rebecca, 916, 917 
 
 Robert, 573 
 
 Samuel, 239, 243, 916 
 
 William, 434, 917 
 
 William H., 230, 772 
 
 William L. , 229, 771, 
 772(2), 797 
 CRAIGHEAD 
 
 (Mr.), 311 
 
 Alexander, 607 
 
 (Rev.) Alexander, 311 
 
 (Rev.) John, 585, 586, 
 825 
 
 Robert, 181 
 
 (Rev.) Thomas, 586 
 CRAIN 
 
 A. L., 236 
 CRAMBAUGH 
 
 Anne, 855 
 
 Simon, 855 
 CRAMER 
 
 Edward, 596 
 
 Elizabeth, 834 
 
 Ellen, 827 
 
 Ellen Rowan, 827 
 
 Franklin, 752 
 
 Harriet, 918 
 
 J. A. S., 389 
 
 John, 585, 761, 918 
 
 Peter, 239, 918 
 
 Rebecca, 918 
 
 Rebecca J., 752 
 
 Washington, 246 
 
 William F, , 918 
 CRANE 
 
 John, 610 
 CRAUFT 
 
 Ludwick, 596 
 CRAUL 
 
 Peter, 153 
 CRAUSE 
 
 Sarah, 888 
 CRAWFORD 
 
 (Col.), 274 
 
 (Dr.), 330 
 
 (Mr.), 199 
 
 Alex., 179 
 
 Alexander, 274 
 
 Ann Jane, 770 
 
 Anna, 772 
 
 B. Bordley, 420 
 
 CRAWFORD continued 
 Blanchie M., 839 
 Catharine, 431 
 Catherine, 773 
 D. W. F., 582 
 Edward, 154, 193, 195, 
 
 196, 201, 202, 216, 
 
 243, 329, 404, 431, 
 
 459, 462, 464, 501, 
 
 596, 601, 772, 906 
 (Capt.) Edward, 575 
 Edward Jr., 200, 201, 
 
 402, 573 
 Edward Sr., 274, 573 
 Elizabeth, 772 
 family, 772 
 Frederick B., 773 
 George, 573 (2), 592 
 Holmes, 389, 463, 773 
 Hugh, 573 
 Ida Lee, 774 
 (Dr.) J. A., 481 
 (Rev.) J. A., 329(2), 
 
 485, 486, 489, 504 
 (Rev.) J. Agnew, 483 
 J. B., 434 
 James, 154, 201, 
 
 223, 243, 265. 274. 
 
 419, 560, 572, 573(2), 
 
 772, 773(2) 
 (Capt.) James, 897 
 James Jr., 592 
 James Sr., 592 
 Jn. Agnew, 4£4 
 John, 154, 193, 573, 
 
 772, 773, 776 
 (Lieut.) John, 772 
 John B., 774 
 John E., 773 
 John H., 604 
 Joseph, 574, 772 
 Josiah, 194, 203, 597 
 Joslas,' 585 
 Katharine M., 294 
 Margaret, 770 
 Martha, 772 
 Martha A. L. , 768 
 Martha L., 776 
 Mary, 772 
 Mary A. , 932 
 Milton, 436, 441, 604, 
 
 772, 773 
 Rebecca, 431, 773 
 Robert, 155, 568 
 Ruth, 772 
 (fir.) S^ B,, 720 
 (Rev.) S. W., 501 
 Samuel, 594 
 
 Samuel W. Maj. Gen., 355 
 (Rev.) Samuel W. , 601 
 Thomas, 932 
 Thomas Crawford, 626 
 Thomas H., 392, 394, 
 
 419, 463 
 Thomas H. Hon., 415 
 Thos. Hartley Hon., 
 
 404 
 W., 585 
 Walter H., 768 
 (Dr.) William, 392 
 William H., 839 
 
 22 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 CSAHFOSDS 
 
 the, 543, 598 
 CRAYTON 
 
 Peter, 243 
 CKEAMER 
 
 Christ., 560 
 
 Frank, 205, 566, 567 
 
 L. F. Prof., 299, 586 
 
 Samuel, 240 
 CREATON 
 
 Father, 496 
 CRESS 
 
 Anna J., 930 
 
 Helen E., 930 
 
 Jose^ H., 930(2) 
 CREE 
 
 James Jr., 607 
 
 James Sr., 607 
 
 John, 484, 504 
 CREEVY 
 
 Anthony, 181 
 CREGLOW 
 
 Joseph, 352 
 CKEIGH 
 
 (Mr.), 185 
 
 (Miss) E. D., 529 
 
 John, 391 
 
 Mary, 869 
 
 (Rev.) T., 485 
 (Rev.) Tho 
 
 Thomas, 325, 
 484, 515, 516, 593 
 CREIQITON 
 
 Abraham S., 582 
 CR^iER 
 
 (Miss) C. M., 633 
 
 Charles, 633 
 
 Elizabeth, 633 
 
 W. C, 329 
 
 (Rev.) W. <;., 493, 494, 
 633 
 CRESINGER 
 
 George, 453 (2) 
 CRESS 
 
 (Rev.) Adam, 570 
 CRESSAP 
 
 Jane, 885 
 CRESSLER 
 
 C. H., 389, 481(3), 
 653 
 
 Charles H., 341(2), 502 
 
 J., 209 
 
 John, 209 
 
 Joseph G., 265 
 
 Susan, 920 
 
 W. T., 421 
 CRESSHELL 
 
 Alex. E., 294 
 CRESSWILLS 
 
 the, 597 
 CREVELING 
 
 (Rev.), 607 
 
 (Rev.) S. A., 599, 603 
 
 Seth A., 582 
 CREVER 
 
 Frederick E., 582 
 CREVIN 
 
 John, 578 
 CRIDER 
 
 Abraham, 747, 768, 902 
 
 Catherine, 791 
 
 CRIDER continued 
 Chrlstley, 902 
 Daniel, 903 
 Elizabeth, 767, 768 
 Frank, 903 
 George, 464 
 J. C, 903 
 Jacob, 434 
 John, 314, 494 
 Martin, 314 
 Mary, 803, 902 
 Mary E., 668 
 Tobias, 549 
 (Rev.) Tobias, 570 
 William, 903 
 CRIPAUGH 
 George, 565 
 Michael, 565 
 CRISSUELL 
 
 John H., 211(2) 
 CRIST 
 
 George, 592 
 Philip, 596 
 CRISUEIX 
 
 (Capt.) Andrew M., 
 
 355 
 D. E., 529 
 
 David, 351. 526, 529 
 John B., 211 
 Mamie J., 541 
 Robert, 599 
 CRITER 
 
 Martin, 578 
 CROCKET 
 
 David, 949(2), 961 
 CROFT 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Abraham, 815 
 
 Catharine, 678 
 
 Catherine, 815 
 
 Conrad, 241 
 
 Daniel , 441 
 
 David, 649, 815 
 
 Fred., 573 
 
 Frederick, 153 
 
 John, 266, 573, 905 
 
 John Jr., 915 
 
 John Sr. , 435 
 
 John F., 389 
 
 Lydia, 915 
 
 Mary, 494 
 
 Mary Jane, 815(2) 
 
 Samuel V. , 346 
 CROGHAN 
 
 George, 146, 152 
 CROMER 
 
 Elizabeth, 835 
 
 Ella, 835 
 
 Jennie, 835 
 
 John, 835 
 
 Kate, 835 
 
 Michael, 264, 835 
 
 Samuel, 835 
 
 Sue, 835 
 CRONE 
 
 Jacob, 561 
 
 Levi S,, 582 
 CROOKS 
 
 Elizabeth, 725 
 
 James, 544, 589, 590 
 
 - 23 - 
 
 CROOKS continued 
 John, 588, 589(2) 
 Robert, 204, 260, 394, 
 
 545 
 Sarah, 727 
 Sarah J., S52 
 W., 329 
 Washington, 203, it20, 
 
 725 
 William, 260, 590 
 CROOKSHANKS 
 John, 565 
 CROSLAND 
 
 Emanuel, 211 
 CROSS 
 
 James, 560 
 William, 153, 560 
 GROSSMAN 
 Ellen, 827 
 James Herron, 827 
 William, 565 
 William Maclay, 827 
 CROTLEY 
 
 Thomas, 185 
 CROUCH 
 
 John, 239 
 GROUSE 
 Adam, 757 
 Catherine M. , 740 
 Daniel, 242 
 George, 597 
 George W. , 740 
 John, 596 
 Lavina, 945 
 Margaret, 743 
 (Mrs.) Susan, 765 
 CROW 
 
 Mathias, 592 
 Rebecca, 679 
 CROHBARGER 
 
 Leonard, 560 
 CROWBERGES 
 
 Michael, 585 
 CROWELL 
 
 (Mr.), 551, 705(2) , 
 Bradley and Keller, 
 
 704 
 J. B., 550, 551(2), 
 
 704 
 J. B. & Co., 618, 705 
 Jacob B., 551 
 Joseph, 552 
 Joseph E., 551(2), 705 
 Margaret M. Miller, 705 
 GROWL 
 
 John, 183 
 CRUNKELTON 
 John, 560 
 James S., 551 
 John, 153, 562 
 Joseph, 151, 555, 560, 
 
 561, 588 
 Jos. (No. 2), 561 
 Josh. Jr., 153 
 Robert, 352, 556(2) 
 Robert Jr., 560 
 Robert Sr. , 560 
 S., 556 
 Sam'l., 560 
 CRUTCHFIELD 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 CRUTCHFIELD continued 
 
 S. Col., 365 
 CRYDER 
 
 Emma J., 830 
 Henry, 830 
 CUDDY 
 
 James B., 609 
 CULBERTSON 
 (Capt.), 901 
 (Col.), 274 
 (Dr.), 279, 280, 286, 
 
 633, 634, 659(2) 
 (Mrs.), 746 
 Alex., 163, 573, 585, 
 
 597 
 Alexander, 152, 154, 274, 
 
 587, 588, 597, 825 
 (Capt.) Alexander, 169 
 Andrew, 594 
 Ann, 758 
 
 Annetta Jane, 746 
 Bain & Lane, 659 
 Benjamin J., 223 
 Cyrus D., 826 
 David I., 754 
 (Dr.) )E., 266 
 Edmund, 325 
 (Dr.) Edmund, 280, 289, 
 
 455, 633, 654 
 Eleanor, 826 
 Elizabeth, 826 
 (Mrs.) Elizabeth, 822 
 Elizabeth A., 679 
 Ellen H., 634 
 E^nma, 654 
 Qnma C, 634 
 E^nna M., 754 
 Hannah, 758 
 J. P., 459, 470 
 James, 154, 253, 565, 
 
 585, 594(2) 
 (Rev.) James, 822 
 James B., 761 
 James K., 634 
 John, 149, 170, 206, 
 
 585, 594 
 John C, 420 
 John 1., 346 
 John P., 266(2) 
 Joseph, 152, 154, 184, 
 
 201, 202, 204, 302, 
 
 453, 463, 584, 597(2) 
 (Col.) Joseph, 209, 
 
 585, 597 
 Margaret, 756, 761, 822, 
 
 825, 826 
 Mary, 758 
 
 Mary Ann, 728, 729 
 Nancy, 746, 758(2) 
 Nancy F . , 634 
 Oliver, 154, 587, 594 
 Robert, 152, 155, 183, 
 
 276, 568, 584, 585, 
 
 591, 597(2), 598, 
 
 746, 758(2) 
 (Capt.) Robert C, 597(2) 
 S., 585 
 
 S. D., 289, 290, 474 
 (Dr.) S. D., 279, 290, 
 
 413, 579, 862 
 
 CUUERTSON continued 
 
 S. W. 419 
 
 Samuei, 154, 184, 584, 
 585, 594, 597, 756, 
 758 
 
 (Col.) Samuel, 186, 
 597, 822 
 
 (Dr.) Samuel, 463, 906 
 
 Sameul Sr., 585 
 
 Samuel D., 212, 302, 
 634 
 
 (Capt.) Samuel D., 
 242 
 
 (Dr.) Samuel D., 236, 
 276, 633, 659 
 
 (Dr.) Samuel Duncan, 
 276 
 
 Samuel W. , 413 
 
 Sarah, 919 
 CULBERTSONS 
 
 the, 597, 598 
 CULLER 
 
 (Mrs.), 529, 530 
 
 (Rev.) M. L., 516, 520 
 CULP 
 
 Loren A., 212, 422, 504 
 CUMING 
 
 George, 152 
 CUMINS 
 
 John, 154 
 CUMMINGS 
 
 (Dr.), 785 
 
 Charles P., 224 
 GUMMING 
 
 George , 610 
 CUMMINGS 
 
 John, 236 
 
 Peter, 340 
 
 Thomas, 240 
 
 WllllaiD B., 224 
 CUMMINS 
 
 Charles, 585, 587 
 
 J. R., 553 
 
 John, 565, 594 
 
 Lydia, 662 
 
 Thomas, 594 
 CUNNINGHAM 
 
 Archibald, 223 
 
 Elizabeth, 749 
 
 I. J., 534(2) 
 
 James, 585 
 
 Jennie, 541 
 
 John, 240, 544, 592 
 
 Joseph, 239 
 
 N. P., 525 
 
 Nathaniel, 609 
 
 Robert, 239, 589 
 
 Sanruel, 612 
 
 Sarah, 927 
 
 W. H., 389 
 
 William, 749 
 CUPPLES 
 
 James, 182 
 CURATHERS 
 
 Hugh, 550 
 CURNS 
 
 James, 525 
 CURRIDEN 
 
 E. W., 224 
 CURRY 
 
 - 24 - 
 
 CURRY continued 
 
 James A. , 349 
 CURTH 
 
 John Yost, 703 
 CURTIN 
 
 (Gov.), 336, 345, 
 354, 364, 359, 371, 
 544, 651, 703, 735, 
 763, 895 
 
 A. G., 371, 644 
 CURTIS 
 
 (Mr.), 760 
 
 George Tlcknor, 424 
 CUSHIVA 
 
 Elizabeth, 717 
 
 (Capt.) John, 717 
 CUSHWA 
 
 (Miss), 717 
 
 Alice, 855 
 
 Amanda, 855 
 
 Anne, 855 
 
 Catherine, 951 
 
 D. Oscar, 855 
 
 Eliza J., 855 
 
 Elizabeth, 854 
 
 family, 855 
 
 Jacob B., 855(2) 
 
 John, 855(2) 
 
 (Capt.) John, 951 
 
 Laura, 855 
 
 Mabel, 855 
 
 Mary A., 951(2) 
 
 Victor, 951 
 CUSTARD 
 
 John, 578 
 
 Gen., 375, 380, 381 
 
 (Mrs.) Sophia E., 
 787 
 CUIHBERTSON 
 
 John, 312 
 
 (Rev.) John, 599, 
 759 
 CYPHA 
 
 Nancy, 492 
 DABOLL 
 
 (Mr.), 295 
 DAFFY 
 
 Thomas J., 353 
 DAHLGREGN 
 
 (Capt.), 382 
 DAHLMAN 
 
 Dorothea, 521 
 
 Freny, 521 
 
 Hanna, 521 
 
 Jacob, 521 
 
 Johanes, 521(2) 
 DAIHL 
 
 David F., 341 
 DAILY 
 
 George W., 351 
 DALE 
 
 A., 570 
 
 Alexander, 225 
 
 Annie, 824 
 
 John A., 529 
 DALL 
 
 William H., 351 
 DALLAS 
 
 (Mr.), 401, 446 
 
 Secretary, 191 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 DALLAS continued 
 
 A. J., 190 
 DABRYMPLE 
 
 Andrew, 223 
 DALY 
 
 Thomas , 346 
 DANA 
 
 (Gen.), 364 
 DANFEE 
 
 Michael, 183 
 DANIEL 
 
 John, 578 
 DARBKE 
 
 Isaac, 591 
 DABBY 
 
 Benjamin, 601 
 
 F. M., 421 
 
 John, 224, 601, 602 
 DASE 
 
 (Col.). 339 
 DABLEY 
 
 John, 592 
 DABLINGTON 
 
 Hn. , 580 
 DASKAH 
 
 Rebecca M. , 852 
 DATE 
 
 Prudence, 696 
 DAUBINS 
 
 James, 419 
 DAUGHERTY 
 
 John, 243 
 
 (Dr.) T., 525 
 
 Thomas , 540 
 DAVENPORT 
 
 Samuel, 240 
 DAVIDSON 
 
 (Dr.), 424, 425 
 
 (Mr.), 705 
 
 (Mrs.), 705 
 
 Agnes, 705 
 
 Ellas, 543, 545, 556, 
 560, 589, 705 
 
 George, 588 
 
 George H,, 706 
 
 J. K., 291(2), 292 
 
 (Dr.) J. K., 291, 542, 
 543, 546, 551(2) 
 
 James, 265, 509 
 
 James A., 225 
 
 James K., 292, 551 
 
 (Dr.) James K. , 174 
 
 James King, 706 
 
 (Dr.) James King, 705 
 
 John, 542 
 
 (Dr.) John, 560 
 
 John McDowell, 705, 
 706 
 
 Joseph, 545 
 
 Martha M. , 706 
 
 Mary, 705 
 
 Mary A. E., 706 
 
 Nancy, 545 
 
 Patrick, 184, 605 
 
 Rebecca, 545 
 
 Robert, 600 
 
 Thomas, 549 
 
 William, 592 
 DAVIE 
 
 (Rev.), 540 
 DAV 
 
 DAVIE continued 
 
 (Rev.), I. Marshall, 
 
 544 
 DAVIES 
 
 John, 153 
 Philip, 164 
 DAVIS 
 
 ---,334(2) 
 (Mr.), 463, 587 
 President, 372 
 (widow), 155, 568 
 & Tenner Company, 
 
 735 
 Andrew, 642 
 DAVISON 
 
 Andrew R., 346 
 Andrew R., Adit., 
 353 
 DAVIS 
 
 Benjamin, 240, 296, 
 
 586 
 Catharine, 592 
 Daniel, 591 
 David, 155, 568(2), 
 
 592 
 Elizabeth, 642 
 George, 241 
 Henry, 608 
 James, 155, 568, 
 
 592 
 Jane K., 686 
 John, 152, 241, 246, 
 
 560, 591, 592(2), 741 
 (Col.) John, 184 
 Joseph, 560 
 Joshua, 155, 568 
 Lewis, 153, 608 
 Lydia, 899 
 Mary J., 471 
 Nathaniel, 155, 568 
 (Rev.) P. S., 256, 493 
 (Rev.) Peter S., 512 
 Phillip, 152, 155, 164, 
 
 568, 591, 592, 608 
 (Capt.) Philip, 592 
 (Rev.) R. H., 283 
 Samuel, 155, 558, 592 
 Sarah Ann, 741 
 Thomas, 153, 155, 550, 
 
 568, 591 
 W. H,, 481 
 W. V.,,420 
 William, 212, 573, 585, 
 
 592, 596 
 William S., 213 
 William S. Esq., 686 
 William V. , 420 
 William Van Lear, 501, 
 
 660 
 DAVISE'S 
 
 — , 561 
 DAVISON 
 
 , 551 
 
 (Lieut.), 708 
 (Mr.), 212(2), 705, 
 
 707, 709(2) 
 (Sergt.), 708 
 Abraham Smith, 706, 707 
 and Austin, 705 
 Andrew, 209, 420, 706, 
 
 - 25 - 
 
 DAVISON continued 
 707, 708 
 Andrew R,, 707 
 Anna M. Taylor, 707 
 Charlotte Isabel, 707 
 
 E. E., 551 
 Elias, 196, 588 
 family, 706 
 Guy W. , 709 
 
 H. B., 389, 472 
 
 (Miss) H. J., 552 
 
 Hugh, 241, 706 
 
 Hugh B., 212(2) 
 
 J., 545 
 
 J. A. & Co., 707 
 
 J. K. (Dr.), 172 
 
 J. R., 436, 546, 552(2), 
 
 553(2) 
 James, 204, 205, 210(2), 
 
 244, 266, 591, 592(2) 
 James H., 707 
 Jane , 545 
 John, 151, 182, 210, 
 
 555, 556, 560, 580 
 John B., 552, 708 
 Joseph, 545, 706, 707 
 Joseph A., 339, 552, 
 
 706, 707, 708 
 Joseph R., 708 
 Laura V. Wampler, 
 
 709 
 Louisa H. , 666 
 Margaret, 545, 706, 
 
 707, 710 
 Martha, 710 
 
 Martha J. Detrick, 707 
 
 Mary Jean, 707 
 
 Patrick, 580 
 
 Robert, 556(3), 560 
 
 Sarah, 706, 707, 708 
 
 W. G., 174, 552(2), 
 731 
 
 W. H., 551, 708 
 
 William, 252, 545, 
 706, 707 
 
 William G., 546, 551, 
 552, 706(2), 707, 
 710 
 
 William H., 344, 705 
 
 William R., 709 
 DAVYRICH 
 
 John, 152, 591 
 DAWNEY 
 
 Benjamin, 346 
 
 James, 588 
 DAWSON 
 
 Anthony, 182 
 DAY 
 
 F. W., 482(2) 
 Sherman, 143 
 
 DAYTON 
 
 William L., 737 
 DEA 
 
 Davis, 592 
 DEAL 
 
 B. Frank, 353 
 
 Benjamin F. , 344 
 
 John W. , 224 
 DEAN 
 
 (Dr.), 279, 280, • 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvemia 
 
 DEAN continued 
 289, 659 
 
 A. J., 212 
 
 A. T., 243, 289 
 
 (Dr.) A. T., 290 
 
 (Dr.; Alexander D., 
 862 
 
 (Dr.) Alexander T., 
 279, 659 
 
 Matthias, 582 
 
 Sanuel , 241 
 DEARDORF 
 
 Jacob, 705 
 
 Joseph, 230 
 DEARDORFF 
 
 Jacob, 433, 550, 551 
 (2), 801 
 
 John, 206 
 
 Lizzie E., 801 
 
 Minnie, 925 
 
 William, 229, 925 
 DEATRICH 
 
 Charles M. , 435 
 
 Elizabeth, 904 
 
 W. R. H., 603 
 
 William M. , 313, 513 
 DEATRICK 
 
 Anna Margaret, 856 
 
 Daniel, 346 
 
 David, 211 
 
 (Rev.) E. R,, 856 
 
 Edward Ranson, 856 
 
 Emma J., 856 
 
 (Mrs.) Harriet Peyton 
 Sohn, 856 
 
 Margaret, 855 
 
 Nicholas, 855 
 
 (Rev.) W. W., 856 
 
 (Rev.) Willi 
 855 
 
 (Rev.) William R. H., 
 576 
 
 William Wilberforce, 856 
 DEAVER 
 
 E. A., 525 
 DEBALT 
 
 John, 494 
 DECH 
 
 Frederick, 464 
 DECHART 
 
 Samuel, 210 
 DECHERT 
 
 Daniel, 212, 242, 254, 
 445, 463 
 
 J. H., 482 
 
 J. L., 441 
 
 Jacob, 204, 394, 454, 
 463 
 
 P. S, & Co., 253, 
 254 
 
 Peter, 445 
 
 Peter S., 205, 394 
 
 Peter Spyker, 201 
 DECK 
 
 Elizabeth, 910 
 
 Frederick, 811 
 
 Martha, 921 
 DECKELLMAYER 
 
 F. X., 495 
 DECKER 
 
 Andrew W. , 582 
 
 William M. , 576, 
 
 DECKER continued 
 
 Lydla, 899 
 DECKERT 
 
 Jacob, 224 
 
 John H., 482 
 
 Peter, 472 
 DEEDS 
 
 John, 578 
 DEEMER 
 
 Jacob, 241 
 DEEMS 
 
 (Rev.), 607 
 
 George, 582 
 
 Alice, 903 
 
 Elmer C, 903 
 
 Florence, 903 
 
 Howard, 903 
 
 Jennie, 903 
 
 John W. , 903 
 
 Mary, 903 
 
 Mary J., 903 
 
 Rhoda A., 903 
 
 Samuel, 903 
 DEFORD 
 
 Benjamin, 746 
 DeGOLLY 
 
 John D., 421 
 DeHAAS 
 
 John Philip, 181 
 DEHART 
 
 D. C, 212 
 DeHAVEN 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 658 
 
 Clara 1., 833 
 
 Jacob F., 833 
 
 John W., 299, 586 
 
 Rice & Co., 658 
 DEIG 
 
 (Gen.), 349 
 DEIHL 
 
 & Grove Co., 907 
 
 & McCune Co., 907 
 
 Barbara, 808 
 
 J. M., 828 
 
 Jacob, 803, 808 
 
 Margaret, 803 
 
 Martha, 808 
 DEISERT 
 
 H. A., 514 
 DEITRICK 
 
 David, 239 
 
 George J., 353 
 DEITRICH 
 
 John L. P., 345 
 
 John M. D., 346 
 DEITRICK 
 
 Jacob L. , 340 
 DELAP 
 
 William, 573 
 DELMER 
 
 Henry, 184 
 DELONG 
 
 George, 580 
 DELWIX 
 
 Daniel, 205 
 DEMAN 
 
 Jesse, 244 
 DEMAREE 
 
 David, 820 
 
 Elizabeth Ann, 820 
 
 DEMAREE continued 
 
 Ollle, 820 
 DEMMING 
 
 (Rev.) J. J., 539 
 DEMDYER 
 
 J. A., 540 
 DENXG 
 
 (Mr.), 454 
 
 John, 239, 243 
 
 L. Jr., 462 
 
 L. Sr., 462 
 
 Lewis, 203(2) 
 
 Louis , 454 
 DENNEY 
 
 David, 211 
 DENNING 
 
 Lewis, 669 
 
 Margaret, 669 
 DENNIS 
 
 John, 244 
 DENNY 
 
 (Got.), 143, 164, 
 165(2), 568 
 
 (Rev.) D., 463 
 
 Daniel, 420. 
 
 David, 203, 484 
 
 (Rev.) David, 329(2), 
 501, 507, 626 
 
 David R., 420 
 
 James, 154 
 
 John F., 415, 420, 
 463 
 
 Margaret, 588 
 
 William, 169, 243 
 DENTLER 
 
 James, 899 
 
 Susan A., 899 
 DENTON 
 
 (Mr.), 634 
 
 A. v., 634 
 
 Clarence H., 634 
 
 Frances A. Hallett, 
 634- 
 
 George, 482(2), 634 
 
 John L. , 634 
 
 Mabel H., 634 
 
 William V. , 634 
 DEOBLER 
 
 (Capt.), 841 ) 
 DgfiMONT 
 
 (Rev.) J. J., 684 
 
 John, 179 
 DERR 
 
 William M. , 422 
 DERRICKS ON 
 
 Judge, 827 
 DERUSH 
 
 Abm., 560 
 DETRICH 
 
 — , 551 
 
 (Gen.), 551, 710 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Catherine, 835 
 
 Christian, 709(2) 
 
 D. C, 534 
 
 David Gen., 172, 174, 
 709 
 
 Ellen, 710 
 
 Elliott B., 259 
 
 family, 709 
 
 George E-. , 835 
 
 26 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 DETRICH continued 
 
 Harry W. , 835 
 
 J., 552 
 
 Jere., 550 
 
 Jeremiah, 552 
 
 Jerome, 835 
 
 John, 835 
 
 John H. , 835 
 
 Julia Ann, 709 
 
 L. W., 534 
 
 Levd.s, 709 
 
 Lewis v., 202, 421 
 
 (Mrs.) M. K., :f,''i 
 
 Margaret, 710(2) 
 
 Martha, 710 
 
 Martha J. , 707 
 
 Itorris Hxl .835 
 
 Samuel, 546, 551 
 
 Sarah A., 835 
 
 Sarah C, 835 
 
 Susannah, 709(2) 
 
 W. S., 552 
 
 William D., 710 
 OETRICK 
 
 Alice K.J 939 
 
 David M. , 939 
 
 Edward, 241 
 
 family, 939 
 
 George, 939 
 
 Jacob, 80S 
 
 John, 939 
 
 L. W., 955 
 
 M. C, 939 
 
 Martha S., 939 
 
 Mary, 805 
 
 Sarah, 939 
 DEIHILER 
 
 (Mr.), 905 
 
 Jacob, 782 
 
 John L., 210 
 
 John S., 210 
 
 S., 210 
 
 Susan, 782 
 DeDNGER 
 
 John H., 349 
 DEVABOUGH 
 
 John, 596 
 DEVANNER 
 
 William, 154 
 DEVES 
 
 James , 240 
 DEVILBISS 
 
 Henry C, 294 
 DEVINE 
 
 John, 243, 496 
 
 Joseph, 182 
 DEVOR 
 
 Amos, 607, 740 
 
 Amos M. , 874 
 
 Elizabeth, 740 
 
 J. H., 294, 514, 874 
 
 J. J., 741 
 
 Margaret, 740 
 DEVORE 
 
 Agnes J. , 742 
 
 Joseph, 742 
 DEWALT 
 
 George, 596 
 
 Henry, 589 
 DEWITT 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 826 
 
 DEWITT continued 
 
 (Rev.) William R., 826 
 DEWOLF 
 
 James W. , 341 
 DIBERT 
 
 Mary Ann, 968 
 DICE 
 
 Christy, 585 
 
 David, 812 
 
 Eliza, 812 
 
 Elizabeth, 812 
 
 George, 771 
 
 John A., 811, 812 
 
 John F., 812 
 
 Martin S., 812 
 
 Mary, 771 
 
 Michael, 812 
 
 (Mrs.) Peggy, 810 
 
 Sophia, 812 
 
 John T, , 343 
 DICK 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 
 Peter, 594(2) 
 
 HtUiam, 241 
 DICKEY 
 
 Adam, 560 
 
 Andrew, 565 
 
 Elizabeth, 572 
 
 James, 155, 568, 571 
 
 John, 155, 184, 568 
 (2), 570, 572 
 
 John Sr., 568 
 
 Rebecca, 571 
 DICKEYS 
 
 the, 572 
 DICKIE 
 
 William, 274 
 DICKINSON 
 
 , 142 
 
 John, 402 
 
 Jonathan, 144 
 DICKIX 
 
 Elizabeth, 950 
 DICKSON 
 
 Catherine, 822 
 
 David, 822 
 
 family, 822 
 
 J., 549 
 
 James, 185 
 
 Jane, 822(2) 
 
 John, 196, 199, 494(2) 
 
 (Rev.) John, 494 
 
 Jonathan C, 421 
 
 W. A., 550 
 
 William, 201 
 
 William D. , 229 
 DIEFFENBACHER 
 
 (Rev.), 523 
 
 (Rev.) Jacob, 570 
 DIEHL 
 
 Carrie E., 907 
 
 Edgar B., 225 
 
 Hannah Mary, 885 
 
 Harry, 172, 907 
 
 (Capt.) Jacob, 174 
 
 (Dr.) James K., 174 
 
 John A., 229, 885 
 
 John H., 434 
 DIEHLOLER 
 
 J. A., 534 
 DI^ER 
 
 - 27 - 
 
 DIENER continued 
 
 W. A., 534 
 DIETRICH 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 DIETZ 
 
 George A. i CO. , 
 256 
 
 John, 255, 463 
 DIFFENBAUGH 
 
 Catharine, 940 
 DIFFENDAIX 
 
 John, 472 
 DIFFENDERFER 
 
 Catherine, 908 
 
 E., 535 
 DILL 
 
 Matthew, 152 
 DILLER 
 
 Catherine, 702 
 
 Mary, 769 
 DILLMAN 
 
 G. L., 491 
 DILLWORTH 
 
 (Mr.), 296 
 DILWORTH 
 
 — , 550 
 DINGWALL 
 
 Alexander L. C. , 
 345, 351 
 DINKLE 
 
 C. F., 480 
 
 Peter Jr., 464 
 DINNEY 
 
 James, 161 
 
 William, 161 
 DINNING 
 
 John, 183 
 DINWIDDY 
 
 Thomas, 152, 591 
 
 William, 152, 591 
 DISERT 
 
 H. A., 310 
 
 Harry A., 214 
 
 Maggie, 800 
 
 Margaret, 800 
 
 Samuel, 800 
 
 Samuel Sr., 800 
 DISSINGER 
 
 John Lieut., 355 
 DITCH 
 
 Henry, 563 
 
 John, 265 
 DITSLER 
 
 C. M., 481 
 DITTMAN 
 
 F., 491 
 
 F. G., 389 
 
 George , 504 
 
 John H., 389 
 DITZ 
 
 Theodore, 223 
 DITZLEAR 
 
 John, 211, 225, 598 
 
 Frank D., 350 
 
 John, 324 
 DIVELBISS 
 Fredik, 239 
 William, 241 
 DIVELY 
 
 A. v., 422 
 DIVEN 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 DIVEN continued 
 
 Catherine, 953 
 
 Martha, 753 
 
 Sylvester, 753 
 DIVER 
 
 James , 594 
 DIVINNEY 
 
 Daniel, 181 
 DIX 
 
 Maj. Gen., 896 
 DIXON 
 
 (Capt.), 336, 707, 
 708 
 
 (Col.). 904 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 
 Catherine, 903 
 
 David, 903(2) 
 
 David J., 904 
 
 (Col.) Dunlop, 637 
 
 George, 580(2) 
 
 James, 242, 560 
 
 Jeremiah, 156 
 
 John, 154, 312, 578, 
 596, 610(2) 
 
 (Rev.) John, 595 
 
 Margaret, 588 
 
 Martha, 904 
 
 Matthew, 154 
 
 Robert, 578, 588 
 
 Sarah C, 904 
 
 (Capt.) W. D., 336 
 
 (Col.) W. D., 903 
 
 William, 578(2), 595, 
 903 
 
 (Rev.) Wm. A., 601 
 
 Win. D., 435, 440, 610, 
 903 
 
 (Capt.) William D., 
 339 
 
 (Col.) William D. , 
 903 
 DIXSON 
 
 George, 184 
 
 Robert, 161, 196 
 
 William, 161, 196 
 DOBBIN 
 
 (Dr.), 414 
 
 (Rev.) (Dr.), 413 
 
 Alexander, 223 
 
 (Rev.) Alexander, 614 
 
 Arthur, 239 
 
 James, 413, 414(2) 
 
 Mathew, 614 
 DOBBINS 
 
 James H., 335 
 DOCHERTY 
 
 John, 155, 568 
 DODDS 
 
 James, 223 
 DOEBLER 
 
 (Lieut.), 335 
 
 (Mr.), 635 
 
 Adeline Susan, 635 
 
 Agnes, 634 
 
 & Peiffer, 635 
 
 Daniel L., 635 
 
 John, 202, 211, 335(2), 
 344, 389, 469, 481 
 
 Louis, 634 
 DONAHOE 
 
 Richard, 241 
 DONAHOO 
 
 DONAHOO continued 
 
 John, 493 
 DONAHUE 
 
 J., 54Q 
 DONALD 
 
 Alex., 594 
 DONALDSON 
 
 (widow), 584 
 
 Abraham, 726 
 
 Clara, 726 
 
 John, 594 
 
 Thomas , 346 
 DONALLY 
 
 George, 609 
 DONELSON 
 
 (widow), 155, 568 
 
 Arthur, 155, 568 
 
 Jacob, 154 
 
 Robert, 154 
 DONNEKER 
 
 Jacob, 589 
 DONNELLY 
 
 Barnabas, 240 
 
 Eliza, 889 
 
 Margaret, 648 
 
 Melinda M. , 749 
 DONOTHEN 
 
 John, 239 
 DONOVAN 
 
 Francis M. , 341 
 
 Robert, 565 
 DONYHON 
 
 John, 243 
 DORANS 
 
 John, 223 • 
 DORN 
 
 Henry, 342 
 DORRENCE 
 
 (Mr.), 403 
 DORSEY 
 
 Edwin, 536 
 DORTY 
 
 Peter, 345 
 DOSH 
 
 (Rev.) H. C, 539 
 
 John, 420 
 
 John H. C, 540, 582 
 DOSTER 
 
 Elizabeth, 803 
 
 John, 803 
 DOTTERER 
 
 John W., 902 
 DOUDLE 
 
 Sarah, 718 
 DOUGALL 
 
 (Rev.) Samuel, 606, 
 607 
 DOUGHERTY 
 
 (Rev.), 539 
 
 Angelina, 773 
 
 Edward, 580 
 
 Frederick, 185 
 
 George A., 229 
 
 Henrietta, 773 
 
 J. M., 773 
 
 James, 223, 578, 592, 
 773 
 
 (Rev.) John, 496 
 
 Joseph M., 773 
 
 Margaretta, 773 
 
 Mary E., 773 
 
 May Blanche, 773 
 
 - 28 - 
 
 DOUGHERTY continued 
 
 Milton M., 773 
 
 Neal, 185 
 
 Patrick, 184, 185 
 
 Susan, 773(2) 
 
 Thaddeus, 773 
 
 Thomas, 578, 591 
 
 William, 182, 595, 
 773 
 DOUGLAS 
 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 Alex., 184 
 
 Andrew Sr. , 184 
 
 J. W., 325, 335, 390, 
 420 
 
 (Capt.) J. Wyeth, 
 354 
 
 J. Wythe, 210 
 
 Jeremiah, 246 
 
 Joseph, 421 
 DOUGLASS 
 
 Archibald, 154 
 
 J. W., 406 
 
 J. Vfyeth, 212 
 
 Samuel, 422 
 DOUP 
 
 (Rev.) Jacob, 599 
 DOVER 
 
 (Mr.), 252 
 DOWE 
 
 John, 549 
 DOWMAN 
 
 John, 241 
 DOWNEY 
 
 (Mr.), 362 
 
 James, 589(2) 
 
 James Jr., 531 
 
 James Sr., 531 
 
 John, 205(2), 209, 
 560 
 
 Samuel, 560 
 
 William, 181, 244, 
 540, '560(2), 561 
 DOWN IN 
 
 Annie E., 940 
 
 Christie A., 940 
 
 Ella M., 940 
 
 Flojencs V., 940 
 
 Ida A., 940 
 
 John, 939 
 
 John A. , 940 
 
 Josiah, 940 
 
 Susan, 939(2) 
 DOniNG 
 
 Thomas, 223 
 DOWNS 
 
 Mathew, 246 
 DOYLE 
 
 (Mr.), 566 
 
 A. Elizabeth, 729 
 
 A. Elizabeth 
 Agnes , 744 
 Annie , 745 
 Annie C, 744 
 
 B. A., 209 
 Barnabas , 580 , 
 
 744(2), 757 
 Bazil J., 744 
 Caroline, 744 
 Catherine , 744 
 Charles H., 744 
 Edward, 224 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 DOYLE continued 
 
 Edward B., 744 
 
 Edward Barnabas, 744 
 
 Edward W. , 224, 744(2) 
 
 Felix, 152, 579(4), 
 580, 744(2) 
 
 Francis, A., 744 
 
 Georg, 720 
 
 George F., 744 
 
 George S . , 744 
 
 Henry S., 224, 744 
 
 James, 744(2) 
 
 John, 240, 744 
 
 John J., 744 
 
 Joseph M., 224 
 
 Judith, 744, 757 
 
 Mary, 744 
 
 Mary A, , 744 
 
 Michael , 464 
 
 Michael B. , 421 
 
 Nancy A. , 744 
 
 Patrick, 183 
 
 Philip T., 224, 583 
 
 Stephen, 592 
 
 Thomas, 151, 579, 744 
 
 Thomas J. Lieut*, 
 (?) 
 
 William, 744 
 
 William E., 744 
 
 William J., 744 
 
 William S., 230 
 DOYLES 
 
 (the), 235, 581 
 DRAKSEL 
 
 Abraham, 314 
 DREISBACH 
 
 (Mr.), 549 
 DRENNON 
 
 Hugh, 181 
 
 Thomas , 181 
 
 William, 181 
 DREP 
 
 Catherine, 806 
 DRESBACH 
 
 Simon, 494 
 DREY 
 
 Catherine, 902 
 ORAHES' 
 
 Conrad, 242 
 DROOKS 
 
 Catherine, 723 
 DRUMAN 
 
 James, 574 
 DRUMMON 
 
 Saml., 574 
 DRUMMOND 
 
 James, 185 
 DRUSHEL 
 
 Peter, 464 
 DRYBROUGH 
 
 Alex., 560 
 D8YDEN 
 
 Samuel, 274, 465 
 DUBBAL 
 
 Anna, 954 
 
 Silas E., 954 
 DUBBS 
 
 John H., 342 
 DUCK 
 
 Daniel, 353 
 DUFF 
 
 DUFF continued 
 
 Mayant, 154 
 DUFFIELD 
 G., 243 
 
 (Rev.) George, 606 
 
 James, 597(2) 
 
 James W. , 209 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 
 Joseph R., 340 
 Mary, 697(2) 
 
 Susan J., 735 
 
 William, 506, 591, 
 592, 735 
 
 William Jr., 592 
 
 William Sr., 592 
 
 William F., 421 
 DUFFIELDS 
 
 the, 569 
 DUFFY 
 
 Thomas, 349 
 DUGAN 
 
 Patrick, 239 
 
 William, 239, 242 
 
 William T., 244 
 DUGLAS 
 
 Andrew, 580 
 
 John, 580 
 
 Samuel, 560 
 
 Thomas , 560 
 DUHAMEL 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 DUKE 
 
 (Mr.), 635 
 
 Benjamin, 389 
 
 Benjamin F., 635 
 
 Jacob, 635 
 
 Margaret , 635 
 
 Mary, 635 
 
 of Argyle Scotland, 
 837 
 
 of Wellington, 423 
 DULL 
 
 (Mrs.), 783 
 
 Abram, 896 
 
 Amanda E., 888 
 
 Anna, 896 
 
 Christopher, 612 
 
 Eliza, 889 
 
 Isaac, 889 
 
 Joseph, 589 
 
 Peter, 589 
 
 Stophel, 589 
 DUN 
 
 James , 594 
 
 Samuel, 416 
 DUNBAR 
 
 William, 153 
 DUNCAN 
 
 Judge, 626 
 
 (Miss), 746 
 
 (Mr.), 413, 566, 635 
 
 (Mrs.), 566, 635, 636 
 
 A. S. E., 635 
 
 Adam, 241, 894 
 
 Alex., 396 
 
 & Stenger, 635 
 
 Ann, 758 
 
 Augustus, 254, 635 
 
 CM., 390 
 
 Calvin M. , 393, 421 
 
 Catharine R. , 389 
 
 DUNCAN continued 
 
 Daniel, 580, 594 
 
 David, 153 
 
 Euphemia C, 921 
 
 Florence, 635 
 
 George W., 481 
 
 Henry, 588 
 
 Janies, 244, 392, 412, 
 419 
 
 Martha, 752, 756, 
 894 
 
 Mary, 635 
 
 Mary A., 856 
 
 Mathew, 598 
 
 Matthew, 202 
 
 Robert, 574 
 
 Samuel, 595 
 
 Thomas, 404(2), 419, 
 600 
 
 Thomas Hon., 412 
 
 William A., 422 
 DUNKERLY 
 
 (Rev.) J. R., 613 
 DUNKINSON 
 
 Catharine, 696 
 
 D. B., 604 
 
 Robert, 354, 481, 
 696 
 
 Thomas, 342 
 DUNKISON 
 
 D. B., 481(2) 
 DUNKLE 
 
 Jane, 762 
 
 Michael, 351 
 
 William, 606, 762 
 DUNLAP 
 
 (Rev.), 593 
 
 Alexander, 239 
 
 Andrew, 152, 464, 596 
 
 Afthur, 152 
 
 James, 181, 453 
 
 (Col.) James, 183 
 
 John, 239, 5b5 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 
 Margaret, 716 
 DUNLOP 
 
 & Madeira Co., 473 
 
 Andrew, 394, 406, 
 419, 460, 461, 
 579, 664, 665 
 
 Arthur, 579 
 
 James, 393, 394, 420, 
 565, 665 
 
 James Hon., 415 
 
 Joseph, 155, 568 
 
 (Mrs.) Sarah Bella, 
 461 
 
 Win., 597 
 DUNMIRE 
 
 J. Wesley, 601 
 
 James W. , 229 
 
 William W. , 582 
 DUNN 
 
 (Capt.), 240 
 
 Beneiah, 608 
 
 Edward, 245, 605 
 
 Eliza, 606 
 
 Eliza C, 825 
 
 Jane, 825 
 
 John, 224, 825 
 
 Samuel, 204, 224, 394 
 
 29 
 
History of Franklin Covmty, Pennsylvania 
 
 DUNN continued 
 
 (Capt.) Samuel, 240(2), 
 
 843 
 (Gen.) Samuel, 825 
 DUNNING 
 
 Charles T., 582 
 DUNNS 
 
 — , 235 
 DUNOTT 
 
 (Dr.) Thomas J., 747 
 DUNSTAN 
 
 George, 172, 173 
 DUNWOOD 
 
 William, 155 
 DUNWOODIE 
 
 (Maj.), 904 
 DUNWOODY 
 David, 526 
 Samuel, 184 
 Thomas, 610 
 William, 568, 592(2) 
 DURANG 
 
 (Mrs.) Catherine, 501 
 DURBAKOW 
 T., 481 
 Thomas, 481(2) 
 DURBORAN 
 
 David D., 224 
 DURBORAW 
 
 A. J., 420 
 DURBORROW 
 Eliza, 486 
 Martha, 486 
 DURBORAW 
 
 Thomas, 183, 344 
 DURBORROW 
 
 John, 463 
 DURHAM 
 
 Jack, 459 
 DUSCHER 
 
 Mary, 668 
 DUSINGBERSY 
 John, 560 
 DUTCH 
 
 David, 589 
 Henry, 153, 589 
 DUTT 
 
 (Rev.) E., 595 
 DYARMAN 
 
 James H., 293 
 DYSCKE 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 DYMOND 
 
 Thomas, 349 
 DYSON 
 
 (Rev.), 607 
 (Rev.) Francis, 493 
 Franklin, 582 
 (Rev.) Franklin, 624 
 J. N., 482(2) 
 J. N. & Co., 441 
 James N., 481 
 Laura V. , 624 
 Logan. 891 
 (Mrs.) Logan, 891 
 EASY 
 
 George, 585 
 Peter, 596 
 EACHUS 
 
 EACHUS continued 
 (Mr.), 710 
 
 Charlotte, 710 
 
 Harriet, 710 
 (Mrs.) James, 717 
 
 James C, 710 
 
 Phineas, 710, 719 
 
 Samanda, 717 
 
 Sarah A., 719 
 
 Susan A., 710 
 EAGLE 
 
 Abraham, 464 
 
 Jacob, 598 
 
 John, 598 
 
 Peter, 454 
 EAKER 
 
 George, 560, 561, 
 593 
 
 Mary, 561 
 
 (Mrs.) Mary, 593 
 
 Simon, 242, 556 
 
 William, 341, 560 
 EALEY 
 
 George, 580 
 EASHART 
 
 and Forbes, 641 
 
 John, 476 
 
 Nicholas, 574 
 EAEHEART 
 
 Rachel, 963 
 EARICH 
 
 George W. , 349 
 EARL 
 
 David, 594 
 
 of Loudoun, 166 
 EARLEY 
 
 Thomas J., 202 
 EARLY 
 
 (Gen.), 235, 365, 
 382, 383, 385, 386 
 
 (Mr.), 361 
 
 D. S., 265 
 
 George, 585 
 
 (Gen.) J. A., 384 
 
 (Gen.) Jubal A., 383 
 
 (Maj.) (Gen.) Jubal A., 
 365 
 
 Mary, 598 
 
 Mary Ann, 842 
 
 Thomas, 463(3) 
 EASNSHAW 
 
 Wm., 609 
 EARRY 
 
 V»ii., 578 
 EASTON 
 
 (Capt.), 341 
 
 Elizabeth, 921 
 
 Hettie A., 225 
 
 Hezekiah, 265, 340 
 
 John, 225 
 
 Notley, 571 
 EATON 
 
 Cy., 577 
 
 Isaac, 204, 210, 416(3) 
 
 James, 161, 154 
 
 John, 154(2), 161(2), 
 184, 242, 474, 578 
 
 John Jr., 578 
 
 Joseph, 179, 577 
 
 - 30 
 
 EATON continued 
 Joseph Sr., 578 
 Joshua, 154, 161 
 EATONS 
 
 the, 571 
 EATTON 
 
 Joseph, 578 
 EBBERT 
 
 Albert Everett, 711 
 Anna Maria, 711 
 Catherine L. , 711 
 Elizabeth, 711(2) 
 Jacob, 710, 711 
 (Mrs.) Jacob, 711 
 James Mechesney, 711 
 Jennie, 711 
 Jeremiah, 710, 711(2) 
 Joann, 711 
 John, 710, 711(2) 
 (Rev.) John, 711 
 John Davidson, 711 
 Lizzie Yous, 711 
 Maggie, 711 
 Samuel, 711 
 Sarah J., 711 
 Susan Mllhuf , 711 
 EBERHART 
 
 Florence, 749 
 James. 582 
 (Rev. 5 James Gerry, 
 749 
 EBERLE 
 
 Barbara, 726, 727 
 EBERLY 
 
 (Mr.), 336 
 Ann Mariah, 797 
 Catherin, 797 
 Daisy B., 904 
 Elizabeth, 797, 
 
 814, 904 
 Etama, 797 
 Emma F., 904 
 Florence E., 904 
 H. N., 526(2) 
 Hannah, -797(2), 814, 
 
 904 
 Harry S., 904 
 Henry J., 797 
 Jacob, 797, 814, 904 
 John J., 904 
 John R., 797, 904 
 Mary Ann, 797 
 Mary E., 904 
 Mary S., 797 
 Peter, 463, 797^ 
 
 904" 
 Walter R., 904 
 EBERLYS 
 
 the, 315 
 EBERSOLE 
 (Mr.), 636 
 Abraham, 774 
 & Finney, 441, 636, 
 
 649 
 Anna, 775 
 Barbara, 773 
 Carrie M. , 636 
 Christian, 636, 773, 
 775 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 EBEKSOLE continued 
 
 Daniel, 434, 636, 774 
 
 Daniel C, 636 
 
 Edgar S., 636 
 
 Elizabeth, 773, 774(2) 
 
 (Mrs.) Elizabeth, 774 
 
 Bma K., 636 
 
 Enma M., 774 
 
 Fannie, 774 
 
 Fanny, 774 
 
 (Mrs.) Fanny, 774 
 
 Harry B., 636 
 
 Henry, 774 
 
 Jacob, 464, 773 
 
 Jacob R., 773(2), 774 
 
 John, 464, 773, 774 
 
 Leah, 774 
 
 Lydia Ann, 774 
 
 Magdalena, 773 
 
 (Mrs.) Magdalena, 774 
 
 Martha, 774(3) 
 
 Mary, 636(2), 785 
 
 Michael, 773 
 
 Nancy, 774(2) 
 
 Nannie V., 636 
 
 Reuben F., 774 
 
 Saloma, 774 
 
 Samuel, 773, 774 
 
 Susan, 774 
 
 Susannah, 655 
 EBERSOLES 
 
 the, 655 
 EBERT 
 
 L., 491 
 
 Leo., 481 
 EBY 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Amos 5., 805 
 
 Anna, 773 
 
 Annie M. , 805 
 
 Barbara, 764 
 
 David, 206, 434, 440, 
 601, 790, 804, 805(2) 
 
 George, 225 
 
 George D., 805 
 
 Grace, 546 
 
 Harry C, 805 
 
 Howard S., 805 
 
 Jacob, 241, 389, 805 
 
 Jacob S., 421 
 
 Martha, 805 
 
 Mary, 805 
 
 Mattle, 805 
 
 S. H., 214, 310, 546 
 
 Samuel H., 551 
 ECKEL 
 
 Gilbert & Herman, 649 
 ECKELS 
 
 C. D., 480 
 
 Daniel, 578, 610 
 ECKENRODE 
 
 C. J., 808 
 
 David E., 758 
 
 Jacob C, 758 
 
 James, 480 
 
 John A., 758 
 
 Josephine, 758 
 
 Margaret J., 808 
 
 Mary A., 758 
 
 R., 808 
 
 ECKENRODE continued 
 
 Rebecca J., 758 
 
 S. J., 755 
 ECKERMAN 
 
 Daniel, 294, 296 
 
 Daniel Jr., 586 
 ECKERS 
 
 Daniel, 588 
 ECKERT 
 
 (Mrs.), 856 
 
 Catharine, 856 
 
 Charles, 571, 856 
 
 Christian C, 340 
 
 Elizabeth, 829 
 
 Jacob, 856 
 
 John, 526, 856 
 
 Jonas, 829 
 
 Joseph, 389 
 
 Mary, 856 
 
 Mary E., 856 
 ECKERY 
 
 William, 154 
 ECKHARDT 
 
 Catharine, 636 
 
 Charles H., 636 
 
 Eliza A., 636 
 
 Ernst, 636 
 
 Johannes , 636 
 
 Justina Sophia, 636 
 
 Katie C, 636 
 
 Martha H., 636 
 
 Mary E. , 636 
 
 Sophia C, 636 
 ECKHART 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Joseph, 305 
 ECKMAN 
 
 C. F., 552 
 
 C. S., 534 
 ECKSTEIN 
 
 Elizabeth, 619 
 EDGAR 
 
 (Mr.), 637(2) 
 
 David, 824 
 
 Elizabeth, 637 
 
 James, 636 
 
 (Rev.) John, 489, 504, 
 636 
 
 Mary, 824 
 EDMISTON 
 
 Henry C, 352 
 
 Lucy S,, 481 
 
 Thomas, 592 
 EDMONSON 
 
 Robert, 152, 565 
 
 Mary, 827 
 EDMUNDSON 
 
 (Miss), 919 
 
 Thomas, 152, 594 
 EDWARDS 
 
 David Bishop, 601 
 
 James, 229 
 
 John, 578, 609 
 
 Jonathan, 430 
 
 Joshua, 568 
 
 T. H., 421 
 
 (Rev.) Tryon, 504 
 
 W. B., 525 
 
 (Rev.) W. J. D., 499 
 
 William, 241 
 
 EDWARDS continued 
 
 William B., 609(2) 
 EGAN 
 
 (Mr.), 481 
 EGE 
 
 Oliver, 580 
 EGLE 
 
 (Dr.) W. H,, 174 
 
 (Dr.) William, 827 
 EICHELBERGER 
 
 John, 955 
 EICHOLTZ 
 
 Jacob G,, 342 
 
 Samuel H., 342 
 EIGELBERER 
 
 Daniel, 521 
 EIGELBERGER 
 
 Daniel, 519 
 EIKER 
 
 A. J., 479(2) 
 
 Andrew, 500 
 
 D. M., 476 
 
 Isaac, 614 
 
 (Mrs.) Martha J,, 
 483 
 EISENBACH 
 
 Margaret, 662 
 ELDEN 
 
 Adelaide, 888 
 
 & Knepper, 888 
 
 Anna May, 888 
 
 Clara B., 888 
 
 Corwin, 888 
 
 Elizabeth, 888(2) 
 
 Ezekiel, 888 
 
 George, 888 
 
 James, 888 
 
 Jennie, 888 
 
 Joseph, 888 
 
 (Mr.) M., 890 
 
 Margaret, 888 
 
 Mary Ann, 888 
 
 Melchor, 435, 533, 
 888 
 ELDER 
 
 (Col.), 275, 638, 
 681 
 
 (Mr.), 637 
 
 Abram, 184 
 
 Alexander, , 255 
 
 David, 579, 580, 
 583, 738 
 
 David Jr., 579, 580 
 
 David Sr., 580 
 
 (Capt.) J. G., 335 
 
 James, 161, 239, 
 579(2), 580 
 
 James G., 203, 266, 336, 
 344, 389, 455, 788 
 
 (Capt.) James G., 
 345 
 
 (Col.) James G., 
 
 465, 637 
 
 Jane, 758 
 
 John, 245, 579(3), 
 580, 583 
 
 John Jr., 580 
 
 John A. , 434 
 
 Joseph, 353, 755 
 
 Lam, 758 
 
 - 31 
 
History of Franklin Cotmty, Pennsylvania 
 
 ELDER continued 
 
 Margaret, 687 
 
 Mary, 738, 755 
 
 Mary A., 755 
 
 Mary E. Brindle, 638 
 
 Noah, 245 
 
 Robert, 240, 580(2) 
 
 Samuel, 184, 239, 580 
 
 (Mrs.) Susan, 738 
 
 Will A., 514 
 
 Wm., 579, 580 
 
 (Dr.) William, 280 
 ELDON 
 
 John, 230(2) 
 ELDRICH 
 
 George, 560 
 ELDRIDGE 
 
 George , 246 
 ELIE 
 
 Abraham, 560 
 ELLIOT 
 
 Johnston, 154 
 
 Robert, 154 
 ELLIOTT 
 
 (Miss), 843 
 
 (Rev.) (Dr.), 611 
 
 Widow, 201 
 
 A. S., 552 
 
 Alexander S., 550(2) 
 
 Archibald, 183, 580, 
 605, 835, 836 
 
 Archibald W. , 836 
 
 Benjamin, 579, 592 
 
 Caroline, 843 
 
 (Rev.) David, 329, 516 
 
 (Mrs.) Emma, 486 
 
 Ennion, 202 
 
 family, 835 
 
 Frances, 580 
 
 Francis, 184, 604(2), 
 835 
 
 Frank T., 230 
 
 Frank W., 435, 835, 
 836 
 
 George, 592, 607 
 
 George W. , 714 
 
 H. H., 485, 486(2) 
 
 Henry H., 486 
 
 Isabella E. , 836 
 
 Isabella Hall Beatty 
 (Mrs.), 836 
 
 James, 240, 578, 585, 
 597, 604, 836 
 
 James B., 836 
 
 Joanna, 835 
 
 John, 579, 580, 604(2), 
 836 
 
 Johnston, 569, 609 
 
 Maggie W. , 836 
 
 Margaret, 836 
 Mary, 714, 843 
 Mary A., 867 
 Mary F. , 836 
 
 (Mr.), 274, 562, 593 
 Maude, 836 
 
 Peter, 243 
 
 Robert, 580, 609, 843 
 
 Samuel, 867 
 
 Samuel B. , 836 
 
 ELLIOTT continued 
 
 Susie, 485 
 
 William, 184(2), 509, 
 579, 580, 607, 836 
 
 William H., 836 
 
 William S., 229 
 
 Wilson, 419 
 ELLOT 
 
 George, 592 
 
 Johnson, 592 
 ELLSWORTH 
 
 Alfred M. , 322 
 ELM 
 
 Elizabeth, 830 
 ELMS 
 
 William, 588(2), 589 
 ELY 
 
 (Dr.), 606 
 
 G, W., 529 
 
 George W. H., 529 
 
 John, 715 
 
 Mary, 715 
 EMBICH 
 
 M. A., 395 
 EMBICK 
 
 Catharine, 790 
 EMERICK 
 
 Elizabeth, 780, 894, 
 895 
 EMBICK 
 
 John, 790 
 EMERICK 
 
 Lewis, 613 
 EltiICK 
 
 Rebecca. , 790 
 EMBLEY 
 
 James, 376 
 EMERICK 
 
 Ludwick, 895 
 
 Susan, 895 
 
 Susannah, 613 
 EMERICKS 
 
 the, 895 
 EMERSON 
 
 — , 551 
 
 (Rev.), 540 
 
 (Rev.) Edward, 544 
 
 Edwin, 551 
 EMERY 
 
 John, 566 
 EMLEY 
 
 A. H., 336 
 EMLY 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 EMMERT 
 
 Susan, 956 
 EMMINGER 
 
 (Mrs.), 894 
 
 Elizabeth, 894 
 
 Michael, 894 
 EMMIT 
 
 Peter, 590 
 EMMITS 
 
 John, 589 
 EMRICK 
 
 Ludwig, 775 
 
 Margaret, 775 
 ENDSLOW 
 
 James, 585, 587 
 
 - 32 - 
 
 ENGLAR 
 
 (Rev.) W. H., 499 
 ENGLE 
 
 Annie, 787 
 
 John, 787 
 ENGLISH 
 
 David, 588 
 
 Robert, 574 
 ENSLOW 
 
 Mary Ann, 719 
 ENSMINGER 
 
 (Mr.), 481 
 
 George, 241 
 
 Hannah, 788 
 
 Sarah, 835 
 ENTERLINE 
 
 Samuel, 595 
 
 (Rev.) T., 570 
 ENTRICKEN 
 
 Thomas, 559 
 ENTYRE 
 
 Jas., 560 
 ERB 
 
 (Rev.) J., 684 
 
 Jacob, 494, 549 
 
 Sarah, 782 
 ERESMAN 
 
 (Mr.), 520 
 ERMENTROUT 
 
 (Mr.), 603 
 
 (Rev.) John S., 576 
 ERNHOLT 
 
 Adam, 580 
 ESNSHAW 
 
 Mn., 525 
 ERVEN 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 ERVIN 
 
 Francis, 578 
 
 John, 561 
 ERVINE 
 
 James , 580 
 ERWIN 
 
 Alexander, 745(2) 
 
 Alexander James, 745 
 
 Alice, 745 
 
 Arabella, 745 
 
 Isaac, 239 
 
 James, 155, 568 
 
 John, 146, 154, 560, 
 568, 589 
 
 Joseph B., 745 
 
 Mary, 745 
 
 Mathew, 568 
 
 Matilda, 745 
 
 Robert, 153 
 
 William, 153, 154, 589, 
 594 
 ERWINS 
 
 the, 581 
 ESHELMAN 
 
 David, 555 
 
 Wm. C, 352 
 ESHLEMAN 
 
 Benjamin H., 224 
 ESHWAY 
 
 John, 464 
 ESPY 
 
 Josiah, 419 
 
Index of Names Continued 
 
 ESFY continued 
 
 Thomas, 610 
 ESSICK 
 
 Jacob, 576 
 
 John, 576 
 
 William, 576 
 ESSICKS 
 
 the, 575 
 ESSIG 
 
 John, 239 
 ESTABROOK 
 
 Experience, 420 
 ETCHBERGER 
 
 Annie M., 676 
 
 George P., 676 
 ELTER 
 
 A. H,, 214, 266, 772, 
 797(2) 
 ETTER 
 
 Alexander Stewart, 
 797 
 
 Anna, 875 
 
 Anna Mary, 797 
 
 Augustus H., 211 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, 875 
 
 Bertha, 778 
 
 Calvin, 809 
 
 Charlotte S., 641 
 
 Christian, 455, 493 
 
 (Mrs.) Cora, 784 
 
 D. Frank, 797 
 
 E. G., 205, 384, 481 
 Edward G., 480 
 Elizabeth, 777 
 
 Erana K., 772, 797 
 George, 875 
 George M., 875(2) 
 George W., 435 
 Henry, 210, 874 
 Ida Lee, 774 
 Jacob, 774, 777, 797, 
 
 805 
 James Calvin, 875 
 John, 774 
 John W. , 774, 780 
 Josiah, 774 
 L. Alice, 780 
 Laura J., 809 
 Leah, 805 
 Luther, 797 
 Lydia Belle, 797 
 Margaret, 774 
 Margaret A., 774 
 Mary, 774, 797 
 Mary C, 797 
 Robert H., 797 
 Samuel, 389, 641, 774, 
 
 781 
 Sarah, 875 
 
 Sarah Catharine, 875 
 Susan, 641, 878 
 Susanna, 805 
 William, 421 
 William H., 774 
 William Henry, 875 
 EVANS 
 
 (Mr.), 638 
 widow, 608 
 i Nitterhouse, 638 
 C. E., 638 
 
 EVANS continued 
 
 Charles, 472, 638(2) 
 
 David, 240 
 
 Edward, 638(2) 
 
 Evan, 239 
 
 J., 212 
 
 Jeremiah, 243 
 
 John, 154, 608 
 
 Margaret, 638 
 
 Mary, 638 
 
 Thomas, 152, 591 
 
 William, 183 
 EVERETT 
 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 John W. , 760 
 
 Sarah, 760 
 
 Thomas T., 546 
 
 (Rev.) Thomas T., 571 
 
 W. S., 384, 390 
 
 William S., 212, 266, 
 421 
 EVERHART 
 
 & Bros., 868 
 
 Lawrence , 609 
 EVERLY 
 
 James, 893 
 
 John, 179, 565 
 
 Mary E., 893 
 EVERS 
 
 W. B., 550 
 EVERT 
 
 Adam, 578 
 
 Cutlip, 550 
 
 William, 560 
 EVERY 
 
 Candace, 912 
 EWELL 
 
 (Gen.), 369, 371 
 
 (Mr.), 360, 361, 365, 
 380 
 
 Lieut., Gen., R. S., 
 361, 365, 366 
 EWING 
 
 (Maj.), 962(2) 
 
 David, 223 
 
 John N., 582 
 EYLER 
 
 (Mrs.) C. C, 540 
 EYSTER 
 
 (Capt.), 336, 932 
 
 (Mr.), 638, 539 
 
 (Rev.), 571 
 
 C. S., 420 
 
 C. W., 325 
 
 Charles W. Capt., 355 
 
 (Mrs.) Charlotte, 483 
 
 Christian S., 390 
 
 Ethelinda, 649 
 
 Frederick M., 351 
 
 George, 214, 390, 420, 
 638 
 
 (Capt.) George, 622 
 
 George S., 205, 325(2), 
 325, 324, 455, 463, 
 620, 638 
 
 (Capt.) George W. , 354 
 
 H. M., 471 
 
 J. A., 205 
 
 J. Allison, 325, 335, 
 474 
 
 - 33 - 
 
 EYSTER continued 
 
 John S., 335, 340 
 
 L. Bert, 422 
 
 Lewis, 411 
 
 Michael, 519, 546(2) 
 
 (Rev.) Michael, 575 
 
 Sarah, 550 
 
 W. C, 335 
 
 W. F,, 266 
 
 (Rev.) W. F., 490, 
 491 
 
 W. F. & Bros., 868 
 
 W. H., 441, 482 
 
 Wilbur F., 441 
 
 William F., 546 
 FABER 
 
 (Mr.), 453 
 
 George, 236 
 
 (Rev.) John Christopher, 
 493 
 
 S., 493 
 FAGAN 
 
 James, 761 
 
 Juliana, 761 
 f'AGON 
 
 Almira J., 753 
 
 James, 753 
 FAHNESTOCK 
 
 A. J., 174, 435 
 Alex., 389 
 (Rev.) Andrew, 514 
 
 B. A., 481 
 Benjamin, 243, 453 
 Charles, 471 
 
 D. S., 212, 389 
 
 Daniel S., 212 
 
 Peter, 212 
 
 (Dr.) Peter, 280 
 
 (Dr.) Samuel, 453 
 FAHRNEY 
 
 D. H., 259 
 
 (Rev.) Jacob, 535 
 
 John, 892 
 
 Josiah, 532, 533 
 
 Lucy, 892 
 
 Nancy, 892 
 EAIRCHILD 
 
 Abijah, 179 
 FAIRESS 
 
 Hugh, 183 
 FAIRMAN 
 
 James , 580 
 FAIS 
 
 Hugh, 595 
 FALKNER 
 
 James, 491 
 FALLON 
 
 C. H., 525 
 Charles' ff., 853 
 M., 525 
 
 FALLS 
 
 Benjamin W. , 341 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 FANNON 
 
 John, 181 
 FARCE 
 
 Lillian, 808 
 FARIER 
 
 widow, 155, 568 
 FARLING 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 FARLING continued 
 
 George, 606 
 FARMER 
 
 Charles W. , 546 
 
 George, 184 
 
 John B., 550 
 FARNE 
 
 Joanna, 725 
 FARRELLY 
 
 Nancy, 666 
 FARVER 
 
 Benjamin, 598 
 FASTPOINTER 
 
 kbvam, 578 
 FAIHER 
 
 Matthew, 325 
 FATZINGER 
 
 Catharine, 545, 737 
 
 George, 545, 737 
 
 L. C, 552 
 
 Maria, 737 
 FAULDERS 
 
 Mary A., 960 
 
 Samuel, 960 
 FAULK 
 
 (Rev.) John S., 549 
 FAULKNER 
 
 Eliza, 848 
 
 John, 183 
 FAUST 
 
 Catherine, 649 
 
 J. A., 435 
 FAWVER 
 
 (Rev.) M., 274 
 FAVORITE 
 
 John, 239, 240, 463 
 FAVOUR 
 
 (Rev.) Christ'r., 596 
 FEAGHANDER 
 
 John, 183 
 FEALOR 
 
 Andrew, 588 
 FEDDER 
 
 Jacob, 242 
 FEGAN 
 
 Barnabas, 240 
 
 James, 580 
 FEGLEY 
 
 David, 211 
 "Sarah, 704 
 FEIDS 
 
 Susannah, 950 
 FEIGHT 
 
 J. W. . 526 
 
 (Rev.) J. W., 613 
 FELDMAN 
 
 — , 552 
 
 Peter, 389, 476 
 FELKER 
 
 (Rev.) A. C, 576, 611 
 FELMLEE 
 
 Henrietta, 761 
 
 Jacob, 229 
 
 John, 761 
 FELTENBERGER 
 
 J. P., 329 
 FELTON 
 
 (Col.) James, 240 
 FENSTEMACHER 
 
 C, 480 
 
 FENTON 
 
 (Col.), 901 
 
 John, 610 
 FERGESON 
 
 William, 578 
 FERGISON 
 
 Hugh, 585 
 
 James, 578 
 
 John, 585 
 
 Mathew, 578 
 
 Samuel, 578 
 
 Thomas , 596 
 FERGUSON 
 
 (Mr.), 783 
 
 A. D., 421 
 
 David, 753, 583 
 
 Hugh, 182 
 
 James, 211, 416, 419, 
 434, 610, 582, 743 
 
 John, 183, 342, 598 
 
 Joseph, 185, 760 
 
 Martha, 753, 797 
 
 Mary, 798 
 
 Mary E. , 798 
 
 (Capt.) Matthew, 588 
 
 Nancy Jane, 760 
 
 R. Gracy, 351 
 
 Robert G., 312, 798 
 
 (Rev.) Robert G., 516 
 
 W. G., 492 
 
 William, 588, 797 
 
 William A., 798 
 
 William G., 582 
 FERGUSONS 
 
 the, 597 
 FERNDON 
 
 Henry, 582 
 FERREE 
 
 John, 588 
 FERRIS 
 
 Christopher, 223 
 FERRY 
 
 (Mrs.) Elizabeth, 609 
 
 William, 243, 463 
 FETERHOFF 
 
 (Mrs.) A. E., 678 
 
 & Garber, 650 
 FETXG 
 
 Peter, 352 
 FETROW 
 
 Samuel B., 444 
 FETTER 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 
 C. £., 481 
 
 Jacob. 485, 486 
 
 (Mrs.) Maria, 486 
 
 Minnie R. , 486 
 FETTERHAFFER 
 
 Barbara, 576 
 
 George, 576 
 FETTERHAFFERS 
 
 the, 575 
 FETTERHOFF 
 
 Barbara, 714 
 
 George, 314 
 
 J., 495 
 
 Jacob R . , 349 
 FETTERS 
 
 Mary, 869 
 FICKES 
 
 - 34 - 
 
 FICKES continued 
 
 Esquire, 820 
 
 Alberta J., 820 
 
 Anna, 820 
 
 Anna E., 775 
 
 Benjamin, 775 
 
 Benjamin F., 775 
 
 C. M., 818 
 
 Calvin, 820 
 
 Cidonia C, 820 
 
 Daniel, 820 
 
 David, 820 
 
 Eliza J., 775 
 
 Elizabeth Ann, 820 
 
 Emma, 775 
 
 George, 820 
 
 Gibson, 820 
 
 Harriet, 775 
 
 Harriet C, 775 
 
 Ida R., 775 
 
 Jacob, 820 
 
 John, 820 
 
 John Jr., 775 
 
 John A., 820 
 
 Jonathan A. , 775 
 
 Josiah, 435, 820 
 
 Lydla E., 775 
 
 Margaret, 820 
 
 Martha A., 775 
 
 Martha J., 818 
 
 Mary, 774 
 
 Mary R., 820 
 
 Murray, 440 
 
 William, 775, 820 
 FIDD 
 
 John, 179 
 FIDLER 
 
 David, 492 
 FIELD 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 FILBERT 
 
 T. J., 535 
 FILLON 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 FILSON 
 
 Davison, 582 
 
 Robert, 574 
 FINDLAY 
 
 (Col.), 289 
 
 (Dr.), 289 
 
 (Gov.), 499 
 
 Archibald I., 420 
 
 James, 462, 516 
 
 Jane, 572, 825, 826 
 
 John, 152, 163, 201(2), 
 202, 224, 329, 402, 
 516, 579, 392 
 
 John Jr., 201 
 
 John Sr., 206, 224 
 
 (Capt.) John, 242, 279 
 
 (Col.P John, 245, 289, 
 602, 656, 826 
 
 (Rev.) John, 329 
 
 Samuel, 556, 572 
 
 Smith, 499 
 
 William, 394, 425, 
 510, 516 
 FINDLAYS 
 
 the, 433 
 FINDLEY 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 FINDLEY, continued 
 
 James I Esq. 585 
 
 John, 585(2) 
 
 Samuel 556 
 
 William 556 
 FINE 
 
 Lambert S., 484 
 FINEFROCK 
 
 Anna C, 389 
 
 Daniel, 792 
 
 Ephraim Lieut . , 355 
 
 Jacob, 353 
 
 Sarah, 792 
 FINERTY 
 
 James, 182 
 FINGERLY 
 
 James, 580 
 FINGERTY 
 
 Joseph, 240 
 FINK 
 
 Jacob, 349 
 FINKEY 
 
 Sarah, 832 
 
 William, 832 
 FINLEY 
 
 Capt. 685 
 
 Dr., 281, 405 
 
 Andrew, 154 
 
 Andrew Lieut., 160 
 
 Archibald I., 415 
 
 Ebinger S., 420 
 
 Elizabeth, 700 
 
 James, 153, 154, 199, 200, 
 223, 402, 456, 671, 597 
 
 John, 154, 594, 598 
 
 John Esq. 154 
 
 John Sr., 154 
 
 Robert, 154 
 
 Samuel , 184 
 
 W. A., 289 
 
 William, 588 
 
 William A. Dr., 281 
 
 William S., 420 
 FINNERTY 
 
 William, 245 
 FINNEY 
 
 Mr., 639 
 
 & Ebersole, 441, 636, 649 
 
 \ Lortz, 639 
 
 & McCoy, 639 
 
 David Howard, 639 
 
 Louisa, 639 
 
 Margaret, 639 
 
 W. C, 651 
 
 William, 639 
 
 William C., 639 
 FIPS 
 
 Nathaniel, 241 
 FIRHWALT 
 
 Benj. 242 
 FIROR 
 
 Jacob, 229 
 
 Victorine N., 420 
 FISCHER 
 
 J. H., 491 
 FISHBURN 
 
 Conrad, 594 
 
 Frederick, 595 
 FISHER 
 
 Adam, 454 697(2) 
 
 FISHER continued 
 
 Catherine, 894 
 
 Charles G., 603 
 
 Charles G. Rev., 576 
 
 Charlotte, 800 
 
 Conrad, 560 
 
 Eleanor, 826 
 
 family, 697 
 
 Frederick, 550, 612(2) 
 894 
 
 Henry, 472 
 
 Henry L., 420, 444 
 
 Henry L. Hon. 442 
 
 J. C. 472(2) 
 
 James B., 259, 951 
 
 Jessie, 951 
 
 John, 241, 389, 454, 
 455, 481, 800 
 
 John D., 353 
 
 John M. , 202, 205 
 
 Joseph, 341 
 
 Moses, 155, 568 
 
 Rebecca, 697(2) 
 
 Robert Bard, 344 
 
 S. R., 325 
 
 Sadie, 546 
 
 Samuel, 563 
 
 Samuel R., 256 
 
 Samuel R. Rev. 256 
 
 Sarah, 650 
 
 Susanah, 612 
 
 William, 246 
 FISHERS the, 612 
 FITZ 
 
 James D., 350 
 FITZGARALD 
 
 Edward, 596 
 FITZGERALD 
 
 T. M., 501 
 
 Thomas C. 225 
 FITZHUGH 
 
 Capt. 363 
 
 the, 321 
 FIXSON 
 
 Fedde, 342 
 FLACK 
 
 Mr., 549 
 
 Alexander, 344, 469 
 ' Christian, 462 
 
 Peter, 239 
 
 Scot Mrs., 483 
 FLAGLE 
 
 Abraham, 240 
 FLAKER 
 
 Christ., 588 
 FLANGAN 
 
 Henry A., 349 
 
 John, 201, 206(2), 394 
 (2), 463 
 
 John Capt., 244 
 FLANAGHIN 
 
 James, 568 
 
 John, 155, 568 
 FLANEGAN 
 
 John, 861 
 FLANIGAN 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 
 John, 659 
 FLANNIG 
 
 Frederick, 951 
 
 -35- 
 
 FLANNIG continued 
 
 Rebecca, 951 
 FLATCHER 
 
 John, 596 
 FLEAGLE 
 
 William, 209 
 FLECK 
 
 Miss, 747 
 
 Eliza, 774 
 
 James, 560 
 
 John, 574, 747 
 FLEEGER 
 
 Fdmlly, 89 
 
 Margaret, 893, 894 
 FLEMGIN 
 
 Robert, 515 
 FLEMING 
 
 Mr., 531, 712(2) 
 
 Rev., 857 
 
 (son), 163 
 
 A. Edgar, 712 
 
 Alice, 711, 712 
 
 Alice S., 883 
 
 Andrew R. , 712 
 
 Ann, 711 
 
 Anna M. , 712, 733 
 
 Archibald, 202, 213, 244, 
 544, 711, 712, 716 
 
 Betsey E., 856 
 
 Blair Speer, 712 
 
 Charles, 230, 835 
 
 Daniel. 578 
 
 Edgar, 717 
 
 Eliza Jane, 712 
 
 Elizabeth A. Rankin, 712 
 
 Eva, 711, 712 
 
 Eve; 545 
 
 Georgle, 711 
 
 Hugh, 716 
 
 Ida M., 712 
 
 J. Parker, 420 
 
 Jacob S., 550 
 
 Jacob Stahl, 711 
 
 James, 856 
 
 James Archibald, 712 
 
 Joseph H. Rev. 856 
 
 Luther B., 711 
 
 Maggie F., 857 
 
 Martha, 711 
 
 Mary, 554 
 
 Mary A., 711 
 
 Mathew, 223 
 
 May, 712 
 
 Patrick, 181 
 
 Sarah, 711 
 
 Susie, 712 
 
 T. J. Rev. 496 
 
 W. Scott, 712 
 
 William, 163, 206 
 
 William Mrs. 163 
 
 William W., 225, 546, 712 
 
 William Wallace, 711, 712, 
 733 
 FLETCHER 
 
 Annie, 681 
 
 C. F., 551(2), 552 
 
 David, 606 
 
 Frederick, 725 
 
 J. W. 202 
 
 Josiah W., 202, 346 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 FLETCHER, conrinued 
 
 L. H., 550 
 
 Margaret, 725 
 
 Scott, 465 
 
 Thomas, 239, 242 
 
 Thomas L. 205, 420 
 
 Thomas L. Capt. 355 
 
 W. L. Esq. 504 
 FETTER 
 
 Jacob, 239 
 FLICKINGER 
 
 Dr., 844 
 
 Albert, 739 
 
 Albert A. 837 
 
 Alexander, 837, 842 
 
 Anna, 739 
 
 Anna M. , 837 
 
 Annie, 842 
 
 Barbara, 606 
 
 Clara, 739 
 
 Clara S., 837 
 
 David, 837, 840 
 
 E. M., 343 
 
 Edgar, 739 
 
 Edgar M. , 837 
 
 Edith S. 836, 839 
 
 Elizabeth, 837, 840 
 
 Henry, 837 
 
 J. H. Dr. 583, 756 
 
 J. S. Dr. 751, 836, 838 
 
 Jacob, 224, 266, 739, 
 837, 842 
 
 Jennie, 836 
 
 John, 605, 606, 757, 836, 
 837 
 
 John C, 345 
 
 John H., 291 
 
 John S., 293(2) 
 
 John S. Dr. 435, 836, 839 
 
 Joseph, 302, 606, 836, 
 841 
 
 Joseph M., 836 
 
 Joseph McAllen, 839 
 
 Lavina, 837, 842 
 
 Levinia, 739 
 
 Margaret, 757 
 
 Mary, 840 
 
 Mary E. 837 
 
 t^ancy, 836 
 
 Eolly, 837 
 
 Sarah, 841 
 
 Sarah Jane, 838 
 
 Sarah Jane Mrs. 839 
 
 William, 739, 837 
 FLINDER 
 
 Henry, 494 
 
 Jacob, 463 
 
 Jacob N. 203 
 FLOHERE 
 
 Adam, 589 
 FLOOD 
 
 Mr. 321 
 
 Henry, 589 
 FLORA 
 
 Abraham, 589 
 
 D. A. 299, 586 
 
 George 244 
 
 Joseph, 241 
 FLOREY 
 
 George & Son, 645 
 
 FLORY 
 
 Ellas S., 352 
 
 George, 463 
 
 Samuel, 350 
 
 William, 212 
 FLOYD 
 
 J., 590 
 FOCHT 
 
 Rev. 603 
 
 D. H. Rev. 575 ^ ^ 
 
 David H. Rev. 576, 611(2) 
 FOERNEY 
 
 Jacob, 464 
 FOGEL 
 
 Christina, 742 
 F0GELSON6ER 
 
 D. Rev. 535 
 Elizabeth, 921 
 
 FOGLER 
 
 Christ, 589 
 FOGLESONGER 
 
 Catherine, 831 
 
 David, 831 
 
 Jacob, 537 
 
 Lizzie, 831 
 FOHL 
 
 Mr., 640 
 
 Mrs. 640 
 
 Barnard, 229 
 
 Bernard, 229 
 
 Harrison, 349 
 
 J., 495 
 
 John, 314, 494, 526, 
 459 
 
 John Rev. 494, 570, 639 
 
 Mary, 639 
 
 Susannah, 639 
 FOLLER 
 
 Jacob Rev., 535 
 FOLTZ 
 
 Mr., 254, 640, 675 
 
 Catharine, 389 
 
 Catherine, 811 
 
 Charlotte S. Etter, 641 
 
 Christian, 464, 640 
 
 Christian C. Capt. 355 
 
 E. G. , 384 
 Edward G., 641 
 Einna M. , 641 
 Frederick, 811 
 Hannah, 640 
 Helen M. , 641 
 Herbert C, 641 
 Jeremiah, 598 
 
 M. A., 255, 266(2), 481 
 640(2) 
 
 Mallnda, 811 
 
 William E., 641 
 FOMEY 
 
 John W. , 724 
 
 FOCTE 
 
 Robert, 236, 240 
 FORBES 
 
 Gen., 165 
 
 Mr., 641(2) 
 
 Mrs., 641 
 
 & Earhart, 641 
 
 Anna, 641 
 
 J. N., 441 
 
 John, 266 
 
 -36- 
 
 FORBES 
 
 John Gen. 271 
 
 Joseph, 641 
 
 Joseph N. 641 
 
 Lydla, 641 
 
 Margaret, 641(2) 
 
 William, 641(2) 
 FORD 
 
 Bamett, 608 
 FORDNEY 
 
 Mary, 697(2) 
 
 WiUlam B., 697 
 FORE 
 
 Henry, 531, 589 
 FOREMAN 
 
 Mr., 642, 780 
 
 Anderson, 642 
 
 Andrew, 245 
 
 August,us , 905 
 
 B. F., 930, 959 
 Carrie A., 930 
 Caserow, 905 
 Catherine, 904 
 Charles, 642, 905 
 Clinton, 905 
 Edith, 642 
 Edward W., 642 
 Elizabeth, 642, 780 
 Elmira, 905(2) 
 Ezekiel, 687 
 
 F., 612 
 
 Florence May, 642 
 
 Frederick, 201, 588, 589(2) 
 642, 904, 905 
 
 Frederick Jr., 589 
 
 Fredrick Sr., 589 
 
 George, 205, 244, 642 
 
 George F., 350 
 
 George W. 642 
 
 Gerrett D. , 642 
 
 Henrietta J., 642 
 
 Isaac, 904, 905(2) 
 
 Jacob, 185 
 
 Jennie, 959 
 
 John, 905 
 
 Katie B. Shank, 687 
 
 Peter, 245 
 
 Priscllla, 905 
 
 Rachel, 642 
 
 Samuel, 244 
 
 Sarah, 642 
 
 Simon H., 342 
 
 Susan E. 642 
 
 William, 905 
 FOREST 
 
 J. W., 526 
 
 Jonathan, 582 
 
 Jonathan Rev. , 581 
 FORNEY 
 
 C. H. Rev. 499 
 Emanuel, 344 
 John, 609 
 John M. , 352 
 Marks, 956 
 Martha Ann, 956 
 Rosana Mrs., 658 
 
 FORREST 
 
 J. W. Rev. 613 
 FORSYTH 
 
 Hugh, 182 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 FORSYTH 
 
 John, 154, 573 
 
 John J., 341 
 FORTESCUE 
 
 Harry C, 345 
 FORTNER 
 
 H. B., 549 
 FORWARD 
 
 Ross, 421 
 FOSTER 
 
 Charles, 592 
 
 Henry, 553, 578 
 
 Hugh, 181, 592 
 
 John, 183 
 
 Sarah J., 938 
 
 William, 183, 239, 350 
 FOTTERAL 
 
 Laurence, 589 
 FOUKE 
 
 Agnes, 888 
 
 George S. Dr., 888 
 
 Josephine, 888 
 FOUIJ( 
 
 Geo. S., 642 
 FOUSE 
 
 Josephine K., 818 
 
 Samuel, 818 
 FOUST 
 
 George, 594 
 
 Uzzie J., 828 
 
 Philip, 565 
 
 Samuel, 828 
 FOUTZ 
 
 Charlie, 805 
 
 Ellen, 805 
 
 Qmia C, 905 
 
 Harry, 805 
 
 Henry, 905 
 
 Jacob, 805, 905 
 
 John, 805(2) 
 
 Laura M. , 905 
 
 Leah, 805 
 
 Lydia I., 905 
 
 Mary, 805(2), 905 
 
 Sarah, 905 
 
 Susanna, 805 
 FOX 
 
 George, 396 
 
 Peter, 589 
 FOY 
 
 John, 560 
 FRAIZERS 
 
 the, 746 
 FSAKER 
 
 Daniel, 346 
 FRANKINBERRY 
 
 William, 947 
 FRANKLIN 
 
 , 142, 708 
 
 ^77^66, 567 
 
 Adam, 346, 566 
 
 Benjamin, 402, 439, 932 
 
 Catherine, 833 
 
 George, 566 
 
 John, 833 
 
 Susan, 833 
 FRANTZ 
 
 Amos R., 940 
 
 Anna, 941 
 
 Anna H . , 940 
 
 FRANTZ, continued 
 
 B. Dr., 534 
 
 Benjamin, 291, 293 
 
 Benjamin Dr., 534(3), 
 928, 961 
 
 Benjamin S., 909 
 
 Catherine, 940 
 
 Charlotta, 930 
 
 Christian Rev. 940 
 
 G. H., 940 
 
 Ida, 940 
 
 J., 534(2) 
 
 J. P., 534 
 
 John, 940 
 
 John R., 941 
 
 Joseph, 293 
 
 Joseph Dr., 534(2) 
 
 Samuel, 531 
 FREDERICK 
 
 Christian, 435, 473 
 
 J. D., 440 
 
 John H., 346 
 
 Rebecca, 887 
 
 S. S., 434 
 FREDRICK 
 
 Adam, 589 
 
 Jacob, 589 
 FREE 
 
 Elizabeth, 927 
 
 Frederick, 927 
 
 George, 609 
 FREELAND 
 
 Joseph, 346 
 FREET 
 
 George L. , 345 
 FREEZE 
 
 Jacob, 855 
 FREHN 
 
 & Colomon Co., 821 
 
 David R., 226 
 FRELINGHUY 
 
 Sen. Theodore, 626 
 FREM(»IT 
 
 Mr., 760 
 
 John C, 737 
 FRENCH 
 
 A. E. 529(3) 
 
 Cyrus G., 420 
 
 J. B., 534 
 
 James B., 345 
 
 Mary A., 224 
 
 Mary Ann, 936 
 
 R. M.,'224 
 
 R. M. Dr., 936 
 
 Samantha, 936 
 
 Samuel, 580 
 
 Thomas D., 351, 352 
 FRENSLER 
 
 Sarah, 952 
 FREY 
 
 Mr., 254 
 
 Amos, 775 
 
 Anna, 775(4) 
 
 Christian, 774, 775(3) 
 
 Elizabeth, 774, 775 
 
 Elnora, 775 
 
 family, 775 
 
 Francis, 775 
 
 Fred. 472 
 
 Henry, 144 
 
 FREY continued 
 
 Jacob, 775(2) 
 
 Jesse R., 3'41 
 
 John, 769, 775(2) 
 
 John Mrs . , 775 
 
 Maria, 774, 775 
 
 Mary, 759, 775 
 
 P. D., 540, 567 
 
 P. Dock, 254 
 
 P. Dock i Co., 255 
 
 Peter, 574 
 
 Samuel, 775(2) 
 
 William A. , 340 
 FREYS 
 
 the, 315 
 FRICK 
 
 Dr., 174 
 
 A., 534 
 
 A. M. , 534 
 
 A. 0., 532, 940 
 
 Abraham, 940 
 
 Amos, 940 
 
 & Co., 440, 947, 950, 958, 
 962 
 
 Anna, 958 
 
 Annie, 940 
 
 Catharine, 940 
 
 Co., 964 
 
 Elizabeth,- 941 
 
 Ezra, 440, 940, 941 
 
 Franklin, 940 
 
 Frederica, 940(2), 941 
 
 Frederick, 940 
 
 George, 531, 532, 940(2), 
 941, 947, 950, 952 
 
 Jacob, 211, 947 
 
 John, 941 
 
 Kate, 941 
 
 Louisa, 941 
 
 Lydia P., 947 
 FRIDINGER 
 
 Mr., 462 
 FRIDLEY 
 
 Andrew, 589 
 
 Andrew, Jr., 589 
 
 John, 590 
 FRIEND 
 
 Theodore, 420 
 FRIES 
 
 Jacob, 520 
 
 Jacob H., 520 
 FRITZ 
 
 Dr., 534 
 
 Mr., 642 
 
 Mrs., 642 
 
 Alexander, 542 
 
 Catherine, 914 
 
 Clara 0., 888 
 
 Frederick, 542 
 
 H. M., 435 
 
 H. M. Dr., 888 
 
 Horace N., 293 
 
 Jacob, 578, 885 
 
 Jane, 885 
 
 Jennie, 885 
 
 Margaret , 542 
 
 Michael, 241 
 
 Virgie Blanche, 888 
 FROSH 
 
 Jacob, 512 
 
 -37- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 FRUSH 
 
 Jacob, 240 
 John, 578 
 FRY 
 
 Mr., 658 
 Alonzo, 453 
 Chris, 792 
 Elizabeth Mrs., 773 
 Henry, 242 
 
 Jacob, 244, 346, 792 
 Newman & Co., 658 
 Peter, 201, 573 
 FRYBERGER 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 FRYE 
 
 Alonzo P., 389 
 Boyd Co., 873 
 George H. , 552 
 J. Dallas, 351 
 John N., 352 
 Nicholas, 560 
 William, 209 
 FRYMIRE 
 
 Anna 0., 906 
 Elizabeth, 906 
 Fannie, 906 
 Henry, 905 
 Joseph, 905 
 Julia A., 905 
 William H., 906 
 FULLER 
 
 Abner N., 420 
 C. W., 481 
 David, 440 
 J. F., 481 
 John L. Hon., 934 
 Martha Jane, 934 
 Sarah N. Mrs., 922 
 Thomas E., 435 
 FULLERTON 
 Rev., 544 
 D., 206 
 
 David, 204, 206, 209, 
 244, 245, 392, 393, 
 545 
 Humphrey, 196, 199, 200, 
 
 274, 402, 560, 588 
 James , 244 
 Joanna, 545 
 John, 183 
 Loudon, 244 
 Matthew, 312 
 William, 588 
 FULLERTONS 
 the, 716 
 FULTON 
 Alex, 580 
 James, 597 
 Jennette, 559 
 Joseph, 244 
 Joseph R. , 353 
 Richard, 146 
 William, 540 
 FULWEILER 
 
 C. H., 202, 481, 553 
 FULWILER 
 
 C. H., 552 
 FULWILLER 
 
 C. H., 481 
 FUNCK 
 
 FUNCK continued 
 
 Josiah, 421 
 FUNK 
 
 Mr., 211 
 
 Aaron, 941 
 
 Alice, 941 
 
 Amanda E., 888 
 
 Amanda C, 965 
 
 Amos, 941 
 
 Anna, 727, 941, 944(2) 
 
 Anna Belle, 942 
 
 Anna Eliza, 656 
 
 Anna L., 968 
 
 Annie D. , 889 
 
 Arthur, 889 
 
 B. F., 211, 539 
 
 Carrie E., 889 
 
 Catherine, 941, 942 
 
 Charles A., 350 
 
 Charles M., 941, 942(2) 
 
 Charles Roy, 942 
 
 Charles S., 889 
 
 Christeann, 889 
 
 Christian, 941 
 
 Clarence R. , 889 
 
 Cora C, 942 
 
 D. M., 435, 441, 479, 
 504 
 
 Edgar A., 889 
 
 Elizabeth, 941(2), 942 
 
 Elsie, 939 
 
 Estella M., 889 
 
 Fred. 534 
 
 Gertrude, 941 
 
 H. C, 211 
 
 Harriet, 888 
 
 Harvey E., 889 
 
 Henry, 346, 394, 941(2) 
 
 Henry W. , 965, 968 
 
 Ida, 941 
 
 Ida Blanche, 942 
 
 Jacob, 534, 888, 889 
 
 Jacob S., 942 
 
 John, 346, 535, 589, 
 612, 613, 888, 941(2) 
 943 
 
 John Rev., 535 
 
 Kate, 941 
 
 Liyian M., 942 
 
 Maria, 943 
 
 Martha S., 939 
 
 Martin S., 435, 942 
 
 Maud, 941 
 
 Mauda, 389 
 
 Minnie B., 942 
 
 Nancy, 941 
 
 Samuel, 656, 888 
 
 Susan, 941 
 
 Tobias, 204 
 
 Upton, 435, 888 
 FDNKHOUSER 
 
 Lydia, 679 
 FURLEY 
 
 Benjamin, 149, 594 
 
 John, 243 
 Samuel K., 340 
 FURMOIL 
 
 James, 179 
 FURRY 
 
 Mr., 520 
 
 -38- 
 
 FURRY continued 
 John, 795 
 Mary E., 795 
 FUSS 
 
 Mr., 712, 713 
 & Stickell, 712 
 Annie E., 712 
 Catherine, 712 
 Charles W. , 713 
 E. W. & Son, 440 
 Eli, 225, 552(2) 
 Eli W., 712 
 Ekona, 713 
 Ebma R., 713 
 Ethel May, 713 
 Ida Belle, 713 
 John Calvin, 712, 713 
 Joseph, 712 
 Leila Ruth, 713 
 Mary E. , 712 
 Myra Belle, 713 
 Nancy, 712 
 Sarah Ellen. 713 
 GABBY 
 
 Archibald, 464 
 Robert, 584 
 Samuel, 597 
 William B., 266, 305 
 GABEL 
 
 Catherine, 819 
 GABIE 
 
 Robert, 154 
 GABLE 
 
 Abraham, 151, 556(2) 
 J. M. , 266 
 
 Michael, 202, 459(2),- 556 
 Richard, 556(2) 
 GABLER 
 
 Joseph, 342 
 Solomon, 346 
 GABRIAL 
 Jacob, 153 
 Abraham-, 153, 560 
 Richard, 561, 591 
 GABRIELS 
 
 , 145 
 
 GATP 
 
 Mr., 309 
 Benjamin S., 345 
 H. R., 551, 552(3), 726 
 Hugih, 560 
 J. R., 421 
 John, 239, 244, 589 
 John R. Rev., 260 
 Leonard, 243 
 GAGE 
 
 Gen., 175 
 GAILEY 
 
 James, 223 
 GALADY 
 
 Joseph, 170 
 GALAWAY 
 
 James , 155 , 568 
 John, 154 
 GALBRAITH 
 James, 580 
 Mary, 921 
 William, 600 
 GALBREATH 
 
 James, 152, 155, 568 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 GALBREATH continued 
 
 Samuel, 596 
 GALITZAN 
 
 Rev., 496 
 GALLADAY 
 
 Jacob, 560, 561 
 GALLADY 
 
 Joseph, 556 
 GALLAGHER 
 
 Jack, 504 
 
 Peter, 244 
 
 Thomas , 434 
 
 William, 244 
 GALLAHER 
 
 Michael, 420 
 
 m., 580 
 GALLATIN 
 
 Albert, 405 
 GALLERY 
 
 George, 161 
 GALLIHER 
 
 Carol Lieut., 354 
 GALLOWAY 
 
 George, 152, 610 
 GALLWAY 
 
 Elizabeth, 163 
 GALOCHER 
 
 Hu^, 153 
 
 Lorance , 153 
 GALVIN 
 
 Jeremiah, 274, 584, 585 
 GAMBLE 
 
 Calvin I., 346 
 
 Elizabeth, 834 
 
 Finley, 743 
 
 Franklin, 351, 352 
 
 Ullle F., 743 
 
 Mary J., 741 
 
 Michael, 834 
 
 Paulina T., 834 
 
 Samuel, 579(2), 580 
 
 Oliver J., 341 
 
 Thomas, 550 
 
 William, 206 
 GAMMEL 
 
 , 550 
 
 GAUE 
 
 W. v., 549 
 GANOE 
 
 M. L., 492 
 GANSHORN 
 
 Matthias, 169 
 GANSINGER 
 
 Abraham, 560, 561 
 GANT 
 
 John, 585 
 GANTZ 
 
 John, 589 
 GABBER 
 
 & Feterhoof , 650 
 
 Joseph Rev., 535 
 GARDINER 
 
 James, 422 
 GARDNER 
 
 Francis, 184, 578 
 
 James, 152, 183, 568, 
 591 
 
 L. M., 525 
 
 Leonard M. , 609 
 
 Philip L. , 351, 352 
 
 GASFIELO 
 
 (President), 285 
 GARISON 
 
 (widow), 155, 568 
 GARLANT 
 
 James , 183 
 GARLIN 
 
 George, 203, 496 
 
 George Jr., 203 
 GARLINGER 
 
 B. H., 534 
 GASMAN 
 
 Philip C, 349 
 
 Samuel Sr., 551 
 GARNER 
 
 Henry, 243 
 
 John, 239, 244 
 GARRESENE 
 
 Jacob, 239 
 GARRISON 
 
 , 334 
 
 Ann E., 740 
 
 William, 740 
 GARRY 
 
 Michael M., 292 
 GASVEN 
 
 John, 184 
 GARVER 
 
 Mr., 445 
 
 Alice, 776 
 
 Austin S. Rev., 775 
 
 Barbara, 957 
 
 Benjamin, 957 
 
 Charles, 292, 776(2), 
 941 
 
 Daniel, 775 
 
 David, 775 
 
 Elizabeth, 775, 941, 957 
 
 Ebma, 776 
 
 family, 775 
 
 Henry, 444 
 
 Jacob, 210, 265, 266, 
 764, 775 
 
 James , 243 
 
 John, 775 
 
 John A., 776 
 
 M. M. Prof., 951 
 
 Margaret, 775 
 
 Martin, 775 
 
 Nancy, 790 
 
 Rose, 951 
 
 S., 599 
 
 Samuel, 434, 775(2) 
 
 Sarah, 775, 776 
 
 Susan, 764, 941 
 
 T. F., 421 
 
 Theodore F., 776(2) 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 GASS 
 
 Benjamin, 152, 154, 312, 
 573, 577 
 
 William, 312, 483, 573(2) 
 574 
 GAST 
 
 F. A. Rev., 570 
 GASTER 
 
 Peter, 239 
 GASTON 
 
 Alex W., 346 
 
 James, 566 
 
 GASTON continued 
 
 John, 154 
 
 William, 565 
 GATES 
 
 John, 552(2) 
 GAUTER 
 
 Henry, 242 
 GAUTH 
 
 John, 587 
 GAY 
 
 John, 560 
 GAZETTE 
 
 Peter, 573 
 GEARHART 
 
 E. V. Rev., 602 
 
 Frederick, 244 
 
 John, 544 
 
 Margaret, 544 
 
 Nannie, 732 
 GEARY 
 
 Gov., 681, 827 
 
 Edward Rev., 850 
 
 John W. Hon., 503 
 
 John White, 850 
 GEDDES 
 
 Catherine, 825, 826 
 
 Charles King, 826 
 
 Eleanor, 826 
 
 Jno. Dr., 825, 826 
 
 Jno. Peebles Dr., 826 
 
 Laura C, 826 
 
 Paul, 607 
 
 Sarah, 826 
 
 W. N. Rev., 540 
 
 William, 240, 606, 826 
 
 Williamson Nevin Rev., 826 
 GEDDIS 
 
 Margaret, 838 
 
 Thomas, 245 
 GEER 
 
 Mary J., 935 
 
 William, 935 
 GEETING 
 
 Barbara, 765 
 
 George A. , Rev. 765 
 GEHR 
 
 Mr., 460 
 
 D. 0., 210, 389, 411, 664 
 
 D. 0. Col. 633 
 
 D. 0. Mr., 233, 406 
 
 Daniel, 350, 669 
 
 Daniel 0., 224 
 
 H., 256, 390 
 
 Hastings, 395, 421, 476 
 
 Louisa, 717 
 GEIB 
 
 Elizabeth, 803 
 GEIGER 
 
 Henry, 241 
 GEISER 
 
 Daniel, 532(2), 533 
 
 John, 942 
 
 Martin, 535 
 
 Mary, 942, 943, 946 
 
 Peter, 942, 946 
 
 Price & Co., 947, 954 
 
 William D., 422 
 GELBACH 
 
 Elizabeth J., 958 
 GELBY 
 
 -39- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 GELBY continued 
 
 George , 544 
 GEU 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 GELLER 
 
 Michael, 546 
 GELSINGERS 
 
 the, 445 
 GELSTON 
 
 Samuel, 311 
 GELVIN 
 
 John, 412 
 GELWICKS 
 
 Mr., 912 
 
 Carrie M., 906 
 
 Charles, 212 
 
 Clara, 899, 906, 915 
 
 Clyde R., 906 
 
 Cyrus C, 229 
 
 D. B., 472 
 
 Eliza, 915 
 
 Ennia V. , 906 
 
 Frederick, 610, 906 
 
 Henry C, 223 
 
 John, 242, 899, 906, 
 915 
 
 John F., 906 
 
 Louisa, 899 
 
 Nellie v., 906 
 
 Sabrleht, 346 
 
 Samuel, 482 
 
 William, 205 
 GELWIX 
 
 Mr., 309 
 
 C. A. Rev,, 595 
 
 Frederick, 777 
 
 J. M, 291(2), 292, 299 
 
 J. M. Dr., 435 
 
 James M. ,293 
 
 Mary, 777 
 
 Sami., 214, 299, 310, 
 479, 586 
 GEORGE 
 
 Adam, 576, 798 
 
 Adam Mrs., 576 
 
 Anna Mary, 798 
 
 Benjamin R., 798 
 
 Christopher, 576, 798 
 
 Christopher Mrs . , 576 
 
 Edward Benjamin, 798 
 
 Elizabeth, 576, 798 
 
 Frederick, 552, 798 
 
 Hannah, 798 
 
 Hannah Jane, 798 
 
 Henry, 798<3) 
 
 Hiram, 793 
 
 J. chambers, 798 
 
 Jacob, 242, 798 
 
 Jacob F., 798 
 
 Jacob Martin, 798, 799 
 
 Jane, 798 
 
 Jeremiah W., 798(2), 799 
 
 John, 798 
 
 Louisa, 798 
 
 Lucy, 798 
 
 Magdalene, 576, 798 
 
 Margaret, 798 
 
 Mary J., 798 
 
 Matthias, 313, 575, 798 
 
 Matthias Gift., 799 
 
 GEORGE continued 
 
 Nannie, 798 
 
 Peter, 798 
 
 Riihumah R., 798 
 
 S, C. Rev., 587, 611 
 
 Sallle Madeira, 798 
 
 Samuel, 798 
 
 William, 182, 798 
 GERARD 
 
 , 546 
 
 GEBHC 
 
 J. C, 469, 481 
 
 John C, 470, 472, 481(2) 
 GERE 
 
 John A., 582 
 GERHARDT 
 
 Barbara Ellen, 879 
 
 Jackson, 879 
 GERHART 
 
 Bnanuel V. Rev., 576 
 GERHIG 
 
 John, 266 
 GERNAND 
 
 Rosanna, 957 
 GERRICK 
 
 Nancy, 924 
 GERTEMAN 
 
 Rev., 495 
 GESS 
 
 GES5EIMAM 
 
 Joseph, 771 
 
 Susannah, 771 
 GETOTE 
 
 Margaret, 799 
 GETRICH 
 
 Mos es, 241 
 
 GBrrys 
 
 George, 244 
 
 James, 244, 659 
 
 Mary, 659 
 6EYER 
 
 Mr., 821 
 
 Alice v., 820 
 
 & Miller Company, 821 
 
 Anna B,, 820 
 
 Annie R., 514 
 
 Catharine, 683 
 
 David, 820 
 
 George, 820, 821 
 
 George W., 820 
 
 Ida M., 820 
 
 Jacob, 519, 520, 521, 
 522 
 
 Jacob A., 820 
 
 James F., 226, 820(2) 
 
 Jennette C, 820 
 
 John, 820 
 
 Leah, 820 
 
 Llllle, 820 
 GEZERMAN 
 
 Magdelan, 831 
 GIBBONS 
 
 Mr. Sr., 462 
 
 Charles, 462 
 
 John S . , 609 
 GIBBS 
 
 Eveline, 653 
 
 Eveline S., 652, 653 
 
 H ugh. 574 
 
 GIBBS continued 
 
 J. F., 481(2) 
 
 Moses, 596 
 
 William, 182, 183, 580 
 GIBHART 
 
 Henry, 589 
 GIBSON 
 
 Col., 735 
 
 Mr., 300 
 
 Andrew, 556 
 
 Charles, 184 
 
 Daniel, 183 
 
 George, 151, 556 
 
 James, 561, 579', 58&, 585 
 
 John, 560(2), 597 
 
 Robt., 560 
 
 William, 585, 588 
 GIDDINGS 
 
 ™-™' ^^ 
 
 GlESEMAH 
 
 John, 576 
 
 John Mrs., 576 
 GIESEMAHS 
 
 the, 575 
 GIFFIN 
 
 Samuel C, 340 
 GIFFORD 
 
 Isaac, 580 
 GIFT 
 
 Adam, 574, 678 
 
 Andrew J., 535 
 
 Catherine, 576 
 
 George, 575, 576 
 
 George Mrs., 576 
 
 Jere, 240 
 
 Margaret, 798 
 
 Mathias, 574 
 
 Matthias, 575, 576 
 GILASPY 
 
 Ruben, 585 
 
 Samuel, 592 
 GILBERT 
 
 Mr., 520 
 
 Anna Rebecca, 883 
 
 Calvin, 266(2), 481(2) 
 
 Calvin Capt., 355 
 
 David Dr., 777 
 
 Eckel & Herman, 649 
 
 Frederick, 494, 349 
 
 George, 494 
 
 H. S., 266, 441, 476, 482 
 
 Henry S., 433, 502 
 
 John, 214 
 
 Joseph, 229 
 
 Richard Sir, 262. 
 
 Susannah, 639 
 
 William, 883 
 GILDERSLEEVE 
 
 William, 179 
 GILES 
 
 D. M. Rev., 570 
 GILESFIE 
 
 Samuel, 155, 568 
 GIliCEY 
 
 Thomas, 594 
 GILL 
 
 A. J., 609 
 
 George B., 322 
 GILLAN 
 
 Mr., 643(2) 
 
 -40- 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 GILLAN 
 
 Abigail, 643 
 
 & Klndllne, 648 
 
 Arthur, 643 . 
 
 Belle M., 914 
 
 Charles, 226, 266, 900 
 
 J. B., 389 
 
 James B, & Co. , 648 
 
 James S., 246 
 
 John, 642 
 
 John Jr., 211 
 
 John A., 226 
 
 Lucy M. Winger, 643 
 
 M., 211 
 
 Mabel, 643 
 
 Margaret, 542 
 
 Martha, 904 
 
 Matthew, 335 
 
 Ruth, 643 
 
 Samuel H., 611 
 
 Sarah, 916 
 
 Thomas, 611 
 
 W. Rush, 202, 422, 502, 
 642 
 
 William, 611, 916 
 
 William M. , 209 
 GILLAND 
 
 Mr., 643 
 
 A. R. Mrs., 643 
 
 Edgar R., 643 
 
 J. C, 292(2) 
 
 Jane, 713 
 
 John C, 292 
 
 John C. Dr., 713 
 
 Martha M. , 713 
 
 Mary Belle, 713 
 
 Susan, 643, 713 
 
 T. R., 435, 481, 504 
 
 Thomas, 643, 713 
 
 Thomab Henry, 713 
 
 Thomas R., 349, 422, 643 
 GILLASPY 
 
 William, 463 
 GILLELAN 
 
 J.D.W., 421 
 GILLELAND 
 
 James , 585 
 
 Mathew, 588 
 GILLEN 
 
 William L., 229 
 
 Elizabeth, 793 
 
 John, 793 
 GILLESPIE 
 
 Elenor, 853 
 
 F. S., 481 
 
 Harry, 481 
 
 James , 853 
 
 Jane, 853, 854 
 
 Reuben, 152, 597, 598 
 GILLESPY 
 
 John, 242 
 GILLET 
 
 Samuel, 598 
 GILLILAND 
 
 F. M., 309 
 
 J. C, 546 
 
 John, 464 
 GILLIN 
 
 W. Rush, 871 
 GILLIS 
 
 GILLIS continued 
 
 John, 592 
 GILLMORE 
 
 John, 568 
 GILMOR 
 
 John, 206 
 
 William, 230 
 GIIMORE 
 
 Mr., 644(3) 
 
 B. F., 435, 440, 472, 
 482, 534, 644(2) 
 
 B. Frank, 433, 643 
 
 Harry, 384 
 
 Harry M. , 643 
 
 John, 155, 219, 223(2), 
 239, 326 
 
 John M., 476, 486 
 
 Laura E. Black, 643 
 
 Robert, 229 
 
 S., 266 
 
 Samuel, 230, 265, 395 
 
 W. B., 389, 469, 470 
 
 W. B. Mrs., 663 
 
 W. Blair, 484 
 
 William, 202, 224, 643 
 GILSON 
 
 Henry, 163 
 GILWICKS 
 
 John, 239 
 GIMMELL 
 
 Catharine, 687 
 GINGRICH 
 
 Aaron B., 292 
 GINGERICH 
 
 George Dr., 535 
 GINGRICH 
 
 A. B. Dr., 889 
 
 Anna, 889 
 
 Christian, 889 
 
 David C, 889 
 
 family, 889 
 
 John S., 889 
 
 Mamie B., 889 
 
 Mary A., 889 
 
 Peter, 889 
 GINLEY 
 
 George, 154 
 GIPE 
 
 Eliza, 909 
 GIRDEN 
 
 Henry, 182 
 GIRMEREN 
 
 James , ' 240 
 GISH 
 
 David, 672 
 
 Mary A., 672 
 GITT 
 
 Elizabeth Mrs., 765 
 GIVEN 
 
 James , 335 
 GIVENS 
 
 Andrew, 223 
 GLASER 
 
 Adam, 875(2) 
 
 Anna, 875 
 
 Anna Belle, 875 
 
 Catharine, 875(2) 
 
 Charles B., 875 
 
 Cora E., 875 
 
 Daniel, 875 
 
 GLASER continued 
 
 David Rush, 875 
 
 Elizabeth R., 875 
 
 Etooa R., 875 
 
 Henrietta, 875 
 
 Mary C, 875 
 
 Mary E., 875 
 
 Sarah, 552 
 
 Sarah E., 875 
 GLASS 
 
 George, 350, 598 
 
 Hannah, 598 
 
 S. E., 472 
 
 Samuel, 471 
 
 William, 243 
 GLAZE 
 
 George, 241 
 
 John, 243 
 GLAZER 
 
 Daniel, 880 
 
 Mary, 880 
 GLEE 
 
 Mr., 356 
 
 Catharine, 875(2) 
 GLEEN 
 
 Elizabeth, 758 
 
 Hannah, 758 
 
 Jane, 758 
 GLEIM 
 
 Anna Maria, 826 
 GLEN 
 
 James, 578 
 GLENN 
 
 Gabriel, 580 
 
 James, 131, 568 
 
 John, 223 
 GLESSNER 
 
 Rev., 591, 613 
 
 G. W. Rev., 536, 858 
 
 George W. Rev., 591, 613, 
 934 
 
 John, 654 
 
 Mary, 654, 934 
 GLOSSBRENNER 
 
 Peter, 236, 462 
 GLOSSER 
 
 Frederick, 494 
 
 Jacob, 242, 494 
 GLOUSE 
 
 Jacob, 182 
 GLUCK 
 
 Henry, 570 
 GOACHENAUER 
 
 Qmia, 833 
 
 John, 833 
 GOERNER 
 
 Mr., 644 
 
 Charles, 644 
 
 Ida, 644 
 
 Paul, 644 
 GOETTMAN 
 
 George, 453 
 
 John W., 421 
 GOETZ 
 
 Alice, 545 
 
 John, 475, 552(3) 
 GOHEEN 
 
 M., 525 
 GOLDSMITH 
 
 David, 776 
 
 -41- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 GOLDSMITH continued 
 
 Samuel, 464 
 
 Sarah, 776 
 GOLLWAY 
 
 William Mrs. 163 
 GOLLY 
 
 Abram Rev. , 535 
 GOLTMAN 
 
 Thomas, 571 
 GONDER 
 
 Samuel, 229 
 
 William H., 341 
 GONS 
 
 Jacob, 592 
 GONTZ 
 
 Catharine Mrs., 790 
 GOOD 
 
 A. W. , 435 
 
 Aaron B., 889 
 
 & Hoeflich Co., 946 
 
 Anna B., 944 
 
 Barbara, 943 
 
 Catharine, 889 
 
 Christeann, 889 
 
 Christian, 889, 943(2), 
 944 
 
 Christian Sr., 889 
 
 Christian Jr., 943, 944 
 
 Christian W. , 229, 889 
 
 Christiana, 801 
 
 D. F. Rev., 535 
 
 D. M. , 946, 956 
 
 Daniel F., 944 
 
 Daniel F. Rev., 889 
 
 David M., 889, 928, 944 
 
 Elizabeth, 889, 943 
 
 family, 943 
 
 G. H., 481 
 
 George Adam, 890 
 
 Henry, 205, 531, 801, 
 889(2), 944 
 
 Henry A., 889 
 
 J. Omar, 944 
 
 Jacob, 592 
 
 Jacob F., 226, 944(2) 
 
 Jacob S., 205, 889, 943, 
 944 
 
 Joseph, 239 
 
 Maria, 943 
 
 Mary, 889, 944 
 
 Mary K., 928, 944 
 
 0. W., 943(2), 944(2) 
 
 Oscar W. , 226 
 
 Peter, 592 
 
 Robert Elder, 944 
 
 Sarah, 889, 944, 967 
 
 Susan E. , 889 
 GOODRICH 
 
 Louisa, 858 
 GOODSELL 
 
 Abby F., 504 
 "Goodwill, "James" 
 
 (Ship), 949(2), 961 
 GOODWIN 
 
 Eliza C, 683 
 GOODYEAR 
 
 Benjamin K. , 421 
 GOOSEHEAD 
 
 Felty, 574 
 
 Philip, 574 
 
 GOOSLEY 
 
 George, 352 
 GORDON 
 
 Capt., 240 
 
 Gen., 709 
 
 A., 563 
 
 Alex, 181, 560 
 
 D. F., 540 
 
 David R., 351 
 
 Edward, 244 
 
 Eliza J., 890 
 
 Gabriel, 585 
 
 George, 153, 182, 560 
 
 George F., 890 
 
 Hans, 531(3), 890, 962 
 
 Henry, 556(2), 560 
 
 Henry A., 890 
 
 Hugh F., 342, 351 
 
 J. Smith Rev. , 607 
 
 James, 584 
 
 James H., 621 
 
 James Harvey, 889, 890 
 
 John, 555 
 
 John B., 890 
 
 John B. Dr., 890 
 
 Josiah, 241 
 
 Juliana, 890 
 
 Juliann, 621 
 
 Marion E., 890 
 
 Martha, 962 
 
 Mary, 541, 675, 891, 
 
 938 
 Matilda, 890 
 Michael, 546 
 Nannie, 552 
 Robert, 244, 592 
 Samuel, 890 
 
 Samuel Capt., 240, 241 
 Thomas, 552 
 William, 239 
 Gordons, 563 
 GORE. 
 
 Annie, 826 
 Fisk, 826 
 GOSHOM 
 
 John, 224 
 GOSHORNE 
 
 J. W. C, 260 
 GOSNOLD 
 
 Mr., 262 
 GOTTMAN 
 
 John, 491 
 GOTWALD 
 
 L. A. Rev., 491 
 GOWAN 
 
 George M. , 351 
 GOYER 
 
 family, 751 
 John, 751(2) 
 Martin, 751 
 Mary, 751 
 GOZAT 
 
 Peter, 573 
 GRABILL 
 
 Sgt., 381 
 GRABLE 
 
 Barbara, 766 
 GRABRIEL 
 
 C. Mrs., 546 
 GRACY 
 
 -42- 
 
 GRACY continued 
 
 Rev., 583 
 GRAHAM 
 
 , 578 
 
 Col., 156 
 
 Alda E., 870 
 
 Arthur, 154 
 
 Cambridge, 582 
 
 Catherine, 927 
 
 Eliza C, 825 
 
 Francis Jr. , 565 
 
 George, 927 
 
 Gilbert, 578 
 
 John, 154, 241, 825 
 
 John K. , 870 
 
 Leonard, 608 
 
 William, 182 
 
 Joseph, 578 
 GRANT 
 
 Capt., 175 
 
 Gen., 623, 638, 764, 903, 
 907, 967 
 
 Mr., 654, 709 
 
 Charles Leiut., 174 
 GRAVES 
 
 Annie, 8S7 
 Banner, 529, 587(3) 
 Bert, 857 
 Clara, 857 
 Denton, 857 
 Dick, 857 
 Elizabeth, 857 
 George S., 857 
 Harry, 857 
 Jacob Russel, 857 
 Jacob Russel, 857 
 John, 857 
 Joseph, 857 
 Mac, 857 
 Mamie R., 857 
 Mary, 857 
 Mary J., 857 
 Saniuel,- 857 
 GRAWL 
 
 Levi J., 351, 352 
 GRAY 
 
 Col., 339 
 Catherine, 751 
 George Rev., 759 
 John, 580, 585 
 Robert, 578 
 GRAYBILL 
 
 Mary, 918 
 GRAYSON 
 
 John H., 223 
 GREELEY 
 
 , 334 
 
 Horace, 265, 715, 948 
 GREELEY'S 
 
 , 146 
 
 GREER 
 
 Lieut., 323 
 
 Anna Maria, 938 
 Ashbel, 500 
 
 John M. , 525(3), 582, 609 
 Manthaniel, 592 
 Peter, 938 
 Samuel, 244 
 GREENWALD 
 Moses, 620 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 GREENAWALT 
 
 Mr., 389 
 
 D. B., 435 
 
 Daniel B., 351 
 
 David, 344 
 
 David B. , 342 
 
 Davidson, 434 
 
 Emma R., 875 
 
 Emma S., 873 
 
 Godfrey, 493, 641 
 
 H. C, 266, 395 
 
 Henry, 243, 325 
 
 Henry Maj., 472 
 
 Jacob, 225, 875 
 
 John, 571, 873 
 
 M., 389 
 
 S. F., 202, 389 
 
 Samuel, 436, 441 
 
 Samuel F. Capt. 355 
 
 Susan, 873 
 GREENE 
 
 323 
 
 Cen., 284, 441, 597 
 
 Shilds, 323 
 GREENEWALT 
 
 Capt., 777 
 
 Anna C. , 77/ 
 
 Carrie Bell, 777 
 
 Charlotte E., 776 
 
 D. B., 604 
 
 D. B. Capt., 776 
 
 David, 776(2) 
 
 David B., 776(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 776 
 
 Frank L. , 776 
 
 Frank Lindsay, 776 
 
 George W., 7/7 
 
 H. C, 776 
 
 H. C. Hon, 776 
 
 Harry L. , 776 
 
 Harry Lee, 776 
 
 Henry C, 776 
 
 Jane, 776 
 
 John, 776(2) 
 
 John C, 776 
 
 John Crawford, 776 
 
 Laura, 776 
 
 Lottie M. , 777 
 
 Margaret Block, 776 
 
 Martha L., 776 
 
 Milton H., 777 
 
 Nannie Crawford, 776 
 GREENFIELD 
 
 Hugh, 203, 211, 236, 
 462 
 
 John, 462 
 GREENLEE 
 
 Catherine, 822 
 
 family, 822 
 
 William, 154 
 GREENLY 
 
 John, 241 
 GREENWALD 
 
 John, 520 
 GREENWALT 
 
 Henry, 596 
 GREENWOOD 
 
 Mr., 386 
 GREER 
 
 J. M., 529 
 
 GREER continued 
 
 John, 560 
 
 William M. , 420 
 GREGG 
 
 Gen., 352, 380, 382 
 
 Andrew, 720 
 
 Andrew G. , 720 
 
 James, 223 
 
 John Irving Col., 349 
 
 Mary, 545, 720 
 
 Matthew, 276 
 
 Robert, 182 
 GREGORY 
 
 Mark, 578 
 GRENAWALT 
 
 Godfrey, 462 
 GRESANAM 
 
 Anie E., 229 
 GRESSLEY 
 
 Anthony, 341 
 
 George, 341 
 GRICE 
 
 George, 463 
 
 William, 239 
 GRIEL 
 
 Elizabeth, 576 
 GRIER 
 
 Capt., 180 
 
 Chief Justice, 826 
 
 Alice S. Senseny, 686 
 
 Bros., 496 
 
 Calvin S., 926 
 
 Chauncey Mc, 926 
 
 Crawford C, 926 
 
 Elsie N., 926 
 
 Isaac, 154, 236, 243, 
 594 
 
 Isaac, Sr., 594 
 
 J. Smith, 203, 212 
 
 James, 179 
 
 John, 154 
 
 John Dr . , 606 
 
 John D., 686 
 
 John L., 203, 395, 484 
 
 Josiah, 926 
 
 Josiah M. , 926 
 
 M. J., 435 
 
 Martha E. , 926 
 
 Mary, 926 
 
 Mary M. , 926 
 
 Michael M. , 926 
 
 Solomon Mc, 926 
 
 Thomas, 154, 594, 598 
 
 the., 598 
 GRIFFITH 
 
 Anna M. Mrs., 926 
 GRIGG 
 
 John, 231 
 GRIM 
 
 Anthnoy Rev., 614 
 
 Philip, 239 
 
 W. A., 526 
 
 W. A. Rev., 570 
 GRIMES 
 
 Mr., 564 
 
 A., 565 
 
 Archibald, 588 
 
 Francis, 565(2) 
 
 John, 223, 565 
 
 Joseph, 249 
 
 -43- 
 
 GRIMES 
 
 William, 153 
 GRIMM 
 
 Rev., 571 
 GRINDLE 
 
 John, 560 
 GRINER 
 
 Sophia Mrs . , 764 
 GRl SINGER 
 
 Hugh, 596 
 GROESSKUP 
 
 Catharine, 687 
 GROFF 
 
 Mary, 764 
 GROG AN 
 
 Thomas , 153 
 GROH 
 
 Michael, 780 
 
 Nancy, 780 
 GROIN 
 
 Robert, 161 
 GROSCOPE 
 
 Jacob, 239 
 GROSH 
 
 Christian, 314 
 GROSS 
 
 Andrew B. , 226 
 
 John, 464 
 
 John Sr., 462 
 
 Martin, 464 
 GROSSMAN 
 
 Michael, 546 
 GROTE 
 
 M. C, 259 
 GROVE 
 
 Aaron B., 293 
 
 Abraham, 551, 585(2), 819 
 
 Abram, 828 
 
 Alexander, 324, 644(2) 
 
 & Delhi Co., 907 
 
 Anna M. , 909 
 
 Catherina, 765 
 
 Catherine, 651, 811, 819 
 
 Catherine D. , 907 
 
 Charles, 907 
 
 Christian, 455, 465 
 
 Chrlstly, 585 
 
 Clarence E., 806 
 
 Elizabeth, 645, 819 
 
 Elizabeth Erskin, 852 
 
 Floyd, 907 
 
 G. A., 472 
 
 George, 585 
 
 George F., 225 
 
 George L. , 906, 907 
 
 George W. , 645 
 
 Hannah, 828, 831 
 
 Henry, 563 
 
 J. P., 435 
 
 Jacob, 243, 463 
 
 John, 230, 321, 645(2), 
 723, 805(2), 906 
 
 John A., 641, 805 
 
 Luella, 806 
 
 Maggie G. , 226 
 
 Margaret, 645, 805, 906 
 
 Mary, 644, 723 
 
 Mary Ann, 645(2) 
 
 Mary L. , 907 
 
 N. P., 266(2), 3§9 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 GROVE, continued 
 
 N. Pears e, 644 
 
 Pearl, 907 
 
 Sarah J. , 698 
 
 Thomas Clarkson, 852 
 
 Verba E. , 806 
 
 W. F., 536 
 
 William, 243, 46J, 644 
 GROVES 
 
 Abraham, 830 
 
 Hannah, 830 
 GROWDEN 
 
 Lawrence, 402 
 GRUB 
 
 Christinia, 589 
 
 Joseph, 522 
 GRUBB 
 
 Dr., 802 
 
 Elizabeth, 690 
 
 Joseph, 206, 561 
 
 Prudence , 664 
 
 Thomas, 243, 664 
 
 W. 0., 556 
 
 William, 291, 546 
 
 William Dr., 172, 546, 
 713, 725, 854, 963 
 
 the, 543 
 GRUBE 
 
 Catherine Mrs,, 767 
 
 Frank, 344 
 GRUBER 
 
 Adam, 481(2) 
 
 Elias, 751 
 
 Hannah, 902 
 
 Isabella, 761 
 
 J. Rev., 539 
 
 Jacob, 492 
 GRUEL 
 
 C. M. Miss, 633 
 
 Jacob, 633 
 GRUMBINE 
 
 John J. , 535 
 GRUNER 
 
 Benjamin, 808 
 
 Margaret, 808 
 GRUVER 
 
 Benjamin, 211 
 
 Henry, 585 
 GSELL 
 
 John, 315 
 GUDTNER 
 
 Jacob, 239 
 GUESEN 
 
 William, 155, 569 
 GUEST 
 
 Jacob, 492 
 GUETHING 
 
 George A. Rev. , 314 
 GUIN 
 
 John, 592 
 
 William, 181 
 GUINEA 
 
 Hugh, 244 
 GUINEA 
 
 Robert, 244 
 GUINN 
 
 Patrick, 183 
 
 W. R., 609 
 GUINNEA 
 
 Robbin, 552 
 
 GUITNER 
 
 Catharine, 845 
 GULDIN 
 
 John C. Rev. 576 
 
 Jonathan Rev. , 613 
 GULL 
 
 Balsor, 592 
 GULP 
 
 Nicholas, 153 
 GUNDLACH 
 
 C. Rev., 494 
 GURNS 
 
 Mary, 696 
 GURSHURT 
 
 Julia Ann, 709 
 GUSSMAN 
 
 G., 567 
 GUTH 
 
 Abraham, 943 
 
 Barbara, 943 
 
 Christian, 943(2) 
 
 Christian Jr. , 943 
 
 David, 943 
 
 Elizabeth, 943 
 
 family, 943 
 
 Jacob, 943 
 
 John, 943 
 
 Nancy, 943 
 
 Peter, 943 
 GUTHRIE 
 
 David, 577 
 
 J. B., 206 
 
 James, 161 
 
 John, 600 
 
 W. D., 205, 694 
 
 William, 154, 223, 600 
 
 William B. , 226 
 
 William D., 502 
 GUY 
 
 Matthew, 829 
 
 Sarah A., 829 
 GUYER 
 
 John, 492 
 
 William, 856 
 
 Gwra 
 
 Will., 580 
 GYLES 
 
 John, 153 
 HACKET 
 
 John, 578 
 HACKETT 
 
 John, 588 
 HACKMAN 
 
 Michael, 464 
 
 Philip, 791 
 
 Susan, 791 
 HADDON 
 
 Bartholamy, 574 
 HADE 
 
 Ann Maria, 713 
 
 Catherine, 714 
 
 Daniel B., 229 
 
 David, 714 
 
 Emanuel, 204, 714 
 
 family, 713, 714 
 
 Hannah, 714(2) 
 
 J. frank, 714 
 
 Jacob, 714 
 
 Jane H., 714 
 
 John, 713, 714(2) 
 
 -44- 
 
 HADE continued 
 
 John Mrs., 713 
 
 John P., 714 
 
 Joseph, 714, 799 
 
 Margaret E., 714 
 
 Mary, 714 
 
 Sarah E. , 799 
 
 William, 714 
 HAFER 
 
 Abraham, 441 
 
 Mary A., 832 
 
 Willis, 832 
 HAGAN 
 
 Henry, 580 
 HAGE 
 
 Jacob W. , 909 
 
 Won., 609 
 HAG EN 
 
 Bridget, 402 
 HAGER 
 
 D. S., 205 
 David, 553 
 David R., 352 
 
 HAGERMAN 
 Aaron, 907 
 Anna, 907 
 Anna 0., 906 
 Carrie E., 907 
 Charles, 906 
 
 E. H., 230, 908, 909 
 E. H. & Son, 907 
 
 E. Harrison, 907 
 
 Edward H. , .907(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 907 
 
 Franklin, 907 
 
 Hannah, 907 
 
 Irene, 907 
 
 S.N., 906 
 
 Samuel, 907 
 
 Sarah, 907, 908 
 
 Thomas, 907 
 
 William H., 907 
 HAGEY 
 
 Jeremiah C. , 582 
 HAGGY 
 
 Mr., 961 
 
 Elizabeth, 961 
 
 family, 961 
 
 Hans, 961 
 
 John, 961 
 
 Maria, 961 
 
 Martha, 964 
 HAIGHT 
 
 Jonathan, 419 
 HAILEY 
 
 William, 596 
 HAILMAN 
 
 Adam, 464 
 HAINES 
 
 Elizabeth, 910 
 
 family, 910 
 
 Nicholas, 342 
 
 Burgit, 594 
 
 John, 594 
 HAIR 
 
 John, 592 
 HALBY 
 
 Henry , 240 
 HALDEMAN 
 
 Horace, 246 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 HALE 
 
 Emanuel, 479 
 
 M. G. Capt., 746 
 
 Ruth, 172, 173 
 HALL 
 
 Judge, 416, 827 
 
 Miss, 749 
 
 Mr., 514 
 
 Catherine, 827 
 
 Catherine Julia, 827(2) 
 
 Eleanor Maclay, 827 
 
 Eliza, 827 
 
 Ellen, 827(3) 
 
 Ellen Campbell, 827 
 
 Ellen Rowan Cramer, 827 
 
 Bnanuel, 479 
 
 Bnily, Rowa, 827 
 
 Esque (colored man), 364 
 
 Esther, 823 
 
 Esther Harris, 827 
 
 Garrick Judge, 827 
 
 Garrick Mallory, 827 
 
 George, 827 
 
 George C. Rev., 499 
 
 George Louis, 827 
 
 Henry, 589 
 
 Henry Dr., 823, 827 
 
 Isabella, 836 
 
 James, 241, 749 
 
 Louis, 827 
 
 Louisa, 827 
 
 Lucretia, 827 
 
 Mary, 827(2) 
 
 Nathaniel B., 827 
 
 Richard Cecil, 827 
 
 Thomas, 242 
 
 William, 153, 588 
 
 William M. , 416 
 
 William Haclay, 827(5) 
 HALLAM 
 
 Lenox, 223 
 HALLAND 
 
 James, 239 
 HALLECK 
 
 Gen., 902 
 HALLER 
 
 Maj., 718 
 
 Elizabeth, 881 
 
 George E., 260, 552 
 
 John, 570 
 
 John Mrs., 570 
 
 John Rev., 570(2) 
 
 P. B., 552 
 
 P. C. Rev., 570 
 HALLETT 
 
 & Co., 634 
 
 Frances A. , 634 
 
 Harry, 351 
 HALLIDAY 
 
 William, 568 
 
 Wilson, 152 
 HALLIN 
 
 John, 239 
 HALLOR 
 
 Joseph, 546 
 HALLOWELL 
 
 Thomas Rev. , 595 
 HAM 
 
 G. W., Rev., 499 
 
 Samuel, 582 
 
 HAMAKER 
 
 & Wolf, 640 ^ 
 
 i Wolf.s foundry, 662 
 HAMBLETON 
 
 John, 589 
 
 William, 580 
 HAMEL 
 
 John, 596 
 HAMILTON 
 
 Gov. , 568 
 
 Miss, 821 
 
 Mr., 404 
 
 Mrs., 788 
 
 Alexander, 154, 203, 531 
 938, 944(2) 
 
 C. L., 532 
 
 Catharine A. Lane, 660, 
 661 
 
 Cumberland, 182 
 
 Eve, 902 
 
 Hance, 165 
 
 Nance Capt. , 161 
 
 Hance Esq., 162 
 
 J. A., 471 
 
 James, 154, 185, 212, 
 243, 404(2), 415, 419 
 577, 610 
 
 James Dr., 453, 476, 660 
 661(2) 
 
 James A., 471, 661 
 
 Jane, 944 
 
 John, 155, 540, 569, 578 
 
 John B., 541(2), 944 
 
 John R., 346 
 
 Margaret, 902 
 
 Mary, 834 
 
 Mary R., 944 
 
 Robert, 153, 610, 934 
 
 Robert A., 229 
 
 Samuel, 181 
 
 Thomas, 580 
 
 William, -203, 213, 541, 
 572, 902 
 HAMLIN 
 
 B. B., 492 
 HAMMAKEE 
 
 & Wolf, 475 
 HAMMAN 
 
 Philip, 212, 389, 420 
 HAMME 
 
 Maria, 724 
 HAMMETT 
 
 Mr., 945 
 
 Anna, 944 
 
 David, 944 
 
 Helen, 936 
 
 William, 235, 540, 552, 
 944 
 HAMMIL 
 
 Elizabeth, 695 
 HAMMOND 
 
 Mill, 763 
 
 Mr., 926 
 
 Agnes, 743(2) 
 
 Agnes Glugston, 745 
 
 Barbara, 745 
 
 Barbara Burd, 745 
 
 Cornelia, 730 
 
 Daniel, 745 
 
 David, 745 
 
 HAMMOND continued 
 
 Elias, 745 
 
 Eliza, 745 
 
 Elizabeth, 730 
 
 Elizabeth Stitt, 745 
 
 Emily Mackey, 745 
 
 Florence, 725 
 
 Jacob, 594, 745(2) 
 
 Jennie, 758 
 
 John, 730, 745 
 
 Lawrence, 743, 745(3), 761, 
 925, 926 
 
 Lillle B., 817 
 
 M. L., 750 
 
 Margaret, 745 
 
 Margaret Widney, 745 
 
 Martha, 745, 761 
 
 Martha Taylor, 745 
 
 Martin, 745(3) 
 
 Martin L. , 745 
 
 Martin Lawrence, 745 
 
 Mary, 745(2), 926 
 
 Mary A., 925 
 
 Mary Ann Zyler, 745 
 
 Philip, 745 
 
 Stephen, 745 
 
 Teresa Campbell, 745 
 
 Thomas, 817 
 
 Violet Weidman, 745 
 HAMMY 
 
 Thomas, 601 
 HAMPSHER 
 
 B. Y., 202, 656 
 HAMSHER 
 
 B. Y. & Co., 254 
 HAMSHIRE 
 
 John, 694 
 
 Lucinda, 694 
 HAMPTON 
 
 Mr., 356 
 
 Wade Brig. Gen., 365 
 HANBEY 
 
 William, 155 
 HANBY 
 
 Win., 569 
 HANCOCK 
 
 W. S., 371 
 HAND 
 
 Col., 180, 181, 186 
 
 Edward, 284 
 
 Edward Lieut. Col., 179 
 HANDLON 
 
 Duke, 183 
 HANDMAN 
 
 Daniel, 574 
 HANDSPIKE 
 
 George, 585 
 HANEY 
 
 Chas. L., 482 
 HANHART 
 
 H. Rev., 494 
 HANNA 
 
 Widow, 560 
 
 John , 456 
 HANSEN 
 
 James H., 609 
 HANSON 
 
 Lieut., 249 
 
 James Rev., 539 
 
 William W., 553 . 
 
 -45- 
 
History of Franklin. Cdimty, Pennsylvania 
 
 HANSTINE 
 
 E. S., 534 
 W. A., 534 
 
 HAPNER 
 
 John, 588 
 HAPPLE 
 
 Joel, 336 
 HAKBAUGH 
 
 Dr., 859 
 
 Mrs., 858 
 
 Alexander, 613 
 
 Catherine, 723 
 HAUBAUGH 
 
 F. A., 534 
 F. P., 482 
 George, 541, 858 
 George W. , 230 
 H. Rev., 512 
 Henry, 585 
 
 Henry Dr., 173, 704 
 
 Henry Rev., 512, 857 
 
 J. F.,422 
 
 J. F. Linn, 212 
 
 Jacob, 858 
 
 Louisa, 858 
 
 Margaret, 964 
 
 Mary Louisa, 858 
 
 Nancy, 960 
 
 Peter, 613 
 
 Wilson L., 226 
 
 Yost, 857, 858 
 HARBISON 
 
 Thomas, 420 
 HARCHELROAD 
 
 Abraham, 777 
 
 Anna, 777 
 
 Catherine, 777(3) 
 
 Christian, 777 
 
 Elizabeth, 777 
 
 Jacob, 777 
 
 Jane, 777 
 
 Jessie, 777 
 
 John, 777(2) 
 
 Lydia, 777 
 
 Mary, 777 
 
 Mary C, 796 
 
 Michael, 777(2) 
 
 Michael E. , 796 
 
 Simon, 777 
 
 William 777(2) 
 HARDEN 
 
 William, 492 
 HAEDIN 
 
 William, 241 
 HARDING 
 
 William, 609 
 HASDMAN 
 
 Adam, 592 
 HARDON 
 
 Neal, 182 
 HARDY 
 
 James, 241 
 HARGER 
 
 Peter, 241 
 William, 244 
 HARICK 
 
 Paulus, 153 
 HARICKS 
 
 . 145 
 
 haSISS 
 
 HARISS continued 
 
 Charles, 569 
 
 Jeremiah, 569 
 
 John, 568 
 
 Joshua, 568 
 HARKEY 
 
 James M. , 546 
 HARKLESS 
 
 Rosanna, 715 
 HARKNESS 
 
 Nathaniel, 153 
 
 Robert, 153 
 HARLAN 
 
 Lewis, 231 
 HARLAND 
 
 James, 152, 591 
 HARLEY 
 
 Rudolph, 463, 492 
 HARMAN 
 
 Adam, 185 
 
 Peter, 464 
 
 Sarah, 835 
 
 Willia, 242 
 
 Capt., 915 
 
 George W. , 604 
 
 J. A. Mai., 366 
 
 James, 752 
 
 Jeremiah, 783 
 
 Mary I., 752 
 
 Nancy, 752 
 
 Rosannah, 783 
 HARMONY 
 
 Mr., 645 
 
 Adam, 646, 574 
 HARMONAY 
 
 Anna C, 777 
 HARMONY 
 
 Daniel, 469, 470, 481, 
 645 
 
 George, 241, 464 
 
 George W., 352 
 
 John, 464, 645(2), 574(2) 
 580, 773, 777 
 
 John F., 351 
 
 John H., 345, 351, 352 
 
 Martha, 645 
 
 Mary, 645, 893 
 
 Peter, 574 
 
 Rebecca, 773(2) 
 HARN 
 
 Buna K., 698 
 HARNISH 
 
 Mr., 714 
 
 Mrs., 714 
 
 Barbara, 714 
 
 Cora, 714 
 
 Frances, 714 
 
 H. R., 209 
 
 H. R. & Co., 714 
 
 Harry E., 714 
 
 Henry B., 225 
 
 Henry B., 225 
 
 Henry R., 230, 714(2) 
 
 Jacob , 7 14 
 
 Jessie, 714 
 
 John, 249, 714(2) 
 
 John W. , 714 
 
 Mary, 714 
 
 Nancy, 714 
 
 Nannie , 714 
 
 -46- 
 
 HARNISH, continued 
 
 Sarah, 714 
 
 Susan, 714 
 HARPEL 
 
 Jeremiah Rev., 546, 576 
 HARPER 
 
 Capt., 236 
 
 Cornelius, 588 
 
 George H., 224 
 
 George K. , 203, 236, 243, 
 252, 255, 431, 463, 620, 
 665 
 
 George Kenton, 252 
 
 Mary B., 620 
 
 Michael, 236, 240 
 
 Nancy, 965 
 
 Robert, 252, 453 
 
 Robert G., 413 
 
 William, 464 
 HARR 
 
 Silas, 352 
 HARRER 
 
 John, 243 
 HARRET 
 
 Henry, 536 
 HARRING 
 
 Henry, 582 
 
 John, 200 
 HARRINGTON 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 HARRIS 
 
 , 606 
 
 Anna M. , 746 
 
 Anna Seibert, 746 
 
 Frank W. , 746 
 
 George, 243 
 
 George Washington, 827 
 
 James , 746 
 
 James C, , 746 
 
 John, 146, 149, 155, 239, 
 568, 822 
 
 John Sr., 824 
 
 Joshua, 155 
 
 Mary, 822(2), 823, 827, 
 
 Nettie G., 746 
 
 Rowland, 562, 604(2) 
 
 Samuel, 151, 568 
 
 Sarah Lillias, 838 
 
 Solomon, 492 
 
 Susan, 598 
 
 Thomas Prof., 445 
 
 Thomas J., 961 
 
 W. S., 842 
 
 William, 211(2), 583, 746, 
 751 
 
 William E., 838 
 
 William J., 746 
 
 William S., 607 
 HARRISON 
 
 Gen., 232, 901 
 
 Mr., 667 
 
 Burr, 420 
 
 George W., 349 
 
 James , 243 
 
 Jeremiah, 43^- 
 
 M. S., 746(2) 
 
 Nettie G. , 746 
 
 Olive, 746 
 HARROD 
 
 William, 608 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 HARRON 
 
 Charles, 588 
 David, 565 
 Hugh, 579 
 
 James, 594 
 
 John, 574, 594 
 
 William, 594 
 HARRY 
 
 Catherine, 752 
 
 Jane, 752 
 
 John, 24"; 
 
 Silas, 463 
 
 Thomas , 245 
 
 Titus, 752 
 HARSHBARGER 
 
 Samuel, 589 
 
 Jacob, 560 
 HARSHEY 
 
 Elizabeth, 832 
 
 Joseph, 832 
 HARSHMAN 
 
 James , 244 
 HART 
 
 widow, 560 
 
 E. J., 471 
 
 Edward, 183 
 
 Elizabeth, 897 
 
 Felix, 578 
 
 George, 472(2), 479 
 
 Jacob, 463 
 
 John, 185 
 
 John S. Dr., 637 
 
 John W., 340 
 
 Peter, 897 
 
 R., 588 
 
 Roger, 589 
 
 Ruth, 172, 173 
 
 Thomas , 349 
 
 William, 239, 243 
 HARTLEY 
 
 Thomas, 404, 410, 419(2) 
 460, 495 
 HARTMAN 
 
 Mr., 646 
 
 Rev., 647 
 
 A. S., 266 
 
 A. S. Rev., 482(2) 
 
 A. Stewart, 546 
 
 A. Stewart Rev., 491, 
 645, 646 
 
 Ann Eliza, 701, 702 
 
 Benjamin, 907 
 
 Catherine, 908 
 
 Charles, 70l(2), 702 
 
 D,, 525(3) 
 
 Daniel, 244, 492, 609 
 
 Daniel Rev., 346 
 
 Elizabeth, 701 
 
 Hamilton Van Dyke, 702 
 
 Henrietta, 876 
 
 Henry, 908 
 
 Jacob, 525, 582 
 
 James A. Rev. , 611 
 
 Uzzle, 877 
 
 Sarah, 947 
 
 Susan, 701, 702 
 
 Susan Zent, 702 
 
 William C, 224, 907 
 HARTMANN 
 
 Mr., 876 
 
 HARTMANN 
 
 Annie Mary, 876 
 
 Carrie Alvema, 876 
 
 Catharine, 876 
 
 Conrad, 875 
 
 Elizabeth, 875 
 
 Florence Irene, 875 
 
 Ida May, 876 
 
 John P., 876 
 
 John Peter, 876 
 
 Lizzie, 876 
 
 Mary, 875 
 
 Moses, 876(2) 
 
 Nettle Jane, 876 
 
 William McCoy, 876(2) 
 HARTSOUGH 
 
 George, 574 
 HARTRANFT 
 
 Gen., 353 
 HARTSUFF 
 
 Gen., 736 
 HARTZELL 
 
 Alice, 777 
 
 Anna, 777 
 
 Bertha, 778 
 
 Charles A., 777(2), 778 
 
 Clayton C. , 777 
 
 E., 292(4) 
 
 E. Dr., 777 
 
 Elizabeth, 777 
 
 Ezekiel, 293, 777 
 
 Frederick, 777 
 
 Frederick A., 777 
 
 George, 777(2), 778 
 
 George J., 777(3) 
 
 Hannah, 777 
 
 Henry, 777 
 
 John, 777 
 
 Joseph, 777 
 
 Leah, 777 
 
 Lebright E., 777 
 
 Levina, 777 
 
 Mary, 777 
 
 Mary A., 777 
 
 Mary E., 777 
 
 Matilda, 777(2) 
 
 Milton B., 777 
 
 Rachel L,, 777 
 
 Samuel, 777 
 
 Susan, 777 
 
 Zephania, 777(2) 
 HARVEY , 
 
 Dr., 269 
 
 Elizabeth, 840 
 
 Henderson, 184 
 
 J. E., 566 
 
 James, 184, 580, 604, 
 605 
 
 John E., 214 
 
 Nehemlah, 240 
 
 Thomas, 239 
 
 William, 184, 605, 840 
 HARWAY 
 
 William, 592 
 HASE 
 
 Saml., 588 
 HASELHIRST 
 
 Robert, 419 
 HASHINGER 
 
 Bruce M. , 908 
 
 -47- 
 
 HASHINGER continued 
 
 Henry, 908 
 
 J. A., 514 
 
 John H., 908 
 
 Mabel, 908 
 
 Margaret, 908 
 
 Sarah, 908 
 
 William C, 908 
 HASLEP 
 
 R. C, 609 
 HASLER 
 
 Charles, 941 
 
 Ida, 941 
 HASLET 
 
 John, 589 
 
 Robert, 182 
 HAS LETT 
 
 Robert,' 236 
 
 William A., 961 
 HASSEN 
 
 John, 349 
 HASSLER 
 
 Mr., 877 
 
 Alice R. , 693 
 
 Anna Mary, 876 
 
 Calvin M. , 340 
 
 Catharine, 722 
 
 Charlotte, 876, 885 
 
 Daniel Kleffer, 876 
 
 Edgar Schaff Rev., 877 
 
 Elizabeth, 876 
 
 Etta M., 876 
 
 Frances Ann, 876 
 
 George Washington, 876 
 
 Hannah Mary, 876 
 
 J. Rev., 570(2), 876 
 
 Jacob, 876 
 
 Jacob Rev., 570, 606, 876 
 885 
 
 Jacob Sr., 876(2) 
 
 Jane E., 876 
 
 John, 203, 346 
 
 John Lieut., 354 
 
 John P., 876 
 
 Joseph 876(2) 
 
 Malachi B., 529 
 
 Matilda, 877, 885 
 
 Miriam Adelaide, 877 
 
 William Stenger, 877 
 HASTIN 
 
 John, 152, 565 
 HASTINGS 
 
 John, 565 
 
 May, 565 
 HASTINS 
 
 John, 565 
 HASTLER 
 
 John, 239 
 HATCH 
 
 Mr., 564 
 HATNICK 
 
 Henry, 463 
 HATTER 
 
 Louisa, 941 
 
 Martin, 941 
 HAUGH 
 
 John, 560 
 HAUGHTLIN 
 
 William H., 351 
 HAUUIAN 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 HAUIMAN continued 
 
 Catharine Rebecca, 879 
 
 Christian, 522 
 
 Daniel, 244 
 
 David B., 648 
 
 Gertrude M., 648 
 
 Jacob, 879 
 
 L. V. Mrs., 483(2) 
 
 Louisa V. Miller, 648 
 
 Mary, 648, 879 
 
 Peter, 244 
 
 Van T., 202, 504, 648 
 HAUSE 
 
 Milton, 529(2) 
 HAUSER 
 
 Einory, 346 
 HAVENS 
 
 Mahlon, 482 
 
 Maylon, 482 
 HAVERSTICK 
 
 Mr., 481, 566 
 HAVLIN 
 
 Mike, 585 
 HAVY 
 
 Silas, 194 
 HAHBAKER 
 
 G. B., 552 
 
 Peter, 549 
 
 Susan, 549 
 HAWBECKER 
 
 Mr., 909 
 
 Anna M. , 909 
 
 Bessie, 909 
 
 Carrie, 909 
 
 David, 908(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 867, 908, 911 
 
 Emanuel, 346 
 
 J., 571 
 
 Jacob, 571 
 
 Lida, 909 
 
 Lydia, 908 
 
 Mary E., 909 
 
 Nettie, 909 
 
 S. Z., 435, 909, 911 
 
 Samuel Z. , 911, 908 
 
 Sarah, 908 
 
 Susan P., 552 
 
 U. G., 907 
 
 Upton C, 909 
 
 Upton G., 230, 909(2) 
 HAUK 
 
 Aaron, 876 
 
 Anna Maria, 877 
 
 Elizabeth, 877(2) 
 
 Elqiina, 78.0 
 
 Eyaline Mrs., 599 
 
 Eveline Mrs., 780 
 
 Fannie, 877 
 
 Ida, 877 
 
 Jacob, 877 
 
 John, 241, 877(2) 
 
 John H., 909 
 
 Jonathan , 780 
 
 Lizzie, 876, 877 
 
 Mary, 877 
 
 Mary J., 957 
 
 Sarah, 877 
 HAWKENBERRY 
 
 Gasper, 580 
 
 H. Sr., 580 
 
 HAWKENBERRY continued 
 
 Henry Jr., 580 
 
 Peter, 580 
 HAUKER 
 
 Annie Mrs. , 540 
 HAUKINS 
 
 , 361, 362 
 
 Mr., 499 
 
 Hm. George Rev. , 496 
 HAWTHORN 
 
 John, 154 
 HAWTHORNE 
 
 James, 155 
 HAY 
 
 David, n^ 
 
 George Col., 342 
 HAYDEN 
 
 James , 244 
 
 «ichard, 536 
 
 S. J., 482(2) 
 
 Thomas Rev. , 496 
 HAYES 
 
 David, 861 
 
 Eleanor, 223 
 
 Jane Mary Mrs. 922 
 
 Jean, 572 
 
 Nannie E., 793 
 
 Robert Dr., 793 
 
 William, 572 
 HAYMAN 
 
 Mr., 659 
 
 Mr., 286 
 
 Adelaide G., 659 
 
 Anna B., 659 
 
 Julia, 659 
 
 Juliana,. 659 
 
 Kate Wayne, 659 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 659 
 
 Samuel L. , 659 
 
 Samuel Lane, 659 
 
 William, 659 
 
 William Jr., 659 
 HAYNES 
 
 Mary J., 744 
 HAYS 
 
 Capt., 236 
 
 Mr., 309, 595 
 
 Carrie, 872 
 
 D., 266 
 
 David, 210, 567 
 
 Elizabeth, 749 
 
 Geo. P., 486 
 
 I. N, Rev., 485(2), 486, 
 503 
 
 Isaac N., 489 
 
 J. N. Rev,, 595 
 
 John, 749 
 
 N., 868 
 
 Margaret J., 748 
 
 Mariot, 872 
 
 Patrick Capt., 239 
 
 Richard, 749 
 
 Robert, 419 
 
 Sarah, 749 
 
 Stephen W., 421 
 
 T. C, 525 
 
 Thomas, 240 
 
 William, 568, 869 
 
 Z. David, 869 
 HAZELET 
 
 -48- 
 
 HAZELET continued 
 
 Cyrus, 353 
 
 Robert P., 254, 255, 479 
 HAZLETT 
 
 ' , 323 
 
 Mrs., 747 
 
 Albert, 323(2) 
 
 Annetta Jane, 746, 747 
 
 Clarence F., 747(2) 
 
 Cyrus, 566, 746, 747(2) 
 
 Cyrus D., 747 
 
 Frank S., 747 
 
 Jane Haddesa, 747 
 
 tfellie May, 747 
 
 Nancy B., 747 
 
 William Mc, 747 
 HAZLIT 
 
 William A., 618 
 HEADERY 
 
 Saml., 588 
 HEAFLEY 
 
 John, 588 
 HEAGY 
 
 Jacob, 463 
 
 John, 830 
 
 Polly, 830 
 HEAP 
 
 Daniel, 590 
 HEART 
 
 Charles W., 212, 480 
 
 Jacob, 302 
 
 John, 239 
 HEASLETT 
 
 William, 183 
 HEATHERINGTON 
 
 A., 290 
 
 John, 183 
 HEBER 
 
 Mr., 564 
 HEBERLIG 
 
 Barbara A., 924 
 
 Samuel, 924 
 HECK 
 
 Fred. Z., 551 
 
 George, 325(2), 463 
 
 Jacob, 210, 212, 242, 
 463, 499, 575 
 
 John, 536 
 
 Levi G., 582 
 
 Lewis F., 479 
 
 Ludwig, 204, 209, 
 210, 394, 463 
 HECKERMAN 
 
 Catharine, 653 
 
 Henry, 463 
 HEOK»AN 
 
 Anna, 784 
 
 Christ, 775 
 
 Christian, 792 
 
 Elizabeth, 911 
 
 Emman, 775 
 
 Jacob, 784 
 
 John, 899 
 
 John A., 351, 352 
 
 Katie S., 784 
 
 Nancy, 792 
 HEDGES 
 
 John, 582 
 HEEFNER 
 
 Mr., 648 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 HEEFNER continued 
 
 E. Mrs., 648 
 Harry Edgar, 648 
 
 John, 612, 648 
 
 John W. , 548 
 
 Levi, 648 
 
 Lydia Ann, 648 
 
 Margaret , 648 
 
 Peter, 226, 346, 648(2) 
 HEFELFINGER 
 
 David Rev. , 576 
 HEFFLEFINGER 
 
 Emma M. , 818 
 
 William, 818 
 HEFFLEFLINGER 
 
 Henrietta, 758 
 
 James, 758 
 
 Mary, 755 
 HEFFLEIGH 
 
 John Jr. , 531 
 
 Peter, 530, 531(2) 
 HEFFNER 
 
 Albert, 589 
 
 David, 244, 589(2) 
 HEFNER 
 
 Jacob, 589 
 
 Valentine, 589 
 HEGE 
 
 Anna, 731, 961 
 
 Elizabeth, 881 
 
 John, 877 
 
 Maria, 877, 881 
 
 Mary, 729, 877 
 
 Samuel B., 482 
 HEHL 
 
 Barbara, 680 
 
 Qnanuel, 680 
 HEICHERT 
 
 John, 549 
 
 Rudolph, 544 
 HEIGHT 
 
 Adam, 595 
 
 Adam Rev. , 611 
 HEIL 
 
 Edward, 240 
 HEIIHAN 
 
 Mary, 651, 813 
 HEIM 
 
 Anna Mrs. , 765 
 HEINTZELMAN 
 
 A.W., 778 
 
 Amos , 440 
 
 Andrew, 603 
 
 Charlotte, 799 
 
 Clara A., 778 
 
 Edward, 774 
 
 Eliza Mrs., 774 
 
 Hiram, 774 
 
 John, 778 
 
 John Mrs., 778 
 
 Joseph, 778 
 
 Larhue, 778 
 
 Martin, 211 
 
 Mary G., 778 
 
 Sarah A., 778 
 
 Winfield A., 778 
 HEINZEIiW; 
 
 Samuel, 799 
 HEISEY 
 
 Annie, 787 
 
 HEISEY continued 
 Fannie, 786, 787 
 John, 787 
 HEISLER 
 
 D. T. Rev., 606 
 D. Y. Dr., 603 
 HEISLY 
 
 Frederick, 469(2) 
 George J., 469 
 HEIST 
 
 George, 239 
 L., 49; 
 Lewis, 472 
 HEISTER 
 Gov., 413 
 Isabella, 720 
 Joseph M., 720 
 HELFENSTINE 
 
 Jacob Rev. , 493 
 HELFMIRE 
 
 Herman, 243 
 HELFRICH 
 
 Jacob, 553 
 HELFRICK 
 
 Peter, 441 
 HELLANE 
 
 Daniel, 553 
 HELLER 
 
 E., 539 
 HEUI 
 
 Michael, 589 
 HELMAN 
 
 Daniel, 242, 589 
 George, 574, 589 
 Michael, 242 
 HELMS 
 
 Elizabeth, 589 
 Jacob, 590 
 Michael, 589 
 HEMMENGER 
 
 Polly, 830 
 HEMPHILL 
 Rev., 469 
 Andrew, 184, 469, 492(2), 
 
 580 
 Margaret, 565, 825 
 Nathan, 182 
 Ruth Mrs . , 469 
 HENCH 
 
 Frank W. , 340 
 HEACHY 
 
 Fred'k., 243 
 HENDEL 
 
 Abraham, 231 
 HENDERNON 
 
 Frank, 481 
 HENDERSON 
 — , 560 
 Almira E., 808 
 Daniel, 213 
 David, 592 
 Ellen J., 792 
 Frank, 480 
 George B,, 808 
 George W., 604, 792 
 Gustavus , 154 
 Hugh, 240 
 James, 154(2), 223(2), 
 
 585, 588, 597 
 Jane, 824 
 
 -49- 
 
 HENDERSON continued 
 
 Jonathan, 419 
 
 John, 154, 585, 588 
 
 Joseph, 584 
 
 Joseph Dr., 824 
 
 Joshua, 154 
 
 Mathew, 574(2) 
 
 Matthew, 213, 580 
 
 Mary, 923 
 
 Richard, 596 
 
 S. J., 421 
 
 Thomas, 223 
 
 William, 182, 200, 
 394, 560 
 
 the, 569, 597 
 HENDERY 
 
 James, 588 
 HENDRICKS 
 
 Vice-Pres., 898 
 
 John, 182, 494, 549 
 HENDRY 
 
 John, 182. 
 HENICLE 
 
 Henry, 960 
 
 Martha, 960 
 HENKELL 
 
 Blanche, 850 
 
 Catharine, 850(2) 
 
 Clara V., 860 
 
 Elizabeth, 860 
 
 Ella, 860 
 
 George B. Mc, 850 
 
 Henrietta, 860 
 
 John W. , 850 
 
 John W. Mrs., 860 
 
 Jonas , 850 
 
 L. H., 214 
 
 Lewis E., 860 
 
 Lewis H., 860(3) 
 
 Louis H., 351, 352 
 
 Mary, 860(2) 
 
 Mary Mrs., 860 
 
 Mary C, 860 
 
 Nettie, 860 
 
 William, 860 
 HENLIN 
 
 Cornelius, 589 
 
 Gasper, 589 
 HENNEBERGER 
 
 Miss, 670 
 
 Mr., 455 
 
 Christian, 670 
 
 Frederick, 482 
 
 John, 244, 463 
 
 William, 343 
 HENNINGER 
 
 Mr., 649 
 
 Blanche, 649 
 
 C, 471, 482 
 
 Clay, 471 
 
 Ethelinda, 649 
 
 F. A., 504, 548 
 
 Frederick, 329, 549 
 
 Frederick Keefer, 649 
 
 Jacob, 255, 389, 529, 
 618 
 
 Virginia, 649 
 HENNING 
 
 Mary, 797 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 HENNY continued 
 Richard, 179 
 Samuel, 585 
 HENRY 
 
 Andrew, 740 
 E. H. Dr., 534 
 Ebenezer, 578 
 Fannie, 832 
 George, 832 
 Harriet E., 571 
 James, 154, 578, 610 
 Jane, 936 
 Martha, 591, 592 
 Martha J., 740 
 Mary, 839 
 Nancy, 740 
 Peter, 829 
 Robert Rev. , 571 
 Samuel, 585, 588, 74S, 
 HENSEL 
 
 John, 567 
 HENSEY . 
 
 Josiah, 340 
 HENSHEY 
 
 Bottsford B., 344, 
 345 
 HEPBURN 
 
 James H. , 420 
 HEPFER 
 
 H. L., 604 
 HEPFOR 
 
 W. J., 529 
 HEPPER 
 
 Daniel, 576 
 Peter S., 352 
 HERBERT 
 Rev., 174 
 Wm. H. Rev., 576 
 HERKMAN 
 
 Andreas , 521 
 HERMAN 
 Mr., 649 
 Charlotte S. Reed, 
 
 649, 678 
 Clara A. , 649 
 Daniel, 482(2), 649, 
 
 678 
 Eckel & Gilbert, 649 
 Elizabeth, 649 
 Henry S., 294 
 Hiram, 440 
 Jeremiah, 576, 649 
 Jeremiah Y. , 225 
 HERON 
 
 David, 154 
 Francis, 154 
 John, 940 
 HERR 
 
 Amos F., 940 
 Ida, 940 
 HERRING 
 Dr., 541 
 E. A., 291, 534 
 HERRINGTON 
 
 Joseph, 239 
 HERRON 
 Ann, 748 
 
 David, 146, 149, 594 
 Eleanor, 822, 825 
 
 HERRON continued 
 
 Elizabeth, 748 
 
 Francis, 149, 594, 
 597 
 
 Francis Rev., 587, 
 825 
 
 Hugh, 146 
 
 James, 149, 594 
 
 Jane, 545, 749 
 
 John, 481, 545, 597, 
 748, 825 
 
 L. D., 609 
 
 Mary, 545 
 
 Patrick, 748, 749 
 
 Temperance, 748 
 
 William, 149, 583, 594, 
 595 
 
 the, 594 
 HERSEY 
 
 John, 525 
 HERSHBERGER 
 
 F., 212 
 
 John, 201, 203, 242, 
 253, 463, 667 
 HERSHEY 
 
 Joseph, 494 
 HERSHY 
 
 Elizabeth, 949 
 
 Francis, 948 
 
 Samuel Rev., 949 
 HERTZELL 
 
 George, 777 
 
 George Mrs. , 777 
 HERTZLER 
 
 Mary, 918 
 HERVEY 
 
 Henderson, 580 
 
 James, 182, 580 
 
 James Jr., 580 
 HESS 
 
 Miss, 889 
 
 Albert T., 778 
 
 & Lidy Co., 950 
 
 Arie Gertrude, 778 
 
 Barbara, 892, 895 
 
 Catherine, 778 
 
 D. W. , 778 
 
 Daniel W. , 778 
 
 Elizabeth, 778(2) 
 
 Elsie Mabel, 778 
 
 Emma, 958 
 
 Florence M. , 778 
 
 Frederick, 565 
 
 Henry, 240 
 
 Israel, 945 
 
 J. C, 533, 534(2), 
 945 
 
 Jacob, 589 
 
 Jeremiah, 293 
 
 John, 892 
 
 John W. , 958 
 
 Lavina, 945 
 
 Lida, 945 
 
 Mary, 750, 778, 837, 
 840 
 
 Polly, 931 
 
 Samuel, 778 
 
 Samuel Edwin, 778 
 
 Susan, 778(2) 
 
 Susan A. , 778 
 
 -50- 
 
 HESS continued 
 
 W. A., 534 
 HESSON 
 
 A. J. Rev., 520, 
 570 
 HETH 
 
 Maj. Gen., 365 
 
 Mr., 369 
 HETICH 
 
 Andrew Dr. , 661 
 
 Catharine, 660 
 
 Eliza, 660 
 
 family, 660 
 
 George, 202, 203, 
 206(2), 501 
 
 John, 202 
 
 Paul I., 202, 420 
 
 Thomas, 454, 660 
 
 the, 598 
 HETRICH 
 
 Eliza, 861 
 
 Carrie, 389 
 HEVEL 
 
 Christiana, 930, 939 
 HERZOG 
 
 Mr., 575 
 HEWETT 
 
 George W. , 302 
 
 Jacob C. , 349 
 HEWIT 
 
 Nicholas, 560 
 HEWITT 
 
 Ada M. , 541 
 
 George, 182 
 
 Matilda, 777 
 
 Maude, 836 
 
 William, 836 
 
 William W. , 342 
 HEYD 
 
 G. W., 525 
 HEYDE 
 
 Geo. W., 609 
 HEYDEN 
 
 Richard, 496 
 HEYSEE 
 
 Ellen G., 623 
 
 Jacob, 203(2), 204, 
 206, 265(2), 266, 
 394, 469, 474, 
 493, 623 
 
 Jacob Sr., 462 
 
 Jacob H., 420 
 
 William, 203, 204, 211, 
 243, 265, 266(2), 
 302, 329, 463, 474, 
 493 
 
 Wm. Jr., 474 
 
 William L. , 474 
 HEYSER's 
 
 Paper Mill, 460 
 HEYSINGER 
 
 Hiram, 224 
 HIBRICK 
 
 Francis , 560 
 HIBSHMAN 
 
 Rev., 613 
 
 H. H. W. Rev., 536, 
 591 
 HICKMAN 
 
 Albright, 574 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 HICKS 
 
 — , 163 
 
 Mr., 675 
 
 Albertus, 9 -,4 
 
 Christian, 153 
 
 David, 546 
 
 Ellas, 763 
 
 Jacob, 574(2) 
 
 John S., 343, 480 
 
 Speakman, 480, 675 
 HIGBEE 
 
 E. E., 512 
 
 E. E. Hon., 510 
 
 Elnathan E. Rev., 513 
 
 Mary L., 846 
 HIGGENS 
 
 John, 183 
 HIGGINS 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 HIGH 
 
 Anna, 830 
 
 Doratha, 831 
 
 Etama C, 905 
 
 John, 831, 905 
 HIQITMAN 
 
 Jacob, 870 
 HILAND 
 
 Nathan, 578 
 HILDT 
 
 George, 492 
 HILE 
 
 Mary, 794 
 HILEND 
 
 Nathan, 588 
 HILL 
 
 Gen., 369 
 
 Mr., 360 
 
 A. F. Gen., 361 
 
 A. P. Lieut. Gen., 
 365 
 
 Adam, 578 
 
 Albert Clinton, 878 
 
 Alex., 578(2) 
 
 Bruce, 878 
 
 Carrie, 878 
 
 Ellsworth, 878 
 
 Fergus, 578 
 
 Horace, 239 
 
 Ida, 878 
 
 James M., 607 
 
 John, 155, 245, 569, 
 877 
 
 John Frederick, 878 
 
 Laura Virginia, 878 
 
 Mary, 878 
 
 Halph, 878 
 
 Susan, 877, 878 
 
 Susan Jane, 878 
 
 Thomas, 336 
 HIME 
 
 Isaac, 340 
 HIMES 
 
 George W., 231 
 
 John Sr., 577 
 HINCHMAN 
 
 William A. , 293 
 HINDMAN 
 James, 578 
 John, 154, 161, 578 
 HINE 
 
 HINE continued 
 
 Henry Dr., 690 
 HINEMAN 
 
 David, 612 
 HINESTINE 
 
 Ezra, 534 
 H INKLE 
 
 Mr., 564 
 
 John, 243 
 HINTON 
 
 Margaret A. Mrs., 
 787 
 HIRST 
 
 Jonathan, 598(2) 
 HISEY 
 
 Mary, 860 
 HISSON 
 
 Barbara, 521 
 HISSONG 
 
 David, 351 
 
 James , 353 
 
 Jonas, 239 
 KITE 
 
 Catherine, 844 
 HI'TCSHEW 
 
 W. H., 389 
 HITT 
 
 George, 525 
 HITTEL 
 
 M. Z,, 329 
 
 M. Z. Rev., 494 
 HITTERLING 
 
 Andrew, 349 
 HOCK 
 
 John, 174, 226 
 HOCH 
 
 Rachel P., 926 
 HOCHLENDER 
 
 , 546 
 
 HOCKENBERG 
 
 Solomon B., 224 
 HOCKHffiERRY. 
 
 Mr., 309 
 
 Elizabeth, 816 
 
 James , 240 
 
 Jere., 240 
 
 Samuel, 245 
 
 W. H., 502, 504 
 
 William H., 421 
 
 William H. H. Prof., 
 502 
 
 Wilson, 816 
 
 the, 581 
 HOCKENEERY 
 
 Peter, 240 
 HOCKENSMITH 
 
 Clara E., 917 
 HOCKERSMITH 
 
 William, 341 
 HODGE 
 
 Dr., 426, 429 
 
 H. Lenox Dr., 867 
 
 Margaret, 869 
 HODGSON 
 
 Francis, 492 
 HODNETTE 
 
 Mary A., 953 
 HODSKINS 
 
 Abraham, 239 
 
 Jacob, 239 
 
 -51- 
 
 HOEFFLICH 
 
 Peter, 530 
 HOEFLICH 
 
 — , 545 
 
 & Good Co., 946 
 
 i Price Co., 945, 956 
 
 Charles Edwin, 946 
 
 J. R., 534, 536, 
 946 
 
 John R., 346 
 
 Luella, 946 
 
 Maria, 946 
 
 Mary Catharine, 946 
 
 Mary R. , 946 
 
 Nettie H., 946 
 
 Paul, 243, 463 
 
 Ruby Motter, 946 
 
 S., 535, 536 
 
 S. M., 346 
 
 Samuel, 532(2), 534, 
 945(2) 
 
 Susan, 945, 946 
 
 William, 945, 946 
 HOERNER 
 
 J. H., 570, 883 
 
 John H., 885 
 
 Martha Ann, 885 
 HOFFEDITZ 
 
 A. R., 529 
 HOFFMAN 
 
 Mr., 462 
 
 Anna Maria, 656 
 
 Barbara A., 832(2) 
 
 David F., 344 
 
 David L., 336 
 
 E., 314 
 
 Enoch, 494 
 
 Frank, 553 
 
 Frederick, 463 
 
 George, 202, 204(2), 
 463, 491 
 
 George L., 472 
 
 James Rev., 329, 463, 
 493, 576 
 
 John N. Rev., 490, 576(2), 
 611 
 
 Joseph, 241, 314 
 
 Joshua, 832 
 
 Uwis C, 349 
 
 Margaret J., 804 
 
 Mary, 617 
 HOFLEY 
 
 Louisa, 863 
 HOGAN 
 
 Peter, 179 
 HOGG 
 
 Catherine, 827 
 
 Nathaniel B., 827 
 HOKE 
 
 Mr., 650 
 
 Adam, 525, 864 
 
 & Appenseller, 650 
 
 & Klrkpatrick, 650 
 
 & Oaks, 650 
 
 Annie M. Hutton Mrs . , 
 650 
 
 Barbara Ellen, 886 
 
 G. M. Rev., 613 
 
 H. E., 389, 885 
 
 Harriet, 885 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 HOKE continued 
 
 Henry, 650 
 
 Henry M. , 344 
 
 J. Mr., 329, 330, 
 389, 650 
 
 J. & Co., 453(2) 
 
 J. W., 650 
 
 Jacob, 174, 361, 370, 
 382, 650 
 
 Margaretta, 650 
 
 Mary, 886 
 
 Michael, 519, 521, 
 522 
 
 Sarah, 650 
 HOEK 
 
 William, 886 
 HOLHERT 
 
 Jane, 657 
 HOLBY 
 
 Annie May, 650 
 
 Catherine, 649, 650 
 
 Harvey P., 649 
 
 Henry, 649(2) 
 
 W. H., 649 
 HOLDMAN 
 
 Jacob, 578 
 HOLIDAY 
 
 James, 155, 569 
 
 John, 580 
 HOLKAMB 
 
 William, 340 
 HOLKEE 
 
 Miss, 413 
 HOLL 
 
 Catherine, 733 
 HOLLAND 
 
 Dr., 779 
 
 Alonzo U., 779 
 
 Alonzo Upperman Dr . , 
 778 
 
 Anna N., 779 
 
 Elizabeth, 921 
 
 Horace, 525 
 
 James, 155, 569 
 
 John W., 778 
 
 Margaret, 779 
 
 William, 779 
 
 William L. , 779 
 HOLLAR 
 
 C. M., 481 
 
 Catherine, 818(2) 
 
 Henry, 818 
 
 Phineas B., 340(2) 
 HOLLENBERGER 
 
 000, 552 
 
 Lydia Ann, 648 
 HOLLENSHEAD 
 
 Clara, 878 
 
 Isaac, 878, 886 
 
 James, 878 
 
 Joseph, 878 
 
 Mary, 878 
 
 Matilda, 878 
 
 Sylvester, 878 
 HOLLER 
 
 Ann, 806 
 
 Luella, 806 
 
 Peter C, 683 
 
 Rebecca, 683 
 
 Solomon, 806 
 
 HOLLIDAY 
 
 Lieut., 180 
 Adani, 391 
 Elizabeth, 747 
 Irene V., 747 
 
 J., 465 
 
 J. W., 747(2) 
 
 James, 182, 610, 747 
 
 James W. , 434, 747(2) 
 
 John, 152, 193, 204, 
 394, 581, 583(2), 610 
 (2) 
 
 John Major, 464 
 
 Margaret, 747 
 
 Samuel, 266, 462, 583, 
 610, 747 
 
 Sarah R. , 747 
 
 William, 216, 601, 610(2) 
 
 Wilson, 592 
 HOLLINGER 
 
 Abraham, 464 
 
 Daniel, 382, 950 
 
 Elizabeth, 933, 799 
 
 Jacob, 464, 589 
 
 Josiah C, 350, 351 
 
 Lizzie A. , 950 
 
 Mary, 882 
 
 Philip, 565 
 
 Samuel, 799 
 HOLLINGSHEAD 
 
 Isaac, 529(2) 
 
 William, 529 
 HOLM 
 
 John, 531 
 HOLMAN 
 
 Jacob, 905 
 
 Lydia I., 905 
 HOIMES 
 
 Miss, 869 
 
 Anna, 772 
 
 Jacob Jr., 531 
 
 Jane, 824 
 
 John, 243 
 
 Mary, 745 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 HOLMS 
 
 Andrew, 578 
 HOLSINGER 
 
 Daniel Rev. , 535 
 
 George, 589 
 
 Jacob, 531, 588, 589, 
 953 
 
 Jacob Rev. , 535 
 
 Mary, 953 
 HOLT 
 
 Dursilla Mrs., 850 
 HOLTZINGER 
 
 Jacob, 589 
 HOLTZWORTH 
 
 J. B., 481 
 
 J. C, 481 
 HOLYDAY 
 
 John, 155, 569 
 
 William, 155, 569 
 HOMEL 
 
 Philip, 585 
 HOMER 
 
 Ross, 767 
 HONEYCUTT 
 
 I. E. Rev.. 595 
 
 -52- 
 
 HOOD 
 
 Mr., 809 
 
 Daniel, 239 
 George, 596 
 J. B., 365 
 J. M., 590 
 Joshua K., 351 
 Rachael, 809 
 HOOKER 
 
 Gen., 350, 681, 818, 902 
 
 Mr., 361, 371 
 
 Joseph Maj. Gen., 371 
 HOOFER 
 
 Adam, 562 
 
 Adam, 700 
 HOOPS' 
 
 Mr., 154 
 
 Adam, 152, 153, 163(2), 
 
 165, 216, 402(2), 556, 577 
 594 
 
 Robert, 578 
 HOOSER 
 
 J. Wilson, 351 
 HOOVER 
 
 Mr., 715, 947 
 
 Mrs., 715, 893 
 
 A. W., 789 
 
 Aaron B., 918 
 
 Abbie V., 812 
 
 Abraham, 818 
 
 Abraham R., 812 
 
 Abraham W. , 229 
 
 Alfred, 799 
 
 Alice S., 910 
 
 Ann, 389 
 
 Annie I., 812 
 
 Anthony H., 812 
 
 Barbara J., 768 
 
 Benjamin, 302, 570, 918 
 
 Benjamin Mrs. 570 
 
 Bertha M. , 910 
 
 Catharine, 715, 918 
 
 Catherine, 918 
 
 Charlotte, 799 
 
 Christian, 812, 918(2) 
 
 Christian R., 714 
 
 Christian Royer, 715 
 
 Daniel, 435, 532(2), 533, 946 
 
 Daniel G. , 225, 909 
 
 David, 389, 715, 918(2), 
 943 
 
 David H., 946 
 
 David L., 878 
 
 Edgar W., 910 
 
 Eliza 909 
 
 Elizabeth, 715, 918, 943, 
 946, 947 
 
 Elizabeth A. , 789 
 
 family, 878 
 
 Fannie, 878, 880, 918 
 
 Fanny, 918 
 
 Frederick, 715 
 
 George, 715 
 
 Henry, 560, 768 
 
 Henry C, 812 
 
 Henry J., 918 
 
 Henry L. , 878 
 
 Henry 0. , 812 
 
 Ira N., 947 
 
 Isaac S., 812 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 HOOVER continued 
 Jacob, 594, 715(2) 
 Jeremiah, 226 
 Joel, 918 
 John, 585, 595, 715, 882 
 
 918(2) 
 John Rev., 571 
 John M., 918 
 Joseph, 536, 918 
 Leah, 918 
 Leah Emma, 799 
 Levi T., 918 
 Lizzie Susan, 878 
 Louisa, 639 
 Lydla, 812, 956 
 Magdalene, 918 
 Maria, 918 
 Martin, 223, 918(3) 
 Mary, §12, 918(2), 943, 
 
 946 
 Mary Mrs., 715 
 Mary C, 818, 918 
 Mary Frances, 878 
 Michael, 878 
 Nancy, 293, 715, 782, 
 
 786, 882, 918 
 Noah, 918 
 Percy D., 947 
 Peter, 585 
 Peter Daniel, 918 
 
 Philip, 594 
 Roy J. D., 947 
 
 Samuel, 715, 878(2), 880, 
 909, 918(2) 
 
 Samuel S., 918 
 
 Samuel W. , 799 
 
 Solomon, 561 
 
 Susan, 878, 882 
 
 Susan M. Zook, 715 
 
 Virti-s E., 947 
 HOPKINS 
 
 Mathew, 574 
 
 Polly, 869 
 
 Sarah Mrs., 486 
 
 W., 485 
 
 William, 486 
 HOPPER 
 
 Alex., 184, 580 
 HORKAN 
 
 Ed., 155, 569 
 HORKEY 
 
 Peter, 592 
 HORN 
 
 Elias, 589 
 
 John, 589 
 HORNBAKER 
 
 George A., 526(2) 
 
 John H., 346 
 
 Samuel, 345 
 HORNBRAKER 
 
 George, 259 
 KORNER 
 
 Abraham, 589 
 
 Daniel, 590 
 
 Frederick, 589 
 
 J. H., 166 
 
 John Jr., 589 
 
 John Sr., 589 
 
 Margaret, 839 
 
 Newton H., 350 
 
 HORNER continued 
 Solomon, 574, 575 
 W. N., 604 
 William H., 342 
 William N., 224 
 HORNING 
 
 Alvin W. , 224, 226 
 HORNUNG 
 A., 491 
 Anton, 491 
 HORR 
 
 Daniel, 552 
 HORSCH 
 
 Jacob , 346 
 HORST 
 
 Alice, 792 
 David, 792 
 Harvey, 792 
 Martha, 792 
 Nancy E., 792 
 Sollonia Mrs., 881 
 HORTON 
 
 Milton M. , 341 
 William, 395 
 HOSHOUR 
 
 Samuel K., 536 
 Samuel K. Rev., 431 
 HOSLEDER 
 
 Jacob, 464 
 HOSLER 
 
 Hainah, 771 
 Daniel S., 229 
 HOSTETER 
 
 Georgie, 711 
 HOSTETTER 
 Alice, 941 
 Cornelia J. , 710 
 Jacob, 550(2), 552(2) 
 S. P., 941 
 HOSTINGER 
 
 Catharine, 431 
 HOTCHISON . 
 
 Alex., 155 
 HOUCK 
 
 Elizabeth, 927 
 HOUFMAN 
 
 Henry, 596 
 HODGHLANDER 
 
 Fred., 571 
 HOUGHOWONT 
 
 S. L., 351 
 HOUPT 
 
 Calviri, 878 
 
 Laura Virginia Mrs., 878 
 HOUSEM 
 
 Joseph, 242 
 HOUSEMAN 
 
 George, 179 
 HOUSER 
 Mr., 651 
 & Burkhart, 651 
 David Capt., 354 
 J. T., 472 
 Levi D., 475 
 Levi D. C, 211(2) 
 Ludwick, 585 
 Mary, 651 
 Michael, 324 
 Michael W. , 246, 650 
 Michael Ji, Capt., 355 
 
 -53- 
 
 HOUSER continued 
 
 Sarah, 650 
 W. R., 650 
 W. R. & Co., 651 
 William, 472 
 HOUSTON 
 
 George, 245 
 
 William, 243 
 HOUSUM 
 
 Capt., 335 
 
 Benjamin Franklin, 481 
 
 Cynthia, 481 
 
 John Peter, 481 
 
 Joseph, 462 
 
 Lucy S. Edmiston Mrs., 481 
 
 Maria Louise Fannie, 481 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 481 
 
 P. B., 481 
 
 Peter P., 266, ,335(2) 
 
 Peter B. Capt., 354 
 
 Peter B. Col., 341 
 HOUSWORT 
 
 J., 582 
 HOW 
 
 James, 579 
 
 Joseph, 155, 569 
 
 W., 525 
 HOWARD 
 
 Catherine, 808 
 
 Christiana, 807 
 
 Frederick, 589 
 
 J. W., 609 
 
 Margaret A,, 774 
 
 0. 0., 371 
 
 Samuel, 185, 352(2), 573, 595 
 
 Thomas, 594 
 HOEW 
 
 Gen. , 411 
 HOWE 
 
 Mr., 263 
 
 James, 184(2), 580 
 
 Wesley, 582, 598, 609 
 
 Wesley Rev. , 593 
 HOWELL 
 
 David, 560 
 
 Richard Gov., 191 
 
 T. F. Rev., 549 
 HOWLAND 
 
 Charles Dr., 306 
 HOWLETT 
 
 Andrew , 420 
 HOWRY 
 
 Martha, 152 
 HOWYER 
 
 Joseph S., 343 
 HOYT 
 
 Gov., 473 
 HUBBARD 
 
 W. H., 603 
 HUBER 
 
 Dr., 869 
 
 Judge, 810 
 
 Miss, 684 
 
 Mr., 651(2), 652 
 
 A. A., 652 
 
 A. G., 299, 421 
 
 A. G. Prof., 586 
 
 Abraham, 464, 652, 685 
 
 Amanda, 787, 813 
 Amos Castle, 651. 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 HUBER continued 
 
 Amos G., 342 
 
 i Company, 473 
 
 Annie, 869 
 
 B. F., 652 
 
 B. G., 494, 550 
 
 G. B. Rev., 299, 601, 
 651 
 
 Benjamin, 651, 813 
 
 Benjamin Mrs., 813 
 
 Bertha Grace, 651 
 
 Catherine, 651, 685 
 
 Charles S., 652 
 
 Christian, 651 
 
 Clara, 652 
 
 Eliza, 652, 814 
 
 Elizabeth, 651, 652 
 
 Eveline S. Gibbs, 652 
 
 Frederick, 684 
 
 George S., 652 
 
 H. S., 814 
 
 Hannah, 652, 810 
 
 Harry H., 813 
 
 Harry Iverson, 651 
 
 Heilman, 787 
 
 Heilman S., 651, 652, 813 
 
 Ida, 652 
 
 John, 205, 241, 314, 416, 
 455, 464, 651, 652, 813, 
 910 
 
 Lester Hoke, 651 
 
 Mary, 651, 652, 813 
 
 Mary E., 652 
 
 Mary Emma, 652 
 
 Nancy, 808 
 
 Naomi J. Corraany, 651 
 
 Ora Edwards, 651 
 
 Rebecca Mrs. , 810 
 
 Rllla Bell, 651 
 
 S. A., 652, 693 
 
 Samuel, 314, 464, 494(3) 
 
 Samuel Rev., 314, 494 
 
 Seba Germany, 651 
 
 the, 315 
 HUBERT 
 
 A. N., 552 
 HUDDLE 
 
 Joseph, 156 
 HUDSON 
 
 Miss, 748 
 
 George T., 553 
 HUES 
 
 John, 592 
 HUEY 
 
 Col., 380 
 
 Dr., 223 
 
 Ann, 844 
 
 Rebecca J., 844 
 
 William, 844 
 HUFFMAN 
 
 J., 833 
 
 P. M., 833 
 HUGHES 
 
 the, 566 
 
 Archbishop, 496 
 
 Daniel, 234, 419, 560, 
 658 
 
 Eleanor, 545 
 
 Elizabeth, 906 
 
 family, 235 
 
 HUGHES continued 
 
 Holker Maj . , 412 
 
 John, 182, 351, 463 
 
 Joseph, 244 
 
 Louis M. , 420 
 
 Samuel, 234, 413, 419, 
 658 
 
 Samuel Mrs. , 413 
 
 Thomas , 545 
 HULL 
 
 Dr., 653 
 
 Mr., 652 
 
 Abraham, 560 
 
 Abram S., 652, 653(3) 
 
 Adeline Susan, 635 
 
 Anna, 768 
 
 Charles E. S., 652 
 
 Charles S., 502 
 
 Daniel, 441, 635, 652 
 
 Evalyn Sabina, 653 
 
 Eveline, 653 
 
 Eveline S. Gibbs, 653 
 
 G. S., 292(3) 
 
 George S., 203, 293 
 
 George S. Dr., 653 
 
 Howard Lane, 653 
 
 Ida Bamett, 653 
 
 Isaac, 598 
 
 Jacob, 768 
 
 Llllie, 653 
 
 Lora Budd, 653 
 
 Margaret, 653 
 
 Mary Ann, 768 
 
 Nancy, 833 
 
 Paul Sanford, 653 
 
 Peter, 561 
 
 Susan, 652 
 
 Thomas Lane, 653 
 
 W. C, 471 
 HULLINGER 
 
 Miss, 783 
 
 Alice, 892 
 
 J. C, 345 
 
 Josiah C, 345(2) 
 
 Simon, 892 
 
 Susan, 954 
 HUMBERG 
 
 Adam, 184 
 HUMBERGER 
 
 Rev., 570 
 
 William, 549 
 HUMBERT 
 
 John, 240 
 
 Peter, 608 
 HUMBREY 
 
 Henry, 565, 580 
 HUMERHINE 
 
 M., 472 
 HUMES 
 
 Jane, 804 
 HUMMELBAUGH 
 
 H. Y., 494, 349 
 HUMMELSHINE 
 
 G. , 462 
 HUMMELSINE 
 
 Lelr D., 195 
 HUhMER 
 
 William H., 342 
 HUMOR 
 
 Mr., 481 
 
 -54- 
 
 HUMPHREY 
 
 Gen., 733 
 
 Mr., 681 
 
 David, 592 
 HUMPHRIES 
 
 A. A. Gen., 854 
 HUNSECKER 
 
 Aaron, 779 
 
 Abraham, 779 
 
 Adeline, 779 
 
 Amanda, 779 
 
 Anna, 779 
 
 Catherine, 779 
 
 Daniel, 779 
 
 Elizabeth, 779, 782 
 
 Jacob, 779(2) 
 
 John, 315, 434, 779(2), 782 
 
 Leah, 779 
 
 Lydia, 779 
 
 Mary, 779 
 
 Saloma, 779 
 
 Solomon, 779 
 HUNT 
 
 Mary Mrs., 483 
 HUNTER 
 
 Gen., 382, 384, 803 
 
 Albert M., 226 
 
 Charles, 223 
 
 George, 185, 715 
 
 J. Rev., 499 
 
 J. D. , 552 
 
 J. D. Rev., 173, 544 
 
 James, 492, 580 
 
 James D. Rev., 715 
 
 John, 236 
 
 Napoleon, 481 
 
 Robert, 182, 193, 240 
 
 Rosanna, 715 
 
 T., 291 
 
 T. Dr., 290 
 
 Thomas, 531(2) 
 
 W. A. 291 
 
 William,' 169, 565, 580 
 
 William A., 291(4), 293, 586 
 HURST 
 
 A. R., 266 
 
 Caroline, 866 
 
 Catherine, 779 
 
 David Mrs . , 598 
 
 Levi, 779 
 
 Lydia, 782 
 
 Martha, 774 
 
 Michael, 782 
 
 Nancy Mrs. , 774 
 
 Samuel, 782 
 HURTS ELL 
 
 H. W., 342 
 HUSS 
 
 David, 491 
 HUSSEY 
 
 George St. Clair, 549 
 HUSTAN 
 
 William, 578 
 HUSTON 
 
 Mr., 869 
 
 Widow, 155, 569 
 
 David, 153, 155, 569, 592, 
 608 
 
 James, 242, 509, 578, 592 
 
 John, 155, 464, 569, 591 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 HUSTON continued 
 Oliver H., 582 
 Thomas, 608 
 
 William, 183, 184, 588, 
 608 
 HUTCHINSON 
 
 John, 179, 239, 243 
 Nathan R., 226 
 
 Robert, 588 
 
 Thomas , 179 
 
 Alexander, 155, 569(2) 
 
 John, 578, 666 
 
 Margaret, 618 
 
 Phil, 579 
 
 Philip, 580 
 
 Samuel, 560 
 
 Susan R., 666 
 HUTSON 
 
 Thomas , 560 
 HUTTON 
 
 A. White, 653 
 
 Alim V. White, 653 
 
 Annie M. Mrs., 650 
 
 Catherine, 653 
 
 E. N., 653 
 
 Ed., 441 
 
 Elva White, 653 
 
 Harrison H., 342 
 
 Jacob, 389, 653 
 HUTZ 
 
 & Son, 961 
 
 Charles, 678 
 
 H, H., 389 
 
 Mary, 494, 678 
 HUYETT 
 
 Huron A., 225 
 HYDE 
 
 Mr., 564 
 HYMANS 
 
 John B., 340 
 HYSLER 
 
 D. Y. Rev., 633 
 HYSSONG 
 
 A. M., 441 
 
 Charles, 481 
 
 John A., 201, 421 
 
 T. T., 525 
 IMBLE 
 
 John, 585 
 
 Paul, 585 
 IMBOOEN 
 
 Col., 375 
 
 Gen, 335, 799 
 
 Mr., 382, 873 
 
 J. D., 365 
 
 J. D. Brig. Gen., 372 
 IMBRIE 
 
 Addison, 214, 551, 552 
 
 & Schafhirt Co . , 707 
 
 John, 868 
 
 Nancy, 868 
 IMLER 
 
 Tobias F., 535 
 IHHEL 
 
 Jacob, 459 
 IMMELL 
 
 Miss, 814 
 
 Alice, 780 
 
 Ann, 598 
 
 Anna, 779 
 
 IMMELL continued 
 
 Anna B., 779 
 
 Anna M. , 780 
 
 Annie, 779 
 
 Barbara, 780 
 
 Bamett, 779, 780 
 
 Caroline. S., 780, 793 
 
 David, 779 
 
 Elizabeth, 780(2) 
 
 Elmina, 730 
 
 Emma L. , 779 
 
 Eveline, 780 
 
 family, 779 
 
 G. W., 266 
 
 George, 779, 780 
 
 George B., 779 
 
 George W. , 780(2) 
 
 George W. Jr., 780 
 
 Ida E., 779, 814 
 
 Jacob, 598, 779, 780, 793 
 
 Jacob M. , 780(2) 
 
 John, 779(3), 780(2) 
 
 John Mrs., 779 
 
 John S., 441, 779i 814 
 
 John W., 779, 780, 793 
 
 Kate, 779 
 
 L. Alice, 780 
 
 Leonard, 779, 780 
 
 Margaret, 780 
 
 Mary A., 780 
 
 Mary E., 780 
 
 Michael, 779, 780 
 
 P., 598 
 
 Susan, 780, 793 
 
 Susan M. , 780 
 
 William, 779, 780(2) 
 IMMELLS 
 
 the, 598 
 INDIAN 
 
 Chief, Complanter, 561 
 INGERSOLL 
 
 Joseph R,, 626 
 INGOLD 
 
 Theodore, 535 
 INMAN 
 
 Win. Lieut., 261 
 INNIS 
 
 James, 592 
 IRELAND 
 
 Samuel, 274, 580 
 
 William, 580 
 IRVIN 
 
 James, 204, 579 
 
 John, 609 
 
 William H. Col., 336 
 IRVINE 
 
 Col., 181 
 
 Andrew Lieut . , 181 
 
 Jane, 760 
 
 Robert, 182 
 
 William Col., 284(2) 
 
 William Maj. Gen., 191 
 IRWIN 
 
 Col., 339 
 
 Miss., 558 
 
 A. L., 546 
 
 Abraham, 161 
 
 Andrew, 223 
 
 Ann, 827 
 
 Archibald, 592 
 
 -55- 
 
 IRWIN continued 
 
 Catherine, 822, 825 
 
 Charles, 179 
 
 Charles B., 826 
 
 Christ, 584 
 
 Christian, 154 
 
 Christopher, 161 
 
 Ellen, 827 
 
 George, 240, 827 
 
 Henrietta, 827 
 
 Isaac, 242, 479 
 
 J. Montgomery, 421 
 
 James, 184, 206, 216, 245, 
 
 592, 568(2) 
 James A., 516 
 Jane, 827 
 Jared Col., 236 
 John, 153, 241, 577, 584, 
 
 610, 823, 825 
 John Maj., 827 
 Margaret, 871 
 Mary, 827 
 Mary Maclay, 827 
 Matthew, 305 
 Sallie, 827 
 Samuel, 558 
 Sarah, 823 
 Sidney, 826 
 Stephenson, 826 
 William, 240, 244, 419, 589, 
 
 594, 822, 825 
 William Maclay, 827 
 IRWINS 
 
 the, 594 
 ISHMAIL 
 
 Benjamin, 182 
 IVES 
 
 Mr., 654 
 
 Charlotte B., 654 
 Charlotte B. Stewart, 654 
 Chauncey, 634, 654, 575 
 Chauncey P., 654 
 Ellen C, 654 
 Emma, 654 .^_^ 
 Qmna C. Culberts3n, 634 
 IZER 
 
 G. W., 525 
 JACK 
 
 Andrew, 650 
 
 James, 153(2), 154, 216, 
 
 589(2), 612 
 Jimmy, 453(2) 
 
 John, 185, 195, 199(2), 274, 
 402(2), 453, 574, 578, 
 596 
 John F., 419 
 John Jr., 199 
 Margaret Mrs., 199 
 Patrick, 154, 183, 184, 311, 
 
 578, 904 
 Robert,, 312, 453, 585 
 Samuel, 578, 610 
 Thomas , 154 
 William, 154, 594 
 JACKS 
 
 Robert, 597 
 JACKSON 
 
 Andrew, 179, 810, 965 
 Andrew Gen., 671 
 George, 351 
 
History of Franklin Covinty, Pennsylvania 
 
 JACKSON continued 
 
 James , 342 
 
 John, 588 
 
 M. J., 294 
 
 "Stonewall" 359 
 
 Thomas, 585 
 
 W. A. Rev., 570 
 JACOB 
 
 Martin, 589 
 JACOBS 
 
 Capt., 169 
 
 Elizabeth A., 964 
 
 George, 395, 531, 964 
 
 John, 598(3) 
 
 John D., 389 
 
 M. Prof., 718 
 
 Martin, 588 
 
 W. C, 259 
 JACOBY 
 
 & Bro., 441 
 
 George, 472 
 
 Jonathan, 395 
 JAMES 
 
 Capt., 339 
 
 George W. , 780 
 
 Mesech, 155 
 
 Meszech, 569 
 
 Susan M. , 780 
 JAMESON 
 
 A., 525 
 JAMIESON 
 
 Ensign, 169 
 
 Francis, 179 
 JAMISON 
 
 Mr., 463 
 
 Andrew, 609 
 
 David Dr., 280 
 
 William, 243 
 JARRET 
 
 Mrs., 454 
 
 Harriet, 494 
 
 Margaret, 494 
 JARRETt^ 
 
 Col.; 339 
 
 Elizabeth, 698 
 
 Emma C, 692 
 
 George, 209 
 
 Jacob, 453, 692 
 
 John H., 225, 340 
 
 Robert, 182 
 JASONSKY 
 
 George, 243 
 JEFERY 
 
 John, 578 
 JEFFERSON 
 
 Mr., 439 
 
 Hamilton, 492, 609 
 
 Thomas, 405, 823 
 JEFFERY 
 
 John, 241 
 JEFFREY 
 
 Catherine, 903 
 JEFFREYS 
 
 Alex. , 574 
 JEFFRIES 
 
 Benjamin, 578 
 
 Jennie, 808 
 
 John Capt., 354, 454, 455 
 
 Samuel, 211 
 JENKINS 
 
 JENKINS continued 
 
 , 553 
 
 Cen., 363, 364 
 
 Mr., 362, 366, 369, 644 
 
 A. G., 365 
 
 A. G. Brig. Gen., 361 
 Robert Hon., 429 
 
 JENNINGS 
 
 George, 419 
 
 Wni. Col., 718 
 JESSE 
 
 Mr., 445 
 JOANS 
 
 Dennice , 590 
 JOBLIER 
 
 Robert, 179 
 JOHN 
 
 Abel, 589 
 
 Christian, 239 
 
 David, 926 
 JOHNS 
 
 Mr., 654 
 
 Mrs., 456 
 
 Abel, 588(2) 
 
 B. F., 504, 654 
 Elizabeth, 654 
 Enoch, 241 
 Jacob, 767 
 Leonard S . , 420 
 Lydia, 767 
 Mary, 654, 678 
 Michial S., 243 
 Samuel, 583, 654 
 Thomas, 454, 462, 473, 
 
 608 
 JOHNSON 
 
 Col., 339 
 
 Gov., 710 
 
 Mr., 365, 366, 369 
 
 A., 904 
 
 Andrew, 400 
 
 Ann, 742, 743 
 
 Bradley T. Gen., 383 
 
 Daniel, 582 
 
 David, 154 
 
 Edward, 365 
 
 Eliza M. , 559 
 
 Elizabeth, 318 
 
 J. & Sons, 906 
 
 James, 561 
 
 Jane, 742 
 
 Jeremiah R., 312 
 
 John, 154, 183, 184, 193, 
 419, 818 
 
 Maria, 285, 717 
 
 Martha, 559 
 
 Nathaniel, 154 
 
 Samuel, 243, 285 
 
 Susan, 939 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 
 Thomas Col., 559 
 
 William, 246, 351, 409 
 JOHNSONS 
 
 The, 597 
 JOHNSTON 
 
 Dr., 284 
 
 Gov., 628 
 
 Mr., 339, 681, 821, 
 879 
 
 Squire, 919 
 
 -56- 
 
 JOHNSTON continued 
 
 A. Moncrieff, 879 
 Abbey, 919 
 
 Adda Grace, 947 
 Albert, 920 
 
 Albert Sidney Gen. , 937 
 Albertha, 920 
 Alexander, 591, 868 
 Alexander M. , 878 
 Alice May, 947 
 Amanda, 919 
 Anna, 919 
 Archibald, 565 
 Arthur, 920 
 
 B. Mr., 465 
 
 Benjamin, 594, 919, 920 
 Bettie, 947 
 Catharine, 947 
 
 D., 534(2) 
 
 Daniel, 947(2) 
 
 Daniel V., 947 
 
 David, 241, 595 
 
 Edward, 154, 920 
 
 Eleanor, 821 
 
 Elizabeth, 879, 919(2) 
 
 Ella E., 879 
 
 Esther, 868 
 
 Esther R. , 878 
 
 Francis, 591 
 
 George, 204, 594, 919(4) 
 920 
 
 George V., 919(2) 
 
 George W. , 209 
 
 Grover Cleveland, 947 
 
 H. v., 947 
 
 Harvey, 610 
 
 Henry, 151, 556, 568 
 
 James, 151, 153(2), 185, 200 
 206, 244, 394, 555, 559, 
 560, 580, 588(2), 612, 879, 
 919(3) 
 
 James Col., 284 
 
 Jane, 919(3) 
 
 John, 149, 182, 185, 189, 
 192, 202(2), 204, 206, 
 209, 243, 459, 526, 535, 
 555, 560, 565, 585, 589, 
 594, 596, 598, 919(4), 
 947(2) 
 
 John Mrs. 919 
 
 John E., 919 
 
 John F., 947 
 
 John v., 919 
 
 Joseph, 205, 919(2), 920 
 
 Joseph E. Gen., 361 
 
 Lucy, 919 
 
 Maggie, 879 
 
 Margaret, 824, 919(2) 
 
 Margaret Emeline, 849 
 
 Margaretta R., 878 
 
 Maria, 868 
 
 Martha, 701, 919 
 
 Martha B., 932 
 
 Martha J., 920 
 
 Mary, 919(3), 947(2) 
 
 Mary C, 848 
 
 Mary H. , 871 
 
 Minnie Kate, 947 
 
 Missouri, 947 
 
 Nancy, 492, 879 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 JOHNSTON continued 
 Nannie, 879 
 Nettie, 947 
 Peter, 153 
 R. C, 435, 920 
 Rebecca, 919(2) 
 Robert, 240, 560, 592, 
 
 919(3) 
 Robert Dr., 189, 191, 284 
 
 424, 560 
 Robert C, 919 
 Sally, 919 
 Samuel, 868, 919 
 Samuel H., 879 
 Sarah, 492, 919(2), 947 
 T. C, 526 
 Thomas, 151, 185, 196, 
 
 200, 243, 284, 393, 402, 
 
 543, 580, 591, 849 
 Thomas C, 878 
 Thos., Esq., 560 
 William, 224, 492, 560, 
 
 574, 596, 920, 932 
 William H., 947 
 William Rankin, 919 
 JOHNSTONS 
 
 433, 563, 598 
 
 JOTHS 
 
 Anna M. , 779 
 JONES 
 
 Capt., 382 
 
 Dr., 748 
 
 Lt., 336 
 
 Mr., 309 
 
 Rev., 583 
 
 Abraham, 169 
 
 Agnes, 837 
 
 Carrie B., 387 
 
 Christiana, 899 
 
 Dargo B. Rev., 582 
 
 David, 837 
 
 E. G. Dr., 747 
 
 Elizabeth A. , 837 
 
 Francis, 152 
 
 George E., 837 
 
 H., 747 
 
 H. W., 441, 609 
 
 Harvey W. , 837 
 
 Henry, 169 
 
 Humphrey, 151 
 
 J. M., 525 
 
 Jacob, 169, 837 
 
 James, 245, 747, 837 
 
 James M. , 435, 837 
 
 Jane Haddesa, 747 
 
 Jeremiah B., 223 
 
 Jesse, 837 
 
 John, 154, 161, 580, 
 
 837 
 John A., 747, 837 
 John E., 837 
 John H., 837 
 John M., 492, 609 
 John W. , 349 
 Joseph, 565, 837 
 Lincoln, 837 
 Mary J., 837 
 Oliver F., 293, 837 
 Oliver F., 293, 837 
 Richmond T., 605 
 
 JONES continued 
 
 Robert G., 837 
 
 Samuel, 152, 565, 577, 
 837 
 
 Sarah, 837 
 
 Thomas, 242 
 
 W. E., 365 
 
 William, 340 
 JORDAN 
 
 D., 584 
 
 Daniel, 588 
 
 David, 585 
 
 Francis Col., 827(2) 
 
 Frederick, 745 
 
 George, 745 
 
 Mary, 588, 745, 827 
 
 Mary B., 745 
 
 S. C, 526 
 
 Samuel, 154, 585, 588 
 
 Zacharia, 582 
 JUDICK 
 
 & Wilhelm Co., 734 
 
 Joseph, 734 
 JUMP 
 
 Alfred P., 422 
 JUSTICE 
 
 Mr., 191 
 
 George, 179 
 
 Jacob, 182, 594 
 
 Robert, 595 
 KAELIN 
 
 Joseph Rev. , 655 
 KAGI 
 
 , 323 
 
 H., 323 
 
 J. H., 321 
 
 John Henri, 323 
 KAIN 
 
 Francis, 182 
 
 Thomas, 242 
 KALM 
 
 Elizabeth, 521 
 
 Jacob, 521 
 KAMEL 
 
 Anamaria, 522 
 KARHNER 
 
 Nancy, 740 
 KARPER 
 
 Elizabeth, 810 
 
 Frederick, 464 
 
 Frederick C, 230 
 
 Jacob A., 225 
 
 Joseph, 923 
 
 Lydia, 923 
 
 Philip, 230, 440 
 
 William, 225 
 KARR 
 
 Leander, 606 
 
 Robert, 606 
 KASNER 
 
 Adam, 578 
 KASY 
 
 John Jr. , 345 
 KAUFFMAN 
 
 Dr., 716 
 
 A. G., 780 
 
 Abraham, 715, 716, 780 
 
 Alice, 780 
 
 Andrew, 715, 716, 780 
 
 Andrew G., 780 
 
 -57- 
 
 KAUFFMAN continued 
 
 Anna, 780(2) 
 
 Anna Maria, 716 
 
 Barbara, 789 
 
 Byers M. , 781 
 
 Catherine, 716 
 
 Christian, 780 
 
 Edward, 668 
 
 Elizabeth C, 781 
 
 Emma, 780 
 
 George R. , 293 
 
 George R. Dr., 656, 715, 
 716, 880 
 
 Henry, 716, 780 
 
 Jacob, 205, 716, 780 
 
 John, 716, 780(2) 
 
 Laura B., 781 
 
 Leslie M. , 716 
 
 Margaret, 780 
 
 Maria, 715, 716 
 
 Maria Frantz, 780 
 
 Martha E. Kisecker, 716 
 
 Mary E. Miles, 668 
 
 Mary Edith, 781 
 
 Nancy, 780 
 
 Nora Emma, 781 
 
 Samuel, 715, 780(2) 
 
 Tobias B., 353 
 
 William, 780 
 KAUFMAN 
 
 Mr., 309, 655 
 
 Abraham, 816 
 
 Abram C, 201 
 
 Catherine, 816 
 
 Elizabeth, 655 
 
 Jacob, 655 
 
 John B., 213(2), 296, 435, 
 315, 583, 586(2), 655(3) 
 813 
 
 Sarah B., 816 
 
 Susannah, 655 
 KAUFMANS 
 
 The, 655 
 KAUTZ 
 
 Benjamin F. Rev., 570 
 KcCONNELL 
 
 James-Look up McConnell, 245 
 KEAGEY 
 
 George, 349 
 KEAGY 
 
 Mrs., 656 
 
 Anna Eliza, 656 
 
 Athelia, 656 
 
 Bertha, 656 
 
 Franklin, 655 
 
 John , 655 
 
 Katie, 656 
 
 Mollie, 656 
 
 Rudolph, 655 
 
 S. H., 482 
 
 Samuel S., 656 
 
 Sarah, 655, 656 
 KEAKNEY 
 
 Franklin Gen. , 895 
 
 Philip Gen., 895 
 KEARNEY* s 
 
 Division, 902 
 REARS EY 
 
 Adaline, 844 
 
 Jacob. 844 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 REARS EY 
 
 Jane, 844 
 KEASE 
 
 Dennis, 154 
 KEASE Y 
 
 Adeline, 913 
 
 Barbara, 763 
 
 John, 580, 763 
 
 John, 580, 763 
 
 John Mrs., 763 
 KECHLER 
 
 Christopher, 182 
 KECKLER 
 
 Elizabeth, 722 
 KEEDY 
 
 C. L., 536 
 M. L., 422 
 
 REEFER 
 
 Abraham, 226, t64, 806, 
 313 
 
 Abraham Sr. , 493 
 
 Alice E., 921 
 
 Amanda E , , 767 
 
 Anna, 806 
 
 Anna E., 814 
 
 Augustus, 814 
 
 Benjamin, 464, 493 
 REEFER 
 
 Bradley, 266 
 
 0. T., 395 
 
 0. W., 806 
 
 Carrie G., 814 
 
 Catharine, 961 
 
 Charlotte, 767 
 
 Christian, 464 
 
 Christian, 813 
 
 Clayton, 814 
 
 Cyrus, 813 
 
 Cyrus E., 814 
 
 Cyrus T., 813, 814 
 
 D., 705 
 
 D. B., 551, 552 
 Daniel Rev., 535 
 Daniel H., 806 
 Dewalt, 205, 586 
 DeWalt, 813, 814 
 Elberta, 814 
 Eliza, 652, 814 
 Elizabeth, 806, 814, 906 
 Ellen, 806 
 
 Emma V., 806, 906 
 
 Grant Dewalt, 814 
 
 Hannah, 806 
 
 Henry, 266(2), 806, 906 
 
 Henry D., 806 
 
 Hezekiah, 486 
 
 Hileman, 814 
 
 Ida, 806 
 
 Ida E., 814, 
 
 Isaac, 814 
 
 J. P., 266 
 
 Jacob, 241, 767, 961 
 
 Jacob R . , 8 14 
 
 Jacob R. Mrs., 814 
 
 Jeremiah, 246 
 
 Jerome H. , 806 
 
 John, 692 
 
 John P., 961 
 
 Levina, 806 
 
 Lydia A., 814 
 
 REEFER continued 
 
 M. A., ^66(2) 
 
 M. A. 6, Co., 441 
 
 Margaret, 806 
 
 Mary, 806, 878 
 
 Mary J., 814(2) 
 
 Mary L. , 907 
 
 Moses, 814 
 
 Peter, 241, 921 
 
 Rebecca, 813 
 
 Samuel, 806 
 
 Susan, 806 
 
 Susie E., 692 
 
 W. S., 814(2) 
 
 Wesley G., 806 
 
 William, 652 
 
 William B., 806, 814 
 
 William E., 806 
 
 William S., 435, 41J, 
 814 
 
 Lewis, 225 
 REEFOVEB 
 
 Rebecca, 870 
 REER 
 
 Danl., 561 
 REELY 
 
 Emma R., 846 
 REENY 
 
 Emma, 432 
 
 Emmy, 32 
 
 John, 832 
 KEEPER 
 
 Hall, 479 
 REEFERS 
 
 Joseph, 350 
 REER 
 
 John, 560 
 RESSER 
 
 Philip, 585 
 KEEVER 
 
 James, 241 
 KEFAGER 
 
 Minnie Kate, 947 
 REFAGER 
 
 William, 947 
 REFMER 
 
 Levi C, 229 
 KEFORT 
 
 Henry, 153 
 REGARRIES 
 
 Amox, 747(2) 
 
 Mary, 747 
 
 Sarah R. , 747 
 KEGERRIES 
 
 Jacob, 606 
 
 Jacob Mrs . , 606 
 
 John, 224, 606(2) 
 
 Mary A., 224, 606, 925 
 
 Amos R. , 346 
 REGGEWEIS 
 
 Michael, J51 
 KEHL 
 
 Peter, 598 
 REIFER 
 
 Mr., 603 
 
 Moses, 549 
 KEILER 
 
 Henry, 493 
 REIM 
 
 William H. Ma j . Gen., 339 
 
 -58- 
 
 KEIS 
 
 John , 226 
 REISEL 
 
 George, 464 
 
 Susan, 900 
 REITER 
 
 M. F., 495 
 KEITH 
 
 Andrew, 179 
 
 William H., 540, 582 
 KELKER 
 
 Jacob, 243 
 KELL 
 
 Mr., 254 
 
 Alice, 814 
 
 Eliza, 814 
 
 Frederick, 814 
 
 James, 814(2) 
 
 James P., 814 
 
 James R. , 814 
 
 Martha, 814 
 KELLENOUGH 
 
 John, 183 
 KELLER 
 
 , 551 
 
 Mr., V83 
 
 Adam, 421 
 
 Bradley, Crowell, 704 
 
 David, 242, 574, 576, 797 
 
 Elizabeth, 769 
 
 Franklin, 550 
 
 George, 769 
 
 J. F., 704 
 
 Jacob, 574, 575 
 
 Jacob Rev . , 606 
 
 Joseph, 601 
 
 Mary E. , 796 
 
 Richard, 239 
 RELLERS 
 
 The, 575 
 KELLEY 
 
 Rev. , 496 
 
 Alanson W. , 294 
 
 Charles, 594 
 
 Rem, 183 
 
 Reuben E., 582 
 
 William L, , 419 
 KELLOGG 
 
 Josiah H., 350 
 RELLY 
 
 Charles, 183 
 
 Edward, 580 
 
 H. M. , 473 
 
 James, 223, 419, 585, 592 
 
 John, 169, 182, 463 
 
 Michael, 179 
 
 Thomas, 179 
 
 William, 578, 580 
 RELSO 
 
 Mary, 923 
 KEMMERER 
 
 Margaret , 703 
 RENDALL 
 
 Mr., 516 
 
 Mary, 599 
 RENDIG 
 
 Mr., 309 
 
 David E., 226 
 
 Henry B. , 345, 351(2), 352 
 
 Jacob, 435 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 KENDIG continued 
 
 Lottie A., 226 
 
 William H., 351, 352 
 KENEAGY 
 
 John, 598 
 KENEDY 
 
 John, 580 
 
 Mary, 968 
 
 Thomas, 592 
 KENNARD 
 
 C. L., 609 
 KENNEDAY 
 
 Win., 596 
 KENNEDY 
 
 , 322 
 
 Dr., 668 
 
 Judge, 265 
 
 Mr., 195, 602, 640, 656 
 717 
 
 Mrs., 552, 717 
 
 Rev. Mr., 961 
 
 Adam, 717 
 
 Andrew, 223 
 
 Ann, 716 
 
 Arianna S. Riddle, 656 
 
 Catherine, 716, 717, 730 
 
 Catherine B . , 716 
 
 Charles, 717(2) 
 
 Charlotte, 561, 717 
 
 Cyrus, 553, 717(2) 
 
 David, 151, 153, 556, . 
 561, 592, 593, 717(3) 
 
 E. A., 593 
 
 Elias D. , 857 
 
 Elizabeth, 717(2) 
 
 Ella, 717 
 
 Ellen, 561 
 
 Ellen H., 634 
 
 G. W. , 553 
 
 George, 717 
 
 George W. , 351, 352 
 
 Harriet, 561, 717 
 
 Henry, 717 
 
 Hugh, 716(2), 849 
 
 J. F., 329 
 
 J. F. Rev., 305 
 
 Jacob, 717 
 
 James, 265, 716(2), 730 
 
 James Judge, 656 
 
 James Lieut., 355 
 
 James Rev., 707 
 
 James D. , 716 
 
 James F., 486(2) 
 
 James F. rev., 489, 504 
 603 
 
 James J., 416 
 
 James J. Hon, 265, 634 
 
 James S., 294 
 
 Jane , 545 
 
 John, 154, 545, 560, 561, 
 
 592, 716(3), 717(2), 
 758, 849, 850 
 
 John Mrs . , 850 
 Joseph, 717 
 Joseph B., 716(2) 
 Joshua, 312, 601, 716 
 Joshua Rev., 305, 602, 716 
 Lazarus, 138, 561(2), 
 
 593, 716, 717(2), 731 
 Lazarus Jr. , 717 
 
 KENNEDY continued 
 
 Lou Mrs . , 331 
 
 Louisa, 331, 717 
 
 Margaret, 716, 717, 850 
 
 Maria, 717(2) 
 
 Mary, 561, 593, 717(3) 
 
 Mary D. . 545 
 
 Mary E., 731 
 
 Mathew, 244 
 
 Paxton, 717 
 
 R. Rev., 593 
 
 Rachel, 716 
 
 Robert, 329 
 
 Robert Rev., 545, 587, 
 593(2), 611, 866 
 
 Samanda, 717 
 
 Samuel, 181 
 
 Sarah, 758 
 
 Scott, 717 
 
 Stewart, 677 
 
 Susan, 710, 717 
 
 Susan A., 710 
 
 T. B., 390, 465, 504, 
 917 
 
 T. M. , 291(3) 
 
 Thomas, 201 
 
 Thomas J., 716 
 
 Thomas B., 214, 233, 
 329, 359, 384, 420, 
 474, 503, 656, 687 
 
 Thos. M., 291, 293 
 
 Washington, 717 
 
 William, 254, 421, 716 
 
 William Holmes, 716 
 KENNON 
 
 John, 223 
 KENT 
 
 Alfred J., 346 
 KER 
 
 Eliza, 866 
 
 Leander Rev. , 866 
 KERECOFF 
 
 N. A. Rev., 595 
 KERLIN 
 
 Mr., 868 
 
 Elizabeth, 910 
 
 family, 910 
 
 Frederick, 482 
 
 Hannah, 910 
 
 John, 910 
 
 Peter, 910 
 
 Richard, 910 
 KERN 
 
 Jacob, 491 
 
 Mark Capt., 341 
 KERNS 
 
 Rev., 496 
 KERO 
 
 Michael, 594 
 KERPATRICK 
 
 Joseph, 588 
 KERR 
 
 James, 153, 578 
 
 John, 154(2), 274, 
 461, 576, 578, 588, 
 596 
 
 John E., 224 
 
 John S., 225 
 
 Mary, 588 
 
 Robert, 169, 580 
 
 KERR continued 
 
 William, 169 
 KERREL 
 
 Hugh, 170 
 
 Hugh, 155, 568 
 KERRIHER 
 
 George, 574 
 
 John, 574 
 KERSHNER 
 
 E. C, 529 
 KESLER 
 
 A. M., 493, 540 
 KESSECKER 
 
 Anna Eve, 701 
 KESSEL 
 
 John, 464 
 KESSLER 
 
 J. S., 314 
 
 Jacob , 494 
 KESTER 
 
 Michael, 241 
 KETTLING 
 
 Lewis, 179 
 KEYSER 
 
 Mr., 309, 657 
 
 Andrew, 575, 576 
 
 Andrew Mrs., 576 
 
 Anna Maria, 656 
 
 Benjamin, 204, 656 
 
 Catherine, 678 
 
 Elizabeth, 676, 697(2) 
 
 H. C, 205 
 
 Hiram, 445 
 
 Hiram C, 201, 420, 656 
 
 John K., 435 
 
 Jonathan, 244 
 
 Lewis , 344 
 
 M. H., 619 
 
 May R., 870 
 
 Michael, 611 
 
 Michael H., 229 
 
 Sarah E., 619 
 KIBLER 
 
 , 546 
 
 KICC 
 
 Robert, 223 
 KIEFER 
 
 J. Spangler Rev., 173 
 
 Mary M. , 619 
 KIEFFER 
 
 Mrs., 529, 530 
 
 Abraham, 876, 904 
 
 Cyrus T., 779 
 
 Elizabeth, 876 
 
 Emma F., 904 
 
 Emma L. Mrs., 779 
 
 Frances Ann Mrs., 876 
 
 Hannah, 876 
 
 Ida E., 779 
 
 Moses D. D. (Rev.), 576 
 
 Peter, 876 
 KIERS 
 
 Win., 560 
 KIESACKER 
 
 C. Keifer, 729 
 
 Emma P., 729 
 KILGORE 
 
 Miss, 762 
 
 Jeremiah, 580 
 
 Joseph, 184, 580 • 
 
 -59- 
 
History of Franklin Coiinty, Pennsylvania 
 
 561 
 
 KILLER 
 
 Felty, 
 KILLIN 
 
 John, 182 
 KILLINGER 
 John, 831 
 Susan, 831 
 KILPATRICK 
 Col., 379 
 
 Gen., 374, 376, 379, 381 
 KIMMEL 
 
 F. M. Hon. (Judge), 310, 
 314 
 KILPATRICK 
 
 Judson, Gen., 380 
 KIMMELL 
 Anna, 918 
 F. M. , 657, 910 
 F. M., 390 
 
 F. M. (Judge), 677, 954 
 (Judge), 174, 620, 932 
 (Judge), 356, 359, 
 
 369, 371 
 Francis M. , 416, 420 
 Jacob, 657 
 Margaret, 657 
 Mary M. , 677 
 KIMPEL 
 
 Ambrose, 807 
 Catherine, 806, 807 
 Edward, 807 
 Elizabeth, 807 
 Elouises, 807 
 George, 807 
 John, 806 
 John W., 807 
 Louisa, 807 
 Martha, 807 
 Mary M. , 807 
 William, 806 
 KINCAID 
 
 John, 185, 578 
 KINDIG 
 
 (Miss), 775 
 David E., 353 
 Jacob, 226 
 KINDLINE 
 
 & Gillan, 648 
 & Wallace, 697 
 Wallace Co., 697 
 George, 389 
 John, 243 
 Leonard, 697 
 KINEN 
 
 Chas., 820 
 Cidonia C. , 820 
 KING 
 
 (Dr.), 425, 509, 961 
 (Judge), 416, 827 
 (Miss), 657 
 (Mr.), 657, 658 
 (Rev.), 607 
 (Rev.) (Dr.), 848 
 A. (Hon.), 681 
 Agnes, 848 
 Alexander, 415 
 Charles I., 142 
 Charles 11, 439 
 Crissly, 560 
 D. , 534 
 
 KING continued 
 David A., 658 
 Emma, 657 
 Emma L. , 688 
 Ferdinand, 439 
 George, 226 
 George II, 402, 960 
 Herod, 173 
 James , 430 
 
 James I of England, 141 
 James II, 821 
 Jane, 657 
 
 John, 212, 223(2), 239, 
 
 243, 351, 352, 394, 
 
 363, 574 657(2), 688, 
 
 825, 826 
 
 John (Dr.), 184, 424(2) 
 
 John (Rev.) 223(2), 431 
 
 515, 572 
 John S., 335 
 Joseph R., 582 
 Lemuel, 657 
 Louisa, 657, 826 
 Margaiet, 826 
 Mary Eleanor, 826 
 Mary S. Maclay, 657, 688 
 Mary Sharpe, 825, 826 
 Mathew, 241 
 Nathaniel, 241 
 Newman & Co., 658 
 Robert, 226 
 Rosana, 658, 741 
 Samuel, 480, 520, 
 
 826 
 Sarah, 657 
 Sarah A. , 826 
 Saul, 423 
 
 Susan J. Seabrooks, 658 
 Thomas C, 343 
 William, 241 
 KINGREY 
 
 Christian, 596 
 Peter, 610 
 KINGS 
 
 235 
 
 KINKAID 
 
 Thomas, 578 
 KINKEL 
 
 Margaret, 913 
 Samuel, 913 
 KINKLE 
 
 M. S., 552 
 KINNAIRD 
 
 Wm., 578 
 KINNEARD 
 
 Mr., 253, 254 
 William, 242 
 KINPORTS 
 John, 624 
 Lucy M., 624 
 Mary, 624 
 KINSEY 
 
 John, 402 
 KINSLER 
 
 Charles W. , 344, 345 
 KINTER 
 
 Ann E. Mrs., 925 
 KINZER 
 
 Nathaniel, 793 
 KIPE 
 
 -60- 
 
 KIPE continued 
 
 James W., 350 
 KIRBY 
 
 Mr. Sr., 463 
 
 D. B., 252, 480 
 
 E. W. , 492 
 
 James R., 205, 212, 325 
 
 R. W., 570 
 
 Thomas, 312 
 
 William, 574, 578 
 KIRK 
 
 John, 560 
 KIRKHAM 
 
 Mr., 445 
 KIRKPATRICK 
 
 Mr., 650 
 
 Agnes, 754 
 
 Ann, 748 
 
 Anna E., 748 
 
 Clara M. , 748 
 
 Edward, 738, 748(2) 
 
 Edward N., 748 
 
 Francis, 748 
 
 Francis Mrs., 748 
 
 Harry M. , 748 
 
 & Hoke, 650 
 
 James, 154, 754 
 
 John, 154(2), 584(2), 596 
 
 John Dr., 154(2) 
 
 John H., 748 
 
 Joseph, 578 
 Martha A., 754 
 Mary E., 748 
 Minnie G., 748 
 Moses, 595 
 Nancy J., 748 
 SamvE 1 A. , 748 
 Temperance, 738 
 W. G., 583, 748 
 William B. , 748 
 William G. , 748 
 KIRKWOOD 
 
 James, ^241 
 KIRLIN 
 
 Frederick, 482 
 KISECKER 
 Mr., 718 
 Mrs., 717 
 Andrew H., 718 
 Annie L., 718 
 C. Keefer, 440 
 Charles N., 718 
 David E., 718 
 Eliza, 716, 717 
 Elizabeth B., 718 
 Ella A., 717 
 Eva, 874 
 John, 716, 717 
 John W., 718 
 M. W., 553, (2) 
 Martha E., 716 
 Mary E., 718 
 Mathias W. , 717 
 Mathias W. Jr., 718 
 Sarah, 711 
 RISER 
 
 Andrew, 574 
 KISH 
 
 , 423 
 
 ki^ECKer 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 KISSECKGR continued 
 
 Andrew K. , 174 
 
 M. W., 434 
 KISTLER 
 
 I. Rev., 595 
 KITCART 
 
 John, 585 
 KITHPATRICK 
 
 Mn., 585 
 KITZMILLER 
 
 Catherine, 941 
 
 Mary C, 924 
 
 William, 924 
 KLAF ADDLE 
 
 , 546 
 
 KIIE 
 
 John, 520 
 KLINE 
 
 Andrew J., 711 
 
 Anna Maria, 711 
 
 george W., 340 
 
 John E., 294 
 
 John E. Dr., 617 
 
 Martha J. Adams, 617 
 
 Seth, 213 
 
 William, 241 
 RUNEFELTER 
 
 Mr., 718 
 
 Adam, 718 
 
 Anna E., 718 
 
 Bnma Wilson, 718 
 
 F. Rev., 546 
 
 Frederick, 546 
 
 Frederick Capt., 718 
 
 Frederick Rev, 571, 718 
 
 Sarah, 718 
 KLIPPERT 
 
 John Jr. , 661 
 
 Sophia, 661 
 KLIFFINGER 
 
 Anthony, 740, 750, 837, 
 840 
 
 Catherine, 740 
 
 Elizabeth, 840 
 
 Lavina, 837 
 
 Maria B., 750 
 
 Mary, 750, 837, 840 
 KLOCK 
 
 Carrie M. 911 
 
 Charles E., 911 
 
 Daniel, 910 
 
 David W., 911 
 
 Eleanor C, 911 
 
 Elizabeth, 910 
 
 Hannah M., 911 
 
 Jacob, 910 
 
 John, 910 
 
 John H., 911 
 
 Peter, 910 
 KLUGHS 
 
 the, 445 
 KLUNK 
 
 Mr., 462 
 KNABE 
 
 Ann Maria, 713 
 KNAFFENBERGER 
 
 Mrs., 529, 530 
 
 Rev., 174 
 
 Ellen L., 861 
 
 J. W, Rev., 174, 521, 
 
 KNAPPENBERGER continued 
 
 J. W. Rev. cont. 525, 571 
 
 J. William Rev,, 860 
 
 S. Sr., 860 
 KNAUBER 
 
 Henry Jr. , 549 
 KNAUE 
 
 Prucilla, 807 
 KNAVE 
 
 Catharine, 947 
 KNEFF 
 
 George, 894 
 
 Susan, 894 
 KNEPPER 
 
 Mra, 783 
 
 Abraham, 612 
 
 & Elden, 888 
 
 Caroline, 891 
 
 David, 226, 888, 890 
 
 Elizabeth, 888 
 
 George, 888, 890 
 
 Jacob, 891 
 
 Jonatha, 893 
 
 Mazy, 890 
 
 Mattie, 893 
 
 Nettie, 890 
 
 Rebecca, 893 
 
 Susan, 766 
 KNIFE 
 
 Gen., 363 
 KNISLEY 
 
 Catherine, 920 
 
 Jacob, 920 
 
 Jacob B., 920 
 
 Laura H. Mrs., 920 
 
 Leah, 920 
 
 Martha, 920 
 
 Mary A., 920 
 
 Samuel, 203, 226, 435, 
 440, 920 
 KNODE 
 
 Oliver, 346 
 KNOP 
 
 Philip, 590 
 KNOPF 
 
 Philip, 596 
 KNOX 
 
 Rev. Dr., 414 
 
 Elizabeth H., 869 
 
 family, 869 
 
 James, 556 
 
 John, 566, 847 
 
 John Rev. , 869 
 
 Margaret, 869(2) 
 
 „atrick, 154, 609 
 
 Polly, 689 
 
 Rebecca, 869 
 
 Samuel, 869(2) 
 
 Samuel Dr., 869 
 
 Thomas, 185, 578 
 KNYFHAUSEN 
 
 Gen., 180 
 KOBLER 
 
 Madeline, 675 
 
 Magdalena, 676 
 KOCH 
 
 Adam, 472,(2) 
 KOHLER 
 
 Allison F., 604 
 
 Ellas, 350 
 
 -61- 
 
 KOHLER continued 
 
 John H., 293, 604 
 KOHN 
 
 John, 817 
 
 Priscilla, 817 
 
 Michael, 828 
 KOHR 
 
 Nancy, 828 
 KOLB 
 
 Maggie, 755 
 
 William F., 755 
 KOLPS 
 
 , 145 
 
 KOOKER 
 
 John R. Rev., 576 
 KOONS 
 
 Dr., 534 
 
 Catharine, 722 
 
 Daniel, 947 
 
 Elizabeth, 722 
 
 Gamble S., 744 
 
 James G., 744 
 
 Mary, 947 
 
 Theodore, 336 
 
 Wesley, 722 
 
 William S., 722 
 
 Zilla A., 744 
 KOONTZ 
 
 Elizabeth, 818 
 
 George, 244 
 
 H. C.,205 
 
 Jacob, 602 
 
 Theodore, 552 
 KOPP 
 
 Christine, 885 
 
 William Rev., 611 
 LOPT 
 
 William Rev. , 570 
 KORT 
 
 Daniel, 703 
 
 Elizabeth, 703 
 KOSER 
 
 Christian, 172 
 
 David, 920 
 
 Elizabeth, 920(2) 
 
 Jacob, 920(2) 
 
 Jacob Mrs., 920 
 
 Jennie Mrs. 794 
 
 John J., 920 
 
 Lydia, 920 
 
 Mary, 920 
 
 Newton A., 920 
 
 Samuel, 920(2) 
 
 Susan, 920 
 KOUNTZ 
 
 Balthazar, 577 
 KOVEL 
 
 Abram, 574 
 KOYLER 
 
 Henry, 246 
 KRAFT 
 
 David, 464 
 
 David Jr., 464 
 
 John, 464 
 
 Samuel , 246 
 KRAMER 
 
 Franklin Rev., 603 
 KREBS 
 
 Rev., 613 
 .J._B.. 541 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 KREBS continued 
 
 J. H., 541 
 
 Jacob, 544 
 
 Walter E. Rev., 512, 536, 
 591 
 KREIDER 
 
 Jacob, 211 
 KREIGH 
 
 Mary A., 951 
 KREIGHBAUM 
 
 Peter, 266 
 KREMER 
 
 F. W. Rev., 613 
 
 Franklin W. Rev., 576 
 
 S. K. Rev., 549 
 KREPPS 
 
 William, 244 
 KREPS 
 
 Albert, 549 
 
 & Prather Co., 710 
 
 Anna M. , 719 
 
 Jacob F., 225 
 
 Jacob R. , 516 
 
 Michael, 529 
 
 P. E., 266 
 
 Sabina A., 687 
 
 Sarah A., 719 
 
 W. C, 174, 546(2) 
 
 W. R., 481 
 
 William, 719 
 
 William C, 422, 434, 719 
 
 William R., 350 
 KRETZER 
 
 L., 534 
 KRIDER 
 
 Christiana, 807 
 
 Fannie, 807 
 
 Henry, 454, 837 
 
 Jacob, 807 
 KRIECHBAUM 
 
 C, 504 
 KRIES 
 
 Magdalene, 918 
 KRIESMER 
 
 Elizabeth, 690 
 KRINER 
 
 Barbara, 879(2) 
 
 Barbara Ellen, 879(2) 
 
 Catharine Elizabeth, 879 
 
 Catharine Rebecca, 879 
 
 Hannah Mary, 879 
 
 Jacob, 879(3) 
 
 Jacob Weley, 879 
 
 John, 879 
 
 John Ramsey, 879 
 
 Kezia, 879 
 
 Keziah Rebecca, 879 
 
 Margaret Catharine, 879 
 
 Ona Frances, 879 
 KROCK 
 
 John, 494 
 KROLL 
 
 Mary, 691 
 KROLY 
 
 D., 325 
 KORTZER 
 
 John, 241 
 KRUMMACHER 
 
 Frederick Wllhelm, 430 
 KUGAL 
 
 KUGAL continued 
 
 Adam, 521 
 KUGEL 
 
 Anamaria, 521 
 KUH 
 
 Jacob, 351 
 KUHN 
 
 Adam, 908, 911 
 
 Adam Dr. , 284 
 
 Alvrin B., 911 
 
 Annie, 809 
 
 Catherine, 911 
 
 Eliza, 927 
 
 Elizabeth, 908, 911 
 
 Ananuel, 213, 225, 
 266, 655 
 
 family, 911 
 
 George, 911 
 
 Isaac, 230 
 
 J. M., 529 
 
 Jennie K., 911 
 
 John, 226, 890 
 
 John J., 911 
 
 John W., 213, 351, 353 
 
 Lillie C, 911 
 
 Minnie E., 911 
 
 N. W., 529(2) 
 
 Nancy, 890 
 
 Nettie, 890 
 
 Nettle M. , 911 
 
 Noah, 349 
 
 Noah W., 353 
 
 Russell S., 911 
 
 Sallie E., 911 
 
 Susan, 921 
 KUHNES 
 
 Nancy, 714 
 
 William M. , 714 
 KUHNLEY 
 
 Lelr, 346 
 KUMBER 
 
 Henry, 314 
 KUNIS 
 
 Henry, 598 
 KUNKEL 
 
 Rev., 603 
 
 A. Belle, 734 
 
 Ada S., 953 
 
 Amanda M. , 734 
 
 C. F. Rev., 595 
 
 C. H., 734 
 
 Christian, 546 
 
 Christian Rev., 734 
 
 Frederick Rev., 734 
 
 J. C, 421 
 
 •Mary, 635 
 KUNKLE 
 
 Anna, 912 
 
 Baltzar, 911 
 
 Candace, 912 
 
 Cyrus M., 912 
 
 Daniel, 911 
 
 Daniel W., 912 
 
 Elizabeth, 911 
 
 family, 911 
 
 George, 911 
 
 George M., 912 
 
 J. A. Rev., 490 
 
 Jacob, 552 
 
 Mary E., 912 
 
 -62- 
 
 KUNKLE continued 
 
 Michael G., 912 
 
 Sarah, 911 
 KUNOLE 
 
 Michael, 585 
 KUNTZ 
 
 Mary, 770 
 KURTH 
 
 John Yost, 703 
 KURTZ 
 
 Capt., 687 
 
 Miss; 795 
 
 Sheriff, 256 
 
 Graham, 766 
 
 Bejijemin, 596 
 
 Benjamin Rev., 490 
 
 Benj. D. D. Rev., 576 
 
 family, 766 
 
 Luther B., 202 
 
 Luther B. Maj . , 350 
 
 Nancy, 766 
 
 Susan, 941 
 KURZ 
 
 A., 491 
 KUY 
 
 George, 244 
 KYCHER 
 
 Fredk., 560 
 KYLE 
 
 Brewster & Co., 606 
 
 Clementine, 839 
 
 David, 245, 606, 839 
 
 George S., 461 
 
 James, 592 
 
 Jerry, 912 
 
 John, 224, 420, 606(2) 
 
 Joseph, 566 
 
 Levina, 912 
 
 Mary, 224 
 
 Robert, 184, 592 
 
 Samuel, 592 
 KYLER 
 
 Barbara, 894 
 
 Heniy, 894 
 
 Peter, 239 
 KYLES 
 
 the, 581 
 KYNER 
 
 Alexander W., 920, 921 
 
 Alexander W. Mrs., 921 
 
 Anna, 921 
 
 Catherine, 921 
 
 David T. Dr., 921 
 
 Elizabeth, 921 
 
 Elizabeth E., 921 
 
 Elvira, 921 
 
 Euphemia C. , 921(2) 
 
 George, 921 
 
 George Mrs., 921 
 
 George A., 921 
 
 Jacob, 757 
 
 Jane A., 921 
 
 John, 205, 921 
 
 Margaret, 921 
 
 Mary, 921(2) 
 
 Mary C.,797 
 La BESSIER 
 
 „, 934 
 
 LaCKENS 
 
 Amanda, 861 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 LACKENS continued 
 
 Annie R. , 861 
 
 Catharine , 846 
 
 Eleanor J., 861 
 
 George, 861(2) 
 
 John, 861(2) 
 
 John R., 851 
 
 John W., 861 
 
 Mary C. , 861 
 
 Rebecca Mrs., 861 
 
 Sarah E. , 861 
 
 William, 861(2) 
 LACKEY 
 
 Jacob , 341 
 
 Vta. Rev., 601 
 LACKMAN 
 
 Joseph, 353 
 LACY 
 
 Gen., 189 
 LADY 
 
 David, 589 
 
 Henry, 590 
 LAFAYETTE 
 
 Gen., 181, 439, 602 
 LAFFERY 
 
 John, 585 
 LAFFIN 
 
 & Rand, 694 
 LAIRD 
 
 Bridget, 842 
 
 Hugh, 842 
 
 John, 155, 569 
 
 Matilda, 842 
 
 Samuel, 154, 605 
 
 William, 842 
 LAMAN 
 
 Martha, 808 
 LAMASTER 
 
 Jacob R., 880 
 
 Jane L., 880 
 
 Jennie, 880 
 
 John, 880 
 
 Hanie, 880 
 
 Mary Jane, 880 
 
 Myrtle, 880 
 
 Sadie E. Mrs., 880 
 
 S;eth, 880 
 LAMB 
 
 George, 185, 574(2) 
 
 Moses, 573 
 LAMBERT 
 
 Dr., 282 
 
 Bruce, 335, 389 
 
 J., 431 
 
 John, 212(2), 291 
 
 John Dr., 282, 290, 389 
 LAMBERTON 
 
 Robert, 588 
 LAME 
 
 W. C.Dr., 282, 290, 389 
 LAMBERTON 
 
 Robert, 588 
 LAME 
 
 W. C. Dr., 256 
 LAMER 
 
 Isaiah, 239 
 LAMOND 
 
 Alex., 592 
 
 James, 592 
 
 John,, 592 
 
 LAMOND continued 
 
 William, 592 
 LANAHAN 
 
 Eliza M. , 559 
 
 John, 525, 609 
 LANCE 
 
 Christopher, 594 
 LANCHASTER 
 
 John, 590 
 LAND 
 
 Samuel, 606 
 LANDERBAUGH 
 
 C, 360 
 LANDIS 
 
 Mr., 948, 949 
 
 A. B., 532 
 
 A. C, 480 
 
 Abraham, 947 
 
 Abraham L. , 781 
 
 Adam, 781 
 
 Adria, 949(2) 
 
 Alex C, 336, 342 
 
 Alexander C, 353 
 
 Amanda, 781 
 
 Amos, 781 
 
 Anna, 781(2), 785 
 
 Anna E. , 949 
 
 Barbara, 781 
 
 Benjamin F., 949(2) 
 
 Benjamin L. , 781 
 
 Benjamin N. , 947 
 
 Catheme, 781 
 
 Christ, 785 
 
 Christian, 781(5) 
 
 Christian L., 781 
 
 Daniel, 78l(2) 
 
 Daniel L., 781 
 
 David D., 781(2) 
 
 Doratha, 831 
 
 Elizabeth, 781(2), 949 
 
 F. F., 532, 533 
 
 Frank H., 949(2) 
 
 Franklin Frick, 947, 948 
 
 Harvey, 781 
 
 Henry, 781 
 
 Ida May, 949 
 
 Jacob, 781 
 
 John, 575, 781, 828 
 
 John L., 781 
 
 Katie, 781 
 
 Lizzie, 781 
 
 Lizzie H., 949 
 
 Lydia P., 947 
 
 Magdalena, 810 
 
 Mark H., 949 
 
 Martha, 781 
 
 Mary, 828 
 
 Mary H., 949(2) 
 
 Michael, 831 
 
 Moses, 781 
 
 Nancy, 781 
 
 Peter, 781 
 
 Rannie L. , 781 
 
 Rhoda, 781 
 
 Samuel, 781 
 
 Susannah, 781 
 LANDON 
 
 A. L., 476 
 LANE 
 
 Dr., 289, 290, 279, 462 
 
 LANE continued 
 
 Dr., cont., 659, 660, 661 
 
 Mr., 658, 659 
 
 Mrs., 530, 658, 660, 861 
 
 Rev., 496 
 
 A. T., Dr., 290 
 
 Anna Barbara, 658 
 
 Augustus H., 660(2), 862 
 
 Bair & Culbertson, 559 
 
 Barbara, 612, 861 
 
 C. A. Mrs., 862 
 
 C. R. Rev., 489 
 
 Catharine A., 660, 661, 
 
 852 
 Charles K., 294 
 Cornelia A., 862 
 Daniel, 560 
 Elliott T., 571 
 Eliza, 660, 861 
 Elizabeth, 659(2), 861 
 Elliott T., 226 
 Emily B. McLenegan, 661 
 Emily Beattes McLenegan, 
 
 597(2) 
 George H., 862 
 Harriet , 433 
 Jane Buchanan, 571 
 John, 658 
 Julia A. , 861 
 Juliana, 659 
 Maria E., 862 
 Maria E. , 862 
 Maria Elizabeth, 550 
 Mary, 559, 861 
 N. B., 212, 431 
 N. B. Dr., 279, 281, 285, 
 
 286, 290, 550(2) 
 Nicholas B., 851, 862 
 Nicholas B. Dr., 861, 862 
 Nicholas Bittinger, 659(2) 
 P. P., 519 
 Peter, 658 
 
 Peter Paul Rev., 611 
 Richard W. , 419 
 S. G., 212, 291(2), 292(4) 
 S. G. Dr., 270, 283, 290, 
 
 291, 653, 551 
 Samuel, 658(4), 559, 561, 
 
 861, 893 
 Samuel G., 212, 291(5), 
 
 923, 325, 355, 560, 862 
 Samuel H., 862 
 Sarah H., 862 
 Sarah Hetick, 560 
 Thomas, 560 
 
 Thomas H., 660(2), 862 
 Thomas W. , 862 
 W. C, 452 
 W. C. Dr., 219, 251, 265, 
 
 270, 431 
 William A., 852 
 William C, 293, 355, 660, 
 
 852 
 William C, Dr., 560, 862 
 William Culbertson Dr., 650 
 Wolff & Co., 660, 661 
 LANES 
 
 The, 658 
 LANG 
 
 Rev. Mr., 274 
 
 -63- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 LANG continued 
 James, 484 
 James Rev, , 560 
 LANGDON 
 
 A. L., 482 
 LANGHORNE 
 
 Jeremiah, 402 
 LANGSTON 
 
 Joseph Dr., 280 
 LANKS 
 
 James, 525 
 LANSING 
 
 Gideon, 582 
 LANTELINE 
 
 Charles, 294 
 LANTZ 
 
 Bessie Shull, 880 
 
 Catharine, 870 
 
 Cyrus, 421 
 
 Elizabeth, 880 
 
 Rebecca, 880 
 
 Samuel, 880 
 
 W. 0. Dr., 880 
 
 William 0., 294 
 LARGANT 
 
 Joseph J., 582 
 LARGENT 
 
 Joseph J., 609 
 LARIMORE 
 
 David, 560 
 LARKAN 
 
 Henry, 155, 569 
 LARKEL 
 
 John, 419 
 LARKIN 
 
 Jacob, 582 
 LARKINS 
 
 Thos., 609 
 LARMOUR 
 
 Jane Holmes, 695 
 
 Samuel B. , 695 
 LASHELLS 
 
 Margaret, 824 
 LATIMER 
 
 George, 312 
 LATSHAW 
 
 J. S., 211 (2) 
 
 John L. , 476 
 LATTA 
 
 Sarah, 706, 707 
 LATTIMORE 
 
 Sam'l, 580 
 LAUBBS 
 
 William, 552 
 LAUCHARD 
 
 Samuel, 549 
 LAUDEBAUGH 
 
 Bruce, 174 
 LAUDERBAUGH 
 
 A. B., 526 
 
 Christine, 791 
 
 Elizabeth, 791 
 
 Henry, 791 
 LAUFFMAN 
 
 Philip, 211 
 LAUFMAN 
 
 Jacob, 242 
 
 Philip, 204 
 LAUGHLIN 
 
 E. M. Mrs., 483 
 
 LAUGHLIN continued 
 
 Margaret, 832 
 
 Mary, 761 
 
 Noah, 761 
 
 Samuel, 832 
 LAUKS 
 
 James, 492 
 LAUTENSLAGER 
 
 Adam, 472(2) 
 
 £., 472 
 
 Philip, 481 
 LAUTHER 
 
 James, 580 
 
 William Jr., 580 
 LAUW 
 
 Dietrich, 153 
 LAVERTY 
 
 D. A. L. Rev., 499 
 LAVREY 
 
 Daniel, 182, 185, 585 
 LAWDER 
 
 James , 154 
 LAWRENCE 
 
 Rev., 609 
 
 George, 550 
 
 John, 349, 560, 562 
 
 Richard, 560 
 
 Thomas, 402 
 
 Upton, 419 
 
 William H., 340 
 LAWRENCES 
 
 The, 543 
 LAWS 
 
 ™„^' ^''^ 
 LAWSHE 
 
 Margaret, 725 
 LAWTON 
 
 Elizabeth, 790 
 
 Elouisa, 682 
 
 R. J., 682, 699 
 LAY 
 
 Jacob, 563 
 LAYSON 
 
 John, 169 
 LAYWELL 
 
 Thomas, 341 
 LEAB 
 
 John, 556 
 LEACH 
 
 W. W., 535 
 LEAMAN 
 
 Hans, 961 
 
 William, 509 
 LEAP 
 
 John, 589 
 LEAR 
 
 Mr., 719 
 
 Eliza, 719 
 
 George Brinton, 719 
 
 Jacob, 552, 592, 719 
 
 James, 719 
 
 Jessie Snively, 719 
 
 John Kennedy, 719 
 
 Mary, 719 
 
 Michael Lehman, 719 
 LEARY 
 
 , 323 
 
 Hugh Jr., 578 
 
 Hugh Sr., 578 
 
 Louis, 323 
 
 -64- 
 
 LEATHERMAN 
 
 Kath., 153 
 LEAVITTS 
 
 Rev., 496 
 LEBERKNIGHT 
 
 A. K. Dr., 921 
 
 Adam K., 293, 921 
 
 Adam Miller, 921 
 
 Alice R., 921 
 
 Charles K. , 921 
 
 Daniel, 921(2) 
 
 Daniel C, 293 
 
 Elizabeth, 921(2) 
 
 F. B. Dr., 921 
 
 Frederick, 921 
 
 Hattie L. , 921 
 
 James M. , 921 
 
 John, 921 
 
 Martha, 921 
 
 Susan, 921 
 LeBASSIER 
 
 Family, 934 
 LECHRON 
 
 Catherine, 954 
 LECKEY 
 
 John, 154 
 LECRON 
 
 Amex & Sons , 440 
 
 Estella, 958 
 
 Lewis, 214 
 
 Samuel J. , 950 
 
 Simon, 174, 209, 395, 435 
 
 Simon Hon. , 958 
 LEDERMANS 
 
 145 
 
 LED? 
 
 Catherine, 799 
 
 Daniel, 590 
 
 Elizabeth, 722, 799 
 
 Henry, 722 
 
 J. H., 799 
 
 M. Belle, 799 
 
 S. S., 799(2) 
 
 Samuel, 799(2) 
 
 Samuel S., 225(2) 
 
 Sarah E. , 799 
 LEE 
 
 , 553 
 
 Gen., 335, 344, 349, 356, 
 360, 361, 364, 365(2), 
 369, 370, 371(2), 372, 
 373, 374, 375, 376(2), 
 380, 381, 382, 623, 625, 
 636, 650, 654, 666, 668, 
 676, 680, 709, 717, 731, 
 736, 746, 764, 796, 799, 
 878, 886, 903, 967 
 
 Mr., 644, 725, 726 
 
 Caspar, 594 
 
 George, 595 
 
 Joseph S., 582 
 
 Lewis, 595 
 
 Robert, 592 
 
 Fitz Hugh, 365 
 
 Fitz Hugh Gen., 375 
 
 R. E. Gen., 370 
 
 Robert Gen., 360 
 
 Robert E. Col., 323 
 
 Robert E. Gen., 365 
 
 W. H. F., 365 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 LEEDY 
 
 Jacob, 349, 820 
 
 Jacob V. B., 230 
 
 Leah, 820 
 
 William C. , 346 
 LEENOWEN 
 
 A. H. Mrs., 647 
 LEEPER 
 
 Miss, 784 
 
 Charles Capt., 184 
 
 John, 153 
 
 Samuel, 419 
 LEEPHAR 
 
 William, 566 
 LEER 
 
 Daniel, 239 
 
 Peter, 342 
 LEFEVER 
 
 Campbell, 185 
 LEGATE 
 
 Michael, 153, 589 
 LEGGETT 
 
 John, 324 
 LEGO 
 
 Charles W. , 225 
 
 John, 604 
 LEHMAN 
 
 Mr., 309, 661(2) 
 
 Abraham, 781 
 
 Abraham S . , 434 
 
 Anna, 782 
 
 Barbara, 773, 781, 782, 
 786, 795 
 
 Benjamin, 211 
 
 Catharine, 782 
 
 Catherine, 781, 783 
 
 Daniel, 764, 781(4), 782 
 (3), 783 
 
 Daniel Jr. , 598 
 
 Daniel Rev. , 598 
 
 Daniel D., 782 
 
 David, 782 
 
 E. K., 205, 299 
 
 £. K., Capt., 586 
 
 Edwin F., 294 
 
 Elias K., 203, 346 
 
 Elias K. Capt., 342 
 
 Elizabeth, 782(4) 
 
 Fannie, 782, 783 
 
 Franle, 880 
 
 Henry B., 782 
 
 J. D., 792 
 
 Jacob, 315, 782 
 
 Jacob S., 786 
 
 John, 782(2), 783, 881, 
 791 
 
 John 0., 315 
 
 Joseph E., 782 
 
 Lydia, 782 
 
 Magdalena Mrs., 774 
 
 Martha, 774, 781, 782 
 
 Nancy, 774, 782(2), 792 
 
 Peter, 614, 774, 781, 
 782, 792 
 
 Samuel D., 782 
 
 Samuel D. Rev., 781 
 
 Susan, 782, 791 
 
 Susannah, 781, 782(2) 
 
 Theodore F., 342 
 
 William 323 
 
 LEHMANN 
 
 Augusta, 661 
 
 Charles H., 661 
 
 Henry, 661 
 
 Robwrt C, 661 
 
 Robert J., 661 
 
 Sophia, 661 
 
 William F., 661 
 LEHMANS 
 
 The, 315(2) 
 LEHMASTER 
 
 Mr., 571 
 
 David, 572, 578 
 
 Elizabeth, 572 
 
 Fannie, 878 
 
 J. Rev., 571 
 
 Jacob, 571, 572 
 
 John, 570 
 
 John Mrs. , 570 
 
 Mary E., 875 
 ancy, 878 
 LEHMYS 
 
 The, 445 
 LEHN 
 
 Abraham, 658 
 
 John, 658 
 
 Nicholas, 658 
 
 Richard, 658 
 LEHNER 
 
 George, 389 
 LEIBOLD 
 
 Michael, 352 
 LEIDY 
 
 Barbara, 521 
 
 Hannah, 521 
 
 Johanes, 521 
 LEILICH 
 
 John L., 582 
 LEIM 
 
 William, 566 
 LEIMASTER 
 
 Anamaria, 522 
 
 Elizabeth, 522 
 LEIPER 
 
 Widow, 153 
 
 Peter, 153 
 
 Sarah J., 849 
 LEISHER 
 
 Anna Mary, 662 
 
 Annie M. , 662 
 
 Barbara, 661 
 
 Barton A. , 662 
 
 D. F., 481 
 
 D. M. , 205, 389 
 
 Daniel M. C. 662 
 
 David F., 340, 480, 662 
 
 David M. , 661, 662 
 
 George W. Rev. 662 
 
 John, 661 
 
 John H., 662 
 
 Rebecca B., 662 
 
 Thomas J. , 662 
 
 Victor, 482 
 
 William B., 662 
 LEISSE 
 
 William F., 352 
 LEISURE 
 
 Jacob , 560 
 LEITER 
 
 James M. , 552 
 
 -65- 
 
 LEITZEL 
 
 Rev., 493 
 LEMAN 
 
 Samuel, 464 
 LEMASTER 
 
 Catherine, 650 
 
 Clara Anna, 880 
 
 David, 880 
 
 Elizabeth Mrs., 821 
 
 Fannie, 880 
 
 J. A., 389 
 
 Jacob, 880(2) 
 
 Mary, 880 
 
 Nancy, 880 
 
 Philip, 650 
 
 Samuel, 880 
 LEMON 
 
 John G., 420 
 
 Josiah, 239 
 LENHART 
 
 Adam, 531 
 LENUER 
 
 Henry, 346, 434 
 LENHERR 
 
 Mary E. , 845 
 LENTZ 
 
 Rev., 603 
 
 Samuel, 342 
 LEONARD 
 
 George, 152 
 
 Mary, 955 
 
 Michael, 955 
 
 Silas, 179 
 LEPER 
 
 Robert, 578 
 LERE 
 
 John, 594 
 LESHER 
 
 Mr., 950 
 
 Abraham, 782, 783, 881(2) 
 
 Anna, 782, 783, 881(2) 
 
 Anna F., 783 
 
 Balshaser, 881 
 
 Barbara, 782, 832, 881 
 
 Barbara A., 821 
 
 Benjamin, 782, 783(2), 880, 
 881 
 
 Casper, 881 
 
 Casper Mrs., 881 
 
 Catharine, 871 
 
 Catherine, 783 
 
 Christian, 722, 881 
 
 Christian Rev. , 949(2) 
 
 Daniel, 782, 783, 88l(3) 
 
 Daniel Mrs., 881 
 
 Daniel H., 950 
 
 Daniel L. , 782 
 
 Daniel S., 949 
 
 David, 782, 783, 832, 881, 
 923 
 
 David M., 266(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 782, 881(4) 
 
 Elizabeth L. , 782 
 
 Ester, 881 
 
 Family, 949 
 
 Fannie, 782, 783 
 
 Franie, 880 
 
 Frany, 881 
 
 Henry, 949(2) 
 
 Henry C, 294 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 LESHER continued 
 
 Isaac, 881 
 
 Jacob S., 532, 949 
 
 Jeremiah, 881 
 
 John, 782, 783, 881(4) 
 949(2) 
 
 John Brown, 345 
 
 John H., 481 
 
 John L., 782, 783, 787 
 
 John R., 342 
 
 Joseph, 782, 783, 880, 
 881 
 
 Josiah, 552 
 
 Katie, 787, 881 
 
 Lillie, 881 
 
 Lizzie A., 950 
 
 Magdalena, 881 
 
 Maria, 877, 881(2) 
 
 Mary, 782, 783, 881, 
 923, 949(2) 
 
 Mary L. , 782 
 
 Michael, 782, 881(2) 
 
 Peter, 881 
 
 Peter L. , 782 
 
 Samuel, 782(2), 783, 
 881(2) 
 
 Samuel L. , 782 
 
 Sebastian, 782 
 
 Susan, 722, 723 
 
 Susie, 881 
 
 Vierda May, 950 
 LESTER 
 
 George W , 239, 242 
 LeTORT 
 
 James, 146 
 LEV AN 
 
 Sadie Mrs., 389 
 "Le VEQUE" 
 
 Family or Bishop, 764 
 
 "levick'' 
 
 Family, 764 
 LEVIN 
 
 Lewis C, 420 
 LEWIS 
 
 Maj., 272 
 
 Benjamin, 241 
 
 David, 152, 579 
 
 Elisha, 592 
 
 Elizabeth, 871 
 
 Evans , 560 
 
 George W. , 351 
 
 Jacob, 183, 871 
 
 John M. , 240 
 
 Julia Frances, 728 
 
 Richard, 492 
 
 Robert, 245 
 
 William H., 728 
 LEWISTON 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 LICKHART 
 
 Bamet, 589 
 LIDDELL 
 
 Moses, 589 
 LIDDY 
 
 John, 243 
 LIDIG 
 
 Jacob, 815 
 LIDY 
 
 & Hess Co., 950 
 
 Barbara, 612 
 
 LIDY continued 
 
 Bertie, 950 
 
 Elizabeth, 950 
 
 G. F., 536 
 
 G. Frank, 533, 534, 
 950(2) 
 
 George, 950 
 
 George F., 535 
 
 Isaac Henry, 950 
 
 Mary, 950 
 
 Rose, 950 
 
 Samuel J., 345, 950 
 
 Simon, 612 
 
 Susannah, 950 
 LIEPERS 
 
 , 145 
 
 LIEPERT 
 
 Jacob, 241 
 LIGET 
 
 John, 578 
 LIGGEI 
 
 Sam'l., 578 
 LIGGETT 
 
 John, 224, 345 
 
 Robert, 203, 209, 210 
 
 Samuel, 420 
 ULGGIT 
 
 Saml., 588 
 LIGHT 
 
 Clara Anna, 880 
 
 Felix, 314 
 
 J. Monroe, 880 
 
 Sadie May, 880 
 
 Samuel Lemaster, 880 
 LIGHTFOOT 
 
 Catherine, 783 
 
 Daniel, 783 
 
 Elizabeth, 783(2) 
 
 Esther, 763 
 
 Jacob, 783(2) 
 
 Levi, 783 
 
 Margaret, 783 
 
 Rachel, 783 
 
 Rosannah, 783 
 
 Ruth, 783 
 
 S. Jane, 783 
 
 Sarah, 783 
 
 Solomon, 783 
 
 William, 783(2) 
 LIGHTNER 
 
 Rev., 496 
 
 Amos, 246 
 
 David, 241 
 
 Franklin, 352 
 
 Ignatus, 342 
 
 Michael, 596 
 
 Rebecca, 520 
 LIKENER 
 
 Rachel, 809 
 LILLEY 
 
 Hugh, 183 
 LILON 
 
 James, 153 
 LINEAUGH 
 
 Danl., 560 
 LINCH 
 
 Judge, 968 
 
 Morgan, 155 
 
 Susan L. , 968 
 LINCK 
 
 -66- 
 
 LINCK 
 
 Henry, 576 
 LINCOLN 
 
 Mr., 351,695 
 
 President, 334, 644 
 
 Abraham, 682 
 LIND 
 
 Ann Washington Smith, Mrs. 
 545 
 
 Jennstte, 559 
 
 John, 312(2) 
 
 John Rev., 329, 545, 847, 
 850(2), 852 
 
 Mathew Rev., 559 
 
 Matthew, 210, 212, 312 
 
 Matthew Rev. , 582 
 LINDEN 
 
 Rev., 496 
 LINDER 
 
 Barbara, 790 
 LINDSAY 
 
 Andrew, 239, 243, 245 
 
 Fulton, 574, 588 
 
 Hugh D. , 667 
 
 James, 154, 573, 574, 596 
 
 Jane, 620 
 
 John, 154, 211, 573, 574, 585 
 (2) 
 
 John Mrs . , 598 
 
 John v., 620 
 
 Joseph, 597 
 
 Louisa B. , 667 
 
 Mary, 574 
 
 Samuel, 585 
 
 Samuel Capt., 453 
 
 Thomas, 209, 345, 462, 585, 
 594 
 
 John, 434, 585 
 LINDSLY 
 
 William Jr., 483 
 LINGEL 
 
 Casper, 464 
 LININGER 
 
 Elizabeth, 917 
 
 Margaret, 906 
 LINK 
 
 Fred, 472 
 LINN 
 
 Alexander, 748 
 
 Ann, 748 
 
 Arabella, 748 
 
 David, 154 
 
 Eleanor, 748 
 
 family, 921 
 
 Floyd E., 921 
 
 Hugh, 748(2), 749 
 
 Hugh Jr., 748 
 
 James, 240, 748, 749, 921 
 
 James F., 858 
 
 James McCarroll, 921 
 
 Jane, 748 
 
 Jennie Mrs., 921 
 
 Jennie E., 921 
 
 John, 748(3) 
 
 John B. Hon., 180 
 
 John Blair, 823 
 
 John M., 351 
 
 Margaret , 748 
 
 Margaret J,, 748 
 
 Martha Jane, 701 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 LINN continued 
 
 Mary, 748, 843, 921 
 
 Mary Bell, 921 
 
 Mary Louisa, 858 
 
 Matthew Rev., 560 
 
 Robert, 560 
 
 Samuel M., 701 
 
 Sarah, 748 
 
 Susannah, 822, 825 
 
 William, 154, 210, 825, 
 921(2) 
 
 William Jr., 154 
 
 William G., 921 
 LINNINGER 
 
 Margaret, 805 
 LISNS 
 
 The., 581 
 UNSEY 
 
 Daniel, 182 
 LIPPINCOTT 
 
 J. A., 492 
 LIPSCOMB 
 
 P. D., 525 
 
 Robert M., 492 
 LIPPY 
 
 Mr., 662 
 
 Anna, 802 
 
 Caroline, 662 
 
 David, 618, 662 
 
 Lydia, 662 
 
 Sarah R., 618 
 
 William H. , 662 
 LIFSCC»ffi 
 
 P. D., 609 
 LISZT 
 
 Abbe, 644 
 LITCHEY 
 
 Rev., 463 
 LITTLE 
 
 Mr., 463 
 
 Arthur, 749 
 
 C, 492 
 
 David, 837 
 
 Eleanor, 749(3) 
 
 Eliza, 749(2) 
 
 Elizabeth A., 837 
 
 Florence, 749 
 
 Franks- 749 
 
 Harriet, 632 
 
 Isaac, 749 
 
 Jacob, 749 
 
 James, 583, 749(2) 
 
 James H., 749(3) 
 
 Jane, 749(2) 
 
 Jesse, 340 
 
 3ohn, 245, 749(6), 872 
 
 John H., 434 
 
 Laura, 749 
 
 James, 583, 749(2) 
 
 James H., 749(3) 
 
 Jane, 749(2) 
 
 Jesse, 340 
 
 John, 245, 749(6), 872 
 
 John H., 434 
 
 Laura, 749 
 
 Lillain, 749 
 
 Luella, 749 
 
 Margaret , 749 
 
 Mary, 749(2), 837, 872 
 
 Mary's. Parker, 572 
 
 LITTLE continued 
 
 Matthew, 749 
 
 Melinda M., 749 
 
 Michael, 536 
 
 Nevfton, 749 
 
 Nicholas, 182 
 
 Oscar, 749 
 
 P. W. Dr., 572 
 
 Peter W. , 226 
 
 Polly, 749 
 
 Robert, 579(2), 580(2) 
 749 
 
 Sadie E., 880 
 
 Samuel, 749 
 
 Sarah, 749 
 
 Stella, "749 
 
 Thomas, 749(2) 
 
 Tirzah, 749(2) 
 
 William, 749(3) 
 LIVSEY 
 
 William, 776 
 LIVINGSTON 
 
 Mr., 439 
 LLOYD 
 
 John, 491, 492, 525(2) 
 
 John Y. Rev., 539 
 LOAR 
 
 Baltazer, 597 
 LOB 
 
 Daniel, 575(2) 
 LOCHBAUM 
 
 Catherine, 576 
 
 William, 352 
 LOCHBAUMS 
 
 The, 575 
 LOCHER 
 
 John, 464 
 LOCHRY 
 
 Thomas, 179 
 LOCKARD 
 
 Jas., 585 
 LOCKEY 
 
 Rev., 536 
 LOCKWOOD 
 
 J, B. Rev., 499 
 LOE 
 
 James, 183 
 LOGAN 
 
 The (Mingo Chief), 824 
 
 Daniel, 244 
 
 Henry, 760 
 
 Hugh, 229 
 
 James, 142, 144, 241, 
 402 
 
 Jane S., 760 
 
 Jolm, 244 
 
 Patrick, 179 
 
 William C, 421 
 LOGANS 
 
 The, 321 
 LOGIE 
 
 J. H., 609 
 LOGUE 
 
 Christine, 951 
 
 Horace A., 482 
 
 John H . , 346 
 
 Hartha, 950 
 
 William, 950 
 LOHAR 
 
 Anna, 893 
 
 -67- 
 
 LOHAR continued 
 
 Charles, 893 
 LOHMAN 
 
 J. F., 534 
 
 Jacob F., 534 
 
 W. W. , 440 
 LOHR 
 
 Mary, 719 
 LONG 
 
 Rev., 540 
 
 A. H. Rev., 499 
 
 Abraham, 775 
 
 Adam, 592 
 
 Alex., 184, 580 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 
 Anna, 775, 832 
 
 Bathsheba, 742 
 
 Benjamin, 241 
 
 Catharine, 592 
 
 Catherine, 832 
 
 Christina, 742 
 
 Conrade, 592 
 
 David, 560, 580, 832 
 
 Edward, 340 
 
 Elizabeth, 808, 875 
 
 Esther, 775 
 
 Frederick, 211, 742 
 
 Hugh, 592 
 
 J. M., 266 
 
 James, 560, 580 
 
 John, 570, 589, 592 
 
 Joseph, 199 
 
 Ludwich, 566 
 
 Magdalene, 570 
 
 Mary, 875 
 
 Mary E., 832 
 
 Matthias, 742 
 
 P. A. Rev., 576 
 
 P. Allison, 603 
 
 Peter, 875 
 
 Robert, 154, 585, 594 
 
 Thomas , 153 
 
 Tobias, 241 
 
 William, 574(3) 
 LONGENECKER 
 
 Col., 339 
 
 Anna, 754 
 
 Barbara, 828 
 
 Christian, 753 
 
 Chrsltian Mrs., 753 
 
 Elizabeth, 753, 884 
 
 Peter, 589(2) 
 
 Samuel, 205 
 LONGSDORFF 
 
 Catherine, 833 
 LONGSTREET 
 
 , 900 
 
 CeHTT 359, 370 
 
 Mr., 360, 361, 369, 371, 
 896 
 
 James, Lt. Gen., 365 
 LOOKABAUGH 
 
 Elizabeth, 951 
 
 John, 951 
 
 Michael, 951 
 
 Rebecca, 951 
 LOOSE 
 
 Rev., 928 
 LORD 
 
 Baltimore, 150, 155, 156, 
 
History of Franklin County, -Pennsylvania 
 
 LORD continued 
 
 Baltimore cont., 943 
 
 Beresford, 714 
 
 Caledon, 275 
 
 Hereford, 251 
 
 Lome, 837 
 
 Macaulay, 399 
 LORE 
 
 John, 350 
 LORTY 
 
 i Finney, 639 
 LORTZ 
 
 John, 433 
 LOUDEKBAUGH 
 
 Cornelius, 856 
 LOUGH 
 
 John, 592 
 LOUGH EAD 
 
 Benjamin, 592 
 LOUGHERY 
 
 Jeremiah, 585 
 LOUGHRAN 
 
 Rev. Mr., 496 
 LOUGRIDGE 
 
 A., 748 
 
 Margaret, 748 
 LOUTZAHISER 
 
 Henry, 596 
 LOVE 
 
 Samuel, 182 
 
 William, 185 
 LOVEJOY 
 
 , 334 
 
 LOBSSTS 
 
 Conrad, 585 
 LOWDER 
 
 James, 169 
 LOWE 
 
 James, 205, 265, 395, 
 570 
 
 John, 951 
 
 Minnie, 951 
 
 Samuel, 612 
 LOWELL 
 
 J. P., 534(2) 
 
 James P., 231 
 LOWER 
 
 Balsar, 585 
 
 J. T., 595 
 
 Julia A., 905 
 
 W. T., 494 
 LOWERS 
 
 Mrs., 783 
 LOWERY 
 
 Misses, 783 
 
 Elizabeth 701 
 LOWMAN 
 
 George, 560 
 
 Jacob, 550 
 
 John, 556(2), 560 
 
 Michael, 560 
 LOWREY 
 
 James, 182 
 
 Joseph, 560 
 LOWRIE 
 
 John, 154 
 
 Nicholas, 179 
 
 William, 155, 569 
 LOWRY 
 
 Alexander, 604 
 
 LOWRY continued 
 
 Anna, 783 
 
 Blanche, 783 
 
 Caroline, 890 
 
 Cathrine, 783 
 
 Catherine, 890 
 
 Curtis, 783(2), 890 
 
 D. M., 435, 441 
 
 Daniel D. , 783 
 
 Daniel G. , 783 
 
 Daniel G. Mrs., 783 
 
 David, 783 
 
 David A., 890 
 
 David M. , 214, 890 
 
 David Miley, 890 
 
 Elizabeth, 783, 890(3) 
 
 Ellen, 561 
 
 Emma, 890(2) 
 
 George, 648, 783, 890(3) 
 
 Hannah, 783, 890 
 
 Jacob, 783(2), 890 
 
 Jesse, 890 
 
 John, 577, 783(2), 890(3) 
 
 Joseph, 561 
 
 Judith, 783 
 
 Lucy A. , 890 
 
 Maggie, 783 
 
 Mary, 890 
 
 Nelsie, 783 
 
 Polly, 890 
 
 Robert, 604 
 
 Gena, 683 
 . William, 182, 185, 592 
 LOWTH 
 
 Margaret, 492 
 LOYD 
 
 Conrad, 589 
 LUCANS 
 
 Charles, 578 
 LUCAS 
 
 George, 182 
 
 John, 242 
 
 Thomas, 223, 608 
 LUCKENS 
 
 George, 349 
 LUCAS 
 
 Thomas, 592 
 LUDGEN 
 
 Anthony W. , 313 
 
 Anthony W. (Rev.), 576 
 LUDWICK 
 
 George, 590 
 LUDWIG 
 
 (Mr.), 663 
 
 (Mrs.), 653 
 
 Carleton, 663 
 
 Enina J. Brengle, 663 
 
 G. W. & Co., 663 
 
 George, 456, 491, 652 
 
 George (Jr.), 354 
 
 George Henry, 662 
 
 George W. , 663 
 
 Jacob D., 421 
 
 John S. , 653 
 
 Margaret, 662 
 
 Martin, 389 
 
 Mary, 663 
 
 Sophia, 663 
 LUKENS 
 
 David, 179 
 
 -68- 
 
 LUKENS continued 
 
 John, 604 
 LULL 
 
 (Mr.), 653 
 
 Abigail P., 663 
 
 Clarissa, 663 
 
 0. N., 324, 485 
 
 0. N. (Col.), 485 
 
 Ormond N., 553 
 
 Samuel, 553 
 LUNDERS 
 
 John, 585 
 LUPFER 
 
 Hannah, 927 
 LUPPER 
 
 A. H., 749 
 
 Lillian, 749 
 LUSK 
 
 (Mr.), 601 
 
 John, 506 
 
 Robert, 601 
 
 William, 182 
 LUTES 
 
 (Widow), 585 
 LUTGEN 
 
 Anthony Ubrich, 489 
 LUTHER 
 
 Martin, 445 
 LUTZ 
 
 (Mr.), 445 
 
 Barnard, 597 
 
 Eve, 828 
 
 Henry, 211 
 
 John, 445, 828 
 LUTZES 
 
 (The), 445, 598 
 LYDINGER 
 
 George, 613 
 LYNCH 
 
 James, 182 
 
 John, 179 
 
 Lucretia, 669 
 
 Mary, 738 
 LYON 
 
 (Mr.), 552 
 
 Alex., 419 
 
 Alice A., 631 
 
 Jean, 823 
 
 John, 823 
 
 John C. (Rev.), 599 
 
 Samuel, 421 
 
 Stephen, 183 
 
 William, 631, 827 
 LYTLE 
 
 David, 206, 302 
 
 John, 185 
 MACHAN 
 
 Archibald, 146, 154 
 
 Henry, 154 
 
 John, 146, 161 
 
 John (Jr.), 585 
 
 John, (Sr.), 585 
 
 Robert, 145, 154, 585 
 
 John, 154 
 MACK 
 
 Alexander, 314, 590 
 
 Jacob, 589, (3) 
 
 John, 349, 589 
 
 William, 590 
 MACKAY 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 MACKAY continued 
 
 Willliam A., 606 
 MACKEY 
 
 (Mr.). 744 
 
 (Widow), 580 
 
 Eleanor J. , 861 
 
 James, 184, 605 
 
 John, 184, 580 
 
 Mary L., 750 
 
 W. H. H., 203, 214, 481, 
 486, 502 
 
 William, 750 
 
 William A., 229, 583 
 
 William A. (Mrs.), 926 
 
 William H., 346 
 
 William H. (Lieut.), 345 
 MACKY 
 
 Noah, 241 
 MACLAY 
 
 (Doc), 790 
 
 (Judge), 843 
 
 (Mr.), 185, 192, 823, 
 826 
 
 Abby Catherine, 826 
 
 Alexander, 582, 825(2) 
 
 Anna, 820 
 
 Anna Maria, 826 
 
 Annie, 824, 825, 826 
 
 Betty, 825 
 
 Blanche, 826 
 
 Catherine, 822, 824(2), 
 825(2), 826 
 
 Charles, 182, 189, 581, 
 , 822(8), 823, 
 , 825(3), 826(3) 
 
 821(4) 
 
 824(5) 
 
 827(3) 
 Charles (Capt), 189 
 Charles, (Jr.), 566 
 Charles I (Mrs.), 821 
 Charles III, 82l(2), 
 
 822, 824, 825(3), 826 
 (3), 827(3) 
 
 Charles IV, 824 
 Charles V., 824 
 Charles B., 826 
 Charles S., 826 
 Charles T., 293, 784 
 Charles T. (Dr.), 784, 
 
 825(2) 
 Charles Templeton, 783 
 Charles Templeton (Dr.) 
 
 825 
 Cyrus Culbertson, 826 
 D., 206, 292(2) 
 David, 204, 206, 292, 293, 
 
 394(2), 395, 435, 566, 
 
 784, 822, 824(2), 825 
 
 (2), 826 
 David (Dr.), 434, 783, 
 
 825 
 David (Mrs.), 825 
 Edgar, 826 
 Eleanor, 821(2), 822(4), 
 
 823, 824(2), 825(2), 
 826(2) 
 
 Eleanorlll, 826 
 Elijah, 825 
 Eliza C, 825 
 Elizabeth, 822(2), 823, 
 824(2), 825 
 
 MACLAY continued 
 Ellen, 826 
 
 Esther, 823, 824, 827 
 Esther Harris, 827 
 Ewing, 826 
 Family, 822, 827 
 Francis Herron, 825 
 Hannah, 822, 826 
 Harriet, 784 
 Henry, 821 
 Isabella, 824 
 J., 566 
 J. H., 435 
 James, 440 
 James H., 820 
 James Herron, 825 
 James Linn Dickson, 825 
 James Ross, 826 
 Jane, 822(3), 824(3), 
 
 825(4), 826 
 Jane Eleanor, 825 
 Jane, 821, 822 
 Jean, 823 
 John, 209, 245, 391, 394, 
 
 565, 566(2), 821(2), 
 
 822(6), 824, 825(2) 
 John II, 821, 822(3), 
 
 824(2), 825(2), 826(2) 
 
 827 
 John III, 824, 825 
 John IV, 822, 824(2), 
 
 825(2), 826(2) 
 John v., 824 
 Jno. VII, 826 
 John E., 211, 567(2) 
 Jno Gleim, 826 
 John Harris, 823 
 John Herron, 825 
 Jno. King, 826 
 John M. , 204, 824 
 Joseph P., 784 
 Laura, 826 
 Levinia, 826 
 Lydia, 599, 825 
 Margaret, 822, 824(2), 
 
 825(2), 826(3) 
 Martha, 826 
 Mary, 784, 822, 823(2), 
 
 824(2), 825 
 Mary E., 825 
 Mary S., 657, 688 
 Mary Sharpe, 825, 826 
 Nancy, 817 
 Owen, 821(2) 
 Robert, 581, 824 
 Robert Plunket, 824 
 Robert Samuel (Rev.), 581 
 Sallie, 824, 827 
 Samuel, 822, 824(2), 825 
 
 827 
 Samuel II, 826 
 Sarah, 823, 826 
 Smith, 826 
 Susanna, 825 
 Susannah, 822 
 William, 392, 394, 507, 
 
 605(2), 606(2), 822(2) 
 
 823, 824, 825(3), 826 
 
 (2), 827(3) 
 William II, 822, 825, 826 
 
 -69- 
 
 MACLAY continued 
 
 William (Hon), 657 
 
 William Orwin, 826 
 
 William James (Rev.), 581 
 
 William Plunket, 824 
 
 Willis, 826 
 MACLAYS 
 
 (The), 597, 433, 821 
 MACLEAN 
 
 Moses, 192 
 MACOHON 
 
 (Rev.), 583 
 MACOMB 
 
 George, 241 
 MacVEAGH 
 
 Wayne, 827 
 MADDEN 
 
 Eliza D. B., 225 
 
 John, 182 
 
 John, 182 
 MADDOCKS 
 
 Joshua, 402 
 MADEIRA 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 
 & Dunlop Co., 473 
 
 Daniel, 313, 491 
 
 Eleanor, 313 
 
 Ellen, 491 
 
 G. A., 205 
 
 George A., 205, 395 
 
 Jacob, 420 
 
 John, 491 
 MAERS 
 
 Mathias , 185 
 MAGAW 
 
 (Dr.), 284(2) 
 
 David, 149, 556 
 
 J. E., 598 
 
 James, 598 (2) 
 
 JaiK (Mrs.), 598 
 
 Jesse (Dr.), 285, 424 
 
 Maria (Mrs.), 285 
 
 Robert, 284, 404(2), 419 
 
 Robert (Major), 179 
 
 William, 151, 402(2), 431, 
 559, 566, 864 
 
 William (Dr.), 284, 285 
 MAGEE 
 
 Adam, 749(2) 
 
 Alexander, 749 
 
 Clinton A., 750 
 
 Cora M. , 750 
 
 Emma, 750 
 
 George, 749(2), 750(2) 
 
 Irving(Rev. ) , 491 
 
 James , 749 
 
 John, 749 
 
 Joseph, 750 
 
 Margaret, 750 
 
 Margaret J., 750 
 
 Martha, 750 
 
 Mary, 749 
 
 Nancy, 749 
 
 Nicolai, 749 
 
 Patrick, 749(2) 
 
 Patrick (Mrs), 749 
 
 Robert C, 750 
 
 William, 749, 750 
 
 William A. , 750 . 
 MAGILL 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 MAGILL 
 
 (Rev.), 583 
 MAGHAN 
 
 John, 185 
 MAGRAW 
 
 James , 149 
 
 Jane, 149 
 
 Mary, 149 
 MAGUIRE 
 
 Philip, 604 
 
 Thomas G., 225 
 MAHAFFY 
 
 William, 241 
 MAHAN 
 
 Archibald, 566, 594 
 
 Henry, 566 
 
 Jane, 598 
 
 John, 587 
 
 John (Sr.), 587 
 
 Robert, 598, 599 
 MAHON 
 
 (Miss), 784 
 
 (Mr.), 363 
 
 Alexander, 419 
 
 Alexander (Hon), 415 
 
 Anna, 784 
 
 Archibald, 784 
 
 Arthur, 784 
 
 Cora, 784 
 
 David, 231, 784 
 
 Elizabeth, 784 
 
 Elle, 784 
 
 Harriet, 784 
 
 Henry, 784 
 
 Jane, 784 
 
 John, 588, 784 
 
 John W. , 784(2) 
 
 Katie, 784 
 
 Katie S., 784 
 
 Lillian Romain, 784 
 
 Margaret, 784 
 
 Mary S., 784 
 
 Masada Pearl, 784 
 
 Nancy (Mrs.), 794 
 
 Nathanill K. , 784 
 
 Robert, 594, 784(3) 
 
 Robert (Jr.), 594, 784 
 
 Robert (Mrs.), 784 
 
 Samuel, 784 
 
 Sarah, 784 
 
 T. M., 256, 362, 421 
 
 Thaddeus, 361 
 
 Thaddeus M. , 202, 395, 
 784 
 
 Zacharias T., 784 
 MAHONEY 
 
 J., 223 
 
 Jeremiah, 224, 460 
 MAIN 
 
 Anna M. , 922 
 
 Ann Mary, 922 
 
 Charles Oscar, 923 
 
 Ella R., 922 
 
 family, 922 
 
 Harperp, 922 
 
 James M. , 922(2) 
 
 Jane Mary, 922 
 
 John D., 922 
 
 Joseph S., 923 
 
 Marshall, 923 
 
 MAIN continued 
 
 R. Marshal, 923 
 
 Robert K. , 922 
 
 Sarah B., 923 
 
 Sarah H., 922(2) 
 
 Sarah M. , 922 
 
 Sarah N., 922 
 
 Sarah Roberta, 922 
 
 Thomas B., 922(2) 
 
 William J., 922 
 
 William M., 922 
 
 William Thomas, 922 
 
 Wilson L., 923 
 MAINS 
 
 Samuel, 583 
 MAIRS 
 
 Alexander, 578 
 
 James , 580 
 
 Samuel, 580 
 MAKLEY 
 
 John, 589 
 MALLELIEN 
 
 R., 609 
 MALONE 
 
 Charles, 182 
 
 Jane , 7 14 
 
 Naomd , 714 
 MALOY 
 
 Bridget, 842 
 MAN 
 
 Conrad (Sr.), 590 
 
 Conrad (Jr.), 590 
 MANAHAN 
 
 Augustus C . , 345 
 MANERIS 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 MANN 
 
 , 546 
 
 Annie, 857 
 
 E. (Miss), 648 
 MANNERING 
 
 Guy, 413 
 MANNING 
 
 (Mr.), 641 
 
 John, 641 
 MANNON 
 
 & Statler Co., 799 
 
 Edward, 592 
 MANNS 
 
 (The), 445 
 
 Henry, 535 
 MANSON 
 
 William, 170 
 MARES 
 
 John, 560 
 MARGAL 
 
 Peter A., 909 
 MARGRATS 
 
 Arthur, 608 
 MARION 
 
 (Gen.), 577 
 MARK 
 
 Mary, 635 
 MARKEL 
 
 Christina, 754 
 
 Joseph (Gen. ) , 754 
 MARKLE 
 
 Christiana, 885 
 
 Samuel, 243 
 MARKLEY 
 
 -70- 
 
 MARKLEY 
 
 John, 153, 589 
 
 Susan, 652 
 MASKNARD 
 
 William, 352 
 MARKWARD 
 
 G. C, &*$ 
 MARLINE 
 
 Charles, 463 
 MARMON 
 
 Hugh, 239 
 MARPHY 
 
 (Coi:), 463 
 MARROW 
 
 William, 578 
 MARRY 
 
 Charles, 183 
 
 Patrick, 183 
 MARSH 
 
 J. H., 525 
 MARSHAL 
 
 Henry, 185 
 
 John, 241, 560 
 
 William, 592 
 MARSHALL 
 
 (Mr.), 691 
 
 & Shreiner, 691 
 
 Dora, 954 
 
 F. A., 691 
 
 H., 954 
 
 Isabella (Mrs.), 587 
 
 Jane A., 921 
 
 John (Chief) (Justice), 510 
 
 W. M., 526 
 
 William, 155, 164, 569 
 MARSHEL 
 
 Andrew, 578 
 MARTEN 
 
 John, 183 
 MARTIN 
 
 (Dr.), 266 
 
 (Miss), 891 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Abigail-, 912 
 
 Abraham, 609, 784, 785(2), 
 918 
 
 Adam, 574, 785 
 
 Alexander, 212, 389, 435, 
 592 
 
 Alice B., 958 
 
 Amanda (Mrs.), 855 
 
 Anna, 781, 785(2), 944 
 
 Anna B., 944 
 
 Barbara, 918 
 
 C. (Mrs.), 785 
 Catharine, 918 
 Charles, 259 
 Cora D., 967 
 Cornelia A., 891 
 
 D. B., 209, 259, 951 
 David, 574, 774 
 David Bowles, 951 
 E., 552 
 
 Elenora, 951 
 Elizabeth, 785(2) 
 Emanuel, 785(2) 
 Esther, 784, 785 
 F. Gerald, 951 
 George, 153, 566, 674, 
 589, 785 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 MARTIN continued 
 
 George A. (Rev.)i 535 
 Hannah, 860 
 Henry, 785 
 Hugh, 153, 608 
 Isaac, 587, 785 
 J. C, 534, 891 
 J. H. (Rev.), 499 
 J. Meyers, 526 
 J. 0., 514, 520 
 Jacob, 546, 781, 784, 
 
 785(2), 886 
 Jacob (Rev.), 576 
 Jeremiah, 351 
 Jessie, 951 
 John, 153, 155, 170, 189, 
 
 200, 223, 224, 239, 569 
 
 592, 596, 608, 785, 891 
 John (Mrs.), 163 
 John C, 891, 951 
 Joseph, 170, 349, 785, 
 
 912(2) 
 Joseph B., 951 
 Kitty M., 552 
 Leah, 774 
 Levi, 785 
 Levina, 912 
 Lydia, 785 
 M., 109 
 
 Mary, 785, 912(2) 
 Mary A., 951 
 Mary E., 912 
 Mary J., 903 
 Mathew, 592 
 Minnie, 912, 951 
 Montgomery, 299, 586 
 N. B., 951 
 N. Bruce, 212, 259, 422, 
 
 951 
 N. P., 435, 571 
 Nancy, 886 
 Nicholas, 951 
 Ora I., 912 
 Polly, 614 
 Robert, 592 
 Rose, 951 
 S. G., 967 
 Salome, 912 
 Samuel, 239, 240, 891, 
 
 592 
 Samuel D., 340 
 ?arah, 785 
 Stephen G., 944, 958 
 Steven, 943 
 Susan, 891 
 Susannah, 886 
 William, 223, 225(2), 229 
 
 545, 592, 595 
 William H., 891 
 MARTSPOCK 
 
 John, 590 
 MARZ 
 
 G. M., 491 
 MASON 
 
 Charles , 156 
 George, 463 
 Philip, 241 
 Thomas, 179 
 MASTERS 
 
 Leigh, 560 
 
 MATEER 
 
 Mary (Mrs.), 923 
 
 Samuel, 241 
 MATHEWS 
 
 George, 193, 578 
 MATHIAS 
 
 John, 185 
 MATTHEWS 
 
 Benjamin, 239 
 
 George, 189, 200, 391, 
 415(2), 761 
 
 Isabella, 761, 833 
 
 James, 585 
 
 Joseph A. (Col.), 353 
 
 Lasley, 492 
 MAUERER 
 
 Susanna, 521 
 MAUGH 
 
 Cutlip, 585 
 MAUGH AN 
 
 John, 584 
 MAURER 
 
 B. L., 472(2), 476, 
 482 
 
 B. Latrobe, 433 
 Benjamin L. , 482(2) 
 Jacob S., 341 
 
 MAURY 
 
 C. (Miss), 785 
 MAXWELL 
 
 (Miss), 705 
 
 (Mr.), 413 
 
 Hugh, 245 
 
 James, 194, 200(2), 253 
 042, 415, 591, 592 
 
 James Esq., 592 
 
 John, 243 
 
 Patrick, 560, 592 
 
 Samuel Z., 351 
 
 Walter, 592 
 
 William, .152, 155, 213, 
 216, 402, 413, 419, 
 514, 568, 569, 571, 
 579, 591 
 
 William (Maj.), 160 
 
 William H., 582 
 
 William S., 346 
 MAY 
 
 Franklin G., 253 
 MAYER 
 
 Jacob (Rev.h 549, 570 
 
 Lewis iRev.), 511 
 
 Lewis (Rev.) (Dr.), 256 
 MAYHAN 
 
 Henry, 594 
 MAYHUE 
 
 James, 342 
 MAYHUGH 
 
 Belle, 962 
 
 James, 962 
 
 Martha, 962 
 MAYS 
 
 James, 592 
 McAFEE 
 
 brother, 510 
 
 Archibald, 596 
 
 Eliza, 862 
 
 family, 863 
 
 James, 862(2), 863 
 
 Jane, 862 
 
 -71- 
 
 McAFEE continued 
 
 Jennie, 862 
 
 John, 862(2) 
 
 John M., 863 
 
 Louisa, 863 
 
 M. Scott, 862 
 
 Margaret , 862 
 
 Mark, 862(2), 863 
 
 Mark (Mrs.), 862 
 
 Mary, 862 
 
 Mary E., 862 
 
 Nancy A. , 862 
 
 Rachael, 862 
 
 Robert, 242 
 
 Thomas, 514, 862(2), 863 
 
 Thomas A. , 863 
 
 William, 862(2) 
 McALISTER 
 
 Alexander, 154 
 McALLEN 
 
 Brig. (Gen.), 735 
 
 (Maj.), 336 
 
 Anna Mary, 838 
 
 Archibald, 839(2) 
 
 Blanchie M. , 839 
 
 Clementine, 839 
 
 Donald, 839 
 
 Eliza Bell, 838 
 
 Elizabeth Moody Ninmon 
 (Mrs.), 838 
 
 Elizabeth Nimmon, 838 
 
 family, 837, 838, 839 
 
 Frank, 839 
 
 Grace Nimmon, 838 
 
 Isabella, 839 
 
 Jean Clementine, 839 
 
 Jennie, 836 
 
 John, 245, 605, 606(2), 
 838, 839(3) 
 
 John A., 839(3) 
 
 John Adams, 421, 838 
 
 John F., 838, 839 
 
 John Franklin, 838 
 
 John Howard, 839 
 
 Jno. W. Kyle; 839 
 
 Margaret, 838, 839 
 
 Margaret Jane, 838 
 
 Marget Kyle, 839 
 
 Nancy J., 839 
 
 Norman W. , 839 
 
 Robert, 838 
 
 Robert Franklin, 838 
 
 Robert W. ,1 342, 838, 839 
 
 Robertta M. , 839 
 
 Sadie Maud, 839 
 
 Sarah, 838 
 
 Sarah Jane, 838, 839 
 
 Sarah Lillias, 838 
 
 Thos., Campbell, 839 
 
 Thomas Franklin, 838 
 
 Thomas W. , 838 
 
 Thomas Wilson, 839 
 
 William, 839 
 
 William S., 435, 838(2), 839 
 
 William West, 838 
 MCALLISTER 
 
 Daniel, 242 
 
 & Wiestling Co., 895 
 
 John, 149, 342, 350 
 
 Thompson, 395 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 M'CALMONT 
 
 James, 200 
 McALMORY 
 
 Williani, 153 
 M'GAMMIS 
 
 Thos., 505 
 McANNALLY 
 
 P., 525 
 McANALLY 
 
 Peter, 609 
 McANULTY 
 
 James, 225, 590 
 
 John, 588 
 M'CAUSLAKD 
 
 (Mr.), 382 
 M'CAY 
 
 Daniel, 506 
 McBrayer 
 
 David, 578 
 
 William, 578 
 McBREA 
 
 Samuel, 182 
 McBREAS 
 
 Adam, 182 
 McBRXAK 
 
 David, 153 
 
 William, 153 
 McBRIDE 
 
 James, 153, 560, 610 
 
 John, 243 
 McBRIER 
 
 William, 216, 601 
 McBRYER 
 
 David, 559 
 
 James, 559 
 McCABE 
 
 John Collins (Rev.), 499 
 McCATFERTY 
 
 Bartholomew, 170 
 McCAHAN 
 
 Alexander (Rev.), 582 
 McCAlN 
 
 William, 580 
 McCAINE 
 
 Alexander, 581 
 McCALL 
 
 James, 154 
 
 John, 149(2), 154, 566 
 
 Josiah, 182 
 
 Nathaniel, 580 
 
 Sam'l., 580 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 
 William, 154, 566 
 McCALLAN 
 
 George, 592 
 
 John, 816 
 
 Nancy, 816 
 McCALLAND 
 
 William, 588 
 McCALLEN 
 
 family, 837 
 McCALLEY 
 
 William, 183 
 McCALLISTER 
 
 Adam, 244 
 McCALLUM 
 
 family, 837 
 McCALL 'S 
 
 Division, 902 
 McCALMONT 
 
 McCALMONT continued 
 
 James , 200 
 (or McCammont), James 
 (Col.), 186 
 
 James (Maj.), 584 
 
 Samuel, 184 
 McCAMANT 
 
 Charles, 161 
 
 James, 154 
 
 James Sr.). 161 
 
 James (Jr.), 161 
 McCAMEY 
 
 John, 585, 588 
 
 Robert, 588 
 McCAMISH 
 
 James, 161 
 
 John, 161 
 
 Joshua, 154 
 
 Samuel, 154 
 
 William, 161 
 McCAMMIN 
 
 James, 584 
 
 Rebecca, 592 
 HcCAMMONT 
 
 Alex., 566 
 
 James, 193, 194, 394, 
 415, 585, (2) 
 
 James (Maj.), 186, 424 
 
 John, 585 
 
 Samuel, 184 
 McCAMMY 
 
 Robert, 585 
 McCAN 
 
 Danl., 560 
 McCANLASS 
 
 Robert, 595 
 McCANNEY 
 
 J., 574 
 McCAPPIN 
 
 John, 154 
 McCABNEY 
 
 John, 199 
 McCAKRELL 
 
 (rev.), 540 
 
 T. C, 540 
 McCASBOL 
 
 John, 592 
 McCARTEY 
 
 Daniel, 183 
 McCARTHEY 
 
 Alexander, 249 
 McCARTIE 
 
 Adam, 152, 579 
 
 Alexander, 152, 579 
 McCARTY 
 
 John, 169 
 McCASLIN 
 
 James, 223 
 McCOULEY 
 
 (Mr.), 151, 284, 335, 524 
 
 C. F. (Rev.), 570 
 
 Charles, 229 
 
 Clay, 345 
 
 Harry, 336 
 
 I. H., 205, 325, 335, 
 395, 431, 484 
 
 Isaac H., 201, 420, 480(2) 
 
 Samuel, 184 
 McCAULL 
 
 (Gen.), 707 
 
 McCAUSLAND 
 
 (gen.), 353, 383, 386, 480(2) 
 489, 630 
 
 (Mr.), 443, 453(2), 474, 475 
 493, 501 
 
 John A. (Gen.), 383 
 
 Thomas, 285 
 McCAVIN 
 
 Robert, 592 
 McCAVITY 
 
 Cromwell, 580 
 McCIBBENS 
 
 Wm., '580 
 McCIMM 
 
 James, 574 
 McCLAIN 
 
 Daniel, 182 
 
 Daniel B., 550 
 
 David, 182 
 
 James, 560, 592 
 
 Thos., 561 
 McCLANNAHAN 
 
 (Mr.), 531 
 
 James, 153 
 
 John, 590(2) 
 McCLAINE 
 
 John, 580 
 
 Patrick, 556 
 McCLARIN 
 
 Patrick, 153 
 McCLATCHEY 
 
 James , 580 
 
 Robert, 580 
 McCLAY 
 
 Charles, 827 
 
 Eleanor, 824 
 
 Esther (l), 827 
 
 Janet, 824 
 
 John, 200, 202, 241, 
 453, 827 
 
 John (VI), 826 
 
 William, 204, 416, 827 
 McCLEAN 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 924 
 
 Arch., 153 
 
 Robert F., 540 
 McCLEASEN 
 
 Thos., 409 
 McCLEARY 
 
 Alexander, 560, 891 
 
 & Smith Co., 894 
 
 Andrew, 151, 568 
 
 Caroline, 891 
 
 family, 589 
 
 G. W., 435 
 
 George W. , 436, 891(2), 894 
 
 Jane, 559 
 
 John, 561, 612, 891(2) 
 
 Katie, 891 
 
 Mary, 891 
 
 Nancy, 891 
 
 Robert, 245, 559, 891 
 
 William, 225, 891 
 McCLEEN 
 
 John, 588 
 McCLELAND 
 
 Sam'l., 596 
 McCLELLAN 
 
 , 719 
 
 (tir.), 282, 543 
 
 -72- 
 
fodex of Names continued 
 
 McCIJXLAN continued 
 (Gen.)> 344, 356, 359 
 (Mr.). 707, 833 
 Archibald, 559 
 Baker, 870 
 David, 153, 162 
 Frances J., 870 
 George, 230 
 H. B. (Mai.), 356 
 Hayes , 435 
 Hugh, 153 
 
 James, 153, 155, 608 
 J., 431 
 
 James, 151, 569 
 Jane, 8«4 
 John, 152, 155, 224, 
 
 290, 556, 569, 580, 
 
 591, 592, 610 
 John, 152, 155, 244, 290 
 
 580, 591, 592, 610 
 John (Dr.), 282, 289, 290 
 
 545, 706 
 John (Jr.), 216 
 L., 289, 568 
 Margaretta, 650 
 Nancy, 389 
 Robert, 151, 155, 545, 
 
 550, 560, 561, 569 
 William, 153, 155, 230, 
 
 240, 560, 561, 569, 
 
 580, 610 
 William (Maj.), 236 
 William E. , 564 
 William F., 351 
 William !.•, 249 
 
 McClelland 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 David, 163 
 
 David (Mrs.), 163 
 
 James, 568 
 
 Jane, 827 
 
 John, 182, 243, 245, 515 
 
 841 
 Jno. (Capt.), 592 
 Patrick, 170 
 Robert, 241, 425, 432, 
 
 568, 827 
 Ruth, 841 
 S. B, (Rev.), 299 
 Samuel, 195 
 Susanah, 841 
 Thomas, 206 
 W. C, 414 
 William, 394 
 William C. (Prof.), 299 
 
 |5&e)?543 
 McCLELLON 
 
 Win. (Jr.), 580 
 
 Win. (Sr.), 580 
 MoCLELON 
 
 Henry, 574 
 
 Hugh, 596 
 
 James, 596 
 
 Joseph, 578(2), 596 
 
 Thos., 596 
 
 Win,, 578 
 McCLENAHAN 
 
 (Widow), 580 
 
 Jas.', 560 
 
 MCCLENAGHAN 
 
 James, 223 
 
 William, 223 
 McCLENNAN 
 
 Robert (Hon.), 415 
 McCLlNTICK 
 
 John, 463 
 
 John (Cmt.), 463 
 McCLINTCCK 
 
 John, 598 
 
 D. , 199 
 
 Daniel, 578, 596 
 
 David, 578 
 
 J. H., 472 
 
 J.. P., 389, 481(2) 
 
 James P., 420 
 
 John, 206, 224, 236, 
 242 
 
 John (Capt.), 236 
 
 John D., 351 
 
 Joseph H,, 293 
 
 M. v., 352 
 
 Samuel, 152, 610 
 McCLOSKEY 
 
 Archibald, 588 
 
 John, 561 
 McCLURE 
 
 (Col.), 265, 356, 359, 
 362, 363, 664 
 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 A. K., 265, 393, 395(2) 
 421 
 
 A. K. (Col.), 384, 412 
 644 
 
 Alexander K., 265(2), 431 
 503 
 
 Alexander K. (Col.), 252 
 
 Emma, 599 
 
 Hugh, 580 
 
 John, 580 
 
 Joseph , 484 
 
 Joseph M. , 421 
 
 Mary E. , 825 
 
 Robert P., 420 
 
 Samuel, 825 
 
 William 241, 578 
 McCLURG 
 
 (Gov.) 700 
 
 A. L. , 482 
 McCLY 
 
 i Reid, 679 
 McCOCHARAN 
 
 Arch'd, 576 
 McCOID 
 
 James, 170 
 MsGGLLAM 
 
 John, 182(2) 
 McCOLLODGH 
 
 Patrick, 592 
 McCOLLEY 
 
 John, 241 
 
 Nathan, 184 
 McCOLLOCH 
 
 James, 590 
 McCOLLOCK 
 
 John, 589 
 McCOLLOH 
 
 (President), 232 
 
 A. H., 324 
 
 T. G. (Mr.) 
 
 -73- 
 
 McCOLLOH continued 
 
 Thos. G., 232 
 McCOLLOUGH 
 
 George, 608 
 
 J. P. (Capt.), 529 
 
 James, 170 
 
 John, 170, 515 
 
 Mary R., 820 
 
 T. J., 820 
 
 W. L., 514 
 McCOLLOUGH S 
 
 , 561 
 
 McCBHE 
 
 James , 182 
 
 Robert, 146 
 
 Thomas, 154 
 McCOMBE 
 
 John, 594 
 McCOMBS 
 
 (the), 594 
 
 John, 154, 594 
 
 Hachan, 154 
 
 William, 566 
 McCON 
 
 James, 162 
 McCONAUGHY 
 
 (Dr.), 700 
 
 David, 422 
 McCONKEY 
 
 James, 596 
 
 John, 596 
 McCONNALL 
 
 Alex., 576 
 
 Win., 578 
 McCONNAUGHEY 
 
 David, 580 
 
 James, 580 
 
 John, 580 
 McCONNEL 
 
 Alexander, 569 
 
 James, 569, 585 
 
 Robert, 585 
 McCONNELL 
 
 (Mr.), 424, 811 
 
 Alexander, 155, 184, 239, 
 597, 604(2), 605(2) 
 
 Elisa, 936 
 
 Francis, 244, 604, 605, 
 607 
 
 Hugh, 239 
 
 James, 155, 194, 203, 239, 
 240, 394, 643 
 
 James (See KcConnell), 245 
 
 James (Capt.), 183 
 
 John, 152, 189, 199, 241(2), 
 244, 604, 610 
 
 John (Capt.), 184 
 
 Margaret, 843 
 
 Martha, 843 
 
 Matthew, 183 
 
 Nathan, 179 
 
 Robert, 154, 161, 241, 
 464, 580 
 
 William, 154 
 McCONNOLLY 
 
 John, 419 
 McCOON 
 
 John, 153 
 McCORD 
 
 David, 595 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 McCORD continued 
 
 H., 525 
 
 J. H., 540, 609 
 
 James, 244 
 
 John, 161 
 
 Mark, 594 
 
 Samuel, 587 
 
 William, 154, 577, 594 
 McCORKLE 
 
 (Mr.), 411 
 McCORMIC 
 
 Anna, 921 
 
 Mccormick 
 
 (Mr.), 664(2) 
 
 (Mrs.), 923 
 
 Alexander, 579, 664 
 
 Carrie B., 837 
 
 Chas., 578 
 
 Cyrus H., 262 
 
 Elizabeth, 840 
 
 George, 312 
 
 James, 163, 560, 837 
 
 James U. , 840 
 
 Jane, 825 
 
 Jesse, 664 
 
 John, 243, 352, 560 
 
 Levi, 441 
 
 Levi J., 664 
 
 Levi J. (Jr.), 664 
 
 Louisa, 664 
 
 Margaret, 840 
 
 Mary, 574 
 
 Patrick, 580 
 
 Robert, 580, 840 
 
 Robert H., 840 
 
 Sarah, 566 
 
 William, 181, 182 
 
 William B., 840 
 
 William D., 664 
 
 William H., 840 
 McCOSH 
 
 John, 179 
 McCOSKEY 
 
 James, 574 
 McCOWAN 
 
 (Dr.), 770 
 
 Daniel, 153 
 
 Matthew, 596 
 McCOWRY 
 
 Sarah Belle, 734 
 
 William, 734 
 McCOY 
 
 (Mr.), 639 
 
 Alexander, 572, 578 
 
 & Finney, 639 
 
 Daniel, 153, 169, 590 
 
 David, 612 
 
 James, 182, 206, 226, 
 590, 592, 891 
 
 Jane Oliver Carson (Mrs.) 
 848 
 
 John, 844, 589, 610 
 
 Joseph, 589 
 
 Margaret, 797 
 
 Nancy, 891 
 
 Naomi , 7 14 
 
 Robert, 152, 155, 184, 
 243, 516, 569, 591 
 
 Samuel F. (Hon.), 848 
 
 Wm., 590, 592 
 
 McCOY continued 
 
 William H. H., 224 
 McCOYS 
 
 (The), 571 
 McCRACKEN 
 
 Alexander, 223 
 
 John, 170 
 McCRARY 
 
 William, 825 
 
 James, 244, 590 
 McCREA 
 
 James , 590 
 
 John, 154, 580 
 
 Robert, 555 
 
 Samuel, 573, 588, 589 
 
 William, 590, 600 
 McCREARY 
 
 Mat., 154 
 
 Thomas, 183 
 McCREIGHT 
 
 B., 598 
 McCRlGHT 
 
 David, 154, 594 
 McCRORY 
 
 (Mr.), 259, 260 
 
 Samuel, 479 
 
 William, 545 
 McCUEN 
 
 James , 569 
 
 James (Mrs.), 569 
 
 John S., 526 
 McCULLOCH 
 
 (Miss), 923 
 
 Alexander S., 923 
 
 Archibald S., 351 
 
 Belle C, 923 
 
 Charles, 923 
 
 Eliza, 923 
 
 Elizabeth, 923(3) 
 
 George, 606 
 
 J. H., 923 
 
 James, 923 
 
 James H., 923 
 
 Jane, 923 
 
 John, 243, 923(2) 
 
 John C, 923 
 
 Margaret, 919, 923 
 
 Mary, 923(2) 
 
 Mary E., 923 
 
 Mary J., 923 
 
 Robert, 360, 923 
 
 Sarah, 560, 923 
 
 Sarah, 923(2) 
 
 Thomas, 923(2) 
 
 Thomas J. , 923 
 
 William, 923(2) 
 
 William M. , 923 
 
 William R. , 923(2) 
 McCULLOCK 
 
 Samuel, 201 
 McCULLOGH 
 
 Francis, 240 
 McCULLOH 
 
 (Mr.), 274, 665(2) 
 
 (Mrs.), 665 
 
 *•/?;• ??!■ 266(2). 441, 
 
 484, 665 
 Alexander H., 420 
 Alice E., 484, 486 
 Elizabeth, 665 
 
 -74- 
 
 McCULLOH continued 
 
 George, 664 
 
 J. C, 214 
 
 James, 182, 381 
 
 John, 610(2) 
 
 Margaret, 664, 665 
 
 Mary E., 484, 486 
 
 Prudence , 664 
 
 Robert, 664 
 
 Thomas, 463 
 
 Thomas G., 205, 243, 245, 
 274, 392, 394, 413, 419, 
 453, 664, 665 
 
 Thomas G. (Esq.), 453 
 
 Thos. G. (Hon.), 415 
 
 Thomas Grubb (Hon.), 664 
 McCULLOUGH 
 
 (Capt.), 353 
 
 Archie, 172, 173 
 
 Calvin, 927 
 
 George, 592 
 
 Georgians, 827 
 
 J. C, 435 
 
 James, 246, 568 
 
 James P., 353 
 
 John, 435, 927 
 
 Margaretta, 927 
 
 Martha A., 927 
 
 Samuel, 146 
 
 T. G., 265 
 
 W. Scott 
 McCULLOUGHS 
 
 (The), 543 
 McCULLUM 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 
 Patrick, 183 
 McCUMSEH 
 
 John, 249 
 McCUNE 
 
 , 550 
 
 (Hr.), 453 
 
 A. S., 606 
 
 & Delhi Co., 907 
 
 McLeary Co., 907 
 
 Archibald, 605 
 
 Archibald S., 206 
 
 Ella R., 922 
 
 John, 146, 244 
 
 John S., 421 
 
 Robert, 146, 435 
 
 Robert F., 923 
 
 Samuel, 591, 592, 594 
 
 William, 578, 592, 594 
 McCURDAY 
 
 Hugh, 580 
 
 James, 580 
 McCURDY 
 
 A. K., 435 
 Amos M. , 750 
 Ann, 750 
 Anna, 739, 840 
 Annie E., 750 
 Anthony K. , 345, 840 
 Arthur, 840 
 
 B. F., 479 
 Eliza, 837 
 Elizabeth, 837, 840 
 Hugh, 184, 605, 840 
 James, 239, 583, 605(2), 
 
 701, 750(3), 763, 837, 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 McCURDY continued 
 
 James cont., 840(3), 846 
 
 James (Jr.); 583 
 
 Jamesi (Maj.), 840 
 
 James R . , 346 
 
 James W. , 349 
 
 Jane, 840, 846 
 
 Jane E. , 880 
 
 John, 223, 241, 243, 
 345, 750 840 
 
 John (Hon.), 149 
 
 Margaret, 840 
 
 Margaret Ann, 763 
 
 Maria B., 750 
 
 Mary, 701, 750, 840(2) 
 
 Mary L., 750 
 
 Oliver B., 750 
 
 Robert, 840 
 
 S. 0. (Lieut.), 336 
 
 S. 0. Brown, 345 
 
 Stephen, 840 
 
 Stephen 0., 345, 750, 
 840(2) 
 
 Thomas, 587 
 
 William, 239 
 McCUSKER 
 
 Ferdinand (Rev.), 496 
 McCUTCHAN 
 
 Alex., 578 
 McCUTCHEN 
 
 Abraham, 244 
 
 Margaret, 879 
 
 Samuel, 244 
 McCUTCHEON 
 
 Alex., 572 
 
 Sam'l., 578 
 McDADE 
 
 Mary (Mrs.), 543 
 
 McDonald 
 
 Anna M. , 720, 788 
 Archibald, 183 
 
 C, 834 
 
 Calvin Brodie, 720 
 
 D. F., 529 
 
 D. L., 440(2) 
 
 David F., 345, 529 
 
 David L., 293 
 
 David Lamont, 719, 720 
 
 Elizabeth 916 
 
 James , 170 
 
 James Loomis, 720 
 
 Janet, 821, 822, 824 
 
 John, 169, 179, 182, 
 223, 592 
 
 John Hamilton, 720 
 
 John M. , 433(2) 
 
 Margaret, 806 
 
 Mary Ann., 719 
 
 Mancy E. , 834 
 
 William, 170, 183, 592 
 McDONELL 
 
 John, 182 
 McDONNALD 
 
 Handle, 580 
 McDONNEL 
 
 Mary, 762 
 
 Mcdonough 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 Redmond, 185 
 McDOUGAL 
 
 McDOUGAL 
 James, 583 
 
 McDowell 
 
 (Dr.), 289(2) 
 
 Miss), 568 
 
 (Mr.), 339, 707 
 
 A. (Sr.), (Dr.), 290 
 
 A. E., 266 
 
 A. N. (Dr.), 290 
 
 Agnes, 572, 705 
 
 Alexander, 879, 881 
 
 Alexander Bard, 882 
 
 Allison, 335 
 
 Allison (Lieut.), 355 
 
 Andrew, 212(2) 
 
 Andrew (Dr.), 274(2) 
 
 Anna Belle, 882 
 
 Archibald B., 881 
 
 Clark, 550 
 
 Elizabeth, 571, 879 
 
 George D., 422 
 
 J., 305 
 
 James, 203, 204, 214, 
 
 236, 239, 243, 245, 305, 
 310, 413, 415, 416, 420 
 (2), 550, 568, 571, 879 
 
 James D., 226, 305, 395, 
 419(2), 526 
 
 James Dunlap, 882 
 
 Jane , 713 
 
 John, 153, 155, 162, 164 
 165, 182, 216, 241, 
 360, 494, 406, 514, 
 568(2), 569, 572, 605, 
 872 
 
 John (Dr.), 274, 462, 630 
 
 John (Maj.), 705 
 
 John (Prof.), 516 
 
 John L. L. D., 572 
 
 John M. , 201, 203, 212, 
 419, 421, 482 
 
 Margaret, 879, 881 
 
 Margaretta, 881 
 
 Mary, 572, 879 
 
 Mary G., 571 
 
 Mary Jane, 882 
 
 Mary P., 571 
 
 Mathew, 578 
 
 May, 572 
 
 Nat., 193 
 
 Nathan, 204, 274, 568(2) 
 
 Nathaniel, 601 
 
 Patrick, 571' 
 
 Robert, 204, 509 
 
 Robert M. , 410 
 
 Robert Smith, 882 
 
 Rosanna, 687 
 
 Samuel M. , 335 
 
 Samuel M. (Capt.), 354(2) 
 
 Thomas, 184, 568, 571 
 
 Thomas C . , 243 
 
 Thomas Creigh, 882 
 
 Thomas H. , 344 
 
 W. M. (Capt.), 611 
 
 W. H., 406 
 
 W P. A. 341 
 
 William, ' 151, 155, 199, 
 200, 243, 216, 244, 
 265, 401, 515, 516, 568 
 569, 572 
 
 -75- 
 
 McDOWELL continued 
 
 Wm. (Jr.), 155, 569 
 
 William (Sr.), 243 
 
 William Beatty, 882 
 
 William Clark, 552 
 
 William E. , 349 
 
 Wm. H., 201, 552, 568 
 
 William M. , 205, 213, 243 
 
 Wm. S., 394, 572 
 MCDOWELLS 
 
 (the), 572 
 
 (the, 568, 571 
 McELDER 
 
 William, 352 
 McELEVE 
 
 James, 179 
 McELHANY 
 
 James, 610 
 McELHENNY 
 
 Elizabeth, 747 
 
 Mary, 744 
 
 William, 747 
 McELHENY 
 
 Annie, 745 
 
 H. A., 745 
 
 Rachel J., 224 
 
 S. W. , 745 
 
 Tillie E., 224 
 
 Mcelroy 
 
 (Rev.), 545 
 
 George, 578 
 
 Henry, 349 
 
 Samuel, 242 
 
 Sarah (Mrs.), 545 
 McELVEY 
 
 Sarah, 837 
 
 William, 837 
 McELWAIN 
 
 (Mr.), 306, 309 
 
 A. (Mr.), 306 
 
 A. J., 295 
 
 A. M. , 309 
 
 Andrew J., 214, 310 
 McELWEE 
 
 John, 340 
 McENALLY 
 
 Jacob, 582 
 McENTIRE 
 
 (Mr.), 594 
 McENTYRE 
 
 Patrick, 560 
 McFADDEN 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Clara, 878 
 
 D. S., 504 
 McFAGGEN 
 
 Soyer, 242 
 McFALL 
 
 Malcolm, 608 
 McFARAN 
 
 Joshua, 153 
 
 Samuel, 153 
 McFARLAN ■ 
 
 James, 183, 574 
 McFARLAND 
 
 (Widow), 155, 569 
 
 Anna, 883 
 
 Elizabeth, 572 
 
 James, 184, 230, .329, 
 463, 610 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 McFAtiLAND continued 
 
 John, 253, 526, 572 
 
 R. P., 514(2) 
 
 Robert, 239 
 
 Robt. G., 572 
 
 Thomas B., 420 
 McFARLIN 
 
 Daniel, 244 
 
 James, 578, 592 
 McFERREN 
 
 John, 652 
 
 Mary Emma, 652 
 
 Samuel, 556 
 McFARRON 
 
 Henry, 590 
 
 Matthew, 590 
 McFAUL 
 
 John, 592 
 McFERN 
 
 Henry, 766 
 
 Mary, 766, 920 
 McFERRAN 
 
 Jacob, 464 
 
 Jacob , 464 
 
 George, 243 
 
 Jacob, 242 
 
 Mary, 890 
 
 Mattle, 893 
 
 Peter, 211 
 McFERSON 
 
 George, 182 
 McFETRIDGE 
 
 John, 182 
 McGAFFIGAN 
 
 P., 389 
 
 Peter, 463 
 McGAHEY 
 
 Andrew, 183 
 McGAREA 
 
 Michael, 182 
 McGAUGHAY 
 
 Margaret, 839 
 
 Mary J., 738 
 
 James X. , 834 
 
 Mary J., 834 
 McGAUGHEY 
 
 William 153 
 McGAW 
 
 David, 151 
 
 Hugh L., 225 
 
 James, 244 
 
 Jesse (Dr.), 245 
 
 John, 182 
 
 John E., 225 
 
 Patrick, 279 
 
 William, 153 
 McGEE 
 
 Dan., 149 
 
 H. B. (Mrs.), 947 
 
 Henry, 184 
 
 Patrick, 580 
 
 Thomas, 582(2) 
 
 Thomas (Rev.), 599 
 
 Walter, 947 
 McGEEHAN 
 
 John, 463 
 
 John (Col.), 697(2) 
 
 Wallace & Co., 697,(2) 
 McGANNET 
 
 Charles, 584 
 
 McGIBSON 
 
 Michael, 179 
 McGIGGIN 
 
 Cornelius, 179 
 McGILL 
 
 (Dr.), 716 
 
 Charles, 154, 160 
 
 John A. (Rev.), 582 
 McGILLXGEN 
 
 Barney, 183 
 McGINITY 
 
 Henry, 346 
 McGINLEY 
 
 A. A. (Rev.), 750 
 
 Amos (Rev.), 759 
 
 Amos A. (Rev.), 607, 750 
 
 Ebenezer, 738, 750 
 
 G. W., 535 
 
 Jane Eleanor (Mrs.), 825 
 
 Kargaret, 738 
 
 Mary Ann, 750 
 
 William, 750 
 McGINLY 
 
 Mary, 865 
 
 Wash, 900 
 McGINNIS 
 
 Francis, 677 
 McGLASHAN 
 
 Leonard (Sergt.), 174 
 McGLEA 
 
 Charles, 154 
 McGOVRAN 
 
 Annie E., 666 
 
 Edmund G. (Dr.), 666 
 
 Nancy, 666 
 
 Philip, 666 
 
 William, 422 
 
 William M. (Dr.), 666 
 McGRATH 
 
 (Mr.), 666 
 McGOWAN 
 
 Anna, 785(2) 
 
 Daniel, 785 
 
 Daniel Stewart (Dr.), 785 
 
 Edith, 785 
 
 Frank, 785 
 
 Hannah T., 785 
 
 Hiram (Dr.), 832 
 
 James, 153 
 
 John, 578 
 
 Samuel, 349, 481 
 
 Stewart, 785 
 
 Theodore, 214, 421, 785 
 
 Theodore (Capt.), 355 
 
 Thomson, 785 
 McGOWEN 
 
 W., 566 
 McGRAIL 
 
 W. F., 534 
 McGRATH 
 
 A. C, 470, 471, 476, 
 481, 666 
 
 Annie, 665 
 
 Elizabeth, 656 
 
 Frank, 481 
 
 Frank R., 666 
 
 John , 666 
 
 Sarah, 569 
 
 Susan M. , 666 
 
 Susan R. Hutchison, 666 
 
 -76- 
 
 McGRATH continued 
 
 T. J., 421 
 
 William 202, 211, 656 
 McGRAW 
 
 Morris, 560 
 
 William, 244 
 
 McGregor 
 
 Daniel, 588, 596 
 McGUIGAN 
 C. A., 421 
 
 Justinian (Lieut.), 354 
 McGUIRE 
 
 (Miss), 842 
 Catherine, 784 
 Elizabeth, 844 
 Robert, 184, 580, 605 
 Thomas, 570 
 Thomas G. , 225 
 McHAFFEY 
 
 James, 179 
 McHENRY 
 
 (Rew.), 603 
 James, 240 
 S. (Rev.), 520, 576 
 Solomon (Rev.), 570, 611 
 McIBBINS 
 
 William, 184 
 McILHENIES 
 
 (The), 581 
 McILLHALLON 
 
 Wm., 569 
 McILLHATTON 
 
 William 155 
 McILLROY 
 
 (Mrs.), 599 
 George, 229 
 Samuel, 344 
 McILLNO 
 
 Robert, 182 
 McILVAINE 
 
 John, 465 
 McILVANEY 
 
 Robert, 205, 540 
 McILWAIN 
 
 Andrew, 421 
 McILWAE 
 
 Absalom, 241 
 McINTIRE 
 A., 565 
 Patrick, 153 
 Wm., 605 
 McINTYRE 
 Hugh, 561 
 John, 596 
 
 Wm., 1.82, 580, 605 
 McKAIN 
 
 (Mr.), 453 
 William, 472 
 McKANE 
 
 Joseph, 566 
 Robert, 566 
 Wm., 436 
 James, 212 
 McKEAN 
 
 Hugh, 597 
 
 John, 459 
 
 Joseph B. (Hon.), 413 
 
 Thomas, 400, 402, 405, 
 
 456 
 William, 242 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 McKEANEY 
 
 George, 155 
 McKEANY 
 
 John, 154 
 McKEASNEY 
 
 Honathan, 161 
 HcKEE 
 
 (Rev.), 496, 583 
 
 Eliza, 679 
 
 George, 606 
 
 Hugh, 153 
 
 James, 153, 189, 566, 765 
 
 John, 154, 245 
 
 Joseph (Rev.). 582 
 
 S. K., 482 
 
 Sadie E., 756 
 
 William, 223, 560 
 
 William A. 609 
 McKEEHAN 
 
 (Miss), 606 
 
 Alexander (Dr.), 606 
 
 C. Watson, 421 
 
 Joseph, 582 
 
 (Dr.), 605 
 McKEEN 
 
 Alexander, 585 
 
 James , 584 
 
 Thos., 596 
 McKEEVER 
 
 Alexander, 574, 575 
 McKAHAN 
 
 James , 146 
 McKELLEY 
 
 Jas., 560 
 McKELVY 
 
 Joseph, 245 
 McKENNY 
 
 Alex., 182 
 McKESSON 
 
 Samuel R., 341 
 
 William, 210, 242, 416 
 HcKEY 
 
 Robt., 592 
 McKEYNEY 
 
 Joseph, 578 
 McKIBBEN 
 
 Chambers , 606 
 
 David B., 346 
 
 James , 245 
 
 Jeremiah, 182 
 
 Joseph, 566 
 
 Lettlce, 566 
 
 Robert P., 421 
 
 Chambeis , 393 
 
 Chambers (Hon.), 465 
 McKILLOP 
 
 Hugh, 592 
 
 John, 223 
 McKIM 
 
 Eleanor, 749(2) 
 
 James, 241, 434, 749 
 McKIMEY 
 
 Alex., 574 
 McKIMM 
 
 James, 578 
 McKINEY 
 
 Smith, 746 
 McKINGHAM 
 
 John, 182 
 McKINLEY 
 
 Mckinley continued 
 
 Daniel, 484 
 
 James, 229 
 
 John, 183 
 
 Patrick, 183 
 
 William, 170 
 McKINNEY 
 
 Spencer, 239 
 
 Walter, 184, 223 
 
 William, 154 
 
 William A., 551(2) 
 McKINNIE 
 
 (Mr.), 680 
 
 (Miss), 724 
 
 Adam, 202 
 
 Eliza, 881 
 
 Margaretta, 881 
 
 Robert, 881 
 McKINNON 
 
 Lachlan, 506 
 McKINSTRY 
 
 , 526 
 
 (Miss), 530 
 
 (Mr.), 259, 863, 864, 
 865 
 
 Alexander, 865 
 
 Caroline, 866 
 
 Charles, 835 
 
 Charles R., 867 
 
 Claudins B., 421, 866 
 
 Edward P., 867 
 
 Eliza, 865, 866 
 
 family, 863(2) 
 
 Howard L., 866 
 
 Kate, 835 
 
 James W. , 420, 865(2), 
 866 
 
 John, 865 
 
 Margaret, 866, 867 
 
 Maria, 865, 866 
 
 Mary, 865, 867 
 
 Robert, 865(2) 
 
 Thomas, 203 
 
 W. D., 504, 514, 526(2) 
 
 W. E. 529 
 
 William, 243, 394, 526 
 
 863, 865 
 
 William D. , 203, 265, 435, 
 
 864, 865, 866, 867 
 William E., 866 
 
 McKINZIE 
 
 James , 240 
 
 William, 240 
 McKISSACK 
 
 John, 590 
 McKISSOCK 
 
 James, 182 
 McKISSON 
 
 (Capt.), 900 
 
 (Mr.), 179 
 MCKNIGHT 
 
 (Capt.), 668 
 
 (Dr.), 289 
 
 (Mr.), 667 
 
 (Rev.), 462 
 
 (Rev.) (Dr.), 611 
 
 & Stenger, 643, 759 
 
 David (Capt.), 822, 826 
 
 Eleanor, 822, 826 
 
 Elizabeth B., 667 
 
 Mcknight continued 
 G. B.,299 
 
 George B. , 212, 243 
 George B. (Dr.), 280 
 H., 766 
 James, 266 
 James A., 212, 266, 421, 
 
 433, 502, 643, 666 
 John, 225 
 John (Jr.), 566 
 John (Rev.), 329(2), 450, 
 
 587 
 John (Rev.) (Dr.), 280 
 Kate S. Senseny, 686 
 Louisa B. Lindsay, 667 
 Louisa H, Davison, 666 
 Mary L. , 667 
 William, 566, 676 
 William C. 666 
 William M. , 476, 686 
 William P. (Dr.), 834 
 
 Mcknight's 
 
 farm, 460 
 McKNWKEY 
 
 John, 454 
 McKUSICK 
 
 Daniel, 182 
 McLANAHAN 
 
 (Mr.), 564(2), 720 
 
 (Mrs.), 720 
 
 A. Elizabeth, 720 
 
 A. B., 719 
 
 A. B. (Jr.), 546 
 
 Alice, 712, 720 
 
 Andrew G., 555, 563, 723(2) 
 
 Andrew Gregg, (Jr.), 421 
 
 Celia, 720 
 
 Craig, 310 
 
 Dick, 720 
 
 E. Ormond, 720 
 
 Isabel, 720 
 
 Isabella, 720 
 
 Isabella G., 545 
 
 J. C, 543, 546, 551(2) 
 
 J. C. (Esq.), 504 
 
 J. E., 484 
 
 J. X. (Hon.), 415 
 
 James, 544, 559, 561(2), 588 
 589, 720(2) 
 
 James (Sr.), 545 
 
 James X., 392, 393, 420, 
 618, 720 
 
 James X. (Hon.), 936 
 
 Jessie, 720 
 
 John, 545, 588, 589, 720 
 
 John B. , 244 
 
 Johnston, 293 
 
 Joseph, 720 
 
 M. H. E., 552 
 
 Margaret, 720 
 
 Mary, 545, 720(3) 
 
 Rebecca, 720 
 
 Robert, 544, 720 
 
 S. S., 421 
 
 Samuel, 540, 720 
 
 Samuel (Rev.), 546 
 
 Sarah, 720 
 
 T. J., 212, 291(4), 292(6) 
 
 Thomas , 589 
 
 William, 545, 720(2) 
 
 -77- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 McLANE 
 
 Archibald, 244 
 
 Mclaughlin 
 
 (Mr.), 4", 721 
 HcLAUGLIN 
 (Mrs.), 529 
 
 McLaughlin 
 
 Anna, 721 
 
 Bertha, 721 
 
 Bryan, 182 
 
 Charles M. , 721 
 
 Cornelia J., 720 
 
 Frank H., 226, 721 
 
 Harry P., 720, 721 
 
 Henry P., 226 
 
 Howard H., 721 
 
 J. G., 529(2) 
 
 James H., 705 
 
 John, 560 
 
 Mary, 705(2) 
 
 Perry 721 
 
 Perry B., 720 
 
 Peter, 563 
 
 Robert, 604 
 
 Samuel, 239 
 
 William, 721 
 McLAWS 
 
 Lafayette (Maj.) (Gen.) 
 365 
 McLEAN 
 
 (Mr.), 758 
 
 D. V. (Rev.), 501 
 Donald, 578 
 
 John, 395, 559, 578, 
 610(2) 
 
 Lazarus , 560 
 
 Mary, 926 
 McLELLAN 
 
 William, 153, 389, 390, 
 746(2), 747(2), 807 
 M'CLELLAND 
 
 William H., 345 
 Mc LEERY 
 
 & McCune Co., 907 
 
 Fannie, 807 
 
 J. W. , 807 
 McLEISHER 
 
 Daniel, 472 
 McLELLAN 
 
 Andrew, 211 
 
 E. Belle, 677 
 Eliza J., 558 
 James , 184 
 John, 184 
 
 John (Jr.), 184 
 
 William, 184, 203, 420, 
 465, 677 
 
 William (Esq.), 460, 681 
 McLELLAND 
 
 John, 152, 591 
 
 Robert, 420 
 HcLENE 
 
 (Mr.), 185 
 
 Daniel, 185, 561 
 
 James, 184, 200, 320, 
 391, 392, 393, 394, 
 560 
 
 Richard, 560 
 
 Thos., 561 
 McLENEGAN 
 
 McLENEGAN 
 
 Mai., 697(2) 
 (Mr.), 697(2) 
 
 & Wallace, 697 
 
 & Wallace, 697 
 
 Elija, 697(2) 
 
 Emily B., 661 
 
 Emily Beattes, 697(2) 
 
 Mary, 697(3) 
 
 Samuel, 697 
 
 William, 344, 389(2) 
 
 William (Maj.), 697 
 McMACKEN 
 
 Hugh (Rev.), 496 
 McMAHAN 
 
 Joseph, 249 
 
 James, 155, 569, 591 
 McMATH 
 
 Eleanor, 740 
 
 John, 153, 591, 740 
 
 John (Mrs.), 740 
 McMICHAEL. 
 
 John, 182 
 McMICHAELS 
 
 John, 579 
 McMILLIN 
 
 Samuel, 223 
 McMlLLQN 
 
 Robert, 245 
 McMINNON 
 
 Francis, 578 
 McMORRIS 
 
 (Dr.), 756 
 McMULLAN 
 
 Dan'l., 580 
 
 Enos, 580 
 
 John, 574 
 McMDLLEN 
 
 Alexander, 241 
 
 Charles, 183 
 
 John H., 226, 435 
 McMULLIN 
 
 Michael, 182 
 
 Robert, 605 
 McMULLINS 
 
 (the), 581 
 McMURRAY 
 
 Joseph, 578 
 McMURRY 
 
 Robert, 239 
 McMURTIE 
 
 John, 179 
 McNAUGHTON 
 
 Duncan James, 852 
 
 Ellen Jane, 852 
 
 Findlay W. (Rev.), 516 
 
 Mary, 825 
 
 S. H., 349 
 McNAULL 
 
 Jennie, 930 
 McNEAL 
 
 Augustus, 243 
 
 James , 243 
 
 John, 241 
 
 Patrick, 592 
 McNlCHALS 
 
 Alexander, 182 
 McNULTY 
 
 Hugh, 239, 463 
 
 Joseph, 421 
 
 -78- 
 
 McNULTY continued 
 
 Michael, 555, 556, 596 
 McNUTT 
 
 Alexander, 146, 154 
 
 Anthony, 578 
 
 John, 578 
 
 William, 154 
 McFHERREN 
 
 Andrew, 566 
 
 Henry, 575 
 
 Samuel, 151, 559 
 McPERRIN 
 
 (Rev.), 593 
 
 Jacob M., 614 
 
 T. (Rev.), 593 
 
 Thomas, 312 
 
 Thomas (Rev.), 592, 593 
 
 Mcpherson 
 
 (Mr.), 193 
 
 D. H., 209 
 
 Edward (Hon.), 193 
 
 Martha W. (Mrs.), 924 
 
 Robert (Col.), 193 
 McPIKE 
 
 Charles, 240 
 McQUOID 
 
 Anthony, 170 
 McQUOWN 
 
 James, 239 
 
 Robert, 240 
 
 William, 240 
 McREADY 
 
 Lorans, 185 
 McREYNOLDS 
 
 Andrwe T, (Maj.), 553 
 McROBERTS 
 
 David, 578 
 
 Jas., 560 
 McROREY 
 
 James , 566 
 McROUN 
 
 Charles, 183 
 McSHANE 
 
 Susannah, 223 
 McSHERRY 
 
 James, 392 
 McSWANE 
 
 George, 163 
 McSUINE 
 
 Hugh, 169 
 McTHOMPSON 
 
 Rees, 578 
 M'CULLOUGH 
 
 James P., 345 
 McVITTY 
 
 Cromwell, 579 
 
 Margaret, 750 
 
 Robert, 750 
 McWIlXIAMS 
 
 James, 574 
 MEADE 
 
 (Gen.), 443, 886 
 
 George G. (Maj.) (Gen.) 
 371 
 MEADS 
 
 Washington, 246 
 MEANOCH 
 
 Wm., 592 
 MEANS 
 
 Elizabeth, 925 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 MEANS continued 
 
 J. McCord, 435, 440 
 
 John, 594 
 
 Miranda L. (Mrs.), 925 
 
 Traxler, 592 
 
 William, 595 
 MEAR 
 
 Alexander, 184 
 MEARNS 
 
 William, 153 
 MEARS 
 
 Francis, 592 
 
 Samuel, 184 
 MEARYAKD 
 
 John, 609 
 MEASE 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 NEASY 
 
 John, 463 
 MEAYER 
 
 (Rev.). 523 
 MECHESNEY 
 
 James, 711(2) 
 
 Jane, 711 
 
 Jennie, 711 
 
 Susan, 711 
 MEDOUR 
 
 Barbara, 613 
 
 Ja cob, 613 
 MEEK 
 
 David, 592 
 
 John, 578(2) 
 teEGROW 
 
 James, 185 
 MEHAFFEY 
 
 Frank, 212 
 
 Franklin, 421 
 
 John, 249 
 
 Kate, 941 
 
 Samuel, 941 
 MEHRING 
 
 Charles, 341 
 MEILY 
 
 Fronica, 576 
 MELINGER 
 
 Elizabeth, 494 
 MELON 
 
 Philip, 182 
 MELVIN 
 
 Harry, 336 
 HEHINGER 
 
 Samuel E., 582 
 MENCH 
 
 A. H., 549 
 MENDENHAIX 
 
 E. B., 205 
 
 Elijah, 419 
 
 Elijah B. , 212 
 MENER 
 
 Joseph, 590 
 MENGEL 
 
 George H. & Co., 254 
 MENGES 
 
 Peter, 196 
 MENNER 
 
 John, 590 
 MENSOR 
 
 Able, 590 
 
 David, 590 
 MENTZER 
 
 MENTZER continued 
 
 Abel, 766 
 
 Benjamin, 202, 756 
 
 Daniel, 241 
 
 David, 242 
 
 George, 766 
 
 Hannah M. , 766(2) 
 
 Henry, 766 
 
 John, 766 
 
 Joseph, 766 
 
 Josiah, 351 
 
 Mary, 766 
 
 Obed (Lieut.), 355 
 
 William, 766(2) 
 MEOR 
 
 Alex., 184 
 MERCER 
 
 (Dr.), 271, 431 
 
 Hugh (Dr.), 270, 509 
 
 Hugh, 161 
 
 Hugh (Gen.), 424 
 
 James, 155, 569 
 
 John, 155, 569 
 
 W. T., 609 
 
 William, 525 
 MERCEREAU 
 
 C. L. (Lieut.), 708 
 MERCKEL 
 
 Catharina, 521 
 MEREDITH 
 
 Col., 339 
 
 Francis, 769 
 
 Francis (Mrs.), 769 
 
 J. L., 553 
 
 S. A. (Col.), 336 
 
 W. M. (Hon.), 688 
 MERKELL 
 
 (Mr.), 453 
 MERKLE 
 
 Jacob, 202 
 
 Levi, 390 
 
 Martin, 590 
 MERKLEIN 
 
 (Dr.), 662, 557 
 
 (Mr.), 657 
 
 C. H., 292(2) 
 
 Chas. H. (Dr.), 657 
 
 F. C, 657 
 
 G. H., 667 
 
 G. H. & Co., 667 
 George H., 202, 667 
 George H. & Co., 255 
 George Henry, 667 
 George Henry (Jr.), 667 
 
 MERZ 
 
 George M. , 292 
 
 MESSERSMITH 
 
 George R., 325, 390 
 
 MERKLEIN 
 
 Henry, 243, 324 
 M. A, (Mrs.), 557 
 Margaret A. Nave, 557 
 Mary C, 557 
 
 MERRICK 
 
 A. D., 421 
 
 MERVIN 
 
 William H., 421 
 
 MESSERSMITH 
 
 G. R. (Mr.), 465 
 
 METCALF 
 
 METCALF continued 
 
 Catherine, 717 
 
 J. R., 552 
 
 John (Mrs.), 717 
 
 Thomas, 389 
 
 Thomas D., 345 
 METCALFE 
 
 (Mr.), 511, 892 
 
 Ira G., 892 
 
 J. L. , 891 
 
 J. T., 891 
 
 Laura B., 892 
 
 Mary A. , 846 
 
 Mary Agnes, 847 
 
 Nancy, 892 
 
 Thomas, 212 
 
 William, 846 
 METZ 
 
 Abraham, 635 
 
 Amanda, 861 
 
 B. 0., 796 
 
 Barbara, 599 
 
 Casper, 570(2) 
 
 John F., 349 
 
 John H., 225 
 
 Leah (Mrs.), 810 
 
 Martha, 781, 800 
 
 Susan, 796 
 METZGER 
 
 George, 419 
 MEVITY 
 
 (Miss), 747 
 
 Robert, 747 
 MEYERS 
 
 Aaron, 882 
 
 Abraham, 822 
 
 Adam, 241 
 
 Amos, 882 
 
 Anna Mary, 882 
 
 Daniel D. , 882 
 
 Elem, 882 
 
 Eliza, 882 
 
 Elmer, 882 
 
 Emma, 882 
 
 Enos, 882 
 
 Ezra, 882 
 
 Fannie, 882 
 
 Henry, 482 
 
 Ida, 882 
 
 Jacob, 880 
 
 John, 882 
 
 John S., 882 
 
 Katie, 882 
 
 Mary, 882 
 
 Melchi, 882 
 
 Nancy, 880 
 
 Norman, 882 
 
 Polly, 880 
 
 Susan, 882 
 MICHAEL 
 
 (Mrs.) (Dr.), 734 
 
 Anna Maria, 702 
 
 Catherine, 702 
 
 Charles (Dr.), 721, 734 
 
 John, 702 
 
 John M. , 819 
 
 Maria, 734 
 
 Mary E., 819 
 MICHAELS 
 
 Mr., 668 
 
 -79- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 MICHAELS continued 
 
 Catharine, 668 
 
 Charles W., 668(2) 
 
 Chrsitian, 668 
 
 Delia G., 668 
 
 Eddie, 668 
 
 Harriet, 668 
 
 Harry T., 668 
 
 John R. , 342 
 
 John W., 668 
 
 Joseph W., 342 
 
 Minnie F., 668 
 
 Wm., 435, 441 
 
 William H., 667 
 MICHAL 
 
 Mary, 560 
 MICHELS 
 
 George, 472 
 MICHLEY 
 
 Henry, 571 
 MICKEY 
 
 Elizabeth (Mrs.), 923 
 
 L. A., 526 
 
 Mary B., 803 
 
 Sarah, 923 
 MICKLEY 
 
 Abraham, 952(2) 
 
 Daniel, 531, 952(2), 963 
 
 Emma, 952 
 
 Harvey, 952 
 
 John, 952 
 
 Mary A., 930 
 
 Nora Grace, 952 
 
 Peter, 952 
 MIDDLEKAUFF 
 
 John, 351 
 
 John H., 352 
 
 L. D., 340 
 
 Mollie, 930 
 MIDDOUER 
 
 Joseph, 211 
 MIDDOUR 
 
 Alice, 892(2) 
 
 Barbara, 892, 895 
 
 Catherine, 892 
 
 Clara Annie, 892 
 
 David, 892 
 
 David S., 892 
 
 Elizabeth, 895 
 
 family, 892 
 
 George, 892 
 
 Harry J., 892 
 
 Jacob, 205, 435, 892(2) 
 895 
 
 John, 892 
 
 Joseph, 892 
 
 Joseph C, 892 
 
 Lizzie, 892 
 
 Mary, 892 
 
 Mary E., 892 
 
 Nellie K., 892 
 
 Samuel, 892 
 MIDDOW 
 
 George, 230 
 MIFFLIN 
 
 (Gov.), 191, 406, 409, 
 411 
 MICHAELS 
 
 Eddie, 668 
 
 Harriet, 568 
 
 MILES 
 
 (Capt.), 558 
 (Mr.), 668 
 (Mrs.), 668 
 
 C. Wm., 481 
 
 D. S. (Col.), 339 
 George G., 758 
 George, 335 
 
 George L., 335, 345, 351, 
 481, 668 
 
 George L. (Capt.), 481 
 Jacob M. , 343 
 
 Mary, 645, 668 
 
 Mary E., 668 
 
 Mary E. Crider, 668 
 
 William, 645, 668 
 MILESES 
 
 (The), 569 
 MI LEY 
 
 Catherine, 939 
 
 H. M. , 471 
 
 John G., 939 
 
 R. T., 441 
 
 Sallle J., 939 
 MILHUF 
 
 Susan, 711 
 MILL 
 
 John, 531 
 MILLAR 
 
 Andrew, 580 
 
 Dan!., 196, 560 
 
 Elizabeth, 196(2) 
 
 Hannah Michael, 196 
 
 Hanse Michael, 196 
 
 Henry, 560(2), 566, 590 
 
 Isaac, 590 
 
 Jacob, 560 
 
 John, 196, 560, 594 
 
 Peter, 596 
 
 Thomas, 594 
 MILLER 
 
 (Capt.), 543 
 
 (Mr.), 314, 603, 669, 
 746, 751, 913 
 
 (Mrs.), 669 
 
 (Rev.),. 503 
 
 A., 496 
 
 A. A., 434 
 
 A. G. (Jr.), 421 
 
 A. J., 389, 402 
 
 Albertus A., 721 
 
 Alexander, 153, 170, 592 
 
 Alexander R. , 582 
 
 Alice J., 721 
 
 Amanda (Mrs.), 794 
 
 & Geyer Co., 821 
 
 & Stonebraker Co., 736 
 
 Andrew, 556, 669, 879 
 
 Andrew J. , 453, 454, 659 
 
 Anna, 952 
 
 Annie, 857 
 
 Annie E., 867 
 
 Arminia, 954 
 
 Arowine, 552 
 
 Arthur, 154 
 
 Belle, 751 
 
 C, 539 
 
 Calvin, 867 
 
 Calvin H., 857 
 
 Catharine, 867 
 
 -80- 
 
 MILLER continued 
 
 Catherine Elizabeth, 897 
 
 Catherine, 806, 913, 953 
 
 Charles, 241 
 
 Charles F., 454 
 
 Christian, 539, 578, 590 
 
 D. R., 952 
 
 D. Reutch, 293 
 
 D. T., 534 
 
 Daniel, 246, 350, 389 
 
 Daniel A. , 346 
 
 Daniel D., 867 
 
 Daniel P., 563 
 
 David, 376, 380, 381, 745, 
 
 751, 952 
 David B. , 341 
 David S., 952 
 Dewitt Clinton Rench, 721 
 David T. , 529 
 Durbin G., 509 
 Edgar, 751 
 Elizabeth, 722, 751, 857, 
 
 951 
 Ellen, 659 
 Elmer, 751 
 Emma, 713, 857 
 Enma S., 867 
 Eve, 606, 669, 952 
 family, 380 
 Franklin, 954 
 Franklin G., 750 
 Frederick, 204, 454, 563, 
 
 669, 751(2) 
 Frisby H. , 913 
 Fritz, 932 
 G. A. & Son, 441 
 G. M., 241 
 G. W., 492 
 
 George, 241, 246, 494 
 George A., 224 
 George D., 913 
 George H., 225, 336 
 George W. , 867(2) 
 Grant, 913 
 H., 750 
 
 Hance (Jr.), 560 
 Harry H., 867 
 Henry, 546, 563, 590, 751(2) 
 
 952 
 Hezekiah, 743 
 Ludiana F., 913 
 Isaac, 169, 566 
 Isaac (Capt.), 296, 586 
 Isabella, 751 
 J., 755 
 
 J. B., 441, 459, 470, 659 
 J. Keller (Rev.), 511 
 J. J., 435 
 
 J. P. (Rev.), 314, 494 
 J. R. (Rev.), 476 
 J. W. (Rev.), 499 
 Jacob, 445, 857, 953 
 Jacob F., 867 
 James, 992, 705 
 James (Rev.), 495, 539 
 James B., 351 
 James Henry (Dr.), 701 
 James W. , 340 
 Jane, 751 
 Jane Scott, 721 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 MILLER continued 
 Joaquin, 423 
 John, 223, 241, 244, 266, 
 
 389, 455, 504, 574, 584, 
 
 590, 648, 751, 867, 952 
 John (Esq.) I 154 
 John <Sr.), 590, 751 
 John (Jx.), 751 
 John F., 713, 952 
 John G., 549, 746 
 John J., 952 
 John R., 421 
 Joseph, 592 
 .Ailia Ann, 669 
 Katie S., 669 
 Laura, 751, 826 
 Lena, 751 
 Ullie, 751 
 Louisa, 827 
 Louisa Price, 721 
 Louias v., 648 
 Lucy, 751 
 M. (Mr.), 917 
 M. H., 294 
 Mabel Denie, 669 
 Margaret, 669, 705, 
 
 855, 751 
 Margaret M. , 705 
 Margie A., 952 
 Martha A., 913 
 Martin, 205, 435, 751(2), 
 
 912(2), 
 Mary, 543, 678, 751(3), 
 
 782, 783, 881, 953 
 Mary A., 867(2) 
 Mary C. Sinmson, 669 
 Mary K., 944 
 Mary Lemon, 721 
 Mary M. , 743 
 Mattie, 669 
 May, 867 
 McClealan, 821 
 Michael, 196, 749, 944 
 Michael D., 346 
 Milton H., 913 
 Morris Edgar, 952 
 0. D., 800 
 Peter, 596 
 Rachel, 625 
 Robert,. 154, 182, 566 
 Sadie, 751 
 Samuel, 546, 751 
 Samuel (Rev.), 256, 676 
 Samuel S., 867 
 Sarah, 800, 808, 875, 952 
 Sarah Ann, 932 
 Siiah C, 867 
 Simon, 266' 
 Solomon, 678 
 Susan, 962 
 Susan E., 913 
 Susanna, 805, 912 
 Susanna R. , 913 
 Tirzah, 749 
 V. D., 294 
 Victor D., 203 
 Victor Davis (Dr.), 721 
 Victor Davis (Jr.), 721 
 W. D., 435 
 W. E., 481 
 
 MILLER continued 
 
 W. E. (Capt.), 566 
 
 W. H., 421 
 
 Walter, E. K., 952 
 
 William, 241(2), 751(2) 
 867 
 
 William (Jr.), 420 
 
 William H., 244, 351, 352, 
 535, 953(2) 
 
 William T., 867 
 MILLERS 
 
 (the), 445 
 MILLIGAN 
 
 Hugh, 182 
 
 D. B., 395 
 
 William, 591 
 MILLISON 
 
 John, 185 
 MILLETT 
 
 Mary, 878 
 MILLS 
 
 A., 472 
 
 J., 534 
 
 James , 265 
 
 N. B., 492, 525, 609 
 
 Nathan B., 582 
 
 W. R., 525 
 
 William, 242 
 MI LONE 
 
 John, 242 
 MILREA 
 
 William, 155 
 MILROY 
 
 (Gen.), 553 
 
 (Mr.), 361 
 MILTM) 
 
 John, 182, 183 
 MINDLE 
 
 Martin, 594 
 MINEHART 
 
 Buna, 299, 586 
 
 Naomi, 299, 586 
 MINER 
 
 Isaac, 185 
 
 Thomas , 154 
 
 William, 531 
 (QNICH 
 
 Ellen, 927 
 
 Jane, 225 
 .. William, 225 
 MINICHS 
 
 (the), 445 
 MINICK 
 
 Adam, 785 
 
 Barbara, 785 
 
 Davdd, 785 
 
 Elizabeth-, 785 
 
 Ephraim, 785(2) 
 
 Hannah M., 785 
 
 Jacob, 785 
 
 John, 785(2) 
 
 John D. W., 785 
 
 Julia E., 785 
 
 Juliana, 785 
 
 Margaret, 785 
 
 Mary 785(2) 
 
 Peter, 785 
 
 Peter, Strous, 785 
 
 Samuel, 785 
 
 -81- 
 
 MINICK continued 
 
 Susannah, 785 
 MINIER 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 MINK 
 
 Michael, 594 
 
 Nicholas, 594(2) 
 MINNER 
 
 George, 590 
 MINNICH 
 
 Annie, 696 
 
 Barbara, 661 
 
 Bartholemew, 669(2) 
 
 Beisll, 669 
 
 Basil H. , 56r9 
 
 Edward A., 343(2) 
 
 George A. , 481 
 
 Henry, 669 
 
 Joseph, 201 
 
 Margaret, 638 
 
 Mary A. Mullennix, 669 
 
 Michael, 638 
 
 Peter, 462 
 
 S. L. (Rev.), 570 
 
 Samuel, 669(2), 696 
 
 Sarah E., 669(2) 
 
 William Francis, 669(2) 
 MINNICK 
 
 Elizabeth, 769 
 
 L., 325 
 
 Jennie, 785 
 
 S. L., 549 
 
 William B., 785 
 MINSHALL 
 
 Robert, 525, 582, 609 
 MINTOOTH 
 
 William, 561 
 MISH 
 
 Charlotte E., 807 
 
 Frederick, 807 
 
 George W., 807 
 
 Henry A., 420 
 
 Jacob W., 807 
 
 Jeremiah, 434 
 
 Jeremiah L. , 807 
 
 John, 807 
 
 John F., 807 
 
 Margaret, 807 
 
 Mary A., 807 
 
 Prucilla (Mrs.), 807 
 
 W. F., 529 
 
 Wm. F., 529 
 MI SHY 
 
 Mary, 912 
 MISNER 
 
 Joseph, 244 
 MITCHAL 
 
 Nath., 858 
 MITCHEL 
 
 James, 154, 585 
 
 Jesse, 585 
 
 John, 153 
 
 John (Jr.), 154 
 
 Joseph, 585 (2) 
 
 Robert, 585 
 
 William, 169 
 MITCHELL 
 
 (Mr.), 789 
 
 Alexander, 154, 597 
 
 Catharine, 545 
 
Hisotry of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 MITCHELL continued 
 
 Edward A., 352 
 
 Gavin, 154 
 
 J. A. S., 421 
 
 James, 155, 161, 184, 244 
 545, 569, 578, 584 
 
 John, 151, 566(2) 
 
 Joseph, 154, 584, 588 
 
 Joseph B., 231 
 
 Joshua, 161 
 
 Matilda, 727 
 
 Murdock, 241 
 
 Richard, 597 
 
 S. S. (Rev.), 485 
 
 Samuel, 182, 588 
 
 Thomas, 183, 223 
 
 William, 154, 161, 584 
 
 William G., 202 
 MITERHOUSE 
 
 Philip, 194 
 MITSOR 
 
 George, 590 
 M'KINEY 
 
 Alex'r., 506 
 M'LOUGHLIN 
 
 Barnabas, 566 
 M'LELLAN 
 
 Ellen (Mrs.), 370 
 MOELLER 
 
 Frederick (Rev.), 463 
 
 J. F. (Rev.), 611 
 
 John F., 329 
 
 John Frederick (Rev.), 
 576, 611 
 MOHLER 
 
 J., 462 
 
 Jacob, 595 
 HOLLER 
 
 Frederick (Rev.), 490 
 MOLLEN 
 
 Robert, 183 
 MOLLURITZ 
 
 Henry R. F., 220 
 MOLURICH 
 
 Henry, 596 
 MONAGH 
 
 Samuel, 153 
 MONATH 
 
 (Mr.), 670 
 
 Anna Catherine 670 
 
 Edward, 345, 351 
 
 Eliza, 670 
 
 John, 476, 491, 670 
 
 John W. , 670 
 
 Lewis, 345 
 
 Samuel, 502, 669 
 
 Walter S., 670 
 MONEY 
 
 Patrick, 590 
 MONG 
 
 William (Lieut), 354 
 MONIGHAN 
 
 J., 529 
 MONK 
 
 John, 153 
 MONKS 
 
 Henry, 389 
 MONN 
 
 John (Jr.), 210 
 MONNINGER 
 
 MONNINGER continued 
 
 Sarah, 694 
 MONROE 
 
 (Mr.), 453 
 
 D. S. (Dr.), 492 
 
 J., 525 
 
 Reuben, 242 
 
 Thomas (Rev.), 599 
 
 W., 525 
 
 Wm. , 525, 609 
 MONTAGUE 
 
 Mary, 676 
 
 Obed, 676 
 MONTGOMERY 
 
 & Richards, 716 
 
 C. A. (Mrs.), 670 
 
 Cammel, 242 
 
 Campbell, 240 
 
 Eliza, 720 
 
 Humphrey, 154 
 
 J., 293(3), 609 
 
 James, 184, 
 243, 506, 670 
 
 James H. (Capt.), 354 
 
 John, 154, 176, 182, 184, 
 291(5), 292(4), 293, 
 788 
 
 John (Dr.), 570 
 
 M. (Mrs.), 389 
 
 P. B.,440 
 
 Peter B., 294 
 
 Richard (Gen.), 591 
 
 Samuel, 181, 594 
 MOODEY 
 
 John, 329 
 MOODY 
 
 (Mr.), 595 
 
 James C. , 420 
 
 John (Rev.), 495 
 
 Martin, 596 
 MOONEY 
 
 Patrick, 531 
 
 William, 244, 536 
 MOOR 
 
 Andrew, 155, 559 
 
 Charles, 155 
 
 James, 560, 585 
 
 John, 153, 274, 588 
 
 Small, 550 
 
 Thomas, 594 
 
 William, 155, 559 
 MOORE 
 
 (Capt.), 249 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Abel B., 349 
 
 Alexander, 182 
 
 Anna, 737 
 
 Benj. I., 340 
 
 David, 578 
 
 Elizabeth, 924 
 
 Emma, 718 
 
 George, 887 
 
 H. J., 580 
 
 J. P., 525, 549 
 
 J. Fatten, 552 
 
 James, 578, 578(2), 
 580, 590, 592, 505 
 
 James (Sr.), 580 
 
 James (jr.), 580(2) 
 
 John, 161, 181, 182, 
 
 -82- 
 
 MOORE continued 
 
 John cont., 578 
 
 John W., 578 
 
 Joseph, 580 
 
 Martin M. (Capt.), 245 
 
 Moses, 152, 579 
 
 Rebecca, 887 
 
 Robert, 149 
 
 Samuel, 561, 578, 579 
 
 Sarah P., 552 
 
 Solomon, 549 
 
 Susan (Mrs.), 702 
 
 T. V. (Rev,), 544, 706 
 
 Temperance, 748 
 
 Wm., 241, 580 
 MOOREHEAD 
 
 John, 525 
 
 Fergus, 274, 592 
 
 James, 531(2), 589 
 
 John, 153 
 
 Joseph, 578 
 
 Samuel, 154, 562 
 
 Thomas, 578 
 
 William, 578 
 MORE 
 
 Roger, 142 
 MOREHEAD 
 
 James , 553 
 
 John, 582, 589(3) 
 
 Michael, 575 
 
 Samuel, 152, 573, 577 
 
 Thomas, 152, 577 
 
 Win., 578 
 MORELAND 
 
 William, 244 
 MORGAN 
 
 Able, 183 
 
 Joseph, 153 
 MORGANTHALL 
 
 A. D., 532, 533, 534(3) 
 
 Catherine, 894 
 
 E., 534 
 
 E. C, 534 
 
 John, 894 
 MORHEAD 
 
 James , 241 
 MORIS 
 
 Mathias, 572 
 MORISON 
 
 Andrew, 155, 569 
 MORLAN 
 
 John, 155, 569 
 MORRETT 
 
 Daniel, 691 
 
 Eleanora, 691 
 MORRIS 
 
 (Gov.), 143, 161, 164, 155, 
 166, 558 
 
 Joseph S., 582 
 
 Robert, 823 
 MORRISON 
 
 Andrew, 592 
 
 Daniel, 491, 492 
 
 Nancy, 491 
 
 William, 155, 170, 569, 
 592 
 
 William A., 421 
 MORROW 
 
 (Rev.), (Dr.), 329 
 
 Andrew, 583 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 MORROW continued 
 
 Charles, 146 
 
 Gavin, 149, 20'i 
 
 Gawin, 566 
 
 Henry, 560 
 
 James, 235, 592, 596, 
 610 
 
 Jeremy, 769 
 
 Joseph, 202 
 
 Michael, 758 
 
 Nancy, 752, 756, 
 758 
 
 Paul, 419 
 
 Richard, 149, 202, 205, 
 211, 212, 463, 580, 
 583, 596, 756 
 
 Robt . , 566 
 
 Sarah, 758, 769 
 
 William, 191, 454 
 
 William J., 211 
 MORTER 
 
 Catharine, 783 
 
 Catherine, 890 
 
 Christiana (Mrs.), 890 
 
 David, 890 
 MORTIMER 
 
 J., 526 
 MORTON 
 
 James, 578, 588 
 
 John, 274 
 
 0. P., 431 
 MOSABOCK 
 
 George, 590 
 MOSES 
 
 Alexander, 588 
 MOSS 
 
 Jarvis, 575 
 MOSSER 
 
 B. H., 526 
 
 Benjamin, 540 
 
 Catharine (Mrs.), 856 
 
 George W. , 351 
 HOTTER 
 
 Ada S., 953 
 
 Alice, 953 
 
 Guy, 953 
 
 Isaac M. , 536 
 
 Isaac M. (Rev.), 953 
 
 John C, 953 
 
 Lewis, 953 
 
 Lida, 953 
 MOUER 
 
 Simon, 752 
 MOUNTZ 
 
 Laura H. (Mrs.), 920 
 
 William A., 345 
 MOURERS 
 
 Mary, 914 
 MOWAN 
 
 Baltsher, 560 
 
 Dan'l., 560 
 
 Ludwick, 560 
 
 Stephen, 560 
 MOWEN 
 
 Catharine, 722 
 
 D. W. , 551 
 
 Daniel, 722 
 
 David H., 553 
 MOWER 
 
 Alexander B., 828 
 
 MOWER continued 
 
 Ann E., 818 
 
 Aqulla, 828 
 
 Aquilla, 828 
 
 Barbara A. , 876 
 
 Catherine, 828(2) 
 
 Charlotte W. , 786 
 
 David, 786, 828 
 
 Ella N., 828 
 
 Emeline, 828 
 
 familyl 786 
 
 Ford W., 828(2) 
 
 George, 761, 828(2) 
 
 George W. , 786 
 
 Henry, 828 
 
 Howard S., 786 
 
 Ida S., 828 
 
 Joanna, 828 
 
 John, 314, 818, 828(4) 
 
 John F., 786 
 
 Joseph, 828(2), 831 
 
 Joseph L Son, 828 
 
 Joseph D., 828 
 
 Joseph R., 828 
 
 Keziah J., 828 
 
 Lavina, 828 
 
 Leigh R., 786 
 
 Lizzie J., 828 
 
 Maria C, 786 
 
 Maral E., 761 
 
 Mary, 684, 828 
 
 Mary E., 786, 828 
 
 Nancy, 828 
 
 Polly, 728 
 
 Reid, 786 
 
 S. A., 526 
 
 Sabina, 828 
 
 Sallle, 828 
 
 Samuel A., 786 
 
 Sarah, 786 
 
 Sarah A.,. 786 
 
 Savena, 828 
 
 Simon, 828 
 
 Wiley P., 786 
 
 William, 828(2) 
 
 William Henry, 786 
 MOWERS 
 
 George W. , 342 
 
 John, 567 
 
 Joseph, 209, 567 
 
 Joseph E., 566 
 
 Mary, 684 
 
 S. A., 494 
 
 Samuel, 604 
 
 Samuel A. (Rev.), 570 
 MOWERY 
 
 Elizabeth, 818 
 
 Jacob S., 202 
 MOWL 
 
 Anthony, 594 
 
 J. N., 435 
 
 John, 240 
 MOYER 
 
 S. A., 549 
 MUCHLER 
 
 Howard, 341 
 MUELLER 
 
 (Capt.), 354 
 (Prof.), 644 
 
 MUHLENBERG 
 
 MUHLENBERG continued 
 
 Frederick Augustus, 392 
 MUHLENBURG 
 
 Henry (Dr.), 500 
 MUHLENGERG 
 
 Peter (Gen.), 429 
 MULL 
 
 John, 239, 243, 389, 
 504 
 
 John H., 435 
 MULLAN 
 
 Elizabeth, 844 
 
 John, 225, 226, 580,(2) 
 844 
 
 Lizzie, 844 
 MULLEN 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 
 Esther, 690 
 MULLENNIX 
 
 Bartholemew, 669 
 
 Lucretia, 669 
 
 Mary A., 669 
 MULLIN 
 
 James, 182 
 MUMMA 
 
 David, 242 
 
 John, 239 
 MUMMART 
 
 Adam, 571 
 MUMPER 
 
 Catherine, 898 
 MUNROE 
 
 Jonathan, 582(2) 
 
 Thomas H. W. , 492 
 
 William, 492 
 MURDOCH 
 
 Rosalie J. , 686 
 MURPHEY 
 
 Andrew, 154 
 MURPHY 
 
 Blanche, 828 
 
 Greenberry , 242 
 
 J. H., 514 
 
 James, 155, 369 
 
 John, 189, 590 
 
 Leven, 462 
 
 R. R. , 525 
 MURRAY 
 
 Adam, 152 
 
 Charles, 154 
 
 (Brig.) (Gen.) Francis, 
 191 
 
 Henry (Lord), 275 
 
 James, 239 
 
 John, 241 
 
 Lindley, 296 
 
 M. S., 526 
 
 0. L., 514 
 
 Patrick, 243 
 
 Thomas, 496 
 
 Wm., 441 
 MURREY 
 
 Patrick, 183 
 MURRIARITE 
 
 Huth, 578 
 MURRY 
 
 Thos., 596 
 MUSHET 
 
 John, 154, 573 
 
 -83- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 MUSHETT 
 
 John, 163 
 MUSSELMAN 
 
 Elizabeth, 812 
 MUSSER 
 
 H., 786 
 
 John, 239 
 
 Kancy, 786 
 MUTCHLER 
 
 Jefferson, 340 
 MUTERSBAUGH 
 
 Peter, 551 
 MYER 
 
 Elizabeth, 680 
 MYERS 
 
 A. A., 529(2) 
 
 Abraham, 666 
 
 i Shepler, 669 
 
 Anna, 758 
 
 Anna M. , 757 
 
 Catharine, 678 
 
 Catherine, 819 
 
 Elizabeth, 679, 880, 915 
 
 Frank, 481 
 
 G. W. C, 529 
 
 George H. , 351 
 
 H. S., 604 
 
 Harmon, 757 
 
 Jacob, 679, 702 
 
 Jacob, 679, 702 
 
 Jacob B., 345 
 
 John, 511, 585, 815 
 
 John S., 226 
 
 John T., 351 
 
 Joseph, 345 
 
 Oliver, 526 
 
 Peter, 241, 472 
 
 Philip, 241 
 
 Robert, 350 
 
 Robert L. , 604 
 
 Samuel, 205, 209, 
 504, 675 
 
 Susan, 701, 702(2), 715 
 
 Thomas, 335, 342 
 
 W. C, 529 
 MYERSES 
 
 (the), 598 
 NABB 
 
 Elisha, 239 
 NABLE 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 NAGEL 
 
 Christof., 268 
 NAILL 
 
 S. W. (Rev.), 499 
 NANTIER 
 
 Sam'l., 585 
 NAPOLEON 
 
 . 423 
 
 Louis, 251 
 NASCHOLD 
 
 F. W., 491 
 NASMUTH 
 
 Arthur, 577 
 NATCHEE 
 
 Joseph, 588 
 NAUGEL 
 
 Jacob, 590 
 NAVE 
 
 John, 598 
 
 NAVE continued 
 
 Joseph, 249 
 
 Margaret A., 667 
 NAZER 
 
 Susan, 857 
 NEAD 
 
 (Mr.), 253, 359 
 
 B. F., 406 
 
 B. M. , 421 
 
 Benj. F., 479(2), 480 
 
 M. , 325 
 
 Mathias, 201 
 
 Matthias, 325, 463, 549 
 NEAGLE 
 
 Richard, 580 
 NEAL 
 
 Andrew, 154 
 
 David, 184, 580, 755 
 
 Emma, 755 
 
 John, 152, 223, 245, 
 534 
 
 Joseph, 241 
 
 Lucy, 446 
 
 Margaret, 771 
 
 Nancy, 752 
 
 Thomas , 154 
 
 Wm. , 556, 560 
 NEALE 
 
 I. St. Clair, 609 
 
 Patrick, 179 
 NEALY 
 
 James, 184, 580 
 NEAVES 
 
 Jacob, 585 
 
 John, 585 
 NEELEY 
 
 Victor, 569 
 NEELY 
 
 Henry, 531 
 
 Samuel, 170 
 
 Victor, 155 
 NEFF 
 
 George, 241 
 
 Jacob, 242 
 
 John K., 231 
 NEGLEY 
 
 Catherine, 869 
 
 David M. , 869 
 
 E. (Dr.), 290 
 
 Eliab (Dr.), 291 
 
 Ida M., 541 
 
 (Brie.) (Gen.) J. S., 
 339 
 
 Jacob, 206(2), 593 
 
 Mary, 717 
 IIEIDING 
 
 John, 314 
 NEIL 
 
 John I., 351 
 NEIMAN 
 
 James, 549 
 NEISELY 
 
 Henry, 531 
 NELSON 
 
 A. K. (Rev.), 587, 611 
 
 & Craig, 475 
 
 Craig & Co., 441 
 
 T. M., 205, 266 
 
 Thomas M. , 205 
 MERHOOD 
 
 -84- 
 
 MERHOOD continued 
 NESBIT 
 
 Wm., 560 
 NESBITT 
 
 Thomas, 559 
 
 William M. , 229 
 NETOR 
 
 JacoTs, 590 
 NEVIN 
 
 (Dr.), 426, 429, 512, 
 845 
 
 (Mrs.), 429 
 
 A. G., 953 
 
 Alfred (Rev.), 493 
 
 Alice, 429 
 
 Allen Co., 953 
 
 Andrew G., 230 
 
 Blanche, 429 
 
 Bruce E., 953 
 
 Cecil, 429 
 
 Daniel, 597 
 
 Daniel E. (Rev.), 426 
 
 David R. B., 420 
 
 Edith A., 953 
 
 Hannah, 826 
 
 J. W. (Dr.), 425, 510 
 
 J. W. (Rev.„, 524 
 
 John W., 425 
 
 John W. (Dr.), 425, 597, 688 
 
 John W. (Rev.), 511, 621, 
 845 
 
 John Williamson (Dr.), 425 
 
 Julia R., 953 
 
 M. R., 226 
 
 Martha J., 429 
 
 Mary A., 953 
 
 Mary Lee, 953 
 
 Matilda, 953 
 
 Matilda R. , 230 
 
 Robert J. (Rev.), 429 
 
 Robert P., 426 
 
 Samuel U. , 209 
 
 T. S., 953 
 
 Theodore H., 426 
 
 W. Wilberforce, 429 
 
 William (Prof.), 826 
 
 William G., 953 
 
 William M. )Prof.), 426 
 NEVINS 
 
 David, 594 
 NEWBY 
 
 , 323 
 
 Dangerfield, 323 
 NEWCOM 
 
 Charles, 580 
 NEWCOMER 
 
 (Dr.), 892 
 
 (Miss), 869 
 
 (rev.), 314 
 
 C. B., 929 
 
 Catharine, 947 
 
 Catherine, 892 
 
 Christian, 549, 550 
 
 David, 965 
 
 Elizabeth, 730, 947 
 
 Emma A. , 854 
 
 Emma Louisa, 929 
 
 John, 947, 965 
 
 Joseph, 854 
 
 Julia, 965 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 NEWCOMER' continued 
 
 Martin, 210, 211, 265 
 
 Mary M., 965 
 
 Peter, 590 
 
 Susan, 877 
 NEWCOMMER 
 
 Maria, 881 
 NEWELL 
 
 Mary, 676 
 
 Robert, 155, 569 
 
 Win., 592 
 NEWLINS 
 
 Nathaniel, 152, 577 
 NEWMAN 
 
 Adam, 604 
 
 & King Co. 658 
 
 David D., 349 
 
 Fry & Co., 658 
 
 Jacob F., 345 
 
 John Henry, 429 
 
 Kate, 625 
 
 Laura M. , 788 
 
 Magdalena, 733 
 
 Mary A., 752 
 
 Prucilla, 807 
 
 William, 752 
 NEWSWANGER 
 
 Esther, 784 
 NEWTON 
 
 B. F., 299 
 
 B. F. (Prof.), 586 
 NICCOLLS 
 
 Samuel J., 344, 484 
 NICHOLAS 
 
 John, 590 
 
 Joseph, 590 
 
 Wm. , 574, 590 
 
 Edward, 153(2), 588, 589 
 
 Josephine (Mrs.), 483 
 NICHOLSON 
 
 John, 590 
 
 S., 597 
 
 Samuel, 585, 598(2) 
 
 Win., 182, 585, 590 
 NICKEL 
 
 Archibald, 183 
 NICKLAS 
 
 (Mr.), 670 
 
 (Mrs.), 670 
 
 Adam, 670, 799 
 
 Anna Eliza, 800 
 
 Charlotte, 800 
 
 Elizabeth, 795 
 
 George, 670 
 
 Jacob, 795, 800 
 
 Jacob B., 799, 800 
 
 Jeremiah, 800 
 
 Joseph, 800 
 
 Margaret, 670, 799 
 
 Maria, 795 
 
 P. & Bro., 475, 670 
 
 Peter, 670 
 
 Sadie, 800 
 
 Sarah, 800 
 
 Anna M. , 819 
 
 Catherine, 819 
 
 William, 819 
 NICODEMUS 
 
 A. L., 954 
 
 NICODEMUS continued 
 
 Arminta, 954 
 
 Catherine, 954 
 Conrad, 590 
 
 D. 0., 174, 435, 954 
 Dora, 954 
 
 NIDECKER 
 
 E. D.,491 
 Fred'k., 590 
 Joh, 350, 954 
 Margaret, 954 
 Samuel, 954 
 
 NIGH 
 
 George, 394 
 
 John, 556 
 
 John (Sr.), 543 
 
 Samuel, 244 
 NIGHS 
 
 (the), 543 
 NILL 
 
 (Judge), 416 
 
 J. (Judge), 462 
 
 James, 265, 335, 394, 
 395, 416, 420 
 
 Joseph, 420 
 
 T. J., 390, 421, 552 
 
 Thomas J., 344, 345 
 NILLSON 
 
 John (Jr.), 585 
 NILS ON 
 
 John (Jr.), 585 
 NILSON 
 
 John, 580 
 
 John (Sr.), 585 
 NIMMON 
 
 Adam, 840 
 
 Elizabeth Moody, 838 
 
 George, 840 
 
 Geopge (Mrs.), 840 
 
 J. S., 205 
 
 J. S. (Maj.), 840 
 
 John, 840 
 
 John S., 205, 343, 841 
 
 Mary Morris Skinner (Mrs.)) 
 840 
 
 Sarah, 841 
 NIPPER 
 
 Ab'm., 590 
 
 David, 590 
 
 Elizabeth, 590 
 
 Peter, 590 
 NISBXT 
 
 Thomas , 153 
 NISLEY 
 
 Elizabeth (Mrs.), 781 
 
 Esther, 775 
 
 Jacob, 781 
 
 John, 781 
 
 Martin, 781 
 NISWENGER 
 
 David, 869 
 
 Mary, 869 
 
 Sarah, 869 
 NITIERHOUSE 
 
 (Mr.), 638 
 
 (Sr.), (Mr.), 462 
 
 Agnes, 634 
 
 & Evans, 638 
 
 G. A., 472 
 
 George W. , 470 
 
 -85- 
 
 NITTERHOUSE continued 
 
 John, 205, 242, 462 
 
 Ludwick, 242 
 Mary, 638 
 
 Philip, 210(2), 462, 474, 
 638 
 NIXON 
 
 J. S., 389 
 
 Jacob S., 325 
 
 John, 242 
 
 Susan F., 390 
 
 William, 463 
 NOBLE 
 
 A. J., 435 
 
 Alice, 711 
 
 Alice S., 883 
 
 Anna Belle, 883 
 
 Augustus J. , 841 
 
 Elenor, 841(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 882 
 
 family, 841 
 
 Howard F., 883 
 
 John, 154, 241, 606, 
 751, 841(3) 
 
 John (Mrs.), 841 
 
 John (Sr.), 580, 607, 841 
 
 John (jr.), 580 
 
 Johnston, 841(2) 
 
 Joseph, 241, 580, 605, 
 841(2) 
 
 Lucy, 841(2) 
 
 Martha B., 841 
 
 Mary, 751, 841(2), 842 
 
 Mary Susan, 841 
 
 Myra, 841 
 
 Ruth, 841(2) 
 
 Samuel, 841 
 
 Sarah, 841 
 
 Sarah Maude, 883 
 
 Solomon, 841 
 
 Susanah, 841 
 
 W. P., 292(2) 
 
 W. P. (Dr.), 435, 882 
 
 W. P. (Dr.), 435 
 
 William, 751, 841(3), 882 
 
 William (Dr.), 711 
 
 William P., 291(2), 293 
 
 Win. R., 351, 607, 841 
 NOCHTWINE 
 
 William, 243 
 NOEL 
 
 Jacob, 445 
 
 John, 224, 456, 596 
 
 Johh (Sr.), 462, 463 
 NOFTSKER 
 
 Catherine, 831 
 
 David, 831 
 NOGEL 
 
 Samuel, 242 
 NOONAN 
 
 William, 224 
 NORRICE 
 
 James, 154, 161 
 
 John, 161 
 NOFRIS 
 
 & Bros. , 652 
 
 Harrison, 341 
 
 Isaac, 402 
 
 Richard, 540 
 
 William, 231 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 NORTH 
 
 A. J., 552 
 
 John, 751 
 
 Mary, 751 
 NORTHCRAFT 
 
 Francis, 265 
 NORTON 
 
 W. J., 481 
 
 William J., 342 
 NOHELL 
 
 (Dr.). 552, 702 
 
 family, 721 
 
 J. F. (Dr.). 551, 552 
 
 J. Fletcher, 552 
 
 J. Fletcer (Dr.), 721 
 
 Jennie, 722 
 
 John F., 293 
 
 Rachel A., 721 
 
 William, 721 
 NUGENT 
 
 (Father), 496 
 
 Washington G. , 344 
 
 William, 315 
 NUJANT 
 
 William, 154 
 NULL 
 
 Elizabeth, 818(2), 819 
 
 James, 818 
 NUNEMACHER 
 
 John, 243 
 NUSBAUM 
 
 David, 761 
 
 Emeline, 751 
 NUTS 
 
 Cutlip, 560 
 NYE 
 
 , 546 
 
 (Miss), 921 
 
 Geo., 561 
 
 John (Sr.), 560 
 
 John (Jr.), 560 
 OAKES 
 
 , 322 
 
 Andrew (Capt.), 239 
 
 Catherine, 494 
 
 David, 494 
 
 Eliza Belle, 623 
 
 George, 494 
 
 John, 494 
 
 John (Jr.), 494 
 OAKFORD 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 OAKS 
 
 (Capt.), 236 
 
 & Hoke, 650 
 
 Catherine, 930 
 
 David, 202, 390, 419, 
 462 
 
 Henry, 931 
 
 John, 462 
 
 Kate B., 931 
 
 Polly, 931 
 OBERCASH 
 
 Samuel, 546 
 OBERHOLSER 
 
 (Mr.), 787 
 
 Aaron, 786 
 
 Anna, 786 
 
 Barbara, 786 
 
 Christian, 785 
 
 OBERHOLSER continued 
 
 Christian (Rev.), 786 
 
 Fannie, ■j87, 785(2) 
 
 Henry, 786 
 
 Jacob, 786 
 
 John, 786(2) 
 
 Lizzie, 785 
 
 Maria, 785 
 
 Martin, 785(2) 
 
 Martin H., 786 
 
 Martin H. (Rev.), 786 
 
 Nancy, 786(2) 
 
 Rachel, 786 
 
 Maria, 774, 775 
 OBERKERAH 
 
 Baltzer, 576 
 
 Baltzer (Mrs.), 576 
 OBERKERSHES 
 
 (the), 575 
 OBERMEYER 
 
 Maximillian, 244 
 OBOLD 
 
 Caroline, 744 
 
 Mary, 744 
 
 Sibastlon, 744 
 O'BRIEN 
 
 James, 352 
 O'CAIN 
 
 John, 154 
 
 Richard (Esq.), 555 
 O'CAHAN 
 
 Ricahrd, 311 
 OCKER 
 
 John G., 351 
 OCKERMAN 
 
 J. F., 609 
 O'CONNOR 
 
 Richard (Rev.), 496 
 ODELL 
 
 C. S., 486 
 
 J. H., 486 
 OELLIG 
 
 (Dr.), 887 
 
 Francis A. , 294 
 
 John, 244 
 
 John (Dr.), 535 
 O'HARA 
 
 William (Rev.), 496 
 O'HARRAH 
 
 Francis, 183 
 OHLER 
 
 John, 382 
 OHMER 
 
 Jane E., 875 
 
 N. (Mr.), 876 
 OISTER 
 
 Christian, 464 
 OKKEL 
 
 George, 590 
 "Old 
 
 Hickory", 576 
 OLIVER 
 
 Jean, 847, 848, 849, 
 852 
 
 Margaret, 701 
 OLLER 
 
 Anna, 954 
 
 J. F., 532, 533, 947 
 
 J. J., 533 
 
 Jacob F., 954 
 
 36- 
 
 OLLER continued 
 
 Jesse R., 954 
 
 John B., 954 
 
 John S., 532 
 
 Joseph, 954 
 
 Joseph J., 954 
 
 May, 954 
 
 Rebecca, 954, 955 
 
 Susan, 954 
 OLNEY 
 
 (Mr.), 445 
 OMBLE 
 
 Henry, 578 
 OMMERT 
 
 Catharine, 876 
 OMWOKE 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 955 
 
 Ann, 722 
 
 Augustus B., 722 
 
 Catharine, 722(2) 
 
 Chalmers P., 722 
 
 Elizabeth, 722(3) 
 
 Eveline, 722, 954 
 
 George L. , 722 
 
 Henry, 205, 434, 722(3), 
 954 
 
 Howard R., 722 
 
 Jacob, 722(2) 
 
 James E., 722 
 
 Jeremiah, 722 
 
 Jeremiah S., 722 
 
 John, 722(2) 
 
 John 0., 722(2) 
 
 Mary Ann, 722 
 
 Mary K., 722 
 
 Rebecca, 722 
 
 Samuel, 722 
 
 Susan, 722 
 
 Wm. T., 722(2) 
 
 William Tell, 422, 954 
 O'NAIL 
 
 James, 580 
 ONANGET 
 
 Daniel,' 454 
 O'NEAL 
 
 Phelix, 183 
 O'NEALS 
 
 Fhilim, 142 
 O'NEIL 
 
 Barney, 225 
 OFENLENDER 
 
 Frederica, 940(2), 941 
 
 Frederick, 940 
 ORBISON 
 
 Arabella, 745 
 ORBISON 
 
 James, 412, 419 
 
 John, 592 
 
 Thomas, 569, 591 
 
 Thomas E. , 745 
 
 William, 155, 205, 419 
 ORNDORFF 
 
 William F,, 349 
 ORR 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 672, 573, 
 674, 675 
 
 D. A., 254, 674 
 
 family, 673, 919 
 
 J., 672 
 
 J. & Bros.; 672 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 ORR continued 
 
 J. R., 484 
 
 James, 155, 569 
 
 James B., 226, 395, 595, 
 671, 672 
 
 James B. (Col.), 255, 266 
 
 John, 206, 210, 416(2), 
 595, 671, 672, 910, 
 919 
 
 John (Hon.), 266, 818 
 
 John A., 229 
 
 John G., 254, 331, 674 
 
 John R., 212, 390, 421 
 465, 466, 486 
 
 Maggie (Mrs.), 486 
 
 Margaret , 671 
 
 Martha, 671, 818, 919 
 
 Mary A. Gish, 672 
 
 Nathan, 155, 569 
 
 Thomas , 671 
 
 Thomas (Capt.), 671 
 
 Thomas X., 421 
 
 W., 672 
 
 William, 595, 671, 672 
 
 Wm. (Sr.), 595 
 
 William (Jr.), 226 
 ORTAN 
 
 James , 154 
 ORTENBARGER 
 
 Jacob, 590 
 ORTH 
 
 John, 514 
 
 William, 345 
 ORTMAN 
 
 John, 182 . 
 OSBORN 
 
 (Miss), 738 
 
 Minerva, 738 
 OSBORNE 
 
 James , 412 
 
 William, 413. 
 OSWALD 
 
 Mary, 886 
 OTIS 
 
 Amanda, 919 
 OTT 
 
 Samuel, 390 
 OTTERBEIN 
 
 William (Rev.), 314 
 OURY 
 
 F., 612 
 OVELMAN 
 
 A. W., 534 
 
 William, 239 
 OVER 
 
 Abraham Oliver, 883 
 
 Anna Rebecca, 883 
 
 Barbara, 832, 879(2) 
 
 Catherina, 765 
 
 Christian, 883 
 
 Christian Elmer, 883 
 
 Eliza, 765, 883 
 
 Eliza Jane, 883 
 
 Emma, 883 
 
 George Willard, 883 
 
 Jacob, 883 
 
 James Garfield, 883 
 
 John, 241 
 
 John Calvin, 883 
 
 John P., 8.a3 
 
 OVER continued 
 
 Mary, 883 
 
 Mary Catherine, 883 
 
 Nettie, 809 
 
 Peter, 765 
 (2)0VERCASH 
 
 A. L., 482 
 OVERMEYER 
 
 (Mr.), 234 
 OWEN 
 
 Alexander, 549 
 
 Robert, 244 
 
 Samuel, 143, 608 
 
 William 549 
 
 Wilson, 550 
 OWENS 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 
 (Mr.), 462 
 
 Alexander , 494 
 
 Eugene, 296, 586 
 
 W. , 314 
 OWINS 
 
 Thomas, 155, 569 
 OYER 
 
 Abram S., 350 
 
 Solomon, 350 
 OYLER 
 
 A. P., 601 
 
 Bennett, 795 
 OYLEER 
 
 Bennett Harper, 795 
 OYLER 
 
 Ellie, 795 
 
 Jacob, 224 
 
 Laura E. (Mrs.), 765 
 
 Lydia (Mrs.), 810 
 
 Mary Jennett, 795 
 
 Robert Ambrose, 795 
 OYSTER 
 
 (Judge), 453 
 
 Chrsitian, 191, 200, 
 501, 596 
 
 George, 243 
 
 Jacob, 204, 210, 
 415, 462 
 
 Jacob (Judge), 454 
 
 Mat., 598 
 
 Peter, 262 
 PACER 
 
 George, 585 
 PACHEL 
 
 Felty, 560 
 PACHO 
 
 John, 580 
 PACKARD 
 
 (Widow), 574 
 PACKER 
 
 William F. (Gov.), 735 
 PACKMAN 
 
 John, 560 
 PACKSLER 
 
 Jacob , 560 
 PAIL 
 
 James , 594 
 PAILE 
 
 James, 153 
 PAINTER 
 
 James, 609 
 PAISEL 
 
 John,_525 
 
 -87- 
 
 PAGE 
 
 S. Davis, 639 
 PALMER 
 
 (Gov.), 567 
 
 (Mr.), 675(2) 
 
 Benjamin, 549, 552 
 
 C. F., 292(3) 
 
 Charles F., 212, 293, 482 
 
 Charles F. (Dr.), 661 
 
 Daniel, 786 
 
 Elizabeth, 645 
 
 George, 675 
 
 J. C, 205 
 
 Jane, 675 
 
 John, 351 
 
 Johan C, 205 
 
 Janathan, 353 
 
 Martha, 645, 675 
 
 Martha J., 786 
 
 Mary, 675, 825 
 
 Samuel, 351, 352, 675 
 
 Simon, 352, 553 
 
 Virginia, 649 
 PALSGROVE 
 
 George, 570 
 
 Samuel C, 570 
 
 William (Rev.), 570 
 PANCOAST 
 
 James , 584 
 PANTHER 
 
 Henry, 592 
 
 Mathias, 241 
 PARK 
 
 George W. , 838 
 
 James, 184 
 
 John, 244 
 
 Margaret Jane, 838 
 
 W. J., 842 
 PARKER 
 
 (Rev.), 607 
 
 Alexander (Lieut.), 182 
 
 Alice, 913 
 
 Billy, 149 
 
 E. E., 510 
 
 Elizabeth, 572 
 
 Isaac, 585, 588 
 
 John, 185, 579 
 
 Joseph, 582 
 
 Mary A., 856 
 
 Mary E., 856 
 
 Mary S., 572 
 
 Nancy, 149 
 
 Richard, 146 
 
 Richard (Mrs.), 146 
 
 Robert, 856 
 
 Sadie M. , 514 
 
 William, 179 
 PASKERSON 
 
 Christopher, 609 
 PAEKHILL 
 
 George W. , 546 
 
 John, 223, 592 
 
 William, 546 
 PAHKILL 
 
 W. D., 552 
 PARKISON 
 
 Christopher, 525, 609 
 PASKMAN 
 
 (Mr.), 172 
 PARKS 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 PAEKS continued 
 
 David, 513, 590 
 
 James, 205, 590 
 
 John, 590, 607, 840 
 
 Joseph, 419, 501 
 
 Margaret, 840(2) 
 PARK 
 
 (Capt.), 181 
 PARRET 
 
 Barbara C, 787 
 
 Branson M. , 587, 787 
 
 Catherine (Mrs.), 783 
 
 Jacob G., 787 
 
 Jairous S., 787 
 
 John H., 787 
 
 Katie, 787 
 
 Leannah L. , 787 
 
 Margaret A., 787 
 
 Mary, 787 
 
 Nancy C, 787 
 
 Philip, 787 
 
 Philip H., 787 
 
 Philip H. (Rev.), 787(2) 
 
 Sophia E., 787 
 
 Uriah, 787 
 PARSONS 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 PASS 
 
 Peter, 450 
 PASTORIUS 
 
 F. D., 144 
 PATERSON 
 
 (Mayor), 473 
 
 Edmund, 827 
 
 Isabella, 824 
 
 Mary Maclay, 827 
 PATON 
 
 John, 560 
 
 Joseph, 560 
 
 Fobt., 560 
 PATRICK 
 
 Robert, 154 
 
 William, 153(2), 612 
 PATTEN 
 
 Matthew, 152 
 PATTERN 
 
 Robert, 561 
 PATTERSON 
 
 (Gen.), 339, 681, 718 
 
 (Maj.) (Gen.), 339 
 
 (Miss), 150, 841 
 
 Aaron, 182 
 
 Arthur, 588 
 
 C. C, 656 
 
 family, 170 
 
 Francis, 155, 569 
 
 Frank, 341 
 
 Isaac, 609 
 
 James, 154, 161, 566, 
 578, 585 
 
 John, 245 
 
 Joseph, 186 
 
 Joshua, 161 
 
 Mary, 870 
 
 Mary E., 852 
 
 Mollie, 514, 656 
 
 N. (Capt.), 585 
 
 Obediah, 922 
 
 Robert, 146, 223, 483 
 
 Robert (Maj.), (Gen.), 336 
 
 PATTERSON continued 
 
 Samuel, 152, 579, 817 
 
 Sarah, 704 
 
 Sarah H., 922 
 
 Solomon, 154, 462 
 
 Susan, 817 
 
 Susan M., 704 
 
 Thomas, 152, 153, 134, 
 577, 585 
 
 William, 185, 609, 704 
 PATTISON 
 
 (Gov.), 635, 675 
 
 Isaac, 577 
 PATTON 
 
 (Capt.), 864 
 
 (Mrs.), 165(2) 
 
 Andrew J. , 883 
 
 Anna, 883 
 
 Elias, 214, 570, 883 
 
 Elizabeth, 572, 883 
 
 Ella H., 884 
 
 Ellen, 884 
 
 George C, 884 
 
 Isabella, 725 
 
 James, 184, 205, 574, 
 883(2), 884 
 
 James (Capt.), 883 
 
 James C, 351(2) 
 
 Jane, 884 
 
 Jane C, 883 
 
 John, 155, 340, 569, 883 
 
 Mary Ann, 883 
 
 Mathew, 236, 243, 577(2) 
 609 
 
 Mathew (Capt.), 242 
 
 Matthew, 155, 210(2), 
 416, 569, 570, 883(2) 
 
 Rebecca, 883 
 
 Rebecca M., 883, 884 
 
 Robert, 152, 577, 578, 
 883(2) 
 
 Samuel, 184, 185, 189, 
 578 
 
 Samuel (Capt.), 572 
 
 Susan, 883 
 
 8usan Ann, 884 
 
 W. F., 421, 522(2) 
 
 William, 241, 591 
 
 William F., 422 
 PETER 
 
 James, 153 
 PATTY 
 
 George 556 
 
 William, 556 
 PAUL 
 
 Nathaniel, 201, 589 
 
 Wm., 580 
 PAULING 
 
 Henry, 153 
 
 Henry, 196, 199, 216, 
 599(2), 560, 561(2) 
 PAWLING 
 
 John M. , 559 
 
 Rebecca, 559 
 
 Thos., 552 
 PAXTON 
 
 Andrew, 578 
 FAXON 
 
 David, 154 
 PAXTON 
 
 PAXTON continued 
 
 James, 578 
 
 Jams s D. , 235 
 
 Thomas, 594(2) 
 
 Thonas'E., 253 
 
 W. M. (Rev.), 544 
 
 W. W., 416 
 PAYNE 
 
 Catharine, 770 
 
 John, 870 
 
 Lydia T., 870 
 PAYNTER 
 
 Jacob, 169 
 
 James, 492 
 PEACE 
 
 James , 169 
 PEAL 
 
 Jonathan, 302 
 PEALMAN 
 
 Elizabeth, 961 
 PEARCE 
 
 N. P., 390(2) 
 
 Mary, 644 
 
 Nicholas, 224 
 PEARSLAKE 
 
 William, 241 
 PEARSON 
 
 George, 325 
 PECHTAL 
 
 Jacob, 590 
 PECK 
 
 Anna M. , 915 
 
 Jacob, 915 
 PECKMAN 
 
 Anna F., 783 
 PEDIGREW 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 PEEBLES 
 
 Harriet, 753 
 
 Robert, 223, 394, 463, 
 565, 594 
 
 Robert (Capt., 594 
 PEEL 
 
 Mary Aim, 936 
 
 Robert (Sir.), 936 
 
 Robert, 163 
 PEIFER 
 
 , 546 
 
 PETPFER 
 
 (Mr.), 675, 676 
 PEKFFER 
 
 i Doebler, 635 
 PEIFFER 
 
 Annie M. Etchberger, 676 
 
 C, 676 
 
 Elizabeth, 676 
 
 Henry, 362 
 
 J. A., 472 
 
 John, 441 
 
 John F., 343, 676 
 
 Katie, 676 
 
 Lizzie, 676 
 
 Madeline, 675 
 
 Magdalena, 676 
 
 P. H., 389, 441, 504(2), 
 635, 675, 676 
 
 P. Henry (Lieut.), 355 
 
 Philip, ^75, 676 
 
 William F., 351 
 PEIRCE 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 FEIRCE continued 
 Msnnaduke, 4^2 
 
 PEISEL 
 
 Sarah, 682 
 
 (Maj.) (Gen.), 365 
 FENN 
 
 439, 215, 723 
 
 (Gov.) I 1&5 
 
 (Mr.), 40»,.439 
 
 family, 156 
 
 John, 160, 798, 879 
 
 John (Gov.), 737 
 
 Richard, 156, 160, 879, 
 9ia 
 
 Thomas, 156, 160, 879, 
 901 
 
 William, 142, 144, 145, 
 214, 396, 399, 664, 
 734, 943 
 PENNELL 
 
 James, 239 
 PEr<NEPACKER 
 
 G. D., 549 
 PENNER 
 
 Peter, 590 
 PENNINGTOI 
 
 (Mr.), 380 
 PENNS 
 
 , 150, 159, 601, 
 
 823,961 
 PENNY 
 
 Edgar, 440 
 PENROSE 
 
 Chas. B., 231, 232, 864 
 
 William M. , 421 
 PSiSINGER 
 
 Abram, 868 
 
 Catharine, 867, 868 
 
 Christiana, 868 
 
 David, 868 
 
 Elizabeth, 868(2) 
 
 Bma, 868 
 
 G. W., 471, 482 
 
 George, 436, 868(3) 
 
 Hays, 868 
 
 Henry, 868 
 
 Ida, 868 
 
 J. T. 529 
 
 JacobI 546, 550, 551, 
 868(2) 
 
 Jacob (Sr.), 868 
 
 Jacob (Jr.), 809(2) 
 
 John, 20*, 526(2), 809 
 (3) 
 
 Jolw-F., 335, 341, 868(2) 
 
 John-T., 868 
 
 Louisa, 868 
 
 Luther, 868 
 
 Margaret, 8686 
 
 Maria, 868(2) 
 
 Mary, 809, 868(2) 
 
 Mary C, 809(2) 
 
 Nancy, 868 
 
 Rosannah, 868 
 
 Thomas, 809- 
 
 William, 809, 866(2) 
 
 William H. , 341, 352 
 PENTZ 
 
 Chas. W., 551 
 
 PENTZ continued 
 D. A., 553 
 Jacob, 249 
 FENWELL 
 
 Harriet, 775 
 Thomas , 241 
 PEOPLES 
 
 Mector, 578 
 James, 596, 606 
 "Master", 606 
 Robert, 578, 588, 
 594 
 PEPPER 
 
 Joshua, 154 
 PERCIVAL 
 
 (Br.), 290 
 FERRY 
 
 Anna, 641 
 
 Samuel, 170 
 FERY i 
 
 Samuel, 566 
 PETERS 
 
 .. „ . 142 
 
 B. P., 441 
 
 Elizabeth, 783 
 
 Richard, 151, 567, 568 
 
 Samuel B., 349 
 
 Richard, 579, 584, 591, 
 597, 610 
 
 Richard (Rev.), 584 
 PETERSON 
 
 Daniel, 182 
 
 Hance, 400 
 
 Margaret, 785 
 PEITIET 
 
 Charles, 240 
 PETTIS 
 
 Charles E., 352 
 PEITIT 
 
 J. C. (Private), 356 
 PFEIFFER 
 
 Philip, 491 
 
 Feter, 566 
 PFOUTZ 
 
 Frederick J., 225, 800 
 
 Harriet Bma, 800 
 
 John T., 351, 352 
 
 Joseph, 800 
 
 Haggle, 800 
 
 Rebecca, 800 
 
 William H., 351 
 PHEIL 
 
 Eliza, 883 
 
 J. v., 526 
 FHENICII. 
 
 Henry. C, 351, 352 
 FHENIC'IE' 
 
 S. L., 435 
 FHIEL 
 
 Abraham, 913 
 
 Adam, 913(2) 
 
 Alice, 913 
 
 Carrie M., 914 
 
 Catherine, 913(2) 
 
 Harry, 913 
 
 Hettie, 913 
 
 Jacob, 913 
 
 John, 913 , ^ 
 
 Margaret, 913(2) 
 
 Martin, 913 
 
 -89- 
 
 PHIEL continued 
 
 Mary, 13(2) 
 
 Samuel, 913 
 
 Sarah, 913 
 
 FHILIFPY 
 
 Barbara, 723 
 PHIUPS 
 
 Clayton, 440 
 John, 532(4) 
 Joshua, 608, 609 
 Martha, 606 
 Pott, 349 
 Rehaiinah, 606 
 Samuel (Rev.),. 493 
 William (Rev.), 524 
 PHILLIPS 
 
 Jacob, 223 
 FHILLIPPY 
 
 Catherine, 723(4) 
 Chrtstiah, 723(2) 
 Eliza, 723 
 Isaac, 723 
 Jacob, 723 
 James Franklin, 723 
 John G., 723 
 Jonathan, 723 
 Margaret, 723 
 Mary, 723 
 Mary Ann, 723 
 Mariam M. , 723 
 Samuel, 722, 723(3) 
 Susan, 723 
 Uriah P., 723 
 William T., 294 
 PHILIPS 
 
 (Mr.), 955 
 Clayton, 955 
 Elizabeth, 955 
 Grace, 955 
 
 Israel, 955 
 
 John, 954, 964 
 Mary, 955 
 
 Samuel, 955 
 
 Susan, 955 
 
 Thomas, 955 
 
 William, 955 
 PHILLIPS 
 
 334 
 
 Andrei 274 
 
 Catherine, 274 
 
 Evan, 153, 608 
 
 Henry, 578(2) 
 
 Isaac, 595 
 
 John, 531, 578, 955 
 
 Joseph-, 594 
 
 Joshi^ A., 225 
 
 Samuel, 240 
 
 Wendell, 324 
 
 William, 325 
 
 William (Rev.), 570 
 
 William T., 229 
 PHILLIPY 
 
 John, 239 
 FHINICE 
 
 Jacob, 520 
 PHIFPS 
 
 Joseph, 241 
 
 Nathan, 241 
 PHOENIX 
 
 H. R., 329 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 FHRANER 
 
 Samuel, 350 
 PIACEARS 
 
 Abraham, 241 
 PICKETT 
 (Mr,). 375 
 George E., 365 
 PICKING 
 
 Sarah, 699 
 PICKLE 
 
 John, 390(2) 
 Levi, 552 
 PEIRCE 
 
 (Mr.), A53 
 PIERCE 
 
 (President), 425 
 J. J., 294 
 Richard, 251 
 PIERSON 
 
 John A., 249 
 PIKE 
 
 , 550 
 
 (Hr.;, 296, 445 
 Charles, 243 
 David, 800 
 Harriet Eimiia, 800 
 PILES 
 
 William, 224 
 PILKINGTON 
 G. G., 534 
 Nancy, 230 
 S. W., 352 
 Thomas S., 230, 344 
 W. R. , 340 
 PIMBROY 
 
 James , 594 
 PINDELL 
 
 William, 153 
 PINKERTON 
 
 Andrew, 183 
 PIPER 
 
 (Capt.), 274 
 Adam, 580 
 Catherine, 754 
 Christ, 560 
 Christian, 612 
 Daniel, 751, 754 
 Daniel R., 751, 752(3) 
 David, 211, 229 
 David H., 752 
 
 Ezra, 752 
 Harmon P., 226 
 Harriet, 754 
 Henry R., 752 
 Herbert, 434 
 J., 244 
 
 James A. L., 752 
 John, 146, 560, 754 
 John A., 751(2), 752,(2) 
 John A. (Mrs.), 752 
 John H. F., 752 
 Jonathan, 752(2) 
 Louis S., 752(2) 
 Magdalena, 612 
 Margaret, 751 
 Maria, 752(2) 
 Martha B., 752 
 Martin, 752 
 Mary, 751, 754 
 Mary A., 752(2) 
 
 PIPER continued 
 
 Mary C, 752 
 
 Mary I,, 752 
 
 Peter, 245 
 
 Rebecca J., 752(2) 
 
 William, 146, 833 
 
 William S., 752(2) 
 
 Wilson, 434, 752(2) 
 
 Zephenlah A. C. 
 FISACKER 
 
 Jacob, 153 
 PISCACKERS 
 
 145 
 
 C. R. (Capt.), 389 
 Christian R., 351 
 David L., 351(2) 
 PISSAKER 
 Ab'm., 590 
 Jacob, 590 
 PITTENGER 
 
 Joanna, 552 
 PITTINOS 
 
 Leonard C, 421 
 PLASTERER 
 
 Elizabeth, 920 
 PLATENBACH 
 
 , 144 
 
 PL3nT 
 
 Anna, 676 
 
 Clarence Newton, 677 
 Edwin Montague, 677 
 F. G. (Dr.), 481 
 George F., 345, 389, 676 
 George F. (Dr.), 484 
 George Flsk, 677 
 Mary, 676 
 Mary Newell, 677 
 Newton, 676 
 FLEACHER 
 
 Fred'k., 596 
 PLEASONTON 
 
 Alfred (Maj.) (Gen.), 
 371 
 PLOUGH 
 
 (Mr.), 677(2) 
 (Mrs.), 677 
 Amanda, 787, 813 
 Bishop Irwin, 787 
 Christian, 464 
 Emma C, 787 
 Emma C. (Mrs.), 765 
 Francis K., 677 
 Hiram J., 214, 422, 
 
 677, 699 
 Jacob, 787, 813 
 John, 787 
 John Ray, 787 
 Mary, 677, 787 
 Mary B. Kimraele, 677 
 Merle D'Aublgne, 787 
 Pauline Thankful, 677 
 Peter, 677 
 PLUCHER 
 
 George, 241 
 PLUM 
 
 Samuel, 225 
 PLUMB 
 
 Samuel, 571 
 PLUMER 
 
 -90- 
 
 FLUMER continued 
 
 Alexander, 826 
 
 John, 596 
 
 Levlnia, 826 
 PLUMMER 
 
 John, 239 
 
 Thomas, 239, 463 
 FLUMSTEAD 
 
 Thomas, 156 
 
 William, 577 
 FLUMKARD 
 
 Isabella, 751 
 
 Mary, 837 
 PLUNKET 
 
 Elizabet, 822, 824, 825 
 
 William (Dr.), 824 
 PLYLY 
 
 Henry, 592 
 PGA 
 
 Thomas , 153 
 PODMAN 
 
 John, 241 
 FODSCHAVER 
 
 John, 472 
 FOE 
 
 (Mr.), 562 
 
 (Mrs.), 424 
 
 Elizabeth, 559 . 
 
 family, 901 
 
 James, 185, 199, 200, 
 203(2), 224, 393, 394, 
 (2), 559, 560 
 
 James (Capt.), 901 
 
 James (Mrs.), 901 
 
 Thomas, 151, 213, 240, 241, 
 559 
 
 Thomas (Lieut.), 901 
 FOFFENBERGES 
 
 Barbara, 884 
 
 Bros., 873 
 
 Delia, 884 
 
 George F., 884 
 
 Jacob, 884 
 
 Jacob H. , 884 
 FOHLMAN 
 
 (Dr.), 646 
 POINTS 
 
 Nalthan, 182 
 FOISAL 
 
 John 0. (Rev.), 599 
 FOLK 
 
 (Mr.), 246, 648 
 
 (President), 545 
 
 James K., 912 
 
 John, 574 
 POLLEN 
 
 Henry, 506 
 FOLLEY 
 
 Brewer D., 349 
 POLLOCK 
 
 (Gov.), 852 
 
 John, 183 
 
 Samuel, 577 
 
 William, 239 
 POLSGROVE 
 
 H. E., 340 
 POMEROY 
 
 (Judge), 489, 825(2) 
 
 (Miss.), 793, 825 
 
 (Mr.), 678 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 FOMEROY continued 
 
 (Mrs.). 
 
 A. A. (Lieut.). 567 
 
 A. N., 174. 482 
 
 A. Nevln, 259, 677 
 
 A. W., 482, 844 
 
 Albert Nevin, 677 
 
 Alexander W. , 433. 566 
 
 Andrew- A. , 567 
 
 Bros., 677 
 
 E. Belle, 677 
 
 Eleanor Jane (Mrs.), 825 
 
 Elizabeth, 834 
 
 family, 566 
 
 George, 566 
 
 J. J., 329 
 
 J. J. (Rev.), 567 
 
 J. M., 395 
 
 John, 566 
 
 John H., 259, 677 
 
 John J. (Rev.), 442 
 
 John Jay (Rev.), 489(2) 
 
 John M. , 395, 677 
 
 John M. (Maj.), 252, 256 
 355 
 
 John M. & Sons, 677 
 
 Joseph, 394, 482, 746 
 
 Joseph (Judge), 784 
 
 Joseph & Co., 256 
 
 Margaret, 566 
 
 Mary, 784 
 
 Mary C, 844 
 
 S. W. (Rev.), 371 
 
 Samuel, 566 
 
 Seth W. , 567 
 
 Stephen W., 346, 371 
 
 Thomas, 416, 566(2) 
 
 Thomas (Hon.), 567 
 POOL 
 
 George A. , 336 
 
 Jacob W. , 353 
 
 William C, 582(2) 
 POOLE 
 
 William, 350 
 POOSMAN 
 
 Catherine, 729 
 
 Daniel, 574, 575 
 
 Peter, 560 
 POPE 
 
 Henry M. , 552 
 POPER 
 
 Jacob, 244 
 
 John, 239 
 FORTES 
 
 (Gov.), 682, 683 
 
 John, 242, 560 
 
 Joseph, 566 
 
 Joseph F., 691 
 
 Ullie, 881 
 
 Maggie, 514 
 
 Mary, 594 
 
 Mary C, 691 
 
 Robert, 223 
 
 Samuel, 243 
 
 Stephen, 594 
 
 Thomas, 585(2) 
 FOSSER 
 
 Henry, 346 
 POSTERBAUGH 
 
 FOSTERBAUGH continued 
 
 George, 592 
 
 John, 592 
 POSTLEHWAITE 
 
 (Mr.), 585 
 POTT 
 
 Jacob, 351 
 
 James, 344 
 POTTER 
 
 (Miss), 901 
 
 (Sheriff), 163 
 
 Daniel, 205 
 
 Jacob, 350, 534 
 
 James (GeTi.), 901 
 
 James (Maj.) (Gen.), 423 
 
 John, 151, 153, 160(2), 
 161, 163(2), 423, 555, 
 556, 559, 590, 610 
 
 Margaret, 954 
 
 Simon, 590 
 
 Thomas, 341 
 POTTERS 
 
 (the), 571 
 POTTIER . 
 
 Sallie, 803 
 POTTS 
 
 Alexander, 580(2) 
 
 Elizabeth (Mrs.), 784 
 
 Joh, 152, 579, 580 
 604, 605, 606 
 POWDERS 
 
 David L., 226, 353, 923 
 
 John, 923 
 
 Lydia, 923 
 
 Mary, 923 
 
 Mattie E., 923 
 POWELL 
 
 B. M., 546 
 
 E. R., 253 
 
 George, 714 
 
 J. W., 435 
 
 James, 544, 714 
 
 Jane, 714 
 
 John A., 420 
 
 Margaret E., 714 
 
 'doses, 182 
 
 Naomi, 714 
 POWER 
 
 Samuel, 183 
 POWINGER 
 
 Leonard, 585 
 FOYSAL 
 
 John 0., 609 
 PRATHER 
 
 Abraham,, 560, 561 
 
 & Kreps Co., 710 
 
 Elizabeth, 68D , 724 
 
 family, 680 
 
 Henry, 559, 680 
 
 Henry P., 225, 543, 546 
 
 Rebecca, 559 
 
 S. H., 550, 552 
 
 Samuel, 440 
 
 T omas, 559, 560 
 PRATT 
 
 Thomas, 182 
 PREISLER 
 
 Geo., B. 481 
 PREMAN 
 
 Felty, 560 
 
 -91- 
 
 PRESLLER 
 
 Elizabeth, 620 
 PRESTON 
 
 (Col.), 379, 380, 381 
 PRETTYMAN 
 
 William, 492 
 PRICE 
 
 (Mr.), 752 
 
 A. E., 532, 533 
 Almira J., 753" 
 
 & Hoeflich Co., 945, 956 
 
 B. E., 532(2), 533, 535 
 Catharine, 8«9 
 Daniel, 590 
 
 Eldredge C, 924 
 
 Ellas C, 294 
 
 family, 956 
 
 Gelser & Co., 947, 954 
 
 George, 244, 956 
 
 Hannah, 752 
 
 Jacob, 590, 956 
 
 Jacob (Rev.), 535 
 
 James, 753 
 
 Jane, 753 
 
 Job A., 582 
 
 John, 531, 535, 589, 590, 
 752(2), 535, 531, 532, 540 
 592, 667, 945, 955 
 
 Josiah, 593 
 
 Lydia, 956 
 
 Martha, 753 
 
 Mary A., 753 
 
 Martha Ann, 956 
 
 Mary I., 752 
 
 Nannie R. , 738 
 
 Noah A., 753 
 
 Rachel, 752 
 
 Richard, 752 
 
 Robert, 590, 752(2) 
 
 Susan, 806, 956 
 
 Sylvester, 753 
 
 Thomas, 752 
 
 Thomas J., 753 
 
 W., 534 
 
 W. A., 534(2) 
 
 William, 752 
 
 William A., 343, 534, 753, 
 956 
 PRINCE 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 PRINCESS 
 
 Louise, 837 
 FRINGLE 
 
 (Mr.), 516 
 PRIOR 
 
 Anna A., 960 
 
 David, 960 
 PRITCHET 
 
 John, 153 
 FRITS 
 
 Adam, 590 
 
 George, 592 
 FRITTS 
 
 (Mr.), 253 
 
 Joseph, 202, 203(2), 212, 
 252, 253, 256, 325, 431, 
 463 
 
 Joseph (Esq.), 460 
 
 Mrs. Joseph (former Mrs. 
 John Sloan), 253 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 PROBST 
 
 Susan, 754 
 PROCTOR 
 
 Thomas (Gen.), 191 
 PROFFIT 
 
 D. W., 526 
 PROFFLITT 
 
 D. W., 494 
 PROFFITT 
 
 D. W. (Rev.), 570 
 PROUGH 
 
 Peter, 592 
 PRUGH 
 
 Charlotte, 876 
 
 P. C. (Rev.), 876 
 PUFFENBERGER 
 
 I. U., 435 
 PUMROY 
 
 George, 154 
 
 Joseph, 206 
 
 Thomas, 204, 205, 266, 
 566 
 
 William R. , 224 
 PURMAN 
 
 Barbara, 576 
 
 Bamhard, 576 
 
 Daniel, 575(2) 
 
 Jacob, 576 
 
 Peter, 576 
 
 Peter (Jr.), 576 
 PURVIANCE 
 
 Henrietta, 827 
 
 John, 236 
 
 Margaret, 664, 665 
 
 Mary, 499 
 
 Samuel, 455, 827 
 PUR VINES 
 
 S., 596 
 
 Samuel, 462 
 PYATT 
 
 Jacob, 152, 579 
 
 Jacob (Jr.), 152 
 PYLES 
 
 Alexander, 743 
 
 Cinderella, 743 
 PYNE 
 
 , 606 
 
 Quspir 
 
 J mes, 183 
 QUARTERS 
 
 Erasmus, 241 
 QUEEN 
 
 Anne, 144 
 
 Isabella, 439 
 
 Victoria, 837 
 QUERIN 
 
 John, 578 
 QUERRY 
 
 Charles, 580 
 QUERY 
 
 Eleanor, 821, 822, 824 
 QUIGLEY 
 
 (Rev.), 603 
 
 J. X., 549, 550 
 
 Samuel, 223 
 
 Wm., 550 
 RABER 
 
 W. B., 494, 549 
 RABUCK 
 
 Lydia, 812 
 
 RABY 
 
 James B., 422 
 
 William B., 229 
 RADEBACHS 
 
 _,, 145 
 
 RACEBAUeH 
 
 (Mr.), 678 
 
 Anna, 678 
 
 Bernard, 678 
 
 Caroline, 678 
 
 Catharine, 678(2) 
 
 J. M., 472 
 
 Jacob, 678 
 
 John, 204, 210, 239, 
 242, 445, 469, 678(2) 
 
 John M., 420 
 
 Margret, ■ 678 
 
 Mary, 639, 678(2) 
 
 Samuel, 210, 462, 678(3) 
 
 Samuel A. , 678 
 
 Samuel R. (Sr.), 678 
 RADEBAUGHS 
 
 (the), 678 
 RADER 
 
 Catherine, 698 
 RADIBUCH 
 
 George, 585 
 RADY 
 
 Patrick, 464 
 RAFFERTY 
 
 Patrick (Rev.), 496 
 RAHOUSER 
 
 (Mr.), 522, 523 
 
 Catherine, 723(2) 
 
 Daniel, 723(2) 
 
 F. (Rev.), 523 
 
 Family, 723 
 
 Frederick, 723 
 
 Frederick (Rev.), 493 
 
 George W. , 723 
 
 Gideon, 723, 724 
 
 Gideon J., 723 
 
 J. P. & Bros., 724 
 
 Jonas, 723(2) 
 
 Jonathan, 723 
 
 Jonathan (Rev.), 536, 591 
 613 
 
 Joseph P, , 723 
 
 Margaret, 723 
 
 Maud Catherine, 923 
 
 Susan A., 723 
 
 William S., 723 
 RAHOUSER 
 
 (Rev.), 549 
 RAIL 
 
 Henry, 585 
 
 Wm., 585 
 RAISOR 
 
 Christley, 585 
 RALLS 
 
 James, 183 
 RALPHENYDER 
 
 Henry, 574 
 
 John, 574 
 
 Michael, 574 
 RALSTON 
 
 (Mr.), 149 
 
 Andrew, 566 
 
 David, 146 
 RAMAGE 
 
 -92- 
 
 RAMAGE continued 
 
 Isaiah, 598 
 
 John, 597 
 
 Josiah, 154, 459 
 
 William, 152, 579(2o, 580 
 
 (the), 597 
 RAMSAY 
 
 R. W. (Dr.), 586 
 
 Samuel, 420 
 
 William. 241 
 
 Joseph E., 341 
 RAMSEY 
 
 , 606 
 
 TTSrTT, 914 
 
 A. B., 875 
 
 Adaline, 844 
 
 Adeline, 913 
 
 Benjamin, 578(2) 
 
 Betty (Mrs.), 170 
 
 Eleanor, 843, 844 
 
 Etta, 844 
 
 Jacob, 875 
 
 James, 206, 223(4), 592, 
 410 
 
 John, 274, 578, 844 
 
 John W. , 913 
 
 Mary Ann, 692 
 
 R. W., 292(8) 
 
 R. Walker, 299 
 
 Robert, 606, 843, 844 
 
 Robert W. , 203, 292 
 
 Robert W. (Dr.), 913 
 
 Samuel S., 341 
 
 Sarah Catharine, 875 
 
 Thomas, 578 
 
 William, 153, 184 
 RAND 
 
 & Laflin, 694 
 RANDALL 
 
 (Dr.), 743 
 
 John, 244 
 RANDALLS 
 
 John, 160 
 RANDLES 
 
 James, 580, 594 
 RANDLES 
 
 Vfa., 594 
 RANDOLPH 
 
 Edma d, 409 
 
 John, 155 
 RANFEW 
 
 John, 574 
 RANK 
 
 Margaret (Mrs.), 784 
 RANKIN 
 
 Dr., 924 
 
 Mrs.), 550, 869(2) 
 
 Squire, 725 
 
 A. B, 244 
 
 A. N.| 259, 335, 551 
 
 Abbey, 919 
 
 Adam, 241 
 
 Adam (Dr.), 561 
 
 Andrew B., 712, 725 
 
 Andrew N., 266, 420, 712 
 
 Ann B., 712 
 
 Annie, 869 
 
 Archibald, 202, 204, 393 
 
 Archie, 868 
 
 Clark, 686, 869 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 RANKIN continued 
 
 David, 204, 206, 868 
 E. D. (Dr.), 291 
 Edmond D., 712 
 Elizabeth, 868, 870 
 Elizabeth A., 712(2) 
 Elizabeth H., 869 
 Elizabeth W., 869 
 Elizabeth Watson, 869 
 Esther, 868 (2> 
 Esther R., 878 
 J. P., 480 
 James, 155, 569, 840, 
 
 868 
 James (Jr.), 592 
 James (Sr.), 592 
 James M. , 224 
 Jeremiah, 592, 868, 869 
 Jeremiah C, 868 
 John, 712 
 John W., 868 
 Margaret, 712, 725, 840 
 Margaret J., 712 
 Margaret Jane, 725 
 Maria, 868 
 Maria L., 869 
 Martha, 712 
 Mary, 712, 868 
 Mary J., 868, 869 
 Nancy, 868, 879 
 Nathaniel, 223 
 Rebecca V., 868 
 S. Johnston, 868(2), 869 
 
 (2) 
 S. Johnston (Mrs.), 869 
 William, 153, 154, 161, 
 204, 243, 560(2), 592, 
 610, 712 
 WillBii (Dr.), 919 
 William R., 123, 420 
 RANLEY 
 
 John, 941 
 Susan, 941 
 RANNELL 
 John, 182 
 John (Jr.), 182 
 RANNELLS 
 
 John, 193, 196, 402 
 John (Esq.), 594 
 William, 193 
 RANNELS 
 
 John, 200, 574 
 William, 578 
 BMSHAW 
 
 Saran, 924 
 RANSON 
 
 Ann, 856 
 RASBROUGH 
 Charles, 182 
 John, 182 
 RAIHFON 
 
 Barbara, 828 
 Catherine, 828 
 John, 828 
 RATTS 
 
 Peter, 566 
 RADCH 
 
 (Dr.), 512 
 Catherine, 723(2) 
 Frederick A. (Dr.), 510 
 
 RAUCH 
 
 Frederick A. (Rev.), 511 
 ROUGH 
 
 Frederick Augustus, 426 
 RAUHAUSER 
 
 Jonathan (Rev.), 521 
 RAUM 
 
 (Miss), 770 
 RAUMSAUHER 
 
 Michael, 153 
 RAY 
 
 Henry, 249 
 James , 185 
 John, 199 
 Robert, 244 
 Sam'l. (Sr.), 585 
 Hm., 585 
 RAYNOLDS 
 
 John (Esq.), 596 
 REA 
 
 Andrew, 242 
 James, 560, 578, 580 
 James D. , 224 
 John, 185, 189, 200, 
 202, 206, 392, 393, 
 394, 585, 588, 585, 
 Saml.; 585, 588(2), 770 
 READ 
 
 Nelson (Rev.), 581 
 REAFSNIDER 
 
 Henry, 249 
 REAM 
 
 Abram, 868 
 Adam, 241 
 Mary (Mrs.), 715 
 REAMER 
 
 J. F., 967 
 Jacob F., 353 
 May, 967 
 REANY 
 
 Wm., 560- 
 REARICK 
 
 J. W., 486 
 John, 229 
 REARIGH 
 
 John, 229 
 REASNER 
 
 John D., 349 
 REASOR 
 
 Abm., 585 
 REATH 
 
 William, 350 
 REAVER 
 
 Frederick, 592 
 «EtX 
 
 ■ (Ben.), 769 
 REBAUGH 
 
 J. (Rev.), 524 
 
 John (Rev.), 523, 549, 
 
 563, 570 
 Theo., 570 
 REBER 
 
 William, 203 
 REBOCH 
 
 Elizabeth (Mrs.), 925 
 J. (Rev.), 613 
 REBUCR 
 
 Abraham, 828 
 Barbara, 828(2), 829 
 Barbara A., 828 
 
 -93- 
 
 REBUCK continued 
 Barbara Ann, 821 
 Daniel, 828(2), 830, 831 
 David, 829 
 Eve, 828 
 
 Hannah, 828, 830, 831 
 Henry, 828(2), 829 
 Henry C, , 829 
 Jacob, 828 
 John, 828(2) 
 John L., 828(2), 829 
 Mary J., 828, 829, 230 
 Nancy, 828 
 Peter, 828(2) 
 Samuel, 828 
 RECK 
 
 John, 535 
 John (Rev.), 546 
 RECKER 
 
 Sarah, 908 
 REDETT 
 
 (Capt.), 768 
 Catharine, 768 ^ 
 REDDIG 
 
 Christian, 941 
 Kate, 941 
 REDDIN 
 
 Dennis, 580 
 REED 
 
 (Judge), 414 
 
 (Mr.), 678 
 
 (Widow), 592 
 
 A. E. (Miss), 678 
 
 Almira E., 808 
 
 Andrew, 544, 560 
 
 Anna, 869 
 
 Archibald, 596 
 
 Barbara, 723, 753, 807 
 
 Barbara M. , 808 
 
 Benjamin, 743 
 
 Casper, 807 
 
 Catharine, 869 
 
 Catherine, 678, 808, 869 
 
 Charlotte (Mrs.), 486 
 
 Charlotte S., 649, 678 
 
 Christian W. 869 
 
 David, 762 
 
 Elisha D., 340 
 
 Eliza, 859 
 
 Elizabeth, 762, 772, 808, 
 
 835 
 Elvira, 920 
 Emaline, 808 
 Dnanuel T., 351, 353 
 ' Evaline, 753 
 Fred'k., 596 
 George, 753, 807, 869 
 George (Mrs.), 869 
 George W., 808 
 Giles, 566 
 H. L., 484, 485 
 Hannah, 797, 814, 904 
 Harriet, 668 
 Henry L., 486 
 Howard C. , 808 
 Hugh, 596 
 Jacob, 512, 590 
 James, 154, 525, 585,-592 
 James (Jr.), 154. 
 James (Sr.), 154 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 REED continued 
 
 James, 134, 525, 585, 
 
 592 
 James (Jr.), 154 
 James (Sr.), 154 
 James E., 308 
 Jennie, 808 
 John, 212, 236, 244, 
 416, 469, 576, 585, 
 596, 869(4) 
 John (Mrs.), 869 
 John H. (Capt.), 345 
 Joseph, 242, 566, 921 
 Joseph (Hon.), 409 
 Lillian, 808 
 Margaret J., 808 
 Mary, 648, 678, 869(4) 
 Michael, 678, 831, 835 
 Morrow Mc., 808 
 R., 808 
 Reuben, 808 
 Robert, 154 
 Sadie, 743 
 Samuel, 585, 869 
 Sarah, 869(2) 
 Thomas, 182, 566 
 W. G., 325, 441 
 William, 154, 241, 346, 
 
 585, 869(4) 
 William A., 808 
 Va. B., 482(2) 
 Wm. G., 329, 442, 453 
 William M., 649, 678 
 William S., 205, 404 
 REES 
 
 David, 155 
 Davis, 569 
 REESE 
 
 Adam, 818 
 Elwood B., 341 
 John, 340 
 
 John K. (Lieut.), 354 
 Philip R., 492 
 lliomas, 492 
 RESSQIEN 
 
 William, 241 
 RESSIOE , 
 
 James Col.), 864 
 REGAN 
 
 Basil, 182 
 REGES 
 
 (Capt.), 236 
 
 Henry, 203, 205, 212 
 
 462, 465, 470 
 Henry (Capt.), 239 
 John W., 202, 212(2), 
 
 325, 420 
 Philip, 242 
 REICHARO 
 
 Barnard, 576 
 Jacib, 603 
 REICHARDS 
 
 (the), 575 
 REICHERT 
 
 Jacob, 242 
 REID 
 
 (Mr.), 679 
 Alexander, 182 
 & McCly, 679 
 Annie, 486, 679 
 
 REID 
 
 E. D., 390(2), 484 
 
 Elihu D., 678 
 
 Elishu D. (Capt.), 355 
 
 Elizabeth A., (Mrs.), 486 
 
 Elizabeth A. Culbertson 
 679 
 
 Helen M. , 679 
 
 James, 492, 566 
 
 James (Rev.), 601 
 
 John W. P. , 346 
 
 Samuel D. C, 390 
 
 Win. A., 351 
 REIDENOWER 
 
 Elizabeth, 821 
 
 Barbara, 884 
 REIFSNIDER 
 
 Jeremiah, 353 
 
 William, 346 
 REIFSNYDER 
 
 Francis, 293 
 REILLY 
 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 & Sharpe, 885 
 
 Dennis, 344 
 
 Fanny B. (Mrs.), 599 
 
 John, 239 
 
 Margaret, 966(2) 
 
 Tobias, 492 
 
 Wilson, 213, 325(2), 390 
 (2), 392, 420, 476, 479 
 966 
 
 Wilson H., 351, 352 
 REINEHAN 
 
 Augustus , 389 
 REXNIGER 
 
 J. R., 534 
 REISHER 
 
 Benjamin, 808 
 
 Daniel (Sr.), 462 
 
 Daniel H., 808 
 
 Daniel S., 808 
 
 Ella, 808 
 
 George, 808 
 
 Mary E., 808 
 
 Minnie G., 808 
 
 Nancy, 808 
 
 Nancy A. 808 
 
 Samuel, 323 
 
 Samuel S., 209, 808 
 
 Sarah, 808 
 
 William S., 808 
 REISCHERS 
 
 , 145 
 
 R £I5MER 
 
 (Mrs.), 529, 530 
 REITER 
 
 family, 753 
 REITZELL 
 
 Henry L. , 342 
 REIZ 
 
 S., 491 
 REMER 
 
 Peter, 560 
 
 Stephen R. (Rev.), 563 
 REMLEY 
 
 Henry, 246 
 RENCE 
 
 Rebecca, 196 
 RENCH 
 
 -94- 
 
 RENCH continued 
 
 (Miss), 850 
 
 Alice J., 721 
 
 Andrew, 721 
 
 John, 592 
 
 Joseph, 592 
 RENCK 
 
 Mn., 482 
 RENFREW 
 
 Augusta, 788 
 
 Charlotte E., 776 
 
 Clara B., 788 
 
 Clarence H., 788 
 
 David L., 768, 788 
 
 Edna, 788 
 
 Qma v., 788 
 
 Flora, 788 
 
 H. J., 776 
 
 Hannah, 788 
 
 Ida A., 768, 788 
 
 Jane, 174, 776 
 
 Jessie, 788 
 
 John, 600, 770 
 
 John A., 788 
 
 Laura M, , 788 
 
 Margaret Ann, 770 
 
 Mary E., 788 
 
 Robert A., 787 
 
 Robert M, , 788(2) 
 
 Samuel 787 
 
 Sardi, 174, 769 
 
 Sarah R., 788 
 
 W. A. M., 342 
 RENISTON 
 
 John, 182 
 RENNER 
 
 Isaac (Rev.), 535 
 RENNEX 
 
 Esther, 588 
 RENNIKER 
 
 Franklin, 349 
 RENNOX 
 
 Alex., 597 
 RENWICK 
 
 Samuel, 573 
 RESCOEL 
 
 (Rev.), 540 
 RESH 
 
 Barbara, 887 
 
 Christian, 887 
 
 Susan, 887 
 RESIDE 
 
 Carrie V., 486 
 
 J. B., 484, 485, 486 
 
 James A., 331, 484, 485, 
 486(2) 
 
 John L., 441, 482(2) 
 
 Mary M. (Mrs.), 486 
 RESSOR 
 
 (Mr.), 945 
 REX 
 
 Jeremiah B., 422 
 REYBUCK 
 
 (Mrs.), 817 
 REYMER 
 
 M. D., 260 
 
 Michael D. (Lieut.), 355 
 RESSER 
 
 J. B., 534(2) 
 
 Jacob B. , 946 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 RESSER continued 
 
 Mary Catharine, 946 
 
 T. R., 536 
 RETTER 
 
 William, 249 
 REUDENAUER 
 
 Martin, 521 
 
 Susana, 521 
 REYNOLDS 
 
 (Gen.), 577 
 
 Benjamin, 394, 921 
 
 Caleb, 492, 609 
 
 Elizabeth, 824 
 
 George, 151, 154, 559 
 
 Hannah, 822, 826 
 
 Hugh W., 213, 420 
 
 James, 565, 594, 505 
 
 James M., 420 
 
 John, 152, 153, 169, 
 302, 555(2), 594, 595 
 
 John F. (Gen.), 354 
 
 John F. (Maj.) (Gen.), 371 
 
 Joseph, 556 
 
 Mary, 918 
 
 Ruth, 559 
 
 Samuel, 152, 163, 565, 
 594 
 
 T. C, 440 
 
 William, 169, 184, 229, 
 243, 419, 557 
 RHEA 
 
 Archibald R. , 345 
 
 Geo. A., 534 
 
 J. L., 266 
 
 John, 293 
 
 John (Gen.), 822 
 
 John (Mrs.), 822 
 
 S. M., 435 
 
 Sam'l., 597 
 
 Samuel (Mrs.), 610 
 RHENAR 
 
 Adam, 512 
 BHINEHARI 
 
 Jacob, 494 
 RHOADASMES 
 
 Jere, 266 
 BHOADES 
 
 Margery, 832 
 
 Mathlas, 832 
 RDADES 
 
 Sarah, 832 
 RHOADS 
 
 Adam G., 870 
 
 D. Clemson, 870 
 
 David Z., 870 
 
 Elizabeth, 870 
 
 Elizabeth E. , 870 
 
 Fanny G. , 870 
 
 Frances J., 870 
 
 George, 870 
 
 George W., 870 
 
 Hanford, 870 
 
 Hetty, 870 
 
 Jacob R., 870 
 
 James, 870 
 
 Jane, 869 
 
 John, 870 
 
 John A., 869 
 
 John R., 870 
 
 Mary, 870 
 
 RHOADS continued 
 
 Mary J., 870 
 
 T. J. B. (Dr.), 888 
 
 William, 869 
 
 William H., 870 
 RHODARMER 
 
 Martha, 885 
 RHODE 
 
 Maria, 791 
 RHODES 
 
 B., 525 
 
 Benjamin, 389 
 
 Charles E., 552 
 
 Christian, 800 
 
 D. C, 800 
 
 D. Frank, 801 
 
 E. W., 552 
 Fanny, 703 
 Franklin, 343 
 
 G. M. (Rev.), 595 
 
 H. Edgar, 801 
 
 Hannah, 790 
 
 Hattie, 926 
 
 Henry, 790 
 
 J. P., 421 
 
 John H., 351 
 
 Joseph F., 340 
 
 Martha, 800 
 
 Mary, 652 
 
 W. L., 552 
 RHONE 
 
 Catherine, 831, 832 
 
 Jacob, 744 
 
 John, 831, 832 
 
 Magdelena, 831 
 RIBLEIS 
 
 Christiana, 492 
 RICE 
 
 (Mr.), 514, 658, 679 
 
 Amos P., 694 
 
 & DeHaven & Co . , 658 
 
 Andrew, 828 
 
 Charles, 539 
 
 Eliza, 679 
 
 Elizabeth, 226 
 
 Ella V. Snyder, 694 
 
 George W. , 679 
 
 M. L. (Rev.), 453 
 
 Henry D. (Rev.), 493 
 
 John, 679 
 
 M. F. B., 509 
 
 Mary J., 679 
 
 Perry A., 360, 420 
 
 Rebecca, 679 
 
 Roger, 244 
 
 Samuel J., 679 
 
 W. M., 441 
 
 William M. , 435 
 RICHARD 
 
 (Mr.), 514 
 
 J. Fraise, 285, 376, 381 
 
 John Davis, 591 
 RICHARDS 
 
 (Dr.), 283, 790, 962 
 
 (Judge), 564(2) 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 A. A. (Prof.), 583 
 
 & Montgomery, 716 
 
 J. C, 212(2), 291(2), 
 431 
 
 -95- 
 
 RICHARDS continued 
 
 J. C. (Dr.), 291(2)', 390(2) 
 720, 961 
 - Jarrett T., 421 
 
 John C, 291(2) 
 
 John C. (Dr.), 454, 836, 961 
 
 John Curtis (Dr.), 283, 670 
 
 Mary, , 720 
 
 Thos., 306 
 
 William, 182 
 RICHERT 
 
 Daniel, 717 
 RICHARDSON 
 
 (Rev.), 540, 595 
 
 Adam, 590 
 
 D. K. (Rev.), 544 
 
 Flo., 541 
 
 Wm., 578, 596 
 RICHERT 
 
 Elizabeth, 717 
 
 Maiia, 717 
 RICHEY 
 
 David F., 224 
 
 James, 561 
 
 John, 585 
 
 Robert, 610 
 
 Seth, 181, 182 
 
 Thos., 561 
 
 William, 224, 243 
 RICHISON 
 
 Wm. , 596 
 RICHMOND 
 
 I. S. (Rev.), 499 
 RICHTER 
 
 J. D., 472(2) 
 RICKMAN 
 
 Elizabeth, 766 
 RICKETTS 
 
 W. Wallace (Col.), 339 
 RIDDLE 
 
 (Judge), 463 
 
 (Mr.), 626 
 
 (Rev.), 174 
 
 Arlanna S. , 556 
 
 David, 179 
 
 David, 194, 583 
 
 Eliza, 499 
 
 George, 353 
 
 James, 255, 329(2), 404, 
 406, 411, 415, 419, 420, 
 463, 470, 501, 596 
 
 James D., 243 
 
 John, 191, 203, 452, 501 
 
 John S., 413, 420 
 
 John Stuart, 556 
 Joshua, 194 
 
 Samuel, 411, 419(2), 462, 
 501 
 RIDDLESBARGER 
 
 John, 614 
 RIDDLESBERGER 
 
 John, 185 
 RIDER 
 
 Adam, 872 
 
 David E., 440 
 RIDGLEY 
 
 Richard, 346 
 RIDLESBERGER 
 
 John, 590 
 RIED 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 RIED continued 
 
 William, 174 
 RIESNER 
 
 (Mr.), 869 
 
 John, 668 
 RIFE 
 
 Abram, 481 
 
 Charlotte R., 815 
 
 David J., 815 
 
 Edgar Brallier, 815 
 
 Elizabeth, 810 
 
 Frederick, 346, 435 
 
 Frederick K., 342 
 
 Henry H., 789 
 
 John, 810 
 RIFFLE 
 
 John W. , 352 
 
 Lydia Ann (Mrs.), 774 
 
 Mary, 787 
 
 Mary A., 789 
 RIGDON 
 
 Sidney, 563, 564(2) 
 RIGLEK 
 
 Stephen, 239, 243, 456, 
 462, 596(2) 
 RIHL 
 
 (Corp.), 704 
 
 (Mr.), 726 
 
 William M., 553 
 
 William H. (Corp.), 366 
 553, 554 
 RILEY 
 
 (Mr.), 154 
 
 Barnabas, 892 
 
 Charles T., 892 
 
 Cora M. , 892 
 
 Earl, 892 
 
 Horace, 892 
 
 Irene A., 892 
 
 Isaac T., 892 
 
 Malinda, 892 
 
 Mary, 892 
 
 Oscar S., 892 
 
 Thaddeus S., 336 
 
 Willia S., 892 
 RINCH 
 
 John, 560 
 RINE 
 
 George, 762 
 
 Hannah, 762 
 RINEHART 
 
 Archie, 957 
 
 C. S. Mrs., 957 
 
 Catharine, 955 
 
 Catherine, 957(2), 959 
 
 Daniel, 956 
 
 Daniel D., 957 
 
 Elizabeth, 957 
 
 Elmer, 957 
 
 Hannah, 788 
 
 Harvey B., 957 
 
 Henry, 956, 957(2) 
 
 Ira G., 957 
 
 John, 956 
 
 Katie May, 957 
 
 Leslie S., 957 
 
 Lewis, 956 
 
 Lewis M. , 788 
 
 Lizzie, 957 
 
 Mary, 956 
 
 RINEHART 
 
 Rohrer, 957 
 
 S. B., 532(2), 956, 957, 
 964 
 
 Samuel, 956, 957(2), 959 
 
 Samuel B., 956 
 
 Susan, 956 
 
 Vard, 957 
 RINGER 
 
 (Mr.), 564 
 
 Mathias, 153(2), 589 
 
 Matthias, 589 
 RINGERS 
 
 . 145 
 RiPLEY 
 
 William, 562 
 RIPPEY 
 
 Hugh. 149(2) 
 
 Hugh(Mr.), 149 
 
 Isabel, 149 
 
 John, 149(2), 162 
 
 John (Capt.), 182 
 
 Mary, 149 
 
 Samuel, 149, 594(2) 
 
 William, 565, 594(2) 
 
 William (Jt.), 204 
 
 William (Capt.), 181 
 RIPPIT 
 
 John, 154, 584 
 RIPPIE 
 
 Samuel, 154 
 RIPPLE 
 
 & Sheeler Co., 734 
 
 Edward, 605 
 
 J. M. (Dr.), 541, 771 
 
 John M., 293 
 
 John M. (Dr.), 534(3) 
 
 Lewis, 230 
 
 Lodwick, 580 
 
 Maggis, 771 
 
 Matilda, 953 
 RISHEL 
 
 C. D. (Rev.), 499 
 RISSER 
 
 (Miss), 813 
 
 Abraham, 651 
 
 Elizabeth, 651 
 RISSESS 
 
 (the), 315 
 RITCHEY 
 
 (Maj.), 353 
 
 (Miss), 530 
 
 Atchison, 514, 526 
 
 John L. (Mai.), 346, 353 
 
 Margaret, 725 
 RlTHOUR 
 
 William C, 340 
 RITNER 
 
 (Gov.), 832, 852 
 
 Rachel, 832(2) 
 RITTER 
 
 Abraham D . , 342 
 
 Abram, 604 
 
 Jacob, 494 
 
 John, 241 
 
 John G., 342, 346 
 
 Mary E., 893 
 
 Samuel, 350 
 
 Sarah, 786 
 
 Tobias, 786 
 
 -96- 
 
 ROAL 
 
 Jchn, 153 
 ROAN 
 
 Rphilip, 241 
 ROASS 
 
 John, 153 
 ROATCH 
 
 John, 185 
 ROBB 
 
 Samuel, 568 
 ROBB INS 
 
 William C, 493 
 ROBENSON 
 
 Daniel F., 265 
 ROBERSON 
 
 (Capt.), 847 
 
 Abraham, 244 
 ROBERTS 
 
 James, 560 
 
 R. R., 492 
 
 William L., 601 
 
 William Hilner, 231 
 ROBERTSON 
 
 Alexander, 155, 569 
 
 Andrew, 241 
 
 Anna J., 788 
 
 Anna M, , 720, 788 
 
 B. H., 365 
 
 Bamet, 162 
 
 Bruce A., 789 
 
 Catherine, 788 
 
 Ed. M., 788 
 
 Eliza, 720, 788 
 
 George, 342, 509 
 
 Jame?, 169(2), 592 
 
 James C, 788 
 
 John, 720, 788 
 
 John B., 789 
 
 John W., 788 
 
 Mary, 717 
 
 Mary E,, 788, 789 
 
 Ralph M. , 789 
 
 Samuel N., 788 
 
 Samuel Norton, 788 
 
 William, 583, 788 
 
 Wm. (Mrs.), 788 
 
 William H., 788 
 ROBESON 
 
 Andrew, 203, 394(2) 
 
 Robert, 182 
 ROBINSON 
 
 (^fiss), 742 
 
 Ann B. Rankin, 712 
 
 AnnaM. (Mrs.), 483 
 ROBISON 
 
 David F., 324, 392, 420, 
 712 
 ROBINSON 
 
 E., 259, 564 
 
 Francis, 561, 578 
 
 George, 346 
 
 Humphrey, 420 
 
 J., 597 
 
 James, 209, 210, 561 
 
 John, 183, 185, 239 
 
 John A., 421 
 
 John J., 350 
 RECK 
 
 Joseph, 346 
 ROBINSON 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 ROBINSON continued 
 M. F. (Hi.), 712 
 Margaret, 545, 707 
 Martha, 712 
 Mary, 561 
 
 S. M., 259 
 T. H. (Rev.). 504 
 W. U., 583 
 wmiam, 476, 479 
 ROBISON 
 
 Alexander, 585 
 
 Andrew, 206, 555, 560 
 
 John, 242, 421, 585 
 Margaret, 706 
 
 Martha M. , 706 
 
 Robert, 206, 706(2) 
 
 William, 249, 585 
 ROBSON 
 
 Andrew (Capt.)> 244 
 ROBSTON 
 
 David, 243 
 ROCK 
 
 Frederick, 590 
 
 George, 590 
 
 Henry, 590, 613 
 
 John, 590 
 ROD 
 
 Jacob, 464 
 RODDY 
 
 James, 560, 592 
 
 Joseph, 153 
 RODEMAN 
 
 John, 560 
 RODES 
 
 (Mr.), 361, 365, 366, 
 369 
 
 Benjamin, 335 
 
 Benjamin Rodes, 342 
 
 R. F.., 365 
 RODGER 
 
 John, 445 
 RODGERS 
 
 John, 510, 560 
 RODMAN 
 
 John, 544 
 RODNECK 
 
 D. C. (Rev.), 606 
 
 W. D. C. (Rev.), 576 
 
 William J. C, 603 
 RODY 
 
 (Mr.), 555 
 
 James, 151, 555 
 ROEMER 
 
 (Count), 876 
 
 Adam, 243 
 
 Anna Mary, 876 
 
 Frederick, 225, 462, 464 
 (2), 599 
 ROGERS 
 
 John, 18 2i 244 
 
 Patrick, 182 
 
 Robert, 584 
 
 Thomas, 179 
 ROHAN 
 
 Maggie, 783 
 
 William, 783 
 ROHARTY 
 
 Borthal, 182 
 ROHER 
 
 Joseph E., 954 
 
 ROHER 
 
 Susan, 954 
 ROHM 
 
 John G . , 340 
 ROHRER 
 
 Catherine, 789 
 
 Elizabeth A. , 789 
 
 Jacob, 789 
 
 Jacob A. , 789 
 
 John, 598, 789(2) 
 
 Joseph, 440 
 
 Joseph F. (Rev.), 535, 
 957 
 
 Lizzie, 957 
 
 Mary A., 789 
 
 Sarepta, 789 
 ROLAR 
 
 Isabella, 741 
 
 Jacob , 741 
 
 Mary C, 741 
 ROLLAND 
 
 Ralph (Maj.), 465 
 ROLLER 
 
 Mary, 767 
 RONEY 
 
 Moses, 601 
 ROOK 
 
 George, 752 
 
 Jos. S., 525 
 
 Mary, 752 
 ROOSMAN 
 
 A. C, 223 
 ROOT 
 
 Elizabeth, 781 
 
 Jacob, 781 
 
 Magdalena, 773 
 ROREBAUGH 
 
 Samuel A. , 459 
 ROSE 
 
 (Col.), 900 
 ROSENBERGER 
 
 (Mr.), 680 
 
 Elizabeth, 679 
 
 Henry, 679 
 
 Lydia, 679 
 
 Lydia C, 680 
 
 Margaret Anna, 680 
 
 Samuel, 679 
 ROSENBERRY 
 
 (Mr.), 753 
 
 Abram, 185, 606 
 
 Alvin M., 753 
 
 Anna, 912 
 
 Anna M. , 753 
 
 Benjamin, 753 
 
 Benjamin B. 753 
 
 Evaline, 753 
 
 George H., 753 
 
 Harriet, 753 
 
 K. P., 753 
 
 Rush Mc, 753 
 
 Washington W. , 753 
 ROSENBLATT 
 
 Rosa, 968 
 
 Salomon, 968 
 ROSENBURG 
 
 Henry (Dr.), 895 
 
 Matilda, 895 
 ROSENBURY 
 
 Emaline, 808 
 
 -97- 
 
 ROSENBURY continued 
 
 K. P., 808 
 ROSENFELD 
 
 Wolford, 551 
 ROSMAN 
 
 (Mr.), 680 
 
 (Mrs.), 680 
 
 Barbara, 680 
 
 Daniel, 680 
 
 Elizabeth, 680 
 
 George W. , 680 
 
 Henry, 680 
 
 Peter, 680 
 
 William, 680 
 ROSS 
 
 (Lord), 737 
 
 (Mr.), 405, 501 
 
 (widow), 594 
 
 A. J. (Rev.), 745 
 
 Adam, 150, 575, 798 
 
 Adam (Mrs.), 798 
 
 Alice, 745 
 
 Catherine, 815 
 
 Charles B., 419 
 
 Elizabeth, 499 
 
 George, 155, 419 
 
 J. B. (Mr.), 499 
 
 James, 153, 404, 405, 
 
 500, 501, 579, 592, 625, 
 626 
 
 James B., 329, 499 
 
 James S., 214, 420 
 
 Jane, 150, 798 
 
 Joseph A., 582 
 
 Joseph A. (Rev.), 739 
 
 Lizzie, 739 
 
 Samuel, 574 
 
 William, 419, 574 
 ROSSELAS 
 
 Wm. , 587 
 ROSSMAN 
 
 A. C, 482(3), 534 
 
 Peter, 351 
 ROTH 
 
 Abraham (Mishop), 881 
 
 Barbara, 789 
 
 G., 491 
 
 Geotge, 352 
 
 George (Rev.), 570 
 
 Gilmore G., 789 
 
 Harry M. , 789 
 
 Henry, 789 
 
 Henry, 789 
 
 John (Rev.), 520 
 
 Jonas, 789 
 
 Mary A., 789 
 
 Samuel S., 789(2) 
 
 Sarah, 789 
 
 Sarah A., 789 
 
 Theresa F., 789 
 ROTHBAUST 
 
 John, 204 
 ROTHBOUST 
 
 John, 463 
 ROTHROCK 
 
 Elizabeth, 617 
 ROTZ 
 
 Catherine, 917 
 ROUSH 
 
 J. Levi, 340 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 ROUZER 
 
 Carrie, 958 
 Charles, 958 
 Charles A., 226 
 Clara, 958 
 Emma, 958 
 James, 341 
 Katie, 958 
 Martin, 957 
 Mary J., 957 
 Peter, 590 
 Rosa, 958 
 Rosanna, 597 
 ROW 
 
 Barbara A., 900 
 Christopher, 183 
 Jeremiah, 341 
 John, 341 
 ROWAN 
 
 Florence, 635 
 Joseph, 492 
 ROWE 
 
 (Judge), 195, 416, 419, 
 
 682, 719 
 (Lieut.) (Col.), 681 
 ROW 
 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 (Mrs.), 624 
 
 Anna Mary, 728 
 
 Annie, 681 
 
 D. W., 335, 481 
 
 D. Watson, 335, 419, 421 
 
 D. Watson (Hon.), 416, 
 
 546 
 D. Watson (Judge), 675 
 David Watson, 344, 346, 
 
 680 
 Elizabeth, 680, 724 
 Giomore, 346 
 John, 395(2), 546, 680(2). 
 
 724 
 John (Hon.), 728 
 John (Maj.), 724 
 John (Sr.), 244 
 John Gilmore, 346 
 Mary, 680, 724 
 ROWLEY 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 ROMLS 
 
 Catherine, 752 
 Hannah, 752 
 John, 752 
 Nancy, 752 
 ROWS 
 
 P., 599 
 ROYER 
 
 (Miss), 715 
 Catherine, 687, 712, 
 
 716, 893 
 Christian, 712 
 Daniel, 203, 394, 530, 
 
 590 
 Daniel F., 293 
 David, 350(2) 
 Enma, 567, 887 
 George, 612, 716 
 J. A. (Dr.), 887 
 Jacob, 867 
 John, 204 
 John (Rev.), 535 
 
 ROYER 
 
 Samuel, 185, 193, 200, 
 
 590 
 Samuel (Sr.), 531 
 Susan, 945, 946 
 ROZEL 
 
 Samuel, 609 
 RUBY 
 
 (Judge), 682(2) 
 (Mr.), 253, 225, 462, 
 
 682 
 (Mrs.), 682 
 Anna Mary, 682, 699 
 C. D., 682 
 Casper, 682 
 Cyrus B., 226 
 Elouisa, 682 
 G. W. (Prof.), 876 
 Hannah Mary (Mrs.), 876 
 Henry, 202, 212, 226, 256, 
 
 416,(2), 699 
 Henry (Hon., 255, 259, 
 
 461 
 Hinry (Judge), 251, 253 
 
 682 
 Henry R., 682 
 Rebecca, 682 
 Sarah, 682 
 Wolfkill & Co., 699 
 RUDISIL 
 
 John, 210 
 RUDISILL 
 
 Catharine, 660 
 RUDISSELL 
 
 Alice, 953 
 RUELY 
 
 Mary Masters, 582 
 RUBAMAH 
 
 (Miss.), 272 
 RULE 
 
 John, 560 
 William, 561 
 ROMBLE 
 
 George, 560 
 RUMMEL 
 
 Lewis, 249 
 RUMROY 
 
 Thomas, 229 
 RUNEY 
 
 Peter, 182 
 RUNION 
 
 Charles, 241 
 RUNK 
 
 John, 740 
 Mary, 740 
 RUNNION 
 
 Richard, 239 
 RUNY 
 
 Darby, 585 
 RUNYAN 
 
 J. M. (Rev.), 613 
 RUPERT 
 
 Maggie, 711 
 RUPLEY 
 
 George G., 360 
 Simon W. , 346 
 RUPP 
 
 (Mr.), 144 
 Isaac R., 352 
 RUSH 
 
 RUSH continued 
 
 (Dr.), 140 
 
 (Mr.), 193 
 
 Benjamin (Dr.), 282 
 
 Jacob, 193, 592 
 
 John, 561, 592 
 
 Robert, 170 
 RUSSEL 
 
 David, 578 
 
 James , 578 
 RUSSELL 
 
 Andrew, 585 
 
 Catharine, 934 
 
 Christian, 934 
 
 D. B., 536 
 
 David B., 621 
 
 George B. (Rev.), 934 
 
 J. B., 534 
 
 J. M., 205 
 
 James, 185 
 
 James M., 419 
 
 James M. (Hon.), 415 
 
 Joseph, 578(2) 
 
 Maria, 621 
 
 Uilllam, 609 
 
 Watson (Rev.), 607 
 RUTH 
 
 Edward, 242 
 
 Eliza J. (Mrs.), 791 
 RUTHRAUF 
 
 C. H., 546 
 RUTHKAUFF 
 
 (Mr.), 725 
 
 Ann M., 745 
 
 Bel., 552 
 
 C. H., 434, 435, 552(2) 
 
 Charles, 552, 710 
 RUGHRAUFF 
 
 Christiana, 868 
 
 David, 724 
 
 Elizabeth, 725 
 
 Ellen, 710 
 
 Florence, 725 
 
 Frederick, 724 
 
 George, 724 
 
 H., 236 
 
 Henry, 724 
 
 Isabella, 725 
 
 J. R., 550(2), 551 
 
 John, 313, 265, 266(2), 546 
 712, 724, 725 
 
 John (Rev.), 489, 519, 521, 
 535, 536, 546, 576, 611, 
 724 
 
 John R., 422, 552, 725 
 Jonathan, 724 
 
 M. J., 552 
 
 Margaret, 725 
 
 Margaret J., 712 
 
 Margaret Jane, 725 
 
 Maria, 724 
 
 Mary B., 725 
 Samuel, 243, 549, 724(2) 
 Samuel (Rev.), 611 
 Sarah, 725 
 W, R., 552(2) 
 William, 725 
 RUTTER 
 
 Jane, 869 
 RYAN 
 
 -98- 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 RYAN continued 
 
 Catherine, 923 
 
 John, 245 
 
 Rachel, 923 
 
 Timothy, 923 
 RYARD 
 
 Jacob, 585 
 RYBURN 
 
 Mat., 560 
 RYDER 
 
 (Mr.), 754 
 
 A. N., 435 
 Adam, 753, 884 
 Adam M. , 754 
 Adam M. , 884 
 Adam W. , 885 
 Alice B., 958 
 Anna, 753, 754, 884, 
 
 885, 958 
 Annie C, 754 
 
 B. L., 441 
 Benjamin, 958 
 Benjamin L. , 294, 885, 
 
 958 
 
 Catherine, 884, 885, 940 
 
 David, 536 
 
 Eliza, 885 
 
 Elizabeth, 753, 884 
 
 Ella May, 885 
 
 family, 753 
 
 Jacob F. , 758 
 
 Jennie, 885 
 
 John A., 884 
 
 Jonathan S . , 754 
 
 Joseph, 434, 753, 754, 
 884 
 
 Leah, 885 
 
 Magdalena, 753 
 
 Mary, 753, 884, 885 
 
 Mary A., 884 
 
 Mary E., 754 
 
 Michael, 743, 885 
 
 Michael (Sr.), 884 
 
 Michael W. , 884 
 
 Saloma, 753, 884 
 
 Samuel, 536 
 
 Sherman J., 754 
 
 William Emmert, 885 
 RYMER 
 
 Archibald, 351 
 SACKBTT 
 
 Elijah, 580 
 
 George, 244 
 
 Joseph, 580 
 SADLER 
 
 Filsom, 596 
 SAHM. 
 
 Abraham, 609 
 
 Peter, 546 
 
 Peter (Rev.), 569, 570, 
 576, 611, 801 
 SAILER 
 
 Daniel, 239 
 SAIMY 
 
 S., 493 
 SAINT CLAIR 
 
 Martin, 341 
 St. CLAIR 
 
 Thos., 539 
 SALOMON 
 
 SALOMON continued 
 
 Amelia, 957 
 SALSGAVER 
 
 Samuel, 595 
 SALTSMAN 
 
 George W., 229 
 
 John M. , 229 
 SAMBAUGH 
 
 F. S., 265 
 SAMPLE 
 
 Ezekiel, 185 
 SAMPSON 
 
 George, 239 
 SAMPLE 
 
 John C, 343 
 
 McSteel, 419 
 
 Robert, 580 
 SAMPSON 
 
 Dominie, 413 
 SANDERSON 
 
 Francis, 585 
 
 Margaret, 641 
 SANDS 
 
 John, 604 
 SANGERSON 
 
 Patrick, 560 
 SANKS 
 
 James , 609 
 SANTMORE 
 
 Jacob, 596 
 SARBAUGH 
 
 Elizabeth, 942 
 
 George, 835 
 
 George W. , 942 
 
 Sarah, 835 
 
 Sarah A. , 835 
 SARGEANT 
 
 Elijah, 242 
 
 John (Hon.), 865 
 SARMAN 
 
 F. A., 658 
 
 Rosana, 658 
 SARTER 
 
 Joseph F., 349 
 SASER 
 
 (Dr.), 690 
 SASSEN 
 
 (Prof.), 644 
 SATIN 
 
 Henry, 241 
 SAUSER 
 
 Jefferson, 340 
 SAVAGE 
 
 (Rev.), 540 
 
 C. H., 609 
 
 Katie, 676 
 SAWYER 
 
 Nicholas, 179 
 SAY 
 
 Benjamin, 580 
 SAYLER 
 
 Adam, 244 
 
 Jacob, 560 
 SAYtOR 
 
 , 546 
 
 Joseph, 604 
 S AYRE 
 
 Martha J., 429 
 
 Robert W. , 429 
 SCARBAUGH 
 
 SCARBAUGH continued 
 
 J. H., 552 
 SCARLETT 
 
 R. G., 546 
 SCHAFER 
 
 George, 521 
 
 Johanes, ^11 
 
 Paul, 5;iC2) 
 SCHAFF 
 
 (Dr.), ^30, 524 
 
 (Miss), 683 
 
 B. Harris, 662, 683 
 
 J. G., 549 
 
 J. G. (Rev.), 255, 494, 682 
 
 Jacob G. (Rev.), 570 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 430 
 
 Matte L. , 682 
 
 Philip (Dr.), 429, 430, 510, 
 855 
 
 Philip (Rev.), 512 
 
 .) (Dr.), 
 
 Philip (Rev.) (Dr.), 703 
 
 Thesta B., 682 
 SCHAFFER 
 
 (Mr.), 463, 687 
 
 Annia, 687 
 
 Catharine, 687(2) 
 
 Fredrich G., 687 
 
 Jacob W., 687 
 
 Julia Ann, 687 
 
 Lizzie, 687 
 
 Matilda, 687 
 
 Mearia, 521 
 SCHAFFNER 
 
 , 546 
 
 SCHAFHIRT 
 
 A. F., 552 
 
 & Imbrie Co., 707 
 SCHEBLER 
 
 Augusta, 661 
 SCHEIBLE 
 
 (Mr.), 683(2) 
 
 John S., 225 
 
 Catharine, 683 
 
 Eliza C, Goodwin, 683 
 
 J. G., 683 
 
 John M. , 683 
 
 John Martin, 683 
 SCHELL 
 
 Peter, 241 
 SCHELLER 
 
 Christian R., 294 
 SCHENCK 
 
 Catherine, 885 
 SCHENEBELE 
 
 Johann Jacob, 726 
 SCHERER 
 
 Frederick, 521 
 
 Jonathan, 521 
 
 Margaretha, 521 
 
 Peter, 521 
 SCHILLITE 
 
 John, 549 
 SCHIRCK 
 
 Wintle, 585 
 SCHLATTER 
 
 (Father), 496 
 
 Michael (Rev.), 145, 313 
 SCHLEICHTER 
 
 Barbare, 815(2) 
 
 Catharine, 815 
 
 -99- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 SCHLEICHTER continued 
 
 Catherine, 815(2) 
 
 David, 815(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 810, 815(2) 
 
 George, 815 
 
 George N., 815 
 
 Jacob, 815 
 
 John, 810, 815(3) 
 
 Leah, 815 
 
 Mary J., 815 
 
 William, 815 
 SCHLEY 
 
 David, 430 
 
 George, 421 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 430 
 SCHLICHTER 
 
 (Mr.), 684(2) 
 
 (Mrs.), 684 
 
 Barbara, 601 
 
 Barbara E. Strock, 684 
 
 Belle M., 914 
 
 Catherine, 811(2) 
 
 David, 683 
 
 Edith Romaine, 684 
 
 Elizabeth, 810 
 
 George W., 684, 914(2) 
 
 H. A., 494 
 
 H. A. (Rev.), 299, 611 
 
 Hiram A. (Rev. ), 684(2), 814 
 
 Jacob, 811(2) 
 
 Jacob A., 684 
 
 Jacob T., 683(2), 684, 914 
 
 Mary, 684(3), 914 
 
 Norman C. , 684 
 
 Rebecca, 683 
 
 Sadie E., 914 
 
 Sedonia Estelle, 684 
 
 Simon C, 914 
 
 Simon T., 684, 814 
 
 Susan, 683 
 
 Thomas, 683(3), 914 
 Vara Zenobia, 684 
 
 Wm. Otterbein, 684 
 SCHLOPER 
 
 N., 525 
 SCHLOSSER 
 
 N., 389 
 
 Noah, 609 
 SCHMIESSER 
 
 Jacob, 196 
 SCHNEBELE 
 
 Christian, 960 
 
 Jacob, 315, 960 
 
 John Jacob, 960, 963 
 
 Margaret, 960 
 SCHNEBELES 
 
 (the), 655 
 SCHNEBELY 
 
 A. R., 525, 526 
 SCHNEBLY 
 
 Daniel, 866 
 Margaret, 866 
 SCHNECK 
 (Mr.), 386 
 
 B. S., 325 
 
 B. S. (Dr.), 273, 452 
 B. S. (Rev.), 305, 390, 
 
 462, 494 
 Benjamin S., 460 
 Benjamin S. (Rev.), 256, 
 
 SCHNECK continued 
 
 Benjamin S. cont., 576 
 
 SCHNEIDER 
 (Miss), 858 
 
 Conrad, 183 
 
 Fred, 463 
 
 Jacob, 883 
 
 Mary, 883 
 
 Nancy, 883 
 SCHNEIDERS 
 
 , 145 
 
 SCHHEICTS 
 
 , 145 
 
 SCHOCR 
 
 James L. (Rev.), 490 
 SCHOENBERGER 
 
 John, 520 
 
 Peter (Dr.), 656 
 SCHOEPFLIN 
 
 F. W., 463 
 SCHOEPLIN 
 
 F. W., 253 
 
 Uilliam, 243 
 SCHOLIELF 
 
 John, 390 
 SCHOFIELD 
 
 Josiah, 390 
 SCHOFLIN 
 
 F. W. 255 
 SCHOLL 
 
 & Shower Co., 751 
 
 Eliza, 544 
 
 F. A. (Rev.), 523, 336, 
 544, 549, 570(2), 613 
 858 
 
 Frederick A. (Rev.), 576 
 591 
 SCHOOLS 
 
 Margaret , 657 
 
 Thomas, 239 
 SCHOPHFLIN 
 
 F. W., 682 
 SCHORT 
 
 Jacob, 521 
 SCHRAUDENBACK 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 SCHREBLER 
 
 C. C, 266 
 SCHREBER 
 
 George, 244 
 SCHREIBER 
 
 William, 582 
 SCHRIVER 
 
 Eve, 669 
 
 John D., 529 
 SCHURZ 
 
 Carl (Col.), 553(2) 
 
 SCHWANKOOSKY 
 C, 491 
 
 SCHWEITZER 
 (Mr.), 145 
 George W. , 343 
 
 SCOOLY 
 
 Isaac, 240 
 
 SCOTT 
 
 (Dr.), 738 
 (Gen.) 688 
 (Judge), 275 
 (Widow), 155, 
 Abraham, 225 
 
 569 
 
 SCOTT continued 
 
 Adam, 580 
 
 Alexander, 462 
 
 Archibald, 591 
 
 Daniel, 153 
 
 David, 151, 566(2), 590, 
 601 
 
 Elizabeth, j44, 930 
 
 Francis, 152, 169 
 
 Freman, 352 
 
 Henry, 182 
 
 Henry W. , 552 
 
 James, 146, 153, 241, 
 
 366, 556, 589, 592, 610, 
 930 
 
 James D., 205 
 
 John, 153, 191, 193, 
 
 200, 223, 394, 420, 544, 
 556(2), 560, 589, 590, 
 592, 596 
 
 Joseph, 179, 206 
 
 M. , 585 
 
 Matthew, 594 
 
 Moses, 585, 595 
 
 Nancy, 872 
 
 Richard, 240 
 
 Robert, 154, 565, 578, 
 594, 597 
 
 Robert (Sr.), 544 
 
 Samuel, 592 
 
 T. A., 511 
 
 Thomas, 182, 569, 570(2) 
 
 Thomas A., 433, 510(2), 516 
 
 Thomas A. (Col.), 425 
 
 Thomas A. (Esq.), 503 
 
 Thomas A. (Hon.), 569 
 
 Tom, 425, 846 
 
 William, 162, 181, 203, 
 205, 206(2), 544, 560, 
 (2), 590, 592, 594, 
 (2), 595 
 
 William B. (Dr.), 275 
 
 William N., 343 
 SCOULER • 
 
 J. B. (Rev.), 582 
 SCRIBA 
 
 Mary Ann, 797 
 SCRIBB 
 
 Victor, '.55 
 SCROGGS 
 
 (Mr.), 516 
 SCULLY 
 
 Hannah M. , 911 
 
 William, 239 
 SEABROOKS 
 
 Susan J., 658 
 SEABITRN 
 
 Susan, 883 
 SEACREST 
 
 Emma C, 871 
 
 J. B., 871 
 
 J. C, 241 
 SEACRIST 
 
 Samuel, 211 
 SEBURN 
 
 Mary Anna, 742(2) 
 SECREST 
 
 Mary, 914 
 SECRIST 
 
 Henry, 560 
 
 -100- 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 SECRIST 
 
 Jacob , 266 
 
 Samuel, 229 
 SEDGWICK 
 
 John (Maj.) (Gen.)i 371 
 SEEBERT 
 
 Samuel, 687 
 SEECRIST 
 
 John, 590 
 
 Solomon, 590 
 SEEKETS 
 
 Wm., 578 
 SEIBERT 
 
 (Mr.). (Sr.). 462 
 
 C. L., 529(2) 
 
 H. C.,' 266 
 
 J. P., 292(3) 
 
 James B., 607 
 
 John, 462 
 
 John (Dr.), 436 
 
 John P., 212, 293 
 
 John P. (Dr.), 502 
 
 Joseph W. , 345 
 
 Margaret , 645 
 
 Mary, 869 
 
 P. W., 325, 390 
 
 Philip & Son, 470 
 
 Samuel, 395, 462, 472, 
 645 
 
 Wesley, 462 
 
 William, 204, 302, 325, 
 329, 462 
 SEIDERS 
 
 (Mr.), 362, 363 
 
 John, 361 
 
 John A., 224, 344, 362, 
 435, 481, 502(2), 504, 
 553 
 SEIIiUMER 
 
 George, 566 
 
 George C, 390 
 
 J., 567 
 
 Jacob, 566(2) 
 SEISER 
 
 William E., 351 
 SELL 
 
 John, 590 
 
 Samuel, 722 
 SELLENBERGER 
 
 Solomon, 266 
 SELLERS 
 
 (Mr.), 520(2), 640 
 
 Alice S., 910 
 
 Amos J., 351, 352 
 
 Jacob, 205, 254, 390 
 
 Jacob (Lieut.), 354 
 
 John A., 209, 436 
 
 Thomas, 152, 591 
 
 William W. , 395 
 SELLHAMER 
 
 George 0., 421 
 SELLS 
 
 Jacob (Jr.), 598 
 
 Joseph, 598(2) 
 
 Peter, 598 
 
 Sara Ann, 598 
 SELTZER 
 
 Wm. F., 529 
 SEMPLE 
 
 James, 223 
 
 SEMPLE 
 
 William, 155, 569 
 SENG 
 
 Christiana, 698 
 SENGER 
 
 Israel (Rev.), 535 
 SENSENEY 
 (Dr.), 729 
 A. H. (Mrs.), 491 
 Abraham (Dr.), 682 
 Christian, 593 
 Lulu, 693 
 Margaret, 693 
 Rebecca, 682 
 (Dr.), 685, 779 
 A, H., 212(2), 291, 325, 
 
 686 
 A. H. (Dr.), 266, 2 5, 
 
 290, 390, 452, 686, 
 
 867, 882 
 A. T., 291 
 Abraham, 212, 431, 684, 
 
 685 
 Abraham (Dr.), 273, 445 
 
 452, 596, 684 
 
 685 
 
 Alexander H., 686 
 
 Alice S., 686 
 SENTMAN 
 
 Andrew, 830 
 SENSENY 
 
 Benjamin Rush (Dr.), 686 
 SENTMAN 
 
 Catharine, 830 
 SENSENY 
 
 Catherine, 685, 765 
 
 E. H., 292 
 
 E. N. 291(4), 292 
 
 Edgar (Dr.), 686 
 
 Edgar N., 293 
 
 Ellen, 669 
 
 Ferdinand, 570 
 
 J. (Dr.), 685 
 
 J. L., 266 
 
 Jacob, 765 
 
 Jane K., 686 
 
 Jane K. Davis, 686 
 
 Jeannette, 686 
 
 Jeremiah, 212, 239, 242, 
 685 
 
 Jeremiah (Dr.), 463, 685 
 691 
 
 Kate S., 686 
 
 Margaret C, 691 
 
 Mary, 765 
 
 Rosalie J. Murdoch, 686 
 
 Rush (Dr.), 686 
 
 William D. (Dr.), 686 
 SENSENEYS 
 
 , 145 
 
 SENTMAN 
 
 Charles, 829 
 
 Daniel L., 830 
 
 David, 829(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 829, 830(2) 
 
 Emma J., 830 
 
 Henrietta, 830 
 
 -101- 
 
 SENTMAN continued 
 
 Lawrence, 829 
 
 Mary, 829 
 
 Mary A., 830 
 
 Mary Ann 833 
 
 Mary J., 829, 830 
 
 Rachel, 829 
 
 Robert, 829 
 
 S. L., 833 
 
 Samuel, 830 
 
 Samuel L., 746, 829(2), 
 
 - 830 
 
 Samuel Lawrence, 829 
 
 Sarah A., 829, 830 
 
 Solomon, 829(3), 830(2) 
 
 William D. , 830 
 SESALE 
 
 Mike, 183 
 SEICHEL 
 
 John W., 340 
 SEVERNS 
 
 Joseph, 239, 242 
 SEWELL 
 
 Richard, 610 
 SEYFARTH 
 
 Gustavus, 340 
 SEYLAR 
 
 Frederick 
 878 
 
 Sarah, 878 
 
 Susan Jane, 878 
 SEYOO 
 
 Abel, 566 
 
 John, 566 
 SEYSTER 
 
 A. K., 421 
 SHADE 
 
 Elizabeth A. , 693 
 
 H. S., 205 
 
 Jacob B. (Rev.), 606 
 
 N. E.,' 482 
 SHAFER 
 
 A. L., 471 
 
 Daniel, 835 
 
 David C, 336 
 
 Henry, 866 
 
 J. H., 471 
 
 Jacob T. (Rev.), 570 
 
 Maria, 866 
 
 Robert, 866 
 
 Sarah, 835 
 
 Sarah J., 835 
 SHAFFER 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 687 
 
 (Mrs.), 687 
 
 Anna M., 861 
 
 Bartram, 959 
 
 Catharine, 687 
 
 Christian, 868 
 
 Daniel, 204, 226, 360 
 
 George, 239 
 
 Hezekiah, 459 
 
 Jacob, 351, 441, 686, 687, 
 861 
 
 Jacob (Sr.), 687 
 
 James , 342 
 
 Jennie M. , 959 
 
 Louisa, 868 
 
 Maria, 868 
 
 -Martha, 959 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 SHAFFER continued 
 
 Mary, 856, 912 
 
 W. C. (Rev.). 536 
 SHAMBENNON 
 
 Henry, 590 
 SHANE 
 
 Mary, 663 
 
 William, 243 
 SHANEE 
 
 Henry F., 352 
 SHANK 
 
 (Miss), 893 
 
 (Mr.), 687 
 
 A. H. (Rev.), 539 
 
 A. S., 893 
 
 Andrew, 893 
 
 Andrew S., 893 
 
 Anna, 893, 952 
 
 Araminta, 687 
 
 Arminta May, 958 
 
 Benjamin, 893 
 
 Bertie, 687 
 
 Bessie, 687 
 
 Betsy, 893 
 
 Catherine, 687, 723, 
 893(3) 
 
 D. C, 174, 958 
 Daniel, 893 
 
 David, 892, 952, 958 
 David C, 958 
 
 E. S., 481 
 Elizabeth, 778, 893 
 Ephraim J., 226 
 Ephraim S. , 687 
 Estella, 958 
 George W. , 687 
 Hezekiah, 893 
 Isaac, 551, 893. 896 
 Jacob, 551, 759 
 Jdhn, 687', 893(2) 
 John A., 205, 265, 893 
 Joseph, 352 
 
 Katie B., 687 
 
 Lillie B., 687 
 
 Margaret, 893 
 
 Mary, 892 
 
 May, 541 
 
 Nancy, 941 
 
 Polly, 893 
 
 Sabina A. Kreps, 687 
 
 Samuel, 893 
 
 Samuel D., 349 
 
 Sarah, 789, 893(2) 
 
 Simon Clyde, 958 
 
 Susan, 892, 896, 958 
 
 Theodore, 687 
 
 W. H., 687 
 
 Warren Lessly Lecron, 958 
 SHANKS 
 
 A. H., (Rev.), 614 
 SHANNEN, (Mrs.), 825 
 
 Annie, 825 
 SHANNON, (Mr.), 454, 622 
 
 (Widow), 592 
 
 D. M. B., 526(2) 
 
 Hugh, 155 
 
 J. Y., 549, 552 
 
 J. Y. (Rev.), 553(2) 
 
 John, 592 
 
 John M. , 240 
 
 SHANNON continued 
 Joseph, 419, 592(2) 
 Oliver E., 422 
 Robert, 202, 594 
 Thomas, 453, 596 
 W. A., 226 
 
 William, 155, 239, 454 
 SHANON 
 Hugh, 569 
 
 William, 153, 201, 569 
 SHASAR 
 
 David, 529 
 John, 526 
 SHABB 
 
 Bazil (Rev.), 496 
 SHAItE 
 
 (Miss), 753 
 SHARER 
 
 David, 609 
 George, 239, 560 
 SHARK 
 
 Frederick, 464 
 SHARON 
 
 James R. (Rev.), 424 
 SHARP 
 
 Adam, 351, 352 
 Daniel, 242 
 Frederick, 341 
 Hannah, 585 
 James, 154, 597(2) 
 Jennie E., 925 
 Mathew, 574 
 Matthew, 585, 597 
 Robert, 587 
 Robert A., 353 
 Ross, 242 
 William, l85, 585 
 Wm. (Jr.), 585 
 Wm. (Sr.), 585 
 SHARFE 
 
 (Mr.), 335, 688, 689, 
 
 690 
 Alexander, 688 
 & Reilly, 885 
 Andrew, 687 
 Emma, 657 
 Bona L,, 826 
 Onrna L. King, 688 
 J. Mc D. (Ueut.), 354 
 J. McDowell, 384, 390, 
 391, 395(2), 420, 431, 
 625, 657, 826, 966 
 J. McDowell (Hon.), 939 
 John King, 826 
 John McDowell, 687, 826 
 
 866 
 John McDowell (Hon.), 944 
 Joshua W., 421 
 Margaret, 667 
 Rosa McDowell, 826 
 Rosanna, 687 
 Thomas, 687 
 
 Walter King,. 688, 826 
 SHAKPE'S 
 
 , 322 
 
 SHAIISUQOC 
 
 (Judge), 689 
 SHARILE 
 Anna, 869 
 Eliza, 882 
 
 -102- 
 
 SHATTUCK 
 
 James F., 341 
 SHATZER 
 Jacob, 346 
 John K., 345, 529 
 John W. , 434 
 Viola, 898 
 SHATZLEY 
 
 Wm. , 472 
 SHAUP 
 
 John, 244 
 SHAVER 
 
 David, 525 
 J. B., 549 
 Peter, 185 
 William, 590 
 SHAW 
 
 Abraham, 594 
 Alex., 609 
 William, 183 
 SHEAFER 
 
 Henry, 249 
 SHEAFFER 
 J. F., 530 
 John, 249 
 SHEARER 
 
 (Mr.), 734, 755 
 .Adallne, 754 
 Agnes, 740, 841 
 Ann, 754 
 Anna, 739, 740, 753, 754, 
 
 841 
 Anna E., 754 
 Anna M., 837 
 Annie, 842 
 Benjamin, 754 
 Catherine A., 754 
 Christian, 754 
 Christiana, 885(2) 
 Christina, 754 
 Christopher, 755 
 Clara E., 754(2) 
 D. 0., 755 
 QBIltpn.0.,755 
 flias, 7S4: 
 "Eliza, 754 
 
 Elizabeth, 761, 796, 841 
 
 Elizabeth C, 754 
 
 Ella A. , 754 
 
 Bona, 755 
 
 Onma M. , 754 
 
 George, 837 
 
 George H., 755 
 
 George W., 841 
 
 H. A., 595 
 
 H. Ada, 754 
 
 Harriet, 754 
 
 Henry, 585 
 
 Jacob, 740, 754, 841 
 
 Jacob F., 841 
 
 John, 244, 598 
 
 John M., 223 
 
 John P., 755 
 
 Jonah E., 761 
 
 Jonathan, 354 
 
 Joseph, 580 
 
 Josephine, 841 
 
 Katie, 754 
 
 Larue B., 754 
 
 Maggie, 755 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 SHEARER continued 
 
 Margaret I., 754 
 
 Maria E., 754, 841 
 
 Martha A., 754 
 
 Mary A., 755 
 
 Mary E., 761 
 
 Mary J., 754 
 
 Mary S., 754 
 
 Nancy, 761 
 
 P., 570 
 
 Paul, 592 
 
 Peter, 519, 520, 521 
 570, 583, 592, 754 
 
 Rebecca, 754 
 
 Rebecca F., 754 
 
 Senuel, 761 
 
 Samuel A., 754(2) 
 
 Sarah A., 754 
 
 Sarah C, 754 
 
 Susan, 754 
 
 Susan A., 755, 763 
 
 £\2S$^cina, 754 
 
 William, 346, 754, 755 
 (2), 763 
 
 William, 754 
 
 William H., 754 
 
 William J., 422 
 
 William W. , 754 
 SHEARMAN, Samuel, 223 
 SHEAVER, Ad., 182 
 SHECKELL ' 
 
 family, 721 
 
 Rachel A., 72J, 
 SHEELER 
 
 & Ripple Co., 734 
 SHEELY 
 
 A. (Prof.), 646 
 SHEERER 
 
 Peter, 566 
 SHEETS 
 
 Ann, 722 
 
 Jacob, 574 
 
 John, 574 
 
 Mary, 892 
 
 William, 241 
 SHEFFER 
 
 Henry, 574 
 SHEFFERY 
 
 Daniel, 540 
 SHEFFLER 
 
 John, 244 
 SHEFFIELD 
 
 John C, 249 
 SHEILDS 
 
 Dsyid, 5T8 
 
 Janes r 243 
 SHEIRY 
 
 Catharine Barbara, 613 
 
 Samuel, 613 
 SHELBY 
 
 Evans , 555 
 
 Rees, 153, 608 
 SHELDON 
 
 William, 350(2) 
 SHELER 
 
 & Clark, 656 
 SHELL 
 
 John, 241 
 SHELLEY 
 
 (Miss), 881 
 
 SHELLEY 
 
 Catherine, 952 
 
 Fred., 573 
 
 Peter, 341 
 SHELLITOE 
 
 George, 596 
 SHENAFIELD 
 
 John, 481 
 
 John W., 481 
 
 M. J. (Mrs.), 483 
 
 Martha J. (Mrs.), 483 
 SHENHOLTZ 
 
 Peter, 560 
 SHENK 
 
 Magdalena, 727 
 SHENNAFIELD 
 
 (Mrs.), 552 
 SHEPERD, Jacob, 582(2) " 
 _ SHEPHERD 
 
 Jacob R. (Rev.), 599 
 SHEPLER 
 
 & Clark saw-mill, 669 
 
 & Myers, 669 
 
 Henry, 475 
 
 Sarah Jane, 873 
 SHEPPARD 
 
 (Maj.), 339 
 SHERAN 
 
 Peter, 182 
 SHERER 
 
 W. H., 526 
 
 W. H. (Rev.), 570 
 SHERIDAN 
 
 (Gen.), 350, 803 
 
 (Lieut.) (Gen.), 709 
 SHERK 
 
 Abraham, 789, 790 
 
 Annie, 790 
 
 Benjamin, 790(2) 
 
 Christian, 315 
 
 Christine, 789 
 
 Elizabeth, 790 
 
 Jacob, 789, 790(2) 
 
 John, 790 
 
 Joseph, 789 
 
 Minnie, 790 
 
 Nancy, 790 
 
 Robert, 790 
 SHERKS 
 
 , 315 
 
 SHEKLEV 
 
 Robert, 578 
 
 Thomas, 688 
 SHERLOW 
 
 Thomas, 574 
 SHSStY 
 
 Thomas, 183 
 SHERTS 
 
 A. H. (Rev.), 576, 611 
 SHERTZ 
 
 (Rev.), 603 
 SHETLER 
 
 Agnes, 754 
 SHETLEY 
 
 Louisa, 654 
 SHETZ 
 
 John, 573 
 SHIELD 
 
 Daniel, 588 
 SHIELDS 
 
 -103- 
 
 SHIELDS continued 
 (Mrs.), 483 
 Alexander (Dr.), 280 
 Andrew, 924 
 Anna E., 804 
 Arthur, 245, 741, 924 
 Barbara A. , 924 
 Catherine, 924 
 David, 162, 184, 584 
 David H., 924 
 Eliza, 814, 924(2) 
 George, 577, 588, 753 
 Isabella, 741, 924 
 Jmie, 753, 921 
 Jenett^ 924 
 John, 921 
 John M. , 611 
 John W. , 916 
 Joseph B., 924 
 Maria, 924 
 Mary, 921(2) 
 Mary A., 753 
 Matthew, 585 
 Matthew (Jr.), 162 
 Matthew (Sr.), 162 
 Peter, 223, 596 
 Robert, 585, 587, 588, 596 
 Samuel A., 913 
 Sarah, 913, 916 
 Simon P., 924 
 Susan, 924 
 Thomas, 580, 924 
 W. A., 209 
 William, 924 
 William, 209 
 SHIERY 
 
 Henry. 226 
 SHIFFERT* 
 
 (Drl), 690 
 
 (Mr.), 690 
 Barbara, 690 
 Daisy B., 690 
 
 Elizabeth, 690 
 
 Esther, 590 
 
 John, 690(2) 
 
 John C, 690 
 SHILDS 
 
 Robert (Jr.), 162 
 
 Robert (Sr.), 162 
 SHILLEY 
 
 Evan, 608 
 SHILLING 
 
 Joseph, 241 
 SHILLITO 
 
 (Vtr.), 690 
 
 Elizabeth, 690 
 
 Gear ge , 463 
 
 S. M., 389, 690 
 
 S. Miller, 212(3), 504 
 
 Samuel, 242, 690 
 SHILLITT 
 
 Samuel, 243 
 SHINAFIELD 
 
 John (Mrs.), 540 
 
 William, 205, 211 
 
 Fred W. , 351, 352 
 
 Frederick, 335 
 
 John, 592 
 SHIPE 
 
 J. R. (Rev.), 613 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 SHIPHAN 
 
 Wm.. 585 
 SHIPLEY 
 
 (Caot.), 690 
 SHIPPEN 
 E., 594 
 
 Edward, ,152, 163, 400, 
 402, 565, 568 
 
 Edward (Hon.), 162, 409 
 
 William (Dr.), (Jr.), 
 284 
 SHIPPEY 
 
 Edward, 578 
 SHIPTON 
 
 Barney, 241 
 SHIRA 
 
 John, 244 
 SHIREMAN 
 
 James, 600 
 SHIREY 
 
 (Mr.), 726 
 
 Clara, 726 
 
 David, 725, 726 
 
 Fsma, 726 
 
 James, 546, 725 
 
 Joanna, 725 
 SHIREZ 
 
 Adam, 544 
 SHIRK 
 
 Frank, 835 
 
 Jennie, 835 
 
 Joseph, 585, 597 
 
 Lydia, 779 
 SHIRKS 
 
 (the), 445 
 SHIRTZ 
 
 (Rev.), 595 
 SHIVELY 
 
 A. B., 766 
 
 Abbie E., 791 
 
 Barbara, 790(2), 791 
 
 Benjamin F., 791 
 
 Catharine (Mrs.), 790 
 
 Catharine, 791 
 
 Daniel, 790, 791 
 
 Eliza, 790 
 
 Elizabeth, 790, 791 
 
 Elizabeth J., 958, 959 
 
 Fannie M. , 791 
 
 George B., 959 
 
 George C, 294 
 
 George G. (Dr.), 958 
 
 Hannah, 790 
 
 Harry Wallace, 791 
 
 Henry, 790(2) 
 
 Jacob, 790(2), 791 
 
 Jacob (Jr.), 791 
 
 James, 790 
 
 Jennie M. , 959 
 
 John, 395, 790(2), 791 
 
 John (Sr.), 790 
 
 John E., 791 
 
 John L., 791 
 
 Lillie, 959 
 
 Maria, 791 
 
 Mary V., 766 
 
 Hency, 790, 791 
 
 Naoma Gertrude, 791 
 
 Peter, 958 
 
 Rebecca, 790 
 
 SHIVELY 
 
 Rebecca A., 791 
 Samuel, 790, 791 
 Solomon, 790, 791 
 Solomon Howard, 791 
 Susan, 791 
 
 William B., 791 
 SHOAF 
 
 James , 594 
 
 Peter, 594 
 
 Peter, (jr.), 594 
 
 David, 582 
 SHOAP 
 
 Agnes, 924 
 
 Ann, 924 
 
 Barbara A., 924 
 
 Betsey, 924 
 
 David R., 924 
 
 Edward, 924 
 
 Emma E. , 924' 
 
 Hannah J., 924 
 
 John, 924 
 
 Maria, 924 
 
 Martha, 924 
 
 Mary C, 924 
 
 Nancy, 924 
 
 S. Ann, 924 
 
 Samuel H., 924 
 
 William, 924 
 
 William John, 924 
 SHOBER 
 
 Elizabeth, 792 
 SHOCK 
 
 Anna, 795 
 SHOCKEY 
 
 (Mr.), 960 
 
 (Mrs.), 960 
 
 Abraham, 350, 590 
 
 Anna, 960 
 
 Anna A., 960 
 
 Catherine, 959 
 
 Christian, 959(2) 
 
 Daniel, 435, 533, 959(2) 
 
 Elva K., 959 
 
 Harry Ward, 960 
 
 Isaac, 183, 960 
 
 Jacob, 590 
 
 Jennie, 959 
 
 John, 350, 959 
 
 Jonas, 959 
 
 Julia, 959 
 
 Martha, 960 
 
 Mary, 959(2) 
 
 Samuel, 960 
 
 Sarah, 959, 960 
 
 Sudle Alice, 960 
 
 Susan, 959 
 
 Valentine , 590 
 
 Virtie May, 959 
 SHOEMAKER 
 
 (Mr.), 309(2) 
 
 (Prof.), 692 
 
 Adam, 828, 830, 923 
 
 Anthony, 566 
 
 Carrie M. , 755 
 
 Catherine, 832 
 
 Clara, 867 
 
 Daniel, 601 
 
 Daniel H. , 755 
 
 David, 831(2) 
 
 -104- 
 
 SHOEMAKER continued 
 Dora, 755 
 
 Elizabeth, 830(2), 831 
 Frances, 758 
 Frances L. , 755 
 Francis L., 223 
 Henrietta, 830 
 J. A., 434, 440 
 John, 183(2) 
 
 John A., 223,747, 755, 758 
 John Alferd, 755 
 Lulu P., 755 
 Martin (Lieut.), 354 
 Mary, 755, 828, 964 
 P. A. (Prof.), 586 
 P. M., 299, 306, 310 
 Philip, 830 
 Philip M., 214, 310 
 Sarah, 831 
 Thomas, 249 
 William, 755 ' 
 William 0., 755 
 SHOEMAN 
 
 Harman, 566 
 Hiram, 352 
 John, 566(2) 
 Philip, 566 
 Simon, 566 
 -SHOENINAKER 
 Adam, 567 
 SHOFF 
 
 David, 582 
 John, 609 
 SHOLLY 
 
 Fred'k., 590 
 SHOOK 
 
 Anna M. , 719 
 Charles Victor, 223 
 David Z., 551 
 John H., 546, 551 
 SHOOP 
 
 David, 351 
 SHOPE 
 
 B. F., -294 
 B. F. (Dr.), 756 
 John, 756 
 Nicholas, 924 
 Sadie E., 756 
 William, 924 
 SHORB 
 
 William H., 336 
 SHORT 
 
 Catherine, 751 
 Mary, 751 
 William, 751 
 SHORTS 
 
 Harry, 529 
 SHORTZ 
 
 John, 463 
 SHOTS 
 
 David, 596 
 SHOTTS 
 
 Jacob, 596 
 SHOUP 
 
 David, 571 
 SHOVER 
 
 Alice, 792 
 Amos H., 792 
 Andrew, 791(2), 792 
 Ann, 792 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 SHOVER continued 
 
 B. Anna, 791 
 
 Catherine, 791 
 
 Daniel, 791, 792 
 
 David, 791(5), 792 
 
 Eliza J., 791 
 
 Elizabeth, 791(3), 792(3) 
 
 Harvey, 792 
 
 Ida M., 792 
 
 Ira I., 960 
 
 Jacob, 79l(2), 792 
 
 John (Jr.), 791 
 
 John C, 960 
 
 ,Maria, 791 
 
 Hary, 791, 792 
 
 Mary A. , 960 
 
 Mary C, 791 
 
 Mary Ellen, 792 
 
 Minerva, 792 
 
 Nancy, 792, 960 
 
 Reuben, 533, 957, 960 
 
 Samuel, 791(2), 792(3) 
 
 Sebastian John, 791 
 
 Sebastian John (Mrs.), 791 
 
 Siisan, 791 
 
 Susannah, 791 
 
 William, 791(2), 792 
 
 William C, 960 
 SHOWALTER 
 
 Jacob, 787 
 
 Mary, 787 
 
 Samuel, 553 
 SHOWER 
 
 & Scholl Co., 751 
 
 Edmund G., 293 
 SHOWMAN 
 
 G. W., 549 
 SHRADER 
 
 Hamilton, 874 
 
 Mary Catharine, 874 
 
 Nicholas , 544 
 
 William, 551 
 SHREINER 
 
 (Mr.), 691(2) 
 
 (Mrs.), 691 
 
 & Marshall, 691 
 
 Bessie May, 691 
 
 Charles Talbert, 691 
 
 Clara May, 691 
 
 Clarence Miller, 691 
 
 Daniel Morrett, 691 
 
 Edith. Pearl, 691 
 
 Eleanora, 691 
 
 Glenn Cleveland, 691 
 
 John, 69l(2) 
 
 Maigaret Elizabeth, 691 
 
 Mary C. Porter, 691 
 
 -Mary E., 691 
 
 Roy Porter, 691 
 
 Samuel, 691 
 SHRIVER 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 J., 571 
 SHRIVEY 
 
 John, 541 
 SHRODER 
 
 Catharine E., 933 
 
 Otho, 419 
 
 Daniel, 211 
 SHRYOCK 
 
 SHRYOCK continued 
 
 G. A., 279, 325, 474, 633 
 
 G. A. & Co. 474 
 
 George A., 473 
 
 George Augustus, 420 
 
 J. K., 386 
 
 John, 201, 202, 456, 462 
 464, 473, 501 
 
 John K., 325 
 
 Samuel, 335, 482 
 SHUETTS 
 
 Henry, 575 
 SHUGART 
 
 & Co., 473 
 SHULENBERGER 
 
 W. C. B. (Rev.), 570 
 SHULER 
 
 Jdin, 828 
 
 Nancy, 828 
 SHULL 
 
 Alvina, 756 
 
 David, 531 
 
 Frederick, 756 
 
 George S., 880 
 
 John, 462 
 
 Rebecca, 880 
 
 Samuel, 756 
 
 Susanna R., 913 
 
 W, M. (Dr.), 756 
 
 William M., 294 
 SHULLENBERGER 
 
 Catherine, 918 
 SHULTZE 
 
 (Rev.) (Mr.), 519 
 SHUMAKER 
 
 (Dr.), 623 
 
 J. H., 422 
 
 J. H. (Dr.), 501 
 
 John C, 422 
 SHUMAN 
 
 Adeline, -918 
 
 Barbara, 918 
 
 Catherine, 924 
 
 Eliza, 918(2) 
 
 G. A., 395 
 
 Henry, 918(2) 
 
 Henry (Sr.), 918 
 
 Philip, 924 
 
 Susan (Mrs.), 921 
 
 William E., 342 
 SHUHK 
 
 (Mr.), 446 
 SHUTE 
 
 Jacob, 179 
 SHUTTER 
 
 William, 245 
 SHOTTS 
 
 John, 596 
 SIBBET 
 
 Anna M. , 922 
 
 Catherine, 923 
 
 Thomas, 923 
 SIBBEIT 
 
 Hugh, 382 
 SICKELS 
 
 (Gen.), 902 
 
 Daniel E., 371 
 SIDERS 
 
 Jno. A., 481 
 SIECRIST 
 
 -105- 
 
 SIECRIST continued 
 
 Henry, 561 ' 
 SIEDEL 
 
 Mary, 816 
 SIEGEL 
 
 (Gen.), 382 
 SIER 
 
 Noah, 349 
 SIERER 
 
 (Mr.), 691, 692 
 
 (Mrs.), 692 
 
 Catherine J. Carmany, 691 
 
 Daniel, 591, 692 
 
 Elizabeth, 624 
 
 Emma C. Jarrett, 692 
 
 H., 389, 624 
 
 H. & Co., 645 
 
 Henry, 645, 475, 691 
 
 J., 441 
 
 J. i Co., 692 
 
 Joseph, 692 
 
 Joseph (Mrs.), 326 
 
 Margaret C. Senseny, 691 
 
 Mary, 691, 592 
 SIGEL 
 
 (Gen.), 503 
 SIGHTS 
 
 Henry, 560 
 SIGLAR 
 
 George, 595 
 
 Jacob, 596 
 SILL 
 
 (Rev.), 603 
 
 George (Rew.), 576, 611 
 
 Samuel, 590 
 SILVERS 
 
 James, 402 
 
 Patrick, 182 
 SIMMERS 
 
 D. J., 479(2) 
 SIMMONS 
 
 John, 580 
 
 Thomas, 580 
 
 William, 350 
 SIMON 
 
 546 
 
 SIHPSOH 
 
 Andrew, 149, 155, 559 
 
 George, 182, 243 
 
 J. Alexander, 421 
 
 John, 149 
 
 John G., 340 
 
 Mary C, 669 
 
 Matthew, 669 
 
 Nathaniel, 154 
 SINGER 
 
 George A., 582 
 
 Mary, 942 
 SIPES 
 
 John P., 582 
 
 William, 242 
 SISNEY 
 
 John, 584 
 SISSLER 
 
 Michael, 596 
 SITES 
 
 Christopher, 241 
 
 Henry, 239, 244 
 
 Jacob, 341 
 
 Samuel, 529 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 SITES continued 
 
 Stophel, 561 
 SITLER 
 
 Matthias, 596 
 SITSLER 
 
 Michael, 183 
 SITTING 
 
 Bull (Indian), 937, 
 938 
 SIX 
 
 S., 534 
 SKEIXY 
 
 Elizabeth, 703 
 Mary, 703 
 William, 703 
 SKILES 
 
 Bruce H., 924 
 D. W., 924 
 Davis, 924 
 Elizabeth, 924 
 Elnora M. , 925 
 Estella F., 925 
 Estella M., 925 
 Gurtty B., 924 
 Henderson G., 924 
 Henderson J., 925 
 Howard C, 924 
 James W. , 924 
 Jane, 924 
 Libby M. , 924 
 Llzzey C, 925 
 Margaret, 924 
 Martha A. (Mrs.), 924 
 Martha W. , 924 
 Mary E., 924 
 Sarah, 924 
 SKINNER 
 
 (Mr.), 692, 693, 756, 
 
 757 
 A. A., 266 
 Ada B., 757 
 Adolphus A., 202, 692 
 Adolphus L., 692 
 Agnes, 744, 756 
 Alice R. Hassler, 693 
 Amos A., 345 
 & Walker, 697. 
 
 Ann, 843 
 
 Anna, 756 
 
 Anna A., 757 
 
 Anna M. , 757 
 
 Archie, 756 
 
 Calvin M. , 756 
 
 Catherine, 756, 757 
 
 Clinton, 757 
 
 Cora Ann, 830 
 
 D. J., 757 
 
 Daniel, 20., 756, 759 
 
 Daniel Bruce J., 830 
 
 Daniel M. , 756 
 
 David, 756 
 
 David D., 756 
 
 David Duncan, 757 
 
 David J. , 583, 757 
 
 David M., 757 
 
 Drusilla, 756 
 
 Effie C, 830 
 
 Eldorado, 757 
 
 Elizabeth, 756, 830 
 
 Emma C. , 757, 830 
 
 SKINNER continued 
 
 Enoch, 756(2) 
 
 Ezra, 756 
 
 G. Washington, 341 
 
 George , 756 
 
 George W. , 203, 395, 422 
 
 Gilson, 757 
 
 Eda, 762 
 
 Isaac, 756 
 
 James W., 756(2) 
 
 Jane, 752, 757 
 
 Jennetta A. , 757 
 
 John, 692, 756(2), 757 
 
 John M.,757 
 
 John S., 224,692 
 
 Judith, 757 
 
 Lizzie C, 757 
 
 Lotta, 757 
 
 M. R., 435, 830 
 
 Maggie S., 756 
 
 Margaret, 756, 757 
 
 Martha, 752, 756, 759 
 
 Mary, 745, 747, 756, 
 757 
 
 Mary A. , 925 
 
 Mary Ann, 692(2) 
 
 Mary Morris, 840 
 
 Minnie, 830 
 
 Morrow R. , 756, 830 
 
 Moses, 179 
 
 Nancy, 756(2) 
 
 Nancy M., 757 
 
 Phebe, 756 
 
 Rachel, 752 
 
 Retta J., 757 
 
 Robert, 757 
 
 Sarah, 838 
 
 Sarah A., 757 
 
 Sarah Ann, 692 
 
 Stephen, 583, 756, 
 757, 830 
 
 Stephen McGinley, 756(2) 
 
 Stephen 0., 341 
 
 Susie E. Keefer, 692 
 
 Thomas, 743, 756 
 
 W. C, 202 
 
 Washington, 757 
 
 West C, 756 
 
 Wilbert, 757 
 
 Wilbur, 762 
 
 William, 202, 692, 752(2) 
 756(3), 757(2), 759 
 
 William & Son, 693 
 
 William B., 622, 747 
 
 William C, 692 
 
 William P., 351, 440 
 
 William W. , 224, '692 
 SLOCH 
 
 Abraham, 152 
 SLACK 
 
 Abraham, 579 
 
 Ranald, 154 
 SLATE 
 
 Clarissa, 663 
 SLAUGHENHAUPT 
 
 W. P., 266 
 SLAYMAKER 
 
 Amos, 421 
 SLEAR 
 
 Gasper, 574 
 
 -106- 
 
 SLEATER 
 
 J. (Rev.), 539 
 SLEICHTER 
 
 Barbara, 766 
 
 family, 766 
 
 H. A. (Rev.), 614 
 
 Henry, 229 
 
 John, 766 
 
 Rebecca, 766 
 
 & Besore Co., 794 
 
 Catherine, 767 
 
 J., 599 
 SLIGHTER 
 
 Charlotte R., 815 
 
 Charlotte Rebecca, 815 
 
 David (Jr.), 815 
 
 David (Sr.), 815 
 
 Edgar Franklin, 815 
 
 Einma Catherine, 815 
 
 Joanna, 828 
 
 John, 828(2) 
 
 Mary Jane, 815(2) 
 
 Minnie May, 815 
 
 William Croft, 815 
 SLICK 
 
 M. J., 259, 529(3) 
 SLOAN 
 
 (Dr.), 275, 492 
 
 (Mr.), 253 
 
 James, 155, 183, 569 
 
 John, 149, 211, 212, 253, 
 463 
 
 John (Dr.), 203, 275, 462 
 
 Mrs. John (later Mrs. 
 Joseph Pritts), 253 
 
 John R., 351 
 
 Rachel (Mrs.), 526 
 
 Robert, 578 
 SLOCUM 
 
 H. W. (Maj.) (Gen.), 371 
 SLONE 
 
 Catherine, 764 
 SLOTHONER 
 
 Israel, 342 
 SLYDER 
 
 F. H., 299 
 
 James S., 230 
 
 William, 203 
 SMALL 
 
 Adam, 612(2), 893(3) 
 
 Agnes, 893 
 
 Benjamin, 893 
 
 Benjamin C, 893 
 
 Charles, 893 
 
 Charlotte, 914 
 
 Daniel, 893 
 
 David v., 914 
 
 Edward M. , 226 
 
 Elizabeth, 890 
 
 Emery, 893 
 
 Ephraim J., 226, 893 
 
 family, 893 
 
 George, 893 
 
 George C. , 893 
 
 H. M., 89 3 
 
 Henry, 893(2) 
 
 Henry C, 914 
 
 J. R., 441 
 
 Jacob, 239, 893(2) 
 
 Jacob R., 435, 893(2) 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 SMALL continued 
 Jane, 675 
 John, 226, 239, 893(3), 
 
 914 
 John (Mrs.), 893 
 John A., 529, 914 
 John S . , 893 
 Lazarus B., 893 
 Ludwick, 560 
 Lulu M., 914 
 Magdalina, 893 
 Mary, 890, 914 
 Mary E, , 893 
 Minnie A., 914 
 Nellie, 893 
 Peter, 893, 914 
 R. M. , 529 
 Rebecca, 893 
 Samuel, 890 
 W. H., 479 
 William, 352 
 SMEE 
 
 Christian, 493 
 George, 601 
 SMILEY 
 
 . , 606 
 
 (Mr. J, 69 3 
 (Mrs.), 693 
 Edith M. (Mrs.), 755 
 Edwin 0., 693 
 Elizabeth A. Shade, 693 
 James, 182 
 Lulu, 693 
 Robert, 649 
 Robert B., 693 
 SMim 
 
 334 
 
 C«>t.v| 181 
 
 Col.), 186, 410 
 
 Gen.), 364 
 
 I Judge), 864 
 
 Lieut.), 361 
 
 Mr,), 175, 309, 322 
 
 Squire), 509 
 Abraham, 200, 393, 394, 
 556(2), 560, 561, 588 
 746 
 Abraham (Capt.), 181 
 Abram (Col.), 901 
 Adam, 585, 590, 914 
 Adam F. , 335 
 Alfred H., 253, 420 
 Alfred M. , 500 
 Alice K. , 939 
 Mhesa, 390, £93 
 Aina M., 915 
 Amos., 582, 609 
 Amos S., 421 
 & McCleary Co., 894 
 Ann E., 925 
 Ann Washington, 545 
 Anna, 925, 930 
 Annail., 915 
 Anna V^vy, :613 
 Baldy <JGen.), 735 
 Bros., 910 
 C. F., 481 
 C. H., 891, 894 
 Caroline, 662 
 Catherine, 894. 914 
 
 SMITH continued 
 Charles, 416 
 Charles C. , 915 
 Christian, 314 
 Clara D. , 894 
 Daniel, 463, 493, 574, 
 
 496(2), 782 
 David, 243 
 David (Rev.), 570, 595, 
 
 E. M., 479, 482 
 
 E. W., 482 
 
 Edward (Rev.), 539 
 
 Eleanor, 824 
 
 Eliza, 544, 670, 748 
 
 Elisabeth, 389, 572, 
 
 925 
 Ellen L., 860 
 Esther, 783 
 Eve, 576 
 Frederick, 213, 253, 325 
 
 (2), 329, 394(2), 420, 
 
 (2), 574, 696, 894, 
 
 926 
 Frederick (Hon.), 415 
 George, 419, 574, 633, 
 
 893, 925, 930 
 George A., 421 
 George F., 335 
 George L. , 925 
 George W. , 886 
 George Webster, 693 
 Gideon, 494 
 H. C, 609 
 Harry, 939 
 Harvey, 573 
 Henry, 203(2), 205, 
 
 212, 229, 239, 242, 
 
 463, 493, 531 
 Henry G. , 421 
 Hugh, 595 
 Hyram, 563 
 I. & Sons, 322 
 Isaac, 574, 593 
 Isabella, 576 
 J., 824 
 
 J. C, 534, 549 
 J. C. (Rev.), 595 
 J. F. (Rev.), 570 
 J. Findlay, 351 
 J. J. (Dr.), 472 
 J. R., 211 
 J. W. 609 
 Jacobj 241, 243, 472, 
 
 Jacob (Sr.), 613 
 Jacob P., 552 
 Jacob S., 214, 310 
 Jacob W., 914 
 James 174, 204, 394, 
 
 419, 492, 506, 594, 
 
 595, 596 
 James (Col.), 185, 221, 
 
 410, 424, 515 
 James A., 480 
 Jennie E. , 925(2) 
 Jeremiah A. , 343 
 Joe, 563 
 John, 153, 163, 183(2), 
 
 211, 212, 241, 325, 419 
 
 -107- 
 
 SMITH continued 
 
 John cont., 463, 474, 492, 
 542, 574, 580, 590, 592, 
 612(2), 613, 699, 924 
 John F., 349 
 John Findlay, 345 
 John R., 229, 343 
 Jonathan, 515, 591 
 Joseph, 568 
 Joseph M. , 925 
 Julia E., 696 
 Louisa, 798 
 Lvinetta M. , 894 
 Margaret, 893, 894 
 Martha, 894, 926 
 Mary, 782, 881 
 Mary A., 925 
 Mary Ann L., 894 
 Minnie, 925 
 Miranda L. , 925 
 Nancy J., 925 
 Nicholas, 241 
 Oliver, 593 
 Patience, 693 
 Peter, 183, 551, 552, 574 
 
 576 
 Philip C, 354 
 Priscilla E. Zimmerman, 693 
 Ralph, 225 
 Rebecca, 861 
 Richard, 419 
 Robert, 205, 244, 393, 394, 
 
 416, 558, 572, 592, 593 
 Robert (Hon.), 515 
 Robert (Rev.), 592 
 S. H. C, 492 
 S. H. C. (Rev.), 325 
 Samuel, 153, 239, 402(2), 
 525, 544, 555, 556(2), 
 551, 592(2), 593 
 Sam'l. (Dr.), 596 
 Samuel E,, 349 
 Sidney, 269 
 Thomas, 182, 243, 350, 404, 
 
 405, 415, 419 
 Uriah P., 723 
 W. 0., 550 
 
 William, 151, 152, 153, 215, 
 240, 243, 340, 505, 506, 
 514, 556, 596, 608 
 William (Jr.), 509 
 Wm. (Capt.), 592 
 William (Lieut.), 150 
 William B., 435, 925 
 William Blgler, 925 
 William E., 915 
 William L. , 226, 925 
 William T., 345 
 SMITHS 
 
 (the), 598 
 SMYLEY 
 
 James , 592 
 SMUTH 
 
 S. D. W., 329 
 SMYSER 
 
 M. L., 329, 492 
 SMYSERS 
 
 Michael, 608 
 SNEAKLY 
 
 George, 585 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 SNEIX 
 
 Henry, 590 
 SNIDER 
 Col., 236 
 Annie, 809 
 Barbara, 808 
 Catharine, 929 ^„„_, 
 Catherine, 799, 808(2) 
 Conrad, 202, 455 
 Conrad (Capt.), 274 
 Cyrenius, 808 
 David, 560 
 David C, 809 
 Elizabeth, 812 
 Erana, 809 
 
 Franklin (Lieut.), 354 
 George W. , 390, 500 
 Henry, 592 
 J. Frank, 481 
 J. N., 266, 324 
 Jacob, 153, 202, 253, 
 336, 345, 455, 493 
 Jacob (Rev.), 535 ,„,,„, 
 Jacob N., 266, 480, 502(2) 
 Jane (Mrs.), 500 
 Jeremiah, 202, 203, 236 
 Jeremiah (Capt.), 236, 
 
 276 
 John, 210(2), 242, 243, 
 
 566 
 John (Col.), 211 
 John F., 335 
 John M. , 809 
 John M. P., 345 
 John N., 808 
 Laura J., 809 
 Margaret, 808 
 Margaret H., 732 
 Martha, 805, 808 
 Mary, 809 
 N. C, 420 
 Nicholas, 195, 274, 390, 
 
 453, 455, 493, 596, 808 
 Peter, 346 
 Peter (Squire), 732 
 SNIVELEY 
 
 Polly, 880 
 SNIVELY 
 
 (Mr.), 730, 934 
 (Dr.), 962 
 Alice B., 962 
 Andrew, 244, 394, 395, 
 555, 560, 726, 727(4), 
 728, 732 
 Andrew J. (Dr.), 961 
 Ann Catherine, 729 
 Anna, 726, 727(4), 729, 
 
 731, 961 
 Anna Mary, 726, 728 
 Anna Mary Culbertson 728 
 Annie B., 729 
 Annie E. , 732 
 Barbara, 726, (2), 727 
 Bell Gilmore, 728 
 Benjamin, 265(2), 546, 
 
 551, 555, 562, 727(2) 
 Benjamin (Jr.), 727 
 Benjamin F., 732 
 Bertha C, 732 
 Catherine, 726(2), 729, 
 
 SNIVELY continued 
 
 Catherine cont., 730, 
 
 731, 732, 961 
 Catherine K, , 730 
 Catherine N., 727 
 Catherine S., 732 
 Charles R., 731 
 Christian, 726, 732 
 Christiana, 726, 727 
 Clara B., 732 
 Clarence E., 731 
 Claud S., 732 
 Cornelia, 730 
 Crisley, 560 
 Daniel, 350, 727, 728, 
 
 729, 830 
 Daniel Duncan, 728 
 David, 415, 419, 599, 727 
 E. S., 730 , ^ 
 Edith M., 727(2) 
 Edwin S., 434, 730 
 Eliza, 934 
 Elizabeth, 726, 727, 
 729, 730, 733, 837, 
 887 
 Elizabeth Prather, 728 
 Ella, 717 
 Emma F., 729(2) 
 Eve, 726 
 family, 726, 727, 728, 
 
 960 
 Fannie, 726 
 Frank B., 229 
 Frank Ellis, 731 
 Franklin B., 731 
 Frederick B., 729, 730 
 Frederick Bryan, 730 
 George, 730 
 
 George B., 440, 553, 731 
 George B. (Mrs.), 717 
 Harry, 732 
 Harvey N., 731 
 Henry, 556, 560(2), 726 
 Henry (Dr.), 560 
 Henry (Mai. 5, 727(2) 
 I. N. 291(4), 534(2) 
 I. N. (Dr.), 534(2) 
 I. N. (Rev.), 928 
 Isaac, 727(2) 
 Isaac N., 293 
 Isaac N. (Dr.), 960, 961 
 J. Howard, 731 
 J. S., 552 
 
 J. Stouffer, 731, 732 
 J. Stouffer ic Co., 707, 
 
 731 
 Jacob, 145, 151(2), 153, 
 313, 555, 556(3), 573, 
 726(2), 727(3), 728, 
 729, 732(2), 934 
 Jacob H., 731(2) 
 JanES Ross, 727 
 Jacob S., 205, 346, 553 
 
 (2), 732 
 Jessie Estella, 730 
 John, 153, 240, 726, 727, 
 
 729, 731, 732, 961(2) 
 John Culbertson, 728 
 John Earle, 731 
 John Jacob, 961 
 
 -108- 
 
 SNIVELY 
 
 John K., 961 
 John Rowe, 728 
 Joseph, 209, 391, 560, 
 
 72l, 727(4), 728, 729(2), 
 732 
 Joseph (Sr.), 800 
 Joseph Culbertson (Dr.), 
 
 728 
 Joseph L., 293, ^ ^ 
 Joseph L. (Dr.), 729(2) 
 Julia Frances, 728 
 Lemuel, 209, 727 
 Luella, 731 
 M., 563 , , 
 
 Magdalena, 726, 727(2) 
 
 729 
 Malinda, 930 
 Margaret, 732 
 Margaiet H., 732 
 M. S. 552 
 Maria, 729(2) 
 Maria A., 732 
 Martha B., 732 
 Mary, 726, 727, 732, 733 
 
 963 
 Mary Ann, 728, 729 
 Mary E., 729, 731 
 Mary Georeietta, 732 
 Mary L., 727 
 Matilda, 727 
 
 Melchi, 229, 729(2), 730(2) 
 Melchi K., 731 
 Michael, 726 
 Minerva, 731 
 Minnie, 552 
 Nancy, 727 
 Nannie, 732 
 Nellie C, 730 
 Nora M., 729 
 Peter, 733, 963 
 S. B., 552 
 
 S. F., 732 
 
 Samuel,- 728(2), 732(2) 
 
 Samuel B., 727, 729(2) 
 
 Samuel F., 422 
 
 Samuel K., 354 
 
 Samuel K. (Dr.), 961 
 
 Scott, 730 
 
 Scott K., 346 
 
 Sprague E., 732 
 
 Summerfield E. (Rev.), 729 
 
 Susan, 732 
 
 Susan Almlra, 728 
 
 Susanna, 726 
 
 Susannah, 728 
 
 Thaddeus Alexander (Rev.) 
 729 
 
 Virginia, 720 
 
 W. S., 552 
 
 Warren, 727 
 
 Watson, 728 
 
 William, 730 
 
 William Andrew (Rev.), 728 
 
 William H., 732 
 
 William Stewart, 727 
 SNIVELYS 
 
 145, 563 
 
 SNCDDT 
 
 Adam, 919 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 SNODDY continued 
 
 Margaret, 919 
 SHODGSASS 
 
 James, 574 
 
 Margaret, 826 
 
 Martha A., 924 
 
 Samuel, 574 
 
 Thomas, 666, 606 
 
 William, 574 
 SNODGRESS 
 
 Robert, 596 
 
 Sam'l., 596 
 SNORE 
 
 (Mr,), 599 
 
 A. F., 435, 830 
 
 Aaron F., 209, 831 
 
 Andrew, 831 
 
 Anna, 830 
 
 Charles B. , 831 
 
 Christian, 567, 830, 831 
 
 Clarence H., 831 
 
 Daniel, 567, 817 
 
 David, 831 
 
 Emanuel, 831 
 
 Errol F., 831 
 
 Hannah, 830, 831 
 
 J. H., 828 
 
 Jacob H., 226 
 
 John, 830(2), 831 
 
 Lizzie, 831 
 
 Lulu L., 831 
 
 Mary A., 831 
 
 Nellie N., 831 
 
 Samuel, 831 
 
 Sarah, 831 
 
 William B., 831 
 SNOOK 
 
 Susanna, 912 
 SNOW 
 
 John H. , 340 
 SNOHBAKGER 
 
 Andrew, 590 
 
 Uly, 590 
 SNOWBERGER 
 
 Andrew, 614 
 
 Catharine, 614 
 
 Christine, 951 
 
 David, 951 
 
 Durst, 590 
 
 John, 153, 589, 612 
 
 Ulrick, 535 
 SNOWBERGERS 
 
 (the), 614 
 SNOWDEN 
 
 (lft.)i 411 
 SNTDEE 
 
 (eov.), 240, 404 
 
 (Miss), 858 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 462 
 
 (Prof.), 444 
 
 Adam J., 349 
 
 Anna B., 962 
 
 Anna Myrtle, 694 
 
 Anthony, 574 
 
 Belle, 962 
 
 Bruce M. , 472 
 
 C. Newton, 801 
 
 Catharine, 636 
 
 Charles, 792 
 
 Conrad, 70 7-- 574 
 
 SNYDER continued 
 
 David, 444, 463 
 
 David F., 792 
 
 Ella, 835 
 
 Ella v., 694 
 
 Frank, 893 
 
 Fred, 570 
 
 Frederick T., 202, 693, 
 801 
 
 George B. McClellan, 801 
 
 Hanna, 801 
 
 Harvey L. , 792 
 
 Hazel D., 963 
 
 Hiram T., 202 
 
 Henry, 574, 713 
 
 J. Albert, 801 
 
 J. Edward, 801 
 
 J. Milton, 435, 801(2) 
 
 Jacob, 225, 239, 459, 
 462, 574, 576(2), 962 
 
 Jacob, 225, 226, 434, 576 
 693, 801 
 
 Jeremiah, 462, 465 
 
 John, 239, 244, 894 
 
 L., 534 
 
 Lanah, 894 
 
 M. (Rev.), 595 
 
 Margaret, 792, 893 
 
 Martha, 693, 801 
 
 Martha Ann, 801 
 
 Martha M. , 713 
 
 Mary J., 792 
 
 Mich., 574 
 
 Nancy, 792 
 
 Nicholas, 461 
 
 Peter, 574(3), 801 
 
 Philip P., 349 
 
 Rebecca Kate, 801 
 
 Robert, 341 
 
 Samuel, 835 
 
 Simon, 405 
 
 Susan, 962 
 
 W. A., 792 
 
 W. H., 532 
 
 W. M., 476 
 
 W. 0., 552 
 
 William, 346, 546 
 
 William, 552 
 
 William, 552 
 
 William, 552 
 
 William, 553 
 
 William A., 792, 801 
 
 William H., 962 
 SOASY 
 
 Jacob, 463 
 SOHM 
 
 Conrad, 549 
 
 Maryberry, 609 
 SOHN 
 
 Ann, 856 
 
 Harriet, 520 
 
 Harriet Peyton, 856 
 
 J. Conrad, 856 
 SOLENBERGER 
 
 Elizabeth, 801 
 
 John W., 801 
 
 Lizzie E., 801 
 
 Mary, 949 
 
 S. W., 801 
 SOLL 
 
 -109- 
 
 SOLL continued 
 
 David, 530 
 SOLLENBERGER 
 
 Israel, 896 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 D. W. (Rev.), 586, 601 
 
 Dan'l. W., 299 
 
 John S., 202 
 
 Maria, 896 
 
 Mary, 949 
 
 Rebecca, 897 
 
 S. W., 434 
 
 W. H., 340 
 SOLLENBERGERS 
 
 (the), 315 
 SOLLINGER 
 
 Catherine, 754 
 SOMERFIELD 
 
 (Mr.), 455(2) 
 SOMMERS 
 
 David, 229 
 SOUER 
 
 Savona, 828 
 SOULE 
 
 J. B. (Rev.), 499 
 SOUTHERLAND 
 
 Robert, 153 
 SOUTHARD 
 
 Samuel L., 626 
 SOUTHEY 
 
 Robert, 564 
 SOWER 
 
 Bamhart , 566 
 SOWERS 
 
 Bamhart, 794 
 
 Mary, 794 
 SPADER 
 
 A. v., 634 
 SPAHR 
 
 Fredrick, 389, 455 
 
 Jacob, 463 
 
 John, 340 
 
 Margaret , 639 
 SPANGENAER 
 
 Cyriacus (Rev.), 576 
 SFANGENBERG 
 
 Cyriacus , 590 
 SPANGLE 
 
 A. M., 529 
 SPANGLER 
 
 B. K., 480 
 Charlotte, 887k 929 
 Daniel, 203, 205, 211, 212, 
 
 463 
 
 Felt., 584 
 
 G., 243 
 
 George, 239 
 
 Henry, 514, 525 
 
 Jacob, 463, 480(2) 
 
 Jesse, 887 
 
 Joseph, 582 
 
 Valentine, 585 
 SPARE 
 
 J., 325 
 S PAULDING 
 
 Nancy A., 744 
 SPEAR 
 
 John, 394 
 
 William, 185 
 SPECK 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 SPECK continued 
 
 Adam, 842 
 
 Edith, 842 
 
 Fred, 861 
 
 Jennie, 842 
 
 Jessie, 842 
 
 John E., 842 
 
 Joseph, 842 
 
 Laura, 842 
 
 Mary A., 842 
 
 Mary Ann, 842 
 
 Mary E. , 817 
 
 Matilda, 842 
 
 Ralph, 842 
 SPECKMAN 
 
 George, 244 
 SPEELMAN 
 
 Melchor, 349 
 SPEER 
 
 (Mr.), 694 
 
 & Brank, 694 
 
 Conrad, 561 
 
 David, 482(2) 
 
 J. D. & Son, 694 
 
 James, 745 
 
 Jane, 694 
 
 John D., 694 
 
 Joseph, 604 
 
 Lucinda, 694 
 
 Matilda, 745 
 
 Thomas , 243 
 
 William, 484, 600, 694 
 
 Wm. T., 486 
 SPEIIMAN 
 
 Luther, 959 
 
 Mary, 959 
 SPENCE 
 
 Collin, 155, 569 
 
 Peter, 549 
 SPENCER 
 
 Catherine, 569 
 
 D., 209 
 
 David, 209, 211, 265, 
 266 
 
 Herbert, 261 
 
 Peter, 569 
 SPIDAL 
 
 Adam, 350 
 
 Jacob, 529 
 SPIDLE 
 
 Philip, 614 
 SPIELMAN 
 
 Conrad, 544 
 
 Dorothea, 544 
 
 J. C, 552 
 SPITEL 
 
 Jacob, 242 
 SPOONOUR 
 
 Elizabeth, 792 
 
 Ellen J., 792 
 
 George, 792 
 
 Isaac, 792 
 
 Isabel, 792 
 
 John, 792 
 
 May, 792 
 
 Richard, 79i 
 
 Robert, 792 
 
 Samuel, 79^ 
 
 Samuel I., Tii(l) 
 
 Samuel Jeffer«nn, 79^' 
 
 SPOONOUR continued 
 
 Susan, 792 
 SPOTTSWOOD 
 
 W. L., 540 
 SPRACHER 
 
 Johnm, 464 
 SPRANKEL 
 
 Helen, 964 
 
 John, 964 
 SPREACHER 
 
 Elizabeth, 652 
 SFRECHER 
 
 Samuel (Rev.), 490 
 
 Lewis H., 351 
 SPRENKLE 
 
 Malinda, 892 
 
 William, 892 
 SPRIGGS 
 
 Joseph (Rev.), 599 
 SPRINGER 
 
 Aaron, 902 
 
 Catherine, 902 
 
 David, 244, 526 
 
 L. L., 266, 908 
 
 Levi L., 224 
 
 Susanna, 902 
 SPRINGSON 
 
 (MR.), 170 
 SPROUL 
 
 Henry, 826 
 
 Sarah, 826 
 SQUIRE 
 
 Thomas, 243 
 SREADER 
 
 John, 239 
 STACH 
 
 Amanda, 831 
 
 Barbara, 829 
 
 Barbara Ann, 831 
 
 Catherine, 831 
 
 Cyrus E., 829, 831 
 
 Gideon, 831(2) 
 
 Howard Lester, 831 
 
 Isaac, 831 
 
 McGinley, 831 
 
 Michael, 831 
 
 Stephen, 831 
 
 Susan, 831 
 
 Wilson M. C, 831 
 STACH ER 
 
 John, 464 
 STACKHOUSE 
 
 Sarah, 826 
 STAGER 
 
 D. F., 680 
 
 D. F. & Son, 441, 475 
 
 J. J., 551 
 STAHL 
 
 Eva, 711, 712 
 
 Henry, 556 
 
 John M. , 861 
 
 Joseph, 778 
 
 Mary C, 861 
 
 Sarah A. , 778 
 STAHLEY 
 
 Adelina, 764 
 STAILEY 
 
 Samuel, 229 
 STAKE 
 
 (Capt . ) , 40 
 
 -ilO- 
 
 STAKE continued 
 
 (Mr.), 694, 758 
 
 Albert W., 758 
 
 Anna, 758 
 
 Anna M. , 757 
 
 Barbara, 753, 867 
 
 Barbara M., 808 
 
 Bros., 742 
 
 Catharine, 694 
 
 Daniel, 755, 758 
 
 Denton, 758 
 
 family, 757 
 
 Frances , 758 
 
 Frances L. , 755 
 
 Frederick, 585, 757 
 
 Grler J., 758 
 
 Grler Johnson, 758 
 
 Henrietta, 758 
 
 Jacob (Capt.), 240 
 
 Jennie, 758 
 
 John, 241, 694, 757 
 
 Josephine, 758 
 
 Mary, 758 
 
 Mary A., 758 
 
 Mollle E., 758 
 
 Nancy, 758 
 
 Peter, 753, 757, 758 
 
 Rebecca J., 758 
 
 Robert, 758 
 
 Sarah, 694 
 
 Tena 0., 758 
 
 William, 481, 694 
 
 Wisley P., 758 
 STALEY 
 
 Jacob, 241, 549 
 STALL 
 
 Daniel, 544 
 
 Elizabeth, 776 
 
 Henry, 153, 592 
 
 Henry (Sr.), 560 
 
 Joseph, 595, 603 
 STAMBOUGH 
 
 John, 350 
 STAMEY 
 
 Henry, 773 
 
 Mary E., 773 
 STAMPBANCK 
 
 Lawrence, 594 
 STANDLEY 
 
 George, 181 
 STANDS 
 
 John, 464 
 
 Leonard, 578 
 STANNY 
 
 Abram (Rev.), 535 
 STANSBEBRY 
 
 Jesse, 582, 609 
 STANSBURY 
 
 Jesse, 525 
 STARET 
 
 Alex., 155, 569 
 
 John, 153 
 STARK 
 
 A. G. (Lieut.), 900 
 
 Adolphus, 760 
 
 Albert G., 341, 760 
 
 Denton D., 760 
 
 Elizabeth, 758(2) 
 
 Elizabeth Glenn, 7bu 
 
 Isaac, 757. '''58(2), i9 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 STARK continued 
 
 Isaac Andtew, 760 
 
 Isaac M. , 758 
 
 James , 7'58 
 
 James, 582 
 
 James, 583(2), 759 
 
 Maggie, 760 
 
 Martha, 759 
 
 Nancy Jane, 760 
 
 Newell Duncan, 760 
 
 Sarah, 757, 758, 760 
 STASKHEATHER 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 STARLEY 
 
 Ged«ge, 341 
 STABSET 
 
 Game, 592 
 
 John, 592 
 STATE 
 
 Joseph, 239 
 STATLER 
 
 & Maimon Co., 799 
 
 Andrew, 225, 434, 440 
 
 John, 394 
 
 Nancy, 836 
 
 Samuel, 244 
 
 Susannah, 709(2) 
 STATLERS 
 
 (the), 543, 559 
 STAUFFER 
 
 Anna, , 779(2) 
 
 Annie, 541 
 
 Clara C. , 888 
 
 Issac, 888 
 
 Jacob, 241, 779 
 
 Mary E. (Mrs.), 780 
 
 Sarah, 888 
 STNUT 
 
 Adam, 785 
 STEAHLEY 
 
 J. H. (Dr.), 889 
 STECB 
 
 George, 462 
 STECK 
 
 Alda E., 870 
 
 Elizabeth, 870 
 
 Florence A., 870 
 
 George, 870 
 
 Ida A. C, 870 
 
 John Michael, 313 
 
 John Michael (Rev.), 489, 
 576 
 
 L. Ella, 870 
 
 Lillie F.,. 870 
 
 Luther R., 870 
 
 Lydia T., 870 
 
 ffartin L.r 870(2) 
 
 Mary, 870 
 
 May R. , 870 
 
 Nancy, 870 
 
 Nellie B., 860 
 
 Philip R., 870 
 
 Susanna, 870 
 
 W. Clarence, 870 
 STEEL 
 
 Hugh, 580 
 
 John, 580, 596, 600 
 
 Thomas, 579 
 STEELE 
 
 George, 609 
 
 STEELE continued 
 
 (Gen.), 760 
 
 (Mr.), 162, 153 
 
 John (Capt.), 180 
 
 John (Rev.), 166(2), 189, 
 424, 514 
 
 MaiTgaret B., 921 
 
 Michael, 609 
 
 Win. C, 609 
 STEEN 
 
 Alexander, 149 
 
 Adick, 149 
 STEIGER 
 
 Adam (Sr.), 520 
 STEIGER 
 
 George, , 360 
 
 George C, 435, 526(2) 
 
 George C. (Sr.), 520 
 
 John, 520 
 STEINER 
 
 family, 929 
 
 John, 145, 589 
 STEINERS 
 
 , 145 
 
 STE15 
 
 Fred, 492 
 STENGER 
 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 & Duncan, 535 
 
 & McKnight, 543, 739 
 
 Charlotte, 885 
 
 Christiana, 885 
 
 Christiana (Mrs.), 885 
 
 Christian, 575 
 
 Conrad, 570, 877 
 
 Conrad (Sr.), 570 
 
 George M. , 421, 435, 885 
 (2j 
 
 Hannah Mary, 885 
 
 Harriet, 885 
 
 Helen M. Reid, 679 
 
 John, 885 
 
 Loudon, 885 
 
 Martha, 885 
 
 Martha Ann, 885 
 
 Matilda, 877, 885 
 
 P. (Mr.), 877 
 
 Peter, 265, 570, 885(2) 
 
 Peter (Hon.), 570 
 
 W. S., 390, 570, 536 
 
 W. S. (Hon.), 543, 555, 
 679 
 
 William S., 214, 254, 393 
 421, 885 
 STENGEKS 
 
 (the)v 575 
 STENZEL 
 
 (Rev.), 496 
 STEPHENS 
 
 Alexander H. (Hon.), 351 
 
 Jacob, 530 
 
 James, 594 
 STEPHENSON 
 
 Alexander, 182 
 
 Denny, 463 
 
 John, 463, 577 
 
 John (Jr.), 453 
 
 Nathan, 182 
 
 William, 577 
 STEPHEY 
 
 -111- 
 
 STEPHEY continued 
 
 Anna Maria, 952 
 
 Daniel, 953 
 
 Elizabeth, 952, 963 
 
 George, 952, 962 
 
 George W. , 962, 963 
 
 Mary, 953 
 
 Mary Ann, 952 
 
 Oscar, 963 
 
 Levi, 352 
 STERRBT 
 
 Mary, 594 
 STERRETT 
 
 Abby Catherine, 826 
 
 Alexander, 146 
 
 Benjamin, 509, 826 
 
 John, 245 
 
 John A. , 420 
 
 William G., 229 
 STEUBEN 
 
 (Gen.), 181 
 STEVENS 
 
 (Capt.), 773 
 
 (Mr.), 235 
 
 (Mrs.), 529 
 
 (Rev.), 607 
 
 Aaron D. , 323 
 
 Alanson J. (Capt.), 354 
 
 David, 492 
 
 Jacob, 531(4) 
 
 John, 595 
 
 Joshua, 531 
 
 Richard, 155, 569 
 
 Thaddeus, 233, 235, 365 
 
 Thaddeus (Hon.), 755, 
 854 
 
 Wm. , 525 
 STEVENSON 
 
 Daniel, 243 
 
 George, 184, 555, 582, 
 609 
 
 James, 588 
 
 James H., 553 
 
 John, 236, 243, 587 
 
 Joseph, 184, 587 
 
 Nath., 182 
 
 Nathaniel, 185 
 
 Thomas, 596 
 
 Wm., 479 
 STEVER 
 
 William (Sr.), 560 
 STEVICK 
 
 Jacob, 241 
 STEVINSON 
 
 Joseph, 585 
 STEWARD 
 
 John, 421, 506 
 STEWART 
 
 (Dr.), 274(2) 
 
 (Mr.), 195, 335, 595 
 
 (Mrs.), 751 
 
 Alexander, 244, 431, 434, 
 481, 573, 792 
 
 Alexander (Dr.), 273, 595, 
 792 
 
 Alfred, 760 
 
 & Kennedy, 677 
 
 Charles, 154, -!44, 587 
 
 Charles (Mrs.), 153 
 
 Charlotte B., 654 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 STEWART 
 
 Carrie A. , 761 
 
 Catherine, 772 
 
 Daniel, 772 
 
 David A. ,761(2) 
 
 Davis, 761(2) 
 
 Edward F., 420 
 
 Elizabeth, 695, 772 
 
 G. E. (Dr.), 760 
 
 George, 312, 772 
 
 Gmrge E., 224, 294 
 
 Henrietta, 751 
 
 Homer, 761 
 
 J. H. (Rev.), 544, 546 
 
 Jacob, 761 
 
 JanES, 592, 597(3), 598 
 
 Jane, 760 
 
 Jane Holmes Larmour, 695 
 
 John, 241, 344, 390, 391 
 393, 395, 433, 463, 465 
 481, 695, 761, 699, 
 
 , 834. 
 
 John (Hon.), 473 
 
 John H., 860 
 
 Joseph, 568 
 
 Juliana, 761 
 
 Louisa, 760 
 
 Margaret, 761(2) 
 Maria E., 761 
 Martha 617(2) 
 Mary E. , 761 
 Mary S., 834 
 Maude, 761 
 Nannie E., 793 
 Rebecca, 761 
 Roljert, 617 
 Simon, 761(2) 
 T. J., 481 
 Thomas, 223 
 W. H., 436, 566, 567 
 Ward, 761 
 Watson, 760 
 
 William, 240, 243, 578 
 William Bell (Rev.), 550 
 William J., 479 
 Wilson, 480 
 STEWARTS 
 
 (the), 597 
 STICK 
 
 Frederick, 609 
 STICKEL 
 
 Michael, 544 
 STICKELL 
 i Fuss, 712 
 Elizabeth, 915 
 Henry, 915 
 John H., 915 
 John N. , 963 
 Joseph, 712, 963 
 Rachel, 963 
 Samuel C. , 915 
 STICKLE 
 
 John, 446 
 STIFFEY 
 
 Philip, 560 
 STILL 
 
 John, 590 
 John W., 583 
 STILLINGER 
 Jacob, 596 
 
 STINE 
 
 Alexander, 695 
 Esther, 695 
 Harriet, 710 
 Isaac, 389, 441, 695 
 J., 525 
 John, 609 
 Michael, 563 
 Philip, 563 
 STINER 
 
 I. L., 440 
 M. H., 543 
 STINGER 
 
 Benjamin, 225 
 Conrad, 243 
 George, 201, 585 
 Jacob, 879 
 Kezia, 879 
 Margaret, 879 
 STINSON 
 Wm. , 596 
 Mn., 585 
 STITT 
 
 (Widow), 560 
 Agnes, 741 
 J. A., 830 
 James, 590 
 Jane, 739 
 John, 744 
 John W., 741 
 Mary, 744 
 Sam''l., 590 
 William, 182, 340, 
 571, 590 
 STITZEL 
 
 George, 335, 343 
 William, 182, 340, 571 
 
 590 
 George, 335, 343 
 William, 911 
 STITZELL 
 
 William, 908 
 STOANER 
 
 John, 153 
 STOCK 
 J. Philip (Rev.), 576 
 Jacob (Rev.), 490 
 Philip (Rev.), 493 
 STOCKS LECER 
 
 S. S., 342 
 STOCKTON 
 
 Thomas, 587 
 STOEY 
 Anna, 832 
 Oliver P., 293 
 Clara Mabel, 832 
 George W. , 832 
 George Wilbur, 832 
 John Eckridge, 832 
 0. P. (Dr.), 831 
 Oliver Paul, 832 
 Rachel, 832(2) 
 William, 831 
 STOKES 
 
 Polly (Mrs.), 223 
 STOLER. 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 STOLL 
 
 Henry, 556 
 John, 594 
 
 -112- 
 
 STONDAGLE 
 
 Matthias, 342 
 STONE 
 
 "Daddy" (Rev.), 525 
 Joseph, 492 
 STONEBROKER 
 (Mr.), 736 
 Adam, 244 
 & Miller Co., 736 
 & Ziegler Co. , 736 
 STONEHOUSE 
 
 H., 534(2) 
 STONER 
 
 Abraham, 196, 223, 531(2), 
 
 590 
 Abram, 531 
 Alice, 801 
 Amos, 801 
 Anna (Mrs.), 767 
 -Catherine, 802 
 Christiana, 801 
 D. E., 604 
 
 David, 194, 531, 589(2), 590 
 David E., 341 
 Elizabeth, 899 
 Frank, 801 
 H. K., 266 
 Harry, 552 
 Henry, 590, 801 
 Henry S., 202 
 Isaac, 801 
 J. H., 534. 
 J. W., 534 
 Jacob, 531, 802 
 Jacob B., 801 
 Jacob S, , 801 
 John, 153, 182, 244, .341, 
 
 394, 531, 589, 604 
 John W., 230 
 Kate, 801 
 M.C. & Co., 868 
 Magdalena, 727(2), 729 
 Margaret, 887 
 Martha,- 801 
 Mary Ann, 196, 929 
 Michael, 230, 531 
 Michael H., 343(2) 
 Michael M., 230 
 Nancy, 899 
 Paul, 801 
 Peter, 544 
 Rebecca, 954 
 Susan, 926 
 STOONKING 
 
 John, 560 
 STOOP 
 
 Andrew, 589 
 STOOPS 
 
 James , 590 
 John, 182 
 Mary, 560 
 Thoa., 590 
 STOTLAR 
 Bui., 560 
 Gasper, 560 
 Jacob, 185, 560 
 John, 560 
 Saml,, 560 
 STOTTER 
 
 Emanuel, 561 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 STOTTER continued 
 
 Samuel, 561 
 STOUCHS 
 
 (the), 445 
 STOUFFER 
 
 Abraham, 832, 957 
 
 Abram, 206, 209 
 
 Amos, 211 
 
 Andrew, 589, 832 
 
 Anna, 802 
 
 Barbara, 832 
 
 Barbara A., 832(2) 
 
 Betsey, 832 
 
 C S 957 
 
 Catherine, 731, 732, 832 
 
 (2) 
 Charles, 832 
 Christian, 265, 832 
 D. A., 529 
 Daniel, 577 
 David, 351, 832 
 Ellas, 832(2) 
 Elizabeth, 832 
 Enma, 832 
 Fannie, 832(2) 
 Flora, 832 
 Harry M. , 832 
 Henry, 811, 832 
 Isaiah, 832 
 J., 210 
 Jacob, 801, 802, 832, 
 
 (4), 888, 948 
 John, 203, 832(2) 
 Lincoln, 832 
 Margaret, 832, 888 
 Margery, 832 
 Maria, 961 
 Martha, 801 
 Mary, 811 
 Mary A., 832 
 Mary Ann, 888 
 Nancy, 832(2) 
 Peter, 832, 833 
 Sarah, 832 
 STOUFFERS 
 
 . 315 
 STOVER 
 
 Anna M., 871 
 Christian, 555 
 D., 535 
 
 Daniel (Rev.). 535 
 David, 535 
 
 Elizabeth, 871, 889, 943 
 George, 929 
 George (Dr.)> 560 
 J. H., 724 
 Jacob, 552, 560(2) 
 Jacob A., 349 
 Jennie (Mrs.), 540 
 John, 871 
 John R., 230 
 STRICKLER 
 
 Julia Ann (Mrs.), 569 
 STOVER 
 Margaret, 723 
 Michael, 590, 889 
 Michael (Mrs.), 889 
 Peter, 590 
 Saml., 561 
 Susan, 778 
 
 STOVER continued 
 Susanna, 196 
 
 William, 346, 535, 560, 
 723 
 
 William (Rev.), 535 
 STOY 
 
 William, 831 
 STRAIN 
 
 John, 149, 566 
 
 William, 594 
 STRALEY 
 
 Jacob, 324 
 
 John , 464 
 STRALY 
 
 M. W., 482(3) 
 STRATIFF 
 
 Jacob, 349 
 STRAWBRIDGE 
 
 Martha, 920 
 STREALY 
 
 J. C, 481 
 
 John, 463 
 STREIB 
 
 Susan, 699 
 STRETE 
 
 Mary B., 725 
 
 S. J., 725 
 STRICKER 
 
 (Mr.), 756 
 STRICKLEY 
 
 (Mr.), 260 
 STRICKLER 
 
 A. H. , 291(4), 292(2) 
 532 
 
 A. H. (Dr.), 534, '541, 
 928, 934 
 
 Abraham, 802 
 
 Abraham H., 292, 732, 
 733 
 
 Abraham H. (Dr.), 963 
 
 Abram, 909(2) 
 
 Amos, 802(2) 
 
 Anna, 802 
 
 Anna M. , 733 
 
 Anna M. Fleming, 712 
 
 Arthur Fleming, 733 
 
 Barbara, 732 
 
 Belle, 963 
 
 Catheiine, 802 
 
 Clara, 934 
 
 Clara Anna, 963 
 
 Daniel, 802 
 
 David, 802 
 
 David A., 294 
 
 Elizabeth, 732 
 
 family, 732 
 
 Harry Clark, 963 
 
 Helen (Mrs.), 546 
 
 Henry, 202, 346, 712, 
 732(3), 733, 802, 
 963 
 
 Henry (Rev.), 535 
 
 Jacob, 211, 563, 801, 
 802(2) 
 
 John, 802 
 
 Joseph, 732, 733, 963 
 
 Joseph B., 336, 732 
 Kate, 801 
 Martha, 732, 959 
 Mary, 732, 733, 802(2) 
 
 -1X3- 
 
 STRICKLER continued 
 
 Mary cont., 963 
 
 Mary Ida, 733 
 
 Sarah, 732 
 
 Snively, 212, 421, 732 
 
 Susan, 732 
 STRIMB 
 
 Henry, 561 
 STRIKE 
 
 Jonathan, 225, 226 
 STRING 
 
 Simon, 590 
 STRITE 
 
 Annie E. , 732 
 
 Christian, 73 
 
 David, 546 
 
 George, 464 
 STROCK 
 
 (Mr.), 696 
 
 Adam, 915 
 
 Adam M. , 915 
 
 Annie, 696 
 
 Barbara E., 684 
 
 Catharine, 696 
 
 Clara E., 916 
 
 Eliza, 915 
 
 Elizabeth, 915 
 
 Henry, 695 
 
 Henry B., 800 
 
 Jacob, 695, 696 
 
 Lydia, 915 
 
 Sadie, 800 
 
 Sarah, 695 
 STROHIN 
 
 Nicholas (Rev.), 595 
 STRONG 
 
 Jac, 573 
 
 Simon, 573 
 
 Thomas N., 312 
 STRONS 
 
 Juliana, 785 
 STRUBLE 
 
 Daniel, 752 
 
 Margaret, 751 
 
 Mary, 752 
 STDARD 
 
 Charles, 242 
 STUART 
 
 (Col.), 380 
 
 (Gen.), 359, 360, 370 
 735 
 
 (Lieut.), 323 
 
 (Mr.), 360, 361, 365, 
 735 
 
 Alex., 596 
 
 Alex. (Dr.), 596 
 
 Charles, 162, 585 
 
 Daniel, 162 
 
 J. E. B., 323 
 
 J. E. B. (Gen.), 356, 375, 
 891 
 
 J. E. B. (Lieut.), (Gen.) 
 
 365 
 James, 572, 585, 596 
 "Jeb", 871, 873 
 John, 587 
 
 Oliver S. (Rev.), 549 
 William, 578 
 STUDY 
 
 Christopher, 609 
 
History of Franklin Coimty, Pennsylvania 
 
 STUDY continued 
 
 John P., 352 
 STUFF 
 
 George, 239 
 Hezeklah, 249 
 Nich, 560 
 STULL 
 
 C. C, 954 
 Jacob, 612(2) 
 John, 592(2) 
 John I., 419 
 Ludwick, 590 
 Ludwug, 612 
 Margaret, 850 
 Mary, 612 
 Rebecca, 954 
 STULLS 
 
 (the), 612 
 STULTZ 
 
 Herman, 590 
 STUMBACH 
 (Miss), 921 
 Sarah, 784 
 STUMBAUGH 
 (Col.), 339 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 F. S., 324, 390, 395 
 Frederick, 241, 585, 595 
 Frederick S., 335, 420 
 Frederick S. (Col.), 341 
 Thos., 471 
 STUMH 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 STUMP 
 
 Jacob, 349, 590 
 David M. , 249 
 Frederick, 463 
 John, 152, 493 
 Philip, 573, 612 
 STUMP AUGH 
 
 Lorrance, 594 
 Philip, 594 
 Jacob, 594 
 Peter, 594 
 STUMPS 
 Adam, 574 
 John, 574 
 Philip, 574 
 STUPEL 
 
 (Mr.), 463 
 STUFGIS 
 
 Thomas, 225 
 STUTSMAN 
 
 Daniel, 592 
 STYLES 
 
 Timothy, 179 
 SUBER 
 
 Andrew, 566 
 SUESSERCTT 
 (Dr.), 696 
 (Mr.), 463 
 C. A., 596 
 Charles, 421 
 Chas. A., 214 
 J. L., 212, 291(6), 292 
 
 (7), 325 
 J. L. (Dr.), 266(2), 390, 
 
 454, 469, 470 
 Jacob L. , 293 
 Jacob Lewis (Dr.), 696 
 
 SUESSEROTT continued 
 Julia E. Smith, 696 
 L. F., 292(4), 696 
 Lewis F., 293 
 SUFFECOOL 
 
 Henry, 240 
 SUGARS 
 
 Zachariah, 596 
 SULLENBERGER 
 
 William H., 349 
 SULLIVAN 
 
 Patrick, 179 
 Timothy, 341 
 SUMMER 
 
 Benjamin R. , 229 
 SUMMERS 
 
 Catherine, 930 
 Elmira, 771 
 Fredk., 560, 561 
 George, 571 
 Jacob, 590, 930 
 Matthias, 590 
 Michael, 575 
 Philip, 771 
 SUHHERVILLE 
 
 Matilda, 890 
 SUMNER 
 
 Abigail P., 663 
 Charles, 421 
 SUPER 
 
 H. W, (Rev.), 536, 591 
 SUTTEY 
 
 Joseph, 242 
 SWAB 
 Jacob W. , 733 
 Sarah E., 733 
 SWAILES 
 
 William, 169 
 SWAIN 
 
 (Mr.), 460 
 Benjamin, 596 
 Elizabeth, 797 
 SWAN 
 
 (Widow), 154 
 John, 154, 162 
 Joseph, 577, 578, 588 
 Joshua, 162 
 Moses, 596 
 Moses H., 239 
 William, 162, 578, 588 
 SWANEY 
 Henry, 565 
 John, 235 
 SWANGER 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Anna N. D. , 832 
 
 D. D., 225, 299, 435, 586 
 
 832 
 Daniel D., 833 
 David B., 832 
 Elizabeth A., 833 
 Harry D., 832 
 Henry, 833 
 John, 241 
 John D., 832 
 John P., 833 
 Malinda, 833 
 Margaret M. , 833 
 Mary A., 833 
 Mary E., 225, 832 
 
 -114- 
 
 SWANGER continued 
 Nancy C, 833 
 Sarah J., 833 
 Susan C. , 833 
 Wilbur, 832 
 William E., 832 
 SWANK 
 
 Christopher, 609 
 George W., 224(2)., 226 
 SWARTZ 
 
 Clara, 899, 906, 915 
 George, 310 
 John, 493 
 Magdalena, 390 
 SWEENEY 
 
 James, 224(2) 
 SWEENY 
 
 James, 201, 224 
 John, 202 
 SWENTZEL 
 
 Henry C. (Rev.), 499 
 SWERT 
 
 S. A., 481 
 SWETIZER 
 
 Sarah, 655 
 SWIFT 
 
 Daniel D. , 344 
 SWIGART 
 
 Catharine, 867 
 Christian, 857 
 George, 857, 867 
 Mary, 857 
 Mary J., 857 
 SWIGERT 
 
 Catherine, 717 
 Chris tiley, 905 
 George, 717 
 Henrietta, 875 
 Jacob A., 225 
 Manr, 805, 905 
 Michael, 905 
 Peachey, 459 
 SWINIE 
 
 Robert, 182 
 SWI5CHER 
 
 Peter, 352 
 SWISHER 
 
 Jaco b, 590 
 Jacob H., 345 
 Mary, 544 
 SWITZER 
 
 J., 462 
 SWOPE 
 
 Peter, 590 
 Samuel, 241 
 SWORD 
 
 Jacob, 869 
 Mary, 869 
 Sarah, 860 
 SYBERT 
 
 John, 243 
 SYKES 
 
 George, 371 
 John (Rev.), 563 
 John H., 549 
 SUMNS 
 
 James, 179 
 SYMONS 
 
 Wm. , 535 
 TACY 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 TACY continued 
 
 Thomas, 560 
 TAGGART 
 
 S. A. (Rev.), 482 
 TAGGOT 
 
 Jphn H., 340 
 TAIT 
 
 James, 154 
 
 John, 155 
 TALBOT 
 
 (Maj.), 274 
 
 (Mr.), 199 
 
 Jeremiah, 193, 200, 202, 
 403, 459 
 TAIJiOTT 
 
 J'hremiah, 578, 596 
 
 Jeremiah (Capt.). 181 
 
 Jeremiah (Capt.), 182 
 TALHELM 
 
 John W., 482(3) 
 TAHEYHIIX 
 
 Thomas, 582 
 TANKENLEY 
 
 John R. , 354 
 TANNAHILL 
 
 (Gen.), 236 
 TANNER 
 
 (Mr.), 543 
 TATE 
 
 Elizabeth, 594 
 
 James F., 294 
 
 Samuel H., 420 
 TAYLOER 
 
 John, 578 
 William, 155 
 TAYLOR 
 
 (Gen.), 715 
 
 (Mr.), 323. 476 
 
 (President), 441 
 
 Amelia, 618 
 
 Andrew, 585, 588 
 
 Andrew E., 592 
 
 Andrew J., 748 
 
 Anna M. , 707 
 
 Bayard, 763 
 
 C. H., 465 
 
 Casper, 761, 833 
 
 Charles H., 421, 465 
 
 Clara I., 833 
 
 David, 761 
 
 Eben, 172, 173 
 
 Edmondson, 763 
 
 Elizabeth, 664 
 
 Emeline, 761 
 
 Emma, 833 
 
 Franklin, 761, 762 
 
 Franklin E., 733 
 
 George, 833 
 
 George E., 833 
 
 George M. , 761(3) 
 
 Hannah, 750, 761, 762 
 
 Ida, 761, 762, (2) 
 
 Isaac, 842 
 
 Isabella, 761, 833 
 
 J. E., 475 
 
 J. W., 266 
 
 Jackson, 761(2) 
 
 James, 240, 350 
 
 Jane, 748 
 
 John. 151, 155, 229, 568 
 
 TAYLOR continued 
 
 John cont., 569, 588, 
 590, 761(2) 
 
 John M., 833 
 
 John W., 202, 265, 266, 
 390, 421 
 
 Joseph C, 349 
 
 K. S., 201 
 
 K. Shannon, 335, 421 
 
 K. Shannon (Capt.), 354 
 
 Laura, 776 
 
 Margaret A., 761 
 
 Margaret J., 750 
 
 Martha, 761 
 
 Martin, 761(2) 
 
 Mary A., 830 
 
 Mary Ann, 833 
 
 Mary B., 761 
 
 Mary E., 833 
 
 Nancy, 761(3), 833 
 
 Peggy, 761 
 
 Pelsey, 761 
 
 Polly, 761 
 
 Richard, 560 
 
 Robert, 340, 761 
 
 Robert H., 833 
 
 Samuel, 209, 226, 
 761, 830, 833 
 
 Samuel W. , 833 
 
 Stuart, 323 
 
 Thomas, 750 
 
 William, 239, 569, 580, 
 761 
 TEACH 
 
 Bessie, 964 
 
 Clifford, 964 
 
 Bnma, 964 
 
 Gracie, 964 
 
 Helen, 964 
 
 John, 964 
 
 Laura, 964 
 
 Lee, 964 
 
 Lottie, 964 
 
 Mary, 964 
 
 Peter, 240 
 
 W. W., 964 
 TEAL 
 
 E., 585 
 TEATIAN 
 
 C. C, 551 
 TECUMSETH 
 
 Catherine, 893 
 
 Hannah, 893 
 
 William, 893 
 TEECH 
 
 Henry, 589 
 TEISHEE 
 
 Cora, 714 
 
 Jacob, 714 
 TELL 
 
 William, 655 
 TEMPLETON 
 
 David, 878 
 
 Eliza M. , 878 
 
 Janett, 738 
 
 John, 738 
 
 Margaretta R., 878 
 
 Mary, 822, 824 
 
 Samuel, 155, 515, 569, 
 610 
 
 -115- 
 
 TEMPLETON continued 
 
 William, 578 
 TENNANT 
 
 Wm., 596 
 TENNENT 
 
 Thomas, 578 
 
 Wm. (Rev.), 586 
 TENNER 
 
 & Davis Co., 735 
 TENNYSON 
 
 (Mr.), 423 
 TERRENCE 
 
 Alvard, 154 
 TEST 
 
 Israel, 421 
 THELMAN 
 
 Thomas, 575 
 THIEL 
 
 J. W., 546 
 THOLL 
 
 John, 464 
 THOMAS 
 
 (Gen.), 567, 721 
 
 C. F., 540 
 
 Garge H., 339 
 
 Henry, 588 
 
 Henry A., 299, 586 
 
 John, 265, 302, 590 
 
 Joseph, 336, 341 
 
 R. P. (Rev.), 570 
 
 Sam'l., 590 
 
 William B. (Col.), 961 
 THOMPSON 
 
 (Capt.), 165 
 
 (Col.), 180 
 
 (Judge), 463 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 311 
 
 (Rev.), 311 
 
 A., 210 
 
 Agnes, 893 
 
 Alexander, 416, 420, 585 
 
 Alex. (Hon.), 415 
 
 Andrew, 560, 604 
 
 Archibald, 964 
 
 Catharine, 668 
 
 David, 520 
 ,- Polph, 323, (2) _ 
 
 E, J. (Mrs.), 326 
 ~ Edward, ^06 ~ 
 
 Eleanor J., 770 
 
 Elizabeth, 596 
 
 Frederick, 888 
 
 George, 578 
 
 Harriet, 888 
 
 Henry, 206 
 
 Hugh, 183(2) 
 
 Isaac, 668 
 
 Isaac H., 225 
 
 J. F., 964 
 
 J. H. (Judge), 326 
 
 J. R., 246 
 
 James, 241, 588 
 
 Jas. Mac, 342 
 
 Jane, 921 
 
 John, 183, 225, 351, 
 
 409, 560, 566, 574, 578(2) 
 588(3) 
 
 Joseph, 223 
 
 Margaret, 897 
 
 Mary, 964 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 THOMPSON continued 
 Millard, 893 
 Moses, 559, 560 
 Robert, 243, 556, 560, 
 
 578 
 Ross, 404, 405, 419 
 Ross, (Esq.), 596 
 Samuel, 265, 311(2), 484 
 
 578, 588, 596 
 Susie B., 390 
 Thomas, 588 
 William, 182, 189, 323(2) 
 
 578(2) 
 William (Col.), 179, 284 
 864 
 William I., 229 
 
 William J. G., 229 
 THOMPSONS 
 
 (the), 323, 897 
 THOMSON 
 Anna, 785 
 Alexander, 175, 599, 600 
 
 769, 785(2) 
 Alexander (Jr.), 420 
 Andrew, 204, 302(2), 599 
 
 Anthony, 153 
 Archibald, 598 
 Clara B., 788 
 Emma, 776 
 Frank, 433 
 Hannah, 788 
 Henry, 154 
 James, 769 
 John, 531, 785 
 John (Col.), 274 
 Joseph, 154 
 Katarine, 153 
 McLeod, 776 
 Moses, 153 
 Samuel, 788 
 THOMSONS 
 
 (the), 597, 599(2) 
 THORN 
 
 Edward, 154 
 James, 578 
 John, 574 
 Joseph, 578 
 Thomas, 587 
 Wto., 596 
 THRALLMAN 
 
 Henry, 574 
 THRUSH 
 
 D. W. , 421, 767 
 John, 525, 609 
 Mary A., 767 
 Susan, 683 
 TICE 
 
 Barbara, 544 
 Joseph, 241 
 Michael, 544 
 TILGHMAN 
 
 William, 402 
 TILLARD 
 
 William, 236 
 TILLEY 
 
 John H., 349 
 TIMMONS 
 
 Peter, 240 
 TINGES 
 
 A. Sargeant, 29u 
 
 TINS LEY 
 
 Tip (Corporal), 359 
 TIPPER 
 
 Charles, 182, 509 
 TOBEY 
 
 W. 0. (Rev.), 495 
 TOD 
 
 (Mr.), 626 
 TODD 
 
 Addison P., 349 
 John, 182, 242, 416 
 TOLBERT 
 
 JEremiah, 596 
 Robert E., 229, 390 
 W. E., 266 
 William E., 480 
 TOLHELM 
 
 Catherine, 835 
 TOLSTON 
 Ellen, 927 
 J., 927 
 TOMS 
 
 George W, , 202, 226 
 James, 585 
 TOMS 
 
 John, 614 
 Samuel, 612 
 William H., 351 
 TOOMBS 
 
 , 334 
 
 TOCN 
 
 James , 588 
 TOOPS 
 
 Henry, 585 
 TORRANCE 
 
 Albert, 585 
 Hugh, 585 
 Wm., 585 
 TORRENCE 
 
 Albert, 185, 585, 598 
 Hugh, 420 
 TORRENCES 
 
 (the), 599 
 TOTTON 
 
 John, 183 
 TOWNS END 
 
 D. (Rev.), 499 
 TRACY 
 
 Francis L. , 350 
 J. C, 534(2) 
 John C, 345 
 TRAHER 
 
 Adam, 899 
 TRASH 
 
 Jacob, 182 
 TRATE 
 
 Catherine, 904 
 TRAXLER 
 
 Wm. , 567 
 TRAYER 
 
 Henry, 463 
 TRIAR 
 
 Michael W. (Capt.), 346 
 TRIBELE 
 
 John, 182 
 TRIETSK 
 
 Adam, 491 
 TRIMBLE 
 
 (Gov.), 326 
 lames, 56h 
 
 -116- 
 
 TRINDLE 
 
 Davidl 241 
 TRIPNER 
 
 Alexander, 549 
 TRITLE 
 
 Alice Belle, 964 
 Caroline, 678 
 Daniel, 532, 535, 964 
 Elizabeth, 570 
 Elizabeth A., 964 
 Emma, 964 
 F. A., 420 
 George , 964 
 Jacob, 574 
 John, 203, 206, 469 
 John C, 209, 225 
 Maria, 729(2) 
 Martha, 693, 801, 964 
 Mary, 729 
 Philip, 570, 964 
 Rebecca, 800 
 TRITLER 
 
 John, 242 
 TRITLES 
 
 (the), 575 
 TRITT 
 
 Onma C, 830 
 Juliana, 830 
 Samuel, 830 
 TRITTE 
 
 George W. , 340 
 TRITTLE 
 
 David, 243 
 George, 226 
 TROGLER 
 
 Christine, 885 
 David Edgar, 886 
 Gottleib, 885 
 Harvey Ellis, 886 
 Ida May, 886 
 John Calvin, 886 
 Mary, 886 
 
 Milton Ellsworth, 886 
 Minnie Grace, 886 ' 
 Susannah, 886 
 W. A., 885 
 William Elmer, 886 
 TROOPH 
 
 David, 585 
 TROSTLE 
 
 Daniel, 265, 390 
 TROT 
 
 John, 816 
 Maggie, 816 
 TROTTER 
 
 Wm., 588 
 TROUGH 
 
 Peter, 592 
 Peter (Jr.), 592 
 TROUSDALE 
 
 Elizabeth, 758 
 TROUT 
 
 George, 596 
 Jacob S . , 345 
 M., 463 
 
 Michael, 455, 596 
 Philip, 596 
 TROUTMAN 
 
 Johanes, 521 
 TROXELl 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 TROXELL continued 
 
 UNGER continued 
 
 Ellas S., 346(2) 
 
 A. J. (Jr.), 886 
 
 TRUNX 
 
 Aaron J. , 886 
 
 Susan, 878 
 
 Abraham, 563 
 
 TUCKER 
 
 Anna J., 886 
 
 Dan, 446 
 
 Barbara E., 886 
 
 TURNER 
 
 Barbara Ellen, 886 
 
 William, 244, 566 
 
 Benjamin E. , 886 
 
 TUCHY 
 
 Blanch E., 886 
 
 A. G., 744 
 
 Conrad, 592 
 
 Annie C, 744 
 
 D. F., 292(4) 
 
 TURNEY 
 
 D. W., 886 
 
 Elizabeth, 703 
 
 David, 886 
 
 TYDD 
 
 David F., 293 
 
 , 323 
 
 George, 592 
 
 Charles P., 323 
 
 Henry, 241 
 
 TYLER 
 
 John E., 886 
 
 (Gen.), 344, 681 
 (Mr.), 667, 681, 703, 
 
 Mary , 886 
 
 Mary V. , 886 
 
 725 
 
 UNSTEDT 
 
 E. B. (Gen.), 442 
 
 George, 594 
 
 TYPER 
 
 UPPERMAN 
 
 Andrew, 741 
 
 John, 779 
 
 Margaretta, 741 
 
 Margaret, 779 
 
 Eleanor, 748 
 
 URICH 
 
 Robert E., 224 
 
 James, 579 
 
 William, 748 
 
 URIE 
 
 TYPES 
 
 Robert, 154 
 
 Susan, 762 
 
 Thomas , 154 
 
 UART 
 
 URR 
 
 Robert, 154 
 
 John, 223 
 
 UGLOW 
 
 URY 
 
 (Mr.), 697 
 (Mrs.), 697 
 
 Robert, 597 
 
 UTLEY 
 
 Benjamin, 696 
 
 (Miss), 740 
 
 Elizabeth, 697(2) 
 
 UTTZ 
 
 Mary, 696 
 
 William, 224 
 
 Nicholas, 696 
 
 VACCINE 
 
 Prudence, 696 
 
 Jenner, 441 
 
 Rebecca, 697(2) 
 
 VALENTINE 
 
 UHT.ER 
 
 John T., 223 
 
 Elizabeth, 934 
 
 VAN ARSDALE 
 
 George, 934 
 
 W. W., 609 
 
 ULERY 
 
 VAN BUREN 
 
 Henry M. , 349 
 
 (Mr.), 446 
 
 John M, , 349 
 
 Martin, 724 
 
 ULLER 
 
 VANCE 
 
 George, 239 
 
 D., 340 
 
 George, 244 
 
 Elizabeth, 574 
 
 ULLING 
 
 Jacob L. (Rev,), 570 , ^ 
 John, 210(2), 274, 573(3) 
 
 John, 592 
 
 John, 592 
 
 919 
 
 ULRICH 
 
 Margaret, 919 
 
 Elizabeth, 933 
 
 Mary, 919(2) 
 
 John George, 933 
 
 Patrick, 193, 312, 
 483, 573(2) 
 
 UMBRELL 
 
 Geo. (Sr.), 606 
 
 VANCY 
 
 Mathew, 606 
 
 Jacob L., 526 
 
 UMHOLTZ 
 
 VANDERAU 
 
 Daniel V., 351 
 
 A. R. (Miss), 643 
 
 "UNCLE 
 
 William, 643 
 
 Tom", 334 
 
 VANDERAW 
 
 UNDERLICH 
 
 William, 244 
 
 John, 225 
 
 VANDERBILT 
 
 UNDERWOOD 
 
 Cornelius (Commodore) 
 
 Olive, 746 
 
 839 
 
 UNGER 
 
 Frank Crawford (Mrs.), 
 
 (Dr.), 514(2) 
 (Mr.), 510 
 
 839 
 
 VANDRAU 
 
 A. J., 878 
 
 Adam, 723 
 
 VANDRAU continued 
 
 Margaret, 717, 723 
 
 Maria, 946 
 
 William, 946 
 VANDYKE 
 
 Hamilton (Rev.), 493, 523, 
 549 
 VAN KIRK 
 
 John, 132 
 VAN LEAR 
 
 Eliza, 897 
 VANLEAR 
 
 J. D., 604 
 
 John, 245 
 
 Matthew Sims, 572 
 
 William, 573 
 
 Joseph, 592(2) 
 VAN SCYOC 
 
 Elizabeth, 761 
 VANTRIES 
 
 (Dr.), 914 
 
 Carrie M. , 914 
 
 Harriet, 914 
 
 John M. , 914 
 VAN TRIES 
 
 Mary,' 873 
 VARDEN 
 
 (Dr.), 736 
 
 Mary B., 736 
 VARNER 
 
 Henry, 184, 580 
 VAUGHAN 
 
 Henry, 183 
 VAUGHN 
 
 Thomas , 179 
 VENABLE 
 
 Richard, 597(3) 
 
 Richard X; , 312 
 VERTUE 
 
 Robert, 578 
 VINLEAR 
 
 William, 574(2) 
 VINSON 
 
 James A., 294 
 VINTON 
 
 Robert S., 492 
 VIRL 
 
 Robert, 472 
 VOORHEES 
 
 Edward, 927 
 
 Emmey Bell Zimmerman (Mrs.) 
 927 
 VOORHES 
 
 Daniel W. (Hon.), 323 
 VORESS 
 
 Abraham, 243 
 WAASON 
 
 John, 569 
 WADDEL 
 
 Thomas, 164 569 
 WADDELL 
 
 Eliza, 881 
 
 Thomas, 206 
 
 William, 587 
 
 Willie, 381 
 WADDLE 
 
 Thomas, 155, 243 
 WADE 
 
 Ebenezer, 597 
 
 Naomi , 7 14 
 
 -117- 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 WADE, continued 
 
 Richard, 714 
 WADILL 
 
 Wm., 585 
 WAGERMAN 
 
 Jacob, 590 
 
 Philip, 590 
 WAGGERLY 
 
 John, 556 
 WAGGONER 
 
 Christina, 844 
 
 Conrad, 596 
 
 Cyrenlus, 809 
 
 Jacob C, 807 
 WAGNER 
 
 , 545 
 
 XnC, 552(2) 
 
 Henry (Rev.), 525 
 
 Margaret, 850 
 
 Wm. A. (Rev.), 601 
 WAGONER 
 
 Caroline, 739 
 
 Casper, 590 
 
 John; 850(2) 
 
 Sarah, 850(2), 905 
 WAID 
 
 James, 154 
 WAIDLICH 
 
 & Bros., 520 
 
 F. C, 526 
 
 H. L., 520, 626 
 
 Henry, 514 
 
 John, 205, 435, 514, 
 520, 526, 529 
 WAKEFIELD 
 
 David, 580 
 WAKEMAN 
 
 C. A. (Miss), 862 
 WALBORN 
 
 Elizabeth, 877 
 WALCH 
 
 Samuel S., 351 
 WALCK 
 
 H. S., 440 
 WALDMAN 
 
 Haimah, 798 
 WALGAMOTE 
 
 John , 464 
 WALK 
 
 F., 266 
 
 Jacob , 346 
 
 Jere, 441 
 WALKER 
 
 (Capt.), 336 
 
 (Mr.), 171, 312 
 
 (Mrs.), 916 
 
 Alexander, 155, 605(2), 
 607, 510, 841, 842, 
 843(2) 
 
 & Skinner, 692 
 
 Andrew, 578 
 
 Ann, 843 
 
 Anna Mary, 838 
 
 Benj . , 580 
 
 Caroline, 943 
 
 Charles L. , 844 
 
 David, 607, 842, 843 
 
 David (Mrs.), 843 
 
 Eleanor, 843, 844 
 
 Emma, 843 
 
 WALKER continued 
 
 family, 935, 842, 843 
 
 Felix, 155 
 
 G. W., 325 
 
 George, 916(2) 
 
 George W. , 345 
 
 Harriet (Mrs.), 535 
 
 Henry, 606 
 
 J. H., 441 
 
 J. H. (Capt.), 171, 592 
 
 Jas., 156, 171, 204, 
 240, 242, 243, 244, 
 312, 394, 580, 585, 
 588, 605, 606, 607, 
 
 842, 843(3) 
 James A. , 844 
 Jane, 916 
 
 John, 204, 206, 241, 
 
 435, 600, 842, 843, 916 
 John (Mrs.), 842 
 John D., 171, 842, 843 
 John D. (Capt.), 354 
 John E., 341, 916 
 John E. (Capt.), 435, 900 
 
 962 
 John Edmund (Capt.), 
 
 535 
 John H., 395, 435, 607 
 John H. (Capt.), 335, 
 
 345, 843 
 John H. (Hon.), 843 
 Margaret, 843 
 Margaret E., 915 
 Martha, 843, 916, 
 
 950 
 Mary, 841, 842, 843 
 Mary C, 844 
 Mary E. , 916 
 R. Lindsay (Col.), 365 
 Rebecca, 916 
 Robert, 184, 505, 842, 
 
 843, 915 
 S., 255 
 
 S. A., 838 
 
 Samuel, 166, 266, 566, 
 580, 605, 610, 842, 
 843(3) 
 
 Samuel (Capt.), 255, 
 351, 843 
 
 Samuel E. , 844 
 
 Samuel G. , 435, 916 
 
 Sarah, 916(2) 
 
 Sarah J., 916 
 
 Susan, 738 
 
 Thomas, 230, 244 
 
 Thomas (Dr.), 535 
 
 Thomas H., 292, 293 
 
 Thomas W. , 916 
 
 W. W. 345 
 
 William, 155, 170, 185 
 
 William H., 844 
 WALKISON 
 
 John, 578 
 WALLACE 
 
 (Mr.), 597(3), 698 
 
 (Mrs.), 697(2) 
 
 (Rev.), 514 
 
 & Kindline, 697 
 
 & Kindline Co., 697 
 
 & McLenegan, 697 
 
 -118- 
 
 WALLACE continued 
 
 Benjamin, 343, 826 
 
 Caroine S. (Mrs.), 780 
 
 Catherine, 784 
 
 David, 155, 569 
 
 David (Lieut.), 354 
 
 Eleanor, 823, 825 
 
 Elijah, 597(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 826 
 
 family, 793 
 
 George, 496, 550 
 
 Harriet, 597, 919 
 
 Irwin Maclay, 827 
 
 Isaac, 597(2) 
 
 James, 155, 245, 569, 580 
 918 
 
 Jane, 784 
 
 Joanna, 835 
 
 John, 153(2), 555, 589(2) 
 590, 793 
 
 John (Jr.), 531 
 
 John (Sr.), 531 
 
 J lin P., 225 
 
 John Price, 793 
 
 Joseph, 243 
 
 Josiah, 242 
 
 Lew (Gen.), 382 
 
 M. E. (Miss), 599 
 
 Martha, 155, 711 
 
 Mary, 697(3), 918 
 
 Mary £., 918 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 826 
 
 Mathew, 569 
 
 Matthew, 155 
 
 McGeehan & Co., 697 
 
 & McLenegan Co . , 597 
 
 Oliver, 155(2), 569, 585 
 
 Rebecca, 697(2) 
 
 Robert 151, 205, 559 
 
 S. T., 526 
 
 S. T. (Rev.), 570 
 
 Sarah, 827 
 
 Thomas, 585, 793 
 
 Thos. H., 434(2) 
 
 William, 274, 310, 390, 
 544, 574, 579, 594, 
 595, 597(3), 784, 823 
 826, 835 
 
 William (Jr.), 229 
 
 William Maclay, 826 
 WALLACHER 
 
 Pierce, 574 
 WALLACK 
 
 George, 244 
 WALLAS 
 
 John, 590 
 
 Thomas, 590 
 WALLER 
 
 Margaret, 807 
 WALLES 
 
 Saml. W., 574 
 
 William, 574 
 
 William, 588 
 WALLS 
 
 John, 491 
 WALMSLEY 
 
 (Dr.), 275 
 
 Thomas (Dr.), 275 
 WALSH 
 
 John, 614 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 WALT 
 
 Christian, 520 
 
 Edward, 520 
 WALTER 
 
 (Mr.), 965 
 
 Amanda G., 965 
 
 & Bonebrake, 440 
 
 & Bonebrake Co., 965 
 
 Bernard, 549 
 
 C. S., 965 
 
 Casper, 555 
 
 Catherine, 965(3) 
 
 Eliza, 716, 717 
 
 Harry, 965 
 
 Jacob, 204, 394 
 
 John, 204, 613, 964, 
 965(2) 
 
 Jonathan, 613 
 
 Joseph, 153, 965 
 
 Joseph F., 226 
 
 Julia, 965 
 
 Luth B., 345 
 
 Margaret, 642, 964 
 
 Mary H. , 965 
 
 Matthias, 549 
 
 Meta, 965 
 
 Peter, 223 
 
 Susan, 965 
 WALTERS 
 
 Richard, 352 
 
 Susat (Mrs.), 925 
 WALTON 
 
 Izaak, 636 
 
 J. B. (Col.), 365 
 WAMPLER 
 
 Laura V., 709 
 
 Lewis, 709 
 WANNER 
 
 Aaron (Rev.), 576 
 
 Catherine, 939 
 WANTZ 
 
 Jacob, 526(2) 
 
 Jacob (Rev), 570 
 WARD 
 
 Edward, 161 
 
 Isaac, 296 
 
 Jeresniah, 594 
 
 John, 579, 580, 585(2) 
 
 John P., 342 
 
 Louisa, 849 
 
 Martha, 588 
 
 Robert B., 343 
 
 William, 580 
 
 William (Jr.), 205 
 WARDEN 
 
 (Mrs.), 463 
 
 James, 243, 462, 577 
 WARDER 
 
 James, 578 
 WARFORD 
 
 Eliza, 827 
 WARNER 
 
 Aaron, 606 
 
 Christine, 791 
 
 family, 791 
 WARNOCK 
 
 William, 580 
 WARRECH 
 
 Michael, 343 
 WARREN 
 
 WARREN continued 
 
 , 324 
 
 (Gen.), 608 
 Isaac, 792 
 Susan, 792 
 Thomas H., 343 
 WARRINER 
 
 Hiram, 340 
 WARTS 
 
 Conrad, 590 
 WASHABAUGH 
 D., 204, 210 
 David, 202, 203, 463 
 E. W., 965, 966 
 Edgard D., 349 
 Margaret, 732, 960 
 Nancy, 965 
 Sue C, 966 
 Upton, 210, 324, 390, 
 
 475 
 William, 965 
 WASHINBORGER 
 Conrad, 596 
 WASHINGTON 
 (Col.), 169 
 (Gen.), 186, 193, 411, 
 439, 454, 543, 588, 
 625, 823, 927, 
 (Mr.), 272 
 
 (President), 191, 409 
 E. Crawford, 420 
 George, 597, 815 
 George (Gen.), 856 
 Read, 413 
 
 Reade, 321, 420, 462, 469 
 474 
 WASSELL 
 
 Abraham, 589 
 WAS SON 
 
 John, 155, 170 
 WATERBURY • 
 
 Isaac S., 335 
 WATERS 
 
 P. E., 525 
 Richard, 345 
 HAIKIMS 
 
 (Dr.), 279 
 
 Thomas G. (Dr.), 280 
 WATSON 
 
 (Col.), 274, 680 
 Aaxon,, 154 
 David, 154, 225, 545 
 Edward, 609 
 Elizabeth, 545, 868 
 family, 680 
 George, 390 
 Isabella, 545 
 James, 202, 230, 389, 
 545, 560, 590, 605, 
 680, 847 
 James (Sr.), 390 
 John, 225, 545, 566(2) 
 Robert, 183, 605 
 Samuel, 184 
 Wm., 566 
 WATSONS 
 
 (the), 543 
 WATT 
 
 John, 149, 594 
 Robert, 182 
 
 -119- 
 
 WATTS 
 
 (Judge), 695 
 
 (Lieut.) (Col.), 359 
 
 (Mr.), 412, 626 
 
 (Mrs.), 850 
 
 David, 411, 419 
 
 Fred, 4P1 
 
 Frederick, 231, 233, 420(2) 
 
 Frederick (Hon.), 232, 
 261, 411, 415, 688 
 
 James, 609, 752 
 
 John, 596 
 
 John B., 243 
 
 Nancy I., 752 
 WAYNANT 
 
 John B., 229(2) 
 WAYNE 
 
 (Gen.), 180, 181, 284 
 
 Anthony (Gen.), 530 
 WEAGLEY 
 
 Christie A., 940 
 
 George, 244 
 
 J. L., 535 
 
 James L. , 351 
 
 Theo. H., 294 
 
 William 0., 940 
 WEAGLY 
 
 Ann, 802 
 
 Catharine E., 933 
 
 Jeremiah, 802 
 
 T. H. (Dr), 802 
 
 William P., 933 
 WEANER 
 
 Margaret, 913 
 WEAR 
 
 Thos., 585 
 WEARY 
 
 Mary, 585 
 WEAVER 
 
 Albert, 834 
 
 Bear & Co., 781 
 
 Benjamin (Dr.), 833(2) 
 
 Charles, 834 
 
 David, 224 
 
 Edgar, 834 
 
 Esrom D. , 229, 833 
 
 Henry, 240, 241 
 
 Henry S., 352 
 
 Jacob, 183, 211, 560, 
 769, 833 
 
 John, 243, 244, 789 
 
 Joseph, 580 
 
 Katie, 834 
 
 Lydia, 769 
 
 Margaret, 780 
 
 Martha, 834 
 
 Mary, 734, 769, 775 
 
 Nancy, 833 
 
 Philip, 780 
 
 Philip D., 225 
 
 Polly, 544 
 
 Samuel, 834 
 
 Sarah, 544 
 
 Susan, 833 
 
 William, 834 
 WEBB 
 
 W. C, 325 
 WEBSTER 
 
 John, 435 
 
 Patience, 693 
 
History of Franklin Covmty, Pennsylvania 
 
 WEBSTER 
 
 T. J. C, 312 
 WEDEKIND 
 
 A. C. (Rev.). 576 
 WEERMAN 
 
 John, 560 
 WEIBEL 
 
 Fredk., 560 
 WEIGHT 
 
 James B., 223 
 WEIDLER 
 
 Catherine, 733 
 
 Daniel, 352 
 
 J. D., 549, 550 
 
 James B. (Rev.), 733 
 
 Reuben, 733 
 
 Sarah E., 733 
 WEIDLICH 
 
 Harry, 835 
 WEIDMAN 
 
 Aaron (Prof.)i 586 
 WEIDNER 
 
 Daniel, 239 
 
 Jacob , 560 
 
 Samuel, 239 
 WEIGER 
 
 John, 796 
 
 Mary, 796 
 WEIKERT 
 
 William H., 342 
 WEIR 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 311 
 
 Abraham, 566 
 
 George, 566 
 anes, 916 
 
 John, 154 
 
 William, 585 
 WEISER 
 
 Reuben (Rev.), 519, 611 
 
 Solomon, 520 
 WEIST 
 
 Elizabeth, 806 
 
 John R., 761 
 
 Rebecca, 761 
 WEITCH 
 
 E, R., 492 
 WEITZEL 
 
 (Mr.), 698 
 
 Anna Mary, 698 
 
 Catherine, 698 
 
 Christiana, 698 
 
 Earnest, 698 
 
 Emma Elizabeth, 698 
 
 Frederick, 698 
 
 George W. , 526 
 WELCH 
 
 A. W., 552 
 
 Caspar, 590 
 
 George W. , 201 
 
 James 596 
 
 John, 183 
 
 Joseph, 249 
 
 Thomas, 594 
 WELCHANS 
 
 Samuel, 529 
 WELDY 
 
 Sylvester A. , 343 
 WELFLEY 
 
 I. (Rev.), 595 
 WILKER 
 
 WILKER continued 
 
 (Dr.), 522, 523 
 ■ . Catharine, 606 
 WELLER 
 
 D. C, 541 
 
 D. W. , 550 
 WELLING 
 
 Thomas , 349 
 WELLS 
 
 John, 492 
 
 Richard, 399 
 WELSH 
 
 (Mr.), 335 
 
 Anna, 966 
 
 Charles, 966 
 
 G. W., 534 
 
 George, 362 
 
 George W. , 335, 344(2) 
 395, 421, 541(2) 
 
 George W. (Hon.), 966 
 
 Henry, 966 
 
 J. L., 609 
 
 Jacob R., 230, 966(2) 
 
 John, 184, 185, 462, 
 515 
 
 John P., 340 
 
 Lide (Miss), 326 
 
 Margaret, 966(2) 
 
 Mathew P., 224 
 
 May, 957 
 
 P. R., 534, 535 
 
 Philip A., 352 
 
 Philip A., 352 
 
 Philip R., 966 
 
 Thomas, 244, 335 
 WELTY 
 
 Adla, 967 
 
 Benjamin F., 967 
 
 Cora D. , 967 
 
 David M., 967 
 
 E., 525 (2) 
 
 Ellas (Rev.), 539 
 
 Elsie May, 967 
 
 Jacob, 590, 889 
 
 John, 967 
 
 Katie D., 967 
 
 Mary, 889 
 
 Samuel, 889, 967 
 
 Samuel Chester, 967 
 
 Sarah, 889, 957 
 WELTZ 
 
 (Mr.), 525 
 WENDELL 
 
 P., 491 
 WENGER 
 
 Mary C, 918 
 
 Samuel, 918 
 WEIIGERN 
 
 amlly, 736 
 WESTLING 
 
 Ann, 917 
 
 Anna E. , 917 
 
 Catherine, 917(2) 
 
 David B., 917 
 
 Elizabeth, 917 
 
 Eda, 917 
 
 Jacob, 917 
 
 Jacob B., 917 
 
 Mary, 917 
 
 Samuel, 917 
 
 -120- 
 
 WENTLING continued 
 
 William, 917 
 WENTZ 
 
 Hannah, 844 
 
 Henry, 844 
 
 J. C. (Rev.), 614 
 
 J. S., 549 
 
 Lizzie, 844 
 
 ■obert, 844 
 WENZER 
 
 Martin, 598 
 WERDEBAUGH 
 
 T., 349 
 WERLBY 
 
 John, 243 
 WERNER 
 
 George, 570 
 
 Rebecca, 570 
 WERTZ 
 
 Augustus, 894(2) 
 
 Barbara, 894 
 
 Catherine, 894, 895 
 
 Charles, 894 
 
 Conrad, 612, 894 
 
 D. A., 481(3) 
 
 David, 229, 302, 613, 
 614, 894(2). 895 
 
 David (dr.), 613 
 
 David A., 266 
 
 David Maurice, 895 
 
 Edith Barbara, 895 
 
 Elizabeth, 613, 894(2), 
 895(2), 901 
 
 Eve, 894 
 
 family, 612 
 
 George, 229, 612(2), 613, 
 894(4) 
 
 H. E., 323, 612 
 
 Henry, 894 
 
 Hermie Elizabeth, 895 
 
 Hiram, 892 
 
 Hiram E. , 894:895 
 
 Hiram Emerick, 894 
 
 Jacob, 612, 894(2) 
 
 Jacob S., 601 
 
 James , 894 
 
 Jerome, 895 
 
 John, 612, 894(2) 
 WEST 
 
 John A. (Jr.), 586 
 
 Lanah, 894 
 
 Lizzie, 892 
 
 Louis, 894 
 
 Mary, 613, 894 
 
 Matilda, 895 
 
 Minnie Kate, 895 
 
 Peter, 894 
 
 Susan, 894(2) 
 
 William, 894 
 WERZ 
 
 David A., 254 
 WEST 
 
 Charles, 541 
 
 Chas. B., 294 
 
 J. A., 435 
 
 J. C, 259 
 
 J. P., 567 
 
 Jonathan A. (Rev.), 299 
 
 Joseph, 183 
 
 Martha, 808 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 WEST continued 
 
 May, 552 (2) 
 
 Samuel, 808 
 
 SamU. (Sr.), 434 
 
 T. H., 541 
 
 T. M., 609 
 
 Thomas H., 540 
 
 W. A. (Rev.), 484 
 
 W. A. (Rev.), 504, 583 
 WESTBOY 
 
 James, 242 
 WESTCOTT 
 
 William, 241 
 WESTFIELD 
 
 (Rev.), 536 
 WESTHAFER 
 
 George, 225 
 WEYVUn 
 
 John, 621 
 
 Susanna, 621 
 
 William H., 345 
 WEYLEY 
 
 John, 154 
 WEYMER 
 
 (Mr.), 590 
 
 (Rev.), 591 
 
 Jacob (Rev.), 313, 493, 
 (2), 576 
 WHARTON 
 
 R. H., 546 
 
 Charles, 226 
 WHEELER 
 
 J. W., 534 
 WHERRY 
 
 Samuel M. , 391 
 WHETSTONE 
 
 A. M. (Rev.), 520, 570 
 
 M. (Mrs.), 390 
 WHIPPEL 
 
 Chatherine, 930 
 
 (Capt.), 249 
 WHISBEY 
 
 R., 562 
 WHISLER 
 
 Jacob, 795 
 
 Mary, 769 
 
 Barbara, 828 
 
 C. (Mrs.), 785 
 
 Catherine, 795 
 
 Hannah, 830 
 
 John, 828 
 WHITE 
 
 (Mr.), 698 
 
 A. J., 389, 653, 698 
 
 Alexander, 152, 515, 588 
 592 
 
 Alice v., 698 
 
 Alim V. , 653 
 
 Andrew, 561 
 
 Andrew J., 698 
 
 Andrew Jackson, 698 
 
 C. M (Mrs.), 568 
 
 Carrie E., 698 
 
 Charles, 153 
 
 Dursilla, 850 
 
 Ebenezer, 793 
 
 Edmund, 582 
 
 David, 242 
 
 Elizabeth, 698, 793 
 
 Ellen, 850 
 
 WHITE continued 
 
 Ellwood J., 698 
 
 Enraia K. Ham (Mrs.), 698 
 
 Emma S., 793 
 
 family, 793 
 
 Fannie Emma, 698 
 
 H. C, 482 
 
 H. M., 361, 809 
 
 Hiram C, 698 
 
 Hiram M., 203, 421 
 
 Howard, 698 
 
 Ida Belle, 698 
 
 Isaac, 350 
 
 Isaac Stull, 850 
 
 Isaac Stull (Mrs. ) , 850 
 
 J. B., 395, 604 
 
 J. Bums, 434, 793(2) 
 
 J. Bums (Hon.), 793 
 
 James, 182, 560 
 
 Jane, 592 
 
 Jennie L. , 794 
 
 John, 183, 566, 600, 793 
 (2), 850(2) 
 
 John (Mrs.), 793 
 
 John A., 345 
 
 Joseph, 155, 492, 569 
 
 Julius (Col.), 760 
 
 Lizzie, 794 
 
 Margaret, 850 
 
 Mary, 793 
 
 Mary Blanche, 698 
 
 Matthew, 592 
 
 Mich., 182 
 
 Moses, 155, 569 
 
 Nancy, 793 
 
 Nannie, 793 
 
 Nannaie Edith, 698 
 
 Narcissa, 483 
 
 Nellie S., 698 
 
 Peter, 560, 850(2) 
 
 Preston B., 698 
 
 R. E., 482 
 
 Robert 698 
 
 Robert (Lieut.), 181 
 
 Robert Walter, 698 
 
 Rosanna Marshall, 850(2) 
 
 Sallie R., 698 
 
 Samuel, 793(2) 
 
 Samuel E., 794 
 
 Sarah, 850(2) 
 
 Sarah J., 698 
 
 Susan C, 874 
 
 Thomas, 793 
 
 William, 183, 242 
 WHITEHEAD 
 
 James, 153, 589(2) 
 
 Thomas (Capt.), 356 
 WHITEHILL 
 
 Robert, 392 
 WHITELY 
 
 Thomas, 183 
 WHITEMARSH 
 
 W. H., 340 
 WHITESIDES 
 
 Peter, 863, 892 
 WHITMAN 
 
 William, 241 
 WHITMER 
 
 Abraham, 778 
 
 Catharine, 869 
 
 -121- 
 
 WHITMER 
 
 Emma M. , 774(2) 
 
 J. S., 435, 514, 526 
 
 John, 869 
 
 Martha, 774 
 
 Nancy, 712 
 
 Samuel, 774 
 
 Susan A., 778 
 WHITMERE 
 
 Joseph, 585 
 WHITMORE 
 
 (miss), 602 
 
 & Wolff, 660 
 
 Christian, 723 
 
 Henry, 555 
 
 Hiram, 7 14 
 
 J. E., 551, 552 
 
 Jacob, 463, 465(2) 
 
 John, 210, 243, 
 493 
 
 Mary Ann, 723 
 
 Michael, 574 
 
 Nancy, 870 
 
 Peter, 887 
 
 Rachel, 887 
 
 Rebecca, 887 
 
 Sarah, 714 
 WHITNEY 
 
 John, 239 
 
 Walter R., 582 
 WICKEL 
 
 John, 590 
 WICKEY 
 
 (Rev.), 571 
 
 Casper, 346 
 
 L. A. (Rev.), 570 
 WICKS 
 
 A. B., 465 
 WICKY 
 
 J. (Rev.), 614 
 WIDEFELDT 
 
 Jacob, 243 
 WIDENER 
 
 Christ, 560 
 WIDNEY 
 
 (Mr.), 581 
 
 Ann, 748 
 
 Catherine, 808 
 
 Ida A., 743 
 
 James, 580, 581(2), 748 
 
 John, 240 
 
 John (Dr.), 606 
 
 Rosanna, 606 
 
 Sarah, 748 
 
 William, 743 
 WIDNEYS 
 
 (the), 581 
 WIIMAN 
 
 Jacob, 494 
 WIENER 
 
 A., 440 
 
 Amelia, 967 
 
 Clara, 968 
 
 Hannie, 968 
 
 Hyman, 967 
 
 J., 440, 534 
 
 Jacob, 534 
 
 Rosa, 968 
 
 S., 534 
 
 Simon, 934, 967 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 WIER 
 
 Abraham, 154 
 
 Abraham K. , 201 
 
 Hugh, 154 
 
 William, 274 
 WIESNER 
 
 Philip, 230 
 VRESTLING 
 
 (Col.), 896 
 
 & McAllister Co., 895 
 
 Anna Marie, 895 
 
 George B., 234, 235, 355 
 435 
 
 Geo. B. (Col.), 895 
 
 George Philip, 895 
 
 John G. (Adit.), 896 
 
 Margaret, 895 
 
 Samuel C, 895 
 WIGHTMAN 
 
 (Rev.), 540 
 
 J. W, (Rev.), 485, 544 
 
 Jas. W. , 504 
 WIKERT 
 
 (Mrs.), 783 
 WIKESON 
 
 John, 588 
 WIKISON 
 
 John, 578 
 WILCOX 
 
 Thomas S., 540 
 WILDERS 
 
 Alice (Mrs), 794 
 
 Mary, 552 
 WILES 
 
 David H., 421 
 WILEY 
 
 H., 585 
 
 Hugh, 185 
 
 Hugh (Capt.), 585 
 
 Isaac, 183 
 WILHELM 
 
 (Miss), 734 
 
 (Mr.), 699 
 
 (Rev.), 607 
 
 A. Belle, 734 
 
 Amanda M. , 734 
 
 & Judick Co., 734 
 
 Barnabas, 607 
 
 Christian, 244 
 
 Daniel, 734 
 
 Elizabeth, 733, 734 
 
 Emma, 734 
 
 Francis, 734 
 
 Georgia, 734 
 
 Hannah, 762 
 
 Henry, 733 
 
 Henry (Jr.), 734 
 
 Isabella, 839 
 
 J. M., 435 
 
 J. McGlnly, 441 
 
 Jacob, 607, 762 
 
 John, 551(4), 734 
 
 Maria, 734 
 
 Mary E., 837 
 
 McGlnley, 837 
 
 McGinley J., 346 
 
 P. S., 546, 733, 734 
 
 Perkins S., 734 
 
 S. & Co., 734 
 
 Samuel, 734(2) 
 
 WILHELM continued 
 
 Sarah, 841 
 
 Sarah Belle, 734 
 
 Sidney, 734 
 
 W. S., 734 
 
 William, 734 
 
 William F., 734 
 WILKENS 
 
 Robert, 561 
 WILKEY 
 
 James, 155, 569, 591 
 WILKIN 
 
 , 560 
 
 WILKIHS 
 
 James, 568, 591 
 
 Robert, 199 
 WILL 
 
 Andrew, 590 
 WILLABEE 
 
 Andrew, 155, 569 
 WILLANS 
 
 Michael, 578 
 WILLARD 
 
 (Gov.), 323 
 WILLHEm 
 
 Christian, 239 
 WILLIAMS 
 
 (Miss), 150 
 
 (Rev.), 603 
 
 Benjamin, 608 
 
 Devard, 162 
 
 Brig. (Gen.) E. C, 339 
 
 Ellen, 827, 850 
 
 Ellen Campbell, 827 
 WILLIAMSON 
 
 Elliott, 578 
 WILLIAMS 
 
 Enoch, 153, 608, 609 
 
 I. (Rev.), 595 
 
 Jacob, 239, 249 
 
 James, 349, 912 
 
 Jane, 625 
 
 Joseph, 155, 433, 569 
 
 L. C. (Rev.), 606 
 
 L. W. (Rev.), 607 
 
 Levi (Rev.), 780 
 
 Levi T. (Rev.), 576 
 
 M., 223, 421 
 
 Margaret, 780 
 WILLIAMSON 
 
 Mary E., 909 
 
 Owens, 592 
 WILLIAMSON 
 
 Rachel, 923 
 WILLIAMS 
 
 Salome, 912 
 
 William, 241 
 
 Wm. T., 609 
 WILLIAMSON 
 
 Henry, 185 
 
 Hugh, 426 
 
 John, 420 
 
 John C, 420 
 
 Thomas, 243 
 WILLING 
 
 Thomas, 402 
 WILLIS 
 
 Nicholas, 492 
 WILLOCKS 
 
 John, 153 
 
 -122- 
 
 WILLS 
 
 Betsey E., 856 
 George , 596 
 WILLSON 
 
 Andrew, 585 
 James, 585, 590 
 John, 578 
 Robert, 574 
 Thomas, 578 
 WILMORE 
 
 Jacob, 552 
 WILSON 
 
 (Mr.), 463, 603 
 
 Adam, 560 
 
 Alex, 592 
 
 Andrew, 587, 738 
 
 Andrew P., 420 
 
 Anna, 738 
 
 Anna E., 718 
 
 Corbin (Rev.), 613 
 
 David, 611 
 
 David G., 718 
 
 Elijah B., 576 
 
 Eintia, 718 
 
 Etta M. , 576 
 
 George, 239, 243 
 
 George C. (Capt.), 736 
 
 George W. , 351 
 
 Hannah, 539 
 
 J. Calvin, 514 
 
 J. McLeod, 601 
 
 Janes, 155(2), 224, 239, 
 
 243, 244, 568, 569(2), 
 
 583, 588 
 James (Rev.), 876 
 James P., 500 
 James R., 601 
 James T. , 582 
 John, 154, 155, 162, 182(2), 
 
 183, 184, 531(3), 569, 588 
 
 597, 916 
 Joseph, 242 
 Joshua, 239 
 Margaret, 539 
 Mathew, 574 
 Matthew, 203(2), 204, 312, 
 
 463, 483 
 Nathaniel, 154, 539 
 Phoebe (Mrs.), 539 
 Robert, 152, 492(2), 568, 
 
 579, 587, 604, 609(2) 
 Robert (Rev.), 492 
 Samuel, 590 
 Sam'l. (Rev.), 585 
 Sarah, 503 
 Stephen, 394 
 T. C, 644 
 Thomas, 152, 224, 239, 244, 
 
 582 
 W. H., 510 
 William, 155, 243, 440, 568 
 
 569(2), 605 
 William H, H., 351, 352 
 WILSONS 
 
 (the), 905 
 WILT 
 
 J. F., 549 
 Jacob, 462, 553 
 John Fj, 229 
 Peter, 245 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 WIMER 
 
 Christian, 596 
 WINDER 
 
 (Gen.). 242 
 WINEBRENNER 
 
 John (Rev.), 314 
 WINEMAN 
 
 (Mr.), 841 
 
 Abraham, 816 
 
 Catherine, 816(2), 844 
 
 Christina, 844 
 
 David B., 815, 816 
 
 Elizabeth, 816 
 
 Etta, 844 
 
 George, 816, 844 
 
 Henry, 844 
 
 Jacob, 816 
 
 Jacob B., 224, 844 
 
 Jennie, 816 
 
 John, 816 
 
 John N., 844 
 
 Maggie, 816(2) 
 
 Mary, 816 
 
 Matthew, 816 
 
 Nancy, 816 
 
 Nancy J., 839 
 
 Sarah, 816 
 
 Sarah B., 811, 816 
 
 Warren, 844 
 WINEMILLER 
 
 (Mr.), 469 
 
 Henry, 469 
 WINEMAN 
 
 Henry, (Sr.), 606 
 WING 
 
 (Dr.), 139 
 
 C. P. (Dr.), 140 
 
 C. P. (Rev.), 504 
 WINGAR 
 
 Elam B., 229 
 WINGART 
 
 John, 574 
 Martin, 574 
 WINGER 
 
 (Col.), 735, 736, 542 
 
 (Lieut.), 735, 736, 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 (Mrs.), 736 
 Abraham, 464 
 Albert C, 224, 871 
 Anna M. , 871 
 Archibald S., 230 
 B. F., 395, 440, 546 
 
 552(3) 
 B. F. (Col.), 272, 260 
 B. Frank; 343, 421 
 Benjamin P., 552, 871 
 Benjamin Franklin (Col.) 
 
 734 
 Blanche, 552 
 Blanche D. , 552, 736 
 Calvin W. , 871 
 Catharine, 871(2) 
 David, 871 
 Elam B., 224, 871 
 Elizabeth, 871(2) 
 Emma C, 871 
 Esther, 734, 735, 871(2) 
 Esther A., 871 
 Esther E., 736 
 
 WINGER continued 
 
 Eva K., 871 
 
 family, 734 
 
 Frances, 735 
 
 J. W. , 209 
 
 Jacob, 734 
 
 Jacob M. , 224 
 
 Jacob Melville, 871(2) 
 
 Jacob Meville (Jr.), 871 
 
 John N., 871 
 
 Joseph, 174, 464, 526, 
 643, 734, 735(2), 870, 
 871 
 
 Joseph W., 224, 343, 552 
 871 
 
 Karl, 734 
 
 Karl Michael, 734, 871 
 
 Lucy, 871 
 
 Lucy M., 643 
 
 Lydia, 871 
 
 Maggie, 871 
 
 Margaret, 871 
 
 Martin, 585, 597 
 
 Mary, 734, 871 
 
 Mary B., 736 
 
 Michael, 464 
 
 Rose, 736 
 
 Sarah, 871 
 
 Susan J., 735 
 WINGERD 
 
 A. B., 546 
 
 Adam B., 512(2) 
 
 D. H., 634 
 
 Dan H., 421 
 
 Elizabeth, 801 
 
 Jacob, 494, 546, 549 
 
 Nancy P. Culbertson, 634 
 
 Samuel, 302 
 WINGERS 
 
 (the), 871 
 WINGERT 
 
 (Mrs.), 783 
 
 A., 786 
 
 A. B., 299, 586 
 
 Abram B., 896 
 
 Abram L. , 897 
 
 Anna, 896 
 
 Annie E., 897 
 
 Barbara, 768 
 
 Bertha J., 897 
 
 Catherine, 920 
 
 Christian (Mrs.), 786 
 
 David, 346 
 
 Eliza, 768 
 
 Elizabeth, 792, 795, 
 920 
 
 Emsey M. , 897 
 
 George S., 896 
 
 Harvey G., 897 
 
 Israel I., 897 
 
 Jacob, 314 
 
 John, 574, 920 
 
 3ohn L., 226 
 
 Joseph, 360 
 
 Lillie May, 897 
 Maria, 896 
 Maria F., 897 
 Martha, 675 
 Martha E., 897 
 Martin, 574, 778, 792 
 
 WINGERT continued 
 
 Martin cont., 795 
 
 Martin B., 350, 469 
 
 Mary C, 897 
 
 Rachel, 786 
 
 Rebecca, 879 
 
 Samuel, 768 
 
 Samuel S., 896 
 
 Susan, 896 
 
 Susan A. , 897 
 WINGERTS 
 
 (the), 315 
 WINKLE 
 
 Rip Van, 403 
 WINN 
 
 William, 182 
 
 William, 182 
 WINS EL 
 
 George, 566 
 WINSOR 
 
 Jtohn S., 609 
 WINSTEAD 
 
 D. M., 609 
 WINTERBARGER 
 
 Jacob, 590 
 WINTERBERGER 
 
 Jacob, 560 
 WINTERS 
 
 Anna Maria, 962 
 
 Edwd., 529 
 
 John W. , 529 
 
 Mary Ann, 952 
 
 Richard, 351 
 
 Washington, 529 
 WINTON 
 
 H. B. (Rev.), 570 
 
 John, 155, 160, 569 
 WIRTZFIELD 
 
 M. A. M,' (Rev.), 496 
 WISAR 
 
 Cutlip, 561 
 WISE 
 
 , 334 
 
 (Cov.), 324 
 
 Christian, 244 
 
 Christopher, 243, 560, 724 
 
 Clara E., 917 
 
 David, 917(2) 
 
 Elizabeth, 917 
 
 family, 680 
 
 Jacob, 239, 924 
 
 James, 239, 244, 743 
 
 John, 210, 611, 724, 
 917 
 
 Martha E. , 743, 917 
 
 Mary, 680, 724 
 
 Samuel, 917(2) 
 
 Susan, 924 
 
 William E., 917 
 WISER 
 
 Benj., 242 
 WISHASD 
 
 Edward, 590 
 
 James, 590 
 WISHERT 
 
 Harvey, 345 
 WISNER 
 
 Hannah, 844 
 WISTER 
 
 Jacob, 164, 573 
 
 -123- 
 
History of Franklin Covinty, Pennsylvania 
 
 WISTER continued 
 
 WITHERSPOON continued 
 
 John A. , 225 
 
 Van F., 872 
 
 WITHEREN 
 
 WITHEY 
 
 John C, 747 
 
 William, 578 
 
 Nancy B., 747 
 
 WITHORAW 
 
 WITHEROW 
 
 William, 578 
 
 David, 245, 762(2) 
 
 John L. (Rev,), 486 
 
 Elenor, 841 
 
 William, 155, 568 
 
 Eliza A., 762 
 
 WITHER 
 
 Florence S., 762 
 
 family, 734 
 
 Hannah, 762 
 
 H. D., 340 
 
 Isabella, 762 
 
 Jacob A., 230 
 
 J. H., 434, 440 
 
 Nancy, 735 
 
 James, 762 
 
 Peter, 722 
 
 Jane, 762 
 
 Peter A., 174 
 
 John, 206, 243, 395, 
 
 WITTEMEYER 
 
 580, 605, 606, 762 
 
 Annie (Mrs.), 483 
 
 (2), 836 
 
 WITTER 
 
 John (Sr.), 606 
 John (Hon.), 762 
 
 Jeremiah, 911 
 
 John, 751 
 
 John (Lieut.), 354 
 
 Mary, 751, 754 
 
 John (Mrs.), 762 
 
 WITTICHEN 
 
 John C, 762 
 
 (Rev.), 603 
 
 John H.,336 
 
 WOLF (Wolff) 
 
 John Harrison, 762(2) 
 
 (Mr.), 309 
 
 Joseph, 762 
 
 Adam, 504 
 
 Keziah, 762 
 
 & Hamaker, 475, 640 
 
 Margaret, 836, 869 
 
 & Hamaker s foundry. 
 
 Mary, 762 
 
 662 
 
 Mary E., 762 
 
 Anmaria, 521 
 
 Mary J., 762 
 
 Anna, 918 
 
 Samuel, 243, 841 
 
 Barnard, 390 
 
 Susan, 762 
 
 Bernard, 239, 329 
 
 W. (Prof.), 602 
 
 Catharina, 521 
 
 Wm., 435, 580 
 
 Qiristian, 493 
 
 WITHERSPOON 
 
 Conrad, 585 
 
 Carrie, 872 
 
 David, 582 
 
 David, 802 
 
 David R., 345 
 
 David Erskine, 803 
 
 Eliza, 918(2) 
 
 Eliza, 872 
 
 Elizabeth, 521 
 
 Ella A., 717 
 
 F. B. (Prof.), 646 
 
 family, 871 
 
 G. F,, 481 
 
 Florence L. , 803 
 
 Jacob, 531 
 
 Frederick W. , 872 
 
 Johanes, 521 
 
 Henry, 846, 871, 872 
 
 John, 840 
 
 Hetty E., 871, 872 
 
 Josephine, 888 
 
 J. Edgar, 872 
 
 Leonard, 918 
 
 J. W., 434, 514, 526(2) 
 
 M., 491 
 
 James, 559, 560, 802, 
 
 Margaret, 840 
 
 871, 872(3) 
 
 Nettie B., 739 
 
 James W. , 872(2) 
 
 Peter, 560 
 
 John, 872(2) 
 
 Susana, 522 
 
 John A., 221, 846, 871, 
 
 William, 241 
 
 872 
 
 WOLFE 
 
 John W. , 802, 803 
 
 (Mr.), 809 
 
 Johnston, 872 
 
 Catherine, 623, 809 
 
 Joseph, 588 
 
 Emma G., 809 
 
 Kerie A., 872 
 
 George, 609 
 
 Margaret, 840, 872 
 
 George W. , 872 
 
 Mary, 559, 872(2) 
 
 Henrietta, 809 
 
 Mary E., 803 
 
 Henry H., 809, 872 
 Jacob S,, 809 
 
 Mary G., 872 
 
 Massie Ann, 802 
 
 James P., 541 
 
 Matthew H., 872 
 
 John, 809 
 
 Nancy, 872 
 
 Jose, 809 
 
 (}uin M., 803 
 Robert Ralph, 803 
 
 Jose E., 809(2) 
 Mary C, 809 
 
 S. Bradley, 872 
 
 Mary E., 809 
 
 S. Chalmers, 872 
 
 Nettie, 809 
 
 T. Oswald, 872 
 
 Rachael, 809 
 
 WOLFE continued 
 Tobthia, 809 
 William F., 809 
 Zadoc, 809 
 WOLFERSBERGER 
 Anna, 968 
 Anna L. , 968 
 Harry F., 968 
 J. R., 968 
 Joseph, 968 
 
 Mary Ann, 968 
 
 J, R., 534 
 WOLFF 
 
 Adam, 529 
 
 & Whitr^re, 660 
 
 Barbara, 763 
 
 Barnard, 463, 474, 493 
 
 Bernard, 243 
 
 Bruce M. , 763 
 
 Christian, 462, 501 
 
 Daniel, 229, 755, 762, 
 763(2) 
 
 Daniel C, 763 
 
 David, 741, 762, 763 
 
 Edith M. , 763 
 
 Elizabeth, 762 
 
 ElizabethH., 763 
 
 George, 762 
 
 James A. , 763 
 
 James P., 534, 552 
 
 John, 739, 763 
 
 John M., 763 
 
 John S., 763 
 
 Lane & Co., 660, 661 
 
 Laura E., 763 
 
 Margaret Ann, 763 
 
 Martha, 763 
 
 Martha J., 741 
 
 Mary, 755 
 
 Mary Anna, 742 
 
 Mary E., 763 
 
 Nettie, 739 
 
 Nettie B., 763 
 
 Oliver B., 763 
 
 Philip, 556 
 
 Susan A., 755, 763 
 
 William E., 763 
 WOLFFS 
 
 , , 145 
 
 WOLPKILL 
 
 (Mr.), 309, 600 
 
 Anna Mary, 682, 699 
 
 Conrad, 574, 575 
 
 J. M., 682 
 
 Elizabeth, 699 
 
 J. H., 254 
 
 J. M. , 682, 699 
 
 J. R. , 541 
 
 Jacob, 242, 574 
 
 John, 226, 699 
 
 Joseph W., 389 
 
 Josephus M. , 230 
 
 Ruby & Co., 699 
 WOLGAMOT 
 
 Jack, 563 
 WONDERLICK 
 
 D. K., 325 
 WOOD 
 
 (Col.), 552 
 
 Elizabeth, 606 
 
 -124- 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 WOOD continued 
 
 G. H., 481 
 
 George A., 475, 504(2) 
 
 George H., 667 
 
 J. C., 481 
 
 James , 240 
 
 John, 155, 202 
 
 John C. , 481 
 
 Mary C. CMrs.), 667 
 
 Richard, 390 
 
 Rosannah Mary, 849 
 
 T. B., 475 
 
 Walter A., 781 
 
 William Maxwell, 849 
 WOODftLL 
 
 John, 349 
 
 William H., 343 
 WOODBUBN 
 
 D. S., 923 
 
 Mary E. , 923 
 WOODCOCK 
 
 J. A., 549 
 WOODHOUSE 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 WOOmAN 
 
 William, 560 
 WOODROW 
 
 Samuel, 184, 566 
 
 Willia^^ 184 
 WOODS 
 
 Blanche, 834 
 
 Clara J., 834 
 
 Elizabeth, 819 
 
 F. M. (Rev.), 174 
 
 H. B., 421 
 
 Hugh, 242 
 
 John, 170(2), 560, 569 
 834 
 
 John (Mrs.), 170 
 
 ^ohn F., 395 
 
 Josephine, 834 
 
 Lydia, 834 
 
 Mary, 834 
 
 William, 155, 241 
 WOOLARD 
 
 Joseph, 346 
 WORDEN 
 
 Jeremiah, 573 
 WORDER 
 
 Jeremiah, 574 
 WORK 
 
 (Miss), 740 
 
 (Rev.), 583 
 
 Henry, 202, 203, 223 
 
 J. (Col.), 593 
 
 John, 184, 200, 203(2), 
 591, 592 
 
 John (Sr.), 593 
 
 John D., 206, 394 
 WORLEY 
 
 Emma, 541 
 
 Harriet, 717 
 
 John, 717 
 
 S. M., 205, 469 
 
 Samuel M. , 470 
 WORTHINGTON 
 
 H. G., 435 
 
 Isaac, 601 
 
 Jas. B. , 346 
 WORTZ 
 
 WORTZ continued 
 
 Saloma, 884 
 WORTZE 
 
 Saloma, 753 
 WRAY 
 
 Alex., 592 
 Daniel, 592 
 James, 592 
 John, 592 
 Robert, 592 
 WRIGHT 
 
 (Gen.), 886 
 
 Elizabeth, 875 
 
 George, 566 
 
 J. B., 472 
 
 Jacob, 536 
 
 James, 155, 201, 212, 
 463, 469, 492, 569, 
 594 
 
 John, 182 
 
 Matthew, 242 
 
 Rachael (Mrs.), 310 
 
 Richard, 241, 560 
 
 Sarah (Mrs.), 569 
 
 Thomas, 463 
 
 William, 184 
 WRIST 
 
 George, 241 
 WUNDERLICH 
 
 (Mrs.), 359 
 
 D. K., 209, 329 
 
 Daniel K., 203 
 
 Dodlieb, 229 
 
 Jacob, 204 
 WYETH 
 
 & Bro., '653 
 WYLIE 
 
 (Rev.), 595 
 
 S. S. (Rev.), 146 
 
 W. T. (Rev.), 504 
 WYNCOOP r 
 
 (Brig.) (Gen.) G. ^., 
 339 
 YANCEY 
 
 , 334 
 
 YAUKET 
 
 Elizabeth, 649 
 YATES 
 
 Jasper (Hon.), 404 
 YAUCKEY 
 
 Margaret (Mrs.), 780 
 YAUGY 
 
 Hannah, 714(2) 
 YAUKEY 
 
 Amanda, 794 
 
 Daniel 794<2) 
 
 Hezekiah, 794 
 
 Hiram, 794 
 
 Jeremiah S., 794(2) 
 
 John, 800 
 
 Mary, 794 
 
 Sarah, 800 
 YEAGER 
 
 Franklin , 354 
 YEAR 
 
 Jacob, 223 
 YEARMAN 
 
 Conrad, 578 
 YEATER 
 
 Mary J., 837 
 
 -125- 
 
 YEATER continued 
 
 Oliver, 837 
 YEATES 
 
 Jasper, 411, 419 
 
 Jasper (Hon.), 406 
 
 Thomas, 210(2) 
 YEATS 
 
 (Mr.), 491 
 
 Anna, 492 
 
 Elizabeth, 491, 492 
 
 George, 598 
 
 Thomas, 491(2), 492 
 
 William Robert, 492 
 YERK 
 
 James A. , 536 
 YEITER 
 
 Christian, 230 
 YINGLING 
 
 Henry, 226 
 YOCUM 
 
 A. D., 
 YOH 
 
 (Mr.), 699 
 
 Chas., 504 
 
 Charles A., 699 
 
 Henry, 699 
 
 Margaret, 699 
 
 Susan, 699 
 YOHE 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 YOS 
 
 Jacob, 585 
 YOST 
 
 (Mr.), 968 
 
 Isaac E., 968 
 
 Mary, 968 
 
 Michael, 968 
 
 Minnie D., 968 
 YOUNG 
 
 (Col.), 462 
 
 (Dr.), 276 
 
 (Mr.), 312 
 
 Alexander, 146, 244, 560 
 
 Brigham, 563 
 
 Charles, 463 
 
 Daniel, 870 
 
 E. C, 609 
 
 Eliza, 723 
 
 Elizabeth E., 870 
 
 George, 242 
 
 Hiram, 223 
 
 J. H. (Rev.), 539, 614y 
 574, 577 
 
 James (Col.), 274 
 
 Jared H., 492 
 
 Jeremiah R., 223 
 
 John, 182, 241, 312, 
 595, 723 
 
 John (Rev.), 585, 847 
 
 John C, 312 
 
 John George, 313 
 
 John George (Rev.), 489, 57( 
 
 John H., 294 
 
 John N., 340 
 
 Josiah C, 343 
 
 Mary, 959 
 
 Mary, 959 
 
 Nancy V. (Mrs.), 787 
 
 Peter, 182 
 
 Rebecca, 870 
 
History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania 
 
 YOUNG continued 
 
 Robert, 241 
 
 Samuel (Rev.), 570 
 
 William, 149, 155, 203, 
 245, 588, 594(2) 
 
 William (Leiut.), 245 
 YOUS 
 
 Clara S., 552 
 
 Elizabeth, 711 
 YOUST 
 
 Alice, 794 
 
 David, 794 
 
 Elliem 795 
 
 Jacob, 794 
 
 Jennie, 794 
 
 John, 560, 794 
 
 John G., 229, 794(3) 
 
 Mary, 794 
 
 Mary E., 795 
 
 Mary S. (Mrs.), 784 
 
 Nancy, 794 
 
 Wilhelmina, 794 
 
 William, 794 
 ZACHAEIAS 
 
 (Mr.), 700, 817 
 
 Caroline, 816 
 
 Christian, 699 
 
 Elizabeth, 816 
 
 George, 816 
 
 George R., 816 
 
 George R. (Rev.), 816 
 
 Henrietta, 816 
 
 Jacob, 560 
 -Janet, 700 
 
 John, 816 
 
 Mary, 816 
 
 Mary E. (Mrs.), 817 
 
 Mary J., 700 
 
 Robert M. , 700 
 
 Rosa B., 817 
 
 Sarah, 699 
 
 Sarah E. , 817 
 
 W. J., 214, 699 
 
 William J., 422 
 ZACHARY 
 
 Nicholas (Rev.), 496 
 ZAHN 
 
 John, 549 
 ZARKER 
 
 Catherine, 911 
 ZARMAN 
 
 Frank A., 436 
 ZEARFOSS 
 
 Elizabeth (Mrs.), 830 
 Jacob R., 226 
 ZEIGLE 
 
 (Col.), 339 
 Thomas A. , 342 
 ZEIGLER 
 
 Anna M. , 926 
 David, 226 
 Elizabeth, 925 
 G. W. , 206 
 George, 239 
 George F., 344 
 George W. , 294 
 Hattie, 926 
 Henry, 925 
 Isaac, 925(2) 
 Jennie Lind, 926 
 
 ZEIGLER 
 John, 563 
 Mary, 926 
 
 Mary A., 925(2), 926 
 Michael, 925(2) 
 Rachel P., 926 
 Susan, 773, 925 
 William, 925(2) 
 William S., 925, 926 
 ZELLER 
 Anna, 721 
 Charles, 714 
 David, 512(2) 
 Frances, 714 
 John C, 421 
 ZELLERS 
 
 (Dr.), 818 
 Louis, 818 
 Melinda C, 818 
 ZENT 
 
 Susan, 701 
 ZENTMEYER 
 
 Elizabeth, 915 
 Lydia, 908 
 ZENTMYER 
 David, 946 
 Elizabeth, 946 
 ZETTLER 
 
 Elizabeth, 952, 963 
 Jacob, 241, 469 
 ZIEGLER 
 
 (Mr.), 746, 747(2) 
 
 Abraham, 563 
 
 & Stonebraker Co., 
 
 736 
 D., 737 
 David, 736 
 Geo., 549 
 
 George Frederick, 737 
 George Philip, 196 
 George W. , 209, 546(2) 
 
 551, 536, 537 
 George W. (Esq.), 172, 
 
 173 
 George W. & Co., 736 
 Jacob S., 229 
 Margaret, 854 
 Maria, 737 
 Philip, 196 
 ZIEGMAN 
 
 Margaret, 908 
 ZIMBRO 
 
 Edith, 599 
 ZIMMERMAN 
 
 ; 546, 549 
 (Miss), 791 
 Abraham, 926 
 Annie, 790 
 Carrie, 927 
 Catherine, 920, 927 
 David, 693 
 Eliza, 927 
 Elizabeth, 927(2) 
 Emmey Bell, 927 
 George, 239, 242 
 Georgiana, 927 
 Hiantha, 927 
 Jacob, 266, 926, 927 
 Jeremiah, 535 
 Jeremiah D., 927 
 
 -126- 
 
 ZIMMERMAN continued 
 
 John, 230, 435, 614, 926, 
 92^(2) 
 
 John M., 927 
 
 Joseph, 521 
 
 Margaretta, 927 
 
 Martha, 926 
 
 Martha A., 927 
 
 Peter, 927 
 
 Friscilla £., 693 
 
 Samuel, 927 
 
 Seth, 927 
 
 Vina, 927 
 
 William, 790 
 
 William H. (Rev.), 927 
 ZITER 
 
 John, 531 
 ZODY 
 
 (Mr.), 564 
 ZOHN 
 
 Jacob, 404 
 ZOOK 
 
 (Dr.), 605 
 
 Abraham, 795(3) 
 
 Abraham (Mrs.), 795 
 
 Abram, 887 
 
 Anna, 795 
 
 Annie, 887(2) 
 
 Anny, 715 
 
 Benjamin F., 345 
 
 Catharine, 860 
 
 Catherine, 795 
 
 Christian, 795, 887 
 
 David, 795, 886, 887 
 
 David M. , 844 
 
 E, J. (Dr.), 844 
 
 Eli J., 293 
 
 Elizabeth, 795(2), 818, 887 
 
 Elsie M., 887 
 
 Fannie, 795(2) 
 
 Grace A., 844 
 
 Jacob, 445, 795(2), 887 
 
 John, 715, 795(2), 818 
 
 Joseph,- 795(2) 
 
 Maria, 786 
 
 Mary, 717, 795, 887 
 
 nioebe, 795 
 
 Rebecca, 844, 887 
 
 Rebecca J., 844 
 
 S., 786 
 
 Samuel, 795 
 
 Sarah, 795 
 
 Susan, 887 
 
 Susan M. , 715 
 
 Susannah, 795 
 
 William D. , 844 
 ZOOKS 
 
 (the), 445 
 ZUBER 
 
 L., 491 
 ZOG 
 
 Anna, 803 
 
 Cassie, 803 
 
 Eli, 803 
 
 Elizabeth, 803 
 
 Jacob G., 803 
 
 James , 894 
 
 Lunetta M, , 894 
 
 Sallle, 803 
 
Index of Names continued 
 
 ZULLINGER ZULLINGER contimxed ZULLINGER 
 
 (Mr.). 686 J. A., 435 William B., 224 
 
 Alma Belle, 942 John A., 226 ZUMBRO 
 
 David, 230, 942 Martha, 814 John, 249 
 Fred, 504 William, 814 
 
 -127- 
 
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