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 HS765 .H76"'" ""'""'""' '""'"^ 
 The Scottish rite. 
 
Cornell University 
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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030324747 
 

 The 
 
 Ancient Aceepted 
 Scottish Rite of 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33 
 
 Deputy lor the State ol New York 
 
 1905 
 
 ANY FREEMASON desiring to become identified with the Scottish 
 ■ Rite in tMs Jurisdiction who^ after reading this book, will 
 ajply to any other than the Bodies of the ANCIENT ACCEPTED 
 SCOTTISH RITE FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION, 
 or any Freemason now connected with any clandestini rite 
 who does not sever his connection therewith, is antrue to the 
 principles of Freemasonry as laid down by the Grand Lodges, 
 and merits the ostracism imposed tipon him as a penalty. 
 
THE 
 
 SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 BY 
 
 Please acknowledge receipt, and oblige, 
 Yours, for the Rite, 
 
 I West 97th Street, 
 
 New York City, 
 
 Care,-" The Cornell." 
 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction 
 
 OF THE 
 
 United States of America 
 
 19 5 
 
THE 
 
 SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33? 
 
 Deputy for the State of New York 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 Of Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General of the Thirty-third 
 
 and last Degree of the Ancient Accepted 
 
 Scottish Rite of Freemasonry 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction 
 
 OF THE 
 
 United States of America 
 
 19 5 
 

 Copyright, 1905, by William Homan, New York. 
 
DR. SAMUEL STRINGER. 
 
 Born 1735. Died 1817. 
 
 The first Deputy Grand Inspector appointed in Nortli America, 
 
 under Warrant from Henry Andrew Francken, Marcli, 1769. 
 
 Thrice Potent Grand IVIaster, 
 
 Ineffable Lodge of Perfection, of Albany, N. Y., 1768 to 1774. 
 
 Worshipful Master, Masters' Lodge, No. 2 (now No. 5), F. and A. M., 
 
 of Albany, N. Y., in 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1773, 
 
 1774, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780. 
 
 (From the painting in the possession of M.'. W.'. James Ten Evck, Ji'i P-- C-'- M.-., 
 
 T.'. P.'. Grand Master of Ineffable Lodge of Perfection, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, and 1873. 
 
 Dr. Stringer was the great-grandfather of the wife of M.-. W.'. Bro. Ten Eyck.) 
 
DEDICATION. 
 
 To those who Need the Light, 
 To those who Seek the Light, 
 To those who Love the Light, 
 
 THE 
 
 Light of Truth 
 
 ON 
 
 The Scottish Rite 
 
 is shed in these pages by the author, 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33° 
 
 New York, April, 1905. 
 
In addition to those to whom direct reference is made in the articles, and to any who have 
 ever added to my store of knowledge, making this contribution to Masonic literature 
 I desire to acknowledge my thanks for information and encouragement received from : 
 
 M. , P, . Henry L Palmer, 33°, Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 P.*. Samuel C. Lawrence, 33°, Grand Lieutenant-Commander. 
 III.'. James H. Codding, 33°, Grand Secretary-General H. '. E. ., 
 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, U. S. A, 
 III. . Frederick Webber, 33", Grand Secretary-General H.*. E.-.. 
 
 Southern Masonic Jurisdiction, U. S. A. 
 M.-. W. '. Edward M. L. Ehlirs, 33°, Grand Secretary of the 
 
 Grand Lodge of New York. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 INTO THE 
 
 WESTERN HEMISPHERE. 
 
 The Degrees embraced in the Scottish Rite were brought from 
 Europe to the Western Hemisphere, in 1761, by Stephen 
 (Etienne) MoriNj with authority as Grand Master Inspector to 
 establish Perfect and SubHme Masonry in all parts of the New 
 World. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 From the French, of the Letters Patent and Powers granted to lU-'-Bro-'. 
 Etienne Morin, on the 27th of August, 1761, by the Supreme Council of Princes 
 Masons, at the Grand East of France, in Paris. 
 
 TO THE GLORY OF THE GRAND ARCHITECT OF THE UNIVERSE. 
 
 At the Grand East of France, and under the good will of His Serene High- 
 ness and Most Illustrious Brother Louis de Bourbon, Count of 
 Clermont, Prince of the Blood, Grand Master and Protector of all 
 regular Lodges, at the East of a most enlightened place, where reign 
 peace, silence and concord, A. L. 5761. 
 
 Lux EX Tenebris. 
 
 Unitas, Concordia Fratrum. 
 
 We the undersigned. Substitutes General of the Royal Art, Grand 
 Wardens and Officers of the Grand and Sovereign Lodge of St. John of 
 Jerusalem, established at the East of Paris, and we. Puissant Grand Master 
 of the Grand Councils of the Regular Lodge of France under the protection 
 of the Grand and Sovereign Lodge, by the sacred and mysterious num- 
 bers, declare, certify and order, to all the Brethren, Knights and Princes 
 over the surface of the two hemispheres, that having assembled by order 
 of the Substitute General, President of the Grand Council, a request com- 
 municated to us by the Respectable Brother La Corne, Substitute of our 
 Most Illustrious Grand Master, Knight and Prince Mason, was read at the 
 sitting, that our dear Brother Etienne Morin, Grand Elect, Perfect and 
 Ancient Sublime Master, Prince Mason, Knight and Sublime Prince of all 
 

 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 9 
 
 the Orders of Perfect Masonry, Member of the Royal Lodge of La Trinite, 
 &c., &c., &c., being on his departure for America, and wishing to be able 
 to work regularly for the advantage and increase of the Royal Art in its per- 
 fections, that it may please the Sovereign Grand Council and Grand Lodge to 
 grant him Letters Patent for Constitutions; 
 
 On the report made to us, and knowing the eminent qualities of the 
 Brother Knight Etienne Morin, wo have without hesitation granted him that 
 small satisfaction for services which he has ever rendered to the Order, and 
 of which his zeal warrants the continuation; 
 
 To that end and for other good reasons in approving and confirming 
 our dear Brother Etienne Morin in his views, and willing to give him testi- 
 monies of our gratitude, we have constituted him by unanimous consent and 
 by these presents, constitute, institute and give full and entire power to said 
 Brother Etienne Morin, whose signature is in the Margin of these presents, 
 to form and establish a Lodge so as to receive and multiply the Royal Order 
 of Freemasons in all the perfect and sublime degrees, to take care that the 
 statutes and regulations, general and particular, of the Sovereign Grand Lodge 
 be kept and observed, and never to admit in it but true and legitimate 
 Brethren of Sublime Masonry. 
 
 To regulate and govern all the members which shall compose the said 
 Lodge which he may establish in any of the four quarters of the world, 
 at which he shall arrive or reside, under the title of Lodge of St. John, and 
 surnamed the " Perfect Harmony," we give him the power to raise such 
 ofiicers to assist him in the government of the said Lodge as he may think 
 proper, which officers we order and enjoin to obey and respect him. We 
 order and command all Masters of Regular Lodges, of whatever dignities 
 they may be, diffused over the surface of the two hemispheres, and of the 
 seas; and we pray and enjoin them in the name of our Most Illustrious 
 Grand Master to acknowledge him as such, and as we acknowledge him, our 
 Brother Etienne Morin, as the respectable Master of the Lodge the Perfect 
 Harmony ; and we depute him in quality of our Grand Inspector in all the parts 
 of the New World, to inforce the observance of our laws in general, &c., &c., 
 &-C., and by these presents constitute our dear Brother Etienne Morin, our 
 Grand Master Inspector, and authorize and give him power to establish in 
 every part of the world the Perfect and Sublime Masonry, &c., &c. 
 
 We pray, therefore, the Brethren in general to give to said Brother 
 Etienne Morin such assistance and succor that may be in their power, requir- 
 ing them to do as much towards all the Brethren who shall be members 
 of his Lodge, or whom he has admitted and constituted, or which he may 
 admit and constitute hereafter to the Sublime Degrees of High Perfection, 
 which we give him with full and entire power to multiply and to create 
 Inspectors in every place where the sublime degrees are not established, 
 knowing perfectly his great knowledge and capacity. 
 
 In testimony whereof, we have delivered to him these presents, signed by 
 the Substitute General of the Order, Grand Commander of the White and 
 Black Eagle, Sovereign Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, and Chief of 
 the Eminent Degree of the Royal Art ; and by us Grand Inspectors, Sublime 
 Officers of the Grand Council and of the Grand Lodge established in this 
 
JOHN JAMES JOSEPH GOURGAS, 33° 
 
 Born in France, 1777. 
 
 Died, New York, February 14, 1865. 
 
 Grand Secretary- General of the Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the 
 
 United States of America, 1813 to 1832,, 
 
 Sovereign Grand Commander, 1832 to 1851. 
 
 Honorary Past Grand Commanderj 1851 to 1865. 
 
 One of the Founders of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, 30°, 31°, 32°, in the City of New York, 
 
 August 6, 1806. 
 
 Grand Secretary of the Sovereign Rose Croix Chapter, Established in the City of New York in 
 
 1 797, the oldest lawful establishment of that grade in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction. 
 
 (From a photograph presented to the Author by 111.", D. Burnham Tracy, 35°, 
 Dean of the Supreme Council, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, U. S. A.) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 11 
 
 capital ; and we have sealed them with the great seal of our Illustrious Grand 
 Master, his Serene Highness, and with that of our Grand Lodge and Sovereign 
 Grand Council, at the Grand East of Paris, the Year of Light, 5761, or of the 
 Vulgar Era, the 27th August, 1761. 
 
 Chaillou, Substitute General of the Order, Venerable Master of the first 
 Lodge of France, called St. Thomas, Chief of the Eminent Degree, commander 
 and Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 
 Chalon De Jouville, Substitute General of the Order: Venerable Master 
 of the First Lodge in France, called. St. Anthony's; Chief of the Grand and 
 Eminent Commanders and Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, &c., &c. 
 
 Sovereign Prince De Rohan, Master of the Grand Intelligence Lodge, 
 Sovereign Prince of Masonry, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 La Corne, Substitute of the Grand Master, Right Worshipful Master of 
 the Trinity Lodge, Grand Elect Perfect Knight and Prince of Masons, &c., 
 &c., &c. 
 
 Maximilian De St. Simon, Senior Warden, Grand Elect Perfect Knight 
 and Prince of Masons, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 Topin, Grand Ambassador from his Serene Highness, Grand Elect Perfect 
 Master, Knight and Prince of Masons, &c., &c. 
 
 Count De Choiseuil, Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge of the 
 " Children of Glory," Grand Elect Perfect Master, Knight and Prince of 
 Masons, &c., &c. 
 
 Boucher De Lenoncour, Right Worshipful Master of the " Lodge of 
 Virtue," Grand Elect Perfect Master, Knight and Prince of Masons, &c., 
 &c., &c. 
 
 Brest De La Chaussee, Right Worshipful Master of the " Exactitude 
 Lodge," Grand Elect Perfect Master, Knight and Prince of Masons, &c., 
 &c., &c. 
 
 The seals of the Order were affixed and the Patent countersigned by: 
 
 Daubertain, Grand Elect Perfect Master, Knight and Prince of Masons, 
 Right Worshipful Master of the Lodge of " St. Alphonso", Grand Secretary 
 of the Grand Lodge of Sublime Council of Princes of Masons, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 I certify the above Patent to be a true translation from the French of the 
 one in my register. 
 
 Grand East of New York, this 24th of November, 1808. 
 
 J. J. J. GOURGAS, 
 Deputy Inspector General, &c., &c. 
 
 MoEiN arrived at Kingston, Jamaica, where he created Henry 
 Andrew Francken a Deputy Grand Inspector-General, with full 
 powers. 
 
 Francken visited the City of New York in 1767, where about 
 the 7th of October, by previous appointment, he met two Brethren, 
 members of Union Lodge, F. and A. M., of Albany, New York, 
 whom he initiated into the eleven Degrees, from Fourth to Four- 
 
W, Gamble 1769. 
 
 SECRET MASTER— FOURTH DEGREE. 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111,', William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 13 
 
 teenth Degree inclusive, embraced in the Lodge of Perfection, and 
 about a week later into the Degrees of the Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Degrees. 
 
 Several years ago, after much painstaking effort, it was my good 
 fortune to recover for and restore to Ineffable Lodge of Perfection 
 of Albany, New York, the original Minute Book, containing the 
 records of that old Body from 1767 to 1774, from which I now 
 quote without change : 
 
 INEFFABLE. 
 Memorandums. 
 
 About the 7th October 1767 Messr. Pfister & Gamble were Intro- 
 duced at New York to Mr. Henry Andrew Francken who a day or 
 two after, by Authority invested in him. Initiated them in the 11 
 Degrees of Ancient Masonry from the Secret Master being the 4th 
 to the Perfection which is the 14th and Known to be the utmost 
 Limits of Symbolick Masonry. 
 
 About a week after the above date Mr. Franckin conferred on 
 them the 2 first Degrees of Modern Masonry or Masonry Revived. 
 [Note. — The degrees here alluded to, are Knight of the East & 
 Prince of Jerusalem: the degrees above that of Perfection, being 
 denominated " degrees of Modern Masonry or Masonry revived." 
 Brs. Gamble & Van Pfister walked in procession the 28th day of 
 Deer, following in the capacity of Princes of Jerusalem. See page 
 3d. of these minutes.] and proposed to them that if they chose he 
 would erect A Lodge of Perfection at Albany and appoint Wm. 
 Gamble Master thereof (pro tempore) until Sir William Johnson 
 should have the refusal of it. they thankfully accepted of his offer, 
 on which gave them a Draft of a Constitution, whereof a fair draft 
 was to be made when they arrived in Albany & five Brethren should 
 be Initiated into the 14th Degr. About the Latter end of October 
 Mr. Swords & Lynot ware Introduced to Mr. Franckin by Wm. 
 Gamble who Conferr.d on them the degrees to perfection, which com- 
 pleated the Number to 4 and as Mr. Swords residence was at a 
 considerable distance from Albany Mr. Francken gave the above 4 
 a dispensation to Initiate at Albany Brothers Cartwright & Cuyler. 
 
 Mr. Richard Cartwright was Initiated in consequence of the 
 above dispensation the 6th Decemr. and considering of the Incon- 
 venience of Mr. Cuyler situation that he could not give that punctual 
 attendance which will be absolutely nessary in the Infancy of the 
 
If. Gamble 1769. 
 
 PROVOST AND JUDGE— SEVENTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the coUcction'of 111,'. William E. Filch,'"53°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 15 
 
 Lodge, it was agreed that Wm. Gamble should write to Mr. Franckin 
 for a Dispensation in favour of Mr. Stringer and at the same time 
 Inclosed him A fair fair copy of the Constitution to be signed and 
 sealed by him by the same post wrote to him for sundry Jewels which 
 I repeated in A Letter of the 14th December in which Letter A Copy 
 of the Bye Laws of Union Lodge was Inclosed with some additional 
 articles for the Ineffable Body and a Letter from Br. Cartwright to 
 Mr. Wetherhead of New York, wherein Mr. Franken had Credit for 
 i8. .10. . being the cost of the following articles pr. advice of Mr. 
 Francken the 5th Decemr. 
 
 One seal for the Ineffable Lodge £2. . 10. . 
 
 Two do. for Mr. Francken as the founder of our Lodge 
 
 which we made him a present of 5. . — . . 
 
 A Register Book of our Lodge i . . — . . 
 
 £8.. 10.. 
 
 Which sum the Brethren who have received prompt Initiations are 
 to pay share & share alike — said Letter to Mr. Wetherhead Likewise 
 contained a Credit for Mr. Francken for whatever Jewels and Nec- 
 essary the Lodge may write for the Jewels already ordered are viz. 
 
 for Pfister 1 2 ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^p^^^g 
 
 Gamble ) 
 
 Swords 1 
 
 Lynott I 
 
 Cartwright I" S Jewels of Perfection 
 
 Cuyler I 
 
 Stringer J 
 
 and 6 setts of Jewels for Candidates of the 4 Degr: Wrote at the 
 same time for a Dispensation for Raising a Worthy Master to the 
 Degree of Perfection to serve the Lodge in Capacity of Tyler, pro- 
 posing to allow him 4/ for each Lodge he Tyles and a Dollar from 
 each person who shall attain the Degr. of Perfection in this Body. 
 
 On Saturday evening the 19th Decmr. 1767 Received a dispen- 
 sation from Mr. Francken for Initiating Brother Stringer into the 
 Highest degrees of ancient Masonry. Accordingly the next eve- 
 ning he was regularly raised to the degree of Perfection in the 
 presence of Wm. Gamble, Fr. Pfister and Ricd. Cartwright. 
 
 Wrote Mr. Francken the 21st Decemr. an answer to his of the 
 nth & 14th an inclosed him a petition in favour of Leut. Augustin 
 
8 
 
 fV. Gambit 1769. 
 
 INTENDANT OF THE BUILDING— EIGHTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the collection of III,'. William E. Fitch, 3J°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 17 
 
 Prevost to have his consent to Initiate him in the several degrees 
 of Ancient Masonry as far as the perfection. 
 
 Saturday the 26th Decemr. Receiv.d from Mr. Francken pr. 
 Teller the post the following articles viz. 
 
 5 Jewels of Perfection Cost £8. .15. . 
 
 6 Triangles 3. . — . . 
 
 2 Sabres 3. . 10. . 
 
 £15.. s.. 
 
 and A Seal for the Ineffable Lodge Cost 2. . 10. . 
 
 Also advice that he had receiv.d the 2 seals which ware presented 
 him by our Body which Seals cost £5. . o. . o. . Mr. Francken sent 
 us by same conveyance our Constitution Signed and Sealed. 
 
 Munday the 28th the Members of the Ineffable Body that ware 
 in town went in Procession with their Bretheren of Union Lodge 
 the Members ware Br. Stringer Br. Lynott Br. Cartwright Br. Gam- 
 ble & Br. Pfister. 
 
 The Order of Procession was 
 
 Tyler 
 Musick 
 Apprintices 
 Fellow Crafts 
 2 Deacons 
 Masters 
 Past Masters 
 Wardens 
 Secretary 
 Master 
 Mason 9 Degree 
 Do 14 Do 
 Princes of Jerusalem & 2 Stewards. 
 
 On Saturday the 2d. Jenuy 1768 Brother Jeremiah Van Rens- 
 selaer gave Br. Gamble a petition for the Master &c of the Ineffable 
 Lodge, praying to be initiated into the highest degrees of Ancient 
 Masonry to be Laid before the Body the first time they meet. 
 
 The same day received a Letter from Mr. Francken inclosing 
 Br. Prevost. s petition Granted he Likewise Inclosed the Laws of 
 the Ineffable Lodge signed and sealed, the Members in town ware 
 imediately assembled and the Bye Laws opened and read to the 
 General Sattisfaction all present. 
 
 (2) 
 
Oth. E. Knl' 
 
 W. Gamble Del: 1769. 
 
 KNIGHT ELECT OF NINE— NINTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111.-. William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 19 
 
 On Sunday 3 Jeny Br. Henry Cuyler was Initiated as far as the 
 perfection in presence of Wm. Gamble F. J. V. Pfister and Richard 
 Cartwright when Thursday the 7 Instant was appointed for the 
 formal opening of the Lodge of Perfection. 
 
 Tuesday, 5th Jenuy Wrote Mr. Francken an answer to his 3 
 favours of 14 & 21st ulto. & the 28th following acknowledged the 
 Receip of the Constitution the Jewels and By Laws : desiring him not 
 to bespeek any more Jewels than what may be in hand as we can get 
 them made here. Acquainted him with our Procession. Inclosed 
 him a Petition from the Body in favour of Br. J. V. Rensselaer, 
 acquainted him with the Raising Br. Cuyler & that the Lodge was 
 to be formally opened on thursday next 
 
 the same day at 12 oclock we Initiated Br. Henry Beazly into 
 the 4 degrees of Masonry Agreeable to the Laws Gratis to serve the 
 Body in Quality of Tyler, in the Presence of Br. Gamble, Br. Pfister 
 Br. Stringer & Br. Cartwright 
 
 the same day at 5 oclock in afternoon Br. Augustin Prevost was 
 Initiated into the 4 Degree of Masonry in the Presence of Br. Gam- 
 ble, Br. Pfister Br. Stringer & Br. Cartwright — 
 
 The Expences ware as viz — 
 
 For the ist five steps £2. .10. . — 
 
 Triangle o. . 10. .■ — 
 
 Ivory Key o. . 8. . — ■ 
 
 Apron & Order 21/6 Tyler 4/ I. . 5. . 6 
 
 £4.-13.. 6 
 
 Br. Prevost's dues Brt. forward £4.. 13.. 6 
 
 of which he paid at same time 3. . 5. . — 
 
 Remains due £1.. 8.. 6 
 
 Bought of John Glen 3 yds. Black Strouds @ 10/8 pr. yd. I. .12. . 
 & 6th Jeny paid him pr. Receipt 
 
 the 9th Bespoke of Jacob G. Lansing a Jewel of Perfection for 
 the Tyler, a Triangle of 4th degree & a Jewel of 5th by way of 
 experimt. Sent him a Jewel of Perfection for a patteren the same 
 day Bespoke of Stephen March 8 columns for Lodge of P Master 
 
 in the evening the Sr. Stephen March a Native of Newark in the 
 Jersey & a carpenter by trade gave a Petition to be Laid before the 
 Lodge at their first Meeting praying to be Initiated into the higher 
 degrees of Ancient Masonry. 
 

 
 
 W. Gambit 1769. 
 
 SUBLIME KNIGHT ELECT— ELEVENTH DEGREE. 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111.'. William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 31 
 
 The II wrote Mr. Franckin and acquaint. d him. we had Com- 
 municated his proposals to Sr. William Johnson & that he Might 
 expect his sentiments the Next post. Inclosed him a Petition in 
 favour or Br. Stephen March and acquainted him we had Bespok 
 Collumns for the Pt. Masters Lodge & by way of Experiment a 
 Jewel of Perfn. of St. Mr. and of Perft. Mr. and promiced to 
 acquaint him with the price & Quality. 
 
 Lodge No. i. 
 
 Albany nth Jenuy 1768 
 
 Lodge in due form — of — Perf n. 
 
 Present Absent 
 
 William Gamble Francis J. V. Pfister 
 
 Thomas Lynott Thomas Swords 
 
 Richad. Cartwright Augustin Prevost 
 
 Henry Cuyler 
 Samuel Stringer 
 
 and 
 Henry Beazly. Tyler 
 
 The Constitution. Dispensation Laws & the founders Instruc- 
 tion to the Master ware read, as Likewise a proposal to the Union 
 Union Lodge, that the Ineffable Body should have a Joynt Right in 
 the Intended Building, to which they are principle subscribers. 
 
 The Master Appointed his officers viz 
 
 Samuel Stringer Sr : G : W : 
 
 Thomas Lynott Jur : G : W : 
 
 Richard Cartwright Gr : Treas : 
 
 Henry Cuyler G : Secy 
 
 Thomas Swords & 
 
 Augustin Prevost 
 
 !■ G: Stewards 
 
 It was proposed that the Members of this Body should contribute 
 to it.s Support 20/ pr. An. : and Agreed to — it was Likewise pro- 
 posed that a Member desireous of Being rais.d faster than the Laws 
 allow, and under a Nesassity of Leving the Province should pay 
 for Each degree to the Illustrious Knights 20/ for the R.Arch 40/ 
 and for the Perfection £3 & agreed to 
 

 PRINCE OF JERUSALEM— SIXTEENTH DEGREE 
 
 From the original in the collection of III.*. William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 33 
 
 It was also proposed that a candidate shall pay pay 50/ — at his 
 member in case of a procession if in town and able to walk and 
 refuses to Joyn in the solemnity shall pay a fine of £3.. 4.0.. 
 Agreed to. 
 
 It was proposed that a candidate shall pay 50/- at his admission 
 for the 5 first steps from the St : M : to the Int : of Builds : 40/- on 
 his Initiation into the 9th degr. for that and the 3 following steps 
 to the Illus sr : Knts : and 50/- on receiving the degree of Royal Arch, 
 for that and the Perfection 
 
 Being in the whole £7. .0. .0 
 
 & to the Tyler o. .8. .0 
 
 Besides Jewels &c £7. .8. .0 
 
 It was farther proposed that the members of this Body shall 
 pay Br : Cartwright 1/ each for the use of the Room and fire every 
 Lodge Night and that the Body shall provide their own Candles and 
 have the use of one Closet entirely — likewise that if any member 
 chuses any Moderate Refreshment, it shall be at his own cost. It 
 was unanimously agreed the Monday night of every week shall be 
 the ordinary Lodge night at 6 oclock during the winter. 
 
 Each member paid his dues to the Grand Treasurer for the amt : 
 of his order Jewels & other matters viz : 
 
 Gamble £5 
 
 ..I. .7^ 
 
 Pfister S..7. .4^4 
 
 Swords S 
 
 . .4. .oVz 
 
 Lynott S'-A'-oyi 
 
 Cartwright 5 
 
 Cuyler S 
 
 Stringer S 
 
 ..4..oyz 
 ..I. .3^ 
 
 £36.. 7. .6 
 
 The G: Treasy has remitted to New York to pay for Jewels £23. .12. .- 
 Lodge closed till Munday next. 
 
 Tuesday the 12th. . Jan: ordered Donaldson to make 2 sets of 
 orders & aprons for the candidates of the 4th degr. & 3 setts of the 
 5th degr 
 
PRINCE OF JERUSALEM— SIXTEENTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111.-. William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 25 
 
 Lodge No 2 
 
 Albany i8th Jany 1768 
 
 Lodge of 4th degree in Due Form 
 
 Brothr. Jeremiah V. Rensselaer was Initiated into this degree 
 agreeable to Br. Franckin's Grant in presence of 
 
 William Gamble Absent 
 
 Franc : Pfister Thos : Swords 
 
 Richd Cartwright Henry Cuyler 
 
 Thos Lynott 
 Saml : Stringer 
 Augs Prevost 
 
 Lodge closed till Munday next 
 
 Lodge No 3 
 
 Albany 25th Jan: 1768 
 Lodge in due form 4th Degree 
 
 Brother Stephen March was Initiated into this degree and paid 
 his dues. & for his order & Jewels the sum of £4. .7. .0 and signed 
 the Laws 
 
 Lodge No 24 
 
 Albany 20th Feby 1769 
 Br. Stringer presented a written submission to the Tribunal 
 of the Grand Council of Princes of the Royal Secret, from our 
 Founder to be signed by the several Members of this Body. 
 
 • Lodge No 28 
 
 Albany 27 March 1769 
 Br. Samuel Stringer produced to the Lodge a Warrant from 
 our Worpl : Founder, Constituting him a Dep'y Grd Inspector, 
 which was read and admitted of by the Body. 
 
'-■ -^ 
 
 f>^ 
 
 
 PRINCE OF JERUSALEM— SIXTEENTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the collection of III.', William E. Fitch, 33O) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 27 
 
 Johnson-Hall 12 April 1769 
 Br. Sir William Johnson was by Dispensation from our Wor- 
 shipful Founder raised to the Sublime Deg: of Perfection in 
 presence of Brs. Stringer & Gamble, and signed the Bye Laws 
 
 Sr. Wm. paid to Br. Gamble 6 half Joanne's £ 19 - 4 - ,, 
 
 Lodge No 46 
 
 Albany 16 April 1770 
 A Petition from the Wardens & Brethren of St. John's Lodge 
 New York was read in behalf of Br. Hampton a Sufferer by Fire 
 — and a Subscription List was ordered to be made out and to lie 
 upon the Table as long as there was a Prospect of getting any 
 Addition — 
 
 Lodge No. 54 
 
 St. John's Day Albany 24th. June 1770. 
 Br. Stringer read the Statute's & Regulations of the Lodges of 
 Perfection, lately receiv'd from our Worshipful Founder Henry 
 Andrew Francken at Jamaica, then read the Bye Laws ; after which 
 Brs. Smith & Bain signed their Submission 
 
 Lodge No 58 
 
 Albany 3d. Sepr. 1770 
 Br. Stringer Depy. Inspr. acquainting the Body that he had 
 receiv'd an Order from the Founder to transmit the Minutes of 
 the Lodge, & the state thereof to be forwarded to Berlin ; in Order 
 that Minutes & Accounts might be regularly Enter'd and Posted 
 in their proper Books purchased for that use 
 
KNIGHT OF THE EAST AND WEST— SEVENTEENTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111.-. William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 29 
 
 Lodge No 70 
 
 Albany 27th May 1771 
 Lodge in due Form 
 Present 
 Samuel Stringer 
 
 Ter. V. Rensselaer Senr. 1 ,,, , 
 T T> • T r Warden 
 
 James Bam Junr. j 
 
 David Smith 
 
 Henry Beasly 
 
 Visitors Samuel Brentnell 
 
 Capt. Honore Dubois de Lamitiere of the Regiment of Languedoc, 
 aged 36 years, a native of Sable's d'Olonne Knt: of the Electd 
 by his Certificate dated ist March 1768 at the Grd. Lodge of 
 Bordeaux 
 
 Lodge in due form 
 
 Albany 6th June 1774. 
 
 Present Absent 
 
 Samuel Stringer Inspr. James Caldwell 
 
 Jeremiah Van Rensselaer Warden Jacob J. Lansingh (out of Town) 
 Robert Mc. Clallen Treasr. A. Crukshank (sick) 
 
 Robert Henry Junr. Secy. 
 William Gray 
 Abram Eights 
 James Vernor 
 John H. Wendell 
 Peter W. Yates 
 
 Brs. Yates and Vernor paid for being absent last Lodge Night. . £o„4„ 
 
 Br. Ristine sign'd the Laws this Evening. 
 
 Brs. Yates and Ristine were rais'd to the degree of Perfect 
 JVIaster. 
 
 The Body have received an Extract from the Minutes of the 
 Grand Lodge held in New York the 14th May last Relative to the 
 disputes between this and Union Lodge in this City, wherein the 
 Grand Lodge have Resolved that they shall take the Presidence in 
 a Procession according to the Seniority of their Provencial War- 
 rants ; But as this Body is not under their Jurisdiction they have 
 resolved to pay no regard to their determination. 
 
 It appears by the Minutes of the Grand Lodge that the follow- 
 ing Persons are not to be looked upon as Masons (Viz) Mr. Fiva, 
 
SUBLIME PRINCE OF THE ROYAL SECRET 
 OLD TWENTY-FIFTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111.-. William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 31 
 
 Monsr. Portellis and Mons. Lugrain, unless they apply to, and are 
 properly enter'd in a regular Lodge. 
 
 Lodge clos'd 'till this night Fortnight. 
 
 Albany i8th July 1774 
 Lodge in due form 
 
 Present Out of Town 
 
 Samuel Stringer Inspr. Jacob J. Lansingh 
 
 Jeremiah Van Rensselaer Warden 
 
 Robert Mc. Clallen Treasr. Visitor Br. Walter V. Wemple 
 
 Robert Henry Junr. Secy. 
 Alexander Crul<shank 
 James Caldwell 
 William Gray 
 John H. Wendell. 
 James Vernor 
 Peter W. Yates 
 Abram Eights 
 John Ristine 
 
 Br. Yates paid for being absent last Lodge Night ,. „ 2. — 
 
 Br. Henry paid for coming late 6 
 
 — .. 2 „ 6 
 Br. Wemple paid for his visit 2 
 
 Brs. Eights, Vernor & Ristine were rais'd to the 9th Degree. 
 
 The Right Worshipful Br. Stringer has agreeable to a Petition 
 presented to him by the Body Regulated the dues of Initiation as 
 follows Vizt 
 
 1st That every Brother admitted into the 4th degree and 
 becoming a Member of this Lodge shall sign the Laws, 
 and pay to the Secretary for that and the four follow- 
 ing degrees as far as Provost and Judge ^2 „ 10 „ o 
 
 and to the Tyler „ „ 8 „ — ■ 
 
 2 For the pth degree or 9 Elected Knights and the 3 succeed- 
 
 ing ones as far as the 12th or Grand Master Architect. 3 „ „ 
 
 3 For the 13th Degree or Royal Arch i „ „ ,, — 
 
 4 For the 14th Degree or Perfection i ,, 10 — 
 
 £8 
 
 5 The dues of Quarterage to be five shillings each quarter. 
 
 6 The fines for coming after Lodge hour to be sixpence. 
 
 7 These Laws to take place from 24th June 1773. 
 
 Lodge closed till this Night Fortnight. 
 
KNIGHT OF THE SUN— TWENTY-EIGHTH DEGREE 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111.*. William E. Fitch, 33°) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 33 
 
 Ineffable Lodge of Perfection of Albany, New York, and Grand 
 Council of Princes of Jerusalem of Albany, New York, were both 
 warranted on December 20, 1767, and have existed one hundred and 
 thirty-eight years. 
 
 I am pleased herewith to introduce a fine half-tone of the origi- 
 nal Charter of Ineffable Lodge of Perfection, which is the oldest 
 working Body of the Scottish Rite known. 
 
 Entries in the old Minute Book contain the statements that 
 reports were regularly forwarded to the Grand Councils at Berlin 
 and Paris, as in the case of Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, of 
 Philadelphia, of which a photographic reproduction from the records 
 of 1785 appears on pages 171-174 of this book. 
 
 William Gamble, who was the first Thrice Potent Grand Master 
 of Ineffable and Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, of Albany, 
 N. Y., from 1767 till March 27, 1769, was a civil engineer and 
 designer by occupation, and from his hand came many artistic 
 drawings, among the most interesting and valuable to us being pen 
 sketches of the tracing-boards of several Degrees. These sketches, 
 reproductions of which, taken from the originals, are herein illus- 
 trated, were made by him in 1769 and bear his imprint. This work 
 shows Brother Gamble to have been a deep Masonic student, as it 
 must have required a full understanding of each Degree to illus- 
 trate by pen the true meaning of the ancient work. To us of the 
 beloved Rite they are gems of art, and treasured as such by the 
 oldest Scottish Rite Body. 
 
 The originals from which these reproductions have been made, 
 are in the collection of Illustrious William E. Fitch, 33°, at 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
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 WARRANT ISSUED BY GRAND COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM 
 
 Founded at Albany, New York, December 20, 1767 
 
 The Oldest Working Council in the World 
 
 (From the original in the collection of 111.-. William E. Fitch, ];») 
 
THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 OF SOVEREIGN GRAND INSPECTORS-GENERAL OF 
 
 THE THIRTY-THIRD AND LAST DEGREE OF 
 
 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH 
 
 RITE OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 FOR 
 
 THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF 
 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 is the result of a solemn Treaty of Union entered into, in May, 1867, 
 between the theretofore existing Supreme Councils in the Northern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction, each of which claimed jurisdiction in this 
 territory to the discomfiture of the other. 
 
 In this respect, the Scottish Rite passed through exactly the same 
 experiences as did the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, which 
 was split up into numerous conflicting Grand Lodges by continuous 
 factional contentions from 1823 to 1858, when the present Grand 
 Lodge was formed. 
 
 Between those years there arose and flourished for a time 
 
 The City Grand Lodge, 
 
 The Country Grand Lodge, 
 
 The Grand Lodge Proper, 
 
 The St. John's Grand Lodge, 
 
 The Phillips Grand Lodge, 
 
 The Second St. John's Grand Lodge. 
 
 At different times these schismatic Grand Lodges were united 
 with the regular Grand Lodge. 
 
 As the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite draws for its membership 
 on the Masons made in Symbolic Lodges, and as most of the Breth- 
 ren prominent in the Grand Lodge were also actively interested in 
 the Scottish Rite, it is but natural that the differences originating 
 in one branch should be carried into the other. 
 
36 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 In 1856, Judge John L. Lewis became Grand Master of the 
 Grand Lodge of the State of New York. 
 
 He was of a conciliatory, broad-minded, kindly disposition, the 
 soul of honor, and a Freemason " Sans peur et sans reproche," under 
 whose inspiration negotiations for the settlement of the differences 
 between the various factions were brought to an honorable conclu- 
 sion in 1858, when the present Grand Lodge was formed, and Brother 
 Lewis continued as Grand Master during 1858 and 1859, declining 
 re-election in i860. 
 
 It is a remarkable tribute to the beneficent operation of the prin- 
 ciple of benevolent assimilation, that only spasmodic and feeble 
 attempts have since been made to impair the foundation so firmly laid 
 Ijy the Symbolic Grand Lodge or to deface its superstructure, the 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 Thirty-eight years have passed since that memorable 17th of May, 
 1867, when the Pillars of the Scottish Rite signed the Oath of Fealty, 
 and since then time has amply demonstrated that " Peace hath her 
 Victories no less renowned than War," for The Supreme Council 
 for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of 
 America is to-day the most important, the most active, the 
 most numerous, and the* wealthiest Supreme Council in the 
 World. 
 
JOHN L. LEWIS, 33". 
 
JOHN L. LEWIS, 33° 
 
 One of the most influential Freemasons that the Empire State has 
 ever produced was the late John L. Lewis^ born at Dresden, Yates 
 County, N. Y., July 17, 1813, and for seventy-five years a resident in 
 that section, dying at Penn Yan, N. Y., June 12, 1888. 
 
 At the age of twenty-two he was admitted to the Bar, and at 
 twenty-four he was appointed District Attorney, which office he held 
 for eleven years. He also served as Judge of Yates County four 
 years. 
 
 His Masonic career was remarkable. Initiated in Milo Lodge, 
 No. 108, at Penn Yan, May 1, 1846; appointed Junior Grand Deacon 
 in the Grand Lodge of New York in 1850, and the same year created 
 a member of the "Union Committee," the result of whose labors 
 was the Union of the sctiismatic St. John's Grand Lodge with 
 that of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York. 
 
 In 1856, Brother Lewis was chosen Grand Master of the Grand 
 Lodge, accepting re-election in 1857, 1858, and 1859, ^^'^ declining 
 re-election in i860. 
 
 Brother Lewis was elected Grand High Priest of the Grand 
 Chapter of the State of New York in 1850, and General Grand High 
 Priest of the General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons in the 
 United States in 1865. 
 
 In 1851, Brother Lewis was elected Grand Generalissimo of the 
 Grand Commandery of New York, and represented that Body at the 
 next triennial Conclave of the General Grand Encampment of the 
 United States. 
 
 In June, 1854, Brother Lewis turned his attention to the Ancient 
 Accepted Scottish Rite, and gradually traveled through Lodge, 
 Council, Chapter, and Consistory, becoming the First Lieutenant- 
 Commander of Cosmopolitan Consistory, of the City of New York, 
 in i860. 
 
 On June 5, 1862, he was created an Inspector-General, 33°, Hon- 
 orary, and on June 16, 1863, he was crowned an Active Mem- 
 ber of the newly united Cerneau-Raymond Supreme Council, 
 which was formed Februar)- 7, 1863, by a solemn Treaty of Union 
 between the Supreme Councils commanded by Edmund B. Hays 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 39 
 
 and Edward A. Raymond, the Body taking the name of " The 
 Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite for the 
 United States of America, its Territories and Dependencies," 
 
 with Edmund B. Hays as Grand Commander, and Edward A. 
 Raymond as Deputy Grand Commander, with its Grand East in 
 the City of New York. 
 
 Thus the Cerneau Supreme Council was then merged beyond 
 the power of any combination of Inspectors-General to revive it. 
 
 In 1867, Simon W. Robinson, Grand Commander of that 
 Supreme Council, resigned and was succeeded by John L. Lewis. 
 
 Peace negotiations had long been in progress between the Cer- 
 neau-Raymond Council and tlie Supreme Council for the Northern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States, of which Killian H. Van 
 Rensselaer was Grand Commander, with its Grand East at Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 The ripe experience which Brother John L. Lewis had gained 
 in bringing about the union of the schismatic St. John's Grand 
 Lodge with the regular Grand Lodge of the State of New York but 
 a few years before, eminently qualified him to act as peacemaker in 
 the adjustment of the terms of an honorable consolidation of the 
 conflicting Supreme Councils into one united Supreme Council. 
 
 I now quote from the 
 
 PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED SUPREME COUNQL, 
 BOSTON, MAY J 7, J 867. 
 
 " The Illustrious brethren Sovereign Grand Inspectors General 
 ^^", attached to the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United 
 States, being assembled in Council Chamber, Illustrious Josiah H. 
 Drummond was introduced by 111.'. Brothers K. H. Van Rens- 
 selaer and John L. Lewis, and after taking the Oath of Fealty was 
 declared Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander of A.'. A.'. 
 S.'. Rite for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States 
 of America. The M.". P.'. Sov.*. Gr.". Commander then adminis- 
 tered the Oath of Fealty to 111 .' Bros. K. H. Van Rensselaer and 
 John L. Lewis, the last Grand Commanders of the two Supreme 
 Councils heretofore claiming jurisdiction. 
 
40 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Before taking the obligation, 111.-. Bro. Lewis addressed the 
 M.-. P.-. S.'. Q.-. Com... and the 111.-. Brethren, giving them a 
 brief account of his connection with the Rite, and the very 
 distinguished honors that had been conferred on him by the 
 111.-, Brethren, all of which he now with pleasure resigned, 
 laying upon that Altar before which he was about to kneel, 
 all authority theretofore claimed by the Illustrious Brothers 
 
 CERNEAU 
 
 CLINTON 
 
 ATWOOD 
 
 RAYMOND 
 
 HAYS, and 
 
 ROBINSON 
 
 of which he was the custodian by virtue of being their direct 
 successor, pledging himself henceforth to know but the one 
 governing Body for this Jurisdiction, and to use his best efforts 
 for its harmony and perpetuity." 
 
 In the quiet little churchyard at Penn Yan, N. Y., there is a 
 memorial to Brother John L. Lewis. It is an obelisk of Barre 
 granite, thirty-three feet high. 
 
 The expense of this enduring monument was borne, through 
 equal contributions of about $500 each, by 
 
 The Grand Lodge of the State of New York. 
 The Grand Chapter of the State of New York. 
 The Grand Commandery of the State of New York. 
 The Supreme Council, 33", for the Northern Masonic 
 Jurisdiction of the United States of America. 
 
 As a member of the Supreme Council, I had the distinguished 
 honor to serve on the Monument Committee, and as a student of 
 Masonic History I will ever regard the monument as a fitting 
 memorial to 
 
 ILLUSTRIOUS BROTHER JOHN L. LEWIS, 33", 
 The Great Masonic Peacemaker. 
 
DANIEL D. TOMPKINS 
 
 AND 
 
 DE WITT CLINTON 
 
 REMARKABLE PARALLEL IN THEIR EXPERIENCES 
 
 " I have done the State some service, and they know t. 
 No more of that. I pray you in your letters, 
 
 Speak of me as I am : nothing extenuate. 
 Nor set down aught in malice." 
 
 This chapter of my contribution to Scottish Rite History has 
 given me more concern than any I have yet put into print. 
 
 Throughout it, I must at times leave to the student of psychology 
 as manifested in human nature (for none other can comprehend the 
 complex operations of the mind) a personal analysis of the motives 
 that urged each, and the means employed by each, to accomplish his 
 purposes. 
 
 The crest of George Washington bears the motto " Exitus Acta 
 Probat." I am heartily in sympathy with that sentiment when 
 applied to Scottish Rite events occurring a century ago, the outcome 
 of which we may now complacently accept, with the thought that 
 " All's well that ends well." 
 
 The twenty-five years covering tlie first quarter of the last 
 century witnessed a neck and neck race for social, political, and 
 Masonic prestige between Daniel D. Tompkins and De Witt Clin ion, 
 the parallel of which is not to be, found in all the world's history. 
 
 No two contemporaries, in the development of the State of New 
 York in particular, and the United States in general, did more for 
 the lasting benefit and material advantage for posterity than Daniel 
 D. Tompkins and De Witt Clinton. 
 
 It would ill become any writer to detract in the slightest degree 
 from the great debt of gratitude we of the present time owe to both. 
 
 It is, therefore, with feelings of extreme reluctance that I shed 
 the light of my intelligence, as God has given me to understand 
 the history of Masonic events of a century ago, upon that act in 
 
42 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 De Witt Clinton's Masonic experience, which seems to have been 
 influenced by motives that leave the mind in a quandary. 
 
 When, a short time ago, it was made apparent to me that condi- 
 tions favored an explanation of recent occurrences, I determined to 
 refrain as much as possible from allusions to the early misunder- 
 standings in the Grand Lodge of the State of New York and the 
 Scottish Rite in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, thinking that 
 the simple plea of " Res adjudicata " should suffice; but it has been 
 made clear to me recently that some allusion to events in the Scot- 
 tish Rite prior to 1867 must now be made to establish concatenation 
 by logical deduction and sequence. 
 
 This, it seems to me, can most honorably be accomplished by 
 inviting your attention to the startling parallel that defines the life's 
 activities of Daniel D. Tompkins and De Witt Clinton, two 
 remarkable men, who seem to have traveled in the same orbit, with 
 equal brilliancy illuminating the heavens with their wonderful genius. 
 
 Each found it possible to equal the achievements of the 
 other in nearly every avenue of ambition, at times one eclipsing 
 the other, only to find positions reversed at the first favorable 
 opportunity. 
 
 THERE COULD FOLLOW BUT ONE RESULT FROM SUCH 
 RELENTLESS RIVALRY. 
 
 The laws of nature are inexorable. Tompkins by twenty years, 
 and Clinton by ten years, shortened the allotted span of life, and, 
 when the balance was struck by the executors of their estates, the 
 results demonstrated that each had sacrificed all material wealth in 
 the struggle. 
 
 Daniel D. Tompkins and De Witt Clinton were both gradu- 
 ated at Columbia College, New York: Clinton in 1786, and 
 Tompkins in 1795. 
 
 Both studied law. 
 
 Both were elected to the State Legislature: Clinton in 1797, and 
 Tompkins in 1801. 
 
 Clinton was elected to the Senate of the United States in 1801, 
 and appointed Mayor of the City of New York, 1803 to 1814. 
 
 Tompkins was a member of the United States Congress in 1804, 
 and the same year was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 New York. 
 
 Tompkins was Governor of the State of New York from 1807 
 to 1817, with Clinton as Lieutenant-Governor from 181 1 to 1813. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 43 
 
 Clinton was elected to succeed Tompkins as Governor in 1816, 
 and re-elected over Tompkins in 1820. 
 
 Tompkins was elected Vice-President of the United States in 
 1816, and re-elected to that high office in 1820. 
 
 Clinton was Grand Master of Masons in New York from 1806 
 to 1819. 
 
 Tompkins succeeded Clinton as Grand Master of Masons in 
 1820, and re-elected in 1821, being at the same time Vice-President 
 of the United States. 
 
 Each aspired to the Presidency of the United States, but neither 
 had that ambition gratified. 
 
 Tompkins, in 1817, during the last year of his ten years' service 
 as Governor, sent a message to the Legislature recommending the 
 abolition of slavery in the State of New York, and the Legislature 
 fixed July 4, 1827, as the date on which it should take effect. 
 
 Clinton, in 1817, having succeeded Tompkins as Governor, the 
 Legislature early in that year passed a bill authorizing the construc- 
 tion of the Erie Canal. 
 
 Tompkins died June 11, 1825. 
 
 Clinton, in October, 1825, was conveyed in a barge through the 
 Erie Canal, with triumphal demonstrations from Lake Erie to the 
 City of New York. 
 
 He was re-elected Governor in 1826, and died February 11, 1828, 
 at Albany, N. Y., before the expiration of his term of office. 
 
 Tompkins was Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of New 
 York from 1801 to 1805. 
 
 Clinton became Grand Master in 1806. 
 
 Cerneau, his lodge having been denounced to the government, 
 was ordered to quit the Island of Cuba, whence he arrived in the 
 City of New York in 1806, and duped Clinton into accepting the 
 Presiding Office in the Body established by him in 1807, which 
 has been condemned as Illegitimate, Spurious and Clandestine 
 by every Supreme Council in the World. 
 
 The Constitutions of 1762, together with the Grand Constitu- 
 tions of 1786, are the fundamental law of the Ancient Accepted 
 Scottish Rite, and are acknowledged as such by every regular 
 Supreme Council in the world. 
 
 Under these Constitutions, the Supreme Council for the Southern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction was organized at Charleston, South Carolina, 
 1801, and the Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdic- 
 tion of the United States of America was organized at the City of 
 
44 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 New York, and Daniel D. Tompkins^ at the time Governor of the 
 State of New York, became Grand Commander in 1813. 
 
 Clinton accepted the oiiSce of Commander of the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory established by Joseph Cerneau, the status of 
 which I do not in this article propose to discuss, any more than I 
 would point the finger of scorn at a child born out of wedlock, whose 
 parents in time repaired the wrong by a later marriage, and by that 
 act placed the seal of legitimacy upon the child — which is the senti- 
 ment underlying the attitude of the Grand Lodge of the State of New 
 York, in recognizing the Brethren raised in Lodges warranted by 
 the schismatic Grand Lodges which flourished so numerously at 
 different times prior to the final Union of 1858, when the present 
 Grand Lodge of the State of Xew York was formed. 
 
 It was also this desire for a lasting peace which, by a generous 
 recognition of all conflicting Supreme Councils at that time, made 
 possible the Union of 1867, when the present Supreme Council for the 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America was 
 formed. 
 
 Tompkins was elected Sovereign Grand Commander of the 
 first Supreme Council of the Thirty=third Degree regularly 
 established in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United 
 States of America, under the Constitutions and Regulations of 
 1762, and the Grand Constitutions of 1786, which Supreme 
 Council has received the recognition of every Supreme Council 
 in the World. 
 
SPURIOUS AND CLANDESTINE SCOTTISH 
 RITE MASONRY 
 
 (A Reference Pamphlet issued by the Council of Deliberation for the State of New York) 
 
 SUPREME COUNCILS 
 
 There are thirty Supreme Councils in the world, twenty-eight 
 of which are in close compact ; to wit : Those for the Northern and 
 Southern Masonic Jurisdictions of the United States, France, Spain, 
 Belgium, Ireland, Brazil, Peru, New Granada, England and Wales. 
 Scotland, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine Republic, Rome (Italy), 
 Colon (Cuba), Hungary, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, 
 Portugal, Chili, Central America, Greece, Switzerland, Canada, 
 Egypt, and Tunis. 
 
 The remaining two that have not yet been received into the 
 general family of Supreme Bodies are those of Turkey and Luxem- 
 bourg. 
 
 The above-mentioned Supreme Councils of the Scottish Rite are 
 pervaded with the spirit of the Congress of the Supreme Councils 
 held at Lausanne, Switzerland, September 22, 1875, recognizing and 
 proclaiming the Constitutions of May i, 1786, as the fundamental 
 law. They obligated themselves to maintain and defend with all 
 their power the territorial jurisdiction of the several Supreme 
 Councils, among which were the Supreme Council for the Northern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction and the Supreme Council for the Southern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States. 
 
 ILLEGITIMATE ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 There are illegitimate organizations claiming to be of the Scot- 
 tish Rite, having their Grand East in the City of New York, each 
 pretending to have jurisdiction over the United States. One is 
 known as the " Folger-Thompson-Gorman Council," and the other 
 as the " Seymour-Peckham Council." Neither of these organiza- 
 tions is recognized by a Supreme Council in the world, nor will 
 their members ever be received as Brethren of the Scottish Rite, 
 while those of the regular organizations are welcomed in every land. 
 
46 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 THE VERDICT 
 
 The judgment of all the regular Supreme Councils is final, for 
 there can be no appeal. Their verdict of " Clandestine " against 
 the illegitimate claimants has been pronounced and recorded. 
 
 As to the matter of illegitimacy we might stop here, but so many 
 false statements have been made that further facts should be set 
 forth. 
 
 THE RITE OF PERFECTION 
 
 There was a Rite of Perfection of twenty-five Degrees, promul- 
 gated with Constitutions in 1762. This system of Masonry was the 
 foundation of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 THE SCOTTISH RITE SYSTEM 
 
 The Constitutions which form the immediate base of the Scot- 
 tish Rite System bear date of 1786, and constitute the " Ancient 
 Accepted Scottish Rite " by interpolating eight Degrees in the Rite 
 of Perfection, which it embosomed. Hence, without the organic 
 laws of 1762 and 1786 the Rite can not exist. No action as of a 
 Supreme Council is recorded under these laws until the formation 
 by Colonel John Mitchell and Rev. Frederick Dalcho (and the 
 subsequent addition of seven companions) of the Supreme Council 
 for the United States, at Charleston, S. C, on the 31st of May, 
 1801, from which all other Supreme Councils of the world have 
 emanated directly or indirectly. 
 
 The Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction 
 bears date August 5, i8i3, when Emanuel de la Motta, Grand 
 Treasurer General of the Supreme Council of the United States, 
 having its Grand East at Charleston, S. C, under authority, 
 organized the Northern Supreme Council in the City of New York, 
 which thereby divided the entire territory into the Northern 
 Supreme Council and the Southern Supreme Council. 
 
 DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE 
 UNITED STATES, WAS MADE SOVEREIGN GRAND COM- 
 MANDER, and Sampson Simson his Lieutenant ; John G. Tardy, 
 Treasurer ; John J. J. Gourgas, Secretary-General ; Richard Riker, 
 INIaster of Ceremonies, and M. L. M. Peixotto, Captain of the 
 Guard. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 47 
 
 JOSEPH CERNEAU 
 
 The two illegitimate organizations spring from a different origin. 
 They are in violent antagonism, and thus at least one must be in 
 gross error. Their parentage is Joseph Cerneau, a Frenchman, born 
 in 1763, a jeweler, refugee, from Cuba, who arrived in New York 
 in November, 1806. 
 
 Cerneau received the Degrees of the Rite of Perfection at Port 
 au Prince from Mathieu Dupotet. Cerneau was also made a Deputy 
 Inspector for the northern part of Cuba, in July, 1806. The second 
 article of the Constitutions of 1762 limits the number of Degrees to 
 twenty-five, the last of which is called Sublime Prince of the Royal 
 Secret. Cerneau's power was of no avail outside of Cuba or beyond 
 the Twenty-fifth Degree ; in fact, his patent authorized him " to 
 promote Masons to and including the Twenty-fourth Degree, in the 
 name of said Council ('Triple Unity'), at Port au Prince, the 
 highest Degrees to be conferred on ' one only each year.' " 
 
 Dupotet could have given Cerneau no higher Degree^ for in 
 1807 he still signed himself of the Twenty-fifth Degree. 
 
 Notwithstanding the Cerneau adherents have lately claimed that 
 Cerneau got the Thirty-third Degree from a Grand Orient of Paris, 
 by going to France from Cuba in 1806, before he came to New York, 
 it is clearly established that no such power existed there, and no such 
 record of any kind whatever has been found or produced. 
 
 On December 17, 1804, the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania war- 
 ranted a Symbolic Lodge at the City of Habana, Cuba, to be called 
 " Le Temple des Vertus Theologales, No. 103," naming Cerneau as 
 Master. The returns in January, 1807, showed fourteen members, 
 stated that the Lodge had been denounced by the government, and 
 that Cerneau had been ordered to quit the island. In November, 
 1806, he appeared in New York, and in eleven months it became 
 advantageous for him to organize a Masonic body, which was 
 called " The Most Potent Sovereign Grand Consistory of Supreme 
 Chiefs of Exalted Masonry according to the Ancient Constitutional 
 Scottish Rite of Heredom for the U. S. A., its Territories and 
 Dependencies." 
 
 This was the Rite of Heredom or Perfection under the Consti- 
 tutions of 1762, not the Scottish Rite. Harry J. Seymour, formerly 
 a sailor, costumer, and actor, had a forged paper, which he claimed 
 to be the genuine authority under which Cerneau acted, dated in 
 the latter part of the last century, but even he was ashamed to show 
 it to an intelligent Scottish Rite Mason. 
 
48 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Joseph Cerneau, on the 28th of October, 1807, established this 
 Consistory of the Rite of Perfection of twenty-five Degrees, and at 
 that time knew nothing of the Constitutions of 1786, which created 
 the Thirty-three Degrees, nor has any one living or dead ever seen 
 a patent of authority to Joseph Cerneau to confer the Scottish Rite 
 Degrees. If a power did exist, how is it such a vital document can 
 not be produced? Robert B. Folger in his History ( ?) of the Scot- 
 tish Rite gives copies of forty-eight documents, but does not, because 
 he could not, give the alleged fundamental Cerneau documents; 
 but on page 337 says, " Joseph Cerneau pretended to no more then 
 than the Rite of Perfection of twenty-five Degrees." For once at 
 least he spoke the truth. 
 
 Edward M. L. Ehlers, Grand Secretary |of the Grand Lodge, 
 State of New York, certifies that the name of Joseph Cerneau 
 can not be found on the Registry of the Grand Lodge of Masons 
 from 1806 to 1827, the year Cerneau left for France, where he 
 died, 1829. Thus for twenty=three years he remained an un= 
 affiliated Mason. 
 
 Some time after the establishment by Cerneau of the Rite of Per- 
 fection in New York, it became important and advantageous to 
 claim his Consistory as being of the Scottish Rite of thirty-two 
 Degrees, but a Supreme Council of thirty-three Degrees was not 
 even claimed by Cerneau for a number of years. Cerneau could 
 not have received the Thirty-third Degree until after the establish- 
 ment of the Northern Supreme Council in 1813, for he did not 
 receive it from the Supreme Council of the United States having 
 its Grand East at Charleston ; second, the records of the Grand 
 Orient of France are indisputable that up to 1814 it had conferred 
 the Thirty-third Degree on no one, and the Supreme Council of 
 France, established in 1804, proves by its record that it exercised no 
 such power, and there was no other source or power to grant it. 
 
 The records of the Cerneau organization from 1816 to 1827 are 
 in the valuable Archives of the Supreme Council for the Northern 
 Jurisdiction, Boston, and much of those preceding are in the Grand 
 Secretary-General's office. New York. A more chameleon institu- 
 tion than the Cerneau entailment never existed ; it has had nine 
 different titles, and claimed under as many different powers of 
 authority. One organized form would swallow up its predecessor, 
 or repudiate it and start afresh. Thus, on October 27, 1846, the 
 Council died, its members declared the institution defunct, and 
 divided the small treasury among the four who were left. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 49 
 
 By a manifesto adopted April ii, 1859, the Sovereign Grand 
 Commander, Henry C. Atwood, declared that the Council exercised 
 jurisdiction over the Sovereign and Independent State of New 
 York, the seal bearing date 181 5 (and not 1807), and that each 
 State was entitled to a Supreme Council ; thus Connecticut had one 
 established in 1858, E. W. Atwood, Commander; Louisiana one. 
 established in 1839, J^mes Foulhouze, Commander, expelled by 
 Grand Orient, France, in February, 1859; and one in CaHfornia, 
 i860 ; thus this Cemeau body was hydra-headed. 
 
 CERNEAU COUNCILS 
 
 At times these claimed authority over Blue Lodges (Folger's 
 History, pages 215, 216) ; at others, over Royal Arch Chapters; and 
 again, over Commanderies of Knights Templar. Accordingly, 
 Article 4 of the General Regulations of the Henry C. Atwood 
 Supreme Council of 1859 says : " Each Symbolic Lodge under this 
 jurisdiction Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, for every candidate 
 initiated, shall pay the sum of one dollar." Atwood's Supreme 
 Council established Blue Lodges in the City of New York. As to 
 Royal Arch Masonry, the Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter 
 of New York, in 1850 (see his address), says: "I would inform 
 the Grand Chapter of the existence of a clandestine Chapter or Chap- 
 ters in the City of New York, estabHshed by H. C. Atwood, and 
 under a Consistory warrant from the Cerneau Consistory, by which 
 he not only confers all the Degrees of the Chapter, but also the 
 Orders of Knighthood." 
 
 The most earnest devotee of Cerneauism, if he knows anything 
 of the history of the Scottish Rite, is aware that the Cerneau Body 
 lived, then slept, then died, then revived, then again it evolutionized, 
 under one title, then another, at one time covering all the States, 
 then only one or more, then disbanding, dividing its treasury, then 
 resurrecting under a new name and a new authority, etc. 
 
 Neither was there a sequence of Commanders, as there was no 
 sequence of authority; Cerneau, Hicks, Cross, Atwood, and Robin- 
 son were at cross purposes, and held under differently conceived 
 powers. 
 
 THE CONSTITUTIONS OF 1786 
 
 The Constitutions of 1786 are acknowledged by every Supreme 
 Council in the world, but not by the two irregular organizations 
 named herein, which emanated from expelled members of the 
 
 (4) 
 
50 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Northern Jurisdiction. These Cerneau bodies acknowledged them 
 from 1834 to the close of their career at the Union of all Councils 
 in the Northern Jurisdiction in 1867, and also while under H. C. 
 Atwood. The Hicks-Cerneau Council was the first to formulate 
 the Latin Constitutions, which alleged that Frederick of Prussia had 
 issued the same from his royal residence in Berlin, I\Iay i, 1786. 
 They made these Constitutions a part of their " Treaty of Union 
 and Amalgamation " with France, Belgium, and Brazil ( Sections 
 3 and 4), December 6, 1836 (Document 28, Folger's History). 
 Cross, Hays, and Robinson swore to and observed them. 
 
 The Supreme Council for the Xorthern Jurisdiction had always 
 adhered to the French Constitutions of 1786, a copy of which has 
 ever remained filed in their Archives, and which has no reference to 
 Frederick of Prussia as author or abettor. The Cerneau organiza- 
 tions are responsible solely and entire!}- for the Frederick of Prussia 
 Latin Constitutions. And the fifth article limits the number of 
 Supreme Councils in the United States to two. 
 
 Harry J. Seymour, of one body, and Folger. Thompson, and 
 E. W. Atwood, of the other body, prior to their expulsions, unhesi- 
 tatingly swore to the Constitutions of 1786. These Constitutions are 
 essential to the existence of the Scottish Rite system of Thirty- 
 three Degrees. The illegitimates, therefore, while sitting on an 
 old illegal limb of the tree, have sawn it from the parent stem, and 
 do not, can not, exist as Supreme Councils. 
 
 THE UNION IN 1863 
 
 In 1863 there were three Supreme Councils claiming power in 
 the Northern Section of the United States. 
 
 Two of these Councils were the former Gourgas Council of 1813, 
 which had split, commanded b}- Edward A. Raymond and K. H. 
 A"an Rensselaer respectively. Both were known as the " Supreme 
 Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States." 
 
 Third, the Council claiming to be a continuation of the Cerneau 
 body, commanded by Edmund B. Hays, who had been appointed by 
 H. C. Atwood, j\Iay 14, 1858, which was ratified in i860 at the death 
 of Atwood. This Council was called " Supreme Grand Council for 
 the Northern Jurisdiction of the Western Hemisphere." See decla- 
 ration of April II, 1859. 
 
 On April 15, 1863, the Cemeau-Hays Council and the Raymond 
 Council consolidated by a unanimous vote, and every subordinate 
 
THE AMUIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 51 
 
 body gave in its allegiance. Harry J. Seymour, of the Cerneau Coun- 
 cil, was prominent in the Union, as his oath on file with the Northern 
 Supreme Council will show, and he was elected " First Grand 
 Master of Ceremonies," which he accepted. He was installed and 
 acted in that capacity, with C. T. McClenachan as the Second Grand 
 Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 Seymour accompanied the officers on trips of ceremony, attended 
 sessions, accepted a donation of seventy-five dollars, originated mat- 
 ter, and was an attentive officer, until Commander Hays got tired 
 of his importunities to confer the Degrees, the proceeds from which 
 Seymour was pocketing. 
 
 The Hays-Raymond Union of 1863 was a perfect and cordial 
 commingling of friendships, powers, and authority. All agreed ; no 
 one murmured. In this Union, Hays termed his Council the 
 " Supreme Grand Council of the United States of America, its 
 Territories and Dependencies," and the new body accepted this name, 
 selected Hays as the Commander and Raymond as his Lieutenant, 
 and divided the offices alternately between those of whom the two 
 defunct Councils had been composed. Thus the two Councils died, 
 and from their seed sprang up a new, vigorous united organization. 
 All the members took the new Oath of Fealty, among them Harry J. 
 Seymour. Every subordinate organization hailed the new born 
 Council. 
 
 THE ILLEGITIMATE SEYMOUR-HIBBS BODY 
 
 Edmund B. Hays remained Commander until December 14, 1865, 
 when he retired, with the respect and esteem of all. During the 
 latter portion of his term his health was much broken. He attended 
 the session of October 22, 1865. It is falsely stated that at some 
 time he authorized Seymour, the Master of Ceremonies, to open the 
 Supreme Council. This could not have been, for Hays was a parlia- 
 mentarian and would have empowered a higher ranking officer. The 
 members would have known of such session. No such notice was 
 ever given. And further, at this time Hays disliked Seymour. It is 
 stated Seymour retained his authority to open the Council, and 
 finally claimed to be Commander, and on June 29, 1880, for seven 
 hundred dollars, sold out to one William H. Peckham. Seymour 
 was no more of a scholar than his successor, but he never let an 
 opportunity slip where he could make money. He would have 
 cared little for his sale to Peckham had the opportunity opened to 
 have started another Supreme Council, as he threatened to do at 
 
5-e THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 five dollars a head for the degrees. Seymour would sell anything, 
 whether he owned it or not. He was expelled from the United 
 Supreme Council on December 14, 1865, charges having been pre- 
 ferred September 1 1 , after a trial by a commission of his own 
 people, appointed by Commander Hays. His trouble was selling 
 degrees, and when Grand Commander Edmund B. Hays refused to 
 permit him to pick up candidates for ten dollars a head and put the 
 money in his own pocket, Seymour rebelled, and said and did things 
 oflfensive, denouncing the bodies. The consequence was that Com- 
 mander Hays told Brother McClenachan to prefer charges against 
 Seymour. This was done. Seymour knew the testimony was over- 
 whelming, he quibbled at the summons, and let the case go by default. 
 An inquest was held, and he was expelled from all the rights and 
 privileges of the Scottish Rite. This is the new Hibbs farce. 
 
 Seymour then ran the Egyptian Rite for what he could make, in 
 time changing the name of the governing organization to Supreme 
 Council in imitation of the Scottish Rite. He reduced the degrees 
 from ninety-six to thirty-three, and designated the Rite the " A. and 
 P. Rite," sometimes printing the P in such manner that it could not 
 be distinguished from an A, and thus misleading Brethren. 
 
 It was well known to many that, long ere Commander Hays died, 
 he would not allow Seymour to come near him nor to see him during 
 his illness, and forbade that he should attend the funeral. The 
 casket-bearers were six Inspectors-General of the United Supreme 
 Council. Hays willed all his Scottish Rite books, documents, rituals, 
 etc., to Brother Henry C. Banks, and thus to the United Supreme 
 Council, and they are now among the extensive Archives of the 
 Northern Jurisdiction. If Hays so detested Seymour, who can 
 believe that he would, if he could, have delegated powers to him to 
 become a successor? The falsehood was ill invented. Hays was 
 not dishonorable nor a trickster. He remained true to all the 
 Unions. He took and subscribed to the Oaths of Fealty, to those of 
 1863 and 1867; and was present at convenient sessions, such as 
 that in the City of New York, September 18, 1872. And yet Peck- 
 ham had the effrontery to say that, in 1870, the Seymour-Cerneau 
 Supreme Council met, and. Hays being incapable, Seymour was 
 authorized to act as Grand Commander. Hays did not lead a 
 double life. 
 
 It is a false assertion in the Peckham Manifesto of 1881, page 
 21, that Grand Commander Hays, at any time after June 4, 1865, 
 authorized Seymour to open the Supreme Council. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 53 
 
 Brother McClenachan, who was an intimate friend of Edmund 
 B. Hays, says : " 1 remember full well when Hays called at my 
 office, and among other matters said, ' I have again refused to make 
 any more Thirty-thirds for Harry, and he is very angry. I won't 
 do it. It is against our agreement with the members. He still wants 
 to do as he used to, and puts the money in his own pocket. You 
 must go ahead and take some action.' This was in September, 1865." 
 
 The commission to try Seymour was Henry C. Banks, John 
 Innes, and Hopkins Thompson. His unanimous expulsion was not 
 by a Raymond resuscitated body, but by the United Hays-Raymond 
 Council, to which he was sworn, in which he but ten months before 
 was taking an active part, and of which Hays was the Commander. 
 Seymour attended no session after October 21, 1864, when McClena- 
 chan was elected the Grand Master of Ceremonies in his stead. This 
 was a sore grievance to him. 
 
 There is a miserably invented and made up Seymour-Peckham 
 patent to be found on page 99 of Folger's Supplement to his History 
 which we can not spare space to copy. It is boyish nonsense. Pages 
 99 to 104 of Folger's Supplement have been eliminated from the 
 recent editions, notwithstanding the Peckhamites induced Folger to 
 issue one hundred and twenty copies complete for six hundred 
 dollars. 
 
 As neither of these bodies has any rights except to abuse each 
 other, no harm is done on either side, unless to disgust their fol- 
 lowers and to exhibit who and what they are. 
 
 The Peckham faction of the Seymour body attempt to give color 
 to a restoration of Seymour, on May 16, 1867, by the United Supreme 
 Council, in consequence of the second section of the Articles of 
 Union of the Van Rensselaer Council and the Hays-Raymond 
 Council in that year, which says : " All action heretofore taken in 
 expelling members from either Council, on account of those differ- 
 ences, is hereby revoked." None but a knave would misconstrue 
 that language. The differences were those between the Councils, not 
 the crime of Seymour against the Scottish Rite, and the Council to 
 which he belonged in 1865. Had it been otherwise, Seymour would 
 gladly have availed himself of the advantage ; for in April, 1879, 
 in Washington, Seymour told Grand Commander Albert Pike, and 
 W. R. Singleton, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, that, " if the 
 Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction would heal him, he 
 would give up all his papers and never give them any further 
 trouble." (Page 66 of "A Memoir on Cemeauism," 1884, Supreme 
 
54 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Council Southern Jurisdiction.) The proposition was treated with 
 contempt by Josiah H. Drummond, then Commander of the Supreme 
 Council Northern Jurisdiction. 
 
 THE ILLEGITIMATE THOMPSON-GORMAN BODY 
 
 On the 17th of May, 1867, the Cerneau-Hays-Raymond Council 
 of 1863, and the Van Rensselaer Council (one of the Councils that 
 sprang from the division of the Gourgas Council in 1861), united, 
 with great rejoicing and ceremony. And then there was but one 
 Supreme Council in the Northern Jurisdiction, and harmony pre- 
 vailed everywhere. 
 
 As Seymour's Peckham institution was doing well financially in 
 1 88 1, it occurred to Robert B. Folger and Hopkins Thompson, 
 members of the United Supreme Council, that they might also 
 improve their impecunious condition by devising a plan to work the 
 same placer that Seymour had worked. In plodding around, their 
 purpose became known to the members of the Supreme Council, and 
 charges were presented September 20, 1881, and on the same date 
 in 1882 they were ignominiously expelled. In the mean time they 
 had prepared a Manifesto, readily obtained the purchasable services 
 of John G. Barker, picked up poor bedridden Robert E. Roberts, 
 the newsdealer, and Edward W. Atwood, also expelled in 1882, used 
 the names of five men theretofore unknown in Scottish Rite Masonry, 
 also that of John B. Harris, who has since bade them " Farewell," 
 usurped the name of William H. Jarvis, who was on his death-bed, 
 outraged the names of John Innes and Gilbert C. Piatt, who pro- 
 tested and denounced their act as perfidy — and with these thirteen 
 names they started a ten-dollar-a-head Supreme Council. They 
 organized this body September 27, 1881, and assumed the same 
 name as the Seymour Council, but they had not one Active Member 
 of the old Cerneau body whereby they could obtain the germ, the 
 activity, the life to open a Council. They tried to obtain Benjamin 
 C. Leveridge, but he denounced them. Neither had they a single 
 subordinate body. From its Proceedings this Council appears to be 
 largely sustained by loans from its Commander Gorman, and its 
 expenses to be for supporting Secretaries Barker and Folger, and 
 for rent and advertising. This is now the J. J. Gorman farce. 
 
 The Folger-Thompson party denounced the Seymour-Peckham 
 party, proclaimed the expulsion of Seymour just and righteous, 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 55 
 
 and hence that the Peckham Council could not in common sense 
 exist. 
 
 Folger and Thompson assert that they personally could not have 
 been expelled, because they withdrew. It is a well settled principle 
 of law that a Mason under charges can not withdraw. Moreover, 
 they were still within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Council, even 
 had they withdrawn their membership. 
 
 The reasons given in the Manifesto for the so-called resuscitation 
 at so late a day of the old Cerneau Council were four (see page 43 
 of the Manifesto) : First, The renunciation of the Secret Constitu- 
 tions of 1786. Second, The arbitrary conduct of the Supreme Grand 
 Council for the Northern Jurisdiction (wherein it is not stated). 
 Third, The extravagant prices charged for degrees, diplomas, etc. 
 Fourth, The producing an income which should be devoted to 
 benevolent purposes, and which exceeded twenty thousand dollars. 
 
 For these reasons, Folger, Thompson, et al. agreed to violate 
 their oaths, proclaim a Supreme Council, charge a small sum for 
 the degrees, avoid lavish expenditure, " all surplus to be appropriated 
 to the benefit of" (Folger, Thompson, et al.) "the needy of the 
 Order, as well as to create, for its stability, a permanent fund." This 
 last being one of the very things they denounced of the Supreme 
 Council that expelled them. 
 
 If the four reasons they allege had been true, were they sufficient 
 for this violent action? If there were abuses, Thompson, Folger & 
 Co. never sought to correct them during the years they were mem- 
 bers. Then privately answer one question, " Was not Folger a 
 defaulter to his new Council in its first year ? " 
 
 The opposition of both of these illegitimate organizations to the 
 Constitutions of 1786 is mainly because the second paragraph of the 
 fifth article (French) says: "There shall be but ; . . two 
 Councils in the United States of America." And as the Northern 
 and Southern existed, they had no power even of revival of a third. 
 
 THE RE-FORMATION IN 1866 
 
 Great stress has been laid on the re-formation of the Hays- 
 Raymond Council, December 13, 1866. The Supreme Council closed 
 on June 7, 1866. The amended regulations would have called the 
 members together in October, 1867, unless sooner specially convened. 
 But a sixteen days' notice, daily talked about, called a " Summoned 
 
56 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Extraordinary Session," to be held at Nassau Hall, Boston, which 
 caused thirteen out of the fifteen Active 2\Iembers, and ten Honorary 
 Members, to be present. The known object was to re-form the 
 Council. Xot one member objected or demurred. The Council was 
 re-formed, the Active ^Membership increased to thirty-three, and 
 twenty-seven Active Members were elected, nearly one-half of the 
 officers being of the old Cerneau school. Ever}- subordinate 
 organization acquiesced. 
 
 Thompson, Folger, and their companions assert that the pro- 
 ceedings were kept secret; that the action of the Council in dissolv- 
 ing and re-forming, exactly as they did, was not known until dis- 
 covered some time in 1881 in the reprint, ^^'hat was done, how it 
 was done, and why it was done, were known of all ^lasons suffi- 
 ciently interested to listen to daily discussions, to read, or to incjuire. 
 The call for the meeting was signed by every member. The matter 
 of obtaining recognition from the Southern Jurisdiction w-as known 
 to be very important, as recognition b}- the Supreme Councils of all 
 nations would follow, ^^''hat was desirable and necessary was known 
 by Commander Hays and all members of the Supreme Council, and 
 \vas, in the main, to make a grand Union possible of the entire 
 Scottish Rite in the Xorthern portion of the United States. The 
 re- formation of 1866 was carried into effect on December 13, and 
 was followed by the Grand Union of ]May 17, 1867. There were no 
 malcontents, and no reason to keep anything concealed. It was a 
 simple act for a simple purpose, unanimously approved. Dr. Folger 
 in his thirty-eighth article in the New York Dispatch of August 16, 
 1874, entitled " Recollections of a ^Masonic Veteran,"' which had 
 been written long before, says : " The Southern Supreme Council 
 (in 1866) declared the Raymond Council regular; what decision it 
 ga^e concerning the other bodies we are not informed. But having 
 declared the Raymond Council regular, the Union Council was dis- 
 solved in December, 1866, and Illustrious Brother Simon W 
 Robinson, the legitimate successor of Edward A. Raymond, deceased, 
 associating with himself Peter Lawson, constituted a new Supreme 
 Council." No quibbling is permissible here. The recognition of the 
 Southern Council was needed, Folger says, and that Council had 
 declared the Raymond Council the only legitimate, and Robinson, 
 the legitimate successor, associating himself with another old Ray- 
 mond member, and they two with a third, etc., formed a new Council, 
 and yet Folger, writing this in 1874, swears in 1881 that he and his 
 confreres did not know what every1iod\' else did. Folger then, 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 57 
 
 alluding, in his thirty-eighth reminiscence, to the final Union in 1867, 
 says: 
 
 " \\ e now behold the fruits of these negotiations in the forming 
 of one united and undivided Supreme Council, under the old banner 
 of Union, Toleration, Power, and we believe it to be the sincere 
 desire of every Brother of our beautiful Rite that this Union may 
 continue for all time, ' one and indivisible.' " 
 
 What a pity the " almighty dollar " ever interfered with these 
 views! But it settles the question that Folger did know in 1874, 
 seven years before the time he says he did not know, what the 
 specific action was at the December session of 1866. This same 
 Folger remained a member, until expelled, of the " One Indivisible 
 Supreme Council," believing in the Constitutions of 1786. 
 
 GENERAL COMMENTS 
 
 These Illegitimate organizations seek patronage, stating that 
 they charge but a small sum, say ten dollars, and then disclose 
 their irregularity by further stating there will be a Union, and 
 then their^' unfortunates will have saved so much money. 
 
 If they are regular, why should they argue a Union ? Is it not plain 
 that the Xorthern Supreme Council could not permit a union, as it 
 would be a premium for further creation of illegitimate bodies, 
 unions would have to be eternal, and justice would not be done to 
 those who paid justly? Would either of the illegitimates ever 
 have a candidate were the fee the same as that of the Northern 
 Supreme Council, or if the latter should reduce the fees to their 
 paltry sum? 
 
 Where did Cerneau get his power to confer the Orders of Knights 
 Templar and establish bodies of Knighthood ? ^^'here are his patent 
 authorities? And why do not the leaders of these two illegitimates 
 of the Scottish Rite establish Commanderies and confer the Orders 
 of Knighthood for one dollar, to do which the}" have as much 
 original power as they have to interpose in the Scottish Rite ; more, 
 as from them they have not as yet been expelled ? 
 
 Granted that in times past the former Cerneau organizations 
 enjoyed sundry recognitions by foreign Grand Bodies; that of 181 1 
 by the Grand Orient of France, which was to a " Consistory of 
 Princes of the Royal Secret,'' not to a Cerneau Council of the Thirty- 
 third Degree. It is true there was a recognition under the treaty 
 
58 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 between France, Brazil, Belgium, and the United Supreme Council 
 of the Western Hemisphere in 1832, and of New Granada and the 
 Grand Orient of France in i860, and there was an attempted forgery 
 to that end discovered in 1862. But how epherheral were all these 
 isolated cases ! A late ambassador of one of these two Cemeau 
 illegitimates to the Supreme Council of France became disgusted 
 with his mission when he found the Truth, and repudiated his 
 emplojers. The letters of Brother Stickney are open to the curious 
 at the office of the Grand Secretary-General. On the 23d of August, 
 1830, however, the Grand Orient of France notified the Supreme 
 Councils of the North and of the South that " Cerneau was struck 
 from their Tableaux." 
 
 It is a fact that throughout the Masonic life of the Ineffable 
 Lodge of Perfection of Albany, constituted in 1707, it has been true 
 to regular Scottish Rite Masonry. 
 
 The Cerneau Supreme Council in New York established several 
 Blue Lodges in 1S53, and in Louisiana the Cerneau Supreme Coun- 
 cil established a large number, until Grand Lodges finally interfered 
 with a strong hand. On the loth of June, 1853, the Grand Lodge 
 of the State of New York declared that the evidence was undoubted 
 that the Cemeau Supreme Council had established Blue Lodges 
 and conferred the first three Degrees of Masonry; that this was an 
 invasion of the jurisdictional rights of the Grand Lodge; that 
 " This Body, therefore, can not in self-respect, or in the protection 
 of her undoubted rights of supremacy, do less than to resist this 
 invasion of its sovereignty "; that Henry C. Atwood, then the head 
 of the Cerneau Council, should be stripped of all his rights and 
 privileges as such Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, and that 
 all persons who had received their degrees under such authority 
 should be deemed clandestine, and all intercourse -with them forbid- 
 den; that "Any Lodge in this (New York) jurisdiction which 
 shall hold its meetings in the same room with any Lodge of 
 irregular and clandestine Masons, subjects itself to the dis= 
 ciplinary action of the Grand Lodge, such acts being strictly 
 forbidden." 
 
 In the following year, Grand Master ^^'alworth in his address 
 said : " Lodges instituted by Heni-y C. Atwood, to work in the 
 Scottish Rite, have continued to confer what they call Masonic 
 Degrees upon persons who are not Master Masons ; contrary to the 
 resolution of this Grand Lodge adopted at its last Annual Com- 
 munication." 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 59 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Ohio, 
 The Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, 
 The Grand Lodge of Utah, 
 The Grand Lodge of Iowa, 
 The Grand Lodge of California, 
 The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, 
 The Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia, 
 The Grand Lodge of Nebraska, 
 The Grand Lodge of North Dakota, 
 The Grand Lodge of South Dakota, 
 The Grand Lodge of Kentucky, 
 The Grand Lodge of Maryland, 
 The Grand Lodge of Florida, 
 The Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, 
 The Grand Lodge of New Jersey, 
 The Grand Lodge of Tennessee, 
 And others 
 have joined in the former decision of New York, and declared 
 that these Cerneau organizations are a poison to our system of 
 Masonic government. 
 
 The civil courts in Ohio have decided against the status of the 
 Gorman Council in that State. They have entered into rebellion 
 against the Grand Lodge of Ohio. One Lodge has withdrawn its 
 allegiance and has set up a Blue Lodge system for itself. 
 
 Since 1853, eighteen Past Grand Masters of New York have 
 been members of the Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted 
 Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction: Joseph D. 
 Evans, John L. Lewis, John W. Simons, Clinton F. Paige, James 
 Husted, Edmund L. Judson, Charles Roome, Jesse B. Anthony, 
 Horace S. Taylor, Benjamin Flagler, J. Edward Simmons, William 
 A. Brodie, Frank R. Lawrence, William Sherer, James Ten Eyck, 
 John Hodge, John Stewart, and William A. Sutherland. 
 
 One of the most energetic organizers of the Cemeau bodies in 
 New York has been J. P. Solomon, Past Commander-in-Chief of 
 Metropolitan Consistory, No 62 (now consolidated with Cerneau 
 Consistory, No. i). He is an Active 33°, Cerneau, and one of their 
 most influential members. In October, 1S99, J. P. Solomon was 
 charged with making false statements and suppressing the real 
 truth upon the petition (on which his name appeared as a reference) 
 of an ex-convict for initiation in a Masonic Lodge. The Trial 
 Commissioners, R.".W. .William H. Andrews, R.'.W.'. Stephen 
 
60 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 C. Bedell, and R.'.W.".Adam Schaaff, after hearing a mass of 
 testimony, adjudged him guilty of the offenses charged, and sus- 
 pended him from his Lodge and all the rights and privileges of 
 Masonry for a period of eighteen months, and, in addition, to pay 
 the costs and expenses of the proceedings of the trial. A month 
 later, J. P. Solomon obtained a stay of sentence pending an appeal 
 to the Grand Master. In March, 1900, M.-.W.'. Wright D. Pownall, 
 after a careful and painstaking review of the case, affirmed the 
 findings of the Trial Commissioners, and, as a result, J. P. Solomon 
 is suspended from membership in his Masonic Lodge, and from all 
 the rights and privileges of Masonry. 
 
 The Northern Supreme Council and the Southern Supreme 
 Council are too highly esteemed at home and abroad to have 
 their honor in any wise affected by the calumnies of these 
 illegitimate organizations, founded by expelled members of the 
 Northern Jurisdiction. For those who have been misled, there 
 is sorrow for the thoughtful, and pity for the thoughtless. 
 Their leaders and abettors, in due time, will receive the reward 
 of dishonor. 
 
JOSEPH CERNEAU 
 
 (By III.'. Charles T. McClenachan, 33", Historian of the 
 Grand Lodge of New York ; Author of " History of Free- 
 masonry IN the State of New York," McClenachan's 
 " Book of the Scottish Rite," McClenachan's Addendum 
 to Mackey's " Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry/' etc., etc., 
 etc. ; LATE Grand Master-General of Ceremonies, Supreme 
 Council, 33", Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, U. S. A.) 
 
 Joseph Cerneau, a French jeweler, was born at Villeblerin, in 
 1763, and in the latter part of the century migrated to the West 
 Indies, making his home at Port-au-Prince. 
 
 There may be seen in the Tableau of Members of Lodge 
 Reunion des Coeurs, No. 47, chartered in 1789 by the Grand Lodge of 
 Pennsylvania, a Lodge stationed at Port-au-Prince, St. Domingo, 
 and dated 1801, the authenticated signatures of the Master and 
 Keeper of the Seals and Archives, and Secretary, thus : " Garde 
 de Sceaux et Archives, Joseph Cerneau, Marchand Orfevre, ne a 
 Villeblerin, age de 37 ans, R. A. R. -h " 
 
 As Cerneau signed this Tableau with his own hand, he was then 
 and at that time of no higher degree than Royal Arch and Rose 
 Croix. 
 
 At this time, Antoine Mathieu Dupotet was Master of the 
 Lodge, and styled Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 
 Shortly thereafter, Cerneau moved to Havana, Island of Cuba, 
 and on December 17, 1804, the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania 
 received and granted a petition from divers Brethren praying for a 
 warrant for holding a Lodge at the City of Havana, to be called " Le 
 Temple des Vertus Theologales," naming Cerneau as Master ; 
 Pierre Courroy, Senior Warden ; Pierre Vauchey, Junior War- 
 den, and numbering it 103. The returns received by the Grand 
 Lodge of Pennsylvania in January, 1807, covered fourteen in mem- 
 bership, and stated that the Lodge had been denounced to the Gov- 
 ernment, and Cerneau ordered to quit the Island, and that he had 
 gone to New York, where he arrived in November, 1806. 
 
 On July 16, 1806, at Baracoa, Cuba, Cerneau received from 
 A. M. Dupotet, Grand Commander of Grand Council, Sublime 
 
62 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Prince of the Royal Secret, of the Port-au-Prince Body, styled Triple 
 Unity, a patent, in French, attesting that Cerneau had received 
 Degrees to and including that of Grand Elect Knight of the White 
 and Black Eagle, 24°, and was created Deputy Grand Inspector for 
 the northern part of Cuba, with power to promote Masons to and 
 including the Twenty-fourth Degree, in the name of said Council at 
 Port-au-Prince, the highest Degree to be conferred on " one only 
 each year." Dupotet could have given Cerneau no more Degrees 
 or power, for he was himself, in 1807, only a Sublime Prince of the 
 Royal Secret on the Register of the Lodge Ecossaise de ITsle de Saint 
 Domingue, at Jacmel. 
 
 Thus we find Cerneau in New York, where, on October 28, 
 1807, he established his Sovereign Grand Consistory of the Rite of 
 Heredom of Twenty-five Degrees, which was the Rite of Perfection, 
 and not a Supreme Council of Thirty-three Degrees, Ancient 
 Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 A respectful announcement was made to the Grand Lodge of 
 New York, December 7, 1808, of the above establishment, and after 
 reading it the Grand Lodge ordered it to be filed. 
 
 In 1827, Cerneau returned to France, and in 1829 he died. 
 
 In answer to the correspondent of the Freemason's Repository, 
 in June number, we might say : What if Cerneau and his Body did 
 notify the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite formed on May 5, 
 1801, for the territory of the United States, at its Grand East in 
 Charleston, S. C, of the Cerneau organization of the Rite of Perfec- 
 tion, and received no reply, or that he informed all governing Masonic 
 Bodies of the world? Admit that no notice was taken of their 
 invasion of the territory by the Rite of Perfection, admit also that in 
 time honorable men and Masons united with them, that they organ- 
 ized and officered the Grand Encampment for the State of New York, 
 and exchanged Representatives with the Grand Orient of France, 
 which would and did fraternize with almost anything that would 
 attach the word " Masonic " to its name, although it subsequently 
 denounced them, and although it did establish subordinates in a num- 
 ber of cities — did all these, singly or combined, create it a Supreme 
 Council of the Scottish Rite, or give it Thirty-three Degrees? Did 
 that change the Sovereign Grand Consistory of Heredom of the Rite 
 of Perfection of Twenty-five Degrees to anything other than what it 
 was ? Did that confer the Thirty-third Degree of the Scottish Rite on 
 Cerneau, who repudiated the Constitutions of 1786 (by whomso- 
 ever written), and which instrument alone constituted and created 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 63 
 
 the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite of Thirty-three Degrees? Who 
 gave Cerneau the Thirty-third Degree, and when and where ? Was 
 not the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite existing in this territory in 
 1801, and, by the law of possession, had any other the right to squat 
 on the land ? Could you establish a hut on another's farm, and send 
 notice to the farmer's dwelling telling him you were there, and, be- 
 cause he did not instantly go to law about it, claim you possessed the 
 property, even if you did call in some respectable people to dwell with 
 you, and establish other little huts on distant parts of the farm 
 against the protest of the farmer? 
 
 Now as to those title-deeds and records. We have shown what 
 the title-deed of Cerneau was. It and all his other papers referred 
 to the Rite of Heredom. What nonsense to say that any of the sev- 
 eral Cerneau organizations have the continuous records and minutes 
 of the continuous Cerneau organization. In the first place, the most 
 devoted devotee who knows anything knows that the organization 
 lived, then slept, then died, then revived, and over again, under one 
 title, then under another, at one time covering all the States, then one 
 or more of the States, then disbanded and divided its treasury among 
 the members, then sprang up again under a new name and new 
 powers, etc. The records of a series of years of the Cerneau Body 
 are this day in the archives of the Supreme Council for the Northern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction, in the Temple at Boston. This hybrid of 
 CERNEAU has from time to time had eleven different names, 
 and as often changed its powers and authority. 
 
 The correspondent referred to attempts to give a sequence of 
 Commanders from 1807. There can be no sequence of Commanders 
 where there was no sequence of authority to stand on. Cerneau, 
 Hicks, Atwood, Cross, and Robinson were at cross purposes as to 
 original authority, and, while some claimed authority over Blue 
 Lodges, others conferred the Degrees of the Royal Arch Chapter 
 and those of the Knights Templar. 
 
 The Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch 
 Masons of New York, in his address in 1850, said: 
 
 " I would inform the Grand Chapter of the existence of a 
 clandestine Chapter or Chapters in the City of New York, estab- 
 lished by Henry C. Atwood, . . . under a Consistory War- 
 rant from the Cerneau Consistory, by which he not only confers 
 all the Degrees of the Chapter, but also the Orders of Knighthood 
 and the Consistory Degrees." 
 
 The Hays-Raymond Union of 1863 was a perfect and cordial 
 
64 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 union of whatever powers and authority they had severally pos- 
 sessed. No one murmured. All agreed. And so the re-formation 
 in 1866 was open, frank, and unanimous, known and avowed. 
 
 On August 28, 1830, the Grand Orient of France, in its Grand 
 College ol Rites, advised both the Northern and Southern 
 Masonic Jurisdictions of the United States that CERNEAU had 
 been struck from their Tableaux. 
 
 In the year 18 12, May 12, the Cerneau Consistory of New York 
 established a subordinate Body in New Orleans, for the State of 
 Louisiana, and in a letter of February, 1830, from J. H. Holland, 
 who was the presiding officer, he says : 
 
 " I am clearly satisfied in relation to the dissolution of the Con- 
 sistory at New York, not having been able to obtain any answers 
 from that Body to the repeated communications made during the 
 last four years." 
 
 If the lack of response by the Charleston organization to the 
 Cerneau Consistory in 1807- 1808 is an evidence of non-existence 
 of the Charleston Body, then the same rule would apply to the New 
 York Cerneau Consistory in not responding to the New Orleans 
 organization after four years of application. 
 
 In February, 1783, the Sublime Degrees were estabhshed in 
 Charleston, S. C. Brother M. C. Levy was then made a Sublime 
 Mason, and was still a respected member in 1830. In February, 
 1788, a Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem was established in 
 Charleston. On May 31, 1801, the Supreme Council of Sovereign 
 Grand Inspectors-General, Scottish Rite, was formed and estab- 
 lished for the United States, and three of its members were still 
 such in 1830, and by immemorial law, acknowledged the world 
 over, where three Active Members of the Supreme Council survive 
 as such, the powers and activity in them do not die. So the Supreme 
 Council, if from that cause alone, still was active as well as existent 
 in 1830. 
 
REPRODUCTION 
 OF A CIRCULAR LETTER 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 SOUTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 AT CHARLESTON, S. C. 
 
 SEPTEMBER 21, I8J3 
 
 DECLARING JOSEPH CERNEAU UNWORTHY OF 
 MASONIC COMMUNION WITH ANY REGULAR 
 FREEMASONS, WHETHER OF HIGH OR LOW 
 DEGREE, OR WHERESOEVER DISPERSED, AND 
 EXPELLING HIM FROM EVERY LAWFUL 
 DEGREE OR MASONIC SOCIETY. 
 
 The letter contains marginal notes by 111.'. J. J. J. Gourgas, 33", 
 Grand Secretary-General, and later Sovereign Grand Commander of 
 the Supreme Council, 33", for the Northern INIasonic Jurisdiction of 
 the United States of America. 
 
 (5) 
 
Winihtt^i Scrraruin orbi^ Strcft(tecton!0 pet ©loriam SnaeuU^. 
 
 DEUS sMEUMQUE JUS. 
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 Cfc, &o,£[C. 
 
 I.V TLSTr.MONY WHEREOT, I, th« aTonwid and nndwnffocd, EohbuoI D« U Motta. K-H.; E. P. n. S.Eovere^o Grand 
 Jnap«etor GmBTB) of Ibe 5.!d LMgrw, and IIIuiiIjidui TrMHirer GL-orral of <h* tlulj Umpire m the Lioilod Suta of Amijfiai, .Vc, 
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 AATS, Ao. La-MlS, uidoflbE CIin>uaD a'ta, ibu Xlilday of Sepiembrr, IU13. 
 Una i^roiiiTiia Jul. 
 
 E, Do La^tOrrA, K-lf.; S. P. R. S. 
 
 5crer-iKn flrand InipKKrr GratnJ aftiiaSSd Dfgrw.and 
 lllmlnou. Trm-UM Gmeral of ihe llnly Emiiirr, in 
 the I'm 1(^1 Stalifl at Aminia. 
 
 BEUS MEUilQUE JUS. 
 
 In the mmu and ia trialfor (be P^prenw Grand Coancil, of SoTKmi^ Grand !o«p«inra GerKtal of iha 33J EkTrW), bolding iQ 
 tillinja in CharlLirtjin, South CarDlina ; We do lifffbi approTa of, and cooB-oi, tU and «irry of Ibe forrxoing dBcLu*tion and pm- 
 cwdinga of oar Illu!tj-mui Brother, >:. De. La MO PI' A. Ibe lllua.noui Trea>urrr Grnenl of tbc fl. t. a^ainU 1 certain Jmtfi 
 CtrvatL, wbo hu a«tilni-d ta bimeclf ib< pmfmion of Priociplw and Drgn-i of wbrcb he ii i(toOTani, noil baa arrosnteri U> him.vlf 
 powMi and priiiJtina wlurh oupi h»»» nwo lawfullj commilKd 10 bim ; md or do, ibrrcfijre, dctla-r and publisb, that iLo ilbrc- 
 •aid ^/.jfp* tjfTTfniij n nj kj^ abrupt aiiri lalLicrTi, ari- nniorlhy of .\1aaonie CommunioD itiih any refrnlar I'we iMaaon*, tb-fllnT of 
 hi^b or (OK- dOfTW, or wbrre^oirpr duperwd ; aod iliit •■acb, aod eirrj of ibria, arr bproby upellfd from STOn errrj or joj Uw- 
 fu! E'Tfrree or Miuooie Socioit, in ubicb tlify niay have b-iui reconsJ or a.imii(rd, uotd tbey shall nulc* Ibiii pcate iriih our 
 3forT<aiit Grand Caanol, opoa'iuiJi terma aa oar aJorea>d llluitiiona Tmaurtr (ieccral of Ibf [I. £. aball recnomend tod adopl for 
 tbat purpow. 
 
 GIVEY uniTcr our hand.< aod aealg oTlbe Gratid Council of Printo of (Jie Ronl Secrd, and 
 of till' Sopnnio Coiuial ofil* $36 D*gree for ibe L'aited StateaoTABicncs, and dated tbia 
 Illb iby of [>«<vber, 3SI3. 
 
 IS. MITCHELL, K-H. P. R. 3. 
 (Signini and jtamprd with Itco Sdk, Sorn^ipn Grand Inupmrtor General of ihp 33tl CegrK, and 
 
 on Ibe onpoat.) Grand C"omjnaod..r for ibc U. S. of Ataeriia. 
 
 FRFDERICK DALCHO. K-H. P R. 8. 
 . Soi(mi[:n Grand IiJurtior General of the 33d Dcgrve, and 
 
 ~ Lti^uEenant Grand Cominaiider foi lbs U. S. nrAjnenca. 
 
 ISSl'ED bf a.c Uiu daTDr;anu7, lait. 
 
 ' Signed) E, Do La MOTTA, K-H. ; S. P. R. S. 
 
 Sorerrign Grand iMpettor Cntpnl of the 33d Di^m; ; 
 iUuWrioua TfeMurer Gens*] of ibe II. E. in the Lituird 
 &Ui«* of America, Lc, ite., he. 
 
 
 The 1813 Circular Letter expelling Cerneau from every Lawfiil Degree or 
 Masonic Society. 
 
 (From the Collection in the Library of III.-. William Homan, 33°.) 
 
BE IT KNOWN AND REMEMBERED, ALSO. THAT BEING 
 DETERMINED TO STOP, AND TO CRUSH AT ONCE AND 
 FOR EVER, ALL SUCH IMPOSITIONS AS HAVE BEEN PRAC= 
 TISED AND PERSISTED IN FOR SO MANY YEARS BY 
 JOSEPH CERNEAU and others, from foreign countries, particularly 
 the West Indies, I hereby, and in my own official capacity, declare, 
 to whomsoever it may concern, that THE SOVEREIGN GRAND 
 CONSISTORY OF THE 30TH, 31ST, AND 32D DEGREES ORIQ= 
 INALLY ESTABLISHED IN THIS CITY, ON THE 6TH DAY 
 OF AUGUST, 5806, BY THE THRICE ILLUSTRIOUS BRETH= 
 REN, JOHN GABRIEL TARDY, JOHN BAPTIST DESDOITY, 
 MOSES LEVY, MADURA PIEXOTTO, AND JOHN JAMES 
 JOSEPH QOURGAS, all of them R.-h Eco ; K-H ; S. P. R. S. Dep- 
 uties Grand Inspectors General and Grand Masters under the old 
 system, &c., &c., &c., and others, has been rigorously inspected, and 
 their proceedings approved of by me ; in consequence whereof, i 
 HEREBY DECLARE, ACKNOWLEDGE, AND RECOGNIZE 
 THEM, AS WELL IN MY OWN NAME, AS IN THAT OF MY 
 AFORESAID GRAND AND SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE 33D 
 DEGREE, AT CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, AS BEING 
 THE ONLY LAWFUL BODY IN NEW YORK, WHICH CAN 
 EXIST FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA, &c., &c., &c. 
 
 (The above is an extract from the original circular [reproduced 
 on the opposite page] issued in 1813, by the Supreme Council for the 
 Southern Masonic Jurisdiction, United States of America.) 
 
^ 
 
 rru'o .o-(u..c. 
 
 
 ■It.- 
 
 ■ '- ■;^x-'''' -M;' ^':.'.-''^r.=.^-. AI-^ 
 
 
 .-/ ,;. r oC„.^,^;5 ..'a« ,D\.<,;X„/tyJ 
 
 .:J^..'^,„......''ir-- ^t'-.> A. - 
 
 .^.^. 
 
 .ISO?, 
 
 r"-^ 
 
 ■ ^^:-^- 
 
 V^ 
 
 ..^^ 
 
 Patent issued to 111.-. John Gabriel Tardy, 33", Deputy Inspector-General, 
 
 appointing him Commander of the Grand Consistory of 
 
 New York, November 24, 1808. 
 
 (From the Collection in the Library of 111.'. William Homan. 3J°.) 
 
Cilcus mcumquc \xxs. 
 
 From the EAST of lh« (Jrmid and Supreme Council of thu Most Piiissiiiit Sovvvi-j^ii-.. r.r.nnl lu- |n-, i... , 
 General of the 33il drijrcr, dxily and lawfully pstablislicd and conirrofralcd at tiir i:iL^'nl \r<v-\.„i_ i,„ 
 the Nortlu-in Ali^nnir- liisiricl and jiirisiiiclioii v( tin- I'nilr'd S[:,\. ■: ,,( \iiri[i \inr. ,„■,,, I, u,- ili- ..m'-. 
 SuprcrnuCniiii.ll u In. I, .1,.,.^ or ciin consiilulninally <:xist fur .■.ud ih rrnj. ,iii-l inn-di.hMii niid.i di.^ 
 C. C. of ihv /..n.tli, :ii rli-' vi-rtKid \-toh\l, nrar llii; R II., iini.nifiiiig lu lU"- ll:; In N. i,., mid 'i- :.l Mu 
 E. Ij., meridian of "WnsiimtiLon city. 
 
 ABSTRACT from Ific li/htules of a S/)vdal Striate of snid iSuprcina Conned, held nn Ihv twenty 
 fourth day of the mnulh Xisaii, .1. U. .''liO,-;, A. Lih. '^^JSl, irhlrh ccrrcspuiuh Im lknfn.1 daij if May, 
 1915, of the Ckrhlian era. 
 
 The following declarations and protects, nmoriL' "ili'-r- , v. ■ v ini,iuiiii(ii!>.ly ,-idopicd : 
 
 Wheroas diis Supreme Council and cmr ;i .■y--'\. S.i;,r.„i.' ' '.■mi,. ;i ■ hum/ ,,( ( 'iKirK^slon in di'- Sm'.. 
 
 ihosi' nvsaoll- \miK rl,,. ,,1..|„ , ,,„l.,j,i|,i ih,-/ ,|.-,,.|-i . ,1 :,m.I i1m -, . I,. ,j- ....■.-■ „■■ •U. \- w \- ri..i |.., ..■..! ,,, ^ii.,. 
 
 form and did UmI |-.r ■,! I|-mi,i s..>lr^,.^ .Id.Mi.'.l ^^.>.■.^l\■ Ml" i.-.., M.. (,.,,,■ ,,l .-, .Ii-r. ._...r.!. .1 , K. ■ ■■ i, . , i. , , 
 
 nssaidls appenr i^i ii. M, 1, 'I'-. ■!■■.■.)■.■. ■! rl... ..m,, fi.i," ,.i ..■!■: .ti 1. 1- li ....i ■■m .ti.'li .rj'i- -. ■....! .■. ' ■ .. -.\ 
 
 AFrom-h iiKi-^.-in I'. T ]'. r 'jn.-l ..i P.ui., ^i. :, u-nik i .■.-.■ml: ,,-,l,(i-lM il l.v l,i„, ..,,(,il,.,l "If n- ,,r), .;<■-,,„.. 
 
 di- h I'rniic-.M.T-diiiitrir/'T,;.- n i.r -,l ,,„,■ <,i.l Siipr..Ki.- (■,,.M..-il -,- .1. h.ii.-i, nml Im,- ,I..|i.-,mi.-. .1 ,.- 'mi.| ■ |..-. - 
 
 Ho ha? in ibe most (jrnIilH..M- uuA innvnnT.Fil.il,]. miumH' ,-, iiM..rii|ir. .i m, |,,iI,,i i||i..ii i|,,. |,iil,li,- ,,,:.,,.. ., i.il.rr.-rihTl 
 
 m(nuI^ liisiory of our stml Sii|ir. KM. ('.M|,|, li., Ai.-I \\\\-;. -i-. .■■ii ..(■■i ,;■■.■, ,,. ■.,..'. . .., ■ ! -n.-ii |,,:■- 
 tenlle(l history, arc trrosjlv t.il-.' I ii.iiri, i.iii, . .il Mi.li., ■.■,.■ In f . ■ ■!. ■. 'ii . 1m-iiI- 
 
 We cannot coiwcnl lha( >•:■-.}> luui :i-|.m ^j I,m.,).| ,,:~i uy<n i .■h.-, .,,,.i ,,,,1.1. I.- ii)...u,.,, ., .,1.1m,!,. 
 
 CeiL^cd pr<-d.-TP^,r,r..; :,i„] rV|M,|,|., ^.mi I' iIm. pin'. -I ill, -11 d.:il rvr In.-.l. Wl.il. Um ■[■■yr. . r. 'I,, , |i. , „, 
 
 \olhii.L' .-oujil luive )HMi-.-i| M- lir.f.i.,, ~.n,- M,,r i„.Kt s^^.-rf.! .,i-il;..mn..M>. i.> .,„r n ,11 K. Imv. 
 
 owe to the inernorie.s of ,iiir iilir..tr •; ,1' |.i.iriM.I |ii',.ili.,v...Mr>-, .'mhI !i ■'■j,., <,|" u h.i' i- iI,im [■ 
 
 men aiut masons. 
 
 Sublime freemaionn- a-f prn,'l !•-,■, 1 in inir .-iinl Sii|.r'iii'- ' '.mrr.-iU' i- I.-tkimiiim' m. ii-' Mrr'M, piiic in ![■■ pj 
 pies, Hrrtl.!^ in iM fr^vemmvnl. .,,.1 .-.rr-vr (,,,,1 |„,r(V.,-i m ,i- .■..,,!,. 
 
 ThM i,,.ir,l.l.' UM.I -1,1. h,,,. .l.-.-r... ...,,,.[ .,r, !.■,-,,, :l, ■ ,,,,,.■,,■ i I, r.il.l- h ;i[,.n,ii v oi irr,. r>nd ».■.■■■ 
 
 ma^ns, >v^r,- l,-.-;ill\ ,-i.il,li-t,--.| in (Im ..■ riiM,.,| Smi. ■ Mi.ir,, .. . ,,r- |,r,.vin„- (r, iho Viiirri.-^H, r.'!-<diiii.,n. ni„l [ 
 
 ■■■[" 
 
 T., [„.,v. 'W 
 
 ^"^1 
 
 ' '" ' ■'"'"■- ■" <j 
 
 ■■^- ■»'■■ ^■'■■- V 
 
 ,; ■:::;:::;■!:;";::::: ^> 
 
 :::?'"';;:":;■;:";:; jf? 
 
 In die year -ISOS. an Ir,-. ■ 'iLr l....tx ,,-..Tr,,,. ,„i. ,l„-i„.., ... , , ,1 ,-, ,r .], -.r-.--' ur,- ,.,M'r,ri'.l ,1,,-.,, ,,, ,„ 5 ^ 
 
 -Vnrl.-." Tlli^ l.od\-rl. , -I |.-?<J..rr. .- ,1. „ ,f!. ..,-,.■,■ h,,,.. .. u ,,n Si I J,' ,, !■'. ■!, ...,■, I,., I ,". 1 ^ 
 
 U,.',],rir;,/'t-'M'i,'i'',r. 
 
 i; alfair.s. 
 
 ^''^^-V'.rl^." 'r!ii.-< bod\- rl. ,.| i-?<ar 
 
 liMk p.rr of H^nroo. r,l;„„l ,^ r„l.n. u I,... ..-ir,! i.m.I.t [„,».■,-. -,- |l. |,.,i, l„ |,.., ,„|., , .t- ,|l„M,rv I I i 
 
 b..f..ir ,ii,f.,..:U,...| .-iJIn.- . " " ' 
 
 % 
 
 
 Circular Letter issued May i, 1845, by the Supreme Council, 33°, for the 
 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America, 
 
 with marginal notes by 111.-. J. J. J. Gourgas, 33°, 
 
 Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 (From the Collection in ihe Library of III.". William Homan, 53°.) 
 

 lu ill- v.ir TiSii. -a 
 nit :?nprFir.f L'ouncils ut i 
 ihe Orand Orient olFiain 
 ^nid Orrand Orieni to tin' 
 
 Uroa!' unlo evidence ol' iJu- ieirilimucj- of the right: 
 ilie (so cfilled by ihem) Scouish rile ancient and 
 
 ^^^^^. *W^ ^-^£ . 
 
 jllimice nf friendship" *o calk-d, i\b9 solemnly con^icniipd bel 
 ' Uniled Siuiefl on the one pun, and the " Grnnd Co]le<i;c oC iti 
 at Paris" on ihe olher part. Said alliance waa particitlnrly nole 
 "Ateliers" in iheii stimmer solstice for June 58:J9 in the folloiving words, 
 
 if ihc said Grnnd Orient of France lo povoni ail the degrees of 
 :pled," &c. To the terms of this alliance we have faithfully 
 
 d luy la'v- \ 
 
 the bo^niii ol* ) 
 
 id published hy ih" ' 
 
 m Qiiy respect, can with the least shadow of jastice he brought against us. 
 Is are (he onlv Supreme Councils that can consutuiionally exist for thc^ 
 
 □dh'-red. No charge of its infringeinfi 
 
 The said wm lawful Supreme Coi 
 United States. No em: roach in enl of each iiiher'a jurisdiction can be lawful or constitutional, nor vet any con-'^olid; 
 tton of their powers. Nolification of these constitutional regulations, was pmmulgated among afl the Grand F.asls 
 throughout the world. It ia moreover a wtti known standard masonic rule, that no BTaniing of any powers what- 
 ever by one foreijjn Ea'it unto another nlrcHdy long before lawfully established, can be allowed on any pretence or 
 under any circumstaucea whatever, except by special compact. In violation of these Piles and regulations, in de- 
 rogation of all true masonic principles and juhspnidcnce, and in contravention of all that is consiilutional in our 
 sublime order, and of which, as is apparent, ignorance could not have been pleaded by our transatlantic brethren, 
 in [he year 5S32, another Frcn i'h D eputy was despatched to New- York city, and he then and there formed in con- 
 junction with the d escend ants of the intruder before named, what they termed their "United Supreme Council" 
 and " Grand Fusio n andTTnion of th e 33d for the Western Hemis phere" ! y^ — ~~ " 
 
 As lo the cliar^e brought against us, of our saidSupreme Councils being now, or having at any previous 
 lime been dormant or defunct, it is sufficient to declare, thai due precautions have from the beginning been laketi 
 lo secure " the lawful succession" through the aiti of a " select few" worthy brethren devoted in heart to the holy 
 principles of immutable TRtJTH on which our cherished and eminent order was originally founded. At no time 
 since the first. organiMtion of our said Supreme Councds, have we been without our constitutional number of 
 members. It is true that of late years we have lost by death several of our ancient illustrious brethren, and that 
 we have not been hasty to fill iheir plrn-es with younger brethren. We have guarded against the indiscrimioate 
 admission of candidates, as well on account of the critical limes we are jasi emerging from, as that we did not con- 
 sider it of advantage to our sublime order to over-multiply the number of brethren admitted lo the superior de- 
 grees. While our Supreme Council has its complement of members, the several lodges, chapters, councils and 
 consistories in ibis Stale and other States within our jurisdiction are in active operation ; dDd wo are happy to add, 
 ikai they have exercised the most commendable caution, discretion and judgment, in advancing neophytes to the 
 high degrees and orders within our province to confer. 
 
 We state these facta, not so much to answer the carpings of those who have undertaken to misrepresent us, 
 OS for the information of all candid inquirers after the (ruth. The character of our sublime bodies cannot be af- 
 fected by aught that the malicious or ignorant for sinister purposes may be emboldened to say against us. We rest 
 satisfied with the consciousness, not only that wc have been established by constitutional authoritj-, but that we 
 have exercised the powers wiih which we are invested for the good of our sublime order. It is a matter of perfect 
 indifference lo us, whether surreptitious masons, believe in our existence, or in the legality of our powers or not. 
 There were those who hated Aristides because he was called the just, and there are those would fain undermine the 
 fabric whose summit they cannot reach, and destroy the reputation which they have not virtue enough to acquire. 
 
 As ft test of our true prosperity, we place more reliance upon the quality than the quantity of our members. 
 We hope never to forget. Ihat " genuine masonry is unobtrusive, that in its true spirit it is pure as the dew of 
 heaven, free and refreshing as its vernal breezes, a divine manna for the clear sighlea to gather, every one according 
 to his own eating, some more and some leas, giving f.-eely as we freely receive, without forcing on any, what in 
 its primitive purity best recommends itself." Viewing masonry in this, its true character, we shall continue as 
 heretofore, to pursue, without obtrusion, the even tenor of our way* avoiding as professors, teachers and regulators 
 of our sublime order, the unbecoming practice of attempting to make prosclj-tes. 
 
 We are ready to, and do submit, our righteous cause lo the good, true and wise among the free and accepted, 
 and leave them to judge between us and our enemies. If in private life, libels and calumnies are deemed heinous 
 offences, how much more heinous do those crimes become, when peTTien-ated by those obligated as "Brethren 
 of the mystic lie," againsl those bound with them in the same holy indissoluble bonds. 
 
 As to the French brother Clavel, his aspersions and misrepresentauoiis of the sublime and accepted rite, his 
 affected fastidiousness in reference to the superior degrees and orders, and his absurd surmises, we say Ist them 
 go lo the world for what thev are worth ; noi doubling but that his efforts at invention, and those mercenary views 
 which doubtless prompted his publication so well adapted to certain meridians, will ultimately eara for him bro- 
 therly love and gratitude from those he has obligalecl, and Lhe high honor of a golden bose ! 
 
 Ordered ihat this manifesto be signed by the members of this Supreme Council end published to the masonic 
 world. 
 
 J. J. J. COUReAS, 
 Sov. Gr, Commander 33d ad vilam. 
 
 CHARLES W. MOOKE, Gr. ;s;creiar>' 
 Genera] of the H. E. 
 
 EDWARD A. RAYMOND, Gr. Treasurer 
 Gen. of the H. E. 
 
 RUEL BAKER, Gr. Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 JOHN CHRISTIE, Captain of the L. G 
 
 ARCHIBALD BULL, Sov. Gr, Inspet 
 General, 33d. 
 
 KILLIAN H. VAN RENSSELAER, Sov. 
 Gr. Inspector General 33d. 
 
 GILES F. TAXES, 
 
 !, L. Gr. Conunaader 33d, &c. 
 
ms 
 
 11 
 
 CttltHjtte 
 
 iS) 
 
 ns. 
 
 ®I?'iJiiJ& (i^'J!§li under die C. C. of li.e ZenHh, nl llie VL-rlicul poiiil near ll,- B. B., an- 
 swering 10 Iho 40? 42 : 40 .' N. L., and 3°. .51 . . E. L., Meridinn of Washii.gloi. Cil;-, lli.j 29il; doj ..I 
 ELUL, A. H". 5605, A. LIB". 2M1, nhitli TOtr.;s|miiJs Uj iho 1st of October, W\r>. of the Cl.riitlni, 
 
 E._A. O^'. 7.7, A. M-. 53,. ^..^^^^ 
 
 The Si'premc Voinicil of I he M. F. SoPtrt/V/w, Grtoit/ InsimIo,.^ Ur.utralff llh- -XVI dvi 
 District anil Jiirisdictioti of the Unitoii Slnics uf North Amci-ii,-!. 
 
 <Io all niljomsocucr it maij dianccni, ^^^tt^tiV\§,-.. 
 
 KNOW YE, Th;it this Nnrihern District anil Jul■i-^JictlON consiil;, ul pixstuf, ol' llie following' four- 
 iprn >(iilL'S, lu *vit : Mahic, New-Hampshire, Ver/no/if, Mnssuchu^iells, Coinudicul, Rhode- Isl ami , Neiv-York, 
 yfir-J^rscif, Pfitiisijlcani'i, Ddaware, Ohio, Indiana, JlUitoi^ (Uid M/cItigmi.. V" 
 
 Tli-it it iJt'VLT i!id, nor ever shall adopt anv jnode of " Jforhiii^" b\- mt'aud of iiinvia/it Deputies, or 
 Ai^'-iils, >S:c., iirnJtT anv dcnurniriLilinn U'haisncvcr ; such mode of cperalion he'nvj^ lifijeinioriable on many 
 .i.-t-oiin'.s, nnd only ..Miriilalcd lo Imrvr llic bi.indatd of ihe " TncfTahle and Siihlliru: D(:■g■rL"?:^ and Orders of 
 tlic imi-r unci'-'iit and honorable Fjatejniiy mI fiee nnd accepted Masons." 
 
 And furfher bi' it ^LMierallv known, well understood and remembertid, that any nieddlin^f, uflicious in- 
 terference (hrongh Dcpnlics, Agents or powers, in any shape or form, and from any quarter whatever, shall 
 at all limes be con^i'.lered and aclrd upon, as illegal and unconslilutional, and an ciicroachvicnt on ih;-: nai.u- 
 rut and roiiai itiilio'Uil Ma^unio i'ii»hts of these United Slates of North America. 
 
 EDWARD A. RAYMOND, 
 
 m. Treasurer Gvncrol of Ihe H. E 
 
 RUEL IJAKKR, 
 
 ///. Maaler of Ccrrmou^eJ ■ 
 
 JOHN CHRISTIE, 
 
 ;//, Cnplain >,/ Ihe L. i. 
 
 I'HAKLES AV. MOORE. 
 
 lit. Sccrfianj Gtncral of the H F. 
 
 AKCHiHALD BULL, 
 
 Srjr, Gr. hifjirclor General^ 33d. 
 
 KILLIAN H. VAN RENSSELAKI; 
 
 S-c Cr !'<-iJ.rli}r Geiicral ^^id. 
 
 GILES F. YATES. 
 
 M! l„.'p. Lin.l i!r- r<,mmonHer7.24. 
 
 
 Circular Letter issued October i, 1845, by the Supreme Council, 33°, for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the 
 
 United States of America, with notes by I1L-, J. J. J. Gourgas, 33°, Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 (From the Collection in the Library_of 111,". William Homan, 3J°.) 
 
Hnitierai terrarnm (Drbia '3lrcl)ttcctonts 
 per (^lortam ^ngentis. 
 
 DEUS MEUMQUE JUS. 
 
 ORDO AB CHAO. 
 
 ^^t0M V^i ©^^t of ^Ae Supreme Gra-nd Council of the M. P. Savertigns, Grand Inspectors 
 General of the thirty-third degree, under the C. C. of the Zenith, near the B -.■ B •■ answering to 40° 42' 40" 
 N. L., and 2° 51' 0" E. L., Meridian of Washington City. 
 
 To our Illustrious, most Valiani and Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, Knights of K — H, Plustrious Frintes 
 
 and Knights, Grand^ Ineffable and Sublime, Free a7id Accepted Masons of all degrees, ancisnt 
 
 and modern,'' over the sicrface of the tico Hemispheres ; 
 
 TO ALL TO WHOM THESE LETTERS MAY COME, GREETING: 
 
 €)caltt) "■" Stabilitij - — |)ocDcr. 
 
 ^V)ltOtl? ^3^*^i That we the undersigned, Most Puissant Sovereigns, Grand Inspectors General, law- 
 fully and constitutionally established at our GRAND EAST — the City of New-York, in Supreme Grand 
 Couticil of the thirty-third degree, for the Northern Masonic district and jurisdiction of the United States of North 
 America, and duly congregated this twenty-eighth Jay of Nissan, A, H". 560S, A. LIB" . 23S4, which corres- 
 ponds to the first day of May 1S4S, of the Christian Era. and A. 0"^ . 730, and A. M'". 534, at our Grand 
 Council Chamber, a Sacred Asylitm, where reign 
 
 Union — - Contentment — - lUisttom. 
 
 Do hereby most solemnly declare, certify and affirm, as follows, to wit : 
 
 WHEREAS, slanderous attacks void of the least semblance of truth, have been reiterated, publiEhed and 
 clandestinely disseminated, during the year past, from Paris, Scotland and elsewhere, by certain ill-intentioned 
 individuals, against this Supreme Grand Council and its Jlost Illustrious and highly respected Sovereign Grand 
 Commander, o?ie of its original fomiders ; we have resolved to set forth and transmit to our Illustrious Brothers 
 over the two Hemispheres, the following explanatory and vindicatory declaration of facts; 
 
 First. That the only two Supreme Grand Councils of the thirty-third and last degree " ancient and accepted 
 rite" which ever did, do now, or ever hereafter can lawfully and constitutionally exist for the United States of 
 America, their territories and dependencies, are the following: 
 
 \st. The Supreme Grand Council for the Southern Masonic District and Jurisdiction of the United States of 
 America, founded at the city- of Charleston, in the State of South Carolina, on the 3lst day of May, ISOl, by the 
 M. II. Brothers, John Mitchell, (Colonel in the Army of the Revolution, member of the Cincirmati, &:c.)i Doctor 
 Frederick Dalcho, Etnanuei De La Motta, Doctor I. Anld, Doctor James Moultrie, Abraham Alexander, M. C. 
 Livy, Thomas B. Bowen, and J. De Lieban. 
 
 ^d. The Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Masonic District and Jurisdiction of the said United States 
 of America, founded at New-York City, on the 5th day of August, 1813, by the M. II. Brothers Emanoel De La 
 Motta, Special Deputy — Representative from the aforesaid Supreme Grand Council at Charleston, Daniel D. Tomp- 
 kins, (Governor of the State of New- York, and afterwards Vice President of the United States of America,) S. 
 Simson, J. J. J. Gourgas, R. Rilt.Br, (Recorder of the City of New- York,) J. G. Tardy, and M. L. M. Peixotto. 
 
 ' By *■ MotlcTii " i^ ni'.'unt ilic Chrieliuu Deerees, vvbirli oriiiinated at the lime of the " Holy Wars." and shortly arter. 
 
 Circular Letter issued May i, 1848, by the Supreme Council, 33°, for the Northern Masonic 
 
 Jurisdiction of the United States of America, with marginal notes by 
 
 111.-. T. J. J. Gourgas, 33°, Sovereign Grand Commander, 
 
 (From the Collection in the Library of 111.*. William Homan, 53°.) 
 
Secondly. That thia Supreme Grand Council of Iht- 33d. at New-York'C](y, for the Northern Maaonid Dis- 
 trict and Jurisdiction of the United Stutea of America, never did " reamstitute" itself in 1832, nor at any other time 
 before nor since, but lias always remained inlf^ra], and lawfully and actively existent since the first instant it was 
 founded ; notwithstandiiii;^ the wholeaalo fabrications i)\iblish<>d by F. T. B. Clavel . in his Almanac for 1847 {at 
 page 50) : all of which are sheer deliberate falsehoods, as well as all other things this slanderer has published at 
 various times previous, against ihe said two only lawful and consiitulioual Supreme Grand Councils of the 33d at 
 Charhston, South Carolina, and at New- York City, for the said United States of America, and for which he was 
 denounced in our manifestos of May 1st, and August 2d, 184-5. 
 
 Thirdly. That from the powers which were granted by the Supreme Grand Council at Charleston, South 
 Carolina, on the 21st of February 1S02, to Count De Grasse, have been derived the Supreme Councils at Paris 
 and elsewhere on the European Continent. 
 
 Fourthly. That in 1813, the expulsion of J oseph Cern eau, "his abbettors and followers," was lawfully and 
 regularly published by the Supreme Grand Council of Charleston aforesaid. 
 
 Fifthly. That in ]S32, a certain^hijjh-titiedj.'^encli intrude^, suddenly iriade his appearance in New-York 
 City, where joining- the rewtoiTW of the Company of said Jos eph Cerneau. he conjured up with iheni, and his lineal 
 successor and High Masonic Child, the late Elias Hicks, what they denominated iheir " Gjand Fusion and Union " — 
 "Tres unoCongre^u," and arrogated to themselv<^s ibc tide and powers of " Supreme Conseil uni ^ pour V Hemis - 
 p here occidental — chefs, su blime s de la Haute niupon ncrie. " The very idea of such " incorporation in unity " is 
 insane, and the act itself a monstrous anomaly, in open defiance of the constitutions of our M. 111. order : and so far 
 as it regards or concerns our aforesaid two Supreme Grand Councils, and their natural conslitutiona! rights in 
 these United Slates of America, their territories and dependencies, we hereby pronounce and proclaim the whole 
 to be a deeply laid, gross and palpable _/rau(/, a reckless attempt at usurpation, and an engrafting of their own for- 
 eign misdeeds and innovations upon "ancient, frae and accepted Masonryln these United States of America. 
 
 In this connection, we wpuld say a word respecting the titles assumed by this same intruder, as they are 
 given in the Tableaux of the " Supreme Conseil de France" to which he belongs, to wit : Most Puissant Sove- 
 reign Grand Commander, Grand Master Adjunct nd viiam. Supreme Grand Kepresentative, Deputy Universal, 
 general and special, ordinary and exlraordinar\-, of the Supreme Council united, for ihe Western Hemisphere! " 
 We would ask, how is it possible that a Supreme Council such as that of France which claims to be full of " hautes 
 capacit^s," could ever have suffered itself to have been so egregiously " duped," and to have remained so since 
 1832? and whether ihe adoption of such silly, presumptuous, and unprecedented titles and fju.ilities, was ever au- 
 thorized by true, ancient, free and accepted masonry ? 
 
 Sixthly. As to the scandalous falsehood uttered in said publication of F. T. B. Clave), that we were reconsti- 
 tuted in 1832, and became part of said spurious Council of El ias H icks and others, original members and success- 
 ors of Joseph Cerneau, it bears the stamp of extreme impudence and absurdity upon its face, and well known 
 " facts and documents give the lie to it in the must formal maimer." Moreover we wish it to be well and fully 
 understood and remembered, that there is, and always has existed, from our very beginning in 1813, and ever 
 must of necessity exist, an irremovable moral impossihilily on our part, to form the most distant affinity with such 
 people or their successors, under any pretext or device that may be invented. 
 
 Setenthly. In regard to the very delicate and recherchi flcur de Rethorique from the aforesaid titled French 
 intriguer, " a high dignitary of Ihe Supreme Conseil de France," that we are "la queue de De Grasse," it is 
 sufficient to observe, that inasmuch as De Grasse established said " Supreme Conseil de France " in 1804, it is 
 
 H^ 
 
 upreme ' 
 
 nd none other. Is, and ever must remain the veritable "queue i 
 
 evident that said 
 Grasse." 
 
 Eighthly. In reference to the slanderous attacks so impudently levelled at this Supreme Grand Council and 
 our venerable well beloved Chief during the pa.st year (1S47) clandestinely published and disseminated with, so 
 much pains and craft by a certain S cotch doctor o f high Mas onic preten si ons, ( whom his coadjutor Clave! calls 
 his " honorable friend^") we will only observe, ihat he has exemplified in his own conduct, how far such intriguers 
 as he may forget themselves, and sully their own characters and assumed position, by defiling the Holy Truth, 
 
 
 1 
 
 De 
 
Ninthly. The imputation that any one of us is " Marckand des hauts grades aox dupts qu 'il peut faire," 
 comes with an exceeding ill grace from people who ate themselves notorionsly what they charge upon others. 
 There were no '" Marc hands des hauts grades" in this country until the travelling emissaries and disorganizing pro- 
 pogandists to whom we have alluded, infested and interfered within these United States of America. The over- 
 stepping of freemasonic landmarks, and substitutions of novelties for time-honored principles and laws, have 
 hitherto come directly from that hot-bed of innovation — France; or indirectly from that country through South 
 America , the West^Indies^c. We shall consider ourselves fortunate, if for the time to come, the masonic emissaries 
 of the French^and their " recog-nitions," are disseminated any where else than in these United States of America, 
 their territories and dependencies. Here we have the right, and we wish to exert the privilege, of being our own 
 advisers and directors, in whatever relates to " Ancient, Free and Accepted Masonry " — the only sort of Masonry 
 held in estimation by us. We neither receive nor send any kind of representatives, regarding it as an innovation 
 on ancieTit masonic practice, fraught with danger to our order. We believe that all the good it proposes, can he 
 accomplished by the ancient custom of stated or occasional correspondence. 
 
 We hereby declare our determination to comply, in every respect, with the terms of our circular-manifesto 
 of the 1st October 1845, and to endeavor to preserve in its integrity and purity, our " ancieTit and accepted rite." 
 Should, therefore, any future interference, from any quarter whatever, be attempted, we shall continue to assert 
 and maintain our rights, and in reference to such interference, take such action as our duty and freemasonic laws 
 require at our hands. 
 
 In taking our leave of all tnie brethren, we would ask them whether our masonic titles which we claim so 
 religiously to preserve within our Inner Easts, our hierogl^-phical jewels, in particular those of the 14th, ISth and 
 33d, which we wear upon our breasts, and even the very words " Holy Empire," were not intended by our ancient 
 institutors, to inspire us with sentiments of a far more sacred and momentous nature than those which regard 
 earthly honors and distinctions and the ephemeral affairs of the world ; whether thev were not designed to imprint 
 upon our minds and s€cU upon our hearts, teuths and duties more sublime and commendable, than are taught in the 
 school of worldly ambition and petty intrigue? Are they not suggestive of actions, the very antipodes of those 
 prompted by partisan, selfish, and mercenary motives ? Is our exemplar the grovelling wily serpent, or the soaring 
 eagle, with its eye fixed upon the sun? Are we not bound to shun as pestiferous, all innovators and evil-doers in 
 " Ancient, Free and Accepted Masonry," and all traitors to its principles and laws ? 
 
 JBctts lEcumque Ms. 
 
 J. J. J. eOVKCAS, 
 
 Sov, Gr. Commander 33d ad vitam. 
 
 EDWARD A. R.\YMO\D, Gr. Treasurer 
 
 General of the H -■ E ■.■ ^, ,^ ..,^,-x 
 
 /y^^^^ ^^\ CHARLES W. MOOKE, Gr. Secretary 
 »v/4./ ^ \J.\rt> General of the H ■.- E :■ 
 
 K. H. VAN RENSSELAER, Gr. Master frji 
 of Ceremonies. 
 
 \AjgMHydM5JvV ARCHIBALD BULL, Sot. Gr. Inspector 
 
 JOHN CHRISTIE, Captain of the L. G. ~"'>M^ii_S^>*' 
 
 eiLES F. TAXES. 
 
 Ins. Lieut. Gr. Commander 33d. 
 
Hntt)er0t ^crrartim CDrbts QVrcliittctonis 
 per (S^lorimn Jngcntis. 
 
 ORDO ABThAO. 
 
 JftOtIt f llC ^rtst of the Supreme GraTid Council of fJie M. P. Sovereigns, Grand Inspectors 
 General oi XhQ thirty-third degree, under the c. c. of the Zenith, near the b. b., answer- 
 ing to 40^ 42' 40" N. L.. and 2^ 51' 0" E. L., Meridian of Washington City. 
 
 7b our IHustTnmis. most Valiant awl Sublime Princes of^he Royal Secret, Knights of K — if, Illustrious Princes 
 
 and KiiighLs, Grand, IneffaMe and Suhlinie, Free and Accepted Masons of all degrees, 
 
 ancient aiid modern, over the surface of the tico Hemispheres : 
 
 (Eo rtfC fo tt»§om ilj^sc Ccftcrs iit««i come, (Swrftng: 
 
 HEALTH, - STABILITY, - POWER, 
 
 KbOW Yc That we the undersigned, ^^ost Puissant Sovereigns, Grand Inspectors General, lawfully and 
 constitutionally established at our GRAND EAST — the City of New-York, in Supreme Grand Council of the 
 thirty-third degree, for the Norlhem Masonic district and jurisdiction of the United States of North America, and 
 duly congregated this tucnty-ninth day of Yiar, A. H™. 5608, A. LIB'^ 2384, which corresponds to the first day 
 of June, 1848, of the Christian Era, and A. 0'^ 730 — and A. M". 534, at our Grand Council CJiamber, a Sacred 
 Asylum, where reign 
 
 UNION, ~ CONTENTMENT, — AVISDOM. 
 
 Decree and Order, Tliat the follo^^■illg official declaration, be published for the iniormation and govern- 
 ment of all true and enlightoncl Brethren wherever dispersed. 
 
 That this Supreme Grand Council deems it proper and advisable to define its position and the platform on 
 which it now stands, and has stood ever since its foundations were first laid, proclaimed and recognized in the 
 years 5767, 5797, 5806, 5808, and 5813. 
 
 That it constitutionally claims Masonic jurisdiction over all the northern, north-western and north-eastern parts 
 of the United States of America, their territories and dependencies, a.s the Supreme Tribunal for the '' Grand, 
 Ineffable and Sublime Degrees — Ancient and accepted rite" of the thirty -third and last degree : But that in defer- 
 ence to the Constitutions of "the York rile" practised in this country, it waives its rights and privileges so far as 
 they relate to the *' first three degrees''^ of "Ancient Craft Masonry, " which long before the establishment of a 
 Supreme Grand Council in this Hemisphere, vere under the control of Symbolic Grand Lodges. But this 
 Supreme Grand Council does explicitly claim the exclusive right, natural, lawful and constitutional, to confer, 
 establish and govern the following Degrees, which now are, and always have been, under the government of 
 Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, or of Bodies deriving authority from a legal Supreme Grand Council of the 
 
 Circular Letter issued June i, 1848, by the Supreme Council, 33°, for the Northern Masonic 
 Jurisdiction of the United States of America. 
 
 (From the Collection in the Library of Ul.-. William Homan, jj°) 
 
tliirty-tliird and last degree, to wit : 4lh, Secret Master ; 5tli, rerjcct MasU^r ; tilli, Inlhnate Secrelary ; 7lh, Pro- 
 vost and Judge ; 8th, Infendani of the Buildings ; 9th, Elected of Nine ; 10th, Elected of Fifteen ; 11th, Suhlimc 
 Knight Elected; 12th, Grand Mast4)r Architect; 13lh, Royal Arch of Solomon; 14th, Grand Elect Perfect and 
 Sublime Mason ; 15t!i, Knight of the East or Sicord ; IGth, Prince of Jerusalem ; 17th, Knight of the East and 
 West; 18th, Sovereign Prince Rase Croix of H — R — D — M — ; 19th, Grand Pontiff; 20th, Gran/l Master 
 of all Symholic Lodges ; 21st, Patriarch Noachite ; '2'2(i, Prince of Lilanu^ ; 2M, Chief of the Tabernacle ; 24th, 
 Prince of the Tabernacle ; 25th, Knight of the Brazen Serpent ; 2Gth, Prince of Mercy ; 27th, Commander of the 
 Temple ; 28th, Knight of the Sun; 29th, Patriarch of the Cnt^ades ; 30th, Grand Elect Knight K—H. ; 31st, 
 Grand Inspector Inijuisilor Commander ; 32d, Sublime Prince if the Royal Secret ; 33d, and last Degree, (official) 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General. 
 
 That this Supreme Grand Council and the various Bodies under its Charters, admit no one into its aforesaid 
 Degrees, and require no other qualifications in Candidates, exeept that they be " good men and true," and have 
 been regularly initiated into " Ancient Craft Masonry," by some regular legal ''Ancient York Master-Masons' 
 Lodge," and are at the same time either Officers or active Members of such a Lodge. 
 
 Moreover, as conservators pledged to preserve the "ancient and accepted rite of the thirty-third and last de- 
 gree," pure and inviolate, and free from all unlawful and spurious intermixture or associations, this Supreme 
 Grand Council feels itself constrained most unequivocally to renew its former declaration, and solemnly denounce 
 as unlawful and unconstitutional, and protest against, the acts and pretensions of all' other Bodies under whatever 
 name or title they may exist, claiming to exercise control or authority over " the ancient and accepted rite of the 
 thirty*third and last degreej" cautioning all Brethren wherever dispersed over the two Hemispheres, that accumu- 
 lation of Rites, whether under the designatinn of Councils, Colleges, or any other denomination whatever, is an 
 anomaly in Freemasonry, fraught with confusion, mischief and danger to the whole Masonic Family, and which 
 never can receive the sanction of this Supreme Grand Council, nor the approval of any intelligent Body of Ma- 
 sons sincerely devoted to the purity, happiness and j)rospcrity of our well-beloved, ancient, Free and Accepted 
 Masonry. 
 
 ,1. J. J. GOURGAS, 
 
 M, p. Sov. Gr. Comiiiandt'r 33rf ad vilam. 
 
 EDWARD A. RAYMOND, 
 
 lU. Treasurer General of the H. E. 
 
 KILLIAN H. VAN RENSSELAER, 
 
 III. Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 JOHN CHRISTIE, 
 
 111. Captmn of the L. G. 
 
 CHARLES W. MOORE, 
 
 ///. Secretary General of the H. E. 
 
 ARCHIBALD BULL, 
 
 Sov. Gr. Inspector General, 33c/. 
 
 GILES F. YATES, 
 
 M, I. Insp. Lieut. Gr. Commander, 33c/. 
 
The red LETTER 
 
 of 
 
 September 21, 1882 
 
 ^^^^ EXPELLING ^^^^ 
 
 Hopkins Thompson Edward W. Atwood 
 
 Robert B. Folger Robert E. Roberts 
 
 John B, Harris John G. Barker 
 
 William T. Woodruff 
 
 . * 0/* T*% (j.\ L\ . 
 
 ORDO AB CHAP iMp^Pfl DEUS MEUMQUE JUS 
 
 Union Toleration — Power 
 
 From the East of the Supreme Coancil of Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen. of the 
 33d and last Degree of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, for the 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America, under 
 the C. C. of the Z. near the B. B., answering to 42° 22' 22" N. L., 
 and 5° 59' 18" E. L. 
 
 ORIENT, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 To THE Brethren of all the Di-grees of our Obedience : 
 
 The persistency in wrong doing of certain persons in several 
 States to peddle for gain, degrees which they allege to be of the 
 regular A. . A. . Scottish Rite, induces the Supreme Council of the 
 
 (6) 
 
78 'The ancient accepted Scottish rite. 
 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the U. S., to issue this Warning- 
 and Declaration to the Brethren of its obedience, and to all Masons 
 interested in the Rite. 
 
 The earliest Supreme Council of the 33d Degree in the United 
 States is that now governing the Rite in the Southern Jurisdiction, 
 with its See at Charleston, S. C, organized in 1801, of which 
 Albert Pike is Grand Commander. 
 
 Subsequently, in the early years of the century, two other 
 Supreme Councils were organized, one by Joseph Cerneau, with 
 its See at New York City, and claiming Jurisdiction over the entire 
 United States ; and the other by De La Motta, as delegated under 
 the fundamental Constitution, by the Charleston Supreme Council 
 to have Jurisdiction over the Northern States, while the Charleston 
 Body retained control over the Southern States : the Northern 
 Council to have its See at New York City, but which was removed 
 to Boston in 1851 : this Council was also known as the "Gourgas 
 Council." 
 
 In i860, the Gourgas or Northern Council became divided; 
 III.". Killian H. Van Rensselaer, commanding one, and 
 III.". Edward A. Raymond^ commanding the other, while the 
 Cerneau Council was under command of Edmund B. Hays. 
 
 Amid the contentions for supremacy in the two Supreme Councils 
 for the Northern Jurisdiction, on the 7th Feb., 1863, a solemn treaty 
 of union was entered into, without a dissenting voice, between the 
 Supreme Councils commanded by Edward A. Raymond, and Ed- 
 mund B. Hays, and a new Council evolved under the name of the 
 "Supreme Council of the A. . A. . Scottish Rite for the United 
 States of America, its Territories and Dependencies," III." E. B. 
 Hays becoming the Grand Commander, and Edward A. Raymond, 
 Deputy Grand Commander : thus all .there ever was of either of the 
 Bodies known as the Cerneau Supreme Council or the Raymond 
 Supreme Council were mei-ged into a new and united organization 
 bevond the power of any combination of Inspectors-General to again 
 revive either of the former ones. On the 22d October, 1865, the 
 nevv' Council unanimously changed its name to the " Supreme 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 79 
 
 Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the 
 United States of America." 
 
 On the 14th December, 1865, for gross unmasonic conduct Harry 
 J. Seymour, by unanimous approval of this United Council, was 
 expelled from all rights and powers in the Scottish Rite. 
 
 There then remained two Supreme Councils in the Northern 
 Jurisdiction of the United States. 
 
 On the 17th of May, 1867, these two Councils settled upon terms 
 of consolidation, each unanimously agreeing to give up its separate 
 existence, and to become constituent parts Of the Council, now 
 known as the "Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdic- 
 tion of the United States," of which Hon. Josiah H. Drummond 
 was then elected Grand Commander, and re-elected, until September, 
 1879, when the Hon. Henry L Palmer was elected, and still is 
 Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 Harry J. Seymour who was expelled two years previous to the 
 final union of the Cerneau, Raymond and Van Rensselaer Councils, 
 has placed in existence a relic of shame : v/hich he sold out subse- 
 quently to WilHam H. Peckham, and which is now advertised as 
 "The Supreme Grand Council Thirty-third and last degree of the 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, as organized by Joseph Cerneau, 
 33" in 1807, for the United States of America, its Territories and 
 Dependencies, with the following Officers : — William H. Peckham, 
 Sovereign Grand Commander; Alexander B. Mott, Lieutenant Grand 
 Commander; Charles D. Brown, Minister of State; Bradley C. 
 Prescott, Secretary General ; Cyrus O. Hubbell, Treasurer General ; 
 Claudius F. 'Beatty, Grand Marshal ; James S. Fraser, Master of 
 Ceremonies ; Charles F. Beck, Grand Marshal ; W'm. J. McDonald, 
 Captain of Guard." 
 
 This Body was denounced by Robert B. Folger and Hopkins 
 Thompson, under their own signatures ; they since then have- been 
 equally, if not more flagrantly, guilty of similar unmasonic acts, and 
 rebellion against the lawful Body, and stand self -condemned, inas- 
 much as in January, 1881, they proclaimed and denied under their 
 own signatures, "the right of any man, or body of men to revive 
 
so THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 either of the Councils, which, as active members they united with 
 its other members in finally dissolving," in 1863 and 1867. 
 
 Notwithstanding- the facts above set forth, the said Robert B. 
 Folger, Hopkins Thompson and others, in violation of their obliga- 
 tions and their oaths of allegiance, have attempted to revive a 
 Supreme Council, which they advertise as " The Supreme Grand 
 Council, Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General, Thirty-third and last 
 degree. Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, for the United States 
 of America, their Territories and Dependencies, with the following 
 Officers : — Hopkins Thompson, Sovereign Grand Commander ; Ed- 
 ward ^^'. Atwood, Lieutenant Grand Commander; Wm. T. \'\'ood- 
 rufT, ^Minister of State; Robert E. Roberts, Treasurer General; 
 Robert B. Folger, Secretar)- General; John G. Barker, Keeper of 
 Archives ; John B. Harris, blaster of Ceremonies ; David W. 
 Thompson, Grand ^Marshal General; John J. Gorman, Captain of 
 Guard." 
 
 These two so called Councils, it is hardly necessary to add, are 
 not recognized by any legitimate power of the Scottish Rite in the 
 \A'orld, nor will they nor any of the persons claiming to have re- 
 ceived degrees of our Rite from them be received or recognized by 
 the Supreme Councils of the World, nor have they any claim upon 
 you as ^lasons of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, nor can such 
 persons be healed in any manner here or elsewhere, but may receive 
 the degrees lawfully as other Master Masons have to do. 
 
 The Supreme Council for the Northern ^lasonic Jurisdiction in 
 annual session on the 21st day of September, 1882, unanimously 
 adopted the following preamble and resolutions : 
 
 WHEREAS, Hopkins Thompson, an Emeritus membei-, and 
 Robert B. Folgfer, John B. Harris, Edward W. Atwood, and Robert 
 E. Roberts, Honorary Members, who have severally subscribed the 
 Oath of Fealty to this Supreme Council and owe obedience thereto, 
 have openly declared and made known througfh the public press and 
 otherwise their connection with and support of certain men who 
 have banded together within this jurisdiction, in opposition to the 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 81 
 
 jurisdiction of this Council, and confer degrees which they falsely 
 and wickedly pretend are of this Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite of 
 Freemasonry, without the sanction of this Supreme Council, in 
 violation of their said Oath of Fealty and of their duty to this 
 Supreme Council ; therefore, 
 
 RESOLVED, That Hopkins Thompson, Emeritus, and Robert 
 B. Folgfer, John B. Harris, Edward W. Atwood, and Robert E. 
 Roberts, Honorary members, be and are hereby severally 
 
 EXPELLED 
 from all the rights, powers and privileges of Sovereign Grand 
 Inspectors-General and members of the Ancient Accepted Scottish 
 Rite. 
 
 RESOLVED, That the foregoing preamble and resolution be 
 transmitted to all the Bodies of the Rite of our obedience, and to all 
 Supreme Councils in correspondence with this Supreme Council. 
 
 And inasmuch as two Princes of the Royal Secret have been, and 
 continue to be participants in the above Masonic crime, aiding and 
 abetting in these acts of shame, the said authority on the same day 
 tmanimously adopted the following preamble and resolution : 
 
 WHEREAS, John G. Barker and William T. Woodruff, of New 
 York City, being Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret of the obedi- 
 ence of this Supreme Council, have notoriously aided a spurious and 
 ^:Iandestinc organization which is conferring: degrees and which it 
 falsely and wickedly pretends are of this Ancient Accepted Scottish 
 R.ite of Freemasonry, but being without the sanction of this Supreme 
 Council, and such conduct being in violation of the duty and obliga- 
 tions of said Barker and Woodruff to this Supreme Council; therefore, 
 
 RESOLVED, That this Supreme Council in the exercise of one 
 of its highest prerogatives hereby EXPELS said John G. Barker and 
 William T. Woodruff from all the rights, powers and benefits of the 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
s-' 
 
 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 You will not recognize as lawfully invested with any of the 
 degrees of our Rite from the 4th to the 33" any one who does not 
 produce lawful and sufficient evidence of having received said de- 
 grees under the authority of a lawful power of our Rite in a Body 
 of its obedience. 
 
 Appended hereto is a full list of the Officers, Active, Emeriti 
 and Honorary Members of the Supreme Council for the Northern 
 iMasonic Jurisdiction of the United States, who are recognized by 
 the following Supreme Councils of the world, viz. : 
 
 Si'PREME CouxciL for the Southern 
 
 Jurisdiction of the U. S. 
 Supreme Council for France and 
 
 Dependencies. 
 Supreme Council for England, 
 
 Wales, and Dependencies of the 
 
 British Crown. 
 Supreme Council for Scotland. 
 Supreme Council for Ireland. 
 Supreme Council for Brazil, Lavra- 
 
 dio. 
 Supreme Council for Belgium. 
 Supreme Council for the Argentine 
 
 Republic. 
 Supreme Council for Uruguay. 
 Supreme Council for Peru. 
 
 Supreme Council for Portugal. 
 
 Supreme Council for Italy at Turin. 
 
 Supreme Council for Mexico. 
 
 Supreme Council for New Granada. 
 
 Supreme Council for Central Am- 
 erica. 
 
 Supreme Council for Chili. 
 
 Supreme Council for Greece. 
 
 Supreme Council for the Dominion 
 of Canada. 
 
 Supreme Council for Colon, Cuba. 
 
 Supre.me Council for Egypt. 
 
 Supreme Council for Tunis. 
 
 Supreme Council for Spain, known 
 as the "Paz'' or Sagasta Council. 
 
 " mav our Tatber lUbo i$ in fitwin Un you always in I)i$ boly Keeping.' 
 
 'U^n-t-o-'H Or C/-ei-t^€^ So.'. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 83 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Henry L Palmer Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 Charles Levi Woodbury Puissant Grand Lieutenant Commander. 
 
 Joseph Davis Evans Grand Minister of State. 
 
 Hem AN Ely Grand Treasurer. 
 
 Clinton Freeman Paige Grand Secretary General. 
 
 Samuel Crocker Lawrence Grand Keeper of Arcliives. 
 
 Charles T. McClenachan Grand Master General of Ceremonies. 
 
 Homer Stanley Goodwin Grand Marshal General. 
 
 William R. Higby Grand Standard Bearer. 
 
 George Otis Tyler Grand Captain of Guards. 
 
 Rev. Thomas R. Lambert Grand Prior. 
 
 J. H. HoBART Ward Grand Marshal of the Camp. 
 
 Hugh McCurdy Grand Marshal of the Camp. 
 
 Henry C. Urner Grand Marshal of the Camp. 
 
 DEPUTIES. 
 
 Josiah H. Drummond Portland For Maine. 
 
 Frank A. McKean Portsmouth " New Hampshire. 
 
 George O. Tyler Burlington " Vermont. 
 
 Benjamin Dean Boston " Massachusetts. 
 
 Thomas A. Doyle Providence " Rhode Island. 
 
 Charles William Carter Norwich " Connecticut. 
 
 Robert M. C. Graham'. New York City " New York. 
 
 John Woolverton Trenton " New Jersey. 
 
 Anthony E. Stocker Philadelphia " Pennsylvania. 
 
 David Burnham Tracy Detroit " Michigan. 
 
 Enoch Terry Carson Cincinnati " Ohio. 
 
 Elbridge G. Hamilton La Porte " Indiana. 
 
 Henry H. Pond Chicago. . (Special) .... " Illinois. 
 
 Albert V. H. Carpenter Milwaukee " Wisconsin. 
 
 Address. 
 Henry L Palmer, Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander, 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 Clinton F. Paige, Grand Secretary General, Office Address, si Astor 
 
 House, New York City; Personal Address, Binghamton, N. Y. 
 
 Albert P. Moriarty, Assistant Grand Secretary, 
 
 51 Astor House, New York City. 
 
S4 
 
 THE ANCIEXT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 ACTIVE MEMBERS. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 George A\'. Deering., Portland. 
 JosiAH H. Drummond^ Portland. 
 William P. Preble^ Portland. 
 
 NEW HASIPSHIRE. 
 
 John Christie^ Portsmouth. 
 Aaron King^ Nashua. 
 Frank A. McKean, Nashua. 
 *JoHN H. George, Concord. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 George Otis Tyler, Burlington. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Lucius R. Paige, Cambridgeport. 
 William Parkmax, Boston. 
 William S. Gardner, Newton. 
 Benjamin Dean, Boston. 
 Samuel C. Lawrence, Boston. 
 Charles Levi Woodbury, Boston. 
 
 RHODE island. 
 
 Thomas A. Doyle, Providence. 
 Newton D. Arnold, Providence. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 AVilliam R. Higby, Bridgeport. 
 Charles W. Carter, Norwich. 
 George W. Bentley, New London. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Daniel Sickels, New York City. 
 Chas. T. jMcClenachan. N. Y. City. 
 Henry C. Banks, New York City. 
 John L. Lewis, Penn Yan. 
 Clinton F. Paige, Binghamton. 
 Joseph D. Evans, New York City. 
 Robert J\L C. Graham, N. Y. City. 
 Albert G. Goodall, N. Y. City. 
 *JoHN W. Simons, New York City. 
 
 * Emcr 
 
 NEW jersey. 
 Joseph H. Hough, Trenton. 
 John Woolverton, Trenton. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Anthony E. Stocker, Philadelphia. 
 H. Stanley Goodwin, Bethlehem. 
 Charles E. Meyer, Philadelphia. 
 Samuel Harper, Pittsburgh. 
 Robert E. Patterson, Philadelphia. 
 Geter C. Shidle, Pittsburgh. 
 Augustus R. Hall, Philadelphia. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 D. BuRNHAM Tracy, Detroit. 
 RuFus W. Landon, Niles. 
 Abraham T. AIetcalf, Kalamazoo. 
 *Francis a. Blades, Detroit. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Enoch T. Carson, Cincinnati. 
 Heman Ely, Elyria. 
 Ch.\rles Brown, Cincinnati. 
 Brenton D. Babcock, Cleveland. 
 John L. Stettinius, Cincinnati. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 John Caven, Indianapolis. 
 Elbridge G. Hamilton, La Porte. 
 Thomas R. Austin, Vincennes. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 HosMER A. Johnson, Chicago. 
 Robert H. Foss, Chicago. 
 Walter A. Stevens, Chicago. 
 Vincent L. Hurlbut, Chicago. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 Henry' L Palmer. Milwaukee. 
 Albert V. H. Carpenter, Milwaukee. 
 Thomas E. Balding, ^lilwaukee. 
 
 ■itus. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Edward P. Burnham, Saco. 
 Henry H. Dickey, Lewiston. 
 Aurin L. Dresser, Portland. 
 Marquis F. King, Portland. 
 Henrv Lee Paine, Portland. 
 
 NEW H.AMPSHIRE. 
 
 Henry B. Atherton, Nashua. 
 John J. Bell, Exeter. 
 George P. Cleaves, Concord. 
 Nathaniel W. Cummer, ^lanchester. 
 Joseph W. Fellows, Manchester. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 85 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 Thomas E. Hatch, Keene. 
 Natt Head, Hookset. 
 Oliver H. Phillips, Nashua. 
 Charles G. Pickering, -Portsmouth. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Franklin H. Bascom, Montpelier. 
 George Henry Bigelow, Burlington. 
 Milton K. Paine, Windsor. 
 Levi Underwood, Burlington. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 William R. Alger, Boston. 
 
 William' W. Baker, Boston. 
 
 E. Dana Bancroft, Ayer. 
 
 Benjamin F. Butler, Gloucester. 
 
 George O. Carpenter, Boston. 
 
 William H. Chessman, Boston. 
 
 Charles C. Dame, Newburyport. 
 
 Henry Endicott, Cambridgeport. 
 
 Percival L. Everett, Boston. 
 
 James A. Fox, Boston. 
 
 James H. Freeland, Boston, 
 
 Benjamin A. Gordd, Boston. 
 
 Samuel H. Gregory, Boston. 
 
 William' H. Guild, Boston. 
 
 Charles B, Hall, Boston. 
 John K. Hall, Boston. 
 
 Daniel Harwood, Boston. 
 
 Nicholas Hathaway, Fall River. 
 
 Charles C. Hutchinson, Lowell. 
 Abraham H. Howland, Jr., New Bed- 
 ford. 
 Albert H. Kelsey, North Cambridge. 
 William F. Knowles, North Cam- 
 bridge. 
 Thomas R. Lambert, Charlestown. 
 Daniel W. Lawrence, Medford. 
 Wyzcman Marshall, Boston. 
 Henry Mulliken, Boston. 
 Sereno D. Nickerson, Boston. 
 Benjamin F. Nourse, Cambridgeport. 
 Gilbert Nurse Pepperell, Boston. 
 Henry P. Perkins, Lowell. 
 George W. Ray, Springfield. 
 William' A. Richardson, Cambridge. 
 William F. Salmon, Lowell. 
 
 Charles A. B. Shepard, Boston. 
 William A. Smith, Worcester. 
 Joel Spalding, Lowell. 
 Richard S. Spoffard, Newburyport. 
 Edward Stearns, Boston. 
 John L. Stevenson, Boston. 
 William D. Stratton, Boston. 
 Zeph. H. Thomas, Jr., Cambridge- 
 port. 
 William W. Tucker, Boston. 
 Frederick G. Walbridge, Boston. 
 Charles A. Welch, Boston. 
 Otis S. 'Weld, Boston. 
 Edward A. White, Boston. 
 Henry A. Whitney, Boston. 
 Marshal P. Wilder, Boston. 
 Edwin Wright, Boston. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 William B. Blanding, Providence. 
 James B. Brayton, Newport. 
 Eugene D. Burt, Providence. 
 George M. Carpenter, Jr., Providence. 
 ."Vlbert H. Chaffee, Providence. 
 Nicholas Van Slyck, Providence. 
 Stillman White, Providence. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Marcus C. Allen, Bridgeport. 
 Nathan A. Baldwin, Milford. 
 Charles E. Billings, Hartford. 
 Francis Turner De Bussy, New 
 
 Haven. 
 James L. Gould, Bridgeport. 
 James Kirker, Norwich. 
 Henry L. Parker, Norwich. 
 Charles W. Skiff, Danbury. 
 Joseph K. Wheeler, Hartford. 
 Charles Webb, Norwich. 
 
 NEW VCRK. 
 
 William V. .-Xlexander, New York. 
 Jesse B. Anthony, Troy. 
 Judson B. Andrews, Utica. 
 John R. Anderson, LeRoy. 
 Edward H. Brown, Syracuse. 
 George Babcock, Troy. 
 
80 
 
 THE Ah'ClENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 John S. Bartlett, Buffalo. 
 A. Colo-Veloni, Brookiyn. 
 Joseph B. Chaffee, Binghamton. 
 Otis Cole, Rochester. 
 John F. Collins, New York City. 
 Abel Gay Cook, Syracuse. 
 John S. Dickerman, Albany. 
 Edward M. L. Ehlers, New York City. 
 John A. Foster, New York City. 
 Walter M. Fleming, New York City. 
 Hugh Gardner, New York City. 
 George J. Gardner, Syracuse. 
 George W. Gilbert, New York City. 
 Edwin Gates, Brooklyn. 
 James W. Husted, Peekskill. 
 John Hodge, Lockport. 
 John Innes, New York City. 
 Joseph J. Jennings, New York City. 
 Samuel Jones, New York City. 
 Augustus M. Koeth, Rochester. 
 Edwin J. Loomis, Norwich. 
 John Lutes, Rochester. 
 Albert P. Moriarty, New York City. 
 Robert Macoy, New York City. 
 John !Moon, New York City. 
 James McCredie, Buffalo. 
 John N. Macomb, Jr., Branchport. 
 William B. Newman, New York City. 
 Aaron L. Northrop, New York City. 
 Darius A. Ogden, Penn Yan. 
 Zenas C. Priest, Utica. 
 Augustus W. Peters, Brooklyn. 
 William S. Paterson, New York City. 
 Charles A. Rapallo, New York City. 
 Charles Roome, New York City. 
 John C. Robinson, Binghamton. 
 Henry J. Shields, Brooklyn. 
 Seymour H. Stone, Syracuse. 
 Henr\- S. Sloan. Binghamton. 
 Wilson Small, New York City. 
 John L. Sage, Rochester, 
 fenjamin F. Stiles, Skaneateles. 
 Gustavus W. Smith, New York City. 
 William Lincoln Sage, Rochester. 
 Horace S. Taylor, New York City. 
 James Ten Eyck, Albany. 
 
 Charles H. Thomson, Corning. 
 Jacob R. Telfair, New York City. 
 John Vanderbeck, New York City. 
 Harrison S. Vining, Brooklyn. 
 Robert H. Waterman, Albany. 
 Alfred Woodham, Brooklyn. 
 J. H. Hobart Ward, New York City. 
 John D. WilHams, Elmira. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Benjamin B. Aycrigg, Passaic. 
 Charles Bechtel, Trenton. 
 Jerome B. Borden, New Brunswick. 
 John W. Cosad, Jersey City. 
 George B. Edwards, Jersey City 
 
 Heights. 
 Andrew B. Frazee, Camden. 
 William Wallace Goodwin, Camden. 
 James Gopsill, Jersey City. 
 ^Marcus Higginbotham, Jersey City. 
 William H. Jeffreys, Camden. 
 George Scott, Paterson. 
 Otis H. Tiffany, Newark. 
 George Tucker, Hoboken. 
 Warren Tucker, Newark. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 James S. Barber, Philadelphia. 
 Charles W. Batchelor, Pittsburgh. 
 George P. Balmain, Pittsburgh. 
 Alfred Creigh, Washington. 
 De Witt C. Carroll, Pittsburgh. 
 Thomas R. Davis, Philadelphia. 
 Charles R. Early, Ridgeway. 
 William H. Egle, Harrisburgh. 
 Sydney Hayden, Athens. 
 John Hanold, Philadelphia. 
 Townsend S, Hunn, Philadelphia. 
 James H. Hopkins, Pittsburgh. 
 Benjamin B. Hill, St. Petersburgh. 
 Calvin L. Stowell, Rochester, N. Y. 
 Frank L. Stowell, Olean, N. Y. 
 Franklin Garrigues, Philadelphia. 
 Charles H. Kingston, Philadelphia. 
 Christian F. Knapp, Bloomsburg. 
 Isaac D. Lutz, Harrisburg. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 Mark R. Muckle, Philadelphia. 
 Isaac Muff, Philadelphia. 
 Alexander M. Pollock, Pittsburgh. 
 Thomas R. Patton, Philadelphia. 
 Robert Asa Packer, Sayre. 
 Andrew Robeno, Jr., Philadelphia. 
 George E. Ridgeway, Franklin. 
 John Sartain, Philadelphia. 
 Henry Sartain, Philadelphia. 
 John Vallercharap, Harrisburg. 
 Edward S. Wyckoff, Philadelphia. 
 Oilman T. Wheeler, Ridgeway. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 John E. Bell, Cincinnati. 
 Ceorge H. Burt, Cleveland. 
 Charles E. Bliven, Toledo. 
 William M. Cunningham', Newark. 
 Charles A. Collins, Akron. 
 James Gordon, Cincinnati. 
 George Hoadley, Cincinnati. 
 Alexander B. Huston, Cincinnati. 
 Gabriel B. Harman, Dayton. 
 Charles Christian Kiefer, Urbana. 
 Max J. Mack, Cincinnati. 
 J. Burton Parsons, Cleveland. 
 Apollos M. Ross, Cincinnati. 
 Benjamin F. Rees, Columbus. 
 Stith M. Sullivan, Dayton. 
 Sheldon Sickels, Cleveland. 
 James Sutton Totten, Lebanon. 
 Henry C. Urner, Cincinnati. 
 Charles A. Woodward, Cleveland. 
 William P. Wiltsee, Cincinnati. 
 
 INDIANA, 
 
 Xathaniel F. Bonsall, New Albany. 
 
 Algernon S. Chase, Richmond. 
 
 Gilbert W. Davis, Indianapolis. 
 
 Sidney W. Douglas, Evansville. 
 
 George H. Fish, Evansville, P. O. 
 Address N. Y. City. 
 
 Phineas G. C. Hunt, IndianapoHs. 
 
 James Washington Hess, Indianap- 
 olis. 
 
 Cortes B. Holliday, Indianapolis. 
 
 Nicholas R. Ruckle, Indianapolis. 
 Martin H. Rice, Indianapolis. 
 James G. Shields, New Albany. 
 Joseph W. Smith, Indianapolis. 
 Jacob W. Smith, Indianapolis. 
 Henry G. Thayer, Plymouth. 
 Walter Vail, Michigan City. 
 Charles E. Wright, Indianapolis. 
 
 Jonathan Adams Allen, Chicago. 
 Charles H. Brower, Chicago. 
 Jacob W. Brewer, Monmouth. 
 Gilbert W. Barnard, Chicago. 
 James B. Bradwell, Chicago. 
 DeWitt C. Creiger, Chicago. 
 Haswell C. Clarke, Kankakee. 
 James E. Church, Chicago. 
 Wiley M. Egan, Chicago. 
 James H. Field, Chicago. 
 William H. Gale, Chicago. 
 Theodore T. Gurney, Chicago. 
 Henry H. Getty, Chicago. 
 James A. Hawley, Dixon. 
 Horatio N. Hurlbut, Chicago. 
 James C. Luckey, Polo. 
 Eugene B. Myers, Chicago. 
 Alden C. Millard, Chicago. 
 Loyal L. Munn, Freeport. 
 James H. McVicker, Chicago. 
 John McLaren, Chicago. 
 John O'Neill, Chicago. 
 Benjamin F. Patrick, Chicago. 
 Warren Purdy, Chicago. 
 Henry H. Pond, Chicago. 
 James H. Paddock, Chicago. 
 Amos Pettibone, Chicago. 
 Henry C. Ranney, Chicago. 
 William D. Rowell, Freeport. 
 Alfred Russell, Chicago. 
 Enoch B. Stephens, Chicago. 
 John C. Smith, Chicago. 
 Jacob W. Skinkle, Chicago. 
 William H. Turner, Chicago. 
 Edgar P. Tobey, Chicago, 
 Frederick A, Wheeler, Chicago. 
 
sy 
 
 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 John iSIotte Arnold, Detroit. 
 Charles H. Brown, Grand Rapids. 
 Richard A. Bury, Adrian. 
 William Corbin, Adrian. 
 James Fenton, Detroit. 
 Perrin V. Fox, Grand Rapids. 
 Charles T. Hills, ^luskegon. 
 Benjamin F. Haxton, Detroit. 
 William P. Innes, Grand Rapids. 
 John D. Jennings, Grand Rapids. 
 James Eastman Johnson, Centreville. 
 Andrew J. Kellogg, Detroit. 
 Hugh McCurdy. Corunna. 
 Charles H. Putnam, Hudson. 
 Ozias W. Shipman, Detroit. 
 Augustus B. Taber, Detroit. 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 Jared W. Crippen, Milwaukee. 
 Jedd P. C. Cottrill, jNIiKvaukee. 
 Samuel F. Greeley, Milwaukee. 
 William T. Galoway, Eau Claire. 
 William T. Palmer, Milwaukee. 
 John W. Woodhull, Milwaukee. 
 JNIelvin L. Youngs, Milwaukee. 
 
 NON-RESIDENT HONORARY :MEJIBERS. 
 
 Charles Eugene Hill, 
 
 Shanghai, China- 
 Herman G. Reynolds, 
 
 Blue Rapids, Kan. 
 William Eilmer San Francisco. 
 
THE GRAND LODGE OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 OFFICIALLY DECLARES CERNEAUISM CLANDESTINE. 
 
 NO MASON CONNECTED "WITH ANY CERNEAU 
 
 BODY ALLOWED TO VISIT ANY MASONIC 
 
 LODGE IN THE STATE. 
 
 CERNEAUS PROHIBITED FROM MEETING IN ANY ROOMS USED 
 BY MASONIC LODGES. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania having in 1804 granted a 
 Charter to a Symbolic Lodge at the City of Havana, Cuba, called 
 " Le Temple des Vertus Theologales," in which Joseph Cerneau 
 was named as Master, the Lodge in 1807 made returns to the Grand 
 Lodge of Pennsylvania, in which it was stated that the Lodge had 
 been denounced to the Government, and Cerneau ordered to quit 
 the Island, and that he had gone to New York, arriving there in 
 November, 1806. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania acted with a full knowledge 
 of all the facts when it later went on record against Cerneau. 
 Other States have taken action against clandestine and spurious 
 bodies ; for, whenever a member of any such induces a Brother to 
 unite with him, he " wrongs, cheats, and defrauds " him, and you 
 well know what that means. 
 
 (I desire to acknowledge my grateful appreciation to Brother 
 George P. Rupp^ Librarian of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, 
 for his painstaking transcripts of the records of the Grand Lodge 
 of Pennsylvania which follow.) 
 
 (copy) 
 
 OFFICE OF THE R. W. THE GRAND MASTER 
 
 OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. 
 
 To Lodge No 
 
 Accompanying this is the report of the Committee of Past Grand Masters 
 on the constituting of bodies in this Jurisdiction known as the " Cerneau 
 Rite," with the resolutions thereon adopted by the Grand Lodge, at its 
 quarterly communication, held June 6, 1888 — 5888. 
 
 (7) 
 
90 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Having lawful Masonic information that the organization known as the 
 " Cerneau Rite " not only claims, but has exercised, the power or authority 
 or right to confer the three degrees of Ancient Freemasonry, and recognizes 
 as Masonic and is in correspondence with bodies that this Grand Lodge has 
 declared clandestine. 
 
 Now, THEREFORE, WE, JoSEPH ElCHEAUM, ESQUIRE, Right Worshipful 
 
 Grand Master of Masons in and for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 
 and Masonic Jurisdiction thereunto belonging, by virtue of the powers and 
 authorities in us vested, and in performance of the duties of our office, do 
 hereby declare it is not consistent with the duty of any brother under the 
 jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania to seek or retain member- 
 ship in that organization, and that any brother who has or may have association 
 therewith will be liable to the penalties prescribed by the action of the Grand 
 Lodge, adopted March 5, 1866. 
 
 And we do also prohibit any of our Lodges granting the use of their 
 place of meeting for the practice of the " Cerneau Rite," or from occupy- 
 ing as a place of meeting any room or rooms occupied by any body 
 known as the "Cerneau Rite " of Scottish Masonry. 
 
 You are directed to have this letter read in open Lodge, and copied in full 
 in the minutes. 
 
 Given under our hand and seal, at the City of Philadelphia, in the 
 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the first day of August, A. D. 
 A. L. 5888. 
 
 (Signed) JOSEPH EICHBAUM, 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE R. W. THE GRAND MASTER 
 OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. 
 
 Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, October 30, 1888. 
 
 District Deputy Grand Master. 
 Dear Sir and Brother: 
 
 You are hereby directed to ascertain at as early a date as possible, from 
 the Worshipful Masters of the Lodges in your district, whether any of their 
 members are connected with any body of the so-called Cerneau Rite of 
 Scottish Masonry, and whether their place of meeting is permitted by the 
 Lodge to be used by the said " Cerneau Rite " for holding meetings therein. 
 
 Also to ascertain if there be any of their members connected with said 
 " Cerneau Rite," whether any steps have been taken to bring them to trial 
 as is required to be done in such cases by the action of Grand Lodge of 
 March 5th, 1866, and if not, why not. 
 
 And if any Lodge is permitting its place of meeting to be used by the 
 said " Cerneau Rite," whether any measures have been taken to terminate 
 such occupancy; if so what measures have been taken, and if none have been 
 taken, why not. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 91 
 
 You are expected to obtain direct and uneqi'-ivocal answers to your 
 enquiries, and if no attempt lias been made to enforce the law, you will 
 take up the warrant of the Lodge and send it to me. 
 
 Yours fraternally, 
 (Signed) JOSEPH EICHBAUM, 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE R. W. THE GRAND MASTER 
 OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. 
 
 To THE W. M. OF Lodge, No 
 
 WHEREAS, All bodies in the Masonic Jurisdiction of tlie Riglit 
 Worshipful Qrand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania 
 and Masonic Jurisdiction thereunto belonging, appertaining to, or 
 constituting, or derived from, the so=called "Cerneau Rite" have been 
 authoritatively ascertained and officially declared clandestine : 
 
 And Whereas, We have reason to believe that some Master Masons in 
 our Jurisdiction have connected themselves with said bodies of the so-called 
 '■ Cerneau Rite " in forgetfulness of their Masonic obligations, and require 
 only to be distinctly and authoritatively informed of the clandestine char- 
 acter of these bodies and fraternally admonished to sunder their connection 
 with them; 
 
 Now, Therefore, we, Clifford P. MacCalla, Esquire, Right Worshipful 
 Grand Master of Masons in and for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and 
 Masonic Jurisdiction thereunto belonging, by virtue of the powers in us 
 vested and in the performance of the duties of our office, do hereby fra= 
 ternally admonish every Brother, Free and Accepted Mason, in this 
 Jurisdiction, who is now connected with any body appertaining to, or consti- 
 tuting, or derived from, the said so-called " Cerneau Rite " to sever his 
 connection therewith within ninety days from the twenty-sixth day of 
 January, A. D. 1889, A. L. 5889. 
 
 An<i we do hereby notify all Brethren, Free and Accepted Masons, in 
 our Jurisdiction, who may be found to be and remain members of any of 
 the said clandestine bodies after the said mentioned date, that they will 
 thereupon forthwith be liable to Masonic trial and punishment, in con° 
 formity with the Masonic law in such case made and provided. 
 
 And in order that all Brethren who are now members of any body 
 appertaining to, constituting, or derived from, the said so-called " Cerneau 
 Rite " may have full opportunity to prove their loyalty to this Grand Lodge 
 of Free and Accepted Masons, we do hereby direct all proceedings and trials 
 which may have already commenced against any alleged members of the said 
 " Cerneau Rite " to be stayed, until immediately after the date above men- 
 tioned, when if such Brethren have not informed their Masonic Lodge of 
 which they are members that they have severed their connection with said 
 clandestine Rite, such proceedings and trials shall be resumed and concluded 
 according to Masonic law. 
 
92 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 You will have this edict audibly read in open Lodge at the first stated 
 meeting after it is received, copied in full on the Minutes, and cause a copy 
 hereof to be sent to each of its members. 
 
 Given under our hand and seal, at the City of Philadelphia, in the Com- 
 monwealth of Pennsylvania, the twenty-first day of January, A. D. 
 A. L. 5889. 
 
 (Signed) CLIFFORD P. MacCALLA, 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE R. W. THE GRAND MASTER 
 OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. 
 
 To THE W. M. Lodge, No 
 
 Whereas, On the twenty-first day of January, A. D. 1889, A. L. 5889, 
 we issued the following edict, a copy of which was sent to your Lodge : 
 
 (Here follows a copy of the edict as above.) 
 
 And Whereas, The ninety days mentioned in said edict expired on 
 the twenty-sixth day of April last : 
 
 Therefore, You are hereby directed to transmit to the R. W. Grand 
 Secretary, under the seal of your Lodge, the names of the members of your 
 Lodge (if any there be) who have not conformed to the requirements of 
 said edict; also those who have conformed. Any member desiring to con= 
 form may communicate to you that he renounces allegiance to the said 
 so-called Cerneau Rite. You can thereupon certify these facts to the Grand 
 Secretary. 
 
 You are hereby further instructed not to admit as a visitor to your 
 Lodge any person claiming to be a Free and Accepted Mason who is a 
 member of any body of the said clandestine Cerneau Rite, either in this 
 or any other Masonic Jurisdiction, and you are directed to include in the 
 recognized and imperative test which you administer to persons exam° 
 ined as visitors to your Lodge, the statement by such visitor that he is 
 not a member of a body acknowledging allegiance to the said Cerneau 
 Rite— which the R. W. Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania has officially 
 declared clandestine, and whose members are therefore refused 
 admission into any Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. 
 
 You will have this edict audibly read in open Lodge at the first stated 
 meeting after it is received, and copied in full on the Minutes. 
 
 Given under our hand and seal, at the City of Philadelphia, in the Com- 
 monwealth of Pennsylvania, the eleventh day of May, A. D. 1889, 
 A. L. 5889. 
 
 (Signed) CLIFFORD P. MacCALLA, 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
THE GRAND LODGE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 DECLARES THAT IT HAS THE POWER AND AUTHORITY TO 
 
 PROHIBIT THE MASONS OF ITS OBEDIENCE FROM PRACTISING 
 
 AS MASONIC ANY OTHER RITES THAN THOSE WHICH IT 
 
 DECLARES TO BE MASONIC; AND FROM USING ANY 
 
 OF ITS ESOTERIC CEREMONIES AS MASONIC 
 
 CEREMONIES IN ANY OTHER BODY THAN 
 
 THOSE IT SHALL HOLD TO BE MASONIC. 
 
 (From the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, at the 
 Ninety-sixth Annual Communication, held at Freemasons' Hall, in the City 
 of Concord, Wednesday, May 20, 1885.) 
 
 Brother Joseph W. Fellows presented the following report of 
 the Committee on Jurisprudence, which was accepted, and the resolu- 
 tions were unanimously adopted : 
 
 To the M-'- W--- Grand Lodge, F-'- and A-: Masons, of New Hampshire: 
 
 The Committee on Jurisprudence, to which was referred the proposed 
 amendment to the Grand Constitution, have considered the subject and now 
 submit their report. 
 
 The important inquiry relates to the authority of the Grand Lodge to 
 govern the craft, having particular reference to their connection with other 
 Rites claiming to be masonic. Questions of expediency may hereafter arise, 
 and the Grand Lodge be called upon to determine how far it will invoke its 
 prerogatives or exercise its powers in the management of the affairs of the 
 fraternity, but at present no such questions seem to be involved. 
 
 What is the law in the premises? An examination into the history of 
 Grand Lodges, and an investigation of the purposes for which they were 
 established, will aid materially in arriving at a correct conclusion. 
 
 Occasionally we find those who have fallen into the error of supposing 
 that Grand Lodges were created by, and derive their powers from. Grand 
 Constitutions. This is a mistake, and leads to conclusions entirely incorrect. 
 Although, in modern times, every Grand Lodge has its " Constitution," or 
 " Grand Regulations," in which their powers are classified and defined, the 
 Grand Lodges have the right to abolish all such regulations at pleasure. They 
 
94 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 are self-imposed limitations — declarations of its will — and in no sense superior 
 to the Grand Lodge. The term " constitution " is a misnomer as applied to a 
 Grand Lodge, and the idea commonly conveyed, that it is the fundamental 
 law of the craft, is erroneous. The body of the law lies deeper and broader, 
 and it comprehends the sublime purposes of masonry in its highest duties 
 and most important relations to man. It has been said that our brethren 
 who organized the first Grand Lodge had in view only the simple problem 
 to establish such an institution as would best apply the fraternal idea — the 
 principle of brotherhood — to the great work of elevating mankind, the same 
 as they applied the principles of their practical art among the operative 
 craftsmen to the building of cathedrals. This has been suggested as a criterion 
 by which to outline the province of the speculative art within which Grand 
 Lodges should be content to remain. \Ye do not agree to such doctrine. It 
 is illogical and unworthy. 
 
 No Grand Lodge will submit to have its purposes dwarfed and its 
 usefulness limited by thus surrendering its prerogatives. 
 
 To cut and fashion from the great quarry of truth blocks fit for the 
 spiritual temple — to produce the perfect ashlar for the Great Builder's handi- 
 work — was the glorious undertaking upon which they entered, and having 
 some glimpses of the bright future of the fraternity, and realizing the necessity 
 of well defined laws and a government of unquestioned authority, the Masons 
 of that day addressed themselves to the important duty of defining the 
 Landmarks and creating a Grand Lodge. " They builded better than they 
 knew." 
 
 The Grand Lodge of England, formed in 1717, was deemed at that time 
 to have all powers which the Subordinate Lodges ceded in its formation — 
 all that were requisite for the convenience and efficiency of government and 
 all that were needed for the protection of the craft against impostors and 
 unfaithful members. 
 
 The only powers not possessed by it were such as the Lodges had by 
 reason of the Landmarks, and of such a character as could not be ceded, 
 and the aim seemed to be to place the entire government in the hands of 
 the Grand Lodge, with the Grand JNIaster as its executive officer, with certain 
 extraordinary prerogatives. It must be remembered that with the age of 
 speculative masonry began the invention or expansion of degrees. The Royal 
 Arch, the Mark, and other degrees were practised soon after the " revival," 
 and the " Ineffable " degrees appeared on the continent about the same time. 
 It is probable that the Royal Arch was the first ceremony incorporated with 
 the craft degrees. The time cannot be fixed, but it must have been about 
 1740. In Scotland and Ireland it soon appeared, and in America certainly 
 prior to 1767. All of the higher degrees, which were then practised where 
 the York rite prevailed, began under and by the permission of the Grand 
 Lodge. There was no other view entertained. An interesting little volume 
 lately discovered at York, England, is entitled " ^Minute Book belonging to 
 the Most Sublime Degree or Order of Royal Arch appertaining to the 
 Grand Lodge of Old England held at the city of Y'ork, 1762." The history of 
 this period of the craft shows conclusively that the higher degrees grew 
 like branches and twigs of a tree from the body of symbolic masonry. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 95 
 
 Hughan's recent valuable work, entitled " Origin of the English Rite of 
 Masonry," is a complete history of this subject. 
 
 There was another reason why the higher degrees sprung from 
 symbolic masonry. As is well known there were several Qrand Lodges 
 in England during the last half of the eighteenth century, each claiming 
 to be the head of the fraternity, and in the contentions between the 
 "Ancients" and "Moderns" and other organizations, in the style and 
 performing the functions of Qrand Lodges, it was claimed by all that 
 they possessed severally superior powers and greater advancement in 
 the higher degrees, and there was rivalry in this respect. The effect 
 was to enhance the importance in a general sense of such degrees and 
 stimulate the practice of embellishment and expansion, and there can be 
 no doubt about their origin and promotion. They grew in importance 
 and multiplied in numbers until they had spread throughout the coun- 
 tries where the symbolic degrees had been established, but no contro- 
 versy arose as to the powers of a Qrand Lodge at that time. 
 
 The masonic world was disturbed by contentions of ambitious men, and 
 " confusion reigned," but not as to the position of the symbolic degrees. In 
 the course of time the York Rite was carried into nearly every country where 
 the English language was spoken, and grand bodies, similar in the essential 
 characteristics to the ^lother Grand Lodge, were established, and the masonic 
 governments founded upon the ancient law of the craft, generally confined 
 to the political divisions of the country in their jurisdiction, and containing 
 much of their civil codes in the matter of practice, grew in importance as 
 the relations of the fraternity became more extended. 
 
 The territorial jurisdiction of a Grand Lodge in the course of time 
 became similar to a stale or nationality, and the controlling body, like the 
 civil governments of different countries, was the Grand Lodge, and its 
 masonic polity was more or less impressed with the political institutions, 
 the laws and systems by which it was surrounded. Thus the principles of 
 the common law, founded in equity and justice, deemed the safest rules of 
 action known so far as applicable, became a part of the masonic code in this 
 country and incorporated with- the system of jurisprudence generally prac- 
 ticed by the fraternity ; and a Grand Lodge, by universal consent, came to 
 stand in the relation of a government to its people in a masonic state or 
 nation. Its control, its work, its means, and its objects are masonic. All 
 these are for the elevation of mankind, and it is not only its right but 
 imperative duty to make use of its own powers and institutions as well as 
 those of other governments and people to carry into effect the high purposes 
 which called it into existence. 
 
 Masonry stands upon the maxim that where there is need of a law, 
 the law exists. It is moulded and developed by the pressure of events. It 
 holds its important place in the world because there is a great work for it 
 to do. It will be so while charity and mercy are needed by suffering 
 humanity. 
 
96 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 The Grand Lodge was created as the sole governing body and power 
 of the craft in all things masonic. It was deemed to have absolute con- 
 trol over the fraternity. The Landmarks were a guaranty that it would 
 not trample upon their rights. They were to be observed as the Magna 
 Charta, but all other powers and prerogatives were ceded to and vested in the 
 Grand Lodge. No limit was set upon its authority. No line of separation 
 was drawn between Craft Masons as such and as adherents to the higher 
 degrees, then rapidly increasing, but by universal consent, in obedience to 
 the imperative demand, full power and authority was lodged in the govern- 
 ing grand body. 
 
 Such questions as we are considering were not heard of in the early 
 days of speculative masonry, but other matters called out expressions from 
 the Grand Lodges which indicated clearly what was then regarded as law 
 touching their powers and prerogatives. 
 
 In 1723, the Grand Lodge of England declared, " that it is not in the 
 power of any man or body of men to make any alteration or innovation in 
 the body of masonry without the consent first obtained of the Grand Lodge, 
 which is the supreme power in masonry." 
 
 There has been discussion about what was lawful, and it was said that 
 the first three degrees only were pure masonry, but, if the Grand Lodge 
 recognized the higher degrees, or its consent obtained, they were legitimate. 
 It also declared " that all alterations must be for the good of masonry," and 
 again that nothing could be " allowed to be added to masonry which was 
 calculated to produce disorder and interfere with the harmony of the 
 brethren." 
 
 " Extra degrees " were regarded as foreign to the good of the craft, 
 and it was resolved that they must be practised, if at all, " without breaking 
 in upon the antient rules of the fraternity or infringing upon the old 
 Landmarks." 
 
 In 1755, a Lodge was struck from the rolls for disobedience in fra= 
 ternizing with those whom the Qrand Lodge deemed irregular. During 
 the last half of the eighteenth century, and down to 1813, there were 
 two or more Grand Lodges in England nearly all the time. Much conten- 
 tion and strife existed, but no question as to the powers and authority over 
 all the craft was raised. The subject of dispute always was concerning which 
 was the true and lawful grand body. By the act of union, which took place 
 in that year, between the two Grand Lodges, it was pronounced and declared 
 that " pure and antient masonry consists of three degrees, to wit : Entered 
 Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason, including the Supreme Order of 
 the Holy Royal Arch," and it was then enacted as a grand regulation " that 
 the public interests of the fraternity are managed by a general representation 
 of all private Lodges on record, together with the Grand Stewards of the year 
 and the present and past grand ofiicers, and the Grand Master at their 
 head." The body is styled the " United Grand Lodge of Antient Free and 
 Accepted Masons of England." The " Holy Royal Arch " which was kept 
 under their control by direct enactment, as every one knows, was the degree 
 from which the Capitular grade took origin, and was classed with the 
 " higher degrees." 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 97 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Scotland enacted very stringent regulations upon 
 the subject of controlling its members and subordinates. It forbade them to 
 unite in processions with or to admit those belonging to other orders, except 
 the first three degrees and Mark Master within their meetings. 
 
 The " Mark degree," as formerly named, it is well known, grew out of 
 the system or practice of " Marks," and was originally an offshoot from the 
 Fellow Craft. Early in the seventeenth century we find the " Marks " numer- 
 ous, and in some Lodges they were considered as " heritable " by the sons of 
 craftsmen, but, as the speculative absorbed the operative art, this practice fell 
 into disuse. The Mark Master, or Mark degree, assumed form and cere- 
 mony, and for many years it was, through the elasticity of the Scotch consti- 
 tution, engrafted upon the Fellow Craft, and worked and controlled under the 
 Grand Lodge charters. The first record of the Mark degree in Scotland is in 
 1778, and it was always regarded as under the authority of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 In 1818, that grand body passed the following resolution : " That from 
 and after December 27, 1818, no person holding an official situation in any 
 masonic body which sanctions higher degrees than those of St. John's Masonry 
 shall be entitled to sit, act, or vote in the Grand Lodge of Scotland." 
 
 In 1820, an effort was made to rescind the regulation, and it was defeated 
 overwhelmingly, and although this prohibition is not so rigidly enforced now 
 as formerly, and its application is by no means stringent, still it remains the 
 law of the Grand Lodge of that country, thus keeping the power and control 
 within its hands and thus asserting its authority as the supreme masonic power 
 within the jurisdiction. The same substantially is in the Grand Regulations 
 of 1881. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Ireland, formed in 1728-g, has for many years pro- 
 hibited " as unlawful, all assemblies of Freemasons in Ireland under any title 
 whatever purporting to be masonic and not held by virtue of a warrant or 
 constitution from the Grand Lodge or from one of the other masonic grand 
 bodies recognized by and acting in masonic union with "it." Constitution, 
 1875, p. II. 
 
 Any infraction of this law renders a brother liable to suspension or such 
 other penalty as the Grand Lodge may think fit. 
 
 The degrees recognized by the Grand Lodge of Ireland are those 
 under the Grand Chapter, those under the Great Priory of Ireland (Tem^ 
 plar), those under the Supreme Council {33'). 
 
 Thus it will be seen that in Ireland no degrees are tolerated or permitted 
 save those recognized by the Grand Lodge. In Scotland, the first three and 
 the " Mark " only are recognized, while in England the first three and the 
 Royal Arch, and other degrees are tolerated merely, but in these grand juris- 
 dictions the power to control — the authority in the premises — is asserted 
 beyond question and fully recognized. The Grand Lodges pursue a mild 
 and expedient policy, but they all exercise control and assert their 
 authority over the craft. 
 
 The American Grand Lodges are constituted on the same principles and 
 for the same purposes. Masonry came from England to this country, and 
 brought its laws, usages and organizations. As a masonic people we received 
 
98 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 our masonry from that source and it has become a part of oiir national growth. 
 It has adapted itself to our wants and its genius has impressed itself upon 
 our institutions. 
 
 Grand Lodges have been erected in nearly every State after the manner 
 of the Mother Grand Lodge. They have a sacred charge — a bounden duty to 
 perform — and their power is commensurate with the trust, and he who seeks 
 to cripple it strikes a blow at the safety of the fraternity. 
 
 The various authorities have spoken in unmistakable terms upon this 
 subject. 
 
 Mackey's Encyclopaedia of Masonry contains the following : "A Qrand 
 Lodge is invested with power and autliority over all the craft within its 
 jurisdiction. It is the supreme court of appeals in all masonic cases, and 
 to its decrees implicit obedience must be paid by every Lodge and Mason 
 situate within its control. The government of Grand Lodges is therefore 
 completely despotic. 
 
 " While a Grand Lodge exists its edicts must be respected and obeyed 
 without examination by its Subordinate Lodges. 
 
 " This autocratic power of a Grand Lodge is based upon a principle of 
 expediency, and derived from the fundamental law established at the organiza- 
 tion of Grand Lodges in the beginning of the last century. In so large a 
 body as the craft it is absolutely necessary that there should be a supreme 
 controlling body to protect the institution from anarchy, and none could be 
 more conveniently selected than one which by its representative character, 
 is, or ought to be, composed of the united wisdom, prudence and experience 
 of all the Subordinate Lodges under its obedience, so that the voice of the 
 Grand Lodge is nothing else than the voice of the craft expressed by its 
 representatives. Hence the twelfth of the General Regulations declares that 
 the Grand Lodge consists of and is formed by the Masters and Wardens of 
 all the regular particular Lodges upon record. 
 
 " So careful has the institution been to preserve the dogmatic and autocratic 
 power of the Grand Lodge that all elected Masters are required at the time 
 of their installation to make the following declaration : ' You agree to submit 
 to the awards and resolutions of your brethren in Grand Lodge convened in 
 every case consistent with the constitution of the Order * * * ^^^ 
 strictly to conform to every edict of the Grand Lodge,' etc.'' 
 
 Macoy says : " The principle is now well settled, that the Grand Lodge 
 of a Province or State has exclusive jurisdiction within such territories, and 
 that no other Grand Lodge can legally charter Lodges therein. The Qrand 
 Lodge is supreme over all affairs masonic. There is no masonic authority 
 or power above it. It is subject only to the unchangeable laws of the Order, 
 the acknowledged Constitution, and Ancient Landmarks.'' 
 
 Dr. Oliver, in his Dictionary of Symbolic Masonry, says : "The Qrand 
 Lodge is the governing body over the craft in all their relations to the 
 fraternity. It has the inherent power of investigating, regulating, and decid- 
 ing all matters relative to the craft, or to particular Lodges, or to individual 
 brothers, which it may exercise either by itself or by such delegated authority 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 99 
 
 as, in wisdom and discretion, it may appoint. It alone lias the power of 
 erasing Lodges, expelling brethren from the craft; a power which ought not 
 to rest in any subordinate authority." 
 
 Simons's Masonic Jurisprudence says, in alluding to the formation of 
 the Grand Lodge of England, " Thus was established a central authority, or 
 government, for the fraternity, to which was committed the superintendence of 
 the craft and entrusted the responsibility of making laws for its observance 
 and the maintenance of the Ancient Landmarks. After various modifications, 
 many new Lodges being formed and the present representative system 
 established, tlie Grand Lodge became wliat it now is, tlie supreme tribu- 
 nal and legislature of the craft within its jurisdiction." Again : " A Grand 
 Lodge is a body of Masons in whom is inalienably vested the government and 
 superintendence of the fraternity within its territorial jurisdiction. It is 
 necessarily supreme in the exercise of all powers not specially reserved to 
 the Lodges ; and there is no appeal from its decisions. In the exercise of 
 its legislative powers it may enact constitutions and regulations for the gov- 
 ernment of itself or its subordinates and the fraternity ; and may alter, amend, 
 or repeal its provisions ; may levy taxes and require payment of their revenues 
 from its subordinates ; may constitute or erase Lodges and enact all laws 
 necessary for the government, protection, and prosperity of the craft, 
 and in all things pertaining to them it possesses the sole and supreme 
 authority, subject only to the Ancient Landmarks." 
 
 Chase, in his Digest of Masonic Laws, says : "A Grand Lodge is the 
 supreme masonic authority within its jurisdiction. Its powers are 
 threefold : legislative, judicial, and executive. In its legislative capacity 
 it has the power of enacting laws and regulations for the government of the 
 craft, and altering, repealing, or abrogating them,'' etc., and by numerous 
 citations sustains the full and unlimited authority of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Mackey (before cited) claims that the germ of this principle of supreme 
 authority took form as far back as the assembly said to have taken place 
 A. D. 926, finding in the old York Constitution the declaration that " the 
 General Assembly shall consist of Masters and Fellows, Lords, Knights, and 
 Squires, Mayor or Sherifif, to make new laws and confirm old ones," and 
 tracing the history of Grand Lodges and their powers down to the date of 
 his estimable work, he defined them in the same broad and unmistakable 
 manner as other authors : " It is the one supreme power in the govern- 
 ment of the craft in all things masonic within its jurisdiction." 
 
 Look, in his Treatise upon the Laws and Practice of Masonic Trials, 
 says, " The authority of the Grand Lodge is unquestioned in all things 
 pertaining to the government of the craft. 
 
 " It has power to make laws and interpret them for itself and its sub- 
 ordinates, from which there is no appeal. It can make or annihilate Lodges. 
 
100 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 It can expel or restore brethren. By its prerogative of discipline it can impose 
 the strictest penalties, and by its prerogative of mercy can bring back to 
 masonic society those whom it has seen fit to punish. By its imperative 
 duty to protect and preserve pure tlie institution of masonry, it lias tiie 
 prerogative to reach its votaries wlierever found, and holding before 
 them the law of the craft, exact obedience in the most faithful manner. 
 Within its jurisdiction it is the supreme masonic authority. Its powers are 
 plenary and absolute except as they are limited by the ancient and immutable 
 landmarks of freemasonry. It holds a general supervisory control of the 
 craft, and faithful allegiance and implicit obedience are due to it from all 
 Subordinate Lodges and individual Masons within its jurisdiction." 
 
 Lockwood in his Masonic Law and Practice uses almost the same language 
 in describing the power of the Grand Lodge, deriving the first declaration of 
 the principle from the so-called Gothic Constitution, and showing its growth 
 and application to be commensurate with the increase of the fraternity 
 and the wants of each successive period of their history. 
 
 Patton, in his work on Freemasonry and its Jurisprudence, speaking of 
 the organization of the Grand Lodge in 1717, says : " The Grand Lodge was 
 established by the fraternity for the purposes of convenience in government. 
 Its powers were both inherent and yielded by the Subordinate Lodges. Pre- 
 rogatives which had always been vested in the craft were by the thirty-nine 
 regulations then adopted surrendered to the Grand Lodge so that the relative 
 position of the Grand Lodge and its subordinates became different. The 
 original powers were not modified, but others were ceded, and the pre= 
 rogative of the Grand Lodge was co=extensive with the requirements of 
 the fraternity." 
 
 Steinbrenner says : " All the Grand Lodges had been constituted upon the 
 idea that they were the heads and managers of the craft, and that while the 
 York Grand Lodge and the Grand Lodge of All England and the Grand 
 Lodge of England were asserting control over the craft, it brought about an 
 unfortunate state of affairs to the detriment of the fraternity, but when the 
 union took place it gave them a supreme power to which all could look 
 for a wise and successful government." 
 
 We find all through the books upon the history of masonry that charters 
 were issued by Grand Lodges authorizing the conferring of the higher degrees 
 in various ways and under restrictions and limitations. Sometimes it is the 
 Mark degree, sometimes the Orders of Knighthood, or perhaps the Royal 
 Arch. Again we find the Grand Lodge authorizing the particular Lodge 
 to confer degrees which are now classed as of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Scottish Rite, and again warrants to confer the Red Cross, and the Priestly 
 Order. These warrants were issued more in England than elsewhere, but 
 several have been discovered in Scotland and Ireland. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 101 
 
 In Hughan's Masonic Sketches and Reprints, the best of evidence is to 
 be found upon the subject we are considering, although of a collateral applica- 
 tion, but it is conclusive to the point that Grand Lodges exercised the right 
 to govern and control the higher degrees, and no question was made of their 
 authority in the premises. 
 
 In this country it is well known that Lodges conferred the higher degrees 
 to some extent, and the practice ceased only when the arrangement of the 
 different grades began to receive attention. 
 
 It will thus be seen that the power and authority of the Grand Lodge in 
 all countries where the York Rite prevails from its origin, have been regarded 
 in the same manner. 
 
 Tile Grand Lodge of Massachusetts has thoroughly and ably investigated 
 the whole subject, and under circumstances which give emphasis to their 
 conclusions. 
 
 That grand body holds that it is the supreme power and authority in 
 masonry , and has the right to declare what masonry is. That while it may 
 not prevent Masons from practising profane rites or from belonging to other 
 organizations, unless such are in violation of the moral law and hence 
 unmasonic in the sense of immoral, it has undoubted authority to prevent 
 Masons of its obedience from practising as masonic any other rites than 
 those which it declares to be masonic, and from using its esoteric ceremonies 
 in any other body except such as it holds to be masonic. The question before 
 the Massachusetts Grand Lodge was of the same general character as thai 
 which we are considering, and referred directly to the control of the members 
 of its obedience in their connection with certain organizations claiming to 
 be masonic, but which were held by the Qrand Lodge to be spurious. 
 
 We hold that the power of the Grand Lodge is full and complete in all 
 things masonic. Those who differ from this proposition do not deny its 
 authority so far as appertains to the first three degrees, but they claim it 
 extends no farther, or, in other words, that the Grand Lodge cannot inquire 
 into what is done beyond the Blue Lodge. 
 
 This is a doctrine which answers itself. Can it be claimed that the cere- 
 monies of symbolic masonry can be used anywhere except by the authority 
 of the Grand Lodge? Would any Mason for an instant say that he could 
 exhibit the signs of craft masonry in a Lodge of Odd Fellows or other con- 
 fraternity, and if he should do so he would not be answerable to the Grand 
 Lodge? And what is the difference, so far as violation of the regulations is 
 concerned, between exhibiting them in an Odd Fellows' Lodge and some 
 degree of a so-called Scottish Rite not sanctioned by the Grand Lodge? Can 
 any body of men owing allegiance to the Grand Lodge practise any part of 
 the ceremonies of the Blue Lodge degrees anywhere or under any circum- 
 stances except by the permission of the Grand Lodge? 
 
 Is it not perfectly clear that everything symbolic is within the control of 
 this grand body? Are there any within the lines of the fraternity who con- 
 strue their obligations in a way to permit them to exhibit the Master Mason's 
 
102 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 sign, for instance, anywhere or under any circumstances, except those occa- 
 sions well understood by the craft? If so, the sooner such are separated from 
 us the better for the institution. 
 
 No system or rite is masonic unless founded upon the symbolic 
 degrees. All claim to be built upon the Blue Lodge as a basis, and such has 
 always been the understanding. In all the hundreds of degrees, and arrange- 
 ments into what are termed rites, the symbolic degrees have been the 
 corner stone. 
 
 As we have said, it is conceded on all hands that the Grand Lodge has 
 inherent power and authority over the practice of its own degrees pure and 
 simple. 
 
 We have also seen how Grand Lodges have asserted their control over 
 other matters by their recognition and toleration ; also by denying the mem- 
 bers of their obedience the right to fraternize with irregular bodies, and the 
 principle is the same whether it is applied in toleration or denial of such 
 bodies. We have seen how from its origin the assertion of this power by 
 Grand Lodges has been steadily adhered to. We have seen how the books 
 W'hich contain the law of the craft maintain an unbroken line of authority 
 sustaining the proposition. We have seen how the origin and constitution 
 of Grand Lodges made such the law because it was a necessity to the craft 
 in the general plan and purpose for which they were erected. 
 
 Now no rite is masonic except it be founded upon symbolic masonry, 
 and if no rite which is masonic can be worked without in some way and to 
 some extent by the use of symbolic ceremonies, and if the Grand Lodge has 
 control over such ceremonies, then it follows that no rite masonic can be 
 practised without the sanction, either express or implied, of the Grand Lodge. 
 And yre hold it to be sound la-w that the authority of the Grand Lodge is 
 complete over the members of its obedience in the use, practise, or 
 teaching of any rite or degree containing any part, sign, -word, or sym= 
 bol of any kind as a masonic ceremony belonging to craft masonry. 
 
 The Grand Lodge has certain duties to perform. They are part of its 
 work. They are embraced in the purposes for which it was erected. 
 
 These duties are enhanced by their importance to the craft and to the 
 world. They cannot be better stated than in the report of the committee which 
 investigated this subject in Alassachusetts. They are, " To protect the bod= 
 ies of the rite recognized as regular and duly constituted, from injury or 
 invasion fomented in or proceeding from this jurisdiction, and for this 
 purpose to protect our Lodges from becoming forums whence schisms, 
 rivalry, or invasion of the well-defined spheres of such masonic organ- 
 izations shall be propagated or recruited. To prevent our Lodges from 
 being disturbed or distracted by the agitation within them of unfriendly 
 designs against regular masonic institutions existing in recognized 
 friendly relations to this Grand Lodge. To protect the Lodges from the 
 entry of causes of discord and contention in their midst, and to protect 
 the craftsmen against impostors and imposition attempted in the name 
 and disguise of masonry. To discourage and repress unmasonic conduct 
 toward brother Masons, and to preserve the just and upright righteous- 
 ness of the freemasonry practised in Massachusetts." 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 103 
 
 The Grand Lodge must not and will not falter in the performance of the 
 important trust placed in its hands. The institution of masonry with all its 
 bright promises and glorious history must not yield to the encroachments of 
 unworthy ambitions or stand indifferent to the selfish conduct of those who 
 have been honored with its endorsement, but for traffic are willing to consort 
 with spurious and clandestine combinations. 
 
 A great number of precedents may be cited to show that Grand Lodges 
 have exercised the power and respected rigidly in their treaties of fraternal 
 relations the right to judge of the legitimate character of the grand bodies, 
 and have asserted over and over again the authority to determine these ques- 
 tions. This Grand Lodge has done it frequently, and the history of the craft 
 is full of instances. We refer to the report of Massachusetts Grand Lodge, 
 1883, where cases are collected and the whole subject very fully considered. 
 It is hardly worth the while to cite authorities farther, deeming those given 
 sufficient. 
 
 The importance of the principle will, we feel sure, be conceded. It is an 
 absolute necessity in the government of the institution of freemasonry that 
 this power should be lodged somewhere, and we know of no place so fit as the 
 Grand Lodge. Indeed, we assert that there is no other place for it to rest, and 
 no other body with which it can be entrusted. Nor is there any danger to 
 the craft from the lodgment of this complete power in the Grand Lodge. 
 It is a legislative and judicial body. Here by their own representatives are 
 present every Lodge in the jurisdiction and every brother who is affiliated. 
 Here are the highest interests and best good of the craft sustained and pro- 
 tected. Here we come to do honor to the institution, and justice to all con- 
 cerned. Need any one fear the action of the Grand Lodge unless he has 
 deserved Its disapprobation? Is there any tribunal on earth, where justice 
 to all, tempered with charity and administered with firmness and fidelity, that 
 can be placed above a Grand Lodge of Masons? 
 
 The institution of masonry has long since emerged from its esoteric char- 
 acter, in a measure, and become one of the great and powerful influences of 
 the world, holding a front rank in the works of civilization. It numbers a 
 vast body of active, zealous men, among whom are restless spirits, and, we 
 are sorry to admit, too many of a turbulent and vicious character. Our laws 
 are stringent, but in a certain sense without power of enforcement. Their 
 only penalties are separation from the fraternity, either absolute or qualified. 
 The greatest punishment is expulsion from the Order, which, in a masonic 
 point of view, simply places a brother beyond the pale of recognition. Our 
 government Is one of moral forces only, and powerless unless It can be 
 brought home to the mind and conscience of the wrong=doer. To accom- 
 plish its object requires its administration upon principles of strict justice, with 
 broad, comprehensive views and such a concentration of influences as will 
 emphasize every declaration and intensify every effect. The universal consent 
 of the fraternity and their loyal and zealous support are necessary, and in no 
 other way can the full force of masonic government be sustained. Neither can 
 it be successful in the management of the craft with a. limited control, and its 
 authority called in question at the very threshold of its exercise. If its edicts 
 could be enforced by the strong srjn which upholds the civil law ; if its courts 
 
104 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 could be sustained as are the courts of justice, there would be comparatively 
 no danger from a conflict of ideas upon its powers and prerogatives, but such 
 cannot be and ought not to be. Far better for our society to rely upon 
 its moral forces, and build its success upon the united support of a faiths 
 ful brotherhood. 
 
 As we said in the beginning, it may not be that any case has arisen of 
 such a character as to call for interference by this Grand Lodge with the 
 craft of its obedience, or to interdict their relations with other organizations; 
 but, in the opinion of your committee, whenever the occasion shall present 
 itself, the Grand Lodge should not hesitate to go forward, and in the exercise 
 of its authority perform its duty towards the fraternity fearlessly, but with 
 strict observance of the rights of all concerned. 
 
 In order that there may be a clear understanding upon the questions 
 involved we recommend the adoption of the following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That this Grand Lodge declares its understanding of the law 
 in relation to its powers and authority over the craft within its jurisdiction 
 to be— 
 
 First, That it is the supreme authority in masonry. 
 
 Second, That it has the power to determine what masonry is. 
 
 Third, That it has the power to decide what masonic bodies 
 are regular, wherein symbolic masonry is used, shown, or made 
 a part of the ceremonies. 
 
 Fourtli, That it has the power and authority to prohibit the 
 Masons of its obedience from practising as masonic any other 
 rites than those which it declares to be masonic; and from 
 using any of its esoteric ceremonies as masonic ceremonies in 
 any other body than those it shall hold to be masonic. 
 
 Resolved, That this Grand Lodge affirms the well established 
 doctrine that it is a violation of the jurisdictional rights of any 
 Grand Lodge or any grand body for a foreign organization of the 
 same grade or rite to establish subordinates within the jurisdic= 
 tion of such grand body, and it is due as well to masonic comity 
 as to the watchful care of our own rights that all attempts of 
 such a nature should meet with the stern disapproval of this 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 Resolved, That this Grand Lodge, trusting to the fidelity and intelligence 
 of the fraternity, deems it unnecessary to legislate at this time in the manner 
 of the proposed amendment. 
 
 J. W. Fellows, 
 
 N. W. CUMNER, 
 
 E. H. Woodman, 
 
 Committee^ 
 
THE GRAND LODGE OF OHIO 
 
 CERNEAUS NOT ADMITTED 
 AS VISITORS IN ANY SYMBOLIC LODGE. 
 
 BARS THE USE OF LODGE HALLS BY SO-CALLED CERNEAU 
 BODIES, AND DECLARES THEM IRREGULAR, ILLEGAL, AND 
 UNMASONIC, AND OUGHT NOT TO BE COUNTE- 
 NANCED OR RECOGNIZED IN ANY MANNER 
 BY BRETHREN UNDER OBEDIENCE TO 
 THIS GRAND LODGE. 
 
 In the year 1884, certain disloyal and disgruntled members of 
 the legitimate Scottish Rite Bodies located iii Columbus, Ohio, com- 
 municated with parties in New York State selling bogus Scottish Rite 
 Degrees, and induced said parties to institute bodies of the so-called 
 Cemeau Rite in Ohio. This matter came to the attention of the 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, M/. W.'. S. Stacker 
 Williams^ and at the Annual Session of the Grand Lodge held in 
 Cleveland, Ohio, on October 19 and 20, 1886, the Grand Master 
 reported the following decision (see printed Proceedings of Grand 
 Lodge of Ohio, 1886, p. 37) : 
 
 RULE 79 OF THE CODE CONSTRUED TO BAR THE USE OF 
 LODGE HALLS BY SO-CALLED "CERNEAU" BODIES. 
 
 During the Winter and Spring, the question came to me from many- 
 sources with reference to the force, scope, or meaning of Rule 79 of our 
 Code, the question being specially asked if the bodies styled by their members 
 " Bodies of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry sub- 
 ordinate to the Supreme Council of the United States of America, their Terri- 
 tories and Dependencies" (so styled), but better known as the Cerneau bodies, 
 came within the rule. In this, as in all other cases, I took the rule as I 
 found it, without any disposition to give it a meaning or construction other 
 than that given it by the Grand Lodge, and in arriving at my conclusions 
 I took into consideration the conditions which existed at the time of the 
 adoption of that part of the rule under consideration, together with the well- 
 known position of this Grand Lodge with reference to an important principle 
 which enters into the discussion of this question, viz. : the sovereignty and 
 exclusive right to jurisdiction of a governing Masonic body in territory 
 occupied by it. 
 
 (8) 
 
106 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Here is the rule in full : 
 
 " No Subordinate Lodge in this jurisdiction shall permit its Lodge-room 
 to be used by any other society or order whatsoever, nor shall it occupy any 
 hall or room jointly with any other society or order, except by the special 
 permission of the Grand Lodge or Grand Master ; but nothing in this regula- 
 tion shall be construed to prohibit a Subordinate Lodge from using rooms 
 jointly with a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, a Masonic Council, or 
 Commandery, or a Masonic body." 
 
 This Grand Lodge is committed to the doctrine of exclusive jurisdiction, 
 and guards her rights with zealous care. She would be unjust if she did not 
 accord to other governing Masonic bodies the same rights, with reference to 
 their subordinates, that she claims for herself. 
 
 Any body claiming to be a Lodge of Master Masons, located in Ohio, 
 and not borne upon the roll of this Grand Lodge, would not be permitted to 
 occupy our halls. Now, in deciding the question as to what other bodies come 
 within the rule, our conclusions must be arrived at by the same rule as that 
 by which she governs herself as to Lodges of Master Masons. Hence, a 
 Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, to be within the meaning of the rule, must 
 be borne upon the roll of the Most Excellent Grand Chapter of Royal Arch 
 Masons of Ohio; a Council, to be within the meaning of the rule, must be 
 borne upon the roll of the Most Illustrious Grand Council of Royal 
 and Select Masters of Ohio ; and a Commandery, to be within the meaning 
 of the rule, must be borne upon the roll of the Grand Commandery of Knights 
 Templar of Ohio. Any Chapter, Council, or Commandery not on the roll as 
 above would not be within the meaning of the rule, and Lodges in this juris- 
 diction would be barred from holding joint occupancy of halls with such 
 bodies. 
 
 Now as to other Masonic bodies. This rule was given substantially its 
 present shape in 1875, at which time, in addition to the bodies already referred 
 to, there were in existence in this State bodies classed as Masonic under the 
 name of Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, on the roll of the Supreme Council 
 for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America. 
 
 As bodies of that Rite.they were then and had been since 1853 the sole 
 occupants of this territory, and for all this time, in different places in this 
 State, had occupied halls jointly with our Lodges ; this, too, with the full 
 knowledge of the Qrand Lodge, hundreds of her members, including Grand 
 Masters and other Grand Officers, having received the degrees in those bodies, 
 and in halls thus jointly occupied. In deciding the case, then, I applied the 
 same rule that I applied in the case of the Chapter, the Council, and the Com- 
 mandery, and held that, as the Grand Lodge had for many years permitted a 
 joint occupancy of her halls by Lodges with bodies subordinate to one 
 Masonic power, I could not commit her to the policy of granting a like 
 privilege to a rival of that power, and hence that Rule 79 of our Code barred 
 Lodges in this jurisdiction from occupying halls jointly with such rival, and 
 issued my orders to the Lodges throughout the State to that effect. 
 
 This decision was sent to the Committee on Masonic Jurispru- 
 dence, and the following- is from the Proceedings of the Grand 
 Lodge, 1886, beginning on page 156: 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 107 
 
 MASONIC JURISPRUDENCE 
 Role 79 Construed — Decision J8 Approved. 
 
 Brother Kiefer reported from a Standing Committee as follows : 
 
 Your Committee on Masonic Jurisprudence have had under consideration 
 so much of the annual address of the M. W. Grand Master as relates to his 
 construction of Rule 79 of the Code (noted therein as Decision No. 18), 
 respectfully report : 
 
 That, after a careful examination of the subject, your Committee 
 recommend that the same be, and is hereby, approved. 
 
 J. M. GOODSPEED, 
 
 W. M. Cunningham^ 
 Charles C. Kiefer, 
 B. D. Babcock. 
 
 Bro. J. L'H. Long proposed, in lieu of the recommendation of approval 
 of Decision of the Grand Master, No. 18, resolution as follows : 
 
 Resolved, That this Grand Lodge, being composed of Ancient Masters, 
 only, is unwilling, and does therefore decline, to decide disputed questions 
 of jurisdiction between bodies other than those which are of the York Rite 
 of Masonry. 
 
 The resolution was disagreed to, and the report and recommendation of 
 the Committee sustaining Decision No. 18 were adopted. 
 
 In 1887, at the meeting of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, held in 
 the City of Dayton, October 25 and 26, the same Grand Master, 
 S. Stacker Williams, made Decision No. 4 (see page 26, printed 
 Proceedings of Ohio, 1887) : 
 
 4. Inquiries tiave been made by a large number of Brethren as to the 
 legality of certain Bodies in this Jurisdiction claiming to be Masonic, 
 which go under the name of CERNEAU BODIES OF THE A. A. S. RITE. 
 
 ■ Ansivcr. — A reference to my Decision No. 18, made last year, and 
 approved by the Grand Lodge, has in most cases been a sufficient answer. 
 But a more specific answer has been requested by some who are members 
 of such Bodies, and who desire a direct answer to the question, " Are they 
 regular and legal, or irregular and illegal?" To such, the answer has been 
 as definite as could be desired, viz. : That they are irregular, illegal, and 
 unmasonic, and ought not to be countenanced or recognized in any 
 manner b.j' Brethren under obedience to this Grand Lodge. 
 
 This brought the matter to a direct issue, and the Committee on 
 Masonic Jurisprudence recommended that the Decision 4, as named 
 above, be approved, whereupon the following action was had (see 
 p. 73, Proceedings, 1887) : 
 
108 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 MOTION OF BROTHER STODDARD TO AMEND ; TO RECOMMIT, 
 TO REPORT ADVERSE TO THE DECISION, ETC. 
 
 Bro. Stoddard moved to recommit to the Committee on Jurisprudence the 
 Fourth Decision of the W. M. Grand Master, with instructions to report 
 adversely to the decision of the G. M. in that regard, and recommend that 
 this Grand Body take no action in regard to the contending Scottish Rites. 
 
 The question being on the adoption of this amendment, after 
 considerable discussion, the vote was taken by calling the roll of 
 officers and members, resulting in the defeat of the amendment pro- 
 posed by Brother Stoddard by a vote of 544 to 230 at the same 
 meeting (see p. 88, Proceedings, 1887) : 
 
 Bro. W. B. Melish presented the following : 
 
 Resolved, That the Grand Master be requested to prepare extracts 
 from the Proceedings of this Grand Lodge, covering his decision 
 regarding illegitimate Masonic Bodies, the report of the Committee 
 on Jurisprudence and the action of the Grand Lodge approving the same, 
 and such other matter as he may select, and that the same be sent to 
 the Masters of the Subordinate Lodges prior to their annual meetings, 
 with instructions to read the address at that meeting, that the Masons 
 of this Jurisdiction may be fully advised of the action of the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 Adopted unanimously. 
 
 In 1888, at the meeting of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, Free and 
 Accepted Masons, held in the City of Toledo, Ohio, M.' W.'. 
 S. Stacker Williams^ Grand Master, presiding, the Grand Master 
 reported that there had been more or less insubordination on the 
 part of three or four Subordinate Lodges of the Jurisdiction in 
 refusing to obey the law of the Grand Lodge in regard to clan- 
 destine Scottish Rite Masonry by countenancing and recognizing 
 the Rite, and by allowing members of that Rite to visit Lodges, and 
 in some cases install into office a number of Brethren who were 
 members of the bogus Cerneau Scottish Rite. 
 
 The Grand Master reported that he had refused permission to 
 install the members of the bogus Rite, and that, in carrying out the 
 orders of the Grand Lodge interpreted by him, he had been compelled 
 to take away the Charters of Bucyrus Lodge, No. 139, of Bucyrus, 
 Ohio, and Crawford Lodge, No. 443, of Bucyrus, Ohio. 
 
 The action of the Grand Master was referred to a joint Com- 
 mittee on Jurisprudence and Charters and Dispensations, and on 
 page 50 of the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ohio for 1888 
 this Committee reported that the Grand Master had acted within 
 his powers, and in accordance with the Law of the Grand Lodge, 
 and they said: 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 109 
 
 " We find that both these Lodges were guilty of insubordination 
 and rebelHon, and recommend that the Charters of both be arrested, 
 and that both Lodges be stricken from the rolls of this Jurisdiction." 
 
 Considerable discussion was had in regard to the adoption of 
 this report, the discussion lasting for over two hours. 
 
 On motion, the roll of the members of the Grand Lodge was 
 called upon the question of the approval and adoption of the part of 
 the report of the Committee as given above, said action resulting in 
 the casting of 991 votes, of which 673 were in favor of the adoption 
 of the report, and 318 against the adoption of the report. (See page 
 84, printed Proceedings, 1888.) 
 
 On page 103 of the Proceedings of the same year, a resolution in 
 regard to Cerneau Masonry was presented as follows : 
 
 Brother Chas. T. Lewis offered the following preamble and resolution : 
 
 Whereas, This Grand Lodge at its Annual Communication in October, 
 1887, declared the bodies calling themselves " The Ancient Accepted Scottish 
 Rite for the United States of America, its Territories and Dependencies," 
 and commonly called the "Cerneau Rite," to be " irregular, illegal, and 
 unmasonic," and that they " ought not to be countenanced or recognized in 
 any manner by brethren under obedience to this Grand Lodge " ; and 
 
 Whereas, Brethren subordinate to the authority of this Orand Lodge 
 are still selling and conferring the Cerneau and other degrees pronounced 
 to be irregular, to Master Masons in this Jurisdiction, and are thereby 
 violating the laws of this Grand Body ; therefore. 
 
 Be It Resolved, That any Mason subordinate to the authority of this 
 Grand Lodge, who shall hereafter take, or receive, or communicate, or 
 be present at, or assist any one to take or apply for said degrees, or any 
 of them, shall be subject, after due trial under the Code, to expulsion 
 from all the rights and privileges of Masonry. 
 
 The above resolution was adopted by an almost unanimous viva 
 voce vote. 
 
 (The above resolution was written by W. B. Melish, and given 
 to Charles T. Lewis to introduce into the Grand Lodge, Brother 
 Melish having other important reports and matters to be presented 
 to the same Session.) 
 
 Immediately following the adoption of the above resolution, tlie 
 following action was had (see page 104, printed Proceedings, Grand 
 Lodge of Ohio, 1888) : 
 
 Brother E. I. Betts offered the following resolution, which was unani- 
 mously adopted, viz. : 
 
 Be It Resolved, I . That a copy of the full report of a joint committee 
 to whom was referred that portion of the Address of the Grand Master 
 
110 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 relating to the installation of certain officers in subordinate lodges, and 
 other matters pertaining thereto ; and also the resolution introduced by 
 Brother Charles T. Lewis, relating to so=called Cerneau Masonry, 
 together with the action of the Grand Lodge on said report and resolu= 
 tion, should be forwarded to the Lodges of this Jurisdiction. 
 
 2. That in each Lodge, on the evening of the first annual election 
 hereafter, and before the election, it shall be the duty of the W. M. to 
 cause said report and resolution to be read in open lodge, and require the 
 Secretary to certify under the seal of the Lodge, to the Grand Secretary, 
 the fact of the reading of such report and resolution, as above, and the 
 time when the same was done. 
 
 The newly elected Grand Master, Leander Burdick, issued the 
 following circular (see page 15, Proceedings of Grand Lodge of 
 Ohio, i88g) : 
 
 OFnCE OF THE M. W. GRAND MASTER 
 OF THE GRAND LODGE, F. & A. MASONS, OF OHIO 
 
 To THE W. M., Wardens and Brethren of : 
 
 The great extent of this Grand Jurisdiction, and my business engage- 
 ments, make it impossible to visit any great number of our Lodges, however 
 much I may desire to do so. I therefore avail myself of the medium of a 
 circular letter through which to address you. 
 
 I desire to congratulate you upon our steady and healthy growth, and to 
 assure you that, as a rule, peace, harmony, and loyalty prevail. I give you 
 the gratifying assurance that, in places where one year ago acts of rebellion 
 were committed against the authority of my predecessor, while exercising his 
 constitutional rights and battling manfully to uphold the dignity and integrity 
 of the Grand Lodge, there is now peace and harmony. There are a few who 
 desire to be recognized as leaders who still talk treason ; but the great 
 majority of those who were deceived into enlisting under the so=called 
 "Cerneau banner," and blindly followed bad leaders, are now loyal to 
 their Masonic vows. 
 
 The decisions and official acts of Past Grand Master Williams, having 
 been approved by the Grand Lodge, and hence having the force of law, are 
 now respected by many who were induced to believe a year ago that they 
 would not be approved. The Grand Lodge not only endorsed the actions of 
 its Grand Master, but went a step further, and adopted the Lewis preamble 
 and resolution, which make it a Masonic offence, punishable by expulsion, 
 to visit or affiliate with the so-called Cerneau Body. The language and 
 actions of the Grand Lodge are plain, and, with few exceptions, its edicts are 
 respected and observed. 
 
 While I extend congratulations, I also admonish you not to be misled 
 by certain anonymous circulars and pamphlets which have been scattered 
 throughout our Jurisdiction, particular pains having been taken to secure 
 their distribution in certain localities and with evident intent to mislead. 
 These papers abound in Insults to the Grand Lodge, are a tissue of mis- 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. Ill 
 
 statements, and it is no wonder their authors were ashamed to append their 
 names thereto. 
 
 It has been claimed that good standing in a Masonic Lodge was pre- 
 requisite in the Cerneau Bodies, but the following resolution, contained in an 
 anonymous circular recently issued, would indicate that a change had been 
 made to meet emergencies. It reads as follows : 
 
 " That expulsion from a Lodge of Master Masons on account of member- 
 ship in this Consistory or any Bodies subordinate thereto shall not affect his 
 standing as a member of any Bodies of this Rite." 
 
 No significance should attach to this or any other resolution purporting 
 to come from said Bodies, as the actions had by the Grand Lodges of Penn- 
 sylvania, Kentucky, and Ohio have declared them illegal, irregular, and 
 clandestine. 
 
 It is, therefore, ordered that hereafter Masters of Lodges under the 
 jurisdiction of the Qrand Lodge of Ohio shall instruct all committees 
 sent out to examine visitors to include in the test oath the following : 
 
 " FURTHERMORE, I DO NOT HOLD MEMBERSHIP IN, OR ALLE= 
 QIANCE TO, ANY CERNEAU OR OTHER BODY CLAIMING TO BE 
 MASONIC, THAT HAS BEEN DECLARED CLANDESTINE BY THE 
 QRAND LODGE OF OHIO." 
 
 Masters of Lodges must recollect that the action of the Grand Lodge 
 in arresting the Charters of Ahiman, Crawford, and Bucyrus Lodges will 
 prevent former members of said arrested Lodges being received as visitors in 
 any Lodge, unless said visitor shall present a certificate of good standing, 
 signed by the Grand Secretary, with seal attached. 
 
 Given under our hand and the seal of the Grand Master at Toledo, 
 Ohio, this I2th day of March, A. L. 5889. 
 
 LEANDER BURDICK, 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
 At the Session of the Grand Lodge of Ohio held in 1889, the 
 Grand Master reported: 
 
 I am confident that it will be gratifying to the members of this Grand 
 Lodge to know that the position taken by Ohio relative to the organization 
 calling itself " The Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite for the United States of 
 America, their Territories and Dependencies," has been approved by similar 
 action in the Qrand Lodges of Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Colorado, Iowa, 
 Dakota, Utah, Oregon, and District of Columbia. 
 
 Several Grand Lodges have gone still further, and require all Master 
 Masons under their immediate jurisdictions, who are members of " The 
 Cerneau Bodies," to renounce their allegiance to, or membership in, 
 the interdicted Body within a stated time or have charges preferred 
 against them. 
 
 (I desire to acknowledge my thanks to 111.'. William B. 
 Melish, 33°, Past Grand Master of Ohio, for the above transcript 
 from the Proceedings of the Grand Lodge. — William Homan.) 
 
ACTION OF THE 
 
 GRAND LODGE OF MASSACHUSETTS 
 AGAINST SPURIOUS RITES AND DEGREES 
 
 AND 
 IRREGULAR BODIES 
 
 (CALLED MASONIC) 
 
 GRAND LODGE OF MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 OFFICE OF THE GRAND MASTER, 
 
 Boston, June 29, 1883. 
 
 To the Worshipful Masters, Wardens, and Members of the Lodges throughout 
 the Jurisdiction: 
 
 It is deemed eminently advisable at this time to issue, for the information 
 of the members of the Fraternity in Massachusetts, a statement of the action 
 taken by the Grand Lodge with reference to spurious and irregular degrees. 
 
 During the past few years certain parties, assuming to act by authority, 
 have been selling and conferring spurious, so-called " higher," degrees in 
 various parts of the Commonwealth. These adventurers follow the business 
 from motives solely of private gain, and unfortunately have only been too 
 successful in imposing upon the Brethren; reaping rich harvests from the 
 unscrupulous trafBc. A similar trade has sprung up in the irregular con- 
 ferring of degrees purporting to be identical with those conferred by duly 
 constituted Masonic Bodies recognized by the Grand Lodge. The whole 
 business is calculated to disturb the harmony of the Fraternity, lower its 
 dignity, and subvert its organization. 
 
 The Grand Lodge has watched with a vigilant eye transactions so fraught 
 with danger to the peace and prosperity of the Institution. At the Annual 
 Communication, in 1879, Grand Master Welch called the attention of the 
 Craft to the presence in our jurisdiction of parties who were conferring 
 degrees which they pretended were Masonic, and for which they were receiv- 
 ing from the Brethren large sums of money, especially for those of the 
 " Egyptian Rite of Memphis," so called, whose unscrupulous manager, since 
 expelled from Masonry, was boldly advertising in the public prints for 
 candidates for degrees which he had no legal authority to confer. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 113 
 
 The judicious and timely remarks of Grand Master Welch upon this sub- 
 ject doubtless saved many a Brother from imposition, pecuniary loss, and 
 consequent mortification; they also seemed to suppress, for a time, these 
 irregular proceedings. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication in March, 1882, the M. W. Grand 
 Master stated that the same business had been renewed by other parties, 
 who were pushing the sale of spurious degrees, turning them into a source 
 of personal emolument, thereby bringing discredit upon the Craft. In alluding 
 to the irregular conferring of degrees, he also reminded the Brethren " that 
 the illegitimate effort to confer Masonic degrees, so that persons may receive 
 them through some by-way, speedily and for a small price, is an old artifice 
 that has been put into practice from time to time, as often as the accessions 
 to our ranks seemed to afford a profitable field for the venture; that these 
 efforts continue till all of the Craft susceptible of being inveigled by them 
 are drawn into the snare, and then are abandoned, and the victims meanwhile 
 are left to struggle with their anomalous position; to encounter the distrust 
 of their Brethren; to engage with them, perhaps, in the most bitter, con- 
 tinuous and unhappy struggles for power and precedence; the end of all 
 which is, and must always be, mortification and enmity in place of that con- 
 fidence, mutual respect, and harmony which ought ever to characterize our 
 ancient Fraternity." 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication in June, 1882, the Grand Lodge, for 
 the purpose of suppressing practices which threatened serious injury to 
 Masonry, adopted an amendment of the Constitutions proposed by Past Grand 
 Master Welch; and at the recent Communication held June 13, 1883, Section 
 25 of the amendment was amended, with a view to make it more effective, so 
 that the regulation now stands as follows : 
 
 Part Fifth — Miscellaneous Regulations. 
 
 Sect. 24. Whereas, this Grand Lodge recognizes no degrees in 
 Masonry except those conferred under the regulations of the GRAND 
 LODGES of the various States and Territories of the United States and 
 the Oovernments throughout the world; and whereas, it admits the 
 following named organizations to be regular and duly constituted 
 Masonic Bodies, namely: — 
 
 The General Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the United States ; The Grand 
 Royal Arch Chapters of the several States and Territories of the United 
 States, and the Royal Arch Chapters and other Bodies under their jurisdic- 
 tion; The General Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of the United 
 States; The Grand Councils of Royal and Select Masters of the several 
 States and Territories of the United States, and the Councils under their 
 jurisdiction ; The Grand Encampment of the United States ; The Grand Com- 
 manderies of the several States and Territories of the United States, and the 
 Commanderies under their jurisdiction ; The Supreme Councils of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern and Southern 
 jurisdictions of the United States, of which Henry L Palmer and Albert 
 Pike are M. P. Sovereign Grand Commanders, respectively, and the 
 various Bodies under their jurisdiction :— 
 
114 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Now, therefore, it is hereby declared that any Mason who is hereafter 
 admitted, in this jurisdiction, into any other Orders, as Masonic, whether 
 called the Rite of Memphis or by any other name, is acting un-Masonically, 
 and for such conduct shall be liable to be expelled from all the rights and 
 privileges of Masonry, and shall be ineligible to membership or office in 
 this Grand Lodge. 
 
 Sect. 25. Any Mason in this jurisdiction who shall confer, com- 
 municate, or sell, or assist in conferring, communicating, or selling, or 
 solicit any one to receive or apply for, any so-called Masonic degree or 
 degrees limited to Freemasons, not hereinbefore recognized or admitted, 
 may be expelled from all the rights and privileges of Masonry. 
 
 For the better understanding of the points involved in this legislation, 
 the earnest attention of the Brethren is invited to the printed Proceedings 
 of the Grand Lodge of June, 1882, and June, 1883, extracts from which are 
 appended. The able and exhaustive reports of the committees to whom this 
 subject was referred throw a flood of light upon the merits of the question, 
 whether they touch upon law or policy. 
 
 It will be seen that, under the provisions of this enactment, a Brother 
 who in any way compromises himself by connection with this forbidden traffic 
 is guilty of un-Masonic conduct, and is liable to expulsion. The regulation 
 was adopted after the most careful consideration, and is intended to 
 promote the best welfare of the Fraternity. Faithfully observed, it will 
 prove a most valuable safeguard to the Institution — one to which it may owe 
 its salvation in future years. Intelligent and well disposed Brethren will lend 
 no countenance to any infraction of the Grand Constitutions, and they will 
 prefer that the pure stream of ]\Iasonry should run through the regular chan- 
 nels, and that men should seek the degrees, not because they are cheap, 
 but because they open the door to privileges of priceless value. 
 
 Yours fraternally, 
 
 SAMUEL C. LAWRENCE, 
 Attest : — Grand Master. 
 
 Sereno D. Nickerson, 
 
 Recording Grand Secretary. 
 
GEN. SAMUEL C. LAWRENCE, 33° 
 
 Grand Master, Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, 1881. 1882., 1885. 
 
 Member Board of Directors, Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, since Dec, i86g. 
 
 Member Board of Trustees Masonic Educative and Charity Trust since 1884. 
 
 Grand Commander, Grand Commander/ of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1894-95. 
 
 Grand Minister of State, Supreme Council, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, 1888-97. 
 
 Puissant Grand Lieutenant Commander, Supreme Council Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, since 1897. 
 
 Kepresentative of the Supreme Councils, Southern Masonic Jurisdiction, U. S. A., and Italy. 
 
 Colonel Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, in active service from April ig, 1861, to June 9, 1862.. 
 
 Brigadier-General, in service to August zo, 1864. 
 
 Commander, Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston, 1869. 
 
 First Mayor of the City of Medford. 
 
 Trustee of Public Library, Commissioner of Sinking Fund, etc., etc. 
 
 President Eastern Railroad, 1875. 
 
 Director Boston and Maine Railroad and Member of Executive Committee, 
 
 Director Maine Central Railroad. 
 
 One of the Six Survivors of the Union of the Supreme Councils^ iBby. 
 
116 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 (Extracts from Proceedings of Quarterly Communication, March 8, 1882.) 
 
 CAUTION AGAINST SPURIOUS RITES AND DEGREES 
 
 The M. W. Grand lilaster stated that he felt it to be his duty to allude 
 to a matter of great importance to the Craft, though not altogether new. 
 
 It would be remembered, he said, that at the Annual Communication, 
 in 1879, Grand Master Welch called the attention of the Grand Lodge to the 
 presence in our jurisdiction of parties who were conferring degrees which 
 they pretended were Masonic, and for which they were receiving from the 
 Brethren large sums of money — especially for those of the " Egyptian Rite," 
 so called, whose unscrupulous manager, since expelled from Masonry, was 
 boldly advertising in the public prints for candidates for degrees which he 
 had no legal authority to confer. 
 
 The judicious and timely remarks of Grand Master Welch upon this 
 subject doubtless saved many a Brother from imposition, pecuniary loss, and 
 consequent mortification ; they also seemed to suppress, for a time, these 
 irregular proceedings. 
 
 But the Jil. W. Grand Master added that he had received from trust- 
 worthy sources information that the management of these rites had been 
 illegally assumed by other parties, who were propagating them throughout 
 the jurisdiction, pushing the sale of these gMO«'-degrees as fast as possible, 
 and turning them into a source of personal emolument, thereby bringing dis- 
 credit upon the Craft. Hundreds of the Brethren have been inveigled into 
 taking these degrees by plausible representations, and thousands of dollars 
 have been transferred from their pockets to those of irresponsible adventurers. 
 That these parties, as he had reason to know, are merely speculators — peddlers 
 of alleged Masonic degrees for purely private gain; that such degrees are 
 spurious and illegitimate, and really worthless to the Brethren who buy 
 them; and that the main and final tendency of the whole thing is to breed 
 'jealousies and contentions in the bosom of a Brotherhood now prosperous 
 and harmonious. 
 
 He further reminded the Brethren that the illegitimate effort to give and 
 get Masonic degrees through some by-way, speedily, and for a small price, 
 is an old artifice that has been put into practise from time to time, as often 
 as the accessions to our ranks seemed to afford a profitable field for the 
 venture ; that these efforts continue till all of the Craft susceptible of being 
 inveigled by them are drawn into the snare, and then are abandoned, and the 
 victims meanwhile are left to struggle with their anomalous position; to 
 encounter the distrust of their Brethren; to engage with them, perhaps, in 
 the most bitter, continuous, and unhappy struggles for power and precedence, 
 the end of all which is, and must always be, mortification and enmity in place 
 of that confidence, mutual respect, and harmony, which ought ever to 
 characterize our ancient Fraternity. 
 
 That the liability of loss to the Brethren, in mere money, is so great, 
 he felt compelled, on this account alone, to give them this information as a 
 word in season for their protection ; but especially because many of the most 
 zealous Brethren are liable to be deceived and caught by these specious pre- 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 117 
 
 tenders, and so become unwarily the instruments of introducing into our 
 councils discord and dissensions. 
 
 He particularly cautioned the younger Brethren to guard against 
 being placed in a false position, and to withdraw their countenance from 
 all pretences to the selling or giving away of so°called Masonic niys= 
 teries ; for the clandestine Masonry hawked about in the market-places, 
 however sweet it may seem in the taking, will be sure to disgust in the 
 end. The older Brethren, remembering the unhappy state of feeling which 
 existed eighteen years ago, from divisions in the Fraternity, will, of all things, 
 deprecate any repetition of such an experience and will recognize the impera- 
 tive necessity of warding off this threatening attack upon the harmony and 
 dignity of our beloved Institution. 
 
 He further stated that he did not believe that any Brother, who had lately 
 entered into these spurious organizations, had done so from any lack of fidelity 
 to Masonry, or with any thought of the incongruity of the relations it would 
 occasion; for the spirit that impelled the traffic would not be generally under- 
 stood, nor its unhappy results fully realized, until the mischief had been done. 
 He had thus brought the matter before the Grand Lodge, feeling that 
 it was one that deeply concerned the welfare of Masonry. He relied upon 
 the wisdom of the Grand Lodge to take such action as is best calculated to 
 suppress practises which aim a direct blow at the best interests of the Order. 
 
 PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE GRAND CONSTITUTIONS 
 
 R. W. Charles A. Welch, Past Grand Master, stated that the subject so 
 clearly and forcibly presented by the M. W. Grand Master had for some time 
 engaged the thoughtful and serious consideration of many Brethren; that 
 there could be but one opinion as to the magnitude and dangerous character 
 of the evil complained of; that he was satisfied that prompt and energetic 
 action on the part of the Grand Lodge was necessary for its suppression; and 
 for that purpose he proposed an amendment to the Grand Constitutions. 
 
 R. W. Brother Welch forcibly presented the necessity for the proposed 
 action, and the beneficial effect likely to result from it. Similar views were 
 urged in brief and earnest remarks by W. Brother Alfred F. Chapman and the 
 Recording Grand Secretary. Thereupon the Grand Master stated that, under 
 the Constitutions, the proposed amendments would be referred to a committee, 
 communicated to the Lodges, and presented for consideration and action at 
 the Quarterly Communication in June next. The following-named Brethren 
 were selected as the committee on this subject: — 
 
 R. W. Charles Levi Woodbury, Past Deputy Grand Master. 
 " William Sewall Gardner, Past Grand Master. 
 " Theodore C. Bates, Corresponding Grand Secretary. 
 
 Leander M. Hannum, D.D.G. Master, District No. 2. 
 W. Merrick N. Spear, Master Pacific Lodge. 
 James K. Odell, Master Amicable Lodge. 
 Albro a. Osgood, Master Joseph Webb Lodge. 
 
118 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 (From Proceedings, June 14, 1882.) 
 
 R. W. Charles Levi Woodbury, in behalf of the committee, submitted the 
 following : — 
 
 REPORT ON PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE GRAND 
 CONSTITUTIONS, PART V— MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS 
 
 In Grand Lodge^ June 14, 1882. 
 The committee to whom was referred the proposed amendment to the 
 Constitutions report : — 
 
 Ancient Free and Accepted Masonry, after centuries of struggle, has 
 extended its fellowship into every country of the globe. In every State its 
 Grand Lodge has the obligation to watch and ward for the cultivation of 
 harmony and union among the Craft, and to protect it against wayward 
 contention, conflicts, dissension, and envy among the members of its Lodges. 
 
 The cohesion of Freemasonry is the important object for which Grand 
 Lodges were created, and the end for which their wisdom and prudence ought 
 to be exercised. The Craft cannot be torn and rended by internal con= 
 flicts without the whole structure tottering toward its fall. 
 
 WHAT ARE MASONIC INSTITUTIONS? 
 
 The gravest part of this duty of maintaining the cohesion of Freemasonry 
 devolves upon the Grand Lodge. In this view it inquires what are Masonic 
 Institutions other than the Grand Lodges ? They are understood to be regu= 
 lar and duly constituted organizations for the practice of Atasonic mys= 
 teries, built upon the basis of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masonry, 
 admitting none to initiation who are not already initiated into Masonry 
 under the auspices of a regular Grand Lodge, who are eligible to member- 
 ship only whilst they retain their Masonic character in such Grand Lodges, 
 nd who forfeit it when expelled from such Grand Lodges. The Grand 
 Lodge does not charter them, regulate their ritual, or prescribe their legisla- 
 tion. So far as they are a Chapter, an Encampment, or a Council, they are 
 independent Bodies. Because they are independent the Grand Lodge must 
 consider whether the allegiance they ask from the Fraternity will be injurious 
 to that due to itself as the sovereign representative of the Fraternity. 
 
 The Grand Lodge acts upon such independent Bodies as one nation acts 
 on another, by treaties of fraternity and peace, or by declaring non-intercourse, 
 or by absolute embargo; but on the members of these Bodies within its 
 jurisdiction it acts directly Avith all the power of the whole of Free and 
 Accepted Masonry of the jurisdiction. 
 
 It IS only by the tacit or direct consent of the Grand Lodge that such 
 independent Bodies are permitted to seek for initiates or to make proselytes 
 jLmong the Lodges of its jurisdiction, or that any Mason in its allegiance is 
 permitted to enter or remain in the ranks of such a Body. When that is cut 
 off such a Body must die. 
 
 When the conduct of such an independent institution disturbs ancient 
 landmarks, or interferes with the policy of the Grand Lodge in a way that 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 119 
 
 jeopardizes the peace, harmony, or interests of her Masonic Fraternity, it is 
 clearly the duty of the Grand Lodge to protect her landmarks and Fraternity 
 adequately to the injury menaced, even by denouncing any further recognition 
 of the Body, and by expelling all of her Masons who remain in the offending 
 Body, should such a course be thought necessary. 
 
 It is an old and sound doctrine that there is no Mason within the 
 boundary of the State who is not within the jurisdiction of the Qrand 
 Lodge, and amenable to it for his conduct. 
 
 Your committee are a little emphatic on this, that it may be seen that 
 Masonic intercourse and recognition for more than one or two generations 
 have been, and now are, extended by the Grand Lodge to the Chapters, 
 Encampments, and Councils declared by the amendment to be regular, and in 
 our Lodge-rooms their members receive all the privileges of visiting Brethren 
 in good standing. We have often accepted the escort on public occasions 
 of some of these Bodies, have provided accommodations for all of them, 
 and in every way exchanged the courtesies and associations usual be^ 
 tween independent Bodies related in a similar manner. 
 
 MULTIPLICITY OF DEGREES 
 
 It is a serious question whether the multiplicity of self-constituted and 
 secondary degrees that cling to Freemasonry has not already become a 
 grievance in many ways, requiring the regulating hand of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 It is claimed by many that this multiplicity distracts the attention of the 
 Brethren, prevents the concentration of their zeal on the practice of Blue 
 Masonry, and impairs the progress of the works of humanity and charity by 
 which Freemasonry strives to perform its social duties ; that it takes up too 
 much time to be members of many of the Bodies conferring them ; that often 
 the point sought to be illustrated is not of sufficient consequence to justify an 
 organization for the purpose ; that money paid for such degrees is wasted by 
 the payer, and of no practical benefit to Freemasonry or to himself. 
 
 The force due to these suggestions exerts its energy on the toleration of 
 further additions to the number of these derived and secondary organized 
 rites. 
 
 The settled habits of our Fraternity, derived from our wise pre= 
 decessors, have long encouraged the illustration of certain of its 
 mysteries by organizations now thoroughly incorporated into the system 
 of Masonry, each moving in harmony and unison in its own orbit around 
 the Grand Lodge, regularly as planets move around a central sun. 
 
 The recognition in the proposed amendment of the regular and duly con- 
 stituted character of the Chapter, Commandery, Council, and Scottish Rite, 
 appears just. 
 
 The two evils now beginning to afflict Freemasonry are not of their 
 making. One is this hawking of degrees in pseudo Bodies, with new rituals, 
 professing to be Masonic. Second, efforts to establish rivals to Masonic 
 Bodies already in existence, and to wage within our membership a contest 
 with the older and well-established Bodies for recruits to fill their ranks. 
 
1-:J0 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 The former of these evils is too often set on foot for personal ends, 
 by some restless person, and not unfrequently whose entire object is a mere 
 hawking around of pretended degrees to raise money for personal ends — a 
 bogus operation to plunder the unwary among the Craft. 
 
 In the rituals of the legitimate and ancient Bodies, all of true Masonry 
 that can be taught by ritual is already included. Should it be urged that 
 " new rituals " imply new lights in Masonry, the reply is obvious, that as 
 guardians of the ancient landmarks, the Grand Lodge ought to have exercised 
 some judgment on such pretences before thej' are advertised and inculcated 
 among the Craft as proper objects for Masonic culture or to spend time and 
 money upon. 
 
 Heretofore this Grand Lodge has frequently driven off bogus, clan= 
 destine, and expelled Masons; has recognized or refused intercourse with 
 Bodies claiming to be Jilasonic, and has forbidden association with or visiting 
 such Bodies; acting not only on considerations founded upon the regularity 
 and legality of such Bodies, but on others drawn from its views of the best 
 Masonic interests of its own members, or from the conduct of the Body in 
 question. Ho'w much insidious mischief and matter of evil tendency has 
 been nipped in the bud by timely action! 
 
 Nothing can be more derogatory to the generous and unselfish character 
 of Freemasonry than the hawking of degrees for personal gain. 
 
 Our honored and respected Grand Master, at the last Quarterly Com- 
 munication, expressed his views on the hawking of one of these " new lights " 
 in this and neighboring jurisdictions: — 
 
 " Hundreds of Brethren have been inveigled into taking these degrees, 
 by plausible representations, and thousands of dollars have been transferred 
 from their pockets to those of irresponsible adventurers. That these parties, 
 as he had reason to know, were speculators — ^peddlers of Masonic degrees 
 for purely private gain ; that such degrees are spurious and illegitimate, and 
 really worthless to the Brethren who buy them ; and that the main and final 
 tendency of the whole thing is to breed jealousies and contentions in the 
 bosom of a Brotherhood now prosperous and harmonious." 
 
 Grand ^Master ^Yelch, in 1879, also warned the Brethren against unscrupu- 
 lous parties who were attempting to spread illegitimate degrees in this 
 jurisdiction; but a warning is not always equally effective with an order 
 of the Grand Lodge, on those whose hearts are not single in the good of 
 the Rite, and further inaction by the Grand Lodge will prove injurious 
 to the real interests of Freemasonry. Brethren zealous and inexperienced, 
 without knowledge of the real character of that which they are invited 
 to partake in, often only too late realize they have been led astray. 
 
 Counterfeit organizations, claiming to be the legitimate and well= 
 known Bodies whose names they usurp, have lately sprung up and been 
 pressed by adroit schemers on Blue Lodge Masons with large appeals 
 to the cheapness of the degrees they offer. 
 
 Counterfeits are never cheap to the honest taker. The unwary do not 
 recognize that this cheapness is because the parties offering the degree know 
 it to be bogus, and that it will not enable the receiver to gain admittance into 
 the great and respectable Masonic Fraternity it falsely purports to represent. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 121 
 
 Nor do they, till through a bitter experience, learn that the very receiv- 
 ing of such a degree renders them suspect and impure to the genuine 
 Order throughout the world. 
 
 Ought the Grand Lodge to permit its Lodges to be profaned by the play 
 of schemes like these? 
 
 The longer the players can act with impunity the bolder will become their 
 play, and the more numerous will be their victims. 
 
 At present we have heard of two such counterfeits ; but impunity and 
 success will inspire schemers to establish rival Bodies to all the Rites recog- 
 nized by the Masonic Fraternity, and pour into every Asylum and Chapter 
 seeds of schism and division to promote their deluding arts, and spread in 
 these organizations, as well as in our Lodge-rooms, faction and rivalry, until 
 discord, broil, and hatred shall replace peace and harmony among the Crafts- 
 men.- JNIasonic legislation in every country of the world has determined that 
 the interest of all legitimate jNIasonic Bodies is to preserve the peace and the 
 forums of the jurisdiction of each from invasion or rivalry. In the harmony 
 thus created lies the strength of Masonry. During all of the past century 
 the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts has been the foremost in pressing these 
 noble principles of reciprocal good-will and of Masonic obligation to our 
 neighbors. 
 
 Your committee report that in their consideration there is a Masonic duty 
 on this Grand Lodge as representatives of all the Masons of Massachusetts : — 
 
 1 . To protect the Bodies of the Rite recognized as regular and duly 
 constituted from injury or invasion fomented in or proceeding from this 
 jurisdiction, and for this purpose to protect our Lodges from becoming 
 forums whence schism, rivalry, or invasion of the w^elUdefined spheres 
 of such Masonic organizations shall be propagated or recruited. 
 
 2. To prevent our Lodges from being disturbed or distracted by the 
 agitation within them of unfriendly designs against regular Masonic 
 institutions existing in recognized friendly relations to this Grand Lodge. 
 
 3. To protect the Lodges from the entry of causes of discord and 
 contention in their midst, and to protect the Craftsmen against im- 
 postors and imposition attempted in the name and disguise of Masonry. 
 
 4. To discourage and repress un=Masonic conduct towards Brother 
 Masons, and to preserve the just and upright righteousness of the Free- 
 masonry practised in Massachusetts. 
 
 NYho, having the option before him, would prefer to subject the strength 
 of his Lodge to the rending force of faction and discord, rather than relieve 
 it by prudent measures of such strains? Every member living in this State 
 of the regular Bodies threatened belongs to some one of our Lodges. The 
 schismatic rival or bogus schemers depend on obtaining recruits from 
 our Lodges for strength and means ; here they carry on their secret 
 work, and hence the distraction falls mainly on our own Lodges ; here 
 friendships are in danger; here the collisions will take place, the rage 
 be engendered. Brother be set against Brother, and the harmony of 
 Masonry be crushed by broil, hatred, and faction. This is no imaginary 
 picture. The many among us who recollect the strain brought on the Lodges 
 many years ago in consequence of a division in one of the regular ilasonic 
 
 (9) 
 
123 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Bodies, very happily long since healed, will not neglect the warnings of our 
 honored Grand Masters against tolerating the persistent effort to create within 
 our Lodges rival and hostile camps. 
 
 The good name and safety of Masonry demand that the Grand Lodge, 
 for its own sake, shall stop these unseemly and un=Masonic proceedings, 
 which clearly militate against its own peace and harmony. 
 
 The policy of the ancient landmarks excluded discussions on politics and 
 theology from Lodges, in order to promote the fraternal spirit on which the 
 cohesion of Freemasonry has since rested. Until it can be shown that the 
 fraternal spirit has ceased to be desirable, this Grand Lodge must maintain 
 its conservative character, and with a firm and vigorous hand suppress conduct 
 that threatens its cohesion. 
 
 Your committee, therefore, report as their conclusion that there is 
 no doubt of the constitutianal power of this Grand Lodge to control the 
 intercourse of the Freemasons living within its jurisdiction with any 
 professed Masonic Body, either within or without the jurisdiction ; nor 
 is there a doubt of the authority of this Grand Lodge in its discretion 
 to recognize or refuse recognition to, or even to declare clandestine or 
 illegal, any organization that may claim to be Masonic in its character. 
 These powers have been too often exercised within historical periods 
 to be doubtful now. 
 
 Your committee have carefully considered the proposed amendment to the 
 Constitutions, and in their opinion it is adequate to curb the evils against 
 which it is directed. Doubtless the intention of the mover was that the 
 prohibition in it should regulate the future action of Masons, after its passage, 
 and not their past; the committee have therefore changed it by adding the 
 adverb " hereafter " to make this distinct. 
 
 The Masonic Bodies, of which the amendment reaffirms the regular and 
 duly constituted Masonic character, are widely known in the Fraternity as 
 having long and loyally co-operated with this Grand Lodge in useful Masonic 
 work. 
 
 Doubtless there are some other Masonic degrees in use, to a small extent, 
 not so well known among the Fraternity, which are not liable to the imputa- 
 tions of fraud or intrusion on the field of other degrees. Should the Grand 
 Lodge adopt the pending amendment it will then, more properly than now, be in 
 the power of such Bodies to have their claim for recognition presented to, 
 considered, and determined by the Grand Lodge. Your committee has not 
 prejudged or prejudiced them. 
 
 Your committee report the amendment in the same draft in which it was 
 referred, with the exception that in Section 24, after the words " it is hereby 
 declared that any Mason who is " the word " hereafter " ought to be inserted. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 Charles Levi Woodbury, 
 William S. Gardner, 
 Theodore C. Bates, 
 Leander M. Hannum, 
 Merrick N. Spear, 
 James K. Odell, 
 AiBRo A. Osgood, 
 
 Committee. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 123 
 
 The M. W. Grand Master put the question upon the adoption of the 
 amendment proposed by the committee — -to insert the word " hereafter," — 
 and it was carried unanimously in the affirmative. 
 
 Upon the question of the adoption of the amendment as amended, the 
 Grand Master ordered the roll of officers, permanent members, and Lodges 
 to be called, whereupon the whole number of votes given was three hundred 
 and forty-seven, of which three hundred and nineteen were in the affirmative, 
 and twenty-eight in the negative. The Grand Master accordingly declared 
 the amendment adopted. 
 
 {From Proceedings, June 13, 1883.) 
 
 REPORT ON AMENDMENT TO GRAND CONSTITUTIONS 
 
 R. W. Charles Levi Woodbury, in behalf of the committee, submitted the 
 following report ; — 
 
 The undersigned, a committee appointed to report upon an Amendment 
 to the Grand Constitutions, Part Fifth, Section 25, proposed by R. W. Bro. 
 Welch, have duly considered the subject, and respectfully submit the following 
 report : — 
 
 The section sought to be amended, is an appendix to Sect. 24, and must 
 be considered in its relations to that section in the Miscellaneous Regulations. 
 That section provides as follows : — 
 
 " Sect. 24. Whereas, this Grand Lodge recognizes no degrees in Masonry 
 except those conferred under the regulations of the Grand Lodges of the 
 various States and Territories of the United States and the Governments 
 throughout the world; and whereas it admits the following-named organiza- 
 tions to be regular and duly constituted Masonic Bodies, namely: — 
 
 " The General Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the United States ; The 
 Grand Royal Arch Chapters of the several States and Territories of the 
 United States, and the Royal Arch Chapters and other Bodies under their 
 jurisdiction; The General Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of the 
 United States; The Grand Councils of Royal and Select Masters of the 
 several States and Territories of the United States, and the Councils under 
 their jurisdiction; The Grand Encampment of the United States; The Grand 
 Commanderies of the several States and Territories of the United States, and 
 the Commanderies under their jurisdiction; The Supreme Councils of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern and Southern Juris» 
 dictions of the United States, of which Henry L Palmer and Albert Pike 
 are M. P. Sov. Grand Commanders respectively, and the various Bodies 
 under their jurisdiction : 
 
 " Now, therefore, it is hereby declared that any Mason who is hereafter 
 admitted, in this jurisdiction, into any other Orders as Masonic, whether 
 called the Rite of Memphis or by any other name, is acting un-Masonically, 
 and for such conduct shall be liable to be expelled from all the rights and 
 privileges of Masonry, and shall be ineligible to membership or office in this 
 Grand Lodge.'' 
 
 The Sect. 25, which is an appendage, is as follows: — 
 
 " Section 25. Any Mason in this jurisdiction who shall hawk and sell 
 
124 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 any of the degrees, so called, hereinbefore forbidden, calling them degrees in 
 Masonry, may be expelled from all the rights and privileges of Masonry." 
 
 The amendment proposed by R. W. Bro. Welch is as follows : — 
 
 " Sect. 25. Any Mason in this jurisdiction who shall confer, communi- 
 cate or sell, or assist in conferring, communicating or selling, or solicit 
 any one to receive, or apply for, any so-called Masonic degree or degrees, 
 limited to Freemasons, not hereinbefore recognized or admitted, may be 
 expelled from all the rights and privileges of Masonry.'' 
 
 Thus it appears that this Grand Lodge of the Free and Accepted Masons 
 of Massachusetts, by Sect. 24, has determined there shall be no Masonic inter- 
 course held by its Fraternity and organization, with any Bodies or rites claim- 
 ing to be Masonic, whose regularity, legality, and Masonic quality have not 
 previously been accepted and confirmed by this Grand Lodge. 
 
 Neither Sect. 25, nor its proposed amendment, in any way modifies the 
 Constitutional doctrine of this Grand Lodge thus set out ; they merely relate 
 to the measure of punishment to be awarded for certain defined violations of 
 the will and pleasure of this Fraternity in Grand Lodge thus distinctly 
 declared. 
 
 As a general proposition it cannot be denied that any Brother of the 
 Fraternity who wilfully violates any Masonic injunction put upon him by 
 competent authority does act " un-iNIasonically," and that every one who 
 directly or indirectly aids and abets him in such wilful violation is equally 
 guilty of un-Masonic conduct. It is morally as offensive for a Mason of this 
 Fraternity to propagate and disseminate a forbidden thing among the Brethren, 
 as it is for one of them to receive it from him; and Freemasonry in its 
 general powers is competent to punish such offences. 
 
 The power and duty of the Grand Lodge to enforce obedience to its 
 Constitutions by Masonic punishment distinctly appears in Sect. 21, Part V. : — 
 
 " A Lodge or Brother offending against any law or regulation of the 
 Craft, or of this Grand Lodge, to the breach of which no penalty is attached, 
 shall, at the discretion of the Grand Lodge, be subject to admonition, 
 suspension, or expulsion." 
 
 This plain language must remove all doubt from every intelligent mind 
 of the power of this Grand Lodge to decree the measure of punishment that 
 shall be awarded for such a Masonic offence. 
 
 The intention of the party who violates a Masonic law ought to have 
 weight in awarding the due measure of punishment. It has in the criminal 
 laws of all nations, and Sect. 21, whilst it gives the sword of justice, also 
 enables the Grand Lodge to apply the attributes of mercy whenever there is 
 an honest claim for its exercise. 
 
 When obedience to the laws and regulations fails among the Craft, and 
 when the Grand Lodge irresolutely fails to enforce its authority, the Institu- 
 tion will become a rope of sand, and the decay of Freemasonry is at hand. 
 
 Your committee, in considering the Amendment and the circumstances 
 which led to its proposal, have thought that a brief review of the principles 
 and precedents for this authority, exercised by this Grand Lodge, would 
 inform the faithful of its solid grounds, and might enable those whose want 
 of such knowledge has made them the prey of designing misrepresentation. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 125 
 
 to recognize their false position towards the Craft, renounce their errors, 
 and return to their due allegiance to this Grand Lodge. 
 
 As far as we can learn, two grounds are urged on Masons to induce them 
 to disobey Section 24 of the Constitutions : that the Grand Lodge has no right 
 to meddle with other Bodies professing to be Masons, and no right to control 
 its Masons as to what other Bodies, professing to be Masons, they shall enter 
 or associate with; next, that if they violate the laws and regulations of this 
 Grand Lodge, no power to punish them exists. The error and evil tendency 
 of such opinions will be readily manifest. 
 
 The organization of Freemasonry has been the growth of ages. The 
 doctrines are kept true to their original purpose, and the benefits of Masonry 
 are exclusively reserved to those who have obtained its mysteries in a lawful 
 way and from a lawful source. Within a century and a half its organization 
 has spread into every nation professing to be civilized. A lawful Brother of a 
 legitimate Body of the Institution may go where he will, in foreign countries, 
 with the certainty that he will find Brethren of the Craft who will admit 
 his claims and reciprocate Masonic courtesy. This cosmopolitan Fraternity 
 is created through the Grand Lodges of the Craft in the several States and 
 nations recognizing and reciprocating with each other. The lawful Free- 
 masons of a political State have the Masonic right to form into a Grand 
 Lodge for that political State, and within it to possess the exclusive right 
 to practise Freemasonry and make laws for the government of the Craft at 
 home, and for controlling the intercourse of its Masons with those of foreign 
 countries, or of different Rites. 
 
 New Grand Lodges obtain a place in the Masonic Commonwealth by the 
 recognition of the previously existing Grand Lodges, that the applicant has 
 been lawfully organized in a territory which it was lawful for it to occupy, 
 and that it practises the legitimate ancient Masonry and performs its Masonic 
 duties. One quality of a Grand Lodge is its exclusive right to practise the 
 Rite in the territory for which it is recognized. 
 
 Recognition by other Grand Lodges involves as part of the Masonic 
 compact it implies : — 
 
 1. That the aspirant is recognized as the only sovereign power in that 
 territory. 
 
 2. That the recognizing powers will not hold intercourse with or counte- 
 nance any rival grand Body, or any rebellious schism against that Body, in 
 the territory. 
 
 3. That they are satisfied and admit the Masonry professed by the 
 aspirant is faithful to the landmarks, and lawfully acquired. 
 
 4. That the new Grand Lodge will not innovate on the Rite, that it will 
 respect and maintain the exclusive sovereignty of each of the recognizing 
 Bodies, and affiliate with none as Masons, of the territories of the other Grand 
 Lodges, who are not in full communication with the Grand Lodge thus recog- 
 nized as the exclusive Masonic authority for the territory its jurisdiction 
 includes. 
 
 F^emasonry is thus a Commonwealth of distinct Grand Lodges, pervad- 
 ing the earth in the exercise of its fraternity and charity among its legitimate 
 Brethren, bound together by solemn Masonic treaties. 
 
136 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RifE. 
 
 How is this made effectual, and how are lawful Brethren distinguished 
 from impostors or the unworthy? 
 
 It is by very much the same means as intercourse is kept up between 
 different nations, that is, by treaties recognizing each other as Sovereign 
 States, establishing amity between them. 
 
 There is a Law of Nations among Grand Lodges to respect tlie 
 exclusive territorial rights of each other, a system of guarantees against 
 invasions of their territorial rights, and against insurrection or spurious 
 and clandestine Masonry at home. 
 
 Where a Grand Lodge breaks its pledge or fails in its duty to another 
 Grand Lodge, the international remedies, of remonstrance, non-intercourse, 
 or withdrawal of the right hand of fellowship are the means, in the hands of 
 the offended and of impartial Grand Lodges, of censure, and compelling a 
 return of Masonic harmony. 
 
 The weapons of war, the cannon, the sword and the rifle, have no place 
 in our tactics. Like the congregational churches in their internal organiza- 
 tion, the extending of fellowship and the withdrawal of fellowship are the 
 sole means of securing harmony and union ; and among the Grand Lodges 
 have been the successful means. 
 
 Thus the Grand Lodges, as do the Executive and Senate of the nation, 
 perform the exclusive duty of regulating the foreign Masonic intercourse of 
 their Brethren, with those professing a Masonic character ; and whether its 
 decisions favor commerce or non-intercourse the members of the Fraternity 
 are bound by their loyalty to act on the subject-matter as its Grand Lodge 
 shall prescribe. 
 
 This great Commonwealth of Sovereign ]\Iasonic Bodies, this vast 
 Brotherhood of their respective members, fraternizing in the cause of 
 humanity, and the preservation of the purity of these solemn Masonic doc- 
 trines, teachings and rites, in every part of the world, necessarily depend on 
 the power and authority of each of the Grand Lodges to act beyond its own 
 Lodges, and beyond its own territorial limits, on other than its own Masons, 
 and also on its own Masons in their relations to other Bodies or societies or 
 persons professing to be Masonic, whether at home or abroad, alike to 
 acknowledge or denounce their pretensions, and to permit or forbid its 
 m.embers to hold Masonic intercourse therewith. 
 
 The Revolutionary Carbonari and Forestieri were denounced as 
 un-Masonic. 
 
 This does not interfere with the civil and religious associations and 
 liberty of a Mason ; it leaves these as the Old Charges left them ; but. as in 
 this Great Republic, whose flag our Craftsmen helped to plant among the 
 national emblems of civilization and go^-ernment, every citizen must be faithful 
 to this government, who made him its citizen, in his relation to all others, so 
 the Freemason in Masonic matters has pledged his allegiance to the Craft 
 which made him a Mason, and must take his guidance from its Grand Lodge 
 in Masonic matters. 
 
 Referring to the history of this Grand Lodge, these various powers have 
 been so frequently called into action that it would be too tedious to cite every 
 example; a few illustrations must suffice. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 12'}' 
 
 In 1802, and for years after, on the title-page of our Annual Proceedings, 
 this Grand Lodge styled itself as " in union with the Grand Lodges of Europe 
 and America." A year or two after that we find a communication from the 
 Grand Lodge of England, notifying us of a Masonic impostor in England 
 v/ith a forged Charter, and warning this Grand Lodge against crediting him 
 or the Charter. She also styled herself in the Preamble as " in union with 
 the Grand Lodges of Europe and America.'' 
 
 RECOGNITIONS OR REFUSALS BY THE GRAND LODGE 
 OF MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 1849. This Grand Lodge, in 1849, when examining the dissensions of 
 the Craft of New York as to regularity declared, " A Grand Lodge legally 
 formed and organized has, from high antiquity, ample right to bear Masonic 
 rule over those subject to its jurisdiction.'' 
 
 Its resolutions recognized the Grand Lodge over which John D. Willard 
 presided, and further declared, " That we will continue to hold fraternal 
 communication with that Body, and with no other claiming similar authority 
 in that State." 
 
 In 1851, the St. John's Grand Lodge subsided into the Grand Lodge 
 of New York. 
 
 1853. The Grand Lodge of Massachusetts denounced as illegal and 
 spurious the following organizations in New York : — 
 
 1. The Phillips Grand Lodge. 
 
 2. St. John's Revived Grand Lodge. 
 
 3. Hamburg Grand Lodge. 
 
 4. Two spurious Bodies of tlie Scottish Rite, namely : 
 
 St. John's, No. 18, and La Sincerite, No. 2 ; including in all, so far as 
 it was informed, twenty=nine unlawful Lodges. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Massachusetts adopted llso protective measures to 
 enforce the non-intercourse between its Brethren and them : — 
 
 1. Not to receive any New York visitors who have not a certificate 
 from the recognized Grand Lodge that the visitor was regularly made under 
 its authority ; that he is now in regular standing as a Mason ; that he is no 
 schismatic or disturber of the harmony of the Craft, but true to his allegiance 
 and obedient to the Grand Lodge of New York. 
 
 2. Any Mason made in an irregular Lodge must bring a certificate from 
 the lawful Grand Lodge that he has been lawfully "healed" and obligated; 
 that he is now in good and honorable repute and standing as a Mason, 
 obedient to the laws, and acknowledging the jurisdiction and supreme 
 authority of the aforesaid lawful Grand Lodge of New York. 
 
 3. The Lodges of Massachusetts, under penalty of forfeiture of Charter, 
 are forbidden to receive as visitors, or hold Masonic intercourse with, any 
 persons hailing from New York who do not furnish evidence as above required 
 of their present regularity and good standing as Masons. 
 
 Without going into the details, we should state that every Grand 
 Lodge in the Union, with one exception, acted in the same way as the 
 Grand Lodge of Massachusetts did toward the Insurgent and clandestine 
 
128 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 opposition to the exclusive authority of the Grand Lodge of New York, 
 and refused Masonic intercourse with its opposers. 
 
 The exceptional Grand Lodge withheld its opinion, and offered to 
 mediate, if all parties would agree to abide by its decision, which they 
 vjould not do. 
 
 1856. Canada. — Massachusetts refused to recognize the so-called Grand 
 Lodge of Canada, and voted that " the Lodges and individual Brethren under 
 this jurisdiction are hereby strictly forbidden to hold any Masonic com- 
 munication with said illegal Body, or with any Lodge, or any individual 
 having any connection therewith." 
 
 Massachusetts recognized the authority of the Louisiana Grand 
 Lodge in the denunciation of the spurious Scottish Masonry of Foulhouze 
 in that State, whom she expelled as un-J\Iasonic from her Lodges whilst and 
 when she recognized the Grand Consistory of the Southern jurisdiction of the 
 United States over the Scottish Rite in that State, and in 1869 declared the 
 Foulhouze Body " a spurious and non-Masonic Body, and that no person 
 claiming to be made a Mason through its authority has any right to claim 
 the fraternal privileges of Freemasonry." 
 
 1865. The Grand Orient of Portugal — Count de Paraty, 33° — was 
 officially recognized by the Grand Master. 
 
 1867. Recognition of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, and after of New 
 Brunswick. The former had before been refused because it violated the 
 vested right of another Grand Lodge; but, after remedying this, it was 
 accepted. 
 
 Canada. — Twice, long troubles about the recognition. 
 
 1875. Italy. — Numerous difficulties. We refused to recognize seceding 
 Lodges in Palermo, Tuscany, etc. We denounced their recognizing spurious 
 Grand Lodges in the United States. 
 
 1869. This Grand Lodge reviewed, and again declared the so=called 
 "Supreme Council of Louisiana, established by one Foulhouze in the 
 territory of the Southern jurisdiction of the United States," a spurious 
 non^Masonic Body, and that no person claiming to be made a Mason through 
 its authority has any right to claim the fraternal privileges of Freemasonry. 
 The Supreme Councils of the Southern and Northern jurisdictions had also 
 declared this Body " spurious and impostors " ; so also had the Grand Lodge 
 of Louisiana. 
 
 1876. Ontario. — This Grand Lodge declared that a Body calling itself 
 the Grand Lodge of Ontario was a " spurious Body," and refused it 
 recognition. This refusal was twice repeated. 
 
 1878. New South Wales. — This Grand Lodge, on the remonstrance of 
 the Grand Lodge of Scotland, after examination, refused to recognize this 
 so-called Grand Lodge, and still refuses. 
 
 1882. Colon. — This Grand Lodge refused to recognize any other Grand 
 Lodge in Cuba than the United Grand Lodge of Colon and the Island of Cuba. 
 
 The Grand Orient of Spain, whose Grand Master was Juan Antonio 
 Perez, was denounced as illegitimate, and unrecognized by this Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 This Juan Antonio Perez is the head also of the so°called Supreme 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 129 
 
 Council of Spain, which is unrecognized by the Northern and Southern 
 Supreme Councils here. 
 
 1861. This Qrand Lodge recognized the Qrand Lodge of Chili as the 
 supreme head of Scottish Masonry in that Republic, and directed its own 
 Lodges there to so recognize it and reciprocate with it. 
 
 In 1872, after ten years' experience, it repeated the recognition, and at 
 the same time said that the rites and government were too different for the 
 York Lodges to merge into that Grand Lodge ; in 1882 this was still in force. 
 
 There are several instances where this Grand Lodge has denounced 
 spurious and clandestine Masonry attempted to be started in this jurisdiction, 
 and forbidden any Masonic intercourse with- its members. Prince Hall's 
 successors have frequently been declared " spurious and clandestine," and 
 other Grand Lodges have backed up our declaration. 
 
 Androgynous Masonry has three times been declared un-Masonic by 
 Grand Masters. Gardner, G. M., said, " They stand before the enlightened 
 Craft either as traitors or impostors." Your committee cite these instances, 
 among an infinitely greater number equally in point, that less experienced 
 Brethren may see that the powers of this Grand Lodge to declare wh^^ 
 societies shall be recognized as Masonic by the Brethren of this jurisdiction, 
 and who shall be excluded from their Masonic intercourse, are as old as our 
 Provincial days. The same authority has been held by the other Grand 
 Lodges of the states and nations of the world. 
 
 Without making any general search we cite the following sample 
 instances : — ■ 
 
 1795' Pennsylvania Grand Lodge, then working all the York degrees, 
 blue and chapter, put down a Grand Chapter started by one Molan, denounced 
 it as spurious, and took away three warrants of Lodges concerned in it. 
 
 1798. The Grand Lodge established her own Grand Chapter. 
 
 In England and Ireland Chapter Masonry has been and continues under 
 the control of the Grand Lodge. At the union of 1813 the two Grand Lodges, 
 Ancients and Moderns, both recognized the Royal Arch degree as a lawful 
 part and completion of Craft Masonry. They had both practised it before. 
 They also recognized Templar MalSonry. 
 
 Ireland recognizes the Scottish Rite directly; so, Mr. Hughan thinks, 
 does England. 
 
 Ireland prohibits, as unlawful, all assemblies of Freemasons in Ireland, 
 under any title whatever, purporting to be Masonic, not held by virtue of a 
 Warrant or Constitution from the Grand Lodge, or from one of the Masonic 
 Grand Bodies, recognized by and acting in Masonic union with it. 
 
 1876. The Grand Lodge of Scotland informed the Provincial Grand 
 Master of New Zealand that it did not recognize the Grand Orient of Egypt, 
 and directed him to discountenance the Lodges it had formed in New Zealand, 
 and warn the Lodges under his jurisdiction from having anything to do with 
 it. (The Grand Orient of Egypt dabbled in the Rite of Memphis.) 
 
 1858. Louisiana Qrand Lodge declared herself the governing power 
 of Symbolic Masonry in that State; recognised the Grand Consistory of the 
 Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the World, as a lawful 
 Masonic Body ; denounced all who refused obedience within this juris- 
 
130 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 diction to tlie Grand Lodge, and expelled all wlio adhered to Foulhouze's 
 Council, including their own Qrand Secretary. 
 
 1875. Wisconsin refused to recognize the Grand Orient of Hungary, 
 or a Grand Lodge in the Indian Territory. 
 
 1853. Ohio. — Resolved that any Bother conferring the so-called side 
 degrees is in all cases a proper subject of Masonic discipline, and Bro. Carson 
 says this stands to this day effectually. 
 
 1857 ^i^d earlier. Mississippi. — The Constitutions forbid the holding of 
 A'lasonic communication with any Mason residing in Louisiana, unless upon 
 sufficient proof that he belongs to a Lodge under the authority of the Grand 
 Lodge of Louisiana, and upon proof that he does not belong to, or hold any 
 communication with, any Lodge working in that State under authority not 
 derived from the Grand Lodge, or the members or initiates of such Lodge. 
 
 1853. North Carolina passed similar resolutions as to Louisiana Masons. 
 
 1856. Vermont. — The Grand JMaster and the Grand Lodge refused to 
 recognize a Mason made in a clandestine Lodge in Massachusetts, not recog- 
 nized by this Grand Lodge, or permit him to visit or be received Masonically 
 in that State. 
 
 1849. Maryland recognized expulsions by the Grand Chapter for moral 
 offences, and enforced them in her Lodges. 
 
 1875. Wisconsin. — Her Constitution provided, "The conferring in any 
 Lodge of what is known as side degrees is forbidden." The Grand Master 
 refused to permit Eastern Star degrees to be conferred, and th& Grand Lodge 
 approved, and directed him stringently to enforce the Constitution and laws 
 against " side degrees." 
 
 i860. Missisippi denounced the French degree of " Louveton " or 
 Masonic baptism, as un-ilasonic. 
 
 1866. In the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, March 5, on the recom- 
 mendation of the Committee on Landmarks , it was resolved, " That no 
 member of the Masonic Fraternity under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge 
 of Pennsylvania has the right to visit any assemblage or collection of indi- 
 viduals claiming to be Masons, when such assemblage or meeting is not 
 sanctioned by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, and that any communion or 
 Masonic intercourse with such clandestine assemblage or meeting is a plain, 
 palpable, and flagrant violation of the most solemn duties and obligations of 
 the Craft." 
 
 The next resolution directed all thereafter violating this to be brought 
 to trial and expelled. 
 
 1876. Pennsj-lvania Committee on Landmarks reported that Masonic 
 recognition be withheld from the Grand Orients of France, Egypt, and others, 
 including the Lodge of Memphis. 
 
 1883. Pennsylvania Grand Lodge, March 14, recalled to the attention of 
 the Fraternity her decision of 1866. The following is the language of the 
 Grand Master : " In view of the fact that certain persons are endeavoring to 
 introduce within the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge certain Orders, Rites, 
 Degrees, Mystic Shrines, with their ceremonies and ritual, claiming to be 
 Masonic, I fraternally call your attention to the decision of this Grand Lodge 
 as adopted March 5, 1866, on the recommendation of the Committee on 
 Landmarks, as follows" — (See quotation above.) 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 131 
 
 Sometimes, too, has our own Grand Lodge, for cause, withdrawn its 
 recognition of another Masonic Body, as in the case of the Grand Orient of 
 France. 
 
 We find, also, other Masonic Bodies exercising these powers; as, the 
 Qrand Chapter of Wisconsin in 1868 ; the Knights Templar of that State 
 in 1859 ; the Commandery of Ohio denouncing Bodies whose legality they 
 denied, and forbidding any Council or Commandery to receive any candi= 
 date or visitor who, in any manner or in any way, is concerned in such 
 clandestine degrees, and that no person shall be installed into any office 
 under the jurisdiction who is in any way connected with such clandes= 
 tine degrees. 
 
 The Grand Chapter of Wisconsin, after recognizing the Masonic char- 
 acter of the same Bodies that this Grand Lodge does by Sect. 24, denounces 
 the Rite of Memphis and all irregular degrees, prohibits all Royal Arch 
 Masons from holding Masonic intercourse with any Companion who has 
 received or shall receive such Rite of Memphis or other degrees, until he 
 withdraws therefrom in open Chapter, and provides no action shall be taken 
 on the petition of any Master Mason who holds such degrees, or refuses to 
 renounce them in writing. 
 
 In Ohio, the Grand Commandery, in its Constitutions of 1868, prohibits 
 its members from receiving or holding to degrees conferred as Masonic by 
 any Bodies other than those named in Section 24, Part V. of our Constitutions ; 
 and this, too, under pain of expulsion. 
 
 The recognized Supreme Councils of the two jurisdictions in the 
 United States early in this century decided to admit none into their Rite, 
 who had not passed the degrees that are taught by this Qrand Lodge, and 
 in this jurisdiction and elsewhere have loyally abided by this standard 
 test of Freemasonry for its ranks. 
 
 After these, which are but a few of the hundreds of illustrations that 
 might be arrayed, the clamorous assertion that no such power exists to pass 
 on the Masonic pretensions of other Bodies who, or whose members, seek 
 intercourse with the Brethren this Grand Lodge represents, or to restrain it'; 
 Masons from intercourse with Bodies which it holds to be clandestine, 
 spurious, or hostile, comes either from deplorable ignorance of Freemasonry, 
 or from a desire to deceive unwary Masons and debauch their integrity. 
 
 This Qrand Lodge, in the exercise of its usual powers to avert an 
 impending evil, inserted an Article in its Constitutions forbidding any 
 Mason under its authority from taking or receiving Masonic degrees in 
 this jurisdiction, from any Order, Rite, Society, or persons, professing 
 to be Masonic, not having been admitted by the Qrand Lodge to confer 
 them on Masons of its jurisdiction. 
 
 The Constitutions of the Grand Lodge at that time expressly declared 
 (Part I., Article IV.) "The Grand Lodge, as the Supreme Masonic authority 
 in this Commonwealth, is invested with certain original, essential, and unalter- 
 able powers and privileges. Among these is the power of (l) enacting laws 
 and regulations for the governing of the Craft, and of altering, repealing, 
 and abrogating them ; (2) the inherent power of investigating, regulating, 
 and deciding all matters relative to the Craft or to particular Lodges, or 
 individual brothers; (3) of expelling Brethren." 
 
132 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 It was her lawful duty to preserve the peace and protect Masonry in her 
 jurisdiction from pollution. The method adopted, of prohibiting all species 
 of Masonic intercourse with the excluded objects and persons, was an effec- 
 tive and usual Masonic way of accomplishing its purpose. Such regulations 
 were in the interest of her own Craft. Who can doubt that Blue Lodges will 
 be benefited by a more thorough concentration of the energies and generosity 
 of their members, or that the policy of cultivating other -degrees at the 
 expense of Blue Masonry ought to have a limit? The Grand Lodge did 
 not doubt it, and she made a limit. A policy of shutting the eyes and folding 
 the arms would let tares and cheats thrive among the wheat and choke the 
 good plants. The Grand Lodge acted to preserve Masonry and prevent 
 chaos. Shall the Grand Lodge renounce the arms with which it has hitherto 
 protected Freemasonry? Can it be denied that if the Grand Lodge had 
 allowed the caprices of individuals to multiply what each may be pleased to 
 invent and call " higher degrees " at their pleasure, and engraft them upon 
 the substructure and foundation of Blue Masonry, the Grand Lodge and its 
 Masonry would soon fall into contempt and neglect; that piratical invasions 
 of the exclusive rights of those Bodies -with whom she had long lived in 
 peace and amity would be encouraged; and that Freemasonry, now prosperous 
 and popular, might become an abomination to civilized and peaceful society? 
 
 Who shall protect Masonry when the Grand Lodges refuse to protect 
 it? This Grand Lodge, by a vote of three hundred and nineteen to 
 twenty=eight, adopted Section 24 into her Constitutions, and the intelli- 
 gent and faithful Blue Masons of this jurisdiction have acknowledged 
 its wisdom, and bowed to its authority. 
 
 Your committee have been pained to learn that a few Brethren, from 
 ignorance of Masonic law, or some defect of character, persist in giving per- 
 sonal aid, comfort or support to the spreading among the Masons of Massa- 
 chusetts of the rites, societies, etc., condemned by the Grand Lodge, and 
 claim that it is not contrary to their Masonic duty to his Grand Lodge, nor 
 punishable under its authority for one so to do. They do not deny that the 
 objects they aim to propagate here are forbidden by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 We have carefully examined these pretenses to paralyze the authority of 
 this Grand Lodge. They do not spring from any recognized relation of 
 speculative Masonry to the Grand Lodges. It is a new rendering of Political 
 Nullification, applied to define the relation of a Mason to the Grand Lodge 
 which has made or accepted him. It denies he is bound by its laws, and 
 claims that he may nullify any of the laws at his pleasure and retain all 
 his prior rights and standing in the Fraternity; that he shall construe at his 
 own pleasure the laws, and recognize and promote any alien rites as Masonic 
 among the Brethren. As to the idea of any restraint on such liberty, its 
 assertions amount substantially to a claim that the Grand Lodge can neither 
 protect its Freemasonry among the Brethren, exclude error, enforce its 
 recognitions or exclusions of other Bodies, nor restrain individuals from 
 entangling it with strange heresies, or from applying it to disgraceful or 
 profane purposes. 
 
 A moment's reflection will show all this plainly applies to one part of 
 the Constitutions as well as to another, and, if true. Masonry has no govern- 
 ment, commands no obedience, enforces no landmarks, and exercises no con- 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 133 
 
 trol over individuals of its Fraternity. The Grand Lodge must look the 
 bearing of all this on the Craft right in the face, and say whether it will 
 maistain the Freemasonry of the Constitutions, with its recognized powers 
 of discipline, and control of intercourse with other Bodies claiming to be 
 Masonic, that for a century and more it has freely exercised ; whether its 
 twenty-five thousand Masons, whose sovereignty it embodies, shall be baited 
 and defied with impunity within its own organization by a handful of 
 " schismatics and disturbers.'' 
 
 Your committee are satisfied that these pretences for the lawfulness of 
 disobedience, put forth as apologies for maintaining spurious Bodies, are 
 utterly unconstitutional and un-Masonic. 
 
 Through our organizations the Qrand Lodges actually give, to those 
 they receive and accept into the Fraternity , valuable and honorable social 
 privileges, well known throughout the world, and highly esteemed by 
 worthy men everywhere. 
 
 The Constitutions, and the precedents of this and our sister Grand 
 Lodges, show their organization embodies exclusive authority in each juris- 
 diction over the Craftsmen, with full powers to regulate intercourse and 
 repel intrusion. 
 
 Every Mason admitted to enjoy the benefits and privileges of the 
 Craft takes them with the obligation to conform to the laws, rules, and 
 regulations of the Qrand Lodge under whose authority he was made or 
 is sojourning ; and there is no personal right in a Mason to nullify or ad° 
 here to its laws at his own pleasure, and still remain in good standing in 
 the Craft, enjoying its benefits and social privileges. 
 
 Where a Mason sins by inadvertence and repents, the Grand Lodge has 
 power to heal and forgive ; but there is no privilege for disobedience or 
 un-Masonic conduct secured to him whilst he remains a Mason in this State. 
 
 Let this Grand Lodge imagine a candidate for the rights and benefits 
 of Freemasonry loudly proclaiming that he reserves to himself the ex= 
 elusive right of obeying such laws as he pleases and disregarding others, 
 and of holding fraternal intercourse with clandestine, expelled, and bogus 
 Masons, when and where he chooses, without thereby impairing or for- 
 feiting his right to the privileges and protection of the Fraternity ! If 
 he cannot gain entrance on these terms, how can they be his right after 
 admission? No. The obligations and responsibilities of Freemasonry 
 go hand in hand with the title to its benefits. 
 
 The citations already made show that the care of the Masonic fellow- 
 ship of its Fraternity with other Bodies is one of the exalted and important 
 duties pertaining to Grand Lodges, and extends to their relations with Bodies 
 both within and without the territory. 
 
 Massachusetts, whilst exercising this power according to her discretion, 
 has, where she has recognized another Masonic Body in the State, still 
 claimed her own sovereignty over its Blue Masons, — "Constitutions, Art. 4: 
 Expulsion from a Chapter or Templar Encampment shall not carry with it 
 expulsion from a Lodge." 
 
 After the Grand Lodge had drawn the line of its Masonic recognitions 
 in the jurisdiction, was it loyal conduct in a Mason to assist in working 
 the forbidden degrees in her territory, or in prociiring recruits for them 
 
134 . THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 from among her Fraternity ? Was it Masonic for a Mason to lead a weak 
 Brother into an act pnnishable with expulsion ? Was it loyal to strengthen 
 inroads the Grand Lodge sought to repel? In the obedience of citizens 
 to a civil government the law calls similar acts conspiracy and treason. 
 In relation to church covenants like acts are heresy and schism. What 
 do our Constitutions say? 
 
 Part S, Sect. 21, says, a Lodge or Brother ofifending against any law 
 or regulation of this Grand Lodge to the breach of. which no penalty is 
 attached, shall, at the discretion of the Grand Lodge, be subject to admonition, 
 suspension, or expulsion. 
 
 Sect. 4. Any Lodge may take cognizance of a sojourning Brother on 
 a charge of un-Masonic conduct. 
 
 Part I, Art. 4. The Grand Lodge is invested with an unalterable power 
 to enact laws for the governing of the Craft, etc., the inherent power of 
 investigating, regulating, and deciding all matters relative to the Craft, or to 
 particular Lodges, or to individual Brothers, — the exclusive power of expul- 
 sion. 
 
 The Blue Masons, members of the Bodies recognized as legitimate, admit 
 they are personally subject to the laws of the Grand Lodge. The treason- 
 able pretensions to treat her duty to regulate Freemasons in Freemasonry 
 as a nullity are set up only by those who lately have espoused the cause 
 of the outlawed Bodies or degrees. Those of the Craft who remain Blue 
 Masons only, have no interest to destroy the authority of the Grand Lodge 
 over Freemasonry, in order that self-asserting mystic degrees may pervert 
 Masonry to their own pleasures. They have too often wielded the 
 powers of the Grand Lodge against interlopers, schismatics, and disturbers 
 in Masonic matters to lay down the authority by which the purity of the 
 rites and the morals of the Craft have been successfully preserved through 
 many trials and many years. 
 
 The Grand Lodge, when it adopted Section 24, evidently in view of other 
 Constitutional clauses, deemed a description of the ways offences might arise 
 against the Section as unnecessary as it would be to define the methods in 
 which a Mason can violate the moral law. 
 
 Those who have taken the forbidden degrees in this jurisdiction, in viola- 
 tion of Section 24, cannot plead ignorance of the law, nor protect themselves 
 from the consequences they have willfully called down unless they can satisfy 
 the Grand Lodge that they deserve mercy. 
 
 The class of offences referred to in the Amendment of R. W. Bro. Welch 
 to Section 25 is incident to efforts by Brethren to keep the clandestine and 
 outlawed Bodies at work in this jurisdiction and the soliciting of recruits for 
 them from among the Fraternity. The Sect. 25, as it now exists, describes 
 the chief actors' offence, hawking and peddling such degrees. The offences 
 described in the Amendment are now, in our opinion, violations of the 24th 
 and other sections of the Constitutions, because they relate to aid in con- 
 ferring a forbidden rite, and to soliciting candidates for it among Masons 
 of this jurisdiction. 
 
 We incline to think those few who already have exposed themselves to 
 Masonic discipline in this matter may in most cases candidly claim ignorance 
 as the cause rather than an evil will. To prevent future error rising from 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 135 
 
 ignorance amongst Brethren now faithful, the plain statement is made, 
 that maintaining the propagation of the forbidden rites in the jurisdic- 
 tion involves, on all who aid or abet therein, the loss of the fraternal 
 privileges of Freemasonry. 
 
 The amendment proposed by R.W.P.G.M. Welch accomplishes this pur- 
 pose. It also has a further advantage: it plainly declares that Sect. 24 and 
 this section are directed against those who in this jurisdiction, without the 
 consent of this Grand Lodge, meddle with '' any Masonic degree or degrees 
 limited to Freemasons"; thus conclusively showing that the Grand Lodge 
 in this action is regulating Masonic intercourse only, and that the prohibi- 
 tion does not relate to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights 
 of Honor, and other societies somewhat of that class, which are not limited 
 in their admission and membership to Freemasons. 
 
 The perspicuity which it gives the whole subject your committee think 
 quite desirable. It is true the Grand Lodge when executing Sect. 24 would 
 doubtless define as the Amendment proposes ; but it will avoid any miscon- 
 struction among the Brethren to say it plainly now. We recommend its 
 adoption without amendment. 
 
 Chas. Levi Woodbury, 
 Edward Avery, 
 A. H. HowLAND, Jr., 
 RuFus G. Brown, 
 Cassius Clay Powers, 
 Committee. 
 
 The report was accepted, and Past Grand Master Coolidge moved the 
 adoption of the Amendment. He expressed the opinion that it would carry 
 with it the conclusive settlement of the matter in question, and clearly 
 indicate what the Grand Lodge intends to do and to enforce ; he hoped it 
 would meet the general, if not the unanimous, approval of the Brethren 
 present. 
 
 There appearing to be no disposition to discuss the subject, the Grand 
 Master ordered the roll to be called, and the following was the result : — 
 Whole number of votes, 403 
 
 Of which two-thirds would be, 269 
 
 The yeas were : 40 officers, 40 
 
 18 Permanent Members, 18 
 
 95 Lodges, 3 votes, 285 
 
 2 " 2 " 4 
 
 4 " I vote, 4 
 
 The nays were : 1 Permanent Member, i 
 
 14 Lodges, 3 votes, 42 
 
 4 " 2 " 8 
 
 I Lodge, I vote. i 
 
 351 
 
 52 
 
 403 
 The M. W. Grand Master declared that the Amendment, having received 
 more than the necessary two-thirds vote, was adopted. 
 
EXTRACTS FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 AT THE QUARTERLY COMMUNICATION 
 HELD MARCH J2, 1902, ON 
 
 GRAND LODGE SOVEREIGNTY 
 
 "Your Committee believe . . . that the Grand Lodge has the right to declare what 
 Masonry is, and what Bodies it will admit to be regular and duly constituted Masonic 
 Bodies, entitled to confer the Degrees of Masonry In this Jurisdiction." 
 
 The Massachusetts Grand Lodge proposed to exercise in its sphere 
 all the rights which its mother Grand Lodge (which was the Grand Lodge 
 not of England, but of Scotland) exercised in hers. 
 
 The rights of the Grand Lodge in regard to all legislation are expressed 
 in the opening clause of Article XXXIX. of the Ancient Constitutions as 
 adopted in 1721, and published by Anderson in 1723 : 
 
 " Every Annual Grand-Lodge has an inherent Power and Authority to 
 make new Regulations, or to alter these, for the real Benefit of this ancient 
 Fraternity: Provided always that the old Land-Marks be carefully pre- 
 served." 
 
 There is a clause in this same Article XXXIX. to which your committee 
 will refer later. For the present it is sufficient to say that in this declaration 
 of those who composed the Grand Lodge of England in 1721, and in the 
 assumption of the rights and privileges of sovereignty by the Massachusetts 
 Grand Lodge in 1782, rests the right of our Grand Lodge to make its own 
 particular regulations and to govern the Craft in this jurisdiction. 
 
 It is specified in the Ancient Constitutions that the old Landmarks shall 
 be carefully preserved. As to what the Landmarks are, probably no two 
 Masonic writers are in exact accord. 
 
 Dr. Qeo. Oliver, a voluminous writer from 1823 to 1867, says in his Dic- 
 tionary of Symbolic Masonry that " some restrict them to the O B, signs, 
 tokens and words ; others include the ceremonies of initiation, passing and 
 raising ; and the form, dimensions and support ; the ground, situation and 
 covering; the ornaments, furniture and jewels of a Lodge, or their char- 
 acteristic symbols. Some think that the order has no Landmarks beyond its 
 peculiar secrets." 
 
 Albert Q,Mackey, the American lexicographer of Masonry, says in his 
 Encyclopedia that until the year 1858 no attempt had been made by any 
 Masonic writer to distinctly enumerate the Landmarks, and to distinctly 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 137 
 
 give them a comprehensible form. At that time he prepared a list of what he 
 considered the Landmarks, twenty-five in number. These have been widely- 
 accepted, but are not agreed to in full by later writers. 
 
 Josiah H. Drummond, Past Grand Master of Maine, says in his "Jurispru- 
 dence," first published in 1877: "It is safe to conclude that.no one of the 
 attempts [at enumeration] is a success. The very definition of Landmarks 
 shows that an enumeration of them is scarcely possible. A Landmark is a law 
 or custom of the Fraternity that has existed ' from a time whereof the memory 
 of man runneth not to the contrary.' If a Landmark was originally enacted as 
 a law, the time when, as well as the fact of the enactment, are not known. 
 All we can know is that it is a law or a custom that has existed from time 
 immemorial. We may be making Landmarks no"w ; if any universal usage 
 exists that has existed so long that its origin is unknown, it is a Landmark. 
 It has been said that the Landmarks are the unwritten law of Masonry; 
 but this is not correct ; for landmarks are found in the Ancient Charges. 
 Indeed, the only evidence that some customs are Landmarks is the fact that 
 they are mentioned as such in the earliest publications in relation to Free- 
 masonry. The Landmarks cannot be repealed or changed. That they are 
 sometimes infringed upon is doubtless true. But any enactment in violation 
 of a Landmark is void, by whatever authority it is made. All Masons agree 
 in this; and the practical difficulty is, that one denies that to be a Landmark 
 which another affirms is one.'' 
 
 The Ancient Charges are generally esteemed as Landmarks, but these 
 are not to be followed literally, for, while they " set forth the obligations 
 of a Mason, in respect to God and Religion, to the Civil Magistrate, to the 
 Lodge, to those in official position, to the Craft, to the family and to the 
 community,'' they contain matters of regulation which, however apposite they 
 were to the form of civil government under which our Brethren of the 17th 
 and i8th centuries dwelt, can hardly be considered of binding force to-day. 
 This is especially true of the Fourth Charge relating to the Lodge, and to 
 the qualifications of a Grand Master, and it is worthy of note, that while this 
 Charge speaks of the Apprentice, who may be " made a Brother and then a 
 Fellow Craft in due time, even after he has served such a term of years as 
 the custom of the country directs," there is no mention of a higher degree, 
 and the word Master when it occurs in this Charge refers only to the Master 
 of a Lodge, who may not become such until he has served as a Warden, and 
 " no Brother can be a Warden until he has passed the part of a Fellow 
 Craft." 
 
 No one to-day knows with certainty what the limitations of Ancient 
 Craft Masonry were. From an Address by Worshipful C. James Todd, 
 Master of Kingston Lodge, Hull, England, are taken the following extracts 
 which bear upon this subject : 
 
 " Prior to 1717, when the first Grand Lodge of England was established, 
 the form of Ritual in existence was of a very simple character indeed. 
 . . So simple, it is believed, was it, that it is questionable whether 
 there was more than one Ceremony, viz. : that of Initiation. The degree of 
 Fellow Craft had at this time, I am inclined to think, no separate Ceremony, 
 but was conferred on a Brother as a matter of course after a certain period 
 
 (10) 
 
138 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 of probation. The degree of Master Mason, as we now practise it, seems 
 to have been of later creation, for although we find it stated in the General 
 Regulations of 1721 that Entered Apprentices had to be admitted Masters 
 and Fellow Crafts in Grand Lodge, and there only, except by dispensation — 
 yet, at this time, so far as I can discover, the Master's Degree appears to 
 have been a creation of the new Grand Lodge, and an honorary degree only. 
 . When the present Master Mason's Degree was first instituted, 1 
 am unable to say." 
 
 Practically the same statement is made by Mackey in his Encyclopedia. 
 Bro. Todd goes on to say : 
 
 "Bro. D. Murray Lyon (the author of the history of the Mother Kil- 
 winning Lodge), in writing to the F. M. Magazine in 1868, says there is 
 no mention of any Fellow of the Lodge (the Kilwinning) having before 
 1741 been dignified with the title of Master Mason." 
 
 The lectures of the degrees, it is known, have been changed repeatedly. 
 
 It cannot then be considered certain that the division into the three 
 degrees antedated the Ancient Constitutions. If the degrees existed the 
 lines of division between them were not clearly marked and they have since 
 been modified. 
 
 Mackey, treating of the " Revival of Masonry,'' says : 
 
 " That he (Buchan) is right in his theory that the three degrees of 
 Master, Fellow Craft and Apprentice were unknown to the Masons of the 
 17th century, and that these classes existed only as gradations of rank, 
 will be very generally admitted. But there is unquestionable evidence that 
 the modes of recognition, the method of government, the legends and much 
 of the ceremonial of initiation were in existence among the Operative Masons 
 of the Middle Ages, and were transmitted to the Speculative Masons of the 
 iSth century. The Masonic system of the present day has been the result 
 of a slow but steady growth." 
 
 There is positive evidence that in addition to what it now includes, the 
 legend of the Royal Arch was once a part of the Third Degree and has been 
 dissevered from it, and the definition of Ancient Craft Masonry adopted by 
 the Grand Lodge of England at the union of 1813 made it consist of three 
 degrees " including the Holy Royal Arch." 
 
 In this country the first three degrees only are now conferred under the 
 authority of the Grand Lodges, and they are called Symbolic Degrees, 
 because their prominent means of instruction is by the use of symbols. The 
 degrees of the Chapter are styled Capitular, from the name of the organiza- 
 tion, and the degrees of the Council are the Cryptic, so called from the 
 crypt or vault, which plays an important part in their ritual. How much of the 
 degrees from the fourthto the ninth inclusive originaliyj-belonged to the first three is 
 a matter of question. 
 
 It has been suggested that by a natural process of selection, the explana- 
 tion and application of the uses of the symbols of Operative Masonry, as 
 being the simplest form of conveying instruction, were retained in the Lodge, 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 139 
 
 with enough of the unwritten legends of the Order to bind the lectures upon 
 these symbols together, and that the other degrees were formulated to 
 perpetuate such other unwritten legends as might, with lapse of time, pass 
 out from human memory. All indicated their Masonic origin and intimate 
 connection by the employment of the tools and implements of Operative 
 Masonry in their symbolism. 
 
 Most Worshipful William S. Gardner, Grand Master, said in 1871, after 
 certain comments upon the ritual of the first three degrees : 
 
 " It would also have been pleasant to have given some account of all the grades and 
 degrees which from time to time have been held and governed by our Grand Lodge. 
 Moses Michael Hays was elevated to the position of Grand Master (1788), for the express 
 purpose of consolidating in the Grand Lodge all the high grades, powers and sovereign 
 rights which this distinguished Mason brought with him from Europe. Indeed, during his 
 administration, a Lodge of Perfection was chartered. I know of no grade in Masonry 
 known to him, including those of the Royal Arch and of the Temple, which at some time 
 have not been domiciled in the bosom of our Grand Lodge." 
 
 IS IT TO BE SAID, AFTER THIS, THAT "THERE ARE NO MASONIC DEGREES BUT 
 THOSE OF ENTERED APPRENTICE, FELLOW CRAFT, AND MASTER MASON ?" . . . 
 
 But those who are building upon the foundationsof Ancient Craft Masonry are interested 
 above all others in seeing that those foundations are carefully preserved. Upon the 
 integrfty of Masonry of the Symbolic Lodge ("epends the future of all its allies. Dissent, 
 subversion and innovation can never destroy the Masonry of the Lodge without involving 
 the whole edifice in a common ruin. . . . 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF IRELAND 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF IRELAND resolved, February i, 1844, that it strictly 
 prohibits as unlawful all assemblies of Freemasons in Ireland under any 
 title whatever purporting to be Masonic not held by virtue of a warrant 
 or constitution from the Grand Lodge, or from other Masonic bodies (Royal 
 Arch. Knights Templar and Ancient Accepted Rite) recognized by and acting 
 in unison with the Grand Lodge of Ireland. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF GEORGIA 
 
 The Committee on Jurisprudence of the GRAND LODGE OF GEORGIA, 
 
 at a Communication held October 29, 1889, presented an exhaustive report, 
 concluding with the following opinion : 
 
 " That a Symbolic Grand Lodge is Sovereign, within the geographical 
 bounds of its Masonic Jurisdiction, and that it has the right to legislate upon, 
 and to decide all questions pertaining to the establishment of Lodges, the 
 making of Masons and the government of the Craft within its aforesaid 
 jurisdictional bounds. 
 
 " That it is the right and duty of Symbolic Grand Lodges to protect 
 themselves, their Subordinates, members, and individual Freemasons within 
 their jurisdictions, as well as Masonic Bodies with which they are allied. 
 
 " That it is the business and bounden duty of such Grand Lodges to 
 guard their Subordinates against the introduction of causes, of contention and 
 
140 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 discord, and TO PROTECT THE FRATERNITY AGAINST INJURY OR INVASION, 
 IMPOSTORS OR IMPOSITION, COMING IN WHATEVER NAME OR WHATEVER GUISE. 
 "Thai it is the right and duty of Grand Lodges, in their Masonic Sovereignty, to 
 clearly designate and unmistakably define what Rites are recognized, and what Bodies are 
 in alliance with them in the Great Fraternal Commonwealth of which the Symbolic Grand 
 Bodies, forming the base, constitute an important and essential part." . . . 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF FLORIDA 
 
 IS ON RECORD AS FOLLOWS ON THE 
 CERNEAU RITE 
 
 " We believe the edict of the Grand Master to be in harmony with the 
 action of many other Grand Lodges and all regularly organized Masonry 
 in the world, so far as we have any knowledge or information, and recom- 
 mend that the same be approved by this Grand Lodge. 
 
 " We further find, upon information believed to be reliable, that the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction, has been recog- 
 nized by very nearly, if not all, the Supreme Councils of the world as the 
 legitimate Supreme Council of the Jurisdiction for the territory which it 
 occupies, which includes the State of Florida, and we do not find that the 
 Cerneau Rite has been recognized by the other Supreme Councils of the 
 world as the legitimate body of any Jurisdiction. 
 
 "In many of the Grand Lodge Jurisdictions, in fraternal intercourse with the 
 Grand Lodge of Florida, the Masons in those Jurisdictions who belong to the Cerneau 
 Rite are not permitted to visit a particular Lodge. 
 
 " As bodies of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdic- 
 tion, were actually located and doing work in this State for many years prior 
 to the invasion of the Territory by the Cerneau Rite, and as both of these 
 bodies cannot continue to work in this Jurisdiction without seriously endan- 
 gering the peace and harmony of the Masonic Brethren in this State, we 
 believe that the Cerneau Rite should by this Grand Lodge be denied the right to occupy 
 the territory of this Jurisdiction, or to communicate or confer its degrees on Masons In 
 Florida." 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF OHIO 
 
 (Action by the Grand Lodge of Ohio is more fully treated in a 
 preceding chapter of this publication. — William Homan.) 
 
 In 1875 the Grand Lodge of Ohio recognized the Scottish Rite Bodies of the Northern 
 Jurisdiction to be Masonic Bodies. 
 
 In 1886, 1887, 1888, it declared the Bodies of the Ancient Accepted Rite 
 of the U.S.A., the Territories and Dependencies [commonly known at that 
 time as the Cerneau rite], to be irregular, illegal and unmasonic, and denied 
 them the use of halls. It punished the receiving or conferring of the degrees 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, U.S.A., with expulsion. 
 
 Ohio had previously recognized the Royal Arch Chapter by Section 183 
 of its Code, which declares " No one can serve as Master, unless he has 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 141 
 
 received this degree (the Past Master's) either from a convention of Past 
 Masters or a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons." This is something more than 
 admitting a Body to be regular; it is a recognition of the act of the Body; 
 and that act, the conferring of a degree. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF KENTUCKY 
 
 IN 1869, 1888, 1889, THE GRAND LODGE OF KENTUCKY RECOGNIZED THE 
 SUPREME COUNCILS OF THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN JURISDICTIONS, AND IN 
 1888 DECLARED ANY BODIES, INVADING THE TERRITORY OF THE SUPREME 
 COUNCILS RECOGNIZED BY THE GRAND LODGE, CLANDESTINE AND FRAUDULENT. 
 IN 1889 IT PROVIDED EXPULSION AS THE PENALTY FOR CONFERRING THE 
 DEGREES BY BODIES DECLARED CLANDESTINE, OR FOR RECEIVING SUCH DEGREES. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF MINNESOTA 
 
 AUTHORIZES THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 TO USE THE SYMBOLIC DEGREES AS A BASIS 
 
 FOR THEIR SYSTEM 
 
 In iSgo the Grand Lodge of Minnesota recognized the Chapters, Grand 
 and General Grand Chapters of Royal Arch Masons, the Councils, Grand 
 and General Grand Councils of Royal and Select Masters, the Comraanderies, 
 the Grand Commandery and Grand Encampment of Knights Templars, the 
 Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted Rite of the Southern Jurisdiction, 
 and its Subordinate Bodies, and authorized these Bodies to use the symbolic 
 degrees as a basis for their system. It declared that no other bodies than those 
 named, and its own Lodges, are Masonic, or are entitled to use its esoteric 
 ceremonies, or to base a system on the three symbolic degrees, and it declared 
 any body not named which attempts to exercise any of these rights and 
 privileges irregular. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF IOWA 
 
 The opinions in 1884 and 1885 of Theodore S. Parvin, Past Grand Master 
 of Iowa, to the effect that the Grand Lodge must let the matter alone, have 
 been quoted. In 1891 his report on Foreign Correspondence contains the 
 following statement : 
 
 " One of the most common charges preferred against us by the Cerneau 
 faction in Iowa is that we have changed our opinion regarding the right of 
 the Grand Commandery and Grand Encampment of Knights Templars, the 
 plead guilty to the charge that we have changed our opinion. . We 
 
 once thought that it was not right or proper for Grand Lodges to legislate 
 upon this subject; reading, study and investigation led us to change our 
 opinion entirely ; " and he then proceeds to mention others who have changed 
 their minds, but who, unlike himself, have changed from loyalty to dis- 
 loyalty, " violated their solemn vows of fealty and allegiance, and, like Judas 
 of old, got their reward." 
 
 In 1889 the Grand Lodge of Iowa repeated its recognition (made in 
 1886) of the Supreme Council of the Southern Jurisdiction; and declared 
 
143 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 it entitled to exclusive jurisdiction in the State by reason of twenty years' 
 sole actual occupancy. It also refused to recognize the Supreme Council of 
 the Ancient Accepted Rite of the U.S.A. (Cerneau), or the bodies under it, and 
 prohibited them from occupying or doing work in the State, and required Masons to with- 
 draw from said bodies. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF DAKOTA 
 
 DECLARES CERNEAU MASONRY WITHOUT LEGAL STATUS IN 
 THAT JURISDICTION 
 
 In 1889 the Grand Lodge of Dakota declared the Supreme Council for 
 the Southern Jurisdiction, having first occupied the State and having con- 
 tinued in occupation up to that time, entitled to exclusive jurisdiction. It 
 also declared Cerneau Masonry without legal status in that jurisdiction. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF COLORADO 
 
 DECLARED THAT NO BODIES OTHER THAN THOSE RECOG- 
 NIZED CAN BE CONSIDERED, IN ANY SENSE, MASONIC 
 IN THE STATE 
 
 In 1888 the Grand Lodge of Colorado declared to be regular and duly 
 constituted bodies, the Chapters, Grand Chapters and General Grand Chapter 
 of Royal Arch Masons ; the Councils, Grand and General Grand Councils of 
 Royal and Select Masters ; the Commanderies, Grand Commanderies and 
 Grand Encampment of Knights Templars : the Supreme Councils of the Ancient 
 Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern and Southern Jurisdictions, and all sub- 
 ordinates. In 1889 it declared that no bodies other than those recognized can 
 be considered, in any sense. Masonic in the State. 
 
 THE GRAND MASTER OF ALABAMA 
 
 NOTmES THE MASONS OF THAT STATE THAT THE CERNEAU 
 BODIES ARE ILLEGAL AND UN-MASONIC 
 
 In 1889 the Grand Master of Alabama issued a letter of warning to the 
 Masons of that State, notifying them that the Supreme Council for the 
 Southern Jurisdiction is the only legitimate power of the Scottish Rite in 
 Alabama, and that the Cerneau bodies are illegal and un-Masonic. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF LOUISIANA 
 
 DECLARED THE CERNEAU SUPREME COUNCIL AND ALL 
 
 BODIES HOLDING UNDER THEM ILLEGITIMATE 
 
 In 188s the Grand Lodge of Louisiana asserted its right to ascertain 
 and declare what bodies claiming to be Masonic are really Masonic, and 
 what bodies are fraudulent, spurious or clandestine In 1890 it declared the 
 Cerneau Supreme Councils and all bodies holding under them illegitimate 
 and not entitled to be recognized in any manner whatever. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH kiTE. 143 
 
 Louisiana had troubles of her own years before, when the Foulhouze 
 body of the Scottish Rite was endeavoring to establish itself in that Jurisdic- 
 tion and to confer the degrees of Symbolic Masonry. At that time, Albert 
 Pike, head of the Southern Jurisdiction, declared in an Address to that 
 Body (we refer to the Acta, i860, page 115) : 
 
 " The whole Masonic Fraternity of the United States, except the followers 
 of Mr. Foulhouze, and a handful of schismatics in New York and Connecti- 
 cut, hold it to be settled beyond controversy, settled so as to need no further 
 discussion, that it is the Masonic Common Law that in the State of Louisi- 
 ana there can be but one Constituting and Governing Power of Symbolic 
 Masonry, The Grand Lodge of Louisiana.'' 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 (The action of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania is more fully 
 treated in a preceding chapter in this publication. — ^William 
 
 HOMAN.) 
 
 IN 1888 THE GRAND LODGE OF PENNSYLVANIA PROHIBITED ITS MEMBERS 
 FROM HOLDING MEMBERSHIP IN THE CERNEAU RITE, DENIED TO BODIES OF 
 THAT RITE THE USE OF ITS HALLS, AND DECLARED THEM CLANDESTINE. IN 
 1889 IT DENIED THEM THE RIGHT OF VISITATION, AND DECLARED OFFENDERS 
 SUBJECT TO MASONIC TRIAL AND PUNISHMENT. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF UTAH 
 
 In 1889 the Grand Lodge of Utah adopted a report of its Committee on 
 Jurisprudence declaring the Grand Lodge in sympathy with the action of 
 the Grand Lodge of Ohio and its Grand Master, against the unrecognized 
 bodies. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA 
 
 The Grand Lodge of South Carolina took similar action. 
 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF NEBRASKA 
 
 In 1889 the Grand Lodge of Nebraska declared the first lawfully con- 
 stituted body in the State entitled to exclusive jurisdiction. It also declared 
 all bodies of the same grade or rite entering later, unlawful. 
 
 OPINIONS OF EMINENT AUTHORITIES 
 
 The Grand Lodges speak with authority; opinions derive their weight 
 from the reputation and ability of those who promulgate them. 
 
144 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 ALBERT G. MACKEY, M.D. 
 
 ALBERT G. IWACKEY, IM.D., IN HIS ENCYCLOPEDIA (PAGE 320), SAYS : 
 
 " A Grand Lodge is invested with power and authority over all the 
 Craft within its jurisdiction. It is the Supreme Court of Appeal in all 
 Masonic cases, and to its decrees implicit obedience must be paid by every 
 Lodge and every Mason situated within its control. The government of 
 Grand Lodges is therefore completely despotic. While a Grand Lodge exists, 
 its edicts must be respected and obeyed without examination by its sub- 
 ordinate Lodges. This autocratic power of a Grand Lodge is based upon a 
 principle of expediency and derived from the fundamental law established at 
 the organization of Grand Lodges in the beginning of the last century. In 
 so large a body as the Craft, it is absolutely necessary that there should be a 
 supreme controlling body to protect the Institution from anarchy, and none 
 could be more conveniently selected than one which by its representative 
 character is or ought to be composed of the united wisdom, prudence and 
 experience of all the subordinate Lodges under its obedience ; so that the 
 voice of the Grand Lodge is nothing else than the voice of the Craft expressed 
 by their representatives. Hence the twelfth of the General Regulations 
 declares that ' the Grand Lodge consists of and is formed by the Masters 
 and Wardens of all the regular particular Lodges upon record.' " 
 
 JOSIAH H. DRUMMOND 
 
 PAST GRAND MASTER OF MAINE, says in 1883 : 
 " We conclude, then, that under its Constitution the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts 
 has the power to determine what is Masonry and what is not Masonry in that Common- 
 wealth, to prohibit Masons therein from palming off on the public or -the Craft as Masonry 
 what it decides is not Masonry, and to require that the members of its obedience shall not 
 connect themselves with organi^ions whose principles and teachings are at variance 
 with those of Freemasonry, or are a disgrace to the Institution, or whose existence tends 
 to disturb the harmony of the Craft." 
 
 W. M. CUNNINGHAM 
 
 PAST GRAND HIGH PRIEST OF ROYAL ARCH MASONRY IN OHIO, IN WRITING THE 
 HISTORY OF ROYAL ARCH MASONRY IN OHIO FROM 1816, SAYS ; 
 
 " As a matter of Masonic history, up to this period, in nearly all Grand 
 Jurisdictions Craft Masonry controlled and conferred under its authority all 
 other grades in Freemasonry, and was recognized as possessing supreme 
 authority in their government, and all subsequent independent organizations 
 of the Capitular and Templar grades were by and with its consent tacitly or 
 officially given. 
 
 " All other Masonic degrees being built upon its foundations and neces- 
 sarily using its esotery and symbolism in their lessons and illustrations. 
 Craft Masonry, therefore, dominates and ranks all other grades, and maintains its 
 supremacy in the right of designating that which is or is not regular and Masonic." 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 145 
 
 THE UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS 
 
 REFUSES A MANUFACTURER OF FLOUR PERMISSION TO 
 REGISTER THE SQUARE AND COMPASSES AS A TRADE-MARK 
 
 It seems to your committee that the matter of control by the Grand 
 Lodge over its own symbols and ceremonials or parts of ceremonials, when 
 used as Masonic, is very important. In 1873 the U.S. Commissioner of 
 Patents refused to a manufacturer of flour permission to register the Square 
 and Compasses as a trade-mark, on the ground that the mark was a Masonic 
 symbol. " There can be no doubt," he says, " that this device, so commonly 
 worn and employed by Masons, has an established mystic significance univer- 
 sally recognized as existing; whether comprehended by all or not is not 
 material to this issue. In view of the magnitude and extent of the Masonic 
 organization it is impossible to divest its symbols, or at least this particular 
 symbol, — perhaps best known of all, — of its ordinary signification wherever 
 displayed, either as an arbitrary character or otherwise. It will be univer- 
 sally understood or misunderstood as having a Masonic significance." 
 
 Your committee would suggest that if the use of the Square and Com- 
 passes as a symbol is to be interdicted by an official of the civil government, 
 because its use tends to misrepresentation, how much more careful should 
 the Grand Lodge be in allowing the use of this symbol in conjunction with 
 the Great Light in Masonry in any other than a regular Masonic Body. For 
 we must all admit that the use, in a ceremonial, of the Great Lights, invests 
 that ceremonial with a Masonic character ; and your committee are of the 
 opinion that, the issue once being made, the Grand Lodge not only cannot 
 sanction, but also, so far as is in its power, should prevent the use of its 
 symbols or allusions to any part of its secret work by any body which it 
 does not admit to be regular. 
 
 COUNTRIES IN WHICH THERE IS NO GRAND LODGE 
 
 OF THE YORK RITE ARE UNDER THE 
 
 POWER AND AUTHORITY OF THE 
 
 SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 The universality of Freemasonry is often spoken of. Our Grand Lodge 
 is " in union with the Most Ancient and Honorable Grand Lodges in Europe 
 and America, according to the old Constitutions." It may not be understood, 
 however, that in those countries in which there is no Grand Lodge of the 
 York rite, our Masonic Brethren of the symbolic degrees are those who 
 received those degrees under the power and authority of the Scottish Rite. 
 
 THE SUPREME COUNCIL FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION IS IN 
 RELATIONS OF AMITY WITH EVERY LAWFUL SUPREME COUNCIL IN FOREIGN 
 COUNTRIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 
 
 The " Supreme Council U.S.A." (Cerneau) is in relations of amity with 
 none of them. The propriety of admitting the Grand Chapters, the Grand 
 Councils, the Grand Encampment of the United States, and their subordinates, 
 to be regular Masonic Bodies is apparent to all who agree that our Grand Lodge 
 
146 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 has power to declare what is Masonry in this Jurisdiction; there is a similar 
 propriety in admitting to be regular the Bodies which are in fellowship with 
 so large a proportion of our foreign Brethren. More than this, it is the 
 common law of Masonry that a Body of any recognized Rite acquires exclusive 
 jurisdiction by undisputed occupation of territory, and on this ground alone 
 the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern and Southern Jurisdic- 
 tions has been recognized as holding rights to the exclusion of other claimants 
 in many jurisdictions where the question of which is and which is not historic- 
 ally entitled to precedence has not been considered. If, after such occupancy 
 of territory as has been the privilege of any Body, a new Body presents its 
 claims to recognition, that recognition must be looked for from those Bodies 
 of the same Rite whose rights are unquestioned, before it can invade the 
 territory already occupied. Two rival Bodies of the same Rite cannot exist 
 together. The Body legally in possession must be admitted to be regular 
 until another has been regularly recognized by those of the same Rite as 
 entitled to displace it. 
 
 This principle of our Masonic Common Law has a two-fold bearing. 
 On the one hand, it protects our Brethren of the Northern Jurisdiction in 
 their rights in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; on the other, it shows 
 how futile must be the attempts to carry into effect the doctrine of W. Brother 
 Yarker, as stated by the petitioners, until the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts 
 has been tried by its peers, and found guilty of a departure from the original 
 plan of Masonry. Whether the suggestion of the establishment of an Inde- 
 pendent Grand Lodge, with the indication the suggestion affords of the dis- 
 loyalty of its proposers, is not an act of treason to our Grand Lodge, is com- 
 mended to the consideration of the Brethren. Threats of appeals to the 
 civil courts to settle differences among Masonic Brethren in reference to 
 Masonic matters can be placed in the same category. 
 
 RICHARD VAUX 
 
 Past Grand Master of Pennsylvania, says : " Can it be possible, then, that in- 
 dividuals who voluntarily, of their own free will and accord, have sought association 
 with Freemasons under the rules and regulations imperiously commanded, use the char- 
 acter thus obtained, secure the rights and privileges thus conferred, and then consent to 
 be the associates in foreign or hostile organizations, without rendering themselves amen- 
 able to the spirit of the law they have violated ? 
 
 " Such a course of conduct on the part of these Brethren, in fact if not in 
 intention, denies the exclusive sovereignty of the Grand Lodge, and violates 
 the cardinal principles to which we have referred. Surely this is a Masonic 
 offence. Surely the Grand Lodge power is sufficient to reach it. It cannot 
 be admitted for a moment that these Brethren can hold a divided duty, 
 separate allegiance, inconsistent relations, and while asserting on the one hand 
 their allegiance to the Grand Lodge, on the other permit themselves to deny 
 the Supreme power of the Grand Lodge, which then would be but an 
 impotent assertion of its power." 
 
HON. FRANK HURD ROBINSON 
 
 GRAND MASTER OF MASONS IN NEW YORK 
 
 WRITES OF CERNEAUISM: 
 
 "I can assure you that no countenance on my part will 
 knowingly be given to a Brother who continues his relations 
 with a body which has long since ceased to have any excuse 
 for its existence." 
 
 COMMENDABLE ATTITUDE OF GRAND MASTER 
 
 ROBINSON, OF NEW YORK, ON THE 
 
 QUESTION OF CERNEAUISM. 
 
 On the evening of June 2, 1904, while I was present at the regular 
 meeting of The Lodge of Perfection of New York City, I was 
 informed that Most Worshipful Frank H. Robinson, Grand 
 Master of Masons in the State of New York, had, on the previous 
 Tuesday, appointed a Brother who was Past Commander-in-Chief 
 of Brooklyn Cerneau Consistory, and a Cerneau 33", to the high 
 office of District Deputy Grand Master. Wishing to move with 
 absolute certainty of information in the matter, I directed my 
 informants to furnish the facts to me in writing, which they did, and 
 which came to me in the first mail on June 3. 
 
 The copies of correspondence which here follow cover the 
 case completely, and prove the determination of Grand Master 
 Robinson to protect legitimate Freemasonry against illegit- 
 imacy, imposition, and clandestinity. 
 
148 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL OF SOVEREIGN GRAND INSPECTORS-GENERAL 
 OF THE THIRTY-THIRD AND LAST DEGREE OF THE . =^ 
 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry 
 
 FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33°. 
 
 Deputy for the State of New York 
 
 446-450 Water Street 
 
 New York City 
 
 June 3, 1904- 
 Hon. Frank H. Robinson, Hornellsville, N. Y. : 
 
 Most Worshipful and Very Dear Brother: I send you herewith 
 a letter, to which is attached a clipping from a newspaper which came to 
 me in this morning's mail. It is a matter of so much importance that upon 
 its receipt I carried it to Col. Ehlers, who advised that I immediately- 
 forward it to you, so that it may be in your possession before you sign the 
 commission, as it is not probable that you would permit the com- 
 
 mission to issue with that information before you. 
 
 I am sending you with this letter a copy of the Proceedings of the Thirty- 
 fourth New York Council of Deliberation, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, 
 of 1903, and invite your consideration of the subject-matter beginning page 
 121 and running through to page 135. I do this so that you may have data 
 
 upon which to base your judgment of Brother 's connection with a 
 
 spurious organization, for which there is at this time absolutely no excuse 
 for existence. It has been my aim for many years past to so cement the 
 bonds of fraternal consideration between the Grand Lodge of the State, the 
 Council of Deliberation, and the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite, that 
 whatever we may do may be with but one purpose in mind, and that — the 
 glory of the Grand Masonic Institution, wherein we must believe that an 
 injury to one is the concern of all. 
 
 Accept my assurances of the highest fraternal regard, and best wishes 
 for your personal well-being. You will kindly advise me of your determination 
 in this matter, and greatly oblige, 
 
 Yours for the Rite, 
 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33°, 
 Deputy for the State of New York. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 149 
 
 OFFICE OF. THE GRAND MlASTER OF MASONS 
 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 HoRNELLSviLLE^ N. Y., June 8, 1904. 
 Mr. William Homan, 33°, Deputy for New York : 
 
 My Dear Brother Homan : Immediately upon receipt of your letter of 
 the 3d instant, I began investigation of a certain Brother's connection with 
 the Cerneau Body. The Deputy Grand Master now has the matter in charge. 
 The moment I received your letter I began telegraphing, but it was too late 
 to prevent the publication of the appointments, as they had then gone to press. 
 However, the commission has been withheld, pending the Brother's determina- 
 tion as to whether or not he will sever his connection with the Cerneau Body. 
 I can assure you that no countenance on my part will knowingly be 
 given to a Brother who continues his relations with a Body which has 
 long ceased to have any excuse for its existence. 
 
 I was very glad indeed to receive a copy of the Proceedings of the very 
 interesting Session of the Council of Deliberation held at Rochester, June 
 24, 1903. I have read with much interest the pages to which you referred in 
 your letter. 
 
 Thanking you most sincerely for your interest and assurances of fraternal 
 regard, and assuring you of my best wishes for you and yours, I am, 
 
 Fraternally, 
 
 FRANK H. ROBINSON, 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL OF SOVEREIGN GRAND INSPECTORS-GENERAL 
 
 OF THE THIRTY-THIRD AND LAST DEGREE OF THE = 
 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry 
 
 FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33°. 
 
 Deputy for the State of New York 
 
 446-450 Water Street 
 
 New York City 
 
 June 20, 1904. 
 
 Hon. Frank H. Robinson, Grand Master, etc., Hornellsville, N. Y. : 
 
 Most Worshipful and Very Dear Brother: Your prompt and decisive 
 act to safeguard the interests of legitimate Freemasonry in this Jurisdiction, 
 
150 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 resulting in the severance of connection with the spurious Cerneau bodies by 
 
 Brother , before receiving at your hands the commission as District 
 
 Deputy Grand Master, has my fullest appreciation. 
 
 You have done the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite a service which 
 reflects credit on your determination to preserve the integrity of the great 
 Masonic cause, wherever it operates, in purity. 
 
 It will give me pleasure to make your action known to the devotees of 
 our Rite, to the end that you may be honored for the justice and fiirmness 
 with which you unhesitatingly arrayed yourself against endorsing those of 
 whose faith the most charitable critic of to-day may be pardoned for quoting : 
 
 ■' But Faith — fanatic Faith — 
 Once wedded fast 
 To some dear falsehood, 
 Hugs it to the last." 
 
 Whatever may be said or written of Cerneauism, it is as unnecessary 
 for us to go back of the Union of 1867, when the present Supreme 
 Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction was formed by dovetailing 
 the conflicting Councils theretofore existing, as it would be to go back 
 of the conclusion of peace at the termination of the civil war, to justify 
 a merchant in declining to accept Confederate money in payment for 
 merchandise to=day. 
 
 Sincerely and fraternally. 
 
 Yours for the Rite, 
 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33°, 
 Deputy for the State of New York. 
 
 OFFICE OF THE GRAND MASTER OF MASONS 
 
 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 HoRNELLSviLLE, N. Y., June 27, 1904. 
 Mr. William Homan, 33°, Deputy, etc.. New York City: 
 
 Illustrious and Dear Brother: I am in receipt of your letter of the 
 20th. Am pleased to know that my action is appreciated by you as set forth 
 in your letter. I have no objection to your letting it be understood that 
 I agree with you fully in relation to our attitude toward Cerneauism, but, 
 under all the circumstances, I wish to spare the feelings of Right Worshipful 
 
 Brother as much as possible. I do not think that it would do us any 
 
 good to humiliate him, as I am told he is a very worthy gentleman and 
 Brother, and simply made this one mistake, which he very much regrets. 
 I told him that I had made known to the Grand Secretary, the Deputy Grand 
 Master, and to you, the fact that the commission would be withheld until he 
 severed his connection with the Cerneau body. He replied that he preferred 
 that the matter should not be made public so far as his name was concerned. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 151 
 
 I told him that I would do all in my power to prevent any humiliation on 
 his part. We had better act together and protect this Brother, and cast the 
 mantle of charity, and at the same time, without the mention of names, have 
 the position of the Grand Master fully understood. Perhaps you can find a 
 way of doing this. At any rate, we had better confer upon the subject by 
 mail or otherwise, to the end that exact justice be done the Brother and also 
 the Consistory. 
 
 Fraternally yours, 
 
 FRANK H. ROBINSON, 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
THE GRAND LODGE OF NEW YORK 
 
 EXPELS 
 
 DARIUS WILSON 
 
 IMPOSTOR 
 
 DARIUS WILSON, IMPOSTOR, EXPELLED FROM FREEMASONRY 
 
 In March, 1902, charges were preferred to M.'. W.*. Charles 
 W. Mead^ then Grand Master of Masons in the State of New 
 York, alleging that one Darius Wilson, a member of Yonnondio 
 Lodge, No. 163, F. and A. M., located at Rochester, N. Y., had 
 theretofore, without authority, clandestinely and unlawfully assisted 
 in the ceremony of conferring the three Degrees of Masonry upon 
 Theodore A. Tripp, and that he did at the same time impart work 
 and lectures pertaining to the Degrees. 
 
 Wilson duly filed an answer to these charges, admitting his 
 membership in Yonnondio Lodge, and denying each and every other 
 allegation in the complaint. 
 
 To try the issues raised by the pleadings, the Grand Master 
 appointed a Commission consisting of R.'. W.". George W. White, 
 of Adelphic Lodge, No. 348, R.". W.'. James H. Rollins, of 
 Greenport Lodge, No. 403, and W.". Jacob Fromme, of Independ- 
 ent Lodge, No. 185, atid such proceedings were had that, on April 4, 
 1902, the Commission met for the trial, all Commissioners being 
 present, in the Committee Room adjoining the Grand East, in 
 Masonic Hall. Brother White was chosen Chairman of the Com.- 
 mission. The complainant appeared by W.'. Brother William 
 Odgen Campbell, of Manhattan Lodge, No. 62, and the defendant 
 appeared by Brother A. M. Card. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 153 
 
 These facts were proved : 
 
 That the defendant, on the 25th of September, 1901, at 41 West 
 Twenty-fourth Street, Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, 
 at a place which he then used as an office, without authority and in 
 a clandestine and unlawful manner, assisted in the ceremony of 
 conferring the three Degrees of Masonry upon the person men- 
 tioned in the complaint. , 
 
 That on the 13th day of December, 1901, Darius Wilson 
 visited a meeting of a clandestine Lodge, purporting to be estab- 
 lished by authority of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, at 41 West Twenty- 
 fourth Street, knowing said Lodge to be clandestine, and that the 
 meeting was held clandestinely. 
 
 That the person on whom the Degrees were conferred, as charged 
 in the complaint, called upon the defendant at his office, filled out an 
 application blank, and shortly thereafter received through the mail a 
 letter asking him to call at No. 41 West Twenty-fourth Street. 
 Arriving there, he found the defendant and an old man who claimed 
 to be from the Grand Lodge of Ohio, together with a young Swede. 
 He paid to Darius Wilson $15, and thereupon received the three 
 Degrees, the alleged representative of the Grand Lodge of Ohio 
 acting as Master, the young Swede as Senior Warden, and the 
 defendant as Senior Deacon. They gave to the person mentioned in 
 the complaint the obligations, signs, grips, and passwords of the 
 three Degrees, a rough sketch of the lectures of each Degree, and 
 there were in the presence of the candidate so-called the Holy Bible, 
 Square, and Compasses. 
 
 The record contains some interesting documents, which are 
 herewith submitted : 
 
 (a card) 
 DR. WILSON 
 
 AND THE 
 
 National Association of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 
 41 W. 24th Street, New York. 
 
 Consultation Free, at Office or by Mail. 
 
 Office Hours: Week days, 10 to 4; Sundays and Holidays, 10 to 12. 
 
 Wednesday and Friday evenings, 7 to 8. 
 
 Special Treatment for Deafness and Defective Eyesight. Treatment for 
 all Diseases by Electricity in all Forms, including Electric Belts. The New 
 Non-Electric Vibration Treatment. A Cure either with or without Medicine. 
 Treatment at Office or at Home. 
 
 (II) 
 
154 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 A circular found in the possession of the defendant at his office 
 at No. 41 ^^''est Twenty-fourth Street : 
 
 WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE A MASON? 
 
 There is no patent right on Masonry, and no man or body of men have 
 exclusive jurisdiction to work any degrees thereof. All Rites of Masonry 
 are equally legitimate and regular. Tlje first church claimed exclusive juris- 
 diction over the earth, and killed hundreds of thousands of good men and 
 women because they would not submit to the rules of that church. At the 
 present time, there are several hundred different kinds of churches, and no 
 one now even thinks of claiming exclusive jurisdiction of any church. Masons 
 in many countries outside of America have claimed exclusive jurisdiction, 
 but all have now learned that they can not maintain their claims. Many 
 Rites in many countries are now working the Symbolic or first three degrees, 
 and mostly in peace and harmony with each other. In the United States, 
 similar conditions to those in older countries will undoubtedly obtain sooner 
 or later. Intolerance must give way to tolerance in church, in state, and in 
 jMasonry. It is shown by Rebold's General History of Freemasonry, that in 
 1S75, there were fourteen Rites working the symbolic degrees in the various 
 countries of the world. (Nearly all these Rites are working to-day.) It also 
 shows that at least forty-three different Rites have ceased to work as indi- 
 vidual Tilasonic Rites. There is, however, nothing to prevent any one from 
 working any of the degrees of Rites now worked in other countries, or from 
 reviving either of the dormant Rites and working the degrees anywhere, or 
 from making a new Rite, provided they are able to secure a following. 
 
 Now and then an ignorant Master Mason, taking his cue from some 
 Northern Jurisdiction Thirty Third Degree Mason, who is trying to bolster 
 up the claims of that body, is heard to say that such and such Masonic 
 bodies of high degrees have never been recognized by us, meaning that his 
 Grand Lodge of three degrees has never recognized some other lodge of 
 thirty three or more degrees. What do Master Masons, as such, know of 
 higher degrees ? Nothing. Then how could they intelligently or reasonably 
 recognize them or legislate in favor of or against them? Every sane person 
 possessed of a grain of common sense, on a moment's reflection, would declare 
 such action to be preposterous. Nevertheless, some Grand Lodges of three 
 degrees have actually decided by legislation in favor of certain high degree 
 bodies, and against others. In the State of Ohio, such action led to the 
 formation of a new Grand Lodge which has now been running for several 
 years, and has over fifty good lodges in the State, with a membership which 
 compares more than favorably with that of the elder Grand Lodge, the new 
 Grand Lodge embracing among its adherents, many of the most prominent 
 citizens in the State of Ohio. In other states where hostile legislation con- 
 cerning higher degrees has been, or may hereafter be enacted, or coercion, 
 slander or falsehood by Master Masons in high places, is employed against any 
 body of high degree Masonry in favor of other similar bodies, there will be 
 established in the near future. Grand Lodges on the same basis as the new 
 Ohio Grand Lodge, and by admitting members at comparatively small fees. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 155 
 
 each will soon have a large membership and be able to cope with the older 
 and more intolerant Grand Lodges. 
 
 If the reader desires to become a Master Mason under authority of the 
 new Grand Lodge of Ohio, he can do so, if, on investigation, he is found 
 worthy. By such action, of course, he would become a member of a regular 
 Masonic Lodge and be put in possession of all the secrets, signs, tokens, 
 words and grips as employed by the members and Lodges of all Rites working 
 the first three degrees of Masonry. Thus he would be enabled to visit not 
 only his own Lodge and all others established directly or indirectly by 
 authority of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, but also several Lodges in Kentucky, 
 Pennsylvania, and New York, as well as all lodges in foreign countries where 
 all Masons of all Rites are fully recognized as we fully recognize all Master 
 Masons, no matter where made under constitutional authority. But for the 
 present, he would have no right to visit any of the lodges under the obedience 
 of any of the old Grand Lodges in the United States, which are antagonistic 
 to us because we are competing with them for members. He could, how- 
 ever, make himself known to any Master Mason on earth and would be 
 recognized by any Mason in any part of the world. Hence, it will be seen 
 that to be deprived of the privilege of visitation amounts to nothing, as one 
 might never care to avail himself of the privilege. 
 
 When the Independent Order of Odd Fellows commenced to make mem- 
 bers, the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows, and the Manchester Unity 
 Odd Fellows, both had large memberships and neither of them recognized 
 the members made by the Independent Order, but to-day, the I. O. O. F. is 
 larger and much more influential than either of the old orders. We hope 
 and expect that like success will come to us in our efforts to establish Lodges 
 of pure and undefiled Freemasonry. 
 
 Justin Pinney, 
 
 Grand Master of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and 
 Accepted Masons of Ohio (Incorporated). 
 
 P. O. Box 172, Worthington, Ohio. 
 
 The undersigned hereby certifies that he carefully read the foregoing, 
 and understood its purport before paying any money to, or taking any 
 obligation from, the representative of the aforesaid Grand Lodge of Ohio. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Address 
 
 Several new Lodges are now being formed in Pa., N. J. and N. Y. as 
 well as in all the New England States. Entire cost of membership, $15. Sign 
 the above and return to 
 
 P. J. LiNDSTROM, 
 
 144 E. 48th St. 
 
156 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 The following, put in evidence by the defendant himself, and 
 marked Defendant's Exhibit A, is of peculiar interest to Scottish 
 Rite Masons : 
 
 UNIVERSI ORBIS TERRARUM ARCHITECTONIS MAGNI 
 AD GLORIAM. 
 
 The Supreme Grand Council 
 
 Grand Inspectors General 33d and Last Degree of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, for the United States of America, its Territories 
 
 and Dependencies. 
 
 With Grand East at Boston, Mass. 
 
 Chartered by the Supreme Grand Council of Rites of Scotland. 
 
 Office of D. Wilson, M.D., 33°, 
 
 ]\I. P. Sovereign Grand Commander, 
 
 266 West Newton St., Boston, and 41 W. 24th St., New York. 
 
 To the Master and Secretary : 
 
 Dear Sirs and Brothers : The Master and Secretary of each Master 
 Masons Lodge in the U. S. A. are invited to take, free of charge, membership 
 in King Edward Consistory 32° and Aleppo Temple of the Mystic Shrine, 
 both of New York City. jNIembership in these bodies is thus given without 
 charge so that each Lodge may have lawful information as to the character 
 and quality of our membership and work. Our Scottish Rite is neither the 
 Northern or Southern Jurisdiction or either of the " Cerneau Rite '' Supreme 
 Councils, but it is the genuine Scottish Rite as worked in Scotland, and 
 . ours is the only Supreme Council that was ever authorized by Free Masons 
 of Scotland to work the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite in the United 
 States. If you desire to take the degrees from the 4° to the 32° inclusive, 
 and can come to my New York office during my office hours as per enclosed 
 card, I will arrange to have the degrees conferred upon you without any 
 cost to you whatever, after which I can offer you something of perhaps greater 
 interest. If you cannot come to my office and still desire the degrees, please 
 write me, stating these facts, also where you may be seen, and perhaps I shall 
 be able to have one of my Deputies call on you and arrange for your advance- 
 ment. Perhaps you might get twenty or more Master Masons who would 
 unite with you in forming a Consistory near your residence, in which case 
 you would be reimbursed for any reasonable amount of time or money 
 expended. We want a Consistory in every town of S,ooo inhabitants or 
 more, and expect to pay the necessary expenses of organizing the same. 
 We have no fight with other Scottish Rite members or bodies, but recognize 
 them all. Thirty second degree members who have taken the degree 
 honestly under the authority of any Supreme Council are invited to visit 
 our Consistories or to take membership therein free of cost. If they so desire, 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 157 
 
 they can also retain membership in other so-called Scottish Rite bodies after 
 uniting with ours. Entire cost for Charter membership in Consistory and 
 Shrine is $20; after charter is closed, the price is $100. 
 Hoping to see or at least hear from you soon, I am 
 Fraternally yours, 
 
 D. Wilson, M.D., sf 
 
 Member Yonnondio Lodge No. 163 of Rochester, N. Y., Mt. Zion Chap- 
 ter No. 231 Royal Arch Masons, and York Commandery No. 55, Knights 
 Templars of New York City, and Founder of the Royal Arcanum. 
 
 P. S. — Our Scottish Rite Bodies in New York meet regularly on the 2nd 
 and 4th Fridays of each month. D.W. 
 
 We can only guess the object of the defendant in introducing 
 the foregoing circular with regard to Scottish Rite Masonry. Per- 
 haps he hoped to convince the Commissioners that he was engaged 
 in conferring Scottish Rite Degrees and the Shrine Degree, and 
 because of his connection with those Bodies he would not so lower 
 his dignity as to give or seU the first three Degrees for $15. But 
 this is only a guess, for neither he nor his counsel explained the 
 motive which prompted the defendant. 
 
 The defendant testified that he had been a Mason for thirty 
 years, and in that period had been but six times in his Lodge. 
 Here, again, we guess that his object was to convince the Com- 
 missioners that it covild not have been he who conferred the Degrees, 
 as he did not know enough of Masonic Ritual to do the work. He 
 testified, under cross-examination, and admitted that he had made 
 so-called charter members in the Consistory and Shrine, and had 
 received $20 from each one. He claimed that he had never con- 
 ferred the Consistory Degrees on any person who was not a Mason, 
 but he overlooked the fact that he had also testified that he did not 
 know enough of Masonic Ritual to confer the Degrees, and that, 
 therefore, it is very improbable that he could tell the difference 
 between a Mason and a profane. It is possible that some of his 
 Scottish Rite members and Shrine members are not Masons at all, 
 even in his clandestine method of making them. 
 
 On his behalf, he produced as a witness Kortright Cruger, 
 who admitted that he carried on a so-called Pinney Lodge at 100 
 West Twenty-fourth Street, and testified that the defendant, 
 Darius Wilson, was not concerned in any way with it. He said 
 that he sent out the exhibit which follows, entitled " Banner Lodge 
 No. I," and the following circular, signed by him as Secretary 
 pro tern. : 
 
158 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 BANNER LODGE NO. i. 
 
 Free and Accepted Masons^ 
 
 Organizing under authority of the 
 
 Most Worshipful Grand Lodge 
 
 OF THE 
 
 State of Ohio. 
 
 Meets the 2nd and 4th Friday Evenings of each month at 100 West 24th 
 
 Street, 3rd Floor. Lodge convenes at 8 o'clock. 
 
 K. CrugeRj Sec. pro tern. 
 
 M 
 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 In answer to your note of inquiry, would say that under authority of the 
 Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio^ of which I am 
 Proxy, I am prepared to organize Working Lodges of Ancient, Free and 
 Accepted Masons within the jurisdiction of New York, New Jersey and 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 This step is taken, not from any contentious feeling towards the present 
 Masonic authorities now working in these States, but in a truly Masonic 
 spirit of competition and noble emulation, with the object of enabling 
 men of moderate means to secure the Rights, Light and Benefits of 
 Freemasonry at a moderate cost. 
 
 The price of the three Blue Lodge degrees will be only $15, about one 
 half of that now charged by the lowest priced lodge within the above named 
 States. Annual dues, $4.00. 
 
 Good men and True, Earnest men and Sincere may join our ranks 
 and receive all the Rights, Light and Benefits now or ever conferred by 
 any Masonic Jurisdiction in the World. 
 
 If you desire to become a member of this organization, send your name, 
 address, and the names and P. O. addresses of two references to the under- 
 signed. Regular meetings for further information, instruction, etc., etc., are 
 held every Second and Fourth Friday Evenings of each month at No. 100 
 W"est 24th Street, 3rd Floor, at 8 o'clock. Room open at 7 o'clock. Come 
 early and interview the Secretary. 
 
 Respectfully 
 
 Box 809, P. O., New York City, 
 
 K. Cruger, Sec. pro tem. 
 
 He testified that he had received over one hundred and fifty 
 answers, but had not conferred any Degrees on anybody; that 
 he was unaffiliated from John D. Willard Lodge, No. 250, in 
 1864, for non-payment of his dues, and that he joined Astor 
 Lodge in 1898, and was there also unaffiliated for a like reason. 
 
 The object of the defendant in producing this witness seems to 
 have been to induce the Commission to believe that the defendant 
 was not present at the meetings of the so-cahed Grand Lodge of 
 Ohio on December 13, 1901, at 100 West Twenty-fourth Street. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 159 
 
 Unfortunately, Cruger was not present when Darius Wilson 
 testified, because Wilson swore that he was present at loo West 
 Twenty-fourtli Street every Friday evening, and conferred the 
 higher Degrees once at least, if not twice a month, on Fridays at 
 that place. 
 
 Cruger further testified that he was Proxy for Justin Pinney, 
 and had a right to open Lodges and confer Degrees, not alone in 
 the State of New York, but in the whole world. He" never saw 
 Justin Pinney, but received his authority by simply writing for it. 
 
 Darius Wilson testifed, too, that the Thirty=second Degree 
 was conferred upon him by one Hopkins Thompson in a room in 
 the rear of the store of one Barl<er, and that he received his 
 Thirty-third Degree from Peckham, the head of the Cerneau 
 Body ; that when he received the Thirty=second Degree, there 
 was no one present besides himself and Thompson, except " old 
 man Folger," whoever that may be. Thompson told him that 
 he had authority to confer the Degree, and that satisfied Wilson; 
 he made no further inquiry. 
 
 It developed upon the trial that Cruger was " the old man " who 
 claimed to be from the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and who acted as 
 Master in the conferring of the Degrees at 41 West Twenty-fourth 
 Street. 
 
 THE TRIAL RESULTED IN A JUDGMENT EXPELLING 
 DARIUS WILSON FROM ALL THE RIGHTS AND PR1V= 
 ILEQES OF MASONRY. 
 
 The foregoing is, of course, but a small part of the evidence 
 taken, the intention being mainly to report that portion of special 
 interest to the Scottish Rite. 
 
 William Ogden Campbell, 33", 
 
 Aurora Grata Consistory. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Since the above was written, an appeal duly taken by the defend- 
 ant from the decision of the Commission was forced on to an argu- 
 ment by the attorney for the complainant at the meeting of the 
 Commissioners of Appeals during Grand Lodge Session in May, 
 1904. THE COMMISSIONERS OF APPEALS UNANIMOUSLY 
 AFFIRMED THE JUDGMENT, and the opinion of the Chief 
 Commissioner is here reprinted in full from the Minutes of the 
 Grand Lodge for 1904: 
 
160 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 EXPULSION OF DARIUS WILSON AFFIRMED— 
 REPORT OF THE COMMISSION OF APPEALS 
 
 R.". W.'. TowNSEND ScuDDER, Chief Commissioner, presented 
 the report of the Commission of Appeals, which was received and its 
 recommendations adopted : 
 
 To THE Grand Lodge: 
 
 The Commissioners of Appeals, having heard and considered the several 
 matters which have come before them, fraternally report : 
 
 First. In the matter of the appeal of Darius Wilson in re Hersch vs. 
 Wilson. 
 
 Darius Wilson, a member of Yonnondio Lodge, No. 163, appeals from 
 the decision of trial commissioners appointed by the Grand Master to try 
 charges preferred by Brother Isaac Hersch against Darius Wilson, of 
 Yonnondio Lodge, for immoral and unmasonic conduct, in that he did, in a 
 clandestine and unlawful manner, assist in the ceremony of conferring the 
 Degrees of ^lasonry, and did, in the City of New York, visit a meeting of 
 a clandestine Lodge, knowing said Lodge and meetings to be clandestine. 
 
 A careful review of the testimony in tliis case has convinced the 
 Commissioners that the evidence has fully sustained the charges beyond 
 a reasonable doubt. 
 
 It seems, as established by credible and uncontradicted witnesses, that the 
 defendant had an ofBce at No. 41 West Twenty-fourth Street, New York 
 City, for the practice of medicine, and that he there clandestinely conferred 
 Degrees in Masonry. It is in evidence that a caller upon the defendant at 
 his said office there filled out an application for admission to Masonry, and 
 thereafter, pursuant to a letter of request to do so, again called there, and 
 having first paid to the defendant fifteen dollars, received what pur= 
 ported to be the three Degrees of Masonry, in the conferring of which 
 the defendant acted as Senior Deacon and an alleged representative 
 of the Grand Lodge of Ohio as Master. The defendant claimed to con- 
 fer these Degrees pursuant to authority granted by a Grand Master of 
 Masons in Ohio, one Justin Pinxey, and in defendant's rooms were 
 many circulars offering to make the readers thereof Masons and put them 
 in possession of all the secrets necessary to them to gain admission into 
 Masonic Lodges throughout the world. These circulars, emanating from 
 defendant's office, were sent broadcast through the City of New York. The 
 defendant stated that those interested in thus starting Lodges in New York 
 not under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of this State were his friends, 
 and he was in sympathy with them. It is also in evidence from admissions 
 of the defendant that he did attend a clandestine meeting of a Lodge at No. 
 100 West Twenty-fourth Street, not being under the authority of the Grand 
 Lodge of the State of New York, and that those who called at his office in 
 response to the above-mentioned circulars he referred to one Paget, who, 
 he averred, was the Deputy in this city for the Grand Master of Ohio. 
 Defendant further admitted that he had made many so called charter 
 members of the Consistory and Shrine, and had received twenty dollars 
 for each initiation. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. L61 
 
 Defendant also admitted that he was at No. loo West Twenty-fourth 
 Street, were said Lodge, purporting to be under the jurisdiction of Ohio, 
 convened every Friday evening, and there conferred these higher Degrees 
 in Masonry at least once a month. The facts and circumstances before us in 
 this case point but one way, and that is that the defendant is guilty of the 
 charges beyond any reasonable doubt ; that he has made a business of 
 selling what purported to be Degrees to any applicant who was willing 
 to pay for them, and in consequence thereof he should be expelled from 
 his Lodge, and from all the rights and privileges of Masonry forever, 
 and pay the sum of one hundred and fifty-three dollars ($153), the amount 
 of the expenses of his trial. 
 
 The Commissioners of Appeals therefore recommend that the judg- 
 ment of the Trial Commissioners expelling the said Darius Wilson from 
 Yonnondio Lodge, No. 163, and from the rights and privileges of Masonry, 
 be in all respects affirmed. 
 
 Fraternally submitted, 
 
 TOWNSEND SCUDDER, 
 
 Chief Commissioner. 
 
 Henry A. Powell^ 
 Jereie T. Durham, 
 LORENZ Zeller, 
 Edgar C. Emerson, 
 Philip Keck^ 
 Walter M. Hand, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 KORTRIGHT CRUGER EXPOSED BY THE DAILY PRESS 
 
 {Jersey City Evening Journal, March 10, 1904.) 
 
 FAKE MASON LANDS IN JAIL. 
 
 KORTRIGHT CrUGER ORGANIZED " TeMPLE LoDGE ''■' TO CATCH VICTIMS. — MaDE 
 
 THEM " Masons " at Cut Rate Prices. — Traveled as the " Right 
 Worshipful Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary of the Grand Masonic Juris- 
 diction/' etc. — Fleeced Many. 
 
 He was no less a Masonic potentate than the Right Worshipful Kortright 
 Cruger, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary and Past Grand 
 Master of the Grand Jurisdictions of New York and New Jersey and — well, 
 plus, to avoid the exhaustive draft on the capital letters. 
 
 This eminent Masonic star made his debut in Jersey City last Spring; 
 he traveled incognito, that is, he concealed his advent from the Craftsmen, 
 presumably to avoid demonstrations and receptions in honor of one who 
 had become an exceptional celebrity. 
 
162 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 His presence became known through accident perhaps, to a number of 
 men who yearned to have revealed to them the secrets of the order, and 
 become full-fledged Ancient Free and Accepted Masons at cut rates, for it 
 was learned that the mission of this distinguished successor of King Solomon 
 vifas to make the order the most powerful numerically in the world, to 
 extend its influence. 
 
 To accomplish this, he had elected to rectify the error into which the 
 lodges established under the grand jurisdiction had fallen by charging 
 initiation fees that excluded more or less intellectual men whose income was 
 seven or eight dollars a week. He cut the tariff. He wanted members. He 
 hired rooms in Booraem Hall and established Temple Lodge No. i. 
 
 The venerable — he claims to be two and seventy — promoter sent out 
 emissaries to recruit the ranks, and each and every member was proud of the 
 fact that his instructor was the much-honored missionary, who cheerfully 
 gave his services for the nominal consideration of five dollars from each 
 candidate. After the small fee had been paid, the candidate was declared 
 to be worthy and was enrolled in what became a flourishing lodge. 
 
 The local jewelers were benefited by the rapid growth, as there came a 
 brisk demand for Masonic pins and emblems, which became as common and 
 numerous as office seekers, when the unexpected occurs and the people have 
 directed a change in the administration of the affairs of the city. 
 
 When Temple Lodge seemed to have attained its maximum and recruit- 
 ing was slow, a fresh impetus was imparted by a reduction of the rate for 
 instruction, as the sole motive of the celebrated promoter was to get into 
 the lodge every man strong enough financially to take the course of instruction. 
 
 The rate, to encourage growth, it is said, dropped to three dollars, and 
 when the limit appears to have been reached, it fell successively to two 
 dollars and then to one. The departure of the illustrious brother occurred 
 when the school of instruction had few pupils and some members were 
 importunate in their solicitation for instruction how to enter the other Masonic 
 lodges in the city. He was busy in promoting the prosperity of Masonry in 
 New York City. 
 
 Among those who absorbed the Masonic mysteries from the brilliant 
 teacher was Frederick A. Stubhaus, of 346 Fourth Street. He was an 
 enthusiast and went about extolling the beauty of the Cruger brand of the 
 Ancient Free and Accepted Masonry. 
 
 His enthusiasm received its solar plexus when he came in contact with 
 a member of one of the mercenary and eclectic lodges that belong to the 
 grand jurisdiction. He learned that the lodge that Cruger had founded was 
 clandestine and an outcast. 
 
 Cruger visited Temple Lodge on invitation last night. He anticipated 
 meeting a large class for instruction. It consisted of two. They received 
 him cordially and escorted him from the lodge room and lodged him in a 
 cell. They were Sergeant Harrington and Detective Bennett. Stubhaus, when 
 he realized that he had been duped, had a warrant issued for Cruger on a 
 charge of obtaining money under false pretenses. 
 
 Cruger admitted that he is a fakir. He was expelled from the Fra- 
 ternity twenty years ago, he said, and to retaliate, and incidentally to make 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 163 
 
 money easily, he instituted the bogus lodges, as victims were easy and 
 abundant. 
 
 A distinguished statistician and sage who flourished a few years, who^c 
 declaration was based on a careful mathematical calculation, after a personal 
 investigation stated, " A sucker is born every minute." He was well known 
 especially to the police as " Bunco Pete.'' 
 
 (Nciv York Evening Sun, March 17, 1904.) 
 
 CRUGER IS HELD 
 
 Masons accuse him of getting Money under False Pretenses. — Say he 
 
 SOLD Degrees. — One Man tells how he paid $2 in the Expectation 
 
 OF getting Twenty-nine Degrees in Return. — Cruger admits 
 
 taking the Money and says that his Proxy was 
 
 revoked because he did not turn into the Grand 
 
 Lodge $100 for every Lodge he Organzed. — 
 
 Bail on Two Charges is fixed at $500. 
 
 Kortright Cruger, 72 years old, who represents himself as the proxy 
 for Justin Pinney, Grand Master of the clandestine Masonic Grand Lodge 
 of Ohio, and who was arrested last night on a charge of obtaining money 
 under false pretenses, was arraigned this morning before Judge Higgins in 
 the Gregory Street Court, in Jersey City. He gave his residence as 71 East 
 Thirty-first Street, New York. 
 
 One of the complainants against Cruger was Frederick A. Stubhaus, of 
 346 Fourth Street, treasurer of Temple Lodge No. i, which is said to have 
 been organized by the defendant. Stubhaus told in court of a meeting of the 
 lodge that was held at 116 Newark Avenue, and also testified to the pay- 
 ment by him to Cruger in October last of $12.50 and a like sum in January 
 last. This money, Cruger said, was a per capita tax which was to go to 
 the Grand Lodge. Stubhaus said that Cruger later asserted that he himself 
 had a proxy as grand master. 
 
 At a meeting in January, Cruger, according to the witness, said, " How 
 about that per capita tax? I am rather short of funds." 
 
 This remark, Stubhaus said, excited suspicion, and an inquiry was 
 made. Stubhaus wrote to the Grand Lodge of the Masonic Order and 
 received information which convinced him that Cruger was not what he 
 represented himself to be, and he determined to prosecute him. 
 
 Frederick M. Kriegel, of 142 Newark Avenue, said that he had asked 
 Cruger for information about the Grand Lodge, and Cruger told him that 
 he intended to organize one. Cruger, according to the witness, said, " It is 
 all right. I hold a Grand Lodge proxy,'' 
 
 Oscar Schroeder, of 37 College Street, said he had paid $2 to a lodge 
 which met at Ocean and Clinton Avenues and which had been organized by 
 Cruger. In return for this money he understood he was to receive twenty- 
 nine degrees. 
 
 Cruger admitted to the Court that he had received the money from 
 Stubhaus and Schroeder. He said that in June last, he was elected grand 
 
164 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 master at a convention which was held at 117 West Twenty-third Street, New 
 York City, and which was attended by 600 delegates. On October 21, he got 
 notice from Justin Pinney, the head of the clandestine Grand Lodge of Ohio, 
 that his proxy had been revoked. Cruger alleged that this was done because 
 he had failed to send to the Grand Lodge $100 for each lodge he hart 
 organized. 
 
 He said that he had appealed from the revocation of his proxy. He 
 admitted that there was no Grand Lodge in existence when he received the 
 money. He declared that members of the order were under an obligation 
 not to tell by whom degrees were conferred, and he therefore declined to 
 say who had conferred degrees upon him. He said he had organized lodges 
 in New York and Pennsylvania as well as in New Jersey. 
 
 Cruger was held in $500 bail in each of two charges. One is for having 
 retained the per capita tax imposed, and the other for receiving $2 for his 
 promise to confer degrees. 
 
 {New York Times, Thursday, March 17, 1904.) 
 
 ADMITS FORMING FAKE LODGES 
 
 EXPELLED MASON SAYS HE DID IT FOR REVENGE 
 AND REVENUE 
 
 Kortright Cruger, who is seventy-two years old and lives at 71 East 
 31st Street, Manhattan, was arrested in Jersey City last night charged 
 with fraud, the complaint being made by Frederick A. Stubhaus of 34b 
 Fourth Street. Cruger appeared in Jersey City about six months ago, so 
 it is charged, representing himself to be the grand proxy of the Ancient 
 Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Ohio and Past Grand Master 
 of New York and New Jersey. He interested several persons, and succeeded 
 in organizing Temple Lodge No. i, collecting a fee which he said would be 
 paid over to the grand lodge. 
 
 A week ago, the members learned that Cruger was not a Mason, and 
 that their lodge had no standing. He was invited to speak at Temple Lodge, 
 and his arrest followed. He said that he was once a Mason, but had been 
 expelled twenty years ago. Since then he had been organizing fake lodges, 
 by way of avenging his wrongs and increasing his revenues. 
 
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE SCOTTISH 
 RITE IN NEW YORK 
 
 It has been anything but pleasant for me to incorporate in this 
 pamphlet so much about these mountebanks and charlatans, and 
 I perform the disagreeable task solely to warn the uninformed 
 against the machinations of men devoid of every sense of honor. 
 
 Any Master Mason who is a member in good standing of a 
 Symbolic Lodge, and has resided in this Jurisdiction twelve months, 
 is eligible to receive the Degrees of the Ancient Accepted Scottish 
 Rite. 
 
 Application may be made through any of the members. 
 
 For easy reference, I present elsewhere in this pamphlet a table 
 showing the name and location of every Subordinate Body in the 
 State of New York, together with the name and address of Presiding 
 Officer and Secretary. 
 
 The minimum fees for the Degrees in the Northern Masonic 
 Jurisdiction are $84.00 for 4° to 32° There is no limit as to maxi- 
 mum fees. The Bodies in the City of New York confer the Degrees 
 as follows : 
 
 The Lodge of Perfec- Initiation Annual Life 
 
 tion of New York Fees. Dues. Membership. 
 
 City, 4" to 14°.. $25.00 $1.00 $10.00 
 
 The Council of Princes 
 
 of Jerusalem of 
 
 New York City, 15° and 16°.. 20.00 i.oo 10.00 
 
 The Chapter of Rose 
 
 Croix of New York 
 
 City, 17" and 18° . 25.00 i.oo 10.00 
 
 The Consistory of New 
 
 York City, 19" to 32" . . 30.00 2.00 20.00 
 
 Totals $100.00 $5-00 $50.00 
 
 Each member receives a Diploma, which, when presented at any 
 regular Body of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, assures him 
 recognition and protection the world over. 
 
HOW KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRUTH ENABLED 
 A BROTHER TO PROSELYTIZE IN WHAT 
 THREATENED TO BECOME A HOT- 
 BED OF CERNEAUISM 
 
 I use the word hotbed advisedly, for the Lodge which the writer 
 of the letter mentions is not j'et out of its swaddling-band, and you 
 all know how the enthusiasm of youth in anything may be imposed 
 upon by the unscrupulous vendor of something ( ?) for nothing. 
 
 W'hen the facts in this case were brought to my attention, I 
 laid them before a Past Grand Master and another member of the 
 Grand Lodge, with the result that the nefarious transaction con- 
 templated was not consummated. 
 
 Beooklyn, N. v., March 26, 1905. 
 III-". William Homan, 33°, 
 
 Deputy for State of New York: 
 Mv Dear Sir and Bro.-. : 
 
 For the good of our beloved Rite I deem it my duty to inform you of 
 what I happened to learn last evening, when I, together with the Worshipful 
 Master of * * * F. & A. M., of which Lodge I am also a member, 
 visited * * *, in order that you, through your kind offices, may prevent 
 all the members, from the Worshipful Master down, from being innocently 
 " roped in " to the spurious Cerneau Rite. 
 
 Shortly after my admission into the Lodge room, through a conversation 
 1 had with the Junior Warden of the Lodge, I learned that all the officers, 
 from the Worshipful Master down, together with some of the newly made 
 members, on solicitation by a man who was pointed out to me in the room 
 as Judah Moses,* had made application to become members of the Cerneau 
 Rite. 
 
 Instantly I informed the Brother that he and the rest were being deceived, 
 and that the Cerneau Rite was an irregular and spurious Rite, and not recog- 
 nized by any Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite in any 
 part of the world, and that they as members of said Rite would not even be 
 
 * Judah Moses is Treasurer of the Cerneau Council officered by Andrew 
 J. Provost, Newton W. Thompson, Benjamin C. Leveridge, Alfred C. Dupont, 
 W. J. Hirschfeld, Jacob W. Riglander. George C. Gill, Cyrus K. Porter, 
 Joseph Cristosi. and Isaac W. Jacobson. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 167 
 
 admitted into the Blue Lodges in some States of the United States. The 
 Brother lost no time in informing the Worshipful Master of the Lodge of 
 what I had said, and in a short while I found I had " stirred up a 
 hornets' nest." At this time I also learned that the Secretary of the Lodge 
 was a Cerneau 32°. The Lodge last evening conferred the Fellow Craft 
 Degree, and when the Worshipful Master called the Craft from labor to 
 refreshment, between the first and section sections of the Degree, I was sur- 
 rounded by everybody, and asked by the Secretary to prove my statements, he 
 claiming his Rite, the Cerneau, to be the oldest and the only original Rite in 
 existence. 
 
 You can readily imagine my position, being a member of The Consistory 
 of New York City only a year, and knowing but little of the history of our 
 Rite ; but I proved my statements as good as I knew, and based my argument 
 on your own writings on pages 35 to 48 in the Proceedings of the Thirty- 
 second New York Council of Deliberation of the A.. A.-. S--- R-'-, held in 
 May, 1901, of which 1, thanks to my dear friend and Brother * * *^ whom 
 you well know, have a copy. 
 
 At the end of our argument the Worshipful Master called up R.'. W- • 
 Bro-*. * * * and asked him for advice, but received word from the 
 R.'- W.'. Brother that he did not wish to speak on that subject over the wire, 
 but would see the Worshipful Master privately. 
 
 I believe that the Brothers are to be taken into the Cerneau Rite — where, 
 I do not know — in a body, on Wednesday next, the 29th inst. I may have 
 created a doubt in the minds of some of the Brothers as to the regularity 
 of the Cerneau Rite, as I heard * * *^ Senior Warden of the Lodge, say 
 that he would hold off until he could satisfy himself 
 
 Worshipful Brother * * * jj Master of the * * * Lodge. His 
 address I do not know. * * * is Senior Warden. His residence is 
 * * *. and I believe he is the most influential member of the Lodge. 1 
 submit these facts for your information, hoping that you may find some way 
 to prevent these brothers from becoming members of this spurious Rite. 
 
 Yours for the Rite, 
 
 * 4: * 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 
CAUTION IN VISEING DIPLOMAS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 I desire to caution those of our members who are invited to affix 
 their signatures to patents or diplomas or certificates of membership 
 in our Rite against the indiscriminate signing of such without first 
 carefully inspecting the same to see that they are regularly filled out 
 on the face, and have been signed on the margin by the Brother to 
 whom issued. It is not sufficient identification to recognize 
 some of the names of others who have signed before. A person 
 inviting or soliciting a signature should be properly identified before 
 the signature is added. 
 
 I have recently observed several instances wherein the owner 
 of the certificate had failed to comply with the requirements of 
 signing his name on the margin. On a recent occasion, a member 
 presented a certificate on which he solicited my signature, and, as I 
 always carefully scrutinize the names signed thereto, I discovered 
 that one of the signatures \Aas that of an impostor, one who claimed 
 to have received the Thirty-third Degree, when, in fact, it was 
 conferred upon him by an organization illegitimate, fraudulent, and 
 without standing. Upon questioning the Brother presenting the 
 certificate, I learned that the signature had been recently affixed, 
 and that he was an innocent victim of the imposition of the signer. 
 I thereupon gave him the alternative of obliterating the signature of 
 the impostor from his certificate or surrendering the certificate to me 
 and having another issued to him. I cite this case as a caution and 
 warning against the indiscriminate signing of certificates, which 
 might lead to confusion or worse. 
 
FREDERICK THE GREAT 
 
 "KING OF PRUSSIA 
 
 NOT LONG SINCE PRESENTEn 
 
 HIS EXCELLENCY GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 WITH THE PICTURE OF HiS MaJESTY TAKEN TO THE LIFE." 
 
 (Moore's Diary of the American Revolution, August 9, 1780.) 
 
 (12) 
 
FREDERICK THE GREAT 
 
 (FREDERICK H) 
 
 Third Kingf of Prussia 
 
 Born January 24, 17 12. 
 Initiated August 14, 1738. 
 Died August 17, 1786. 
 
 It may prove of interest to the students of Masonic history to 
 learn that on July 16, 1774, Frederick the Great granted his pro- 
 tection to the Xational Grand Lodge of Germany, and officially 
 approved the treaty with the Grand Lodge of England, by which the 
 Xational Grand Lodge was established. 
 
 In the year 1777, the Mother Lodge, " Royal York of Friend- 
 ship," at Berlin, celebrated by a festival the King's birthday, on 
 which occasion Frederick wrote the following letter : 
 
 " I can not but be sensible of the new homage of the Lodge ' Royal York 
 of Friendship ' on the occasion of the anniversary of my birth, bearing, as it 
 does, the evidence of its zeal and attachment for my person. 
 
 " Its Orator has well expressed the sentiments which animate all its 
 labors; and a society which employs itself only in sowing the seed and bring- 
 ing forth the fruit of evei"y kind of virtue in my dominions may always be 
 assured of my protection. It is the glorious task of every good sovereign, 
 and I will never cease to fulfil it, 
 
 " .And so I pray God to take you and your Lodge under His holy and 
 deserved protection. 
 
 Potsdam, this 14th day of February, 1777. 
 
 "FREDERICK." 
 
ESTABLISHMENT OF 
 
 SUBLIME GRAND LODGE OF PERFECTION 
 
 AT PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 25, 178 J 
 
 On the above date the first " Lodge of Grand Elect, Perfect and 
 Sublime Masons " in Pennsylvania was opened in the City of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 The Minutes present this very interesting record under date 
 November 2, 1785 : 
 
 " At a Sublime Lodge of Perfection, held at the Lodge room 
 in Black Horse Alley. . . . 
 
 " On motion that a committee be appointed to write to the Grand 
 Council at Berlin and Paris, informing them of the establishment of 
 this Sublime Lodge, and the names of the several members who 
 compose the same and their several degrees, it was ordered that the 
 following brethren be a committee for that purpose, viz, 
 
 Charles Young, 
 
 P. Lebarbier Duplessis, and 
 
 the Thrice Puissant, 
 
 and said Committee were earnestly requested to have such letter 
 prepared against the next meeting, that the same may be signed by 
 the Thrice Puissant and transmitted as soon as possible." 
 
REPORT OF 
 
 SUBLIME GRAND LODGE OF PERFECTION 
 
 OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 TO 
 
 FREDERICK THE GREAT, 
 
 "ILLUSTRIOUS CHIEF OF THE GRAND COUNCIL OF MASONS 
 
 PRESIDING OVER THE TWO HEMISPHERES, AT 
 
 THE GRAND EAST OF BERLIN." 
 
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GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 Initiated in Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4, Fredericlisburg, Va., 
 
 November 4, 1752. 
 
 Passed Fellow Craft, March 3, 1753. 
 
 Raised Master Mason, August 4, 1753. 
 
 Worshipful Master of Alexandria Lodge, No. 2i, April 28, 1788. 
 
SWORD PRESENTED IN 1780 BY 
 
 BROTHER FREDERICK THE GREAT 
 
 TO 
 
 BROTHER GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 ACCOMPANIED WITH THE MESSAGE 
 'FROM THE OLDEST GENERAL OF THE WORLD TO THE GREATEST' 
 
 ( From Photo by Moore, Albany, N. Y., Through the courtesy of Bro. Edward B. Canline, 32°, 
 Master of Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem of Albany, N. Y., Chartered December 20, 1767) 
 
(By courtesy of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York) 
 
 HON. DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, 33° 
 
 Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council for the 
 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States ot America, 1813-1825 
 
HON. DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, 33" 
 
 SOVEREIGN GRAND COMMANDER OF THE SUPREME 
 COUNQL FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURIS- 
 DICTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 I8I3-I825— GRAND SECRETARY OF THE 
 GRAND LODGE OF NEW YORK, 1 801 TO 
 1805.— GRAND MASTER OF MASONS 
 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, 
 1820 AND I82I. 
 
 1774, June 21, born at Scarsdale, N. Y. 
 
 1795, graduated at Columbia College, New York. 
 
 1797, admitted to the Bar. 
 
 1801, elected member of State Legislature. 
 
 1801-1805, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of New York. 
 
 1804, JNlember of Congress. 
 
 1804-1807, Justice of the Supreme Court of New York. 
 
 1807-18 1 7, Governor of the State of New York. 
 
 1812-1815, Commander of the Third Military District during the 
 
 war. 
 1813-1825, Grand Commander ad vita in of the Supreme Council, 
 
 33°, for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United 
 
 States of America. 
 
 1816, elected Vice-President of the United States by 183 out of 
 
 217 Electoral votes. 
 
 1817, while Governor, sent a message to the Legislature recommend- 
 
 ing that a day be fixed for the abolition of slavery within 
 the borders of the State of New York. Acting upon this 
 suggestion the Legislature passed an act setting July 4, 
 1827, as the time when all slaves in the State should be 
 free. 
 1820, aspirant for the Presidential nomination. 
 
 1820, re-elected \^ice-President of the LTnited States by 215 out of 
 
 228 Electoral votes. 
 1820 and 1821, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State of 
 New York. 
 
 182 1, Chancellor of the L^niversity of New York. 
 1821, President of the State Constitutional Committee. 
 
THS. ancient accepted SCOTTISH RITE. l-^t) 
 
 During the war of 1812, Governor Tompkins became very 
 popular on account of his valuable services to the cause of our 
 country. 
 
 He organized the Militia, and sustained the credit of the United 
 States Government with his own private funds at a time when the 
 banks of New York refused to loan to the Government on its treasury 
 notes without his indorsement. 
 
 He used his large means in advancing money in all directions, to 
 enable the war to be prosecuted. 
 
 He maintained by his own personal means the Military Academy 
 at West Point. 
 
 Governor Tompkins paid for recruiting in Connecticut, and 
 sustained the workmen who manufactured arms at Springfield, 
 Mass. 
 
 He equipped 40,000 Militia, and sent them to the defense of 
 Plattsburg, Sacketts Harbor, Buffalo, and other points. 
 
 President Madison held Governor Tompkins in such high 
 esteem that he tendered him the portfolio of Secretary of State, 
 which was declined, with the explanation on his part that he could 
 serve his country to better advantage as Governor of the State of 
 New York than as a member of the President's Cabinet. 
 
 Throughout the country his great popularity is attested by the 
 many counties, towns, and societies which have perpetuated his 
 memory by adopting his name. 
 
 Tompkins Lodge, No. 471, of Tompkinsville, Staten Island, bears 
 his honored name. 
 
 He was one of the founders of the New York Historical Society, 
 of the City Schools of New York, and Chancellor of the University 
 of New York. 
 
 His useful life came to an end on June 11, 1825, at the age of 
 fifty-one years, into which activities seldom credited to any single 
 individual were crowded. His mortal remains rest in St. Mark's 
 churchyard, in the City of New York. 
 
 Our present Grand Master, M.-. W.-. Frank H. Robinson, 
 has urged upon the Craft in the State of New Yorlc the erection 
 of a suitable monument in honor of our Illustrious Brother 
 Daniel D. Tompkins, subscriptions to which fund will be grate- 
 fully acknowledged by its Treasurer, M.-. W.-. Edward M. L. 
 Ehlers, Grand Secretary, Masonic Hall, New York, N. Y. 
 
^By courtesy of the Scottish Rile Bodies of the Valley of Rochester, N. Y.) 
 
 The "Grand Old Man" of Freemasonry. 
 HON. HENRY L PALMER, 33° 
 
 Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction 
 of the United States of America, Elected September 17, 1879, and re-elected unani- 
 mously at the Triennial Sessions 1 882, 1885, r888, 1891, 1894, 1897, 1900, 
 and 1903. Born at Mount Pleasant, Pa., October 18, 1819. Raised 
 in Evening Star Lodge, No. 75, West Troy, N. Y., March 10, 
 1 841. Worshipful Master of Evening Star Lodge, 
 No, 75, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848. 
 
HON. HENRY L PALMER, 33° 
 
 " Therefore my age is as a lusty winter, 
 Frosty, but kindly.'' 
 
 Having filled the highest official position in every branch of 
 Freemasonry, Illustrious Brother Henry L Palmer, 33°, Sove- 
 reign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council for the Northern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America, from 1879 
 to the present time (1905), may well be regarded after sixty-four 
 years of uninterrupted Masonic activity as the foremost Freemason 
 in the world to-day. 
 
 Born at Mount Pleasant, Pa., October 18, 1819, he removed to 
 West Troy, N. Y., where as soon as he had reached his majority 
 his appHcation was presented for membership in Evening Star 
 Lodge, No. 75, F. and A. M., of West Troy, N. Y., in which he 
 was made a Master Mason on March 10, 1841. 
 
 Brother Palmer was Worshipful Master of Evening Star Lodge 
 in 1845, 1846, 1847, and 1848, and he is the oldest living Past 
 Master of any Lodge under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of 
 the State of New York. 
 
 His removal to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1849, technically deprives 
 him of official recognition as Dean of the Past Masters of the State 
 of New York. The Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of New York 
 for 1848 and 1849 contain the records of Worshipful Brother 
 Palmer''s impress upon the stirring events in those troublous times. 
 To his clear head and loyalty was largely due the peace that 
 followed. 
 
 His popularity with the Masonic Fraternity in the State of his 
 adoption may be judged by the remarkable record of official promi- 
 nence there achieved : 
 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, 1852, 1853. 
 T871, and 1872. 
 
 Grand Tligh Priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch 
 Masons of Wisconsin, 1858 and 1859. 
 
 Grand Master of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Mas- 
 ters of Wisconsin in 1853 and 1864. 
 
182 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Knights 
 Templar of Wisconsin, 1858 to 1865 inclusive. 
 
 Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar 
 of the United States of America, 1865 to 1868. 
 
 Brother Palmer was admitted to the Bar in the State of New 
 York as a very young man, and established himself in the practice 
 of the law when he chose Milwaukee as his home in 1849. 
 
 He became interested in politics, and served as a member of the 
 Wisconsin Assembly in 1853, i860, 1862, and 1873. 
 
 He was chosen Speaker of the Assembly in 1853, and again in 
 1862. 
 
 He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate in 1867 and 
 1868. 
 
 Brother Palmer was elected County Judge in 1873, which 
 office he resigned to become President of the Northwestern Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wis., in 1874, having 
 served the company as a Trustee from 1858. 
 
 Although past eighty-five years of age. Brother Palmer still 
 actively directs the aflfairs of the gigantic company of which for 
 thirty years he has been President, during which time its assets 
 have grown from $14,000,000 to over $200,000,000. 
 
 At the last Session of the Supreme Council held at Boston, 
 Mass., in September, 1904, Grand Commander Palmer presided 
 throughout the three days' session, and conferred in full ceremonial 
 form the Degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector-General in the pres- 
 ence of a distinguished gathering, including : 
 
 The Right Honorable the Earl of Euston, 33", of the Su- 
 preme Council for England and Wales, Supreme Grand 
 Master of the Great Priory of England and Wales, per- 
 sonal representative of His ]\Iajesty King Edward VII. 
 of England, 
 
 M." P.'. Bro." JA^[ES D. Rich.\rdsox, 33", Sovereign Grand 
 Commander of the Supreme Council for the Southern 
 ^lasonic Jurisdiction, United States of America. 
 
 M.". P.". Bro.". Isaac H. Stearns, 33°, Sovereign Grand 
 Commander of the Supreme Council for the Dominion of 
 Canada, 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 183 
 
 111.'. Bro.'. Frederick Webber, 33", Grand Secretary-General, 
 111.'. Bro.'. George F. Moore, 33°, Grand Minister of State, 
 111.'. Bro.'. W. Frank Pierce, 33°, Grand Treasurer-General, 
 111.*. Bro.'. Richard J. Nunn, 33°, Grand Almoner, 
 
 All of the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction, 
 United States of America. 
 111.'. Bro.'. Angus William Hooper, 33°, Grand Master Gen- 
 eral of Ceremonies of the Supreme Council for the Domin- 
 ion of Canada. 
 111.'. Bro.'. Charles Fitzgerald Matier, 33", of the Supreme 
 Council for England and Wales. 
 
 Also the following Honorary Members of the Supreme Council 
 for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America : 
 
 111.'. Bro.'. Allison Nailor, 33°, of Washington, D. C. 
 111.'. Bro.'. Isaac P. Noyes, 33°, of Washington, D. C. 
 111.'. Bro.' William Oscar Roome, 33", of Washington, D. C. 
 111.'. Bro.". George E. Corson, 33°, of Washington, D. C. 
 
 GRAND COMMANDER PALMER 
 
 IS ONE OF THE SIX SURVIVORS OF 
 
 THE FIFTY-SEVEN HONORED BRETHREN 
 WHO CONSUMMATED THE UNION OF i867 
 
 WHEN THE PREVIOUSLY UNITED CERNEAU=RAVMOND COUNCIL 
 WAS AMALQAMATED WITH 
 
 THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION 
 
 FORMING THE PRESENT SUPREHE COUNCIL, THE 
 
 ONE AND ONLY ONE QOVERNINQ BODY IN THIS TERRITORY 
 
 THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION 
 
 OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 SEPTEMBER J7, J903 
 
 ACTIVE, EMERITUS, AND PAST ACTIVE MEMBERS 
 
 (See opposite page.) 
 For Office, Dates of Patents, and Residence, see following pages. 
 
 1. Henry L Palmer. 
 
 2. Samuel C. Lawrence. 
 
 3. John C. Smith. 
 
 4. D. BuRNHAM Tracy. 
 
 5. Samuel Wells. (i) 
 
 6. Gilbert W. Barnard. 
 
 7. George W. Currier. 
 
 8. James Isaac Buchanan. 
 
 9. Marsh O. Perkins. 
 
 10. Barton Smith. 
 
 11. David N. Kinsman. 
 
 12. Hugh McCurdy. 
 
 13. Newton D. Arnold. 
 
 14. James H. Codding. 
 
 15. Marquis F. King. (2) 
 
 16. George W. Guthrie. 
 
 17. Robert A. Shirrefs. 
 
 18. John Ca\'en.(3) 
 
 19. \^ 'alter a. Stevens. 
 
 20. WiLLIAJI HOMAN. 
 
 21. Abraham T. Metcalf. 
 
 22. George O. Tyler. 
 
 23. Charles C. Hutchinson. 
 
 24. Amos Pettibone. 
 
 25. George H. Kenyon. 
 
 26. Brenton D. Babcock. 
 
 27. John L. Stettinius.(4) 
 
 28. Frank M. Highley. 
 
 29. Henry B. Ouinby. 
 
 30. Daniel W. Lawrence. 
 
 31. Robert E. Patterson. 
 
 32. Thomas E. Balding. 
 
 33. Henry C. Urner. 
 
 34. Francis A. Blades. 
 
 35. Athanasius Colo-Veloxi. 
 
 36. \\'iLLiAM p. Preble. 
 
 37. George H. Benzenberg. 
 
 38. Syl\-ester O. Spring. 
 
 39. Andrew B. Frazee. (5) 
 
 40. William Geake. 
 
 41. William C. Mason. 
 
 42. Samuel B. Sweet. 
 
 43. Abel G. Cook. 
 
 44. Joseph W. Fellows. 
 
 45. Henry O. Canfield. 
 
 46. George W. Millar. 
 
 47. Charles T. Gallagher. 
 
 48. Charles L. Hubbard. 
 
 49. Millard F. Hicks. 
 
 (i) Died October ,s. I903- 
 
 (2) Died October 21, 1904. 
 
 (3) Died March 9, 1905. 
 
 (4) Died March 19, 1904. 
 
 (5) Died March 28, 1904. 
 
OFFICERS AND ACTIVE MEMBERS 
 OF 
 
 THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 OF 
 
 SOVEREIGN GRAND INSPECTORS-GENERAL OF THE 
 
 THIRTY-THIRD AND LAST DEGREE OF THE 
 
 ANQENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 GRAND EAST, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 J903-I906 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Henry L Palmer, 33° M.'. P.'. Sov.'. Gr.'. Commander. 
 
 Samuel Crocker Lawrence, 33".^ '. Gr:. Lieut:. Commander. 
 
 John C. Smith, 33° Gr.-. Minister of State. 
 
 William Castein Maso.x. 33°. . Deputy for Maine. 
 
 George W. Currier, 33" Deputy for New Hampshire. 
 
 Marsh O. Perkins, 33° Deputy for Vermont. 
 
 Charles C. Hutchinson, 33° . . .Deputy for Massachusetts 
 
 George H. Kenyon, 33° Deputy for Rhode Island.. 
 
 Charles L. Hubbard, 33° Deputy for Connecticut. 
 
 William Homan, 33" Deputy for New York. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 187 
 
 Robert A. Shirrefs^ 33° Deputy for New Jersey. 
 
 James Isaac Buchanan, 33°. . .Deputy for Pennsylvania. 
 
 Brenton D. Babcock, 33'' Deputy for Ohio. 
 
 Hugh McCurdy, 33° Deputy for Michigan. 
 
 William Geake, 33° Deputy for Indiana. 
 
 Amos Pettibone, 33° Deputy for Illinois. 
 
 Thomas E. Balding^ 33° Deputy for Wisconsin. 
 
 Newton D. Arnold, 33° Gr.'. Treasurer-General H .'. E. . 
 
 James H. Codding, 33° Gr.'. Secretary-General H .'. E.'. 
 
 Charles C. Hutchinson, 33°. .Gr.'. Keeper of the Archives. 
 
 Thomas E. Balding, 33" Gr.'. Master-Gen.', of Ceremonies 
 
 Robert E. Patterson, 33° Gr . Marshal-General. 
 
 William Geake, 33" Gr.'. Standard-Bearer. 
 
 George O. Tyler, 33° Gr.' Captain of Guard. 
 
 Rev. Josiah L. Seward, D.D., 33" Gr.'. Prior. 
 
 George W. Kendrick, Jr., 33°. .Marshal of the Camp. 
 
 George M. Moulton, 33" Marshal of the Camp. 
 
 Nicholas Coulson, 33° Marshal of the Camp. 
 
 Horace A. Irvin, 33" Marshal of the Camp. 
 
 Robert C. Titus, 33° Gr.'. Almoner. 
 
 Herbert Harris, 33° Gr.'. Organist. 
 
 Theodore H. Emmons, 33" Gr. . Seneschal. 
 
 Stephen D. Affleck, 33° Gr.'. Master of Transportation. 
 
 TRUSTEES OF PERMANENT FUND 
 
 Barton Smith, 
 Samuel C. Lawrence, 
 Daniel W. Lawrence, 
 Charles T. Gallagher, 
 Newton D. Arnold, 
 Henry L Palmer, 
 Charles C. Hutchinson, 
 
 Term expires 1905 
 
 1906 
 
 1907 
 
 1908 
 
 1909 
 
 1910 
 
 1911 
 
188 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 ACTIVE MEMBERS 
 
 WITH THE DATES OF THEIR RESPECTIVE PATENTS. 
 
 Date of Receiving Date of Active 
 
 the 33d Degree. Membership. 
 
 David Burnham Tracy, 
 
 Detroit, Mich May 21, 1862. . .May 22, 1862 
 
 Henry L Palmer, 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis Aug. 6, 1863. . .Oct. 20, 1864 
 
 Samuel Crocker Lawrence, 
 
 Medford, Mass Dec. 20, 1864. . .Dec. 14, 1866 
 
 Walter Augustus Stevens, 
 
 Chicago, 111 April 27, 1867. . .April 27, 1867 
 
 Abraham Tolles Metcalf, 
 
 Battle Creek, Mich May 2, 1867. . .May 2, 1867 
 
 George Otis Tyler, 
 
 Burlington, Vt Nov. 13, 1873. . .Aug. 19, 1875 
 
 Brenton Daniel Babcock, 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio Nov. 13, 1873. . .Sept. 22, 1881 
 
 Robert Emmett Patterson, 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa Sept. 22, 1880. . .Sept. 19, 1882 
 
 Newton Darling Arnold, 
 
 Providence, R. I June 17, 1870... Sept. 20, 1882 
 
 John Corson Smith, 
 
 Chicago, 111 Aug. 19, 1875. . .Sept. 27, 1883 
 
 Hugh McCurdy, 
 
 Corunna, Mich Nov. 13, 1873. . .Sept. 27, 1883 
 
 George Washington Currier, 
 
 Nashua, N. H Sept. 20, 1887. . .Sept. 18, 1889 
 
 James Isaac Buchanan, 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa Sept. 16, 1890. . .Sept. 17, 1890 
 
 Gilbert Wordsworth Barnard, 
 
 Chicago, 111 Nov. 13, 1873. . .Sept. 15, 1891 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 189 
 
 Date of Receiving Date of Active 
 
 the 33d Degree. Membership. 
 
 Marsh Olin Perkins, 
 
 Windsor, Vt Sept. 23, 1884. . .Sept. 15, 1891 
 
 James Hodge Codding, 
 
 Towanda, Pa Sept. 15, 1891 . . .Sept. 18, 18^4 
 
 Barton Smith, 
 
 Toledo, Ohio Sept. 20, 1887. . .Sept. 20, 1894 
 
 Thomas Evans Balding, 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis Sept. 19, 1882. . .Sept. 17, 1895 
 
 David Nathaniel Kinsman, M.D., 
 
 Columbus, Ohio Sept. 15, 1885. . .Sept. 17, 1895 
 
 George Wilkins Guthrie, 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa Sept 15, 1885. . .Sept. 17, 1895 
 
 Robert Archibald Shirrefs, 
 
 Elizabeth, N. J Sept. 18, 1894. . .Sept. 19, 1895 
 
 William Homan, 
 
 New York, N. Y Sept. 18, 1894. . .Sept. 19, 1895 
 
 Charles Carroll Hutchinson, 
 
 Lowell, Mass Aug. 19, 1875. . .Sept. 16, 1896 
 
 Amos Pettibone, 
 
 Chicago, 111 Sept. 16, 1879. • -Sept. 16, 1896 
 
 George Henry KenVon, M.D., 
 
 Providence, R. I Sept. 17, 1889. . .Sept. 16, 1896 
 
 Francis Marion Highley, 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa Sept. 16, 1890. . .Sept. 22, 1897 
 
 Henry Brewer Quinby, 
 
 Lakeport, N. H Sept. 16, 1890. . .Sept. 23, 1897 
 
 Daniel Warren Lawrence, 
 
 Medford, Mass Nov. 21, 1862... Sept. 21, 1898 
 
 Henry Clay Urner, 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio Nov. 13, 1873. . .Sept. 19, 1899 
 
190 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Date of Receiving Date of Active 
 
 the 33d Degree. Membership. 
 
 George Henry Benzenberg, 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis Sept. 14, 1886. . .Sept. 19, 1899 
 
 Sylvester Omar Spring, 
 
 Peoria, 111 Sept. 19, 1893. . .Sept. 19, 1899 
 
 Abel Gay Cook, 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y Sept. 19, 1877. . .Sept. 18, 1900 
 
 William Geake, 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind Sept. 17, 1889. . .Sept. 18, 1900 
 
 William Castein Mason, M.D., 
 
 Bangor, Maine Sept. 15, 1891 . . .Sept. 17, 1902 
 
 Samuel Burke Sweet, 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind Sept. 15, 1885. . .Sept. 17, 1902 
 
 Joseph Warren Fellows, 
 
 Manchester, N. H Aug. 20, 1874. . .Sept. 18, 1902 
 
 Millard Fillmore Hicks^ 
 
 Portland, Maine Sept. 18, 1894. . .Sept. 16, 1903 
 
 George William Millar, 
 
 New York, N. Y Sept. 15, 1885. . .Sept. 16, 1903 
 
 Charles Learned Hubbard, 
 
 Norwich, Conn Sept. 18, 1894. . .Sept. 16, 1903 
 
 Henry Ogden Canfield, 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn Sept. 17, 1901 . . .Sept. 16, 1903 
 
 Charles Theodore Gallagher^ 
 
 Boston, Mass Sept. 18, 1900. . .Sept. 16, 1903 
 
 EMERITUS MEMBERS 
 
 Date of Receiving 
 the 33(1 Degree. 
 
 Athanasius Colo-Veloni Brooklyn, N. Y. .May 15, 1849 
 
 Francis AsBURY Blades Detroit, Mich... May 22, 1863 
 
 PAST ACTIVE MEMBER 
 
 William Pitt Preble New Brighton, N. Y. .May 21, 1862 
 
SOVEREIGN GRAND INSPECTORS-GENERAL 
 
 OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL, 33° 
 
 ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE, NORTHERN MASONIC 
 JURISDICTION 
 
 Residents of the State of New York. 
 
 ACTIVE MEMBEBIS 
 
 William Homan, 33°, Deputy for the State of New York, 
 
 450 Water Street, New York. 
 
 Abel G. Cook, 33" 17 Snow Building, Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 George W. Millar, 33° 64 Duane Street, New York. 
 
 EMERITUS MEMBER 
 
 Athanasius Colo-Veloni, 33" Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 FOR THE STATE OF NEW YORK, 
 
 With Place of Residence, Name of the Consistory to which 
 
 they are accredited, and Date of receiving 33° 
 
 Alfred Woodham, 33° Brooklyn 
 
 New York, October 24, 1849. 
 
 Joseph J. Jennings, 33" . , Brooklyn 
 
 New York, September 18, 1861. 
 
 Seymour H. Stone, 33" Syracuse 
 
 Central City, June 7, 1866. 
 
 Edwin J. Loomis, 33" Chenango Lake 
 
 Otseningo, June 17, 1870. 
 
 Edward H. Brown, 33° Syracuse 
 
 Central City, February 7, 1872. 
 
 Walter M. Fleming, 33° New York 
 
 New York, September 19, 1872. 
 
 Aaron L. Northrop, 33° New York 
 
 New York, September 19, 1872. 
 
192 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 John L. Sage^ 33" Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, November 14, 1873. 
 
 Jesse B. Anthony, 33" Troy. 
 
 Albany, August 19, 1874. 
 
 Benjamin F. Stiles, 33" Skaneateles. 
 
 Albany, August 20, 1874. 
 
 James Ten Eyck, 33° Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 19, 1877. 
 
 George W. Gilbert, 33" New York. 
 
 New York, September 18, 1878. 
 
 Edward M. L. Ehlers, 33° New York 
 
 New York, September 20, 1881. 
 
 William Lincoln Sage, 33" New York. 
 
 Rochester, September 20, 1881. 
 
 William S. Paterson, 33° New York 
 
 New York, September 19, 1882. 
 
 John N. Macomb, 33° Lawrence, Kan. 
 
 Rochester, September 19, 1882. 
 
 Herman Henry Russ, 33° Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 25, 1883. 
 
 Charles Warren Torrey, 33° Staten Island. 
 
 New York, September 23, 1884. 
 
 Joseph Bell Eakins, 33" New York. 
 
 New York, September 23, 1884. 
 
 Austin Cook Wood, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 23, 1884. 
 
 Charles Parsons Clark, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 15, 1885. 
 
 John Boyd Thacher, 33" Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 15, 1885. 
 
 Hiram Bartlett Berry, 33" Warwick. 
 
 Corning, September 15, 1885. 
 
 George Washington Fuller, 33" Corning. 
 
 Corning, September 15, 1885. 
 
 Willard Allen Pearce, 33° New York 
 
 New York, September 15, 1885. 
 
 J. Edward Simmons, 33° New York. 
 
 New York (At large), September 15, 1885. 
 
 William A. Brodie, 33° Geneseo. 
 
 Rochester (At large), September 15, 1885. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 193 
 
 William Joseph Lawless, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 15, 1885. 
 
 Albert Becker, Jr., 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Central City, September 14, 1886. 
 
 Foster Ely, 33° Ridgefield, Conn. 
 
 Rochester, September 14, 1886. 
 
 John W. Richardson, 33° Brooklyn 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 20, 1887. 
 
 Joseph P. Abel, 33° Lebanon, Conn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 20, 1887. 
 
 Richard H. Parker, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 20, 1887. 
 
 Frank R. Lawrence, 33° New York. 
 
 New York (At large) , September 26, 1887. 
 
 Hiram W. Plumb, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 18, 1888. 
 
 William E. Fitch, 33" Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 18, 1888. 
 
 George McGown, 33° Palmyra. 
 
 Rochester, September 18, 1888. 
 
 Edwin A. Thrall, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 18, 1888. 
 
 James McGee, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 New York, September 20, 1888. 
 
 George H. Clarke, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 17, 1889. 
 Warren C. Hubbard, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Rochester, September 17, 1889. 
 
 Edward F. Jones, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 17, 1889. 
 
 Byron S. Frisbie, 33" Utica. 
 
 Central City, September 17, 1889. 
 Frederic A. Benson, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 17, 1889. 
 
 Daniel M. MacLellan, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 17, 1889. 
 
 Thomas R. Lombard, 33" Chicago, 111. 
 
 New York, September 23, 1889. 
 
 Arthur Mac Arthur, 33° Troy. 
 
 Albany, September 16, 1890. 
 
194 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 William Story, 33° Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 16, 1890. 
 
 Stephen D. Affleck, 33" New York 
 
 New York, September 16, 1890. 
 
 Charles T. Griffith, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 16, 1890. 
 
 Thomas Moore, 33" New York 
 
 New York, September 16, 1890. 
 
 Edwin D. Washburne, 33° New York. 
 
 Atirora Grata, September 16, 1890. 
 
 J. Leavitt Lambert, 33" Hoosick Falls. 
 
 Albany, September 16, 1890. 
 
 William Sherer, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata (At large), December i, 1891. 
 
 Edwin Charles Tallcott, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 20, 1892. 
 
 Omar Alexander Hine, 33" Canton. 
 
 Central City, September 20, 1892. 
 
 Alfred Goold Wright, 33" Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 20, 1892. 
 
 George W. Van Buskirk, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 New York, September 20, 1892. 
 
 Nathan Webster Josselyn, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 20, 1892. 
 Saram R. Ellison, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 19, 1893. 
 William John Duncan, 33^" New York. 
 
 New York, September 19, 1893. 
 Elon Galusha Brown, 33° Utica. 
 
 Central City, September 19, 1893. 
 
 John Henry Duncan, 33° Silver Springs. 
 
 Central City, September 19, 1893. 
 
 William A. Sutherland, 33" Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 19, 1893. 
 
 Stephen Viele Sturtevant, 33° West Troy. 
 
 Albany, September 19, 1893. 
 Charles Crawford, 33" New York. 
 
 New York, September 18, 1894. 
 
 Charles H. Armatage, 33° Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 18, 1894. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 195 
 
 Frank B. Goble, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 18, 1894. 
 
 Amos S. Edwards, 33" Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 18, 1894. 
 
 Robert D. Williams, 33° Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 18, 1894. 
 
 John Stewart, 33° New York 
 
 New York (At large), September 17, 1895. 
 
 George Wood, 33°, New York 
 
 New York, September 17, 1895. 
 
 William J. Matthews, 33° New York, 
 
 New York, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Robert B. Stiles, 33° Lansingburg. 
 
 Albany, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Edwin C. Hall, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Horace G. Stone, 33" Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Joseph C. Moore, 33" Corning. 
 
 Corning, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Hugh H. Kendall, 33" Corning. 
 
 Corning, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Horace A. Noble, 33" Buffalo 
 
 Buffalo, September 17, 1895. 
 John L. Brothers, 33° Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 17, 1895. 
 
 George L. Brown, 33" Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Robert C. Titus, 33° Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 17, 1895. 
 George A. Newell, 33° Medina. 
 
 Rochester, September 17, 1895. 
 Frank H. Vick, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 17, 1895. 
 
 Claudius F. Beatty, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 15, 1896. 
 
 John W. Sisson, 33" New York. 
 
 New York, September 16, 1896. 
 
 T. Jeff Stevens, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 16, 1896. 
 
196 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Augustus K. Sloan, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 15, 1896. 
 
 J. HuNGERFORD Smith, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 15, 1896. 
 
 Edward W. Hatch, 33" Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 15, 1896. 
 
 Clarence L. Woodward, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 15, 1896. 
 
 Erastus C. Delavan, 33° Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 15, 1896. 
 
 Truman S. Pritchard, 33° Corning. 
 
 Coming, September 15, 1896. 
 
 James H. Lloyd, 33° Troy. 
 
 Albany, September 15, 1896. 
 
 Charles D. Bingham, 33" Watertown. 
 
 Central City, September 15, i8g6, 
 
 Marvin I. Greenwood, 33" Newark. 
 
 Rochester, September 15, 1896. 
 
 Charles T. Dunwell, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 21, 1897. 
 
 T. Henry Dumary, 33° Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 21, 1897. 
 
 Francis G. Ward, 33" Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 21, 1897. 
 
 Joel H. Prescott, 33° Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 21, 1897. 
 
 John Anderson, 33° Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 21, 1897. 
 
 David M. Johnson, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 21, 1897. 
 
 William W. Sisson, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 21, 1897. 
 
 Walter M. Hand, 33° Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 21, 1897. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, 33° New York. 
 
 New York (At large), September 21, 1897. 
 Charles E. Sickels, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 New York (At large), September 21, 1897. 
 
 Henry Stowell, 33° Troy. 
 
 Albany, September 20, 1898. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 197 
 
 Calvin W. Eaton, 33" .Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 20, 1898. 
 
 William E. Demarest, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 20, 1898. 
 
 John T. Newell, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Central City, September 20, i8g8. 
 
 Thomas Brooks, 33" Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 20, 1898. 
 
 Dexter D. Curtis, 33° Elmira. 
 
 Corning, September 20, 1898. 
 
 Charles H. Luscomb, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 20, 1898. 
 
 Charles E. Hayes, 33" Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 20, 1898. 
 
 Benno Loewy, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 19, 1899. 
 
 Joseph W. Roberts, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 19, 1899. 
 
 James Belknap, 33° New York. 
 
 New York (At large), September 19, 1899. 
 
 Joseph D. Craig, 33° Albany. 
 
 Albany, September ig, 1899. 
 
 John H. Lindsay, 33" Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 19, 1899. 
 
 George C. Hanford, 33" Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 19, 1899. 
 
 Frederick W. Putnam, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 19, 1899. 
 
 William H. Kephart, 33° , New York. 
 
 Otseningo, September 19, 1899. 
 
 John G. Allen, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 19, 1899. 
 
 William S. Lewis, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 19, 1899. 
 
 Walter D. Greene, 33° Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 19, 1899. 
 
 Clarence B. Marter, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 18, 1900. 
 
 Marston R. Cockey, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 18, 1900. 
 
198 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Abel M. Woodworth, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 18, 1900. 
 
 John D. Acker, 33 " Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 18, 1900. 
 
 Jay B. Kline, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 18, 1900. 
 
 John B. Colman, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 18, igoo. 
 
 Samuel Root, 33" Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 18, 1900. 
 
 Theodore P. Calkin, 33° Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 18, igoo. 
 
 Thomas Hillson, 33" New York. 
 
 New York, September 17, igoi. 
 
 Henry Edebohls, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 17, igoi. 
 
 William W. Share, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 17, 1901. 
 
 John A. H. Dressel, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 17, igoi. 
 
 George F. Crosman, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 17, 1901. 
 
 Frank B. Hower, 33° Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 17, 1901. 
 
 William W. Newell, 33° Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 17, igoi. 
 
 William H. Lyons, 33" Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 17, 1901. 
 
 Whitney V. Parke, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 16, igo2. 
 John W. Cutler, 33° Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 16, 1902. 
 
 Theodore M. Barber, 33° Syracuse. 
 
 Central City, September 16, 1902. 
 
 Timothy M. Cheesman, 33" Garrisons. 
 
 New York, September 16, 1902. 
 
 Edward Hiscox Watson, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September IS, 1903. 
 William Ogden Campbell, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 15, 1903. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 199 
 
 Edward Richardson Knowles, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Horace Wardner Eggleston, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Austin Sylvester Bump^ 33° Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Herbert Leary, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Willis Wood Rice, 33° Watertown. 
 
 Central City, September 15, 1903. 
 
 John Cohosh, 33° Corning. 
 
 Corning, September 15, 1903. 
 
 William Henry Butler, 33'' Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Clarence Henry Sandford, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Joseph Fowler, 33" Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Frederick Christian Seitz, 33" Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 15, 1903. 
 
 Thomas Andrew Lewis, 33" New York. 
 
 New York, September 20, 1904. 
 
 John Lloyd Thomas, 33° New York. 
 
 New York, September 20, 1904. 
 
 George Henry Woolley, 33° Buffalo. 
 
 Buffalo, September 20, 1904. 
 
 Charles Vogel, 33° Rochester. 
 
 Rochester, September 20, 1904. 
 
 Robert Hooper Weems, 33" Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 20, 1904. 
 
 John Laubenheimer, 33'' Albany. 
 
 Albany, September 20, 1904. 
 
 William Ottowell Buckland, 33" Binghamton. 
 
 Otseningo, September 20, T904. 
 
 Charles Theodore Lunt, 33" New York. 
 
 New York, September 20, 1904. 
 
 Robert Judson Kenworthy, 33° Brooklyn. 
 
 Aurora Grata, September 20, 1904. 
 
HONORARY MEMBERS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 FROM OTHER JURISDICTIONS 
 
 AI.'. P.". Nathaniel George Philips, 33°, Sovereign Grand Com 
 mander of the Supreme Council for England, Wales, etc. 
 
 M:. P.'. John Valentine Ellis, 33", St. John, N. B., Past Sover- 
 eign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council for Canada. 
 
 M.'. P.'. PoRFiRio Diaz, 33'', Sovereign Grand Commander ad 
 vitam of the Supreme Council for Mexico. 
 
 M.'. P . Luis Pombo, 33°, Past Sovereign Grand Commander of the 
 Supreme Council for Mexico. 
 
 III.'. Juan L. Castellanos, 33", Past Grand Secretary-Genera) 
 H.'. E.'. of the Supreme Council for Mexico. 
 
 M.". P.". Isaac Henry Stearns, 33°, Past Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander of the Supreme Council for Canada. 
 
 III.'. Hugh Murray, 33", Past Grand Secretary-General of the 
 Supreme Council for Canada. 
 
 III.'. Rafael de Zayas Enriquez, 33°, Past Grand Minister of 
 State of the Supreme Council for Mexico. 
 
 M.'. P.". James D. Richardson, 33°, Sovereign Grand Commander 
 of the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction, U. S. A. 
 
 III.'. Martin Collins, 33", Grand Chancellor of the Supreme 
 Council for the Southern Jurisdiction, U. S. A. 
 
 III.'. Frederick Webber, 33", Grand Secretary-General of the 
 Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction, U. S. A. 
 
SUPREME COUNCILS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 RECOGNIZED BY AND 
 
 IN RELATIONS OF AMITY WITH THE SUPREME COUNCIL 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF 
 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR THE SOUTHERN 
 
 MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED 
 
 STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 Hon. James D. Richardson, 33°, 433 Third Street N. W., Wash- 
 ington, D. C, M.*. P.'. Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 III.- Frederick Webber, 33°, 433 Third Street N. W., Wash- 
 ington, D. C, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
 III.'. Martin Collins, 33°, St. Louis, Mo., Representative of this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 III.". Samuel C. Lawrence, 33°, 28 Lancaster Street, Boston, 
 Mass., Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR FRANCE AND 
 
 DEPENDENCIES 
 
 III.'. Jean Marie Raymond, 33°, Paris, M.'. P.'. Sovereign Grand 
 Commander. 
 
 III.'. Robert Giroust, 33°, 42 Rue Rochechouart, Paris, Grand 
 Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
 III.'. Henri Limousin, 33°, Paris, Representative of this Supreme 
 Council. 
 
 III.'. Thomas E. Balding, 33", Milwaukee, Wis., Representative 
 near this Supreme Council. 
 
 (14) 
 
202 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33% FOR ENGLAND, WALES, AND 
 DEPENDENCIES OF THE BRITISH CROWN 
 
 H. I. H. Edward VII., King of England, 33°, Grand Patron. 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel George Philips, 33", 33 Golden Square, London, 
 M.\ P.". Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. J. C. F. Tower, 33°, 33 Golden Square, London, Secretary to 
 the Supreme Council. 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel George Philips, 33", 33 Golden Square, London, 
 Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. Daniel W. Lawrence, 33"^, Medford, Mass., Representative 
 near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR SCOTLAND 
 
 The Right Hon. The Earl of Kintore, 33°, M.'. P.'. Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. J. H. Balfour Melville, 33°, Freemasons' Hall, 74 Queen 
 Street, Edinburgh, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
 The Right Hon. The Earl of Haddington, 33°, Representative of 
 this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.' John Corson Smith, 33°, 65 Sibley Street, Chicago, 111., 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR IRELAND 
 
 The Right Hon. Hedges Eyre Chatterton; 33", M.'. P.". Sover- 
 eign Grand Commander. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. a. Vesey Davoren, 33°, 4 Seaview Terrace, Donny- 
 brook, Co. Dublin, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 203 
 
 The Right Hon. Hedges Eyre Chatterton, 33", Representative 
 of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. Brenton D. Babcock, 33", Cleveland, Ohio, Representative 
 near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR BELGIUM 
 
 CoMTE Goblet d'Alviella, 33°, Bruxelles, M.'. P.". Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. Charles Janssen, 33", Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
 III. . GuSTAV Washer, 33°, Bruxelles, Representative of this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 III.*. William Homan, 33", 450 Water Street, New York, N. Y., 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 Address of the Supreme Council, " M. Celpes, 15 Rue des Ursulines, 
 Bruxelles, Belgique." 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR BRAZIL 
 
 VALLEY OF LAVRADIO. 
 
 Gen. Quintino Bocayuva, 33°, M.". P.'. Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander. 
 
 III.*, a. Pinto Mendes, 33", 81 Rua do Lavradio, Rio de Janeiro, 
 Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.*. 
 
 Dr. Francisco Jose Cardoza, Jr., 33", Representative of this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. William Homan, 33", 450 Water Street, New York, N. Y., 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
204 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 SUPREME COUNQL, 33°, FOR THE ARGENTINE 
 REPUBLIC 
 
 III.'. Emilio Gouchon, 33'', Buenos Ayres, M.". P.'. Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. Faustino Jorge, 33", 1242 Cangallo, Buenos Ayres, Grand 
 Secretary-Gene'ral H.'. E.'. 
 
 III. . Faustino Jorge, 33", Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. John Corson Smith, 33°, 65 Sibley Street, Chicago, III, 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNQL, 33°, FOR URUGUAY 
 
 III.'. C. de Castro, 33°, M.". P.". Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 III.-, p. Velazco y Gallego, 33°, Avenida de la Paz 277, Monte- 
 video, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
 III.'. Joaquin Canabal, 33", Alontevideo, Representative of this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. George \^'. Guthrie, 33°, Pittsburg, Representative near this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR PERU 
 
 CoL. Alejandro Rivera, 33°, Lima, IM.'. P.'. Sovereign Grand 
 Commander. 
 
 III.- Carloz Paz Soldan, 33°, Apartado Postal 847, Lima, Min- 
 ister of State and Acting Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
 , Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. James H. Codding, 33°, 133 Stewart Building, 280 Broadway, 
 New York, N. Y., Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 205 
 
 GRANDE ORIENT LUSITANO UNIDO SUPREMO 
 CONSELHO, 33°, DE MACONARIA PORTUGUEZA. 
 
 III.'. Augusto Sebastiao de Castro Guedes, 33", Lisbon, M.'. P.'. 
 Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 III.*. Guillierme A. F. Gomez, 33", 35 Travessa do Guarda, Lis- 
 bon, Grand Secretary-General H.". £.■ 
 
 Dr. Antonio M. Da Cunha Bellem, 33°, Lisbon, Representative 
 of this Supreme Council. 
 
 , Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR ITALY, ORIENT AT ROME 
 
 III.'. Adraino Lemmi, 33", Palazzo Borghese, Roma, M.'. P.". 
 Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 Prof. Aurelio Costanzo, 33°, Grand Secretary-General H.*. E.'. 
 
 Dr. Teofilo Gay, 33°, Luserna San Giovanni (prov. di Torino), 
 Italy, Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.. Samuel C. Lawrence, 33", Boston, Mass., Representative 
 near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR MEXICO 
 
 Gen. J. Alonso Flores, 33*", City of Mexico, M. . P.'. Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. Jose de la Paz Alvarez, 33", 44 Calle de la Estampa de San 
 Andres, City of Mexico, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.' 
 
 III.'. Ignacio Mariscal, 33°, City of Mexico, Representative of this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
206 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 III.'. James Isaac Buchanan, 33°, P. O. Box 968, Pittsburg, Pa., 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. Hugh McCurdy, 33°, Corunna, Mich., Honorary Member. 
 
 III.'. William Homan, 33", 450 Water Street, New York, N. Y., 
 Honorary Member. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR NEW GRANADA. 
 
 (now united states of COLOMBIA.) 
 
 III.'. Fulgencio Segrera, 33°, Cartajena, M.'. P.'. Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. Octavio Baena, 33", Cartajena, Grand Secretary-General 
 H.-. E.'. 
 
 III. . Rafael Hernandez, 33°, Cartajena, Representative of this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 , Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR CHILI 
 
 III.'. B. Alamos Gonzales, 33°, Valparaiso, M.'. P.'. Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. B. Cadiz, 33", Calle Victoria 19, Valparaiso, Grand Secretary- 
 General H.'. E.'. 
 
 , Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 
 , Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR CENTRAL AMERICA 
 
 Dr. Juan Padilla, M., 33", Guatemala, M.'. P.'. Sovereign Grand 
 Commander. 
 
 III.'. J. H. Arton, 33'', Callejon Manchen No. 4, Guatemala, Grand 
 Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 207 
 
 Dr. Juan Padilla, 33°, 3 12a Ave. Sur, Guatemala, Representative 
 of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. Marsh O. Perkins, 33°, Windsor, Vt., Representative near 
 this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR GREECE 
 
 , M.'. P.". Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 , Grand Secretary-General H." E.'. 
 
 III.-. John Corson Smith, 33°, 65 Sibley Street, Chicago, 111., 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNQL, 33°, FOR THE DOMINION OF 
 
 CANADA 
 
 III.*. William Gibson, 33'", Hamilton, Ont, M.". P.-. Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. William H. Ballard, 33°, Hamilton, Ont., Grand Secretary- 
 General H.'. E.'. 
 
 III.'. Hugh A. Mackay, 33", Berlin, Ont., Representative of this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 III.'. Barton Smith, 33°, Toledo, Ohio, Representative near this 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL OF COLON, 33°, FOR CUBA AND 
 THE WEST INDIES 
 
 III.'. Octavio Rodriguez Perez, 33°, Cuba, M.'. P.'. Sovereign 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 III.'. Francisco de P. Rodriguez, 33°, Estrella 20, Habana, Island 
 of Cuba, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
208 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 III.'. Jose Garcia Padron^ 33'', Representative of this Supreme 
 Council. 
 
 III. . Amos Pettibone, 33'", 178 Monroe Street, Chicago, 111., 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR SWITZERLAND 
 
 III.*. Eugene Rechard^ 33°, Lausanne, M.". P.'. Sovereign Grand 
 Commander. 
 
 III.'. Alfred Pingoud^ 33°, 12 Place de la Cathedrale, Grand Sec- 
 retary-General H.'. E.'. 
 
 , Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III. . Robert A. Shirrefs, 33°, Elizabeth, N. J., Representative 
 near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33% FOR EGYPT 
 
 -. J\l.'. P.'. Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 -, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E.'. 
 -, Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 -, Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNQL, 33°, FOR TUNIS 
 
 -, M.'. P.'. Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 -, Grand Secretary-General H.'. E. . 
 -, Representative of this Supreme Council. 
 -, Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 209 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR SPAIN 
 
 III.'. Jose Marques, 33", M.'. P.". Sovereign Grand Commander, 
 Grand Master. 
 
 III.'. Eduardo C. de Puga, 33", 27 Libertad, Madrid, Grand Secre- 
 tary-General. 
 
 III.'. Eduardo C. de Puga, 33°, Representative of this Supreme 
 Council. 
 
 , Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR VENEZUELA 
 
 III.". Federico Roig Febles, 33", M.\ P.". Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander. 
 
 III.". Francisco Brito, 33°, Caracas, Venezuela, Grand Secretary 
 and Grand Chancellor. 
 
 III.". Lorenzo Badillo, 33", Representative of this Supreme 
 Council. 
 
 III.". George M. Moulton, 33", Marquette Building, Chicago, H; . 
 Representative near this Supreme Council. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL, 33°, FOR PARAGUAY 
 
 III.". Cristian G. Heisecke, 33°, M.". P.'. Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander. 
 
 III.'. Francisco S. Pastor, 33°, Casilla de Correo No. 293, Asun- 
 cion, Paraguay, Grand Secretary-General. 
 
 III."- Alfonse Berthomier, 33°, (Merchant), Asuncion, Repre- 
 sentative of this Supreme Council. 
 
 III.". Henry C. Urner, 33°, Cincinnati, O., Representative near 
 this Supreme Council. 
 
NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF 
 THE DEGREES OF THE ANCIENT 
 ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE 
 OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of 
 the United States of America recognizes the exclusive jurisdiction of 
 the Symbolic Grand Lodges of the States within this Jurisdiction 
 over the three Symbolic Degrees of Freemasonry, and exercises 
 jurisdiction over the following Degrees only, viz. : 
 
 4. Secret blaster. 
 
 5. Perfect Master. 
 
 6. Intimate Secretary. 
 
 7. Provost and Judge. 
 
 8. Intendant of the Building. 
 
 9. Master Elect of Nine. 
 
 10. Master Elect of Fifteen. 
 
 11. Sublime Alaster Elected. 
 
 12. Grand Master Architect. 
 
 13. Master of the Ninth Arch. 
 
 14. Grand Elect Mason. 
 
 15. Knight of the East, or Sword. 
 
 16. Prince of Jerusalem. 
 
 17. Knight of the East and West. 
 
 18. Knight of the Rose Croix de H— R— D— M, 
 
 19. Grand Pontiff. 
 
 20. Master Ad Vitam. 
 
 21. Patriarch Noachite. 
 
 22. Prince of Libanus. 
 
 23. Chief of the Tabernacle. 
 
 24. Prince of the Tabernacle. 
 
 25. Knight of the Brazen Serpent. 
 
 26. Prince of Mercy. 
 
 27. Commander of the Temple. 
 
 28. Knight of the Sun. 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 311 
 
 29. Knight of St. Andrew. 
 
 30. Grand Elect Knight K — H, or Knight of the White and 
 
 Black Eagle. 
 
 31. Grand Inspector Inquisitor Commander. 
 
 32. Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 
 33. Sovereign Grand Inspector-General. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE GRADES 
 
 First Series. — Symbolic Degrees. 
 
 1. Entered Apprentice. 
 
 2. Fellow Craft. 
 
 3. Master Mason. 
 
 Conferred in a regular Lodge of Ancient Craft Masons, duly 
 constituted by Charter or Warrant of some recognized Grand Lodge. 
 
 Second Series — Ineffable Grades. 
 Conferred in a Lodge of Perfection. 
 
 4. Secret Master. 
 
 5. Perfect Master. 
 
 6. Intimate Secretary. 
 
 7. Provost and Judge. 
 
 8. Intendant of the Building. 
 
 9. Master Elect of Nine. 
 
 10. Master Elect of Fifteen. 
 
 11. Sublime Master Elected. 
 
 12. Grand Master Architect. 
 
 13. Master of the Ninth Arch. 
 
 14. Grand Elect Mason. 
 
 The foregoing Degrees shall not be conferred upon any person 
 unless he is a Master Mason in good standing. 
 
 Third Series. — Historical and Traditional Grades. 
 Conferred in a Council of Princes of Jerusalem. 
 
 15. Knight of the East, or Sword. 
 
 16. Prince of Jerusalem. 
 
212 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Fourth Series. — Philosophical and Doctrinal Grades. 
 Conferred in a Chapter of Rose Croix de H — R — D — M. 
 
 17. Knight of the East and West. 
 
 18. Knight of the Rose Croix de H— R— D— M. 
 
 Fifth Series. — Philosophical and Chivalric Grades. 
 Conferred in a Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret 
 
 19. Grand Pontiff. 
 
 20. Master Ad Vitam. 
 
 21. Patriarch Noachite. 
 
 22. Prince of Libanus. 
 
 23. Chief of the Tabernacle. 
 
 24. Prince of the Tabernacle. 
 
 25. Knight of the Brazen Serpent. 
 
 26. Prince of Mercy. 
 
 27. Commander of the Temple. 
 
 28. Knight of the Sun. 
 
 29. Knight of St. Andrew. 
 
 30. Grand Elect Knight K — H, or Knight of the White and 
 
 Black Eagle. 
 
 31. Grand Inspector Inquisitor Commander. 
 
 32. Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 
 Sixth Series. — Official Grades. 
 
 33. Sovereign Grand Inspector-General, Honorary. 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector-General, Active. 
 
 Conferred by the Supreme Council, 33" — executive in character, 
 and as an Plonorary or Official Degree on those who merit the dis- 
 tinction. 
 
Mi 
 
 ^" '^//^//. ; 'i^ /a.</ ,-///,'r A,..,J 'iw.l/^//^ -'>.'.■ ^A-v A..:-^/ i'.~. ■■ . ' 
 tUmmmM-j^ iatlm,dt^.^iiU.^J^,^.^ ... ^ ^^^^ /'.y. „..J <7.-//„^ 4.,,^AJt ..^i,,^. 
 
 
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 r^/^' *"/- ^.yr.'/-f ,f. .'. ' 
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 ./'./^//^ m/-i-/-<y/-i Au'/.r//' 
 
 
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 ^ ~— ■-■■-,-^^ — •-"'=^inrh« 
 
 DIPLOMA ISSUED TO BROTHER JEREMIAH VAN RENSSELAER. 
 Albany, N. Y., June i, 1768 
 
 fFrnm fh p nrio-inal in fhp nn'i'ipssinn of Ineffable Lodge of Perfectlun,''Alh:lnr,2N. Y.) 
 
BODIES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 WITH NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRESIDING OFFICER AND SECRETARY 
 
 J904-I905 
 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
 THE LODGE OF PERFECTION OF NEW YORK CITY, 
 
 4 — 14 ■ 
 Edward A. Crostic, 32", Master. . . .515 East 140th St., New York 
 James Belknap^ 33°, Secretary 160 West 141st St., New York 
 
 THE COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM OF NEW 
 YORK CITY, 15°— 16°. 
 
 Lewis Middleton^ 32°, Master 29 Spruce St., New York 
 
 James Belknap, 33°, Secretary 160 West 141st St., New York 
 
 THE CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX OF NEW YORK CITY, 
 
 17"— 18°. 
 John Lloyd Thomas^ 33°, Master. . . . 160 Bleecker St., New York 
 James Belknap, 33", Secretary 160 West 141st St., New York 
 
 THE CONSISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY, 19°— 32". 
 William J. Matthews, 33°, Com.-in-Chief . . . .842 8th Ave., N. Y. 
 James Belknap, 33", Secretary 160 West 141st St., New York 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 315 
 
 BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
 
 AURORA GRATA LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4"— 14°. 
 
 Read G. Dilworth^ 32°, Master 149 Church St., New York 
 
 Theodore A. Taylor, 32", Secretary. . . .370 Grand Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 AURORA GRATA COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 Henry D. Hamilton, 32°, Master 291 Broadway, N. Y. 
 
 Theodore A. Taylor, 32°, Secretary. . . .370 Grand Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 AURORA GRATA CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17"— 18°. 
 
 Matthias Gooderson, 32°, Master 34 Pine St., New York 
 
 Theodore A. Taylor, 32°, Secretary. . . .370 Grand Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 AURORA GRATA CONSISTORY, 19°— 32°. 
 Charles H. Luscomb, 33°, Com.-in-Chief . .120 Broadway, N. Y. 
 Theodore A. Taylor, 32°, Secretary. . . .370 Grand Ave., Brooklyn 
 
 ALBANY, N. Y. 
 
 INEFFABLE LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14°. 
 
 William H. Butler, 33°, Master 635 Broadway 
 
 T. Austin Williamson, 32", Secretary P. O. Box 410. 
 
 GRAND COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 15"— 16°. 
 
 Edward B. Cantine, 32°, Master City Building 
 
 William E. Fitch, 33°, Secretary Masonic Temple 
 
 ALBANY CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17°— 18°. 
 
 William E. Fitch, 33°, Master Masonic Temple 
 
 T. Austin Williamson, 32°, Secretary P. O. Box 410 
 
 ALBANY SOVEREIGN CONSISTORY, 19°— 32°. 
 
 Arthur Mac Arthur, 33", Commander-in-Chief Troy, N. Y. 
 
 T. Austin Williamson, 32", Secretary P. O. Box 410 
 
 SYRACUSE, N. Y. 
 
 CENTRAL CITY LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14° 
 
 John B. Fralick, 32°, Master Weiting Block. 
 
 Frank Collins, 32°, Secretary Masonic Temple 
 
 CENTRAL CITY COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 15^-16°. 
 
 Howard E. Plaisted, 32°, Master 335 South Warren St. 
 
 Frank Collins, 32", Secretary Masonic Temple 
 
216 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 SYRACUSE— CONTINUED. 
 
 CENTRAL CITY CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17°— 18° 
 
 W. H. H. Chamberlin, 32°, Master 307 Clinton St. 
 
 Frank Collins, 32°, Secretary Masonic Temple 
 
 CENTRAL CITY CONSISTORY, 19"— 32" 
 
 Theodore M. Barber, 33", Commander-in-Chief 144 Fitch St. 
 
 Frank Collins, 32", Secretary Masonic Temple 
 
 ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
 
 ROCHESTER LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4"— H^ 
 
 John C. Baumer, 32°, Master 33 North Water St. 
 
 Frank B. Goble, 33°, Secretary P. O. Box 764 
 
 ROCHESTER COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 i5°-i6°. 
 
 George E. Hatch, 32", Master 64 Rutgers St. 
 
 Frank B. Goble, 33°, Secretary P. O. Box 764 
 
 ROCHESTER CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17°— 18° 
 
 Rev. I. P. Coddington, 32", Master 222 Park Ave. 
 
 Frank B. Goble, 33°, Secretary P. O. Box 764 
 
 ROCHESTER CONSISTORY, 19"— 32". 
 J. HuNGERFORD Smith, 33", Com. -in-Chief .. 1 10 N. Goodman St. 
 Frank B. Goble, 33", Secretary P. O. Box 764 
 
 GERMANIA LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14". 
 
 Fred C. Seitz, 33"", Master 207 Hudson Ave. 
 
 Henry D. Wachtler, 32", Secretary 88 Martin St. 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 PALMONI LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14°. 
 
 Charles W. Mann, 32", Master 528 Richmond Ave. 
 
 Charles E. Markham, 32°, Secretary Atlantic Dock 
 
 PALMONI COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 William H. Hotchkiss, 32°, Master D. S. Morgan Building 
 
 Charles E. Markham, 32°, Secretary Atlantic Dock 
 
 BUFFALO CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17°— 18°. 
 
 John L. Brothers, 33°, Master City Hall 
 
 Charles E. Markham, 32", Secretary Atlantic Dock 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 217 
 
 BUFFALO.— CONTINUED. 
 
 BUFFALO CONSISTORY, 19°— 32" 
 
 Francis G. Ward, 33°, Commander-in-Chief City Hall 
 
 Charles E. Markham, 32 ^ Secretary Atlantic Dock 
 
 BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 
 
 OTSENINGO LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14°. 
 
 RoLLiN W. Meeker, 32°, Master O'Neil Building 
 
 David M. Johnson, 33", Secretary 10 Oak Street 
 
 OTSENINGO COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 15"— 16°. 
 
 Theodore P. Calkin, 33°, Master 61 Court Street 
 
 David M. Johnson, 33°, Secretary 10 Oak Street 
 
 OTSENINGO CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17°— 18°. 
 
 William O. Buckland, 32°, Master 122 Court Street 
 
 David M. Johnson, 33", Secretary 10 Oak Street 
 
 OTSENINGO CONSISTORY, 19"— 32^ 
 Harry C. Walker, 32°, Commander-in-Chief. . .Exchange Building 
 David M. Johnson, 33°, Secretary 10 Oak Street 
 
 CORNING, N. Y. 
 
 CORNING LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14°. 
 
 RoswELL E. Sunderlin, 33°, Master Coming 
 
 George Hitchcock, 32°, Secretary Corning 
 
 CORNING COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 i5"-i6°. 
 
 Joseph C. Moore, 33°, Master Corning 
 
 George Hitchcock, 32", Secretary Corning 
 
 CORNING CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17°— 18°. 
 
 Truman S. Pritchard, 33°, Master Corning 
 
 George Hitchcock, 32°, Secretary Corning 
 
 CORNING CONSISTORY, 19"— 32". 
 
 Egbert Shoemaker, 32", Commander-in-Chief Corning 
 
 George Hitchcock, 32", Secretary Corning 
 
 (IS) 
 
218 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 TROY, N. Y. 
 
 DELTA LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14°- 
 
 John P Deal, 32°, Master 47 Hudson Avenue, Green Island 
 
 Henry Stowell, 33", Secretary 15 Third Street 
 
 DELTA COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 15"— 16°. 
 
 William Finder, Jr., 32°, Master 2 Union Place 
 
 Henry Stowell, 33", Secretary 15 Third Street 
 
 DELTA CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17"— 18°. 
 
 Joseph McKay, 32°, Master 259 Eighth Street 
 
 Henry Stowell, 33°, Secretary 15 Third Street 
 
 UTICA, N. Y. 
 
 YAH-NUN-DAH-SIS LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4"— 14°. 
 
 William Matthews, 32", ^Master Utica 
 
 L. H. Jones, 32°, Secretary 11;^ Court Street 
 
 YAH-NUN-DAH-SIS COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF 
 JERUSALEM, 15"— 16°. 
 
 F. F. BuDD, 32°, Master iii Columbia Street 
 
 L. H. Jones, 32°, Secretary iij4 Court Street 
 
 YAH-NUN-DAH-SIS CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17"— 18° 
 
 Le Roy H. Jones, 32", 3.1aster 11 14 Court Street 
 
 Delos M. Johnson, 32°, Secretary Utica 
 
 WATERTOWN, N. Y. 
 
 WATERTOWN LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14°. 
 
 Lewis J. Davis, 32°, Master 13 High Street 
 
 William J. G. Potter, 32°, Secretary 7 Grant Street 
 
 OGDENSBURG council of PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 15°— 16°. 
 
 Arthur E. Hunn, 32", Master Alexandria Bay 
 
 Lewis R. Washburn, 18°, Secretary 41^ Park Avenue 
 
 OGDENSBURG CHAPTER OF ROSE CROIX, 17"— 18°. 
 
 Omar A. Hine, 33", Master Watertown 
 
 Lewis R. Washburn, 18°, Secretary 41/^ Park Avenue 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 219 
 
 CLEAN, N. Y. 
 
 OLEAN LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4*^— 14°. 
 
 Martin Southeron, 32°, Master 1017 W. State Street 
 
 Albert A. Swarts^ 32°, Secretary 129^ W. State Street 
 
 OLEAN COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 15°— 16°. 
 
 George Fobes, 32°, Master 408 E. State Street 
 
 Albert A. Swarts, 32", Secretary 1291/^ W. State Street 
 
 JAMESTOWN, N. Y. 
 
 JAMESTOWN LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14°. 
 
 Shelden B. Broadhead, 32", Master Jamestown 
 
 William P. Osmer^ 32°, Secretary Jamestown 
 
 JAMESTOWN COUNCIL OF PRINCES OF JERUSALEM, 
 
 15°— 16°. 
 
 Samuel Briggs, 32", Master Jamestown 
 
 William P. Osmer, 32°, Secretary Jamestown 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y. 
 
 NIAGARA LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14" ■ 
 
 Walter Jones, 32°, Master 525 Buffalo Avenue 
 
 Henry B. Eshleman, 32", Secretary 1016 Niagara Avenue 
 
 NORWOOD, N. Y. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14". 
 
 Henry Ashley, 32", Master Norwood 
 
 Fr.'\nk L. Smith, 32°, Secretary Norwood 
 
 CORTLAND, N. Y. 
 
 CORTLAND LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4"— 14° 
 
 Henry T. Dana, 32", Master Cortland 
 
 George H. Kennedy, 32", Secretary Cortland 
 
 ITHACA, N. Y. 
 
 ITHACA LODGE OF PERFECTION, 4°— 14". 
 
 Robert A. Heggie, 32°, Master Xorth Tioga Street 
 
 WiLLARD B. Georgia, 14", Secretary 156 E. State Street 
 
STATISTiai INFORMATION 
 
 Membership in Subordinate Bodies 
 
 of the 
 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite 
 
 for the 
 
 NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION 
 
 of the 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 July \, J904 
 
 83 Lodges of Perfection 
 
 4° to 14°. Total Membership 41,335 
 
 66 Councils of Ptinces of Jettisalem 
 
 15° and 16°. Total Membership 38,292 
 
 61 Chapters of Rose Croix 
 
 n°andI8°. Total Membership 37,658 
 
 35 Consistories 
 
 19° to 32°. Total Membership 36,887 
 
 In September, 1904, the Permanent Fund of the Supreme Council, 
 
 consisted of Cash and Convertible Securities 
 
 to the amount of 
 
 $294,346.76 
 
THE STATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 REPORTED MAY J, 1904 
 
 i8 Lodges of Perfection, 14° . '. membership 6,680 
 
 13 Councils of Princes of Jerusalem, 16° .membership 6,212 
 
 II Chapters of Rose Croix, 18° membership 6,160 
 
 8 Consistories, 32" membership 6,205 
 
 FEES FOR CONFERRING THE DEGREES 
 
 The minimum Fees for conferring the Degrees in the Bodies of 
 the Rite in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction are : 
 
 $18.00 for 4° to 14° in Lodges of Perfection. 
 
 18.00 for 15" and 16° in Councils of Princes of Jerusalem. 
 
 18.00 for 17° and 18° in Chapters of Rose Croix. 
 
 30.00 for 19° to 32° in Consistories. 
 
 $84.00 
 
 Under the Constitutions, no Body of the Rite may confer the 
 Degrees for less than the minimum fee as above indicated, but no 
 limit is placed on higher charges, which may be regulated by the 
 rules adopted for the government of individual Bodies. 
 
 QUALIFICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP 
 
 Any Master Mason who is a member in good standing of a 
 Symbolic Lodge, and lias resided in tills Jurisdiction twelve 
 months, is eligible to receive the Degrees of this Rite. 
 
 Application may be made through any of the members. 
 
22-2 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 FEES FOR CONFERRING THE DEGREES 
 IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 While there is no uniformity throughout the State of New York, 
 except to observe the Constitutional requirement as to minimum fees 
 of $84.00, the fees and dues in the Subordinate Bodies are about the 
 same as those in the City of New York, which are as follows : 
 
 Initiation Annual Life 
 
 Fees. Dues. Membership. 
 
 Lodge of Perfection, 4° to 14° $25.00 $1.00 $10.00 
 
 Council of Princes, 15° and 16° 20.00 i.oo 10.00 
 
 Chapter of Rose Croix, 17" and 18° 25.00 i.oo 10.00 
 
 Consistory, 19° to 32" 30.00 2.00 20.00 
 
 Totals $100.00 $5-00 $50.00 
 
 The assets of The Lodge of Perfection, The Council of Princes 
 of Jerusalem, The Chapter of Rose Croix, and The Consistory of 
 New York City consist of : 
 
 Cash and Invested Funds amounting to $54,800.05 
 
 Properties and Paraphernalia, insured at 25,000.00 
 
 Total $79,800.05 
 
GRAND MASTERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 GRAND LODGE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK 
 
 IDENTIFIED WITH THE 
 
 SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 The following Most Worshipful Grand Masters of the Grand 
 Lodge of the State of New York have been identified with the 
 
 ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 from the time of M.". W.'. John L. Lewis, 33'' : 
 
 John L. Lewis, 
 John W. Simons, 
 FiNLAY M. King, 
 John J. Crane, 
 Clinton F. Paige, 
 Robert D. Holmes, 
 Stephen H. Johnson, 
 Christopher G. Fox, 
 Ellwood E. Thorne, 
 James W. Husted, 
 Edmund L. Judson, 
 Charles Roome, 
 Jesse B. Anthony, 
 Horace S. Taylor, 
 Benjamin Flagler, 
 
 J. Edward Simmons, 
 
 William A. Brodie, 
 
 Frank R. Lawrence, 
 
 John W. Vrooman, 
 
 William Sherer, 
 
 James Ten Eyck, 
 
 Frederick A. Burnham, 
 
 John Hodge, 
 
 John Stewart, 
 
 William A. Sutherland, 
 
 Wright D. Pownall, 
 
 Edward M. L. Ehlers, Honorary, 
 
 Charles W. Mead, 
 
 Elbert Crandall, 
 
 Frank H. Robinson. 
 
WILLIAM HOMAN, 33.-. 
 
 Crowned Active Member of the Supreme Council, 33°, 
 
 for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America, September 19, 
 
 Deputy of the Supreme Council for the State of New York. 
 
 Representative of the Supreme Council, 33°, for Belgium 
 
 Representative of the Supreme Council, 33°, for Brazil. 
 
 Honorary Member of the Supreme Council, 33°, for Mexico. 
 
 Etc., Etc., Etc. 
 
 895. 
 
SUMMARY 
 
 The Cerneau Council ceased to exist as a separate organization 
 when it united with the Raymond Body, which also yielded its 
 separate existence by that act of consolidation on the 7th of 
 February, 1863. 
 
 After several years of negotiations between it and the Supreme 
 Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, of which Illustrious 
 Brother Killian H. Van Rensselaer, 33", was Grand Commander, 
 amalgamation of these Supreme Councils was accomplished on 
 May 17, 1867, and the identity of all the theretofore separate 
 Supreme Councils in this territory was completely lost in the 
 process of fusion. 
 
 The highest Tribunal had passed upon the question before the 
 terms were finally agreed to by the parties at interest, and M.'. W.'. 
 John L. Lewis, eminent as a Judge, honored as a Mason, before 
 assuming the Oath of Fealty to the United Supreme Council, 
 addressed his peers, giving them an account of his connection with 
 the Rite, and the very distinguished honors that had been conferred 
 on him, all of which he now with pleasure resigned, laying upon 
 that Altar, before which he was about to kneel, all authority 
 theretofore claimed by the Illustrious Brothers 
 
 CERNEAU 
 
 CLINTON 
 
 ATWOOD 
 
 RAYMOND 
 
 HAYS and 
 
 ROBINSON 
 
 of which he was the custodian by virtue of being their direct 
 successor, pledging himself henceforth to know but the one 
 governing Body for this Jurisdiction, and to use his best efforts 
 for its harmony and perpetuity. 
 
 IT IS AN UNWARRANTED VIOLATION OF THE PRINCI= 
 RLE OF '• RES ADJUDICATA" TO SUGGEST A REOPENING 
 OF THE SUBJECT AT THIS OR ANY OTHER TIME IN THE 
 FUTURE. 
 
336 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 Whatever may be said or written about the Cerneau or any so- 
 called Scottish Rite Bodies in this territory other than those acknowl- 
 edging allegiance to the Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic 
 Jurisdiction of the United States of America, it is as unnecessary 
 for us to go back of the Union of 1867, when the present Supreme 
 Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United 
 States of America was formed by amalgamating the conflicting 
 Supreme Councils theretofore existing, as it would be to go back 
 of the conclusion of peace after the termination of the civil war to 
 justify a merchant in declining to accept Confederate money in 
 payment for merchandise to-day. 
 
 As I have dedicated this work 
 
 To those who Need the Light, 
 To those who Seek the Light, 
 To those who Love the Light, 
 
 its contents can not offend any who desire that right may prevail. 
 Any Freemason desiring to become identified with the Scottish 
 Rite in this Jurisdiction, who, after reading this book, will apply to 
 any other than the Bodies of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite 
 for the Northern iWasonic Jurisdiction, or any Freemason now 
 connected with any clandestine rite who does not sever his connection 
 therewith, is untrue to the principles of Freemasonry as laid down 
 by the Grand Lodges, and merits the ostracism imposed upon him 
 as a penalty. 
 
 Yours, for the Rite, 
 
 Deputy for the State of New'York. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Acknowledgment of Thanks 6 
 
 Assets of the Bodies of New York City 222 
 
 Authority and Powers of Grand Lodges (See " Grand Lodge ") 136 
 
 B 
 
 Bodies and Membership in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction — Statistical 220 
 
 Bodies and Membership in the State of New York — Statistical 221 
 
 Bodies in City of New York, Funds and Paraphernalia 222 
 
 Bodies of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite in State of New York, with 
 
 Name and Address of Master and Secretary 214 
 
 C 
 
 Caution in Viseing Diplomas of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. .. . 168 
 
 Cerneau, Joseph 61 
 
 Circular Letter issued May i, 1845, by Supreme Council for Northern 
 
 Masonic Jurisdiction (Illustrations) 69, 70 
 
 ■Circular Letter issued October i, 1845, by Supreme Council for Northern 
 
 Masonic Jurisdiction (Illustration) 71 
 
 ■Circular Letter issued May i, 1848, by Supreme Council for Northern 
 
 Masonic Jurisdiction (Illustrations) 72, 73, 74 
 
 ■Circular Letter issued June i, 1848, by Supreme Council for Northern 
 
 Masonic Juisdiction (Illustrations) 75, 76 
 
 Circular Letter of Supreme Council for Southern Masonic Jurisdiction. 
 
 1813, expelling Cerneau (Illustration) 65-67 
 
 Classification and Nomenclature of the Degrees of the Ancient Accepted 
 
 Scottish Rite 210 
 
 Clinton, De Witt, and Daniel D. Tompkins — Remarkable Parallel in 
 
 their Experiences 41 
 
 Cruger, Kortright, exposed by the Daily Press 161 
 
2-28 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 D 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Dedication 5 
 
 Diploma 165 
 
 Diploma issued to Brother Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, Albany, N. Y., Jime 
 I, 1768 (Illustration) 213 
 
 Fees for Degrees in Bodies of City of New York 222 
 
 Fees for Degrees in Northern Masonic Jurisdiction 163 
 
 Fees, Minimum, for Conferring the Degrees 22T 
 
 Fitch, William E,, 33", Reproductions from Originals in Collection of . . . . 33 
 
 Francken, Henry Andrew, Deputy Grand Inspector-General 11 
 
 Frederick the Great (Portrait) 169, 170 
 
 Gamble, Wilham, First Thrice Potent Grand Master of Ineffable Lodge 
 
 of Perfection, Albany, N. Y 33 
 
 Gourgas, John James Joseph (Portrait) 10 
 
 Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, warranted December 20, 1767. ... 33 
 Grand Lodge, Right to declare what Masonry is, and what are Masonic 
 
 Bodies 136 
 
 Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, Action against Spurious Rites, etc 112 
 
 Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, on Grand Lodge Sovereignty loi, 136 
 
 Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, Recognitions and Refusals covering 
 Bodies in: 
 
 Canada 128 
 
 Chili 129 
 
 Colon 128 
 
 Italy 128 
 
 Louisiana 128 
 
 New Brunswick 128 
 
 New South Wales 128 
 
 New York 127 
 
 Nova Scotia 128 
 
 Ontario 128 
 
 Portugal 128 
 
 Spain 128 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 229 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Grand Lodge of New Hampshire declares its Power and Authority 93 
 
 Grand Lodge of New York declares against Invasion of Sovereignty. ... 58 
 
 Grand Lodge of New York expels Darius Wilson, Impostor 152 
 
 Grand Lodge of Ohio, Declaration on Cerneauism 105 
 
 Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, arresting Charters of Clandestine Bodies, 129 
 Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania Officially declares Cerneauism Clandestine. 89 
 Grand Lodge of Scotland refuses Recognition to Grand Orient of Egypt. 129 
 Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, declining Recognition of Grand Orient of 
 
 Hungary 130 
 
 Grand Lodges declaring against Cerneau Organizations: 
 
 Alabama 59. 142 
 
 California 59 
 
 District of Columbia 59 
 
 Florida 59. 140 
 
 Iowa 59 ■ 
 
 Kentucky 59 
 
 Maryland 5Q 
 
 Massachusetts 59 
 
 Nebraska 59> i43 
 
 New Hampshire 59 
 
 New Jersey 59 
 
 North Dakota 59. 142 
 
 Ohio, and the Civil Courts 59 
 
 Pennsylvania 59, 143 
 
 South Carolina I4J 
 
 South Dakota 59, 142 
 
 Tennessee 59 
 
 Utah 59, 143 
 
 Grand Lodges declaring Authority and Refusing to recognize so-called 
 Clandestine Bodies : 
 
 Georgia i39 
 
 Louisiana 129, 142 
 
 Maryland 130 
 
 Mississippi 130 
 
 North Carolina 130 
 
 Ohio 130 
 
 Pennsylvania 130 
 
 Vermont 130 
 
 Wisconsin 130 
 
 Grand Lodges — Recognition of Masonic Bodies declared Regular by: 
 
 Colorado 142 
 
 Iowa 141 
 
 Kentucky 141 
 
 Minnesota 141 
 
 Ohio 140 
 
230 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 PAGE- 
 
 Grand Lodges recognizing or in Control of Royal Arch, Templar, and 
 Scottish Rite Masonry: 
 
 England I3C> 
 
 Ireland 129, 139 
 
 Grand blasters in State of New York identified with Ancient Accepted 
 
 Scottish Rite 22.^ 
 
 H 
 
 Homan, William, 33°, Deputy for State of New York {Portrait) 224 
 
 Honorary Members of Supreme Council for Northern Masonic Juris- 
 diction, from other Jurisdictions 200 
 
 How Knowledge of the Truth enabled a Brother to proselytize in what 
 
 threatened to become a Hotbed of Cerneauism 166 
 
 I 
 
 Ineffable Lodge of Perfection, of Albany, warranted December 20, 1767.. 33 
 
 Information concerning the Scottish Rite in New York 165, 221 
 
 Intendant of the Building — Eighth Degree {Illustration) 16 
 
 Introduction of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite into the Western 
 
 Hemisphere 7 
 
 K 
 
 Knight Elect of Nine — Ninth Degree {Illustration) 18 
 
 Knight of the East and West — Seventeenth Degree {Illustration) 28 
 
 Knight of the Sun — Twenty-eighth Degree {Illustration) 32 
 
 L 
 
 Lawrence, Gen. Samuel C, 33°, P-'- Grand Lieutenant-Commander 
 
 {Portrait) 115 
 
 Lewis, John L. {Portrait) 37, 38 
 
 M 
 
 Masters of Bodies in New York State 214 
 
 Membership, Qualification for 221 
 
 Minute Book of Ineffable Lodge of Perfection, 1767 to 1774 13 
 
 Morin, Stephen (Etienne), Letters Patent 7 
 
THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 231 
 
 N 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 New York, the State of, Information as to the Rite in 221 
 
 Nornenclature and Classiiication of the Degrees of the Ancient Accepted 
 
 Scottish Rite of Freemasonry 210 
 
 o 
 
 Opinions of Eminent Authorities on the Sovereignty of the Grand Lodge: 
 
 Chase 99 
 
 Cunningham 144 
 
 Drummond 144 
 
 Hughan 100 
 
 Lockwood 100 
 
 Look 99 
 
 Mackey 98, 99, 144 
 
 Macoy 98 
 
 Oliver, Dr 98, 136 
 
 Patton 100 
 
 Simons 99 
 
 Steinbrenner 100 
 
 Vaux 146 
 
 Original Charter of Ineffable and Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, 
 
 of Albany, N. Y. {Illustration) S 
 
 P 
 
 Palmer, Henry L, 33°, M.'. P."- Sovereign Grand Commander {Portrait), 
 
 180, 181 
 
 Prince of Jerusalem — Sixteenth Degree {Three Illustrations) 22, 24, 26 
 
 Proceedings of United Supreme Council, May 17, 1867 39 
 
 Provost and Judge — Seventh Degree {Illustration) 14 
 
 Q 
 
 Qualification for Membership 221 
 
 R 
 
 Red Letter of September 21, 1882, by Supreme Council for Northern 
 
 Masonic Jurisdiction 77 
 
 Robinson, Hon. Frank Hurd, Grand Master of New York, on Cerneauism 147 
 
-id2 THE ANCIENT ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 S 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Scottish Rite, Power and Authority where there is no Grand Lodge.... 145 
 
 Secret ^Master — Fourth Degree (Illustration) 12 
 
 Secretaries of Bodies in New York State 214 
 
 Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General, 33°, of Supreme Council for 
 
 Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, residents of State of New Yorlcipi-ipg 
 Sovereignty of the Grand Lodge — Digest of Declaration of Various Grand 
 
 Lodges on 136 
 
 Spurious and Clandestine Scottish Rite ^Masonry — A Historical Summary 45 
 
 Square and Compasses as a Trade- ]Mark refused I45 
 
 Statistical Information 220 
 
 Stringer, Dr. Samuel, First Deputy Grand Inspector (Portrait) 3 
 
 Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, Establishment of, at Philadelphia, 
 
 June 25. 1781 (Illustrations) 171-174 
 
 Sublime Knight Elect — Eleventh Degree (Illustration) 20 
 
 Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret — Old Twenty-fifth Degree (Illus- 
 tration) 30 
 
 Summary 225 
 
 Supreme Councils. 33°, of the World 201-209 
 
 Supreme Council for Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, September 17, 1903 
 
 (Portraits) 184, 185 
 
 Supreme Council for Northern Masonic Jurisdiction — LTnion of 1867. ... 35 
 Supreme Council for Northern ^Masonic Jurisdiction, Officers for 1903- 
 
 1906, and Active, Emeritus, and Past Active Members 186-190 
 
 Sword presented in 1780 by Brother Frederick the Great to Brother 
 George \\'ashington, accompanied with the Message : " From the 
 Oldest General of the World to the Greatest." (Illustration) 176 
 
 T 
 
 Tardy, John Gabriel, Commander of Grand Consistory of New York, 
 
 Patent issued to, November 24, 1808 (Illustration) 68 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel D. (Portrait) 177, 178 
 
 Tompkins, Daniel D., and De Witt Clinton — Remarkable Parallel in 
 their Experiences 4.1 
 
 Tracing-Boards of Degrees, by William Gamble, 1769 12-32 
 
 W 
 
 Warrant issued by Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem (Illustration) . 34 
 
 ^^'ashington, George (Portrait) 173 
 
 ^^'ilson, Darius, Impostor, Expulsion of 152 
 
SUPREME COUNC3L 33?. 
 
 FCW THE 
 
 m::m'HESN Jmso^ juRisoiciTOisr 
 
 OR THE. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 GRAND EAST, BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 -HON: HENRY L PAtlCmi, 33", 
 
 Most PessAin Soveseicn (^mkd <jokiCAMDeK, 
 
 "/ Mflwankee, Wis. ; 
 
 GEN. SAMUEL C- tAWRENCE, 33°, 
 
 POIS3AKT GkAJO) LjEOTEKAST-CoMMANI^R, 
 
 Boston, ^^; 
 
 ILL.-. WHiiAM HOMAN,'33% 
 
 DePOTY FOH THE StaTK OF NeW YoRK, 
 
 446-450 Water Street, 
 New York Citj'l 
 
 HON. JAMES H. CODDING, 33°, 
 
 QtAND Secretary-Gekerai. H-". E.'. 
 
 O&ces, Stewart Building, 280 Broadway, 
 
 New York Gty. 
 
 <Sacceediag in 1902 the late lU.'. Custos F, Paiob, 33°, 
 Grand Secretary-deneral from 1873 to 190Z.) 
 
NEW YORK COUNCIL OF DELIBERATION, 
 
 ANCIENT ACGEPtED SCOTTISH RITE 
 
 FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION 
 
 OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 OFnCERS J904-1905. 
 
 WILLIAM HOMAN, 33° ..... . New York Commander-in-Chief 
 
 Deputy of Supreme Council for State of New York. 
 
 JOHN P. DEAL, 32° . .' First Lieutenant Commander 
 
 Troy. 
 
 EDWARD A. GROSTIC, 32° .Second Lieutenant Commander 
 
 New York. 
 
 HARRY C. WALKER, 32°.;......... ...... .Minister of State and G-'. O.-. 
 
 BiNGHAMTON. 
 
 Rev. JEREMIAH ZIMMERMAN, 32° Grand Prior 
 
 Syracuse. 
 
 GEORGE E. DENNISON, 32° Grand Chancellor 
 
 Utica. 
 
 JOHN STEWART. 33' Grand Treasurer 
 
 New York. 
 
 JAMES BELKNAP, 33°. ••• ......Grand Secretary 
 
 New York. 
 
 GEORGE FOBES, 32° Grand Engineer and Architect 
 
 Olean. 
 
 WALTER JONES, 32°. ...Grand Hospitaler 
 
 Niagara Falls. 
 
 HERBERT W. GREENLAND, 32°.. ..Grand Master of Ceremonies 
 
 Syracuse. 
 
 FRANCIS C. WILLIAMS, 32° ; Grand Standard Bearer 
 
 Corning. 
 
 GEORGE F. ARCHIBALD, 32° Grand Captain of Guard 
 
 Rochester. 
 
 RALPH G. KILMER, 32°.. Grand Organist 
 
 - BiNGHAMTON. 
 
 CHARLES E. COON, 32° Grand Sentinel 
 
 BiNGHAMTON. 
 
 Press Of Andrew H. KefloBg Co., 408-415 Pearl Street, New York, N. T.