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There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024514279 THE PRACTITIONERS' MANUAL OF LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SPECIALLY COMPILED FOR USE IN THE PRACTITIONERS' CORRESPONDENCE COURSE EDITORS AND COMPILERS A. M. JpNDRICKSON LIBRARIAN OF ^ST PUBLISHING COMPANY CHARLES LESLEY AMES SECRETARY OF THE PRACTITIONERS' CORRESPONDENCE COURSE 1910 ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA COPTEIGHT, 1910 BT A. M. HENDRIGKSON AND CHARLES LESLEY AME3S PREFACE In preparing this volume, the editors have endeavored to in- clude all such information regarding law books and legal publica- tions as can be reduced to condensed tabular form. No attempt has been made, however, to include any descriptive matter regard- ing individual publications, since this cannot readily be classified, and is moreover fully covered in the lessons of the Practitioners' Correspondence Course. Although the compilation is designed primarily for use in connection with the lessons of that course, it is hoped that those who receive copies will find it valuable and constantly useful as a permanent manual of legal bibliography. The editors take pleasure in acknowledging their indebtedness to the Minnesota State Library for the alphabetical table of Eng- lish Reports. (iii)* TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Specimen Brief on Appeal 1 2. List of American Reports 34 3. Reporter Directory showing what State and Federal Reports are Cov- ered by each part of the National Reporter System 46 (a) By Reporter 47 (b) By State 49 4. List of English Reports .• 51 (a) Table of English Regnal Years 51 (b) Alphabetical List of English Reports (supplied by courtesy of the Minnesota State Law Library) 52 (c) Chronological List of English Reports arranged according to courts 73 5. List of Citation Books 85 6. List of Digests 87 (a) General Digests 87 (b) State Digests 88 (c) United States Digests 129 (d) Reporter Digests (i. e. Digests for the different parts of the Na- tional Reporter System) 132 (e) Digests covering the various selected case series of Reports. . . . 133 (f) Miscellaneous Digests 134 (g) Special List of Standard Classification Digests and Key Number Digests 135 7. The Appellate Courts of the Various States 137 8. Main Titles of the Standard Digest Classification ■. 140 (a) Arranged Alphabetically 140 (b) Categorically Arranged 145 9. Main Heads of the Law defined (i. e. Scope Notes of the titles of the Standard Classification) 152 10. List of Abbreviations by which Law Reports and important legal pub- lications are cited 283 Pbact.Maw. (v)t THE PRACTITIONERS^ MANUAL OF LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTER 1. SPECIMEN BRIEF ON APPEAL. As a further aid in the preparation of a good brief, there is ap- pended the brief of appellant's counsel in Gonzalez v. Williams, 192 U. S. 1, 24 Sup. Ct. 171, 48 L. Ed. 317, which complies with the require- ments of rule 21 of the United States Supreme Court (3 Sup. Ct. xii). The absence of a separate division, entitled "Specification of Errors," is explained by the nature of the case, and the fact that there was involved in the appeal only a single question, which is clearly and specifically brought to the attention of the court in the "Statement of the Case." SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. OCTOBER TERM, 1903. No. 235. Isabella Gonzalez, Petitioner- Appellant, vs. William Williams^ U. S. Commissioner of Immigration at the Port of New York. Statement of the Case. This is an appeal by Isabella Gonzalez from an order of the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York dismissing a writ of Imbeas corpus and remanding petitioner-appellant to the custody of the de- fendant-appellee United States Commissioner of Immigration at the port of New York (Record, fol. 21). Pkact.Man.— 1 2 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 The petition alleged that petitioner, Isabella Gonzalez, was a native-born in- habitant of Porto Rico and was such at the time of the proclamation of the Treaty of Paris (April 11, 1899) ; that upon arriving from said island of Porto Rico on the 4th day of August, 1902, the said defendant had detained her in custody, prevented her landing and was threatening to return her to Porto Rico (Record, fol. 1). The return of the defendant to the writ of Habeas Corpus alleged that pursuant to the powers vested in him by the United States Immigration laws he had detained said Gonzalez as an "alien immigrant," in order that she could be returned as such in case it appeared probable that she might become a public charge (Record, fol. 6). The Circuit Court dismissed the writ on the ground that the petitioner not having been born in the United States nor having ever been naturalized, retained the same status that she had before the cession of Porto Rico by the Treaty of Paris, consequently she was an alien and the Commissioner had jurisdiction to detain or deport her (Record, fols. 15-17). The sole question here involved is the alienage of appellant. If she is not an alien the Commissioner admittedly had no jurisdiction and the writ should not have been dismissed. The law under which the Commissioner acted is as follows : Act Cong. March 3, 1891, c. 551, § 1, 26 Stat. 1084 [U. S. Comp. St. 1901, p. 1294] provides : "That the following classes of aliens shall be excluded from admis- "sion into the United States in accordance with the existing acts reg- "ulating immigration other than those concerning Chinese laborers : "All idiots, insane persons, paupers or persons likely to become a public "charge. * * * "Section 8. That upon the arrival by water at any place within the "United States of any alien immigrants, it shall be the duty of the com- "manding officer and the agents of the steam or sailing vessel by which "they came, to report the name, nationality, last residence and destina- "tion of every such alien before any of them are landed. * * * "All decisions made by the inspection officers or their assistants touching "the rights of any alien to land, when adverse to such right shall be "final unless appeal be taken to the Superintendent of Immigration, "whose action shall be subject to review by the Secretary of the Treas- "ury. It shall be the duty of the aforesaid officers and agents of such "vessel to adopt due precautions to prevent the landing of any alien "immigrant at any place or time other than that designated by the in- "spection officers, and any such officer or agent or person in charge of "such vessel who shall either knowingly or negligently land or permit' "to land any alien immigrant at any place or time," etc. 26 Stat. 1085 [U. S. Comp. St. 1901, p. 1298]. "Section 10. That all aliens who may unlawfully come to the United "States shall, if practicable, be immediately sent back on the vessel by "which they were brought in. * * * " 26 Stat. 1086 [U. S. Comp. St. 1901, p. 1299]. "Section 11. That any alien who shall come into the United States "in violation of law may be returned as by law provided," etc. Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 3 Introduction. This case is noteworthy in- that it involves much more than the Hberty of an individual. The answer to the question whether or not petitioner is an alien must settle the status of all the native islanders who were in existence at the time the Spanish possessions were annexed by the United States. The "Insular Cases" have not determined the question nor are any of the precedents to be found in our history precisely similar to the case of the Porto Rican ante nati. This is due to the difference in the nature of our recent ac- quisitions and those made formerly. Of the Indian little need be said. Nomad tribes do not long survive the contact with civilization. The populations taken over from France and Mexico were insignificant in number. They were, moreover, largely of Caucasian race and civilization, and a growing stream of immigration soon made the new lands thoroughly Ameri- can. Moreover, the two civilizations were in fact equal or nearly so, and the treaties both of Paris (1800) and of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), recognized that fact by according to the new inhabitants the rights of American citizens. Thus the problem as to the legal status of the inhabitants of Louisiana and the ter- ritory acquired from Mexico was solved or solved itself ab initio. The under- lying theory upon which both treaties were based was "expansion" rather than "imperialism." But the problem of to-day cannot be solved either by extermination, as in the case of the Indian, nor by assimilation, as in the case of the few Frenchmen and Spaniards. Neither the methods of Miles Standish nor those of Jefiferson will suffice us now. We must move on a heretofore untrodden path and find precedents up>on which to base intelligent legislation and administration, not so much in our own history as in that of other nations who have preceded us in attempting to govern non-assimilable peoples. In such an argument as this we must begin by defining the necessary terms, otherwise we will end as do many legal discussions in having with much clamor demolished a man of straw. The object is to ascertain exactly what, under existing law, is the constitu- tional and legal status of the Porto Rican born before April 11, 1899. To call him a citizen when we are in hopeless disagreement as to the meaning of that term will only result in creating added confusion. If the Circuit Court was correct, then we have to-day a new and seemingly paradoxical legal category of "American Aliens." The object of language is to denote objectively existing facts or relations. What idea the. mutually ex- clusive term "American Aliens" can convey it is difficult to say. The man with- out a country would thus be transferred from the realm of poetry into the do- main of law, since an affirmance of the decision here appealed from would de- clare the law of the United States, as expounded by its highest tribunal, to be that there exists under the jurisdiction of the United States a large class of persons who are strangers and aliens here and in every other nation of the globe. There can be nothing in law or in fact to justify or necessitate so ex- traordinary a result. specimen Brief on Appeal, (Ch. 1 Brief of the Argument. I. — The petitioner-appellant cannot be sent back by the Immigration Bureau unless she is an "alien immigrant." If she does not fall within that class the statute cannot affect her; the Commissioner of Immigration had no jurisdiction, and the writ should have been sustained. 11. — The petitioner is not an alien because on April 11, 1899, she ceased to be a Spanish subject and her allegiance unquestioned, complete and permanent, was transferred to the Government of the United States by the Treaty with Spain proclaimed on that date. This proposition is demonstrated by the following considerations: (a) Allegiance is determinative of nationahty or subjection. Our law of nationality, i. e., the law which determines what persons are American nationals as contradistinguished from foreigners or aliens was derived from and must be examined in the light of the common law. That law makes nationality or subjection dependent upon allegiance. (b) In the United States the tests as to what constitutes "nationality" or "subjection" are the same as the English common law. The problem has here been confused, however, by the use of the word "citizen" in two senses. It is generally and properly used to indicate the holder of political rights or priv- ileges in a State; as has been aptly said of a citizen in a democracy, "one who possesses a homeopathically diluted dose of sovereignty." Such persons may be accurately characterized as active citizens (burghers). The word has also been used in its broad sense as denoting all members of the nation and in this sense it has been considered as identical with subjection at the common law. Such persons may be characterized as passive citizens. In our history there have been two apparent exceptions to the rule that pas- sive citizenship and subjection are identical, and we have had persons who were neither citizens nor aliens. The free negroes under the Dred Scott de- cision were held by this Court not to be citizens, even in the general sense, yet they were not aliens but American nationals or subjects because their allegiance, complete and absolute was owing to the United States. Again, the Indian sepa- rated from his tribe was not considered a citizen, yet he could not well have been an alien, because he owed no other allegiance than to the United States. Elk V. Wilkins, 112 U. S. 94, 5 Sup. Ct. 41, 28 L. Ed. 643. Karrahoo v. Adams, 1 Dill. 344, Fed. Cas. No. 7,614. The Porto Rican is, therefore, under our law, a subject or national — the only really debatable question being as to whether he is a citizen in the general sense, having the civil rights and status of such or whether he is a mere sub- ject like the free negro and the Indian above mentioned. In no event is he an alien. III.^ — The Judge at Circuit based his decision on the ground that the pe- titioner, not having been born in the United States, nor naturalized by the Trea- ty, must have retained her original status just as though Porto Rico had not been annexed; consequently, she remained an alien. Granting arguendo the premises, the argument is fallacious in assuming that because the petitioner is not a citizen, she is necessarily, and ipso facto an alien — no such alternative exists. The cession changed her allegiance. That fact is indisputable. The Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 5 shifting of her allegiance changed her status from that of a Spanish national into an American national. The Court below overlooked the fact that there may be and have been subjects who are not citizens, and that the two are not necessarily exclusive terms. Hence his error. The treaty cession, if it did not naturalise the petitioner at least nationalized her. IV. — This distinction between grades or classes of subjects or nationals is illustrated in the history of other countries. The French courts have held Al- gerians to be French subjects, in consequence of the de facto annexation of Algeria — although in the absence of legislation or treaty they could not be French citizens. V. — A broad view of the Treaty leads to the conclusion that the natives were not only nationalized, but collectively naturalized by the cession. ARGUMENT. Jurisdiction of the Immigration Commissioner. The Commissioner could have no jurisdiction unless the petitioner were an alien. This is clearly stated by the learned Circuit Judge in the court below. "The only question open for discussion on this application is whether "or not petitioner is an alien. Upon all other questions the decision "of the appropriate immigration officers, when adverse to the admission "of the alien is made final, unless reversed on appeal to the Secretary of "the Treasury. Act Aug. 18, 1894, c. 301, 28 Stat. 390 [U. S. Comp. "St. 1901, p. 1303]. "It is true that this Court held to the contrary in Re Martorelli (C. "C.) 63 Fed. 437, following In re Panzara (D. C.) 51 Fed. 275, but "the Act of 1894 was not before it. The Martorelli Case was decided "in October, 1894, before the statutes of that year were published" (Rec, fols. 15-17). II. The cession of Porto Rico definitely transferred the allegiance of the na- tive inhabitants from Spain to the United States. The Treaty with Spain of December 10, 1898, provides that: "Article II. "Spain cedes to the United States the Island of Porto Rico and oth- "er Islands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies, and the "Island of Guam in the Marianas or Ladrones." "Article III. "Spain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the "Philippine Islands, and comprehending the Islands lying within the "following line ; * * * " Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 "Article IX. "Spanish subjects, natives of the Peninsula, residing in the territory "over which Spain by the present treaty rehnquishes or cedes her sov- "eignty, may remain in such territory or may remove therefrom, re- "taining in either event all their rights of property, including the right "to sell or dispose of such property or of its proceeds; and they shall "also have the right to carry on their industry, commerce and profes- "sions, being subject in respect thereof to such laws as are applicable "to other foreigners. In case they remain in the territory they may pre- "serve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain by making, before a Court "of Record, within a year from the date of the exchange of ratifications "of this treaty, a declaration of their decision to preserve such allegiance ; "in default of which declaration they shall be held to have renounced it "and to have adopted the nationality of the territory in zifhich they may '•reside." "The civil rights and political status of the native inhabitants of the "territories hereby ceded to the United States shall be determined by "the Congress." The treaty thus definitely accomplishes one legal result, it transfers the sovereignty of Spain over the Islands and their peoples to the United States and with such sovereignty necessarily the allegiance of the people, natives of Spain alone possessing the right to preserve their Spanish allegiance ujxjn complying with the requirements of the treaty. The Porto Ricans have thus ceased to owe allegiance to Spain and now owe it to the United States. What- ever consequences follow from this fact cannot be avoided. But their alle- giance or subjection having been transferred, they necessarily have become Unit- ed States nationals or subjects. No other conditions are necessary to consti- tute American nationality. The islanders cannot be aliens unless they owe allegiance to some other government, and even the most advanced anti-Imperialist will not contend that they are still subject to Spain, however much he may deprecate the making of the Treaty of Paris. The man without a country is not known to law. Having ceased to be Spanish subjects or nationals, Porto Ricans are no longer aliens and have be- come United States nationals or subjects. The treaty actually accomplished a cession of the territory and a transfer of allegiance. It made the territory domestic territory. De Lima v. Bidwell 182 U. S. 1, 21 Sup. Ct. 743, 45 h. Ed. 1041. The reservation as to political status and civil rights cannot change that cardinal fact. The country ceased to be a foreign country, yet Judge Lacombe holds the native inhabitants to be foreigners. Aliens are merely foreigners residing or sojourning in the United States. An alien is necessarily a foreigner and must owe allegiance to another country! "An alien is a foreigner, a person resident in one country but owing "allegiance to another." Ency. Eaw, Alien. "Alien, not belonging to the same country, land or government or "the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; as alien subjects, enemies. Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 7 "property, shores; wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse." Webster's International Dictionary. , "Alien, a stranger born ; a person born in another or foreign country "as distinguished from a native or natural born subject or citizen ; in "English law, one born out of the legiance or allegiance of the king; in "American law, one born out of the jurisdiction of the United States. "2 Kent's Com., 50. Alien and Foreigner are synonymous terms. "Spratt's Lessee v. Spratt, 1 Pet. 343, 7 L,. Ed. 171." Burrill's Law Dic- tionary. When the Porto Rican ceased to owe allegiance to Spain, it is difficult to see how he could still remain a foreigner. He was an inhabitant of domestic territory. Certainly he occupied a different relation to the United States from that which he had previously sustained. He became subject to its laws and its exclusive sovereignty. These facts mtist have some significance. The treaty could not take away his Spanish allegiance, transfer it to the United States and leave him unaffected. The status of alienage or non-alienage depends upon facts. The facts ac- complished by the treaty were none the less facts because the power was re- served to Congress to pass upon the status of the Islanders. Congress cannot make red men white men, even by Joint Resolution, nor can they make Porto Ricans aliens by calling them such. In order to become aliens they would have to pass under another domination. They might be transferred to Spain or ceded to some other power or given independence, but until then they are and must retnain United States nationals. The fact of alienage necessarily involves the idea of a power to whom al- legiance is due. But no man or woman can owe the debt of allegiance without an equivalent. Who feels the advantage should also bear the burden, says the old adage; but it is equally true that he who is called to bear the burden should derive some benefit or compensation therefrom. What "commodum" or ad- vantage does the appellant reap from her situation? To whom does she owe allegiance, outside of the United States? What nation in the wide world will raise, nay, will be permitted by us to raise a finger or even a voice in behalf of this woman if she is injured in her property and restrained in her liberty? What flag may she look to in her necessity, outside the flag of the United States? Against what Government or nation may she commit treason? And if she should commit such acts, in Porto Rico, against the sovereignty of the United States as constitute that crime, would she go unwhipped of justice because she had not been naturahzed a citizen of the United States? If it should be claimed that a Treaty alone and without an act of Congress cannot raise her out of her condition as a derelict alien, it is plain that such a claim cannot be sustained. The Treaty became from the date of its ratifica- tion the supreme law of the land, and the language here is plain and unequivo- cal. Spain cedes to the United States the Island of Porto Rico and other is- lands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies. This cession, accept- ed as it was, by the United States, necessarily transferred the sovereignty to this Government. That sovereignty plainly is, as it must be, exclusive of any foreign power. Either Miss Gonzalez is an undefined waif, on the sea of political uncer- tainty, or she belongs to the United States, and may look to it for protection against injury, for redress where wrong has been done and for assistance where 8 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 it may be needed against any Government of the earth, Spain included. The new master, viz., the United States, talces her allegiance with a burden, and having deprived her of all claim on the old master, has taken his place. Other clauses of the Treaty make these considerations even more obvious than they might be if unaided by the terms of that instrument. To some ex- tent, at least, the contracting parties had in contemplation the possible rights of the Spanish citizens who were transferred to a new sovereignty. There is a saving clause allowing an option to Spanish subjects, natives of the Peninsula, residing in the territory over which Spain by the Treaty relinquished or ceded her sovereignty. Such residents might preserve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain by making before a court of record a declaration of their intention to preserve such allegiance; otherwise they would be held to have renounced it and to have adopted "the nationality of the territory" in which they might re- side. "Manifestly the nationality of the inhabitants of territory acquired "by conquest or cession becomes that of the government under whose "dominion they pass subject to the right of election on their part to re- "tain their former nationality by removal or otherwise, as may be pro- "vided." Boyd V. Thayer, 143 U. S., at page 162, 12 Sup. Ct., at page 382, 36 Iv. Ed. 103. This clause may not directly assist Miss Gonzalez, for she is not a native of the Peninsula, and if she were, she has not availed herself of the privilege of filing the necessary declaration within the year. But is it not quite palpable that she has become vested with the same "nationality" as the Spanish native of the Peninsula who has -chosen to sever his connection with Spain by failure to file the necessary declaration? It can hardly have been in the contemplation of the parties to the treaty that she and those similarly situated should be with- out any "nationality" whatever, while other ex-Spaniards assumed by their non-action the nationality of the territory in which they happened to reside. It seems plain that the intention was to make nationality the rule upon which the sole exception engrafted, was that in behalf of the native of the Peninsula. If he was satisfied with the "nationality" of American Porto Rico, he need only abstain from acting at all and the general rule of nationality applied to him. III. Allegiance determines Nationality. (a) Nationality, broadly speaking, means simply membership in some po- litical community. In the ancient world it was dependent upon descent (citi- zenship jure sanguinis) the State being based on the clan, i. e., tribal law. The descendant of a citizen was always a citizen wherever born, and the descendant of a foreigner always a foreigner, unless actually naturalized by positive legis- lation. At Rome the rule was "once a peregrine always a peregrine." The Jus Sanguinis thus inherited from the Roman law became the law in Europe, but for obvious historic reasons never took root in England. In that country the rule of Jiis Soli, i. e., subjection or citizenship because of birth within the King's allegiance and dominion, was the law from the time of the Norman Conquest. As Prof. Pollock says : Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 9 ■' A foreigner at the head of an army recruited from many lands "conquered England, became King of the English and endowed his "followers with English lands. For a long time after this there could "be little law against aliens, there could hardly be such a thing as Eng- "lish nationality" (History of the English Law, vol. I, p. 443) Thus it came about that by the English law : "As regards the definition of the two great classes of men which "have to be distinguished from each otlier, the main rule is very simple. "The place of birth is all important. A child born within any terri- "tory that is subject to the King of England is a natural-born subject of "the King of England" (Id., p. 441). t Coupled with this rule, which has continued in England to be the law down to the present, was the doctrine of indelible allegiance and consequent denial of the right of expatriation. Hence the rule "once a subject always a subject" — but this doctrine was modified so that the right to change one's allegiance was finally recognized by allowing British subjects to expatriate themselves and aliens to become subjects by letters patent from the Crown or by Act of parliament, i. e., by denization or naturalization. Thus the sole requisite necessary to constitute a British subject is allegiance or subjection. This subjection, whether due to birth within the King's domin- ion or to a transfer of allegiance from a foreign sovereignty to English sov- ereignty, is the one essential requisite for determining the nationality of the individual. Either he owes allegiance to the sovereign or he does not. In the one case he is a subject, in the other he is an alien. It is quite evident that these two categories include all men and leave no middle class. Whatever number of classifications may exist as to subjects and what rights, civil or poHtical, belong to each class or how diverse may be the privileges ac- corded by law or treaty to aliens of one nation or another, the English rule leaves no room for quibble as to who are aliens and who are subjects. It is quite clear that by the common law a change of sovereignty from a foreign domination makes the inhabitants, both ante nati and post nati, British subjects. "Naturalization by conquest was the consequence of that change "in the law of war by which the conqueror instead of gaining captives "and slaves and property,' obtained dominion and subjects. This was "the law soon after the arrival of the Normans in England, and was "certainly understood to be so as early as the reign of Henry II, when "the people of Ireland became his subjects from the conquest of the "island. Lord Coke mentions in his report of Calvin's Case, among the "ways by which the denization of an alien may be effected — that of con- "quest. " 'As if the King and his subjects should conquer another kingdom " 'or dominion, as well ante nati as post nati, as well they which fought " 'in the field, as they which remained at home for the defense of their " 'country, or employed elsewhere, are all denizens of the Kingdom or " 'dominion conquered.' " Coke's Reports, Part VII, folio 6 * * '■' "by such operation of law it is not too much, to assert, said Chalmers "in 1814, that there had been acquired to the British Empire since the "commencement of the present reign forty millions of subjects." (Chal- mers' Colonial Opinions, 663) Lawrence's Wheaton. Appendix, p. 894. 10 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 The English rule on the subject is admirably expounded by Lord Mansfield in Campbell v. Hall, 1 Cowper's Reports, 204 (1774). This was an action against the collector of customs of the Island of Grenada to recover certain duties there levied in accordance with a Royal decree. The case thus involved the question as to the power of the Crown over captured territory, Grenada having been captured from the French and Parliament having taken no action in regard thereto. "The special verdict then states some articles of the capitulation. "* * * It next states the 6th Article where to a demand of the in- "habitants of Grenada, requiring that they should be maintained in their "property and effects, etc., the answer is the inhabitants being subjects ■ "of Great Britain, will enjoy their properties and privileges in like man- "ner as the other, his majesty's subjects, in the other British Leeward "Islands ; so that the answer is that they will have the consequences of "thei/r being subjects, and that they will be as much subjects as any of "the other Leeward Islands." Lord Mansfield then states general propositions governing such a case. "A country conquered by the British Arms becomes a dominion of "the King in the right of his crown ; and therefore, necessarily subject "to the legislature, the Parliament of Great Britain." "The 2nd is, That the conquered inhabitants once received under the "King's protection, became subjects, and are to be universally considered "in that light, not as enemies or aliens.'' The converse of this proposition is equally true. It is so stated by the eminent English commentator on International Law, Westlake. "The cession of a British territory, or the acknowledgment of its "independence, causes the loss of their British nationality by all per- "sons domiciled within it at the date of the cession." Int. Private Law, 203. Doe V. Acklam, 2 B. & C. 779, held that all British subjects in Amer- ica became aliens on the signing of the treaty recognizing American independence. In the case of the Stepney Election Petition, 1886, 17 Q. B. D., 54, it was held that Hanoverians, born before the accession of Victoria, were British subjects, not aliens, but by the separation of the Crown they became aliens and could not vote in England, Lord Coleridge there said : "It has long been settled that while the crowns of the countries, "are held by the same persons the inhabitants of the two countries are "not aliens in the two countries respectively. * * * '' "The Hanoverian by birth who had needed no naturalization in "the lifetime of William IV needed it when the Hanoverian heir and "the successor of that monarch was no longer the sovereign of these "islands. * * * He became an alien because the sovereign to whom "his allegiance was due became a foreign sovereign; * * * fj^g "crowns had by accident, been united in one person, but when the union "of the crowns came to an end, the union of allegiance ceased too." Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 11 Thus the English law both ancient and modern is quite plain. Had Spain ceded Porto Rico to England in the same manner as she did to the United States, no possible doubt could have existed that the native inhabitants were British subjects. No question could have arisen here had it not been for the ambiguous meaning of the term citizen in American law. The United States Government did not claim until this case arose that the islanders were aliens. The Attorney-General in the Insular cases took the po- sition that they were subjects. "To be called an American subject is no disgrace. The term does "not imply anything as to the nature or form of the Government of "which one is a subject. It imports only that a person is within the "protection and allegiance, — either permanent or temporary — of a par- "ticular sovereignty; it may be imperial or it may be republican. It "does not signify in any degree the grade or status of citizenship oc- "cupied by the person within the domestic economy of his sovereign." "The Insular Cases." Brief of Atty-Gen., 172. (b) The question as to the meaning of the term citizen and what constitutes citizenship under the United States Constitution and laws, must be examined in the light of the English law. U. S. v.Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S. 655, 18 Sup. Ct. 456, 42 L. Ed. 890. See also. Minor v. Happersett, 31 Wall. 162, 32 L. Ed. 627. Boyd V. U. S., 116 U. S. 616, 6 Sup. Ct. 524, 29 E. Ed. 746. Ex parte Wilson, 114 U. S. 417, 5 Sup. Ct. 935, 29 L. Ed. 89. Smith V. Alabama, 124 U. S. 465, 8 Sup. Ct. 564, 31 L. Ed. 508. Moore v. U. S., 91 U. S. 270, 23 E- Ed. 346. "The interpretation of the Constitution of the United States is nec- "essarily influenced by the fact that its provisions are framed in the "language of the English common law and are to be read in the light "of its history." Justice Matthews in Smith v. Alabama, 134 U. S. 478, 8 Sup. Ct. 569, 31 E. Ed. 508. "British subject means any person who owes permanent allegiance "to the crown" (Dicey, Conflict of Laws, 173-177). "Nationality or "Allegiance in substance depended * * * not upon the locality of a "man's birth, but upon his being born within the jurisdiction and al- "legiance of the Kmg of England." "The term 'citizen' as understood in our law is precisely analogous "to the term 'subject" in the common law, and the change of phrase has "entirely resulted from the change of Government." United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S., at pages 657, 658-664, 18 Sup. Ct., at pages 460, 462, 43 E. Ed. 890. In a very recent case this Court again said : "The term 'citizen' in our law is precisely analogous to the term " 'subject' in the common law and the change of phrase has entirely re- 12 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 "suited from the change of government. The sovereignty has been "transferred from one man to the collective body of the people and a " 'subject' of the king is novi^ a 'citizen' of the State." Hennessy v. Drug Co., 189 U. S., at pages 34, 35, 23 Sup. Ct., at pages 533, 534, 47 L. Ed. 697. That the terms citizen and subject are at present identical in meaning is clear from Minor v. Happersett, 31 Wall. 162, 22 L. Ed. 627. "The very idea of a political community, such as a nation is, implies "an association of persons for the promotion of their general welfare. "Each one of the persons associated becomes a member of the nation "formed by the association. He owes it allegiance and is entitled to its "protection. Allegiance and protection are, in this connection, reciprocal "obligations. The one is a compensation for the other; allegiance for "protection and protection for allegiance. "For convenience it has been found necessary to give a name to this "membership. The object is to designate by a title the person and the "relation he bears to the nation. For this purpose the words 'subject,' " 'inhabitant' and 'citizen' have been used and the choice between them is "sometimes made to depend upon the form of the government. Citizen "is now more commonly employed, however, and as it has been consid- "ered better suited to the description of one living under a republican "government, it was adopted by nearly all the States upon their separa- "tion from Great Britain, and was afterward adopted in the Articles of "Confederation and in the Constitution of the United States. When "used in this sense it is understood as conz'eying the idea of member- "ship of a nation and nothing more" (pp. 165, 166 of 31 Wall. [23 I/. Ed. 637]). As has been tersely said by an eminent publicist: "The law knows nations only as political communities, as sovereign "and independent States. Nationality, therefore, as a legal attribute of "persons, is connection with a certain body politic, membership in a "particular State. The members of a State are called its subjects or "citizens. The former term, if properly construed, is applicable to the "people of any nation without regard to the form of government, for "every State is based upon the relation of its members to its sovereign. "But the word subject has become historically associated with the theo- "ries of feudal and absolute monarchy, emd has thus fallen into disfavor." (Encyclopaedia Political, Science and United States History, ar- ticle Nationality, by Munroe Smith.) Mr. Butler in his recent work says that the word nationality is used to "distinguish the people of the United States as a people rather than as "a race; the people of the United States forming as they do, a nation, "are necessarily composed of many races — Christian and Mohammedan " — Anglo-Saxon, Teutonic and Latin — Jew and Gentile — all of these, "as well as other racial elements, unite in forming one people as a na- "tion; in this sense therefore 'nationality' signifies as to the people, "the element of homogeneity by which all these people .are united, re- Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 13 "gardless of internal and sectional diflferences, into a great nation, ovv- "ing allegiance to a common government as against all of the other "governments of the world." Butler, Treaty Making Power, p. 16m., vol. I. Summing up on this point it seems perfectly clear that the transfer of the allegiance of the native inhabitants made them subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; they were no longer foreigners, or aliens, but became subjects or nationals. This is enough for the purpose of the case, but the matter is Of such importance that the question may perhaps be elucidated by inquiring whether, if having ceased to be aliens, they have become citizens or whether they form a class of nationals who are not also citizens. IV. The change of allegiance, while it made the Porto Rican born before the cession a national or subject, did not necessarily make him a citizen. The steps by which the Circuit Judge reached his conclusion that the peti- tioner was an alien are as follows: I. — The inhabitants of Porto Rico were aliens prior to the ratification of the Treaty of Paris, April 11, 1899. II. — As such alien inhabitants they could only become citizens of the United States by naturalization. III. — The petitioner having been born before the treaty, must show that she has been naturalized. She could invoke no law save the treaty of annexa- tion. But conceding the possibility of collective naturalization by treaty, the Treaty of Paris expressly reserved the "civil rights and political status of the native inhabitants" to the future action of Congress. IV. — Congress not having legislated as to the naturalization of Porto Ricans, they have not become citizens ; therefore, their original status remains unaffected and they are aliens. Or to use the learned Judge's exact language: "Being foreign born and not naturalized, she remained an alien and "subject to the provisions of law regulating the admission of aliens "who come to the United States" (Record, p. 16). Thus, according to this decision, there is no middle ground between citizens and aliens, and any one who is not an American citizen is necessarily an alien. "An America ahen" certainly would seem, at least to one unaccustomed to some of the startling paradoxes of the law, a strange and monstrous category. Is it a logical result ? We think not, and for the following reasons : It is true that the ninth clause of the Treaty provides that the civil rights and political status of the native inhabitants of the territories ceded to the United States shall be determined by Congress. But this determination be- longed to Congress in any event. It may plausibly be contended that the natives of Porto Rico did not become "citizens" by virtue of the Treaty, for the Treaty does not in tenns make, or profess to make, them such. It would be enough for our purpose that it "nationalizes" them, which may be quite different in its effect from "naturalizing" them. 14 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 If there is no difference between a national and an alien it was quite pos- sible to exclude Miss Gonzalez from our country, because she had not gone through the forms of naturalization and renounced her allegiance to some for- eign power which she would have found it difficult to name. If she had named Spain, which had rejected and repudiated her, an element of humor might be injected into the case, but would not relieve it of its difficulties. "The political status and civil rights" having been reserved for the future action of Congress, it is possible to argue that no naturalization has taken place; it has, however, already been shown that the Porto Ricans were na- tionalized, that is to say, their allegiance transferred, but as nationalization does not necessarily mean naturalization, it may well be that they occupy an intermediate status between citizens of the United States and aliens. In other words, they are certainly entitled to the protection of the government, and, as far as foreign nations are concerned, are Americans, yet they may not be vested with all the rights of citizens of the United States. What these rights of citizens of the United States are, it is very difficult to determine. The- trend of doctrine in the Supreme Court of the United States seems to be that most of the rights of citizenship are under the protection of the States themselves, that civil liberty was not nationalized by the Fourteenth Amendment, and that only such rights as are expressly secured by the Con- stitution of the United States belong to the citizen; that for the vindication of all others he must look to the State. Thus the citizen of the United States who is not also a State citizen, but an inhabitant of a Territory, holds his rights subject to the discretion of Congress, except in so far as that, body may be limited by the express mandates of the Constitution. Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S. 3, 3 Sup. Ct. 18, 27 L. Ed. 835. In the recent case of Maxwell v. Dow, 176 U. S. 681, at pages 588, 589, 30 Sup. Ct. 448, at pages 451, 452 (44 L. Ed. 597), the Court quotes, with ap- proval, the language of Mr. Justice Miller in the Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 21 ly. Ed. 394, referring to section 2 of the fourth article of the Con- stitution, wherein it is provided that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States. The Court says : "We feel no hesitation in confining these expressions to those priv- "ileges and immunities which are in their nature fundamental; which "belong of right to the citizens of all free governments, and which "have at all times been enjoyed by citizens of the several States which "compose this Union from the time of their becoming free, independent "and sovereign. What these fundamental principles are it would be "more tedious than difficult to enumerate. They may, however, be all "comprehended under the following general heads: Protection by the "government; * * * The enjoyment of life and liberty with the "right to acquire and possess property of every kind, and to pursue and "obtain happiness and safety, subject, nevertheless, to such restraints as "the- government may prescribe for the general good of the whole." It is thus apparent that the rights of citizens of the United States are almost impossible of definition. The general right to life, liberty and property, pro- vided for by the Constitution and more specifically by the ten Amendments in favor of civil liberty, applies to all men alike, whether citizens or ahens. Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 15 Wong Wing v. U. S., 163 U. S. 228, 16 Sup. Ct. 977, 41 L. Ed. 140. See, al- so, Woodrow Wilson, The State, p. 498, § 917. The only positive right conferred by the Constitution upon a citizen as such seems to be the right to sue in a Federal Court. This was the right which it was held that Dred Scott did not possess because not a citizen. Thus, as far as the Government of the United States is concerned, the inhabitants of the Is- lands, assuming them to be nationals, but not citizens, could hardly be said to have any lesser civil rights in fact than full citizens of the United States. While they could not sue in Federal Courts, this would scarcely be an additional bur- den to those that remained at home, because this right only belongs to a citizen of the United States residing in a State. It is not possessed by the residents of the District of Columbia, nor of the Territories of the United States. As far as the action of the States themselves is concerned, the matter be- comes somewhat more complicated. One of the most natural illustrations is as to the holding of real estate in the various States. In many of our States there exists as an obsolete remnant of the old and barbarous Droit-d' aubaine, the law by which an alien holder of real estate is subject to an action of for- feiture. This rule, according to the learned Mr. Pollock, arose historically from the habit of the English Crown of confiscating the estates of Norman nobles, situated in England, who swore allegiance to the Crown of France after the sepa- ration of Normandy from England. This practice ripened with time into a gen- eral rule of law. Its illustrious origin has long been forgotten, and it now re- mains as a remnant of ancient, time-honored law. History of the English Law, Vol. I, 441-50. It is to be noted, however, that the right to hold real estate free from any interference on the part of the Government is not a right inherent in the citizen as such, but that the prohibition is simply a disability of alienage. Thus, if our theory be correct, a Porto Rican might well hold real estate in the City of New York, free from molestation by the Attorney-General, because, even if not con- sidered a citizen, he certainly is not an alien, and, therefore, not under the con- sequent disabilities. It is thus apparent that there are very few, if any, civil rights which in such a view he would not have in common with citizens. As to political rights, however, the situation is entirely different. Usually, though not always, the right to vote in the various States is conditioned upon citizenship of the United States, and, if our theory be correct, statutes to this effect might not apply to a Porto Rican national, and thus in the absence of State legislation, especially made to fit his case, he would not be allowed to vote in the States. As some of the States, however, allow aliens to vote, after a declaration of intention to become citizens, this disability could and would easily, if the State desired it, be removed for the benefit of those of our new inhab- itants who desired to settle in the States. As a writer on International Law recently put it (Mr. Randolph, in his ex- cellent article on "The Insular Cases"), "There is nothing in the Constitution of the United States to prevent a State from inviting an immigrant to go from the wharf to the polls and vote for presidential electors." Columbia Law Review. It is thus manifest that the distinction here made between aliens and nationals is very important for the Islanders themselves, and if held sound by the Su- preme Court of the United States, they will not be under the disability of alien- 16 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 age and will enjoy nearly, if not quite, all the ordinary civil rights pertaining to the citizen. On the other hand, the distinction between the two classes of nationals, namely, citizens of the United States, that is to say, those born or naturalized within the United States, and those not born or naturalized therein, but owing allegiance thereto, is important. If Porto Ricans are not citizens of the United States, all the poHtical privileges accorded by law to citizens as such would not apply to them, and thus in the absence of special legislation they would have no political rights in the various States until the States chose to change their legislation. In so far as the Islanders remaining at home are concerned, they would, in any event, be subject to the complete control of Congress in the matter of political rights, the Constitution placing no limitation upon Con- gress, acting in and for the Territories, in that respect. In this regard they would be under no greater political disability than inhabitants of the District of Columbia. It seems to us that this conclusion harmonizes with the general theory of the Treaty makers and the general policy of the government, which is to confer the ordinary civil rights upon the new inhabitants, while withholding from them all political privileges. It may be asked whether they have the right to trial by jury and to the other civil rights guaranteed by the Constitution. It is sufficient to say that these rights are in no wise dependent, either upon citizenship or alienage. They are accorded to all persons within the United States — although that term is now im- possible of delimitation. Insular Cases, 183 U. S. 1-391, 21 Sup. Ct. 743- 827, 45 L,. Ed. 1041-1146. It is quite possible, however, that the Supreme Court might decide that some of these limitations were only operative upon Congress when acting within the United States, in the narrow sense, proper, and that, therefore, they did not apply to the new inhabitants. Territory of Hawaii v. Osaki Mankichi, 190 U. S. 197, 33 Sup. Ct. 787, 47 L. Ed. 1016. It is thus seen that this question is entirely beside that of citizenship or alienage and has only to do with the ap- plicability of certain portions of the constitution when limiting the power of Congress in legislating for the new territory. This theory, while according to our new nationals certain rights, and con- ferring upon them a country, does not in any way interfere with the policies of the people of the United States by giving to the new peoples any political power, and hence any voice as to our government or institutions. They are alike cut oflf, in both cases, from any injurious interference in the destinies of the nation. It is evident that there may be various gradations or subdivisions of subjec- tion. Subjects may possess varying degrees of civil or political rights as is well said by one of the latest writers upon the subject. "Generally the term citizen is used in regard to the 'national' in- "vested with all civil and political rights. We must not, however, con- "fuse, as is too often done, these two terms. Every national indeed is "not a citizen, although every citicen is a national. In France, for in- "stance, minors, married women and incompetents are not citizens, but "they nevertheless possess French nationality; they are deprived of po- "litical rights and only possess the enjoyment of civil rights. The Al- "gerians have not even the enjoyment of civil rights; they are governed "by the Mussulman law in their relation between themselves, and yet Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 17 "they have been solemnly declared Frenchmen by the senatus consultm "of 1865, and the decisions of the Court had upon several occasions "theretofore recognized that they possessed this quality (French na- "tionality)." (Cogordan, La. Nationalite, pp. 7-8.) The great publicist Bluntschli, following the same line of thought, says: "The body of full citizens rise above the general mass of the members "of a country or nation. Full citizenship implies membership in the "nation, but more than that, it implies complete political rights; it is "thus the fullest expression of the relation of the individual to the "State." (Theory of the State, English translation, p. 203.) The framers of the Constitution probably supposed that in the United States, nationality and subjection were identical, that is to say, that all persons within the permanent allegiance of the United States were citizens just as such persons had been subjects of Great Britain before the Revolution. This view seems to have been practically undisturbed in the United States until the famous case of Dred Scott v. Sanford, 19 How. 399, 15 L. Ed. 691, which held that subjection and citizenship were not necessarily identical and that there existed a class of persons in the United States who, although not aliens, were nevertheless not citizens. We refer to the status of the free Negro before the enactment of the XlVth Amendment. "The words (in the Constitution) 'people of the United States' and " 'citizens' are synonymous terms, and mean the same thing. They "both describe the political body who, according to our republican in- "stitutions, form the sovereignty, and who hold the power and conduct "the Government through their representatives. * * * Congress "might, as we have before said, have authorized the naturalization of "Indians, because they were aliens and foreigners. * * * Xhe Afri- "can race, hoivever, born in the country, did owe allegiance to the Gov- "ernment, whether they were slave or free; but it is repudiated and re- "jected from the duties and obligations of citizenship in marked Ian- "guage." Pages 404, 405 of 19 How. [15 E. Ed. 691]. The question involved in the Dred Scott Case was whether a free negro could sue as a citizen in the federal courts, and the decision was based upon the fact that he could not have been a member of the political people. It was the impossibility that he should have been invested with political rights that led the Court to declare him a mere subject. The status of the colored race was, until the enactment of the XlVth Amend- ment changed their status, settled by this decision. Mr. Chief Justice Fuller in his dissenting opinion in the case of United States V. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S. 649, 18 Sup. Ct. 456, 42 L,. Ed. 890, says : "Nor would a naturalization law excepting persons of a certain race "and their children be invalid, unless the amendment has abridged the "power of naturalization. This cannot apply to our colored fellozv- "citizens, who never were aliens." Page 729 of 169 U. S., page 487 of 18 Sup. Ct. [42 L. Ed. 890]. It was for the purpose of removing from our jurisprudence this class of persons who owed the United States allegiance and yet were not citizens that the 14th Amendment defined citizenship. This definition made citizenship Pbact.Man.— 2 18 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 and subjection at the common law identical, as Mr. Chief Justice Fuller said, in the Wong Kim Ark Case (page 727 of 169 U. S., page 486 of 18 Sup. Ct. [43 h. Ed. 890]) referring to the fact that the 14th Amendment was intended to apply to the colored race : "They were not aliens (and even if they could be so regarded, this "operated as a collective naturalization) and their political status could "not be affected by any change of the laws for the naturalization of in- . "dividuals." As this Court said in Blk- v. Wilkms, 112 U. S. 101, 5 Sup. Ct. 45, 28 t,. Ed. 643 : "The main object of the opening sentence of the XlVth Amend- "ment was to settle the question, upon which there had been a difference "of opinion throughout the country and in this Court, as to the citizen- "ship of free negroes (Scott v. Sandford, 19 How. 393, 15 L. Ed. 691) ; "and to put it beyond doubt that all persons, white or black, and wheth- "er formerly slaves or not, born or naturalized in the United States, and "owing no allegiance to any alien power, should be citizens of the "United States and of the State in which they reside." The only other instance in the history of the United States in which sub- jection and citizenship have not been identical is that of the status of the Indian living apart from his tribe and who has assumed the habits of civilization. In the case of Elk v. Wilkins, supra, it was held that an Indian, bom a mem- ber of one of the tribes, who was voluntarily separated from his tribe and had taken up his residence among the white citizens of a State is not a citizen of the United States within the meaning of the 14th Amendment. The theory as to the legal status of Indians has always been, since the case of the Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 5 Pet. 1, 8 L,. Ed. 25, that the Indian mem- ber of a tribe owed immediate allegiance to his tribe, which was in turn under a general protectorate of the United States, and hence did not come either within the definition of subjection at the common law, or within the purview of the XlVth Amendment. Consequently it was necessary to consider him as an alien, a member of a tribe which the United States recognized at least as quasi independent by making treaties with it. "The Indian tribes, being within the territorial limits of the United "States, were not, strictly speaking, foreign States ; but they were alien "nations, distinct political communities, with whom the United States "might and habitually did deal, as they thought fit, either through trea- "ties made by the President and Senate, or through acts of Congress "in the ordinary forms of legislation. The members of those tribes "owed immediate allegiance to their several tribes, and were not part of "the people of the United States." Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U. S. 99, 5 Sup. Ct. 44, 28 Iv. Ed. 643. On this theory, therefore. Elk was held not to be a citizen of the United States ; having, however, renounced hi? allegiance to his tribe, it would seem that he had become at least a subject of the United States, and this was the view expressed by Mr. Justice Harlan in his dissenting opinion. "If he (Elk) did not acquire national citizenship on abandoning his "tribe and becoming, by residence in one of the States, subject to the Cb. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 19 "complete jurisdiction of the United States, then the Fourteenth Amend- "ment has wholly failed to accomplish, in respect of the Indian race, "what, we think, was intended by it; and there is still in this country "a despised and rejected class of persons, with no nationality whatever, "who, born in our territory, oiving no allegiance to any foreign power, "and subject, as residents of the States, to all the burdens of govem- "ment, are yet not members of any political community nor entitled to any "of the rights, privileges, or immunities of citizens of the United States." Elk V. Wilkins, 113 U. S. 122, 5 Sup. Ct. 56, 28 I,. Ed. 643. Evidently Congress considered that an end should be put to so anomalous a situation and soon enacted that Indians who had separated themselves from their tribes and taken up civilized life should be considered citizens of the United States. Act Feb. 8, 1887, c. 119, § 6, 24 Stat. 388, 390. We have instanced the case of the free negro and of the Indian separated from his tribe, as the only illustration within our history in which it was pos- sible to consider that we had a class of persons who, while owing allegiance to no foreign government, were not citizens, but merely subjects of the United States. This is doubtless due to the fact that in our history we have been so little brought into contact with races inferior to us in development and civilization. Our former growth has been rather by expansion and assimilation than through the method of imperialism, i. e., the domination over men of one order or kind of civilization, by men of a different and higher civilization. The negro problem was set at rest by the war and the Fourteenth Amendment; the Indian problem by the ruthless progress of civilization, which compelled the opening up and exploiting of the American continent by the overflowing population of old Eur- ope. In the contact, the Indian gradually perished and the problem was re- duced to very minor proportions through the agencies of fire water, gunpowder and well-intended but unwise policy. The logic of events is often more powerful than that of Aristotle. V. Illustrations of distinction between subjects and citizens. Other civilized nations have, however, been brought into contact with un- civilized or semi-civilized tribes or people who became wholly subject to their jurisdiction, and whose legal status it was consequently necessary to solve. We have seen that the English law has always treated such persons from the moment of the severance of their allegiance from their former masters as British subjects. This natural and necessary consequence is also admirably illustrated by one of the most recent territorial acquisitions of France, — that of Algeria. "The conquest of a country like Algeria gives rise to questions which "cannot be governed by the application of the ordinary rules of law fol- "lowed in Europe. In practice it has been admitted that the Algerians "were French subjects, not citizens (it must be remembered) from the "moment that their country was definitely annexed to France. Hence "the tribunal of Paris did not hesitate to declare, even before the treaty 20 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 "of Tafna, of 20th of March, 1837, that the Algerians were like other "Frenchmen, dispensed from the necessity of furnishing security for "costs." Cogordan, La Nationalite. The question was thus very similar to that involved in this case, as in nei- ther case had the executive or the legislative authorities conferred any rights of citizenship upon the annexed people, but their allegiance had been transferred from their former sovereign to the new one. The Court of Cassation declared that although there was no legislation fixing their status, and it had not been established by any treaty, nevertheless the Ordinance of the 10th of Augnist, 1834, had submitted the Algerians to French law and sovereignty, and from that time it was no longer possible to treat them as aliens. "In declaring in its Art. 109 the union of Algeria and the Colonies "to the French Republic, the Constitution of November, 1848, did not "effect anything as to the nationality of the inhabitants; since we find "the counsel for the order of lawyers of Algeria contesting the claim "of a native to be a Frenchman and hence the possibility of his admis- "sion to the bar; this case coming before the Court of Cassation it was "held that by the very fact of the conquest of Algeria the Israelite na- "tives became French subjects. Placed, indeed, under the direct and im- "mediate sovereignty of France, they are unable in any event to claim "the benefit or aid of any other nationality, from which it follows nec- "essarily that the quality of Frenchmen can alone thereafter he the basis "and rule of their civil and political condition." Glard, Nationalite Franqaise, p. 380. In matters of private law the Mohammedan subjects were left under their own rules and customs. The French Government thus recognized a situation which we, until very recent years, refused to recognize in the case of the Indians, namely, that such tribes or peoples living under a different law and civilization, possessing a com- plete organization of their own, should be treated as nationals of the sovereignty to which they were really subject, but should be in their private relations gov- erned by their tribal law. While we did not interfere with the tribal law of the Indians, we yet affected to assimilate them rather to a foreign people than to nationals, and made treaties with them, in preference to legislating for them directly. Our legal theory was thus at variance with the actual facts. The Algerian subject is accorded no political rights whatever and can pos- sess none except by becoming a French citizen. This the Algerian may become either by legislation, for example, the Decret Cremieux, October, 1870, conferred French citizenship on the Israelite inhabitants of Algeria, or by naturalization, but this naturalization is somewhat different from the naturalization of an alien. The Algerian has only to make a simple declaration before the mayor, and after examination as to morality, etc., by the mayor and upon the recom- mendation of the Council of State, the naturalization is granted as matter of right. Already French, the native Mohammedan is subject after his naturalization to all the French civil and political laws ; he pays the French and not the Arab taxes. He becomes immediately an elector, and eligible to Parliament, etc. Glard, Nationalite Franqaise, 263. Ch,"l) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 21 An- analogous question was presented when France annexed Cochin China. The native Anamite inhabitant is declared by law (Decree 25th, 1881) French, but he remains subject to his own local laws and customs except in special cases in which by complying with certain formalities he may be placed under the jurisdiction of the French law, just as in Algeria he may acquire the civil rights of a citizen by showing that he has reached the age of twenty-one and is able to 'speak the French language, etc. (Cogordan, La Nationalite, p. 139). By the cession of Ta'iti to France in lieu of the former protectorate, the whole native population became French subjects. The law (31 Dec, 1880), declared that "French nationality has been acquired (de plein droit) by all the for- mer subjects of the King of Taiti." "Such a disposition is self-explanatory ; the sole manner of escaping "the result is emigration or the acquisition of a foreign nationality; "they are no longer subjects of the king of Taiti" (Glard, Nationalite Frangaise, p. 408). See also other illustrations mentioned in Argument for Plaintiffs in Error De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U. S. 76-78, 21 Sup. Ct. 743, 45 L. Ed. 1041. We have thus seen that subjection is dependent upon allegiance, but 'that the civil and political rights of subjects may vary from those of the subjects who have full political rights (active citizens) to those who have limited civil rights (mere subjects). In our law and that of civilized States generally, ex- cept in cases of dependencies inhabited by semi or uncivilized people there are but two classes of subjects or citizens, namely, active citizens, that is to say those possessing political rights (burghers), and passive citizens, that is to say, those possessing full civil but no political rights, such as minors, women and incompetents. It is only, as the historic illustrations cited have shown, when civilized nations come into contact with people of a lower order of civilization that there is any disposition to refuse to subjects the ordinary civil rights. In Europe and America even aliens possess almost, if not quite, all of the civil rights belonging to citizens, such as the right to possess property, to have recourse to the courts, etc. It is for this reason that it has been difficult for us to apprehend that natural- ization did not necessarily comport naturalization and that persons might cease to be foreigners or aliens without becoming citizens. We have seen that under our law the civil rights of citizenship in a broad sense, which would not also be possessed by any subjects or nationals of the United States, would be very few — the right to sue in the Federal Courts would be almost the only one be- longing to passive citizens as distinguished from mere subjects. The fact that a national was deprived of these rights would not convert him into an alien and he would not be governed by the laws relating to alienage, VI. Conclusion. There are three possible courses which this court may adopt: 1. It may affirm the decision below and declare native islanders, born before the cession, aliens. 2. It may hold that the cession by transferring the allegiance of the natives made them United States subjects or nationals and that as such they are not 22 Specimen Brief on Appeal. (Ch. 1 under the statutory disabilities of alienage and cannot be deported under the Immigration law. 3. The Court may take the view that the cession of the Islands accomplished the naturalization of the native people and that they became passive citizens of the United States entitled to all civil rights of such. See argument of undersigned counsel, De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U. S. 3, 21 Sup. Ct. 743, 45 L. Ed. 1041. It seems to us quite obvious that the choice will be between the last two. It would be impossible to affirm the judgment of the Court below without lead- ing to an absurd and unnecessary result. Plain terms would cease to have any meaning and we would consider aliens persons who owed us their sole al- legiance and to whom we owed our protection. Such a result is too palpably defiant of the laws of thought and language, is altogether anomalous and we must respectfully submit is clearly impossible. The Court might, however, adopting the suggestion of the Circuit Judge that the treaty expressly refrained from naturalizing the native population, hold that they were not citizens, and as such not possessed of any civil rights, but that they had become American nationals or subjects and were therefore, not within the purview of statutes aimed at aliens. This result could be supported by the precedent of the free Negro and the detached Indian, Dred Scott v. Sanford, and Blk v. Wilkins, infra, and was the view taken by the Attorney-General of the United States at the time of the argument of the Insular Cases. While it has some logical force and may be supported by the two precedents referred to as well as by the prec- edents adduced from the history of foreign nations, such as that of Algeria, it seems to us nevertheless to be a narrow view. The third view would seem to be more compatible with sound political sci- ence, as well as more in accord with the spirit of our Constitution, and the ju- risprudence of this Court. While it may be said that the treaty reserved to Congress the right to pass upon the civil rights of the native inhabitants, the treaty could not change facts. It had accomplished the cession and the re- sults naturally and necessarily following from cession cannot be avoided. It could not have made the country a foreign country by stating that it should remain foreign although ceded to the United States and subject to its plenary jurisdiction. Even the treaty-making power and Congress together cannot change facts by violating the laws of language. It therefore seems to us that the cession of the territory, its becoming do- mestic territory (De Lima v. Bidwell), with the transfer of the allegiance of its inhabitants, naturalized the natives in the sense that they becaine passive citizens of the United States, entitled to all the rights, privileges and immunities of such. Boyd V. Thayer, 143 U. S. 162, 12 Sup. Ct. 382, 36 L. Ed. 103. Unless we adopt this course we are forced to have recourse to the two prec- edents in our history of which we are least proud, and to introduce for the third time into our system a class of persons whom it has always been our object to be free from. The XlVth Amendment, annulling the result of the Dred Scott Case, the Act of Congress doing away with the result reached in Elk v. Wilkins Ch. 1) Specimen Brief on Appeal. 23 would go for naught, and we would again be confronted by a situation in whicll citizenship and subjection were not identical. The two precedents above adverted to give us no encouragement to attempt for the third time a repetition of that peculiar, and, from the standpoint of American civilization, most anomalous result. All of which is respectfully submitted. Dated, New York, November 30, 1903. FREDERIC R. COUDERT, Jr., PAUL FULLER, CHARLES E. LE BARBIER. Counsel. CHAPTER 2. LIST OF AMERICAN REPORTS. Following is a list of American reports, federal and state, show- ing the manner of designating the different volumes and the place where the National Reporter System connects with the different series : FEDERAL REPORTS. UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. Vols. How Cited. Date. Dallas 4. . . .Dall. (or 1-4 U. S.) 1789-1800 Cranch 9. . . .Cranch (or 5-13 U. S.). . . .1801-1815 A\Tieaton 12. . . . Wheat, (or 14-25 U. S.) . . 1816-1827 Peters 16.... Pet. (or 36^1 U. S.). . . .1828-1842 Howard 24. . . . How. (or 42-65 U. S.). . . .1843-1860 Black 2. . . . Black (or 66-67 U. S.). . . .1861-1862 Wallace 23. . . . Wall, (or 68-90 U. S.). . . .1863-1874 From 1875 the volumes of the United States Reports are designated by number, beginning with volume 91, 92, 93, etc., to date. Volume 211 United States Reports was published in 1909. The Supreme Court Reporter commences with the cases in volume 106 Unit- ed States Reports (October, 1882), and reports all subsequent cases. Volume 30 was the last volume published on going to press. Collateral Reports. Vols. Date. Curtis' Decisions 32 1790-1854 Miller's Decisions 4 1854-1862 Lawyers' Edition 51 17!»0-1910 The Lawyers' Edition is a continuing series. CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS. The Circuit Courts of Appeals Reports (C. C. A.) cover all cases in the United States Circuit Courts of Appeals from their establishment in 18S1 down to the present time. The volumes are numbered consecutively. Volume 100 was the last volume jjublished on going to press. The Federal Reporter, beginning with volume 47, contains all the cases re- ported in the C. C. A. from the beginning to the present time. Pbact.Man. (24) Ch.2) Federal Reports. 25 CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT COURTS. Vols. How Cited. Date. Federal Cases 31.... Fed. Gas 1789-1879 Federal Reporter — Fed 1880 The Federal Reporter connects with the Federal Cases and reports all de- cisions since 1880. Volume 179 was the last volume published on going to press. Collateral Reports. ^ ^ Vols. Date. Meyers' Federal Decisions 30 1790-185"3 COURT OF CLAIMS. Vols. Date. Devereux 1 1855-1856 The Court of Claims Reports began in 1863 and are designated by number. Volume 44 is the last volume published on going to press. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION. The Interstate Commerce Reports began in 1887 and 16 volumes have been issued up to the time of going to press. 26 List of American Reports. (Ch. 2 STATE REPORTS. ALABAMA. Vols. How Cited. Date. Minor 1. . . .Minor 1830-1826 Stewart 3. . . . Stew 1827-1831 Stewart and Porter 5 Stew. & P 1831-1834 Porter 9. . . . Port 1834-1839 From 1839 the volumes of the Alabama Reports are numbered consecutively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 161 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 81 Alabama (December, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases. ALASKA. There have been three volumes of the Alaska Reports published to date, cov- ering the decisions of the District Courts of Alaska from May 17, 1884, to December 31, 1909. ARIZONA. The Arizona Reports date from 1866, and from the beginning the volumes have been numbered consecutively. Volume 10 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter contains all the Arizona cases from 1871 to the pres- ent time. ARKANSAS. The Arkansas Reports date from 1837, and from the beginning the volumes have been numbered consecutively.^ Volume 91 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 47 Arkan- sas (November, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. CALIFORNIA. The California Reports date from 1850, and from the beginning the vol- umes have been numbered consecutively. Volume 156 was the last volume published on going to press. The California Appellate Reports began in 1905 and continue to the pres- ent time, the volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 11 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 64 California (July, 1883), and volume 1 California Appellate Reports (May, 1905), reporting all subsequent cases of both courts. 1 Vols. 1 to 5 Ark. are sometimes cited as 1-.5 Pike; and vols. 6 to IL! Ark. are often cited as 1-8 Eng., the reporter's name being English. Ch. 2), State Reports. 27 COLORADO. The Colorado Supreme Reports date from 1864, and continue to the present time, the volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 6 was the last vol- ume published on going to press. The Colorado Appeals Reports date from 1891 and continue to 1905, when the court was abolished. Volume 20 was the last volume published, the volumes being designated "by number. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 7 Colorado Re- ports (December, 1883) and volume 1 Colorado Appeals Reports (June, 1891), and reports all subsequent decisions of both courts. CONNECTICUT. Vols. How Cited. Date. Kirby 1. . . .Kirby 1785-1788 Root 2 Root 1789-1798 Day 5 Day 1803-1813 From 1813 the volumes of the Connecticut Reports are numbered con- secutively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 82 was the last volume published on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 53 Connecticut (May, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. A few cases from volume 52 Connecticut are also reported in the Atlantic Reporter. DAKOTA. The Dakota Reports date from 1867 and continue to 1889, when the Terri- tory was changed into the States of North Dakota and South Dakota. The volumes are designated by number, 1-6 Dakota. The Northwestern Reporter contains all Dakota decisions from 1867 to 1889, and all the decisions of the Supreme Courts of North and South Dakota from their organization to date. DELAWARE. Vols. How Cited. Date. Harrington 5 Houston 9 Marvel 2 Pennewill — Houston's Criminal Reports 1 Delaware Chancery Reports — , .Har. (Del.) 1832-1855 .Houst 1855-1892 .Marv 1893-1897 .Pennewill 1897- .Houst. Cr 1856-1879 . Del. Ch 1814 ■ Volume 6 Pennewill and volume 8 Delaware Chancery are the latest vol- umes published up to the time of going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 7 Houston (July, 1886), and 6 Delaware Chancery (July, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases to date. The cases in both volumes of Marvel and all volumes of Pennewill are also reported in the Atlantic Reporter. 28 List of Ainerican Reports. (Ch- 2 STATE REPORTS— Continued. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Vols. Date. Crancli (D. C. 1-5) 5- ■ • .1801-1840 Hayward & Hazleton -' ■ • • .184a-i863 District of Columbia Reports (D. C. C-v) ^ • • • • 1863-1872 McArthur (D. C. 8-10) '■'>■■ . .1873-1879 McArthur and Mackey (D. C. 11) 1- • . .1379-1880 Mackey (D. C. 12-21) !"• • • -1880-1893 Appeal Cases (App. D. C. 1— ) — • • • -1893 The District of Columbia Reports date from 1801. To 1893 the volumes are designated by the names of the court reporters and also by number, with the exception of Hayward and Hazleton's Reports (1840-1863), which are des- ignated by the names of the reports only. With volume 21 (1893) the reports of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia cease, the appellate jurisdic- tion theretofore held by that court being transferred to a new court, styled the "Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia," whose decisions are reported under the caption, "Appeal Cases, District of Columbia," cited "ApP- D- C." There are 33 volumes of this series to date, volume 1 joining on to volume 21 District of Columbia Reports. FLORIDA. The Florida Reports date from 1846, all the volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 57 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 23 Florida (January, 1887), and reports all subsequent cases. GEORGIA. Vols. How Cited. Date. Charlton (T. U. P.) 1. . . .T. U. P. Charlt 1805-1810 Charlton (R. M.) 1. . . . R. M. Charlt 1811-1837 Dudley 1. . . .Dud. (Ga.) 1821-1833 Georgia Decisions 1 Ga. Dec 1842-1843 From 1846 the volumes of the Georgia Reports are numbered consecutively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 133 was the last volume pub- lished on going to press. The Georgia Appeals Reports date from 1907, the volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 6 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 79 Georgia (January, 1887) and Volume 1 Georgia Appeals Reports (January, 1907), and reports all subsequent cases of both courts. Volumes 77 and 78 Georgia are partially covered by the Southeastern Reporter. HAWAII. The Hawaiian Reports date from 1847, and from the beginning the vol- umes have been numbered consecutively. Volume 18 was the last volume published on going to press. Ch. 2) State Reports. 29 IDAHO. The Idaho Reports date from 1866, all the volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 17 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 2 Idaho (Septem- ber, 1881), and reports all subsequent cases. ILLINOIS. Vols. How Cited. Date. Breese (1 111.) 1. . . .Breese 1819-1831 Scammon (2-5 111.) 4 Scam 1833-1843 Oilman (6-10 111.) 5. . . .Gilm 1844-1849 To 1849 the volumes of the Illinois Reports are designated by number and by the names of the court reporters. From 1849 the volumes are designated by number only, beginning volume 11, 13, etc., to date. Volume 344 was the last volume published on going to press. The Northeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 114 Il- linois (May, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. The Illinois Appeals Reports date from 1877, and are numbered consecutive- ly, volume 148 being the last volume published on going to press. INDIANA. Vols. How Cited. Date. Blackford 8 Blackf 1830-1847 From 1847 the volumes of the Indiana Reports are numbered consecutively, beginning volume 1, 3, 3, etc., to date. The Indiana Appellate Reports date from 1890 and continue to the present time, all the volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 171 Indiana and volume 43 Indiana Appeals were the last volumes published on going to press. The Northeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 103 Indiana (March, 1885) and volume 1 Indiana Appellate Reports (March, 1891), report- ing all subsequent cases of both courts. INDIAN TERRITORY. The Indian Territory Reports date from 1896, and continue until 1907 when the Territory became part of the state of Oklahoma. There are 7 volumes, all of which are numbered consecutively. The Southwestern Reporter contains all the cases reported in the Indian Territory Reports from the beginning. IOWA. Vols. How Cited. Date. Morris 1 Morris 1839-1846 Greene 4 G. Greene 1847-1854 From 1864 the volumes of Iowa Reports are numbered consecutively, be- ginning volume 1, 3, 3, etc., to date. Volume 143 was the last volume published on going to press. The Northwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 51 Iowa (December, 1878), and reports all subsequent cases. 30 List of American Reports. X^h. 2 STATE REPORTS— Continued. KANSAS. The Kansas Reports date from 1863, all the volumes numbered consecutively. The Kansas Appellate Reports date from 1895, and continue to 1901, when the court was discontinued, 10 volumes being published. Volume 81 Kansas was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 30 Kansas (May, 1883), and volume 1 Kansas Appellate Reports (1895), reporting all subsequent cases of both courts. KENTUCKY. Vols. How Cited. Date. Hughes 1. . . .Hughes (Ky.) 1785-1801 Kentucky Decisions (Sneed) 1 . . . . Ky. Dec 1801-1805 Hardin 1. . . .Hardin 1805-1808 Bibb 4. . . . Bibb 1808-1817 Marshall (A. K.) :l. . . . A. K. Marsh 1817-1821 Littell 3 Litt 1832-1824 Littell's Select Cases 1 . . . . Litt. Sel. Cas 1795-1821 Monroe (T. B.) 7 T. B. Mon 1834-1828 Marshall (J. J.) 7. . . . J. J. Marsh 1829-1832 Dana 9 Dana 1833-1840 Monroe (Ben.) 18. . . .B. Mon 1840-1857 Metcalfe 4. . . . Mete. (Ky.) 1858-1863 Duvall 2 Duv 1863-1866 Bush 14. . . . Bush 1866-1879 From 1879 the volumes of the Kentucky Reports are numbered consecutively, beginning volume 78, 79, 80, etc., to date. Volume 134 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 85 Ken- tucky (June, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases. LOUISIANA. Vols. How Cited. Date. Martin 12 Mart 1809-1823 Alartin (New Series) 8 Mart. (N. S.) 1823-1830 Louisiana Reports 19 La 1830-1841 Robinson 13 Rob 1841-1846 Louisiana Annual Reports 52. . . . La. Ann 1846-1900 Louisiana Annual Reports (National Reporter System Edition) 4 (Vols. 49-53) 1897-1900 From 1900 the volumes of the Louisiana Reports are numbered consecutive- ly, beginning volume 104, 105, etc., to date. From 1900 to 1903 two editions of these Reports were published. One series was entitled the Louisiana Re- ports, and the other the Louisiana Reports, National Reporter System Edition. In 1903, beginning with volume 109, the Louisiana Reports, National Reporter System Edition, became the "official" and only edition published. Volume 125 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 39 Louisiana An- nual (January, 1887), and reports all subsequent cases to date. Ch.2) State Reports. 31 MAINE. Vols. How Cited. Date. Oreenleaf (Maine, 1-9) 9....Greenl 1820-1832 Fairfield (Maine, 10-12) 3. . . .Fairf 1833-1835 From 1835 the volumes of the Maine Reports are numbered consecutively beginning volume 13, 14, 15, etc., to date. Volume 105 was the last volume pub- lished on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 78 Maine (Au- gust, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. MARYLAND. Law. Vols. How Cited. Date. Harris and McHenry : 4. . , ,Har. & McH 1658-1799 Harris and Johnson 7 Har. & J 1800-1826 Harris and Gill 2. . . .Har. & G 1826-1829 Gill and Johnson 12. . . .Gill & J 1829-1842 Gill 9. ...Gill 1843-1851 Chancery. Vols. How Cited. Date. Bland's Chancery Reports 3 Bland 1811-1832 Maryland Chancery Reports 4 Md. Ch 1847-1854 From 1851 the volumes of the Maryland Law Reports are numbered con- secutively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 111 was the last volume published on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 64 Maryland (June, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. MASSACHUSETTS. Vols. How Cited. Date. Massachusetts Reports (1-17) 17 Mass 1804r-1822 Pickering 24 Pick, (or 18-41 Mass.) 1822-1839 Metcalf 13 Met. or Mete, (or 42-54 Mass.) 1840-1847 Gushing 12 Cush. (or 55-66 Mass.) 1848-1853 Gray 16 Gray (or 67-82 Mass.) 1854-1860 Allen 14 Allen (or 83-96 Mass.) 1861-1867 Quincy's Reports 1 . . .,. Quincy 1762-1772 Thacher's Criminal Cases 1 ] 823-1842 Cushing's Contested Election Cases . 1 1780-1852 From 1867 the volumes of the Massachusetts Reports are numbered con- secutively, beginning volume 97, 98, etc., to date. Volume 204 was the last volume published on going to press. The Northeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 139 Massa- chusetts (November, 1884), and reports all subsequent cases. 32 List of American Reports. (Ch. 2 STATE REPORTS— Continued. MICHIGAN, Vols. How Cited. Date. Harrington's Chancery 1 Har. (Mich.) 1836-1843 Walker's Chancery 1. . . .Walk. (Mich.) 1842-1845 Douglass 3 . . . . Doug. (Mich.) 184-3-1847 Brown's Nisi Prius 2 1869-1871 Howell's Nisi Prius 1 1868 From 1847 the volumes of the Michigan Reports are numbered consecutively, beginning volume 1, 3, 3, etc., to date. Volume 159 was the last volume pub- lished on going to press. The Northwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 41 Mich- igan (June, 1879), and reports all subsequent cases. MINNESOTA. The Minnesota Reports date from 1851, all the volumes numbered con- secutively. Volume 109 was the last volume published on going to press. The Northwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 36 Minne- sota (March, 1879), and reports all subsequent cases. MISSISSIPPI. Law. Vols. How Cited. Date. Walker (Miss. 1) 1 Walk. (Miss.) 1820-1832 Howard (Miss. 2-8) 7 How. (Miss.) 1834-1843 Smedes and Marshall (Miss. 9-33). .14 Smedes & M 1843-1850 Chancery. Vols. Date. Freeman's Chancery 1 . . . . 1839-1843 Smedes and Marshall's Chancery 1 . . . . 1840-1843 From 1850 the volumes of the Mississippi Reports are numbered consecutively, beginning volume 23, 24, etc., to date. Volume 93 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 64 Mississippi (October, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases. MISSOURI. The Missouri Reports date from 1821, all volumes being numbered con- secutively. The Missouri Appeals Reports date fi-om 1876, all volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 324 Missouri and volume 140 Missouri Appeals were the last vol- umes published on going to press. The Southwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 89 Mis- souri Reports (1886) and volume 94 Missouri Appeals Reports (1902), and re- ports all subsequent cases of both courts. Volume 93 Missouri Appeals is partially covered by the Southwestern Reporter. Ch. 2) State Reports. 33 MONTANA. The Montana Reports date from 1868, all volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 40 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 4 Montana (Jan- uary, 1881), and reports all subsequent cases. NEBRASKA. The Nebraska Reports date from 1854, all volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 85 was the last volume published on going to press. The Northwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 9 Nebraska (January, 1879), and reports all subsequent cases. The decisions of the Supreme Court Commission of Nebraska were pub- lished in the Nebraska Reports Unofficial; the volumes being numbered con- secutively. The Commission was created in 1901, and continued until 1905, when it was abolished, 5 volumes of reports being published. These decisions are also reported in the Northwestern Reporter. NEVADA. The Nevada Reports date from 1865, all volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 30 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 17 Nevada (Jan- uary, 1883), and reports all subsequent cases. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Vols. How Cited. Date. Smith 1.... Smith (N. H.) 1803-1816 New Hampshire Reports (N. H. 1- 20) 20 N. H 1816-1850 Foster (N. H. 21-31) 11 Fost 1850-1855 From 1855 the volumes of the New Hampshire Reports are numbered con- secutively, beginning volume 33, 33, etc., to date. Volume 74 was the last vol- ume published on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 64 New Hamp- shire (March, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases. Volume 63 New Hamp- shire is partially covered by the Atlantic Reporter. NEW JERSEY. Law. Vols. How Cited. Date. Coxe 1 Coxe (or 1 N. J. Law) 1790-1795 Pennington 2 Pen. (or 3, 3 N. J. Law) 1806-1813 Southard 2 South, (or -i, 5 N. J. Law) 1816-1820 Halsted 7. . . .Halst. (or 6-12 N. J. Law) ri796-1804 \l821-1831 Green 3 Green (or 13-15 N. J. Law) 1831-1836 Harrison 4 Har. (N. J.) (or 16-19 N. J. Law) . . 1837-1842 Spencer 1 Spen. (or 20 N. J. Law) 1842-1846 Zabriskie 4 Zab. (or 21-24 N. J. Law) 1847-1855 Dutcher 5 Dutch, (or 25-39 N. J. Law) 1855-1862 Vroom — Vroom (or 30 N. J. Law) 1863 Pbact.Man.— 3 34 List of American Reports. (Ch. 2 STATE EEPOETS— Continued. NEW JERSEY— Continued. Chancery. Vols. How Cited. Date. Saxton l....Sax. (or 1 N. J. Eq.) 1830-1832 Green 3. . . .Green Ch. (or 2-4 N. J. Eq.) 1834-1845 Halsted 4. . . .Halst. Ch. (or 5-8 N. J. Eq.) 1845-1853 Stockton 3....Stockt. (or 9-11 N. J. Eq.) 1852-1858 Beasley 2. ...Beas. (or 12, 13 N. J. Eq.) 1858-1860 McCarter 2 . . . . McCar. (or 14, 15 N. J. Eq.) 1861-1862 Green C. E 12 .... C. E. Green (or 16-27 N. J. Eq.) . . 1862-1876 Stewart 18 ... . Stew. (N. J.) (or 28-45 N. J. Eq.) . . 1877-1889 Dickinson 21 Dick, (or 46-66 N. J. Eq.) 1889-1905 Robbins 4. . . .Robb. (or 67-70 N. J. Eq.) 1905-1907 Buchanan — Buch. (or 71 N. J. Eq.) 1908 The volumes of the New Jersey Law and the New Jersey Equity Reports are designated from the beginning by number and by the names of the court reporters. Volume 48 Vroom (77 New Jersey Law) and volume 4 Buchanan (74 New Jersey Equity) were the last volumes published on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 48 New Jersey Law (November, 1885) and volume 41 New Jersey Equity (October, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases in both series. Volumes 40 New Jersey Equity and 47 New Jersey Law are partially covered by the Atlantic Reporter. NEW MEXICO. The New Mexico Reports date from 1852, all volumes numbered con- secutively. Volume 14 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 3 New Mexico (March, 1883), and reports all subsequent cases. NEW YORK. La^v. Vols. How Cited. Date. Coleman's Cases 1 Col. Cas 1794-1800 Coleman & Caine's Cases 1 Col. & Cai. Cas 1794-180.i Johnson's Cases 3 Johns. Cas 1799-1803 Caine 3 Cai 1803-1805 Caine's Cases 2.... Cai. Cas 1796-1805 Johnson 20 Johns 1806-182:) Anthon's Nisi Prius Cases 1 Anth. N. P 1807-1851 Yates' Select Cases 1 . . . . Yates SeL Cas 1811 Cowen 9 Cow 1823-1829 Wendell 26 Wend 1828-1841 Hill 7. . . .Hill 1841-1844 Denio 5 . . . . Denio 1845-1848 Lalor's Supplement to Hill and Denio 1 . . . .I^lor 1842-1844 Edmond's Select Cases 3 . . . . Edm. Sel. Cas 1834-1883 Lockwood's Reversed Cases 1 . . . . Lock. Rev. Cas 1799-1847 Ch.2), State Reports. 35 NEW YORK— Continued. Chancery. Vols. How Cited. Date. Johnson 7.... Johns. Ch 1814-1823 Hopkins 1. . . .Hopk. Ch 1833-1826 Paige 11. . . .Paige 1828-1845 Edwards 4. . . .Edw. Ch 1831-1850 Hoffman 1. . . .Hofif. Cli 1839-1840 Clarke 1. . . .Clarke 1839-1841 Sandford 4. . . .Sandf. Ch 1843-1847 Barbour 3. . . .Barb. Ch 1845-1848 Court of Appeals (Regular). Vols. How Cited. Date. Comstock 4 Comst. (or 1-4 N. Y.) 1847-1851 Selden 6. . . .Seld. (or 5-10 N. Y.) 1851-1854 Kernan 4. ;. .Kern, (or 11-14 N. Y.). . . .1854-1856 The volumes of the New York Court of Appeals Reports are designated both by the names of the court reporters and by number to 1856. From 1856 (vol- ume 15) to date by number only. Volume 198 was the last volume published on going to press. The Northeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 99 New York (April, 1885), and reports all subsequent decisions of the New York Court of Appeals. Court of Appeals (Special). (Containing Cases Unreported in Regular Series.) Vols. How Cited. Date. Howard's Appeal Cases 1 How. Cas. ' 1847-1848 Keyes 4 Keyes 1863-1868 Abbott 4 Abb. Dec 1850-1869 Selden's Notes 1 1852-1854 Transcript Appeals 7 1867-1868 Silvernail 4 1886-1893 Lower Courts of Record. » Supreme Conrt Reports. Vols. How Cited. Date. Barbour 67 Barb 1847-1877 Lansing t Lans 1869-1873 Thompson & Cook 6 Thomp. & C 1874-1875 Hun 92. . . .Hun 1874-1895 Silvernail 5 Silv 1889-1890 Appellate Division — \pp. Div 1896 Volume 135 Appellate Division was the last volume published on going to press. 36 List of American Reports. (Ch. 2 STATE EEPOETS-^Continued. NEW YORK— Continued. Lower Courts of Record — Continued. Practice and Code Reports. Vols. How Cited. Date. Howard's Practice 67. . . .How. Pr 1844-1885 Howard's Practice (N. S.) 3. . . .How. Pr. N. S 1883-1886 Code Reporter 3. . . .Code Repr 1848-1851 Code Reports (N. S.) 1. . . .Code Rep. N. S 1850-1852 Abbott's Practice. 19. . . .Abb. Pr 1854^1865 Abbott's Practice (N. S.) 16. . . .Abb. Pr. N. S 1865-1875 Abbott's New Cases 31. . . .Abb. N. C 1876-1894 New York City Court Reports 2. . . . N. Y. City Ct. Rep 1874^1888 New York Civil Procedure 39. . . . N. Y. Civ. Proc. R 1881-1909 New York Civil Procedure (N. S.)— . . . .N.Y. Civ. Proc. R. (N.S.) . .1909 — New York Miscellaneous — . . . .Misc 1892 • Benjamin's Annot. Cases — . . . . Benj. Ann. Cas 1894 The New York Civil Procedure Reports ceased publication with volume 39, and were succeeded by the New York Civil Procedure Reports (New Se- ries), of which one volume has been issued to date. Volume 65 New York Mis- cellaneous and volume 19 Benjamin's Annotated Cases were the last volumes pub- lished on going to press. Surrogate Court Reports. Vols. How Cited. Date. Bradford 4 Bradf 1849-1857 Redfield 5 Redf 1857-1882 Tucker 1 Tuck 1864-1869 Demarest 6 Dem 1882-1888 Connoly 2 1888-1891 Powers 1 1891-1894 Gibbons — 1894 Volume 2 Gibbons was published in 1908. Superior Court Reports. Vols. How Cited. Date. Hall 2. . . . Hall (or 1-2 N. Y. Super. Ct.) 1828-1829 Sandford 5. . . . Sandf. (or 3-7 N. Y. Super. Ct.) 1847-1852 Duer 6 Duer (or 8-13 N. Y. Super. Ct.) 1852-1857 Bosworth 10 Bosw. (or 14-23 N. Y. Super. Ct.) 1856-1863 Robertson 7 Rob. (or 24-30 N. Y. Super. Ct.) 1863-1868 Sweeney 2. . . .Sweeney (or 31-32 N. Y. Super. Ct.). .1869-1870 Jones & Spencer 29 Jones & S. (or 33-61 N. Y. Super. Ct.). .1871-1892 Buffalo Superior Court, Sheldon's Reports. . 1 1854-1875 Ch. 2) State Reports. 37 NEW YORK— Continued. Lower Courts of Record — Continued. Common Pleas Reports. Vols. How Cited. Date. Smith (E. D.) 4. . . . E. D. Smith 1850-1854 Hilton 2. . . . Hilt 1855-1860 Daly 16. . . . Daly 1859-1891 Criminal Reports. ,r i t\ *. ^ Vols. Date. Wheeler's Criminal Cases 3. . . .1791-1825 Rogers' City Hall Recorder 6. . . .1816-1832 Parker's Criminal 6. . . .1823-1868 Cowen's Criminal 2. . . .1868-1883 New York Criminal — . . . .1883 Volume 23 New York Criminal Reports was the last volume published on going to press. The New York Supplement (a supplemental member of the National Re- porter System) was established in 1888, and reports the decisions of all the lower courts of record of New York. It commences with the cases in the Supreme Court Reports at volume 49 Hun, volume 1 Silvernail, and volume 1 Hun's Appellate Division; with the Practice and Code Reports at volume 23 Abbott's New Cases, volume 16 New York Civil Procedure Reports, volume 1 New York Miscellaneous Reports and volume 1 New York (Benjamin's) An- notated Cases; with the Surrogate Court Reports at volume 1 Connoly and vol- ume 1 Gibbons; with the Superior Court Reports at volume 56 (24 Jones and Spencer); with the Common Pleas Reports at volume 15 Daly; and with the New York Criminal Reports at volume 7. One hundred and twenty-three vol- umes of the New York Supplement have been published on going to press, and the earlier volumes contain many cases reported in full, which appear in Hun's Reports as memoranda only, without the text of the opinions. The New York State Reporter was established in 1886, and covered, in ad- dition to the decisions of the courts reported in the New York Supplement, the New York Court of Appeals Reports. It was discontinued in 1897. NORTH CAROLINA. Vols. Formerly Cited. Now Cited. Date. Martin 3. . . . Mart. (N. C.) 1 N. C 1778-1797 Taylor l....Tayl. (N. C.) 1 N. C 1798-1802 Conference by Cam- eron & Norwood. . 1 N. C. Conf IN. C 1800-1804 Haywood 2. . . .Hayw. (N. C.) 3, 3 N. C 1789-1806 Carolina Law Repos- itory 3.... Car. L. R 4 N. C 1813-1816 North Carolina Term Reports 1. . . . N. C. Term Rep. . . .4 N. C 1816-1818 Murphey 3 . . . . Murph 5-7 N. C 1804-1819 Hawks 4 Hawks 8-11 N. C 1820-1826 Devereux's Law 4 Dev. Law 12-15 N. C 1836-1834 38 List of American Reports. iCh. 2 STATE EEPOETS— Continued. NORTH CAROLINA— Continued. Vols. Formerly Cited. Now Cited. Date. Devereux's Equity.... 2....Dev. Eq 16, 17 N. C 1836-1834 Devereux & Battle's Law^ 4 Dev. & Bat. Law 18-30 N. C 1834-1839 Devereux & Battle's Equity 3.... Dev. & Bat. Eq 31,33 N. C 1834-1839 Iredell's Law 13. . . . Ired. Law 33-35 N. C 1840-1853 Iredell's Equity 8. . . . Ired. Eq 36-43 N. C 1840-1853 Busbee's Law 1. . . . Busb. Law 44 N. C 1853-1853 Busbee's Eq 1. . . . Busb. Eq 45 N. C 1853-1853 Jones' Law 8. . . Jones' Law 46-53 N. C 1853-1863 Jones' Eq 6.... Jones' Eq 54-59 N. C 1853-1863 Winston 3. . . . Winst 60 N. C 1863-1864 Phillip's Law l....Phil. Law 61 N. C 1866-1868 Phillip's Eq 1. . . .Phil. Eq 63 N. C 1866-1868 Up to 1906, the reports listed above were cited by the Reporter's name and volume number, but in June, 1906, the Supreme Court of North Carolina adopted a rule requiring counsel in the future to cite these reports by the consecutive volume number of the series, i. e., the report formerly known as "1 Jones' Law" should now be cited as "46 N. C." In conformity with this rule, this later mode of citation is now followed in the North Carolina Reports, the National Re- porter System, and other current reports. From 1868 the volumes of the North Carolina Reports are numbered con- secutively, beginning volume 63, 64, etc., to date. Volume 151 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 96 North Carolina (January, 1887), and reports all subsequent cases. NORTH DAKOTA. The North Dakota Reports date from 1889, all the volumes being numbered consecutively. (See Dakota.) Volume 17 North Dakota was the last volume published on going to press. The Northwestern Reporter contains all the North Dakota decisions from the beginning to the present time. OHIO. From 1831 to 1851 the decisions of the Supreme Court of Ohio are reported in a series known as the Ohio Reports, the volumes being numbered consecutively from 1 to 30. From 1851 the Ohio Supreme Court decisions have been published under the title of the Ohio State Reports, the volumes being designated by number, beginning volume 1, 3, 3, etc., to date. Volume 81 is the last volume published on going to press. The Northeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 43 Ohio State (February, 1885) and reports all subsequent cases. iVols. 3 & 4 Dev. & Bat. Law are contained in vol. 20 N. C. Ch. 2) State Reports. 39 OHIO— Continued. Miscellaneous Ohio Reports. Vols. How Cited. Date. Tappan (Common Pleas) l....Tapp 1816-1819 Wright (Supreme Court) 1. . . .Wright 1831-1834 Handy (Cin. Super. Ct.) 3. . . .Handy 1854-1856 Disney (Cin. Super. Ct.) 2 Disn : 1854-1859 Cincinnati Superior Court 2 Cin. Super. Ct 1870-1873 Ohio Decisions Reprint 13 Ohio Dec 1843-1897 Ohio Decisions (Superior and Common Pleas) 17 Ohio S. & C. P. Dec 1883 Ohio Nisi Prius 14 Ohio N. P 1883 Ohio Nisi Prius (New Series) 8. . . . Ohio N. P. (N. S.) 1903 Ohio Circuit Decisions 20 Ohio Cir. Dec 1885 Ohio Circuit Court Reports 30 Ohio Cir. Ct. R 1885 Ohio Circuit Court Reports (New Series) 12. . . . Ohio Cir. Ct. (N. S.) 1903- OKLAHOMA. The Oklahoma Reports date from 1890, all volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 22 was the last volume published on going to press. The Oklahoma Criminal Reports, containing criminal cases determined in the Supreme Court and in the Criminal Court of Appeals, began in 1909 and con- tinue to the present time, there being 2 volumes published up to the time of going to press. The Pacific Reporter contains all Oklahoma decisions in both the Supreme Court and Criminal Court of Appeals, from the beginning to the present time. OREGON. The Oregon Reports date from 1853, all volumes being numbered consecu- tively. Volume 53 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 11 Oregon (1883), and reports all subsequent cases. PENNSYLVANIA. Vols. How Cited. Date. Dallas 4. . . . Dall 1754-1806 Addison l....Add. (Pa.) 1791-1799 Yeates 4 Yeates 1791-1808 Binn€y 6 Binn 1799-1814 Sergeant & Rawle 17. . . . Serg. & R 1814^1828 Rawle 5 Rawle 1828-1835 Penrose & Watts 3. . . .Pen. & W 1829-1832 Watts 10 Watts 1832-1840 Wharton 6 . . . . Whart 1835-1841 Watts & Sergeant 9. . . . Watts & S 1841-1845 From 1844-45 the decisions of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania have been published under the title of the Pennsylvania State Reports, the volumes 40 List of American Reports. (Ch. 2 STATE EErORTS— Continued. PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. being numbered consecutively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 235 was the last volume published on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 110 Pennsylvania State (May, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. Volume 109 Pennsylvania is partially covered by the Atlantic Reporter. The Pennsylvania Superior Court Reports date from 1895, and the volumes are numbered consecutively, the last volume issued on going to press being vol- ume 39. Miscellaneous Pennsylvania Reports. Vols. Ashmead 2. . . Brewster 4 . . , Brightly 1 . . . Browne 2. . . Clarke 5... Grant's Cases 3 . . , Kulp 11 . . , Miles 2. .. Monaghan 2 . . . Parsons' Equity Cases 2 . . . Pearson 2. . . Pennypacker 4 . . . Pennsylvania County Court Reports 36 . . . Pennsylvania District Court Re- ports 16. . , Pennsylvania Superior Court Re- ports 39. .. Philadelphia Reports 20 . . . Pittsburgh Reports 3 . . . Walker Supreme Court Cases 4 . . . Wilcox 1 . . . Woodward's Decisions 2 . How Cited. Date. . Ashm 1808-1841 . Brewst 1856-1873 .Brightly 1809-1851 . Browne 1801-1814 . Clarke 1842-1865 . Grant's Cas 1852-1863 .Kulp 1882-1901 . Miles 1835-1841 . Monag 1888-1891 . Pars. Eq. Cas 1841-1851 . Pears 1850-1880 . Penny 1881-1884 .Pa. Co. Ct. R 1885 .Pa. Dist. R 1892-1907 . Pa. Super. R 1895 . Phila 1850-1893 .Pittsb 1853-1873 . Walk 1889-1901 . Wilcox 1888-1889 . Woodw. Dec 1861-1874 PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The Philippine Reports date from 1901, the volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 13 was the last volume issued on going to press. PORTO RICO. The Porto Rico Federal Reports date from 1905, volume 4 being the last volume issued on going to press. The Porto Rico Supreme Court Reports date from 1907, volume 3 being the last volume issued on going to press. RHODE ISLAND. The Rhode Island Reports date from 1828, all volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 29 was the last volume published on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 15 Rhode Is- land (April, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. Ch. 2) State Reports. 41 SOUTH CAROLINA. Law. Vols. How Cited. Date. Bay 2. ... Bay 1783-1804 Brevard 3. . . .Brev 1793-1816 Treadway (included in Brevard's Reports, vol. 3) 2.... Tread 1812-1816 Mill (Constitutional) 1. . . .Mill 1817-1818 Nott & McCord 2. . . . Nott & McC 1817-1820 McCord 4. . . . McCord 1821-1828 Harper 1. . . .Harp 1823-1830 Bailey ' 2. . . .Bailey 1828-1832 Hill 3. . . .Hill (S. C.) 1833-1837 Riley 1. . . .Riley 1836-1837 Dudley l....Dud. (S. C.) 1837-1838 Rice 1. . . .Rice 1838-1839 Cheves 1 . . . .Chev 1839-1840 McMullan 2. . . . McMul 1840-1842 Spear 2. . . . Spear 1842-1844 Strobhart 5. . . . Strobh 1846-1850 Richardson 15. . . . Rich 1844-1846 1850-1868 Chancery. Vols. How Cited. Date. Desaussure 4 Desaus 1784-1816 Harper 1 Harp. Eq 1824 McCord 2 McCord, Eq 1825-1827 Bailey 1 Bail. Eq 1830-1831 Richardson's Cases 1 Rich. Eq. Cas 1831-1832 Hill 2. . . . Hill, Eq 1833-1837 Riley 1 Riley, Eq 1836-1837 Dudley 1 Dud. Eq 1837-1838 Rice 1 Rice, Eq 1838-1839 Cheves 1 Chev. Eq 1839-1840 McMullan 1 McMul. Eq 1840-1842 Spear 1 Spear, Eq 1842-1844 Strobhart 4 Strobh. Eq 1846-1850 Richardson 14 Rich. Eq 1844-1846 1850-1868 From 1868 the decisions of the Supreme Court of South Carolina have been published under the title of the South Carolina Reports, New Series, the vol- umes being numbered consecutively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 83 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 26 South Carolina (April, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases. SOUTH DAKOTA. The South Dakota Reports date from 1889, all volumes being numbered consecutively. (See Dakota.) Volume 22 was the last volume issued on going to press. The Northwestern Reporter contains all the South Dakota decisions from the beginning to the present time. 42 List of American Reports. (Ch. 2 STATE REPOKTS — Continued. TENNESSEE. Law. Vols. How Cited. Date. Overton 2.... Over, (or 1, 2 Tenn.) 1791-1817 Cooke 1. . . . Cooke (or 3 Tenn.) 1811-1814 Haywood 3 Hayw. (or 4-6 Tenn.) 1816-1818 Peck 1. . . . Peck (or 7 Tenn.) 1822-1824 Martin & Yerger 1. . . . Mart. & Y. (or 8 Tenn.). . .1825-1838 Yerger 10. . . . Yerg. (or 9-18 Tenn.) 1828-1837 Meigs 1. . . . Meigs (or 19 Tenn.) 1838-1839 Humphreys 11 ... . Humph, (or 20-30 Tenn.) 1839-1851 Swan 2. . . . Swan (or 31, 32 Tenn.). .1851-1853 Sneed 5....Sneed (or 33-37 Tenn.). .1853-1858 Head 3. . . . Head (or 38-40 Tenn.). . . .1858-1859 Coldwell 7. . . . Cold, (or 41^7 Tenn.). . . .1860-1870 Heiskell 12. . . .Heisk. (or 48-59 Tenn.) .. 1870-1874 Baxter 9. . . . Baxt. (or 60-68 Tenn.). . . .1872-1878 Lea 16. ... Lea (or 69-84 Tenn.) . . . .1878-1886 Pickle 24. . . . Pickle (or 85-108 Tenn.). .1886-1902 Cates — . . . . Cates (or 109 Tenn.). .1902 Chancery. ^^^^_ Date. Tennessee Chancery Reports (Cooper) 3 . . . . 1872-1878 Chancery Appeals. ,^ . Date. Tennessee Chancery Appeals Reports 2 . . . . 1901-1902 From 1886 the volumes of the Tennessee Reports are generally designated by number, beginning volume 85, 86, 87, etc., to date. Volume 120 Tennessee ( 12 Cates) was the last volume published on going to press. The volumes of the Tennessee Chancery Appeals Reports are designated by number, the last vol- ume issued being volume 2. The Southwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 85 Ten- nessee (October, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases. "^^^^^^ Vols. Date. Dallam's Decisions 1 1840-1844 The Texas Supreme Court Reports date from 1846, and from the beginning the volumes have been numbered consecutively. In 1876 the Texas Appeal Reports were established (reporting criminal cases only), the volumes being num- bered consecutively. This series of reports continued to be published under the title Texas Court of Appeals Reports until 1892 (volume 30), when the name was changed to the Texas Criminal Appeals Reports, in order to distinguish the set from the Texas Civil Appeals Reports established the same year. There is an odd volume of the Texas Supreme Court Reports covering the cases de- cided during the Civil War. This volume is known as volume 25 Supplement Ch. 2) State Reports. 43 TEXAS— Continued. Texas Supreme Court Reports. Volume 102 Texas, volume 56 Texas Criminal Appeals, and volume 48 Texas Civil Appeals were the last volumes published on going to press. The Texas Civil Appeals cases consist of 4 volumes (1876-1893). These reports are often cited as 1 Willson, and 1, 2, and 3 White & Willson. The Texas Unreported Cases consist of 2 volumes, and are sometimes cited as 1 and 2 Posey. The Southwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 66 Texas Reports (March, 1886), and volume 21 Texas Appeals (March, 1886), and re- ports all subsequent cases, together with the decisions of the Courts of Crim- inal Appeals and Civil Appeals from the organization of these courts. UTAH. ■ The Utah Reports date from 1871, all volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 34 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 3 Utah (January, 1881), and reports all subsequent cases. VERMONT. Vols. How Cited. Date. Chipman (N.) 1. . . . N. Chip 1789-1791 Chipman (D.) 2. . . . D. Chip 1789-1825 Tyler 2. . . . Tyl 1800-1803 Brayton 1 Brayt 1815-1819 Aiken 2. . . . Aik 1825-1827 From 1826-27 the volumes of the Vermont Reports are numbered consecu- tively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 82 was the last volume pubhshed on going to press. The Atlantic Reporter commences with the cases in volume 58 Vermont ( November, 1885), and reports all subsequent cases. VIRGINIA. Vols. How Cited. Date. Jefferson 1 Jeff 1730-1772 Wythe's Chancery Reports 1 Wythe 1790-1799 Washington 2 Wash. (Va.) 1790-1796 Call 6.... Call 1797-1825 Hening & Munford 4 Hen. & M 1806-1810 Munford 6 Munf 1810-1820 Gilmer 1 Gilmer 1820-1821 Randolph 6 Rand 1821-1828 Leigh 12 Leigh 1829-1842 Robinson 2 Rob. (Va.) 1843-1844 Grattan 33 Grat 1844-1880 44 List of American Reports. (Ch. 2 STATE REPORTS— Continued. VIRGINIA— Continued. Special Reports. Vols. Date. Virginia Criminal Cases 3. . . .1789-1826 Patton, Jr., and Heath, Court of Appeals 2 1855-1857 Howison, Criminal Trials 1 1850-1851 From 1880 the volumes of the Virginia Reports are numbered consecutively, beginning volume 75, 76, 77, etc., to date. Volume 109 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 83 Virginia (January, 1887), and reports all subsequent cases. Volume 82 Virginia is par- tially covered by the Southeastern Reporter. WASHINGTON. The Washington Territory Reports date from 1854 and continue to 1889, there being three volumes. The voliimes of the Washington State Reports date from 1889, and are num- bered consecutively, beginning volume 1, 3, 3, etc., to date. Volume 55 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 2 Washington Territory (July, 1880), and reports all subsequent cases in this series, and all cases in the Washington State Reports from the beginning to date. WEST VIRGINIA. The West Virginia Reports date from 1863, all volumes being numbered consecutively. Volume 65 was the last volume published on going to press. The Southeastern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 29 West Virginia (October, 1886), and reports all subsequent cases. WISCONSIN. Vols. How Cited. Date. Pinney 3 Pin 1839-1852 From 1852 the volumes of the Wisconsin Reports are numbered consecu- tively, beginning volume 1, 2, 3, etc., to date. Volume 141 was the last volume published on going to press. The Northwestern Reporter commences with the cases in volume 46 Wis- consin (January, 1879), and reports all subsequent cases. WYOMING. The Wyoming Reports date from 1870, all volumes being numbered con- secutively. Volume 17 was the last volume published on going to press. The Pacific Reporter commences with the cases in volume 3 Wyoming {April, 1883), and reports all subsequent cases. Ch. 2) General and Special Reports. 45 GENERAL REPORTS. NATIONAL REPORTER SYSTEM.J Vols. How Cited. Date. Supreme Court Reporter 30 Sup. Ct 1882-1910 Federal Reporter 179. .. . Fed 1880-1910 Atlantic Reporter 75 Atl 1885-1910 Northeastern Reporter 91 N. E 1885-1910 Northwestern Reporter 126 N. W 1879-1910 Pacific Reporter 108 Pac 1883-1910 Southeastern Reporter 66 S. E 1887-1910 Southern Reporter 52 South 1887-1910 Southwestern Reporter 129 S. W 1886-1910 New York Supplement 123 N. Y. Supp 1888-1910 SELECTED CASE REPORTS.ft Vols. How Cited. Date. American Decisions 100 Am. Dec 1769-1869 American Reports 60 Am. Rep 1870-1887 American State Reports* 131 Am. St. Rep 1888-1910 American and English Annotated Cases* 15 Ann. Cas 1906-1910 Lawyers' Reports Annotated 70 L. R. A 1888-1905 Lawyers' Reports Annotated, New Series* 24. . . . L. R. A. (N. S.) 1906-1910 SPECIAL SUBJECT REPORTS.ft Vols. Date. American Banking Cases 5 . . . . 1900-1905 American Bankruptcy Reports* 22 ... . 1899-1910 American Corporation Cases 10 ... . 1868-1887 American and English Corporation Cases '. 48. . . . 1883-1896 American and English Corporation Cases, New Series 19. . . .1896-1908 American Criminal Reports* 16 1877-1910 American Railway Reports 21 ... . 1872-1881 American Railroad and Corporation Reports 12. . . .1888-1896 American and English Railway Cases 61 ... . 1881-1896 American and English Railroad Cases, New Series* 57. . . .1896-1910 American Negligence Cases 16 ... . 1789-1895 American Negligence Reports* 21 ... . 1896-1910 American Electrical Cases 8 . . . . 1872-1903 American Probate Reports 8 1877-1896 Probate Reports Annotated* 13 1897-1910 Morrison's Mining Reports 22 1883-1907 American & English Mining, Irrigation, Oil and Gas Casesf. . . 1. . . .1909 Municipal Corporation Cases 11 ... . 1900-1904 Street Railway Reports* 6 1903-1910 Insurance Law Journal* 38 1871-1910 t The Reporters comprisinK the National Reporter System are continuing series ; the latest volumes published up to September, 1910, being indicated. ft Reports marljed with a star * are a continuing series ; the latest volume published up to September, 1910, being indicated. t Succeeds Morrison's Mining Reports. CHAPTER 3. REPORTER DIRECTORY, Showing What State and Federal Reports are Covered BY Each Part of the National Reporter System. In the first of the two tables which follow are listed the various Reporters, which together constitute the National Reporter System. Opposite each Reporter is indicated the State Reports covered by it, and the date when the decisions of each state were first published in the Reporter. Thus the Atlantic Reporter takes up the Connecticut Reports on May 4, 1885, reporting all subsequent cases. All cases reported in 53 Connecticut were decided later than that date, and accordingly they are also in the Atlantic Reporter. In some states, however, one or more volumes of the State Re- ports overlap the period covered by the Reporter. This is the case in Georgia; for instance, the Southeastern Reporter takes up the Georgia cases on January 1, 1887. All cases in 79 Georgia and later volumes are reported in the Southeastern Reporter. Volumes 17 and 78 Georgia both contain a number of cases decided after January 1, 1887, and therefore are reported in the Southeastern Reporter, al- though the greater part of the cases in each volume are earlier than the date mentioned. The second table contains exactly the same material as the first, but differently arranged. Here the State Reports are listed alphabetically by states, fol- lowed by the name of the Reporter by wlych each is covered and the date when the Reporter takes up the State Reports. Peact.Man. Mg) Ch. 3) Reporter Directory. 47 (a) BY REPORTER. VOL. OF REPORTER. DATE. feTATE REPORTS. Atlantic Reporter. 53 Conn. May 4, 1885. 6 Del. Ch. ] 7 1 Houst. (Del.) Marv. (Del.) July 22, 1886. 1 Penn. (Del.) 78 Me. Aug. 6, 1885. 64 Md. June 23, 1885. 64 N. H. March 12, 1886. 48 N. J. Law. Nov., 1885. 41 N. J. Eq. Oct., 1885. 110 Pa. May 11, 1885, 15 R. I. April 4, 1885. 58 Vt. Nov. 23, 1885. Northeastern Reporter. 114 111. May 15, 1885. 102 Ind. March 11, 1885. 1 Ind. App. March 31, 1891. 139 Mass. Nov. 5, 1884. 99 N. Y. April 14, 1885. 43 Ohio St. Feb. 24, 1885. Northwestern Reporter 1 Dak. Dec. Term, 1867. 51 Iowa. Dec. 5, 1878. 41 Mich. June 11, 1879. 26 Minn. March 20, 1879. 9 Neb. Jan., 1879. 1 Neb. Unoff. Organiz'n of Com. 1 N. Dak. Jan. Term, 1890. 1 S. Dak. March 1, 1890. 46 Wis. Jan. 7, 1879. Pacific Reporter. 1 Ariz. Jan., 1871. 64 Cal. July 2, 1883. 1 Cal. App. Organiz'n of Cts. 7 Colo. Dec, 1883. 1 Colo. App. June 23, 1891. 2 Idaho. Sept., 1881. 30 Kan. May 3, 1883. 1 Kan. App. March 19, 1895. 4 Mont. Jan. 7, 1881. 17 Nev. Jan. Term, 1883. 3 N. M. March 21, 1883. 1 Okl. June 24, 1890. 1 Okl. Cr. R. Organiz'n of Cts. 11 Or. March, 1883. 3 Utah. Jan., 1881. 1 Wash. St. July, 1889. 48 Reporter Directory. (Ch. 3 (a) BY REPORTEE^-Cont'd. VOL. OF REPORTER. STATE REPORTS. DATE. Pacific Reporter— Cont'd. 2 Wash. T. July, 1880. 3 Wyo. April 11, 1883. Southeastern Reporter. 79- Ga. Jan. 1, 1887. 1 Ga. App. Organiz'n of Ct. 96 N. Car. Jan. 1, 1887. 26 S. Car. April Term, 1886. 83 Va. Jan. 1, 1887. 29 W. Va. Oct. 30, 1886. Southern Reporter. 81 Ala. Dec. Term, 1886. 23 Fla. Jan. 1, 1887. 39 La. Ann. Jan. 1, 1887. 64 Miss. Oct., 1886. Southwestern Reporter. 47 Ark. Nov. Term, 1885. 1 Ind. T. Organiz'n of Cts. 85 Ky. June 1, 1886. 8 Ky. Law Rep. Aug. 2, 1886. 89 Mo. April Term, 1886. 94 Mo. App. April 28, 1902. 85 Tenn. Oct. 20, 1886. 66 Tex. March 23, 1886. 21 Tex. App. March 7, 1886. 31 Tex. Cr. R. Organiz'n of Ct. 1 Tex. Civ. App. Organiz'n of Cts. Federal Reporter. 1 C. C. A. -1 1 U. S. App. / Organiz'n of Cts. U. S. Cir. & Dist. Cts. March 1, 1880. Supreme Court Reporter. 106 U. S. Oct. Term, 1883. New York Supplement Reporter. 23 Abb. N. C. 1 App. Div. 16 Civ. Proc. 1 Con. Sur. 1 Gibbons' Sur. 1 Power, Sur. 15 Daly. May 1, 1888. 49 Hun. 1 N. Y. Ann. Cas. 1 Misc. 7 N. Y. Cr. R. 56 N. Y. Super. Ct. 1 Silvernail. Ch. 3) Reporter Directory. 49 (b) BY STATE- STATE OR TERRITORY. 81 Alabama 1 Arizona 47 Arkansas 64 California .... 1 California App. 7 Colorado 1 Colorado App.. 53 Connecticut . . 1 Dakota 6 Del. Ch 7 Houst. (Del.).. 1 Marv. (Del.)... 1 Penn. (Del.)... 23 Florida 79 Georgia 1 Georgia App. . 2 Idaho 114 Illinois 1 Indian T 102 Indiana 1 Indiana App 51 Iowa 30 Kansas 1 Kansas App 85 Kentucky 8 Ky. Law Reporter. 39 Louisiana Ann 78 Maine 64 Maryland 139 Massachusetts . . . . 41 Michigan 26 Minnesota 64 Mississippi 89 Missouri 94 Missouri App 4 Montana 9 Nebraska 1 Nebraska Unoff . . . . 17 Nevada 64 New Hampshire. . . 48 New Jersey Law. . . 41 New Jersey Eq. . . . 3 New Mexico REPORTER WHERE FOUND. South. Rep. Pac. Rep. . S. W. Rep.. Pac. Rep. . Pac. Rep. . Pac. Rep. . Pac. Rep. . Atl. Rep. . . N. W. Rep. Atl. Rep. . . South. Rep. S. E. Rep.. S. E. Rep.. Pac. Rep. . N. E. Rep.. S. W. Rep.. N. E. Rep.. N. E. Rep.. N. W. Rep. Pac. Rep. . Pac. Rep. . S. W. Rep.. S. W. Rep.. South. Rep. Atl. Rep. . . Atl. Rep. . . N. E. Rep.. N. W. Rep. N. W. Rep. South. Rep. S. W. Rep.. S. W. Rep.. Pac. Rep. . N. W. Rep. N. W. Rep. Pac. Rep. . Atl. Rep. . . Atl. Rep. . . Atl. Rep. . . Pac. Rep. . EVERY CASE IN STATE REPORTS SINCE Dec. Term, 1886. Jan., 1871. Nov. Term, 1885. July 2, 1883. Organization of Courts. Dec, 1883. June 33, 1891. May 4, 1885. Dec. Term, 1867. July 22, 1886. Jan. 1, 1887. Jan. 1, 1887. Organization of Court. Sept., 1881. May 15, 1885. Organization of Courts. March 11, 1885. March 31, 1891. Dec. 5, 1878. May 3, 1883. March 19, 1895. June 1, 1886. Aug. 2, 1886. Jan. 1, 1887. Aug. 6, 1885. June 23, 1885. Nov. 5, 1884. June 11, 1879. March 20, 1879. Oct., 1886. April Term, 1886. April 28, 1902. Jan. 7, 1881. Jan., 1879. Organization of Com. Jan. Term, 1882. March 12, 1886. Nov., 1885. Oct., 1885. March 21, 1883. Pbact.Man.- 50 Reporter Directory. (Ch. 3 (b) BY STATE— Cont'd. STATE OR TERRITORY. REPORTER WHERE FOUND. EVERY CASE IN STATE REPORTS SINCE 99 New York 23 Abb. N.C. 1 App. Div. 16 Civil Proc. 1 Con. Sur. 1 Gibbons' Sur 1 Power, Sur. ]5 Daly. 49 Hun. 1 N. Y. Ann. Cas. 1 Misc. 7 N. Y. Cr. R. 56 N. Y. Super. Ct. 1 Silvernail. 96 North Carolina 1 North Dakota 43 Ohio St 1 Oklahoma 11 Oregon 110 Pennsylvania 15 Rhode Island 36 South CaroHna . . . . 1 South Dakota 85 Tennessee 66 Texas 31 Texas App 31 Texas Cr. R 1 Texas Civ. App . . . . 106 United States 1 C. C. A 1 U. S. App U. S. Cir. and Dist. Cts. 3 Utah 58 Vermont 83 Virginia 1 Washington St 2 Washington T 29 West Virginia 46 Wisconsin 3 Wyoming N. E. Rep. N. Y. Supp. April 14, 1885. May 1, 1888. S. E. Rep... N. W. Rep.. N. E. Rep... Pac. Rep. . . Pac. Rep. .. Atl. Rep. . . . Atl. Rep. . . . S. E. Rep... N. W. Rep.. S. W. Rep... S. W. Rep... S. W. Rep... S. W. Rep... S. W. Rep... Sup. Ct. Rep. Fed. Rep. . . . Fed. Rep. . . . Pac. Rep. .. Atl. Rep. . . . S. E. Rep... Pac. Rep. . . Pac. Rep. .. S. E. Rep... N. W. Rep.. Pac. Rep. .. Jan. 1, 1887. Jan. Term,, 1890. Feb. 24, 1885. June 24, 1890. March, 1883. May 11, 1885. April 4, 1885. April Term, 1886. March 1, 1890. Oct. 30, 1886. March 33, 1886. March 7, 1886. Organization of Court. Organization of Courts. Oct. Term, 1883. Organization of Courts. March 1, 1880. Jan., 1881. Nov. 23, 1885. Jan. 1, 1887. July, 1889. July, 1880. Oct. 30, 1886. Jan. 7, 1879. April 11, 1883. CHAPTER 4. LIST OF ENGLISH REPORTS. (a) TABLE OP ENGLISH REGNAL YEARS. The regnal years of the various sovereigns are shown by the fol- lowing table : Length of Sovereigns. Commencement of Reign. Reign. William I October 14, 1066 21 WiUiam II September 26, 1087 13 Henry I August 5, 1100 36 Stephen December 26, 1135 19 Henry II December 19, 1154 35 Richard I September 23, 1189 10 John May 27, 1199 18 Henry III October 28, 1216 57 Edward I November 20, 1272 35 Edward II July 8, 1307 20 Edward III January 25, 1326 51 Richard II June 23, 1377 23 Henry IV September 30, 1399 14 Henry V March 21, 1413 10 Henry VI September 1, 1422 39 Edward IV March 4, 1461 23 Edward V April 9, 1483 — Richard III June 26, 1483 3 Henry VII August 22, 1485 24 Henry VIII April 22, 1509 38 Edward VI January 28, 1547 7 Mary July 6, 1553 6 Elizabeth November 17, 1558 45 James I March 24, 1603 23 ' Charles I March 27, 1625 24 The Commonwealth January 30, 1649 11 Charles II ^ May 29, 1660 37 James II February 6, 1685 4 William and Mary February 13, 1689 14 Anne March 8, 1702 13 George I August 1, 1714 13 George II June 11, 1727 34 George III October 25, 1760 60 George IV January 29, 1820 11 William IV June 26, 1830 7 Victoria June 20, 1837 64 Edward VII January 22, 1901 9 George V May 6, 1910 — 1 Although Charles II did not ascend the throne until May 29, 1660, his regnal years are computed from the death of Charles I, January 30, 1649, so that the year of hla restoration is styled the twelfth of his reign. Pract.Man. (51) 52 Alphabetical List of English Reports. (Ch.4 m M O Oi M W 02- t— ( O i» E-c < Eh O xn W Eh O < ^ o a e s w D pp O u .O fL, s 1-5 -!j Q 6§ T— 1 1 G5 CO TtH 00 Tt< 00 O OT I I IS t- -* CO CO O 00 CM O »0 CO III. Qi Oi CO O 03 ^ CO T)H £>• OO 00 00 't 00 lO TfH lO »0 l-H o lo lo lo CO c= I I I I 1— I IS (N CO «:> I CO lO lO Cfl ~ t- CO i eq 3 o OS 2 >> > C/1 c 3 rt o o ■ < 1-4 ^ C7C! "1 /• V K/l HH hH W <^ Ph 2 c a, -2 oc,- w .=3 ■4-) i-H (N> iH tH WO c ,- o t; 3 <" "h _, 1) V-i OJ 'Xi ^ ^ C «3 u S o COrHC«7HOCOiHa _ I — 1 tn en eg • =3 • og J -H 2 - c -=:" <<<< a "3 << C 3 oj rt fe !y c c o rt m ra 1-4P eq K CI CO HH --3 _e •— ' O 1— 1 ■;^ ? n rt w rt g a. s 2 ca c3 ^ pj ^ eq pq fq c3 > pi d (..j* (U "rt ^ ^ -a c CD O 4^ >^ Dh 3 6' o a a bo a a s .§2 j= o ■ a c ui c c ^-jS 'c3 <:<;<;<;<;<<;<;<<:pq o so c o ^ (/] Is Wpq ^ '-' ,J>( — -i-i 00 O o u tn S ca 0 I oo 00 CO o Pi >^ ;-« -4-» c a .2 ni 00 ■ to CO .2 M g >;^ -'" :> r t* CO e (U '^ o 00 lO 1-1 I to 00 o I to 00 ■^ O lO •* to 05 CO rJH t- 00 C» 2> I 1 I I I I CvJ ^ CO CO 00 to « CO t- 00 00 -^ 00 00 00 00 i> J> T-l J> (N CO I I 00 OO c s o < pq (u (M C/3 P-, Ph i-IJ o CO T-l 05 o o o I 00 T-l T-l . -5 fq P3 fq pq P3 pp -< o CI o o a o ni pq =3 oa ni m o c o w s 3 oa ca c o ffl Pi floa > > n! O Pi > t a ni Pi d m P5 ^ o oa o ^ "^ bi) si) j:23 pq pq 3 13 : ^ O 3 ^ s ni ni O Ph O O pqpq Ph 3 o E E o 3 O bo in .-2^3 1-1 ni pq B .tlT wpq 54 Alphabetical List of English Reports. (Ch.4 a o o i u o at w !^ o s < 6 ■d o I 05 3 6 d o o3 Pu a) o o pq m o l-H ^ CO o CO lo o 00 I 00 r-t lO tH I rH I >0 W (TJ 05 iH O 5D t- I CO to CO I to O Oi CO N (N CO ^ £7 i> I I 1 I I to C^ CO CO C<2 rH O tH "2 CO 00 to i> £- c- 10 CO I 00 00 a C O c ^^ y p^ . 2 "o O c c > n! 20 Ph a. PP P3 wWKow cJmmWwWM p5 TH T-l 00 t}< ~C^, •a o c o ^ o o m PQ pq P5 =3 p pq pq m 60 6 bo n W W cq =3 a p^ •a o •^ S .y So a-- pq in Pm t^ _, O.S 12; P J3 rt (U O o o m p^i c a h4 bi . & "^ oT - SCO y-'O >> ." P -s "^ P fc; I c o pp - t; 3 3 3 3 3 pq pq pq pq pq pq =3 -§d d h4 pp ui4 t/2 oa r, u JS a bi i^ X! e 3 3 3 3 3 ri pq pq pq pq m pq O o c 3 oa biO g 'S o & O C3 O C 00 T-H 1-H I I I I tH to 05 2> £- C- O O 00 t- CO 00 04 CO 1 t CO 1-1 ^ ^ 00 00 .2 3 y -^ g M tH tH iH 'tl CO oa =8 ^ ^ OT HK < o O 00 i> « 1 . 4t T-t !X> 1 t- 1 CO . iH O rH O w . to 1 1 «o 1 H 00 . 1X1 ^o J> « 00 e- tH tH 00 lO iH lO tH «D m lO 3 • »-* :-• PL, e3 Ph o bo s >^ u rt Uh U Pi >^ :>> >- 0 1 00 1 lO 00 50 i^ 00 «D t- II 1 iH rH T— 1 1— 1 rH r-l T~t T't ^^ Oi i^ no rH O lO 1 1 CO CO 1 1 Ti i> 00 ■^ lO o r^ 00 to >o lO CO 5 u en J-i a, P _ .. aj i> nJ c> CD D 43 ^ai . . ^H t-t »-i CO Cfi w rt nJ c^ cS rt oj aoouoo Ph o3 ni o a < C o E rt ca o . o o T^ '^ T-i r^ T-t T-i 00 rH C-. rH 11 a c 'P =3 w o ni K P^ S "2 3 rc^ feu -> ni - c-e - h t« S U2 M • c : n! u-l u ' 1 O ^- ■*-» . o ,_i " o u CO o3 v 1> M ^— '^-^ O'^ O O O O OtH 1^ rtH s'' - - ni O O ^ o o o ni rij .t; . °3 S6a ni ^^ nJ o ni J2 „ ^ ,, OPhOT^ rj n-l i+j ni ^ en tfi CO CO tf3 w 1> ^ D aj a; (y en en tn en en en ni nj cd nJ ni cd O O en CXi . . ni -. >^ en C nJ X! o ^ ^ • rH ^i^ >^ ^ ni o en CJ U ILl en r^, ^en .2 ^ Soa CO I en o o o o o . OU CJO U O oooooooou odudo . , . o ni g ni en O OJ en ^ "! O ^^ -tJ ^' h C OJD . o n! 0 lO rH t- O lO Tj< Til I I t- T CO CO T-l CD lo in I o 00 00 lO i> T-i T-i en iH CD w =3 So o , !» iS O CO « CO in o o Pi 6 o o o OOO h4 00 00 ^ lo T« CO CO 1-1 I I I oo CD t- CO tH Tti CO CO 00 oo 00 05 oo CD t- J> c:3 i> I I CO CO 00 TjH t- 00 2> 00 I 00 CD CD O 00 00 o o o I C5 C5 <3:> CQ tH ,H tH C» I I I 00 CD t- O r-l CO o "O 00 03 00 t O 1-1 >n ^ I CD O CO 1-1 ^ -* I CO 00 00 1-1 iH (Ti CO I o CO 00 iH CO I CO 00 >% >, fc ■ ^^ 1 J ■ »^ l-l-t ^i-l »i-| u u (L) a a. a ax: • O O O O iw tlj o o o o o " ooooa K a, o o3 O ^^" 3 o Ph O ^ pq *^U -^ d, d^ cl, o o o o o o auo ft S s o oa O u o o C WWW ^ X X X o o o o OOOO CO 1—1 I en !2 n! /i ^ X X X OOOO u ooo s . ca O O x" o O ■I ^ s l> -Pi o -^ pq i-r -t-t -t-l o o P O o t/) t/-/ oJD . O o _ft Q- ca o3 O O '^ O o > ca O be O =a 3 O o oa > •r o H ft ^ S p o oa o gpi o o tl6 $ 3 in cn O M 3 c 5 c^a ca a o ft G o o P3 OOOO o Ch.4) Alphabetical List of English Reports. 57 lO 50 T-l ■^ O CO CO i> E- CO CO «o -* tH 00 J> 00 in 00 tH iH T-H T-H iH m OJ CD I 00 00 tH s* 1 00 ia 1-1 00 tt CO lo ■* CO 00 00 CO I OS CO 00 E- «D I I 00 00 00 o IC lO I I CD ■* m -# 00 00 C5 UO I 00 lO I CD 00 0« CO I 00 to «D I 00 in lo 4. 00 CX> , « aj O a o X- -i-^ — X , J u o >< s o l-< a; eq : M m wa a lU o C (in s - o rH -* "* =3 tt K J3 ctf rt f? X) „ c >\ m O O OJ ^ '^ n! ni .ffi i4W WW pq o3 Ji" o - rt ; .S c w =3 ni M ■ 3 ■> n! nj PP u y rt nJ PP (J -M CO 0,0 2 >. CO =3 ni V P O d PP O o3 c o ni cd PP c3 e ni P ni o o O (U ««« P O d d a; P nl o o O c o tn 'a a; P 58 Alphabetical List of English Reports. (Ch.4 Ph 2 o 04 OS Z> »0 00 CO J. '^ I o iH eo lO I c<5 00 03 00 iH lO tH lO lO 00 CQ r-l CO G5 ?- i- CO a lO r-l •* ^=?^Tt t ^ •^ ^ -^t «0 T* »0 1 1 1 iH OO (» t- o l-l CO M C i-l N 071 ■* ■* C0 rtl >0 t- 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo CO CO t- T3 a +J a o O CO 1 iH H c3 • « • O Oh d 1 P5 .^ ^p^; HH 1 o b g .2 s [s) 0) g^ f^ C5 Q o H 02 a a ^ p 1 J3 H £1 Ah u o h4 J Moo P3 s Mo o « « to O 00 1-1 CD 00 I I I tH CO o t- I r-l O lO lO «3 CO l^ 00 T—t i-H T-H a w :o CO CO CO C". p^ OT W I- : ^ . o p o 1-r •:oa :=« << ■ >> Pi ho s .yOOQOOOO PQQQQQQQ ^ »i ^ c3 ho a o-o o< B< p m o3 do c3 O c o K P PP PPP a> CO 3^ P WW 53 .y P O CO O o w d hx) hi ^ Kj ^ "5 c 3 3 ^ '=a ^ ^ .s o o o o . o o PPPQPPPP oa P Pi O Ph pi ^ ca oa oa PP w coa PP as o ^ u ^ Tk ">> w Pi rt P^ U C o (U 0) '-^ ho ho oa .5 .s CO .yooooooo PPPPPPPP oa oa bo o p ho oa ho o o p p oa bo '% o p S w oa >. >% PP W oa rt ho'H ^.s ^ •^ S ^ .See V, 3 3 PPP S* 1o o C30 00 0« to 00 -* . lO 2> ■* t "f T ■ lO o . 1 CO 1 >o 04 ^ to • CO rH J> CO ■5t< ^ xH • lO 1 ^ 00 00 oo 00 . 00 CO 00 iH tH tH tH . rH 05 T-{ t- c5oocoto 1 I J> I I I t- I tOCOrHOOOSOrHCO CO 2> I C<8 ^ O I Tt< OOtOCTSt-OOOOWSt- rHrHOOrHrHrHOSrH to to pq o o W o3 do to I to lO OD Ph rH CO « CO CO O =3 P^ 3 u 4^ _o 3 J3 f4 cq fei WW' o o3 tH s" CD 2^ .•^ j3 u oa wS 3 u S ■=a 5 w w =a 3 O ni S rH 5^' •tt : . .Ah • C . : ^w t\j . h4.i- w w o d _; a WW O C ta O c >% ni *^ Co w5 .2 "So 3 a WW o d c=a ti) 3 w u 3 e« o -a 3 n! >-. n! Pi bfl 3 w § w > . o I o d =a bjo 3 W o 3 ca U -a 3 ni >-> 'rt P^ 3 w U d p^ ho 3 W o n 3 ni o 3 ni >% ni ni p:; 3 w 2 .Q 3 .3 en o W^ oa w w 3 XI O t-, 3 w t; - .2 " r^ ^ ?i en -a p U -^ X! W w ni "s W d w 42 O P^ . J3 ay WWWW a; bo tn o OP^ O ft p:i -4-t ■*-» WW en n WW I o 43 o X w o p:! 3 43 o w w =3 n! O 3 o W 43 en i-t 4-» - oj 43 N w oa 3 o o a w zgibbon; nblanqu( -4-r 3 o tn i-T u +-» tn i-T . o o O O o C/D WW WW WW w .S .S .13 o W -I-: -M oa ti en ^^ o o w wwwwwwww 3 n! 43 o -SI 3 3 WW o (U p^ a 3 u ^ 3 ca P5 ^en en "aj 3 3 O cri •S j5 <" h043 ^ N 3 C .■ti O O WWW O .3 1- It, 3 ii-oa o en Ut t^ (L> d) -4-> -4-* -t-> Ui en en O O O WWW 60 Alphabetical List of English Reports. (Ch.4 a o o i u o o O 02 i O 1:14 «3 t- ^ tH C<3 CO »o 10 -H 03 2> 1 1 t- gt -* CO j-H (NJ Cv! 1 1 1 1 1 50 «3 iH rH tH i-i j> CO 10 CO C» t- 1 1 ^ ^ 10 tH (N 00 c- 00 00 00 t- 2> CD 1-1 i-l «o S> rH tH T-l tH T-H 1-H CO O C o > O E w en o3 fa fa fe u (U Ph M . racDoO'^''5oocot- rHt-C0rHrHiHrH 10 io GO Tt^ O CJ CO I rH CO CO CO I la CO 00 CO I pq X fa Ofd Wo oa ca fa fa CD o r C rn nl '^ fa .- PQfa O O M P^ o c ni O CO 10 T— I T— I 1— i c^ ^ > Q =3 300 =3 o fa, lU rHrH^r-tO^T— rH *t— 1 fa ■m" -tj" ra E-i ot 1!; rt ri •^ . « rs r;5 « ^^^ o faoo 00000 O O O •O ^ffi. ■ 1° oo Km ^fa fa u w r-T'd O OS O C o cS a o Si XfX ofej o fa O o • o :o : c3 ■ u ■ G ■ pq w - faOO MH ^ r:; rt ■ 3 o o'oboo OOOffiKffiKffi o n e 't! XI 3 _^ O fa en en « S -. ca CO XX o3 X 1) be 5 >^ ^ ^ o3 n o 00000 ooOffiKKKIUKKK o3 bfl 6 E X Ch. 4) Alphabetical List of English Reports. 61 •.»« t1< lO t-i rH in i> i> 00 t- Oi O CO CO (N 1-1 05 (N T-l CO CO O CQ CO tH ■* iH CO !> CO CO lO CO CD CO T+l CO IN (T* CCJ 1 1 1 1 CO 1 oa 1 1 i> 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2>- tH O m T— t rH »0 C^ oo CO 00 t- o H J (U o o o a. X X aj Wen X CI c> ' =8 woouw Sffi^ o ^ h— 1 '^ ^ .4-* uT o tuO "E, 42 -O o o m mw h4 ^W^ o o o www a o o o o o o l-H hIh 1-Lh i-1h i-1h I CO CO o ni "bi) C W u, O o o Pi -a a CI a. < o8 K' o ^fe 8 e &^ o '-' o si o oa 1) c o d w bJO Pi O O >^Ph o oa >v 1-1 "* Th CI o O o nl bo 1) ^ i-l o o o o Pil w to cn n en o o O U ffi &Ph 0, biO CI a: Ah o o O O CI ffi r ca o o en 3 c o d =a I a : S3 SO d K H-id oy r^ ca H w .w o S .iS o =a O O cS "cfl -H -ScS 3 3=a ^oa o o 9 CI CI CI a a o o tu +-• -M -*-» ^ X So ^ W trt v. 3 3 i-c 'U tn o o O 3 3 3 X K KM XX 15 o ^"^ P^ w,> « nl O ^ XI -S 3 !> 3 0 T-H ■* «D Tfl CD op •* «3 «0 lO 05 t- O t- lO CO lO «0 (N C<3 lO >0 00 «a i:d 00 CO 00 oo 00 (J4 C5 00 CD t- CO I I I t(h 1-1 CO lO CO CO 00 CO oo CO CO CO J3 > c CL, fin (^ 4-1 -t-» ^ 1! ^^ o O ?^ OO o d W W < < 6 gww o N iH iH 1-H CO OJ c o ^ o c o ■on Hi O W O O o p-1 d m W W T-i CO Oi tH =3 o c o CO o oa c u o =3 S <) o O . en m o o Ui 3 3 "S si a P W btf S « O O c« « S 1= -5 -G o o c3 WW c o V C nj u o >% ^ 3 O ■a ■.PQ 3- WW ■CO o biO . G o I I CO CO CD CO I C5 00 ■* 04 00 CO T-( « 00 I I rH lO "O O ^ M W C/3 PL, 0! 3 o ■-< 3 CIS l-i p ^ n I' ^ 2 ^ CL| Ri O "O ni -^ Co pi^ W ho ^ J5=3W X - _ :.4 ^ J b/D 3 3 O . , 3 MW «• 3 (LI (U WW (U ^ 3 ^ WWW : /:, O 3 O O bfl 3 W o3 >. n i-i «5 1-1 o m i- OS 05 I I T— I th ^r> lo I I to «o Co O lO O i> O i> 00 J> 03 I OJ I I I l-H lO ^1 lO lO >0 I CD 1 CO t- CD lo 00 >o CO 00 00 t- T-l t- i-l tH iH 00 00 3 5 o o <^ =3 o o O ^ o -I .^ b.>^ o.g CO lO to in o OS lO >o Oi lO o 05 lO o> ^ ^ 1 T O CT3 1 ^ o en 1 o o C5 1 K3 1 >o lO lO lO iH lO lO iH lO iH r-H CO CO «o !0 CO t- 1 CO CO 1 CO 1 1 CO ^ 00 00 00 00 ra 00 >o fH 00 00 r-( tH iH r-H 00 tH T—t 00 1— i 00 O OS tH i-H a; c; 00 ^ CO tH ■* ?> rH Oi CO : u ■ a << h4 J o o w o3 0) ^<< ^J* « CO Eos & ^ & ^ ^ ^ c4 cd cd cd cii c^ _J J 1-4 h4 ^4 a o ooooo o ?~- o 1-1 00 T-l j> o o a o O u u w Oo3Q .>■ -g •§ f^ M M O CO CO CO CO -+I o LO 00 CO iH -* tH 43 h4 Ph' fL, d h4 Q p^i Pij fci p:j pi pi p:i pi fk^" a. CI < - sop Pi re o3 C s c 5 ^ <« fS § I S ooouo o o o o o a, a. Oi a a, PSlP^ eel p^ p:^ p:^ pci C/l CO to 4-1 4-) -M Ul Ul l-l O O O a, Oi a 4h4H4h-I 1^ S o P^Pi re re h-Ih4 a re ! -3 . c d '-' .2 "^ 'co G ■> "= P re &<; Is Wat; u a; re Pi(S K 00 ^ 3 o £ ^ dn PM OJCiJ^' ffi <; CO u CO KPi :pp d Q= p P5 P5 eq Ph' c:3 Ph' C)!0!W pi pi pi pi pi pi re re Jh4 re a. c 3 o O >^ *n PL, t; o 04 Oi CD CO :> "i ^^ h4 o > P c=8i l> P^p:; re re 1-4^ a "r-i .CO S^ S be 3 1> 3 >- ti s O o o a 0, a, Plp^Pi & &: ^ cd cd cd J,-tH4 re a a W o a P^ to O a 1> CO .is Pi SJEh ^O ^ rt re > S » — . s d * y § S 3 0) a ra .9 .9 .3 10 1010 i> i^ t- 00 0000 'O '^ 'C3 01 CU OJ B 3 3 .3.9 5 ^ 'Xj 4^ a c a 000 000 00 tH C5 CO «5 I I 1-1 O 03 I t^ cs • ca O : ft o3 cJ oo d w OJ 03 2=^ S.S o n ■> ^ >; 1) " 11 m aJ g~oB O J Jh4h4 > < S o .W CIh *i2 V ^ to 1 — 1 -i4 S2 a 2 en o 3 3 hJ J J iT •o -a a a JS "^ u >-, "3 "3 ^ OO *i o o 4 §§ a o V ,Q <1 1X1 O d d =3 a o O d U (U ji-r J h4 (U ^io ^ „oa ^ j=i j- oi t) 4 O o o w O >. ^ ^ 43 o IJ D (P §=3 4444 =3 c o 4 ■a 3 3 3 4r44 o p^ oC o >- .5 >^ R ^^ ^ =3 f^ ^ m S e ^^ =3 OO o c (3 O t- O p<(§ w s c 3 O o3 >-. g s s a Ch.4) Alphabetical List of English Reports. 65 to 1-H 04 >b o o oa CO O «D t- t- J> (N (J4 00 CO o o "f=? =? t CO CO O 03 -* ■* 1-1 1 00 1 T-l 1 t^g=? CO CO t CO lO lO iH © J> t- tH 05 tH CO CO O lO r-l O CO IN 00 CO CO T-i 04 ^ w (Ti ^ CO rH «D 4l 00 T-l CO iH 1 CO CO CO CO (» OO CX) 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 OS 00 00 00 00 00 tH tH 1— ) tH tH T-i 00 iH 00 iH lO i-t iH 1-1 CD tH CO iH 1-1 tH 1-1 >, >, S-. '.-t lU ^ oa ~o u ^3 = ' - oj ni 4::; "O 43 o tn en U tH tn rt rt rt ni O >-i oa m =a pq m ni ^ oj ^ ni J3 bo s oa pq J3 . -3 K 1- 1- 3 nJ rt n! nj 1^ t:H ^5 l^ <-, ^ f=25 ,-5 ni a o-^ tfi tn CI u rH J> 02 C 03 I --I t- OS CO tH i-H i-H 03 CO I 1 CD C^ >^ c M P d do M _; CO c<8 C o u P M 3 bo C3 SS : n : =3 o 8 8m 8 S 8 m fa o o o o § ss t-f '-3 w p-( ^ c3 o o o3 o P^ =3 o o o o o g o o SS S X O 1) Q c o cj p bjO 3 O O 3 o c o Xi o =3 o3 ^ .fa ■c3 fafa WW o o o o p:i fa d^ 1-1 D P< o3 fafa -^^ 3 S S o o bJ5 u O o3 3 . 3 ;*.m -^s b/) o3 '> ^ '> Ch' fa =3 :^fa' do=^ . xn :^ dJ en o - to . o pq o3 O o3 O l-t « u ^ O O O 3 >-. o3 §ss c3 t/i r3 _ u 3 o o o o 3 3 '-^ O nJ i- 'C fa fa Ph e3 JiTi C/5 b o o b o o o o OOqOOO o O 3 OTpq O O (U OJ (U V- u C O O o O O o c3_ (U "u b '-' o o 2S o3 b/) O 3 ^-3 t/) 1-4 O 3 o3 o3 bjO 3 '5 3 o3 3 U ^ "S^ %% % % ^^h fa (U Ch.4) Alphabetical List of English Reports. 67 i> CD us t- !> o OS co £- CO ■^ lO lO TjH 1 1 1 1 >» CD lO (N T)H !> T-l T-l CO i> CD -* 'dH ^ 1 00 oo 00 00 00 00 OS T— I tH tH T-t T-i tH lO IQ O 3 d en U O ^« o m 1-4 =aw 1) 2 Bo" CO lO cs Ci th a<8 I ^ I Ci T— ( 03 CO I iH 00 CO !0 T-H >0 tH I 00 ^^- co coo CO o Ph fe Ph dcJ pq M WW "o "o o ft Pi O « CD lO T-l O CO 00 I 2> tH CQ tH I O I lo 00 lo cyi 7-i a> t- CO p^ ■u Ph Ph ^ m ^ W p::i PL, o '^ o C ni o t 00 CO GO eo lo C5 CO 2> TtH 00- I 1 rH t- tH CD Tt< 00 00 CO w a u u c PL, ttO o P^ '> 2; o Oh a! a > & o c3 O C cii PM "4 O rfl T-l iM T-l ID : V tr] c o CU o c ?i - OT Ph cfei u a* mc3 I CO O xn OJ O g -M ' Practice Reports Reports Session c en (L) ^ ^ ^ ^ U lU u O O u. (Ll O ;5 Ph C o W u - >- i-T ^ - 1> D g g ^ (iT oT ^ Ji! !> rt rt rt rt .is 1- OPhF4 ^ HH Ph 13 •o ^■<; CJ 1) M .i£i rt ca rt cj hH "'"^ ^ 1-, 1-, g iH . CJ (U Vi S '-' I — . (U U u. OJ 4> (L> PhC^ Ph =3 o3 biO IS IS • PL, Ph PL, Ph ni 0/) o •a 3 C 1— . o CS '+-» u CJ u *-4-» en s .2 'en en > .a o o h;3 Pi o Pi =3 iH 'tH i-( o 00 CO OS lo (N CO CO I I I rH O tH iH O Tt< O I lO I I Tt( tH CO CO lo 05 o? e- 00 00 CD tH CO 02 1-1 iH r-l O CO >o J3 o Wo3 p^ M !-!• „• s X >< »o I iH TtH 00 00 I 00 CO I 00 00 o tH I CO 00 05 ^ -* 00 »0 SQ CO o CO 00 ■* CIS i-H O 1 1 t- 05 CT5 i> 1 tH rH O CO CO iH iH 1 1 CO CO 4l CO ■* 05 1 1 00 00 >o '^ O Oi tH •rH 1-1 1-1 00 Oi CD CO 00 m w =a Ph' =3 o W CO rH t-. u nl 3 3 J3 O O O S S "o t CO CO J3 .2 <^ 1) '^ W £1 & (4W =3 =apH 1^ oa rfe oS^ffi^ffi TK p^ §3 s: -M tj o o "u & ho M m o s a "S .H .y ^ « > s PhPhPhPhPhPh^ s ^^ K ^=3 (^ ^ P^ c 2 o bi) c rt O o o CL, Ph Ph Ph Ph PM,, Ph OJ o 6 c < -2 -a X •o ^^ ^ ^ "o Ph P^ Ph c a] JO o! S-, -t-> C o a G E ° P^P^ CO I U W P5 4 r! O O C o P3 J o d d d o3 ca o3 i pi Pi' pi CO rt rt crt O O CJ 03 rt 1.; S rt H H r-] O C C a C o 6 pp °3 =3 =3 =3 w >. >. >% >~, n! c3 rt C3 ^ ^ ^ ^ OJ 3 'c3 '3 '3 'rS a Pi Pi rt Pi a > rt P^ t> -a -o c o c o „ 6 ni rt PiP^ H E P^Pi CQ >0 rH >0 1-1 0^! O PifH Pi Pi -a c o P Pi o C > c o CJ -a c cfl •o o o P^ E„ >i nl HI b/5 -a .f. ^ tn tfi c/1 v^ tn +j 4_. +j ,M ^ tj u, 1-. V. u. Ji O O O O O tuc *-^ ID OJ (L) (U .^ p^iPip:^ PiPiPiPig a a si o Ch.4) Alphabetical List of English Reports. 69 iO U5 ?0 to 05 CT5 to d CO f-i Oi Oi I «5 I ill «* tH t- o ■* to ^ I to T-( 03 C 00 T-4 00 I 00 to D3 to 04 C<5 Oi! Ov2 .H t- 00 I j> I tH CO iH to I o ■* 05 >n ■* tH to O tH Tt( o ■^ 00 lo CO ^ 00 >o t- 00 00 OTtlOO>0050l?SCtO I 1 T I I I I I I I II OJ-*000-4lt-tOO(Ni-l i>tOtDtO00Q000tO 0000 o (US • 1) M fe O cq W U c n! o CL| o .- oa 6^ X p-1 M I cq'fq w ad „ _. ^ Ph CL, m fe W o o 13^ ^ o o a (L> B -G — ' m cq m c ni — : X! O fu Ti^ M M fn !4 O O o Ph a (LI o THTHiH(^Jr-lrHS> , t/i ui ::3 C tn -(_» tn irt O O O O S 3 O a p4 d u w o (U (U q o Oilp:; o ^ 2 o cq ■& (U cP^ •^ en ii S -" ;3 ' oa p:i piftjp^p^p^p^p^ Pi o c Pi oa =3 3 Pitntnt/i n) c« o u HJ ;T oa ■O Pixnmxfx O O :=!3 S cfei-a o o oa p^ rt rt o u o a, Pi A E oa 4-* -M Ul a. 3 en oa P5pqHg:2;:z; ret; :h4 • -a • 1-. ■ o : * :o (*ii PL, Ih C (/] g "G c _g ."H .5 en en rtj C 3 e o o c i .§ -I en C/2 w "rt > .ti en en en",^v P^ic/iOic/i mxnifx^xfi. C/3 cd ca ■S.2 (L> (U cn en O en (U (U O O en en en 3 o in 5 ;3en ^=a en en en 3 C 3 O Q " O a< Pi (U C x: O •a u O vh oa 3 ii ^ S en en 70 Alphabetical List of English Reports. (Ch.4 o o m O M M I— I h^ 1^ o 50 pq M PL, I-:! o o 03 o o in to in lo in m 00 CO i (N O 00 C3 «0 05 ' CQ 5 Ph ^- -# « o ^ > -V CO oi CO Ph HH s s 'Bh'Oi -4-1 U c/1 ?; > -^ -.^'-' !-• '""^ Clh o ^ HE-i ■ -° in to o 03 rH rH in 1 1 ot in 00 I 00 tloi O 'tH 00 00 p o Pi o3 ,11 *-* e a o .oa ^ rt O r^ C ,- ^ +-» -i-t S- /-J CJ (U to M >-, H --; >^ > i I s p ^ g n! cfl n! ■ - -9 -9 c/2 c/i W c/i g 5 3 S £ bjO ^ n! rt 11 ij .^ Oi to tH ■* (?? C3 05 iH ci tH rH in 4* 1 C C3 ■0 „p^ —'■«':; ^ c It arry, othil tion ings urne P9 P3 H H I <>3 O > o a, Pi CS h4 P^ h4 Pi o a %,% q> 1) Pi en 1 ^ rt oa hJ i-j cn ^- 0) 2:i ^ c .§1 1-4 > 3 Ht- • tH ■g I s 1 P4 Ch. 4) Alphabetical List of English Reports. 71 C<5 I o CO CX3 «£> ■* 1-1 O CO !> oi (^^ I I 1 t- lO lO 00 tH CO to 50 I 00 CD «0 iH tH T-( 1-1 00 O =3 O X 'o ' u o c r; o O ^ CD CD 0) t- TiH lO i> CO — ^ ^^ lO o o 00 Ci O^J 00 as 00 00 T-l I I CD W O CO lO CD 00 OO ^ 05 iH tH O CO -* T-i CD I T I I CD 05 O t- CO CO tH CO t- 00 00 i> a* O K aj J> 2> i-l T-l I I J, ?5 i> CO 00 tH m -* 1-1 j> i- 00 o3 u O a d •o "^ "O 43 X o CO =a CM P4 ca 0< Ci c a .c^ S" S So S - -^ >, ^^ ni 1) >>> pq o a C8 o la a xfx E tn ^- w O) >>> 3 O 'S W e » 2 >^ >>>>_ > B xn 1— ; >; 1) >. l>.1n Pi =a^ (U o Oh 1) o e oi OO nl "1 ^ .. p ^ X"^^ « -=" ^ en ^ S wj ni Qj a; (y o 00 00 o CO CO >o -I I J> as o Cv! CO .i Ph o N CO tM trH CO I I e> CO o CO o CO CO to 00 X W Ph PQ Wp^ W W M 00 o C .a U ^ >^ >^ !>^ >^ W o CO U w CO p c 1 — 1 1 — 1 ■ »o 1 — 1 • CO • 1 •o • o u • CO rt ^ T3 • rt W '. TO <^ r*^ tH . o 1 . (N tH . en en w ^ ^ ^ ■S pq O O O O p:i m ^ s ^ >- rt O u a "o O S S3 5 3 o o o3 O W > 1—1 oT C o • 1 — I 1 — 1 • T3 :w 1 — 1 . •a • :p5 w : «3 • J >< : p= p :>h' 1 c w : .'■* ofe : r 1 — 1 1— ( T-i • c c ^ c3 't O o3 o3 D 1) bD be a n 3 3 O O >H >^ Period. 1694 to 1699 1697 >» 1714 1703 J> 1800 1813 JJ 1818 1819 JJ 1831 1837 )J 1837 1837 tJ 1833 1831 1* 1846 1839 1839 JJ 1841 1847 )> 1865 Ch. 4) Chronological List of English Reports. 73 (c) CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ENGLISH REPORTS ARRANGED ACCORDING TO COURTS. Following is a chronological list of the English reports, arranged according to courts, and showing the number of volumes and period covered by each series. HOUSE OF LORDS. No. of Vols. Shower 1 Colles 1 Brown, by Tomlins 8 Dow 6 Bligh : 3 Bligh, New Series 11 Dow and Clark 3 Clark and Finnelly 13 Maclean and Robinson , 1 West 1 House of Lords Cases (Clark) 11 PRIVY COUNCIL. I Acton 1 Knapp 3 Moore 15 Moore, New Series 9 Moore, The Gorham Case 1 Moore, East India Appeals 14 Indian Appeals Supplement 1 The Law Reports, Indian Appeals^ 36 CHANCERY. Cary 1 Chovce Cases in Chancery 1 Tothill 1 Dickens 3 Reports in Chancery 1 Nelson 1 Equity Cases Abridged 3 Cases in Chancery 1 Freeman 1 Finch (Sir H.) 1 Vernon 3 Finch's Precedents 1 Peere Williams 3 Gilbert 1 t Reports marked thus $ are a continuing series. 1809 l» 1811 1839 tr 1836 1836 j> 1861 1863 if 1873 1850 1836 a 1873 1873 Jf 1873 1873 tf 1909 1557 99 1604 1557 >» 1606 1559 )» 1646 1559 »> 1798 1615 fj 1713 1635 JJ 1693 1667 99 1744 1660 99 1688 1660 JJ 1706 1673 99 1681 1681 99 1730 1689 jy 1733 1695 99 1736 1705 79 1737 74 Chronological List of English Reports. (Ch. 4 CHANCERY— Cont'd. No. of Vols. Period. Select Cases temp. King 1 Mosely 1 Kelynge, W 1 Talbot Cases temp 1 West 1 Atkyns 3 Ambler 2 Barnardiston 1 Ridgeway, temp. Hardwicke 1 Vesey, Sr., and Belt's Sup 3 Eden 3 Brown, by Eden 4 Brown, by Belt 4 Cox 3 Vesey, Jr., with Index, and Hovenden's Supp 22 Vesey and Beames 3 Cooper (G.) 1 Merivale 3 Swanston 3 Jacob and Walker 2 Jacob 1 Turner and Russell 1 Russell 5 (Only two parts of 5th vol. were published). Russell & Mylne 2 Mylne and Keen 3 Mylne and Craig 5 Craig and Phillips 1 Phillips 2 Macnaghten and Gordon 3 De Gex, Macnaghten and Gordon 8 De Gex and Jones 4 De Gex, Fisher and Jones 4 De Gex, Jones and Smith 4 Collateral Reports. Romilly's Notes of Cases 1 Wilson 1 Cooper temp. Brougham 1 Donnelly 2 Cooper's Practice Cases 1 Cooper temp. Cottenham 2 Hall and Twells 2 Equity Cases 3 Rolls Court. Tamlyn 1 Keen 2 Beavan 36 1724 yt 1734 1726 >t 1731 1730 J» 1732 1734 fJ 1738 1736 , ft 1739 1736 a 1755 1737 Ji 1784 1740 ff 1741 1744 ft 1746 1747 tt 1756 1757 j> 1767 1778 t> 1794 1783 1796 1789 j> 1816 1812 M 1814 1815 1815 tt 1817 1818 ft 1819 1819 " 1821 1821 tt 1822 1822 tt 1824 1823 tt 1829 1829 tt 1831 1833 tt 1835 1836 it 1840 1841 1841 tt 1849 1849 it 1851 1851 tt 1857 1857 tt 1859 1859 it 1862 1862 tt 1866 1767 tt 1787 1818 tt 1819 1833 " 1834 1836 It 1837 1837 " 1838 1846 tt 1848 1848 tt 1850 1853 tt 1855 1829 tt 1830 1836 it 1838 1838 tt 1866 1815 if 1822 1822 31 1826 1826 ff 1849 1850 ft 1852 1852 Jf 1859 1860 JJ 1865 1841 J> 1843 1844 9t 1845 1846 ft 1852 1852 tf 1857 1857 ft 1865 1841 ft 1853 1853 ft 1854 1854 )J 1858 1859 1860 tt 1862 1862 tf 1865 Ch. 4)^ Chronological List of English Reports. 75 CHANCERY— Cont'd. Vice Chancellor's Court. No. of Vols. Period. Maddock 6 Simons and Stuart 2 Simons 17 Simons, New Series 2 Drewry 4 Drewry and Smale 2 Younge and Collyer 3 Collyer 2 De Gex and Smale 5 Smale and Giffard 3 Giifard 5 Hare 11 Kay 1 Kay and Johnson 4 Johnson 1 Johnson and Hemming 2 Hemming and Miller 2 KING'S BENCH AND QUEEN'S BENCH. Placita Anglo-Normannica 1 Rotuli Curias Regis 2 State Trials, with Index 34 Year Books, of Edward 1 5 Year Books 11 Bellewe 1 Keilwey 1 Moore 1 Dyer 3 Brooke's New Cases March's Translation of Brooke Benloe 1 Leonard 1 Plowden 2 Owen 1 Noy 1 Coke 6 Goldbolt 1 Croke 4 Gouldesborough 1 Popham ■ 1 Yelverton 1 Hobart 1 Davies (Ireland) 1 Ley 1 Calthrop 1 Bulstrode 1 RoUe 2 Palmer 1 Jones, Sir W 1 } ^ 1066 ft 1195 1194 tt 1199 1163 ft 1820 1292 tt 1307 1307 tt 1537 1378 tt 1400 1496 " 1531 1512 tj 1621 1513 JJ 1582 1515 J) 1558 1531 ji 1628 1540 tt 1615 1550 ft 1580 1556 tf 1615 1559 tf 1649 1572 ft 1616 1575 tt 1638 1582 tt 1641 1586 fj 1602 1592 ft 1627 1603 11 1613 1603 tt 1625 1604 jj 1612 1608 " 1629 1609 31 1618 1609 31 1639 1614 tJ 1625 1619 11 1629 1620 tt 1641 Td Chronological List of English Reports. X^h. 4 KING'S BENCH AND QUEEN'S BENCH— Cont'd. No. of Vols. Period. Latch 1 1635 " 1628 March's New Cases 1 1639 " 1653 Style 1 1645 " 1646 Aleyn 1 1646 " 1649 Siderfin 2 1657 " 1670 Raymond, Sir T 1 1660 " 1684 Levinz 3 1660 " 1697 Keble 3 1661 " 1679 Kelyng, J 1 1662 " 1669 Saunders 3 1666 " 1673 Jones, T 1 1667 "1685 Ventris 1 1668 " 1691 Pollexfen 1 1669 " 1685 Modern 13 1669 " 1732 freeman 1 1670 " 1704 Shower 3 1678 " 1695 Skinner 1 1681 " 1698 Comberbach 1 1685 " 1699 Carthew 1 1686 " 1701 Holt 1 1688 " 1711 Salkeld 3 1689 " 1712 Raymond 3 1694 " 1734 Fortescue 1 1695 " 1738 Comyns 2 ' 1695 " 1741 Sessions Cases 1 1710 " 1748 Gilbert's Cases in Law and Equity 1 1713 "1715 Strange 2 1716 " 1749 Barnardiston 2 1736 " 1735 Fitzgibbon 1 1738 " 1733 Kelynge (Wm.) 1 1730 " 1732 Barnes' Cases of Practice 1 1733 " 1760 Ridgeway temp. Hardwicke 1 1733 " 1737 Cunningham 1 1734 " 1736 Lee temp. Hardwicke 1 1733 " 1738 Andrews 1 1738 " 1740 Wilson 3 1742 " 1774 Blackstone (W.) 3 1746 " 1780 Sayer 1 1751 " 1756 Kenyon 3 1753 " 1760 Wilmot's Notes and Opinions 1 1757 " 1770 Burrow 5 1757 " 1771 Lofft : . . 1 1773 " 1774 Cowper 3 1774 " 1778 Douglas 4 1778 " 1784 Durnford and East (Term Reports) 8 1785 " 1800 East 16 1801 " 1813 Maule and Selwyn 6 1813 " 1817 Barnewall and Alderson 5 1817 " 1823 Barnewall and Cresswell 10 1833 " 1830 Barnewall and Adolphus 5 1830 " 1834 Adolphus and EUis 13 1834 " 1840 Queen's Bench (Adolphus and Ellis, New Series) 18 1841 " 1852 Ch. 4) Qironological List of English Reports. "77 ■ KING'S BENCH AND QUEEN'S BENCH— Cont'd. No. of Vols. Period. Ellis and Blackburn 8 1852 " 1858 Ellis, Blackburn and Ellis 1 1858 Ellis and Ellis 3 1858 " 1861 Best and Smith 10 1861 " 1869 Collateral Reports. J.P.Smith 3 1803 " 1806 Dowling and Ryland 9 1821 "1827 Manning and Ryland 5 1827 " 1830 Nevile and Manning 6 1831 "1836 Nevile and Perry 3 1836 " 1838 Perry and Davison 4 1838 " 1841 Gale and Davison 3 1841 " 1843 Davison and Merivale 1 1843 " 1844 Harrison and Wollaston 2 1835 " 1836 Willmore, Wollaston and Davison 1 1837 Willmore, Wollaston and Hodges 2 1838 " 1839 Arnold and Hodges' Practice Cases 1 1840 " 1841 Cababe and Ellis 1 1822 " 1885 PRACTICE REPORTS AND BAIL COURT. Chitty 2 1770 " 1822 Dowling 9 1830 " 1840 Dowling, New Series 2 1841 " 1842 Dowling and Lowndes 7 1843 " 1849 Saunders and Cole 2 1846 [' 1848 Lowndes, Maxwell and Pollock 2 1850 " 1851 Lowndes and Maxwell 1 1852 " 1854 Wollaston 1 1840 " 1841 New Practice Cases 3 1844 " 1848 COMMON PLEAS. Benloe and Dalison 1 1486 " 1580 Anderson 1 1534 " 1605 Brownlow and Goldsborough 1 1569 " 1624 Savile 1 1580 " 1594 Hutton 1 1612 " 1639 Bridgman, Sir J 1 1613 " 1621 Winch 1 1621 " 1625 Littleton 1 1626 " 1632 Hetley 1 1627 " 1632 Bridgman, Sir Orlando 1 1660 " 1667 Carter 1 1664 " 1676 Vaughan 1 1665 " 1674 Lutwyche 2 1682 " 1704 Lutwyche, translated by Nelson 1 1682 " 1704 Cooke 2 1706 " 1747 Willes 1 1737 " 1758 Blackstone (H.) 2 1788 " 1796 78 Chronological List of English Reports. (Ch. 4 COMMON PLEAS— Cont'd. No. of Vols. Period. Bosanquet and Puller 5 Taunton 8 Broderip and Bingham 3 Bingham 10 Bingham, New Cases 6 Manning and Granger 7 Common Bench, with Index 19 Common Bench, New Series 19 Collateral Reports. Marshall 2 Moore 12 Moore and Payne 5 Moore and Scott 4 Scott 8 Scott, New Reports 8 Hodges 3 Arnold 2 Drinkwater 1 Harrison and Rutherford 1 EXCHEQUER. Jenkins 1 Lane 1 Hardres 1 Bunbury 1 Parker 1 Anstruther 3 Forest 1 Wightwick 1 Price 13 McCleland 1 and Younge 1 Younge and Jervis 3 Crompton and Jervis 3 Crompton and Meeson 3 Crompton, Meeson and Roscoe 3 Meeson and Welsby 16 Exchequer Reports (Welsby, Hurlstone and Gordon) 11 Hurlstone and Norman 7 Hurlstone and Coltman 4 Collateral Reports. Price's Notes of Practical Cases 1 Tyrwhitt , 5 Tyrwhitt and Granger 1 Gale 3 Murphy and Hurlstone 1 Horn and Hurlstone 3 Hurlstone and Walmsley 1 1796 jj 1807 1808 >j 1819 1819 jj 1832 1833 »> 1834 1834 )j 1840 1840 ti 1844 1845 tt 1856 1856 j> 1865 1814 jj 1816 1817 jt 1837 1828 tr 1831 1831 jj 1834 1834 it 1840 1840 it 1845 1835 3t 1837 1838 JJ 1839 1840 J) 1841 1865 tt 1866 1230 J> 1633 1605 >J 1612 1655 ft 1669 1713 JJ 1742 1743 J) 1767 1792 J> 1797 1801 1810 J) 1811 1814 JJ 1824 1834 1825 1836 JJ 1830 1830 " 1833 1833 JJ 1834 1834 JJ 1836 1836 JJ 1847 1849 JJ 1856 1856 JJ 1861 1863 JJ 1865 1830 JJ 1831 1830 1835 1836 1835 JJ 1836 1836 JJ 1837 1838 JJ 1839 1840 JJ 1841 Ch. 4) Chronological List of English Reports. 79 EXCHEQUER— Cont'd. Exchequer, Equity. No. of Vols. Period. Wilson 1 1817 Daniell 1 1817 " 1819 Younge 1 1830 " 1832 Younge and Collyer 4 1833 " 1841 NISI PRIUS. Clayton 1 Peake g Espinasse 6 Campbell 4 Holt 1 Starkie 3 Gow 1 Bowling and Ryland 1 Ryan and Moody 1 Carrington and Payne 9 Moody and Malkin 1 Moody and Robinson 2 Carrington and Marshman 1 Carrington and Kirwan 3 Foster and Finlason 4 ECCLESIASTICAL. Lee 2 Haggard (Consistory) 2 Phillimore 3 Addams 3 Haggard 4 Curteis 3 Notes of Cases in the Ecclesiastical _and Maritime Courts. . 7 Robertson 2 Spinks (Ecclesiastical and Admiralty) 2 Deane and Swabey 1 Brodrick and Fremantle 1 Brooke 1 Dale 1 Phillimore's Ecclesiastical Judgments 1 Cripp's Church and Clergy Cases PROBATE AND DIVORCE. Swabey and Tristram 4 1858 " 1865 Searle and Smith (parts 1 and 2 all published) 1859 " 1860 1631 3t 1650 1790 >t 1812 1793 99 1807 1808 9} 1816 1815 99 1817 1815 99 1822 1818 99 1820 1822 99 1823 1823 99 1826 1823 99 1841 1827 99 1830 1831 99 1844 1840 99 1842 1843 99 1850 1858 99 1867 1752 J> 1758 1752 » 1821 1809 Jt 1821 1822 99 1826 1827 9J 1833 1834 99 1844 1841 99 1850 1844 )> 1851 1853 99 1855 1855 99 1857 1840 J9 1865 1850 99 1872 1871 1867 J> 1875 1847 9J 1850 80 Chronological List of English Reports. (Ch. 4 ADMIRALTY. No. of Vols. Period. Mariott 1 Robinson (Sir C.) 6 Edwards 1 Dodson 2 Haggard 3 Robinson (Dr. W.) 3 Spinks (Eccl. and Adm.) 2 Spinks' Prize Cases 1 Swabey 1 lyushington 1 Browning and Lushington 1 Marsden 1 Collateral Reports. Notes of Cases in the Ecclesiastical and Maritime Courts. . 7 Maritime Cases, Crockf ord 3 Maritime Cases, Aspinall| 10 Holt's Admiralty Cases 1 BANKRUPTCY. Rose 2 Buck 1 Glyn and Jameson 2 Montagu and McArthur 1 Montagu 1 Montagu and Bligh 1 Deacon and Chitty 4 Montagu and Ayrton 3 Deacon 4 Montagu and Chitty 1 Montagu, Deacon and De Gex 3 De Gex 1 De Gex, Macnaghten and Gordon 1 De Gex and Jones 1 De Gex, Fisher and Jones 1 De Gex, Jones and Smith 1 Insolvency Cases (Cresswell) 1 Macrae and Hertslet 1 Fonblanque's Bankruptcy Cases 1 Gazette of Bankruptcy 4 Morrell 10 Manson, Bankruptcy and Companies Winding Up.:j: 16 RAILWAY AND CANAL CASES. Nicholl, Hare, Carrow, Oliver, Beavan and Lefroy 7 1835 " 1855 Neville and Macnamara 3 1855 " 1881 Browne and Macnamara G 1881 " 1896 Browne, Macnamara and Neville 3 1896 " 1905 Browne, Macnamara, Neville and RobertsonJ 1 1906 " 1909 t Reports marked thus t are a continuing series. 1776 ?J 1779 1799 » 1808 1808 ft 1810 1811 ti 1822 1822 jt 1837 1838 ff 1852 1853 fJ 1855 1854 ft 1855 1858 *f 1859 1860 »> 1863 1864 j> 1865 1648 ft 1840 1841 it 1850 1860 it 1871 1870 JJ 1908 1863 JJ 1867 1810 jt 1816 1816 if 1820 1821 it 1828 1826 1830 1830 it 1832 1832 It 1833 1832 a 1835 1833 it 1838 1836 it 1839 1838 ti 1840 1840 ^1 1844 1845 11 1848 1851 It 1855 1857 >i 1859 1859 it 1861 1862 ti 1865 1827 it 1829 1847 a 1852 1849 ti 1852 1861 ti 1863 1884 ti 1893 1894 a 1909 Ch. 4) Chronological List of English Reports. 81 MERCANTILE CASES. No. of Vols. Period. Danson and Uoyd 1 1838 " 1829 Lloyd and Welsby 1 1829 " 1830 COMPANIES' ACTS. Megone 2 1889 " 1891 ELECTION CASES. Glanville 1 Douglas -t Phillips 1 Luders 3 Fraser 2 Peckwell 2 Corbett and Daniell 1 Cockburn and Rowe 1 Perry and Knapp 1 Knapp and Ombler 1 Falconer and Fitzherbert 1 Barron and Austin 1 Barron and Arnold 1 Power, Rodwell and Dew 2 Wolferstan and Dew 1 Wolferstan and Bristowe 1 O'Malley and Hardcastle (Election Petitions) 5 REGISTRATION CASES. Pigott and Rodwell 1 Lutwyche 2 Keane and Grant 1 Hopwood and Philbrick 1 Hopwood and Coltman 2 Coltman 1 Fox and Smith 1 Smith 2 COURTS OF REVISION. Manning 1 1832 Delane 1 1836 COMMERCIAL COURT. Commercial Cases 6 1895 " 1902 Pkact.Man.— l 1865 1832 yy 1910 1859 jy 1910 1884 »» 1909 1837 yy 1909 1908 f) 1910 1776 1850 1821 1865 1813 1865 1824 1866 1752 1844 1850 1857 1865 1871 1872 1889 CHAPTER 5. LIST OF CITATION BOOKS. State. Citation Book. Alabama Shepard's Citations. Arkansas Shepard's Citations. California Palm's Citations. Rose's Notes. Shepard's Citations. Colorado Shepard's Citations. Connecticut Shepard's Citations. Dakota (N. & S.) Shepard's Citations. Florida Shepard's Citations. Georgia Shepard's Citations. Idaho Idaho Citator. Illinois Fiske's Citations. Shepard's Citations. Indiana Shepard's Citations. The Citator. Thompson's Citations. Iowa Atchison's Citations. Shepard's Citations. The Citator. Kansas Shepard's Citations. The Citator. Kentucky Caldwell's Notes to Kentucky Reports. Shepard's Citations. Louisiana Shepard's Citations. Maine Shepard's Citations. Maryland Shepard's Citations. Massachusetts Shepard's Citations'. Michigan Shepard's Citations. The Citator. Minnesota Shepard's Citations. The Citator. Mississippi Shepard's Citations. Missouri Shepard's Citations. The Citator. Montana Shepard's Citations. Nebraska Shepard's Citations. Nevada , Shepard's Citations. New Hampshire Shepard's Citations. New Jersey Shepard's Citations. New York Kreidler's Citations. Shepard's Citations. Silvernail's Citations. Taylor's Citations. ;Pbact.Man. (35) 86 List of Citation Books. (Ch. 5 State. Citation Book. Ohio Shepard's Citations. Stewart's Citations. Thompson's Citations. Oklahoma Shepard's Citations. Oregon Shepard's Citations, Pennsylvania Shepard's Citations. Rhode Island Shepard's Citations. Tennessee Shepard's Citations. Texas Herron's Citations. Rose's Notes. Shepard's Citations. The Citator. Utah Shepard's Citations. Virginia Hank's Annotations. Shepard's Citations. Washington Shepard's Citations. West Virginia Shepard's Citations. Wisconsin Miller's Citations. Shepard's Citations. The Citator. United States Ash's Federal Citations. Rose's Notes (U. S. Sup. Ct.). Shepard's Citations (U. S. Sup. Ct.). CHAPTER 6. LIST OF DIGESTS. (a) GENERAL DIGESTS. AMERICAN DIGEST SYSTEM. (I) Century Digest 1658-1896 (Incl.) (II) Decennial Digests'. 1897-1906 (Incl.) (III) American Digest, Key Number Series (Current) 1907 to date (IV) American Digest, Monthly Edition (Current), Monthly Advance Sheets of the Key Number Series. Pract.Man. (87) 88 List of Digests, (Ch.6 m H m w , cb < 1-H Q § < W M H < -5l H^ Eh < aj 1 1 _L c/j "^ tfi ■O "> o lO Ol 1 1 Vi l-< t/1 o CO CL| o _ O ^ =a =r CO g 1 sj Ol lO i-l -M -.^ --I i* 1 1: i_ . 1 th j_, J. tH T-H lO Minor Stewa: Stewa Porter Ala. 1 Ala. 4 Minor Stewa Stewa Portei Ala. 1 Ala. 1 •6 D ;.< Oi -* Cl 'f CX) ci o > CO 00 00 c^ O o Id 1-1 tH ■l* 1* CO lO d "o > 2; > C -, < o N < O t 1 s -2 p 5 u U lU rt >" u <» J> t- CO CO CD CO CO Oi 00 00 00 00 oo rH tH iH tH i-l o > -a S^-P^ ^« s u O (J 0^ to tJ rn d ",,, Td to "43 13 I U 'O -a 4-» rt M -M 'C >~''o Pm a 5 CO c2 -S cfl _c 13 CO to o u S < Id 5 CO •-. Cll CO r! -4-J O c CO 4-> U aj u 1-1 u 4-1 v-. nl CO 4-1 CO CU referen ter, Am can Re Report O CO 1 -4-* 1j u O O — _ u CD O ■fe -M O en 1 a a. ID ■* -t-' (TS ^ o ri rH 8-00 2 1 d a p:^T 1 O 3 a OT-I < th ;h OT<| y3 _ "rt "rt "rt 73 1- O U O O P^ o (^ l-C CO "^i j> h) C2 O o < CO 5 1-1 o 1—1 ■tH 1 o 00 M oi « •a a . 3 i^g ^ ^ftj W a n u to _M "J rt S5 u. ?^ rt a <" " u &^ 4j rt ^+-1 u (U U '^-> u si o i-, Qi O tn Rep tion gest Ph lO •d 1 cn 5 ■I— 1 ^_i cn 1 n! ca a, j2 o ^ »l o p^ g^a.- t^i-^ &> _;^i« ni ca o O OO •d (U t-< o (U T-H > 05 o tH U ^ ■o o o C3 'C l-i -s-« d (Vol. pie Gree T-l < o •5 tn ID 3 c < ►— . iT _G *+-» G _U ca P5 o p <: o o u n ~ « Ph 35 u ?i :^ ^ <" S rS (U T3 (U (— I C .. ^ (L> 1-. 3 to i" rt -S 13 1- 0) '^ I I 13 t t-* t tn iij ca _, ca St* 1-t xJ O - 11 1) o Oh tL) tji 3 C1,Ph ■ ■ iG O O cfl OO PM O S jp. 1 u E (U C5 3 t/J 1H TJ G ca iH > /^ l-H 4) ca ca ' O C "to 'p tn o u > VI o (2 tn Uh +-• »-t ^- 5 0.0 03 t3i 00 iH 1 00 o o to 00 pi g" O ca Ch.6) State Digests. 91 CM u 11 J3 •a .H ■I ) 1) !^i frt 0) o ni ii O 1) U M •+: biO t-i o Pci.ti rl O N i-H — . O O, 0.0 6 6 o •^ tH O ^ Oi CO O CD ■4-) c o o c D o O -" c o V «3 o OS 1-1 I o o o > o 1—1 H O O o to ■4-> u U) 3 -w 8 O CJ rt Ui ^ M 1> .S .a ' CO "tn U O- 5 O t- OS 13 1 ^ T3 1* A 0) oi "rt ca u l-< (U ;-< rt u O "> a o OT (U -; " — ' -^ t CO CO o u C C o 1- o a, (TO iH •5 1-72, onnec Feder tH 1 o U T-l 1 l-H 1. CJ 1 •s^l 1-1 M en T3 g o C/3 l-H 1-1 ■ — ID •" o Clj o .i o O ri o O rt o Jii Mc^QO< 6< Mp^PO S f4 p o < CTJ o CO o ?D 00 Oi o 00 00 oo Oi 1-1 1-1 iH 1-1 4 1 1 OS 4^ 00 <3= 00 00 t- 00 i> t- 1-1 1-1 tH ■i-{ ^-s c« ^ o > ^- 1-1 T-l T-l a i-T c" J' -. m a •a 13 s 1—, tn u o U .2 6 1-1 en 1-4 o -M < a >^ "3 •a O o H o I— I pj H d P d d, P < C5 ^ 1— i i-i o o Ol d d 1 d d d r"! JS c P CS t3 u t.. d. O o S 1— ( rH < iH Oi 00 03 C5 o C» 00 ro 1-1 -i" tH Jh 1 I CO o o Oa 00 00 00 iH iM T-( T-l tH iH M-l ^-) O tn ■+-> bjo lA be ^,,_^ 9 S 3 4-1 ^ 1 1— 1 4-) en C E lyj a G cd ex E o en J3 o ^ t-l t; >; o .s" ■4 ft 3 o Ch.6) State Digests. 93 1 1 1 ■S"P o S ^ 01 0) ■S "O n -" T3 -s O t'i tn ces t are case c t^ ra »i ii-rt 4ii o"" '- IJ en s^§^ J3 fc 5 ho Ph ji +-» 3 O m CD Oi CO •* P5 0<8 1 O 1 U3 -4-> 1-1 04 cd ^ 00 05 O EC 00 00 Oi T-t 1 ^ <£i 1 05 ^ TjH 00 ■* OO 00 00 T-^ iH 1-1 ^^; ^ o > ^-.- ' 1-1 iH 1-1 -t~* tn w bo Q X v , -o <; 1 — 1 W) :^ a (-" x: o o 1— > 4-' uT s ■4-J o 6 3 o o w o o lo ■=? OO I ^ iH M iH 5 '^ «= ni cd ctf ni o o o o Q ->-' .' (5 C < X u •a c cij o a o a a b o cd ■*-» . . 3 rt cs Eh P^P OO o o o "* 00 00 ^ i> £- t- 00 o; 00 00 00 00 00 iH tH 1-1 1-1 'H i;o o o 00 2 -rfl i> J> f- O 00 00 00 CO 00 < •oP rt X -" in en o 'h; "fc ^ is is rt ™ " pq ffi K W CT tt fi ifi Si > > Ml t O 1 ' acifii cita 5 Di -5° to f^ o-^ a, +^ -M a; +^ *- to th ded s in .2 to th ded s in T3 1) -4-» 13 eu M n! en cS ?! nj en ?^ rt u J^ rt C Jf " tC C Jf " S b— ' *en u b — ' u. rt ^ en u. rt •-; Qj Cy J5 M o o eji Oi 1-1 i-( 1 1 to 1 «D to to 00 <» 1-1 1-1 1— ( 1-) O CO rt « d-a a; ni M S ^ o « 1— ' ^ c 5 c.2^ .C ^ 2 4? clT D *u +-* S^P tJO '^ *o CO w ffi ^ 94 List of Digests. (Ch.6 I— I o i-i c3 I CO (5 41 +J at "♦J CO ' O en ^ ii .« * J5 t- T3 ■!-• O (l> ^:§.s -• a 0) «J S n! u t; rt E Pi arallel referen eastern Repo citations of Digest. P-, •6 1) -4-t « u bo Q o o 1-1 o 00 m CO U5 05 OS Oi OJ (N i-l 1 1 05 •^ th in 1 1 02 t ^s doi o 1H lO tH 1 iH lO rt 1 iH lO I-i 1 Oi o a. eese 1 ammon Iman 1- . Sup. 1 . App. 1 i-l tH eese 1 ammon Iman 1- . Sup. 1 . App. 1- iH iH Pi eese 1 ammon Iman 1 . Sup. .App. d, a. s ex OT<; *-t OJ o o o O > Oi 03 OJ G5 o O tH 1 ^ T-1 1 1 o> Oi W 1-H TH rH o ^o 00 00 QO o *tH tH iH >-l rH (L> CL, ^^ rH 1-1 ^ o" O 1— ( > W 6 "o ^ > N N OS N , ._^ , ki «J o u e« G G fr, I-I ^— ' en ■^' 1— 1 en < CO 2? .J" ho ■*-» ^1 Q 1 O 11 c 1—4 S ^ •a n < M. H , and -Diges § 2 a, -a X hH O iT en 'O •o S ^ G a O D ^ |J5 C CS ^-- o Ch.6) State Digests. 95 >^ ft* a, M .is t" "i 5 o O 'in C »— ( iH CO CQ (N tH B O t/) +-> oi K ^ •g s fe ^ ^ V C3 6 S^ " B ft o s ^ rt o w pq pq 3 o p ^'' c o o c fii o , g O w j^: H O 2 1) o o T3 >- „ fcjr, ^ s^ '^p ^ g^ ^P T3 OJ (D .y •« « lU .t: T3 « ^ O ^ oj -p o ^ ij •? ^ J3 u •;: 4-> ^-J ■" ^ tl'^S -M " ^ ^^ - *^ ^^-S .s l^ O 4-1 S - a o .S r- I- g •*- - ii -H g- SS --1 (5 en en t"'i W) tn & • >, 2 t/i "> (^ . >-. S rt 1) -— -^ n! 3^ ni oo OO C3 03 o O T-H 1 T— t T— 1 1 1-1 1 1 C5 1 1 CX3 1 T3 CO co Ol CO _o 03 CO 00 00 'i-i T— 1 iH tH tH d) P^ m O > P? -* d i > « T-l I-l ■^ tn CU ho P ^ (U 1-. o :2; r^ r^ 4-) 1 a _c "I S W w ^a" 'c« 'rt q o V!rH l tn t« .2 *-4-» tn CM CM CO Ph T3 -« u o •m -o -a -M U O T3 cases) ported al and Court '"' 0) g a tn 4-» o 1 tn tn H-> tn 3 r-; cCahon an. Sup. 1-77 an. App. 1-10 icific Reporter 1-94, p. 256 Iso all Kansas on appeal in t United States Reporters. cCahon an. Sup. 1- an. App. 1- 1 l-H < c" on appeal United Sta Reporters u (U > 8 CO d d nl o 1) ex O a! 4" CA) ■ ^ OJ tn u< OJ 4-» i-* O a. p:; >-> T3 o o S t4 w MM< 14< S^t^CM < ^- tH lo ca Ci O o o CO Oi as c^ tH 1—1 1—1 tH 4 4 1 1 o lO o >a 00 00 cs, oo T— 1 T-l i-H T-i d. a p m ^-^ (N tH iH iO S 6 'S ^ .s CO I-H p fe /" iT 6 1 .c tT CM a u -4-1 OJ tn » cs .5 cfl 1 " K m <; J 14 £-; r-l ^ c is c« I ^ >> CO to 1-1 I CO 04 ctf a, I a, u lapi o CIS .1 WW I oo CX) CX) 00 o <7a CX) o > d co" o > .EQ -4-1 % rt ^ S3 S g jj ^P< h4 rt 7 «J 00 rt rt C to U V 0) m o as rH I >o 00 O O a J3 3 < I— I CO 1-1 O n ?i "O oo r: ?? "^ o T-H o ii 3 •a rt rt trt •a rt 'i tW i J3 o O M^ -!t< "o S ft 1 c ^O & ■ o5. OS 1 C al in erne 'Fede o TO c 'en al in erne ralR Martin Martin La. 1- Rob. 1 La. An 2^ appe Supr the ' 1 rt rt ^ appe Supr Fede o 00 00 o o 2> oo o 00 00 00 cs T— I iH tH I-l c4 i f^ 00 o CO 2> 00 00 00 00 00 T-{ tH i-H T— ( e rt 3 1) 3 3 1> en *) »—* u rt J3 O dT 3 a* o fa tn £ rt rt ft X 3 rt II 100 List of Digests. (Ch.6 u a! s 1) Pi T3 c o o <; < 1— I D O bjO O p:i o Ifl bX) ■p o n> -M CO t3 1) O U P4 o > d :z; o c>"i CO o 02 C SO be c C .3 4- u rj S iS ^ rt q cij ^g CO 00 1—1 I o CO < CO CO I CO CO I CO C5 I oo Oi ^ GO ?> 00 '^ 00 OT <^ 05 T-H v ^ r^ J3 oaogoa 1—1 U 'u ca^ V-i »- u n! c^ n! •^ K W Kc5pq <» -* 00 1— t CO lO CD 1-1 % 1 o m K c b rt Fi % i ^ •S -' I t CO w en ^ "C 'C "u °o C o ni --H _.-^ j^ ^3 'Td o CO Ci o 00 00 00 00 00 CO 1-1 1* 1-1 7—i 1-1 1—1 CO CD CO 00 oi CO -* lO CD lO lO C3i 00 00 CXI CO CO 00 l-t tH T-H rH 1-1 1— 1 a, 3 ^ > Ul ["•j OJ o s u (U § CO T3 C cfl 1-^ ^! -a CS 1) XI ^ u O W W c a o '^ m X a bo u 3 W n cci 9 C> 00 1) C bo ccj u M 102 List of Digests. (Ch.6 ■ c OT -a "O =3 [ »s n Zi e 00 02 Oi 05 o O -Y iH iH iH 4^ .i 1 1—1 1 iH 73 o 00 o CO .2 00 00 Oj t- 'u tH 1-1 tH iH ^' ^ "S ^^ o a s^ & ffi ' o 00 CO GO t- l-H oo as Ci o S 00 00 00 Oi v iH 1 1 t 00 7-1 i-i l-H T-i W.5 1 i ti c ,^ t; "" "> t^^l Tji (Vol. pi en Jac Chan tlfl > ond ment Cobs ey's . CQ rH T-H «5 C o o < •§ O tn u ■ J3 < < u tn C ^ B ffi 104 List of Digests. (Ch.6 t 1 1 ^ .i .i 1 1 t ? " P •S'"p Noi d to this Noi d to this Noi :d to this (U V, ^ bjc o o o & C^T-i Cl,co a,=? Q en aJ S 1 P^ 7 1— ( f^^ PiS ■I-' o & 1-47 western cases) : 48-67 western cases) 5 68-88. western a cases) dSB d^ 2 S "S 9 C u o C3 1- O ^ 1- ?! l5 O w ^ o " ^^^ §;? S^ -d CJ c>i 00 ^ S CI c-^ o > 00 CO Ci o T-H T— f iH O 1 I 1 1-1 o? CO t3 m Ci C5 .2 00 00 00 'v-l T— ( T—\ tH u Ph ^ m 'o > c ^ ■' w tH 1— t u o 6 O 4-t :3 biO < 3 -4-J m 1-- I t-5 Ph PU l-H Walker 1 Howard 1-7 Smedes & M Cushman 1-7 George 1-10 Miss. 40-44 C/3 <^ I 00 N B be O Ch. 6X State Digests. 105 to as 00 00 I CO I § s 00 CO 00 o Oi 03 OO 00 -*-* ^B C "!, £2 .2 ■" ^ :§.s t. m "^ *tn jrj >-i m en •— ! en • ^ OJ > B cd a> en G p 1-1 ca a i> o iH 1 tern Reporte ;) 1-82 d d, 9< d d dS^ d d d d en ?! flj a> 3 3 Cu 3 9" 3 a, 3 Oc > "2 en ux <; m< w<; W <1 Oi •S " 6 d 6 6 6 d 6 6 d d d . o a 1-1 1'^ §S S§ S^ §§ ss S§ o i> 03 !N lO J> '^ 05 Oi o o o o 00 00 Oi Oi Oi Oi 1—1 1 1-1 1— t iH 1-1 4i iH 1 1 T-l 1 CO 1 OS i ^ CQ 03 CT> O o CV! 00 00 00 Oi Oi 00 l-H iH iH 1—1 iH iH >o CO t^ So" > i > t 1—1 tH 1— t iH 1-1 iH 1-1 ^ 6 ■4-* bD _C D '.S > tn w 2 o 3 P4 CO 'M 4-> W ■M S MH v^ "u ^ , : 1 tH ^ JS 4-^ i- 0« Xi +j c e m tfl c en c ^"f cS • •rt ^ s ^^ §0^ .s CO »o 10 CO 10 03 00 Oi 05 05 ai 00 00 00 00 05 1 r^ T— i tH T— 1 T-l ] 00 I 00 I CO -* ^ CO ^ ^£> lO IC 05 T-l T-l T-4 < tfl h4 w w ^ ^ H J3~ en 4J J3 3 ex s J3 rt g Ch.6) State Digests. 107 is S-p i! B-2 1- -o *J Vh T3 "t! o S o V ^^•s ^ :§.s (U cd „ nl ^ u tn O rt rj n rt cs ■^ Vh " -M ;- " (U -w s o> +^ ^ O I; rt o fe nl c o r! O (U &(tM u ft S « rt bf) ; 1 ?^ rt hf) is ^"S P 2 ^•D P PU fS ^2 '^^ w rS ^ .y a o 5 ^ .y o o . t; •- *^ 'r* -4-* -. S r) o ^ rt •a *" 2 I 1-1 > c •O M : o <" tl "? •o C a n! -t-> ;d^o o u, tn j-1 n! c; V, b >- u Sd J^-^ a g^^ s «.^^ in ire the ca u > •3 "-S 12; a< cij -a o C^,^ G tn (fl C/i cj 00 CO 00 o 00 CO 00 <« rt T3 n) > 4) S ^— ' •^O Q S '^ G iS O ^ s •— > fe^r § T? rt tn 5=M ^ rt S M 1-r 108 List of Digests. (Ch.6 en ^ u CIS (-' C V CA TS (U ■*-" m o 00 00 GO o 1-1 iH O 1 1 ':o CO t3 >H o _o 00 00 "n i-H iH u Ph tn "o > d :z; T-H iH u (ii o en c« +j -M 'r-" T-i -a CO I 0) U KKHHU^Photot ot w > n < 00 T— I I o e3i O in "d u in t3 0) ;3^ 03 -4-» g^ o - J3 o o - T3 05 4-* T3 1 rt 1-1 1 S^ tH "> 53 o in CQ iH CO 1 V-. ^- C c« 00 <3:i 1H 1- C 1 N «L^ o T-I O to OJ -# . (U .S o T— 1 1 i; .« in CO o 1 2> . Cl o s in n hJ^ S^ , a s in .2 1-^ JW J-5 s 8 > ■4-» N.J. Also on "in 1) > Dicki N.J. Also on in p^ o s > Dicki Robb N.J. 1 — »i — »i — »^ g ?> CO t- ^' QO CD o o OO OO C5 05 i-( T-I tH 1 CO t- OO i t- 00 05 ro 00 OO OO t- iH T— 1 iH tH o > rvI^J in o Vh .a C •a c xn c O >-l >. O 4-* ^ U If C c« n Oh < u" .*.» o ■+-» 5^ bJ5 •T3 W "ni /— ^ £^ ^ C/J R in I — , O u 11 ^ O ^ 110 List of Digests. (Ch.6 o > 00 Oi o tH T-i O 1 1 •a o CO 00 'C iH tH 41 P-, CO "o > d Iz; T-l tH tn' O J3 +-• 3 CLh" CO < Si J? E C4 o •^ § g ; s o s S3 go o M U O < ^ k'^ -S <" --S ►S " :z; tii! < £h c« w w o «o w o • o ^ tH tH ^ ii C5 ■* E- 00 rH 1-1 M c G '^ rt o O •4-t J3 a, .5f= B u. n cq U Ch.6) State Digests. Ill r5 V, t/l is •T^ cn :S 4> 1- a c (fl a lU "aj .i^.5 a^ "^.S ^^^ o O s rt pI fC o T-l I 2; I rH i.^ n ' o -H rH 3 D O fe'H I •a Xi PL,pqawMot/i < "^1 »— « TO 3 o 3 O o I iH O o O ■ft !=! 2 ni J3 .^ £- P^ Ji a, ID Oh d, < to " 1 tn 3 c«0 ^„y Y, en W OJ .> s u 'S 'fTt 1 I-l o;^>^ E C a d ^ & W<:2;;z; t« en =« ^ CO o T-l I 00 T-l 4 o o o r-l o as 1-1 I O o 05 o 05 T-H I 05 CO 00 ■* o > tn tn ■^ a a o U 60 •St O J2 >+-i o a u O Q S •a a, O o Oh O ffi o a. Vh U O =i So 112 List of Digests. XCh, 6 g ID I O O H Oh U o (LI O c Oh o CO I o 1-1 a. v X ^ in ^2 P^ a, S E cj a H Iz; S ffi Q p 3 1) _-, o ni 0^ n > ^ in CO " '-I o H-g rt rt O o ^ '-S •^ "^-' o o Sit o en a> CO > 00 o tH t ) 1 •o OS o i> i-< tH u 6 ^ :z; H:r o 3 < a' W ^-^ ^ CO ro 0> in nl O o > >% s > 0! eq Ch.6) State Digests. 113 1 O 1 s Q 3 13 o GO T-l I GO ^ ^<» tH 00 c* CO CS ,"70 T-i iH jWrH 1 C5 1 O N aoH=^ t-H r-l j^ f3 O o u S£^' :z ^ rH j> lO Oi Ci o 00 oc c:. r-H 1 rH 1— t <:o iH 00 ^o C3 as 00 00 GO o > 1 OT r^ ^ i) lO -1 -^ C D /— *\ o " bJO ■^ be ^■o „-P 1^ (U "-^"C ^-^•73 C(J M CS s K o J3 H ^ ,is o £^ TZh o OJ ^ < H O M < P X H P^ O 1 t-) 13 w 13 *3 o "O « :? "S .5 0) O 1) :=! t; rt o O M-i C a o 01 Pi S MH o O s '-^ w h cs -M -B tn •i; +j .^ CO tH 1-1 -t-J cfl •U ba 3 !< o 13 C t— 1 ^-^ d i-ri l-H .» a o ■i-t H Peact.Man,— 8 114 List of Digests. (Ch.6 en u 6 Parallel references to the North- western Reporter and Law- yers' Reports Annotated are added to citations of all cases in this Digest. ■d m bt. 5 to a Dak. 1-6 N. D. 1-11 S. D. 1-15 Northwestern Reporter (Dakota Territory and North and South Dakota cases) 1-93 Also all Dakota Territory and North and South Dakota cases appealed to the United States Supreme and Federal courts during the period covered by the Digest. •d v u V a 'C Ch. 6\ State Digests. 115 Ui o " O o .- O "! £ ii o rt > 0< t en 2^ t; o5J o a, 3 I -t! O 00 'S u, . t< ■u • — tn o o^ -S -G O OOO ad ■£ ^ ^ "? .-a o 1-4 •- ^ (N 0* . U.-S u m 'i s U.2 c S^ "S 1, !^ C a> i-^^xau ooo< o I CO en V Z£> +-» «-M O o a. 2 t.pi° & !-• '(J i o > > 00 o 01 00 I c* CO CO 05 00 o o 03 C3 00 M.J sSP en *j .Cm m u ^ '^ cU r-" *J "o > o > o 'x. O i c c U rj O to •o "^ "1 en u o V O 1^ u, 1 a "a a. s -, 5 yi >" "O c *-> V i^ £§ "O "H-; a o .y (u ^ .s c > > >- f^ h 'S u >. nl .„ D o ^^ f/) §2 easte Deci Ame Law are cases plem 13 1) o S m Ui Pm tn •a o a O he o a p^ I (N S - CO O ft ■4-J ^§ o O I .-a O Oh V S o n3 O 00 °Q 2 .2 oa OO o 'G 4-. i ^ 4- — U , O t/i 13 -* a.-—' o '"' tn w J3 g n S-2 0< O ■" PhCM W3 "TO ri .^ .- o «J ^ '3, ^."^ •- IB Q O 'Z'ZO a-3S ij O u S 3 O O o u < < 3 O (J o a -a o o I o o 05 o CIS ■o 00 r- tH 00 o o o C5 03 03 T-l T— 1 tH >o (?« »o o o o C2 OO Ol CL, o > 6 12; a u p^ U ^— ^ o O bfi c ^ f^Q b/i CJ C •n c u re h4 •3 -. o S O a •S in .y bo Ch.6) State Digests. 117 o CM J3 n o <-' I _ ni rt en Q J3 O "^ ■a hJ o O O >. a, a, rt ■a W 1^ (U o Cli o ■a ^ c -S CIS -d cs u ■tl ■* g 00 O T3 OS 1-1 CLT3 -*-> +j ^ 1-1 u O O r] 00 o Ci tH I o Ci CO o o 43 3 2 o o w w O O en en «43 C JJ .^ f.^ en O .2 C3 fSS^^ •n '^ en OJ u cS - °ii^ o -a -^3 Q *^ iU rt ,„ en 13 H .S3 lu -a /3 2 ni a *- § (U ■" 1- C t-i en O S rt S lO lO lO CO 00 00 05 03 Ci c:> OO 00 00 00 CO 00 7"!' T-l 4 T— 1 1 1 1 CO OG i lO "O lO CO >o OS 00 CO CO 00 00 00 7-1 i-H tH tH tH T— f /"^ 04 ■ o > r-l 1-H iH _!, P ii; 6 -< u cfl en o tn (J- C (U tC d 'o .2 nJ (J o CM -4-* +-* in S n! hr ; • 1 R< " Q 2 P^ O CO (L) t* GO o o 1 Td CO o CO CO o I CO "O CO bfl •73 Q X ^ u •O •O C! >H 1— 1 nl ^ — ' ^ u K Pi ^ 3 i-T ^ ^ G ti3 Ph 1 125 p^ g CO I Ph * in Y*~\ -4-» CO I oa >? Pi <=a I I -M -— ; tn S en =a o U ^ 3 en !_( fMHg "rt O u a, tn ^ . ^ 1) .- g.S - c 1- .2 0< to I O (U .bJ5 P5 -Gh. 6) State Dis:ests. 119 1 1 C .2 i C i a I C3 Pi 'S P^ G I) ^^ 3 rt u 3 o Ph :; > c/) t; 3 O Ph 13 - Ph 13 ; 3 O Ph T3 "'.^^ o o t; o K,-^ s *- en u o T-t m CO T— ) 1 G5 1-1 "rt O !> o d. — t^ u u a, G<* (U o a 3 1 T— 1 1 tH +-» 3 u u O. O in 4J CQ Ih o tn . m en Jn UO 1 p^ 4=a § t i-H en 3 O eu 1 •X3 -a en ^ Pa. 84 Walke Miscel a -1 fu < u tn -4-» O Oh > p^S t; a en • in i-i rt ;-( Qj rt pq m PC P^ p:; w rt rt rt -d en (U "3 o en o >-. Oh ■" 03 ICl o^ 00 00 05 O o:) CO GO Oi 00 -Tl i-H T-l tH 1 1 C5 «l 4 t- 00 C5 lO CO 00 00 i> iH rH tH rH r S a^ 1 s "^■^ ii en ^■^ en » 0) » 0) 4: j: , r— s (Vol pie Fre Brig J" tUO i li: P5 4-» tie o U _o o > d :2; o -4-* 0) Hi CIJ u. " C CO CO ;=; en 3 O O « 1-. ca O w rH O) O a t^- (1) a, o n 0) Pd O n .J s h4 CO -r! TS SQ '^ p; s cn r-\ 3 n O (U o n1 o Pm o, OS O .5 ^ (1> c C o c w < cd CO I rt ■- 3 --I .2-T3 •^3 t^t IH ca T3 ^ ^ o TO u 1- !__( J-: (—1 u -^ 00 00 i-t I CO 00 •T3 3 c4 3 E O P3 3 O Ol 3 (U O >, .2 M Ch. 6), State Digests. 121 o 3 '3 ^ CT' w CO _, I 1-1 ■^S-PI -PSvhI^'^T)"'-,^ ,„:g'^'« r-i S '=9. atlsl^^-ilo .-si-^y-liS-.tlsllla odd lO ■* i-i 00 Oi o 00 00 05 rH tH tH ^L «i 4 i> 00 C5 GO 00 CO w p^ a g «n o O u O ^ tn H S W 122 List of Digests. (Ch. 6 6 1) be o &, Pi > o O O > 6 o J3 +-• . LJ Out/) ;z; 2 s ■^ "O 43 0) rt j^ „ is " O ™ QJ (/) ^ u t/D O) <-'!:! = a; O, =« ^ 0^ o Qj _^ en tn P C s !" c3 t;? b ^ o M J3 O J ^ (1> T3 43 C £ u % c3 .5 fc -4-» o P CO 00 I u O o ^? P^ rt S £ --^ ^ § >' s 1) ni u O J2 rt o ,— . ►7 en tn - ni 1) te ■ ni . O "^ p Igwilz; 3 O •^•'^^Q'S-^P P ;2; wiz; 5 "5 CO ni u 2 o • r -^ Sp n! -a « g 11 nl :d V c? CO .o V ft 1> jj J3 in 4-J D .s Q <; o o I 00 CO o I CD bjO P I X (U -a a O X a o X ft 0) w S^ ■ c; C ft c o m o CO I S^ in wj S ^' en E-i i- ft 2 ■ V a ~ c ft c c O O ni E-iO H UtH OT oo 00 00 05 tn V 4-1 s en n! J* 1 — . be P c >% Xi ^ — ' § bjO lU ^^ =a t o U >;^ H s Ch. 6> State Digests. 123 •5 4^ j: ^ ^ Q uj rt .5 w :§ J O , ^ O rt u in -i_i "S tn lU i", O) tH " a) p ^ o Q ^^^ o tl ,— 1 z: — in u Kn S "" (1h Ph CTJ ir r^ y^ Cg :r *z 1^ < X g- nl tn ri tn Vh OH-il *^ ci3 in g-w ^ a^.^"^ d^ «;=) ^^ j^4< i! d. d ^.<" >!^ p. O '^ lO Oi CO 00 CO CO CO CO -v ^ ^ ^ ^ O <^ Oi iCi o Ttl 2> Z> Oi -ttH 00 CO 00 CO GO •" -30 S C "^ -en *^ a, o y S? ^ ^ Oj ra J? i3 b d '.E 'S -00 s --' ^-^ .2 • c =2 "< -g ^ w ^ § in 4; b/i P '~> h4 > P^ rn ^ P5 >, ^ 1-. '^. y in 3 > CQ 124 List of Digests. (Ch.6 uth- dto Di- 1. the South- American ,n Reports, eports and dded to ci- in this Di- ^ "* 3 Cfi >^ ii5 ^ P re .2 B .."Sp^ =« «j ■C ,. lu C 1" So u S rs 3 a, j3 -^ tn — en (U (U "s t/i u r3 en Ui rv' ' *-• re re OJ Fh - - O ij-i ■ ^-' - 00 o a. o b--P^ en M ^ (U Q o O lO en ^^"-^ ^ 1 •a .en rj en en cS 1-1 t; ^t t ^ S :3 >g<4 s^^ o a, 1-1 tH a 3 <; m 'A X 1) (U ^ P^ S ■- - S 5 1/^ s;^ -re -s a^ o S ° u 42 c^f^ ^ P^ P=i o o •A x' 1 ■^■^l^^-l--^^ •6 o CO ^ CO 00 C5 00 03 05 o tH T-t iH iH 1-1 u 1 1 ^ 4 i TS tH TjH i> oj tH _g oo 00 CO 00 00 'u. T— ( tH T-H Y-l r-t d ft 3 rH iH 1-1 tH lO ^.^ , ^ ^ -4-) tn ?, '55 u OJ (U -(-» « bjo •g bio 1) Q 3 VC S "re 3 O f— 1 3 "O s en u.' C ■| §S i o 1 V-i o ^•o yj 3 < t/i i^ •a S3i s fe^ !> 3 1^ s « O tJ-^ «u o 3 u Ph M fi^ o Ch. 6) State Digests. 125 ft-" C o <-> Oh ,„ ■ ;^ en is T3 T3 =3 rt ^ . h i^ ni c D Id C ni 3 n! o 2 Oh CO O (LI ^ Pi en ^ O "J f^ c - > o •r, M .S3 •c -P in H H O > xn a o U 1 en -M 1 en 1 s ^ O u O, O V ft 3 n > a< o U ft () rj (L> nj (U tn tn OJ > en eu ^ w rt en [el cS -I-' ^ 01 4-t C o m -4-» o tyj r-?, _g lr3 T3 c« 11 •T3 4-» o 3 0) .4-) o u Pi ri 1 en -M nl u. /3 c Oii ^O (U 4~J O T3 en u en Pi u 4J u M -4-^ O en :?'E^mQ <;>•<: ^E-H pq p< ><; o 1—1 I 00 p o Pi o O c 3 Ph 126 List of Digests. (Ch.6 S T3 1 (5 1 3 iiW O 1) IS O w aj -M Amer n Rep eports Annot ions 0) O !3 rt u 5 V n Reporter, ions, America ican State R ers' Reports dIded to citat referenc n Report o g ^ rt J3 ^ 5 -^^ TO Ol .t; «^ o bo rt c rt "rt easte Deci Ame Law are 1) en rt o Ph Ui CU .2 rA C m < I— I O •T3 S o a. ps; ;-< 1) o U 'C o > 6 o O bx) 5 rt o Ol a. a E •a rt c ,H O C bo o c en m rt Oh i-H O tn X, C 'S o CO 00 o TH I 50 C3 00 rt T3 rt c & o •V c rt rt K bo. '^ "O t, rt -> o t;.2 •+H ,, O C rt pari Rep irgi m a^-"c> - 1 (U r-i en ^ tH . rt & rt "o CO 05 Va. 1- W.Va Southe and 2 rt rt > o 1-1 I o CO O b;0 c U3 Ch.6) 3) State Digests. o c/1 u elref orter 11 cas 1- a O U 13 :=! (^ U< C« ^ Ci, '^ O 2 P^ o ^P^ o PL, PL, C/iPL, 127 05 7-1 I ai CO Ci O) T-, I o Ci 00 B'P =? I tn en a a! o Ci 1-1 00- ja u a 3 (U ,43 ^u < U .2" a u g §^ hJ en l-( >-< 1) n^^ CO I cB ni o iJ 5; ^ CO E-i t/i ^^ cc C75 Ci CX) 00 1-1 t-l I I 00 en CO lO CO CO 00 00 CO Ci Ci eJi 00 00 00 lO lO »o Ci Ci Ci OO 00 00 o eji iH I o > Q tn (J J3 o .15 < n o bjo c eu Pi < l-H t-l o Oi (3i I ~» 00 Ci. CO CO iH t eel, 00 CO 00 CO CO rH tH CX a, OT pq 128 List of Digests. (Ch.6 3 X) O 11 1 P c 5 S TO en en en s the South- American ,n Reports, eports and Annotated ions of all en B en u t; en en O 3 c 0) en 4-1 1) 1-. O O en .2 2 C 3 Pi en -S -M (11 '^^ ■*-• -4-' P 6 11 a 'rt o n O en 1) l-< 0) *4H O a. < en C .2 •73 c; i-^ en c - 5-1^ t en >- a Pi en ■4-) ^!^El.§e:§ _fi 3 +-» en o ^ S S m --• en o ex P:! rt b tn atiPi.t; o ^^- o c t-" ac> ■* *-• u 10 1- *j Oi 1 3 - ^p en ti 1 ^- oj "! rH 'r^ _' CO 4-* (U ca 1 >| u > > w ^ ^1 > -d T-I -f LO u O o > O g:> OS O o 1 tH 1 1 CO 1 T-H -o zo o CO .2 CO Ci J> *i^ l—i T-i I-l ^ 6 ^ ^ CO o > 10 t^ d o , -t-J ^ biO 3 en _C < i 1 as P4 en • --1 3 Ph - O, en ni ^— ' ,. o 'A 1— I n rt cs -M n! -" -S tn -4-J O T! U O c-P. S " bJD Reporte Annotate ports Ai added to P en IS 1) -M a S -SP^ Si en weste Repo yers' S.) a o ^ d ( CO CO ^ t; ^ I C C e - — V- rt c ."^ "^ 3 J3 .S S O " 00 o I C5 m o c o tn O I— I o .2 '*^ o -4-1 'rl -4-) o -4-) (U J3 o 'C < n1 .id h-r rt nl a; M-i f-H -T3 "rt 1-1 pmMm^;=) I CO CI 00 1— I I ICI GO CO O 130 List of Digests. (Ch.6 s ■^ o "u .2 iS 4-* o bn H Q T) tn 1) n! •S n! PL, re en to 3 ^-I ,—1 ^m O tH I a o n! v J3 CO I ^ CQ T-1 (J Gi o ;5 cn o I to 2> t m :3 C5 I O c I CO =^ rH ^5 I a^"^ :=3 o -M '-I -o _r ^ is 1, "-I (J a 03 GO tH I -* o I C5 o C5 I o ^^ ca (D S m 3 •4-1 -o t: iJ o •3 »< bX) i) "c* P 3 ' (4 u 3 o Ch.6) . United States Digests. 131 S4 O I QO o r-l I o 03 u •V a a ij-j ti 1 "2 ") H) en h4 en ° M-, Co en ^3 t; rt m Ph C >-« 32 O.^ J> rt -* I U Ci S ^ CO -^ rH ^ « ^ Q '-I T' th- g CO . 13 WW 50 o I CO o en b;o a o o O 3 Ph d o o O P5 k4 e s ^■1 CO •a o '^ a, eu Ph fe 1X4 w a CO >ra 00 .4-» 0^ Oi en 03 (35 T~i jH V 1-1 In CO QJ 1— 1 i ei CO lA 00 <_> CO (3^ [ississippi; — Brown's English Parliamenta- ry Cases; — Brown's English Chancery Re- ports; — Brown's Law Dictionary ; -Brown's Scotch Reports; — Brown's United States Dis- trict Court Reports ; — Brown's U. S. Admi- ralty Reports; — Brown's Michigan Nisi Pri- us Rejwrts; — Brown's Reports, vols. 4-25 Ne- braska; — Brownlow (& Groldesborough's) English Common Pleas Reports; — Brown's Reports, vols. 80-137 Missouri. See, also, Bro. and Browne. Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 293 Browne. Browne's Pennsylvania Reports; — Browne's Reports, vols. 97-114 Massachu- setts; — Browne, New York Civil Procedure. See also Bro. and Brown. Brown A. & B. Brown's United States District Court Reports (Admiralty and Reve- nue Cases). Brown, Adm. Brown's United States Ad- miralty Reiwrts. Brown, Ch. (or Brown Ch. Cas.). Brown's Chancery Cases, English. Brown, Civ. & Adm. Iiaw. Brown's Civil and Admiralty Law. Broxra Ecc. Brown's Ecclesiastical Re- ports, English. Brown N. P. Brown's Michigan Nisi Pri- us Reports. Brown N. P. Cas. Brown's Nisi Prius Cases, English. Brown P. C. Brown's Parliamentary Cas- es, English House of Lords. Brown, Pari. Cas. Brown's Parliamen- tary Cases, English House of Lords. Brown Snp. Dec. Brown's Supplement to Morrison's Dictionary, Session Cases, Scot- land. Brown Syn. Brown's Synopsis of Deci- sions, Scotch. Brown. & Gold. Brownlow & Goldesbor- ough's English Common Pleas Reports. Brown & H. Brown & Hemingway's Re- ports, vols. 53-58 Mississippi. Brown. & Iiush. Browning & Lushing- ton's English Admiralty Reports. Browne, Div. Browne's Divorce Court Practice. Browne N. B. C. Browne's National Bank Cases. Browne, Prob. Pr. Bro^vxie's Probate Practice. Browne & Gray. Browne & Gray's Re- ports, vols. 110-111 Massachusetts. Browne & Macn. Browne & Macnama- ra's English Railway and Canal Cases. Brownl. (or Brownl. & Gold.). Brown- low & Ooldesborough's English Common Pleas Reports. Bru. (or Bruce). Bruce's Scotch Court of Session Reports. Bmn. Brunner's Collective Cases, Unit- ed States. Brnnk. Ir. Dig. Brunker's Irish Com- mon Law Digest. Brnnner Sel. Cas. Brunner's Selected Cases United States Circuit Courts. Bt. Benedict's United States District Court Reports. Bnch. Buchanan's (Elben J. or James) Reports, Cape of Good Hope. Bnch. Cas. (or Tr.). Buchanan's Re- markable Criminal Cases, Scotland. Bnch. Ct. Ap. Cape G. H. Buchanan's Court of Appeals Reports, Cape of Good Hope. Bnch. E. Cape G. H. E. Buchanan's Re- ports, Cape of Good Hope. Bnch. E. D. Cape G. H. Buchanan's Eastern District Reports, Cape of Good I-Iope. Bueh. J. Cape G. H. J. Buchanan's Re- ports, Cape of Good Hope. Buck. Buck's English Cases in Bank- ruptcy;— Buck's Reports, vols. 7-8 Montana. Buck. Cooke. Bucknill's Cooke's Cases of Practice, Common Pleas. Buck. Dec. Buckner's Decisions (in Free- man's Mississippi Chancery Reports). Buff. Super. Ct. Sheldon's Superior Court Reports, Buffalo, New York. Bull. N. P. Buller's Law of Nisi Prius, English. Bull. & C. Dig. Bullard & Curry's Lou- isiana Digest. Bnller MSS. 3 Buller's Paper Books, Lincoln's Inn Library. Bulst. Bulstrode's English King's Bench Reports. Bump, Fraud. Conv. Bump on Fraudu- lent Conveyances. Bump N. C. Bump's Notes on Constitu- tional Decisions. Bunb. Bunbury's English Exchequer Re- ports. Bur. Burnett's Reports, Wisconsin. Bur. (or Burr.). Burrow's English King's Bench Reports. Bur. M. Burrow's Reports tempore Mans- field. Burf. Burford's Reports, vols. 6-9 Okla- homa. Burg. Dig. Burgwyn's Digest Maryland Reports. Burge, Confl. liaw. Burge on the Con- flict of Laws. Burge, Sur. Burge on Suretyship. Burgess. Burgess' Reports, vols. 46-49 Ohio State. Burke Tt. Burke's Celebrated Trials. Burks. Burks' Reports, vols. 91-97 Vir- ginia. Burlamaciui. Burlamaqui's Natural & Political Law. Burlesque Reps. Skillman's New York Police Reports. Burm. L. B. Burmah Law Reports. Burn, Diet. Burn's Law Dictionary. Burn, Ecc. Law. Burn's Ecclesiastical Law. Burnet. Burnet's Manuscript Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. Burnett. Burnett's Wisconsin Reports; — Burnett's Reports, vols. 20-22 Oregon. Burr. Burrow's English King's Bench Reports. Burr. S. C. (or Sett. Cas.). Burrows' English Settlement Cases. Burr Tr. Bob. Burr's Trial, reported by Robertson. Burrill. Burrill's Law Dictionary. Burrill, Circ. Er. Burrill on Circum- stantial Evidence. 294 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 Bnrrill, Pr. BurriU's Practice. Burrow. Burrow's Reports, English King's Bench. Barrow, Sett. Cas. Burrow's English Settlement Cases. Bnrt. Cas. Burton's Collection of Cases and Opinions. Bnrt. Real Prop. Burton on Real Prop- erty. Bnrt. Sc. Tr. Burton's Scotch Trials. Bn^. Busbee's Law Reports, North Caro- lina. Bnsb. Cr. Dig. Busbee's Criminal Di- gest, North Carolina. Bnsb. Eq. Busbee's Equity Reports, North Carolina. Bash. Bush's Reports, Kentucky. Bntl. Co. Litt. Butler's Notes to Coke on Littleton. Bntl. Hor. Jar. Butler's Horae Jurldicse Subsecivae. Bntt's Sh. Butt's Edition of Shower's English King's Bench Reports. Boston. Buxton's Reports, vols. 12.3-126 North Carolina. Byles, Bills. Byles on BUls. Bynk. Bynkershoek on the Law of War. Bynk. Obs. Jnr. Rom. Bynkershoek, Ob- servationum Juris Romani Librl Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 295 c C. Cowen's Reports, New York; — Con- necticut;— California; — Colorado; — • Canada (Province). C. B. Ctiief Baron of the Exchequer ; — Common Bench; — Iflugllsh Common Bench Reports by Manning, Granger & Scott. C. B. N. S. Common Bench Reports, New- Series. C. B. B. Oour de Blanc de la Reine, Que- bec. C. C. A. United States Circuit Court of Appeals Reports. C. C. C. Choice Cases in Chancery. C. C. Chr. Chancery Cases Chronicle, Ontario. C. C. E. Caines' Cases in. Error, New York;— Cases of Contested Elections. C. C. L. C. Civil Code, Quebec. C.CB. Code of Civil Procedure, Quebec C. C. Snpp. City Court Reports, Supple- ment New York. C. D. Commissioner's Decisions, United States Patent Office; — ^Century Digest. C. E. Gr. C. E. Greene's New Jersey Eq- uity Reports. C. H. & A. Carrow, Hamerton & Allen's New Sessions Cases, English. C. J. C. Couper's Judiciary Cases, Scot- land. C. J. Can. Corpus Juris Canonici. C. J. Civ. Corpus Juris Civilis. C. li. Ch. Common Law Chamber Reports, Ontario. C. Ii. P. Act. English Common Law Pro- cedure Act C. I.. B. Common Law Reports, printed by Spottiswoode; — "English Common Law Reports" (1853-1855). C. M. & B. Crompton, Meeson & Roscoe, English Exchequer Reports. C. N. Code Napolfion. C. N. Conf . Cameron & Norwood's North Carolina Conference Reports. C. N. P. Cases at Nisi Prius. C. N. P. C. Campbell's Nisi Prius Cases. C. O. Common Orders. C. of C. E. Cases of Contested Elections, United States. C. P. C. Code of Civil Procedure, Quebec. C. P. C. (op Coop.). C. P. Cooper's Eng- lish Chancery Practice Cases. C. P. C. t. Br. C. P. Cooper's English Chancery Reports tempore Brougham. C. P. C. t. Cott. C. P. Cooper's English Chancery Reports tempore Cottenham. C. P. Cooper. Cooper's English Chan- cery. C. P. D. (op C. p. Div.). Common Pleas Division, English Law Reports (1875-1880). C. P. Q. Code of Civil Procedure, Quebec (1897). C. P. Bep. Common Pleas Reporter, Scranton, Pennsylvania. C. P. IT. C. Common Pleas Reports, Up- per Canada. C. Pp. Code of Procedure ; — Code de Pro- cedure Civile. C. B. Chancery Reports;— Code Report- er, New York. C. B. N. S. Code Reports, New Series, New York. C. Bob. C. Robinson, English Admiralty. C. Bob. Adm. Christopher Robinson's Reports on English Admiralty. C. S. Court of Session, Scotland. C. S. B. C. Consolidated Statutes, British Columbia. C. S. C. Consolidated Statutes of Can- ada, 1859. C. S. L. C. Consolidated Statutes, Lower Canada. C. S. M. Consolidated Statutes of Mani- toba. C. S. N. B. Consolidated Statutes of New Brunswick. C. S. U. C. Consolidated Statutes of Up- per Canada, 1859. C. S. & J. Cushlng, Storey & Josselyn's Election Cases. See vol. 1 Cushing's Elec- tion Oases, Massachusetts. C. S. & P. (Craigle, Stewart &) Paton's Scotch Appeal Cases. C. rt. K. Cases tempore King (Macnagh- ten's Select Chancery Cases, English). C. t. N. 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Exchequer Division, English Law Reports. Exch. Rep. Exchequer Reports. Byre. Eyre's Reports, English. Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 309 F. Federal Reporter; — Fltzberbert's Abridgment. F. Abr. Fltzberbert's Abridgment Is com- monly referred to by tbe otber law writers by tbe title and number of the placlta only, e. g. "copon, 30." F. B. C. Fonblanque's Bankruptcy Cases. F. B. R. Full Bench. Rulings, Bengal. F. B. R. N. W. P. Full Bench Rulings, Northwest I>rovinces, India. F. O. Federal Cases. F. N. B. Fltzberbert's Natura Brevium. F. R. Federal Reporter. F. & F. Foster & Finlason's EJnglish Nisi Prius Reports. F. & Titz. Falconer & Fltzberbert's Eng- lish Election Cases. F. & J. Bank. Be Gex. Fisher & Jones' English Bankruptcy Reports. F. & S. Fox and Smith's Irish King's Bench Reports. Fairfield. Fairfield's Reports, vols. 10-12 Maine. Falc. Falconer's Scotch Court of Session Cases. Falc. & Fitz. Falconer & Fitzherbert's English Election Oases. Fam. Cas. Cir. Ev. Famous Cases of Cir- cumstantial Evidence, by Phillips. Far. (op Farr.). Farresley (see Farres- ley). Farresley. Farresley's Reports, vol. 7 Modem Reports ; — Farresley's Cases In Holt's King's Bench Reports. Fearne, Rem. Feame on Contingent Re- mainders. Fed. Federal Reporter. Fed. Ca. (or Cas.). Federal Cases. Fed. Cas. No. Federal Case Number. Fed. R. (or Rep.). Federal Reporter. Fent. Imp. Judg. Fenton's Important Judgments, New Zealand. Fent. N. Z. Fenton's New Zealand Re- ports. Ferard, Fist. Amos & Ferard on Fix- tures. Ferg. Cons. Fergusson's (Scotch) Oonsis- torial Reports. Fergusson. (Fergusson of) Kilgerran's Scotch Session Cases. Ferriere. Ferriere's Dictionnaire de Droit et de Pratique. Fessen, Pat. Fessenden on Patents. Fend. lib. The Book of Feuds. See this dictionary, g. v. "Liber Feudorum." Ff. Pandectaj (Juris Civilis). Field, Corp. Field on Corporations. Fin. Finch's English Chancery Reports; — Pinlason (see Flnl.). Fincb. English Chancery Reports tem- pore Finch. Finch Ins. Dig. Finch's Insurance W- gest Finch Ij. C. Finch's Land Cases. Finl. L. C. Finlason's Leading Cases on Pleading. Finl. Rep. Finlason's Report of the Gur- ney Case. First pt. Edw. III. Part II of the Year Books. First pt. H. VI. Part VII of the Year Books. Fish. Fisher's United States Patent Cas- es; — Fisher's United States Prize Cases. Fish. Cas. Fisher's Cases, United States District Courts. Fish. Mortg. Fisher on Mortgages. Fish. Pat. (or Fish. Pat. Cas.). Fisher's United States Patent Cases. Fish. Pat. Rep. Fisher's United States Patent Reports. Fish. Prize (or Pr. Cas.). Fisher's Unit- ed States Prize Cases. Fitz. Fitzherbert's Abridgment (see F. & Fitz.). Fitzg. Fitzgibbon's English King's Bench Reports. Fitzh. Abr. Fitzherbert's Abridgment. Fitzh. N. B. (or Nat. Brev.). Fitzher- bert's New Natura Brevium. Fl. Fleta;— Flanders (see Fland.). Fl. & K. (or Fl. & Kel.) . Managan & Kel- ly's Irish Bolls Court Reports. Fla. Florida; — Florida Reports. Flan. & Kel. Flanagan & Kelly's Irish Rolls Court Reports. Fleta. Fleta, Commentarius Juris Angli- cani. Flip. Flippin's United States Circuit Court Reports. Flor. Florida; — Florida Reports. Fogg. Fogg's Reports, vols. 32-37 New Hampshire. Fol. P. Ii. Cas. Foley's Poor Law Cases. Fonbl. Fonblanque's Equity; — Fon- blanque on Medical Jurisprudence; — Fon- blanque's New Reports, English Bankruptcy. Fonbl. Eq. Fonblanque's Equity. Fonbl. B. Fonblanque's English Cases (or New Reports) in Bankruptcy. For. Forrest's Exchequer Reports; — For- rester's Chancery Reports (Cases tempore Talbot). For. Cas. & Op. Forsyth's Cases and Opinions. For. de Iiaud. Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum Angli£E. Forb. Forbes' Decisions in tbe Scotch Court of Session. Forb. Inst. Forbes' Institutes of tbe Law of Scotland. Forman. Forman's Reports, Illinois, ports; — Forrester's English Chancery Cases Forr. Forrest's English Eixchequer Re- (commonly cited. Cases temtiore Talbot), 310 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 Forrest. Forrest's Reports, English Ex- chequer. Fors. Cas. & Op. Forsyth's Cases and Opinions on Constitutional Law. Fort. Fortescue's English King's Bench, Reports. Fortes. Fortescue's Reports, English Courts. Fortes, de Laud. Fortescue, De Laudibus Legum Anglise. Forum. Forum (periodical). Baltimore and New York. Foss, Judg. Foss' Judges of England. Fost. Foster's English Crown Law or Crown Cases; — Foster's Xew Hampshire Re- ports;— Foster's Legal Chronicle Reports, Pennsylvania; — Foster's Reports, vols. 5, 6 and 8 Hawaii. Fost. Cr. liaw. Foster, Crown Law. Fost. on Sci. Fa. Foster on the Writ of Scire Facias. Fost. & Fin. Foster & Finlason's English Klsi Prius Reports. Foster. Foster's English Crown Law; — Legal Chronicle Reports (Pennsylvania), edit- ed by Foster; — Foster's New Hampshire Re- ports. Fount. Fountainhall's Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. Fowl. Ii. Cas. Fowler's Leading Cases on Collieries. Fox. Fox's Reports, English. Fox Reg. Ca. Fox's Registration Cases. Fox & Sm. Fox & Smith's Irish King's Bench Reports. Fr. Freeman's English King's Bench and Chancery Reports; — Fragment. Fr. Ch. Freeman's English Chancery Re- ports; — Freeman's Mississippi Chancery Re- ports. Fr. E. C. Fraser's Election Cases. Fran. Max. Francis' Maxims of Equity. Franc. Judg. Franclllon's Judgments, County Courts. France. France's Reports, vols. 3-11 Colorado. Fras. Elec. Cas. Fraser's English Elec- tion Cases. Fraser. Fraser's English Cases of Con- troverted Elections. Fraz. (or Fraz. Adm.). Frazer's Admi- ralty Cases, etc., Scotland. Free. Freeman's English King's Bench Reports, vol. 1 Freeman's King's Bench Re- ports and vol. 2 Freeman's Chancery Re- ports. See also Freem. Free. Ch. Freeman's English Chancery Reports ; — Freeman's Mississippi Chancery Reports. Freem. (III.). Freeman's Reports, Illinois. Freem. C. C. Freeman's English Chan- cery Cases. Freem. Compar. Politics. Freeman, Comparative Politics. Freem. Jndgm. Freeman on Judgments. Freem. K. B. Freeman's English King's Bench Reports. Fries Tr. Trial of John Fries (Treason). Frith. Opinions Attorneys-General, pt. 2, vol. 21. Full B. R. FuU Bench Rulings, Bengal (or Northwestern Provinces). Fnller. Fuller's Reports, vols. 59-105 Michigan. Fulton. Fulton's Reports, Bengal, Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations, 311 G. Gale's Englisli Excbequer Reports. G. Coop, (or Cooper). G. Cooper's Eng- lish Chancery. G. Gr. G. Greene's Iowa Reports. G. M. Dudl. G. M. Dudley's Georgia Re- ports. G. O. General Orders, Court of Chancery, Ontario. G. & D. Gale & Davidson's English Queen's Bench Reports. G. & G. Goldsmith & Guthrie, Missouri. G. & J. Gill & Johnson's Maryland Re- ports; — Glyn & Jameson's English Bankrupt- cy Reports. G. & T. Gould & Tucker's Notes on Re- vised Statutes of United States. Ga. Georgia; — Georgia Reports. Ga. Dec. Georgia Decisions. Ga. Supp. Lester's Supplement, vol. 33 Georgia. Gains. Gains' Institutes. Gal. Gallison's Reports, United States Circuit Courts. Galb. & M. Galbraith & Meek's Reports, vol. 12 Florida. Galbraith. Galbraith's Reports, vols. 9- 12 Florida. Gale. Gale's English Exchequer Reports. Gale, Easem. Gale on Easements. Gale & Dav. Gale & Davison's Queen's Bench Reports. Gall. Gallison's Reports, United States Circuit Courts. Gall. Cr. Cas. Gallick's Reports (French Criminal Cases). Gamb. & Barl. Gamble & Barlow's Di- gest, Irish. GanttDig. Gantt's Digest Statutes, Ar- kansas. Gard. N. Y. Rept. Gardenier's New York Reporter. Gardenbire. Gardenhire's Reports, vols. 14, 15 Missouri. Gardn. P. C. Gardner Peerage Case, re- ported by Le Marchant. Gaspar. Gaspar's Small Cause Court Re- ports, Bengal. Gayarre. Gayarrfi's Reports, vols. 25-28 Louisiana Annual. Gaz. Bank. Gazette of Bankruptcy, Lon- don. Gaz. Dig. Gazzam's Digest of Bankrupt- cy Decisions. Gaz. & B. C. Rep. Gazette & Bankrupt Court Reporter, New York. Geld. & M. Geldart & Haddock's English Chancery Reports, vol. 6 Maddock's Reports. Geld. .& Ox. Nova Scotia Decisions, by Geldert & Oxley. Geld. & R. Geldert & Russell, Nova Sco- tia. Geldart. Geldart & Maddock's English Chancery Reports, vol. 6 Maddock's Reports. Gen. Abr. Cas. Eq. General Abridgment of Cases in Equity (Equity Cases Abridged). Gen. Dig. General Digest American and English Reports. Gen. Iiaws. General Laws. Gen. Ord. General Orders, Ontario Court of Chancery. Gen. Ord. Ch. General Orders of the Eng- lish High Court of Chancery. Gen. St. General Statutes. Geo, Georgia; — Georgia Reports; — King George (as 13 Geo. II.). Geo. Coop. George Cooper's English Chan- cery Cases, time of Eldon. Geo. Dec. Georgia Decisions. Geo. Dig. George's Digest, 'Mississippi. George. George's Reports vols. 30-39 Mississippi. Gib. Cod. Gibson's Codex Juris Ecclesi- astical Anglicani. Gib. Dec. Gibson's Scottish Decisions. Gibbon, Rom. Emp. Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Gibbs. Gibbs' Reports, vols. 2-4 Michigan. Gibbs' Jud. Chr. Gibbs' Judicial Chron- icle. Gibs. Camd. Gibson's [edition of] Cam- den's Britannia. Gibson. (Gibson of) Durie's Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. Gif. (or Gifl.). Giffard's English Vice- Chancellors' Reports. Gif. & Fal. Gilmour & Falconer's Scotch Session Cases. GifE. & H. Giffard and Hemming's Re- ports, English Chancery. Gil. Gilfillan's Edition, vols. 1-20 Minne- sota; — Gilman's Reports, vols. 6-10 Illinois; — Gilmer's Virginia Reports; — Gilbert's Eng- lisb Chancery Reports;— Gilbert's English Cases in Law and Equity. Gilb. Gilbert's Reports, English Chan- cery. Gilb. Cas. Gilbert's English Cases in Law and Equity. Gilb. Ch. Gilbert's English Chancery Re- ports. Gilb. Com. PI. Gilbert's Common Pleas. Gilb. Eq. Gilbert's English Equity or Chancery Reports. Gilb. Forum Rom. Gilbert's Forum Bo- manum. Gilb. Rep. Gilbert's English Chancery Re- ports. Gilb. Ten. Gilbert on Tenure. Gilb. Uses. Gilbert on Uses and Trusts. Gild. Gildersleeve's Reports, vols. 1-8 New Mexico. Gilfillan. Gilfillan's Edition of Minne- sota Reports. Gill. Gill's Maryland Reports. Gill Pol. Rep. Gill's Police Court Re- ports, Boston, Massachusetts. 312 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 GUI & J. (Md.). Gill & Johnson's Re- ports, Maryland. Gill & Johns. Gill & Johnson's Mary- land Reports. Gilm. Gilman's Reports, vols. 6-10 Illi- nois; — Gilmer's Reports, Virginia; — Gil- mour's Reports, Scotch Court of Session. Gilm. Dig. Gilman's Digest, Illinois and Indiana. Gilm. & Falc. Gilmour & Falconer's Re- ports, Scotch Court of Session. Gilp. Gilpin's United States District Court Reports. Gilp. Opin. Gilpin's Opinions of the United States Attorneys-General. Gl. & J. Glyn & Jameson's langllsh Bank- ruptcy Reports. Glan. lib. Glanville, De Legibus et Con- suetudlnibus Anglise. Glanv. (or Glaniril.). Glanville, De Legi- bus et Consuetudini'bus Anglise. Glanv. El. Cas. Glanville's English Elec- tion Cases. Glas. (or Glasc). Glascock's Reports in all the Courts of Ireland. Glenn. Glenn's Reports, vols. 16-18 Lou- isiana Annual. Glov. Mnn. Corp. Glover on Municipal Oornorations. Glyn & Jam. Glyn & Jameson's Reports, English Bankruptcy. Go. Goebel's Probate Court Cases. Godb. Godbolt's Eiiglish King's Bench Reports. Godo. Godolphin's Abridgment of Eccle- siastical Law; — Godolphin on Admiralty Ju- risdiction; — Godolphin's Orphan's Legacy; — Godolphin's Repertorium Canonicum. Godol. Ece. Iiaw. Godolphin's Abridg- ment of Ecclesiastical Law. Goeb. Goebel's Probate Court Cases. Gold, (or Goldes.). Goldesborough's or Gouldsborough's English King's Bench Re- ports. Gold. & G. Goldsmith & Guthrie's Re- ports, vols. 36-67 Missouri Appeals. Good. Pat. Goodeve's Abstract of Patent Cases. Good. & VTood. Full Bench Rulings, Ben- gal, edited by Goodeve & Woodman. Gordon. Gordon's Reports, vols. 24-26 Colorado and vols. 10-13 Colorado Appeals. Gosf. Gosford's Manuscript Reports, Scotch Court of Session. Gonld. Gouldsborough's English King's Bench Reports. Gonld, PI. Gould on Pleading. Gould & T. Gould & Tucker's Notes on Revised Statutes of United States. Go-nr (or Gow N. P.). Gow's English Nisi Prius Cases. Gr. Grant's Cases, Pennsylvania ;— Green's New Jersey Reports ; — Greenleaf's Maine Re- ports; — Grant's Cases, Canada; — Grant's Chancery Reports, Ontario. Gr. Ca. Grant's Cases. Gr. Eq. (or Ch.). (H. W.) Green's New Jersey Equity Reports; — Gresley's Equity Evidence. Gra. Grant (see Grant) ; — Graham's Re- ports, vols. 98-107 Georgia. Grand Con. Grand Coutumier de Nor- mandie. Granger. Granger's Reports, vols. 22-23 Ohio State. Grant. Grant's Upper Canada Chancery Reports; — Grant's Pennsylvania Cases; — (Grant of) Elchies' Scotch Session Oases; — Grant's Jamaica Reports. Grant, Bank. Grant on Banking. Grant Cas. Grant's Pennsylvania Cases. Grant Ch. Grant's Upper Canada Chan- cery Reports. Grant, Corp. Grant on Corporations. Grant E. & A. Grant's Error and Ap- peal Reports, Ontario. Grant, Jamaica. Grant's Jamaica Re- ports. Grant Pa. Grant's Pennsylvania Cases. Grant TJ. C. Grant's Upper Canada Chan- cery Reports. Grat. (or Gratt.). Grattan's Virginia Re- ports. Grav. de Jnr. Nat. Gent. Gravina, De Jure Naturale Gentium, etc. Gravin. Gravina, Originum Juris Civilis. Gray. Gray's Massachusetts Reports ; — Gray's Reports, vols. 112-122 North Caro- lina. Green. Green's New Jersey Law or Eq- uity Reports; — Green's Reports, vols. 11-17 Rhode Island; — G. Greene's Iowa Reports; — Greenleaf's Reports, vols. 1-9 Maine; — Green's Reports, vol. 1 Oklahoma. Green (C. E.). C. E. Green's Chancery Reports, New Jersey. Green Ch. H. W. Green's New Jersey Chancery Reports, vols. 2—1 New Jersey Eq- uity. Green Cr. I<. Rep. Green's Criminal Law Reports. Green L. (or N. J.). J. S. Green's Law Reports, vols. 13-15 New Jersey Law. Green. Ov. Cas. Greenleaf's Overruled Cases. Green So. Tr. Green's Scottish Trials for Treason. Greene. G. Greene's Iowa Reports ; — C. E. Green's New Jersey Equity Reports, vols. lG-27 New Jersey Equity; — Greene's Reports, vol. 7 New York Annotated Cases. Greene G. Greene's Iowa Reports. Greenl. Greenleaf's Reports, vols. 1-9 Maine. Greenl. Crnise. Greenleaf's Cruise ou Real Property. Greenl. Ev. Greenleaf on Evidence. Greenl. Ov. Cas. Greenleaf's Overruled Cases. Green's Brice, Ultra Vires. Green's Edi- tion of Brice's Ultra Vires. Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 313 Gren. Grenier's Ceylon Reports. Gres. Eq. Ev. Gresley's Equity Evidence. Grif . L. Reg. Griffith's Law Register, Burlington, New Jersey. , Grif. P. R. Cas. Griffith's English Poor Rate Cases. Grifath. Griffith's Reports, vols. 1-5 In- diana Appeals and vols. 117-132 Indiana. Grisw. Griswold's Reports, vols. 14-19 Ohio. Gto. Grotius, De Jure Belli et Pacis. Gro. de J. B. Grotius, De Jure Belli et Pads. Grot, de Jur. B. Grotius, De Jure Belli et Pacis. Gnizot, Hist. Civilization. Guizot, Gen- eral History of Civilization in Europe. Gnizot, Rep. Govt. Guizot, History of Representative Government. Gnndrjr. Gundry Manuscript, Lincoln's Inn Library. Guth. Sh. Cas. Guthrie's Sheriff Court Cases, Scotland. Gnthrie. Guthrie's Reports, vols. 33-83 Missouri Appeals. Gny, Med. Jnr. Guy, Medical Jurispru- dence. Gnyot, Inst. Feod. Guyot, Institutes Feodales. Gwil. Ti. Cas. Gwillim's Tithe Cases. 314 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 H H. Howard's United States Supreme Oourt Reports; — Hill's New York Reports. H. Bl. Henry Blackstone's English Com- mon Pleas Reports. H. C. R. High Court Reports, India. H. C. R. N. W. P. Higli Cotirt Reports, Northwest Provinces, India. H. E. C. Hodgin's Election Cases, Ontario. H. Ij. (or H. L. Cas.)- House of Lords Cases. H. L. Rep. English House of Lords Re- ports. H. P. C. Hale's Pleas of the Crown; — Hawkins' Pleas of the Crown. H. W. Gr. H. W. Green's New Jersey Eq- uity Reports. H. & B. Hudson & Brooke's Irish King's Bench Reports. H. & C. Hurlstone & Coltman's English Exchequer Reports. H. & D. Lalor's Supplement to Hill & Demo's New York Reports. H. & G. Harris & Gill's Maryland Re- ports ; — Hurlstone & Gordon's English Re- ports. H. & H. Horn & Hurlstone's English Ex- chequer Reports; — Harrison & Hodgin's Mu- nicipal Reports, Upper Canada. H. & J. Harris & Johnson's Maryland Re- ports; — Hayes & Jones' Exchequer Reports, Ireland. H. & M. Hening & Munford's Virginia Reports ; — Hemming & Miller's English Vice- Chancellors' Reports. H. & M. Ch. Hemming & Miller's English Vice-Chancellors' Reports. H. & McH. Harris & McHenry's Mary- land Reports. H. & N. Hurlstone & Norman's English Exchequer Reports. H. & P. Hopwood & Philbrick's English Election Cases. H. & R. Harrison & Rutherford's English Common Pleas Reports. H. & S. Harris & Simrall, Mississippi. H. & T. Hall & Twell's English Chancery Reports. H. & T. Self-Def . Horrigan & Thomp- son's Cases on the Law of Self-Defense. H. & W. Harrison & Wollaston's English King's Bench Reports; — Hurlstone & Walms- ley's English Exchequer Reports. Ha. Hare's Chancery Reports; — Hall;— Haggard. Ha. & Tw. Hall & Twell's English Chan- cery Reports. Had. Haddington; — Hadley's Reports, vols. 45-48 New Hampshire. Haddington. Haddington's Manuscript Reports, Scotch Court of Session. Hadl. Hadley's Reports, vols. 45-48 New Hampshire. Hadl. Rom. Iiaw. Hadley's Introduction to the Roman Law. Hadley. Hadley's Reports, vols. 45-48 New Hampshire. Hag. (op Hagg.) Adm. Haggard's English Admiralty Reports. Hag. (or Hagg.) Con. Haggard's English Consistory Reports. Hag. (or Hagg.) Ecc. Haggard's English Ecclesiastical Reports. Hagan. Hagan's Reports, vols. 1-2 Utah. Hagans. Hagans' Reports, vols. 1-5 West Virginia. Hagg. See Hag. Hagg. Consist. Haggard's Consistory Re- ports, English. Hagn. & Mill. Hagner & Miller's Re- ports, vol. 2 Maryland Chancery. Hailes. Hailes' Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. Hal. Law. Halsted's New Jersey Law Re- ports. Hale. Min. Cas. Halcomb's Mining Cas- es, London, 1826. Hale. Hale's Reports, vols. 33-37 Cali- fornia. Hale, Anal. Hale's Analysis of the Law. Hale C. Ij. (or Com. Iiaw). Hale's His- tory of the Common Law. Hale, Be Jure Mar. Hale, De Jure Maris. Hale Ecc. Hale's Ecclesiastical Reports, English. Hale, Hist. Eng. Law. Hale's History of the English Law. Hale P. C. Hale's Pleas of the Crown. Hale Prec. Hale's Precedents in (Ecclesi- astical) Criminal Cases. Halk. Halkerston's Compendium of Scotch Faculty Decisions; — Halkerston's Digest of the Scotch Marriage Law; — ^Halkerston's Latin Maxims. Halk. Comp. Halkerston's Compendium of Scotch Faculty Decisions. Halk. Lat. Max. Halkerston's Latin Maxims. Hall. Hall's New York Superior Court Reports; — Hall's Reports, vols. 56, 57 New Hampshire ; — Hallett's Reports, vols. 1, 2 Colorado. Hall. Const. Hist. Hallam's Constitu- tional History of England. Hall, Emerig. Mar. Loans. Hall, Essay on Maritime Loans from the French of iSm- grigon. Hall, Int. Law. Hall on International Law. Hall, Marit. Loans. Hall, Essay on Jlar- itime Loans from the French of :6m6rigon. Hall, Mex. Law. Hall, Laws of Mexico Relating to Real Property, etc. Hall. Middle Ages. Hallam's Middle Ages. Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 315 Hall, Profits d. Prendre. Hall, Treatise on the Law Relating to Pi-ofits a Prendre, etc. Hall & Tw. Hall & Twell's Reports, Eng- lish Chancery. Hallam, Mid. Ages. Hallam's Middle Ages. Hallett. Hallett's Reports, vols. 1, 2 Col- orado. Hallifax, Anal, (or Civil Law). Halli- fax's Analysis of the Civil Law. Hals. Halsted's New Jersey Law Re- ports. Hals. Ch. (or Eq.). Hulsted's New Jersey Equity Reports. Ham. Hammond's Nisi Prius i — Ham- mond's Reports, vols. 1-9 Ohio. Ham. A. & O. Hammerton, Allen & Otter, English Magistrates' Cases, vol. 3 New Ses- sions Cases. Ham. N. P. Hammond's Nisi Prius. Ham. Parties. Hammond on Parties to Action. Hamel, Cast. Hamel's Laws of the Cus- toms. Hamilton. (Hamilton of) Haddington's Manuscript Cases, Scotch Court of Session; — Hamilton, American Negligence Cases. Hamlin. Hamlin's Reports, vols. 81-93 Maine. Hammond. Hammond's Reports, vols. 1- 9 Ohio; — Hammond's Reports, vols. 36-45 Georgia. Hammond & Jackson. Hammond & Jackson's Reports, vol. 45 Georgia. Han. Handy's Ohio Reports. Han. (or Han. [N. B.]). Hannay's Re- ports, vols. 12, 13, New Brunswick. Hand. Hand's Reports, vols. 40-45 New York; — Handy's Ohio Reports. Handy. Handy's Ohio Reports. Hanes. Hanes' English Chancery. Hanmer. Lord Kenyon's Notes (English King's Bench Reports), edited by Hanmer. Hann. Hannay's Reports, vols. 12, 13, New Brunswick. Hansb. Hansbrough's Reports, vols. 76- 90 Virginia. Har. Harmonized; — Harrison (see Harr.) ; — Harrington's Chancery Reports, Michigan. Har. (Del.). Harrington's Reports, vols. 1-5 Delaware. Har. St. Tr. Hargrave's State Trials. Har. & Grill. Harris & Gill's Maryland Reports. Har. & J. (Md.). Harris & Johnson's Maryland Reports. Har. & John. Harris & Johnson's Mary- land Reports. Har. & McH. Harris & McHenry's Mary- land Reports. Har. & Ruth. Harrison & Rutherford's English Common Pleas Reports. Har. & Woll. Harrison & Wollaston's English King's Bench Reports. Hare. Harcarse's Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. Hard, (or Hardin). Hardin's Kentucky Reports. Hard, (or Hardres). Hardres' English Exchequer Reports. Hardes. Hardesty, Delaware Term Re- ports. Hardr. (or Hardres). Hardres' English Exchequer Reports. Hardw. Cases tempore Hardwicke, by Ridgeway; — Cases tempore Hardwicke, by Lee. Hare. Hare's English Vice-Chancellors' Reports. Hare & Wal. L. C. American Leading Oases, edited by Hare & Wallace. Harg. Hargrave's State Trials; — Har- grove's Reports, vols. 68-75 North Carolina. Harg. Co. litt. Hargrave's Notes to Coke on Littleton. Harg. Irts. Holt R. of R. Holt's Rule of the Road Cases. Holthonse. Holthouse's Law Dictionary. Holtz. Enc. 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Howard's New York Court of Appeals Cases; — Howard's Popery Cases. How. Cr. Tr. Howison's Criminal Trials, Virginia. How. N. S. Howard's New York Practice Reports, New Series. How. Pr. Howard's New York Practice Reports. How. Pr. N. S. Howard's New York Prac- tice Reports, New Series. How. Prao. (N. Y.). Howard's New York Practice Reports. How. S. C. (or U. S.). Howard's United States Supreme Court Reports, How. St. Tr. (or State Tr.). Howell's English State Trials. 318 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 How. & Beat. Howell & Beatty's Reports, vol. 22 Nevada. How. & Nor. Howell & Norcross' Reports, vols. 23, 2-i Nevada. Howell N. P. Howell's Nisi Prius Re- ports, Michigan. Hu. Hughes' United States Circuit Court Reports ; — Hughes' Kentucky Reports. Hub. Leg. Direc. Hubbell's Legal Direc^ tory. Hub. Prael. J. C. Huber, Praelectiones Ju- ris Civilis. Hubb. Succ. Hubback's Evidence of Suc- cession. Hubbard. Hubbard's Reports, vols. 4.5-51 Maine. Hud. & Br. Hudson & Brooke's Irish King's Bench Reports. Hugh. Hughes' United States Circuit Court Reports; — Hughes' Kentucky Reports. Hugh. (Ky.). Hughes' Kentucky Reports. Hughes. Hughes' United States Circuit Court Reports. Hugo, Hist, du Droit Rom. Hugo, His- toire du Droit Romain. Hum. Humphrey's Tennessee Reports. Hume. Hume's Scotch Session Cases. Hume, Hist. Bug. Hume's History of England. Humph, (or Humph. [Tenn.]). Hum- phrey's Tennessee Reports. Hun. Hun's New York Supreme Court Reports, also Appellate Division Supreme Court, New York. Huut, Bound. Hunt's Law of Boundaries and Fences. Hunt Cas. Hunt's Annuity Cases. Hunt, Eq. Hunt's Suit in Equity. Hunter, Rom. Zjaw. Hunter on Roman Law. Hunter, Suit Eq. Hunter's Proceeding in a Suit in Equity. Hur. Hurlstone (see Hurl.). Hurl. & C. (or Colt.). Hurlstone & Colt- man's English Exchequer Reports. Hurl. & Gord. Hurlstone & Gordon's Re- ports, vols. 10, 11 Englisb Exchequer. Hurl. & N. (or Nor.). Hurlstone & Nor- man's English Exchequer Reports. Hurl. & Walm. Hurlstone & Walmsley's English Exchequer Reports. Hut. Hutton's English Common Pleas Reports. Hutch. Hutchesou's Reports, vols. 81-84 Alabama. Hutt. Hutton's English Common Pleas Reiwrts. Hyde. Hyde's Reports, Bengal. Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 319 I. Idaho ; — Illinois ; — Indiana ;— Iowa ; — Irish (see Ir.). I. C. C. Interstate Commerce Commission. I. C. L. R. Irish Common Law Reports. I. C. B. Irish Chancery Reports ; — Irish Circuit Reports. I. E. R.. Irish Equity Reports. I. J. Cas. Irvine's Justiciary Cases, Scot- laud. I. R. Irish Reports. I. R. C. li. Irish Reports, Common Law Series. I. R. Eq. Irish Reports, Equity Series. I. R. R. International Revenue Record, New York City. I. T. R. Irish Term Reports, by Ridge- way, Lapp & Schoales. la. Iowa ; — Iowa Reports. Ida. (or Idaho). Idaho; — Idaho Reports. Iddings T. R. D. Iddings' Dayton Term Reports. 111. Illinois ; — Illinois Reports. 111. App. Illinois Appeal Reports. Imp. Fed. Imperial Federation, London. Ind. Indiana ; — Indiana Reports ; — India ; — (East) Indian. Ind. App. Law Reports, Indian Appeals ; — Indiana Appeals. Ind. App. Supp. Supplemental Indian Appeals, Law Reports. Ind. Jnr. Indian Jurist, Calcutta; — Indi- an Jurist, JIadras. Ind. L. R. (East) Indian Law Reports. Ind. li. R. Alia. Indian Law Report.s, Al- lahabad. Ind. L. R. Bomb. Indian Law Reports, Bombay Series. Ind. li. R. Calc. Indian Law Reports, Calcutta Series. l!B.d. li. R. Mad. Indian Law Reports, Ma- dras Series. Ind. Rep. Indiana Reports; — Index Re- porter. Ind. Super. Indiana Superior Court Re- ports (Wilson's). Ind. T. Indian Territory ; — Indian Terri- tory Reports. Ing. Ves. Ingraham's edition of Vesey. Jr. 1,2, Inst. (1. 2) Coke's Inst. Inst., 1, 2, 3. Justinian's Inst. lib. 1, tit. 2, §3. Inst., 1, 2, 31. Justinian's Institutes, lib. 1, tit. 2, § 31. The Institutes of Justinian are divided in- to four books, — each book is divided into titles, and each title into paragraphs, of which the first, described by the letters pr., or princip., is not numbered. The old meth- od of citing the Institutes was to give the commencing words of the paragraph and of the title; e. ff., § si adversus, Inst, de Nup- tiis. Sometimes the number of the para- graph was introduced, e. g., § 12, si adversus, Inst, de Nuptiis. The modern way is to give the number of the book, title, and paragraph, thus ;~Inst. I. 10, 12; would be read Inst., Lib. I. tit. 10, § 12. Inst. Epil. Epilogue to [a designated part or volume of] Coke's Institutes. Inst. Froem. Proeme [introduction] to [a designated part or volume of] Coke's Insti- tutes. Instr. Cler. Instructor Clericalis. Int. Case.. Rowe's Interesting Cases, Eng- lish and Irish. Int. Private liaw. Westlake's Private In- ternational Law. Iowa. Iowa Reports. Ir. Irish ; — Ireland ; — Iredell's North Car- olina Law or Equity Reports. Ir. C. L. Irish Common Law Reports. Ir. Ch. Irish Chancery Reports. Ir. Car. (or Ir. Cir, Rep.). Irish CircTilt Reports. Ir. Com. liaw Rep. Irish Common Law Reports. Ir. Eccl. Irish IScclesiastical Reports, by Milward. Ir. Eq. Irish Equity Reports. Ir. Ii. Irish Law Reports. Ir. L. N. S. Irish Common Law Reports. Ir. Ii. R. Irish Law Reports; — The Law Reports, Ireland, now cited by the year. Ir. Ii. T. Rep. Irish Law T^mes Reports. Ir. liaw Reo. Irish Law Recorder. Ir. Law Rep. Irish Law Reports. Ir. liaw Rep. N. S. Irish Common Law Reports. Ir. liaw & Ch. Irish Common Law and Chancery Reports (New Series). Ir. Law & Eq. Irish Law and Equity Re- ports (Old Series). Ir. R. 1894. Irish Law Reports for year 1S94. Ir. R. C. Ii. Irish Reports, Common Law Series. Ir. R. Eq.. Irish Reports, Equity Series. Ir. R. Reg. App. Irish Reports, Registra- tion Appeals. Ir. R. Reg. & L. Irish Reports, Registry and Land Cases. Ir. St. Tr. Irish State Trials (Ridge- way's). Ir. T. R. (or Term Rep.). Irish Term Re- ports (by Ridgeway, Lapp & Schoales). Ired. Iredell's North Carolina Law Re- ports. Ired. Eq. Iredell's North Carolina Equity Reiiorts. Irv. Irvine's Scotch Justiciary Report^. 320 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 J. Johnson's New York Reports. J. C. Johnson's Cases, New York Supreme Court. J. C. P. Justice of the Common Pleas. J. Ch. (or J. C. K.). Johnson's New York Chancery Reports. J. d'Ol. Les Jugemens d'Oleron. J. H. Journal of the House. J. J. Mar. J. J. Marshall's Kentucky Re- ports. J. J. Marsh. (Ky.). J. J. Marshall's Ken- tucky Reports. J. Kel. Sir John Kelyng's English Crown Cases. J. P. Sm. J. P. Smith's English King's Bench Reports. J. R. Johnson's New York Reports. J. S. Gr. J. S. Green's New Jersey Re- ports. J. Scott. Reporter English Common Bench Reports. J. Voet, Com. ad Fand. Voet (Jan), Com- mentarius ad Pandectas. J. & H. Johnson & Hemming's English Vice-Chancellors' Reports. J. & Li. (or J. & IjaT.). Jones & I>a Touche's Irish Chancery Reports. J. & S. Jones & Spencer's New York Su- perior Court Reports. J. & S. Jam. Judah & Swan's Jamaica Reports. J. & W. Jacob & Walker's English Chan- cery Reports. Jac. Jacobus (King James) ; — Jacob's Eng- lish Chancery Reports ; — Jacob's Law Dic- tionary. Jac. Sea Iiaws. Jacobsen's Law of the Sea. Jac. & 'W. (or Walk.). Jacob & Walker's English Chancery Reports. Jack. & G. liandl. & Ten. Jackson & Gross, Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tec ant in Pennsylvania. Jac7xsoii. .Tackson's Reports, vols. 4.S-66 Georgia; — Jackson's Reports, vols. 1-29 Tex- as Court of Appeals, Jackson & Iiumpkin. Jackson & Lump- kin's Georgia Reports. Jacob. Jacob's Law Dictionary. James (N. Sc). James' Reports, Nova Scotia. James Sel. Cases. James' Select Cases. Nova Scotia. James. & Mont. .Jameson & Montagu's English Bankruptcy Reports (in vol. 2 Glyn & Jameson). Jar. Cr. Tr. Jardine's Criminal Trials. Jarm. Wills. .Tarman on Wills. Jebb (or Jebb C. C). Jebb's Irish Crown Cases. Jebb Cr. & Pr. Cas. Jebb's Irish Crown and Presentment Cases. Jebb & B. Jebb & Bourke"s Irish Queen's Bench Reports. Jebb & S. (or Sym.). Jebb & Symes' Irish Queen's Bench Reports. Jeff. Jefferson's Virginia Reports. Jeff. Man. Jefferson's Manual of Parlia- mentary Law. Jenh. (or Jenk. CentO* Jenkins' Eight Centuries of Reports, English Exchequer. Jenks. Jenks' Reports, vol. 58 New Hampshire. Jenn. Jennison's Reports, vols. 14^18 Michigan. Jeremy, Eq. Jur. Jeremy's Equity Juris- diction. Jo. T. Sir T. Jones' Reports. Jo. & I.a T. Jones & La Touche's Irish Chancery Reports. John, (or Johns.). Johnson's New York Reports; — Johnson's Reports of Chase's De- cisions ; — Johnson's Maryland Chancery De- cisions ;— Johnson's English Vice-Chancel- lors' Reports. Johns. Cas. Johnson's New York Cases. Johns. Ch. Johnson's New York Chan- cery Reports; — Johnson's English Vice-Chan- cellors' Report; — Johnson's Maryland Chan- cery Decisions; — Johnston's Reports, New Zealand. Johns. Ct. Err. Johnson's Reports, New York Court of Errors. Johns. Dec. Johnson's Maryland Chan- cery Decisions. Johns. Eng. Ch. Johnson's English Chan- cery Reports. Johns. H. R. V. Johnson's English (Sian- cery Reports. Johns. Pat. Man. Johnson's Patent Man- ual. Johns. Rep. Johnson's Reports, New York Supreme Court. Johns. Tr. Johnson's Impeachment Trial. Johns. TJ. S. Johnson's Reports of Chase's United States Circuit Court Decisions. Johns, v. C. Johnson's English Vice- Chancellors' Reports. Johns. & Hem. Johnson & Hemming's English Chancery Reports. Johnson. Johnson's Reports, New York; — Johnson's English Vice-Chancellors' Re- ports; — Johnson's Maryland Chancery Deci- sions. Johnst. (N. Z.). Johnston's Reports. New Zealand. Jon. Esch. (or Jon. Ir. Ezch.). Jones' Irish Exchequer Reports. Jon. & Car. Jones & Gary's Irish Ex- chequer Reports. Jon. & li. Jones & La Touche's Irish Chancery Reports. Jones. Jones' Reports, vols. 43^8, ."J2-57, 61, 62 Alabama ; — Jones' Reports, vols. 11, 12 Pennsylvania; — Jones' Reports, vols. 22-31 Missouri ; — Jones' Law or Equity Reports, North Carolina ; — Jones' Irish Exchequer Re- Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 321 ports; — Jones' Upper Canada Common Pleas Reports; — Jones & Spencer's New York Su- perior Court Reports. Jones (Pa.). Jones Reports, vols. 11, 12 Pennsylvania. Jones 1. Sir William Jones' English King's Bench Reports. Jones 2. Sir Thomas Jones' English King's Bench Reports. Jones, Bailm. Jones' Law of Bailments. Jones, Barclay & Whittelsey. Jones, Barclay, & Whittelsey's Reports, vol. 31 Mis- souri. Jones, Chat. Mortg;. Jones on Chattel Mortgages. Jones Eq. Jones' North Carolina Equity Reports. Jones, French Bar. Jones' History of the French Bar. Jones Ir. Jones' Irish Exchequer Reports. Jones Liaw (or Jones N. C). Jones' North Carolina Law Reports. Jones T. Sir Thomas Jones' English King's Bench Reports. Jones U. C. Jones' Reports, Upper Can- ada. Jones W. Sir William Jones' English King's Bench Reports. Jones & C. Jones & Cary's Irish Excheq- uer Reports. Jones & La T. Jones & La Touche's Irish Chancery Reports. Jones & McM. (Pa.). Jones & McMurtrie's Pennsylvania Supreme Court Reports. Jones & Spen. Jones & Spencer's New York Superior Court Reports. Josephs. Josephs' Reports, voil. 21 Ne- vada. Jud. & Sw. Judah & Swan's Reports, Jamaica. Judd. Judd's Reports, vol. 4 Hawaii. Jur. (N. S.). The Jurist (New Series) Re- ports in all the Courts, London. Jur. (N. S.) Ex. Jurist (New Series) Ex- chequer. Just. Dig. Digest of Justinian, 50 books. Never translated into English. Just. Inst. Justinian's Institutes. See note following "Inst. 1, 2, 31." Juta. Juta's Gape of Good Hope Reports. K K. Keyes' New York Court of Appeals Re- ports; — Kenyon's English King's Bench Re- ports; — Kansas (see Kan.). K. B. King's Bench Reports. [1901] K. B. Law Reports, King's Bench Division, from 1901 onward. K. C. R. Reports in the time of Chancel- lor King. K. & F. N. S. W. Knox & Fitzhardlnge's New South Wales Reports. K. &G. B. C. Keane & Grant's English Registration Appeal Cases. K. &. J. Kay & Johnson's English Vice- Chancellors' Reports. K. & O. Knapp & Ombler's English Elec- tion Cases. Kam. Karnes' Decisions of the Scottish Court of Session. Kam. Bern. Dec. Karnes' Remarkable De- cisions, Scotch Court of Session. Kam. Sel. Dec. Karnes' Select Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. Kames, Eq. Kames' Principles of Equity. Kan. (or Kans.). Kansas ; — Kansas Re- ports. Kans. App. Kansas Appeals Reports. Kay. Kay's English Vice-Chancellors' Re- ports. Kay & Johns. Kay & Johnson, English. Ke. Keen's English Rolls Court Reports. Keane & Gr. Keane & Grant's English Registration Appeal Cases. Keb. (or Kebl.). Keble's English King's Bench Reports. Keen. Keen's English Rolls Court Re- ports. 1'KACT.MA.^^— 21 Keener, Quasi Contr. Keener's Cases on Quasi Contracts. Keil. (or Keilw.). Keil way's English King's Bench Reports. Kel. 1. Sir John Kelyng's English Crown Cases. Kel. 2. William Kelynge's English Chan- cery Reports. Kel. Ga. Kelly's Reports, vols. 1-3 Georgia. Kel. J. iSir John Kelyng's English Crown Cases. Kel. W. Wm. Kelynge's English Chan- cery Reports. Kelham. Kelham's Norman French Law Dictionary. Kellen. Kellen's Reixjrts, vols. 14G-155 Massachusetts. Kelly. Kelly's Reports, vols. 1-3 Georgia. Kelly & Cobb. Kelly & Cobb's Reports, vols. 4, 5 Georgia. Kelyng, J. Kelyng's English Crown Gases. Kelynge, W. Kelynge's English Chan- cery Reports. Kemble, Sax. Kemble, The Saxons In England. Ken. Kentucky (see Ky.); — Keuyon Eng- lish King's Bench Reports. Ken. Dec. Kentucky Decisions, by Sneed. Ken. I.. Rep. Kentucky Law Reporter. Kenan. Kenan's Reports, vols. 70-91 North Carolina. Kenn. Par. Antiq. Kennett, Parochial Antiquities. Kennett. Kennett's Glossary; — Kennett upon Impropriations. 322 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 Kennett, Gloss. Kennett's Glossary. Kent. Kent's Commentaries on American tiaw. Kent, Com. (or Conuu.). Kent's Com- mentaries on American Law. Keny. Kenyon's Englisli King's Bench Reports. Keny. C. H. (or 3 Keny.). Chancery Re- ports at the end of 2 Kenyon. Kern. Kern's Reports, vols. 100-116 In- diana ; — Kernan's Reports, vols. 11-14 New Xorli Court of Appeals. Kerr. Kerr's New Brunswick Reports ; — Kerr's Reports; — J. M. Kerr's Reports, vols. 27-29 New York Civil Procedure. Kerr (N. B.). Kerr's New Brunswick Re- ports. Kerse. Kerse's Manuscript Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. Key. (orKeyes). Keyes' New York Court of Appeals Reports. Keyl. Keilwey's (or Keylway's) English King's Bench Reports. Kilk. Kilkerran's Decisions, Scotch Court of Session. King. King's Reports, vols. 5, 6 Louisiana Annual. King Cas. temp. Select Cases tempore King, English Chancery. King's Conf . Ca. King's Conflicting Cases. Kir. (Kirb. or Kirby). Kirbys Connecti- cut Reports. Kitch. (or Kitcb. Conrts). Kitchin on Jurisdictions of Courts-Leet, Courts-Baron, etc. Kitcbin. Kitchin on Jurisdictions of Courts-Leet, Courts-Baron, etc. Kn. (or Kn. A. C). Knapps Appeal Cases (English Privy Council). Kn. N. S. W. Knox, New South Wales Reports. Kn. & Moo. Knapp & JXoore's Reports, vol. 3 Knapp's Privy Council. Kn. & O. Knapp & Ombler's English Elec- tion Reports. Knapp. Knapp's Privy Council Reports, England. Knowles. Knowles' Reports, vol. 3 Rhode Island. Knox. Knox, New South Wales Reports. Knox & Fitz. Knox & Fitzhardinge, New South Wales. Kolze. Transvaal Reports by Kolze. Kreider. Kreider's ReiKjrts, vols. 1-21 Washington. Kress. Kress' Reports, vols. lUiJ-194 Penn- sylvania; — Kress' Pennsylvania Superior Court. Kulp. Kulp's Luzerne Legal Register Re- ports, Pennsylvania. Ky. Kentucky; — Kentucky Reports. Ky. Dec. Sneed's Kentucky Decisions. Ky. 1. K. Kentucky Law lieporter. Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 323 L Ii. Lansing's Supreme Court Reports, New York. Ii. A. Lawyers' Reports Annotated. Ii. C. Lord Chancellor ; — Lower Canada ; — Leading Oases. r. C. B, Lord Chief Baron. 1. C. D. Lower Court Decisions, Ohio. Ii. C. Eq. White & Tudor's Leading Cases in Equity. Ii.. C. G. Lower Courts Gazette, Toronto. Ii.CR. Lower Canada Reports. Ii. D. (orDec.)- Land Office Decisions, United States. L. Ed. Lawyers' Ediyon Supreme Court Reports. Ii. J. App. Law Journal, New Series, Ap- Ii. J. Bank. Law Journal, New Series, Bankruptcy. Ij. J. Bk. Law Journal, New Series, Bank- ruptcy (1831 onward). Ii. J. C. C. R. Law Journal, New Series, Crown Cases Reserved. Ii. J. C. P. (or Ii. J. C. P. D.). Law Jour- nal, New Series, Common Pleas Decisions. Ii. J. Ch. Law Journal, New Series, Chan- cery Division (1831 on). li. J. Ch. (O. S.). Law Journal, Old Se- ries, 1822, 1831. Ii. J. D. & M. Law Journal, New Series, Divorce and Matrimonial. L. J. Ecc. Law Journal Reports, Ecclesi- astical (1831 on). Ii. J. Ex. Law Journal, New Series, Ex- chequer Division (1831 on). Ii. J. Ezch. Law Journal, New Series, Ex- chequer. Ii. J. H. Ii. Law Journal, New Series, House of Lords. L. J. K. B. Law Journal, King's Bench. Ii. J. Ii. C. Law Journal, Lower Canada. Ii. J. Ii. T. Law Journal. Law Tracts. L. J. M. C. Law Journal, New Series. Di- vorce and Matrimonial ; — Law Journal, Mag- istrates' Cases. Ii. J. M. C. Daw Journal, New Series, Magistrates Cases (1831 on). Ii. J. M. P. A. Law Journal, Matrimonial, Probate and Admiralty. Ii. J. M. & W. Morgan & Williams' Law Journal, London. Ii. J. N. C. Law Journal, Notes of Cases. Ii. J. N. S. The Law Journal, New Series, London (1831 onwards). Ii. J. O. S. The Daw Journal, Old Series, London (1822-1831). Ii. J. P. (or P. C). Law Journal, New Se- ries, Privy Council; — Law Journal, Probate, Divorce and Admiralty. Ii. J. P. (D. & A.). Law Journal, New ' Se- ries, Probate, Divorce and Admiralty. Ii. J. P. & M. (or Ii. J. Prob. & Mat.). Law Journal, New Series, Probate and Mat- rimonial (1831 onward). Ii. J. Q. B. Law Journal, New Series, Queen's Bench (1831 on). Ii. J. Q. B. D. Law Journal, New Series, Queen's Bench Division. Ii. J. Rep. Law Journal Reports. Ii. J. Rep. N. S. Law Journal Reports, New Series (1831 onward). Ii. M. & P. Lowndes, Slaxwell & Pollock's English Bail Court Reports. 1. N. Liber Niger, or the Black Book. Ii. P. R. Lilly's Practical Register. Ii. B. Law Reports (English) ; — ^Law Re- porter (Law Times Reports, New Series); — (Irish) Law Recorder; — Louisiana Reports. Ii. B. A. Lawyers' Reports, Annotated. Ii. R. A. & E. Einglish Law Reports, Ad- miralty and Ecclesiastical (1806-1875). Ii. R. App. (or Ii. R. App. Cas.). English Law Reports, Appeal Cases, House of Lords. Ii. R. Burm. Law Reports, British Bur- mah. Ii. R. C. C. English Law Reports, Crown Cases Reserved (1866-1875). Ii. R. C. P. English Law Reports, Com- mon Pleas (1860-1875). L. R.. C. P. D. English Law Reports, Com- mon Pleas Division. Ii. B. Ch. English Law Reports, Chan- cery Appeal Cases (1866-1875). Ii. R. Ch. D. (or Div.). Law Reports, Chancery Division, English Supreme Court of Judicature. Ii. B. E. & I. App. English Reports, Eng- lish and Irish Appeals. Ii. E. Eq. Euglish Law Reports, Equity (1866-1875). L. R. Ex. (or Ii. R. Exch.). English Law Reports, Exchequer (1866-1875). L. R. Ex. Div. English Law Reports, Ex- chequer Division. Ii. R. H. Ii. English Law Reports, House of Ijords, English and Irish Appeal Cases. Ii. R. H. Ii. Sc. English Law Reports, House of Lords, Scotch and Divorce Appeal Cases (1866-1875). L. R. Ind. App. English Law Reports, Indian Appeals. Ii. R. Ir. Law Reports, Ireland (1879- 1893). Ii. R. Misc. D. Law Reports, Miscellane- ous Division. Ii. R. N. S. Irish Law Recorder, New Se- ries. Ii. R. N. S. W. liaw Reports, New South Wales. Ii. R. P. C. English Law Reports, Privy Council, Appeal Oases (18G6-1875). Ii. R. P. Div. English Law Reports, Pro- bate. Divorce and Admiralty Division. Ii. B. P. & D. English Law Reports, Pro- bate and Divorce. Ii. R. P. & M. Law Reports, Probate and Matrimonial (1866-1875). 324 Table of Abbreviations. (Ch. 10 L. R. Q. B. English Law Reports, Queen's Bench (1866-1875). L. R. Q. B. Div. English Law Reports, Queen's Bench Division. Li. R. S. A. Law Reports, South Australia. L. R. Sc. & D. English Law Reports, Scotch and Divorce Cases, before the House of Lords. Ii. R. Sess. Cas. English Law Reports, Sessions Cases. L. B. Stat. English Law Reports, Stat- utes. L. T. N. S. (or L. T. R. N. S.). Law Times (New Series) Reports, London; — American Law Times Reports. 1. T. O. S. Law Times, Old Series. Ii. &B. BiUl. Law and Bank Bulletin. Ii. & C. (or L. & C. C. C). Leigh & Cave's English Crown Cases, Reserved. Ii. & E. English Law and Equity Reports. Ii, & E. Rep. Law and Equity Reporter New York. Ii. & G. t. Plimk. Lloyd & Gould's Irish Chancery Reports tempore Plunkett. L. & G. t. Sug. Lloyd & Gould's Irish Chancery Reports tempore Sugden. Ii. & M. Lowndes & Maxwell's English Practice Cases. Ii. & T. Longfield & Townsend's Irish Ex- chequer Reports. Ii. & W. Lloyd & Welsby's English Mer- cantile Cases. la. Louisiana ; — Louisiana Reports ; — Lane's English Exchequer Reports. La. An. Louisiana Annual Reports ; — Lawyers' Reports. Annotated. La. T. B. Louisiana Term Reports, vols. 3-12 Martin, Louisiana. La Them. L. C. La Thgmis (Periodical) Lower Canada. Lab. Labatt's California District Court Reports. Lacey Dig. Lacey's Digest Railway Deci- sions. Ladd. Ladd's Reports, vols. 59-6i New Hampshire. Lalor. Lalor's Supplement to Hill & Demo's New York Reports. . Lalor, Pol. Econ. Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, etc. Lamar. Lamar's Reports, vols. 25-40 Florida. Lamb. Lamb's Reports, vols. 103-105 Wisconsin. Lamb. Arch. Lambard's Archaionomia. Lamb. Const. Lambard, Duties of Con- stables, etc. Lamb. Eir. Lambard's Eirenarcha. Land Com. Rep. Land Commissioners Reports, Ireland. Lane. Lane's English Exchequer Reports. Langd. Cent. Langdell's Cases on Con- tracts ; — Langdell's Summary of the Law of Contracts. Lans. Lansing's New York Supreme Court Reports. Lans. Ch. Lansing's C!hancery Decisions, New York. Las Fartidas. Las Sicte Partidas. Latch. Latch's English King's Bench Re- ports. Lath. Lathrop's Reports, vols. 115-145 Massachusetts. Lauder. (Lauder of) Fountainhall's Scotch Session Cases. Lanr. H. C. Ca. Lauren's High Court Cases (Kimberly). Law J. Ch. Law Journal, New Series,^ Chancery. Law J. I. B. Law Journal, New Series, English Queen's Bench. Law J. P. D. Law Journal, Probate Divi- sion. Law J. R., Q. B. Law Journal Reports,. English Queen's Bench. Law Lib. Law Library, Philadelphia. Law Rep. A. & E. Law Reports, Admiral- ty and Ecclesiastical. Law Rep. App. Cas. Law Reports, Ap- peal Cases. LawRep. C. C. Law Reports, Crown Cases. Law Rep. C. P. Law Reports, Common Pleas. Law Rep. C. P. D, Law Reports, Com- mon Pleas Division. Law Rep. Ch. Law Reports, Chancery Appeal Cases. Law Rep. Ch. D. Law Reports, Chancery Division. Law Rep. Eq. Law Reports, Equity Cases. Law Rep. Ex. Law Reports, Exchequer. Law Rep. Ex. D. Law Reports, Excheq- uer Division. Law Rep. H. L. Law Reports, House of Lords, English and Irish Appeal Cases. Law Rep. H. L. Sc. Law Reports. Scotch and Divorce Appeal Cases, House of Lords. Law Rep. Ind. App. Law Reports, In- dian Appeals. Law Rep. Ir. Law Reports, Irish. Law Rep. Misc. D. Law Reports, Mis- cellaneous Division. Law Rep. P. C. Law Reports, Privy Council, Appeal Cases. LawRep. P. &D. Law Reports, Probate and Divorce Cases. LawRep. Q.B. Law Reports, Queen's Bench. LawRep. Q. B. D. Law Reports, Queen's Bench Division. LawRepos. Carolina Law Repository, North Carolina. Lawes, PI. Lawes on Pleading. Lawrence. Lawrence's Reports, vol. 20 Ohio. Lawrence Comp. Dec. Lawrence's First Comptroller's Decisions. Lawson, Usages & Cnst. Lawson on the Law of Usages and Customs. Ld. Ken. I^ord Kenyon's English King's. Bench Reports. Ch. 10) Table of Abbreviations. 325 Ieott's English Common Pleas Reports. M. P. C. Moore's English Privy Council Cases. M. & A. Montagu & Ayrton's English Bankruptcy Reports. M. & B. Montagu & Bligh's English Bank- ruptcy Reports. M. & C. Mylne & Craig's English Chan- cery Reports; — Montagu & Chitty's English Bankruptcy Reports. M. & Cht. Bankr. Montagu & Chitty's English Bankruptcy Reports. M. & G. Manning & Granger's English Common Pleas Reports ; — Maddock & Geld- art's English Chancery Reports, vol. 6 Mad- dock's Reports. M. & Gel. Maddock & Geldart's English CTiancery Reports, vol. 6 Maddock's Reports. M. & Gord. Macnaghten & Gordon's Eng- lish Chancery Reports. M. & H. Murphy & Hurlstone's English Exchequer Reports. M. & K. Mylne & Keen's English Chan- cery Reports. M. & M. Moody & Malkin's English Nisi Prius Reports. M. & McA. Montagu & McArthur's Eng- lish Bankruptcy Reports. M. & P. Moore & Payne's English Com- mon Pleas Reports. M. & R. Jlaunlng & Ryland's English King's Bench Reports; — Moody & Robinson's English Nisi Prius Reports; — Maclean & Rob- inson's Scotch Appeal Cases. M. & K. M. C. Manning & Ryland's Eng- lish Magistrate Cases. M. & S. Maule & Selwyn's English King's Bench Reports; — Moore & Scott's English Common Pleas Reports ; — Manning & Scott's Reports, vol. 9 Common Bench. M. & W. Meeson & Welsby's English Ex- chequer Reports. M. & Y. Martin & Terger's Tennessee Re- ports. Mac. Macnaghten's English Chancery Re- ports. Mac. N. Z. Macassey's New Zealand Re- ports. Mac. Pat. Cas. Macrory's Patent (3ases. Mac. & G. Macnaghten & Gordon's Eng- lish Chancery Reports. Mac. & Rob. 'Maclean & Robinson's Scotch Appeal Cases. MacAr. (or MacArth., MacArthnr). MacArthur's District of Columbia Reports; — MacArthur's Patent Cases. MacAr. Pat. Cas. MacArthur's Patent Cases. MacAr. & M. MacArthur & Mackey's District of Columbia Reports. Macas. 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KF 2ko nks Author Vol. Henrickson, Albert Marcus Title Copy The Practioners* Manual of Legsu Dlbliography Date Borrower's Name • t • I '.'.V.',". < V. I'.y,',',',',*,',','.'.',', '. • ...I .V.Vl'.'.'.'.'.V.'.'.-.. ■ = ■... ..r .,•..'.■.•.•. 1 ',••',« ',•.1.1 • 1 1 . . . 1 , « 1 1 > I'l .... f .•«».. « II 'k-'^'^My^y :>:::;:v:. , ;;:;:;: ■■• •;.;.;W;:;:s:::;W;:;;v:;;;:v:;;;:;: • •■(liiiiiiiiiiittiiiii'iiii .•'•'.> > • < I • 1 1 1 • • f 1 1 1 1 1.1 1 1 1 I f 1 1 I f I If ;:;:;;<•;• ■••^v^:■:•:v:v:':v<•^:v:■:v^:v:v; '* *.> tiitiifitiiii«iiii»ititiiiiiiitii *.>.•.• iiiiiiitiiiiii 1 1 11 1 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '.•.'.•.•.•.».<•.»».•.«•••. I i.«.»;> • « ■ ••.'.I I i I < I I I • • I .'.'ill I I f I If • I • > I I • 1 I . I • . 1 •//.•Ms;'; I • I •'»' !.'.!.S',','.',',V.'.'.' .•I'.'i'.SV.'. I f 1 1 > I III ''•'•',••'••■■■•- ,',',**,*'J>| I * ■ I ■ • I • I f • r ' • I I t I I II « I I »t- .«.'....*.'.' 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