LIBRARY 
 
 ANNEX 
 
CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 Su 
 
 MOYS 
 
 
GEOIiOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA, KEPOKT P4, 1889. 
 
 A DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Fossils of Pennsylvania 
 
 AND NEIGHBOEING STATES 
 
 NAMED IN THE 
 
 REl'ORTS AND CATALOGUES OF THE SURVEY. 
 
 Compiled for the convenience of the citizens of the State 
 By J. P. LESLEY, State Geologist. 
 
 3000 FIGURES, MOSTLY FACSIMILE COPIES OP THOSE PUBLISHED BY H. D 
 ROGERS, HALL, CONRAD, VANUXEM, EMMONS, LOGAN, DAWSON, 
 BILLINGS, MATTHEWS, HITCHCOCK, NEWBERRY, MEEK, COL- 
 LETT, WORTHEN, ROMINGER, D. D. OWEN, COX, LYON, 
 SAFFORD, FONTAINE, LESQUEREUX, WOLCOTT, 
 LEIDY, COPE, AND OTHERS, AND SOME 
 NEW SPECIES, DRAWN AND DE- 
 SCRIBED BY G. B. SIMPSON. 
 
 HARRISBURG: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS 
 FOR THE GEOLOGICAL STTRVEY. 
 
 1889. 
 
Entered, for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the year 1889, according 
 
 to acts of Congress, 
 
 By WILLIAM A. INGHAM, 
 
 Secretary of the Board of Commissioners of the Geological Suy^vey^ 
 
 In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Printed by 
 
 Edwin K. Meyehs, State Printer, 
 
 Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 His Excellency, JAMES A. BEAVER, Governor 
 
 and eX'Officio President of the Board, Harrisburg. 
 
 Ario Pardee, Hazleton. 
 
 Het^ky S. Eckert, Reading. 
 
 Hein^ry McCormick, Harrisbiirg. 
 
 Samuel Q. Brow]^, Philadelphia. 
 
 Charles A. Miner, Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 Joseph Willcox, Media. 
 
 Louis W. Hall, Harrisburg. 
 
 Charles H. Noyes, Warren. 
 
 Jacob Turney, Greensburg. 
 
 SECRETARY OF THE BOARD. 
 William A. Ingham, Philadelphia. 
 
 STATE GEOLOGIST. 
 Peter Lesley, Philadelphia. 
 
ASSISTANTS. 
 
 Retained for PaUication, after June 1, 1889. 
 
 Edward B. Harden, Assistant Geologist in charge of Office. 
 Oliver B. Harden, Assistant Geologist and Topographer, 
 A. D. W. Smith, Assistant Geologist, Pottsville district. 
 H. T. Fisher, Draughtsman, Pottsville district. 
 M. Carraher, Messenger. 
 
LETTER OF TRA:NSMITTAL. 
 
 To His Excellency James A. Beaver, Oovernor of Pennsyl- 
 vania^ ex-oMco chairman of the Board of Commissioners of 
 the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania : 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to report, for the approval of the Board, 
 this compilation of all the forms of animal and vegetable life 
 hitherto seen in the geological formations of our State; both 
 those collected by the assistant geologists of Professor H. D; 
 Rogers, fifty years ago, and those collected by my respected 
 colleagues since 1874. My task has been an arduous one, re- 
 quiring more time and patience than I anticipated, and exhib- 
 iting a wealth of the State in genera and species of extinct 
 plants and animals as great as its well-known wealth in min 
 erals. 
 
 Although fossils have no money value in the exchanges of 
 the world, they have a value superior to money in enlighten- 
 ing the intellect of a people by unfoldiDg before their reverent 
 attention the course of the divine creation of thousands of kinds 
 of beings in the course of the many ages which preceded the 
 creation of man. 
 
 We have in our State a nearly unbroken series of rock strata 
 from the oldest to the newest, a pile of sediments nearly eighty 
 thousand feet thick, one- half at least of which are filled with 
 casts of the dead bodies of things once alive and flourishing, 
 singly or in communities, now all extinct, leaving no descend- 
 ants among the trees and shrubs, the shells and bugs and 
 worms, the lizards, birds and beasts of present nature. 
 
 Those who please to speculate on the evolution of life, may 
 amuse themselves with traces of resemblance, but they cannot 
 find a single proof, however slight, for the actual hereditary 
 descent of the living creatures of our age from those of preced- 
 ing ages. From the dawn of time onward to the present time, 
 each age has had its own special fauna and flora, its peculiar 
 
 (V) 
 
VI LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 shapes of animal and plant, by which it and its rock strata can 
 be recognized by the geologist. A knowledge of these peculiar 
 animal and vegetable forms is in fact a part of the training of 
 a good geologist in tracing outcrops and discovering the min- 
 eral resources of the Commonwealth ; for every age produced 
 also its own kind of minerals, so that fossils are a guide to the 
 mining engineer, and especially so to the prospector. 
 
 When the geological survey of Fennsylvania was first ordered, 
 its first business was well understood to be not scientific, but 
 practical. It was to study and to find out all about the iron, 
 coal, oil, gas and other mineral resources of the State; and then 
 to inform the citizens of the State better about what they 
 already knew more or less uncertainly or imperfectly, and dis- 
 cover for them what was still only suspected, or wholly un- 
 known. This task the survey has faithfully and zealously per- 
 formed for fifteen years ; and its strictly practical character is 
 acknowledged by those intelligent business men who are the 
 the wealth-producers of the State. The farming population 
 have not so strongly felt its value, because its advantages for 
 them have been indirect, but none the less real. For it is 
 plain to see that a geological survey carried on in a strictly 
 practical spirit must necessarily benefit every man, woman 
 and child in the Commonwealth. It is iron, coal, oil, gas and 
 other minerals which build cities, towns, villages, furnaces and 
 mills; and cities, towns, villages, furnaces and mills furnish to 
 the farmer his principal market ; thereby enhancing the value 
 of his land ; and upon this again depends the welfare of his 
 wife and children. Even if the work of geologists were wholly 
 confined to the mines and quarries, it would still be in the in- 
 terest of the agricultural citizens of the State. But the 
 geological survey has worked directly for the farmers of the 
 State by informing them of what respecting their own fields 
 they could never have found out by themselves. But as human 
 beings breathe air without knowing it, so they obtain knowl- 
 edge without being aware that it does not come directly from 
 their own brains, but from the patient and often painful labor 
 of those w^ho specially devote themselves to the manufacture 
 and distribution, that is, to the discovery and publication of 
 knowledge. 
 
 It is said that the survey has cost the State nearly a million 
 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. vii 
 
 of dollars, counting in the publication of the reports ; or, for 
 the work itself a half a million ; that is, a total cost of fifty 
 cents in fifteen years, or three cents per annum, for each voter. 
 The Legislature has apx^ropriated for the survey an average of 
 $35,000 per annum ; a small outlay for so large and wealthy a 
 State to obtain knowledge of so practical a kind, — knowledge 
 which must be got somehow, and rmist be paid for somehow ; 
 either economically, by a State survey; or extravagantly, by 
 unorganized, haphazard and wasteful methods. 
 
 Three years ago, in view of the fact that all the counties of 
 the State, 67 in number, would soon be surveyed and reported 
 upon, I began to prepare my final report or summary of the 
 geology of Pennsylvania. In the course of this work I en- 
 countered a difficulty in the shape of the innumerable fossil 
 forms which characterize the formations, and are recited in due 
 order and place in the county reports. At first I supposed that 
 I could deal with them by inserting wood cuts in the text, as 
 has been done in so many other State final reports. But I 
 found that this would swell the volume beyond all bounds, and 
 make it useless for most citizens of the State. At the same 
 time I was in receipt of many letters from quarrymen and pros- 
 pectors in various counties asking for information respecting 
 the strange forms which they noticed in the rocks. I had 
 always realized that the survey would leave unperformed one 
 of its necessary tasks if it did not fully explain the fossil geol- 
 ogy of the State, as a supplement to its mineral geology ; but 
 the practical work of the survey was so heavy that any ade- 
 quate report of its fossils had to be left to the very last. Mr. 
 C. E. Hall, the curator of the museum, made indeed a special 
 cabinet of fossils, and a catalogue of the same. Subsequently 
 Prof. Stevenson, Prof. I. C. White and Prof. Olaypole reported 
 the fossils of their respective districts ; and Mr. Carll and Dr. 
 Randall made considerable collections of fossils as well as min- 
 erals in the Oil region. In this way a good foundation was laid. 
 I then went through the whole series of the Reports of Pro- 
 gress, and made alphabetical card-catalogues of all fossil names, 
 localities and formations, which had been reported. I then 
 made similar catalogues of all fossils described by the New 
 York geologists found in the same formations. Doing the same 
 with the State Reports of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, 1 was 
 
Vlll LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 led on from book to book in an ever- widening circle, until I 
 had all the names of fossils discovered in the Canadian prov- 
 inces. Thus I discovered that nineteenth-twentieths of our 
 Pennsylvania forms had been figured and described in the re- 
 ports of other States and Territories, some ot them fifty years 
 ago ; many of them from specimens first found in Pennsylva- 
 nia, and a few of them still peculiar to this State. During the 
 last year I have had the collections of the survey carefully ex- 
 amined in detail by Mr. Simpson, the able assistant of our most 
 distinguished American pah^ontologist, Prof. James Hall of 
 Albany, who kindly himself passed judgment on difficult de- 
 terminations, and a few new species being discovered, they were 
 drawn and described by Mr. Simpson. 
 
 When it became a question of how the results of my prelimi- 
 nary work should be prepared for publication, I settled upon 
 an alphabetical arrangement of it as the most convenient for 
 the people of the State. What people want most are books of 
 easy reference. By placing all the names of Pennsylvania 
 fossils in alphabetical order, in the form of a glossary or dic- 
 tionary, any name given in the Reports of Progress can be 
 turned to at once and its meaning shown by a figure of the 
 thing so named. My intention was to place its proper figure 
 under every fossil name mentioned in the series of our Reports- 
 In some good measurt^ I have succeeded in doing thi^, borrow- 
 ing published figures, old and new, from every available 
 source, and having them electrotyped like woodcuts for inser- 
 tion in the text. They are therefore ail of them facsimiles; 
 and those first published a long time ago have a double value : 
 first, that of original drawings of the type specimens ; secondly, 
 that of drawings out of print, and most of them not to be ob- 
 tained for love or money, and not to be even consulted except 
 by persons who live in large cities, or at the older colleges and 
 universities. Many of the older books can not be found even 
 in large public libraries. To the public at large they are all of 
 them practically inaccessible. By reproducing them in fac- 
 simile they will be distributed to the poorest inhabitants of the 
 State, as far as an edition of the 4500 copies authorized by law 
 will serve ; and in a few years they will all get into the hands 
 of just those who most want them and can make the best use 
 of them. 
 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. IX 
 
 Two classes of persons will value them most highly : the class 
 of quarymen and assistant railroad engineers who spend the 
 most of their time in breaking up the rocks and finding fossils; 
 and the class of school teachers who need objects for ths in 
 struction of the young. 
 
 I have endeavored to furnish an example of what the people 
 of a State have a right to demand of geologists and palaeon- 
 tologists to help them to understand what is usually written 
 only for the learned. 
 
 Descriptions of fossils without figures are of no use to the 
 unlearned. The Greek and Latin names given to fossils mean 
 nothing to tho.-:e who know only the English language. Costly 
 illustrated books scattered about in libraries, public and private, 
 are inaccessible to and unattainable by the people of a State. 
 Even those who reside in cities know not where to find them. 
 If by accident they now and then encounter one, they are not 
 trained to its use, and can only in a helpless, listless mood of 
 mind turn over pages written mostly in an unknown tongue, 
 and plates of figures arranged in no comprehensible order, a 
 confused jumble of unrelated objects, with no names attached 
 to them, and their descriptions only to be found, by reference 
 to an index, in some distant part of the book. 
 
 Geologists complain that people at large take no interest in 
 fossils. Geologists have only themselves to blame for the fact, 
 for they furnish the people with no helps for understanding 
 fossils. — no primers or handbooks of primary instruction. 
 Names mean nothing without pictures; and a picture tells 
 nothing unless some explanation of it is subjoined. Even ex- 
 perts grow weary of the laborious references which they are 
 compelled to make from figures grouped on plates at the end 
 of a volume, to names anti descrijjtions printed, indexed and 
 tabled in different parts of the text. So inconvenient and 
 wasteful a fashion of publication could only be justified by its 
 cheapness ; but considering the great first cost of drawing and 
 printing the figures, the perfection of the art of photographic 
 electrotyping, and the saving of space by indenting the cuts, 
 there seems to be no excuse of this sort now for retaining the 
 old style ; and it is fatal to the only right service of such books, 
 their easy consultation. 
 
 I have confidence that the Board will bear it in mind that 
 
X LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 this dictionary is prepared as one of the Reports of the Board 
 to the Legislature of Pennsylvania for the use of the people of 
 the State. If citizens of other states iind it useful, well and 
 good ; but its contents have been selected with a single eye to 
 the requirements of Pennsylvanians owning or consulting co- 
 pies of the Reports of the Geological Survey, in which they 
 find a multitude of fossil names which need explanation and 
 illustration. Hence the lists of catalogued specimens in the 
 State Collection which occur thoughout the book ; and various 
 corrections of unavoidable mistakes made in originally label- 
 ling many of the specimens; a kind of information of no use 
 to foreign readers, unless they be professional geologists ; but of 
 the greatest interest to Pennsylvanians for giving them an 
 idea of the abundance of fossil- collecting localities in the 
 State, and directing them where to find them. Those who ex- 
 amine the Reports of Progress critically will perceive that I 
 have been as economical as possible in reciting the details, 
 while doing more than enough towards stating the case. 
 
 The reader will notice frequent references to an Appendix, 
 especially in the first volume. This needs to be explained. 
 My first copy was ready for the State printer nearly a year 
 ago. Printing in fact began in the autumn of 1888, but was 
 soon necessarily delayed by reports from other State officials. 
 I hoped to have the first volume published during the session 
 of the Legislature, but the printing of it was stopped entirely in 
 the winter and spring by a mass of legislative documents requir- 
 ing immediate attention. I employed the time in enlarging 
 the work and in correspondence with fossil authorities in the 
 United States and Canada, a list of whom will be found in 
 front of the long list of Errata at the end of the volume. Thirty 
 of my correspondents, to whom I sent duplicate proofs of each 
 signature of sixteen pages, showed the greatest interest in the 
 work, returning the duplicates with their corrections and addi- 
 tions, directing me to better figures, sending me fresher and 
 better figures of their own, and, in fact, playing the most 
 friendly and valuable i61e of critics, reviewers, and I might 
 well say coeditors, to the extent of their ability as hard- worked 
 and much-occupied men. I was continually finding gaps in 
 my list and figures which I had missed. 
 
 But more than all this, I had made the mistake of believing 
 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. XI 
 
 what I was told of the capacity of the electrotype process, that 
 it could not copy lithographic figures. I had confined myself 
 therefore to selecting only the wood cuts, copper plates 
 and medal-ruled figures, and had had such pencil drawings 
 made of lithographic figures as seemed indispensable. After- 
 ward I discovered by experimental trials, that the electrotype 
 process was perfectly good for making facsimiles of litho- 
 graphs, but it was then too late to introduce them into the 
 book and they had to be referred to an Appendix, except such 
 as were made in time for the last letters of the first volume. 
 The rest found their proper places in the second volume. 
 
 Respecting the coal plant figures of Lesquereux, and Fon- 
 taine and White, published in the Coal Flora (Report P), and 
 in Report PP, they were all tinted and could not be photo- 
 graphed for the electrotype. But I considered that they had 
 already been published and distributed throughout the State, 
 and were in easy reach of all who really wanted them. I was 
 also fortunate in being permitted to use copies of many of 
 them, published as line engravings by Dr. Collett in his Re- 
 ports on the Geology of Indiana. As to Fontaine's Triassic 
 plants, published by the United States Geological Survey, they 
 too were tinted and unserviceable to me, but I was most kindly 
 allowed to have untinted proofs of them struck off in Wash- 
 ington from the original plates, and these were successfully 
 electrotyped, as may be seen in the later pages of Vol 1, and 
 throughout Vol. 2. Those whose names fall under earlier let- 
 ters can only be given in the Appendix. These are but t;xam- 
 ples of some of the obstacles I have encountered. It the Leg- 
 islature should see fit to use all the cuts which have accumu- 
 lated for a second edition of this work, the Appendix would 
 be fused back into the book to make it more useful. 
 
 Let it be kept in mind that the intent of this Report is 
 simply to exhibit fossil forms which have been collected, or 
 seen, or described, by the geologists of the survey, in Penn- 
 sylvania, and such other fossils found in the surrounding 
 States, as have not yet been detected, but undoubtedly exist 
 in Pennsylvania, and will surely be found in Pennsylvania by 
 those who carefully and intelligently look for them. To these 
 are added rarer and sometimes exquisitely beautiful forms 
 found outside the State, but in formations which enter and 
 
XU LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 underlie our State ; for, these also will probably be discovered. 
 All I have tried to do, is to show the citizens of our own Com- 
 monwealth the wonderful extinct creatures which lived and 
 loved and were buried in the mud and sand deposits of that part 
 of the ancient American ocean bed now represented by the 
 emerged valleys and mountains of Pennsylvania. 
 
 My thanks are due first to the shades of the great dead, the 
 fathers of American palaeontology. Two of the most distin- 
 guished of them, Conrad and Vanuxein, being Pennsylvanians, 
 I must mention first; then Emmons of New. York, Hitchcock 
 of Massachusetts, David Dale Owen of the West, Worthen of 
 Illinois, Meek of Washington, palaeontologists whom I would 
 gladly worship if I knew of any sacrifice that would reach 
 them and give them pleasure. Perhaps the smoke of one of 
 these volumes, burnt on an altar of unhewn stones "'- on which 
 no hammer had been lifted," might make a sweet savor for 
 their nostrils, of a genuine Solomonic kind. To the greater 
 living any thanks must fall so far beneath the benefits they 
 have bestowed on us as to become inaudible. If Virgil was 
 deified by Rome for the gift of his ^Eneid, Leo Lesquereux 
 should be canonized by Pennsylvania for that poem of poems, 
 the Flora of the Coal. If Homer's Iliad is immortalized, James 
 HalFs Palaeontology of New York, a more sublime epic, will 
 have a more genuine if not a longer immortality. It is danger- 
 ous enough to write the roll of living worthies in any branch 
 of science, lest the order be misplaced, or names be overlooked ; 
 but I cannot go wrong in acknowledging our great indebted- 
 ness to men from whose treasuries of knowledge we are invited 
 to help ourselves to what we need most. The books from 
 which I have drawn the greater part of my matter are Logan's 
 Geology of Canada, and Billing's fossils; Dawsons' Acadian 
 Geology and Devonian Plants; Hitchcock's Ichthyology of 
 Massachusetts ; Emmons', Vanuxem's and Hall's Reports of 
 1842, 1843, on the Second, Third and Fourth districts of New 
 York ; Newberry's two rich volumes of the fossil fish, plants 
 and shells of Ohio; Collett's three volumes of fossils in In-, 
 diana ; Worthen's four volumes of fossils in Illinois; Owen's 
 third volume, giving Cox's and Lyon's fossils of Kentucky ; 
 Safford's Tennessee ; Fontaine's Triassic Flora of Virginia ; Wal- 
 cott's Cambrian fossils in the Bulletins of the U. S. Geological 
 
LETTEE OF TRANSMITTAL. xiii 
 
 Survey, Whitfield's Spergen Hill fossils, etc., in the Bulletins 
 of the American Museum of Natural History, New York. I 
 have borrowed also from many other authorities; but all of 
 them are credited in the several places which their names and 
 figures occupy. 
 
 Periodicals and volumes published privately I have abstained 
 from quoting, except Herr Zittell's invaluable Handbuch der 
 Palaeontologie, and then only such figures as Zittell himself 
 had borrowed from American works, and for the purpose of 
 bringing his great work to the attention of American students. 
 
 The reader will usually find the authority in the southwest 
 corner of the cut; the formation (by number, from / to XVII) 
 in the northwest corner; the name of the State survey, volume^ 
 plate^ a.nd -figure^ at the bottom, or in the other two corners; 
 but the necessity for having the cut as small as possible, and 
 the irregular shape of the fossil figures,' made absolute unifor- 
 mity impossible. Proof reading at the distance of a hundred 
 miles involves typographical errors in spite of the greatest care- 
 fulness; and several of the figures went through the press at 
 last upside down ; but the fact can be recognized by the re- 
 versed lettering; in three cases figures have got under the 
 wrong namen, as noted in the errata. 
 
 Although the most of this book has been prepared and written 
 by myself, I have received most valuable assistance from Mr. 
 George B. Simpson, in indicating and verifying synonyms, and 
 reexamining and renaming specimens in the palaeontologcal 
 collection of the survey ; also from Mr. Oliver B. Harden and 
 Mr. Edward B. Harden, in carding some of the figures, and writ- 
 ing out references, and proof reading so far as their regular 
 work in other department of the survey would permit. Besides 
 the drawing of typical specimens of new species by Mr. Simpson, 
 a number of copies of Prof. Hall's lithographic figures were 
 made for me by Mr. F. Van Iterson, of Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 Copy for the whole of the second volume, N to Z, is ready 
 for the printer. 
 
 Palaeontological experts with large libraries and collections 
 at their command will not value highly this local and partial 
 compilation, whose author has no standing among them, and can 
 give them no help in their arduous professional labours. But 
 they will recognize the value of this book as a first experimental 
 
XIV LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 essay towards the construction and publication of what they 
 will all confess to be a desideratum in geology, viz : a com- 
 plete Encyclopedia of American Fossils, arranged alphabeti- 
 cally, every name furnished with figures, compiled not by one 
 hand, but by the zealous cooperation of all good Palaeontolo- 
 gists in America, for a thing that all need. It has been a dream 
 of mine for twenty years. I could never make it a reality ; 
 but I have been fortunately able to make an experiment by 
 which others can see how it can be done. 
 
 J. P. LESLEY. 
 
 Philadelphia, 1008 Cliiiton street, August 18, 1889. 
 
ACAK. 
 
 DICTI01!^ARY 
 
 OF 
 
 FOSSILS FOUND IN PENNSYLYANIA 
 
 AND ELSEWHEKE. 
 
 Acantherpestes major. Meek & Worthen. A caterpillar 
 ,--_^ - — — ^ .4!r-->^ i^yviopod) of the Coal 
 
 Age, found in a nodule of 
 the Mazon creek rocks in 
 Illinois ; from ZittePs Hand- 
 brick of P a 1 ae o n t o 1 o g y y 
 Leipsig, 1885, Vol. 2, p. 
 728, fig. 897, cne-half the 
 natural size ; fig. 5, of nat- 
 ural size showing the 
 breathing holes in the belly ;, 
 fig. c, two of these holes en- 
 larged Hve times. XII., 
 Note, it belongs to the Eu- 
 phoheria family of Scudder. 
 See Euphoberia armi- 
 gera. This family, includ- 
 ing thick baggy kinds, some 
 amphibious in their mode of 
 life, their leaf- like legs or 
 arms apparently adapted 
 for locomotion in water as^ 
 well on land, began in the 
 Coal age. XIIL 
 
AOAK. 
 
 2 
 
 Acanthotelson. See Appendix. 
 
 Acanthotelson eveni. (Meek & Worthen, Illinois Report 
 
 3,1868, p. 551; 
 Am. Jour. 
 Sci.,YoI46.) 
 CoUett's In- 
 diana, 1883, 
 page 176, 
 plate 38, figs. 
 4, back, nat- 
 ural size ; 5, 
 another, 
 crushed side- 
 wise; 6, front 
 legs and an- 
 teann^e en- 
 larged in dia- 
 gram; T, a 
 stylet en- 
 large d, — 
 found in the Illinois Coal 
 found in great abundance 
 
 Ind. IE83 
 
 Many such fragments have been 
 Measures, especially in the nodules 
 on Mazon creek. 
 
 Acanthotelson incequalis. See Palseocaris typus. XIII, 
 
 Acanthotelson stimpsoni. (Meek & Worthen, Illinois 
 
 Report, Vol. 2, 1866, 
 page 601, pi. 32.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana of 1883, 
 page 176, fig. 4. Back 
 of small specimen, a 
 little enlarged ; fig. 5, 
 2inoi\ieii: ^enlarged three 
 times^ flattened side- 
 wise. Found in 
 Grundy county. 111. 
 Coal Measures, XIII 
 
3 Acer. 
 
 Acervularia davidsoni. Edwards & Haime. From Col- 
 
 hLmi 
 
 m^^^^' p\.4-9.n 
 
 lett's Indiana Keport of 1881 (Van Cleve), page 386, plate 49, 
 
 fig. 2. Upper view of corallum, showing calices of the corallites ; 
 
 sometimes the mass is a foot in diameter, usually much less. 
 
 VIII^ Devonian of Indiana; common in Michigan and Iowa. 
 
 Acervularia rugosa (Astrwa rugosa), Hall, 1843, page 159, 
 
 Vflf.n. fig- ^2. 2. Cyathophyllum ru- 
 
 Art^S^K^^^^ 9^^^^'^ S. A. Miller's cata- 
 
 logue. Upper Helderberg (On- 
 ondaga) limestone, VIII^ a. 
 
 Note. — This is probably the 
 Acervularia ch'^racteristic of the 
 Lewistown limestone (VI) and 
 abundant in the lowest beds (for 
 50 feet) in Huntingdon county, 
 Pa., Report T, p. 41 ; also in the 
 same beds overlying the Water 
 lime beds, in the Aughwick val- 
 ley section, Report T3, p. 126 ; 
 also, 0. E. Hall's collections of 
 1875 near Orbisonia. 
 
ACRO. 
 
 4 
 
 AcroGulia. See Platyceras. 
 
 Acrolepis hortonensis. See Appendix. 
 
 Acrophyllum oneidaense {Clisiophyllum oneidcense^ Bil- 
 lings, Can. 
 Jour. 1859, 
 pa^e 128; 
 Rominger, 
 Foss. Coral. 
 1876.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana 
 of 1882, page 
 302, figs. 1, 
 showing in- 
 side view part 
 of the cup ; 
 fig. 2, of a 
 weathered 
 cylindrical 
 form, show- 
 ing the ab- 
 
 n^' 9/) 9 ^"P^ ™^ ^^ 
 
 fcuqC v>C//,;the tabulae 
 VI n, a Corniferous limestone of the Falls 
 
 hd. /sm 
 
 toward the center, 
 ot' the Ohio. 
 
 See Clisiophyllum oneidaense, 
 
 Acrophyllu7n oneidmme. 
 Villa. 
 
 AcTothele matthewi {Liny ula matthewi. Hartt). Wal- 
 
 cott. Bulletin No. 10, U. S. G. 
 S., page 15, plate 1, fig. 4, a dorsal 
 7 valve, enlarged to two, and fig. 
 4 ^, a supposed ventral valve, 
 enlarged to four diameters. (See 
 Acad. Geol. Dawson, 2d ed., p. 
 644, fig. 221.) L. C. Lower Cambrian (St. John = Welsh Mene- 
 vian) formation, New Brunswick. 
 
 Actinoceras inops. See Appendix. 
 
 Actinocrinus eucharis.. See Appendix. 
 
ACTI. 
 
 V/n c. 
 
 Actinodesma erectum. (Avicula erecta, Conrad, 1842, 
 
 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. Vol. 
 8, pi. 12, fig. 5. Eedrawn by G. B. 
 Simpson. — Hamilton group.) 
 
 Well preserved specimens found 
 by J. J. Stevenson in the river 
 gaps of Fayette and Westmoreland 
 counties. Pa., and determined by 
 Prof. James Hall, are especially 
 interesting, as arguing the thinn- 
 Conry'^^mmSS^-^.A MS Mil, 12 Ing out of the overlying Cattskill, 
 and at the same time proving this fossil to have lived to the 
 end of the Chemung age. See Report KKK, 1878, pp. 309, 311. 
 
 Actinodesma subrectum. 
 
 ( Wliitfield'^s DesG. Weio Spec^ 
 . , Foss,,^ Ohio), 
 /^2L Drawn by G.B. 
 Simpson from 
 specimen 59- 
 B. 18, in Clay- 
 pole's collec- 
 tions from Per- 
 ry Co. Pa. See 
 preface to Rt. 
 F 2, page xiv. 
 (It closely re- 
 sembles Glyp- 
 todesma erec- 
 tiim^ Hall, Pal. 
 
 N. Y., Vol. V, part 1, plate 12, fig. ^,)—Yin g, Hamilton for- 
 mation. Perry Co., Pa. 
 
 Clai] 
 
 Note. In bottom bed of Hamilton middle shale, almost in 
 contact with underlying sandstone, in railroad cut near Bedford 
 Co. line, Cove Station, Huntingdon Co. Pa., I. C. White, Re- 
 port T. 3, page 111. — In Claypoles's Perry Co. collections are 
 the following examples of this fossil : 59-B-4 (3) ; 69-B-18 (5) ; 
 59-18 (2); 94-9 (1); 196-5 (3=^14 soecimens in alD. 
 
Act I. 
 
 6 
 
 Actinodesma {new and undetermined form) in J. J. Steven- 
 son's collections from the lowest strata visible in the anticli- 
 nal mountain gaps of Westmoreland and Fayette Counties, 
 Pa. Keport KKK, 1878, p.3 11, list No. 14. 
 
 Actinopteria birostrata. (Drawn from a specimen, so 
 Vni ^_ labelled, in Claypole's collections from Perry 
 
 county, Pa. Not mentioned in lists of Pre- 
 face to report F 2, p. xiv. VIII e ? Hamil- 
 ton? formation. Note. — Of Hall's nineteen 
 species, only the following six have been 
 
 T '-^-f.-'- r-o recognised, as yet, in Pennsylvania.' 
 
 ActinopteT'ia boydii {epsilon?) Conrad. (Hall, Palseon- 
 ^J.5^ iology of New York, Vol. 5, part 1, page 123, 
 plate 23, fig. 5, 6.) Note.— In the text Hall 
 gives A, epsilon as figs. 4, 8, (5 and 6?) but in 
 the plate lists Actinoptera (sic) epsilon as fig. 4, 
 and hoydi as figs. 5, 6. Till g. Lower part of 
 H.V,j. ^"'***^*^j .23; Chemung formation at Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 Actinopteria delta. Hall, Palaeont. New York, Vol. V. 
 3 part 1, page 121, plate 23, fig. 3 ; fine concentric 
 striae on the shell, obscure on the cast — YIII g. 
 Lower part of the Chemung formation at Ithaca, 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 H.V, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Actinopteria decussata. (Hall, Pal. Vol. V, part 1, 1883, 
 
 platel8,fig.ll; Hamil- 
 ton). Found by E. 
 W. Claypole ; 1 spec. 
 82, at Barnett's mills, 
 in Hamilton upper 
 slate. Perry county ; 
 and three specs. 13, 
 at Mapleton, in Hunt- 
 ington county. Pa. 
 See Cat. 000; F 2; 
 and T 3, page 109.— 
 YIII G. Hamilton. 
 
 "■'^: 
 
ACTI. 
 
 VUi 
 
 H,pcii,y,»\ 
 
 Actinopteria perstrialis. Hall, Palaeontology New York, 
 
 Vol. 5, part 1, page 118, plate 23, figs. 2, Y 
 and plate 84, fig. 12 ; differs from A, tenui- 
 striatus as more oblique, with longer hinge 
 line, and closer, stronger rays. — VIII g, 
 lower part of Chemung, near Ithaca, N. 
 Y. Claypole's Perry Co. collections (Catalogue in 000), 
 specimens 8 from station 37, 2^^ m. N. of Liverpool, in YIIl 
 g^ Chemung; and specs. 19, 22-23, from station 57, Junkin's 
 farm, 5 m. S. of New Bloomfield, F///-/X, Chemung-Cat- 
 skill beds. — Notk — Perhaps Leiorhynohus perstrialis ? 
 
 Actinopteria subdecussata. Hall, Pal. Vol. V, part I, 
 
 advanced sheets, 1883, plate 17, fig. 25. — 
 YIII. Hamilton ? formation. Found by 
 Claypole in Perry Co., Pa., two specs. 161, 
 at Stat. 5, Barrett's mills ; and two specs. 
 19, at stat. 233, W. Koseburg, Saville town- 
 ship, in VIJI G^ Hamilton upper shales. 
 
 Actinopteria zeta. Drawn from specimen 13, from Station 
 
 71, near LeRoy, Bradford county. 
 Pa., in E. W. Claypole's collection ; 
 see Cat. in Report 000. VIII-IX, 
 Chemung-Catskill passage beds. See 
 Report F. 2, 1878, preface, page xv- 
 — Note. — Hall gives the following 
 species: Auriculata, doris, epsilon, 
 eta, eximia, iota, kappa, leander, 
 
 muricata, perobliqua, pusilla, tenuistriata, and theta. 
 
 Adiantites lochschiana, /^ee Noggerathia bockschian, X 
 
 Viii- 
 
 ;i 
 
 J 
 
 stir J 
 
 Agaricocrinus springeri. 
 
 hulAUl. pl40 
 
 Collett, Indiana Report of 
 1881, page 363, plate 
 40, fig. 2,anal side view 
 (spines broken off,) 
 fig. 4, basal view. XL 
 S ubcarboniferous 
 (either Keokuk or St. 
 Louis limestone.) 
 
Agel. 
 
 Agelacrinus hamiltonensis. Vanuxem, page 306, fig. 80. 
 
 I Hamilton forma- 
 tion, YIIL c— For 
 another species of 
 this curious and 
 beautiful kind of 
 early echinoderm 
 
 ] holbrooM^ see U. P. 
 James, in Journal 
 of the Cincinnati 
 Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 
 
 X, No. 1, 1888. 
 
 Agnostus acadicus {Agnostus siniilis) Walcott. Bulletin 
 
 LA 2^ 
 
 2& 
 
 No. 10, U.S. G.S., page 
 plate 2, fig. 2a, a head shield 
 enlarged two diameters ; and 
 figs. 2, 25, 2(?, tail pieces (py- 
 gidia) enlarged three diam- 
 eters. (See Hartt's descriptions in Dawson's Acadian Ge- 
 ology, 2d ed. pp. 655, 656, 1868.— L. C. Lower Cambrian 
 (Saint John) formation, New Brunswick, (c. Agnostus cam- 
 hrensis, Hicks, Q. J. E. S. London, XXVII, 400, 1871; Me- 
 nevian formation; also Agnostus Irevifrons, Angelid, Pal. 
 Scan. p. 6, 1852, in Norway rocks ; also, Agnostus interger^ 
 Beyr. Sil. Syst. Boheme, I, p. 900, 1852.— White's Agnostus 
 inter str ictus, E. & S. W. 100th M. IV, p. 38, in Cambrian 
 rocks, Utah, almost identical with it.) 
 
 Agnostus lattts See Beyrichia lata. V. a. 
 Agnostics lohatus. See Microdiscus lobatus. See Bey- 
 Ttchia lolata. See Appendix. 
 Agnostus nobilis. (From Ford's original figure, 1872, in 
 Am. Jour. Sci. [3] III, 421, figs 1. 2.) Wal- 
 cott, Bulletin 30, U. S. G. S page 150, plate 
 16, fig. 7. (Original specimen lost). M. C. 
 Middle Cambrian limestone bed east of Troy, 
 N. Y., containing also Olenellus asaphoides., 
 Agnostus lohatus, Ololella coelata, and Obolella 
 desquarnata, (Compare Hall's Agnostus parilis, 
 of the Wisconsin Potsdam formation, except in size.) 
 
 MC." PI. 16 
 
9 Agno. 
 
 Agnostus similis. See Agnostus acadicus. L. C. 
 
 Agnostus ? reported by Prof. H. D. Rogers as found, 
 
 with IlemiGrypterus^ and a small branching fucoid, in F, Clin- 
 ton lower calcareous shale, 5 m. below Jersey Shore, in Ly- 
 coming county, Pa. Geol. Pa. 1858, Vol. 1, page 536 ; quoted 
 also in Report T, page 43. 
 
 Agraulos quadrangularis. {Arionellus quadrangularis,) 
 LC »' rt 7 W^l^^^^^ Bulletin No. 10, U. S. G. S. page 
 ^^Ib.* ^^' pl?ie 7, fig. 1 ; a head exclusive of the 
 
 free cheeks, and of natural size, in Prof. 
 Shaler's collection. (A smaller spec, in 
 Mus. Post. S. N. H. shows a small spine. 
 See Ordway, Proc. B. S. N. H. VIII, 6, 1861.) 
 L. C. Lower Cambrian (Braintree argillite) formation, S. 
 Brain tree, Mass., with Paradoxides harlanL 
 
 Alectorurus cincinnaticus. See Spirophyton cincinnati- 
 cum. /// h. 
 
 Alethopteris^ a genus of carboniferous ferns of many de- 
 scribed European and American species. See Report P, on 
 the Coal Flora of Pennsylvania, and the U. S. by Leo Lesquereux. 
 Of the latter are : A, ambigua^ from Pennsylvania ; hunhuryi^ 
 from Ohio; GOxana.lLeiiinQkj \ distans^Fa.] /alcata^ III. \ gib- 
 soni^Fa.; grandifolia^ Ohio; grandis^'i^.S.] halU^Ill,'; helence. 
 Pa.; holdeni^ Ohio \ hymenophylloides.^ 111. \ in/lata^ III.] Icevis^ 
 Pa. ; lanceolata^ 111. ; lonchitica^^ Pa. ; macrophylla^ Ohio ; 7nas- 
 sillonis^ 111.; maxima^ Ohio; mazonana., 111.; ohscura.^ Pa.; 
 oweni., Arkansas ; pectinata, 111. ; pennsylvanica. Pa. ; phicken- 
 eti., Pa. and Europe ; rugosa. Pa. ; serlii^ Pa. and Europe ; ser- 
 rula, Pa. ; solida^ 111. ; spinulosa^ 111. ; stellata^ 111. ; all found 
 in the roof shales of coal beds. Alethopteris Virginia lived late 
 
 in the Carboniferous Permian age. S. W. Pa. and W. Va. ; dis- 
 Gvepans., ingens^ perleyi^ are species found by Dawson in the 
 much' earlier Devonian rocks of Nova Scotia. Alethopteris^ 
 specimen 3126, Rept-. O, with sphenoptoris cristata^ came from 
 the Bond vein mine, Alton, McKean Co., Fa., belonging in the 
 Mercer group between the Upper and Middle Conglomerates, 
 XII G^ XII b. Alethopteris extraordinarily abundant in roof of 
 
Alet. 
 
 10 
 
 Bed B, Hunt, county, Pa. {XIII)\ T3, p. 61. Alethopteris 
 ambigua^ lonchitica^ nervosa^ pluckeneti^ serlit^ sullivanti^ are 
 all found in the roof of the Darlington coal bed (Kittanning 
 group) in Beaver county, Pa., Rt. Q, p. 54. Good specimens of 
 an Alethopteris are got from roof uf Redstone coal, Monongahela 
 series (XF), Report KK, p. 254. Alethopteris Virginia is found 
 over the Waynesburg coal (XF//), K, p. 59; PP. 
 
 Alethopteris distans. See Alethopteris lonchitica. XIII, 
 Alethopteris gigas ? Geinitz. Fontaine & White's Flora, 
 
 Wmi^iimnjm6(mm>& 
 
 
 r, ^ w. rP- 
 
 ri.^i 
 
 Rt. PP, 1880, page 89, plate 33, fig. 5, 6 ; found only in sandy 
 shale (which does not preserve the side nerves) at Bellton, 
 Marshall Co., W. Va., 500 feet above Pittsburgh bed.— XF/, 
 XF//, upper coal measures. — Note. At Bellaire, O., larger, 
 stouter specimens occur, 20 feet helow the Pittsburg bed. A, 
 gigas is an European Permian plant. 
 
 Alethopteris grandifolia. (Newberry 1873, Pal. ()hio,Vol. 
 
 I, p. 384, plate 48, 
 flgs. 1, 2; la being 
 two pinnules much 
 enlarged to show the 
 veins). Specimens 
 in Pennsylvania col- 
 lected from Sharon 
 shales (low in forma- 
 tion XII) in Law- 
 rence county, QQ, p. 
 97; and in Mercer 
 county, from roof of 
 Mc^ry, Ted 0. ^ol. i ^^ 9L43. Sharon coal bed, 
 QQQ, pp. 53, 126, loO. In the Subconglomerate on New River 
 at Quinnemont, W. Va. PP, p. 11.— -X//. Ought to be found 
 in the Lykens Valley and anthracite collieries. 
 
11 
 
 AlET. 
 
 Alethopteris longchitica. Filicites loh chitica of Sternberg, 
 
 7 
 
 pCed^. 
 
 91 Z^.\ 
 
 1824. Flora der Vorwtii; ••adder's longae Jern."') Found by 
 Lesquereux (Coal Flora, p. 887, pi. 28, fig 7), in the Sub- con- 
 glomerate; Conglomerate anthracite coals D. E. F.; Bituminous 
 coals A, B, C ; that is, it is one of the early ferns of the coal age, 
 at least in America. — X/, X/7, XIIL — I. C. White collected it 
 from the Sharon shales {XII) in Lawrence and Mercer cos. Pa. 
 QQ, 97; QQQ, 53, 126, 160, 197. Note. This fern has received 
 
 many names: Alethop- 
 teris lonchitidis^ vulga- 
 tior^ sternbergii^ distans 
 (see Geol. Pa. 1858, pi. 
 12, F2), Pecopteris lon- 
 chitica^ urophylla^ dav- 
 reuxii. Lesq. Coal Flora, 
 page 177. Alethopteris 
 distans was figured by 
 Lesquereux in Geol. Pa. 
 ■.^f J 1858, plate 12, F2, which 
 '^L^^IfU3^5^^2 is here added; but he 
 
 says (Geol. Pa. p. 865) that his specimens might be referred 
 to other species. In A. lonchitica the shape, size and mode of 
 attachment of the leaflets are extremely variable; but they are 
 in general narrower and longer than those of other species, 
 lance-shaped all the way to the pointed end, and difi'erently 
 veined. Three distinct varieties of this species are noted by 
 Lesquereux. 
 
 Alethopteris muricata. See Pseudopecopteris muricata, 
 XIII 
 
Alet. 
 
 12 
 
 Zt'^gJSSS 
 
 Alethopteris nervosa. {Pecopterisnervosa.Brogwt) Les- 
 
 qiiereux, Geol. 
 Pa., 1858, plate 
 18, fig. 3, Za. He 
 does not rede- 
 scribe or refigure 
 itin Coal Flora, P, 
 1880, but alludes 
 to it on p. 199, 
 under Pseudope- 
 coptevis suhner- 
 vosa. — Note that 
 
 JUlhoi'trns nervosa. . PI ■ /d . AUthoptevis UCT- 
 
 nervosa is the European species. See Gceppart's Syst. Fil. 
 Foss., p. 212. — XIII, Abundant in the Anthracite measures at 
 Pottsville, Shamokin, &c., but is very variable ; "• sometimes 
 the leaflets large and acute ; sometimes near the top of the 
 fronds the pinnae are only pinnately lobed, with round, short, 
 entire lobes, oval, obtuse or slightly undulate." But it is all 
 one species, for Lesquereux found all the varieties together in 
 one specimen, proving it to be Brogniart's species. 
 
 Alethopteris ohsciira. See Callipteridium rugosum, XIII. 
 Alethopteris obscura, Lesq. So called because of the diffi- 
 
 ' X I// , v# ^5 y^; /-^^ X: c u 1 1 V o f 
 
 making out 
 any second- 
 ary nerves. 
 Geology of 
 Pennsylva- 
 nia, 18 5 8, 
 Vol. 2, p. 
 865, plate 1, 
 figs. 3, 3a. — 
 
 7- v^^^^iPNB^^- / XIII An- 
 
 ^^'Hy ^^^^ /S5Z:L thr-acite 
 Coal Measures, Gate Vein, Pottsville. Note. Unique speci- 
 men, and only the upper part of a frond. — See Callipteridium 
 rugosum. 
 
13 
 
 Alet. 
 
 Alethopteris pennsylvanica. Lesquereux, Coal Flora, p. 
 
 . • XIII. 
 
 
 
 PI 11 
 
 181; Bost. Jour. S. N. H. Vol. 6,p. 423 ; Geol. Pa. 1858, p. 864, 
 pi. XI, figs. 1,2; Geol. Rt. 111. IV.; Schimper, I., 562. Has 
 the general look of A, lielencB ; and Schimper compares it with 
 A. grandmi of Brogniart. Lesquereux found it in the Salem 
 anthracite bed at Pottsville, Pa. ; in M. Lacoe's collection at 
 Pittston, Pa , labeled Mai tby. Pa. ; and one poor fragment from 
 the Morris coal, 111. In the Broad Top coal field of Hunting- 
 don county, this fern, or one very closely allied to it, makes 
 up almost the whole flora of the roof shale of the Cook (= 
 Fulton bed == bed B) at Powelton, also in the Ocean mine 
 tunnel. I. C. White in Report T3, pp. 61, 62; the same 
 abundance and exclusiveness (perhaps with a few A. serlii) 
 
Alet. 
 
 14 
 
 in McHugh's well ; and at Carbon colliery No. 1, T3, pp. 310, 
 319, 325. In the roof of the Barnet (bed A) a few fragments 
 only were seen at the Reed mine. XIII, 
 
 Alethopteris robusta. Lesq. New species (not figured) 
 inLacoe's cabinet at Pittston ; from Cannelton, Pa. Additions 
 to Coal Flora, P, p. 835, 1884. XIII 
 
 Alethopteris rugosa. See Callipteridium rugosum. 
 XIII 
 
 Alethopteris serlii. {Peoopteris serlii^ Brogniart, 1882,) 
 
 f 
 
 Collett's Indiana of 1883, page 58, plate 12, fig. 2. (See Les- 
 quereux's Coal Flora, Report P, Penn. Geol. Survey, plate 29, 
 figs. 1 to 5.) XIII\ lower strata of the Middle Coal Measures; 
 abounds in the Mammoth bed, anthracite region ; not rare at 
 Cannelton, Beaver Co., Pa.; abundant in Mazon creek nodules, 
 III. — In the Broad Top coal basin, Middle Pennsylvania, I. C. 
 White reports that A, serlii seems to be mixed occasionally 
 with the A, pennsylvanica leaves which crowd the bottom of 
 the Powelton shale, over the Cook-Fulton bed B, as at Mc- 
 Hugh's. T3, pp. 62, 310. — Also that it is found in the black 
 slate under Campbell's ledge conglomerate in the gap at Pitts- 
 ton, Luzerne county. Pa. G 7, page 39. XI 
 
 Alethopteris serriila. See Pecopteris serrula. XIII 
 
 Alethopteris solida. See Pecopteris solida. XIII 
 
15 
 
 Alet. 
 
 Alethopteris sullivaiiti. See Callipteridium suUivanti. 
 XIIL 
 Alethopteris virginiana. Fontaine & White, Geol. Siir. 
 
 Pa., PF, 1880, page 88, plate 32, figs. 1 to 5; 33 figs. 1 to 4 
 Finnc'© very long, because fragments of one-foot length are 
 found, but always single fallen ones, often the only plant pre- 
 served by thousands in the upper fine parting shale (under top 
 bench) of the Waynesburg coal, at Cassville. In the roof 
 shale of the top coal bench, full of all other plants, this Ale- 
 thopteris is wholly absent at Cassville and elsewhere. Has a 
 great variety of forms running into each other. Plate 33, fig. 
 1, shows swellings (? fruits). Compare Lesq. 111. Rt. 4, pi. 10, f. 
 6, for similar fruitage to A, inAata. Upper coal measures. — 
 XVIL 
 
 Note. — The genus Alethopteris includes many of the most 
 common ferns of the coal age, especially Aleth. lonchitica^ 
 which abounds in all coal regions, and seems to have been as 
 common in the coal swamps as the Pteris aquilina is now in 
 Europe and America. The characteristic feature of its leaflets 
 is that they adhere to the little stalk by their whole base and 
 touch each other at their bases. Dawson. 
 
Alet. 16 
 
 Algae {Thallasophytes. Sea-weeds), Coal Flora, Report P, 
 1880, 1884. Being generally of soft cellular tissue, are seldom 
 preserved in the rocks; those thrown up now on the sandy sea- 
 shores in vast abundance rapidly disappear by decomposition 
 and evaporation. Where the shore is muddy the clay absorbs 
 and retains a portion of the oils into which they are partially 
 decomposed ; and this is one explanation of the great black 
 shale formations^ like VIII h Marcelliis^ & VIII e Oenesee 
 which contain large percentages of bituminous matter ; 
 although much of this contained hydro-carbon seems to be the 
 product of the decomposition of macrospores and microspores 
 (large and small plant-seeds). The vast abundance of the fos- 
 sil forms or casts of seaweeds in the Chemung and Catskill 
 ( VIII g^ IX) strata of north western Pennsylvania, serves to 
 apply the same explanation for the origin of petroleum. In 
 the Arctic seas seaweeds now grow to a vast size, rivalling 
 large tree trunks. In the midile of the Atlantic circular cur- 
 rents bring together such quantities of living seaweed that an 
 area several hundred miles in extent, called the Sargasso Sea^ 
 struck the Phoenician seamen with alTright, and impedes the 
 progress of modern sailing vessels. A world of animal life, 
 fish, etc., feed in it; and this helps to explain the abundance of 
 fossil fishes in the Devonian rocks. Schimper (Pal. Veg. vol. 
 1, p. 149) asserts that seven or eight thousand species of living 
 seaweeds have been described. They form floating prairies on 
 the surface of the North Pacific ocean between Japan and the 
 Kurile islands. The absence of fossil seaw^eeds in the coal 
 measures is as remarkable as their abundance in the underly- 
 ing Devonian strata. Probably the first true fossil seaweed of 
 the coal measures ever noticed was the Taonurus {caiiler piles) 
 marginatus^ found by Lesquereux in 1865 (described in Trans. 
 Amer. Philos. Soc, 1866) as dim cocktail markings on a dark 
 grey lime shale, in the Pottsville conglomerate formation No. 
 X//, on Slippery Rock creek in Lawrence county, Pa., which 
 become distinctly visible when the stone is covered with water. 
 (Described in report J, p. 96.) No doubt these plants were 
 the lineal descendants of the Caudagalli (cocktail) seaweeds 
 of the early and late Devonian strata (For. F//, VIIL) Sea- 
 weeds however must have existed in some abundance in the 
 coal age. Paleophycus {}l2ill-=FuGoides antiguics^ Schimper) 
 
17 ALGiE. 
 
 milleri; P. gracilis; divaricatus are described by Lesq. in Coal 
 Flora, 1880, pp. 10, 11, 12, as found in iron stone nodules in a 
 bed of clay over coal L of the Indiana coal field; Asterophy- 
 Gus (starry seaweed) coxii, from sandstone beds in the Upper 
 and Lower Coal measures on the Wabash ; Aster opliyciis sim- 
 plex^ from irony clay over the conglomerate in Beaver Co.,, 
 Fa. See Coal Flora, Plate B, figs. 7, 8 ; Conostychus however 
 is too much like the sponges to be accepted without hesitation 
 as a plant. 
 
 Dendrophycus desorii is another form of the early coal age. 
 Coal Flora, p. 700. (This Dawson calls a rill- marking; Geol. 
 Hist. Plants, 1888, p. 33.) Dictyophyton (net plant) of the 
 Chemung age ( VIII g) is placed by Lesquereux among the sea 
 weeds. The much earlier Silurian sea weeds, so called^ like 
 Bilohites^ Palmochorda^ Palwophytus^ licrophycus^ Rutliro- 
 trephis^ Aster ophycus^ Rusophycus^ Arthrophyciis^ Crusiana^ 
 Eophyton^ are now pretty generally accepted as worm hurrows^ 
 worm tracks^ worm dung^ and the various kinds of marks left 
 by various kinds of most ancient (as well as modern living) 
 animals on the shallow sea bottom ; as proved by Nathorst of 
 Sweden, and Dawson of Canada. See Geol. Hist of Plants, 
 Dawson, NeAv York, 1888, p. 26. Such are now called Pro- 
 tichnites^ (See Protichnites lineatus) ; liiisicJmites^ (See 
 E,usiclinites acadicus); Nereites^ Planulites^ Phabdiclinites^ 
 etc. Shrinkage cracks have also often been mistaken for fossil 
 sea weeds. But this idea, carried too far under the inspiration 
 of Nathorst's admirable researches, has produced a reaction. 
 The best paloeontologists express the opinion that some of the 
 Cambrian and Silurian forms must be accepted as true fossil 
 fucoids; and that sea-plant life must have long preceded land- 
 plant life. 
 
 In the collections of the Survey are good specimens of algm 
 from Venango County: see Report O, No. 2912, in Sandy 
 shale, Milltown hill, 3 m. e. of Pleasantville ; 2945, in gray 
 sandstone, Henderson farm ; 2951, on green sand shale, Pooker 
 farm, Pithole ; 2943, in gray sandstone, McGee run ; 3268, in 
 Pocono X, sandstone, e. end. Oil City bridge. From McKean 
 Co., 3635, and 3657 on Chemung^ VIII g. green shale, hill e. of 
 DeGolier. 
 
Allo. 
 
 18 
 
 Allorisma clavata. McGhesney. New Pal. Foss Chester 
 group, recognized by J. J. Stevenson in the Siibcarboniferous 
 rocks in the gaps of Chestnut Ridge and Laurel Hill, in West- 
 moreland and Fayette Cos. Fa. Report KKK, p. 311. — X 
 
 ^rissaa siibcnneata. (Meek & Hayden. Froc. Acad. 
 
 N. S. Fhil. 1858. 
 Fal. Upper Mis- 
 souri 1861: p. 37, 
 pi. 1, fig. 10) Col- 
 lett/s Indiana of 
 1883, page 148, 
 plate 31, fig. 1, 2, 
 3, {XI I Q found 
 \\ i\Ch\^' throughout the 
 Coal Measures of 
 Indiana. — Al so 
 Found in Mill Cr. 
 liwestone bed. 
 1000'above(X/7) 
 Conglomerate, in 
 Upper Anthracite 
 Measures near 
 rl«3i, AYilkesbarre, Lu- 
 zerne C . Pa. An. Ft. Geol. Sur. Fa. 1885, page 444, fig. 10; 
 page 451). (ig. lOA. Heilprin. Monongahela seiies. XT, 
 
 Alloriema terminalis. Hall, Stansbury's Expedition to 
 the Great Salt Lake, 1852. Coal measures (Subcarboniferous. ) 
 Recognized by J. J. Stevenson in the Subcarhoiiiferoits rocks 
 of the gays of Chestnut Ridge and Laurel Hill in Westmore- 
 land and Fayette Cos., Pa. Report KKK, p. 311.— X 
 
 irisiiia ? Sulcarloniferoiis rocks in gaps in West- 
 
 moreland and Fayette. J. J. Stevenson. Report KKK, p. 
 311.— a: 
 
 : — ? Decker's creek shale under Mahoning SS. 
 
 
 top of Allegheny series (Lower Productive) coal measures, 
 Morgantown, W. Va. J. J. Stevenson's section in Report L, p. 
 
 37.-^- Xlll. 
 
 Allorisma ? '^Waverly form," in Cuyahoga shale {oub- 
 
 conqlomerate) Mouth of Hickory Cr., Lawrence Co., Pa. L C. 
 White, Rt. QQ,, pp. 70, 124. XU X? 
 
19 
 
 Allo. 
 
 Allorisma ? in Shenango shales, in Crawford shales, in 
 
 Sharps villa sandstone, and in Berea grit ? all Siibconglomerate 
 form atoms in Mercer Co., Pa. I. C. White, Rt. QQQ, pp. 60,61 , 
 62,12-1,158.— X. 
 
 Allorisma ? badly preserved and rare in Shenango upper 
 
 shales, XI, Crawford Co., Fa. I. C. White, Rt. QQQQ,p. 78, in 
 Meadville lower shale, p. 85, and in Sharpsville upper sand- 
 stone (between the Meadville limestones) at all exposures, p. 
 %^, Also, ^'Subcarboniferous form" in KippePs sandstone 
 quarry, under Olean Conglomerate (No. XII) Klippsville, p. 
 134. Also low in the Corry sandstone at Corry, p. 230. — XI. 
 
 Alveolites explanatiis ? recognized by Simpson, doubt- 
 fully, among Hale & HalFs collections near Orbisonia, Hunt- 
 ingdon Co., Pa. Loioer Held. VI. See 00, Pal. Cat. p. 234, 
 one spec. 601-27, encrusting ChcBtetes'i^ four 601-23, in frag- 
 ments : and two marked 601-31. 
 
 Alveolites goldfussi. (Billings, 1859, Can. Jour.) Collett's 
 
 .^.sMfmmfmMtm^ Indiana Re- 
 
 Indiana Re- 
 port of 1881, 
 page 397, 
 plate 54, tig. 
 3, upper 
 view of a 
 corallum. — 
 Ha milt on 
 formation in 
 New York, 
 Canada, &c. 
 VIIIg. 
 
 Alveolites minima. C. E. HalFs collections of 1875 near 
 
 Orbisonia, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Proc. A. P. S. Jan. 5, 1876. 
 
 Abundant in the lower 50' of Lewistown limestone, over the 
 
 Waterlime. Report T, p. 41, & T3, p. 126. Lower Ilelderherg. 
 
 VL 
 
 Alveolites ? niagarensis ? A doubtful genus and species ; 
 found by Hall & Hale near Orbisonia, in F/; closely re- 
 sembling Rominger's figures and descriptions ; but the tubes 
 look like some sponges. G. B. Simpson, 1888. See 00, Pal. 
 
Alve. ^U 
 
 Oat. p. 234, sixteen specimens, 601-24. Another specimen, 
 equally doubtful is 601-34. 
 
 Alveolites ? With the last at Orbisonia. — VI. 
 
 Ambocoelia biconvexa, n. s. 01 ay pole, in the Salina 
 rocks of Montour Co., etc., extends from the Bastard limestone 
 up to the Oriskany, Veto VII. I. C. White. Keport G7, p. 101. 
 
 Ambocoelia umbonata. (Orthis nucleus.) Hall, page, 
 yuih. 180,hg. 71, 8. Vlllh. Marcellusand F///(?. Hamil- 
 ^ ton. See Conrad J. Ac. N. S. Phila. Vol. VIII. At 
 ^^W Marshall's Falls, Monroe Co., eastern Pa., it was collected 
 'f^ bv C. E. Hall from both the Marcellus ( Vlllb) and 
 Hamilton proper ( VIII c)] also by Claypole in Perry 
 Co., middle Pa., from both. On the Susquehanna, I. C. White 
 found it in the Selinsgrove Lower and Upper limestones. G7, 
 pp. 79, 80, 360 ; near the top of the Marcellus p. 76, 230 ; in 
 Huntingdon Co., McConnellstown section, near HefFner-s mill, 
 abundantly 10' below top of Marcellus, T3, p. 198; abundant 
 along Murray's run, E. Oneida township, p. 261 ; also at Cove 
 station, p. 115; at the Car Works in Huntingdon, p. 115; vast 
 numbers in top beds of Marcellus between McConnellstown and 
 its railway station ; also 203d mile post near Huntingdon, p. 113. 
 In the Hamilton Lower inhales., at the Coffee Run RR. quarry, 
 Huntingdon Co., T3, p. 112. On the Susquehanna, I. C. White 
 found it in Hamilton Shales, G7, p. 75 ; at the base, 50' from 
 the top, and at the top of the Hamilton sandstone mass, p. 219, 
 230, 359 at Selinsgrove. In Huntingdon Co., in Hamilton 
 Upper shales.^ at Mapleton, T3, p. 109, and in the Patterson 
 section, p. 186. In the Tally limestone, I. C. White found it 
 on Little Fishing creek ; in Madison, Columbia Co.; at Cata- 
 wissa ; in Liberty township, Montour Co. ; and at South Dan- 
 ville, G7, pp. 75, 207, 229, 289, 310, 352. It is in fact the most 
 abundant fossil in the Tully limestone in middle Pa., T3, 108; 
 the only perfectly defined shell in the mass of broken shells, 
 p. 108; as at Cove station, Huntingdon Co., p. 107, and No. 4 
 of the Mapleton Section, p. 273. Li the Chemung strata., two 
 of its horizons are at 275' and 300' below the Lackawanna 
 (Chemung Upper) conglomerate, at Haun's Bridge, Hunting- 
 don Co., T3, p. 98. It is astonishing to find it in the Carbon- 
 iferous lime shale below the Pittsburgh coal bed, near Harvey's 
 five points, Westmoreland Co. C. E. Hall's collections, MS. 
 
21 Ambo. 
 
 report Dec. 30, 1876, Vlllh up to VII Ig, and XIV. In Clay- 
 pole's collections in Perry county there are 77 specimens from 
 20 collectino; stations. See Kept. 000, Cat. of Museum, 1888. 
 Specimens in the cabinet 00, Pal. Coll. by Fellows & Genth, 
 1875, Marshall's creek, Monroe Co., Pa., IlamMton shale^ VIIIc^ 
 804-91; 804-93-2; 806-8. G. B. Simpson, 1888. Specimen 
 807-46 from Kintner's farm, Marshall's creek, Monroe Co., 
 IlamMton strata, VII Ic, 858-4 (good); 860-74^; both from 
 near Mansfield, Tioga Co. Upper Chemung (Sherwood) VII Ig. 
 Ambocoelia umbonata, Var. gregaria, Hall, page 267, fig. 
 
 121, 5, Vlllg, Chemung 
 formation. ( Or this un- 
 guiculus, Hall. Atrypa 
 
 '^^ ^^ ""^^^^^^^^^^S^x '^^^^^^'<^^^'^^'^^Sowerby,Geol. 
 .-u /.:-^3. ^«^^^. ^.^1 Trans. [21 LI V, f. 80 See 
 
 Hall, 13th Kt. of Eegents, 
 1860. In Columbia Co.,Pa., 
 in sandstone (Stony Brook beds) base of Chemung ( Vlllg), 
 G. 7, p. 210. In Huntingdon Co., Pa., in No. 6 of Haun's bridge, 
 Chemung section, T3, p. 194 ; specially numerous in a very fos- 
 siliferous bed, 1100' beneath Lackawaxen (U. Chemung) con- 
 glomerate, and 250' beneath Allegrippus (L. Chemung) cong. 
 S. bank Juniata river, T3, p. 193. In lime shales under Mar- 
 cellus ( Villa) Coffee Run section, T3, p. 171. In Bedford Co., 
 Pa., 100' beneath Allegrip. Cong. T2, p. 79; also 1000' beneath 
 Al. Cong, in dark Portage ( Villi) sandstone. Yellow Creek 
 section, p. 80; abundant in thin ferrug. bed traceable across 
 Juniata township, p. 113; Sutter's, Napier t. p. 117; in Che- 
 mung flags, near Diehl house, p. 117; near Colvin's, p. 117; 
 Chemung brownish red sandstone, St. Clair t. p. 122 ; in blocks 
 of Allegrippus (L. Chemung) conglomerate, Scrubgrass cr., 
 King t. p. 133 (possibly not this species) ; in Chemung flaggy 
 sandstone near Union t. line, p. 133; in many shale layers ^z;^?^ 
 Alleg. cong. Southampton t. p. 205; in Chemung cong. Addi- 
 son ridge crest, \ m. e. of Cherry Grove, p. 215. Spec. 807-40, 
 Kintner's farm, Marshall's creek, Monroe Co. ; 808-1, 22, Ding- 
 man's Creek falls. Pike Co. ; both Irom Hamilton strata., VIIIc 
 860-74, from near Mansfield, Tioga Co. Upper Chemung (Sher- 
 wood) Vlllg. — For calinet specimens see Appendix. 
 
 Ambrocoelia ? Claypole's collections, Catalogue 
 
 000, station 151, No. 5, one specimen. 
 
Ambo. 
 
 22 
 
 Amboccelia- 
 
 fill fc4^^h^-i 
 
 'il; \ ^# 
 
 
 mg 
 
 Unclerscribed species? Spec, 810-4, (0, p. 
 235), from south slope Hogback, Swanee road, Pike Co., from 
 lower beds of Upper Ilelderherg, VIII a. 
 
 Ambonychia bellistriata, Hall. — Rogers, page 818, fig. 
 605. II, c. Trenton. See Hall. Pal. N. Y. 
 Vol. I. 1847, p. 163, pi. 36, figs 4, a. I, c. A 
 beautiful and easily reconized lamellibranch 
 shell, from the central part of the Trenton for- 
 mation at Middleville, Trenton Falls and else- 
 , where in N. Y., is mentioned by H. D. Rogers 
 ^^^ as found in Pa., but has not been reported dur- 
 the second survey, — // c. — Note. See Owen's (1852) 
 origin at figure, under Posidonomya hellistriata. 
 
 Ambonycliia carinata. {Pterinea carhiata.) Emmons, 
 
 page 402, fig. Ill, 1. Vanuxem, page 65, 
 fig. 91, 1. lie. Trejiton^ and Illh. loraine 
 sJiale. (See Goldfuss, 1826.) Always 
 abundant in the Loraine sliales of New 
 York; found from top to bottom of the for- 
 mation, to within four feet of the beds 
 holding Triarthus heckii; but rare in 
 the lower layers; bat never seen in the 
 Utica slate. Emmons. /// 5, the Sand- 
 stone shales of Pulaski. Vanuxem. 
 
 Ambonycliia orbicularis. {Pterinea orhieularis.) Em- 
 mons, page 397, fig. 109, 3. Tren- 
 ton formation^ lie. This fossil 
 was found by Emmons at Water- 
 town, N, Y., in the black lime- 
 stone part of the Trenton forma- 
 tion (i. e. in the lower division of 
 ifT^fliV^' in some places, and in the 
 wSSifS upper division of it in other 
 1)1 aces) in company of Niiciilites 
 inUata.^ Nuculites faha and Sel- 
 ler opJion profundus; numerous, 
 but seldom perfect, as the shell 
 is thin and cannot be brought 
 away whole from the rock. — lie. 
 
23 
 
 A:\iBO. 
 
 * i j •' I f i 
 
 Hall.d 
 
 AmbonycMa radiata. (Pterinea carinata^ Conr. Van. 
 
 and Emmons,) Hall, Pal. N. 
 Y., Vol. L 1847, p. 292, plate 
 80, fig. 4 b. — //, G> Trenton ; 
 ///, h. Loraine shale. Geol. 
 Pa., 1858, page 821 ; no figure. 
 One of the commonest Hudson 
 Kiver fossils, from bottom to 
 top, (but unknown in Utica 
 slate or Trenton limestone) in 
 New York, Ohio, Ind. and Ky. 
 Hall. Also in 
 Centre Co., Pa., 
 ■I Geol. Sur. Rt. 
 T4, p. 427. In 
 Bedford count}^ 
 Pa. it ascends in 
 the series, being 
 found by J. J. 
 Stevenson in one 
 shaly parting of the Medina red rocks IV h, (the Oneida IV a^ 
 being there absent) along the Tussey mountain outcrop ; 
 in the Chambersburg, Bedford turnpike, through Evitts moun- 
 tain, Rt. T 2, pp. 92 and 166. — Inside and hinge structure 
 shown by Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, p. 269 and 523, wood cuts. 
 Ambonycliia undata. {Pterinea undata,) Emmons, page 
 
 395, fig. 106, 1. Ill, Black river lime- 
 stone, and // c. Trenton. — Described by 
 Emmons as a rare species, found in the 
 grey beds of the Trenton limestone forma- 
 tion at Watertown,N. Y. It is not remark- 
 able therefore that it has not been reported 
 as yet found in any of the Trenton, Birds- 
 eye, or Black river limestone outcrops in 
 Pennsylvania. // c. 
 
 Aniiiionites ? See Appendix. — An ammonite occurs in 
 
 the Crinoidal limestone (black) near water level at Pittsburgh, 
 Pa. — J. J. Stevenson. See L, p. 21 ; also HHHH, p. 241 ; Geol. 
 Pa. 1858, p. 600. A large species at the Livermore tunnel, 
 Indiana Co. XIV, 
 
Amni. 
 
 24 
 
 Amnicola limosa. Say. Recent shell marl at Harmon- 
 burg, Crawford county, Pa. I. C. White's Report Q-t, p. 41. 
 Post-tertiary. 
 
 Ampliigenia elongata {Pentamerits eloiigatiis) Vanuxem, 
 
 page 132. fig. 31, 1. 
 Copied by Hall 
 on plate, fig. [04, 
 not common 
 western New 
 I York. VIII a. 
 fUpper Helder- 
 berg formation, 
 and Schoharie 
 grit. Variety, 
 undulata; Hall, vol. IV, 1867, vari- 
 ety sibbtrigonalis. See Meganteris 
 subtrigonalis. Hall, 10th Rt. of 
 Regents, 1857. Vanuxem says it is 
 diffused throughout the formation 
 and confined to it. Some specimens 
 are nearly five inches long. 
 
 m 
 
 Amphipeltis paradoxus, Salter. 
 ^_ . , ^ /' Geology, 1868, p. 523, fig. 180, 
 
 bnplupdtis paradoxus. ^^-^ t//?/9 m. t i i ia 
 
 ^j\\\ ..^MiiF'^W^ crustacean, allied perhaps to tJ 
 
 
 "szs 
 
 Dawson's Acadian 
 
 a 
 the 
 
 modern Stomapods^ found in the 
 Devonian plant-beds of St. John, 
 N. B., with the little Lurypferus 
 pulicaris^ Sjnrorhis^ ct'c. — VIII 
 
 AmpUexus ? cruGifor7nis. See Zaphrentis cruc. VIII a. 
 
 Amplexus shnmardi ( Cyathophyllum shitmardi. M. Ed- 
 ^^ wards, Mon. des Polyp, foss. Niagara,) A. WinchelFs 
 P® GeoL Studies, 1886, page 204, fig. 114.— F///^ Niag- 
 ara limestone formation. The Niagara and Clinton 
 formations are mingled in Pennsylvania, but most of 
 ^^1^ the corals grew only in the Western waters. 
 
25 
 
 Ampl. 
 
 Amplexus yandelli. Edwards & Hairne. Collett's Iiidi- 
 
 vni. 
 
 ■'/''iiV'-'M 
 
 ' <>mm 
 
 \nA.m\. 
 
 ana Keport of 1881, page 393, plate 45, fig. 1; side view of a 
 coralhim; fig. 2, section through it lengthwise, to show its in- 
 ternal tabelhx3. Devonian strata at Jeffersonville, Ind. 
 
 Amynilespes wortheni. Scudder. K caterpiller of the 
 
 coal formation in Illinois, found 
 in a Mazon creek nodule. ZittePs 
 handbuch der Pal., 1^85, vol. 2, p. 
 729, tig. 899. twice the natural size. 
 See Acantherpestes and Eu- 
 phoberia. — XII I. 
 
 XHI> 
 
 "^(Mhffmm^] 
 
 
 z 
 
 Fi- 8;i;). 
 
 Amynilespes "wortheni. See Appendix. 
 
 Aneyrocrinus bulbosus. See Appendix. 
 
 Angelina Mtchcocki. See Protypus hitehcocki. Middle 
 Cambrian. 
 
Anis. 
 
 26 
 
 Anisopliylliim trifarcatnm. (Hall, 35tli An. Rt. 1882 
 
 \/ t S ; Foss. Corals, Niagara and Upper Helderberg.) 
 
 J'^'^miK Colletl's Indiana of 1882, page 273, plate 15, 
 
 figs. 7, 8. Niagara formation, at Louisville, 
 
 X^y. — Yi, This species may be distinguished 
 
 irom A, unilargmn by its somewhat more 
 
 slender form, its thinner plates and no side 
 
 %8Z #/ls fossettes. 
 
 Anisopliylliini unilargum (Hall, 35th An. Rt. N. Y. 1882,) 
 Colletl's Indiana of 1882, page 272, plate 15, 
 fig. 5. Side view, ordinary size; fig. 6, imper- 
 fect, showing a single prominent ray back in 
 the calyx. Niagara formation, Louisville, Ky. 
 Vh. It has fifty plates (lameHos) alternating 
 in size, smaller ones rudimentary; two cross 
 grooves (fossettes). 
 
 Anmdaria hrevifolia. See Annnlaria splienopliylloides. 
 XIIL 
 
 Annularia fertilis. See A. longifolia. XIIL 
 Annnlaria galioides. See An. splienopliylloides. XIIL 
 Anniilaria longifolia {Pecopterls longifolia Brogniart, 
 
 hi^ I 
 
27 
 
 Anjsiu. 
 
 1828, Prodrome, &c.) Collett's Indiana of 1883, page 44, plate 
 7, figs. 1, 2. — XIII, Coal Measures. (See Lesquereux's Coal 
 Flora, Report P, Penn. Geol. Survey. page 45, plate 2, figs. 1,2, 
 2a, 2aa, Plate 3, figs. 10,12 — Synonyms: Aiimdaria fcrtilis of 
 Sternberg. Annularia spimilosa of Sternberg ; B ruchiicmnia 
 tubevGidata of Sternberg ; AsteropJnjlUtes tuhercidatus ? of 
 Lindley & Hutton (fruit;) EqiiiseUim stellifolhim of Harlan 
 (Geol. ^ Doc. Pa, 1835, Vol. I, page 261, plate 14, fig. 4.) 
 Coal Measures, Clarion group, jnst above the Poltsville Con- 
 glomerate. Lesquereux. XIII. 
 
 Note. For its possible fruit see Asterophyllites eqitisetiformis. 
 
 Occurs with ;?5A and Vmgitlm.,ixi i\\Q Berea grit quarries at 
 Berea, Oliio, in Pocono Sandstone formation No. X. CarlPs 
 Report I, p. 70. Either this or A. sphinophylloides occurs in 
 the Darlington Coal, in Beaver Co., Pa., I. C. White's Report 
 Q, p. 54. 
 
 Annularia roemingeri, (Lesquereux.) Collett's Indiana 
 
 'ndJ'S^ 
 
 
 of 1883, page 45, plate 3, fig 3, 3a, 3b ; showing the fragmentary 
 condition of the specimens found by Dr. Rominger, State Geol- 
 ogist of Michigan at the top of the Silurian system ; in Low^er 
 IIelderJ)e< g sandstone, formation No. VI] proving the early 
 appearance of reeds or bamboos, afterwards so abundant as 
 Calamites in the Coal Age. (Compare fig. 3, wath the pend- 
 ant roots of the Catamite in Dawson's Geol. Hist, of Plants, 
 1888, page 123, fig. 47.) 
 
Annu. 28 
 
 Annularia sphenophylloides. Gutb. ( Galium sj^heno- 
 Xfll. 
 
 Incl. I ^^3 . 
 
 phylloides.TjQTil^ev'^ Anniclm'ia h^evifoUa^ Bvogniart & Heer; 
 Annularia galioides, Lind. & Hiitton.) OoUett's Indiana of 
 1883, page 45, plate 7, figs. 3, 4, 5; species common and vari- 
 able, mostly in Middle Coal Measures. (See Lesquereux's Coal 
 Flora, Report P, Penn. Geol. Sur.,page48, plate 2, figs. 8, 9, — 
 X///, Coal Measures, Allegheny series \ abundant at Mazon 
 creek. 111.; also found at Cannelton and Pottsville, Pa.. Salem 
 
 and Tunnel vein.) See Geol. of 
 Pa., 1858, p. 852, plate 1, fig. 5. 
 '' Very abundant in the State in 
 the upper coal beds of the Potts- 
 ville basin," Lesq. But this as- 
 sertion, in regard to this and other 
 coal plants, must be considered 
 doubtful until the true places of 
 the Salem and Gate veins are de- 
 termined by the survey of the 
 ■Jmad^ia. spkcr,ophyUm3j>s lAq. FL4r, Pottsvillo coal baslu now nearly 
 
 finished. It is pretty certain that the Salem is a much higher 
 coal than the Gate. F. A. Hill, in charge of the Anthracite 
 Survey. 
 
 Annularia spinulosa. See A. longifolia, XIII. 
 
 Annularia ? in Deckers creek shale under Mahoning 
 
 sandstone, on the State line of W. Va. and Pa., too broken to 
 specify. Report L, p. 37 — XIV. 
 
 Annularia ? over Waynesburg coal, Greene county. 
 
 Pa. Stevenson's Report K, p. 59. — XVI 
 
29 
 
 Anom. 
 
 33b. 
 
 Anomites resupinatits. See Ortliis resupinata. 
 
 Anomoepus. See Appendix. 
 
 Anotopteris ? among the many plants to be got at the ex- 
 ceptionally good collecting place on Muddy creek, near Car- 
 michaels. Greene Co., Pa. Stevenson's Keport K, p. 59 — over 
 Waynesburg coal, top of Monongahela Series. XV. 
 
 AnthoUtes Brogt. See Cordaites Lesq. 
 
 Anthracomya {Aiithracosia) bradorica. See Appendix. 
 
 Anthracosia (Anthracomya '0 bradorica, a minute lamel- 
 
 lebranch shell of the Lower Carboniferous of 
 Cape Breton. Dawson, Acad. Geol. 1868, p. 
 314, f. 33 h —X. 
 
 Javv.A.G. ^ 314, 
 
 Anthraconectis See Eurypterus mazonensis. XIII. 
 
 Anthrapalsemon gracilis. (Meek & Worthen Illinois 
 
 Reports Vol. 
 2, plate 32, 
 fig. 4.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana 
 of 1883, page 
 180, plate 38, 
 figs. 8 and 9. 
 — Only found 
 as yet in 
 
 XII I^ coal measures of Grundy county. 111. — Note. See A. S. 
 Packard's 3d part of 15th Memoir, Proc. National Acad. Sci. 
 1888, on the AntliraGaridm family of ancient ten-legged lobster- 
 like animals preserved in the ore balls of Mazon creek, 111. 
 
 ApJileMa adnascens. European species. See Rhacophyl- 
 lum adnascens. XIII 
 
 Archaeocidaris ? Abound in Divisions F. G. H. of Ran- 
 dall's section at Warren, N. W. Pennsylvania. (CarlFs Report 
 nil, p. 305, note; Report I, p. 53;) i. e. Shenango shales. 
 Form. X/, between Clean and sub-Clean conglomerates, and the 
 Pocono sandy shales of Form. X, under the sub- Clean ; 200' in 
 all.— X, XI 
 
 Archseocidaris wortheni. See Appendix. 
 
 AvGhceoGyathellus. See Ethniophyllum rensselsericum. 
 Middle Cambrian., M. C. 
 
Arch. 
 
 30 
 
 Ardi^Dcyatliiis atlanticns. Walcott. Bulletin, U. S. G. 
 
 S. No. 30, 
 page 73, plate 
 
 2, fig. 1, cross 
 section, and 
 fig. la, long 
 section, of 
 type speci- 
 men in Mus. 
 
 Canadian GeoL Survey (a, the growth with the cup. i prob- 
 ably a foreign body not belonging to the animal.) (See Bil- 
 lings, 1861. Geol. Vt. II, 915; and Pal, Foss. I, 5.)— On plate 
 
 3, figure 1, 
 shows the size 
 
 2a 
 
 \j • 
 
 i L3 A\a I. 
 
 Jkt^s/^e 
 
 of a cross sec- 
 tion, and by 
 a n enlarged 
 drawing, the 
 internal anat- 
 omy of a 
 specimen 
 from L'Anse 
 an Loup, 
 Labrador. 
 Fig. 2a. the 
 same, of a 
 specimen 
 
 from Silver Peak, Nevada. (The other figs, given by Walcott 
 are omitted here.) — Labrador and Nevada. J/. C. 
 
 Arch^ocyatlins billingsi. Walcott, Bulletin 30, page 71, 
 M.C. Pi.3.3£. ~ ; 
 
 
 
31 
 
 Alien. 
 
 fig. 3, cross section, nat. size and enlargement, to show anatomy ; 
 fig. 3a, section lengthwise, to show central cavity and cross par- 
 titions (septa) ; enter walls mostly worn away. (Other figures 
 omitted.) Braintree formation. M. C. 
 
 A, mmganensis. See Etlimopliyllnni minganense. J/. C. 
 
 A. profundus. See Btlmiopliylluni profundum. M. C. 
 
 Arcli^opliyton newberryaiium. Britton. Annals of the 
 
 Li CtUl 
 
 
 
 
 ' /. y ','^f-' 
 
 'A 'r' 
 
 
 
 A/. L BrctibTT: ^ '^:<^;iL^^*^ -^-^>''7\ ^7^7 . a/, y. a cad, ScJV.4. I ?n. 
 
 N. Y. Academy of Science, Vol. 4, No. 4 ; a figure, nataral -size^ 
 of probably the oldest known sea-weed (algoid), fonnd in the 
 
Arch. 
 
 32 
 
 Azoic White Crystalline Limestone formation of Sussex Co., 
 N. Y., supposed to be of Precambrian or Laurentian age, but 
 possibly Cambrian. 
 Archaeopteris bockshiana ? Geop. Noeggerathia locks- 
 
 chiana. Lesq. Geo. Ta. 1858, p. 854'5, pi. 3, figs 1 to 1 d.— 
 Adiantites lockschii^ Goep. ; Cydopteris hockschii, Goep. 
 Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 306, pi. 49, figs. 1 to 4.— X, Pocono (Yes 
 pertine) formation opposite Mauch Chunk; and below Potts- 
 ville. Pa. ; always in small fragments. 
 
33 
 
 Akcii. 
 
 Archaeoptoris, halliana. [Sphenopteris laxa. Hall, GeoL 
 
 4th Dist. 
 1844, p. 
 275, for- 
 mation, 
 fig. 127, 
 Ir-Cy- 
 dopier — 
 is halll- 
 
 a n a ^ 
 
 Geop. ; 
 Daws. ; 
 Cyclop - 
 t e T i s 
 j a G k- 
 
 soni f 
 Daws ; 
 Sphen- 
 opteris 
 hitch- 
 cocki - 
 
 ana ^ 
 
 Daws.) 
 
 L e s q . 
 
 Coal 
 Flora ,, 
 1880, p. 
 
 304,says. 
 '' that 
 this fig- 
 ure rep- 
 resents 
 the f rue - 
 t ill c a- 
 lion ofa 
 spec i e s 
 of Arch- 
 wopteris • 
 is posi- 
 tive,and! 
 
Abch. 
 
 34 
 
 Prof. Dawson has recognised the accuracy of this reference: 
 but in the absence of sterile leaflets^' the species cannot be 
 told. Compare a similar ^g, {Psilophytum condrusorum) in 
 Bull. Ac. R. Belgium, 1874. — VII F g, Chemung formation in 
 New York; Jacksoni^ from Upper Devonian in Maine; Hitch- 
 eockiana^ from Lower Devonian in N. Y. 
 
 Archaeopteris hybernica. See Appendix. 
 
 Archaeopteris jacksoni. See Appendix, 
 
 Archaeopteris minor. Lesquereux. {Noeggerathia minor ^ 
 
 Lesq. G e o 1 . 
 Pa., 1858, page 
 854, plate 1, 
 fig. 10). Col- 
 lett's Indiana 
 of 1883, page 
 71, plate 9, fig. 
 3, showing the 
 fructification. 
 —XI Mauch 
 C h u n k red 
 shale (sub-car- 
 boniferous) 
 FL!/. formation. 
 (See Lesqnereux's Coal Flora, Report P, Penn. Geol. Survey, 
 
 ^20. Moeggerat^doy rriirbor 
 
 ■ ■-^ 
 
 Lesq. iii C-eoLFaJSS^. 
 
35 
 
 Aecii. 
 
 plate 49, fig. 5; plate 50, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. Lesquereux identifies 
 it with Arch, stricta of Andrews, Ohio Pal. Vol. 2, p. 418, 
 plate 49, fig. 2, 2^.) — Abundant under Campbell's Ledge 
 {XII) near Pittston, Pa. One fragment found at Mauch 
 Chunk, Carbon Co., Pennsylvania. 
 
 Note. — I. C. White gives the Coxton. Susq. N. branch section 
 of Catskill strata (IX), No 20 of which contains the plant; a 
 thin layer of red shale in the middle of a 55' greenish-gray 
 sandstone, just overlying his Montrose red shale formation. 
 Report G7, p. 61.—IX. 
 
 Archaeopteris obtusa. {Noeggerathia obtusa.) Lesq. Geol. 
 
 Pa., 1858, p. 830, fig. 684, /X Catskill formation; also p. 854, 
 
 v^ ^ 11, found in 
 
 jji, the Catskill 
 
 red sand' 
 
 x|j/ V--.' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 A 
 
 \ 
 
 stone (For. 
 XI) in 
 Mauch 
 Chunk gap. 
 Carbon Co., 
 Pa., in small 
 bits, with 
 bits of A, 
 
 Lescj.lKSS 
 
 minor^ and perhaps both are one species. Coal Flora, 1880, p. 
 301, pi. 49, fig. 6, same as fig. 11 above; and fig. 7, sketched 
 from large leaf of Mr. Riley, of Montrose, Wayne Co., Pa., part 
 of which is given in Dana's Man. GeoL, fig. 557 A. See also 
 Dawson in Geol. Sur. Canada, 1871, p. 46, pi. 16, fig, 188, two 
 leaves (pinnae) of perhaps a different species. — Catskill for- 
 mal ion. IX, 
 
Arch. 36 
 
 Archaeopteris (Noeggerathia) obtusa (Lesquereux, in 
 
 Geology of Pennsylvania, 1858, page 854, plate 1, fig. 11, and 
 Coal Flora, Report P, 1880, page 301, plate 49, figs. 6, 7.) 
 OoUett's Indiana of 1883, page 71, plate 9, fig. 4, YIII-IX, 
 Chemung Catskill (Montrose sandstone) formation. The figure 
 shows only the end of one feather of the magnificent leaf found 
 at Montrose, (see a part of it represented in Dana's Manual, 
 fig. 557 A.) The Archiopteris obtusa in Geol. Sur. Canada, 
 Fossil plate XVI, fig. 188, is said by Lesquereux to look like 
 Cyclopteris, 
 
 Archceopteris stricta. See Archaeopteris minor, XL 
 Archimedes. See Owens' figure, 1852, under Retepora 
 archimedes. Keokuk Limestone. X/. 
 
 Archimedes lana (Hall, 1857, Proc. Am. Asso. Adv. 
 
 Science, Vol. 
 1 , Kaskas- 
 k ia lime- 
 stone). Col- 
 lett's Indiana 
 Report of 
 18 81, page 
 361, plate 41, 
 
 fig. 7; only the axis partly preserved; the frond destroyed; 
 but the first row of little windows (fenestrules) appear on the 
 edge of the spiral. (Natural size.) Mauch Chunk (Sub- 
 Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone) formation. XL 
 
 Archimedes ? Specimens (000, 1888) 9664, 9665, 9666, 
 9667 (ten pieces) in Randall's collections, Division S. Che- 
 mung shales. — VLLI g. 
 
37 
 
 Arch. 
 
 Pa. 
 
 Archymilacris parallelum (i. e. the beginning of Cock- 
 roaches). Sc udder. 
 Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 
 Vol. 8, 1879, p. 85, plate 
 6, fig. 6, in the Mauch 
 Chunk formation, 
 under Campbell's 
 ledge, in the gap, at 
 Pittston, Luzerne Co. , 
 XL 
 
 p(-6-f.6 
 
 See White's report, G7, p. 41. 
 
 Arionelhcs quadrangularis . See Agraulos quadrangu- 
 laris. Lower Cambrian. 
 
 Aristozoa. Specimen in Carll & Kandall's collections in 
 Warren Co., Pa. C. E. Hall, Eeport of 1875, in Proc. Amer. 
 Phil. Soc, Phila., January 5, 1876.— F///^, /X. 
 
 Arthrolycosa antiqua. Harger. A fossil spider of the 
 
 Coal Age, found in a 
 Mazon creek nodule of 
 the Hlinois coal field. 
 Zittel's Handbuch der 
 Palaeontologie, 1885, 
 Vol. 2, page 735, fig. 
 2{)d^natu,ral^\7.Q.-XLLL. 
 A more perfectly pre- 
 served spider, from the 
 Colebrookdale coal 
 
 measures of England, is added for comparison. Zittel (after 
 
 Woodward), fig. 913. 
 
 Arthrophycus harlani. ( Fucoides harlani. ) Hall, page 
 46, fig. 5, 1 and 2. Vanuxem, page 71, fig. 10. Rogers, page 
 821, fig. 623. See Conrad, An. Rt. N. Y., 1838. IV. Medina 
 Sandstone formation. LVb. 
 
 Note. See Harlania halli. There is a disposition among 
 geologists to regard these forms as not plants, but worm-bur- 
 rows. C. E. Hall collected them for the Survey in Schuylkill 
 and in Mifflin counties. In the mountain gaps of Blair Co. the 
 uppermost thin beds of the White Medina (LVc) mottled red 
 and gray are often covered with a net work of obscure impres- 
 sions of these seaweeds, beneath greenish non fossiliferous 
 
Arth. 
 
 38 
 
 muddy slate partings. (T, p. 47).— In Huntingdon Co. large 
 branching forms cover exposed surfaces in Waterstreet gap (T3, 
 143), and in Rockhill gap of Black Log at Orbisonia, the top 
 
 IV 5.AZ 
 
 400' of Medina alternations of hard white sand rock layers and 
 red and green shales (T3, 145). Specimen 5246, came from 
 the White Medina at Greenwood furnace, Broad Mountain 
 (00, p. 37.) — In Bedford Co. it was the only fossil ever seen 
 by Stevenson in the White Medina (T2, 91); Piney ridge 
 
tJtJ 
 
 Aktii 
 
illlTH. 
 
 40 
 
 (Wills mln.) has these strata covered with the impressions (T2, 
 139); Evarts' mountain, abundant throughout the lower beds 
 of white Medina, on Rainsburg Gentreville road (T2, 146.) — 
 In Centre Co. the only fossil in the White Medina of Bald Eagle 
 Mtn. (T 4, 429, — IV c, — For description of iigure on page S9 
 see Appendix. Specimens in the Cabinet. 00, Pal. Cat. five 
 specimens, 400-1, collected by Chance, at Port Clinton, Schuyl- 
 kill Co., 1874, from Oneida Conglomerate^ IV a; and 401-2 
 (two) by Billin, at Greenwood, Huntingdon Co., 1876, from 
 Medina SS. IVb. 
 
 Arthrophycus montalto, Simpson. 1888. Figure by G. B. 
 
 
 ms§Sii&i:-^i^^^^S^^^^^^^^^^^^3^^^F^^^^^^ 
 
 
 ■>\WA>&Pvxx„- ,.^ .„ ^ as 
 
 
 D-\\ E-dgccos cQ\r:a^:Chcanh(iv%bar^^ . C(iiarty (xl: Mont Alia., Pc 
 
 Simpson, 1888, from reduced photograph of specimen by Rev. 
 J. Edgar, Prest. Wilson Female College, Chambersburg, Pa., 
 discovered by Col. Wiestling in thefoundaiion wall of old saw- 
 mill at Mt. Alto Iron Works, and traditionally taken from a 
 quarry of hard rough sandstone, east of the company's oiRce, 
 up the mountain side, above another quarry of soft crumbling 
 sandstone presumably No. 1, Potsdam formation. Search at 
 the quarry failed to find another specimen. It seems impossi- 
 ble that Medina Sandstone (No. IV) should be there. The fos- 
 sil resembles that of the Medina, but imitates a crinoid stem 
 by regular cross lines on a flat surface. The '' White Rocks" 
 north of Moat Alto resemble Chiques Rock quartzite at Colum- 
 
41 
 
 Arth. 
 
 bia, and is full of worm burrows (ScoUthus.) The Scotch 
 geologists, who have so well worked out the extraordinary 
 structure of their Western Highlands, where our Appalachian 
 formations and fossils are represented in their normal order, 
 regard the so called sea weeds of ]^o, /and ]Vo. //as worm bur- 
 rows, tracks and excrements, and report them crowding and 
 traversing in all directions most of the sand beds which were 
 deposited before the deep sea limestone age. See Journal 
 Geol. Soc. Lond. 1888. See also Dawson's Rusiclinites. 
 
 Artisii. See Cordaites serpens. XIII, 
 
 Arvicola didelta, Cope. Proc. A. P S. 1871, p. 89, fig. 15 
 enlarged, <^, 5, c, d. Teeth of an extinct mouse found in the 
 bone cave at Port Kennedy, Chester Co. Pa. See Appendix 
 for 'figures, 
 
 Arvicola hiatides, Cope. The same, p. 91, fig. 18 enlarged? 
 a, 5, c, 
 
 Arvicola involuta, Cope. The same, p. 89, fig. 16. 
 
 Arvicola sigmodus, Cope. The same, p. 90, fig. 17, ^, 5, g. d, 
 
 Arvicola speothen, Cope. The same, p. 87, fig. 13. 
 
 Arvicola tetradelta, Cope. The same, p. 88, fig 14. 
 
 Asaphus canalis. See Isotelus canalis. // c, III h, 
 
 Asaphus Goryphmus. See Proetus coryphaeus. Vb, 
 
 Asaphus {Isotelus) iowensis. Owen. Geo. Wis., Iowa 
 
 OvY. A I 
 
AsAP. 
 
 42 
 
 Asaphus iowensis continued. 
 
4S AsAP. 
 
 and Minnesota, 1852, pi. 2, fig. 3, 4, 5 ; pi. 2 A, fig. 1, (2) 3, (4) 
 5, 6, 7 ; head and tail pieces, and one of the elevated conical 
 compound eyes of the trilobite. Trenton strata of Iowa. — lie. 
 Note, the medal ruling gives fine relief and general effect, but 
 not definite details of structure. 
 
 Asaphus limuluTus. See Dalmanites limulurus. Yh. 
 
 Asaphus longicordatus. See Dalmanites limulurus. Vh. 
 
 Asaphus marginalis. (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847. 
 ^^>^^^si5 Chazy group.) Emmons, Amer. Geology, Vol. 1, 
 part 2, page 235, plate 3, fig. 16. Axis with seven 
 or eight distinct articulations; side lobes furrowed, 
 Em.A^^P'^.3 or with false joints ; margins entire. Chazy forma- 
 tion.— 7/5. Collected by C. E. Hall for the survey in 1875, 
 in Kishicoquillis valley, Mifflin Co., Pa. Proc. A. P. S., Jan. 5, 
 1876. Chazy.— II h. ' 
 
 Asaphus obtusus. (Hall. PaL^ontology of N. Y., Vol. L 
 ^jf^ .-^7f^ 1847, Chazy group.) Emmons, American Geol- 
 #^^,| f^!« ogy, Vol. I, part 2, page 23^, plate 3, "^^^ 14. A 
 Y .St-\'^ ^^ fragment too imperfect for identification, which 
 Em^Al'*^^^ n 3 may be A. marginatus — // &, Chazy forma- 
 tion. Specimens in the cabinet, GO, Pal. Coll. p. 233, speci- 
 mens 210-97-a ; 210-150 ; by Fellows, 1876, at Bellefonte, Cen- 
 tre county, in Trenton limestone. II c. Also 210-147, a hypos- 
 toma. 
 
 Asaphus—? 00, Pal. Coll. Spec. 211-7, by Fellows, 1876, 
 at bluff above Tyrone forge, Huntingdon county, from Trenton 
 limestone.) II c. 
 
 Asaphus platycephalnjS See Isotelus gigas. II c. 
 
 Asaphus selenurus. See Dalmanites selenurus. VIII a. 
 
 Aspidaria undulata. See Lepidodendron aculeatum 
 XIII 
 
 Astarte suhtextilis. See Cardiomorpha subtextilis. 
 VIII f. 
 
 Astartella {Edmondia) concentrica, McChesney Desc. 
 New Pal. Foss. Coal Measures — In Pennsvlvania it is found in 
 the Black fossiliferous limestone just above water level at 
 Pittsburgh (L, 35); at Livermore, (H4, 78) and in Beaver Co. 
 (Q, 30). In the Decher's creek shale, Stevenson in L, 37. 
 
ASTA. 
 
 44 
 
 Abundantly in the Ferriferous limestone in Beaver (Q, 62); 
 Lawrence (QQ, 47); Mercer (QQQ, 25); Butler (V, 146). 
 White found it in the Mercer lower limestone, XII (QQ^ 78). 
 — Still lower, Stevenson found it in the Pocono sandstone 
 strata, X, in the mountain gaps of Westmoreland and Fayette 
 Cos. (KKK, p. 310).— X to XIV. For iigure see Appendix. 
 
 Astartella vera. Hall, Geol. Report of Iowa, 1858, Coal 
 Measures. — In Pennsylvania found by J. J. Stevenson, in Sub- 
 conglomerate (Pocono, X) measures in the mountain gaps of 
 Westmoreland and Fayette counties. Report KKK, p. 310. — 
 X, — For -figure see Appendix. 
 
 Astartella ? found by J. J. Stevenson with A. vera in the 
 
 gaps of Westmoreland and Fayette Cos., Pa. Report KKK, 
 p. 310.— X 
 
 Asterophycus coxii. (Lesquereux; in Geol. Report of Indi- 
 
 ana, 1875, page 139, plate 2.) Collett's Indiana of 1888, page 
 31, plate 2, fig. 4. — XIIL Coal measure sandstone New Har- 
 mony, lad., and Rock Castle, Ky. — Coal Flora, B, figs. 5, 6.) 
 
45 
 
 ASTE. 
 
 Asterophycus simplex. (Lesquereux. Coal Flora, Penn. 
 
 Geol. Report P, page 13, plate 
 B, figs. 7, 8.) Collett's Indiana, 
 1883, page 33, plate 1, fig. 8.— 
 XIII, Allegheny Coal Meas- 
 ures, in clay above Pottsville 
 Conglomerate (X/7),near Bea- 
 ver, Pa. [Note. The figure does 
 not properly represent Lesque- 
 reux's; which see, and also his 
 remarks on p. 13. J 
 
 in^, ism 
 
 Asterophyllites. Brogniart. (Branches of Calamites, 
 
 Calamocladus^ or Calam,ophyllites^ Schimper. Probably nearer 
 to the Lycopods.) Collett's Indiana of 1883, page 41, plate 4, 
 fig. 6, a conical ear or spike of fruit seeds; fig. 9, vertical sec- 
 tion of a piece of the spike, to show how the seeds are con- 
 cealed; fig. 10, cross section of the same. Coal Flora, page 34. 
 Report I, p. 37; well preserved Asterophyllites^ fish, &c., be- 
 tween First and Second mtn. sand, Oil Region, Pa. 
 
 Asterophyllites apertus See Macrostachya aperta, XIII 
 Asterophyllites crassicaulis. Lesq. Geol. Penn. 1858, 
 
 . Vol. 2, page 851, 
 ^'^^- // ^ ^^^- .//• plate 1, fig. 1, \a, 
 
 iL...J/^.. /.' Perhaps the same 
 _ „__ _ . . as Gutbier's An- 
 
 nularia longi- 
 folia; species 
 
 founded on only two small fragments from Schuylkill Co., Pa. 
 Differs from all other species by its thick, deep furrows of stem ; 
 and by its fruit, nutlets compressed, apparently attached above 
 the joints, filling the whole space between the whorls. 
 
ASTE. 
 
 46 
 
 Asterophyllites eq[uisstiforinis. Brogniart. (Casuari- 
 
 Tiites equisetiformis^ Schloth ; Asterophyllites ovalis? Lesq. ; 
 Asterophylli-es erectifoUus^ Andrews; Ilypitrites longifoUus^ 
 Lind. & Hutton; Calamocladus equisetiformis^ Schimper.) 
 Collett's Indiana of 1883, page 42, plate 6, fig. 1, 2. (See Les- 
 quereux's Coal Flora, Rept. P, Geol. Sur. Penn., page 35, plate 
 2, figs. 3, 3^ ; plate 3, figs. 5, 6, 7. XIIL XIV, XV, XVI, -'the 
 whole extent of Coal Measures; more prominent in the upper 
 strata;" Cannelton, Gate Vein, &c.,Lesq. Also in Darlington 
 Coal, Beaver Co., Pa., with A. foliosus, and A. sublcevis, White's 
 lit. Q, p. 54. 
 
Asterophyllites erectifolius. 
 setiformis, XIII, 
 
 47 AsTE. 
 
 Wee Asterophyllites equi- 
 
 Asterophyllites fasciculatus. (Lesquereux Coal Flora, 
 
 Kept. P, Geo. Sur. 
 Xl^Mt- a\^ ,. ,. x-t Penn. 1880, page 
 
 ^^' 41, plate 3, figs. 1 
 
 to 4.) A fine speci- 
 men from shale 
 above coal bed in 
 Missouri. 
 
 Asterophyllites foliosus. LI. & Hutt. (Lesq. Coal Flora, 
 p. 38, where see synonyms.) Found in Darlington coal, Beaver 
 Co., Pa., by White ; Report Q, p. 54— X///. 
 
 Asterophyllites gracilis. (Lesquereux Coal Flora, Re- 
 port P, Geol. Sur. 
 Pa. 1880, page 42, 
 plate 2, figs. 4-5a. 
 Geol. Report Ar- 
 kansas, Vol. 2, p. 
 310; plate 2, figs. 
 4,4^,1860.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana of 
 1883, page 43, 
 plate 5, fig. 3; 
 plate 6, figs. 4 to 
 6. — S u b c o n - 
 glomerate Coal 
 Measures of Ar- 
 kansas and Ala- 
 bama. Ma uch 
 Chunlc^ XI 
 
 Asterophyllites longifolius. Brgt. (Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 
 36, with synonyms.) Found plentifully by Mr. Lacoe of Pitts- 
 ton, Pa., in the shales, under the Conglomerate of Campbell's 
 Ledge. Q7, p. 39. XI 
 
ASTE. 
 
 48 
 
 Asterophyllites ovalis. Lesq. Geol. of Penn , 1858, Vol. 
 Xiii. ;,v I X./R58 2, page 851, plate 1, fig. 2; differing from xi. 
 Pl.i. crassicaulls by its slender stem, slender fur- 
 , /-/? rows, more numerous leaves, and oval nut- 
 1^!5*^ ^^^s. Specimen from Gate vein, anthracite^ 
 
 '' New Philadelphia," Schuylkill Co., Pa. See 
 A. equisetiformis. XIII. 
 
 Asterophyllites sphenopliylloides,Zenk. Found plenti- 
 fully by Lacoe in sub-conglomerate shale, Campbell's Ledge, 
 above Pittston, Pa., White's Rt. Q7, p. 39. XL 
 
 Asterophyllites sublaevis. Lesq. Geol. Pa , 1858, Vol. 2, 
 
 r o page 851, plate 1, fig. 3; 
 ' showing by its leaves of 
 different length how easily 
 one may be mislead into 
 making new species where 
 only leaves are found. 
 The thick stem distin- 
 A remarkable root on the same 
 slab of slate (I, f. 9) has a skin covered with wavy furrows 
 crossing at right angles, looking like the woody substance of 
 some conifers (I. f. la.) XIII. Found in Darlington coal, 
 Beaver Co., Pa., with A. equisetiformis and A. foliosus^ by I. 
 C. White, Report Q, p. 5L XIII 
 
 Asterophyllites tuberculatus. See Annnlaria longifolia. 
 
 Astrcea rugosa. See Acervularia rugosa. VIII a. 
 
 Astrocerium or Stromatopora. Claypole's collections , 
 Clark's Mills shale. Perry Co., Pa. Upper shaly beds of Lower 
 Helderberg formation, VI Astrocerium is Favosites of 
 several species. Hall. 
 
 Astropolithon hindii, Dawson. Geol. Hist. Plants p. 31; 
 
 possibly 
 a vege- 
 table o f 
 Lower 
 
 Cambri- 
 
 guishes it from A. delicatula. 
 
 Hish 
 
 an age, 
 ^^^^^im N.Scotia. 
 
49 AsTY. 
 
 Astylospongia inornata. 00, Pal. Coll. ten specimens 
 marked 601-20; four, marked 601-25; six, marked 601-29; 
 twenty in all; collected by Hale & Hall, 1874, at Orbisonia; 
 Huntingdon Co., la., at Lower Held. VI. See Appendix. 
 
 Athyris angelica. See Appendix for -figure. Hall, 14th 
 Regent's report, 1861, Chemung. — Specimens in the Cabinet 
 (0, p. 235) 809-11, Coll. of Hall and Fellows, 1876, Canal n. 
 of Port Jarvis, Pike Co., Hmailton strata., VIII c. — 854-18 
 (cast showing changes by different degrees of weathering) ; 
 854-19 (shows muscular impressions and pustulate surface) ; 
 854-20 (four casts, preserving the form, and also traces of the 
 external markings) ; 851-21 (two casts) ; 854-22 (three, vari- 
 ously preserved) ; 854-26 (cast, muscular scars, pustulose sur- 
 face) ; 854-28 (small, fair spec.) ; 854-31 (both valves some- 
 what crushed) ; 854-35 (cast, slight scars) ; 854-87 (cast show- 
 ing beaks) ; 854-45 ; all in Sherwood's collections, 1875, in 
 Charleston t., Tioga Co., Upper Cheraung strata., VIII g. — 
 855-35 (cast) ; 855-49 ; 855-53 ; Sherwood's Coll , Sullivan t., 
 Tioga Co., Upper Chemung strata.^ VIII g. — 856-3 (casts) ; 
 856-4 (two casts); 856-10 (several casts); 856-14 (Scast); 
 856-15 (casts) ; 856-20 (cast showing muscular scar) ; 856-23 
 (good); 856-27 (casts); 856-41; 856-42 (shell preserved); 
 856-45 ; 856-47 (mostly A. ang.) ; all Sherwood's coll. at Mix- 
 town, Tioga Co. Upper Chemung, VIII g. — 860-2 ;-56 ^^ ;-64 
 h '-^^ ;-88 ; all Sherwood's, near Mansfield, Tioga Co. Upper 
 Chemung, VIII g.—S61-6 h\ 861-8 ;-12 (casts) ;-25 (impres- 
 sions and casts); 28 (cast) ;-31 (cast) ;-32 ;-37 (cast) ; all 
 Sherwood's coll. in Sullivan t., Tioga Co., Pa., from Upper Che- 
 mung strata., VIII g. 
 
 Athyris hirsuta, Whitfield. {Spirigera hirsuta of Hall, 
 
 1858, Trans. Alb. Acad. Vol. 
 4, Warsaw limestone ; Whit- 
 field, in Bull. 3 Am. Mus. N. 
 H. p. 49, plate 6, figs. 18-21, 
 IncH^^^mi^^n .^¥29 \%^^) Collett's Indiana of 
 1882, page 328, plate 29, fig. 1^^^ a small Spergen Hill 
 specimen, enlarged twice., showing setae; dgs 19, 20, 21, a 
 larger specimen from same place. — Suh-carloniferous. XI. 
 Athyris lamellosa. See Appendix. 
 4 
 
 20 
 
Athy 
 
 50 
 
 Athyris polita, 
 
 H.79. 
 
 {Atrypa polita.) Hall. 1843. Plate fig. 
 [^^.^ 5.] Chemung forma- 
 tion. Carll's collection's 
 of 1875, ill N. W. Penna. 
 Also from Tioga Co., Pa. 
 O. E. Hairs report in Proc. 
 A. P. 8., Ihlio.— VIllg. 
 
 Athyris spiriferoides. {Atrypa conoentrica^) Hall, page 
 
 198, fig. 79, 5. 
 Eogers, page 
 828, fig. 667. 
 (Rogers' Spir- 
 ifer spirifer- 
 oides.) VIII G. 
 Hamilton for- 
 5. mation. In 
 Pike Co., Pa., found by I. C. White, 4 
 m. above Port Jar vis, in dark sandv 
 Chemung slate, with S. mucronatus 
 etc. (G6, p. 194.) In Monroe Co. 
 Marshall's falls, top rock, with Spirifer., 
 Grammy sia., crinoids, etc., near base of 
 Hamilton, VIII c. (G6, p. 255.) Also m Columbia Co. Hem- 
 lock t., 250' below top of Hamilton strata ; also. South Dan- 
 ville, ?^^/> of Hamilton proper, VIII G\ Selinsgrove, Snyder Co. 
 (I.e. White's Report G7, pp.75, 79, 229, 352, 359.)— In Hun- 
 tingdon Co. Mapleton section, in upper Hamilton shales, (T3, 
 p. 109) ; in hard Hamilton lower sandstone, 700' above Oris- 
 kany, on Shy Beaver, Hopewell t. (p. 163.) ; in middle Ham- 
 ilton, along Murray's run, Oneida t (p. 261). Specimens in 
 00, Pal. Coll. p. 235, spec. 805-7; 805-29; by C. E. Hall, 1875, 
 at Bell's Mills, Blair Co. Pa. from Hamilton shale^ VIII c. 
 Athyris subquadrata. (Hall, Geo. Rt. Iowa, Vol. I, part 
 2, 1858, p. 703, pi. 27, ^^^. 2, Kaskaskia group.) 
 Heilprin's report in An. Rt. Geol. Sur. Penna. 
 1885, page 453, 440, fig. 2. Several more or 
 less perfect casts in the Mus. Wyoming Hist. 
 Soc. Wilkes-Barre, from the Mill Creek lime- 
 stone, 1000' above the Conglomerate (XII) 
 in the Northern Anthracite Coal field ; about 
 
51 
 
 Atiiy. 
 
 the horizon of the Pittsburgh bed of the West. — XF, Monon- 
 gahela series of coal measures. — Found by J. J. Stevenson, in 
 the Loyalhanna gap, Westmoreland Co., Pa., numerous, with a 
 \^y^ Froductus elegans^iw subcarb. limestone. (KK, p. 291.) 
 (KKK, p. 311.) — XL In Perry Co., collected by Olaypole at 
 Vanderslice's quarry, Bloomsburg,in Hamilton ; numerous just 
 over top of Marcellus, near Huntingdon fn. 258). Catalogue 
 87-4(1).— F//7^/ VIII g, 
 
 Athyris subtilita, (Hall, 1852, Stansbury's Expedition 
 
 Z5 
 
 Coal Measures.) Collett's In- 
 diana of 1883, page 136, plate 35, 
 figs. 6, 7, 8, belly, back and side 
 views of a typical example, nat- 
 ^291 uTol size; ^^. 9 back view of 
 larger specimen to which are cttUched two under valves of 
 Grani% modesta. — XIII— XVII. Widely known, the most 
 common and characteristic species of the Coal Measures, rang- 
 ing from base to summit, and into the Permian (Meek) ; from 
 Virginia to the Rocky Mountains; common in Upper and Mid- 
 dle, rarer in Lower Coal Measures. Dawson's Acad. Geology. 
 1868, page 291, figs. 88 a, h and c^ showing the spiral gills, which 
 give name to all the Spiriferidm. Occurs by millions in the 
 Lower Carboniferous limestone of Nova Scotia.^ — XL 
 
 In Pennsylvania, abundant in Green Crinoidal limestone, 
 middle of Barren Measures (Pittsburgh Series) and in the 
 Black Crinoidal limestone, at Pittsburgh, and on the Cone- 
 maugh. (Reports K, p. 80; L, p. 35.) At Morgantown, W. 
 Va. in Deckert's creek shale under Mahoning sandstone, bot- 
 tom of Barren Measures (L, p. 36.) — in Lawrence, Beaver and 
 Butler Cos. in Ferriferous limestone (Q2, pp. 47, 106; Q3, p. 
 25; V, p. 147); also, in Conglomerate Xo. XI I, over Scrub- 
 grass coal in Mercer Upper and Lower limestone (QQ, dt3. 57, 
 
Athy. 52 
 
 61, 78, 129; QQQ, pp. 77, 78, 138 )— In Fayette Co. replaced 
 by calc spar, in Subcarboniferous limestone, No. XI, (KK, p. 
 291.) — It is probably the Athy vis of Mansfield's Kittanning 
 coal at Oannelton, Beaver Co., Pa., C. E. Hall, Ms. Kt. Dec. 
 30, 1876. I. C. White recognized it in Beaver and S. Butler 
 Cos. in five horizons, Crinoidal Z./ Pine Creek L.; Brush 
 Creek L.; Ferriferous L,; and Mercer L, (Q30. 33, 264, 62, 
 200, 62. )—XI to XII, ( See Appendix, ) 
 
 Athyris trinucleus. ( Terehratula trinucleus Hall, Trans. 
 
 X/. f Z ''.^. J^ ■'A'^\ .-^Ste. 4, 7. 1856: 
 
 Iowa re- 
 
 Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am, Mus., p. 50, pi. 6, figs. 22-27, 1882.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana of 1882, page 329, plate 29, figs. 22 and 23, two 
 specimens from Bloomington, showing variations of form; 
 figs. 24 to 27, a larger specimen from Spergen hill. — Subcar- 
 boniferous. XI 
 
 Athyris ? 00, Pal. Coll., p. 235, spec. 806-9, by Fel- 
 lows & Genth, 1875, at Dietrick's, ^ m. n. of Marshall's falls, 
 Monroe Co., Pa., from Ham. shale,, VIII c, 
 
 Athyris ? New species? Specimen 850-14 (three fair 
 
 specimens unlike any known to G. B. S.,1888) in Sherwood's 
 collections, 1875, at Lawrenceville, Tioga Co., Pa., from Che- 
 mung strata,, VIII g, 
 
 Athyris ? Spec. 85U-2, from Lawrenceville, Tioga Co., 
 
 Chemung,, VIII g, 
 
 Atops punctatus See Ptychoparia trilineata. Middle 
 Camhrian. M, C 
 
 Atops trilirieatus. See Ptychoparia trilineata. Middle 
 Camhrian, M. C 
 
 Atrypa aMnis. See Atrypa reticularis. 
 
 Atrypa altilis. See Rhynchonella altilis. 11^^, l. Speci- 
 imens in the Cabinet, 00, Pal. Coll. page 232, spec. 210-150, 
 by Fellows, 1876, at Belle fonte. Centre Co., Pa., from Trenton 
 limestone, Vic. G.B.Simpson. 
 
 Atrypa ambigua. See Camarella ambigua. II c. 
 
53 
 
 A TRY. 
 
 Atrypa aspera ( Terebratula aspera). Hall, Report, W. D. 
 
 \J\\l cj^rn^ Vine. _^s^ ^^^^' v^g^ 
 
 yiti^^'^^m^ ,......=5^ 200, fig. 80, 1, 
 
 la, 15,2, Rog- 
 ers, page 828, 
 
 fig. 671, nil 
 
 G. Hamilton 
 f^jf form at ion. 
 ''(Compare 
 Schlotheim's 
 fig. of 1813, 
 in Petrifac- 
 turkunde) — 
 CI ay pol e , 
 Perry Co., Pa. 
 Report F 2, 
 
 preface, VIII c. Hamilton formation. In eastern Pennsylvania, 
 Monroe Co., MarshalPs falls, reported by H. D. Rogers. By I. 
 C.White as A. spinosa^ in various places, especially near Strouds- 
 burg, S. of McMichael's or on Gap road, in Corniferous limestone. 
 Villa, (G6, p. 120.) From Tioga Co., Pa. C. E. Hall's list of 
 collections, in Chemung strata, VIII g. (Proc. A. P. S. Jan. 5, 
 1876.) Perry Co., Pa., by Claypole, in Hamilton sandstone, 
 VIII G ( Preface to F2, p. xiii. Also 000, catalogue of collections, 
 14 specimens from five localities.) Huntingdon Co., by White, 
 Haun's bridge, Juniata township, 100' and 300' beneath Che- 
 mung Upper conglomerate. (T3, pp. 98, 194.) Bedford Co., by 
 Stevenson, in Portage sandstone, VIII /*, Yellow creek, 1000' be- 
 neath Chemung lower conglomerate, (T2, p. 80) ; brown SS, 
 Calvin's, Napier t., (p. 117) yellow SS. W^. Borden's ridge, St. 
 Clair t. (p. 122) ; reddish brown flags (p. 122) ; Chemung SS. 
 Clear ridge, Zembower's, W. Providence t. (p. 216)— F///. 
 Specimen 855-29 (a very coarse specimen of A, aspera? in 
 good condition); — 30 (similar, but lower half broken off); 
 in Sherwood's Coll. in Sullivan t., Tioga county, Pa , (O, p. 
 236), from Zipper Chemung VIII g, 
 
 Atrypa aspera, var. occidentalis, Hall, Geological Report 
 on Iowa, Vol. 1, part 2, 1858. Hamilton formation^ VIII g. 
 This is the varietv seen in the Norih- western States. 
 
Atry. 
 
 54 
 
 Vi^n. 
 
 Atrypa chemungensis. Vanuxem, page 182, fig. 49, 4, 
 
 yiU ^I. „,. ^ , VIII g, 
 
 Chemung 
 formation. 
 (See Con- 
 rad, 1842, 
 Jour. A. N. H. Phila., Vol. 8.— This 
 is the largest Atrypa in middle New 
 mw«m^ York ; but the casts of it are more nu- 
 
 Vamvu^"^'""'*'™"' 49 '"^ merous than the shells themselves. 
 
 Atrypa concentrica. See Athyris spiriferoides. VIII g- 
 Atrypa concinna. See Nucleospira concinna. VIII c. 
 Atrypa congesta. See Camarella congesta. Y a. 
 Atrypa consimilaris. See Atrypa reticularis. VIII a, 
 Atrypa contr acta. SeeStenoschismacontractum. VIII g. 
 Atrypa Giiloides. See Rhynchonella venustula. VIII d 
 Atrypa Guneata, See Rhynchonella cuneata. F5. 
 Atrypa diihia. See Rhynchonella dubia. II h. 
 
 Antrypa dumosa. Hall, page 271, figs. 124, 1, la; lb 
 
 (a cast). Chemung 
 formation. VIII g, 
 Dumosa means hushy^ 
 in reference to its nu- 
 merous spines ; but 
 [JM^aH, ±a. the shells of this spe- 
 
 cies found abundantly along the Chemung 
 river, on Cayuta creek, at Elmira, &c., 
 have usually lost their spines and look 
 scaley, so that Prof. Hall at first named 
 the species Atrypa squamosa. The cast 
 of the interior of the flat valve is punc- 
 tured all over, except on the scar, which 
 is finely striated lengthwise, as shown in 
 the figure, 1 b. 
 Hall. !2A.it 
 
 Atrypa duplioata. See Stenoschisma duplicatum. VIII g. 
 Atrypa elongata. See Renssellseria ovoides. VIII. 
 
b5 
 
 Atry. 
 
 Atrypa exigua. (Hall, Fal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, Trenton 
 
 He. 5 group.) Emmons, x^mer. GeoL I, ii, 1855, page 
 
 ^-^ ^^"190, plate 10, fig. 6 a, h, c. Valve with a ridge in 
 
 EmAG^ieiTj mo middle; depressed back; shell surface marked 
 
 with fine concentric linos. Trenton formation. II c, 
 
 Atrypa eximia, 8<r Stenoschisma eximium. VIII g. 
 Atrypa extans. See Camarella extans. II c. 
 Atrypa galeata. See Pentamerus galeatus. YL 
 Atrypa alohuUtorr/iis. See Leiorhynchus globulif . VIII g. 
 Atrypa hemispherica. Leptocoelia hemispherica. V a, 
 
 Atrypa hystrix. (Hall, page 271, fig. 124, 2. H. D. Rogei s, 
 
 p a g o 
 829, fig- 
 ure 681. 
 Vlllg. 
 Chem - 
 
 H.J24-. ' ^\ ung for- 
 
 mation. 
 Claypole, Perry Co., Pa., Report 
 F2, preface. VIII c; Hamilton 
 formation. At Selinsgrove, sec- 
 tion 95, bed 4, White's Report 
 G7, p. 359,inlcwer Chcmuug, VIII g. or Portage, VIII f. — in 
 Erie Co. with other genuine Chemung forms in middle and 
 upper layers of E C White's 325' of Chemung (Q4, p. US).— 
 Quite abundant in the Spirifer led over the Thira Oil SS. at 
 the Carroll quaiijes, at EeBoeuf (Q4, p. 240). — With other 
 Chemung forms at Crowley's run bridge, Greene township 
 (Q4,p.283).— F/77,7. 
 
 Atrypa imbricata {Terehratula imoricata). Hall, Re- 
 port on the Geology of the Eourth distjict of New 
 * York, 1843, page 103, plate fig. [14, l.j Niagara 
 formation. The figure is tak<^n from H. D. Rogers, 
 Geol. Pa., 1858. VI, 
 
 Atrypa impressa. Spec. 854-15 (doubtful species; poor 
 cast, but showing muscular im.jression) ; in Sherwood's coll. in 
 Charleston t., Tioga Co., Chemung upper ^ VIII g. 
 
 K.6U- 
 
Atry. 
 
 56 
 
 PaLNXMU 
 
 Atrypa increhescens. See Rhynchonella capax. Ill b. 
 
 Atrypa intermedia, Rogers, page 823, fig. 634. See Hall, 
 
 PaLN. Y. 
 Vol. II, 
 
 1852, 
 Clinton 
 forma- 
 tion. Spe- 
 c im e n 8 
 
 collected by I. C. White, near Barre forge, Fa. RR., Hunting- 
 don Co., Pa., from Clinton lower shale. See 000, Claypole's 
 list, 237-4, pill box full. — Specimens in the Cabinet, 00, 
 Pal. Coll. p. 233, spec. 506-5; 506-28; by C. E. HaP, 1875, 2 
 m. S. W. of BelPs Mills, Blair Co., from Cthdon liv:e shale, Va, 
 
 Atrypa lacuncsa {Terehraiula lacunosa). Hall, Plate 
 fig. [27, 3]. Vanuxem, page 117, fig. 25-3, 
 Lower Helderberg formation. It is a some- 
 what rare fossil shell of the Pentamerus lime- 
 stone sub-division of the formation in New 
 York, and was apparently confounded by 
 European geologists with Atrypa wilsoni, also 
 
 S^vXv'//'^^'^^ of ^his sub-formation. Vanuxem. — Lower Hel- 
 "■^s^^^pfc^^ derberg (Lewistown) limestone, VL 
 
 Van. ^^5.^ 
 
 Airypa Imvis, See Merista laevis. VL 
 
 Atrypa laticostata ( Terelratula lat?) Hall, plate fig. [m 
 
 %^^^ ^!^^^ S^^^ VIH^^j^ Vlll ^. 
 
 1, la, lb, Ic, Id.] Chemung formation. VIII g, 
 
 Atrypa laticostata, (variant.) Hall, plate fig. {m, 2], a 
 VUf.^^j^ _..,,,.,,_ variety with six ribs instead of 
 
 three; and possibly a distinct 
 
 species. Chemung. VIII, g. 
 
 PUi^^ Hall. [66] 2. 
 
 Atrypa leiitiformis. See Atrypa reticularis. VIII d. 
 Atrypa limitaris. See Leiorhyncus limitaris. VIII 5. 
 
57 
 
 Atry. 
 
 Atrypa lingui-fera. See Atrypa naviformis. V a, 
 Atry pa medialis. See Eatonia medialis. VI. 
 Atrypa mesacostalis. Leiorhyncus mesacostalis. VIII g, 
 Atrypa nana. See Rhynchonella recinula. XI 
 
 Atrypa naviformis. {Pentamerus linguiferus\ see English 
 V* j^^^ ^^^^ Atrypa Unguifera; Sowerby, in Siluria, 
 
 pi. XX, fig. 21, 1859; Silur. Research, 
 pi. XIII, fig. leS.) Hall, page 71, fig. 16, 
 3. A nearly globular shell confined 1o 
 j/^^^^^^F" 3."^^^ the Clinton Upper limestone. Va. 
 
 Atrypa neglecta. 00, 506-9; Bell's Mills, Blair Co., Pa., 
 from Clinton lime shale.^ Va. 
 
 Atrypa nitida. See Meristina nitida. Vh. 
 Atrypa peculiaris. See Eatonia peculiaris. VII. 
 Atrypa plena. See Rhynconella plena. II a, II h. 
 Atrypa plicatula. See Rhynchonella plicatula. Va. 
 Atrypa plicifera. See Rhynchonella plicifera. II a. 
 Atrypa polita. See Athyris polita. VIII g. 
 Atrypa prisca. See Atrypa reticularis. Va to VIII g. 
 Atrypa quadricostata. E,hynchonella quadric. VIII e. 
 
 Atrypa pseudomarginalis. — Specimen 856-16 (dorsal 
 valve); Mixtown, Tioga Co , Upper Chemung VIII g. 
 
 Atrypa reticularis. ( A trypa aMnis.) Hall , page 72, figs. 
 
 17, 8, 8c^, old 
 
 and young 
 
 spe c i m e n s . 
 
 Y\ Sd^ (Yanuxem, 
 
 in ^^rpiix^- page 88, fig. 12.) Rog- 
 1/ -444M^ o^^g^ p^g^ g23, fig. 633. 
 
 Ya., Clinton formation. Specimens in the 
 Cabinet; 00, Pal. Coll. p. 233, spec. 503- 
 3, much crushed ; 503-6, poor ; 503-8, poor : by Hale & Hall, 
 at Matilda furnace, Mifflin Co., from Clinton shale, Va. — 506-1 ; 
 506-2; 506-1; 506-19; 50n-20 ; 506-23; 506-24 ; 506-25 ; 506- 
 26; 506-27; 506-31; 506-33; 506-34; by C. E. Hall, 2m. S. 
 W. of Bell's Mills, Blair Co., from Clinton lime shales^ Va. — 
 507-2; 507-3; 507-6; 507-9, poor impression of a fragment; 
 507-11, dorsal valve; 507-15; by Fellows & Hall, at Matilda 
 
Atry. 
 
 58 
 
 furnace, Mifflin Co , from Clint07i shale, V a. — 601-4 (four 
 specs.); 601-5 (eight); 601-6 (twenty-one); 601-7 (four); 
 601-8 (four); 601-9 (fifteen); 601-10 (twenty); 601-16, frag- 
 ments; 601-17 (one mended specimen) ; 601-21 ; by Hale & 
 Hall, 1875, near Orbisonia, from Lower Ildderherg strata^ VI. — 
 606-6 ; 606-7 ; 606-8 ; 606-9, with poor fragments of other spe 
 cies on the same surface ; 606-14 ; 606-15, poor fragments ; also 
 607-7, very poor; all by Fellows & Genth, | m. N. and 1 m. S. 
 W. of Marshall's falls, Monroe Co., Pa., from Hamilton sha.e., 
 YIIIc. — 610-1, by Biliin, from Warrior ridge, Barree, Hunt- 
 ingdon Co., from Lower Held. VI. — 701-1 (seven specimens) 
 by C. E. Hall, at Sandy ridge quarry, in Oriskany sandstone^ 
 F/Z— 801-4, 801-8; by H. M. Chance, near Marshall's falls, 
 Monroe Co. Hamilton F///(?.— 805-5 ; by C. E. Hall, at 
 Bell's mills, Blair Co., in Hamilton shale VIII c. — 806-4; 
 806-7, crushed specimens ; by Fellows & Genth, near Mar- 
 shall's falls, Monroe Co., in Ham. shale, F/7/c.— Spec. 807-54, 
 Hall & Fellows' Coll. N. of Tyrone city, Blair Co., Low. Held. 
 VI — 859-4 (cast of interior) Lawrence Nille, Tioga Co., Up- 
 per Chemung. FZ//^.— 855-44, (a very poor, very convex 
 specimen) in Sherwood's Tioga Co., coll. from Upper Chemung. 
 {Hipparionyx consimilis.) Hall, page 108, fig. 37. F&, 
 V*i) mrmmrm^ Niagara formation. (Com- 
 
 ' ' "*^ pare M. C. page 324, fig. 2.) 
 
 Vanuxem puts this with H. 
 proximus and Hip. similaris 
 
 u H n^ fei«mwm\i of the Orishany sandstone. 
 ■nalLo/. ijraHi 
 
 {Hipparionyx similaris.) Vanuxem, page 132, fig. 31, 2. 
 
 Vlll nu ..^^^^ Vlfl {Atry pa 
 
 Vlli»€L. ^^^■imn^ Vifia- .^^ consimilar- 
 
 is.) Hall, 
 fig. 34, 2. 
 
 Vllla.Vv 
 
 per Heidel- 
 berg forma- 
 tion. Atry- 
 p>a ^W^(^a) Vanuxem, page 139, 
 fig. 33, 5.— Hall, page 175, fig. 
 "to. 5. Villa. 
 
5^ 
 
 Atey. 
 
 Hall. 7^. 
 
 ( Terebratula aMnis^ M. C. ; lerebraUda prisca^ Yon Buch. ; 
 
 Vlfl Terebratula reti cul avis ^ 
 
 . . ^^^^^^^ Brown, Leth. Geog.; Airy- 
 
 pa aiRniss Sil. Res. ; Hall, 
 page 198, fig. 79, 4.— VI lie. 
 Hamilton formation. Hall 
 gives it as Atrypa prisca ; 
 size variable; often flat- 
 tened: abundant; also in 
 Ylllg. 
 
 {Atrypa aMnis^ Atrypa lentiformis.) Hall, page 215, fig. 
 
 Vanux- 
 u ra, p. 
 163, fig. 
 
 Hall, page 163, fig. 41, 3 ; page 215, 
 95, 3. VIII d, Tully limestone. 
 The edges of the valves are much 
 compressed, and look as if they 
 J, «^ — .-■.„ ■ — .::::^ wero friugcd. 
 
 {Atrypa trihulis,) Hall, page 271, fig. 124, 3, 3<^, 3&. VIII g. 
 
 w.ji Chemung for- 
 
 *c5L,<g^8^^ mation. Clay- 
 
 pole (Report on 
 Perry Co., Fa. 
 F 2, preface, 
 lists o f fossils) 
 records Atrypa 
 reticularis 
 from F/, Lower 
 Helderberg formation ; Vlllh, Marcel- 
 lus formation ; VIII c^ Hamilton forma- 
 tion; and VIII g^ Chemung formation. 
 It is one of the commonest forms in the 
 rocks in all the counties of Middle 
 Fennsylvania. In Monroe county, at 
 Stroudsburg and elsewhere along the 
 Corniferous limestone outcrop ; at Mar- 
 J^4-. shall falls, in the base of it (White, G6, 
 
 H.IU 
 
Atky. 60 
 
 pp. 120,122,134,247; 0. E. Hall, collections, 1875.) In the 
 Susquehanna counties, described in Report G7, it is found 
 in the Clinton lower shales; upper shales; and iron ore; 
 Va, (pp. 341; 231,252; 113,341; in the Lower Helderberg 
 Stromatopora bed (p. 348), and from the Bastard limestone 
 upward in Maurer's, Derr's, Russells, Mensch's, Lime ridge 
 quarries, on both sides of Montour's ridge (pp. 89,97,101, 
 24^,218,261,272,311,313) ; in the Hamilton shales and sand- 
 stone, Fishing creek, Catawissa, etc., (pp. 75,229,289); in 
 Tully limestone ( VIII d) on Little Fishing creek; Catawissa ; 
 S. Danville, etc., (pp. 75,207,^^89,339,352); in the Stony 
 brook beds of Chemung ( F///,(7 ; p. 72.) In Perry and Juniata 
 counties itis found in VI, Vlllb, VIII c, VIII g. (See Clay- 
 pole's Rt. F2, preface pp. xiii, xiv; also 000, Catalogue of col- 
 lections ; 60 specimens from 23 collecting places. ) In Hun- 
 tingdon Co., Pa., it tirst appears in the 133' of shale overlying 
 the Clinton fossil ore at Orbisonia (T3, p. 136,141); and 
 then a little higher, in the lime slate 320', the cherty lime- 
 stone 300', and most numerous of all, in the coral bed, 260' be- 
 neath the top of Lower Helderberg, formation VI\ on the 
 Weaver's run, Hopewell township, (T3, pp. 156, 157.) Then 
 a little higher in the crinoid bed, 130', the flint bed 90', and the 
 coral bed 30' below the top of F7, in Powell's quarry, Cove 
 Station, (T3, p. 123.) Also in the Bastard limestone part of 
 VL on Coffee run, (T3, p. 172.) Much higher it occurs in 
 Hamilton upper sandstone, VIII c^ on Shoup's run, Penn town- 
 ship, (T3, pp. 179, 184.) Still higher, in Tully limestone VIII 
 d. No. 21 of Patterson section (T3, p. 181.) Still higher and 
 only 275' beneath the Chemung top conglomerate, VIII g^ at 
 Haun's bridge, (T3, p. 98.) In Bedford Co., Pa., it abounds in 
 Mann's quarry, Monroe township. Lower Helderberg, VI, (T2, 
 p. 187) and in Martin's ridge, near Maryland line, (p. 158.) 
 Also in Portage sandstone VIII /, 1000' beneath Chemung 
 lower conglomerate, on Yellow creek, (T2, p. 80.) Also in 
 brownish Chemung sandstone, VIII g^ in Napier and St. 
 Clair tt., (T2, pp. 117, 120, 122.) In Centre Co., it is found in 
 Lower Helderberg, VI, Marcellus F/// 5, and Chemung VIII 
 g (T4, 430, 433, 434.) In Lycoming, in Clinton upper lime 
 shales, V «, (T, 43.) From Bradford Co., N. of Leroy, speci- 
 mens of it (with Strophodonta cayuta) are in the Claypolecol- 
 
61 
 
 Atry. 
 
 lection, (000.) One specimen {Atrypa prisca) of it, well 
 preserved, got at 1200' beneath the surface, in boring the Co- 
 burn well at Fredonia, was given to Mr. Carll, (Rt. Ill, p. 153). 
 
 Atrypa rostrata. See Meristella rostrata. VIII c. 
 
 Atrypa rugosa. See Rhynchonella rugosa. F5. 
 
 Atrypa scitula. See Meristella scitula. VIII a. 
 
 Atrypa singularis. See Eatonia singularis. VI. 
 
 Atrypa sordida. See Rhynchonella sordida. II c. 
 
 Atrypa spinosa. See Atrypa aspera, and Terebratula 
 aspera of Schlotheim. VIII c. (Claypole, F2, preface ) 
 
 Atrypa suUrigonalis. See Rhynchonella subtrig. II c. 
 
 Atrypa sulcata. See Merista sulcata. VI 
 
 Atrypa tenuilineata. Hall, 1843, page 271, fig. 124, 4. 
 Vni-^^^ VIII g. Chemung formation. Nearly circular, 
 f.j^^^beak small, surface marked by numerous very fine 
 ^^^ radii ; possibly an Orthis^ Hall. 
 
 Atrypa trihulis. See Atrypa reticularis. VIII g. 
 
 Atrypa unguiformis. See Orthis hipparionyx. VII 
 
 Atrypa unguiculus. See Ambocoelia umbonata. VIII g. 
 
 Atrypa ? at the Clinton ore crop, Howard furnace, 
 
 Centre Co., A. L. Swing's report, in T4, p. 429. V a. 
 
 Atrypa ? Hall. Plate fig. 14, page 2. F5.— It belongs 
 
 V.b. to the group of coarsely ribbed Atrypas {rugosa, 
 nodostriata, camura., negleota., cfec.,) figured in Pal. N. 
 Y., Vol. 2, 1851, pi. 56, 57. 
 p4] % 
 
 Atrypa — 
 
 V.C 
 
 ? Hall, page 137, fig. 54-6. . V c. Salina form- 
 ation, a fine salt mud, the free acid in which has 
 destroyed its fossils, leaving only obscure casts. 
 
 — ? Rogers, page 825, fig. 641. F/ Lower Held- 
 erberg. This is a common fossil shell in 
 H. D. Rogers' Premeridian (Lewistown) 
 limestone, and in the sandy shales be- 
 tween its top and the bottom of the Meri- 
 dian (Oriskany) sandstone. It is of the 
 size and general shape of OrtJiis musculosa 
 as figured in Hall's Pal. N. Y., 1861, vol. 3, 
 
 641 pi 9^^ gg- 4. VII 
 
Atry. 
 
 r?o 
 
 Atrypae ? Hail, page 202, ligs. 81-8, 4, 5. Hamilton. 
 
 VIIJ _ VHIc. VHT.C. 
 
 ^ H 
 
 Viii a. 
 
 8!, 4! 
 
 Atrypa ? Rogers, p. 829. Found with Ooniatites inter- 
 
 ruptiis, in YIII e. Genesee formation. See note to p. 829. 
 atrypa ? Hall. Plate fig. [66,3.] VIII g. Ohemnng 
 
 formation. 
 Atrypa 
 
 ? Erie Co , Pa., Franklin t.. Fairs 
 
 1////,^/^ 
 
 ^iin, section No. 15, 200' beneath Third oil sand. 
 (Qi,p. 250.) Vlllg. 
 
 Aulacophyllum convergens. (Hall, 35th An. Rt., 1882. 
 
 Fossil Corals, Niag. and V. Held.) 
 • Oollett's Indiana of 1882, page 281, 
 plate 17, figs. 1, 2.— Villa,. Cornifer- 
 ous limestone ; Falls of the Ohio. The 
 lamellae of this species vary from 80 
 to 120, alternating in size, thin tooth- 
 pl iT.^^'-) fossette narrow, deep. 
 
 Aulacophyllum cruciforme. (Hall, 35th An. Rt., 1882. 
 
 Foss. Corals Niag. and 
 V. Held.) Collett's 
 Indiana ol 1882, page 
 283, plate 17, figs. 5, 
 6.— F/7/^..Cornifer- 
 ous limestone ; Falls 
 of the Ohio. The la- 
 mellae of this species 
 are 140, nearly uni- 
 form at the margin, 
 alternating below; 
 bottom of calyx con- 
 vex and nearly 
 smooth. Two rudi- 
 .^mentary cross fosset- 
 '.yAltes. 
 
63 
 
 Aula 
 
 Aulacophyllum pinnatum. (Hall. 35tli An. Et., 18^2 
 VlH<x. , ..<^^^\lirlljrT> //I Fossil Corals, Niag. and 
 
 V. Held.) Collett's 
 
 Indiana of 1882, page 
 
 284, plate 18, fig. 1, 
 
 V^^^^^lf^J^^r^T side vein of imperfect 
 
 _ ^ specimen ; and plate 
 
 /aS2.!^^^^^ 22, 5g. 10.— nil a. 
 
 /. /(f . C^^J^^P'"^ Corniferous limestone. 
 
 Aulacophyllum poculum. (Hall's 35th* An. Et., 1882. 
 
 Vlll.a 
 
 Fossil Corals of Niag. and Y. 
 Held ) Collett's Indiana of 
 1882, page 283, plate 18, fig. 2, 
 side view of upper part of 
 specimen ; fig. 3, the cup; fig. 
 _^ ^ 4, outline curve of the inside 
 
 ''ii^ '""/-• Z^-, surface of 1 he cup.— VIII a, 
 Aulacophyllum prseciptum. (HalPs 35th An. Et. 1882) 
 
 Vlft^t. (; <:^ 7 Collett's Indiana of 
 
 "" ' ' ^ ' 1882, page 280, plate 
 
 16, fig. 6, side view; 
 Hg 1^ cup — VIII a J 
 Corniferous 1 i m e- 
 stone; Falls of the 
 Ohio. This species 
 has 120 nearly uni- 
 
 Ni^mvrLLLwtf^i^ .//A/// '//iiiv-wwwvv^x f^rm lamella3, and 2 
 
 Jud '^^^^f lSSzWM'm]^^^PJ,f^ cross grooves. 
 
 Aulacophyllum. pra^eritorm.e. (HaiFs 35th Et. 1882) 
 
 i 
 
Aula. 
 
 64 
 
 Oollett's Indiana of 1882, page 282, plate 17, fig. 3, side view 
 of imperfect specimen; fig. 4, its cup. — VIII a^ Comiferous 
 limestone ; Falls of the Ohio. 
 
 Aulacophyllum princeps. (Hall's 35th An. Rt. 1882. 
 
 Foss. corals of 
 
 Mag. and Y. 
 Held.) Ool- 
 lett's Indiana 
 of 1882, page 
 281, plate 16, 
 fig. 8, views of 
 cup; fig. 9, of 
 side; fig. 10, of 
 back. — VIII 
 a^ Corniferous 
 limestone ; 
 Falls of the 
 Ohio. This spe- 
 cies has manv 
 
 waves, wrin- 
 kles and lines 
 of growth; fine 
 stride from cup 
 to point very 
 distinct ; well 
 defined groove 
 (fossette); and 
 160 to 180 1am- 
 ettae, alternat- 
 ing strongly as 
 they descend. 
 
 wii.mi. ^^^^ n. 16, ~^^" 
 
 Aulacophyllum reflexum. (Hall's 35th An. Rt. 1882. 
 
 7 Foss. corals, Niag. 
 and V. Held.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana of 
 18 82, page 284, 
 .u(jLI5S'2,. ^"mE^Yiy \%. plate 18, fig. 5, side 
 
 view; fig. 6, cup; fig. 7, outline curve of inner surface of cup. 
 Corniferous limestone ; Falls of the Ohio. — VIII a. 
 
65 Aula. 
 
 Aulacophyllum sulcatum, Edwards and Haines. ( Oani- 
 
 nia sulcata^ D^Orhignj.) Gollett's Indiana Rt. of 1882, page 
 279, plate 17 ; (fig. 7 of the cup of a worn specimen omitted) ; 
 fig. 8, similar, but showing variations in the bundling of the 
 layers ; fig. 9, in side of a specimen the skin of which has been 
 worn off; fig. 10, front view, looking into the cup. — VIII a. 
 
 Aulacophyllum tripinnatum. (Hall's 35 An. Rt. 1882. 
 
 ^ Foss. Corals Mag. & Y. Held.) 
 OoUett's Indiana Rt. of 1882, page 
 285, plate 22, fig. 8, specimen im- 
 perfect at the base, fig. 9, side view 
 of cup. — Corniferous limestone for 
 mation. Villa. 
 
 Aulacophyllum trisulcatum. (Hall's 35th An. Rt. 1882. 
 
 I//// a ^>'i^^f^^teK ^ Foss. Corals, etc.) Collett's Indiana 
 •A>V.V.iu.A.«. ' ^ ' Rt. of 1882, page 279, plate 16, fig. 5, 
 
 the cup. — Villa. Corniferous (Up- 
 per Helderberg) limestone formation, 
 M^^^^M^^^M at the Falls of the Ohio, and in Clark 
 -,v-.._^..^y^..^..>.^ >^ county, Ind, Its lamellae are 160 in 
 
 number, alternating in size, only 
 near the margin of the calyx. No 
 real side fossettes. VIII a. 
 
 IncL IS 
 
 
AULO. 
 
 66 
 
 Vllle' 
 
 Aulopora annectens. Clarke, Bull. 16, U. S. G. S., 1885, 
 
 p. 63, pi. fig. 15, natural size ; one speci- 
 men found on a valve of Lunulicar- 
 dium 0T7iatura^ in the sandy lower bed 
 of the Naples (Upper Genesee) shales, 
 Whale's Back, Lake Canandagua, N. 
 Y.— YIII e'. 
 
 Clk.B. 16. 
 
 Aulopora schohariae. Hall, 26th Regents' Report, N. Y., 
 1874. Found by G. B. Simpson among Hale & Hall's collec- 
 tions near Orbisonia, Huntingdon Co., Pa. 00, Pal. Coll. 1875, 
 p. 234, specimen 601-15, from Lower Helderherg^ VI. 
 
 Aulopora tubaeformis, attached to or growing upon Cysti- 
 
 viii.e-i . " "iiii "iiiinii Haiupl.42. 
 
 phyllum americanum {cylindricum) Hall, page 209, fig. 87, I. 
 VIII c. Hamilton. — Claypole, list of fossils of Perry Co., Pa.; 
 Report F2, preface, xiv, — VIII c Hamilton formation. — In the 
 Upper Selinsgrove limestone. Sect. 95, bed 3, White's Report, G7, 
 p. 79, 359, 360. — In Chemung section at Rupert, bed 41, G7, p. 
 67; at Bloomsburg, bed 12, 180' above the Genesee, p. 12; ; at 
 Catawissa, bed 71, p. 267 ; lower Chemung, bed 47, p. 367. — In 
 Perry Co., Pa., in Hamilton, VIII c, Claypole, F2, preface p. 
 xiv; 000, Catalogue of Collections, 22 specimens from 8 locali- 
 ties. — In Huntingdon Co., near Orbisonia, in Lower Helder- 
 berg bottom beds, over Waterline beds, T3, p. 126 ; C. E. Hall's 
 list, Proc. A. P. S. 1876.— F/, VIII c, VIII g. 
 
67 
 
 AULO. 
 
 Aulopora^vanclevii. Collett. Indiana Report of 1882, page 
 
 255, plate 4, fig. 
 1, (Van Cleve) 
 a large colony; 
 shows compact 
 and scattered 
 
 I'M ^.^ forms of growth. 
 "^ ' Fig. 2, several 
 
 Ina.l8#^ 
 
 tubes, much 
 magni'fied. Ni- 
 agara forma- 
 tion in Indiana 
 and Kentucky. 
 A, serpens is a 
 ^1 - much 1 ar ger 
 P •'^' species, but 
 quite similar to this in the mode of its growth, and moreover 
 lived in later Devonian times. — F5. 
 
 Avicula acanthoptera. Hall, page 263, fig. 118, 2. (Com- 
 pare Phillips' Pal. Foss. XXIII, fig. 
 Vlll.a^^^^^^^^p^ 90, 91, 92. — Avicula damnoniensis^ 
 :^m^mii^^mg Sowerby, Geol. Tra'ns. [2] LIII, fig. 
 
 22.) VIII g. Chemung formation. 
 This beautiful shell, from Phillips- 
 burgh, N. Y., has a sharp hind wing. 
 
 Avicula bellistriata, reported by J. C. White from the 
 Hamilton shales under Tully limestone, on Little Fishing 
 creek ; G7, p. 75.— VIII c. 
 
 Avicula carinata. See Pterinea carinata^ Conrad, and 
 Ambonychia radiata. Hall. Emmons, Amer. Geol. I, ii, p. 175, 
 plate 17, fig. 23. Found in Canada, New York, Ohio and south- 
 west Virginia, in Loraine (Hudson river) shales; "the most 
 characteristic fossil of the upper part of the Lower Silurian 
 system." /// J. See Appendex, 
 
 Avicula chemu7igensis. See Pteronites chemungensis. 
 Vlllg. 
 
 Avicula damnoniensis. See Pteronites chemungensis. 
 Vlllg. 
 
 Avicula decussata. See Pteronites decussatus. VIII c. 
 
A VIC. 
 
 68 
 
 Avicula demissa. (Conrad, Journal Acad. Nat. 8ci. Phil. 
 Ill' ^m^^^7¥jmmmmm^^^^^^ ^^i- S, 1842, Hudson river forma- 
 
 % ^^^^iy^^mmim^B ^i^^-) Emmons' Kept. p. 404, fig. 
 
 113, 2. American Geol. I, ii, p. 
 175, plate 13, fig. 10 ; Characterises 
 Loraine (Hudson river) shales, 
 and is found in S. W. Virginia. — 
 Illh. Note. — Emmons gives on 
 page 233, the same plate 13, fig. 
 10, 11, as D'Orbigny's Lyonsia 
 mytiloidea. But Lyonsia is now 
 
 BmmcinsJK^ 
 
 Z Sedgwickia ; and S, compressa^ 
 
 Meek ; S. divaricata^ Hall and Whit. ; S. fragilis^ Meek ; S, 
 neglecta^ Meek, are all from the Cincinnati (Loraine) formation. 
 S. A. Miller's Am. Pal. Foss. 1877.— 7/75. 
 
 Avicula desquamata. See Obolella crassa. J7. Cambrian, 
 Avicula elliptica. (Hall, Palaeontology of N. Y., Vol. I, 
 1847, Trenton group.) Emmons' American 
 Geol. Vol. I, part 2, page 175, plate 13, fig. 
 27, a cast of a somewhat elliptical shape, 
 hence called by Emmons suielliptica. — Tren- 
 ton formation. — Hall gives its figure in pi. 
 36, fig. 3, and compares it to Sowerby's A. 
 oUiqua, Sil. syst. p. 635; adding that it may 
 13 be an AmionycJiia. — II c. 
 
 Avicula emacerata. Hall, page 108, fig. 38, 4. (Conrad, 
 
 ^ V h 
 
 CotlT^ 
 
 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. VIII, 241, plate 12, fig. 15.) Niagara 
 formation^ V h. — In Pennsylvania it seems to occur earlier. 
 See 00, Pal. Coll. p. 233,— specimens 501-1, 8, 18, 19 (an im- 
 pression), 24 (two in good condition on a slab), 25 ; by Hale & 
 Hall, 1875, in Ferguson Valley, Mifflin Co., Pa.— Spec. 504-13, 
 from near Orbisonia.— Spec. 505-4, at McKee's ore bank, 
 ]y[ifflin —Spec. 507-5, 12,Fellows & Hall,Matildafurnace,MifHin. 
 All from Clinton shale, V a.— It is reported by Claypole from 
 
69 
 
 A VIC. 
 
 Perry Co., Pa., 2 ni. s. w. of New Bloomfield, collecting station 
 No. 116 (116-16, of 000 catalogue), from top of Hamilton SS. 
 base of Ham. Upper shales. — VIII c, 
 Avicida equilatera. Aviculopecten equilaterus. VIII h. 
 Avicula Uabella. See Pterinea flabella. VIII c, 
 Avicula fragilis. See Aviculopecten fragilis. VIII e, 
 Avicula insueta. Rogers, page 821, fig. 617. Illh. Lower 
 
 part of the Loraine (Hud- 
 son river) formation. Em- 
 mons, page — , fig. 110, 5. 
 (Also Amer. Geol. Vol. I, 
 plate 17, fig. 15.) A rare 
 
 £110 
 
 R.617; 
 
 shell in the eastern district of Noav York. 
 
 Avicula Icevis. See Pteronites Isevis. VIII c. 
 Avicula leptonota. Hall, page 76, fig. 18, 5. Va. Clinton 
 ^/«^WIf^ 8/ formation. Found by I. 0. White on the tip of 
 the Bloomsburg Iron Oo.'s mine near Nethart's, 
 Columbia Co., Pa., Hemlock township, Clinton 
 fossil ore bed, G7, p. 232.— F^. 
 Avicula longispina. See Pterinea longispina. VIII g. 
 Avicula muricata. See Pteronites muricatus. VIII h. 
 Avicula orUculata. Lyriopecten orbiculatus. VIII c. 
 Avicula pecteniformis. See Aviculopecten pecteni- 
 formis. VIII g, 
 
 Avicula rhomboidea. See Appendix. 
 Avicula rugosa. Hall, page 142, fig. 58, 2. Vanuxem, page 
 Vil . 112, fig. 23, 2. (Conrad, 1841, Annual Keport, 
 
 N. Y.) — Name preoccupied by Munster in 1826 
 (Miller). — Water-lime division of Lower Hel- 
 derberg formation. VI By the combination 
 of Orthis plicata^ Cytheria alia y and Avicula 
 58. "^^^ ^. rogosa the Waterlime is known. 
 Avicula securiformis ? See Appendix. 
 Avicida sig7iata. See Aviculopecten signatus. VIII g. 
 Avicula speciosa. Hall, page 243, fig. 106, 1, la. Portage 
 m'^n ?^ <. formation, F////; i.e. the shales of Cashaqua 
 f ^^ ^^^r^ creek in western New York, immediately 
 
 overlying the Genesee black shale. In Hunt- 
 
 H.I06. 1. " ^ ingdon Co., Pa., these pretty little shells fill 
 the Genesee black shale at the big bend of the KR. 125 rods 
 
Avic. 
 
 70 
 
 south of Ooye station in Hopewell township, T3, p. 158. They 
 
 abound also in company with Ooniatites complanatus ia the 
 
 Genesee, No. 18 of Patterson section, T3, 184. VIII e, VIII f. 
 
 Avicula spinigera. See Pteronites spinigerus. VIII g. 
 
 Avicula subplana. Rogers, page 823, fig. 628. (Hall, Pal. 
 
 JM. Y., Vol. II, 1852,) Va, Clinton forma- 
 tion in Pennsylvania, F J, Niagara forma- 
 tion in New York. This is one of the 
 prettiest and commonest shells of the fossil 
 ^ ore shales ; and it is sometimes seen in the 
 628 ore itself. — Vh. 
 Avicula textilis, var. arenaria. Hall, III, pi. 110, f . 2.— 00, 
 Pal. coll., p. 233, spec. 702-12, an impression; spec. 702-14, 
 doubtful. (G. B. Simpson), from southern end of Royers' ridge, 
 near Orbisonia. Huntingdon Co. Ashburner and Hall, from 
 Oriskany sandstone^ VII 
 Avicula trentonesnsis, (Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
 
 Philadelphia, Vol. 8, 1842, Trenton group.) 
 Emmons, Amer. Geol. Vol. 1, part 2, 1855, page 
 176, plate 13, figs. 28, 29, 30. Intersecting 
 rays and circles make a sunken panneled 
 surface to the shell. — Trentonlime stone at 
 (Em.A:&.i855^ iiiKIUPi^J^ ,3 Middleville and Water town, N. Y. — II c, 
 Avicula tricostata. (See lyriopecten tricostata), Van- 
 
 uxem, page 179, fig. 48, 1, 
 Chemung formation^ VIII g. 
 In Pennsylvania, Columbia 
 Co., Orangetown, it abounds 
 in Chemung strata 50' to 100' 
 above the Stony Brook beds. 
 (jr7, p. 73 ; also at top of the 
 Chemung formation on Fied- 
 ler's creek, L. Mahanoy t., 
 Northumberland Co., and in 
 Va.n*48Tf!^^^^liiMI^^^ Upper Chemung bed 25 of 
 
 section 96, G7, pp. 366, 367.— VIII g. 
 
 Avicula triquetra. Hall, page 137, fig. 54, 7. V, c. Salina 
 
 v.c-,,,. (or Onondaga) formation. At W. Comp's mill, 2-^ 
 
 ^^^S miles south-east of New Bloomfield, Perry Co., Pa. 
 
 5*4- .^•^ 7 Report 000, catalogue of Claypole's collections, 
 
 specimens labeled 2-9, 10-21. Hamilton upper shale. VIII c. 
 
Avicula- 
 Avicula- 
 
 71 Avic. 
 
 •? Emmons, page 433, 399, III a. 
 
 •? Rogers, page 827, fig. 663, VIII c, Hamilton 
 
 formation. 
 
 Avicula- 
 
 VIII g 
 
 Avicula 
 Vllf 
 
 ? Rogers, page 829, fig. 678. VIII g. Chemung 
 formation. This shell is identified 
 by H. D. Rogers, in GeoL, Pa., 1858, 
 as the European Devonian Avicula 
 (lamnoniensis^ now known as Pteron- 
 ites damnoniensis^ but in America, 
 as Pteronites chemungensis. 
 
 ? Rogers, page 829, fig. 679. VIII g. Chemung 
 formation. This shell is said by H. D. 
 Rogers to be somewhat common in the 
 Pannsylvania outcrops of the uppermost 
 beds of the Chemung formation. He 
 considered it to be a new species, but 
 gave it no name. Geology of Pa., 1858, 
 R.67^. page 830. 
 
 Avicula ? Rogers, page 833, fig. 689. A small avicula 
 
 Xlll^/^^issj^-^^^ found in 1857, by Mr. Wm. B. Rogers, Jr., 
 
 in coal slate near the mouth of the Ravens- 
 dale tunnel, a few miles east of Pottsville, 
 in Schuylkill county. This, and a name- 
 less Tellinomya cast, were the first shells 
 ever found in the Anthracite measures. 
 
Avic. 72 
 
 Avicula ? in a limestone in the Clinton upper lime- 
 shales, T, p. 43. — Va. 
 
 Avicula ? numerous fragments near the bottom of the 
 
 75' shale overlying the Ore Sandstone at Barree station, Hunt- 
 ingdon Co., Pa., T 3, p. 222.— r a, 
 
 Avicula ? multitudes in the limestone partings at the 
 
 Genesee black shale, at Mapleton, Huntingdon Co., Pa., T3, 
 p. 273.— F///^. 
 
 Avicula ? very numerous, with Spirifer^ Tropidoleptus 
 
 and Crinoidal fragments in the coral bed near Stroudsburg, 
 Monroe Co., ^ m. below Spragueville, on Broadhead's Creek, 
 G6, p. 271.— Upper Helderberg, VIII a. 
 
 Avicula ? with large Orthoceras^ large Spirifer^ and a 
 
 Cypricardia ? in fallen fragments in the town of Warren, Pa. ; 
 outcrop never found by CarlPs report IIII, p. 318, 319. — 
 Waverly^ Pocono^ X? 
 
 Avicula ? abundant under Third Mountain Sand of 
 
 Venango Co., Pa., at 3 miles N. W. of Pleasantville, 300' be- 
 neath the Glean Conglomerate (XII) ; and at 2^ m. N. W. of 
 Pleasantville, 250' beneath XII ; with many other genera of 
 shells; very rich collecting grounds; CarlPs report I, p. 79, 
 note. — Pocono^ X, 
 
 Note. — These '' little birds " (Aviculce) are so abundant in 
 the formations of Pennsylvania, that we may expect to identify 
 all the known species of them, especially those which carry 
 New York names, whenever a systematic collection and study 
 of the fossils of the State shall be made. New species or va- 
 rieties will undoubtedly be found. Of the 93 species named 
 in S. A. Miller's invaluable Catalogue of American Palaeozoic 
 Fossils, 2d ed., 1883, Cincinnati, O., 31 have been transferred to 
 other genera. Of the 62 which are still known as Aviculas^ only 
 10 have been reported by name from Pennsylvania localities. 
 Ten others are figured without names, or reported without 
 names, and remain to be figured if new. 
 
 Aviculopecten cancellatus. {Pecten cancellatus.) Hall, 
 VlU-^. page 264, fig. 119, 4. VIII g. Chemung forma 
 
 tion. — A fine specimen of Aviculopecten. re- 
 sembling cancellatus.^ is 855-32 of Sherwood's 
 Coll. in Sullivan t., Tioga Co. (00, p. 236), from 
 Upper Chemung^ VIII g, (G. B. Simpson, 
 1888.) 
 
73 
 
 Avic. 
 
 Aviculopecten carboniferus. {Carbonarius?) {Pecten 
 XIH,'^Bi^P^ ^®f]^P'_ carloniferus^ Stevens, Am. Jour. 
 
 Sci. Vol. 25, 1858, page 261.) Col- 
 let's Indiana Rt. of 1883, page 144, 
 plate 28, fig. 5, left valve, natural 
 Ino(/^^ ^ ISS'S.^'^^^iil^Sg size ; fig. 6, right valve of another 
 individual. — XIII^ coal measures, at several places in Indiana. 
 (Note. — Probably the same as Swallow's Pecten Iroadheadi^ 
 upper coal measures of Missouri. No doubt the same as Geinitz's 
 Pecten hawni from Nebraska. Found also in New Mexico, 
 100th Med. Geol. Survey, Collett.) — In Pennsylvania, in the 
 Black fossilliferous limestone, 250' beneath the Pittsburgh coal, 
 in Fayette Co., F. Piatt in report L, p. 35; J. J. Stevenson, 
 KKK, p. 309. Also in Decker's Creek shale, under Mahoning 
 sandstone, Morgantown, W. Ya., Stevenson, in L, p. 36. Also 
 in Ferrif. L. Allegheny seiies, coal measures, Beaver Co. (Q. 
 62), Lawrence Co. (QQ, 47); Mercer Co. (QQQ, 25); and 
 Butler Co. (V, 147).— X77/, XIV, 
 
 Aviculopecten convexus. {Pecten convexus.) Hall, 
 
 vm^^ page 264, figs. 119, 6. VIII g. Chemung formation. 
 
 3^^^p^ A species which cannot be mistaken by reason of its 
 
 W~--^P unusual fatness or convexity, and the height of its 
 
 H9^fflPv \^Q^^ above the hinge line. — VIII g. 
 
 Aviculopecten dolabriformis. {Pecten dolahriformis ) 
 Hall, page 264, figs. 119, 4. — VIII g. Chemung 
 formation. It resembles Aviculopecten convexus ; 
 but its beak is closer to its hinge, its ears difi'erenTly 
 %j proportioned, hind ear very sharp, and the whole 
 shell more lopsided (oblique) and much flatter. 
 
 Aviculopecten duplicatus. {Pecten duplicatus.) Hall, 
 
 page 264, figs. 119, 2. VIII g. Chemung 
 formation. This species difi'ers from all 
 the other Chemung Aviculopectens in its 
 extraordinary breadth, and the doubling 
 of its radiating ribs towards the margin. 
 These ribs are plain towards the beak, and 
 cut up into squares by a system of con- 
 centric lines. They grow rough down- 
 wards towards the margin of the shell. — VIII g. 
 
Avic. 
 
 74 
 
 H.94. 
 
 Aviculopecten equilaterus. ( Avicida equilatera. ) Hall, 
 
 y\\\X 1843, page 180, fig. 71; Marcellus formation. In 
 
 Pennsylvania found by White in the richly fossilifer- 
 
 ous bed near the top of the Marcellus, and in bed 
 
 100' beneath the top of the Hamilton, on Big and 
 
 "• Little Fishing Creek, Hemlock t., Columbia Co., Pa., 
 
 G7, pp. 229, 230.— F77/5, VIII c. 
 
 Aviculopecten fragilis. {Avicula fragilis.) Hall, 1843, 
 
 page 222, figs. 41,1, 2,— VIII e, 
 Genesee formation. In Pennsyl- 
 vania, Erie Co., Springfield t.,below 
 Cherry Hill P. 0., Grifiith section, 
 near base of Blue Shale, Q4, p. 
 255 ; multitudes in 6" shale lying 
 50' above top of Girard Shale, 
 Girard t.. Babbit's Sect. Q 4, p. 258- 
 This, or some closely allied form, characterizes the 
 opening of Chemung life, at top of non-fossiliferous 
 Girard Shale. Q4, p. 262.— VIII g. 
 
 Aviculopecten {Strellopteria?) herzeri. See Appendix, 
 Found by Stevenson in Decker's cr. shale, Morgantown. XII 
 
 Aviculopecten interlineatus. (Meek & Worthen, 1860, 
 Proc. Acad., N. S., Chicago. Lower Coal Meas- 
 ures; Illinois Report, Vol. 2, p. 329, plate 36, 
 fig. 7.) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 1883, page 145, 
 plate 30, fig. 9, outside view of left valve, 7iat- 
 ural size ; marked by ten or twelve concentric 
 sharp slender ridges. — XIII Rather rare, but 
 
 found at distant points of Illinois and Arizona, and to be 
 
 sought for in the Upper Coal Measures. — XV. 
 
 Aviculopecten lyelli, Dawson. Acadian Geology, 1868, 
 
 iniimruoj 
 
 H 
 
 Dawson. Acdd. Geol. 1868. 
 
 p. 305. 
 
 page 305, fig. 
 Ill, a beauti- 
 ful scallop 
 shell of the 
 Nova Scotia 
 carboniferous 
 
 limestone formation, with 60 distinct ribs.. — XL 
 
75 
 
 A VIC. 
 
 ■5A AVICULOPECTer* OCCIDENTAUS. 
 
 5 AVICULOPECTEN OCCrOENTAUS. 
 
 Aviculopecten occidentalis. (Shumard, in Swallow's 
 
 Missouri Rt. of 
 J(lll...ssg^^^s^ 3, ^ 1855, page 207, 
 
 plate 0, fig. 
 18.) Collett's 
 Indiana Rt. of 
 1883,pagel43, 
 plate 28, fig. 3, 
 outside view 
 of left valve, 
 natural size. XIII-XY. One of the 
 commonest shells of the Upper and 
 Lower Coal Measures, from Indiana 
 westward ; has been found in Utah and 
 Arizona ; ranges up into the Permian 
 (Meek.) Note.— It is not the Che- 
 mung shell to which Winchell applied 
 the same name in 1863, Proc. Acad. N. 
 S.Philadelphia. (S.A.Miller.) Found 
 by Heilprin in Coll. Wyoming Hist. 
 Soc. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. For western Pa. see Appendix. 
 
 Aviculopecten orhiculatus. See Lyrispeeten orb. VIII c, 
 Aviculopecten pecteniformis. {Avicula pecteniformis.) 
 
 Hall, page 262, fig. 
 117, 1, 2." (Conrad, 
 1842, Journal Acad- 
 emy Nat. Sciences, 
 Philadelphia, Vol. 
 VIII, PI. — , fig. 
 
 .) VIIIgGYie- 
 
 mung for m a t i o n . 
 ( Villa Upper Hel- 
 derberg, Vlllh. and 
 Marcellus forma- 
 tions. Miller.) Lower 
 valve abundant in 
 Western New York. 
 (Hall.) See sect, 
 at Corning quoted 
 in Rt. I, p. 93. Col- 
 
A VIC, 
 
 76 
 
 ^\U,3.H/tt7. 2 
 
 lected by C. E. Hall, 
 1876. Rt. 000, Clay- 
 pole's list, 72-1, spec, 
 from near T o w a n d a , 
 Bradford Co., Pa. Re- 
 ported by I. C. White, 
 from Rupert (Catawissa 
 and Bloomsburg Sec- 
 tion) bed 30 (59), G7, 
 p. 69 (286), one foot 
 thick crowded with gen- 
 era and species, 900' over 
 
 the top of the Genesee, i. e. in Chemung, VIII g. 
 
 Aviculopecten princeps. See Appendix. 
 
 Aviculopecten rectilaterarius. Avicula rectilaterarea. 
 See Appendix. 
 
 Aviculopecten rugaestriatus. {Lima rugwstriata.) 
 V»'^- n- ,^ Hall, 1843, page 264, fig. 119, 3. VIII g^ 
 
 Chemung formation. Moderately con- 
 vex ; ears not very distinct from the shell ; 
 strong radiating striae, which grow larger 
 towards the base, and are crossed by raised 
 wavy plates (lamellae), giving to the sur- 
 face a rough appearance, which is visible in 
 \ the enlarged portion (little figures). Found 
 at Rockville; Hubbieville, All. Co., N. Y^ 
 
 Aviculopecten signatus. (Avicula signata.) Hall, 
 S^m^m 1S43, page 264, fig. 119, 5. VIII g. Chemung for- 
 mation. The surface is marked by sharp concentric 
 lines or lamellae, which give the shell a peculiar as- 
 •fi iij/vpect. Found at Rockville, All. Co., N. Y. 
 
 Aviculopecten striatus. {Pecten striatus.) Hall, 1843, 
 page 264, fig. 119, 7. VIII g. Chemung forma- 
 tion. This species differs from all the others in 
 its fine even radiating striae. Its ears are small 
 and nearly equal; shell erect (not lopsided)^ 
 moderately convex. Steuben Co., N. Y. 
 
77 
 
 A VIC. 
 
 Aviculopecten suborbicularis. {Pterinea suborlicu- 
 
 VfM.g. U$.% y^cdL 
 
 laris.) Hall, 1843, page 264, fig. 
 119, 1, VIII g. Chemung forma- 
 tion. — In Pennsylvania, Crawford 
 Co., found by I. C. White in the 
 First Oil Sand, in company with 
 Productella hoydii^ Spirifera dis- 
 juncta. etc., good Chemung types, 
 Q4, p. 102 ; also, with many other 
 Chemung forms, in the Cussegago 
 SS. at the Meadville iron bridge, 
 Q4, p. 165 ; also, Carll got fine specimens from an abundance 
 of them in flags in the bed of Mill run, at the Meadville oil 
 well, Q4, p. 171.— F///-/X Hubbieville, All. Co., N. Y. 
 Aviculopecten Avhiteii. See Appendix, 
 Aviculopecten winchelli. (Meek, Ohio Geol. Rt. Vol. 2, 
 
 page 96, plate 15, 
 fig. 5.) Heilprin, 
 Geol. Sur. Pa. 
 An. Report of 
 1885, Special Re- 
 port on Wilkes- 
 Barre fossils in 
 Cabinet of Wyo- 
 ming Hist. Soc, p. plate 442, fig. 6, 
 page 453, fig. 6a. Two or more less 
 perfect impressions from Mill Creek 
 limestone,1000' above Conglomerate 
 ( XII ) . — X F, upper Anthracite 
 .. ..-..- ^.,.,.,^Coal Measures near Wilkes-Barre. 
 lw?/;x'^s^!^^ The two upper figures are Heilprin's. 
 mSMt^m^ml The lower one is a copv of Meek's 
 ^^"^ Ohio shell, cast of the outside of large 
 5^^ ' specimen. Newark,^0. Waverly,, X, 
 
 Aviculopecten ? Bedford Co., Wolfsburg, Pa. Steven- 
 son, Rt. T2, p. 144 ; in shale partings of Clinton fossil ore 
 bed. — Va. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? large, with greatly extended wings, 
 
 Bedford Co. King, t., Mrs. Colbach's, on the pike. Stevenson, 
 Rt. T2, p. 131; in Marcellus limestone.— F//7 5. 
 
 fA AVICULOPECTEN WINCHELLI. 
 
 41 *m '^,- 
 
 
 
 4&S5! 
 
Avic. 78 
 
 Aviculopecten ? in Bedford Co. Yellow Creek, Pa., 
 
 Stevenson, T2, p. 80. Crowd a bed near top of Portage form- 
 ation, says 450' beneath Chemung lower conglomerate. — VIII g. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? Same locality ; T2, p. 225; fill a layer 
 
 above middle of No. 19 of Yellow cr. section, say 1260' beneath 
 Catskill formation. — VIII g» 
 
 Aviculopecten f and RTiyncTionella in Venango Co.^ 
 
 Pa., Nelson Farm, 3 m. N. W. of Pleasantville, in green SS. Rt. 
 0, Cat. Carll's collections, No. 3318 ; also with StriGtorhynGhuSy 
 same, No. 3319 ; also 1 m. e. of Little Cooley, in gray SS. loose. 
 No. 3257.— X? See report 1, p. 79, note. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? with Productus, Cypricardia. Spirifera 
 
 and fucoids, characterize the outcrops of shale No. X/, under 
 the Clean (Garland) Conglomerate No, X// throughout War- 
 ren and Crawford Cos., Pa. See Carll's Rt. Ill, pp. 29, 51. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? in the Wrightsville Conglomerate, 
 
 X?, Warren Co., Pa. CarlPs Rt. Ill, p. 230. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? 00, Pal. Coll., p. 235, Spec. 801-19, 
 
 Chancers Coll. at Marshall's Falls, Monroe Co., and 805-35 
 (only a small fragment). C. E. Hall's Coll. at Bell's Mills, 
 Blair Co. ; both from Hamilton shale, VIII c.— Also 855-33 
 (in very good condition) ;— 34 (good) ;— 35 (a fine guttapercha 
 cast can be made from this) ;— 36 (fair) ;— 855-40 (more elon- 
 gate than the other forms) ; all in Sherwood's Coll. in Sullivan t., 
 Tioga Co., Pa., from Lpper Chemung strata, VIII g. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? A large species in the Faighney's 
 
 quarry sandstone, in Warren Co., Pa., supposed by Carll to be 
 the Panama conglomerate of W. New York. Kt. ///, p. 240. 
 
 Vlllg. 
 
 Aviculopecten \? Abundant in the Erie Co. quarry 
 
 of Le Boeuf conglomerate, White's Third Oil Sand, and char- 
 acteristic of it. Report Q4, pp. 110, 249. VIII g. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? in the Warren Co. Third mountain 
 
 sandstone ; Carll's report ///, p. 273.| |X. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? in Sherwood's collections in Brad- 
 ford and Tioga Cos., Pa. C. E. Hall's MS. report of Dec. 30, 
 
 1876.— r/z/^. 
 
 Aviculopecten ? in Coll. Wyoming Hist. Soc, 
 
79 
 
 Avic. 
 
 Wilkes-Barre ; not figured byf^Heilprin in An. Rt. Geol. Sur. 
 Pa., 1885, page 451.— X/// f 
 
 Aviculopinna americana. See Appendix, 
 
 Axophyllum rude. (White and St. John. Trans. Chicago 
 
 Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, 1867, page 
 115). Collett's Indiana Rt. of 
 1883, page 118, plate 23, fig. 8, 
 side view of a small one, nat- 
 ural size ; ^%. 9, cup of the 
 same, XY, Not uncommon in 
 the Upper Coal Measures of 
 Indiana, Illinois and Iowa; 
 sometimes singly, often in 
 clusters, budding sidewise; av- 
 erage size somewhat larger 
 than in the figure ; the new or 
 young coralla are often at- 
 ^ ^««^ .|f^^ tached together by their rool- 
 
 Incl. 1&S3 W PL25. lets. From Newport, Ind. 
 
 Baiera virginiana. (Braun's genus, 1840.) Fontaine and 
 
 White's Rt. PP, to Geol. Sur., Pa., 1880, page 103, plate 37, 
 figs. 11,12; never seen entire; robust, thick leaf; like ^. Ion- 
 gifolia { Scunapaulia) Heer, of the Jurassic rocks of Europe 
 (Foss, Flor. Arctica, ix, 1 to 11). Close to J?, digitata Heer, 
 (Zo7iarites digitatus, Brgt. Geinitz, Permian). Upper Barren 
 Coal Measures of S. W. Penna. and W. N2..—XYIIL 
 
Baph. 
 
 80 
 
 Baphites planiceps. Owen, Proc. Geol. Soc, Lond., 1853. 
 
 „ ^ 14!. 
 
 XIII. ^^^^^^^^ 137. a"""- 
 
 , ^^ p 32g 
 
 Dawson. Ac. Geo!. 1868 
 Dawson. Acadian Geol., 1868, p. 328, f. 137, front of scull seen 
 from beneath, reduced from seven in. wide hy five long, set with 
 strong conical teeth (fig. 137 J, tooth natural size ; f. 141^^, 
 five teeth, natural size, four outer, one inner; 5, section of in- 
 ner tooth magnified; c, skin ^C2i\e, natural size ;) found by 
 Dawson, 1850, in ironstone parting of Albion mine coal bed, 
 Pictou, N. S., with abundance of 5i?^^'or5^5, large fish scales and 
 teeth, and bony spines, some i in. wide. See Appendix, 
 Barrandia thompsoni. See Olonellus thompsoni. M. C. 
 Barrandia vermontana, 8ee Mesonacis vermontana. 
 Middle Camlrian. 
 Batacanthus baculiformis ? See Appendix. 
 Bathygnathus borealis. Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
 
 Dawson, Acad. 
 Geol. 1868, p. 119. 
 fig. 29, a reduced 
 copy of Leidy's 
 a, cross section of 
 second tooth, 7iat. 
 size; 5, fifth 
 tooth, nat. size ; 
 part of the jaw of 
 a carnivorous rep- 
 Dawson.Acad"G^is6a l^"^ ^ "/ ' til o, as large as an 
 
 alligator, (allied to Tliecodontosaurus of the English JSew Red 
 
 Z9. 
 
81 
 
 Bath. 
 
 sandstone); found in the Trias of Prince Edwards island; 
 now in musiiem of Acad. N. S. Philadelphia. See Appendix. 
 
 Bathynotus holopyga. Peltura holopyga^ Olenus holo- 
 f^r. 1- A,llPy<^(^^ Hall, 1859, 12th 
 
 _— =.-™_ T An. Rt. ; Pal. N. Y. Vol. 
 
 3 ; Paradoxides ? quad- 
 raspinosus^ Emmons, 
 1860, Manual Geol., page 
 80, fig. 57; also Pagura 
 quad. Emmons, p. 280. ) 
 Hall, 1860, 18th An. Rt. 
 and 1861, Geol. Vermont, 
 plate 13, fig. 3. Walcott, 
 Bulletin, U. S. G. S. No. 
 30, page 191, plate 31, 
 fig. 1, nearly perfect 
 specimens, but long eye 
 lobes crushed down. 
 Natural size; fig. 1 a, free 
 cheeks and hypostoma 
 (lower jaw plate) in posi- 
 tion. Lower Cam- 
 brian (Georgian) forma- 
 tion, Parker's farm, 
 Georgia, Vt. Z. C. See 
 foot note to p. 13i. 
 
 Bathyurus extans (Asaphus extans^ Hall, 1847) abundant 
 in Pennsylvania Trenton limestone.^ II c. See Appendix. 
 
 Bathjnrus parvulus. See Protypus senectus. Z. C. 
 
 Bathyurus senectus. See Protypus senectus. Z. C. 
 
 Bellerophon bilobatus. {Cyrtolites liloha. Emmons) 
 
 Rogers, page 819, fig. 607. 
 Emmons, page 392, fig. 101 , 
 h. II b. Black river forma- 
 tion. Ill b. Loraine (Hud- 
 son river) shale. — Rogers, 
 page 822. V a. Clinton formation, (com- 
 !0fc*O pare Sowerby, 1839; Murchison's Sil. Sys. 
 
 6 
 
Bell. 
 
 82 
 
 Bellerophon bilobatus, var. acutus. Hall, Pal. N. Y., 
 Vol.1. 1847, page 185, plate 40, fig. 4, a. Trenton for- 
 mation. The remarkable characteristic sharpness 
 of the ridge is not due to pressure, in all cases, and 
 must be considered a native distinction, but not 
 amounting to species. lie, 
 
 Bellerophon bilobatus, var. corrugatus. Hall, Pal. N. 
 Y., Vol. 1, 1847, page 185, plate 40, fig. 6 a,—\\ 
 c. Trenton formation. — Reported by A. L. 
 Ewing, from Hudson river (Loraine) shales, 
 III b, in Centre Co., Pa., who says (report T4, 
 p. 425) that at Matternville on Buffalo run, the 
 lower 600' (grading downward into Trenton 
 limestone) contain fossils common to Utica 
 /«3f^*and the Trenton formations. This shell is re- 
 ported as spec. 702-15, in the Orbisonia collections, from the 
 Oriskany sandstone, VII; 00, p. 235, (G. B. S 1888.) 
 
 Bellerophon cancellatus. See Bellerophon textilis. XI. 
 
 Bellerophon carbonarius. (Cox, Kentucky Et. of 1857, 
 
 Vol. 3, page 562.) 
 Collett's Indiana Rt. 
 of 1883, page 158, 
 plate 33, fig. 6, 7, 8, 
 views of Cox's type 
 specimen, natural 
 size, but a little distorted by pressure. In the coal measures, 
 from W. Virginia to Nebraska; where Collett makes a variety 
 B. carl), papillosus. (Note.— It was usually identified with 
 Fleming's Bellerophon urii, and may be the same. Collett.) — 
 In Pennsylvania, it is found by I. 0. White in Ferriferous 
 Lime. In Beaver Co. on Trough run (Q,62, 200); in Lawrence 
 Co. at Wampum quarries, QQ, pp. 47, 106 ; and in Mercer Co. 
 with B, montfortianus. percarinatus and stevensanus, QQQ, pp. 
 25. 77, 78. — In Fayette Co. Stevenson finds it in the Barren 
 measure black fossil {crinoidal) lime, 250' beneath Pitts. C. 
 (L, p. 36; KKK, p. 310; Q. p. 30).— In Indiana Co. W. G. 
 Piatt, abundantly in the same, with B. montfortiamis ^nd per- 
 carinatus. HHHH, p. 78, 21L— X/7/, XIV. 
 
83 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Bsllerophon crassus. (Meek & Worthen, Froc. Acad. Sc. 
 
 m 
 
 k 
 
 
 
 :;>^'' 
 
 
 
 
 
 V r'~,i:.-:,.'.J-fy.::; 
 
 
 ■•:^"...rv:-^^--5%:.:/^-v:- 
 b-^-r^v-W:/^--' ■ 
 
 g^'-->^.- <-<:$-; iTr^^Av^ 
 
 
 
 I860; Illinois Rt. of 1866, Vol. 2, page 385, plate 31, fig. 16.) 
 Collett's Indiana Et. of 1883, page 157, plate 33, fig. 1, 2, natu- 
 ral size. XIII-XV ; Lower and Upper Coal measures, from 
 Indiana to Nevada; in Indiana, Upper Coal measures. — 
 In Eastern Pennsylvania, doubtfully identified by Heilprin as 
 a spec, in collect, of Wyoming Hist. Soc. at Wilkes Barre, from 
 Mill Creek limestone, 1000 feet up in anthracite measures 
 above Conglomerate No. XII ; therefore Monongahela series. 
 An. Rt. Geol Sur. Pa. 1885, page 457. In West Pennsylvania, 
 Stevenson found it in the gaps of Westmoreland and Fayette 
 Cos., in Subcarboniferous strata. Rt. KKK, p. 311. XI io XV. 
 
 Bellerophon crenistriatus. (Hall, 1876, Ilk Dev. Foss. 
 
 Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, part 2, page 116, plate 
 25, fig. 17.) Olaypole, preface to Re- 
 port F2 ; list of fossils in Perry Co., Pa., 
 in Hamilton Upper shale. See 000, cat- 
 alogue, Claypole's specimen 5-102, from 
 Barnett's mill. VIII c.— Note by J. 
 Hall, 1879. Thus far rarely found, but at 
 distant places in New York: Schoharie 
 Co., one specimen; Chenango Co., one; 
 Otisco lake, one; Cayuga lake, one; Liv- 
 ingston Co., one. It is different from any other Hamilton form. 
 
 JBellerophon expansus. See Bucania expansa, VIII f. 
 
 
 
Bell. 
 
 84 
 
 Bellerophon gibsoni. Collett's Indiana Report of 1881, 
 
 fi^.4, 5,6, 
 
 (4 omit • 
 ted)back, 
 front and 
 
 side 
 views of 
 cast of in- 
 side sur- 
 f a c e of 
 sliell(one 
 of the 
 la r gest 
 
 species of Bellerophon as yet known in American rocks), fig. 5, 
 showing the great thickness of shell between inner and outer 
 whorls; natural size. St. Louis limestone, XL 
 
 BelleropJion inspeciosus. See B. nodocarinatus ? XIII. 
 Bellerophon leda. (Hall, 1862, 15th An. Rt.; Pal. Vol. 5, 
 
 part 2, page 110, plate 23, f. 9) 
 — Claypole, Report on Ferry Co., 
 Pa., lists of fossils in preface. 
 Hamilton formation — In Pennsyl- 
 vania, Perry Co , at Barnett's Mill, 
 P2, xiv; and 000, Cat. Spec. 5— 
 101. Hamilton upp^^r shales. — In 
 Huntix.gdon Co. at Rough & Ready, 
 in bottom beds of Hamilton middle 
 shales, T3, p. Ill ; at Huntingdon, 
 in Hamilton upper shales, p. 109.— Soec. SOl-7, (00, p. 235) 
 MarshalPs Falls. Monroe Co.— VIII c. 
 Bellerophon maera. ("Hall 1876, Illust. Devon. Foss. Pal. 
 N. y. Vol. 5, part 2, page 119, plate 25, tig. 11. 
 Chemung.) — In Pennsylvania, Perry Co., 
 Wheatfield t. Hartzlej's, S. of mouth of Lock's 
 run, in Chemung beds. F2. xv. 000, Cat. 
 Spec. 131-1 (boxfull).— In Columbia C-^. 2 m. 
 above Danville, G7, j. 72, 208. Spec. 80-2, 31, 
 !'^^in Chemung-Catskill, Ylllg-IX. 
 
 
85 
 
 Bell. 
 
 Belleropnon meekanus. See Appendix, This western 
 carboniferous shell was found in Pennsylvania by J.J. Steven- 
 son (Report L, p. 36) in Barren measures. XIV. 
 
 Bellerophon montfortanus. See Appendix. This western 
 carboniferous shell was found by White (QQ, 47; Q3, 25) in 
 Ferr. L. XIII ; and by Stevenson (L, 36) in Barren Measures, 
 XIV. 
 
 Bellerophon nodocarinatus ? (Hall. Iowa Rt. of 1858, 
 
 m 
 
 p. 723, plate 29, figs. 15, a, b, c.) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 18o3, 
 page 159, plate 33, fig. 3, 4, 5, large individual, ttatural size. 
 Goal measures of New Harmony, Ind. (Note. Possibly not 
 HalPs B. nodocarmatus. Possibly also merely a variety of 
 Collett's B. inspeciosus from Nevv Mexico.) — Doubtfully iden- 
 tified by Heilpiin, as a specimen in Museum of Wyoming Hist. 
 Soc. found in Mill Creek limestone near Wilkes Barre, 1000' 
 feet above the conglomerate. An. Rt. Penn. Geol. Sar. 1885, 
 
 p. 456.— x/f; 
 
 Bellerophon papillosus., a variety of Bellerophon carbon- 
 arius. XIII 
 
 Bellerophon patulus. (Hall, page 196, fig. 78, 1. Hamil- 
 ton ) — Found at Marshall's creek, 
 Monroe Co. See Cat. 00, p. 235, 
 specimens 801 7. (G. B. 8. 1888.) 
 000, Catalogue of Collections, 
 specimens 5-97,-186, from Bar- 
 nett's Mills, Perry Co. in Hamil- 
 ton upper shale. — Huntingdon Co. 
 Saxton section, b'^d No. 84, Ham- 
 ilton middle shales; White, T2, 23L— VlIIc. 
 
Bell. 
 
 86 
 
 Bellerophon percarinatus. (Conrad. Jour. Acad. N. S. 
 
 Phil. 1842, 
 Vol. 8, 
 plate 16, 
 fig. 5 ; Nor- 
 w o o d & 
 Pl'33 Pratten, 
 I A Joar. Acad. N. 
 S. Phil. 1854, 
 Vol 3, page 74, 
 plate 9, fig. 4) 
 Collett's In- 
 diana Kept, of 
 
 3 883, page 158, plate 33, figs. 9, 10, 11, views of a specimen 
 showing both side ridges and middle nodular ridges, or rows of 
 little knobs; figs. 12, 13, 14, another specimen without side 
 ridges ; all of natural size. One of the commonest shells from 
 coal M. of Indiana upward through the Upper Coal Measures. 
 
 In Wilkes-Barre anthracite measures doubtfully identified 
 by Heilprin, in An. Rt. G. Sur. Pa. 1885, p. 451, in Wyoming 
 Hist. Soc.'s collections. — In Western Pennsylvania, Beaver, 
 Lawrence, Mercer and Butler Cos. in Ferriferous limestone 
 (Q 62, 200; QQ 47, 106; QQQ, 25; V, 14"). In Fayette Co- 
 Coal measures, KKK, 310. In W. Va. Barren measure shale 
 250' beneath Pitts. C. Stevenson, Trans. A. P. S. quoted in L, 
 36.— X///, X/F. 
 
 Bellerophon profundus. Emmons, page 393, figs. 103, 1, 
 I i *L 2, 3. — Trenton forma- 
 
 tion. II G. — Abund- 
 ant in the black beds 
 of the formation. At 
 Watertown, N, Y., in 
 ^__ ^ -.,^w - 3- the lumpy beds it may 
 C.J05. X. YyQ found in certain 
 
 irregular masses which no one would suspect to contain fossils, 
 for they are black, smooth, polished and without external 
 marks. The shells here are of the size of the figures above ; 
 but elsewhere the species grew sometimes four times that size. 
 Mouth rarely seen ; but in one large specimen shows remarkably 
 expanded, and wide out of all proportion to the body. 
 
 EJ03. 
 
87 
 
 Bell. 
 
 H j07 
 
 Bellerophon punctifrons. Emmons, page 392, fig. 101, 5. 
 
 UlacJc Rive:' and Trenton formations. 
 This beautiful little shell was found 
 (1842) by Emmons in the same grey 
 crystalline limestone at Watertown, as 
 his Subulites elongata^ and his Pleuro- 
 tomaria lenticularis. II c, 
 
 Bellerophon stevensanus. See Appendix, 
 
 Bellerophon striatus. Hall, page 245, fig. 107. 7. Portage 
 
 formatioxi. (Compare Phillips, Pal. Foss. XL, fig. 
 
 198.— Name preoccupied by D'Orbigny. — See Sow- 
 
 erby. 1839. Murchison's Sil. System.)— F/// f, 
 
 7« See Hairs Geol. Fourth district, N. Y. 
 
 Bellerophon sublsevis. (Hall, 1856, Trans. Albany Inst. 
 
 Vol. 4, p. 32, Warsaw 
 limestone. ) Col 1 e 1 1 ' s 
 Report on Indiana, 1881, 
 page 359, plate 40, fig. 5, 
 6, 7, mouth, side and 
 back views; nat. size. 
 — Also Indiana lit. of 1882, (quoting 
 Hairs Iowa Rt. of 1858, page 688, 
 plate 23, fig. 15; and Whitfield's 
 Bull. 3, Am. Mus. N. H. of 18S2, page 
 89, plate 8, figs. 6, 7) page 371, plate 
 31, figs. 6, 7. Sulcarhoniferous at 
 Alton, III, Spergen Hill, &c. XL— 
 na, -^m^ l^SZ. P/^ly^^y doubtfully identified by Heil- 
 prin among the Wyoming Hist. Society's anthracite fossils at 
 Wilkesbarre. Pa. Geol. Sur. An. Rt. 1885, p. 4:'L—XIIIf 
 
 Bellerophon sulcatinus. See Bucania sulcatina. II a. 
 
 Bellerophon textilis. {Bellerophon cancellatus^ Hall, 
 
 Trans. Albany Inst. Vol. 4, page 31; 
 textilis. Hall, Miller's Oat. 1877; 
 Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. 1882, 
 plate 8, figs. 4, 5), Collett's Indiana 
 Rt. of 1882, page 371, plate 31, figs. 
 
 ^ ${^^^^3r^'> ^' e'^^^Wed twice. At Blooming- 
 ^ ton, Ind. Subcarloniferous. XL 
 
Bell. 
 
 88 
 
 Bellerophon thalia. (Hall 1862, 15tli An. Kt. Hamilton 
 
 V/l/ /"in^ g^o^P)- Claypole's list of fossils iu 
 
 preface to Report on Perry Co., Pa , 
 F2, Hamilton formation. See Re- 
 port 000, 1888, Catalogue Collec- 
 tions; Claypole's specimen marked 
 5-90, from Barnett's Mill locality. 
 
 K5^i,u,//^0>1.?« Hamilton upper shales. — VIII 
 
 6'. 
 
 Bellerophon triliratus, 00, p. 235, spec. 801-106, Mar- 
 shall's Falls' vicinity, Monroe, Hairdlton shale, VIII c. 
 
 Bellerophon trilobatus {Planorlis trilohatus, Con.) Hall, 
 IV^-^ fs., Pc^^e 48. figs. 6, 6, & 6, 7. Medina formation, 
 
 ^^H| ^^ ' IVb. (Rogers, p. 822, Clinton. Va. Com- 
 m^^ ^^ i^pare Murchison, Sil. System. Sowerby 1839.) 
 6 « 6, ^ m:. — jj^ Pennsylvania Specimens in the cabinet, 
 810-24 (doubtful; perhaps =850-25 n. sp.) Fellows' coll. Hog- 
 back, Shawnee, Upper Held. F/.— 850-20, Sherwood's coll. Law- 
 rencevilie, Tioga Co., Chemung.^ VIII g. 
 
 Bellerophon urii. See Bellerophon carbonarius. XIII 
 
 Bellerophon ? in Clinton fossil ore shale partings, 
 
 Wolfsburg, Bedford Co., Pa. T2, 114.— V a. 
 
 Bellerophon ? in Marcellus & Genesee, Marshall's Falls, 
 
 Monroe Co., C. E. Hall's collections, Proc. A. P. S., Jan. 15, 
 1876.— Vlllb, e. 
 
 Bellerophon ? Spec. 117-4, Claypole, collection at Fall- 
 ing Spring, Perry Co. Marcellus limestone. — Villi. 
 
 Bellerophon ? abounds in highest Hamilton beds, Bed- 
 ford Co.; and with B. paiulus in Hamilton middle shales, bed 
 84 of Saxton section. T2, pp. 83, 231.— VI lie. 
 
 Bellerophon ? 00, p. 231, Spec. 203-9 (poor), \ m. w. of 
 Bellefonte, Centre Co. Trenton limestone.^ II c. 
 
 Bellerophon ? (cast) in top beds of Chemung, \ m. n. of 
 
 King's Mill, Perry Co., Pa., Spec. 103—?, Claypole's collec- 
 tions. — Upper Chemung.^ Villa. 
 
 Bellerophon Plow in Chemung, olive shale, bed 45 of Pa. 
 
 R. R. section below Huntingdon. T3, 1^\.— VIIIg. 
 
 Bellerophon ? Spec, in Oarll & Randall's collection from 
 
 subcarboniferous rocks at Warren, Pa. C. E. Hall. Proc. A. 
 P. S. Jan. 5, 1876. CarlFs Rt. I, p. U — VIIl-IA. 
 
89 Bell. 
 
 Bellerophon ? characteristic of Third Oil Sand=LeBoeuf 
 
 conglomerate; abundant at Stone quarry, Erie Co., Pa. Q4, p. 
 110, 249.— VI II- IX, 
 
 Bellerophon ? Three undetermined species found by 
 
 J. J. iStevenson in the subcarboniferous strata of Fayette Co., 
 Pa., section beds No. 19 to 5>1. KKK, p. 311— XZ 
 
 Bellerophon ? found by Heilprin in anthracite meas- 
 ures at Wilkes Barre, in coll. Wyoming H. Soc — XIII 
 
 Bellerophon ? in No. 42 of Stevenson's list of coal meas- 
 ure fossils of Fayette & Westmoreland Cos., Pa. — XIII 
 
 Bellerophon ? a minute species frequent (with hryozoa) 
 
 in the Middle Washington limestone of Greene & Fayette Cos., 
 Pa. Stevenson, KKK, p. 306. — Also in Limestone No. IV of 
 the Upper Barrens, near Washington in Washington Co. Very 
 minute, silicified and in vast numbers, K, p. 49, 242. — XVI 
 
 Bellinurus dance. See Euproops danse. XIII 
 
 Belodon caroliniensis, Emmons Bones of a reptile ; re- 
 cognized in York Co., Pa , and at Phrjenixville, Pa., by E. D. 
 Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. I'^ll,-— Trias. 
 
 Belodon leptur us. Cope. Keptile, Phoenixville ; Wheat- 
 ley's collections from the B. R. R. tunnel ; Proceedings A. P. 
 ^,1%11.— Trias. 
 
 Belodon prisons, Leidy. Reptile, recognized bv E. D. 
 Cope at Phoenixville, and in York Co., Pa. Proc. A. P. S. 
 imi.— Trias. 
 
 Beyrichia ciliata. Emmons, American Geology, Vol. 1, 
 
 amb. ^^^^^^^4c. part 2, 1885, page 219, fig. 74 ^, greatly enlarged, 
 as shown by small oval underneath. One margin 
 set with hairs, apparently, but w^hen seen under 
 EmT^^GTi^^ the microscope the hairs look more like edge- 
 
 folds. Blue Limestone of Ohio. — III I. 
 
 Beyrichia dagon. Clarke, Bull. 16, TJ. S. G. S. 1885, page 
 ^'"^- ^ JK ^^? plate 2, figs. 5., 6, 7, side, back 
 
 and belly views of this minute 
 crustacean {figs. magniHed ^0 times) 
 of the Genesee hlach shale at Bristol 
 Centre, Ontario Co., N. Y.— VIII e. 
 
 Beyrichia granulata. See Appendix. 
 
Beye. 
 
 90 
 
 4 
 
 Beyrichia lata. (Agnostus latus) Hall, page 72, fig. 17, 10. 
 
 Rogers, page 822. Clinton formation. — Claypole,- Perry 
 17 Co., Fa., F. 2, V a^ abundant in Clinton Iron SS. and Ore 
 
 SS. and Sand Vein ore bed ; also in the green upper shale, 
 
 Clinton. See Rt. 000, 1888, Catalogue ; specimens 46-6 ; 
 
 161-6,7 (5 in all). — In Montour Co. Clinton fossil ore bed; 
 
 mm White, 67, p. 113, 232.— In Huntingdon Co. Orbisonia, 
 fossil ore b('d roof lime shales, through 133', C. E. Hall's col- 
 lections ; Froc. A. F. S. Jan. 5, 1876. — Specimens in the cabinet 
 as follows : (See 00, Fal. Coll. p. 233,) Specs. 501-16, McKee's 
 ore bank, Mifflin; 502-1, 23, 1 m. N. W. of McKee's house; 
 504-10, Orbisonia, Huntingdon Co. all from Clinton shales over 
 fossil ore led. — 508-3 (numerous specimens), 508-14, 19, 26,27, 
 28 (small piece), 29, 31 (numerous good specimens) all from 
 Orbisonia, Clinton shale. — 510-1 (numerous impressions), 510-2 
 (decomposed impressions), 510-3 (impressions), 510-6, all from 
 Clinton shale, 140 feet above base o^ Clinton formation near 
 Orbisonia. — 511-1, 80 feet above base of Clinton, at Orbisonia. 
 — 512-2,3 (numerous specimens) 60 feet above base of Clinton^ 
 at Orbisonia. — All the above in V a. Only known from obscure 
 casts in iron ore, or in irony slate and sandstone. In the best 
 specimens its surface seems granulate or pustulate. Hall. Fal. 
 N. Y. Vol. I, page 301. 
 
 Beyrichia lolata. See Agnostus lobatus. Ill b. 
 
 BeyricMa maccoyana. Rogers, page 834, fig. 695, V c, 
 Y^ab' Salina formation. (Jones, 1855. Ann. and Mag. 
 
 ^^- Nat. Hist. [2] Vol. XVI. 
 
 R / (}$5 Beyrichia persulcata. See Appendix. 
 Beyrichia notata. See Appendix, This Lower Helderberg 
 
 shell has been found by Claypole in Ferry county. Fa., and by 
 
 Dr. Barrett at Fort Jervis, on the Delaware. 
 Beyrichia pennsylvanica. Rogers, page 823, fig. 696. 
 
 Clinton formation. Rogers, page 
 834, fig. 699. Salina formation. 
 (Jones. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
 1858, [3] Vol. I.) Locality given 
 by H. D. Rogers, in his Geology of 
 Fennsylvania, 18'>8, is simply 
 Aughwick Valley, Huntingdon 
 Co, Fa.— Fc. 
 
 V,a R.696. 
 
91 Beyk 
 
 Beyrichia punctulifera. See Appendix, This Hamilton 
 New York shell has been found by Claypole in Perry county, 
 Pa. ; by White in Columbia county, and at Huntingdon ; all in 
 Hamilton upper shales. Also by White at Huntingdon in the 
 Marcellus. 
 
 Beyrichia regularis. l^^mmoiis, American Geology, 18 5, 
 Vol, I, part 2, page 219, tig. 74, l ; greatly enlarged ; 
 the natural size is shown by the little oval on the 
 side of the figure. A slight obliquity is observable 
 EmJ.T~Ff74b. in the direction of the ribs. — Blue limestone of 
 
 Ohio. /// h. 
 
 Beyrichia seminalis. (H. D. Rogers, reporls this minute 
 crustacean and Leperditia alia as almost the only fossils of his 
 Scalent gray marls {Salina.) T, p. 41 ; and the same (?) in 
 Lycoming Co., Pa., in the Surgent upper lime shale {Clinto)t^) 
 T, p. 43. It is not recognized as a species in 8. A. Miller's Cat. 
 Pal. Foss. 1877, 1883.— F^, c. 
 
 Beyrichia simplex. (English species, Jones, Journal 
 ^4a. Geol. Soc. Lond. IX, p. 161.) Emmons, Am. Geol. 
 I, ii, p. 218, fig. 74 a, (jD:reatly enlarged, see small 
 oval alongside,) which Emmons says, however, 
 ErRA^lsir^ does not agree with the English description ; both 
 borders rounded; gully (sulcus) variable in depth and posi- 
 tion. Compare B. logani of Canada which is probably the 
 species so abundant in the Blue Limestone of Ohio. — II Ih. 
 
 Beyrichia sulcopunctata n. s. Claypole ; founded upon 
 many specimens from Clinton and Salina strata at Waggoner's 
 mill. Perry county. Pa., also specimens from King's mill. See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Beyrichia symmetrica, recognized by G. B. Simpson, 
 among Hale & HalPs collections, 187^, 00, Pal. Col. page 231, 
 spec. 502-5,32, 41 (doubtful) 1 m. N. W. of McKee's house, Mifflin 
 Co., in shale over Clinton fossil ore bed. V a. 
 
 Beyrichia ungula. n. s. Claypole. (Report F2 on Perry 
 Co., Penn , preface, page xiii. ]Vo -figure of this has leen 
 drawn.) Marcellus formation. VIII b. See Appendix. 
 
 Beyrichia ? 00, Pal. Col. page 231, specimens 203-26 
 
 (numerous), 203-29 (several good interiors and many frag- 
 nients), 203-34 (many interiors), 203-38, recognized by G. B. 
 Simpson among C. E. Hall's collections, 1875, on north side of 
 creek, ^ m. W. of Bellefonte, Centre Co., in Trenton U?nestone, 
 
Beyr. 92 
 
 — Also BeyficUas (?) spec. 210-14, and 210-21 (casts of Bey- 
 richia ? too poor for representation); 210-141 (twelve speci- 
 mens), irom Fellows' coll. 1876, at Bellefonte, in Trenton lime- 
 stone^ II G, 
 
 Beyrichia ? in Medina red or lower division, Bedford 
 
 borough. Pa. T2, p. 89. (Stevenson says it is of the character 
 of the Beyrichia of the Tentaculite limestone.) — IV i. 
 
 Beyrichia ? 00, specimens 508-5 (five specimens) 
 
 and 508-24 (very poor), from Orbisonia, Clinton shale., V a. 
 
 Beyrichia ? in Millerstown Clinton fossil ore bed. Perry 
 
 Co., Pa. Olaypole's spec. 161-1 (1). — V a. 
 
 Beyrichia ? indistinct, in the Bossardville limestone of 
 
 Monroe and Pike Cos., Pa. G6, p. 219.— VI 
 
 Beyrichia ? A minute species in the Bastard lime- 
 stone of Mensch's quarry, Montour township, Columbia Co., 
 Pa. G7, p. 98, 248; also in bottom beds of the Low Bros, 
 quarry, p. 260. Beyrichias appear throughout the Lower 
 Helderherg formation, in that region; in Mauser's quarry, bed 
 22, Hemlock town. Columbia Co. G7, p. 226, 244.— The same 
 minute species in the Bossardville limestone^ Russell quarry, 
 p. 314.— F/. 
 
 Beyrichia ? in blue flaggy Lower Helderherg limestone, 
 
 at Bedford Springs. T2, p. 148.— YI 
 
 Beyrichia ? in Hamilton upper shales, at Barnett's Mill, 
 
 Perry Co., Pa. OOO, 1888, Claypole's Cat., specimens 5-48 
 (2).— VIII G. 
 
 Beyrichia ? in Chemung Catskill passage beds, Sher- 
 
 mansdale Mill, Perry Co., Pa. Claypole's spec. S-64 (1). — 
 VIII.Q-IX. 
 
 Beyrichia ? See figures natiiral size and in group, under 
 
 Leperditia okeni. XI 
 
 Billingsia saratogensis. Walcolt. Potsdam fauna ot 
 1/ C /^ t o ^^^^'^^^^^ county, N. Y., 1888, pi. — , fig. 9. — (See 
 V^^^'^'Bull. 30, U. S. G. S. pp. 61, 62. It is a gastero- 
 pod found, as yet, only in the Upper Cambrian 
 formation in Saratoga county, N. Y. To be looked 
 for in Penna. along the north slope of the South 
 W 1 vooo M<^^^tains and along the North and South Chester 
 Wo/C.»8o. Valley hill ranges.— ?/; C 
 
93 
 
 Blot. 
 
 Blo-hrophyllum promissum. (Hall's 35th An. Rt. 1882. 
 
 Foss. Corals, Niagara and TJ. 
 Helderherg.) CoUett's Indiana 
 Rt. of 1882, page 304, plate 28, 
 fig 6, the axis of a specimen from 
 which the skin or bark of the coral 
 has been removed, showing the 
 unsheathed (invaginated) char- 
 acter of the walls; fig. 7, a sec- 
 tion, length wis'i, of another one; 
 plate 27, fig. 9, a cup. Falls of 
 the Ohio. Corniferous limestone, 
 VIII a. — This is one of the four 
 new species by Hall, of Billings' 
 genus Blothrophyllum, and is 
 here given as an illustration of 
 the genus, no species of which 
 has thus far been recognized in 
 Pennsylvania. The four species 
 described and figured in Hall's 
 35th report, on pages 448, 449, 
 are — B. miilticalicatuin^ from 
 Canada west; — B. papulosum^ 
 from Leroy, N. Y. ; — B. sinuo- 
 Hum^ Irom the Falls of the Ohio; 
 and — B, promissum^ which has 
 70 lamellae ; and a flat area at the 
 bottom of the cup, which dis- 
 tinguishes it from B. smnosum^ 
 which also has from 60 to 70 la- 
 mella3. B. papidosum has from 
 90 to 100 lamellae, and a flat space 
 at the bottom of the calyx. B, 
 multipUcatuTn has as many as 
 120 lamelhe. 
 
 Bornia ? in coarse white sandstone; Ware farm, War- 
 ren Co., Pa. Carll's collections, O, p. 130, specimen 2930. — 
 IJl^ Jl. 
 
 Bornia Pin loose piece of reddish sandstone, Pleasant- 
 
 ville, Venango Co., Pa., Carll's collections. 
 
Born. 94 
 
 Bornia radiata. {Calamites radiatus.) See Appeiidix. — 
 This is the Sub-carboniferous species in Brogniart's Hist. Veg. 
 Foss. See Lesquereux's Coal Flora, P, 1880, page 30, plate 1, 
 fig. 7; page 706, plate 91, fig. 5, and plate 93, fig. 2. — XI. 
 
 Bos. Among many bones found in the clay which filled the 
 cave at Port Kennedy, on the Schuylkill river above Philadel- 
 phia, in Chester county. Pa., were those of some extinct species 
 of American bison or ox. See E. D. Cope, in Proceedings of 
 the American Philosophical Society, at Philadelphia, 1871, 
 page 96. — Quaternary. 
 
 Bothriolepis, See Holoptychius. 
 
 Bothriolepis taylori. (English species.) See Appendix, — 
 This Devonian fish is reported by Clay pole in F2, in Perry 
 county, Pa., preface, page 15, as found by him in Catskill-Che- 
 mu?i^heds'., Specimens 50 a-1 (sixteen); 36-1; 114-5, from 
 Linton's hill, west of King's mill. — VIII g-IX. 
 
 Bruchnannia tuluculata. See Annularia longifolia. 
 XI IL 
 
 Bryozoa are numerous in the Trenton f or m.ation II c. See 
 00, Pal. Coll. p. 231. Specimens in the collections may be 
 found marked 202-1 (many fragments requiring long study to 
 distinguish iheir species, and with poor fragments of OrtJiis 
 testudmaria on the back); 202-3, (numerous specimens) re- 
 sembling Orthopora, and unless determined by Ulrich in Wis- 
 consin, they are new species; 202-1, fragments of branching 
 forms, very obscure; all from Kishicoquillis valley, Reedsville, 
 Miffiin Co. — 203-6 5, numerous specimens (too poor to draw;) 
 203-10 many fiagments difficult because indistinct; 203-26, 
 fragments requiring close study; 203-37 numerous fragments 
 of ramose forms, mostly very poor; 203-44, numerous un- 
 determined and poor; 203-46, branching forms needing much 
 study; all from C. E. Hall's collection at Bellefonte, Centre 
 Co. — 210-26, branching; 210-28, branching, needing study : 
 210-29 many fragments, branching, in a fair condition for 
 drawing; 21C-42 fragments, branching, i^oor; 210-57 numer- 
 ous fragments, very poor ; 210-74, a large slah^ with numerous 
 beautiful fragments on it ; 210-99 (indistinct fragments); 210- 
 106 (mostly useless fragments); 210-117, poor; 210-121, very 
 good example ; all from W. A. Fellows' collections at Belle- 
 
iy5 Bkyo. 
 
 fonte 1876.— 211-2b (fragment), 6 (fragment), 211-9, several 
 very interesting forms^ all from Tyrone Forge bluff, on Little 
 Juniata river, Trenton limestone^ II c. (G. B. Simpson, 1888.) 
 
 Bryozoon from loraine {Hud. riv-) ^hale collected by R. H. 
 Sanders, 1875, 1^ m. S. W. Henrietta mines, Blair Co. 00, Pal. 
 Coll. p. 232, spec. 301-4, impression of a branching (ramose) 
 bryozoon, too poorly preserved for identification. G. B. Simp- 
 son, 1888.— 7/76. (G. B. S ) 
 
 Bryozoafrom lower Helderherg formation^ collected by Hall 
 & Fellows, 1876, from quarry north of Tyrone City, Blair Co. 
 00, p. 234, spec. 607-8 (very many fragments too poor for 
 identification); 610-5, closely resembling Gallotrypa heteropora 
 of New York; 610-6, too poor to identify; 610-8, sections of 
 bryozoan branches, but no surfaces to be seen on the speci- 
 men; 610-11, resembling Callotrypa heteropora. — VL (G. 
 B. S.) 
 
 Bryozoa {Fenestella &c.), abundant in Mann's quarry, 
 Bedford Co., Pa. Monroe township, T2, p 187; also E. of 
 Luth. Church, Imlertown, p. 156; lower Helderherg. — VI 
 
 Bryozoa from the Hamilton.^ on Marshall creek, Monroe Co., 
 Fellows & Genth, 1875, 00, p. 235, spec. 804-102, impression, 
 extremely poor. (G. B. S.) VIII c. 
 
 Bryozoon, small, in delicate round patches, frequent in 
 Hamilton middle shales, on Coifee run ; and in the bottom 
 Hamilton bed (just over Marcellus) at Goodman's near Hunt- 
 ingdon, Pa. T3, 112, "Ib^.— VIIIc, 
 
 Bryozoa abundant in Mercer lower limestone, Lawrence 
 Co., Pa. Wayne township, UU, p. 100. — X77. 
 
 Bryozoa, a few appear near the top of the Barren measure 
 shale, 250' beneath Pitts. C. Fayette Co., Pa. L, p. m.—XIV 
 
 Bryozoa, obscure (only seen on. weathered surface), in a 
 layer'ten feet beneath the top of the Great limestone of the 
 Monongahela Series of Coal Measures. K, p. 231. — XV. 
 
 Bryozoa, branching, in immense numbers, locally, on the 
 weathered surfaces of the Washington Middle limestone, but so 
 defaced as to be indeterminable; Washington and Greene 
 Cos., Pa, KKK, p. 306. Converted into calcspar they glisten 
 on the weathered surfaces near Washington, Pa. K, p. 49, 
 242.— XF7 
 
BucA. 
 
 9> 
 
 Cm A G 
 
 Cm A 
 
 P! 6 
 
 Bucaniabidorsata. Hall. (Bellerophonhidorsatus.WOr- 
 
 bigny.) Emmons, Amer. Geol. 1. 
 ji, 1855, page 165, plate 5, figs. 8, 
 27 (copied from Hall's Pal. N Y., 
 Vol. 1,1847). — Tre?iton formsiiion 
 atMiddleville and Watertown, N. 
 g Y. — Note. The name comes from 
 
 a narrow sharp ridge between two grooves 
 down the keel of the back. In young ones 
 the keel band and central line are very 
 conspicuous. At Watertown in beds over 
 the Black river limestone. — II c. 
 Bucania hilohUus. See Beilerophon "bilobatus. 
 Bucania expansa. {Beilerophon expansus^ Hall, Pal. N. Y. 
 
 Vol. 1, 1847, 
 Trenton,) Em- 
 mons, Amer, 
 Geol. Vol. 1, 
 part 2, page 
 164, plate 6, 
 figs. 7 a, 5, 
 showing the 
 '' wide everted 
 semi- circular 
 mouth." Tren- 
 ton limestone at Watertown, N. Y. — In Penn- 
 sylvania, I. C. White finds it iti the Chemung 
 in bed 30 of section 13 (bed 59 of section 
 78) at Rupert and Catawissa, in Columbia 
 Co., 950 feet above the top of the Genesee, 
 and therefore Portage. G6, p. 69, 2S6.—IIg and VIII f. 
 Bucania profunda. {Euomphalus profundus.) Hall 
 Geolog.y of the Fourth district of New York, 
 1843. Plate fig. [27, 2]. Vanuxem, Geology of 
 the Third district N. Y., 1 842, page 117, fig. 25, 2. 
 (Conrad, 1841, Ann. Et. N. Y.) Lower Held- 
 erberg formation. ( Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. Ill, 
 1859, Lower Helderlerg formation.) — Clay- 
 pole list of Perry Co., Pa., fossils. F2, 
 
 VanT^lS* 2^^^^'^^^ P- xiii.— FZ 
 
97 
 
 EUCA. 
 
 Bucania rugosa. Emmons American Geology, Vol. 1, 
 
 7 part 2, 1856, page 166, tig. 37 in the text. 
 About three whorls, covered with lines 
 (striae) sharply arched upon the wide dorsal 
 grooved band at the curve; band & lines 
 replaced by distant wavy lines. — ^A rare 
 fossil of the Loraine (Hudson river) shales 
 & sandstone at Loraine, Jefferson Co. JST. Y. 
 
 Em.A.G. 
 
 —nil. 
 
 Bucania sulcatina. 
 
 {Bellerophon sulcatinus.) Emmons 
 
 pm (Geology of 
 the Second 
 
 District of N. 
 Y., 1842, page 
 312, fig. 84, 4) 
 says that this 
 univalve and 
 Scalites an- 
 gulatus^ Eu- 
 07}iphalus&Q>., 
 fill the fifth 
 subdivision 
 
 (20 feet thick) from the lottom^ of the Calciferous sandrock 
 formation in Northern New York, near Chazy village, a mass 
 of dark-colored finely granular limestone. — II a. 
 
 Bucania trilobata. {PlanorMs trilohatus.) Rogers, page 
 
 u, _ 822, fig. 624. (Conrad, 1838, Ann. Rt. N. Y.) Me- 
 
 ^Tj) dina cfe Clinton formations. IV h^ V a. 
 
 I'v. 624 
 
 Bulimella canaliculata. Bulimorpha canaliculata. — XI 
 
 Bulimorpha bulimiformis (Hall, Trans. Albany Inst. 
 
 1856, Vol. 4, page 29 ; Polyphemopsis huli- 
 
 morpMs-) Meek & Worthen, in Illinois Rt. 
 
 Vol 2, 1866, page 372; B. K Whitfield, 
 
 Bull. 3, Amer. Mus. N. H., 1882, plate 8, 
 
 figs. 37-39.) Collett's Indiana Rt. 1882, 
 
 page 366, plate 31, fig. 37, specimen en- 
 
 In^iW'i^^a.TP/. 3l!^ larged twice^ from Bloomington, Indiana, 
 
 showing columella ; fig. 38, smaller specimen, enlarged three 
 
 7 
 
Bull 
 
 98 
 
 times^ side view, showing notch (sinus) in the upper part of 
 the lip; fig 39, front view of a third, enlarged three times. — ^ 
 Spergen Hill, &c., Ind. Siibea/hoiiiferous. XL 
 
 Bulimorpha canaliculata. {Bulimellacanaliculata. Hall, 
 \,| ^1 Trans. Albany Inst. Vol. 4, 1856. — Poly phemop sis can- 
 alicidatus, Meek & Worthen, Illinois Et. Vol. 2, 1860. 
 Bulimorpha canaliculata^ Whitfield, Bull. 3, 18S2, 
 plate 8, fig. 41.) Collett's Indiana Rt. 1882, page 367^ 
 plate 31, fig. 41, type specimen, magnified threefold^ 
 mi '^^♦; showing channeled sutures- — Spergen Hill. — XL Suh- 
 carhoniferous. 
 
 Bulimorpha elongata (Hall, Trans. Albany Inst. Vol. 4, 
 X/ 'ioyj'^ 1856. Polyphemopsis elongata. M. & W., 111. Rt. 
 Vol. 2, 1866. Polyphemopsis teretiformis^ Miller's 
 Cat. 1877. See Whitfield's Bull. 3, Araer. Mus. 1882, 
 plate 8, fig. 40.) Colletfs Indiana Rt. of 1882, page 
 368, plate 31, fig. 40, type specimen, enlarged twice. — 
 U^^pi3i Spergen Hill, &c., Ind. Subcarboniferous. XL. 
 Bumastis larriensis. See lUaenus ioxus. V h. 
 Bumastis trentonensis. lUsenus trentonensis.— 7/6, c. 
 Buthotrephis antiquata. (Hall, Pala3ontology of New 
 
 York, Vol. 1, 1847.) 
 Vogt'sLehrbuch derGeol- 
 ogie, Brunschweig, 1866^ 
 Vol. 1, part 2, page 253, 
 fig. 88, wrongly quoting 
 Hall's genus as Buthole- 
 pis. — Calciferous s an d- 
 stone (Lower Silurian, or 
 Ordovician formation in 
 New York. // a. 
 
 It looks much like a 
 modern sea plant {fucus) ; 
 was not tubular; and is 
 in the Upper Calciferous, 
 or more properly bottom 
 Chazy limestone belts, i. e. 
 
 somewhat higher in the 
 
 series of formations than Palceophycus tuiularis, and PalcBO- 
 pkycus irregularis, Hall, 1847, page 8, plate 2, fig. 6. 
 
99 
 
 BUTH 
 
 Buthotrephis gracilis. IRogers, 1853, page 808; no figure. 
 
 II b, Kogers, 1858, 
 page 822, fig. 625. 
 Hall, Geology of the 
 Fourth"District,1843, 
 page 69, fig. 14. V a. 
 (Hall, Pal. N. Y., 
 Vol. 1,1847; Treriton 
 up to Clint 07% forma- 
 tions.) — In Pennsyl- 
 vania, Huntingdon 
 Co. Augliwick and 
 Ferguson I valleys, in 
 
 Clinton f lime shales 
 (133' thick) f overly- 
 ing the fossil ore bed 
 at Orbisonia. C. E. 
 Hal Ps collections, 
 Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 
 Philada.,'Jan. 5, 1876. 
 White's ^Report T3, 
 625, page 141.;— *F(^. 
 N ot;e. Hall 
 says that a coaly 
 ^^ film is all that 
 remains of the 
 plant, on the 
 shaly partings 
 ^W between the 
 '^^m. crystalline lime- 
 stone beds, in 
 ^fthe central and 
 lower part of the 
 ^^^^ Trenton fbrma- 
 ^^^J tion, at Jackson- 
 ville and Mid- 
 dleburgh in 
 Herkimer county, New York. II c. — Great numbers of ob- 
 scure vegetable markings are seen on the shaly beds of the 
 Irenton throughout the United States and Canada. — Hall. 
 
 ftig;^jT^'«^'"rvS 
 
BUTH. 100 
 
 ButhotrepMs gracilis, continued. 
 
 
 % 
 
 K/f 
 
 \ 
 
 %: 
 
 
 ~/)^}M?«virj 
 
 At/ 
 
 - V 
 
 
 
 -K^'l'V''''' X 
 
 
 Hall, Pal. N. Y. 1847, p. 62, pi. 21, f. l.—llo. 
 
101 
 
 BUTH. 
 
 
 Buthotrephis gracilis, var. crassa. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 
 
 2, 1881, pi. 5, f. 
 oa,b,c. There 
 seems to be 
 no line ot spe- 
 cific distinc- 
 tion between 
 the slender 
 forms in shale 
 and the coars- 
 er forms on 
 sandstone. 
 Clinton^ V a. 
 
 Ha.fl. Pal. NX 
 
 
 
 ^,'-<^ 
 
 
 I 
 
 I I 
 
 iiil 
 
 wM/fr^^^ }w$m'^ M^^^h'H- 
 
 ^Jjiithotrephis Grantii, iw^cniiiDo Al 
 ,fi om Uio Siluiian, Canada. 
 
 iHliJJik 
 
 'ii^riiji'i^fi/U,f\ 
 
 '■ '.11 ly 
 
BUTIL 102 
 
 Buthotrephis grantii. Dawson. Geological History of 
 Plants, New York, 1888, page 37, fig. 13. — Clinton ( or Niagara ?) 
 of Canada ; found by Col. Grant, of Hamilton. — V a ; h? 
 
 Buthotrephis succulens. See Appendix. 
 
 Buthotrephis ? in black Stormville shale^ Montour Co. 
 
 Pa., Grove tunnel. G7, p. 298 ; also Northumberland Co. 
 Selinsgrove sect, bed 16, under Oriskany. G7, p. 345. — VL 
 
 Buthotrephis numerous at Coxton, N. B. Susq. river, Luz. 
 Co., CatsMll, sect. 10, beds 21 to 44. G7, p. 62 —IX, 
 
 Buthotrephis in sandy shale, Venango Co., S. W. of Pleasant- 
 ville, Holbrook farm. Rt. O, Cat. of Carll's collection^, spec. 
 No. 2880.— P^^^n^, X 
 
 Bidhotrephis roots. See Conostyehus ornatus. XIII. 
 
 Byssopteria radiata. Spec. 850-29, in Sherwood's collec- 
 tions near Lawrenceville, Tioga Co., Pa. (00, p. 236), from 
 Chemung strata^ VIII g* 
 
 Cadodus. In the Cleveland Hack shale of Ohio, full of fish 
 scales at Newburg Falls, O., and containing sharks teeth {Cad- 
 odus,, Orodus^ Polyrhizodus) at Bedford, O., with shells {Bis- 
 cina newberryi and conulavia at Vernon in Trumbull Co., O. 
 
 Calamites and lepidodendra may be collected from the 
 shale at the base of Catskill formation in Clear ridge and 
 Smith's Valley, Huntingdon Co., T3, p. 102.— VIII-IX. 
 
 Calamites collected from Cove Mountain, Perry Co., at 
 Foose's tunnel in Pocono sandstone. 000, spec. 113-3. — X, 
 
 Calamites collected by Randall in ABODE sub-divisions of 
 Warren section, i. e., Middle and Lower Conglomerate, Carll's 
 Et. IIII p. 305. Very abundant in D, the sandstone above 
 the second conglomerate. — XII, 
 
 Calamites collected by CarlL Cat. 0, 2793 in light red SS., 
 Ennis hill, Pleasantville, Venango Co., Pa. ; 2883, in yellow 
 flag, Holbrook farm ; 2925, in gray SS., Ware farm ; 2933, in 
 yellow brown SS., Widow Beach farm ; 2935 in grey SS., Parker 
 farm; 3091, in Devil's rock, just W. of Franklin, above 2d 
 Mtn. SS.— X and XII 
 
 Calamites alternans. See Cal. approximatus. XIII 
 
103 
 
 Gala. 
 
 Calamites approximatus. (Schlotheim, 1820. — Lesquer- 
 
 e u X ' 8 
 specific 
 synon- 
 yms are 
 
 GTUCi' 
 
 atus^ el- 
 ongatus^ 
 alter- 
 
 nans^ difformis^ petzholdi^ leiodermiis^ varians^ communis^ &c. 
 
 See his Coal Flora. Geol. Pa. Et. P, 1880, page 26, plate 1, fig. 
 
 5.) Collett's Indiana Kt. 1883, page 40, plate 5, fig. 6.— Note. 
 
 It is found in its numerous varieties in all the strata of the 
 
 Middle Coal Measures ; i. e. Allegheny series. (Lesq.) XIIL 
 
 Calamites bistriatus. Lesq. Geol. Pa. 1858, Vol. 2, p. 850 
 
 Sg^ 1858. 
 
 plate 2, fig. 1. (Name preoccupied by Sternberg. May be 
 referable to C, ditbius. Coal Flora, P, 1880, page 28.) One 
 specimen from Gate Vein, Anthracite, New Philadelphia, 
 Schuylkill Co., Pa.— X///. 
 
Gala. 
 
 104 
 
 Calamites, said by Lesquereux to be like Mstriatus. or 
 disjunctus^ at King's Mill, Perry Co., Pa., in Oatskill rocks. 
 000, 1888, Cat. of Claypole's collections, spec. 36 A,— IX. 
 
 Calamites cannaeformis. (Schlotheim. — Lesquereux's 
 
 syno- 
 nyms 
 are : C. 
 d e cora- 
 tus of 
 Brogni - 
 art; and 
 C suck- 
 ovii of 
 H e e r . 
 See his 
 Coal 
 Flora, 
 page 24. 
 plate 1, 
 fig. 1.) 
 
 Collett's Indiana, 1883, plate 5, fig. 1, mode of growth under- 
 ground; fig. 2, mode of growth above.— Same distribution in 
 the Coal Measures as C. sxichovii., but more rare. (Lesq.)— 
 Possibly IX ; see G. like histriatus &c., above. — XIII 
 
 Calamites cistii. Brongniart. ( G. varians of Weiss. Les- 
 
 it^3^ PLS'. plate 1, 
 
 fig. 6.) CoUett^s Indiana report, 1883, plate 5, fig. 4.— Not 
 rare in Middle Coal Measures; especially common in iVnthra- 
 cite region, Wilkes Barre, Pittston, Carbondale. Lesquereux ; 
 who detected one specimen in the Mazon creek nodules, Illi- 
 nois.— X7/Z 
 
 Galamites communis. See Calamites approximatus, and 
 suckovii. — XIII 
 
 Galamites cruciatus. See Calam.ites approxim^atus. 
 
105 
 
 Gala. 
 
 Calamites decoratus. See Calamites cannaeformis. XIIL 
 
 Calamites difoivnis. See Calamites approximatus. 
 
 Calamites elongatus. See Calamites approximatus. 
 
 Calamites leiodermus. See Calamites approximatus- 
 
 Calamites disjunctus. Lesq. Geol. Pa. 1858, Vol. 2, page 
 Xlil^''. CaJamiU's disjiuictus. lesq.. ^^^ 850, plate 2, fig. 5; a 
 
 "' very distinct species 
 
 found in the roof of 
 
 ~"^i^^:r:tr:^fe^^^^ ^^^^^ Gtate Vem at 
 
 .^^^^m^:.:?;:^::^^^:^^^, Pottsville, Pa. X7//. 
 
 Calamites 7iodosus, See Calamites suckovii. XIII. 
 
 Calamites petzholdi See Calamites approximatus. 
 
 Calamites ramifer. Lesq. Coal Flora, 1880, p. 23, plate 
 91, fig. 4, recognized by Lesq. among the plants in shale under 
 Pottsville Cong. XII, at Campbell's Ledge, above Pittston, 
 Luzerne Co. White's Rt. G7, p. 39.— X/. 
 
 Calamites suckovii. See Calamites cannaeformis. XIIL 
 
 Calamites suckovii. (Brongniart. Calamites iiodosus of 
 
 Brongniart, and Calamites com- 
 munis^ are accounted synonyms 
 by Lesquereux. Coal Flora, page 
 20, plate 1, figs. 3, 4.) Collett's 
 Indiana Rt. 1883, plate 5, fig. 5, 
 showing diaphragm across the cyl- 
 inder at each joint, as in the 
 modern canes. — ^' In all the strata 
 of the middle coal measures, from 
 the Conglomerate (XII) up to 
 the Pittsburgh coal; in the An- 
 thracite region, from the Mam- 
 moth, up to the Salem vein. (Les- 
 pf K quereux.) XIII, XIV. 
 
 See Calamites cistii, and approxi- 
 
 Calamites varians. 
 matus. XIII. 
 
Cala. 106 
 
 Calamites, many excellent sterns^ well preserved, several 
 feet long but very slender, in SS. No. 2. of Eock run section, 
 under Cong. KKK, p. 75, Fayette Co., Pa.— ZZ-X//. 
 
 Calamite roots, in SS. at base of coal measures, over Potts- 
 ville Conglomerate, Cranberry sect. Venango Co., Pa., CarlPs 
 report III, p. 438.— X//-X///. 
 
 Calamite impressions numerous in the Middle Conglomerate 
 beds. Broad Top, Huntingdon Co., Pa., T3, 71.— X//. 
 
 Calamite stems numerous in black shale under coal bed, 
 mouth of Laurel run, Ohiopile falls, Fayette Co., Pa., Steven- 
 son's report KKK, SS.— XIII. 
 
 Calamites, a fine 5^6??^ replaced by ''blue lump iron ore" 
 (exhibited in the office of the pit boss, Dunbar mines, Fayette 
 Co.. Pa.,) from clay bed 4 feet under Pittsburgh coal. Steven- 
 son's KK, 182.— X/F-XF. 
 
 Calamite impressions on the partings of the Redstone coal 
 bed in Fayette Co., Pa. KK, 374.— XF 
 
 Calamites plentiful in Washington Upper (white) lime- 
 stone (No. VI) in the Upper Barren Coal measures of Greene 
 Co., Pa. Stevenson's report K, 47. — XVI 
 
 Calamites in the Conglomerate, north of Akron in Ohio, 
 are the commonest plant ; and so numerous are the broken, 
 macerated, drifted stem impressions, that they must have been 
 piled up by the waves on an ancient sand shore. The smaller 
 ones have perished; the bark of the larger ones has become, 
 sometimes, a film of coal ; rarely, a thin stratum of coal, a few 
 rods in extent, always without underclay. Ohio reports, 
 quoted in Rt. I, p. 64. 
 
 Calamocladus equisetiformis. See Asterophyllites equi- 
 setiformis. — XII. 
 
 Calam.odendron, stem^ 6 feet long, with many -fi^ne fern 
 impi'essions^ in the roof of the Waynesburg coal bed, Greene 
 Co., Pa. K, 131.— XF 
 
 Calamopora. See Favosites favosus. F&. 
 
 Calam.ostacliys tuberculata, in the Darlington coal bed, 
 Beaver Co., Pa. Rt. Q, p. 54. — XIII 
 
 Callipteridium. mansfleldi. Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 1G6, pi. 
 27, f. 1, 2, in the Darlington coal bed, Beaver Co., Pa. I. 0. 
 White's Et. Q, U.—XIII 
 
107 
 
 Call. 
 
 Callipteridmm rugosum. (Lesquereux, Coal Flora, Pa. 
 
 AU*. j^m\^^ jm^ J'^'^* Jm Surv'y, 
 
 Rt. P, 
 page 
 169. 
 plate, 
 36, figs. 
 1, 2.— 
 Ale- 
 thopte- 
 ris ru- 
 ff osa^ 
 L e s q.; 
 Ale- 
 thopte- 
 ris 6b' 
 SGura^ 
 Lesq., 
 1858.) 
 
 MW3 J ^^ ^^ IS T^rVs Col 
 
 lett's 
 Indiana Rt., 1883, page 57, plate 13, fig. 1 ; showing its relation- 
 ship to Pecopteris. — Three localities in the Anthracite region ; 
 Gate & Salem veins ; No. 1 vein at Olyphant ; F ? vein, Oakwood, 
 Wilkes Barre (Lesquereux). — XIII. 
 
 Callipteridium suUivanti. (Lesquereux, Coal Flora, page 
 
Cali>j 
 
 108 
 
 164. Callipteris suUivanti^ Lesq. Geol. Pa., 1858, plate 5, fig. 
 13 ; Illinois Geol. Et., Vol. 2, plate 38. fig. 1 — Alethopteris sul- 
 livanti, Schimper, Pal. Veg. Vol. I.) Collett's Indiana Rt., 
 1883, plate 12, fig. 1 (two-thirds of it only). — In the Lower 
 Anthracite coal bed at Shamokin, Pa.; jast over the Oonglom- 
 erate roof shale of Colchester & Morris beds; also nodules on 
 Mazon creek. 111. ; also in clay iron balls at Clinton, Mo. ; also 
 at Cannelton, Pa., with Callipt. luans^eldL (Lesq.) XIII. 
 Callipteris suUivanti. Lesq. Geology of Penn., 1858, 
 
 Volume 2, 
 
 page 866, 
 plate 5, fig. 
 \6\ a beau- 
 tiful spe- 
 cies with 
 secondary 
 nerve s 
 arched, 
 slender, 
 close and 
 forking re- 
 peatedly. 
 It stands 
 
 nearest to Neuropteris conferta^ Sternberg, figured by Goppert, 
 in Gatt. Foss. V, VI. From of West Vein, Shamokin, Pa. — 
 XIII 
 
 Callonema ? proutana. See Holopea proutana. XI 
 Callotrypa heteropora. See Bryozoa from lower IIpI- 
 derlerg. VI 
 
 Calymene {Triarthrus) beckii. See for figures, &c. 
 Ptycoparia trilineata, one of Walcott's lower Cambrian 
 species. — See however, 00, p. 231, spec. 203-32, (an imperfect 
 head, not good for drawing, G. B. S.)in C. E. Hall's collections 
 at Bellefonte, Centre Co., Pa., from the Trenton limestone. — 
 Spec. 306-13, in Sander's Coll. 1875, in Leathercracker Cove, 
 Blair Co., Henrietta furnace No. 1 ; and 307-1, in Fellows' Coll. 
 1876, at Bellefonte, (47 hand specimens or slabs, containing 
 numerous fragments of the trilobite, mostly heads, or casts of 
 heads; comparatively few bodies, and these always more or 
 less crushed ; tails comparatively rare, all from loraine 
 {Hudson river) shale., exposed in conformable, uninterrupted 
 
109 
 
 GALt. 
 
 sequence above the Trenton formation (marked by its 6wn 
 characteristic fossils), underlaid by Ohazy and Oalciferous 
 Limestone strata several thousand feet thick. It is therefore 
 impossible to consider these trilobites as belonging to the Cam- 
 brian system. — II G^ nil). 
 
 Calymene blumenbachii. Rogers, page 822 ; sometimes 
 in the Clinton formation, with G. clintoni ; 
 oftener in the Niagara formation. Figure 
 47 taken from Davidson's chart of British 
 trilobites.— 7 «, F5.— See Hall, Pal. N. Y., 
 vol. 2, p. 307, for a long list of European syno- 
 nyms, and references : C senaria ; (7. niag- 
 arensis ; Trilohites paradoxus ; Trilohus 
 tuberculatus ; EntomolitJius paradoxus (of 
 Linnaeus, 1759) ; Entomostracites tuber cula- 
 zv^L.MxcnvcnbcLcUv^ tus / aud OnisGus No, S (of Bechman, 1773.) 
 Calymene bufo. See Phacops bufo. VIII g, 
 Calymene calliGGphala. See Calymene senaria. II c. 
 Calymene clintoni. {Ilemierypterus elintoni.) Rogers, 
 
 y page 823, fig. 673. Hall, 
 
 ^^^^^jjjlMs^ Fourth District, page 77, 
 ^^^^^ fig. 19, 2 (a tail piece). 
 }^^\3y^^0^ Vanuxem page 79, fig. 
 11,2. Clinton. — Claypole's lists of Perry 
 county fossils, Pa. Report F2, preface ; 
 abundant in Iron S>S., Ore SS., Ore Sand 
 vein and upper green shales of the 
 Clinton formation. — In Huntingdon Co. 
 and elsewhere it occurs in the fossil ore. 
 G7, p. 113, 232. In Lycoming Co., in 
 Clinton lower calc. shales, 5 m. below 
 Jersey Shore. Geol. Pa. 1858, Vol. 1, p. 536.— F^. 
 
 Calymene erassimarginata. See Proetus crass. YIII a. 
 Calymene niagarensis. Hall, page 101, fig. 33, 3. Niagara 
 
 H 33 formation. (Very like Calymene 
 senaria of the Trenton formation.) 
 The American variety of C blumen- 
 baohii. (Miller.) — Claypole's list. 
 F2. — Clinton Va; Niagara Vh. 
 
OALt^ 
 
 110 
 
 Fig. 798. 
 
 Calymene scnaria Conr. Unt 
 
 Silur. Cincinnati. Ohio. 
 
 Calymene nupera. See Phacops nupera. VIII g. 
 
 Calymene odontocephalus. See Dalmanites selenurus, 
 and Odontocephalus selenurus, VIII a, 
 
 Calymene rana. See Phacops rana. VIII d. 
 
 Calymene senaria {callicephala) . ZittePs Handbuch, 
 
 Vol. 2, page 604, fig. 798. Emmons, page 
 300, fig. 100, 2. Trenton formation. 
 (Conrad, 1841, Ann. Eeport N. Y. Tren- 
 ton and Hudson River formations.) — In 
 Pennsylvania it is occasionally found in 
 some of the Trenton beds in Huntingdon 
 Co. 0. E. Hall, T3, p. 367 ; Nittany Val- 
 ley, Proc. A. P. S. Jan. 5, 1856; and in 
 Upper beds of Trenton, in Morrison Cove, 
 Friends Cove, and on Cove creek, Bed- 
 ford Co. Stevenson's Rt. T2, p. 94, 
 163, 164; in Centre Co., Ewing, T4, 
 p. 424. — Also in Loraine shale^ at 
 Raver's gap in Tussey Mt. Bedford 
 Co. C. Miller's. Stevenson, T2, 178, 
 — Also in loraine shale, in Perry Co., 
 Pa., Thunder hill, Honey 
 creek. 000, 1888, Clay- 
 pole's spec. 24. — See in 
 Owen, 1852, pi. 2A, f. 12, a 
 figure of an Ohio specimen, 
 expressly made to test the 
 medal-ruling process for pur- 
 poses of Palaeontology. — See 
 also, 00, p. 232, spec. 210-67 
 (two specimens) ; 210-135 
 (nine, two of which are 
 poor) ; 210-141 (nine, poor) ; 210-147 ; all in collections at Belle- 
 fonte. Centre Co., 1876, from Trenton limestone. — II c^ Illh, 
 
 Calymene trisulcata. Hall, Geology of the Fourth Dis- 
 trict of New York 1843, page 72, fig. 17, 9. , Clinton 
 formation (Rochester green shale associated with 
 another little trilobite, Agnostus latus). It is much 
 Q smaller and has a diff'erent arrangement of the eyes 
 from C downingioe of the British Wenlock. — V a. 
 
 Ejoo: 
 
Ill 
 
 CALt. 
 
 Calymene ? Emmons' Geology of the Second District 
 
 of New York, 1842, page 890, fig. 100, 5, Trenton 
 formation. He gives a figure of the central portion 
 of the head of this little trilobite, because this alone 
 £ lAO K ^^ ^^^^i^l'y found preserved in the rock, and is quite 
 sufficient to characterize the formation, without the 
 body or tail. — lie, 
 
 Calymene ? in Claypole-s collections in Perry Co. 000^ 
 
 Cat. Spec. X-24, 4, Thunder hill, Honey Creek, Hose Valley, 
 in Loraine shale (Hudson river) formation — III h. 
 
 Calymene ? in Claypole's Coll. Perry Co. 000 Cat. 
 
 X-14, eight specimens, from Limestone ridge, -J m. N. N. E. 
 of New Bloomfield ; and 6 (three specimens), from Clark's Mill, 
 2^ m. N. W. of N. B.; both from Lower Helderherg upper 
 shaly beds. — VI. 
 Camarella ambigua. {Atrypa ambigua^ Emmons' Ameri- 
 can Geol. I, ii, p. 190, plate 10, figs. 8 a, 8 5. 
 (for 9, see Appendix.) Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 
 1, 1847.— See Cat. 00, p. 232, Spec. 210-77 a, 
 in Fellows' Coll. at Bellefonte, Centre Co. 
 Em.A-a 165^ '^\.\o from Trenton limestone. He. 
 
 Camarella antiquata. Billings, 1861 ; Geol. Vt. IL 353, 
 M-C « Pt7 1^^^5 G!eol. Can. fig. 290; 1865,Pal. Foss. 1, 10, 
 
 fig. 13. Walcott, F3ulletin U. S. G. S. No. 30, 
 page 122, plate 7, fig. 7, ventral valve, en- 
 larged to twice its size. — Middle Cambrian 
 {Georgian) formation; 2 miles east of Swan- 
 ton, \i.—M. C. See footnote top. ISi, 
 
 Camarella bisulcata. ( Orthis lisulcata) Emmons' Geol- 
 ogy of the Second District of N. Y., 1842, page 
 396, fig. 107, 4. Trenton formation. One of the 
 smallest of the Orthidm which lived in this 
 B Lower Silurian Age. Fig. b. gives the natural 
 ' size of it, and a an enlargement to show its sculp- 
 ture. It is quite common at Adams in Northern 
 New York. — // c. 
 Gsxa^ivelldi QircvlvL^i Atrypa cir cuius., Hall, Palaeontology 
 rc^, ^, ^7 of New York, 1843, Vol. I, 1847, Trenton.) 
 ^B^ Ji^'w Emmons' American Geology, I, ii, p. 190. 
 btiju^.m^ ^iW^ "^.jo Trenton formation. — II c. 
 
Cama. 
 
 112 
 
 Camarella congesta. {Atrypa congesta.) Hall, Geology 
 
 of the Fourth District of New York, 1843, 
 page 71, fig. 16, 2. Kogers, Geol. Pa. 1858, 
 page 823, fig. 632. (Oonrad in Journal Acad. 
 2, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1842, Vol. VIII, page 265, 
 plate 16, fig. 18.) Clinton formation. — In 
 Perry county, W. Center township, Wag- 
 ner's mill. 000, 1888, Claypole's collec- 
 tions, 60-1 (two specimens) from Clinton 
 & Salina. — Va^ c. 
 
 Camarella extans. {Atrypa extans.) Emmons' Geology 
 
 of Northern District of New 
 York, 1842, fig. 106, 6. Trenton 
 formation. See fig. &c., under 
 the old name Triplesia extans. 
 lie. 
 
 Camarella hemiplicata. {Atrypa hemiplicata. Hall, 
 
 Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, Trenton.) Em- 
 mons' Amer. Geology, Vol. 1, part 2, page 
 190, plate 10, fig. 7, a, h^c. Ventral (larger) 
 valve has broad fold, in folds which do not 
 reach the beak, etc.; somewhat variable; 
 ventral valve usually very full. Confined to 
 Em./\.GjS55^j^^ 7r67iif(9^ limestone formation. Emmons. 
 -See Oat. 00, p. 232, Spec. 210-52 (poor condition); 210-97c, 
 Coll. at Bellefonte, Centre Co., from Trenton limestone. lie. 
 
 Camarella nucleus. {Atrypa nucleus. Hall, Pal. N. Y. 
 He ^^k^ ..i^^^ .^i^fe.2 Vol. 1,1847, Trenton.) Emmons' Am. 
 
 Geol. I, ii, 189, plate 10, figs. 2, ^, 5, c. 
 
 Like, but smaller than Atrypa extans^ 
 
 ^ ^'^'^ and perhaps identical. — Trenton^ lie. 
 
 Camarium typum. See Catalogue 00, p. 234, Spec. 601- 
 
 12 (three specimens) ; 601-13 (four fragments); 605-2 (twelve 
 
 fragments); in coll. at Orbisonia, from Lower Helderlerg. VL 
 
 Camarophoria .^ wortheni. (King's genus, 1844, Ann. & 
 
 ^7 „ 39 Mag. N. H., Vol. 
 
 14. — Ehynchonel- 
 la wortheni.) Hall. 
 Trans. Alb. Inst. 
 
 £T7i./^.G.ie.55 
 
113 
 
 Came. 
 
 Vol. 4, 1856. — RKynchonella mcera^ Whitfield Bull. 3, Am. Mus. 
 1882, pi. 6, figs. 40-42). Oollett's Ind. Rt. of 1882, page 335, 
 plate 29, figs. 35 to 39.~Spergen Hill, &c., Ind. Suhcarhoni- 
 ferous. — XI. 
 
 Cameroceras trentonense. Emmons Geol. Second District, 
 If .>. ^ N. Y., 1842, page 397, fig. 109, 
 
 4. (Conrad, 1842, Journal 
 
 ^ ^ Acad. N. S. Phila., Vol. VIII). 
 
 f J05'4^^3$7. Trenton. (The cast of a sip- 
 
 huncle, or central canal, is shown in Emmons' figure). — II. o. 
 Campophyllum torquium {Cyathophyllum torquium, 
 
 Owen, Geo. Rt. Wiscon- 
 sin, &c., 1852, plate 4, fig. 
 2. Camp. torq. Meek, U. 
 S. Geo. Sur. Nebraska, 
 1872, plate 1, fig. 1). Ool- 
 lett's Ind. Rt. 1883, page 
 119, plate 23, figs. 10 and 
 13. Some specimens six 
 inches long. Upper coal 
 measures. (orPermo-Oar- 
 boniferous) only; com- 
 mon in the northwestern 
 States.— XF; XVI 
 
 Ind. 1883 ^'^'W^ PI.Z3. 
 
 Caninia punctata.^ Europe. See Heliophyllum corni- 
 culum. Villa. 
 
 Capulus acutirostris. See Platyceras acutirostris. XL 
 
 Cardiocarpus annulatus, Newberry; found by Lesquereux 
 at Campbell's Ledge, Luzerne Oo., G7, 40, 43. — XI 
 
 Cardiocaipus apiculatus. Lesq. also. — XI 
 
 Cardiocarpus bicornutus. (Ptilocarpus hicornutus., Les- 
 quereux, Geol. Sur. Illinois, Vol. 4, Ooal 
 ^^^-~;~^^'^ Measures) Oollett's Indiana report of 1883, 
 
 iTr^^^fi jn P^g^ 1^^^ P^^^® 2^5 fig- 14^ ^ ^^^y remarkable 
 
 seed, hard, compact. — Upper Ooal of Ohio. 
 
 Cardiocarpus licuspidatus. See Carpolithes. XIII 
 
 8 
 
Card. 
 
 114 
 
 Cardiocarpus congruens. Lesq. under Campbell's Ledge, 
 Luzerne Co., Pa., G7, 40, 43.— XZ 
 Cardiocarpus diminutivus. Lesq. G7, 40. — X/. 
 Cardiocarpus eUiptieus. See Carpolithes bicuspidatus. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Cardiocarpus elongatus. Newberry. Campbell's Ledger 
 
 G7, 40.— XZ 
 Cardiocarpus fasciculatus. Lesq. G7, 40. — X7. 
 Cardiocarpus harveyi. (Lesquereux. Coal Flora, page 
 
 808, plate 109, figs. 22, 23.) Col- 
 aHi JIl i^ lett, Indiana report of 1883, page 
 
 'jl /. 102, plate 22, fig. 1. — Sui- conglo- 
 merate coal] of Arkansas. XI? 
 
 Cardiocarpus ingens. (Lesq. 
 
 Coal 
 
 Flora, 
 
 page 563, 
 
 plate 85, 
 
 figs. 34, 
 
 35) Col- 
 
 1 e 1 1 ' s 
 
 1883, 
 
 plate 22, 
 
 fig. 2.- 
 
 Sub'Conglomerate coal Arkansas report Vol. 2, p. 311, plate 4, 
 
 fig. 4, 4:a,—XI? 
 Cardiocarpus latealatus. Lesq. G7, 40.— X/. 
 Cardiocarpus latus. Newb. Also G7, 40.— X/. 
 Cardiocarpus mammillatus. (Lesquereux. Coal Flora, 
 page 571, plate 85, figs. 32, 33, 33a ; also page 
 810, plate 109, fig. 7, where it is said that figs. 
 32, 32^, represent diff'erent species ; 32 a Cardi- 
 ^/^Sy^n ocarpus^ and 32^ a RhaMocarpus. Specimens 
 of the latter in the Lafayette College museum at Easton came 
 from the Hazleton mines (Mammoth bed ?). Others in Lacoe's 
 collection at Pittston came from the Ontario Colliery, Northern 
 Anthracite coal field. Some have been got from the Mazon 
 creek nodules. Fig. 7 (pi. 109), came from sub-conglomerate 
 coal in Arkansas.) CoUett's Indiana Rt. of 1883, page 103, 
 
115 
 
 Card. 
 
 x///. 
 
 
 9 
 
 J). ( lUihoairpoii i>linitiifii 
 
 plate 22, figs. 5, 5a; found by White in roof of Darlington coal, 
 Beaver Co., Pa., Q, p. 55 ; also in roof of " Mt. vSavage " coal 
 bed, Q, p. 68.— X/; XII; XIII 
 
 Cardiocarpus ovalis. (Lesquereux. Coal Flora, page 810, 
 
 plate 109, figs. 8, 9.) Oollett's Indiana 
 Rt. of 1883, page 103, plate 22, figs. 3, 4. 
 ^j^^^^ — Common in the Sub- conglomerate coal 
 f^^r^iz^im ^ 17. ^f Arkansas, Xlf 
 
 Cardiocarpus pachytesta. Lesq. in shales under Camp- 
 bell's Ledge Conglomerate in gap above Pittston, Pa. — XI 
 Cardiocarpon plicatum. Lesq. Geol. Pa. 1858, Vol. 2, 
 page 876, plate 17, fig. 9 ; difi'ers from C, tre- 
 )wrtoni, Lesq. by its wavy plaited surface, 
 without a middle line; found mixed with 
 that species, and with Dictyopteris olliqua^ 
 in the Upper Anthracite coal bed at Trevor- 
 ton, Northumberland Co., Pa. — XYf 
 Cardiocarpus regularis. See Carpolithes bicuspidatus. 
 Cardiocarpus {Samaropsis) simplex. (Lesquereux, Coal 
 XMI ^^^ jL 13 Flora, page 569, plate 85, figs. 49,50, and page 
 ^^''^' 812.) Collett's Indiana Kt. of 1883, page 103, 
 X \ ^:g|^y plate 22, fig. 13. Suh- conglomerate shales under 
 m. ^. fill Campbell's Ledge in the gap at Pittston, Lu- 
 
 zerne Co. Pa. — XI 
 
 Cardiocarpus zonulatus, Lesq. Same. — Note. All the 
 above are found in the Forkston coal bed. — XI 
 
 Cardiocarpus, abundant in roof of the Cook bed, B, Broad 
 Top, Huntington Co. Pa., T3, 62, 278.— XZ/7. 
 
 Cardiocarpus, in roof of Sharon coal bed, Mercer Co., Pa., 
 QQQ, p. 53, 126, 160; also under the Connoquenessing division 
 of Conglomerate, in Lawrence Co. Pa., QQ, p. 96. — XII 
 Cardiola doris. See Appendix. 
 
 Cardiola speciosa. (Hall, 1877, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 5, plate 
 70, fig. 8. Geneseey G\2ij^oW^ list of fossils in 
 preface to Report F2, p. xiv on Perry Co., 
 Penn. Portage ? black slate. — In Huntingdon 
 Co., Pa., McConnellstown section, abounds in 
 bed 2, near top of Genesee formation, T 3, 108, 
 199 ; also at a few exposures, in the Portage 
 formation, 100' to 200' above Genesee, T3, 102, 108; 000 
 
 VilJ'j 
 
 H/ c!5 
 
Card. 
 
 116 
 
 Claypole's Cat. 193-2. — In Perry Co., Newport-Baileysburg 
 upper road, in Portage ? black slate, with other forms, F 2, 
 xiv. 000, specimen 146-5. — VIII e. f. 
 
 Cardiola vetusta. {Gardiiim vetustum.) Hall, Geology 
 ^'irrf mill of Fourth District, N. Y., 1843, page 245, fig. 107, 
 4. Portage formation. A somewhat triangular 
 shell, slightly keeled on the back slope; with 
 ^ plain ribs; usually obliquely triangular; found 
 in the soft green shale on Cashaqua creek, 
 Genesee river, and Lake Erie shore. — VIII f. 
 
 Cardiomorpha lellatula. Grammysia bellatula. VIII c. 
 Cardiomorpha concentrica. Reported by I. C. White in 
 Hamilton upper shales at Huntingdon, Pa., T3, 109. — VIII c. 
 Cardiomorpha cordata. Reported by I. C. White in 
 Hamilton upper shales at Huntingdon, Pa., T3, 109. — VIII c, 
 Cardiomorpha rotunda. See Appendix, 
 Cardiomiorpha subglobosa. See Appendix. 
 Cardiom.orpha suborbicularis. ( Ungulina suhorhiou- 
 yill £^^. laris.) Hall, Geology of the Fourth District, N. 
 
 Y., 1843, page 243, fig. 106, 2. Portage forma- 
 tion. — In Pa., at Rupert, Catawissa and Blooms- 
 burg, found by White in bed 68 of Sect. 78. 
 SeeGT, p. 69, 287, 290,— VIII /*.— Bed 68 (95 
 feet of dark olive sandy shales, very fossilifer- 
 H. 10 6.^ ous) lies 580 feet above the Genesee. 
 
 Cardiomorpha subtextilis. {Astarte suitextilis.) Hall, 
 V... p Geology of Fourth District of New York, 
 
 '•J'.Jfcb^ 1843, page 245, fig. 107, 6. Portage for- 
 
 mation. Beek prominent ; surface marked 
 with strong concentric folds and finer lines, 
 which are crossed by a few faint elevated 
 radiating striae. Shore of Lake Erie, 
 j 07 ^'^^ ^^^^ ^^c Chautauqua county. — VIII f, 
 
 Cardiomorpha vetusta. (Now Cypricardites vetustus, 
 
 which see). Hall, Pal. N. Y. 
 Vol. 1, 1847, page 154, plate 34, 
 fig. 8, a single imperfect speci- 
 men, well represented in Hall's 
 figure, slightly compressed. 
 ( Irenton limestone ^thin^ shaley middle layers. ) Emmons' Amer. 
 
117 
 
 Card. 
 
 Geol. I, ii, 234, plate 13, fig. 8. Emmons named it Lyonsia 
 vetusta,— Trenton formation, //(?.— (Note, fig. 9 has got upon 
 this cut by mistake). 
 
 Cardiomorpha zonata. Keported by I. C. White, at 
 Huntingdon, Pa., in Hamilton upper shales. — VIII c 
 
 Cardiopsis, in C. E. Hall's Ms. Kt., December 30, 1876, as 
 
 among Carll's collections in the oil regions. Upper Chemung. 
 
 Cardium vetustum. See Cardiola vetusta, VIII f, 
 
 Carinaropsis patelliformis, Hall, {Helcion patelliformis^ 
 
 aic. 1 _ D'Orbigny), Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, page 183, pi. 
 
 40, fig. 2 afi; page 239, plate 83, fig. 7 a.l; copied 
 
 by Emmons in Amer. Geol. Vol. 1, part 2, page 
 
 ^ 164, plate 6, fig. 1. Trenton nnd Zoraine (Hudson 
 
 Fm AC I''''') P! ^ 7 cr ^ ^ 
 
 ' ' "^^ "" river) formations; more abundant in the latter 
 than former, and attains a greater size. — II Cylllh. 
 
 Carpolithes areuatus. {Rhaldocarpus arcuatus, Lesque- 
 
 reux. Coal Flora, 
 page 583, plate 85, 
 fig 52, where it is 
 misnamed Carpoli- 
 thes r ostellatus^ 
 from Geol. Rt. Kentucky (Owen) Vol. 4, p. 484, where speci- 
 mens were got by L. from Lower Carboniferous coal in Morgan 
 county. A specimen was found at Cannelton, Pa.) Collett, 
 1883, page 106, plate 22, fig. 18. XIII 
 
 Carpolithes bicuspidatus. Sternberg. ( Cardiocarpus 
 licuspidatiis^ Newberry, Geol. Rt. Ohio, Pal. Vol. 
 2, page 373, plate 43, figs. 9, 9^. Lesquereux, Geol. 
 Pa., 1858, page 877. Goal Flora, page 573, plate 
 - 85, figs. 42, 43.) Colletts' Indiana Rt. 1883, p. 105 
 
 fndjn. 21 pi^^^ 22, fig. 105. Not rare in the Lower (Alle- 
 gheny) Coal Measures. Roof shales Coal No. 1, Cuyahoga 
 Falls, Ohio. Salem vein, Pottsville. — XIII 
 
 Carpolithes bifidus. Lesq. Geol. Penn., 1858, Vol. 2, page 
 
 877, plate 17, fig. 10; also Coal 
 Flora, P, 1880, page 593, 808, 
 plate 85, fig. 16. Species uncer- 
 tain. ''I have attributed to it di- 
 vers forms which are probably re- 
 /a 17. ferable to difi^erent species." Spec- 
 
 PL 22. 
 
 X^s^^ 
 
Carp. 
 
 118 
 
 ■S^*®" ' 
 
 imen figured here is from the "Gate vein" anthracite, at New 
 Philadelphia, .Schuylkill Co. Pa. Specimens in Muesum of 
 Lafayette College, Easton are all from Hazleton, Pa. — XIIL 
 
 Carpolithes canneltoni, reported by I. C. White, from the 
 Darlington Coal bed, Beaver Co. Pa. Q, p. 55. — XIIL 
 
 Carpolithes clypeiformis. The same. 
 
 Carpolithes disjunctus. Lesq., Geol. Pa., 1858, Vol. 2, 
 
 y^Wl J. jf page 877, plate 17, fig. 11 ; an oval 
 
 ,.-■<':^■:^:■,^:,,f:M'^,^^^^ fruit, divided into two parts (the 
 
 upper one convex, the lower one 
 concave) as if by a twisting pres- 
 sure; quite smooth; from an an- 
 thracite bed at Trevorton, North- 
 umberland Co., Pa. — XIIL 
 
 PI. 17 
 
 Carpolithes fraxiniformis ? Goepp. & Berg. See Lepido- 
 cystis fraxinilormis, Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 457. Reported 
 by I. C. White in Darlington bed, Beaver Co. Q, 55. — XIII 
 
 Carpolithes multistriaiiis St. See Rhabdocarpus multi- 
 striatus. Lesq. C. Flora, p. 578. Reported by White in Dar- 
 lington coal, Beaver Co., Pa. Q, 55. — XIII 
 
 Carpolithes orbicularis. Newberry. CoUett's Indiana 
 ^^ Rt. of 1883, page 105, plate 22, fig. 16. Rare. It 
 has been found in Pennsylvania in the Kittanning 
 (Allegheny series) coal bed, at Cannelton, Beaver 
 
 Co., Pa.- 
 
 XIII 
 
 Jnd. 21 
 
 Carpolithes platimarginatus. Lesq. Geology of Penn- 
 ,^,j^ ^. „., sylvania. Vol. 2, page 877, plate 17, fig. 12; 
 
 -.^^ ^ smooth fruit, found in an anthracite coal bed 
 
 at Trevorton, Northumberland Co., Pa., low 
 )ii5g ly ^^ ^^^ series. — XIIL — Reported by White in 
 Darlington coal, Beaver Co. Q, 55. — XIII 
 Carpolithes regularis ? Sternberg ( Cardiocarpus regu- 
 
 J7. 
 
 laris ? of Lesquereux, Coal Flora, page 572, 
 plate 85, figs 31, 31a; perhaps the same as 
 Cardiocarpus elUpticus of Sternberg; both 
 J — shapes being found together in large numbers 
 
 in^ y / . A. 2 i^y Lesquereux in the same plate of roof shale, 
 Kittanning bed, at Cannelton, Beaver Co., Pa.) CoUett's Indi- 
 
119 
 
 Carp. 
 
 ana Rt. of 1883, page 106, plate 22, figs. 17, 17^.— Goal meas- 
 ures, Allegheny series. — Recognized also in the shales under 
 Campbell's Ledge in the Pittston gap, Luzerne Co., Pa. 67, 
 40, 43.— X/; XIIL 
 
 CarpoUthes rostellatus. See Carpolithes arcuatus. XIIL 
 
 Carpolithes vesicularis. In Darlington coal, Beaver Co., Pa. 
 Q, 65. — See Lepidocystis vesicularis. Lesq. Coal Flora, 
 457, pi. 69, fig. 18-20.— X//7. 
 
 Caryocrinus ornatus. Hall, Geology of Western District, 
 
 MX n 
 
 N. Y., 1843, page 111, fig. 41, 1, 2. Niagara. (Say. 1825, Jour 
 
 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada., Vol. 4; Clinton c& Niagara formations.) 
 
 CaryopTiyllia . Heliophyllum corniculum. Villa, 
 
Cast. 
 
 120 
 
 Casteroides ohioensis, Foster. Amer. Jour. Sc, 1837, p. 
 80; Report of Geol. Sur. Ohio, 1838, p. 81; Boston Soc. N. H., 
 1847, p. 385, plates of scull 37-39; An. Et. Geol. Sur. Pa., 1887. 
 A gigantic extinct beaver; tooth found in the Hartman (Crys 
 tal Hill) cave near Stroudsburg, Monroe Co., Pa. For figure 
 see Appendix, — Quarternary ? 
 
 Catenipora agglomerata. Halysites agglomeratus. V b. 
 
 Catenipora escharoides. See Halysites escharoides. V 5. 
 
 Caulerpites marginatus. Taonurus marginatus. XIL 
 
 Caulopteris gigantea. Lesquereux, Geology of Pennsyl- 
 
 2 vania. Vol. 2, p. 869, 
 plate 13, fig. 2; differs 
 from C, punctata in 
 larger scars and an en- 
 tirely smooth surface, 
 and in the space be- 
 tween the scar horns. 
 Figure from a beautiful 
 specimen owned by Mr. 
 Clarkson at Carbondale, 
 Pa., in the northern 
 Anthracite, XIII, 
 
 Caulopteris lockwoodi. Dawson. Geological History of 
 
 plants, 1888 
 page 75, fig. 
 25, of a fine 
 sp e c i m e n 
 from Gil- 
 boa, N.Y. — 
 Devonian 
 VIII 
 
 Dauoson. Geol. 
 
 HishrUmtsJ^^S'. 
 
121 
 
 Oaul. 
 
 Caulopteris obtecta. Lesq. Illinois Geol. Vol. 4, pi. 28, 
 fig. i_4. Coal Flora Penna., 1880, p. 344, pi, 59, fig. 8.— In 
 Darlington Coal, Beaver Co., Pa., Q. 55. — XIIL 
 
 Caulopteris punctata. Lesquereux. Geol. Pa., Vol. 2, p. 
 
 K^^ » ''V-'" 'ir 
 * -■»*'i ■'■'.* ^ , 
 
 869, pi. 13, f. 1 ; scars two inches long; margin of scars curved 
 into horns upward ; space between scars thickly dotted with 
 round points, like glands, but probably the bases of rootlets 
 which have been broken off; a beautiful species; found in the 
 Gate Vein, Pottsville, Pa. — Anthracite, XIII, 
 
 Caulopteris, one of the characteristic fossil plants of the 
 first and second mountain sands of Venango Co., Pa. Carll in 
 I, p. 37, 38.— X 
 
 Cave fossils. See Arvicola, Bos, Castoroides, Dicotyles, 
 Erithizon, Equus, Felis, Hesperomys, Ja cuius, Masto- 
 don, Megalonyx, Mylodon, Platygonus, Scalops, Sciu- 
 rus, Tapirus, Ursus, Vespertilio. The exact age in which 
 the remains of these creatures were swept into the caves can- 
 not be fixed ; but the deposits were made slowly or rapidly in 
 
Cent. 
 
 122 
 
 the times jast preceding the appearance of man, or perhaps 
 in the early stages of the present human era. But no relics of 
 man have been found in the two or three caves in Pennsylvania 
 thus far explored. They were certainly not caves of habita- 
 tion ; but rather of the nature of sink holes. 
 
 Oentemodon sulcatus See Clepsisaurus]pennsylvanicus. 
 Trias, 
 Centronella crassicardinalis. (Whitfield. Bulletin Am. 
 
 ^t'-Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 3, Warsaw L.) 
 Collett's Indiana Rt. of 1882, plate 29, 
 figs. 50, 51, 52. Outside, inside and 
 profile of one valve. SubcarhonifeT- 
 ous ( Warsaw limestone) formation, at 
 
 Spergen hill, Alton, &c. This may be the centronella found 
 
 by I. C. White in the middle layers of the Trough creek lime- 
 stone, Huntingdon Co., Pa., at the bottom of the Mauch Chunk 
 red shale formation, T3, p. 77. — XL 
 
 Ceramopora ? 00, p. 231, Spec. 203-12, from Belle- 
 
 fonte, in Trenton limestone^ lie. 
 
 Ceratiocaridse. See Beecher's new species from the Che- 
 mung-Catskill beds at Warren, Pa. — Echinocaris socialis ; 
 Elymocaris siliqua ; Tropidocaris alternata, bicarinata, 
 and interrupta. — VIII-IX, 
 
 Ceratiocaris beecheri. Clarke, Bull. 16, U. S. G. S. 1885, 
 
 page 44, pi. 2, fig. 1, tail and 
 spines, natural size, of a 
 crustacean of the Naples 
 ( Upper Genesee) hlack 
 shales of Cashaqua creek, 
 Livingston Co., N. Y. 
 Unique specimen. — VIII 
 
 Clk. B.I6. 
 
 Ceratiocaris simplex. Clarke, Bull. 16, U. S. G. S. 1885, 
 
 vute'. 2 page 43, 44, pi. 2, fig. 2, shield (carapace) 
 
 natural size^ of a crustacean of the Naples 
 ( Upper Genesee) hlacJc shale^ immedi- 
 dk. B.is.^" — ' '' ™™ " "'^ 2.| ately under the concretionary limestone 
 of Parrish gully, Ontario Co., N. Y. VIII e'. 
 
123 
 
 Cera. 
 
 Ceraurus pleurexanthemus. ( Cheirurus pleurexanthe- 
 
 mus^ Green, Mon- 
 ograph of Trilo- 
 bites, 1832, Tren- 
 ton and Hudson 
 river formations.) 
 Zittel's Handbuch 
 der Palasontologie, 
 vol. 2, p. 615, fig. 
 817, from a speci- 
 men of the under 
 or inside of the tri- 
 lobite, found at 
 Trenton Falls, N. 
 Y. — Emmons, page 390, fig. 100, 6. Tren- 
 ton formation. (Green, 1832, Monog. 
 Trilobites, Trenton and Hudson River 
 formations.) — See Cat. 00, p. 232, spec, 
 c i/wv L ^ 210-148 ^, Bellefonte, Trenton^ II c, 
 
 Ceraurus vigilans. See Encrinurus vigilans. // g. 
 
 Ceraurus ? 00, p. 232, spec. 211-7 (26 specimens), 
 
 blufi" of L. Jun. river above Tyrone forge, in Trenton^ II c, 
 Cestracion philippi. Coy. Zittel's handbuch, vol. 3, pp. 
 
 Fis. G9 
 
 l'ii4-. 70. 
 Cestracion Philippi Guv. (Recent.) 
 
 jCc/teis hcLndtfuch. 
 
 IToLd, 
 
Ohae. 124 
 
 74, 75, figs. 69, 70, for comparison with American fossil fish 
 
 teeth, and to illustrate their crushing apparatus. — Now living. 
 
 Chaetetes (Monticulipora) abruptus. (Hall, 32d An. Et. 
 
 VL ..^^^ ■'^' ^- ^^®' ^^^* Hist., 
 
 ,^^W ^^^ ^^^' ^^' P^^^ •^^' plate 9, 
 
 '^^^^ #^^^^ ^S- ^? Lower Helderberg.) 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^a Claypole's list of fossils in 
 ^^^^^^ ^^^^ preface to report F2, p. 
 
 tPd{.N,.Y.yol.yj.-..^^ .PL.9.f.9,-^ xiii, on Perry Co., Penn. 
 
 Et. 000, 1888, Cat. Olaypole^s collections 6-14, 15, Clark's 
 Mill, near New Bloomfield, in upper shales of Lower JSelder- 
 hurg formation. (Spec. 210-43, in Fellows' Coll., 1876, at 
 Bellefonte, resembles (7. abruptus. G. B. S., 1888.) — YI. 
 
 Chaetetes arbusculus ? See Spec. 210-115 of Fellows' col- 
 lections at Bellefonte, 1876, in Trenton limestone. It very 
 much resembles it, but is a poor specimen. — II c, 
 
 Chcetetes hjcoperdon. See Monticulipora lycoperdon, 
 for fig. and specimens of it found in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Chaetetes ? Slender, branching, with frequent spots of 
 
 larger cells. Spec. 210-144 of Fellows' coll., 1876, at Belle- 
 fonte, from Trenton limestone.^ II c. 
 
 Chaetetes ? Specimens 211-1 (indistinct fragments) ; 
 
 7 (See Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1) ; 213-3, 4 (branching, slen- 
 der) ; are in Fellows' Collections of 1876, at Tyrone forges, 
 Huntingdon Co. from Trenton limestone., II c. 
 
 Chaetetes ? in Trenton L. Morrison's Cove, Bedford Co. 
 
 school house No. 7, Stevenson, T2, p. 172. The principal form 
 to be seen (with a Bhynchonella) in Marhoff's quarry above 
 Tyrone forge, Blair Co., T, 59. — // c, 
 
 Chaetetes ? in Clinton rocks, near Bloomsburg, Colum- 
 bia Co. Whitens Spec, in Claypole's Coll., 86-9.— F^. 
 
 Chaetetes especially numerous in Low. Held, cliffs at Mc- 
 Connellstown, Huntingdon Co, Pa. White, T3, p. 201; fill 
 the slaty limestone 320' under Oriskany in Weaver's run sect. 
 T3, 157; in Bastard Lime., No. 44 of Coffee run sect. T3, 172; 
 in Crinoid beds, 100' to 130' below Oriskany, Powell's quarry. 
 Cove Station, T3, 123. In Bedford Co. abundant in Martin's 
 ridge, near Md. State line. Stevenson, T2, p. 159.— VL See 
 Spec. 604-2 (too poor to identify) of Fellows' and Genth's col- 
 
125 Ohon. 
 
 lections, 1875, at Mansing's quarry, near Ilazardville, Carbon 
 Co., from Lower Held, VI. 
 
 Cheirotherium. See Otozoum parvum. — Trias. Chimx- 
 richnus ingens. E. H. Hitchcock, new species of reptilian 
 footprint found in New Red quarry at Milford, N. J. Boston 
 N. H. S. Dec. 19, 1888. See Appendix. 
 
 Chondrites colletti. See Taonurus coUetti. XV. 
 
 Chonetes acutiradiata. {Strophomena acutiradiata) . 
 Hall, Geology of Fourth District of N. Y., 1843, 
 page 171, fig. 67, 3 ; surface covered with sharp 
 striae, which fork approaching the margin. It 
 o7. 3 ig found in the very high beds of the Cor- 
 
 niferous limestone formation. VIII a. 
 
 Chonetes carinata. (Strophomena carinata.) See Ap- 
 pendix for -figure. — Conrad, Journal ot Academy of Nat. Sci. 
 Phil. 1842, Vol. 8; Hamilton formation. — In Pennsylvania it 
 has been collected by C. E. Hall at Marshall's Falls in Monroe 
 county. — Also abundant in the Hamilton middle sandstone at 
 the south end of Jack's mountain in Huntingdon Co. T, p. 32. 
 Also in Hamilton upper sandstone, T3, p. 111.— In Perry Co. it 
 occurs with Spirorlis, in Ham. Up. shales., at Barnetts mill, 
 spec. 5-137, 138; at Pisgah hill, spec. 59-17.— In Northumber- 
 land Co. at Selinsgrove, spec. 78-4.— Other places in Perry Co. 
 are Crawley hill, spec. 94-2,-7-25 (thirteen specimens ; Rambo's, 
 spec. 107-1 (three).— In Huntingdon Co. at Grafton, spec. 243- 
 5. All the above specimens were got from Hamilton strata. 
 But at Buck hills. Perry Co. spec. 62 is reported as found in 
 Clinton strata., which is probably a mistake. — VIII c. 
 
 Chonetes complanata. See Appendix. — Hall's 10th An. 
 Rt. also Pal. N. Y. Orishany. — In Pennsylvania it has been 
 collected by Dr. Barrett near Port Jervis on the Delaware 
 river from the upper beds of the Stormville shale sub-division 
 of the Lower Helderherg formation, I. C. White's Report on 
 Pike and Monroe counties. — VI. 
 
 Chonetes cornuta. ( Strophomena cormita.) Hall, Geology 
 M,-^^^ of Fourth District, N. Y., 1843, page 72, fig. 17, 3; 
 
 ^^^ Clinton formation ; finely and equally striated ; six 
 
 -^^ stiff diverging spines on the hinge line of each valve. 
 Closely resembles Leptcena lata., Von Buch, in Silurian 
 
Chon. 
 
 126 
 
 System, pi. 5, fi^. 13, but is much smaller and more finely 
 striated. L, lata is a Ludlow (= Hamilton) ,YiVi^\^\i fossil. 
 (Hall.) Ya, 
 
 Chonetes coronatus. Spec. 705-31, 802-2 in 0. E. Hall's 
 collections from Orbisonia, and 805-33 from Bell's mills, (both 
 identified by J. Hall, 1888,) from Hamilton^ VIII c, 
 
 Chonetes defleeta. See Appendix, 
 
 Chonetes granulifera. Owen, Geol. Rt. Wis., Iowa and 
 
 Minn., 1852, plate 5, fig. 12. — In Pennsylvania abundant in the 
 Green crinoidal limestone (black shale) at water level at 
 Pittsburgh. Stevenson Rt. K, p. 80. — Also profuse and well 
 preserved in the same Barren Measure rock, near Incline 
 Plane, Birmingham station, Lower St. Clair t., Washington 
 Co. K, p. 310. — In Fayette Co. replaces entirely the Chonetes 
 mesolola^ in Black Foss. L. 250' below Pittsburgh Coal, in 
 Williams ravine, 5 m. N. of Morgantown, Rt. L, p. 34, 36. See 
 Specimens Cl-2, C2-5, C2-9, all from near Harvey's Five 
 Points, Westmoreland Co. (Report GO, p. 239)— X/K 
 
 Chonetes illinoisensis. See Appendix. 
 
 Chonetes iowensis. Owen, Geol. Iowa, Wise, and Min- 
 nesota, 1852, plate 3 A, fig. 7, from the Devonian 
 limestone of Iowa city. — VIII c. 
 
 VUlc 
 
 Chonetes laticostata. Chonetes mucronata. VIII a, <?. 
 
 Chonetes lepidus. (Hall, 1857, 10th An. Rt. 1857; Pal. 
 
 N. Y., Vol. IV, page 132, 
 plate 21, fig. 5 <^, natural size, 
 5 J, 5 (?, enlarged. Marcellus 
 and Hamilton) Claypole's 
 ?K2Ulist of fossils in Perry Co. 
 
 .P.od.N.Y 
 
 VoLlV. 
 
 Penn, Preface to Report F2, p. xiii. Hamilton. Also at 
 
127 
 
 Chon. 
 
 H.70: 
 
 Chonetes logani. 
 
 '%\ -_.f^»i.«™_ V.lil.c,d. 
 
 Rupert, and Bloomsburg, Columbia Co., Pa. White found it 
 in bed 38, Sect. 13 (bed 4, Sec 79) Chemung.— See 000, 1888, 
 Cat. Collections. Claypole's specimens 2-7 (five) ; 2-20; 5-8, 
 22, 42, 47, 66, 58, 93 (thirty-five); 68-3, 4, 5, 6, 7; 75-2; 84-4; 
 97-8, 9 ; 99-28, 29, 30 (forty-six in all.)— VIII c, and g, 
 
 Chonetes lineatus.. {Strophomena lineata.) Hall, Geol- 
 Vj I , ^ , ogy of the Fourth District, N. Y., 1843, 
 
 paire 175, fig. 70, 3. Vanuxem, Geology 
 
 of the Third District, N. Y., 1842, page 
 
 139, fig. 33, 6. Figure magnified twice. 
 
 Vanux. (Also Conrad, 1839.) This 
 
 shell is abundant in Seneca county, N. 
 
 Y., but rare towards LakeErie. (Hall.) 
 
 — Corniferous limestone., VIII a. 
 
 (Norwood and Pratten, 1854, Jour. 
 
 Acad. N. S., Vol. 3, page 
 
 30, plate 2, fig. 12. Bur- 
 
 O^^^^Mi^^^^B lington group. Variety 
 ^^^^W aurora. Hall 1867, Pal. 
 R.PJM4..fl-i.^ H,.yo1.lV^.J^^^.22,]7^ N. Y. Vol. 4, page 137, 
 plate 22, fig. 17. Tully limestone and Hamilton group.) 
 Claypole's list in Perry Co., Pa. F, 2.— VIII, c, d. 
 Chonetes logani, Var. aurora. See Appendix. 
 Chonetes mesoloba. See Appendix. 
 Chonetes millepunetata. (Meek [and Worthen, Proc. 
 
 ..f%i^^.^^v^ Acad. N. S. Phila. 
 
 1870, p. 35 ; Geol. Sur. 
 111. Vol. 5, p. 566, pi. 
 25, fig. 3). Heilprin 
 in An. Rt. Geol. Sur. 
 Pa. 1885, page 452; 
 plate-page 440, fig. 3 ; 
 from one of several 
 impressions, which 
 must have been 4 
 3 CHONETES MiLLEPUNCTATA. iuchos wldo, tho frag- 
 
 ment being '1\ in.; t];ie pricks (punctae) very fine and exceed- 
 ingly numerous. Cabinet of Wyoming"" Hist. Soc. at Wilkes- 
 Barre. — Mill Creek limestone., in anthracite measures, 1,000' 
 above Conglomerate. XIV ov XV 
 
Chon. 128 
 
 'VlJksu.c...., 
 
 Chonetes mucronata. (Hall, 1843; Pal. N. Y. Vol. IV, 
 
 page 124, 
 
 plate 21, figs. 
 
 1<^,5,(?. Corni- 
 
 ferous and 
 
 :h. PaTw.Y. Vni. iv. " -"^oiu^^ 9XJl\r. Hamilton. — 
 
 Perry Co., Pa. Preface to report F:2, page xiii. 000, 1888, 
 Cat. Claypole's spec. 110-22, collected 1 m. S. W. of New 
 Bloomfield, Hamilton upper shale. — Columbia Co., Hemlock, 
 in Marcellus. — In Monroe Co., Marshall falls, C. E. Hall collec- 
 tions 1875. — In Huntingdon Co., end of Jacks mountain, Ham. 
 middle sandstone, T3, p. 111. — Specimens in Fellows' and 
 Genth's collections, 1875, at Marshall's creek, Monroe Co., 
 (00, p. 235), 804-20-26, 29 (two) ; 39; 40; 49; 51 (two) ; 54; 
 70 (two); 86; 807-5 (two); all Hamilton^ Vlllisnidc. 
 
 Chonetes productus. Quoted by I. C. White from Bush 
 creek limestone, L. Economy t., Beaver Co. (Q, p. 179). 
 
 Chonetes scitula. Hali, 1857, 10th An. Rt. N. York. 
 Specimens in Chance's collection from Marshall's creek, Mon- 
 roe Co. (See 00, p. 235)— 801-7. From Saddleback gap, 
 Aughwick creek, Huntingdon Co., 802-2, 3. From Saddleback 
 ridge, 893-9 (many specimens) ; 803-10; 803-11 (doubtful spe- 
 cies) ; 803-12 (several on slabs) ; 803-15 (very doubtful spe- 
 cies, and very poor specimens); 803-16, 803-19, 803-25; all 
 from Hamilton shale. — 881-1, in Hick's coll. from street cut- 
 ting at foot of hill in Bradford, McKean Co., Ohemu7ig{1) — 
 883-91, Howell's coll. in Tioga Co., N.Y.— VIIIc, g. 
 
 Chonetes setigera. {StropJiomena setigera). Hall, page 
 
 MVi U viireg/ ^^^' % '^^ '^^^ VIII b. Marcellus formation; 
 ''^'^ also Hall, page 222, 94, 3 VIII c. Genesee for 
 
 mation. — In Pennsylvania, Perry Co., Claypole's 
 Y ^"^^ specs. 5-156; 54-7,8; 58B-8 233-10; 243-7 
 (seven in all). Hamilton, Ylllc. — In Columbia Co. Little 
 Fishing cr. Tully limestone, Yllld. (G7,75)— Catawissa (G7, 
 289.)— Stony Brook, in Chemung, VIII ^ (G7, 69, 72, 287)— 
 Fiddler's creek, in Upper Chemung, bed 21 of sect 96 (G7, 
 367 j. — In Huntingdon Co. at Huntingdon, in Ham. upper shales 
 (T3,109); near Grafton, 50' beneath Tally L. (T3,109); Hunt. 
 Car Wks. in Marcellus (cornif ?) limestone (T3, 115) ; 203d RR. 
 post, top of Marcellus (T3,113); Olive shales (T3,264).— In 
 Oil region. Upper Chemung ? VIII g — X ? 
 
129 Chon. 
 
 Chonetes smithii. See Appendix, 
 
 Chonetes syrtalis (Chonetes carinata, Conrad, which 
 see) identified by Jas. Hall, 1888, in specimen 803-11, 803-25 
 (00, p. 235) Saddleback, Orbisonia, Hamilton shale,, VIII c, 
 Chonetes verneuiliana. (Norwood & Pratton, Jour. Acad. 
 Nat.Sci., Phil., 1854, Vol. 3, plate 2, fig. 6). 
 Collett's Indiana Kt. of 1883, page 128, plate 25, 
 X^p^^i^smf- fig- '^j central view of common specimen; fig. 8 
 of another with mucronate sides. — Coal meas- 
 ures. Every county in Indiana with coal has 
 '''^^^ furnished specimens of this species, which can 
 be distinguished from other Chonetes by its middle groove, and 
 the bilobed appearance of its ventral valve. (Collett). — XIIL 
 Chonetes ? Very small; found by I. 0. White in Mon- 
 roe Co., Pa., in abundance in Lower Held, Decker's Ferry 
 sandstone, G6, p. 140, 222, 246.— VL 
 
 Chonetes ? Centre Co. Marcellus^ T4, 434. — YIIIl, 
 
 Chonetes ? large species in Bedford Co. Middle Ham- 
 ilton shales, bed 48 of Saxton section, T2, 231.— F/7/^. 
 
 Chonetes ? more transverse in form than usual ; speci- 
 men 881-1, (00, p. 339) in Hicks' collections at Bradford, 
 McKean Co., from Chemung,, VIII g, 
 
 Chonetes ? In Huntingdon Co., Juniata south shore 
 
 section, bed 6, 50' below Chemung upper (Lackawaxen) con- 
 glomerate, T3, 193. In Bedford Co., Yellow Cr. section, sand 
 bed 30, 2957' below CatskiU. T2, 226.— F///^. 
 
 Chonetes ? Bedford Co., Ickes' gun shop, St. Clair t. 
 
 Chemung clay beds, T2, 127 ; W. Providence T2, 216.— VIII g, 
 
 Chonetes ? Centre Co. Chemung, T4, \ZZ,— VIIIg, 
 
 Chonetes ? Warren Co., numerous in Randall sect. F. 
 
 G, H. Carll's IIII, p. 305. See Rt. I, p. 53.— VIII-IX, 
 
 Chonetes and Streptorhynchus in Warren Co. i m. N. W. 
 Sugar Grove, Oil group. Rt. O, 3366.— VIII-IX, 
 
 Chonetes and fucoids in Venango Co. on flags, Millers' 
 farm, Oil creek, in Bedford shale, Rt. O, 3307.— IX ? Also in 
 brown SS. in Drift, Pine creek, near Oil creek. O 3061. 
 
 Chonetes, Palaeoneilo, Sphenotus, and others, in Sp. 1000-18, 
 White's coll. at Brookfield tunnel, S. W., of Sharon, Pa.— X.^ 
 9 
 
Chon. 
 
 130 
 
 Chonetes punctatus, neic species^ Simpson and J. Hall. 
 See Proc. A. P. S. Phila., Dec. 1888, founded on Specimen 604- 
 4,-5. For figure and descriplion see Appendix. 
 Chonophyllum vadum. (Hall, Foss. Corals, Niagara and 
 
 Upper Helderberg; 
 35th An. Rt. 1882.) 
 Collett's Indiana 
 Rt. of 1882, page 
 272, plate 15, figs. 
 2, 3, side views of 
 two common speci- 
 mens; fig. 3 the 
 cup of fig. 2; fig. 
 4, an individual showing proliferous growth. — Niagara forma- 
 tion at Louisville, Ky. — Vh. 
 
 Chonophyllum ? Montour Co., Pa., Appleman section, 
 
 bed 4, the lower Stromatopora led above Bastard limestone 
 (Lower Helderberg), G7, 300. In Huntingdon Co. abundant 
 and characteristic of lower 50' of Lewistown limestone^ over 
 Waterlime beds ; T, 41 ; T3, 126 ; C. E. HalPs collections, 
 1875.— VL 
 
 Scudder. A neuropterid insect, 
 found in a Mazon creek nodule 
 of the Illinois coal measures. 
 ZittePs Handbuch of Palaeon- 
 tologie, Vol. 2, p. 762, fig. 952, 
 natural size; to show what may 
 be found by cracking open the 
 ironstone balls in our coal meas- 
 ure shales and clays — XIII. 
 
 The description of this insect 
 may be found in Vol. 3 of the 
 Reports on the Geological Sur- 
 vey of Illinois, published in 
 1868, from which the figure in 
 . zUtlh Yig 952 Zittel has been copied. 
 
 Cimitaria recurva. ( Cypricardites recurva^ Conrad, 1842, 
 Jour. Acad. N. S. Phil., Vol. 8, Hamilton.) Specimen in 
 Chance's collections from 1| m. N. of Craig's meadow, Mar- 
 shall creek, Monroe Co., 801-21 . (See 00, p. 235.)— VIII g. 
 
 Chrestotes lapidea. 
 Xlll. 
 
131 
 
 Olad. 
 
 Cladodiis a genus of fish of Carboniferous times of which 
 S. A. Miller catalogues the following species as described up 
 to 1884: Acuminatits^ alternatus^ angulatus^ hellifer^ carina- 
 tus^ Goncinmis^ costatus^ deflexus^ eecentrieus^ elegans, eugly- 
 pheus^ exiguus^ exilis^ Jerox^ fulleri^ gomphoides^ gracilis^ 
 grandis^ hertzerU inter go status^ ischypus^ lamnoides^ magiA- 
 Gus^ miGropics^ mortifer^ newmani^ OGGidentalis^ pandatus^ par- 
 vulus^ pattersoni^ politus^ proeyiuntius^ rariGOstatus^ rohustusy 
 romingeri^ spinosus^ sprmgerL steiioptis^ suhulatus^ suGGinGtuSj 
 turrittis^ vanhoriiei^ loaGhsmMthi^ and zygopits ; most of them 
 by Newberry in the Ohio Palaeontology ; many by St. John & 
 Worthen in that of Illinois; some by Tuomy, Alabama survey; 
 one by Leidy ; and most of them in the Lower Carboniferous 
 Strata. — In Pennsylvania, spines referable to this genus of fish 
 are frequently found in the Meadville upper limestone at Glen- 
 dale and elsewhere in Crawford Co. I. C. White's Rt. Q4, p. 
 83, 140. — Waverly or Pocono formation, X. — See also C aril's 
 Rt. I, p. 70. — And for such in the SubGonglomerate strata, see 
 I, p. 67. — XI? X? — For figure see Appendix. 
 
 Cladopora caespitosa ? A Niagara polypoid coral (Hall, 
 1852, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2), which seems to be represented by 
 specimen 610-8, in Billin's collections, 1876, from Warrior's 
 ridge, Barree township. Hunt. Co., in Lower Helderherg lime- 
 stone^ VL — For figure see Appendix, 
 
 Cladopora laqueata. (Rominger, 1876, Foss. Corals, Ni- 
 agara formation). A. Winchell's GeoL 
 studies, 1886, page 224, fig. Ihl.— Ni- 
 agara formation. V a. — The figure 
 is a small part of the beautiful fig. 
 on plate 18, of Vol. 3, of the superb 
 work of the late State Geologist of 
 Michigan. 
 
 Cladopora multipora? Hall. Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, 1852, 
 Niagara limestone, VI). Doubtfully identified in Pennsyl- 
 vania by I. G. White, at Maurer's, Eck's, Limeridge and Apple- 
 ton's quarries in the Montour district, in Lower Helderberg 
 limestone, over the Bastard leds. Rt. G7, p. 89, 244, 247, 261, 
 300. — In Huntingdon Co., Coffl'ee run section, in Bastard led 
 44 T3, p. 172. Especially numerous in the McConnellsville 
 
Clad. 
 
 132 
 
 cliffs. T3, 201. — G. B. Simpson, 1888, found a Cladopora^ re- 
 sembling C. muUipora^ as specimen 601-1, of Hale & Hall's, 
 1876, collections near Orbisonia, Huntingdon Co. (See 00 p. 
 234), in Low, Held, Z. VI. — For fig. see Appendix. 
 
 Cladopora rectilineata, new species,) G. B. Simpson and 
 J. Hall, Proc. A. P. S. PhiPa, Dec. 1888, based on 00, p. 234. 
 Specimen 607-5, in Fellows collections near Bushkill, Pike Co., 
 Pa., from river slope of Hogback, near road to Shawnee, Wal- 
 pack bend, Lower Helderherg,, VI, For description and figure 
 see Appendix. 
 
 Cladopora, probably the same species. Spec. 607-5, from 
 Tyrone city, Blair Co. (G. B. S.).— FZ 
 
 Cladopora, probably the same species. Spec. 607-9, from 
 Tyrone city, Blair Co.^(G. B. S.).— VL 
 
 Cladopora, probably the same species. Specimen 601-1, 
 (See 00, p. 234), from Hale & Hall's coll. at Orbisonia. (G. 
 B. S., 1888.)— FZ 
 
 Cladopora reticulata. (Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, page 141, 
 
 plate 39, fig. 3 a-c.) 
 CoUett's Indiana re- 
 port of 1881, page 384, 
 plate 47, fig. 6 (Van 
 Cleve) ; a portion of 
 corollum imbedded on 
 limestone. Has gen- 
 eral aspect of a Eete- 
 ' pora ; but on examina- 
 tion it will be seen to 
 have pores on all sides, 
 with round tubular 
 cells, with circular 
 mouths and a project- 
 ing lip on the lower 
 side. Worn specimens show only the circular openings. Crys- 
 tallized specimens only show a fibrous structure. Louisville, 
 Ky., Niagara ^formation., Vh. 
 
 Cladopora ? branching, with cells ranged in regular 
 
 order, eight rows on a branch. Spec. 601-31 a. (G. B. S.) — VI 
 Cladopora, or Trematospira, in Perry Co., Olarks mill beds. 
 Upper shaly beds of Lower Helderberg. 000, Cat. spec. 6, 
 X-6.— VI 
 
133 
 
 Clat. 
 
 Clathropora frondosa. Hall. Pal. N. Y., 1852, Vol. % 
 
 plate 40, B fig. 5 «, e. Collett's Indiana report of 1881 (Van 
 Cleve), page 385, plate 55, fig. 3, part of a large frond (poly- 
 pidom) embedded in limestone. Niagara formation. F5. 
 Cleidophorus oblongus. {Nucula ohlonga.) Hall, page 
 
 Vur. 196, fig. 78, 4. Hamilton formation. — In Penna. 
 
 ^'^C^^Bil Montour region, it is doubtfully identified by 
 Tg^^^^^^P White in the Chemung, 50' to 100' above the 
 
 Stony Brook beds ; abundant ; G7, p. 72, 73. — 
 In Huntingdon there is a Cleidophorus in fragments of bed 6 
 of the Juniata river section, 50' below the Chemung upper 
 (Lax.) conglomerate. T3, 193.— VIII e, g. 
 
 Cleidophorus planulatus. {Nuculites scitula.) {Nugu- 
 jjj ^^"'^s^^^ lites planulatus. ) Emmons, page 399, fig. 110, 
 ^^^^^^ ^' (Conrad, 1841, Ann. Keport N. Y.) Utica 
 £-''® ^ formation. III a. 
 
 Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus. (Or, perhaps, Centem.odon 
 sulcatus.) A tooth conjectured by Mr. I. Lea to be- 
 long to one or other of these large reptiles. Rogers, 
 G. Pa., Vol. II, page 693, fig. 570. Found by Lea in 
 the upper beds of Trias, near Milford, south border of 
 Lehigh Co. Cope, in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Philada., 
 1877.— At Phoenixville ; Trias. 
 
Olep. 
 
 134 
 
 Clepsysaurus wheatleyanus. Cope. Proc. A. P. S. Phil., 
 1877. Fragments of bones of this reptile found in York Co.— 
 Trias. 
 
 Climacograptus emmonsi. A solitary specimen of this 
 
 M.C. 
 
 PI.XJ. 
 
 graptolite, owned by E. Hurlbut, and 
 figured by Walcott,in Bulletin U. S. G. S. 
 No. 30, page 93, plate XI, fig. 5. Perhaps 
 the same species figured by Emmons, in 
 American Geology, Vol. 1, plate 1, fig. 2 
 (which I have superposed on Walcott's 
 figure for comparison.) — Lower Cam- 
 brian {Oeorgian) formation, Parker's 
 quarry, Vt.,in shale holding Biplograptus 
 ? simplex.) Mesonacis vermontana., Olenel- 
 Ins thompsoni., and Protocaris marshi. — 
 IL C. (nowZ. C.)* 
 Clinopistha radiata. (Meek and Worthen, Illinois Geol. 
 
 XiH..-^ ^,7,.^^W -^^* ^' P- ^^^' P^^^^ ^'^^ ^S- 7- Mmondia 
 
 radiata^ Hall, Geol. Iowa, part 2, p. 716, 
 plate 29, fig. 3.) Collett's Indiana Et. of 
 1883, page 147, plate 31, fig. 6 and 7, right 
 side and back views, natural size, — Upper 
 I Coal Measures of Indiana. X V, 
 
 Clisiophyllnin conig^erum. ( Zaphrentis conigera. Kom- 
 
 fnd 
 
 inger, Foss. Corals, 1876, p. 149, plate 40.) Collett's Indiana 
 Rt. 1882, page 299, plate 22, fig. 3, side view of a fine specimen 
 six inches long {omitted here) : fig. 4, back view of a smaller, 
 showing the cup (calyx) with its central cone. — At the falls 
 of the Ohio and elsewhere. Corniferous lim.estone.^ Villa. 
 
 * Since the discovery of Olenellus beds under the Par oxides zone in New- 
 foundland, by Walcott, in 1888. 
 
135 
 
 Clis. 
 
 Clisiophyllum oneidense. (Billings Canad. Jour, 1859. 
 
 See Ac- 
 rophyl- 
 lum on- 
 eidense , 
 Th o m p - 
 son and 
 Nichol- 
 son.) A. 
 Winch- 
 ell'sGeol. 
 studies, 
 
 1886, page 204, fig. 115, showing its internal structure. Cor- 
 niferous limestone (Upper Helderberg) formation. VIII a. 
 Clymenia complanata. See Goniatites complanatus. 
 
 VIII f. 
 
 Coecosteus, a genus of Devonian fish of Europe, Agassiz, 
 represented in America by only one species : C occidentalism 
 Newberry, Ohio Pal. II, 1874, from the Corniferous limestone 
 VIII a. — For figure see Appendix, 
 
 Coecosteus ? and Holoptychius^^ occur at Warren in 
 
 Pa. in the lowest 500 feet of the section ; whereas the fish 
 spines are always found in loose pieces of rock, 4 or 5 inches 
 thick, in or at the top of the First Mtn. Sand,, or Sub-Olean 
 conglomerate, in the highest 200 leet of the Warren section. 
 I, p. 54. White thinks that the Coecosteus bed at Warren is 
 the First Vena^igo Oil Sand, Q, note to p. 102. — X. 
 
 Cockroach in coal bed. See Gereblattina. G7, 41. — XIII, 
 
 Cochliodus contortus. (Agas.) Zittel's handbuch. Vol. 3, 
 
 —-.-«__ page 71, fig. 65. (Gompare 
 
 XML 
 
 Irelancl^, 
 
 Cochliodus V a n h or nii^ 
 Cochliodus leidyi^ and 
 Cochliodus ohliguus,, in 
 Illinois Geological Re- 
 port, Vol. 7.) The Euro- 
 pean species of this genus 
 of fish occurs in the sub- 
 carboniferous of Ireland. 
 The species costatus,, cras- 
 
 sus, and nohilis are found in the Burlington and Keokuk sub 
 
 carboniferous limestones of Illinois. XI 
 
 kcLndi6,Vol.3, 
 
OODE. 
 
 136 
 
 Codenites stelliformis. See figure under Pentremites 
 stelliformis. D. D. Owen. 
 
 Coelacanthus 
 
 ? A fish spine in C aril's collections^ 
 
 Warren, Pa., Lpper Chemung. 0. E. Hall's Ms. Rt., Dec. 30, 
 1876. — VIII-IX. — For figure, see Appendix. 
 
 Coelospira concava {Leptocmlia concava^ Hall Pal. N. Y., 
 Vol. 3, page 245, plate 38, figs. 1 to 7 ; may be considered a 
 representative of the Russian brachiopod shell Terebratula 
 duhoisii^ De Verneuil (Geol. Russ. pi. 10,) f. 16, but is rounder 
 and more concave in the dorsal valve ; surface wdth 14 to IT 
 striae; concavity, produced by the middle groove widening 
 rapidly from beak to margin, being deep midway. — Specimen 
 876-3a (00, page 237) in Hicks' collections near Big Shanty, 
 McKean county. Pa., was found not in Lower Helderherg^ but 
 in Chemung strata. Hall recognizes a diff*erence between the 
 similar shells in the Lower Helderherg c& Oriskany (see Vol. 3, 
 page tt52) and calls the latter Coelospira {Leptocmlia) dicho- 
 toma ; the Chemung species should perhaps have a difi'erent 
 name. — VI ; VIII g. — See Appendix. 
 
 Coelospira dichotoma. See under old name Leptocoelia 
 dichotoma. YII — See also what is said under C. concava. 
 
 Coenostroma monticuliferum. A. WinchelPs Geological 
 
 Studies, New York, 1886, 
 
 page 322, fig. 227, drawn from 
 nature. The figure is given 
 here on account of its curious 
 beauty, and to excite the 
 curiosity of our collectors; 
 as w^ell as to invite attention 
 to Prof. WinchelPs excellent 
 text books. 
 
 ( Orthoceras aciculum.^ Hall, Pal. N. Y. 
 
 Vol. V, part 
 
 Coleolus aciculus. 
 
 Vllle.f. 
 
 N.Y. Vo 
 
 2, p. 187, plate 
 P!.8eA...f.lL- 82 A, fig. 11, 
 Genesee & Portage.) Claypole's list of fossils in Perry Co., 
 Pa. Preface to Report F2,p. xiv.— 000, Cat. spec. 5-49,163, 
 from Barnett's mill, Perry [Co., Pa. Hamilton upper shale; 
 also spec. 97-8, 9, from Stony Brook, near Bloomsburg, Colum- 
 
137 
 
 Cole. 
 
 bia Co., ^2^.— Chemung, VIIIg,—A\m 00, p. 235, spec. 804- 
 33 from Marshall creek, Monroe Co. (G. B. S., 1888). From 
 Hamilton rocks, VIII c, /*, g. 
 Coleolus tenuicinctus ( Coleoprion tenuicinctunrt,) 
 
 f:io.:,Hall, 1876, 
 lllust. Devon. 
 
 K.Pail.NV v..].L Pi 32 A, Foss.;Pal. N. 
 Y. Vol. V, pt. 2, p. 185, plate 32 A, fig. 10. Cornif. & Hamil- 
 ton). Olaypole's list of fosssils in Perry Co., Pa. Preface to 
 Report F2, p. xiii, xiv. MarceMus <& Hamilton, — 000, Cat., 
 1888. Spec. 5-94, from Barnett's mill. Perry Co. Upper shale, 
 Hamilton. Spec. 19-25, from Clark's mill. Perry Co., upper 
 shaly beds of Loioer Helderherg.—^^QQ. 92-4, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 25, 
 from Yanderslice's quarry near Bloomsburg, Columbia Co., Pa., 
 Hamilton. — See G7, 229. — In lower part of Selinsgrove upper 
 limestone, G7, 79, 362.— Till a, 5, c. 
 
 Coleophyllum romingeri. (Hall, 35th An. Rt. State Mu- 
 
 s e u m . ) 
 
 Collett's 
 Indi ana 
 Rt., 1872, 
 page 317, 
 plate 24, 
 fig. 4,back 
 side show- 
 ing calyx ; 
 fig. 5, side 
 ^^__ view .- — 
 
 VIZ4- Falls of 
 the Ohio ; Corniferous ( U. Held.) limestone, Villa. 
 
 Coleophyllum pyriforme. (Hall, 35th Report of State 
 
 i/,y, ,,i Museum, N. Y.) Collett's 
 
 m^' ..^^^S;^'^^ Indiana Rt. for 1872, page 
 
 318, plate 24, fig. 10, view of 
 back side looking into the 
 cup ; compare some forms of 
 Cystiphyllum sulcatum . 
 Falls of Ohio. Corniferous 
 limestone. Villa. 
 
Cdlu. 
 
 138 
 
 Columnaria 
 
 Emmons' Geology of the Second Dis- 
 
 ^/t^^ilSr^^^^^ 6%^^?/ formation. (See Columnar^a 
 iml^^^^^i^^ incerta from Chazy ; Billings, Canad. 
 
 .. ;^*,, ^x... . ^r-i , "- J II jsq-^i-^ y^-^^ jy 3_g59^ — ggg Columnaria 
 
 y parva from Cliazy ; Billings, Oanad. 
 Nat. Vol. IV, lSb9.)—IIh, 
 
 tr 7^ -^ipu.jmu^fe_mli/l^ Columnaria alveolata. See Ap- 
 ^-'•5» ^# pe7idix. 
 
 Conchodus plicatus, Dawson, Acadian Geol. 1868, page 
 
 209, f. 53, a fine fish tooth (which 
 could easily be mistaken for a shell) 
 from the Nova Scotia coal measures, 
 at the Joggins. Apparently referable 
 to McCoy's British genus Conchodus. — 
 ^7 XIII. 
 
 Cone-in-cone, or Tutenmergel. A curious arrangement 
 ^ . ^ of the material of a bed of 
 
 Y J I , Cone-in- one. 
 
 aW^- clay, and of clay strata of va- 
 
 rious agos, often mistaken 
 for some sort of fossil organ- 
 ism. Contradictory explana- 
 tions are given of its origin. 
 It has been often figured; 
 the figure here given is one 
 copied from Dawson's Aca 
 dian Geology. — A similar 
 structure on a grand scale is 
 sometimes seen in coal. Les- 
 ley's Manual of Coal, etc, 1856, page 164, fig. 59, the then ex- 
 posed face of a mine 10 m. N. of the summit of the Nashville 
 
 and 
 Chat- 
 anoo- 
 ga RR. 
 in Ten- 
 nessee. 
 —See 
 
 also 
 Owens 
 
 GeoL, 
 
139 
 
 CONO. 
 
 Wisconsin, &c., 1852, pp. 123, 127, etc. — See Appendix for a re- 
 markable structure in anthracite, excessively rare, which must 
 be referred to the same cause, but cannot be explained by ref- 
 erence to any known form, organic or inorganic. — See also an 
 excellent figure of Oone-in-cone^ in Hall, Geol. Fourth Dist. 
 N. Y., 1843, page 232. — Also good figures in WinchelPs Geol. 
 Studies, 1886, page 257. — See Appendix. 
 
 Conocardium acadianum, Hartt, Dawson, Acadian Geol- 
 X!. c-i^ .mn^ "°- ogy, 1S68, page 305, fig. 110, a 
 
 curious minute shell of the sub' 
 carhoniferous limestone of Nova 
 Scotia, with a long wing-like 
 siphonal tube ; figure enlarged 
 !x)aw.Aca_d-Gepl.i868. W- .P-Sos 10 times.—XL 
 
 Conocardium'carinatum. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 4, 
 y^ 18 19 1856, from Warsaw group. Whitfield, 
 
 Iri ^^ Bull. 3. Am. Mus. N. H. 1882, plate 7, figs. 
 
 W 18, 19). Collett's Indiana Kt. 1882, page 
 lUi^W ^^}L30: 345, plate 30, fig. 18, 19, back and side 
 views of an imperfect specimen, enlarged twice. — Sub-carhoni- 
 ferous beds at Spergen hill, Ind. XI. 
 
 Conocardium catastomum. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. 1858, 
 
 Vol. 4, from Warsaw group. Whit- 
 field Bull. 3, A. Mus. 1882, plate 7? 
 figs. 15, 16, 17). Collett's Indiana 
 Et. 1882, page 344, plate 30, figs. 15, 
 17, side views of two specimens, mag- 
 ^^r30 nified three times ; fig. 16, bottom 
 view of 15. — Sub-carboniferous.^ Spergen hill. XI. 
 
 Conocardium cuneatum. (Hall, Trans. Alb. In. 4, 1856. 
 
 Whitfield Bull. 3. Am. 
 Mus. 1882, plate 7). Col- 
 lett's Indiana Et. 1882, 
 page 345, plate 30, figs. 
 
 ___ „, _^ ™„«»^ 24, 25, side and back of 
 
 ^^ Bloommgton specimen; 
 fig. 26 bottom of Spergen hill specimen ; all magniiied twice. 
 Sub-carboniferous strata at various places. XI 
 
 Conocardium cuneus. {Pleurorhynchus cuneus^ Conrad, 
 1840, An. Et. N. Y., Up. Held.) —Specimen 804-96, from Fel- 
 
CONO. 
 
 140 
 
 lows & Genth's coll. on Marshall creek, Monroe Co., 1875, in 
 Hamilton shale, (G. B. S. 1888).— F///^, YIII c. 
 
 Conocardium meekanum. 
 
 IXl. 
 
 hf?W'IZZX.30 
 Conocardium 
 
 (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 
 4, 18f)6. Whitfield, Bull. 
 3, Am. Mus. 1882, plate 
 7). Collett's Indiana Rt. 
 1882, page 347, plate 30, 
 IndJSi^r'^ PL 30, ^*^ ficrg. 21, 22, 23, of a speci- 
 men from Alton, 111. — Sub-Garhoniferous ( Warsaw), XL 
 
 Conocardium prattenanum. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 
 4,1858. Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. 1882). 
 Collett's Indiana Rt. 1882, page 347, plate 30, 
 figs. 21, enlarged i times, umqnQ specimen from 
 Alton, 111. — S^ih-carhoniferous ( Warsaw) form- 
 ation. XI. 
 
 trigonale. {Pleurorhynchus trigonalis. 
 
 Hall, page 171, fig. 67, 6, 
 6a. Corni/ferous of Up- 
 per Helderberg forma- 
 tion. In Pennsylvania, 
 in Monroe Co., near 
 Stroudsburg, south of 
 McMichaePs creek on 
 the Gap road, and else- 
 where, in the Corniferous lime- 
 stone. White, F6, p. 120.— F/// 
 a. — Hall remarks that this shell is 
 certainly unlike the Pleurorhyn- 
 chits cuneus of the Scoharie grit. 
 (Geology of the Fourth District, 
 H LSS] ^ N. Y., p. 172.) 
 
 Conocardium ? Specimen 804-96, Marshall's cr., Monroe 
 
 Co. Hamilton, VIII g, 
 
 Conocephalites adamsi. See Ptychoparia adamsi. L. C> 
 
 Conocephalites arenosus. See Ptychoparia adamsi. Z. C. 
 
 Conocephalites aurora. See Ptychoparia ouangondiana, 
 var. aurora. M, O. See foot note to page ISJf, alove. 
 
 Conocephalites hayleyi. See Conocoryphe bayleyi. M. C 
 
141 
 
 CONO. 
 
 Conocephalites chippewaensis. Owen. See Lonchoceph- 
 alus chippeivaensis. Potsdam form. L 
 
 Conecophalites elegans. See Conocoryphe elegans. M. G, 
 
 Conocephalites formosus. See Ptychoparia robbi. M. G. 
 
 Gonocephalites gemini-spinosus. See Conocoryphe mat- 
 thewi. M. G See foot note to page 1S4^ ahove. 
 
 Gonocephalites hamulus. See Lonchocephalus hamulus. 
 Potsdam formation. I, 
 
 Gonocephalites halli. See Ptychoparia orestes. L. G. 
 
 Gonocephalites matthewi. See Conocoryphe matthewi. 
 M. G. 
 
 Gonocephalites miser. See Ptychoparia miser. L. G, 
 
 Gonocephalites neglectus. See Ptychoparia tener. M. G. 
 
 Gonocephalites teucer. See Ptychoparia teucer. Z. G. 
 
 Gonocephalites thersites. See Ptychoparia orestes, var. 
 thersites. M. G. See page 134. 
 
 Gonocephalites vulcanus. See Ptychoparia vulcanus. 
 Z. G. See foot note to page 134. 
 
 Gonocephalites (Atops) trilineatus. See Ptychoparia 
 trilineata. Z. G. See page 134. 
 
 Gonocoryphe . . Ford, 1880. See Ptychoparia trilineata. 
 Z. G. See foot note to page 134. 
 
 Conocoryphe {Salteria) baileyi {Gonocephalites laileyi). 
 
 L.C, 
 
 Pl4 
 
 Walcott. Bui 
 
 letin U. S. G. S. 
 
 No. 10, page 32, 
 
 f plate 4, fig. 3, 
 (a large head, 
 drawn twice its 
 natural size) ; 
 fig. 3 ^, (side 
 of head and 
 cheek spine, 
 natural size). 
 Plate 5, fig. 7, 
 ( a tail-piece, 
 pygidium); fig. 
 7 a (portion of 
 
CONO. 
 
 142 
 
 thorax, enlarged twice.) — Middle Cambrian {Saint John) form- 
 ation. New Brunswick. (See Hartt, 1868, in Dawson's 
 Acadian Geology, 2d Ed., p. 645.)— if. C\ (Walcott, 1888.) 
 
 Conocoryphe elegans. {Conocephalites elegans.) Wal- 
 
 .cott, Bulletin U. S. G. 
 S. No. 10, page 33, plate 
 4, fig. 2, 2 5, heads, both 
 of natural size ; fig. 2 a^ 
 side of head, with 
 cheek spine, tioice the 
 natural size. (Fig. 2 a^ 
 may however belong 
 to Conocoryphe 
 matthewi, next be- 
 low. ) — Middle Ca m - 
 hrian (Saint John) formation. New Brunswick. (See Hartt, 
 1868, in Dawson's Acad. GeoL, 2d Ed., page 650.)— if. (7. 
 
 Conocoryphe matthewi. 
 
 LC. 1 ?)A 
 
 ( Conocephalites matthewi^ and 
 also gemini-spinosus. Hartt, 
 1868, in Dawson's Acad. 
 Geology, 2d Ed., pp. 646, 653. ) 
 Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. S. 
 No. 10, page 28, plate 4, fig. 
 1, a head of this trilobite 
 compressed lengthwise ; fig. 
 1 <x, a head compressed a little 
 sidewise, but nearly in its 
 normal form; fig. 1 5, en- 
 larged twice, to show the fine grains which roughen its surface. 
 Upper Camhrian {Saint John) formation. New Brunswick. 
 TJ. C See foot note to page 134, alove. 
 
 Conocoryphe walcotti, Matthew. R. Soc. Canada, May,1884. 
 Noticed in Walcott, Bull. 10, p. 30.— Upper Camhrian. U. C 
 
 Conodonts, once thought to be the shagreen points of 
 sturgeon skins ; now the teeth of leeches, abundantly cover the 
 surfaces of Cleveland shale at Bedford, Ohio. Upper Chemung. 
 l^ 75._ rill-IX.—See Worm-Teeth. 
 
 Conophyllum. See Chonophyllum. Compare Cystiphyl- 
 lum latiradium. VIII a. 
 
143 
 
 GOTHO. 
 
 Conostychus ornatus. (Lesquereux, Coal Flora of Penn., 
 
 ^//?..«Bsi^^i^^ss»w '^^^0^ page 17, plate B, fig. 4, quoting 
 
 Geol. Et. of Indiana, 1875, plate 1, 
 fig. 6 ; and referring for comparison 
 to Hall's Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, plate 10, 
 fig. 9 «, 5, 10, as roots of Buthotrephis.) 
 Collett's Indiana Et. of 1883, page 
 35, plate 2, fig. 5. Coal Measure 
 sandstone above conglomerate, i. e., 
 Clarion group of Allegheny series 
 in Pennsylvania. XIII, 
 Constellaria (Stellipora) antheloidea. (Hall, Pal. N. Y., 
 
 Vol. I, 1847, page 
 79, pi. 26, fig. 10. 
 Trenton and Hud- 
 son river forma- 
 tions.) Collett's 
 Indiana Report of 
 18 81, page 379, 
 plate 46, fig. 1, 
 fragment of a coralline, natural size ; fig. 2, another ; fig. 3, a 
 part enlarged, Trenton and Cincinnati {Hudson River) form- 
 ations. // (?, /// 1. Note. Hall's figures are of a unique speci- 
 men in Mr. Luke Wilder's collections at Lowville, Lewis county, 
 N. Y., from Trenton limestone. 
 Conularia continens. (Hall, 1876, lUust. Devon. Foss.; 
 
 Pal. N. Y., Vol. 5, part 
 
 ^=Si^ 
 
 Ind/lSS/ 
 
 fi5 4. 
 
 ^'%|^ 
 
 "^T-^:^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 S»^ 
 
 'H^Pai.N.V. .Y.ii,_PI.34I 
 
 2, p. 212, plate 34, fig. 
 4. Marcellus shale.) 
 Claypole's list of fossils 
 in Perry Co., Pa. Pre- 
 face to F2, Hamilton 
 formation. 000 Cat. 
 collections, Claypole's 
 specimen 109-7, is from 
 north of Dellville, top 
 
 of Chemung, — VIII g. — Species differs from all others in the 
 interlocking of the strige along the median line of each face. 
 For its contrasts with C, undulata,, C, crebristiata^ C, cayuga^ 
 G. Gongregata,, and C. newberryi. See Hall in place noted 
 above. 
 
CONU. 
 
 144 
 
 Conularia gracilis. (Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. I, 1847, Tren- 
 ton group.) Emmons' American Geol- 
 ogy, Vol. I, part 2, page 207, plate 16, 
 figs. 7 <^, 7 h ; slightly arcuate ; surface 
 marked with deep wavy cross lines; the 
 lines lengthwise rather indistinct. All 
 the Gonularias are pyramidal pteropods, 
 with delicate texture " like a woven 
 fabric;" solid top (apex), "separated 
 from the open shell above by a simple 
 imperforate very convex septune." Em- 
 mons refers to a specimen in his collec- 
 |:in.A.C"^^^*T855 , tion to prove that there is no perfora- 
 
 tion.— Trer^^o/i formation. // c— Hall says that this species is 
 rare as compared with the abundant C. trentonensis^ and that 
 its shell seems very thin and fragile. 
 
 Conularia granulata. (Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, 1847, 
 
 Trenton.) Em- 
 l^OTraniWj ^ons' Am. Geol* 
 ^Pl^^^I, ii, p. 207, plate 
 16, figs 5<^, 5J. 
 Angle marked 
 by grooved lines 
 and surface by 
 EmA-(^A^.55. -^^^^ P'- '^stria3, crossed by 
 
 finer lines lengthwise, giving a grained appearance to the shell 
 under the microscope; see fig. 5?>, magnified. Trenton lime- 
 stone formation. // c. — The lines which traverse this shell 
 lengthwise are probably wrinkles from pressure. Hall. 
 
 Conularia hudsoni. Emmons' American Geology, I, ii, 
 
 1855, p. 208, woodcut fig. 65; 
 a long pyramid, with nearly 
 equal sides; furrows meeting 
 at 130^; edges of a side diverge 
 at about 25° ; both sets of striae 
 stronger than in C. trent.^ and 
 
 Em: A. G. 1855. 
 
 only half as many; fossil therefore coarser and larger. — Loraine 
 ('H. E.) shale formation, Jefi*erson Co., N. Y. IIIl). 
 
145 
 
 CONU. 
 
 f.ll7. 
 
 iDaw.A.G 1368. 
 
 p. 308 
 
 Conularia papillata. (Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, 1847; 
 ICb, ^^^^^^^^^^ Trenton; surface covered 
 
 with minute knobs, pa- 
 pillce.) Emmons' Am. 
 Geol. Vol. 1, part 2, page 
 207, plate 16, figs. Qa ; and 
 6&, which shows the rows 
 of papillae, or "lines of 
 WMMlllSl, granulation, the spaces 
 between which are ele- 
 Em.A.G.i855"^^^^^u6, ^^^^ vated." The pustules 
 were grains which when weathered out left pits; or were hol- 
 low. Hall, p. 224. — Trenton^ II g, 
 
 Conularia planicostata, Dawson; Acad Geol., 1866, page 
 
 308, fig. 117, from the Carbon- 
 iferous limestone of Cape Bre- 
 ton and Nova Scotia (usually 
 regarded as the shell of aptero- 
 pod^ but possibly a cephalopod) 
 flattened by pressure; shell ex- 
 ceedingly thin, especially at its rounded point. — XI 
 
 Conularia quadrisulcata. Hall, Geology of the Fourth 
 
 or Western District of 
 New York, 1843, page 
 110, fig. 40, 2. Niag- 
 ara formation. (Mil- 
 ler, 1826, Min. Conch. 
 260, fig. 3, 4.— His- 
 inger P. S. 30, T. X, 
 fig. 5. — Murchison, 
 Sil. Res. page 626, 
 XII, fig. 22.) It is 
 crossed by obliquely 
 transverse furrows & 
 ridges, which are not 
 always equal; the 
 ridges finely & beau- 
 tifully crenulated; 
 the furrows crowned 
 by grooves which are 
 10 
 
CONU. 
 
 146 
 
 a continuation of the spaces between the crenulations of the 
 ridges; shell compressed; in shale, much expanded and larger 
 than specimens usually figured; ordinarily found in much 
 smaller fragments. Lockport; Rochester. — Vh. 
 
 Cdnularia subulata. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, 
 1856. Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus., 1882, 
 plate 8, fig. 2.) CoUett's Indiana Rt., 1882, 
 page 272, plate 31, fig. 3, side view, magniiied 
 twice. — SubcarhonifeTous ( Warsaw lime- 
 stone) formation at Alton, 111. — XI, 
 trentonensis. Rogers, page 818, fig. 609. 
 
 Trenton i(^xvci2XvdrL. (Hall, 
 Pal. N. Y., 1847, Vol. I, 
 page 222, plate 58, figs. 1 
 a to /*. There is little 
 
 Indian. 
 Conularia 
 
 3/ 
 
 difficulty in identifying 
 this curious and beauti- 
 ful fossil, which is quite 
 abundant in the Treiiton limesto7ie, middle and upper beds, at 
 Trenton falls, Jacksonburgh, Middleville, etc., N. Y., by its 
 oblique ridges and nearly vertical strias (more prominent in 
 the depressions than on the ridges). Shell grooved along the 
 angles. Sephuncle excentric ; cast smooth, with deep groove 
 at angles, and shallow groove on the center of cast face of the 
 pyramids.) Trenton and Hudson river formations. 
 
 Conularia, mostly of undescribed species, abound in the 
 
 Meadville upper limestone, at Glendale, Crawford Co., Pa., 
 
 with many other shells, and in many other exposures of that 
 
 formation. Q4, 83, 140. — Sulearhoniferous. — XL 
 
 Coprolites. (Dung of fish.) See Appendix, 
 
 Conulus priscus. Carpenter. Dawson, Acad. GeoL, 1868, 
 
 p. 385, f. 150, a land snail 
 
 shell, -f-^ in. long, found by 
 Dawson in the pupa layer 
 of the Goal Measures, NoYa 
 Scotia, mentioned under 
 Pupa vetusta. F r a g - 
 ments of another snail 
 shell? were got in 1866. — 
 XIII. 
 
 Daw A.G. 
 
147 
 
 Cora. 
 
 Corals in Niagara limestone^ Yh, at Lockport, N. Y. Lower 
 
 VI ^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^a^^ beds 
 
 nital 
 Lime- 
 stone^ 
 No. 1, of 
 Hall's 
 section) 
 wholly 
 made 
 up of 
 broken 
 & worn 
 stone s 
 & plates 
 of Gary- 
 OGvinus 
 ornatus 
 
 Fragments of ETicrinital columns in Limestone, ^ other 
 
 corallines, weathering in relief. Hall, page 90, fig. 26. — In 
 Pennsylvania, corals of obscure structure abound in some of 
 the finer grained '' wormeaten " Irenton limestone of the inte- 
 rior valleys. (T, p. 57.) See H. D. Eogers' section at Belle- 
 fonte, Centre Co., Pa., beds e, g, h, j, k. (T, 56.) He. — In 
 the Lower Helderlerg^ (VI) coral reefs are abundant along the 
 Pike & Monroe outcrop, in the lower beds (G6, p. 133); in the 
 Stormville beds (G6, p. 134, 199, 219, 230, 244, 268) the same 
 coral reef horizon has extensive outcrops in the Danville- 
 Selinsgrove region, as at Appleman's quarry, Chillis, t., North- 
 umberland Co. (G7, p. 334); and so west through Middle 
 Pennsylvania, in Huntingdon Co., Powell's quarry. Cove Sta- 
 tion, 35' to 50' beneath the Oriskany (T3, p. 123); in Bastard 
 limestone., 44 of Coffee Run section, small branching coral, 
 especially Ghmtetes and Cladopora (p. 172); very abundant in 
 McConnellstown cliffs (p. 201); in Juniata Sand Co.'s quarry 
 cliff on Mill Cr. Corals of other forms than Favosites and 
 Zaphrentis., occur among masses of Stromatoporidoe. (p. 269.) 
 In Bedford Co. corallines abound in the cherty beds of K/, in 
 Martin's ridge near State line (T2, p. 159). In Blair Co. corals 
 are absent from lower, but abound in upper beds of VL, (T, 
 
Cora. 
 
 148 
 
 p. 41.) — In Marcellus ( Corniferous f VIII h.) Claypole col- 
 lected corals at Center Mills, Madison t., Perry Co. (Cat. Spec. 
 223-9.) — In Hamilton sandstone ( VIII c) White found corals 
 in Pike and Monroe (G6, p. Ill, 271, 305.) A coral reef com- 
 parable to those of L. Held, age, occurs near the top of the 
 Hamilton upper shales, 120' beneath TuUy limestone, at Cove 
 Station, Huntingdon Co. (T3, p. 107.) In the Tidly limestone^ 
 in Pike and Monroe (G6, p. 109); and under the Genesee slates, 
 in the Mapleton section, Huntingdon Co., is a bed of Helio- 
 phyllum and CystopJiyllum, 6 inches thick (T3, p. 273). — In the 
 Warren Co. district, corallines are numerous in and alove the 
 oil measures (I, 43, 103, J, 104). — In Mercer and Lawrence 
 counties, corals occur in the Mercer upper and lower lime- 
 stones^ between the Upper and Middle divisions of the Con- 
 glomerate No. X//(QQ, 57, 83, 129, QQQ, 109, 110).— In the 
 Pittsburgh series (Barren measures XIV) a few corals and 
 crinoids are mixed with many shells in the Black Fossiliferous 
 limestone. (K3, 308.) — See Encrinites. 
 
 Numerous fragmental specimens may be found in Chance's 
 Coll. on Marshall's creek, Monroe Co., 1874, marked 601-35 
 (see 00, Pal. Coll. p. 235); also spec. 606-11, got at the same 
 place by Fellows in 1875. — Lower Helderherg^ VI 
 
 Coral? or plant? of the Niagara age, the figure of which is 
 
 HalLUi^ 
 
 given by Hall, in 
 Geol. of the 4th Dis- 
 trict of New York, 
 1843, page 116, fig. 43, 
 1. '' The fossil is com- 
 pletely flattened, pre- 
 senting no solid sub- 
 stance, except a thin 
 carbonaceous film," a 
 collection of fine hairs 
 arranged obliquely on 
 a central axis like an 
 animal's tail; struc- 
 ture like some of the 
 solid corals, where the 
 pores are oblique, etc. 
 Niagara^ Vh. 
 
149 OOBD. 
 
 Cordaianthus flexuosus, rugulosus, spicatus. Three 
 
 species of the flowers of Sigillarice^ found at the base of Fotts- 
 ville conglomerate XII, under Campbell's ledge, Lacoe's col- 
 lections, Pittston, Luzerne Co., Pa. (G7, p. 40.) One species 
 of male and two of female flowers from the roof of the Darling- 
 ton (Kittanning"^ coal bed at Cannelton, Beaver Co., Pa. 
 Mansfield's collections. (Q, p. 55) — XIII. 
 
 Cordaiearpus apiculatus. (Lesquereux Coal Flora, page 
 
 551, plate 83, figs. 6, 6 a. Seeds related 
 to the European G. congruous and much 
 like Bhabdocarpus lineatus of Goepp. 
 / PI 10 ^^^ Berg.) CoUett's Indiana Rt. of 
 
 /nci.lSS3 f'^^ ^gg3^ pj^^^ 22, figs. 6, 7.— «?^Z Meas- 
 
 ures^ Allegheny Series, Kittanning Coal at Cannelton, Beaver 
 Co., Pa. XIII 
 
 Cordaiearpus costatus. See Cordaites costatus. XIII 
 
 Cordaiearpus gutbieri. (Geinitz. Versteinerungen, plate 
 21, fig. 23; Grand Eury's Flora Carbonif., p. 
 236, pi. 26, fig. 19 ; Lesquereux's Coal Flora 
 of Pa. and U. S., page 549, platB 83, figs. 8 to 
 ^Fll\ ^^'^ Collett's Indiana Rt., 1883, plate 21, 
 fig. 5. Coal Measures {Allegheny series) Can- 
 nelton, Pa. XIII 
 
 Cordaites abundant in roof shale of the Cook hed^ Broad 
 Top, Huntingdon Co., Pa., T3, p. 278; and in bed 24, at the 
 bottom of the Hopewell section, Bedford Co. — (T2, p. 260.) 
 In Lawrence Co., Pa., under Tionesta SS., at Eckert's bridge 
 (Q2, 85); under Conno queues sing SS. (Q2, 96.) — In Mercer 
 Co., under Scrubgrass coal (Q3, 79, 80) ; in Sharon Coal roof, 
 (Q3, 53, 123, 126, 160, 197).— In the Oil region, Carll's Coll. 
 specimens, Venango Co., O, 2836, in black mic. shale ; 2848, 
 gray SS.; 2882, shaly SS.; 2895, Congl. SS. ; 3086, black shale 
 above 2d Mtn. SS.— In Warren Co., 2931, in Yellow brown SS.; 
 3114 in shale over 2d Mtn. SS.— Crawford Co., 3195 in black slate, 
 Oleaoi Cong. — Westmoreland Co., 3064, in Brown SS. over 2d 
 Mtn. SS.—X, XII, XIII 
 
 Cordaites borassifolius. ( Flabellaria lorassifolia, Stern- 
 berg). Lesq. coal flora, 1880, p. 532, plate 73, figs. 3, 3 &, found 
 in Lacoe's collections from sub-conglomerate coal, Luzerne Co., 
 Pa. G7, p. 40, 43. — XI — Also, immense numbers of it (and 
 
Cord. 
 
 150 
 
 other species?) with Cardiooarpa^ and Odoiitopteris neurop- 
 teroides^ Newb. (probably), in roof shale of small coal of Mer- 
 cer group, under Homewood SS. top member of XII, at Beatty's 
 mine and elsewhere along Beaver river, Q, p. 68. — XII. — 
 Also in Mansfield's collections, Kittanning bed, Cannelton ; and 
 under Freeport lower coal, on Soap run, Franklin t., Beaver 
 Oo.,Q, p. 55, 220.— X///. 
 Cordaites costatus. (Lesquereux. Proc. Am. Phil. S. 
 
 Phila. 1878, 
 page 323, 
 plate 4, fig. 
 1 to 3. Cor- 
 dai carpus 
 GO status ^ 
 Lesq. same, 
 plate 3, fig. 
 1, 2. Coal 
 Flora of Pa. 
 & U.S. 1880, 
 page 540, 
 plate 80,figs. 
 1 to 3; 87, 
 1 and 2.) 
 Collett's In- 
 d i a n a Rt. 
 1883, page 
 99, plate 21, 
 figs 1, 1 a, 
 1 1). — Com- 
 mon in the 
 Kittanning 
 Goal bed, at 
 Cannelton, 
 
 from which Mr. Mansfield has mined his superb collections. 
 Among the specimens so obtained have been discovered "three 
 kinds of racemes of male ^6>206r5, attached to stems bearing 
 leaves of Cordaites lingulatus^ mansHeldi and costatus^ with 
 the fruits of the last two species, found in their normal posi- 
 tion, attached to their supports." Lesquereux Coal Flora, page 
 544, where he gives a lithographed plate (86) of a hranoh 
 hearing fruit. — XIII 
 
151 
 
 OORD. 
 
 Cordaites foUatus of Europe. Compare Cordaites lacoei. 
 XIIL 
 Cordaites lacoei. Lesqiiereux, Coal Flora, page 535, plate 
 
 87, figs. 2 to 4, (bound in between pages 560 and 561,) closely 
 allied to the European C foliatus of Grand'Eury. Collett's 
 Indiana Rt. of 1883, plate 21, figs. 2, 2t^.— Coal bed E roof- 
 shales, Northern Anthracite basin, Pittston, Pa. XIIL 
 Cordaites lingulatiis. See Cordaites costatus. XIII 
 Cordaites mansHeldl See Rhabdocarpus mansfieldi. 
 XIII 
 
 Cordaites principalis, Goeppert. Permian species. (No 
 species of cordaites ever found by Lesquereux above the Pitts- 
 burgh bed. Coal Flora, p. 528). Reported by White from the 
 Darlington Coal, Beaver Co., Pa., Q, p. 55. XIII 
 ^Cordaites reflexa. Reported by White from the Darling- 
 ton Coal, Beaver Co., Pa., Q,;p.;55. XIII 
 Cordaites robbii. See on page 152. 
 
 Cordaites serpens ; the pith? or woody cylinder ; Artisia^ 
 
 ot Sternhergia, Lesquereux, 
 }• Coal Flora, page 542, plate 79, 
 figs. 1 to 4. Many specimens 
 from Mansfield's Kittanning 
 coal bed at Cannelton, Beaver 
 
 Co. Pa. (Dawson figures a 
 
 hid. ISZ3, ^'- ^^* branch of Artesia abruptly 
 
 terminating in a short cone, and refers it probably to Dadoxilon. 
 a coniferous tree.) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 1883, page 100, 
 plate 21, fig. 3— Coal Measures {Allegheny river series.) XIII 
 
Cord. 
 
 152 
 
 Cordaites robbii. Dawson. 
 
 V/ll 
 
 Geological History of Plants, 
 
 ed. 1888, 
 page 81, 
 fig. 30; a 
 a group 
 of young 
 leaves; b 
 point and 
 G base of 
 a leaf; d 
 the vena- 
 tion mag- 
 nified. — 
 Erian or 
 D e V o n - 
 i a n ) of 
 
 New 
 Br u n s- 
 wic k. 
 VIIL 
 
 Cornulites arcuatus. Hall Geological Report on the 
 V-li. ^-^^.^^^ Fourth District N. Y. 1843, page 109, fig. 
 
 39-3. Niagara formation. (Conrad, 
 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Vol. viii, 
 1848. Plate 17, fig. 8.) Compare Tenta- 
 culites. It is composed of a series of cup- 
 like discs, inserted one within another at 
 their margins; rounder than those of the 
 English Wenlock fossil Cornulites serpularius (Sil. Research, p. 
 627, pi. 26, f. 5) and is easily distinguished from any other fossil 
 of the Silurian system. Occurs as isolated specimens in the 
 Rochester limestone ; in groups of specimens at Lockport, in 
 cavities partly filled with spar. Usually nearly destroyed; in- 
 vested with crystals ; sometimes only the central tube remains 
 (Hall).— F 5. 
 
153 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Cornulites proprius. See Appendix. Vh. 
 Cornulites ? (? Ye^z^ac^Zi^J^^) Roger's Geology of Penn- 
 sylvania, 1858, Vol. 2, page 822, fig. 
 627. A curious animal form of un- 
 known character, a slender cone, 
 composed of rings, transversely 
 striated, is occasionally met with in 
 the Surgent {Clinton) ore sandstone above the fossil ore bed of 
 Frankstown in Blair county. It seems to diifer from HalPs 
 Cornulites Hexuosus, (Rogers). — V a, 
 
 Cornulites ? (? Tentaculites) Hall, page 137, fig. A, 1. 
 
 Y^ , Salina (or Onondaga) formation; difi*ering from the 
 Niagara species in being smaller, straight, and with 
 upper edges of rings thinner and not horizontal, but 
 depressed on one side uniformly, making a sort of 
 continuous groove. Newark, N. Y. — Vc. 
 Cornulites Jiexuosus, Hall, 1852, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2, Clhi- 
 ton, Va. — G. B. Simpson finds twenty-eight specimens of it 
 in Fellows' collection of 1876, from theblufi' on Little Juniata 
 below covered bridge, above Tyrone forges, Huntingdon Co., 
 marked 211-8 (00, p. 232), in Trenton limestone,— II c. 
 
 Crania corrugata. (Orhicula corrugata.) Hall, page 108, 
 
 fig. 38, 3. Niagara formation. Ge- 
 ology of Western District of New 
 York, 1843, page 108, fig. 38, 3 ; sur- 
 face strongly wrinkled and covered 
 with finer concentric wavy lines ; 
 muscle-scar on under valve very 
 distinct, and often extending half 
 way down to the circumference. Fos- 
 sil easily recognized; several cases of 
 both valves being found nearly at- 
 tached to each other. Rochester, Lockport, &c. — Vh. 
 
 Crania hamiltoniae. (Hall, 1860, 13th An. Rt.; Pal. 
 Viir ....^ 17. la^ N. Y. Vol. 4, p. 27, plate 3, figs. 17, 18. 
 ^^^ Marcollus.) In Pennsylvania, Perry Co. 
 ^Iff j (F2, xiii) in Hamilton formation. Clay- 
 1i||li pole's collections (000, 1888) Specimens 
 ^% 5 162, 163, 164, 171, at Barnett's mill, upper 
 V- Pl.a: slates; llO-(l), Brick field, S. W. of New 
 
Oran. 
 
 154 
 
 Bloomfield; (Spec. 77d-4, 16, are from Ithaca, N. Y.) VIII o. 
 — Also in Oarll & Randall's collections from Venango and War- 
 ren Co. 0. E. Hall, P. A. P. S. Jan. 5, 1876.— FZ/7-/X 
 
 Crania leoni, Hall, 13tli Annual Report, N. Y. 1860, Che- 
 mung, Recognized by Simpson in Specimen 9569 (000) of 
 Randall's collections at Warren, Pa. in Chemung. VIII g. 
 
 Crania lodensis. See Discina lodensis, VIII e. 
 
 Crania modesta, White & St. John, Trans. Chicago Acad. 
 Sciences. Two under-valves attached to specimen of Athyris 
 subtilita (which see ai3ove), Collett's Indiana report of 1883, 
 plate 35, fig. 9. Coal Measures^ XIII 
 
 Crania prima, Owen. Geol. Wisconsin, Iowa & Minnesota, 
 
 18 5 2, 
 plate 1 
 B,fig.l3, 
 16,17,18, 
 19 ; from 
 the low- 
 est lay- 
 ers at 
 the Falls 
 of the 
 St.-Croix 
 
 This St. Croix sandstone has always been considered to be the 
 Potsdam sandstone of the West ; but the fossil forms are dif- 
 ferent. See another Crania among the Orlicula j^rima (mid- 
 dle figure) in Owen's fig. 8 of plate 1 B. — Base of the Silurian^ 
 or top of Cambrian System. I. 
 
 Crania setifera. See Appendix. Vh. 
 
 Crania siluriana. See Appendix. Vh. 
 
 Crania spinigera. See Appendix. Vh. 
 
 Crematopteris pennsylvanica. Lesq. Geol. Pa. II, 868, 
 
 0SH. 
 
155 Cren. 
 
 pi. 3, f. 5 ; not well enough preserved to remove all doubt as 
 to the genus. Found by the Revd. Mr. Moore of Greensburg, 
 Westmoreland Co., Pa., in black shale above the 4th coal bed 
 at base of Pittsburgh series {Barren Measures) ; shale covered 
 with marine shells ; plant therefore perhaps a seaweed. Les- 
 quereux found at the same spot many fragments of ferns and 
 reeds, especially a Sphenopteris. Top of Allegheny series of 
 coal measures. — XIII-XIV, 
 
 Crenipecten caroli^ ( Aviculopecten caroli, Winchell, Proc. 
 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. 1863.) Redescribed and figured in 
 Hall's Pal. N. Y. vol. 5, part 1, 1884, page 29, plate 9, fig. 5, in 
 which (a cast) the small spine-like projections from the con- 
 centric lines (described in WinchelPs original paper) do not 
 appear. More circular than Amc. striatus^ blunter beak, 
 stronger rays. Smaller wings than Avic, elongatus. Waverly 
 yellow sandstone^ Newark, Ohio. X? — Recognized by J. Hall, 
 Dec, 1888, in Specimen 9577 of Randall's Collections at War- 
 ren Pa. IX-Xf — See Appendix^ under the original name 
 Aviculopecten caroli. 
 
 Crenipecten winchelli. Hall, Palaeontology of New 1 ork, 
 Vol. 5, part 1, Lamellibranchs, 1884, page 89, plate 9, figs. 1, 2, 
 4, 25 to 30. [Aviculopecten winchelli^ Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. 
 2, 18^5, p. 296, pi. 15, figs. 50,56.) Recognized by J, Hall, Dec, 
 1888, in Pennsylvania Specimen 9550 (Report 000) of Ran- 
 dall's Collections at Warren, Pa., from the Ohemung-Catskill ? 
 ( VII I- IX?) See Appendix. 
 
 Crepicephalus. See Ptychoparia haguei, its type species. 
 Middle Cambrian, M, C. 
 
 Crepicephalus iowensis. See Ptychoparia iowensis. Mid- 
 dle Cambrian. M. C. 
 
 Crinoidea. Stone lilies. |An order of sea animals, mostly 
 growing like plants, fwith jointed flexible stems, supporting 
 cup shaped heads, set with flexible jointed arms, fringed with 
 jointed flexible hair, for the gathering of food. Six families, 
 Cyathocrinidm^ Actinocrinidoe^ Calceocrinidoe^ AncyrocrinidcB^ 
 Edriocrinidoe^ Brachiocrinidce^ include a large number of 
 genera, with a very great number of named species. They 
 grew like submarine prairies, and were sometimes overwhelmed 
 
Crin. 156 
 
 together, making fossil limestone beds of mixed broken and 
 perfect specimens, in vast numbers. They died also individu- 
 ally, and fell apart ; their joints, separated and ground together 
 by currents, were heaped on shores, or scattered far and wide 
 over the sea bottom; consequently they are among the com- 
 monest, most easily recognizable, and most beautiful fossil 
 forms that are found ; and always in the limestone rocks, or in 
 lime shales, or in limy sandstone strata, of all ages. The best 
 collecting ground has thus far been at the Falls of the Ohio, 
 where they can be got in their perfection and of extreme 
 beauty. In Pennsylvania the separated joints or discs of the 
 stem are most commonly found, oftentimes in multitudes, ex- 
 posed on the faces of the rock layers, or pervading the lime- 
 stone beds. 
 
 In Trenton limestone, crinoidal (encrinital) stems were 
 found by Prof. Prime, in Lehigh Co., Pa., in lime quarries just 
 south of Ironton (D2, 57) and in Northampton Co., Knock's 
 farm, near Dech''s quarry, 1:^ m. S. W. of Bath, (D3, 161): 
 abundant at Christian Spring, and eastward all the way beyond 
 Nazareth, in the limestone and shale outcrops, but only visible 
 on the weathered surfaces ; sparingly seen at A. Knecht's, ^ 
 m. S. W. of Stockertown, close to the Bushkill; abundant in 
 upper beds of Ohurchville quarry, dimly visible even on fresh 
 fracture, with Leptcena sericea^ Orthis testudinaria and O. 
 peetinella ; in several lime outcrops on Ackerman's farm, ^ m. 
 E. of Keller's tavern, only one genus (D3, 163); close to 
 cement beds at Nazareth, (p. 165); at J. I. Miller's quarry, S. 
 side the Portland anticlinal (p. 167.) — In Centre Co., Pa., they 
 appear in H. D. Rogers' Bellefonte Section, bed K^ Trenton^ 
 (T, p. 56.)— Specimens in the Cabinet (see 00, p. 281) 203-4, 
 a slab covered on one side with crinoid stems, ends only visible ; 
 203-26, small fragments ; 203-29, mostly ends ; 203-34, frag- 
 ments; 203-38 a^ stems; 203-39, stems, mixed with bits of 
 Iryozoa] 203-43, stems, fragments; 210-22, stems, mostly frag- 
 ments, poor: 210-116 a^ stems, many fragments; all from near 
 Bellefonte. Trenton. TI e. 
 
 In Loraine {Hudson river) shale formation, crinoid stems 
 are found in Raver's Gap, Tussey Mtn., Bedford Co., Pa. (T2, 
 p. 178).— Specimens in the Cabinet (see OO, p. 232) 302-1, 
 very poor fragments ; 304-1, ends, of no value ; 304-5 (eight 
 
157 Crin. 
 
 impressions, poor); 304-7 (two impressions) ; from Henrietta 
 mines, Blair Co.; 305-1 (nine stem impressions, decomposed, 
 poor) from Leathercracker cove, Blair Co. All from Hud- 
 son river slate. Ill h. 
 
 In Medina sandstone ? Stevenson found encrinal stem-casts 
 in a block of softened sandstone, at the summit of Evitts mtn. 
 Bedford Co., on road into Friend's cove (T2, 170). — See also 00, 
 Spec. 5113, sandstone showing crinoidal marks found in Swa- 
 tara creek, Lebanon Co., Pa., which had come from /FJ or 
 some higher sandstone formation. 
 
 In the Clinton formation^ crinoid impressions are in olive 
 shades, 700' beneath fossil ore bed, at Three Springs, Hunting 
 don Co., and in the middle of the Ore SS, under the ore bed, at 
 Orbisonia, (T3, 141;) crowd the bottom layers of the Ore SS 
 (600' above lY) in Brush ridge, Jackson township (T3, 241) — 
 Specimens in the Cabinet (00, p. 233) 502-4, McKee's, Mifflin 
 Co., frag, stems; 502-33, poor stems; 509-1, stems, ends, im- 
 pressions, Orbisonia. Clinton shale^ V a. 
 
 In the Lower Helderlerg formation, crinoid fragments fill beds 
 100' to 130' below Oriskany (VII) at Powell's quarry. Cove 
 Station, Huntingdon Co. (T3, 123) ; also the limy slates, 320' 
 under VII, at Weaver's run (T3, 157) ; largely make up bed 45, 
 225' under VII, the most esteemed liux (T3, 160) ; especially 
 numerous in the McConnellstown lime cliffs (T3, 201) ; fill, 
 (with shells) the fetid limestone bed, top of No. 2, of HefFricht's 
 quarry section, in West and Logan townships (T3, 227). — In 
 Bedford Co. numerous in limestone bed 44 of Hyndman Sect. 
 87' below VII, on Wills creek (T2, 104) ; stems in grey cherty 
 limestone 100' below VII, Bedford section (T2, 149).— In the 
 Montour region, abundant at Russell's, Derr's, Appleman's, 
 Eck's qnarries, (G7, 88, 300, 311, 313)— Spec. 607-2 (00, p. 
 234) stems and hryozoa^ poor, from Tyrone City, Lower Hel- 
 er})erg limestone^ VI. 
 
 In the Marcellus formation, crinoids appear in Pike and 
 Monroe Co: (G6, 116, 241, 255, 268, "lU)— Villi, 
 
 In the Hamiltonf ovmdition in Pike and Monroe, crinoidal frag- 
 ments occur in the fossiliferous layers (G6, 112). In the Mon- 
 tour region they are numerous at the base, just over the Mar- 
 cellus (G7, 217) ; also in the upper beds, at Paxinos Station, 
 Shamokin t.. North. Co. ; and 100' below the top at Vander- 
 
Crin. 158 
 
 slice'sflag quarry, near Bloonisbiirg,(Claypole's Oat. 000,1880, 
 specs. 92-1, 2, 3). — In Huntingdon Co. they abound in all the 
 beds of the Hamilton upper shales (30' to 40' thick, T3, 100) ; 
 as at Cove Station in flags (p. 107) ; on Coffee run 355' below 
 Genesee (p. 169) ; on Shoup's run (p. 179) ; in the lime beds 
 No. 23 of Patterson section (p. 184) ; in the sandy bed No. 4, 
 McConnelltown section (p. 199) ; in the cliff sandstone where 
 ER. crosses Crooked creek (p. 211) ; in bed 11 of Mapleton sec- 
 tion (p. 273) see Claypole's Spec. 201-24, 000, 1880.— In Bed- 
 ford Co. in the Hamilton middle beds, No. 51 and 58, of Sax- 
 ton Section (T2, 231.) Also in bed 30, Yellow Or. sect. 2957' 
 below top of IX (p. 226) ; and stems in bed 38, Saxton sect. 
 1500' below Allegrippus conglomerate (p. 230). — Specimens in 
 the Cabinet (00, p. 235) 804-11, cast of stem; 804-20, stem 
 poor, 804-38, casts of stems ; 804-55 ditto ; from Marshall Cr. 
 Monroe Co.; 805-9, 23, casts of stems, poor, from Bell's Mills, 
 Blair Co.; 807-8, S^a^^^i/^^Z end of crinoid stem; 807-9 (cast, 
 poor) ; 807-17, imp. of stem and a few plates; 807-22 (poor) ; 
 807-35, end of stem ; 807-46, poor bits of stems ; 807-50, ditto ; 
 807-56, very heautiful end of stewi^ to he drawn; 87-63 (poor) ; 
 808-11 (very poor) ; all from Kintner's farm, Marshall creek, 
 Monroe Co., Hamilton shale VIII g. 
 
 In the Tully limestone^ crinoidal fragments appear in Pike 
 and Monroe (G6, 109); in Northumberland Co. (G7, 339); in 
 Huntingdon, bed 21 of the Patterson Section (T3, 184), and 
 in flags, 70' under the Tully limestone {?) bed 5 at Mapleton 
 (p. 273).— F///^. 
 
 In the Portage (or lower division of the Chemung) crinoidal 
 fragments appear in bed 71 of the Catawissa Section (G7, 286) ; 
 and at the base of the Chemung, in sandstone. Greenwood t., 
 Col. Co. (p. 210.) — In Bedford Co. at the top of the Portage, 
 bed 19 of the Saxton section, 4 inches thick, 425' below the Al- 
 legrippus (Chemung lower) conglomerate, on Yellow creek 
 (T2, p. 80) ; and stems in flags on Tonoloway creek, Thompson 
 township, Fulton Co. (p. 276.)— F////. 
 
 In the Chemung^ in the Montour region, many in beds 14 and 
 41, Rupert sect. (G7, 68) ; bed 37, lower Chemung, sect. 96 (p. 
 367); and beds 45, 47, 50, Catawissa sect. (p. 286.) — In Perry 
 Co. (0, Spec. 36l!J, 3620) stems inshaly SS. E. of Newport; a 
 plate from Dorrance's Narrows (000, spec 118-31) ; 1 m. N. of 
 
159 Crin. 
 
 Dellville (000, three spec. 109-8.)— In Huntingdon Co. nu- 
 merous in lowest 70' of the 300' sandy shales under All. Cong, 
 on Shy Beaver creek (T3, 163) ; 350^ below the Chemung upper 
 conglomerate, near the base of the Haun's bridge section 
 (p. 194) ; columns and separated joints (stems and discs) 
 in bed 42 of P. EK. Huntingdon section (T3, 264) ; numerous 
 fragments in bed 8, Juniata river S. bank section, 250' below 
 All. Cong.— Stony Brook group of Montour region (p. 193).— 
 In Bedford Co. plates numerous, with Amhocoelia^ in All. Cong. 
 Mowry's mill hillside, King township (T2, p. 133); stem-casts 
 numerous in shale over All. Cong, in many layers, valley be- 
 tween Polish Mtn. and Ragged ridge, Smith township (p. 205) ; 
 occasional single plate in flags, near Diehl's house, Napier 
 township (p. 117) ; stem casts, below Ickes gunshop, Napier 
 (p. 127); crinoids with spirifera disjuncta, near top of group 
 19, Yellow creek section, say 1200' below IX (p. 225) ; stems 
 in fossil layer under All. Cong. Saxton RE. cut, 1550' below 
 IX (p. 230).— Tioga Co. stems in bluish S8., Tioga village (O, 
 spec. Zm^),— Specimens 872-3 (two slabs with columns about i 
 inch in diameter) ; 872-5 (a mass of very short bits of stems) ; 
 872-26 (ditto) ; 873-53 (a slab composed of small fragments of 
 stems) ; all in E. Howell's coll. at Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y. 
 00, p. 237, from Chemung strata.—SSS-S-^ (impressions of 
 stems), 883-19 (beautiful ornamentation), 883-42 (two speci- 
 mens, impressions, surface markings very pretty), 883-50-54, 
 (imp. of stem ends), 883-63 (stem, i inch wide, knotty sur- 
 face), 883-73 (stems), all in Howell's coll. at Nichol, Tioga Co., 
 N. Y. from Chemung, F///^.— 891-2 (two impressions of ends 
 of stems) Sherwood's coll. near Linden, Lycoming Co., from 
 shale next to iron ore at top of Chemung, VIII g. 
 
 In the passage heds of Chemung into Catskill in Huntingdon 
 Co. over the 500' of red shale, 1100' above the Chemung upper 
 conglomerate, crinoids occur in a coarse conglomerate at Pat- 
 terson (T3, 183) and in Olive shales on Coffee run (p. 168) 
 2400' below the base of X (p. 89). Also in Catskill beds No. 
 8, 9, of the P. EE. sect, below Huntingdon (p. 263). In the 
 Montour region, at Catawissa, etc., in the Stony Brook series 
 (G7, p. 64, 65, 197, 238, 239). 
 
 In the PoGono (subcarboniferous) formation, No. X, in the 
 oil regions, crinoids abound, in divisions F, G, H, of Dr. Ean- 
 
Grin. 160 
 
 dall's Warren section (IIII, p. 305); stems and flower-heads 
 interspersed promiscuously with pebbles, a mile from two wells 
 near N. Y. State line, Elk township, Warren Co. (p. 335) and 
 in a peculiar local conglomerate, under the Sub-Olean, at Mrs. 
 Krupp's 2 m. S. W. from Warren (p. 34&) ; at Sneider's sum- 
 mit, beds 3, 5 (p. 331) ; in the Third Mtn. Sand (p. 273) ; " Star- 
 fish crinoids," Cystidea^ Archceocidaris, etc., in the Subcarb. 
 middle 200' of Randall's Warren section (I, p. 53); crinoids 
 rare in the lower 500' (p. 54) ; see specimens of stems in Cat. 
 of Coll. (O, 3227, 3315, 3321, 3398, 3399, 3400) in Warren, Ve- 
 nango and McKean Co., mostly in sandstone, but at various 
 horizons. VIII-IX-X\ also Spec. 3281,3334 of crinoid impres- 
 sions in sandstone, with Spirifera and OrtJiocaras, | m. N. of 
 Warren. Stems and discs are numerous in the flags of Mill 
 run at the Meadville oil well, fine specimens in Carll's collec- 
 tions (Q4, 171); and in the Saegertown ravine, sandstone, 
 Woodcock, Crawford Co. (p. 196). Furrowed stems cover the 
 underside of bottom layer of Third Oil Sand at the Carroll 
 quarry, Le Boeuf, Erie Co. (p. 240). Stems were found by 
 Stevenson in the gaps of the Conemaugh and Youghiogheny 
 (K3, p. 310).— ZZ, X, XL 
 
 In the Pottsville conglomerate {Mercer upper and lower 
 U7nestones)^ in Mercer and Lawrence Cos. (QQQ,37, 41, 97, 
 109, 110, 138) ; abundant in Wayne t. (p. 62, 100, 129) ; these 
 probably furnished the minutely broken-up discs of the sand 
 pumpings of the Boyds-hill gas-well at Pittsburgh, from top of 
 blue rock at 642', i. e. 900' beneath the Pittsburgh Coal (Re- 
 port L, p. 225).— X//. 
 
 In the Lower Productive coal measures {Allegheny river 
 series) Ferriferous limestone^ in Beaver Co. abundant on 
 Whistler's run, Fanporte, etc. (Q, p. 60, 61, 193); in Mercer 
 and Lawrence Cos. at Wampum and elsewhere (QQ, 47, 106; 
 QQQ, 25, 78). Also in the Fine creek limestone in McCand- 
 less township, Allegheny Co. (Q, p. 33, 168, 179).— XZ/7. 
 
 In the Barren measures {Fittshurgh series), Crinoidal 
 {Black fossiliferous) limestone, 250' beneath Pitts. C. (K, 76, 
 79, 80, 82), stems, half-inch thick, abundant in W. Va. (Trans. 
 A. P. S. XV, 26, and L, 21); a few near top, Fayette Co., Pa. 
 (L, 36) ; crowded, at M. Scott's, Donegal, Westmoreland (K3, 
 117) ; innumerable white stems on black slate, top layer, Men- 
 
IBl 
 
 Crin. 
 
 ohers, Ligonier, Westd. (p. 139) ; plates, the only fossil seen in 
 bed 4, Sect. 102, P. KR. cut, St. Clair, Westd. (beds 2 and 3, 
 being full of shells; p. 170) ; a few crinoids and corals among 
 multitudes of shells (p. 308) ; crowded with fragments, on Big- 
 ger's run, Robison, Wash. Co. (p. 272) ; multitudes of plates 
 and stems, with ten species of shells, at Thompson's station, 
 Mifflin, Wash. Co. (p. 303); also Baldwin t. 300' below Pitts. 
 «C. (p. 306, 309); Temperanceville (p. 311); Minnick's station 
 tunnel (p. 312) ; Pike bridge, Chartiers Cr., Robinson, Wash. 
 Co. (p. 326) ; Moon run and Meek run, Allegheny county, 
 (p. 328, 331); in S. Beaver Co. (K, 334, 337, 338, 340, 342); 
 crowded (p. 344); and also one mile above Georgetown, Ohio 
 river (p. 346, 348).— X/F. 
 
 Crinoid joint; called by mistake PentaoHnites hamptoni^ in 
 ml Emmons' Geology of the Second district N. Y. 1842, 
 
 p. 402. f. 111,3. Vanuxem, Geology of the Third 
 district, 1842, p. 65, f. 9, 3. Abounds in the upper 
 layers of the Loraine {Hudson ^^?J^r), formation, 
 "^^^^/'^i, at Hampton, Pulaski, Saratoga, &c. — Illh. 
 
 Crinoid joint. Hall, Geology of the Fourth district, N. Y. 
 
 1843, page 71, fig. l^, 5 (natural size 
 and magnified); and page 77, fig. 19,3. 
 Vanuxem, Geology of the Third dis- 
 trict, p. 79, fig. 11, 5, joint rounded 
 by solution. — Clinton, V a. 
 
 Crinoid stem, and joints. Hall, Geo- 
 logy of the Fourth district, N. Y. 1843, 
 p. 157, figs. 61, 3, 3 a, 3 b (showing the 
 five sided canal, or syphuncle, and the 
 crenulated, or toothed edges of the 
 plates). Upper Helderherq formation, 
 Till a, 
 Crinoid head, very abundant in upper 
 part of Calciferous SS. Em- 
 mons' Geology of the Second 
 district of N. Y. 1842, page 179, 
 fig. 53, 3, Vanuxem, Geol. 
 Third Dist. N. Y. 1842, page 36, 
 Ila. 
 
 P-36. 
 
 fig. 2, 3.- 
 
 11 
 
Crin. 162 
 
 Crinoid stem. (Tricyclus ?) Vanuxem, Geology of the Third 
 
 district 
 of N. Y. 
 
 184 2, 
 
 Vfllg, Vajt^AKl^ " " pagel82 
 
 ^^ fig. 49,6. 
 
 Ilamilton formation, VIII g, 
 
 Crustacea. — (1.) Fifteen families of 7rilohites^n}xmeA from 
 the typical ^enus of each family : Acidaspis^ Aglasjns^ Ag- 
 nostics^ Asaphus, Bronteus^ Calymene^ Cer aunts ^ Conocepha- 
 lus, CgphaSn liar pes ^ lichas^ Paradoxides. Phacops, Prmtus^ 
 Trmucleus. — (2) Insects in shells, like Cythere and Begrichia. 
 — (3) Prototypes of the lobsters, like Eiirypterus, (4) Many 
 other forms ot articulated animals, more or less covered with 
 shells. — Trllohites appeared in the earliest ages, in immense 
 numbers and of great variety, and continued to flourish into the 
 Coal Age, when the last species disappeared from the earth. — 
 The others appeared, so far as we know, much later, and have 
 also ceased to exist or been changed into other forms of the 
 same style of construction. — The minute bivalve crustaceans 
 are vastly abundant in the Clinton fossil iron ore heds (see 
 Beyrichia.) They are equally abundant in the highest coal 
 measures of Washington and Greene counties, in nearly all of 
 the limestone beds of the Upper Barren measures (K, p. 47) 
 especially in the Upper (white) Washington limestone (No. 6 
 of Stevenson's series) and in the fish bed over the Washington 
 Lower limestone (No. 2) K, pp.48, 50; al^omhlach sJiaJ e^^egro 
 run (p. Ill), at Washington (p. 149); Mack shale over L. 6, 
 Pursley run (p. 152); black shale parting in L. 2, Ten Mile 
 Village (p. 188); black shale over L. 3 (p. 225); Hack shale ^ 
 110' below Jolleyt.own coal (p. 225); in L. 2 & 4, Washing- 
 ton tunnel and 20' over L. 6 (p. 242); vast numbers in the 
 fetid L. 6 (p. 243); in slate partings of L. 6, under coal 
 (p. 261); in L. 6 (p. 28 1), — The larger crustaceans are occa- 
 sionally seen in the shales between the first and second Moun- 
 tain sands of Venango County, {SulGarhoniferous) (1, p. 37); 
 in Randall's Warren Section, division R, over the ''Reds" 
 (IlII, p. 306). The trail of one of these crustaceans is noticed 
 by White (Q 2, 70) on a flagstone, near Newcastle, Lawrence 
 Co., Pa., which contained many of the characteristic subcar- 
 boniferous Spirifers^ Producti. Allorisma^ &c., and many 
 
163 
 
 Cryp. 
 
 seaweeds; showing that crustacean tracks can be distinguished 
 from genuine fosdi sea weeds; which has been denied. 
 
 Crijphmus calUteles. See Dalmanites calliteles, F///c. 
 
 Cryptozoon proliferum. Hall. 36th An. Rt. N. Y. 1884, 
 
 plate 6. Covers extensive surfaces of limestone rock. Long 
 known under the wrong name of Stromatopora, it is an older 
 form and of quite different growth, viz : starting from a point 
 below and growing and expanding upward in concentric layers, 
 like a reversed cone. Greenfield, Saratoga Co., and Little 
 Falls, Herkimer Co., N. Y. — Lower Silurian. II. 
 
Oryp. 
 
 1(34 
 
 Cryptonella {Terebratula) eudora. See Appendix. 
 
 Cryptonella planirostra. ( Terebratula planirostra. See 
 Appendix for Hgure and description, 
 
 Cryptonella rectirostra. ( Terehrutula reetirostra. ) Hall, 
 
 1860, ISth An. Rt. ; Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4,p, 
 394", plate 61, fi^s. 3, 4, 5. Hamilton 
 group. Collected by Claypole (F2,xiii) 
 at Barnett's mill, Perry Co., from Hamil- 
 51. ton upper slates^ see Catalogue of Collec- 
 tions, 000, Spec. 5-152.— F///0. 
 
 Cryptonella ? in CarlPs collection of 1875; C.E. Hall, 
 
 Ms. Et. Dec. 30, 1876. Oil Region, Northwest Pennsylvania, 
 Upper Chemung rocks. — YIII-IX, 
 
 Cryptopora rniraUlis. See Fenestella moulds. 
 Ctenoptychius cristatus, Dawson. Acadian Geology, 
 ■«XIH. /i^^AA.A f^^2 1868, p. 209, fig. 52,- comb- 
 CTv .. f\ m\i m I AAaA like " tooth of a fish of the 
 
 Coal Measures; very small; 
 %. magnified to show its 
 14 points, much com- 
 pressed, on a narrow base. 
 —2 III. 
 
 See Appendix with fgure. 
 See Appendix with figure. 
 Ctenacanthus triangularis. See Appendix with figure. 
 Ctenacanthus vetustus. See Appendix with figure. 
 Ctenacanthus. Several species of these fish occur in Div. 
 A, B,C,D,E, ofRandalPs section at Warren. (Rt. IIII,p.318.) 
 Fish spines were found by White, in Meadville upper lime- 
 stone (Q4, 83.) — A fine fish spine, found by White, in the 
 Sharpsville upper sandstone (between the Meadville upper and 
 lower limestones), Crawford Co. (Q4, p. 86.) — X 
 
 A Ctenacanthus spine, partly magnified., from Dawson's 
 
 Acadian Geology is given in the 
 figure under Acrolepis horto- 
 jr.7^, nensis, in the Appendix. Fig. 
 78 </, spine of Ctenacanthus.^ hj 
 portion of spine magnified. 
 
 Ctenacanthus formosus. 
 Ctenacanthus marshii. 
 
 Ctenacanthus 
 
16< 
 
 Gten. 
 
 Ctenoptychius 
 
 A fish found in the Crinoidal (Black 
 Foss.) limestone 250' below Pittsburgh coal, in Stevenson's W. 
 Va. sect. Trans. A. P. S. Phil. XV. part. 2. (L,36)— XK 
 CuGidlea ojnma. See Nucula lirata. VIII c. 
 Cuneamya, spec. No. 9576, in RandalFs collection at War- 
 ren, Pa., in Division J. flaggy sandstone, 150' to 200' below Sub- 
 olean conglomerate (000). — VIII-IX, 
 
 Cyathaxoni'i distorta. Compare with Lophophyllum pro- 
 lifer um. XIII, 
 
 Cyathaxonia herzeri. (Hall, 35 An. Rt. N. Y. Mus. 1882.) 
 Y -^^^^j^^^^^^ // IBQZ Oollett's Indiana Rt. 1882, 
 
 page 275, plate 15, fig. 14, 
 back view and cup. — Ni- 
 agara limestone, at Louis- 
 ville, Ky. Vh, — The figure 
 shows the conical colum- 
 ella at the bottom of the 
 
 cup; and 100 lamellae. 
 Cyathaxonia prolifera. See Lophophyllum prol. XIII. 
 Cyatheites miitus. See Pecopteris unitus. XII I. 
 
 Cyathocrinus Hall, Geol. Fourth Dist. N. Y., 
 
 1843, plate fig. [21, 4,4a, 
 5, 5a, 5b.] Niagara form- 
 ation. (Figs. 21, 5, 5a. 
 5b show the 
 cup without 
 arms. Fie:. 
 *o 21, 4 shows 
 f^i the arms at- 
 'X tached, b u t 
 a broken condition. 
 21, 4a shows the an- 
 atomy of the cup, or the 
 arrangements of the plates 
 which make the cup.) — 
 Vl. 
 
 [20 
 
 o- 
 
 0% 
 
 V.ZlAb 
 
 f^ 
 
Cyat. 
 
 166 
 
 Cyathocrinus multibrachiatus. Lyon & Casseday, 1859. 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 -J.pI.39 
 
 Cyathocrinus ornatissimus. Hall, Geology of Fourili Uis^ 
 
 trict,N.Y., 
 1813, page 
 247, fig. 
 108,1,2,3, 
 4, 5. Po7't- 
 ^^e forma- 
 tion. (Figs. 
 1,2,3,4,5 
 show sec- 
 tions of the 
 stem at 
 various 
 heights 
 from the 
 base or 
 root of the 
 stem.) It 
 occurs on 
 the shores 
 of Lake 
 Erie,in the 
 own of 
 Portland, 
 only in one 
 bed of 
 rock, only 
 six inches 
 thick, and 
 e:jvtendin g 
 only ten 
 
167 
 
 Cyat. 
 
 feet; a lens-shaped layer of closely packed crinoidal stems; a 
 result of the sudden and complete destruction of a small, iso- 
 lated grove of these stone-water-lilies. — VIIL f, 
 
 Cyathocrinus pyriformis. {Ichthyocrinus Icevis of Con- 
 tra d ; Jour. 
 " Acad. N. 8. 
 Phila. Vol. 8, 
 ^page 279, 
 ^^^ plate 15, fig. 
 Co 16.-— SeeMar- 
 chison's Si- 
 lurian Re- 
 searches, 
 page 6 7 2, 
 plate 17, fig. 
 6.) Niagara formation. F. 5. 
 
 Cyathocrinus ? in Becker^ s creek shale^ under the 
 
 Mahoning sandstone, at the top of the Allegheny series, at 
 Morgantown, W. Va., Stevenson. (L, p. 36.) — XIII. 
 
 Cyathophyllum ammonis, Europe. See Heliophyllum 
 corniculum, Villa. 
 
 Cyatliophyllnm arctifossa. (Hall, 35th An. Rt. N. Y. 
 
 1///A tt. J% 
 
 Mus. 1882, page 441.) OoUett's Indiana Rt. 18S2, page 297, 
 plate 24, figs. 1, 2, back and cup of the coral. Fosselte deep, 
 
Cyat. 
 
 168 
 
 Indmx 
 
 narrow ; lamelL'B 120, alternating in length, the longer ones 
 becoming bundles as they near the hottom,— Corniferous lime- 
 stone at Falls of Ohio. — VIII a, 
 Cyathophayllum concentricum. 
 
 (Hall, 35th An. Kt.N. 
 Y. Mils. 1882, page 
 146.) Collett's In- 
 diana Et. 1882, page 
 316, plate 21, fig. 1.— 
 fossette extends from 
 near center to front 
 margin; lamellae 100, 
 of nearly uniform size at margin, alternating below; when 
 skinned the specimen shows internal striae crenulated or united 
 by ^ev^^.Coriiiferous limestone (U. Held.) formation at Falls of 
 the Ohio river. VIII a, 
 
 Cyathophyllum conitum. Europe. See Heliophyllum. 
 corniculum. Villa. 
 
 Cyathophyllum corniculum. A. Winchell's Geological 
 Studies, New York, 1886, page 204, fig. 116.— 
 See Heliophyllum corniculum. VIII a. — 
 
 Prof. Winchell, on page 206 gives a figure 
 (117) of a cross section of a cup, showing the 
 outer wall, the inward converging partitions 
 (septa) ; but it is the cup of Zaphrentis pro- 
 liiiGa ; which see. 
 
 Cyathophyllum depressum. (Hall, 35th An. Et. 1882) 
 
 Collett's Indiana lit. of 1^82, page 298, plate 24, ijg. 3, 4, side 
 and back views of the coral —Corniferous limestone formation, 
 at Falls of the Ohio, Ky. VIII a. 
 
169 
 
 Oyat, 
 
 Cyathophyllum dianthus, Goldfuss, Petref. 1826, p. 54, 
 
 pi. 15, fig. 13 ; pi. 16, fig. 1. Hall, 
 Geology of the Western District 
 of New York, 1843, page 160, fig, 
 63, 2. Tipper Ilelderbevg ( Onond- 
 aga) formation. (Murchison, SiL 
 Research, page 690, pi. 16, figs. 
 12, 12a, 12 c.) Usually shows in 
 large silicified bunches projecting 
 from the weathered surfaces of 
 the limestone rocks. The figure 
 is a small portion of one of these 
 masses of coral. Abundant at 
 Caledonia, Livingston county, N. 
 Y., Williamsville, LeRoy, &c. — 
 VIII a. 
 
 Cyathophyllum gigantea. Vanuxem, p. 133. 
 
 Cyathophyllum (Stromhodes) helianthoides, 
 phyllunx halli. VIII c. 
 
 Villa, 
 See Helio- 
 
 Cyathophyllum impositum. (HalL 35th An. Rt.) Col- 
 
 lett's Indiana 
 Rt. of 1882, 
 page 2 9 9, 
 plate23,fig.7. 
 — Tipper Hel- 
 derherg ( Cor- 
 niferoits) 
 limestone, at 
 Falls of Ohio. 
 VIII a. 
 
 Cyathopoliyllum intertrium. (Hall 35th Am. Rt. Mus. 
 
 ^ 1882) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 
 
 11 1882, page 273, plate 15, fig. 
 
 r 9,10, side and top views of the 
 
 r. 
 
 ^. [^ coral ; fig. 11. ^?i^Za?;^^(^ to show 
 htcfy^^S^ /^^'^^^SIM^^^ , it lOl the three finer rays which in- 
 tervene between two stronger ones, and give it its name {in- 
 tertrium.) — Niagara formation at Louisville, Ky. Vh. 
 
Cyat. 
 
 170 
 
 Cyathophyllum rugosum (?) Edwards and Haime, 1851, 
 
 Villa. 
 
 hl\^ 
 
 Pal. Foss. des Terr. Pal. Cornif. (Astrcea rugosa. Hall, 
 1848,)— Colletrs Indiana Report of 1882, page 260, plate 8, fig. 
 1, (Van Cleve) upper side of coral colony; fig. 2 lower side, 
 showing concentiic lines of skin and interior radi':iting struc- 
 ture. Common in Corniferoiis liinestoae in Ohio, Kentucky, 
 Indiana and elsewhere. VIII a. 
 
 Cijatho2)hi/llum turbinatum. See Heliophyllnm halli. 
 
 VIII G, 
 
 Cyathophylluni vesicuiatum. (Hall, 25th An. Rt. N. 
 
 V/l/xi-. 
 
 JndJ^^z^ 
 
 Y. Mus., 1882). CoUett's Indiana 
 Rt. of 1882, page 297, phile 23, fig. 
 3. Looks somewhat like a Cjjsti- 
 phylhcm, Corniferous limestone 
 formation at Falls of the Ohio. 
 VIII a. 
 
171 
 
 Cyat. 
 
 Cyathophyllum, or Strombodes, Hall, Geology of the 
 
 Fourth or AVestern 
 district of N. Y. 1843, 
 page 160, lig. 63, 1 ; 
 one of the common 
 and abundant forms 
 of the Onondaga ^isi- 
 sion of the Upper 
 Ileldefhefg forma- 
 tion ; associated with 
 Cyat hop hy Hum Uexu- 
 osum and Cyatho- 
 pTiyllum ceratites. — 
 
 See White's Report on Monroe and Pike county, G6, p. 120. — 
 
 Villa. 
 
 Cyathophylluin 
 Vfff.c. 
 
 ? Hall, Geol. Fourth dist. N. Y., 
 1843, plate fig. [48, 3a.l Hamilton 
 formation. (Rare in Western New 
 York; strongly marked. Hall). See 
 section at Chemung narrows, as a 
 specimen section with cup and other 
 corals, in bed 15, copied in Rt. I, p. 
 93.— VIII g. 
 
 Cyathopliylloid {cup leaf) corals appeared very early; 
 for Stevenson finds them, but too obscure for identification, in 
 the Calciferous (or perhaps Chazy) dolomitic limestone forma- 
 tion, say 2,000' beneath the TJtica slatc^ in Friends Cove, Bed- 
 ford Co., Pa. (T2, p. 164) ; ITTP below Utica slate on the 
 Juniata river (p. 94). — // a. or h. — Of Devonian times, frag- 
 ments too poor to identifv occur as specimens 804-28, 90, 95 ; 
 805-4, 34, in Fellows' an<l Genth's collections on Marshall 
 creek, Monroe Co., and C. E. Hall's at Bell's Mills, Blair Co., 
 all in Ilaniilton shale^ VIII c. — Later; specipiens 860-6 (cast 
 of calyx) from Mansfield. Tioga Co., Pa., in Chemung, Also 
 spec. 888-1 (surface cast), 883-47 (cast of calyx,) 883-48, from 
 Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., also in Chemung^ VIII g. 
 
 CycloclicUa ornata (European species). Compare Halonia 
 tuberculata. XIII 
 
Cycl. 
 
 172 
 
 H.I7.5./7 
 
 Cyclonema bilix. {Pleurotomaria lilix.) Rogers, page 
 lift .A ^^^' fig. "620. Loraine formation. (Conrad, 
 ^ ^^ Jour. Acad. N. Sci. Phila. Vol. 8, 1842. Tren- 
 ton and Hudson river formations ) II c^ Illh^ — 
 The genus Cyclonema (thread-wound) was es- 
 tablished by Hall in Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, 1852, 
 R. SZO page 89; Ulix being its type species. 
 
 Cyclonema cancellatum. {littorina cancellata.) Hall, 
 
 GeoL, 1843, page 72, figs. 17, 5, a young 
 individual finely and beautifully can- 
 cellated over its whole surface. This 
 marking became obliterated as the 
 animal grew old, see figs. 6, front and back views. Abundant 
 in the Sodus and Rochester green ( Clinton) shale ; also in the 
 Rochester and Medina Pentamerris strata. — Va. 
 Cyclonema concinnum ( Concinna), See Appendix. 
 Cyclonema hamiltoniae. See Appendix. 
 Cyclonema leavenworthana. {Pleurotomaria leaven- 
 yj ^' worthana^ Hall, Trans. Alb. Ins. Vol. 
 
 ^ •"" "^^ 4, 1856.— Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. 
 
 N. H. 1882, plate 8. ) Collett's Indiana 
 Rt. 1882, page 363, plate 31, figs. 29, 
 magniiied twice ; fig. 30, natural size ; 
 In^. /DsT. P/.3/T'^^^ fig. 31, magniiied twice and showing 
 opening to chamber. — Suhcarh. limestone at Alton, 111., and 
 Spergen Hill, Lanesville and Bloomsburg, Ind. This shell 
 varies its form greatly with age, the young being rounder, the 
 old with longer spires. It is not a Pleurotom,aria, nor a Murcli- 
 isonia, because it has no special spiral band. It is near Pleti- 
 rotomaria trilineata. ^I 
 
 Cyclonema percarinatum. {Pleurotomaria percarinata. 
 Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, Trenton and 
 Hudson river groups.) Emmons, Amer. Geol. 
 I, ii, page 223, plate 5, fig. 7 ; like other gas- 
 teropods (snails) of the Trenton limestone at 
 Middleville, N. Y., rarely smooth and perfect; 
 therefore hard to identify ; associated with 
 Atrypa hemiplicata., Cyrtolites compressus^ 
 'and Cyrtolites trentoneiisis. — Trenton, lie. 
 
 . -C 
 
 Em.A.G.is 
 
173 
 
 Cycl. 
 
 Cyclonema sub-angulatum. {Pleurotomaria sul-angu- 
 lata, Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 4, 1856. Whitfield 
 Bull. 3, Am. Mus. N. IL, 1882, plate 8.) Collett's 
 Indiana Rt. of 1882, page 364, plate 31, fig. 32.— 
 Sub-carloniferous limestone of Spergen Hill, etc.^ 
 Ind. This species of Cyclonema can be distinguished 
 from all the other species of the genus, by the flat- 
 fish, shelf-like upper part of each whorl, with a sharply 
 angular edge. This is the distinguishing feature of the casts 
 of the shell. No striae parallel to the lines of growth have been 
 observed. There are traces of finer striae between the coarser 
 revolving striae, which latter are unequal in size and distance 
 from each other. Compare (7. yvanii, Leville. (Hall.) — XI. 
 Cyclopteris digitata. Europe. Near Whittleseya elegans. 
 — Note. The first specimen of Cyclopteris leaf attached to the 
 leaf stem (rachis) recorded, may be seen in A. C. Seward's fine 
 lithograph page-plate X, facing page 344, of the London Geolo- 
 gical Magazine for August, 1888, No. 290.— X/77. 
 
 Cyclopteris elegans. (Lesquereux. Boston Jour. Soc. 
 
 KlO 
 
 7 ^-^ 
 
 Nat. Hist. Vol. 6, page 416. Geol. 
 of Penn. 1858, page 856, plate 5, fig. 4, afterwards identified by 
 Lesq. with NeurojAeris tenuifolia of Brongniart, described in 
 Coal Flora (Report P), page 100. Grand'Eury and Saporta 
 are inclined to place it and other species in a new genus 
 Doleropteris ; see Coal Flora page 522.) Collett's Indiana Rt. 
 of 1883, page 52, plate 10, fig. 7, where it is made identical with 
 Neuropteris loschii. — P'ound by Lesquereux in the Darlington 
 hed at Cannelton, Beaver Co., Pa. XIII, 
 
 Cyclopteris flmbriata. See Neuropteris fimb. XIII 
 Cyclopteris germari. See Neurpoteris germari. XIII 
 Cyclopteris laciniata. See Neuropteris laciniata. XIII 
 Cyclopteris undans. See Neuropteris dentata. XIII 
 
Cycl. 
 
 174 
 
 Cyclopteris jacksoni, Dawson's Acadian Geology, 1868, p. 
 
 .Vn/^"nc 
 
 Cydopteris Jaclcsoni, 
 
 516, f. 191 ; Canad. Nat. Vol. 6, p. 173, fig. 9, from Perry & St. 
 John; as in the Chemung- CatsMll strata about Montrose, Sus- 
 quehanna Co., Pa., as described by Hall. YIII-IX. 
 
 Cyclopteris valida. See Appendix. 
 
 Cydostoma pervetusta. See Pleurotomaria pervetusta, 
 ( al so Eiio mp ha lus perve tus tus. ) IV. 
 Cyphaspis christyi, (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. 1863, Vol. 
 
 4.) Collett^s Indiana Rt. 1881, 
 page 333, plate 34, fig. 5, head 
 enlarged tivice ; fig. 6, entire 
 trilobite, enlarged twice ; fig. 7, 
 profile of same. Thorax (body) 
 has twelve segments, highly con- 
 vex, deeply lobed. Species dif- 
 fers from all others by its long 
 head, and proportions of body. 
 Hall. — Niagara formation. V b. 
 
 1^ Cyperaceae seeds are fossilized in the peat bogs in which 
 the curious elastic black mineral dopplerite is found, as at 
 Scranton, Pa. (An. Rt. 1885, p. 649). At Zurich Prof. Heim 
 
175 
 
 Cypr. 
 
 of the Technological University in Switzerland, has a remark- 
 able suite of specimens of this mineral. (J, P. L. 1888.) 
 
 Cypricardella elUptica ? See Microdon ellipticus. XL 
 — Note. MiGrodo7i^GonrddiAM2\ name preoccupied by Agassiz 
 for a genns of fish, 183e3. (S. A. Miller.) 
 
 Cypricardella nucleata. (Hall, Trans. Alb Inst. Vol. 4, 
 X/. _:^ 1856); Geol. Et. Iowa, plate 23, fig. 10 ? 
 
 ,.4t^ 1858 ; Microdon micleaia, Whitfield, Bull. 
 ^^^^ 3, Am. Mus. 1882, plate 7.) Collett's In- 
 i^l:^'^'^^30 diana Rt. of 1882, page 339, plate 30, figs. 
 35, Z^,'' magnified four times^ side and hinge views. (Com- 
 pare Cypricardella ollonga), — Spergen Hill, Ind. etc., in Sul- 
 carboniferous strata, XI. 
 
 Cypricardella oblonga, Hall, (Trans. Alb. Inst. 1856. 
 
 31 
 
 Microdon ohlonga^ Whitfield Bull. 3. Am. Mus. M. II., Cen- 
 tral Park, N. Y., 1882, plate 7.) Collett^s Indiana Kt. 1882, 
 page 340, plate 30, figs. 30, 31, enlarged twice., side and liinge 
 of type specimen, mistaken at first for C. micleata , fig. 32, a 
 cast, showing the spots where the muscles were attached to open 
 and close the shells; fig. 33, an enlarged hinge of an odd shell ; 
 fig. 34, naticral size of an unusually large shell. — Suhcarhonif- 
 erous limestone formation, at Spergen Hill and other places in 
 Indiana. XI. 
 
 Cypricardella 2)licata. See Sargiiinolites plicata. XL 
 
 Cypricardella surelliptica. (Hall, Trans. Albany Inst. 
 Y/ ^'^ '1_^ 29 Vol. 4, 1856); Microdon 
 
 / ''''''M y^r ' '"CA j^>^'^^~%^ suhelliptica.,^Nhit^e\di. 
 # ' ^^1' 'V' /■' i ^^^^f^ Vju\\. 3, 1882. Am. Mus., 
 
 h: '^^::i.:::^ ^30, P^^te 7.) CoUetrs Indi- 
 ana Et. of 1882, page 339, plate 30, figs. 27, 29, enlarged S times., 
 side and hinge ; fig. 28, S times^ another specimen. — Subcaihon- 
 iferons limestone from Spergen Hill, Ind. — XI 
 
 Cypricardia ? in Horner Run conglomerate, Warren 
 
 Co. and at other points in Pennsylvania. Carll's Rt. IIII, p. 
 250, 319 ; III, p. 29.— X, XI 
 
Cypr. 
 
 176 
 
 o 
 
 Cypricardia angusta. See Cypricardites angustus. V a. 
 Cypricardia angustata. Modiomorpha angustata. IX. 
 Cypricardia angustifrons, Modiolopsis modiolaris. II I h. 
 Cypricardia Gontr acta. Cypricardites contractus. VIII g. 
 Cypricardia olsoleta. See Cypricardites obsoletus. F. 
 
 Cypricardia orthonota. ( Unio orthonota.) Hall, Geology 
 
 ^ of the Fourth district of New 
 
 -i^^^^^^ York, 1843, page 48, figs. 6, 8, 
 
 ^ t.j^i^ri^^G ^- ^"^^^^^^ 9, a cast. Medina, IV 1). 
 
 Cypricardia rhomhea, Cypricardites rhombeus. VIII g. 
 
 Cypricardia suhplana. See Edmondia ? subplana. XI 
 
 Cypricardia loheeleri. See Schizodus wheeleri. XIII 
 
 Cypricardia ? found by Emmons in the white friable 
 
 4 shales of Virginia, with OhoUis, Orlicula ex- 
 centrica and lingula striata. Amer. Geol. I, 
 part 2, p. 113, plate 1, fig. 1. — lower Silurian, 
 or Camhrian ? 
 
 Cypricardinia arata. See Appendix. 
 Cypricardinia indenta. (Conrad, Jour. A. N. S. Phil. Vol. 
 I 8, 1842.) Collected by Claypole in Perry Co. at 
 
 ^^^ Barnett's mill and Drumgold's tannery; and in 
 
 ^H^^ Huntingdon county at Mapleton fOOO, spec. 5-29, 
 Lon.vni. pi.fZ. (53^ 55- 99_i6; 201-25), all in Hamilton upper 
 
 shales, VIII c. 
 
 Cypricardinia indianensis. (Hall. Trans. Albany Inst., 
 
 village, 
 
 x/. 
 
 10 
 
 
 Vol. 4, 1856.) Collett's Indiana lit. of 1882, page 342, plate 
 30, fig. 10, magniiied four times,, hinge view; fig. 11, end view 
 to show the unequalness of the two valves; fig. 12 {magnified 
 three times,) hinge view of another specimen; figs. 13, 14, hinge 
 and size views of specimens from another locality. — Suhcar- 
 honiferous limestone ; Spergen Hill, etc., Ind. XI 
 
177 
 
 Cypr. 
 
 Cypricardinia inflata. {NucuUtes inilata,) Emmons, 
 %\\,^^^^ Geology of the Second or Northern district of 
 
 New York, 1842, page 395, fig. 106, 2. A rare 
 species found at Watertown, N. Y., in the 
 Trenton limestone^ the lowest formation in 
 which any of the numerous species of the 
 somewhat allied genus Pterinea exists which 
 
 furnishes so many species to the Palaeozoic 
 
 EJ06^^^^2. formations. (Emmons.) — II c. 
 
 Cypricardinia lamellosa (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 8, 1859, p. 
 
 y\^^^' ^..g^^^^ ^^^' plate 49 A. fig. 1 a, natural size^ lb en- 
 la. i^^} )^% larged three diameters^ Ic^ (another speci- 
 ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ w^s twice the size of this one) ; with 
 y.PMliM.y. iM Pi.49rj, Spirifers, Rhynchonellas & Atrypas, in the 
 Lower Helderlerg shaly limestone^ Albany county, N. Y., FZ 
 — Found in Perry county, Pa., by Olaypole (Report F2, pre- 
 face) in Chemung strata. VIII g. 
 
 Cypricardinia P characterizes a bed (with Orthis^ etc.^) 
 
 in lower Pocono or upper CatsJcill^ at the east mouth of Side- 
 ling hill railroad tunnel, E. Broad Top RR. Huntingdon Co., Pa. 
 (T3, p. 87.)— /XorX 
 
 Cypricardites amygdalinus. {Ambonychia amygdalina. 
 
 tab ifti^ j^^^^^ HalLPal.N. 
 
 Y. Vol. 1, 
 1847, Black 
 river and 
 Tr e n t n 
 group.) Em- 
 mons Am. 
 Geol. I, ii, 
 177,platel3, 
 figs. 20, 21, 
 of a Gast^ 
 with smooth 
 surface and 
 a few ob- 
 scure undu- 
 Em. A. a 1855. IW P'J^ lations. He 
 calls the shell Posidonomya amygdalina^ using Brown's Euro- 
 pean generic name. — II c. 
 12 
 
Cypk. 
 
 178 
 
 Cypricardites angustus, {Cypricardia^ angusta.) Hall 
 
 Geology of the Fourth or Western Dis- 
 trict of N. Y., 1843, page 76, fig. 18, 6. 
 Concentric folds more prominent and 
 /> fewer on front edge. Clinton^ Va, 
 
 Uypricardite^ angmiata. See Modiomorpha angustata. 
 IX. See Amnigenia catskilliensis. VIII f. 
 
 Gypricardites catskilliensis. See Modiomorpha catskil- 
 liensis, IX. See Amn. catskilliensis. VIII f. 
 
 Cypricardites chemungensis. , See Sanguinolites che- 
 mungensis, VIII g. 
 
 Cypricardites contractus ( Cypricardia contracta). Hall, 
 v/» t c. Geology of the Fourth or Western district of N. 
 
 Y., 1843, page 291, fig. 139, 4 (Lower Carbonifer 
 
 __ 0118, Hall; but in reality Upper Chemung). 
 
 ^^^ ^ Abundant in the Panama conglomerate of Western 
 
 New York (Carll, in Rt. Ill, p. 10).— VIII g. 
 
 Gypricardites indenta. Cypricardinia indenta. VIII c. 
 
 Cypricardites inarcellensis. See Lunulicardium marcel- 
 lense. Villi. 
 
 Cypricardites modiolaris. See Modiolopsis nasuta. Illb. 
 
 Cypricardites obsoletus.j {Cypricardia ohsoleta). Hall, 
 V Geology of the Fourth or Western district of New 
 
 York, 1843, page 76, fig, 18, 3. Beak very promi- 
 nent; shell faintly lined, and scarcely striated; 
 Ig-j^^p^- 3 decayed look of the shell, Glhiton. Va. 
 
 Cypricaraites ovata. See Modiolopsis modiolaris, /// J. 
 Cypricardites recurvus. Vanuxem, Geology N. Y., 1842, 
 
 ^^^ 152, fig. 37, 2. 
 VJII.C,^^^^^ ...^^Hk (Conrad, Jour. 
 
 Acad. Nat. Sci. 
 Philada. Vol. 8, 
 1842). This curi- 
 ous looking shell 
 is very charac- 
 
 \i tr^^^^S^^^^^^^^^^^" teristic of the 
 
 VOtlo/. T^^^^Btt^SSK^^ formation; in 
 
 act, in Vanuxem's district it and Orthoceras constrictum and 
 Obicula grandis are found only in the Hamilton. VIII c. 
 
179 
 
 Cypr. 
 
 VIII c 
 
 Cypricardites {Schizodus) rhombeus. {Cypricardia 
 yu^j^iik. rhomhea. Hall, Geol. Fourth dist. N. 
 Y., 1843, page 291, fig. 139, 2, 3, with 
 very prominent beak and smooth 
 shell, found (in company with Eu- 
 Z, 139 iiiiiiii«i'3 omphalus depressus and Cypricar- 
 dia Gontracta) at one single locality, about four miles north of 
 Panama, Chatauqua county, N. Y. [Of course these shells are 
 not Carboniferous nor even Subcarhoniferous^ for the Panama 
 conglomerate is the third oil sand at the top of the Chemung. 
 (Hall, Prelim. Not. Lamell. 1870 ; Oarll, Report III, p. 70 ; the 
 fossil abundant in the Panama conglomerate). Found by Hicks, 
 Spec. 886-2, on Kinzua creek, near west line of McKean Co., 
 Pa., in Upper Chemung. Found in crowds by Claypole (Re- 
 port F2 ; also Proc. A. P. S. Phil. April 6, 1883 ; also Report 
 000, three specimens, 36-7) in the King'^s Mill sandstone of 
 Perry Op., Chemung- Cat skill formation. — VIII-IX. 
 
 Cypricardites saffordi. {Pala3arca saffordi^ Hall, Pal. 
 
 N. Y., Vol. 3, 
 p. 271, fig. 4, 
 interior of 
 right valve , 
 showing hinge 
 teeth, etc. Fig. 
 5, left valve, 
 showing wider 
 ligamental 
 
 Pal.f^.Y.Hf, 
 
 area, front 
 
 teeth less and back teeth more strongly defined than in the 
 other valve, etc., etc. Occurs like Cyp. ventricosa in the Tren- 
 ton limestone strata of Tennessee, and approaches in form the 
 New York species, of which the hinge structure was unknown 
 in 1859. (Hall.)— //<3. 
 
 Cypricardites sinuata. Modiolopsis anodontoides.— ///{^. 
 
 Cypricardites subtruncatus {Edmondia suhtruncata, 
 Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1. Black river and Trenton). 
 Specimens 210-58 (a fair example with margins much broken) ; 
 210-61 (doubtful, two impressions) ; in Fellows' collections of 
 1876, at Bellefonte, from Trenton limestone. — // c. 
 
Oypr 
 
 180 
 
 Cypricardites truncata. Sanguinolites trunc. VIII c. 
 Cypricardites ventricosus. {Edmondia ventricosa,) 
 ItG. . .^UNM^fe. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 
 
 1847. Trenton,) Em- 
 mons Amer. Geol., vol. 
 1, part 2, page 174, plate 
 14, figs. 5 and 6. (For 
 two other smaller fig- 
 
 ^^^^^ ures, see Appendix.) — 
 
 Em.A.G,. i85$r "^IMPpij;;^ See fig. also under old 
 
 name of PaloBarca ventricosa, — Specimens 210-113 (two) ; 210- 
 137 (twenty- one) ; 210-139 (one good example) ; these occur 
 in Fellows' collections in 1876, at Bellefonte, Centre Co., from 
 Trenton limestone ^ II c. 
 
 Cyperus and Carex of several species make the peat 
 bogs. Q4, p. 40, 161. — Recent 
 
 Cypris, or allied ostracoid shells, often abound and are some- 
 times the only fossil seen in the Upper Barren Coal Measure 
 limestones of Greene and Washington counties, Pa. K3, p. 
 306.— XF/,XF//. 
 
 Cyrtia rostrata. See Cyrtina rostrata. VIII 
 
 Cyrtina hamiltonensis {Cyrtia hamiltonensis Hall, 1857. 
 Viira,c.o,. ,. _ nc . 30. 10th An. Rt. ; 
 
 Pal. N. Y., vol. 
 
 4, p. 268, plate 
 J^.PaLN.Y. " Vol. IV. PL44, 44, figs. 26 to 30. 
 
 Schoharie grit^ Cornif. lime and Hamilton,) Claypole's list 
 of fossils in Perry Co., Pa., shows it also in the Chemung \ and 
 Carll's collections from Chemung to Pocono in the northwest 
 have it also. (F2, xiii, xiv). Barnett's Mill, Perry Co., Upper 
 Hamilton shale (000, 5-61). — Between Newport and Baileys- 
 burg (29-2, four) ; 2^ m. N. of Liverpool (37-6, 9) ; near New 
 Bloomfield (89-3, 4) ; road to Carlisle (53-22, 25) ; all in Che- 
 mung, Junkins' farm, Catskill- Chemung (57-27, 30, 31, 33, 
 45, 46, 47, 48, 53). In Montour Co., opposite Bloomsburg, in 
 Chemung (68-20, 48, a 5, 29, 48).— Perry Co., Drumgold's tan- 
 nery, Hamilton upper shales (99-37) ; Rambo's, Hamil- 
 ton SS (107-1) ; E. of Montebello narrows, in Chemung (144- 
 2).— In Centre Co.,' in Chemung, (T 4, ^ZZ,)—VIIIc,,g, 
 Cyrtina rostrata. {Cyrtia rostrata,) See Appendix. 
 
181 
 
 Oyrt 
 
 E.IOI. A- 
 
 Cyrtina triplicata, new species, Simpson and J. Hall, Proc. 
 A. P. S. Phila. Dec. 1888, founded on a fine specimen, 9476, in 
 Randall's collections at Warren, Pa. from Chemung strata. 
 VIII g. See Figure and Description in Appendix. 
 
 Cyrtoceras expansus. See Appendix. 
 
 Cyrtoceras filosum. (See Cyrtolites Mosus. Conrad) 
 
 ll.l:?.^_,TrmTrriT77]7/r/7777Tr.^ p.311 Emmons' Geology of the 
 
 Second District of the State 
 of New York (north and 
 east of the Hudson river, 
 including the Adirondack 
 and Taconic regions) 1842, 
 page 392, fig. 101, 4, a 
 unique specimen from the 
 Trenton limestone^ its sur- 
 face finely and thickly cov- 
 ered with lines arched on 
 its back. — // c. 
 Cyrtoceras tremtonense. {Orthoceratites trentmiensis.) 
 
 Emmons, page b96, fig. lOY, 2. Trenton 
 formation. — Collected by C. E. Hall^ 
 from Trenton limestone strata in Nit- 
 tany Valley ,^^Huntingdon Co., along the 
 Little Juniata river. (Proc. Amer. Phib 
 Soc. Phila. Jan. 5, 1876.)—// c. 
 Cyrtoceras undulatum. {Oyroceras? undulatum.) Hall, 
 
 Vanuxem, page 139, 
 fig. 33, 2. VII, Scho- 
 harie grit (but not so 
 abundant in this for 
 mation in western New 
 York as further east.) 
 See Hall's Illustrations 
 of Devonian fossils. 
 Found by I. C. White 
 in Monroe Co. on Mc- 
 Michael's creek on the 
 Stroudsburg and Water 
 Gap road, and at other 
 places along the Corniferous outcrops. (G6, 121.) — VIII a. 
 
Cyrt. 
 
 182 
 
 Cyrtoceras ? Found by Stevenson in the Suhconglom 
 
 erate strata on the anticlinals in the gaps of Westmoreland 
 and Fayette Cos., Pa. (KKK, p. 311.)— X 
 
 Cyrtoceras ? Found by Stevenson in the richly fossilif- 
 
 erous Lower Helderherg strata at Mann's quarry, Monroe town- 
 ship, Bedford Co., Pa. (T2, p. 187) .— VL 
 
 Cyrtolites biloba. See Bellerophon bilobatus. // c. 
 
 Cyrtolites compressus. {Phragmolites compressus^ 
 He. ^^^^ 10 J^ a ' Conrad's Annual Rt., N. Y., of 
 
 1838. Black River and Trent.), 
 Emmons, Amer. Geol. I,ii, 167, 
 plate 12, figs. 10, a, b; flat; 
 whorls slightly compressed and 
 
 P^Q, ms^^^^^^^Mf ^ disjointed ; back sharply keeled, 
 
 with sharp zigzag plates "which 
 only penetrate through the shell." — Irenton limestone iorva-di- 
 tion. lie. 
 
 Cyrtolites expansus. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Yol. 3, 1859, 
 page 479, plate 94, Fig. 4,5 ; shell obliquely depressed-conical ; 
 apex incurved, but making scarcely or no more than a single 
 volution, very rapidly expanding from the apex; aperture 
 nearly circular; surface marked by faint transverse ridges, and 
 finer longitudinal striae. Only two specimens seen by J. Hall, 
 from Albany and Schonarie Cos., N. Y., in the Orislcany, — 
 Specimens (00, p. 235) 702-8 (two) and 703-13, from Royer 
 ridge, Orbisonia, Huntingdon Co. — VII. 
 
 Cyrtolites Mosus. See Cyrtoceras filosum. II c. 
 Cyrtolites ornatus. Rogers, page 821, fig. 619. — Vanuxem 
 
 page 65, 
 
 fig. 9, 2.— 
 
 Emmons, 
 
 page 402, 
 
 fig. Ill, 2. 
 
 — Owens' 
 
 Wise. Iowa 
 
 and Minn. 
 
 (1852) 
 
 plate 2B, fig. 1, from the lead bearing beds on the Mississippi 
 3 m. above Fort Snelling. — Trenton limestone II o. 
 
183 
 
 Cyrt. 
 
 Cyrtolites {Cryptonella) pileolus Hall, 15tli An. Kt. 1862, 
 
 plate 6, fig. 10, 11 ; Pal. N. Y. 
 ^^ Vol. 5, part 2, plate 25, figs. 21, 
 'l^-^- 22. Hamilton, — In Pennsylvania 
 p\ it was recognized by Claypole in 
 Perry county (report F2, on Perry 
 county, preface, p. 14) m Hamil- 
 ton strata. VIII c, 
 
 Cyrtolites sinuosus. See Appendix. — Vh, 
 Cyrtolites subcarinatus. (Not recognized by S. A. Mel- 
 
 ler as an American species) Emmons' 
 Amer. Geol. Vol. 1, part 2, 1855, page 
 167, plate 6, figs. 25, 26 ; ''Somewhat 
 patelliform ; compressed, or sub-an- 
 ^ gular toward the base ; apex incurved ; 
 Em A.G.i855^ Fib hjoui-j^ widely expanded."— 77^. 
 
 Cyrtolites trentouensis. (Conrad, Journal Acad. Nat. Sci. 
 Phila. Vol. 8, 1842, Trenton.) Emmons' Amer. 
 Geol. I, ii, page 167, plate 5, fig. 22 ; curvature 
 somewhat variable, from a short curve to nearly 
 a circle, as in fig. 38, for which see Appendix. 
 Section across the shell triangular; shell quite 
 thick. — Collected in Pennsylvania by C. E. Hall, (Ms. Rt. Dec. 
 30, 1876).— 77(?. 
 
 Cystidea ; free crinoids, without stems and arms, and like 
 sea urchins now living ; found in the sebond 200' of Randall's 
 section at Warren, Pa., under the First Mountain Sand of the 
 Venango Oil region, i. e., in Pocono (Waverly, sub-carbonifer- 
 ous) strata. (CarlPs Rt. I, p. 53.) — X. 
 
 Cystiphyllum americannum. Hall, Geology of the 
 
 V(/l c .sHiite.. Fourth or Western Dis- 
 
 V rri ' .«^ tj.i(,^ Qf ^^^ York, 1843. 
 
 page 209, fig. 87, 2, 
 Hamilton formation. 
 (Edwards and Haine, 
 Monogr. Pal. Foss. 1851. 
 Not Lonsdale's Cysti- 
 phyllum cylindricum of 
 England.)— F77/'(?. 
 
 rm.A.GlF55 
 
 Hall -SI. 1 
 
n 
 
 Cyst. 
 
 184 
 
 Cystiphyllum americanum continued. A good example 
 
 CrCO Sfu! ^f the species is given in Win- 
 chell's Geological studies, 1886^ 
 page 214, fig. 134; upper end 
 of a large specimen of this com- 
 mon coral of the Hamilton 
 form ation . VIII c. 
 
 Note. The preceding figure 
 was given by Professor Hall 
 together with the figure next 
 following and under the same 
 name of (7. cylindricum^ in his 
 volume of 1843. 
 
 Cystiphyllum cylindricum (with the bases of crinoidal 
 
 Hall. ST.!. 
 
 columns or stone-lily stems growing upon it.) Hall, Geology 
 of Western New York, 1843, page 209, fig. 87, 1. Cylindri- 
 cal; straight or curved; outside very rough and striated; 
 inside wholly vesicular. Hamilton formation. (See Lonsdale 
 Sil. Res., p. 691, XVI, bis. figs. 3, 3a, 3b.) VIII c. 
 Cystiphyllum granilineatum. (Hall, 25th An. Rt. N. T. 
 
 Mus.1882.) Collet's Indi- 
 ana Rt. 1882, page 274, 
 plate 15, fig. 13, side view 
 of an imperfect specimen, 
 and plate 23, fig. 13, its 
 
 ^,„„ ..,.__^ cup (calyx.) Has a close 
 
 Jn^C'^^^^^SZ.P/. Z3 ^nwcfff. 15. general resemblance to the 
 shorter specimens of (7. niagarense^ but its lamellae and denti- 
 culations are much finer. — Louisville, Ky. Niagara, V 5. 
 
185 
 
 Cyst. 
 
 Cystiphyllum latiradium. Hall, 35th An. Rt. N. Y. Mus. 
 
 ind. l^i 
 
 1882.) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 1882, page 304, plate 28, figs. 
 
 3, 4. Grows and looks (near its edge) like a Chonophyllum. — 
 
 Corniferous limestone. Falls of the Ohio. VIII a. 
 
 Cystiphyllum niagarense. Compare Cyst, granilineatum 
 
 of the Corniferous^ above. — Vh. 
 Cystiphyllum cystalatum. (Hall, 1882, Foss. Corals of 
 
 Niagara and 
 U. Helder- 
 berg, p. 58) 
 Collett's In- 
 diana report 
 of 1882,page 
 262, plate 9, 
 figs. 3, 'side 
 view, natur- 
 al size ; fig. 
 4, cross sec- 
 tion; fig. 5 
 long section, 
 (perhaps of 
 a different 
 species,) 
 Van Clove's 
 drawinfijs. — 
 C orniferous 
 
 limestone^ at the Falls of the Ohio river. VIII a. 
 
 
 mi 
 
Oast. 
 
 186 
 
 Cystiphyllum sulcatum. Compare Coleophyllum pyri- 
 forme. Villa. 
 
 Cystiphyllum vesiculosum. (Goldfuss.) A widely dis- 
 
 tri bu te d 
 species on 
 both sides 
 of the Atlan- 
 tic. (Nich- 
 olson. Pal. 
 of Ontario, 
 1874, p. 37.) 
 CoUett's In- 
 diana Re- 
 port of 1881, 
 page 391, 
 plate 55, 
 ... ^^ figs. 1,2, two 
 ■^l.DD. specimens 
 with much of their skin (epitheca) dissolved, drawn by Van 
 Oleve. — Form very variable; but sack or little bladder-like 
 interior structure always well marked. Characteristic of the 
 Devonian rochs. VIII, 
 
 Cystiphyllum ? in the Genesee coral led (No. 8) of the 
 
 section at Mapleton, Huntingdon Co. (T3, 273)— F/// 6. 
 
 Cystiphyllum. ? in the Hamilton upper shale coral bed, 
 
 120' beneath what is supposed by I. C. White to be Tully 
 limestone, in the Cove station section, in Huntingdon Co., Pa. 
 (T3, p. 107)-^ VIII G, 
 
 Cythere ? See figures, natural size and magniHed^ under 
 
 Leperditia okeni. XL 
 
 Cythere and Gytherina carhonaria. See Leperditia car- 
 bonaria, XL 
 
 Cytherellina glandella. (Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. 
 Xj, ^-^ 29 . N. H. 1882) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 
 
 Cl ^;^'^^^^ "^^^^' ^^^^^ 32, figs. 28, "2.^, greatly en- 
 ]^^^^^^^^2., 3Z l^K^ed. Subcarboniferous limestone 
 
 (Warsaw) formation, VI. 
 
 Gytherina alta. See Leperditia alta. VI 
 
187 
 
 Oyth. 
 
 , Em.A.G. 
 
 d 1855 
 
 Cytherina crenulata. Emmons' American Geology, Vol. 
 1, part 2, page 220, woodcut fig. 75, d, c, greatly 
 magni-fied (see the little oval between the figures) 
 representing the hinge or dorsal side. Valves 
 extended back, and forming apparently a 
 groove. — Irenton limestone formation at Mid- 
 dleville, eastern New York. //. c. 
 
 Cytheri7ia fabulites. See Leperditia fabulites. IIL I. 
 
 Cytherina pennsylvanica. See Leperditia pennsylvanica, 
 and Beyrichia pennsylvanica. Rogers, page 
 823, fig. 699 V a. — The figures here given are 
 Rupert Jones' Lep. gihhera^ var. scalaris^ found 
 R.^9a. in black Salina shale. V c. 
 
 Cytherina pusilla. Ireland. Compare Leperditia car- 
 bonaria. XL 
 
 Cytherina and other fossils in the Lower Silurian limestones 
 of Nittany Valley in H. D. Rogers' Bellefonte section, Centre 
 Co., Pa. (1,56.)—//. 
 
 Dadoxylon serpens. See Cordaites serpens. XLLL. 
 
 Balmania. See Dalmanites. 
 
 Dalmanites (Odontocheile) aegeria {Dalmania wgeria 
 Hall, 15th An. Rt. 1861, Upper Helderberg, VLLL a.) Col- 
 lected in Pennsylvania by C. E. Hall, from Marcellus and 
 Genesee. (Ms. Rt. Dec. 30, 1876)— F///5, e. 
 
 Dalmanites bicornis. See Appendix. — Vh. 
 
 Dalmanites boothii ( Cryphmus loothi., Green, 1837, Jour. 
 Acad. Nat. Sc, Vol. 7, LLamilton.) Two specimens, 801-25 
 (00, p. 235) collections of H. M. Chance, on Marshall's creek, 
 Monroe Co.; 804-42 (head and tail) ; 804-73 (four specimens) ; 
 804-74 (four tails) ; 804-75 (one body) ; all in the collections 
 on Marshall's creek, in LLamilton shale^ VLLl c. 
 Dalmanites eallicephalus. {Phacops callicephalus Hall, 
 
 rff5~Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, 1847.) Tren- 
 ton) Emmons' Am. Geo., Vol. 1, 
 ii, page 214, plate 15, figs, la, J, 
 {?; 14 or 15 rings in the body 
 
 lobe, and 9 in the side lobes, ending in a smooth border ; 7 a 
 the head of this beautiful trilobite ; 7 c one of its eyes highly 
 magnified. — Trenton formation, LL c. 
 
Dalm. 
 
 188 
 
 Dalmanites calliteles. ( Cryphceus calliteles) Hall, page 
 200, fig. 80, 2. Hamilton formation. (Green, 
 Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Boston, 1837) — Clay- 
 pole, Keport F2, xiv; also 000, 1888, collec- 
 tions in Perry Co., Pa. (Spec. 2-2), five spec, from 
 Comp's mill, 2| m. S. E. of New Bloomfield ; (5- 
 8,47, 135) nineteen from Barnett's mills; (77 
 d-14:, 99-13, 14) five from Drumgold's tannery; 
 110-25, two from Brickfield, 1 m. S. W. of N. B. ; 
 (118-10, 12, 13) three from N. end of Dorran's narrows, all from 
 Hamilton upper shales. — Also, Huntingdon Oo. near Grafton 
 (214-5) one, from 50' below top of Hamilton, and at Hunting- 
 don and Mapleton. (See T3, p. 109) — In the Montour region 
 White found it 100' below top of Hamilton (G7, p. 76, 229.) 
 Also in Tully limestone^ Little Fishing creek section (p. 75) ; 
 in Madison, Columbia Co. (p. 207, 229) ; Liberty, Montour Co. 
 (p. 310) ; near Northumberland (p. 339) ; and at South Dan- 
 ville (p. 352).— Specimen 804-94 and 804-99 (00, p. 235) in 
 Marshall's creek collections, Monroe Co., la. — VIII c, d. 
 
 Dalmanites dentatus, ^Barrett, Amer. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 
 Vol. XI, 1876, Lower Helderberg ; found by him in the Dela- 
 ware river outcrops. Pike Co., Pa., and Port Jervis, N. Y. (G6- 
 p. 132). — VI See Appendix. 
 Dalmanites limulurus {Asaphus limuhirus. Green,) 
 
 Hall, page 101, 
 figs. 31, 1; 31,2. 
 Niagara forma- 
 tion, Yh. (The 
 head is found 
 separately and 
 very abundantly 
 in western New 
 York. )7— Possibly Murchison's Asaphus 
 longicandatus. Hall, 1843.) — In Penn- 
 sylvania collected at Orbisonia, Hunt- 
 ingdon Co., in limestone layers, in 133' 
 shale, over Clinton fossil ore bed. (T3, p. 
 141.) — By Stevenson, atDunning's Nar- 
 rows, Bedford Co., in yellow shales over 
 Old Weaverling tunnel fossil ore bed. (T2, 150.) — Va. 
 
 Xr* 
 
189 Dalm. 
 
 Specimens in the cabinet. (00, p. 233) examined by G. B. 
 Simpson, 1888 : — From shale roof of Clinton ore led, McKee's 
 mine, Mifflin Co., 501-5 (very good cast of head) ; 501-9 ; 501- 
 11 (two); 501-26,impressionof eye (b); 501-33 (three) ; 501- 
 38 (tail) ; from the same outcrop, 502-3 (casts of frag- 
 ments) ; 502-13 (cast of tail); 502-14 (a good head); 502-22 
 (fragment of head) ; 502-27 (a very small tail); 502-29 (cast 
 
 of a tail) ; 502-38 (tail) ; from ore bed roof at Orbisonia, 
 
 504-3 (a fairly good tail); 504-6 (cast of tail); at Mc- 
 Kee's bank; 505-2 (two good tails) ; 505-3 (perfect impression 
 of head); 505-6; 505-15 (good head); 505-lT (head perfect 
 except the eyes) ; 505-18 (head, fair) ; 505-22 (head, good) ; 
 
 505-26 (bit of tail) ; 27, ditto; 505-29, h; at Bell's Mills, 
 
 506-18; 506-24 (tail) ; at Matilda Furnace, 507-10 (bit of 
 
 tail); 507-11; 507-14 (body & tail); 507-26. h; and at 
 
 Orbisonia, 508-13 (fragment of check) ; 508-11 ; all from 
 
 the Clinton ore shales, Va, 
 
 Dalmanites micrurus (Asaphus micrurus), Green, Mono- 
 graph Trilobites, 1832, Lower Helderberg). — Specimen 702-12 
 (00, p. 235). Collected by C. E. Hall, in Huntingdon Co. Pa. 
 at Orbisonia, end of Eoyer's ridge and end of Sandy ridge, and 
 at Three Springs, in ER. cut. — OrisTtany SS. YII, 
 
 Dalmanites myrecophorus ? {Asaphus myrecophorus^ 
 Green, Mon. Tril., 1832, Upper Helderberg). Specimens 18-12, 
 in Cat. 000, 1888, collected by Claypole, in Perry Co., Pa., 
 near the house of the Misses Barnett, in New Bloomfield, in 
 what he calls Marcellus limestone, which I consider Upper 
 Helderherg. J. P. L. — VIII a^ 
 
 Dalmanites nasutus {Asaphus nasutus, Conrad, An. Rt. 
 N. Y., 1841), or else— 
 
 Dalmanites plenropteryx {Asaphus pleuropteryx, 
 Green, Mon. Tril., 1831). Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. Ill, p. 359, 
 woodcut lig., 3f. — In Pennsylvania, Perry Co., Claypole's col- 
 lections, specimens 11-5 from the Lower Helderberg chert 
 beds, and 187-3 from the same, 3 m. E. of Ickesburg; also in 
 Pike Co., at Port Jervis, by Dr. Barrett, in the L. Held. Storm- 
 mile shales (G6, p. 132, 134).— FZ— Specimens 606-13 (three 
 in number) from Hogback, Walpack Bend, Pike Co, Fellows' 
 Coll., 1876 (00, p. 2Z4:)—Orislcany sandstone, VII 
 
 l^ote. For -figures see page 190. 
 
Dbnd. 
 
 190 
 
 Dalmanites pleuropteryx. Seepage 189, 
 
 HqW, 1859 
 
 Dalmanites selenurus {Asaphus selenurus, Eaton ; Odon- 
 
 tocephalus selenurus. Conrad). Hall? 
 Geology of New York, 1843, page 
 175, fig. 70, 1. Vanuxem, Geology 
 of New York, 1842, page 139, fig. 33, 
 1. Corniferous formation. (Eaton's 
 Geol. Text Book, 1832.) More abund- 
 ant in Middle than in Western New 
 York. Hall says the lower half of 
 the body and the tail are of especially 
 frequent occurrence. The heads and 
 tails are so universally found separate 
 that Vanuxum specifies a case of find- 
 ing one entire animal ; before which 
 the heads and tails were thought to 
 belong to district tribolites, head to 
 Calymene^ tail to Asaphus, 
 
191 
 
 Dalm. 
 
 Dalmanites verrucosus. (Hall, 1863, Trans. Alb. Inst, 
 
 Vol. 4.) Collet's Indiana Rt./ 1881, page 341, plate 35, fig. 7, 
 back of a large individual, well marked ; fig. 9, front view of 
 another nearly perfectvhead, somewhat larger than the aver- 
 age, showing the suture on the left cheek ; fig. 10, side view, 
 showing the extension of the suture backward. Heads com- 
 mon; bodies mostly; in scattered fragments, in the Niagara 
 limestone^ Vh. — Note. For other figures, 5-17, see the Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Dalmanites vigilans. See Appendix. 
 
 Dalmanites ? Collected by 0. E. Hall at Marshall's 
 
 Falls, Monroe Co. Pa. Proc. A. P. S., Jan. 15, 1876.— VIIL 
 
 Dalmanites ? A fragment, seen by I. C. White, in 
 
 Clinton lower shales. Point township, Northumberland Co. Pa. 
 G7, p. 341.— F«. 
 
 Dalmanites ? a fragment, seen by I. C. White, in 
 
 Lower Helderberg strata. Centre township, Columbia Co. Pa. 
 G7, p. 261.— FZ 
 
 Dalmanites ? Specimens 40-12, ten in number, got 
 
 by Claypole at Slipping rocks, west of Mexico P. O. on Pa. RR. 
 Perry Co., Pa., in Marcellus {Corniferous !) — VIII a., h. 
 
 Dalmanites ? in Clinton limeshales over County 
 
 Farm fossil ore bank, Bedford Co., Pa. Stevenson, T2, p. 140. 
 Also in shale in ore bed, Wolfsburg, p. 144. — Va, 
 
Deer. 192 
 
 Beer, fossil. See Cariacus dolichopsis. 
 Delthyris acanthoptera. See Spirifera disjuncta. VIII g, 
 Delthyris acuminata. See Spirifera acuminata. VIII g. 
 Delthyris arenosa. See Spirifera arenosa. VII. 
 Delthyris hrachinota. See Spirifera brachinota. V a, 
 Delthyris cardiospermitormis of Hisinger & Dalman. See 
 
 Delthyris complicata. 
 
 Delthyris congesta. See Spirifera congesta. VIII c. 
 Delthyris cuspidata. See Spirifera disjuncta. VIII g. 
 Delthyris crispa of Hisinger & Dalman, p. 122, III, fig. 6. 
 See Delthyris staminia^ and Spirifera staminea. Vh. 
 Delthyris deoemplicata. See Spirifer decemplicata. Vb. 
 Delthyris disjuncta. See Spirifera disjuncta. VIII g. 
 Delthyris duodenaria. See Spirifera duodenaria. Villa. 
 Delthyris expansus. See Pterotheca expansa. // b. 
 Delthyris Umbriata. See Spirifera fimbriata. VIII c. 
 Delthyris granulifera. See Spirifera granulifera. VIIIc. 
 Delthyris inermis. See Spirii3ra disjuncta. VIII g. 
 Delthyris Iwvis. See Spirifera Isevis. VIII f. 
 Delthyris lynx. See Orthis lynx. (Eogers, pp. 820). Va. 
 Delthyris macropleura. See Spirifera macropleura. VI 
 Delthyris medialis. See Spirifera medialis. VIII c. 
 Delthyris rnesacostalis. Spirifera mesacostalis. VIII g. 
 Delthyris mesastrialis. See Spirifer mesastrialis. VIII g. 
 Delthyris mucronatus. See Spirifera mucronata. VIII c 
 Delthyris niagarensis. See Spirifera niagarensis. Vb. 
 Delthyris prolata. See Spirifera prolata. VIII g. 
 Delthyris radiatus. See Spirifera radiata. Vb. 
 Delthyris sculptilis. See Spirifera sculptilis. VIII c. 
 Delthyris sinuatus. See Spirifera decemplicata. V b. 
 Delthyris staminea See Spirifera Staminea. Vb. 
 
 Deltodus ? (See the fishes of Illinois by Newberry, in 
 
 Geol. 111. Vol. 2, 1866, Vol. 4, 1870, for figs, of twelve species.) 
 Kecognized by Stevenson in Crinoidal limestone., Pittsburgh 
 series (Barren coal measures,) Fayette Co., Pa. (L, p. 36). — 
 XIV — Also in Decker^ s Or. shale., under Mahoning sandstone, 
 at Morgantown, W. Va. (L, p. S7)—XIII 
 
193 
 
 Delt. 
 
 
 Deltoptichius wachsmuthi. St. John & Worthen, in II- 
 
 V I f/ u , '^.^^ "~'~~ ^ - /r ' f I linois Reports. 
 
 )(l-<(eaffL^^te. //r/.^4..-. fitters hand- 
 
 buch,VoI.3,page 
 70, fig. 64.— Sub- 
 ■f, 6U, carboniferous 
 {Keokuk) lime- 
 stone formation. {Trough creek limestone.) XI. 
 
 Dendrerpeton acadianum. Owen, Quar. J. Geol. Soc. 
 
 32 1853, Vol. 9; Daw- 
 son's Acadian Geo- 
 logy, 1868, p. 189, 
 fig. 32, the jaw of a 
 small lizard {erpi- 
 ton) found in one of 
 the Oalamite tree 
 stumps {dendron) in the cliffs of the Bay of Fundy (subdi- 
 vision XV of Logan's section of the coal measures of the Jog- 
 gins) by Lyell & Dawson in 1852; with two other small rep- 
 tiles, Hylonomus and Hylerpeton, land shells, etc. ; the first 
 reptilian remains ever found in rocks so old as the coal- 
 measures. — The footprints of this or similiar reptile were first 
 
 found 
 
 39. 
 
 Dawson . Acad. Geo/ 
 
 Daw. Ac 
 
 p. 356, 
 
 abstract 
 of his 
 paper 
 
 in Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 1842), two years before Von Deck- 
 13 
 
Dej^d. 
 
 194 
 
 en's discovery of reptile bones at Saarbruck in Europe (1844), 
 and Dr. King's discovery of footprints in Westmoreland Co., 
 Pa. (1844); the original slab is still unpublished in the Logan 
 collection, Museum of the Canada Survey. More footprints were 
 found in 1844 near Tatamagonche, eastern Nova Scotia, in Up- 
 per Coal measures, with worm burrows, rain drops and sun- 
 cracks ; one kind made by clawed feet, the other flat-footed. 
 Then Dr. Harding, of Windsor, found the tracks here figured, 
 on a slab from Parrsboro', now in King's College Museum ; 
 Lower Carboniferous?; ripple marked; in which Mr. Jones 
 afterwards found larger Sauropus tracks. Dr. Brown, of Sydney, 
 then found a fine slab (now in McGill Coll. Mus. Montreal) 
 having tracks of a large animal, with a foot three inches wide, 
 short and broad, with five toes. See Sauropus sydnensis^ 
 (Dawson's Ac. Geol. p. 356, f. 189).— The head and various 
 
 14-2 
 
 
 
 Dawson . Ac. G 
 
 p. 364 
 
195 
 
 Dend. 
 
 f. 143. 
 
 parts of the skeleton are given in fig. 142, page 364. from Lyell 
 and Dawson's joint paper in Jour. Geol. Soc. London, Vols. 9 
 and 10, on " The remains of a reptile and land shell discovered 
 in the interior of an erect tree, etc.," and Dawson's paper on 
 '* The Coal measures of the South Joggins." 
 
 Dendrerpeton oweni. Dawson, Acadian Geology, 1868, 
 
 p. 369, 
 
 f. 143, a 
 small 
 r e p t ile 
 found in 
 one of 
 
 the 
 erect 
 trees 
 ( Oala- 
 mite s) 
 of the 
 Nova 
 Scotia 
 Coal 
 M e as - 
 ures, S. 
 Joggins 
 section ; 
 perhaps 
 
 the 
 young 
 
 pawson. Acad: Geo 
 
 of Den. acadianuf/i^ but more probably a smaller species, be- 
 cause teeth as small as these have been found quite different 
 from them, and quite like the large teeth of Den. acadianum. 
 Fig. 143 e is very interesting as a somewhat enlarged picture 
 ot the group of bones in the most perfect foot of one of these 
 creatures ever found (1868), the pointed toe-nails of which 
 would undoubtedly have made mud tracks like those shown 
 under Dend. acadianum. 
 
 Dendrites, a mineral (Manganesian) precipitation in cracks 
 and between layers of sandstone ; mistaken for plants ; occurs 
 in all formations; e. g. on limestone at the Cornwall ore 
 
Dend. 196 
 
 bank, Lebanon Co., Pa. (O, p. 187, spec. 4056.) II g.—Lowqv 
 Held, limestone bed, 19, Dunnings Narrows, Juniata river gap, 
 Bedford Co. (T, p. 192,) VI ; — In Pocono sandstone at Mauch 
 Chunk and a thousand other localities. X, XI 
 
 Dendrocrinus ancilla. F5. See Appendix, 
 
 Dendrograptus novellus. VI. See Appendix, 
 
 Dendrophycus desorii. Lesq. {Besmarestia, Rogers, 
 pages 830, 884, plate 23.) Found at Mauch Chunk, Pa., in the 
 top beds of the Red shale formation (No. XI) or in the bottom 
 beds of the Conglomerate (No. XII), fifty years ago, and after- 
 wards abundantly in the Susquehanna gap above Pittston, and 
 lately (1884) discovered in "splendid specimens" in a clay 
 dyke traversing Corniferous limestone beds (For. VIII a) at 
 Davenport, Iowa. A type of seaweed far more highly developed 
 than any of the more ancient algae. Lesq. Coal Flora, Vol. 3, 
 1884, p. 700, pi. 88, fig. 1.— Prof. Balfour's letter to Prof. Rogers, 
 in Geol. Pa., 1858, suggested its affinity to Desmarestia ; which 
 Lesquereux does not accept, preferring the strong, rooting, 
 horizontal CaulerpcB, or Syphonacece. — Dawson says that it is 
 probably not a plant at all, but a fossil cast of the rill-marks 
 which little waves make in retreating to the edge of the shore ; 
 and he includes the Aristophycus,, Clcephycus^ and Zygophycus 
 of Miller & Dyer from the Lower Silurian. See Geol. Hist, of 
 Plants, 1888, p. 33.— Reported by White (G7, p. 60) in bed 28, 
 of Catawissa section, Catskill strata; in bed 21 and 32 of the 
 Coxton section along the river above Pittston (G7, p. 61). — 
 CatsMll IX.— For Hgure see page 197. 
 
 Dentalina priscilla. Dawson, Acadian Geology, 1868, 
 
 page 285, fig. 82, natural size? 
 and also magnified six tim.es ; 
 a little shell very abundant on 
 the surfaces of bed 5 of the 
 Lower Carboniferous limestone 
 ccco 1868. p. 285. of Wludsor, N. S. — XI 
 
 Desmarestia. Se Dendrophycus desorii. XI 
 
 Desmidiacese, and Diatomacese, perhaps took part in the 
 production of petroleum. (Rt. I, p. 107.) 
 
197 
 
 Dend. 
 
 H.D.RJQS^ 
 
Dice. 
 
 198 
 
 Dicellocephalus hartii. See on page 199. 
 Dicellocephalus minnesotensis. Owen. Geol. Wis. Iowa 
 
 
 ^, 
 
 »>«' 
 
 
 >^>' 
 
 .^ 
 
 \ 
 
 Ow. D. m. 
 
 y 
 
 and Minn. 1852, pi. 1, fig, 1, to sl.ow form and size ; pi. 2, fig. 
 1, to show embedment in a hand specimen, "fifth trilobite 
 bed," St. Croix river, Stillwater, Minn. — Potsdam^ I. 
 
199 
 
 Dice. 
 
 Dicellocephalus Hartti. Walcott. 
 
 Potsdam fauna of 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y. 
 1888, fig. 2 and 2 a. 
 See Bull. 30, U. S. 
 G.S.,page62. Con- 
 fined to the Upper 
 Cambrian ( P o t s - 
 dam) formation, at 
 Saratoga, N. Y. To 
 be looked for in 
 Pennsylvania along 
 the north side of the 
 South Mounta ins, 
 and along the North 
 and South Valley 
 Hill ranges east and 
 west of Chester 
 county. — /. 
 
 DicelloGephalus ? 
 marcoui. See Olen- 
 oides ? marcoui. 
 Lower Cambrian. 
 
 Dicellocephalus minnesotensis. See on page 198. 
 
 Dicolomus crassa. See Obolella crassa. Low. Camb, 
 
 Dicranophyllum dichotomum. Lesq. Coal Flora, 1880 
 p. 553, p]. 87, figs. 9, 9a (bound between folios 560 and 561 ;) a 
 most remarkable brush like plant found by Mr. Mansfield in the 
 roof of his Darlington (Kittanning) coal bed at Cannelton, 
 Beaver Co., Pa. See Appendix. 
 
 Dicranophylluni dimorphum, is another species from the 
 same coal bed, figured by Lesq. in Coal Flora, p. 554, pi 83, 
 figs. 1, 2, 3. The genus, established by Grand'Eury, is allied 
 to Cordaites. Lesq. p. 555. — Specimen (C, 4-7) in White's col- 
 lections (00, p. 239) on Muddy Creek, Greene Co., Pa., from 
 roof shale of Waynesburg CoaL — XV. 
 
 Dictyophyton fenestratum. Hall, 16th An. Rt. 1863, 
 Chemung; collected by Carll from Upper Chemung in the Oil 
 Region. C. E. Hall's Ms. Rt. Dec. 30, 1876.— VLIL-LX. 
 
DiCT. 
 
 200 
 
 Dictyophytonprismaticum (figs. 2, 3, 4 like D. conradi) : 
 
 ^ifM^y/^'^^^-:;:i»:Tm!!«ff~r!^t^i^'^. 
 
 and D. tuberosum (fig. 7.) selected from a range of forms 
 given by Hall in the 35th An. Kt. N- Y. State Museum, 1884, 
 plate (17) 18, figs. 1 to 8, showing how all the forms of this 
 ancient sponge are naturally developed from Cyathophycus 
 reticulatiis of Walcott. — Abundant at many places in northern 
 Pennsylvania and southern N Y. in Chemung^ VIII g. 
 
 Dictyophytum ramosum. Lesquereux. Additions and 
 Corrections to Coal Flora, 1884, page 827. Possibly a variety 
 of Dictyophyton tuberosum^ Hall, 16th An. Rt. 1863, page 90, 
 plate 3, fig. 1 ; none of the tubercles of which are prolonged as 
 branches; but Lesquereux's specimens have them so pro- 
 longed and inflated into half round knots at the apex. The 
 ribboning of the stems and branches are parallel and distinct. 
 Charleston, Tioga Co., Pa. VIII-IX, See Appendix. 
 
 Dictyophptum redfieldi. Collected by Carll in Oil 
 Region. (C. E. Hall's Ms. Rt. Dec. 30, 1876)— FZ/7-7X 
 
 Dictyophytum tuberosum (Hall). See D. ramosum. Col- 
 lected by Carll (C. E. Hall's Ms. Rt. 1876).— YIII-IX, 
 
 Dictyophyta abound in F and H of Randall's section at 
 Warren, Pa., above and below the Sub-olean. — X XI 
 
201 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 Dictyophytum 
 
 ? New species. C. E. Hall, Ms. Rt. on 
 
 Carll's collections of 1875. See Cat. of Specimens O, p. 148, 
 3314, in argill. SS. from Nelson farm, 3 m. N. W. of Pleasant- 
 ville, Venango Co., Pa. — Bedford shale. /X.^ — Spec. 856-7, a 
 fragment two inches long, is in Sherwood's coll. at Mixtown, 
 Tioga Co. (00, p. 236) from upper Chemung^ VIII g, 
 
 Dictyopteris obliqua. (Bunbury, Coal Formation of Cape 
 
 Breton, Q. J. G. 8. 
 Vol. 3, plate 22, 2 ; 
 Lesquereux, G e o 1 . 
 Penn., 1858, page 861, 
 plate 8, fig. 6 ; Geol. 
 Rt. Arkansas, plate 
 5, fig. 10 ; Report P, 
 Coal Flora of Penn, 
 and U. S., 1880, p. 
 146, plate 23, figs. 4 
 to 6). Collett's In- 
 diana Rt., 1883, page 55, plate 11, fig. 
 3. — XIII Coal measures ; remarkable 
 for its great range and long life, as it is 
 found from Sub-Conglomerate up to 
 Pittsburgh and St. Clairville coal beds ; 
 ^' ' ^ and everywhere in all our coal fields ; 
 so abundant in a bed at Treverton, Pa., that it makes it a mere 
 mat of leaves; Salem vein, Pottsville; rare in Arkansas; fre- 
 quent in Mazon creek nodules; also at Cannelton ; Pittston ; 
 Wilkes-Barre ; in Rhode Island &c. Lesq. — XI to XV. 
 
 Dictyopteris rubella. (Lesquereux. Coal Flora, page 145, 
 
 plate 23, figs. 7 to 10 ; Geol. 
 Rt. Illinois, Vol. 4, pi. 7, fig. 2 
 to 6.) Collett's Ind., 1883, page 
 55, plate 11, fig. 4. — Low coal at 
 "p^Q // •// Murphreysboro'. Lesquereux. 
 
 — XIH 
 
 Dictyopteris scheuchzeri. Hoffm. In Roem. Pflauz. 
 Hartze, Pal. IX, pi. 32, f. 1, Lesquereux's x\dditions to Coal 
 Flora, 1884, P, p. 832. One specimen from Port Griffith ; the 
 other from Penn. Anthracite C. Co.'s mine at Moosic, Lack- 
 awanna County, Pa. — XIII 
 
 'Lesq, /85'8 
 
 
DiEC. 202 
 
 Dieconeura rigida. Scudder. Mem. Bost. S. N. H., 1885 
 
 ,, , _^v plate 29, f. 10, insect's wing, found in sub- 
 
 ■^^■-^:::^^=^:^£:r-:.. Z j| conglomerate blacfc slate in the Pittston 
 i '\ :5> - r '. I, ij;ap, Luzerne Oo., Pa. Lacoe's collection. 
 
 Diniclitliys herzeri. (Newberry. Pal. of Ohio, Yol. 1, 
 
 1873, page 316, plate 30, fig. 1, 
 {\ of the natural size in the ori- 
 ginal drawing, i. e. about 2 feet 
 long; and again reduced h\\ 4,) 
 inside face of jaw, set with small 
 teeth, and ending in a large tooth. 
 —VIII I (? VIII e) Delaware, 
 Ohio, Huron shale. Villi) 
 {VIII e?) 
 
 u/mm-ryf-Www^^^ 
 
 
203 
 
 DiNI. 
 
 p. 17, 18, plate 1, fig. 1, the front f of lower jaw, reduced to one- 
 half its natuTol size^ from |a| concretion in the Styliola hed 
 ( Genesee) in Blacksmith gully, Bristol Centre, N. Y. — VITI e. — 
 Note. The tooth bearing edge has no teeth but is like a knife 
 edge, like Din, terrelli but the jaw is stout like Din. herzeri. 
 Newberry's specimens (described 1873), were from the Huron 
 shale ( Oenesee) of Ohio. See also a new Dinichthys from the 
 Portage of West N. Y, by E. N. S. Eingueberg, Am. Jour. ScL, 
 Vol.27, June, 1884.— F///^. 
 
 Diphyphyllum adnatum. 
 
 (Hall, 35th An. Rt. Mus. 1882.) 
 Oollett's Indian Rt., 1882, 
 page 303, plate 27; figs. 7,8.— 
 Falls of Ohio, Corniferous 
 limestone. — Villa. 
 
 The genus is Lonsdale's. 
 Hall's description of the spe- 
 cies on page 458 of the 35th 
 An. Rt. is as follows : " Oor- 
 allum sub-cylindrical, simple 
 or compound, increasing by 
 lateral gemmation, fre- 
 quently in contact for their 
 entire length ; exterior with 
 
 very regular annulations and concentric striae; longitudinal 
 striae distinct ; diameter varying from 12 to 20 mm. ; calyx bell- 
 shaped, depth about 10 mm. ; number of lamellae 50, of uniform 
 thickness, alternate lamellae continuing to internal wall ; space 
 inclosed by vertical wall, 3 mm. in diameter." 
 
 Diphyphyllum apertum. (Hall. 35th An. Rt. Mus. N.Y.? 
 
 1882) Oollett's Indi- 
 ana Rt. 1882, page 
 303, plate 27, fig. 6, 
 side view, plate 28, 
 fig. 4, back view look- 
 ing into calyx; fig. 5, 
 calyx. Falls of Ohio. 
 Corniferous lim e - 
 TI.Z7 stone. — VIII 
 
 a. 
 
 Ind. /^2 
 
DiPH. 
 
 204 
 
 The description given by Hall (35th Annual Report of the 
 New York State Museum, 1884, page 458) is ''- Corallum simple, 
 sub- cylindrical, straight or curyed, gradually or more rapidly- 
 expanding ; when decorticated presenting a distinct invaginated 
 appearance ; len gth of one individual 60 mm. ; calix bell-shaped, 
 diameter 20 mm., depth 10 mm.; number of lamellae from 60 
 to 70, of nearly uniform size at the margin, alternating below, 
 the principal ones extending to the vertical internal wall ; den- 
 ticulations prominent, 10 in the space of 5 mm. ; inclosed in- 
 ternal area oval or horse shoe-shaped, from 4 to 6 mm in diam- 
 eter, anterior side indented by a deep, narrow fossette. — For- 
 mation and locality. Corniferous limestone. Falls of the Ohio. 
 — Villa:' 
 
 Diphyphyllum archiaci. Billings. Collett's Indiana Re 
 
 VIII c. 
 
 Ind./BHI 
 
 port of 1881, page 387, plate 50, fig. 1, side of corallum and 
 upper ends of corallites cut off. Hamilton in Canada. (Found 
 in all the Devonian strata of Indiana. CoUett. ) — VIII g. 
 
205 
 
 DiPH. 
 
 Diphyphyllum arundinaceum. Billings. Collett's Indi- 
 
 \fl\\ 3^ ' ^ef^/fSS^^Lr -fifl^_ ^^^ Report of 1881, page 
 
 ' ' '^ '^^ ""^ 389, plate 51, fig. 1. Side 
 
 view of a mass of cora • 
 lites. (Allied: to B^ stra- 
 mineum^ but is larger, 
 Nicholson.)— Corniferous 
 limesto ne in Iowa . — 
 Villa, 
 
 Diphyphyllum 
 breve, 
 
 Hall, 35th Rt. 
 
 Diphyphyllum 
 Cylindraccum, 
 
 Hall, 35th Rt. 
 
 Diphyphyllum 
 tumidulum, 
 
 f 1 .oTTlWi™^^^ 1 r-x Hall, 35th Rt. 
 
 lnciJ88l.^^^, yi, Ol. all Villa. 
 
 Diphyphyllum stamineum. Billings. Collett's Indiana 
 
 Report of 1882, page 261, plate 
 9, fig. 2. — Upper Helderlerg 
 ( Corniferous limestone) forma- 
 tion.^ VIII a., — Several speci- 
 mens of an undetermined 
 species of Diphyphyllum are 
 noted by G. B. Simpson (1888), 
 in Hale & Hall's collections of 
 1875, from near Orbisonia, 
 Hunt. Co., Pa. (00, p. 234) 
 601-30 ; 605-3 ; and a very large 
 specimen, 610-9, from Miller's 
 farm, on Warrior ridge, Burre 
 township in'Huntingdon County 
 by C. E. Billin; all from the 
 lower Helderherg formation., 
 VI 
 
 hicl.ia8;i. 
 
DiPL. 
 
 206 
 
 fe 
 
 Dipleura dehayi. See Homalonotus dekayi. Villi), c. 
 Diplodus -fish teeth. Dawson's Acad. Geol. 1868, p. 211, 
 
 fig. 57, Diplodus penetrans from the Pictou 
 Diplodus, A / I ^^^^ mines ; and fig. 58, Diplodus acinaces^ 
 
 from the roof shales of the Main coal at 
 Pictou, N. S.—XIII. 
 
 Diplodus ? -fish toothy from the Upper Barren coal measure 
 (Washington Middle) limestone No. 4. of the Washington 
 County Group, in Prof Adney's collection at W. & J. College; 
 a fragment from the middle layers of the limestone. Steven- 
 son searched in vain for other examples ; but the lower layers 
 in the RR. cut to first tunnel east from Claysville yielded a 
 Ush spine ; and Prof. Jones has a fine spine from a boulder of 
 the same. (K, p. ^9,)— XVI, 
 
 Diplograptus (Graptolithus) angustifolius, Hall Pal. N. 
 
 Hall, II!. ^' ^^^' ^? P* ^^^'> w<^o^ cut %• 1^ a single 
 D.a. stipe, twice the natural size; fig. 2, a portion 
 still farther enlarged. The midrib projects 
 beyond the serrated portion like a single hair. 
 / The saw teeth (serratures) are arranged in 
 M \ ■ '^ / the proportion of about 28 to 30 in the space 
 ij V" ^/ ^f ^n inch. Portions of the teeth differ from 
 y those of any other species in the formation, 
 Ci_jl/ and often are more like those of fossil ferns, 
 ^ - and are not always quite opposite to each 
 
 other. Hudson River slate,, IIIl). 
 
 Diplograptus (Graptolithus) marcidns. Hall, Pal. N. Y. 
 ,„^ J ^4^,, ,„ vol. 3, p. 514, 515, wood cuts, 1, a specimen 
 
 Ad. rn. more contracted than usual, with blunt teeth ; 
 I \ \ 2, one more expanded, with distinct teeth at 
 
 the lower end and a minute radical below ; 3, 
 a young form with teeth undeveloped or flat- 
 tened in the line of their direction, and 
 minute fibres or radicles at the base well pre- 
 m served. Species not absolutely well deter- 
 ''^^" J mined. This and D. angustifoUus, G, whit- 
 Heldi,, G, spinulosus, and Reteograptus gein- 
 itzianus. are found together near Albany in Hudson River 
 slate^ III J), 
 
 
 s 
 
207 
 
 DiPL. 
 
 MX, PLXL 
 
 Diplograptus pristis. {Oraptolithus pristis.) Eogers, 
 
 page 820, fig. 612. Illb. Lorraine 
 (Hudson Eiver) formation. (His- 
 ;\ inger's Prionotus pristis, Leth. 
 Suec. 8. A. Miller). (Note. This as 
 Biplograpsus^ is not a Hudson Eiver 
 fossil, but occurs in the Z. C'. Lower 
 Cambrian (Georgian) formation of 
 eastern New York and Vermont; but its presence in the 
 slates of No. Ill in Pennsylvania argues that either it con- 
 tinued to live into Hudson river (Lorraine) times, or that Wal- 
 cott's view of its habitat is erroneous. It must be observed, 
 however, that this, or some other graptolitei^ found in a graph- 
 itic (?) calcareous slate in Sinking Valley, Blair Co., la., 5,000 
 feet beneath the bottom of the Utica slate. (T, p. 245). — II a. 
 Diplograptus? simplex. {Fucoides simplex, Emmons; 
 
 Fueoides secalinus,. 
 Eaton ; Graptolithus 
 secalinus, Hall; Diplo- 
 grapsus simplex, Em- 
 mons, Amer. Geol. 
 Vol. 1,'part 2, page 104, 
 plate 1, fig. 11, added 
 here for comparison.) 
 Walcott, Bulletin D. S. 
 G. 8. No. 30, page 92, 
 plate 11, fig. 4, 4«, 
 natural size. — Z. C. 
 LoicGT Camirian 
 {Georgian) formation, Parker's quarry, Vt. — (See also Em 
 mons' Taconic system, 1844, plate 5, fig. 1.) 
 
 Diplograptus (Graptolithus) spinulosus. Hall, Pal. N. 
 Y. Vol. 3, p. 517. Wood cut of a fragment of this 
 species of graptolite e7ilarged to twice its natural 
 size, found with the preceding species near Albany 
 in the slates of the Hudson Eiver formation. III h. 
 
 Note.— This species exhibits no distinct saw teeth 
 (serratures) above its edges ; but only undulations as 
 ^"^"'"'' ^ " - bases of the hair like spines which take the place of 
 teeth in other species. 
 
 
DiPL. 
 
 208 
 
 Diplograptus (Graptolithus) whitfleldi. Hall, Pal. N. Y. 
 
 Vol. 3, p. 
 
 ""'' ,:jju^ijXuMAJiUJU^U^^ Han^m^ 516. Wood 
 
 cuts, 1, 2. 
 Hudson 
 river forma- 
 tion. /// h. 
 
 'V^ 
 
 Dipterus ? found in the iisli heds^ horizon N. ol Ran- 
 dall's section at Warren, Pa. (////, p. 306; See Cat. 000, 
 1880.) Chemung- CaisMll, VIII-IX. 
 Diplostylus dawsoni, Salter. Dawson's Acadian Geology, 
 
 I -A^ 1868, page 207, fig. 47a, natural size, 
 the end of the body of a crustacean 
 of the Eurypterus family, found in 
 the coal strata of the Joggins, Nova 
 Scotia, in a plant bed in the middle 
 of the series; ft, the last joint en- 
 larged, — XIII. 
 
 Discina alleghania. Hall. See Appendix. 
 
 Discina {grandis) ampla. (Hall, 1867, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 
 
 ^^ p. 406, plate, 92, 
 ^ figs. 1^, 1(?. Oris- 
 
 ^kanySS.) Clay- 
 pole's list of fos- 
 sils in Perry Co., 
 ^ , , ,. Pa. Preface to 
 
 Vl.Vil. 
 
 ja 
 
 mm 
 
 fflui'riililF, 2, page xiii. 
 ^#1 ^, i|l--i VI, Lower Hel- 
 } derberg fbrma- 
 1 tion. — Spec. X- 
 1 1 6. — Also, found 
 by White, in 
 Montour Co., 
 |1 Cooper t o w n- 
 H.Pdl.N.Y. Vol.lU. Pi. 92. ^ ship,in Oriskany 
 
 SS. (G7, p. 86, 297.)— F//.— Specimens 804-14, 804-30, (00, 
 p. 235) in the Cabinet, are reported as collected by Fellows 
 & Genth, in 1875, at Marshall's Creek, 'Monroe Co., from 
 
209 
 
 Disc. 
 
 Discina convexa. 
 
 xm 
 
 ..^.)SVy«>%:,V.-7?:5i--"\?5'-''S;i 
 
 i«ii 
 
 m^^^: 
 
 
 ia DISCINA CONVEXA. 
 
 Hamilton strata, VIII c. Spec. 858-17 (too poor to identify 
 with certainty) from Mansfield, Tioga Go. Chemung. VIII g, 
 Discina circe. (Billings, Pal. Foss. Vol. 1, 1862, Discina 
 lamellosa, Hall, 1847 ; OrhiciUa lamellosa, Bro- 
 derick, 1833.) Emmons, Am. Geo]. 1855. I, ii, 
 200, plate 8, fig. 10. — Trenton limestone forma- 
 tion. II c. 
 
 (Shumard, Trans. 8t. Louis Acad. Sc. 
 Vol. 1,1858, p. 231, from 
 the Upper Coal Measures 
 of Kansas.) Gollett's In- 
 diana Rt. 1882, page 121, 
 plate 25, fig. 9, natural 
 size, upper side of upper 
 valve — Goal measures of 
 Vermillion Co., Ind. — 
 XIII. The second figure is from a specimen in Goll.Wyoming 
 Hist. Soc. at Wilkesbarre, from anthracite coal measures. Mill 
 Creek limestone, 1000' above Conglomerate No XII. Two of 
 these impressions are seen on the rock piece, one unmistakeably 
 of this species ; an inch across, a third of an inch high ; con- 
 centric lines well indicated. The other may be D. newierryi 
 but the two species are much alike. Heilprin, An. Rt. Geo. 
 Sur. Pa., 1858, page 452, f. 18. — Monongahela series. XV. 
 Discina conradi. Hall. See Appendix. 
 Discina convexa. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad., 1858, 
 Coal measures ; doubtfully identified by Heilprin among the 
 Wyoming Hist. Soc. collection of anthracite fossils found near 
 Wilkesbarre, Pa. An. Rt.,1885, p. 452.— XZ/Z 
 
 Discina ? both valves convex. Specimen 807-38 
 
 (00, p. 235) Fellows and Genth's Coll. on Marshall's Creek, 
 Monroe Co., in Hamilton, VIII c. 
 
 Discina discus. (Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, p. 195, 
 
 plate 9, fig. 13, Low. Held.) Claypole's list, 
 Perry Co. F2, xiii. Specimens X-10, 16, 
 20, twenty-one in all, Lower Helderberg 
 shale. Found also by Dr. Barrett near Port 
 Jervis, in the Stormville shale division of 
 the Lower Helderherg formation, White's 
 ^, ^ Pike Co., Rt. G6, p. 132.— VI 
 
Disc. 
 
 2i0 
 
 Discina grandis. {Orhioula grandis,) Vanuxem, page 
 
 152, fig 37,4- Hamilton formation. 
 
 VIII G. — In Pennsylvania, collected 
 
 by C. E. Hall,at Marshall's Falls,Mon- 
 
 roe Co., Proc. A. P. S. Jan. 15, 1876.— 
 
 By Claypole in Perry Co. Spec. X-6. — 
 
 By Stevenson in the subcarboniferous 
 
 in the Fayette and Westmoreland Co. 
 
 gaps (KKK, p. 311).— F///-/X 
 
 Discina jervensis. (Barrett. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sciences, 
 
 Vol. 1, No. 4.) In the Oriskany shales near Port Jervis, 
 
 White's Keport on Pike Co., Pa., (G6, p. 123.)— F/Z 
 
 Discina lamellosa. See Discina circe. II c, 
 
 Discina lodensis. ( Orbicula crania. ) Hall, page 223, fig. 
 
 Viil^. 95,1. Vanuxem, page 168, fig. 42,1. Genesee 
 
 formation. — Doubtfully identified by White, 
 as the only fossil seen in the Genesee shales 
 
 H,95-^ ""' at Selinsgrove, Northumberland Co., Pa. 
 
 (G7, p. 76, 78, 359, 361.)— F///^. 
 
 Discina media (Hall, 1863, 16th An. lit.; Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4, 
 
 p. 26, plate 2, fig. 25, 26. Ham. and Ohem.). 
 Claypole's lists of Perry Co., Pa,, F2, p. 
 xiii. A large variety, specimens 5-25, 
 collected at Barnett's mills in Hamilton 
 upper slate; and spec. 87-1, in Columbia 
 Co., Pa., near Bloomsburg, 50' below top of Hamilton (G7, p. 
 75, 76, 230); also at Danville in upper Chemung rocks (G7, p. 
 308); and in Northum. Co. Friedler's sect, bed 21, upper 
 Chemung (G7, p. 367). — VIII c^ g. — In Huntingdon Co. in 
 Marcellus (? Corniferous) limestone at the Hunt. Car Works 
 (T3, p. 115)— 7/// 5 {a .^).— Specimen 804-16-36 (poor), col- 
 lected by Fellows and Genth in 1875, on Marshall's creek, 
 Monroe Co., is labeled from Hamilton strata.^ VIII c. [ ?] 
 
 Discina minuta ( Orbicula rninuta). Hall, page 180, 71, 9. 
 
 Rogers, page 826, fig. 653. — Marcellus, 
 VIII, J.— Claypole, Report F2, Perry Co. 
 Pa. Hamilton specimens 2-11, 20, col- 
 lected at Comp's mill, 2^ m. S. E. of N. 
 Bloomfield (with Chonetes lepidus), — In Marcellus (Cornif. ?) 
 limestone at Cove St., Huntingdon Co. (T3, p. 115). — VIII h^c. 
 
 R i 
 
 vntt 
 
 ..« 
 
 TiZ: G53.— -Orbi- 
 cula minuta. 
 
 "n ^ 
 
211 
 
 Disc. 
 
 Discina newberryi. Hall. See Appendix. 
 
 Discina nitida. ( Orhicula nitida. Phillips, Geol. of York- 
 
 Xlll ^.^J^^L^^'^'^im^ shire, Vol. 2, plate 11, fig. 10 to 13. — Meek 
 
 and Worthen, Illinois Reports, Vol. 5, 
 plate 25, fig. 1). Collett's Indiana Rt. of 
 1883, page 121, plate 25, fig. 10, natural 
 size^ a hand specimen showing several 
 separate upper and lower valves. This 
 little shell is abundant in the Kittanning 
 coal shales at Cannelton, Pa., and through- 
 out the western States to Iowa. — XIII, 
 
 Discina pleuritis. See Appendix, 
 
 Discina seneca. (Hall, 1863, 16th An. Rt., Pal. N. Y., 
 
 Viifis. 23 jA ^^^' 4^ P- ^^? plate 2, figs. 23, 24. Hamilton). 
 Olaypole's Perry Co. lists. Preface to r2, p. 
 xiii. Marcellus formation. Specimen 5-192, 
 from Barnett's mills. Perry Co. and 223-4, 
 H. IV, Pi, 2, twenty-four specs, from Center mills, Madison 
 
 township. — This may be White's Discina near the top of the 
 MarceUus^ in G7, p. 76, 230, Montour region.— FZ/7 5. 
 
 Discinse in Centre Co., in Oriskanyf, Ewing. (T4, p. 431.) — 
 Also in Marcellus (T4, p. 432.) 
 
 Discinae in Mercer Co., in Berca grit? I. C. White (QQQ, 
 158.) — Also in Bedford shales (p. 196.) — In Crawford Co., in 
 Meadville upper limestone., in many places they abound ; mostly 
 undescribed species of Kinderhook (sub-carboniferous) aspect; 
 as on Grass run at Meadville, and at Glendale (Q4, 83, 126, 
 140). — In the Orangeville shale near Meadville; at Smith's 
 ravine; at Biier's (over the Corry SS.), Richmond township; 
 at Pfeiffer's, Woodcock ; at one mile W. of Venango village ; and 
 below Hayfield, they abound. At the last locality Discince and 
 Lingulm together fill 88' of* Orangeville shale from top to bot- 
 tom, with no other fossils present. (Q4, 170, 172, 195, 199, 202, 
 220.)— X 
 
 Discina ? large; in Erie Co., Pa., among the mass of 
 
 shells in the Spirifer bed over the Third Oil sandstone of the 
 Carroll quarry, Le Bceuff. (Q4, p. 240.)— YIII^IX. 
 
 Discinse occur in the sub-Olean conglomerate of Crawford 
 Co., mostly broken and indistinguishable. (Q4, p. 79.) — X. 
 
Disc. 
 
 212 
 
 Discinae numerous, with spirifera3, in the Olean (Garland) 
 conglomerate (bottom division of XII) at Dennison's quarry^ 
 S. W. Crawford Oo. ; fine specimens in OarlPs collection (III, 
 p. 55.)— X/7. 
 
 Discina, spec. 3107, (cat. O) in loose piece of gray shaly SS, 
 1| m. N. E. of Sharon, Mercer Co., over 2nd mtn. SS. — X 
 
 Dithyrocaris carbonarius. (Meek & Worthen, Proc. 
 
 XH^^^-^^>,3. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila , 1869; Illinois Rt., Vol. 5, 
 1873, pi. 32, fig. 1.) Collett's Indiana Rt., 1883, 
 page 178, plate 39, fig.'^3, natural size^ upper 
 view of telson and stylets (tail spikes) by which 
 alone this rare crustacean of the Coal Age is 
 _ known — ,XIII. Original specimen found in coal 
 IticI ISS5. J^ measures at Danville, 111. — Specimen in Ran- 
 dall's Warren collection. Pa., recognized by C. E. Hall, Proc. 
 A. P. Soc, Phil., Jan. 5, 1876 — FZ/7-/X 
 
 Doleropteris. See Cyclopteris elegans. XIII, 
 
 Drepanacanthus -fish spine occurs in the Meadville upper 
 limestone. I. C. White, Q4-, p. 83. — X. See Appendix. 
 
 Dicotyles pennsylvanicus. Leidy. Notice and Desc. of 
 fossils in caves and crevices of the limestone rocks of Penn. in 
 An. Rt. Geol. Sur. Pa., 1887 '8 (published 1889), upper and 
 lower jaws of a young extinct Peccary, (first found in Indiana, 
 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Vol. 7, 1869, p. 385), from Hart- 
 man's cave (Crystal Hill cave) near Stroudsburg, Monroe Co., 
 Pa. See figure in Appendix. — Glacial^ or early Human age. 
 
 Eatoniamedialis. {Atrypamedialis.) Yanuxem page 120, 
 
 fig. 26, 4. Lower 
 vii. HalUii, c,d. . __^i^.8»^ Helderberg forma- 
 
 at ion. — VI On 
 the Delaware, Dr. 
 Barrett finds it in 
 White's Stormville 
 limestone^ under 
 Stormville conglomerate. (G6, p. 134)— F/.— In Perry Co. 
 Claypole collected it from 3 m. east ol Ickesburg (spec. 187-5, 
 one.) — For the internal structure of Eatoniamedialis^ eminens^ 
 :singularis^ and peculiaris^ see Hall's Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3, 1857, 
 page 435, wood cuts, fig. 1 to 6. — VI 
 
213 
 
 Eato. 
 
 Eatonia medialis, eminens^ singularis and peculiaris ; in 
 
 vi, yii. 
 
 Hall. III. 
 
 ternal structure 
 and shell markings 
 contrasted by Hall, 
 Pall., N. Y., Vol. 
 3,1857, page 435, 
 wood cut, figs. 1, 2, 
 3, 4, 5, 6. For ex- 
 ternal of shells see 
 figs, under the re- 
 spective names in 
 preceding pages. 
 {Atrypa nie- 
 dialis^ Van- 
 uxem, 1842,p. 
 120, fig. 26, 4. 
 L, H. VL See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Eatonia peculiaris. {Atrypa peculiaris.) Hall, page 148, 
 
 fig. 59, 3. Vanuxem, page 123, fig. 28, 3. Rogers, page 825^ 
 fig. 610. (Conrad, An. Rep. N. Y. 141.) Rogers reports it from 
 VI in the Aughwick valley; but C. E. Hall collected it from 
 Oriskany, VII, at Orbisonia and Three Springs; and White 
 atMapleton (T, 35 ; T3, 119.)— Stevenson in Bradford Co. (T2, 
 132; Claypole^s spec. 200 8.)— and White, at Carpenter's Point 
 (G6, 123.)— F//. 
 Eatonia singularis. {Atrypa singularis.) Vanuxem, page 
 120, fig. 26, 3. Lower Helderberg formation.— F/. 
 Dr. Barrett collected it from Stormville limestone 
 (White's Pike Go. Rt., G6, 134.)— Claypole in 
 Perry Co., from Chert beds in Lower Held. (Specs. 
 216—6, 7, three.)— Stevenson in Bedford Co., at 
 Hyndman, bed 38, 104' to 168' below top of Oris- 
 ^53 kany, VII, on Will's cr. numerous (T2, 104) ; and 
 
ECHI. 
 
 214 
 
 also in the Lower Held, chert beds, Pine ridge, Beaver dam run 
 road, King township (T2, 134.)— F/, VII. 
 
 Eatonia ? in Upper Chemung strata, Tioga Co., Pa- 
 Sherwood's collections, specimen 854-33 (fair condition) 
 Charleston township. — VIII g* 
 Bchinocaris punctata. Hall, Hamilton group, at Delphi, 
 
 N. Y. Zittel's 
 Handbuch 
 der Pal.,1885, 
 Vol. 2, p. 658, 
 fig. 846, after 
 B e echer' s 
 d r a w i n g. — 
 TIIIg, 
 
 Echinocaris whitfieldi. Clarke, Bull. 16, D. S. G. S., 1885' 
 
 iviiie'. ^..^^ ^ _i^ P^g^ 4^' Pl- ^" fiS- 3, shield 
 
 (carapace) natural size\ 
 fig. 4, tail and sines, nat- 
 ural size, of a crustacean 
 of the Naples (Upper Gen- 
 esee), shales of Hatch hill, 
 Ontario Co.,N.Y.— Vllle, 
 
 Clk. B.!5. ""''-' 2.. 
 
 Echinocaris socialis. See Appendix. 
 
 Ectinodesma birostratum. Claypole's specimen 57-22. 
 23, in Perry Co., Jenkins farm, 5 m. S. of New Bloomfield, 
 Chemung-Catskill.— 7///, /X See Appendix, 
 
 Edestes vorax. (Leidy, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phil. Vol. 3 
 
 XI. 
 
 1856, page 159, Survey of Illinois, Pal. Vol. 2, page 84, Vol, 
 4, p. 350.) Zittel's Vol. 3, p. 119,f. 131,— Suhcarhoni/erous. XL 
 
21o 
 
 Edmo. 
 
 Edmondia aspenwallensis. (Meek. Nebraska U. S. Sur- 
 
 xin 
 
 vey, 1872, plate 4, fig. 2.) 
 Collett's Indiana Eeport 
 1883, page 148, plate 31, fig. 
 4, 5, right side and back views, 
 natural size. — Middle and 
 upper coal measures from W. 
 Virginia to Nebraska. XIII. 
 — J .J. Stevenson, Trans. Am. 
 mi V^PUil FMl. Soc, Phil., Vol. XV, 
 Article 2, 1872, in Crinoidal (Black Foss.) limestone, 250' be- 
 low Pittsburgh Coal, W. Va. (L, 35.)— In Beaver Co., Pa. 
 White finds it in Brush creek limestone (middle of Mahoning 
 SS. 510' below Pittsburgh Coal), Q, p. 34.— X///-X/F; 
 
 Edmondia burlingtonensis. White and Whitfield, Proc. 
 Bost. N. H. S. 1862, Vol. 8, Kinderhook group ; doubtfully identi- 
 fied among the specimens from anthracite measures, in cabinet 
 of Wyoming H. Soc. Wilkes-Barre, by Heilprin, An. Rt. Geol. 
 Sur. Pa. 1885, page 451. X///— Also by C. E. Hall in CarlPs 
 collections of 1875, in Upper Chemung. Abundant in and 
 characteristic of the LeBoeuf conglomerate (White's Third Oil 
 Sand) stone quarry, Erie Co., Pa. (Q4, 110, 249)— F///-/X 
 
 Edmondia conGentrica. See Astartella concentrica. 
 
 Edmondia philipi, Hall, Prel. Not. Lam. 1870, Chemung 
 — Spec. 851-3 (six specimens in fair condition), Charleston t. 
 Tioga Co. and 855-27 (left valve, in good condition), Sullivan 
 t. Tioga Co., Sherwood's coll. 1875. Upper Chemung VIII g. 
 — See Appendix. 
 
 Edmondia radiata. See Clinopistha radiata. XV. 
 
 Edmondia subovata. (00, p. 236). Sherwood's 1875 
 collections: Spec. 854-49 (good) Charleston township.— Spec 
 856-25b, Sherwood's Mixtown collections, Tioga Co., Pa., from 
 Upper Chemung VIII g. or VII I- IX. See Appendix, 
 
 Euomphalus {Straparollus) clymenioides, Hall, 15th 
 
 Annual Rt. N. Y. 1862, page 54, 166, plate 6, fig.3 ; recognized 
 
 among the Pennsylvania collections as specimen 883-37 of 
 
 Robt. Howell, at Nichols, Tioga Co.N. Y. from Chemung rocks, 
 
 VIII g. — See Appendix. 
 
Edmo. 
 
 216 
 
 Edmondia ? subplana. ( Cypricardta subplana. Hall, 
 3 mi Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 4, 1856. Whitfield, Bull. 3. 
 
 "^ >^3^ Am. Mus. 1882, pi. 7). Collett^s Indiana Kt. 1882, 
 J - ,.'''% page 342, plate 30, ^s:. SS, natural size. Genus 
 *^^.^t^^^#^ very doubtful. Subcarboniferous strata at Sper- 
 gen HilJ, etc.— X/. 
 
 Edmondia subtruncata. Hall, 1847, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1- 
 
 Black river and Trenton. Spec. 210-37 (00, p. 231), is a poor 
 impression, in the lieedsville (Kishicoquillis valley) Trenton 
 limestone^ II c. See Appendix. 
 
 Edmondia ? in Crinoidal limestone 250' below Pitts- 
 burgh coal, Fayette Co., Pa. (L, 36).— X/K 
 
 Edmondia ? G. E. Hall, in Sherwood'scollections in 
 
 Tioga Co., Pa., Chemung. — VIII g. 
 
 Eichwaldia reticularis. See Appendix. 
 
 Elephas primigenius. See Appendix. 
 
 Ellipsolites ? . Emmons' Report on the Geology of 
 
 Northeast New York, 1842, page 385, fig. 97, 
 1. Birdseye limestone. Not in S. A. Mil- 
 i ler'slist)— ZT^^. 
 
 (Eli l:^^£. 
 
 Elliptoceplialus asaphoides. See Olenellus asaphoides. 
 
 M. a 
 
 Elymocaris siliqua. See Appendix 
 
 Einholimusrotundatus. See Bathyuriscus howelli. M. C. 
 
 Emholimus. Olenoides spinosus ; and Zacanthoides 
 spinosus. M. C, 
 
 Encrinurus vigilans. {Ceraurus vigilans^ Hall, Pal. N. 
 
 Y., Vol. 1, 1847, Bl. Riv. and Trenton). 
 Emmons' Amer. Geol. Vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 
 217, plate 15, figs. 2 (^, J, <?; small; shield 
 granulated, with long flat spines; 11 
 throat rings; many body rings, every 
 third tuberculated, ending in a point; 9 
 side ribs. — Middleville, N. Y. A common 
 trilobite in the Trenton limestone.. II c. 
 
 EmAG-^<3>^i!:55 
 
 Pi. 15. 
 
217 
 
 En DO 
 
 Encystites ? longidactylns, Walcott (Dec. 1888), M. C. 
 Endoceras proteiforme, var. tenuistr latum. Rogers, 
 
 
 S v^«x^1'**'*r 
 
 <^'^ 
 
 \K 
 
 ^ 
 
 <^SJ8f 
 
 
 
 
 
 V-r ^- X,. 
 
 -•> ^^ ^^ cT^'"■*-'•'*s^S^^vSs^. 
 
 Hall.Pal.Ny.V«u 
 
 page 821 (no figure) III b. Loraine formation. Hall, Pal. JM. Y, 
 Vol. 2, plate 25, fig. 1. Trenton and Hudson River formations^ 
 II G and /// 1). Other varieties are elongatum^ Uneolatuni. 
 Strang ulatiim^ and textiiitextum^ all described in Hall's Pal. 
 N. Y. Vol. I. — Specimens in the cabinet of the Pennsylvania 
 survey (00, p. 231) are 204-9 (doubtful, poor impres- 
 sion); 204-11 (very poor); 204-14 (fairly good, showing the 
 septa); 204-20 (shell mostly gone, and species doubtful); all 
 collected by Fellows, from Kishicoquillis creek, just above 
 Reedsville mill dam, Mifflin Co,, from Trenton limestone^ II c. 
 
 Endothyra baleyi. {Rotalia haleyi^ Hall, Trans. Alb. 
 
 Inst. Vol. 4, 1882. Whitfield, 
 Bull. 3, Am. Mus., 1882, plate 
 9. Comj)are I, hoiimiani Phil- 
 lips ; and Involutiiia lohatn^ 
 Brady, Palosog. Soc. Lond. Vol. 
 FLJiZ 30^ plate 5.) Collett's Indiana 
 Rt. page 321, plate 32, figs. 34, 35, greatly enlarged, usual, and 
 fig. 36 unusual forms. Spergen Hill, etc. Ind. Alton, 111. Sub- 
 carboniferous limestone^ XI 
 
 Endothyra hoimnani. 
 baleyi. XL 
 
 English. 
 
 Compare Endothyra 
 
Ento. 
 
 218 
 
 Entolium aviculatum. {Pecten aviculatus^ Swallow, 
 
 Xin-i5Sfe*rf^ /^^S^ fi' Trans. Acad. Sc. St. Louis, 
 
 1858 ;— Meek, Nebraska U. S. 
 Survey, 1872, plate 9.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana Rt. of 1882, 
 page 142, plate 28, fig. 7, 
 
 s- vw^ieeaxa-jj^/ natural size^loii valve; fig. 
 
 Ij^^^^^^i^lg^p -^is^^^jjjg[^^^i^j| g^ inside of left valve, show- 
 ing hinge, etc., many parts of Indiana and elsewhere, Goal 
 measures^ XIII-XV. 
 Eocystites primsevus. (Billings, 1868. Dawson's Acad. 
 
 t C PI I. ^^^^* ^^* ^^"> ^^^-^ Walcott, Bulletin, U. S. G. 
 S.,No. 10, page 15, plate l,fig. 2, a single plate 
 of the coralline, enlarged fourfold. Evidently 
 similar in general type to Hicks's Welsh Mene- 
 vian fossil Protocystites menevensis. — New 
 Brunswick. Saint John formation.^ M, (7. 
 Eodon bellistriatum. {Microdon hellistriatum. Conrad.) 
 Vlfl.c. - ym^S^^^^i^s^ Hall, 1843, page 196, 
 
 fig. 78, 2; also Pal. 
 N. Y. Vol. 5, part 1, 
 1877,plate73, fig. 10. 
 f^7 HiiMi ^^^0 — Kogers, page 827, 
 fig. 660. (See Conrad, Journ. Acad. N. 
 S Philada. Vol. VIII, page 247, xiii, fig. 
 12, 1842.) Hamilton formation. — Clay- 
 pole's lists in Perry Co. F2. (Speci- 
 mens collected : 2-1 (five), W. Comp's 
 mill, Perry Co., 2^ m. S. E. of N. Bloom. ; 
 5-147, 159, Barnett's mill ; 68-3 to 7, 
 737 Bloomsburg. Montour Co., Pa.; 92-4, 9, 
 11, 13, 14, 15, 25, Vanderslice's quarry, Montour Co., Pa.; 94- 
 17, Crawley hill. Perry Co.; 99-l,Drumgold's tannery; 144-9, 
 Montebello narrows; 197-11, three, Mapleton, Huntingdon 
 Co ) 100' and 250' below top of Hamilton (G7, 76, 229) Rupert 
 (p. 69) ; Catawissa (p. 287), Bloomsburg (p. 290.)— ZTam. U. 
 shales, Mapleton (T3, p. 109) ; also Chemung olive shales, Pa. 
 E. R. section below Huntingdon (T3, 264.) — Also found in the 
 Hamilton dags, at Muncy, Lycoming Co., Pa. (T,p. 32) — VIII 
 
 HM.5 
 
219 
 
 EODO. 
 
 Incl, /i'^J.. 
 
 Eodon tenuistriatus. (Hall.) See Appendix. 
 
 Eopteris morieri. (Saporta.) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 1883, 
 
 page 4 8, 
 plate 3, fig. 
 9.— In Eu- 
 rope,''atthe 
 base of the 
 Middle Sil- 
 urian near 
 Angers, 
 France." In 
 America no 
 ferns have 
 been found 
 in strata 
 TL J. older than 
 Devonian ; 
 
 but our Devonian ferns are so well developed that it is reason- 
 able to expect the discovery of ferns in our Silurian strata at 
 least as old as those of Europe. (CoUett.) 
 
 Eosaurus acadianus. Marsh, Canadian Naturalist, Vol. 
 
 7, 1862; Daw- 
 son, Acadian 
 GeoL, 1868, p. 
 382, fig. 148, 
 two vertebrae 
 of the back- 
 bone of a Coal 
 measure croco- 
 dilian, found in 
 shale, in group 
 XXVI of the 
 Joggins sect'n, 
 Nova Scotia, 
 800' above the 
 
 oawson. Acad. Geo!. 1868 
 
 p. 382. 
 
 bed with Baphetes planiceps ; resemble somewhat the yet- 
 iehvm oi Ichthyosaurus ; discovered in 1855; described in Silli- 
 man's Journal, 1859, as probably an Enaliosauria (great sea 
 lizard) ; Huxley suggests that they possibly belong to Labyrin- 
 thodont batrachians like Anthracosaurus russelli. — XIII. 
 
Eosc. 
 
 :^20 
 
 Eoscorpius carbonarius. Meek and Worthen. A scor- 
 pion of the Coal measures 
 of Illinois, found in a no- 
 dule on Mazon Creek. Zit- 
 tel's Handbuch der Palae- 
 ontologie, 1885, Vol. 2, p. 
 ""SO, fig. 916, natural size. 
 Note. The earliest scor- 
 pions known came in with 
 the Lower Helderberg de- 
 posits, where we find the 
 earliest lobsters {Euryp- 
 teri.) The discovery was 
 made first in New York 
 (See Proscorpius os- 
 borni), and soon after- 
 wards in Scotland and 
 Sweden. — XIII, 
 
 ( Pleurotomaria concava. Hall, 
 Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 
 4, 1856. Name pre- 
 occupied and therefore 
 changed by Whitfield 
 " Bull.3, Am.Mus.,1882, 
 hid\__ I'S'Srf--^ '^-#:':>' /y. J^ p 1 a t e 9. Pleuroto- 
 
 maria tenuimarginata, proposed by Miller in Cat. Am. Pal. 
 Foss., 1877, p. 245, and corrected on p. 301, second edition.) 
 Collett^s Indiana Rt. 1882, page 365, plate 32, figs. 21, 22,23, 
 side, bottom and section, enlarged twice.— Sper gen Hill, etc. 
 Subcarboniferous limestone, XI. 
 
 Equisetibm stellifolium. See Annularia longifolia. XIII. 
 Bozoon canadense. (Dawson, Canadian Naturalist [2], 
 
 Vol. 2, 1865; 
 
 ZiCiur. .^B^^s^ r r. s 
 
 _^^^ f:220. 
 
 A.W/ri. 
 
 Ziffel. Fig. 916. 
 
 Eotrochus concavus. 
 X!. 
 
 Since 
 
 great 
 
 when 
 conten- 
 tion whether it 
 be really a fos- 
 sil organic form 
 of life {rhizo- 
 pocLc&c); or a 
 
221 
 
 Eozo. 
 
 Laui: 
 
 K 
 
 A.Wni^. 
 
 mode of mineral secre- 
 tion, magnesian silicate; 
 Dr. Carpenter of Lon- 
 don being one chief ad- 
 vocate for its organic 
 character.) A. Win- 
 ch e 1 1, in Geological 
 Studies, 1886, page 318, 
 fig. 220 copies one of 
 Carpenter's figures of a 
 l^Sd . weathered specimen ; 
 and, page 320, f. 222, Biitschli's diagram (after Carpenter) of 
 its supposed structure ; K, chambers, in layers, with perforated 
 walls of fine shell, etc. — Found in so-called Laurentian lime' 
 stone^ at Truro, Canada. Similar forms found in the oldest 
 rocks of Bohemia, Scandinavia, Massachusetts, etc. — Z. 
 
 Eozoon canadense. Dawson, London Geological Maga- 
 zine, [3] Vol. 5, Feb., 1888, page 51, figs. 1, 2, showing the 
 weathered surface of a specimen from the limestone of Cote 
 St. Pierre, showing the funnel-shaped, or spinning-top shaped 
 growth — See -figure on page 222. 
 
 Equus. The foot bones of two species of extinct horse, slen- 
 derer and smaller than our domesticated European breeds, 
 were found with the Mastodons, Sloths, Armadillos, etc., in the 
 Port Kennedy Cave, Chester Co., Pa. See Cope. Proc. A. P. S., 
 1871, p. 95. — Quarternary or Human age. 
 
 Eremopteris artemisisetolia. {Sphenopteris artemisim- 
 
Eozo. 
 
 222 
 
 L CLCJLX . 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 \n(LAnZ.pL3] 
 
223 
 
 Erem. 
 
 Eremopteris ? marginata. 
 
 5-. 
 
 ;(/// 
 
 folia. Bron2;niart. — SpTienopteris erithmifolia^ Lind. & Hutt. — 
 Sphenopteris stricta^ Sternberg. — Lesquereux, Goal Flora, Rt. 
 P, Geol. Sur. Penna., page 293, plate 53, figs. 5, 5a, 6. A rare 
 fern everywhere, but found in the Hollenback mines at Wilkes- 
 Barre, and in Mansfield's mine at Oannelton, Pa. Also in the 
 Morris coal shale, 111., Hazlegreen, Ky., and Helena coal, Ar- 
 kansas.) CoUett's Indiana Rt. of 1883, plate 15, fig. 5, gives it 
 another locality.— X/, XII, XIII, 
 
 {Sphenopteris marginata^ 
 Andrews, Pal. Ohio, Vol. 
 2,page422,plate52,f. 1, 2. 
 Lesquereux suggests that 
 it be placed in a new genus 
 after Megalopteris. Coal 
 Flora, page 296.) Oollett's 
 Indiana Rt. 1883, page 70, plate 9, fig. 5. Related to Adiantites, 
 (Collett.) — Perry Co., Ohio, in the Sub- conglomerate coal 
 measures, XI 
 
 Eridophyllum rugosum. Edwards & Haime, Pal. Fobs 
 
 1851. Collett's Indiana Report of 1882, page 255, plate 3. fig. 
 
 6. — In Indiana and Kentucky, common in Niagara formation, 
 
 Vb, — See figure on page ^22, 
 
 Eridophyllum simcoense. (Billings, Canadian Jour. Nat. 
 
 Sci., Vol. 4, 
 1859.) Col- 
 lett's Indi- 
 ana Report, 
 1882, page 
 262, plate 9, 
 fig. 1. (Van 
 Cleve.) In 
 many r e - 
 gions it is 
 common, in 
 the Upper 
 Helderber g 
 {Corniferous) limestone formation. Villa, 
 
 Note. The greek work Eridos means of or in dispute. This 
 genus of radiate polyps (order Zoantharia,) is placed among 
 the Cyathophylloid corals. Besides the four species here 
 figured there is a fifth, E, vennori, Billings. 
 
 h\(iA%^Z.d.() f.i. 
 
Ertd. 
 
 224 
 
 Eridophyllum strictum. (E. & H.) Oollett's Indiana 
 
 Report of 
 18 81, 
 page 390, 
 plate 49, 
 iig. l,side 
 view of 
 small 
 mass of 
 the coral. 
 Common 
 in U. S. 
 and Can- 
 ada; (see Mcholson^s Rt. Pal. Ontario, p. 74, 1875), variable in 
 form ; showing conspicuously the rings of growth from which 
 the processes are developed in a whorled manner (CoUett.) — 
 Gorniferous limestone^ Villa. 
 Eridophyllum verneuillianum. (Edwards & Haime, 1851 ; 
 
 Nicholson, Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, p. 239 ) Collett's Ind^ Report of 
 1882, page 261, plate 8, tig. 3, side view of a specimen which 
 does not quite agree with the type; corallites smaller; pro- 
 cesses less irregular. (See Collett's note on fig. description 
 facing plate. )— Corniferous in Ohio, Ind. Kentucky. Villa. 
 
225 
 
 Eris. 
 
 Erisocrinus ? 
 
 in Decker's creek shale under Maho- 
 
 ning sandstone, at Morgantown, W. Va. a.nd in Fayette Co. coal 
 measures (L, 36 ; KKK, 309).— X//Z 
 
 Erithizon cloacinum, Cope. Proc. A. P. S. 1871, p. 93, fig. 
 19, nat. size, found in the Port Kennedy cave, Chester Co., Pa. 
 Post-tertiary (Pre-glacial ? Post-glacial?). 
 
 Escharopora recta. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, Trenton; 
 found by C. E. Hall, at Tyrone forges, Huntingdon Co. (00, 
 p. 232). Specimens 212-2 {a) poor fragments; 212-3 {h) frag- 
 ments in fair condition; 211-7 (a) good specimens; 211-8 
 (eleven specimens). — Trentoyi^ II c. See Appendix, 
 
 Estheria, See Posidonia. VIII. 
 
 Estheria ? See figures, natural size, and magniiied to show 
 sculpture, under Leperditia okeni, XI, 
 
 Ethmophyllum minganense. Walcott. Bulletin, U. S. G. 
 
 Uo(- S , No. 30, 
 
 p. 77; wood 
 cut, fig. 6, 
 is a speci- 
 men of this 
 cy a th o - 
 phylloid 
 sponge fig- 
 ured by 
 Billings as 
 ArcheeoGy- 
 athusmin- 
 ganensis ; 
 figure 7, a 
 piece of 
 
 Walcott 
 
 the surface enlargecl to show the pores; fig. 8, the needles 
 (spiculge) enlarged fifty times. (Fig. 2, on Walcott's plate 4 
 (described page 87), is a diagrammatic vertical section through 
 the center on the line of the septa, to show the writer's view 
 of the poriferous system. If the outer wall is removed, the 
 large pores on the line of the septum would be shown as in fig. 
 1, pi. 4, and fig. 2, pi. 5. The inner wall is perforated by 
 smaller openings, and fewer of them, than the outer wall." 
 L^wer Camhrian. L. (Z 
 15 
 
Erim, 
 
 226 
 
 Erimophyllum profundum. — See page ^27, 
 
 
 
 Note.— The lower figure of Walcott's plate 1, viz : fig. 1 d, 
 has been inverted and cut to get it on the page. 
 
227 
 
 Ethm. 
 
 Ethmophyllum profundum. 
 
 {ArchmoGyathus profun- 
 dus^ Billings, 
 ^ll 1865, Foss. Pal. 
 '^m I, 4). ^alcott 
 Ka Bulletin, U. S. 
 ■Spf G. S. No. 30, p. 
 t^M 34 _piate 2, fig. 
 3a, cup of a 
 small specimen ; 
 fig. 3, cast of in- 
 side surface of 
 wall; fig. 35, sec- 
 tion of cup, filled 
 with cellular tis- 
 sue.— Plate l,fig. 
 Id^ enlarged 
 drawing of the 
 pointed stem of 
 the cup, to show 
 its anatomy; fig. 1(^, an outline cross section, showing the seg- 
 ment, of which fig. 1 is an enlarged drawing. Fig. Ic, is a sec- 
 tion of solid stem, natural size, {For these Hgures see opposite 
 page,, 226.) — Labrador, L'Anse au Loup, Straits of Belle Isle. 
 Lower Cambrian,^ L. C — {^See foot note on page ISJf. alove.'] 
 "^Ethmophyllum rarum. {Protocyathus rams, Ford, 1878, 
 
 ' * 5,) Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. S., 
 No. 30, page 87, plate 5, fig. 2, the 
 outer surface entirely removed; 
 fig. 2a, section of the lower or 
 small end, showing nine septa ; 
 f. 25., Ford's drawing of his type 
 specimen, outer surface removed, 
 about 21 septa. Bidge east of 
 Troy, N. Y. Conglomeiate lime- 
 stone, Lower Ganibrian,, L, C, — 
 [All these figures were marked M, 
 C, before the change to Lower 
 Cambrian had been made by Wal- 
 cott after his study of the Newfoundland section in 1888.] 
 
Ethm. 
 
 Ethmophyllum rensselaericum. 
 
 M.C 
 
 ( ArGhmocyathellus 
 pj c reMssel- 
 cericus. 
 Ford, 
 A.J.S., 
 1873, I, 
 fig. 1.) 
 Wal- 
 cott, 
 Bulle- 
 tin U. 
 
 S. Gr. S,, 
 
 No. 30, 
 page 85, 
 
 plate 5, fig. 1, nearly perfect specimen, magniiied three tim.es^ 
 showing outside porous surface; 1^, another, magniiied four 
 times^ with portions of outer wall removed to show septa and 
 poriferous surface of inner wall ; 15, cross section, 12 septa, and 
 pores of inner and outer walls, enlarged ; Ic, cross section of 
 upper end of la^ with 18 septa; d cross section where the walls 
 are thickened by additional layers. — Near Troy; species appar- 
 ently limited to the Conglomerate limestone. Z. C. 
 
 Eucalyptocrinus caelatus. {IlypanthoGrinites cmlatus.) 
 
 Hall, Geology of the Fourth district, N. Y., 
 1843, page 113, fig. 41, 1, showing 5 equal 
 bottom {pelvic) plates, supporting 5 square 
 {costal) with 5 large nine sided interme- 
 diate {intercostal) plates, making the sec- 
 ond row ; the third row is more complica- 
 ted, a beautiful arrangement for sustain- 
 ing the flexible arms of the coral. The 
 species resembles Euc. decorus^ but it is 
 smaller, and its plates are covered with tubercles, and its arms 
 deeply wrinkled. Found in N. Y. at Lockport, in Niagara lime 
 stone, Vb, — See Appendix. 
 
 Eucalyptocrinus constrictus. See Appendix 
 
 Eucalyptocrinus crassus. See Appendix. 
 
 Eucalyptocrinus ovalis. See Appendix. 
 
 Eucalyptocrinus roots. See Appendix, 
 
229 
 
 EUCA. 
 
 ' Eucalyptocrinus decor us. 
 
 ( HypanthoGvinites decorus. ) 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Geol. 
 
 Fourth 
 
 district, 
 
 N.Y., 
 
 1843, 
 
 page 113, 
 
 figs. 41, 
 
 l)is^ 2, 3. 
 
 (See 
 
 Phillips 
 
 Silurian Researches, page 672, pi. 17, 
 
 H(xll Zi-I II 3 n ill ^S- 3-) Differs from the last species 
 
 ' ™ ' ^ * 'in deep grooving of arms at upper 
 
 ends. Fig. 2 shows the internal cav- 
 it}^ where the head has been broken across. Niagara. Vh, 
 
 Eumetria 
 XI. 
 
 verneuiliana. 
 
 {Retzia verneuiliana^ Hall, 
 Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, 
 1856; Iowa Kt., 1858, plate 
 23, fig. 1; Whitfield, Bull. 3, 
 Am. Mus., 1882, plate 6,) 
 l^iiTT^ PI .2.9 Col lett's Indiana Rt. of 1882, 
 
 plate 29, i\g, 28, twice enlarged^ from Spergen Hill; fig. 29, one 
 from Paynter's Hill; fig. 30, hinge enlarged. — Note. It stands 
 next to Shumard's Terehratida {Eetzia., Eumetria) Marcyi of 
 Marcy's Rt. on Red River ; and De Koninck's Belgian Tere- 
 hraiula serpentina. Collett. — Subcarh. limestone.^ XI, 
 Eumicrotus hawni. (Meek & Hayden, Illinois Rt., Vol. 
 
 2, 1866, plate 27), Collett's Indiana Rt., 1883, 
 page 142, plate 30, fig. 10, natural size, out- 
 side of left valve. — Coal Measures of Kan- 
 sas and Upper coals of Illinois. — Doubt- 
 fully identified among specimens in Cabinet 
 of Wyoming Hist. Soc, Wilkes-Barre, from 
 upper anthracite {Mill Creek limestone., 
 \usi\ IQ^^'f^^t above conglomerate) by Heilprin 
 '^*^ in An. Rt. Geol. Sur., Pa., 1885, page 455, 
 *^'an obscure impression." — XV. 
 
 Eainicit'es coniinis., falcatus. paululus. See Worm teeth. 
 
EUOM. 
 
 230 
 
 Euomphalus catilloides. {Inachus undatus.) Emmons 
 
 Geology of 
 the Second 
 District of 
 
 New York, 
 1843, page 
 
 ,394,fig.l04 
 
 1. Irenton 
 
 formation . 
 
 (Conrad, 
 
 Jour. 
 
 Acad. Nat. 
 
 Sci.,Phila., 
 
 1342, Vol. 
 
 VIII.- See 
 
 Ue Kon- 
 
 inck's use 
 
 of the • 
 
 name in 
 
 18 41.— 
 
 Emmons 
 
 says it is 
 
 rare, found 
 
 in the Wa- 
 
 terto wn 
 
 blacklime- 
 
 stone ; 
 
 casts are 
 
 sometimes 
 
 seen which 
 
 are smooth 
 
 —lie. 
 
 EJ04. 
 
 Euomphalus clymineoides {Straparollus clymineoides) 
 Hall, 15th An. Rt., N. Y., 1862, named from its resemblance to 
 the genus Clymeiiia ; Sclioharie grit^ VII. — Specimen 883-37 
 (00, p. 238) from Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., in Sherwood's col- 
 lections of CTiemunq fossils, submitted to Prof. James Hall's 
 inspection, Dec. 1888. — F//and VIII g. See Appendix. 
 
 Euomphalus depressus. See Euomphalus hecale. VIII g. 
 
231 
 
 Edom. 
 
 H.I39J 
 
 Buomphalus hecale, {depressus,) .Hall, page 291, fig. 
 139, 1. (Name changed by Hall, Illust. Dev. Foss., 
 1876.—^". serpens? of Phillips' Pal. Foss. pi. 36, 
 p. 172.) Chemung formation. — Abundant in the 
 Panama conglomerate of W. New York (Carll's I, 
 107 ; III, p. 70) ; seen among the characteristic 
 forms ol the Third Oil Sand, at Howard's and 
 
 many other quarries in Erie, Co. (I. C. White's Et. QQQQ, p. 
 
 249.)— F///^. 
 
 ! ^^, EuompJialus hemisphericus. See Platystoma hemispher- 
 icum.) Vh. 
 
 Euomphalus pervetustus. ( CyGlostoma pervetusta ; also 
 ^ ..^^ .«. PlQUTotomaria pervetusta^ Conrad.) Hall, 
 
 Geol. 4th Dist. N. Y., 1843, page 48, fig. 6, 
 1, 2. Medina formation. (Conrad, An. Rt. 
 N. Y., pages 48, 69, 1839.)— 7F5. 
 
 [^ Euomphalus planispira. (Hall, Trans. Alb, Inst. Vol. 4, 
 1856. Straparolhis planispira^ S. A. Miller's 
 '^'- Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., 1877.— Whitfield, Bull. 3, 
 Am. Mus. N. H., 1882, plate 8, figs. 22, 23.) Col- 
 Wi/ lett's Indiana Rt., 1882, page 351, plate 31, figs* 
 '22, 23, upper and lower views of two specimens 
 from Bloomington, Ind. — XI. 
 
 Euomphalus planorhis, Belgium. Compare Euomphalus 
 spergenensis. XI. 
 
 Euomphahis profundus. See Bucania profunda. VL 
 
 Euomphalus quadrivolvis. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst., 1856. 
 y^l 25 Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1882, 
 
 !^ ^k Pl. 8,%s. 24,25.) Collett's Indiana Et, 1882, 
 ^^p, ^M page 349, plate 31, fig. 24, 25. — Spergen Hill and 
 ih^^^^'h^ 31 Bloomington, Ind. — XL 
 
 Euomphalus rotundus. Pleurotomaria rotunda. Villa. 
 
 Euomphalus rugosus. Hall. {Straparollus rugosus^ S, 
 
 A. Miller's Cat., 1877, omitted.) Collett's 
 Indiana Rt., plate 32, figs. 11, 12.— 
 Stevenson finds it in the shales under the 
 Mahoning SS. at Morgantown, and in the 
 Crinoidal liwestone^ 300' higher, (L, 37) 
 XIII XIV. — Beaver, Lawrence and 
 
EUOM. 
 
 232 
 
 Mercer Cos., Pa., in Ferriferous limestone (Q, 62, 200; Q2, 46. 
 106 ; Q3, 25 ; V. 147)— XZ//. 
 
 Euomphalus serpens. See Eu. hecale, VIII g. 
 
 Euomphalus spergenensis ; and its variety— Euom- 
 
 phalus planorbiformis (figs. 20, 21.)— (Hall, Trans. Alb. 
 Inst., 1856; Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1882, 
 plate 8, figs. 16 to 21.) Oollett's Indiana Rt., 1882, pp. 350 
 351, plate 31, figs. 16 to 21.— Subcarboniferous limestone of 
 Spergen Hill, etc., Ind., X/.— Note. Like Euom,phalus Icevis 
 of Europe, Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond., Vol. 6, plate 33. Also 
 Euomphalus planorUs of De Koninck's Foss., Belgium, plate 
 25. It exhibits a great variety of form, from a flat whorl to a 
 spire. Collett. 
 
 Euomphalus subrugosus. Meek and Worthen. In Fay- 
 ette and Westmoreland Cos., Pa., in Crinoidal limestone, 250' 
 below Pitts. Coal ; and in Ferriferous limestone on the Ohio 
 river below Raccoon Cr., Beaver Co. (K, 346 ; K3, 310 ; H4, p. 
 78.)— X/ZZ, XIV. See Appendix. 
 
 Euomphalus sulcatus. Hall, Geology of the Fourth Dis- 
 trict, N. Y., 1843, page 137, fig. 54,4, from two 
 different shells, the larger one showing its 
 base; the lines and furrows of equal size readily 
 distinguish this species. It resembles the 
 English Euomphalus sculptus. but is smaller, 
 and has four whorls. Abundant at Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y., 
 in the Salina. V c. 
 
 Euomphalus ungulatus. See Ophileta uniangulatus. H. 
 D. Kogers, Geol. Pa., Vol. 2, 1858, p. '^ll.— Black river, lie. 
 
 Euomphalus ? Lehigh Co., Pa., Prime's Rt. (D2, p. 
 
 21, D3, p. 161, 183) and Euomphalus or Maclurea of Chazy 
 aspect, found in Lehigh Co., Pa., by Mr. Clark, in P. Nero^s 
 farm quarry, 2 m.. E. of Ballietsville (D2, p. 1\.)—IIl? 
 
 Euomphalus (or Maclurea) poorly preserved in J. Dech's 
 farm quarry, Northampton Co., Pa., li m. S. W. of Bath, near 
 
233 
 
 EUOM. 
 
 Jacksonville road, (D3, 161) — II h? — Also in cross road south 
 of Bath and W. of K. R., rather abundant in quarry, of prob- 
 ably Calciferous age (D3, 183) — II a? — Similar forms were 
 obtained from the same great limestone formation in Canoe 
 Valley, Blair Co. (C. E. HalPs Rt. Proc. A. P. S., Jan. 5, 
 m^.—IIa? II h? 
 
 Euomphalus, Chemung forms in lower 500' of Randall's 
 Warren Section (I, p. 54.) — VIII g. 
 
 Euomphalus, very minute, silicified in vast numbers, (with 
 Bellerophons and Bryozoa) in many outcrops of the Washing- 
 ton Middle (No. 4) limestone of the Upper Barren Coal 
 Measures of S. W. Pa., especially near Washington, Pa. (K, 
 p. 49, 242; K3, 306.)— XFZ 
 
 Euphoberia armigera. Meek and Worthen. A centepede 
 
 of the Coal age, found in a 
 Mazon creek nodule, lUmois. 
 Zittel's Handbuch der Pal., 
 1885, Vol. 2, p. 729, fig. 898. 
 Natural size. See Acanther- 
 pestes, and Amynilispes, 
 belonging to the same family 
 
 CoUett's Indiana Report of 
 1883, page 172, plate 
 39, fig. 2, natural size. 
 This specimen (imper- 
 fect) of a crustacean 
 differing from E u - 
 proops Dance, was 
 found by Mr. Josephus 
 CoUett on the split 
 surface of an ironstone 
 ball in the Coal meas- 
 ures at Darkee's ferry, 
 
 VigoCo.,Ind.— X///.^ 
 — This is wider and 
 
 loss spiny than Eup- 
 
 roops dance., but may 
 
 1 35 ^^ ^^ ^^^ same species. 
 
 of Euphol)eridce. — XIII. 
 Euproops colletti. White. 
 
 XIK. 
 
EUPR. 
 
 234 
 
 Euproops danae. 
 
 XIU, 
 
 (nd.im. 
 
 {Bellimirus damie^ Meek and Worthen, 
 Proc. -Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
 1865; Illinois Rt., Vol. 2, 1866, 
 p. 395, and Vol.3, 1868, p. 547.) 
 CoUett's Indiana Rt., 1883, page 
 170, plate 39, fig. 1, natural size^ 
 partly restored. The first speci- 
 mens of this aboriginal horse- 
 shoe crab of the Coal Age, 
 looked like Bellinurus ; but 
 those afterwards found diifered 
 enough to make a new genus Eu- 
 2)rodps. — Mazon Creek, Grundy 
 Co., 111. — Dr. A. S. Packard, 
 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 
 1888, rejects Euproops 
 for Prestwichia dance ^ 
 and Prestwichia longi- 
 spina. — XIIL 
 
 Eurylepis tubercu- 
 
 latus. (Newberry, Pal. 
 
 Ohio, Vol. 1, p. 350, pi. 
 
 38, figs. 2, a^ J, 3, a.) 
 
 ^_ Zittel, Vol. 3, 194, fig„ 
 
 Eurypterus mansfieldi. {Doliohopterus mansHeldi^ 0« 
 
 Zitta. 
 
 •EuBi'PTBBis Mansfieldi. 
 
 i Hciff. ■Gto/j.?ci. f?f\ 
 
 
235 
 
 EURY. 
 
 E. Hall, Proceedings of American Philosophical Society, Phila- 
 delphia. Found by Mr. Mansfield in his Kittanning (Darling- 
 ton) coal bed roof shales. (Q, 56, 72.) XIII, 
 
 Eurypterus {Anthraconectes) mazonensis. (Meek and 
 
 WlMt — — 1^/, PI. 37. 
 
 Worthen. Amer. Jour. Science, Vol. 46, 1868, page 21 ; Illinois 
 Keports, Vol. 3, 1868, page 544.) Oollett's Indiana Et., 1882, 
 page 168, plate 37, fig. 1, natural size, outline (indistinct) ; a. 
 J, c, crushed and broken legs; AA, impressions of the angular 
 ends of the back half of the body segments ; m, hypostoma 
 (under lip) in place ; ^, an imperfect paddle (natural joint at 
 ^ -^j ; ^^? basal segments of paddles ; M, mesial appendage of 
 operculum; 1, 2, 3 its apparent joints ; x, x, tt, its side wings; 
 0, place of the mouth. Fig. 2, the hypostoma enlarged. Fig. 
 3, part of paddle enlarged to show how its surface is sculptured. 
 — This unique little crustacean had larger cousins in the Goal 
 era; but their time was nearly past; for the real age of these 
 
EURY. 
 
 336 
 
 creatures was at the close of Silurian times, when the Waterlime 
 deposits were made. — Mazon creek nodule, 111. XIII. 
 Eurypterus pulicaris, Salter. Dawson's Acadian Geology, 
 V//I ^^W %^ /79 1868, page 523, fig. 179, a sort 
 
 of schrimp, found in the De- 
 vonian ^\'divA> beds at St. 
 John, JST. Brunswick. In the 
 same beds are many wings of 
 ephemeral flies (Neuropterid insects.) — VIII, IX. 
 
 Eurypterus remipes. Vanuxeni. Report on the Geology 
 of the Third, or Middle District of New York, 
 1844, page 100, fig. 17. (See Hall's numerous 
 and elaborate figures in Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3, 
 plates 30 to 84.) — Salina (or Onondaga) forma- 
 tion, Y G. — For a^guTes see Appendix, 
 
 Eurypterus remipes ? Conjectured by I. 0. White to be 
 in the Olean (Garland, bottom of Pottsville) Conglomerate, in 
 Venango Co., Pa. (Q, p. 72.)— X//. 
 
 Favistella stellata. (Hall, Pal. N. Y., 1847, Vol. 1. Hudson 
 
 
 river formation.) Collett's Indiana Rt. of 1881, page 378, 
 plate 44, figs. 1, 2 (drawn by Van Oleve), top and bottom 
 views of a colony of coral tubes. See Collett'slnd. Rt. of 1882, 
 page 247, plate 1, fig. 2, the lower side of acorallum deprived of 
 its skin (decorticated). Fig. 3, cross section, enlarged^ show- 
 ing the internal constitution of the several coral tubes. Fig. 4, 
 section lengthwise. — Lorraine {Hudson river) shale, Illi. 
 
237 
 
 Favo 
 
 M.l^^l 
 
 ?1. 44 . 
 
 Favosites alveolaris. Hal],Geol.of the Fourth or Western 
 
 District of N. Y. 1843, page 157, 
 fig. 61, 1, which has a honeycomb 
 structure ; transverse septa in- 
 terrupted ; no visible pores. 
 Fig. 1«, a specimen with larger 
 columns, shows pores on the 
 angles. Williamsville, Erie Co.; 
 Leroy, Genesee Co.; Caledonia. 
 Livingston Co., N. Y. All in 
 Upper Ilelderherg ( Onondaga) 
 limestone. (DeBlainville, Man- 
 ual d'Actinologie, 1834. — For 
 synonyms see Miirchison's SiL 
 Res. p. ^%%—yiII a. 
 
Favo. 
 
 238 
 
 Favosites arbusculus. Hall, 111. Dev. Foss. 1876, Hamil- 
 ton. Collected by Claypole at north end Dorran's narrows, 
 Mr. Tuomy's, Centre t.. Perry Co., Pa., Hamilton upper shale 
 (Spec. 118-14, three).— VIII c. See Appendix. 
 Favosites basalticus. {Calamopora hasaltioa^ Goldfuss, 
 ^e^C-el^S^.^.. 1826.) Billings in 
 
 V I Ikilflt-A^^^^i^^^ Collett's Indiana Re- 
 
 port 011881, page 394, 
 plate 54, fig. 1. Side 
 view of a portion of a 
 corallum. — Devonian 
 rocks in Canada. — 
 VIII ? 
 
 Favosites can- 
 adensis ? Doubt- 
 fully recognized in 
 specimen 601-26 of 
 Hale and HalPs Orbi- 
 sonia collections, 
 1875, (00, p. 235) 
 "^^^^^^gfW from Lower HeUer- 
 
 . J5^f ;^^^'^^^«^f -^^^^ 'fi 54. lerg rocks. VI 
 
 Favosil^es conicus. Hall, 26th An. Rt. 1874, Lower Hel- 
 
 derberg. Collected by Dr. Barrett from White's L. H. Storm- 
 
 ville shales. Pike Co., Pa., Port Jervis, N. Y. (G6, p. 132)— VI. 
 
 Note. Other favosites occur in the still lower ^tormville 
 
 limestone (p. 133).— F7. See Appendix, 
 
 Favosites emmonsi. (Rominger, Foss. Corals, 1876, page 
 
 27). Favo- 
 sites em- 
 monsi, — 
 (Halllllu. 
 Devon.fos- 
 sils, 1876, 
 plate 9). 
 Em mon- 
 sia hemis- 
 pheric a. 
 Edwards 
 & Haime. 
 
 hxi 
 
 aiii!;iiiilli]iiiiii 
 
239 
 
 Favo. 
 
 Favosites favosus. ( Calamopora favosa^ Petref. Germ. 
 1 2 
 
 ^'^""IMI 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 
 '•■•^^^•-^ 
 
 JTid.IS 
 
 
 '•^^^^^^• «^=»t^g t^^«1 ^1 Q 
 
 1826). OoUett's Indiana Keport of 1882, page 253, plate 
 3, fig. 1 (Van Cleve) top view; fig. 2, side view; fig. 3, side 
 view, enlarged, to show pores ; fig. 4, cross section, enlarged^ 
 showing number and position of pores. — Characteristic and 
 common coral of Niagara formation in Europe and America. — 
 Note. Another illustration is given by Oollett in Indiana Ke- 
 
 other in A. Win- 
 chelPs Geol. Stu- 
 !^%1^^il^f?^^^^^ dies, 1886, p. 220, 
 
 ^^ ^ ^^ _ .^ -^ ^.^ _ _ ^^^ Pennsylvania 
 
 found in Lycom- 
 ing Co., in 65' 
 limestone, say 
 500' above Olin- 
 ton Ore ss. (T, 
 p. 43), i. e» in. 
 Salina^ V c. 
 
 
 
 htcUssr 
 
Fato. 
 
 240 
 
 Favosites fibrosus. Hall, Geology of the Fourth District, 
 
 N. Y. 1843, page 
 159, figs. 62, 1 
 and 2 magniUed, 
 This fossil, witPi its 
 varieties, ranges 
 from the Clinton 
 up to the Hamil- 
 ton, The figure 
 'is from abundant 
 specimens seen on 
 the surfaces of the 
 Onondaga lime- 
 stone. ( Upp e r 
 Helderherg) at 
 Clarence, Erie Co., N. Y. It appears to be Goldiuss's Calamopora 
 Hhrosa. See Phillips, Sil. Res. p. 683, pi. 15 his^ fig. 6. — Villa, 
 Favosites forbesi, var. occidentalis. See Appendix. 
 Favosites gothlandicus. Hall, Report on Fourth district 
 
 of New York, 1843, page 157, figs. 
 61, 2, 2a, 26. Upper Helderberg 
 formation. (2a, one tube magnified 
 twice; 2b, a fragment, showing the 
 cross lamellas of the interior). — 
 (Lamarck, Histoire des Animaux 
 sans Yertebre, 1816), — VIII a. 
 
 The fossil is a mass of solid columns 
 showing the pores on the sides of the 
 tubes. Specimens verify Lonsdale's 
 observation that a single and a 
 double row of pores exist together 
 even on one and the same column, 
 
 Favosites helderbergise. Hall, 26th An. Rt. 1874, Lower 
 Helderberg.— Collected by Dr. Barrett, at Port Jervis, from 
 White's Stormville limestone (G6, p. 134).— Collected by 
 White in the same, in the Montour region (G7, p. 89, 101), at 
 Esk's (247), Lime ridge (261), Appleman's (300, 348), Derr's 
 (311) quarries; and in the L. H. Stromatopora led. Low. Mah. 
 t., Northumberland Co. (376).— A large mass of it, weathered 
 
 VJII-a. 
 
 H.bK 
 
241 
 
 Favo, 
 
 out of its matrix, at McConnelltowii cliffs, Huntingdon Co. 
 (T3, 201) ; and among Strornatopora in Juniata Sand Oo.'s 
 quarry cliff on Mill cr. (p. 269.)— In Bedford Co., abundant in 
 transition lime-sand beds of L. Held, into Oriskany, Hyndman 
 sect. (T2, 86) ; chert beds 150' below top of Oriskany (p. 104), 
 Pine ridge, King t. (p. 134); Mann's quarry, Monroe t. (p. 187). 
 —VI-VII.— Specimens in the cabinet (00, p. 234) 601-2,3, 28, 
 and 601-33 (eight specimens, mostly conical or spherical) from 
 1 J m. S. of Rockhill furnace. Orbisonia, Hunt. Co.— 606-1, 4 
 (seven specimens), and 608-4 from Walpack bend, Monroe Co. 
 All from Loruer Ilelderherg^ VI. — See Appe?idix. 
 Favosites hemisphericus. ( Calamopora alveolaris, Gold- 
 
 hx^.m 
 
 Iu8s). — Properly Eninionsia JiemispheriGa^ described lirst by 
 Troost, 1840, at the Falls of the Ohio, 5th Geol. Report of Ten- 
 nessee; then by Yandelland Shumard, 1847, Contributions to 
 Geol. Ky.; then by Rominger, 1876; Hall, 111. Dev. Foss. 1876, 
 — Favosites tuvMnatus (Billings, 1859); not the F. hemispheri- 
 16 
 
Favo. 
 
 242 
 
 cus described by Edwards and Haime in 1851. (Collett). — Col- 
 lett's Indiana Report of 1881, page 396, plate 54, fig. 2, under 
 view of a corallum. Indiana Report of 1882, page 257, plate 5^ 
 fig. 1, [half of the] upper side of a corallum to show size and 
 form of corallites. Fig. 2, [half of the] lower surface, skin 
 (epitheca) dissolved away, showing the tubes and their parti- 
 tions (septa). — In the U. S. and Canada common in Upper 
 Helderberg {Corniferous) limestone. — VIII a. 
 
 Favosites limitaris. {Calamopora spongites. Goldfuss.) — 
 
 (Rominger, 1876. Foss. Corals, Corniferous.) So called be- 
 cause lying next to Cladopora. CoUett's Indiana Rt. of 1882, 
 page 256, plate 4, fig. 5 ; specimen with large branches. Fig. 
 6, more slender, and frequently branching. — In Canada, Mich- 
 igan, Indiana and Kentucky, Corniferous^ Villa. 
 
 Favosites lycoperdon. See Monticuliporalycoperdon. 
 Favosites lycopodites. Vanuxem. Third District, 1844, 
 H L ,^^^g»j^ page 46, fig. 4, 3. Emmons' Second 
 
 JLb. j^^^^ District, 1843, page 389, fig. 99, 3. 
 
 This puff-ball favosite, a mass of 
 small angular cells, side by side, 
 characterises abundantly the Tren- 
 ton and dies out in the lower TJtica. 
 At Frankford, Ky. called Trianisites diifordii.^ (Van.) — lie. 
 
243 
 
 Favo. 
 
 Favosites niagarensis. (See Appendix.) 
 
 Pavosites polymorpha. (Goldfuss.) Oollett's Indiana Ke- 
 
 po r t o f 
 
 1881, 
 page 395, 
 plates 50, 
 ^^^ fig. 1; and 
 *' 53,figs;i, 
 2, 3,:; (of 
 which I 
 select a 
 
 large 
 speci- 
 men, and 
 
 a frag- 
 ment, 
 show i n g 
 the sides 
 of a bun- 
 dle of cor- 
 allites. — 
 This coral 
 grew in a 
 
 lul.lSS 
 
 PI. 53. 
 
 great variety of shapes in the Corniferous limestone age. Ylllh. 
 
 Favosites spinigerus. See Appendix, 
 
 Favosites venustus. ( Astrocerium venustum. Hall, Pal. 
 
 N. Y., Vol. 2. 
 Niagara. ) 
 Collett's In- 
 diana Report 
 
 
 imen with 
 upper surface 
 removed, to 
 
 show form of cell tubes; and vertical section showing transverse 
 diaphrams. Fig. 8. upper surface of slightly weathered speci- 
 men. — Niagara formation. Vh. 
 
Favo. 
 
 244 
 
 Favosites ? in coral beds, 30' feet below top of L. Held. 
 
 limestone, Powell's quarry. Cove station, Hunt. Co., Pa. (T3, 
 123). — Also on weathered surfaces of Cherty limestone near 
 New Paris, Napier, Bedford Co. (T2, 121). — Abound in a 
 limestone 260' under Oriskany, in Weaver's run section, Hope- 
 well, Hunt. Co. (T3, 156.) YL • 
 
 Favosites ? well preserved in Clinton fossil ore led-) 
 
 Jac. Walters' mine, Bedford Co. (T2, 153), Va. 
 
 Favosite specimen in Hamilton strata^ in Fellows' coll., 
 1876 (00, p.235),Dingman's Ferry, Pike Go.— VIII c. 
 
 Favosite specimen in Drift on Pine creek, Venango Co., Pa. 
 (0,3056). 
 
 Felis. Two hand bones of a species of Jaguar; and a tooth 
 as large as a tiger's; found in the cave at Port Kennedy, 
 Chester Co., Pa. Postpleiocene. See Appeiidix. 
 
 Fenestella acmea. See Appendin, 
 
 Fenestella ambigua. See Appendix. 
 
 Fenestella lyelli, Dawson. Acadian Geol., 1868, p. 288, f. 
 
 -86: ^^' ^ 
 XI. a ^ .^ t), _.^^ .^-i;=^^'^;^ beaut i - 
 
 fulpoly- 
 
 z oon 
 
 s chara c - 
 
 teris tic 
 
 of one 
 
 of the 
 
 carbon - 
 
 ifer o u s 
 
 lime- 
 stone beds of Windsor series. Nova Scotia. — XL 
 
 Fenestella milleri ? Owen, Geol. Wis. Iowa and Minn. 
 
 f»i ."♦*** .».v 'i ^K^ .^^ jfi^^ 1852, plate 3 A, fig. 21, from 
 
 Dawson. Acad. Geol. 1868 
 
 m< 
 
 JW' .VI & f fit 
 
 
 hi 
 
 t*tti% 
 
 ' limestone supposed to be of 
 
 U*l the age of the Hamilton 
 
 ^^,; group of New York; given 
 
 ./*■ ^*il here as a good representa- 
 
 '' . y tion of the look of these 
 
 ^ ^' beautiful fossils as they lie 
 
 ^' ^^- , scattered in fragments 
 
 l#l if through the mass of the 
 
 c,v,. r.rTi. limestone rock. — VIII c. 
 
24:5 
 
 Fene. 
 
 Fenestella 
 Mill 
 
 moulds. {Cryptopora miraMlis^ Davidson.) 
 
 Hall, An. 
 Et. 1884, 
 Albany, 
 1885, p. 
 
 41, figs . 
 A, C; p. 
 
 42, fig. A. 
 The little 
 
 'Hallr^r^n.Rf^Ny.lf^^^'^'^^'^ fin.4;^ifZ. windows 
 
 of the 
 
 coral animal have been filled with mineral matter, and then 
 
 the animal structure has been dissolved away from around and 
 
 between the window-moulds. Corniferous. — Villa, 
 
 Fenestella planiramata. Spec. 805-13, from Bell's Mills, 
 Blair Co.— Also 805-3, 16, 19, 21, 22, casts and fragments un- 
 determined from the same locality ; all from Hamilton shale, 
 VIITc. — See Appendix. 
 
 Fenestella parvulipora. See Appendix. 
 
 Fenestella punctistriata. See Appendix, 
 
 Fenestella, collected by C. E. Hall, at Marshall's creek 
 Monroe Co., Pa., 1875. — Collected by Claypole in Perry Co., at 
 Barnett's Mills, Hamilton upper shales (Spec. 5-2, 20, with 
 Rhynehonella horsfordi)^ VIII c. — Also 1 m. E. of Pine Grove, 
 Miller t, Perry Co., in Chemung (Spec. 151-4) VIII g.— 
 From a very foss. bed, S. bank Juniata below Huntingdon, 
 250' under Chemung Lower (Allegrippus) Conglomerate, and 
 —Stony Brook beds of Montour region. (T3, 193.) VIII g.— 
 In Bedford, Mason's quarry, (T2, 187.) F/.— Spec, in Carll 
 and Randall's collections at Warren. VIII-IX. 
 
 Fenestella ? Specimens, 801-12, 14, 15, Marshall's 
 
 Creek, Monroe Co. Villa. 
 
 Fenestella ? New species (G. B. Simpson) speci- 
 men 801-13 (impressions of cell, and non-calcareous face) 
 from Marshall's Creek, Monroe Co., Hamilton,, VIII c. 
 
 Fenestella ? Thirteen specimens, nearlj^ all one 
 
 species, impressions, but in such a condition as not to be speci- 
 fically identified (G. B. S., 1888), marked 804-61, from Mar- 
 shall's Creek. — Also from the same locality 804-32, 44, 45, 71, 
 85, impressions too obscure. VIII c. 
 
Fill 
 
 246 
 
 Filicites 
 
 VIII. g^- 
 
 Hall 
 
 Hall, Geology of the Fourth District of 
 
 New York, 1843, page 
 273, fig. 125. It is^ 
 found in considerable 
 numbers at Ithaca, 
 Hector and Enfield 
 in Tompkins Co., N. 
 Y.,in Che7nung strata.. 
 At first sight it ap- 
 pears like a plant, 
 some species of Fili- 
 cites; but its uniform 
 size, the regular angle 
 at which the leaves 
 are given oiF from the 
 stipe, and the absence 
 of carbonaceous mat- 
 ter, suggest a stronger 
 resemblance to the 
 tentaculated fingers 
 of a crinoid (or coral- 
 line) animal ; or per- 
 haps that it is allied 
 to the Sertularia. 
 (Hall. 1843). Com- 
 pare Shumard's polyp 
 Plunialina, Compare 
 also certain tracks in 
 the mud made by in- 
 sects or small crusta- 
 cean animals. VIII g^ 
 
247 Fene. 
 
 Fenestella . Rogers, page 827, fig. 656, Hamilton 
 
 formation. — AV i t h 
 an unnamed Fene- 
 stella in Owens' 
 Report on t)ie Geol- 
 ogy of the nortli- 
 
 A, fig. 16, from Iowa limestones probably of Hamilton age, 
 added for comparison. — VIII c. 
 
 Fenestella, not named, (G. B. S. 1888) on Specs. 807-3 
 (two casts of fragments) ; 807-15 (casts of frond) ; 807-12 
 (non cell face) ; all from Kintner's farm, Monroe Co., Pa. (00, 
 p. 235) from Hamilton strata, VIII c. 
 
 Ferns of many kinds in the roof shales and partings of coal 
 beds. See Aleohopteris, Neuropteris, etc., etc. 
 
 Fern in Clinton strata, near Orbisonia, Huntingdon Co., 
 Pa. (00, p. 233), specimen 508-22.— F^. 
 
 Fieoides and Ficoidites. See Stigmaria. 
 
 Filicites osniundiformis and vesioularis. European. See 
 Odontopteris schlotheimii. XIII 
 
 Fish spines. See Ichthyodorulite ; Onchus ; Ctenacan- 
 thus, etc.— Fish teeth. See Hydodus ; Petalodus, etc.— 
 Fish scales and buckler plates. See Holoptychius ; Eury- 
 lepis, etc. — Fish duiig. See CoproUtes. 
 
 Fish remains are abundant in the Pennsylvania formations 
 from the Clinton, Va. up to the Coal Measures; and would be 
 found in great numbers, no doubt, in the New Red (Trias, etc.) 
 if search were made Ibr them. — S. A. Miller's indispensable 
 Catalogue of Pah«ozoic fossils, published by the author in Cin- 
 cinnati, O., No. 8, West 3d street, 1877 (revised and enlarged, 
 1883) gives the following list of American genera of fish : (1) 
 of the order of Gar-pike {ganoid) , (2) Shark {Selachian.) 
 
 GANOIDEI. — Acanthaspis, Acantholepis, Acrolepis, Am- 
 blypterus, Anaclitacanthus, Aspidichthys, Asterosteus, Catop- 
 terus, Cephalaspis, Coccosteus, Coelacanthus, Conchodus, 
 Ctenodus, Cyrtacanthus, Dinichthys, Dipterus, Eurylepis, He- 
 liodus, Holoptychius, Liognathus, Macropetalichthys, Mecolep- 
 sis, Onychodus, PalfBoniscus, Peplorhina, Platysomus, Pterich- 
 thys, Pygopterus, Rhizodus, Rhynchodus. 
 
Fene. 248 
 
 ORDER SELACHII. — Acondylacanthus, Agassizodus, Am- 
 acanthus, Anlliodus, Apedodus, Aspidodiis, Asteroptychius^ 
 Batacanthus, Bathycheilodus, Bythiacanthus, Oalopodus, Car- 
 charopsis, Cheirodus, Cholodus, Chomatodus, Cladodus, Cli- 
 maxodus, Cochliodus, Compsacanthus, Otenacauthus, Ctenop- 
 etalus, OtenoptychLiis, Cymatodus, Dactylodus, Deltodus, Des- 
 miodus, Diplodus, Drepanacanthus, Edestes, Erismacanthiis, 
 Fissodus, Gampsacanthus, Geisacanthus, Glymmatacanthus^ 
 Gyracanthus, Harpacodus, Helodus, Ilybacladodus, Lambdo- 
 diis, Lecracanthus, Leiodus, Leptophractus, Lisgodiis, Listra- 
 canthus, Machaeracanthus, Marracanthus, Mesodmodus, Ora- 
 canthus, Orodus, Orthacaiithus, Peltodus, Periplectrodus, Fe- 
 ripristis, Fetalodus, Petalorhynchus, Fetrodus, Fhoebodus> 
 Fhysonemus, Flatyodus, Fleuracanthus, Fnigeacanthus, Foecil- 
 odiis, Folyrhizodus, Fristicladodus, Fristodus, Fsammodus, Fse- 
 phodus, Ftyctodus, Sandalodus, Steuimatodus, Stenacanthus, 
 Tanaodus, Thrinacodus, Trigonodus, Venustodus, Xystracan- 
 tlius, Xystrodus. — Also the more recently formed genera : 
 
 Chitonodus, Copodus, Deltodopsis, Deltoptychius, Ectosteora- 
 chis, Eimemacanthus, Janassa, Orthopleurodus, Falceobatis, 
 Ftyonodus, Rhadininichtliys, Stenopterodus, T^sneodus, Tomo- 
 dus, Vaticiaodus. 
 
 Of this long list we owe most of our knowledge to Dr. New- 
 berry, State Geologist of Ohio, and his numerous figures in the 
 Paheontological Volumes of that Survey; much to St. John 
 and Worthen, of the Illinois survey ; much to Dr. Leidy 
 and Frof. Cope. Very few genera and species have been ac- 
 curately determined from Fennsylvania ; the numerous speci- 
 mens collected are still to be studied and distributed to their 
 places in the lists. 
 
 The oldest itsh spine known was found in Ferry Co., Fa., by 
 Frof. Claypole, in the Clinton Iron Sajidstone^ with fragments 
 of scales and plates and small pellets (apparently cojprolites). 
 See Onchus clintoni (F2, xii, and Spec. 50a-7, four.)— f-F«. 
 
 The next oldest he found in Ferry Co., spints and plates in 
 the Bloom-field sandstone at the top of the Salina. See Onchus 
 pennsylvanicus ; Palaeaspis americana ; Palaeaspis bi- 
 truncata. (F2, xii.) — Vg, 
 
 The fossil fish beds of Fennsylvania, co- extensive with the 
 
249 Fish. 
 
 State, are in the Chemung-Oatskill passage beds, and in the 
 Oatskill formation (VIII-IX.) It was supposed that they all 
 belonged to the Oatskill; but Olaypole in Perry Co., and White 
 in the North Branch, Susquehanna region, have found an 
 abundance of Chemung fossils in the many hundred feet of red 
 shales and sandstones overlying the lowest great Fish bed. (F2, 
 XV ; G7.) In Potter Co. several distinct fish horizons are well 
 marked; and throughout the northern tier of counties the spe- 
 cial local horizons of fish do not correspond in different dis- 
 tricts; so that the Upper Devonian age must have had a popu- 
 lous sea from first to last; and in the north-western countit'S 
 the remains of fish are abundant in Subcarboniferous and Car- 
 boniferous deposits fPocono X, Mauch Chunk. X/, Conglom- 
 erate XI I^ Lower Coal Measures XII.) See Holoptychius. 
 
 Fish remains. Specimens in the cabinet (00. p. 236), 
 spec. 804-103 (fish scale) in Fellows and Genth's coll. on Mar- 
 shall's creek, Monroe Co, Hamilton VIII c. — 852-8, Sher- 
 wood's col. at Covington, 860-19; 860-20; near Mansfield, 
 Tioga Co., Pa. All in Upper Chemung VIII g.— Spec. 873-2, 
 in Sherwood's coll. at Meshoppen, Wyoming Co., Pa , in C/ie- 
 mung ( Catskill) VIII g-IX. — 889-4 (fish scale) in Sherwood's 
 collections at Roulette, Potter Co., in Chemung VIII g.—'^^^ 
 -5 (plate), 890-6 (end of clavicle), Sherwood, E. Liberty, Brad- 
 ford Co. VIIIg.—%m-1-% (bone), -9 (head plate), -10 (tooth). 
 Sherwood, Logan Station, Lycoming Co. in Hays' iron ore hed 
 Upper Chemung^ VIII g. — 900-1 (six specimens offish scales, 
 all apparently of one species, part of the surface covered with 
 concentric lines, remainder of surface marked with strong, 
 sinuous, parallel ridges), 900-2 (seven scales, with concentric 
 lines, and dotted surface), 900-3 (four slabs, with fish scales, 
 like the preceding), 900-4 (a slab with several scales), 900-5 
 (a scale and a spine), 900-6 six (scale and pine), 900 (speci- 
 mens of scales), 900-7 (a spine), 900-8 (a tooth, and scales), 
 all the above in Sherwood's collections on Seeley branch 
 of Timber creek, 5 m. N. E. of Mansfield, Tioga Co., Pa. 
 from Catskill strata., IX. — 901-2 (eleven various fish plates), 
 901-3 (two fish plates), 901-4 (plates), 901-5 (head plates), 
 901-6 (plates), all in Sherwood's coll. from Sellard's iron ore 
 led., Tioga Co., Pa. Upper Chemung., VIII g — 902-1 (twenty- 
 seven specimens of fish scales), 902-2 (eight, remains), 902- 
 3-4 (plate), 902-5 (tooth), 902-9 (plates), all in Sherwood's 
 
Fist. 
 
 250 
 
 coll. 4 m. N. W. of Mansfield, Tioga Co. /X— 904-1 (twenty- 
 nine specimens of fish scales), 904-2 (large fish plates), from 1 
 m. S. of Auburn Center, Susq. Co. F///-/X— 1000-4 (obscure 
 remains), 1000-6 (spine), 1000-7 (very obscure), 1000-8 (small 
 fish spine ?), 1000-13 (tooth), 1000-14 (spine and plate), 1000- 
 15 (scale ?), 1000-19 (obscure fish and plant remains), all in 
 I. C. White's coll. at Brookfield Coal Co. tunnel, Trumbull Co., 
 O., 2 m. S. W. of Sharon, Pa., from Cuyahoga shales. IX? Zf 
 — C2-9& (fish tooth) in C. E. Hall's coll. Harvey's Five Points, 
 Westmoreland Co., Pa., from Carboniferous limestone^ XIII. 
 — C6-6 (seven hand specimens with many small fish scales) in 
 I. C. White's coll. near J. Hoge's, Centretown, H ni- fi^^m 
 Oak Forest, Greene Co. from Upper coal measures, XV. 
 Fistulipora canadensis. (Billings, 1859, Can. Nat. and 
 
 GeoL, Vol. 4, p. 98, 
 IV f ltei^BWlS55l^^&-WS@k Devonian ) . C o 1 - 
 
 lett's Indiana Re- 
 port of 1881, page 
 396, plate 47, fig. 1, 
 
 fig. 2, 
 walls and 
 corallites; 
 mdary tab 
 
 -p. .y ulae of parenchy- 
 ' * • ' ' man not well shown- 
 
 .1881, 
 
 Hamilton formation; frequent in New York and Canada; 
 abundant in Indiana.— Spec. 804-46 (00, 235, F. & G.'s coll. on 
 Marshall Creek, Monroe Co., Pa., 1875, from Hamilton strata 
 (too poor to identify species, G. B. S., 1888), VIII c. 
 Footprints. See Ornithichnites (bird tracks). 
 Forbesiocrinus communis. (Hall, Crinoids of the 
 V -f 2^a' Waverly sandstone, 
 
 *^ ■ O h i o . — Taxocrinus 
 communis suggested 
 by S. A. Miller's Cat 
 Amer. Pal. Fossils, 
 1877, page 288). A- 
 Winchell's Geol. 
 Studies, 1886, page 
 A -Win. Geo. St. 18^6""^^^^^^ - 326, fig. 234.— X 
 
251 
 
 Ford. 
 
 Fordilla troyensis. 
 
 Barrande. Walcott, Bulletin U. S. 
 Plate XI G. S. No. 30, page 125, 
 plate XI, fig. 3, right 
 valve enlarged Uve 
 times; fig. 36ij, another ; 
 fig. 3&, interior cast of 
 a right valve, showing 
 the muscular marks; 
 fig. 3(?, left valve, en- 
 larged Hve tim.es, (See 
 Barrande's Etudes loc. 
 et comp. Acephales, 8°, 
 plate 361). Near Troy, 
 and Shodack landing, N. Y. Lower Cambrian^ L. C. 
 
 FuGoides, See Sea weeds. 
 
 FuGoides hilobata. See Rusophycus bilobatus. V a. 
 FuGoides eaudagalli. See Spirophyton caudagalli. VII. 
 FuGoides demissus. See Phytopsis tubulosa. // b, 
 FuGoides graGilis, See Buthotrephis gracilis. V a. 
 FuGoides allegheniensis. See Harlania halli. IV, 
 Fucoides hrongniarti. See Harlania halli. IV. 
 FuGoides Miformis, See Rhacophyllum filiforme. XIII. 
 Fucoides graphica. Hall, page 241, fig. 104. Vanuxem, 
 
Fuco. 
 
 252 
 
 page 172, fig. 43. Portage formation^ VIII f. — In the Pa. R. 
 R. cut below Huntingdon on the Juniata, beds No. 63 of 
 White's section (T3, 265) are covered with Mud flow casts 
 (See Mudflow below), and hold also fucoides grophica. This 
 wears a significant resemblance to the phenomenon in Western 
 New York. It casts doubt on supposed volcanic rmidUovas. 
 Fucoides harlani. See Arthrophycus harlani. IV, 
 Fucoides radians. Rhacopliyllum adnascens. XIII, 
 Fucoides secaUmis. See Diplograptus simplex. M, C. 
 Fucoides simplex. See Diplograptus simplex. M. C, 
 Focoides verticalis. Hall, Geology of Western (4th) Dis- 
 
 MlNb. 
 
 i* ^• 
 
 trict, N. Y., 1843, page 242, fig. 105. Portage, VIII J, 
 
 Fucoidal markings by D. D. Owen. See Appendix, 
 
 Fusulina cylindrica. (Fischer, Oryct. da gou\rernement 
 
 de Moscou.) Collett's Indiana Rt, 
 1883, page 116, plate 23, fig. 1, a group, 
 natural size\ 2, a long one, enlarged'^ 
 fig. 3, cross section still more enlarged. 
 Common size and shape, that of a grain 
 of wheat ; often much smaller ; in Indiana rarely more than 
 half as large ; sometimes slenderer, sometimes rounder. — Coal 
 Measures, everywhere, all over Europe and America. In In- 
 diana especially at Lodi, in limestone roof of Coal K, Collett. 
 
253 
 
 Fusu. 
 
 — A variety of F, cylindrica ventricosa is described by Meek 
 and Hayden in Proc. Acad. N. S. Fhila. Vol. 10, 1859.— An- 
 other species F. ventricosa by M. & H. in Pal. Up. Missouri, 
 1864. — F, elongata^ by Shumard, in Trans. Acad. Sc. St. Louis, 
 1858, from the highest Coal Measures (Permian.) — F, gracilis^ 
 by Meek Pal. California, 1864; also F, robusta, 8. A. Miller's 
 Cat. 1877.— Coal Measures, XIII f 
 Fusulina elongata. See cylindrica. XIII 
 Fusulina gracilis. See cylindrica. XIII 
 Fusulina robusta. See cylindrica. XIII 
 Fusulina ventricosa. See cylindrica XIII 
 FytoUthus verrucosus. See Stigmaria ficoides. XIII 
 
 Gallium sphenophylluin. 
 loides. XIII 
 Gampsacanthus typus. 
 
 See Annularia sphenophyl 
 
 
 
 
 (St. John and Worthen, in Il- 
 linois reports.) Zit- 
 tel's Handbuch, Vol. 
 3, page 118, fig. 129. 
 Subcarboniferous 
 
 Genentomum validum. Scudder. 
 
 {St. louis) limestone 
 formation, XI 
 
 Two wings of a 
 
 neuropterid insect found 
 in coal measure nodules 
 on Mazon creek, Illinois. 
 ZittePs Handbuch der 
 Pal. Vol. 2, 1885, page 
 759, fig. 947, natural size. 
 —XIII 
 
 1 Z:f.945» 
 
 Gerablattina balteata. {EoUattina?) S. H. Scudder in 
 
 Fontaine and White's Kt. PP, to Geol. 
 Sur. Pa. 1880, page 104, plate 38, fig. 5, 
 one wing of a cockroach of the Coal age ; 
 ^^^ and an enlargement, to show the nerva- 
 tion. (See Scudder's Memoir on Fossil 
 Cockroaches in Proc. Post. Nat. Hist. Soc. 
 vT^i 1880.3 Found in roof shales of the 
 Waynesburg Coal at Cassville, W. Va. Upper Coal. XV. 
 
Gera. 254 
 
 Gerablattina fascigera. Scudder. Mem. Boston S. N. H, 
 
 1879, p. 113, pi. 6, figs. 1, 2, an insect found by Lacoe in the 
 shales beneath the Conglomerate XII, Campbell's Ledge, in 
 the gap above Pittston, Luzerne Co., Pa. (G7, 41.) — XI, 
 Ginkgo digitata^Enro^Q, Near Whittleseya elegans. XIIL 
 Gleichenites neuropteroides. Neuropteris loschii. XIIL 
 Glyptaster inornatus. See Appendix. Vb 
 Glyptaster occidentalis. See Appendix. Vb. 
 Glyptocrinus carleyi. See Appendix. Vb. 
 Glyptocrinus decadactylus. Kogers, page 821, fig. 622^ 
 Illb. Lorraine (Hudson river) formation. (Hall, 
 Pah N. Y. VoLia847.)— In Blair Co., Pa., found 
 by C. E. Hall. (Collections of 1875)—/// a, 5. 
 — In Centre Co., Pa. found by Ewing, in Lorraine 
 shales (T4, p. 427) — III5. — See specimens in 
 cabinet 304-2 (very poor impression of stem) ; 
 0/i< 304-3 (ditto); 304-6 (seven impressions of 
 stems) ; 1^ m. S. W. of Henrietta station, Blair Co. on Hudson 
 river (Lorraine) shale terrace of Tussey mtn. — Illb. 
 
 Glyptodesma erectum. Conrad. Collected by Claypole 
 in Perry Co., Pa. at Jenkin's farm, 5 m. east of N. Bloomfield, 
 in Che^ming- Cats kill bed (Spec. 56-5 ; and with Leiopteris 
 dekayiixi Spec. 233, four.) — VIII-IX. See Appendix. 
 
 Goniatites astarte. Clarke, Bull. 16, U. S. G. S., 1885, 
 
 page 29, pi. 2, fig. 9, side and 10 front 
 view, both natural size^ very rotund? 
 and very thick shell ; hence peculiar in 
 Devonian ; abundant in the pyrites 
 
 nodules in the Genesee black shale at 
 
 Clk. 9 B i6 10 2, Bristol, Ontario Co., N.Y.— F///^. 
 
255 
 
 GONI. 
 
 Goniatites bicostatus. Hall, Geology of the Fourth or 
 Western District of New York, 1843, page 245, 
 vlll.'L«8S8g9,M. gg 207, 8 ; marked by an elevated line on each 
 side of the back ; the arched striae, rising from 
 the umbilicus, meet this line at an acute for- 
 ward angle, and recede from it at a still acuter 
 ' angle, to ride over the back. Shore of Lake 
 Erie, Chatauqua Co., N. Y., in Portage strata^ VIII f. 
 Goniatites chemungensis. Vanuxem, Geology of the 
 
 mil .^^^^ "*'''*^ ^"^ 
 
 VHl . « . .^^^^m^ Middle Dis - 
 
 trict ofNew 
 lork, 1842, 
 page 182, 
 fig. 49, 1. 
 Chem ung 
 formation. 
 
 yiiig^ 
 
 Vanux.49 
 
 This is a 
 shell 
 rarely seen 
 in middle 
 New York, 
 and never 
 except i n 
 this forma- 
 tion. (Van). 
 
 Goniatites complanatus. ( Clymenia complanata^ ) Hall, 
 
 page 243, fig. 106, 5. VIII g. 
 Chemung formation. — In Hunt- 
 ingdon Co., Pa., it fills the black 
 Genesee slates, at Cove station, 
 Hopewell, at big bend of road 
 125 rods south of station. (T3, 
 158) ; collected from top of Gen- 
 esee in Piney ridge, McConnells- 
 town (p. 108, 199; Claypole's 
 
 W^[[ jQ7*sz®lffll!liP»»^ spec. 193-1, 6); abounds, with 
 
 Avicula speciosaj in bed 18 of 
 
 Patterson section (p. 184.) — VIII e, ^. 
 
GONI. 
 
 256 
 
 Goniatites discoidens. See Appendix, 
 
 Goniatites expansus. Vanuxem, Geology of the Third or 
 
 Middle District of New York, 1842 
 pa.i>;e 146, fig. 35, 1. Marcellus for- 
 mation. VIII h. — This is one of 
 the few fossils found in the upper 
 (calcareous) division of the forma- 
 tion, all of them peculiar to it in 
 Middle N. Y. See Nautilus mar- 
 cellensis^ Orthis limitaris, Lunu- 
 licardium marcellense &c. (Van). 
 
 Goniatites interruptus ? Rogers' Geology of Pennsylva- 
 nia, 1858, page 829, fig. 676. Gene-^ 
 see formation. VI lie. 
 
 Vlil^ 
 
 Goniatites lutheri. Clarke, Bull. 16, U. S, G. S., 1885, 
 8 page 50, plate 2, fig. 8, natural size ; 38 septa 
 in the last whorl ; type of Oon. intumescens, 
 but difi'ering from many other species ; nearer 
 to European Gon. foreipifer of Sandberger ; 
 specimens few, from concretionary limestone, 
 Parrish gulley, Honeoye lake, N. Y. Naples 
 {Upper Genesee) slate. — VIII e\ 
 
 Clk. B.16. Z. 
 
 Goniatites marcellensis. See Nautilus marcellensis. 
 
 Vim. 
 
 Goniatites patersoni. See Appendix. 
 
257 
 
 GONI. 
 
 cox. -^^^pi^i^x/1. 
 Goniatites sinuosus. Ha 
 
 VIII. f 
 
 Goniatites nolinensis. 
 
 (Rogers, p. 833. Cox, Ky. Geo. 
 Ill, 574, pi. X, fig. la, lb. Coal 
 formation. ( Closely related to 
 the English Goniatites crenes- 
 tria of Phillips. — Named from 
 Nolin Iron Works, E. Ken- 
 lucky, in the ore of which it is 
 found, together with Nautilus 
 ferzatus^ and Nautilus canali- 
 Gulatus of Cox.) — XIII. 
 
 G. patersoni. See lastpoge^ 
 256. 
 
 , page 243, fig. 106, 6, and page 
 
 245, fig. 
 107, 9, 
 Portage 
 
 H3.!!J06,6 
 
 17 
 
 numbers (with other 
 shells) in the top 
 45' of Genesee shale 
 at Cove Station, 
 Huntingdon Co. 
 (T3, 107); crowd 
 the limestone part- 
 ing beds of Genesee 
 No. 2 ol Mapleton 
 Section (T3. 273); 
 occur in Hamilton 
 lower shales on Cof- 
 fee run, R. R. quarry 
 
GONI. 
 
 258 
 
 (F3, 112) ; were collected by Claypole from Hamilton upper 
 shales, 2 m. E. of Little Germany, Perry Co. (Spec. 166-3) > 
 and from Centre Mil], Madison t., from Marcellus shale (Spec. 
 223-8.) [All these are to be identified.]— VIII 5, c, f. 
 
 Goniatites ? {Clymenia?) Vanuxem, Geology of the 
 
 Third or Middle District of New York, 
 VHLi.^-^""^ ( 1842, page 182, fig. 49, 5. Chemung for- 
 
 mation. — An undetermined species of 
 Goniatites occurs in the lower ( Chemung 
 or Chemung -Cat skill) 500' of Randall's 
 section at Warren, Pa. (I, 54.) — Ylllg, 
 — Vanuxem says (page 183) that he 
 gives his figure of an imperfect specimen 
 to direct search for the fossil Clymenia^ 
 a number of species of which genus occur 
 ^9. in the Devonian strata of England. 
 
 Gonioceras anceps. See Appendix. 
 
 Gonioceras halli. D'Orbigny. Emmons' American GeoL, 
 
 He. 
 
 Fig. "31. l^^S^A2>55. 
 
 .^ Vol. 1, part 2, 1855, page 
 ^152, fig. 31; septa numer- 
 ous, wavy and double ; si- 
 phon nearly central, with 
 interceptal swellings. — 
 Birdseye limestone forma- 
 tion, lie. 
 
 Gonioceras ? Collected by C. E. Hall, in 1876, from 
 
 Marcellus and Genesee. Ms. Rt., Dec. 30, 1876.— F/// 5, e. 
 
 Goniophora acuta. See Appendix. 
 
 Goniophora carinata. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 5, part 1, 
 page 301, pi. 42, fig. 11 and pi. 44, figs. 6 to 8. ( Cypricardites 
 carinata, Conrad, An. Rt. N. Y,, 1841, fig. 21; also Sanguino- 
 lites carinatus, Conrad, Hall's Prelim. Not. Lam. 1870 ; compare 
 Cypricardites chemungensis, Vanuxem, 1842, from which it 
 difi'ers by the beaks being further back, and the umbonal ridge 
 curved instead of straight. It goes with Paracyclas lirata, 
 Chonetes scitula., Spirifera mucronata and Hyolithes aclis., at 
 Oneonta, N. Y., Hall).— In Pennsylvania it has not been re- 
 ported. Specimen 883-16 (00, p. 238) is from Nichols, Tioga 
 Co., N. Y., from Chemung, VIII g. — See Appendix. 
 
259 
 
 GONI. 
 
 Goniophora chemungensis. ( Cypricardites chem.^ 
 ^lua. >^r^="5^wis^^,j5^^,,^,^ Vanuxem. 1842. — Hall, Pal. 
 
 N. Y., Vol. V, part 1, plate 
 45, fig. 20. Chemung.) 
 Olaypole's collections in 
 Perry county, Pa. (F2^ 
 1^ y , -.»«...«.«^*««»»^ -—"'■■---" ^'•'^^page xv). Chemung- Cats- 
 
 kill beds. (Spec. 50-13, two; 51-27; 104-39, two). Linton's 
 hill; King's mill; Shermansdale mill, all in King'^s mill sand- 
 stone, VIII-IX.— Spec. 872-32, and 33, in Howell's coll. at 
 Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y. Chemung 886-3. Sherwood's Middle- 
 town collections in Tioga Co., Pa. — VIII g. 
 
 Goniophora curvata. JVew species. See Appendix. 
 
 Goniophora glabra. See Appendix. 
 
 Goniophora hamiltonensis. {Sanguinolites hamiltonen- 
 
 viiic. ^^r^^^^mmm^mm^ro^ ' sis. Hall, 1870, Prelim. 
 
 ^4, Notice Lamellibranch shells; 
 also, Pal. N. Y., Vol. V, pt. 
 1, plate 43, fig. 14. Hamil- 
 ton). Claypole (F2, xiv), 
 Hamilton formation. (Spec. 
 ^ [g7p -^^.::^,,,:,^.^^.^-- ^1^ Pi. 43. 5-55, from Barnett's mill, 
 
 near New Bloomfleld, Perry Co., Pa.), VIII ^.— Spec. 805-12 
 (00, p. 235) Hall's coll. at Bell's Mills, Blair Co., in Hamilton 
 shales., VIII 0. Both valves vertically compressed); 801-3, 
 Dingman's Ferry, Pike Co. VIII c. 
 
 Goniophora plicata. See Sanguinolites plicata. XI 
 
 Goniophora rigida. Abundant and characteristic in the 
 LeBoeuf conglomerate quarries, Erie Co., Pa. Upper Che- 
 mung (Q4, p. 110, 249). — VIII g. — See Appendix. 
 Goniophora speciosa. See Appendix. 
 Goniophora truncata. (Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 5, 1883 
 '^^'^'C- ^^i^^'^^^^Xl^. part 1, plate 44, fig. 10, Hamil- 
 
 ton). Claypole. List of Perry 
 Co., Pa., fossils, F2, p. xiv. 
 Hamilton formation. — VIII c. 
 —Hall says (p. 299) that this 
 V ■ PI 45 species is closely allied to Gonio- 
 phora perangulata., of the ScTioharie grit. VII 
 
GONI. 
 
 260 
 
 Goniophora undata. Collected by Claypole at Barnett's 
 mill, near New Bloomfield, Perry Co., Pa., in Hamilton upper 
 shales. (Specimen 5-172). — VIII c. — See Appendix. 
 
 Goniophora ? Spec. 850-18 Tioga Co. VIII g, 
 
 Goniopteris ? See Pecopteris newberryana. 
 
 Stevenson, over Waynesburg coal (K, p. 59), — XVI 
 
 Gorgonia ? Hall, Geology of Western District of Ne^v 
 
 York, 1843, page 115, 
 fig. 42, 2. Niagara ior- 
 mation. (See Fene- 
 stella and Retepora). 
 — F5. — The perfect 
 '^\ form of this fossil is not 
 known. Its delicate 
 and beautiful expan- 
 sion often extends over 
 several inches, its fork- 
 ing and slightly diverg- 
 ing branches united by 
 slender filaments. No 
 pores and nothing but 
 a thin film of coaly mat- 
 ter. (Hall). 
 
 Gorgonia ? reteformis. Geology of Western District of 
 
 New York, 1843, page 
 115, fig. 42, 1. Ni- 
 agara formation (in 
 the shale). Vh. — In 
 general appearances 
 it closely resembles 
 Oorgania assimilis of 
 England (Sil. Re- 
 search, pL 15, f. 27) ; 
 but it has no solid axis 
 the coral growing out 
 in all directions from 
 a central point, as a 
 wrinkled and flat- 
 tened network of 
 branches, indistinctly 
 striated, but with no pores visible. (Hall). Vh. 
 
261 
 
 GOEG 
 
 Gorgonia 
 
 Allied to Repisteria. Owen, Geol. 
 Wise, Iowa and Minn. 1852, 
 pi. 3A, f. 19, found in lime- 
 stone (^Hamilton age ?) near 
 Rockingham. — YIII c. 
 
 \ Ovj 
 
 Qrallator cuneatus. See Appendix, 
 
 Grallator cursorius. See Appendix, 
 
 Grallator formosus. See Appendix. 
 
 Grallator gracilis. See Appendix, 
 
 Grallator parallelus. See Appendix,, for figures of these 
 five kinds of TriassiG -footpr'mU. 
 
 Grammy sia beliatula. See Appendix. 
 
 Gram.mysia bisulcata. See Appendix. 
 
 Grammysia communis. Recognized by Simpson and J. 
 Hall in spec. 9607, 9608, of Randall's coll. at Warren, Pa., from 
 Upper Chemung, VIII-IX. — See Appendix. 
 
 Grammiysia cuneata. Sphenornya cuneata. Specimens 
 in cabinet, 804-6 (00, p. 235), Fellows' & Genth^s Coll., 1875, 
 on Marshall's Oreeli, Monroe Co., Pa., from Hamilton strata, 
 (G. B. S., 1888.)— F///C.— aSV^ Appendix, 
 
 Grammysia elliptica. (Hall, 1870. Prelim, Not. Lamell. 
 
 JVII16. 
 
 
 
 
 mgg^m!^mMff!'mt!\ 
 
 
 t W itY\\/^V-...' '"'■V**';' '.' ' ' '. .■;■.■_■■;■',,;-.■ -■■ ^^t■yij:i0:■^■p^iJ^■^S-;:'^fi'^^^''^: :'^-}-''- ■■'■'r'-'^rJAr^^^ 
 
 
 
 
 H.Pal.N.Y. 
 
 Vol.5., PL 58. 
 
Gkam. 262 
 
 shells ; Pal. N. Y., Vol. 5, pi. 58, figs. 1 and 9 selected because 
 of medium size ; many much larger ; one shows the character- 
 istic groove (sinus), and the other does not. Collected by- 
 White from Chemung^ bed 30, Eupert Section (bed 59, Oata- 
 wissa, Bloomsburg Section, G7, p. 69, 286), and from CatsUll 
 rocks, bed 23, Sect. 9; bed 13 Catawissa Section (G7, p. 57, 
 238) 700' above the bottom Fish bed-=1700' above top of Che- 
 mung proper (G7, pp. 65, 67, 240.)— FZ/7, IX.— In Perry Co., 
 from C Jiemung 2ii YdivioM^ places (Spec. 36; 50-20, two; 51-4, 
 5, 6, nine; 57-40; 69 D-1; 93-8,9, two.)— F/7/^.— In Hun- 
 tingdon Co., well preserved specimens from bed 22, Patterson 
 Section, near middle of Hamilton upper shales (T3, 186) — 
 VIII G. — With RhynGhonella.)in Spec. (Q,3401) from Oil group 
 at Bradford bridge, McKean Co. — VIII-IX, — Specimens in 
 Cabinet (00, p. 236) 852-1 (good; a little above medium 
 size) ;-2 (two ; poor) ; from Covington, Tioga Co. — Spec. 855-3 
 (large; nearly smooth); 4 (three, fair to good, each a little 
 imperfect, medium size) ; 6 (a little large, somewhat crushed, 
 smooth); 8 (fair condition, lower rear end gone); 20 (two, 
 good) ; 56 (large) all from Sullivan t., Tioga Co. Spec. 859- 
 1 (two, one large and vertical) ; 2 (crushed) ; 3 (three of 
 the form shown in Hall, Vol. 5, pt. 1, pi. 58, figs. 10, 11, 13) ; 
 4 (five, crushed both valves); 5 (two both valves) ; 6 (very 
 small) ; 7 (six of the usual form) ; 13 (three on a large 
 slab) ; 12 (large right valve, margin broken, showing hinge 
 line) ; all from the Narrows 1 m. E. of Franklindale, Bradford 
 ford Co., Pa. Sherwood's Upper Chemung (White's Chemung- 
 CatsJcill passage heds) VIII-IX. — Spec. 860-47; 75; from 
 same strata, near Mansfield, Tioga Co. — Spec. 861-4; 18; 35; 
 from same strata in Sullivan t., Tioga Co., Pa., 872-28, in R. 
 Howell's Coll. at Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y. Chemung, VIII g. 
 883-70 (hind part). 883-78 (fore part), in Howell's collections 
 at Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., from Chemung, VIII g. 
 
 Grammysia hannibalensis. (AUorisma hannibalensis 
 Shumards Geo. Sur. of Missouri, 1855; in Subcarboniferous 
 (Kinderhooh) limestone. XI) — Douhtfully identified by Heil- 
 prin among the specimens in the collection of the Wyoming 
 Historical Society at Wilkesbarre. (Ann. Report Geol. Sur. Pa., 
 1885, p. 451.) — XIII — Multitutes in the top layers of the 
 LeBoeuf oonglomerate at Doolittle's quarry. Amity, Erie Co., 
 Pa. (Q. 4, p. 110, 249, "^1%)— VIII-IX?— See Appendix, 
 
263 
 
 Gram. 
 
 ■■•Vw-^ 
 
 Grammysia ? in vast numbers in spots in the Orishany 
 
 Sand Ridge at Mapleton, Huntingdon Co. and elsewhere. (T3, 
 p. 119, 274.)— F//. 
 
 Grammysia ? numerous in Hamilton middle sandstone, 
 
 in Huntingdon Co. (T, p. 32), and Hamilton upper sandstone 
 at the end of Jack's mountain, (T3, 111) ; and also in Pike and 
 Monroe Cos. (G6, 230) as at MarshalFs falls.— F//7c. 
 
 Gramm^ysia ? in the middle layers of the Trough 
 
 Creek limestone^ Huntingdon Co., Pa., at top of Pocono sand- 
 stone, and bottom of red shale (T3, 77.) — X-XL 
 
 Grammysia of unknown species^ from black slate in anthra- 
 cite measures, near Wilkes-Barre, 
 in collection of the Wyoming 
 Historical Society ; Heilprin's 
 list in An. Rt. Geol. Survey of 
 Penna., 1885, page 451; figured 
 on page plate 442, fig. 8. — XII I ^ 
 Coal measures. — Also impres- 
 sions found by Heilprin among 
 Mill Greek limestone fossils, Wy- 
 oming Hist. Soc, Wilkes-Barre, 
 Pa., Geo. Sur. An. Rt., 1885.— 1000' above Pottsville Conglom- 
 erate. XIV-XY. 
 
 Grammysia ? Spec. 804-5, Marshall's creek, Monroe 
 
 county, Hamilton^ VIII o, 
 
 Granatoerinus m.elo. {Pentremites melo, Owen's Geolog. 
 
 Wis., Iowa, Minn., 1852, p. 593, pi. 
 5 A, fig. 14, a5 (?. Burlington (Sub- 
 carboniferous) limestone (abund- 
 ant) but nowhere else. — XI, 
 
 5VV3 
 
 Granatoerinus norviroodii. (Pentremitesnorwoodii-Owen^ 
 
 Wis. 1, and Minn., 1852, p. 
 590, pi. 5A, fig. 13, a^ 5, g, 
 Subcarboniferous Burling- 
 ton limestone^ at various 
 places in Iowa and Illinois. 
 —XI 
 
 Oraptolithus angustifolius. See Diplograptus ang. IIIl, 
 
Grap. 
 
 264 
 
 Graptolithus annectans. Walcott,1879. UtiGa slate, Ilia. 
 Graptolithus clintonensis. Hall, Geology of the Western 
 
 District of New York^ 
 
 la 
 
 ^^^^^m^^^^^^^^mm^^ 1843, page 72, fig. 17, 12. 
 
 Clinto7i. Va. 
 Graptolithus dentatus. Emmons, page 279, fig. 74, 2. 
 
 Vanuxem, page 57, fig. 8, 2, Utica 
 
 llfA .VaTtS^TF^'^^f'^^^ formation. (Perhaps the Fucoide^ 
 
 ^ * ^ dentatus oi BYougnidiYt. S.A.Miller.) 
 
 —In Pennsylvania, a few graphtoUtes have been seen in Bed- 
 ford Co., in outcrops of Utica slate (T2, p. 93). Ilia,— In Lehigh 
 Co. only one specimen of graptolite (and never any other 
 fossil) was seen by Prime in his survey of Lehigh and North- 
 ampton Cos. ; and this was in a small loose piece of slate near 
 the Ironton Iron mine, on the edge of the Utica slate belt, 
 (D2, p. 74), Ilia. 
 
 Graptolithus divaricatus. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. Ill, p 
 
 / 
 
 ^IHTd." Fig^9- 
 
 514, wood cut figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, Hudson river shales.— Ill h. 
 
 Graptolithus divergens. Hall, Pa)., N. Y., Vol. 3, p. 
 509, wood cut fig. 9. Hudson River upper 
 beds. — C. E. Hall found graptolites in the 
 slate belt (///«, />), of Canoe Valley, Blair 
 Co., Pa. species not given — ///. 
 
 One branch of this specimen presents the 
 remarkable appearance of forking near its 
 junction with the central stem. The branches 
 are of unequal length (some very long) and 
 
 Hall, III. ' Q.d. slenderly toothed only on one edge. (Hall). 
 
265 
 
 Grap. 
 
 Graptolithus gracilis. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. Ill, p. 510, 
 
 511, 512, 513, wood cuts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Hudson rimr — ///J — 
 Perhaps to this species belongs also Rastrites barrandi. 
 
 Graptolithus logani. Hall, Canada Rt., 1858, Pal., N. Y., 
 
 Hall, lii G. I. 
 
Graf. 
 
 266 
 
 Vol. 3, p. 502, wood cuts 1, 2, 3. Point Levy rocks. Quebec. 
 Graptolithusmarcidus. SeeDiplograpsusmarcidus. II Ih, 
 Graptolithus milesi. Walcott, Bull. 30, page 92. Uncer 
 tain origin of the specimen figured in Canada Organic Remains, 
 decade 2, p. 53. Hall, Geol Yt., I, 372, 1861. 
 
 Graptolithus mucronatus ? Spec. 306-11 (00, p. 233), 
 
 Sanders' Coll. at Henrietta No. 1, Blair Co., Pa., from Lorraine 
 
 {Hudson river) shale. Ill b. — Other specimens from same 
 
 locality 306-4, 5, 7 and 12 (three) indistinct. — See Appendix, 
 
 Graptolithus multifasciculatus. Hall, Pal., N. Y., Vol. 
 
 3, p. 509, wood cut, fig. 
 8, natural size. Hudson 
 river formation. Illb. 
 The specimen shows 
 the lower non-serrated 
 surface; but several of 
 the longer branches are 
 turned over so as to 
 show the toothed side 
 tolerably well. The 
 branches fork irregu- 
 larly.— (Hall.) 
 
 Graptolithus pristis. Diplograptus pristis. Illh. (Z. (7.?) 
 Oraptolothus secalinus. Diplograptus simplex. Z. G. 
 Graptolithus spinulosus, Diplograptus spinulosus. lllh. 
 Graptolithus whitHeldi, Diplograptus whitfieldi. Illb. 
 Graptolithus. See Phyllograptus typus. 
 Graptolithus. See Rastrites barrandi. 
 Graptolithus. See Reograptus geinitzianus. 
 Graptolithus. See Thamnograptus typus. 
 Graptolithus. See Thamnograptus capillaris. 
 Griffithoides ? See Phillipsia sangamonensis. XIII. 
 Gyracanthus duplicatus, Dawson, Acad. Geol., 1868, p. 
 
 XJlh 
 
 Ac. Ceo/. P^ 
 210, f. 55, -fish spine in Nova Scotia Coal Measures. — XIII. 
 
26' 
 
 Gyra. 
 
 Gyracanthus magnificus, Dawson, Acad. GeoL, 1868, p. 
 
 310, fig. 55 a; 
 
 ''^' * Fig. 55a. — Sjpme — Gyracanthus magnijicus, N,S., reduced, a magllificent 
 
 fish spine, 
 ?'^ t w e n t y - 1 w o 
 V/^ (22) inches 
 long, (fig. re- 
 duced to y) found by Mr. Barnes, in the Cape Breton (Sydney) 
 Coal Measures. — XIII, 
 Gyroceras burlingtonensis. Owen, Geo]. Wis., 1852, pi. 
 
 'I^cii^^ ^';, Acad.^eoi' /S6^, 
 
 G^:bivrt^TLS,i,j(i 
 
Gyro. 
 
 268 
 
 5, fig. 10, from top (oolite) bed oi Burlington (Subcarbonifer- 
 ous) limestone at Burlington, Iowa. — XI. 
 
 Gyroceras elrodi. Meyer. Collett's Indiana Report of 
 
 
 
 
 ■ '•;'.'\.'.v;-.:,-2p. 
 .•^•''•■'*.^.st?^_ 
 
 -'^'■■^'■•'-^'^M 
 
 
 ;e^),^^^:^•/;;.^.r^.;,,^■.:■-V■ -• ■•■^ • S-, • ;-\ -^..-y 
 
 mmM^ 
 
 
 
 /^'^«:;^:;i^$^ 
 
 
 from J'cn Drnirlnr,^ h'j J. C. MvConnnll. ^O, 4 
 
 1881, page 356, plates 37, 38, figs. 1, (a portion of the fine figure 
 bv J. C. McGonnell of Washington); fig. 2, 3, omitted ; 4. portion 
 
269 
 
 Gyro. 
 
 of surface showing revolving and cross lines. — In the Niagara 
 limestone^ Hartville, Ind. — Vh. 
 
 Gyroceras undulatum. See Cyrtoceras undulatum. VII. 
 
 Halonia flexuosa. ( UlodenrJron Uexnomim^ Goldfuss, 
 
 Flor. Sarr. 
 X/// .^tim. .>-^?&jk^^f • ^' Vol. 2, plate 
 
 2, fig. 10.— 
 Lesq. Coal 
 Flora, page 
 416,plate6]' 
 fig. 3, from 
 Lacoe's col- 
 . - 1 ec tion at 
 JnclJn5. -^^F ^/./^.Pittston, 
 
 Fa.) Collett's Indiana Rt. 1883, plate 18, fig. 1,—XIII? 
 Halonia regularis. See H. tuberculata. XIII. 
 Halonia tortuosa is not H. tuberculata. XIII. 
 Halonia tuberculata. (Brongniart, Histoire des vegetales 
 1 X ///, tiid,jjS;3 ^^^^^y^r^'^ V fossiles, 1828)Collett's In- 
 
 ¥^\^A^#^ diana Rt. of 1883, page 
 WW^Ml 87. relate 18. fi^. 4-. fftee 
 
 e- 
 
 M# f ' Pl-te 18 fig. 4. [S. 
 ? AY\WyI*'W Lesquereux's nne repr 
 
 sentation on plate 74, fig. 
 9, in his Coal Flora of 
 Penn. and U. S. (bound in 
 Vol. 1, between pages 
 560 and 561,) description 
 on pp. 411, 412. This 
 beautiful specimen in the 
 Cabinet of the Geol. Sur- 
 vey of Pa. obtained in 
 1879, by Dr. Chance in 
 Venango Co., Pa., 3 miles 
 south of Oil City, from the base of the Conglomerate {XII), is 
 an impression on very soft, fine grained sandstone, of the bark 
 with perfectly preserved leaf scars. Halonia tortuosa of the 
 English is not identical with H. tuberculata of Brongniart, which 
 last, like the American specimens in Illinois Rt. Vol. 4, plate 
 29, fig. 1, represents Cyclocladia ornata^ Goldfuss, with its bark 
 removed. H. regularis may be a different species. Lesq. — XII 
 
Haly. 270 
 
 Halysites agglomeratus. {Cateydpora agglomerata)H2i\\^ 
 
 Geology of the Fourth or Western 
 division of New York, 1843, plate 
 I fig. [22, 2] Niagara formation. 
 •^ Vh. 
 
 Halysites eatp'^-'ilatus. Linnaeus (1767, Syst. Nat.) Col- 
 
 lett's In- 
 diana Re- 
 p o r t of 
 1881, page 
 382, plate 
 46, figs.4,5, 
 6, 7. (Van 
 C 1 e V e ' s 
 drawings.) 
 — C harac- 
 teristic 
 u n i V e rsal 
 fossil of 
 Clint on 
 and Niag- 
 ara forraa- 
 tion s . — 
 d Found by 
 Dr. Barrett 
 ofPortJer- 
 vis (with 
 other Niag- 
 ara forms) 
 in I. C. 
 White's 
 Bossard- 
 ville (Low- 
 
 ^^^ er Held.) 
 
 P 1 . 4-0 . limestone. 
 
 \nil\m. 
 
271 
 
 Haly. 
 
 (See discussion of the question of its age in Report on Pike 
 and Monroe Go's., Pa., G6, p. 145.) — In the North Branch Sus- 
 quehanna region White finds it in Lower Helderberg strata 
 {Stormville limestone) at Mauser's quarry with other Niagara 
 fossils. (G7, pp. 89, 97, 101, 244, 245.)— F&; VL 
 
 Halysites escharoides. ( Catenipora escharoides) . Hall, 
 V Ij ^^^^ j^^^q^ Geology of the Fourth 
 
 II p5 * 1 /^'i^^B^^^^&t ^^ Western district of 
 
 /I L2.i-[L«,^^lS^m«Ralfe. New York, 1843, plate 
 
 fig. [22, 1]. See also 
 the exquisite figures in 
 Hairs Pal. N. Y,, Vol. 
 2, 1851, plate 35. (La- 
 marck, Histoire des 
 Animaux sans Vert^- 
 bres, 1816). Niagara 
 formation. V b. 
 
 Haplophlebium barnesii. Scudder. Canadian Naturalist 
 
 and GeoL, Vol. 3, 1867. Dawson's Acad. Geol. 1868, p. 387, fig. 
 152, the wing of a large day-fly or shad-fly (Neuropterid) liv- 
 ing in the swamp forests of the coal age, discovered by Mr. 
 Barnes, of Halifax, N. S.,in some Glace Bay (C.B.) coal shale, 
 attached to a fragment of fern leaf, which proves its geological 
 age. That such flies, with grasshoppers or crickets (orthop- 
 terids) and beetles (colepoterids), were as abundant in the 
 coal forests and swamps, as in those of the present day, appears 
 
Hapl. 
 
 272 
 
 from the many fossil specimens of them found in Europe and 
 America. They flitted in myriads between the reeds and 
 fern-palms, over quiet marsh waters full of fish and reptiles. 
 Many of them have been found in Pennsylvania coal measures. 
 See Mylacris, etc.— XZ/7-XF: 
 
 Haplophlebium longipinnis. Scudder. An insect found 
 by Mr. Lacoe under the Pottsville conglomerate, in gap above 
 Pittston, Luzerne Co. Pa. (GT, 286). — XI. — See Appendix. 
 
 Harlania halli. (Goeppert, Foss. Flora des Ueberg, 1852). 
 
 IV. 
 
 L,C. 
 
 Synonyms : Arthrophycus harlani^ Conrad ; Fucoides alle- 
 y^lieniensis ; Fucoides irongniarti oi Hall. Collett's Indiana 
 Rt. 1883, page 29, plate 2, fig. 3. — Some of the Medina sandstone 
 beds are a net- work of fronds of this sea weed, which some 
 have chosen to regard as tracks of worms. There is reason to 
 think the plant stems were tubes. (Hall.) IV h. 
 
 Harttia matthewi. Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 10, 
 
 page 19, plate 1, fig. 3, interior of shell, 
 '^' '" enlarged to twelve diameters ; a unique 
 little shell found associated with frag- 
 ments of Parodoxides and Ptycoparia 
 trilobites, in New Brunswick {Saint 
 John) formation. Middle Cambrian^ M. 
 I C. — The character of the apex is unknown, 
 as the only representative of both genus 
 and species is in the form of this interior 
 cast, and around its margin the cast of the 
 apparently smooth outer surface. ( W.) 
 
273 
 
 Hede. 
 
 Hederella ? Specimen 901-1 (00, p. 238), Sherwood's coll. 
 Tioga county iron ore bed, Upper Chemung^ VIII g^ 
 
 Heliolites elegans ? Hall. (Pal. Vol. 2,) Oollett's 1881, 
 
 Inct.181 
 
 upper surface ; species not certain. Niagara, — Vh. 
 
 Heliolites interstinctus. {Madrepora interstincta. Lin- 
 
 neus, 1767, Sys. Is at.). Oollett's Indiana Report of 1882, page 
 252, plate 2, fig. 1, upper view (nat. size); fig. 2, top surface 
 and vertical section; fig. 3, upper surface enlarged. (Van 
 Oieve).— Common in Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee and found 
 in other States, always in the Niagara strata^ VI. 
 Heliophyllum acuminatum. (Hall, 35th An. Et. N. Y. 
 
 Museum, p. 450). CoUett's In- 
 
 f^j^ diana Rt. 1882, page 310, plate 
 
 26, fig. 11. — Ontario. Cornif. 
 
 limestone.) VIII a. 
 
 The space at the bottom of the 
 
 ■^^ \^ ^^^ ^r-:trf^^ '^''^ '' ''''''^^^' ^""^ ^ strongly 
 ^ W^ '^^r/tfr/^^^^ groove (fossette) ex- 
 
 y^^ tends from it upward to the 
 
 -M& 
 
 Jnd. /m. 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 front edge ; lamellae, 80, alter- 
 nating in size, strongly toothed. 
 
 18 
 
Helt. 
 
 274 
 
 yiiiM' 
 
 Heliophyllum aequum. ( Hall, 35th Ann. Rep. N. Y. State 
 
 Museum. 
 
 //. 18 8;2.) 
 CoUett's 
 Indiana 
 Rt. 1882, 
 page^314, 
 plate 23, 
 fig. 10, 11. 
 
 'J W^Tliv 
 
 Falls of the Ohio, Ky. Oorniferous limestone. VIII a. 
 Heliophyllum alternatum. (Hall, 35th Ann. Rt. 1882.) 
 
 * 1 e tt ' s 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Rt.l882, 
 
 page 
 
 305, 
 
 plate 
 
 Falls of the Ohio. Oorniferous limestone, VIII a, 
 Heliophyllum annulatum. (Hall, 35th Ann. Rt. 1882.) 
 
 Collett's Indiana Rt. 1882, page 307, plate 23, lig. 3, a section, 
 lengthwise, of a large straight specimen; fig. 2 [part of] a 
 large specimen imperfect at the base. [Plate 25, fig. 12, gives 
 
27.^ 
 
 Heli. 
 
 another fine figure; here omitted.] — Erie Co., N. Y. and Scott 
 and Clark counties, Ind. — VIII a. 
 
 Heliophyllum coalitum, Rominger. (Foss. Corals, page 
 
 VII! ^ ZZw^^^^^^^^^^' 
 
 
 
 108, 1876.) Collett's Indiana Report of 1882, page 259, plate 
 7, fig. 2, a simple specimen ; fig. 3, upper surface of a group 
 (doubtfully identified with fig. 2). — In drift from VIII a. 
 
 Heliophyllum compactum. (Hall, 35 An. Rt. 1882.) 
 
 |////.5;«H^tffS^^^^ Collett's Indiana Kt. 1882, page 308, 
 
 plate 25, fig. 5, back of the coral. — 
 Falls of the Ohio, Corniferous lime- 
 stone. VIII a. 
 
 Heliophyllum 
 
 Z5 
 corniculum.. 
 
 ( CaryopTiylla cornicula. 
 Lesueur, 1820. — Zaphrentis 
 phrygia^ Raphinesque and 
 Clifford, 1820. — Caninia 
 punctata^ D'Orbigny, 1850. 
 — CyathopTiyllum ammonis^ 
 delitatuTYi^ and conitum^ De 
 Castelnau. — Zaphrentis 
 cornicula^ Ed. and Haime, 
 Pal. Foss. plate 6, fig. 1. — 
 Cyathophyllum Gorniculumy 
 
Heli. 
 
 276 
 
 1////,^ 
 
 Rominger, Foss. Corals, 1876.) CoUett's 1882, p. 311, pi. 
 23, fig. 9. — Falls of Ohio, and elsewhere. VIII a. 
 
 Heliophyllum cornulites ? Spec. 601-32 (00, p. 234) 
 seven examples collected by Hale and Hall, 1^ m. S. of Rock 
 Hill furnace, Orbisonia, Hunt. Co., from Low. Held. VI 
 Heliophyllum denticulatum. (Hall, 35th An. Rt. N. Y. 
 
 State Museum, 1882.) Collett's Indi- 
 ana Rt. 1882, page 313, plate 26, fig. 7, 
 the cup (calyx) of the coral. — Cornif- 
 erous limestone. Falls of the Ohio. 
 VIII a. — The corallum is sometimes 
 curved in more than one direction; 
 surface wrinkled and finely lined; ex- 
 ternal costae coarse and prominent; 
 ^^.alternating lamellae 50. 
 Heliophyllum distans. (Hall, 35th An. Rt. 1882) Col- 
 
 <f .^..,:^^mM ..^MmmkmMM^^ ^^ I n d i - 
 
 anaRt. 
 
 1882, 
 page 
 
 308, 
 plate, 
 26,figs. 
 
 1, 2, 
 
 cup. — Corniferous limestone, Falls of the Ohio. VIII a. 
 
 Heliophyllum fecundum.— A^^e page 277, 
 
 Heliophyllum gemmatum. (Hall, 35th, An. Rt. 1882.) 
 
 Collett's Indiana Rt. 1882, page 
 310, plate 26, fig. 12, side view, 
 showing a young corallum bud- 
 ding out from the old one. — (In 
 nearly all specimens, Irom 3 to 
 5 buds are seen growing from 
 the parent stem. Collett.) Falls 
 of Ohio, Corniferous limestone. 
 Villa. 
 
277 
 
 LI ELI. 
 
 Heliophyllum fecundum. (Hall, 35th Annual Rt. N. Y. 
 
 Collett's Indiana 
 Rt. 1882, page 309, 
 plate 26, fig. 6, and 
 plate 27, figs. 4, 5. 
 Groups of this coral, 
 old and young, stem 
 and buds. (Easily 
 distinguished from 
 Helioplvylliim gem- 
 maiutn by its small- 
 er size and different 
 shape of cup. j Falls 
 of Ohio, Corniferous 
 Limestone, VIII a. 
 Walls of the cup 
 nearly fiat, then ab- 
 
 /p«o '^s^r ruptly descending to 
 
 loriZr. ^^ PL 27j a flat ; lamellae 70. 
 
 Heliophyllum lialli. Hall, Geology of 4th Dist. Plate fig. 
 Vftf.C* ^..^csCSflffifi^ ["^^-IJ ; { Stromiodes ? turhinatum? 
 
 of Goldfuss, 56, XVI, fig. 8 )— Also, 
 page 209, fig. 87, 3, Hamilton forma- 
 tion. ( Cyathophyllum ; or Strombodes 
 helianthoides of Phillips, Pal. Foss. 
 page 11, pi. V, fig. 13 ?) 
 
 Note. — A very fine drawing of this 
 
 r 1 ^Ul^^^^ species may be found in Collett's In- 
 
 H,\^%\^^^^^ ^.^^^ Report of 1882 (Van Clove's 
 
 corals) page 259, plate 6, fig. 1. — (See 
 EdwarJs & Haime, 1850, Brit. Foss. corals.) — In Pennsylvania 
 this coral belongs to the shales above the Hamilton sandstone. 
 In Perry Co. N. end of Dorran's Narrows. (Clay pole's spec. 
 118-21). In Hunt. Co., at Mapleton, in the Genesee coral bed 
 No. 8, (T3, 273). At Cove Station in coral bed 120' beneath 
 the Tally limestone (T3, 107.) In Monroe and Pike Cos., in 
 the T'ublly limestone at the heads of Sawkill, Raymondskill, 
 Dingman's, Bushkill Falls, (G6, 109,) and in the Hamilton 
 shales below it (p. III.)— F///^,^Z.— Spec. 805-1 (00, p. 235) 
 
Heli. 
 
 278 
 
 Bell's Mills, Blair 03.— 806-3 (cast of calyx) ; 807-1 (ditto) 
 Marshall's creek, Monroe Co. in Hamilton shale^ VIII c. 
 
 Heliophyllum incrassatum. (Hall, 35tli An. Report N. Y. 
 
 State Museum, 
 1882) Collett's 
 Indiana report 
 
 ^^^^^1882, page 309, 
 
 ?| plate 26, figs. 3, 
 
 4, side and cup 
 
 of a much 
 
 hid im^^^ --^"^rkir^ii^^^ weathered 
 
 specimen. — 
 
 Corniferous limestone. Falls of Ohio. VIII a, 
 
 Heliophyllum infundibulum. (Hall, 35th An. Et. Mus. 
 
 1882.) Col- 
 let t, 1882, 
 page 305, 
 plate 23, fig. 
 8, side view; 
 plate 24, fig- 
 ure 7, back 
 view, look- 
 ing into the 
 C2i\jx.-Corniferoiis limesto7ie. Falls of Ohio. Villa 
 
 Heliophyllum invaginatnm. (Hall, 35th, An. Rt.) Col- 
 
 Ind.lSS'Z. 
 
 H Z3. 
 
 V///, a. 
 
 Jnd. 
 
 lett's 1882, p. 306, pi. 28, f. 1, back view, and into calyx.- 
 Corniferous limestone. Falls of Ohio. VIII a. 
 
279 
 
 Heli. 
 
 Heliophyllum latericrescens. ( Hall, 35th An. Rt. 1882.) 
 
 Indiana'Rt.lSSZ. 
 
Heli. 
 
 280 
 
 Collett's Ind. Rt. 1882, page 314, plate 27, fig. 1, fine side view 
 of a coral group. — Corniferous Ohio Falls. Villa. 
 Heliophyllum nettelrothi. (Hall 35th Ann. RpDort 1882.) 
 
 im 
 
 CoUett-s Ind. Rt. 1882, p. 312, plate 26, fig. 8, front side iji a 
 specimen from which the skin has been removed. — (All the 
 specimens found are thus skinned. Collett.) Falls of Ohio 
 Corniferous limestone.^ VIII a. 
 Heliophyllum pravum. (Hall, 35th Ann. Rpt. N. Y. State 
 
 _ Museum, 1882.) Collett's In- 
 f^^'f diana Rt. 1882, page 274, plate 
 f^ 15, fig. 12, side view of speci- 
 men of ordinary size and form ; 
 plate 25, fig. 4, oblique view^ 
 
 f^^im^^S^PI 1^ ^f^o'^^"" ^^""^ ^^'^ "^""P (calyx).— 
 ina,m;r^^^'^ r/./D.a>i^r.^.^Y;a^^^^ U^iestone formation 
 
 at Louisville, in Kentucky. Vb. 
 Heliophyllum scyphulus. (Hal], 35th Annual Rt. N. Y 
 
 3 i „,.^ State M u s e u m y 
 1882.) Collett's 
 Indiana Report of 
 1882, page 306, 
 plate 28, fig. 5, side 
 view ; plate 26^ 
 figs. 2, 3, side view 
 iTld. /ooZ, W U' ^^' and cup of coral. — 
 
 (It difiers trom //. /talll in the shape of its cup, and in hav- 
 ing thinner plates and coarser toothing.) Falls of Ohio, Cor- 
 niferous limestone, Villa. 
 
 VII f, a. 
 
 2.. 
 
281 
 
 Heli. 
 
 "^^a^M 
 
 Heliophyllum sordidum. (Hali, 35th Annual Report of 
 
 the N. Y. State Museum of Natural 
 History, 1882.) Collett's Geological 
 Report of Indiana, 1882, page 311, plate 
 26, figs. 9, 10, side and cup of an im- 
 , ^aBaaBaas-^ cw,«<««fY^ porfoct specimon. — Corniferous lime- 
 "*** T^^'^^/^^^s*^ ^0 ^iQy^Q (Upper Helderberg) formation 
 at the Ohio Falls. Villa, Numerous individuals have been 
 observed, but in all cases the outer skin is gone, and the mar- 
 gins of the calyx broken away ; so that the true form cannot be 
 accurately determined. 
 Heliophyllum tenuimurale. (Hall, 35th An. Report of 
 
 N. Y. State Museum, 
 2 ^ r..^'<^€^iim^.-^<i 1882.) Collett's GeoL 
 
 Report of Indiana, 
 pl882, page 307, plate 
 27, figs. 2, 3, side and 
 cup of the coral. — Cor- 
 niferous limestone (U. 
 Helderberg) forma- 
 tion. Falls of the Ohio. Ylll a. Number of lamellae 90, the 
 alternate larger ones reaching the center. 
 
 Heliophyllum turbinatum. ( Gyathophyllum turhina- 
 
 twn.) Rogers, Geology of 
 Pennsylvania, 1858, page 827, 
 
 fig. 655. Hamilton foimation 
 
 VIII c. This is probably 
 Ileliphyllum Tialli^ which^ 
 see ahove^ page 277. 
 
 {Error on page 66.) 
 The figure under Aulipora 
 tbchceformis is that of Helio- 
 phyllum halli^ to the front ot 
 which clings a portion of the 
 surface of another individual 
 of the same species ; no Au- 
 lopora present. (J. Hall). 
 
 {Asaphus cli7itoni.) See Caly- 
 
 IndJSS'. 
 
 11^653 
 
 lleiaicTypturus Glintoni. 
 mene clintoni. 
 
Hemi. 
 
 282 
 
 Hemipronites crassus. ( Orthisina crassa^ Meek & Hay- 
 den, Proc. 
 Acad. Nat. 
 Sci.Philada. 
 H, crassus 
 of Meek & 
 II a y d e n , 
 Pal. Upper 
 Missouri 
 18(J4, plate 
 1; also U.S. 
 Geol. Surv. 
 of Nebraska 
 1872, fig. 10, 
 plate 10, fig. 
 1.— Note. 
 Pander's 
 genus Herri' 
 ipronites is 
 now known 
 as Strepto- 
 rliynchus.- — 
 
 The English Hemipronites crenistria of Phillips is the same as 
 this American H, crassus. The OrtJiis rohusta of Hall's Iowa 
 report differs from it only in being larger. CoUett's Indiana 
 Eeport of 1883, page 129, plate 26, figs. 4, 5, belly and back, 
 natural size ; figs. 6, 7, outside and inside of belly (ventral) 
 shell ; figs. 8, 9, outside and inside of back (dorsal) shell ; fig. 
 10, 11, inside of belly and back shells of larger size. — Coal 
 Measures of the West. XIII. Abundant in CarlPs 3rd Mtn. 
 Sand, Warren co., Pa. (IIII, p. 273) Waverly^ X; and the same 
 in the Fayette and Westmoreland Co. gaps. (K3, 311) lov). 
 Carl. X. — In Beaver, Lawrence and Mercer cos., in Ferr. Lime. 
 All. Series, (Q, 62, 200; QQ, 46, 106; Q3, 25; V, 147) XIIL— 
 In W. Virginia, Morgantown, in Deckers Cr. shale under Ma- 
 honing SS. (L,36) XIIL — In Fayette and West, cos., abundant 
 in green and black Grinoidal limestones., Pitts. Series. (K, 80; 
 K3, 309 ; L, 34) B. M. XIV. 
 
 Hemipronites cre^iistria. English. See Hemipronites cras- 
 sus above. — XIII XIV. 
 
283 Hesp. 
 
 Hesperomys ; a jaw, with teeth, of an extinct mouse found 
 in the Port Kennedy cave-earth, Chester Co. See Cope, in 
 Proc. A. P. S. 1871, p. 87. — Postpleiooene ; or glacial ? 
 
 Heterocrinus, juvenis. (Hall, Descrip. New Spec. Pal. 
 rpj-i, 3 a Crinoids, p. 4, 1866 ; 1872, 
 
 ^' ^' ^""^ pi. 1, figs. 9, 10.) New- 
 
 berry. Geology of Ohio, 
 
 Newt: Pal- 0. Vol. 1. PM.. Palgeontology, Vol. 1. page 
 
 10, plate 1, fig. 3 a ; perhaps allied to the Cincinnati Hetero- 
 crinus heterodactylus^ but shorter in the arms, which give off 
 a few side armlets, so small as to be mere stout pinnules. It 
 is curious for the excessive disproportion of head to stem. 
 Near Lebanon, O. — Upper Loraine (Hud. Riv. or Cincinnati) 
 formation. — /// h. 
 
 Heterocrinus , Rogers, p. 821 (no figure). /// h. 
 
 Hipparionyx consimilis. See Atrypa reticularis, Va to 
 
 riiig. 
 
 Hipparionyx proximus. See Orthis hipparionyx. VIL 
 Holopea antiqua. {Littorina antiqua.) Hall, page 142, 
 yi fig. 58, 4. Vanuxem, page 112, fig. 23,4. Lower 
 
 ^a. Helderberg. In Pennsylvania, Pike Co., found by 
 
 ^® Dr. Barrett in Stormville shales (G6, 132) and 
 
 51. 4< Stormville limestone (G6, 134.) — In Bedford Co., 
 Piper's run, Everett, middle of the Lower Helderlerg lime- 
 stone. (T2, 88,196.)— FZ 
 
 Holopea elongata. (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1859.— 
 Found by Dr. Barrett at Port J ervis, in the Stormville limestone 
 of 1. C. White, Pike Co., Rt. (G6, p. lU,)— Lower Eelderlerg 
 limestone. VL. 
 
 Holopea obliqua. (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, Trenton 
 Itcjs.^f'- _£^^ aiid Hudson River) Turbo obliguus^ Em- 
 
 mons, American Geology, I, ii, 1855, p. 
 158, plate 5, figs. 18, 18 a, 18 b (alone 
 used), surface smooth or slightly striated. 
 — Trenton and Hudson River (Loraine) 
 ^____ formation. 7/ c, LlLh. — Hall says that 
 
 EmAG.1855. ^^'^ PI 5, this shell has hitherto been considered a 
 Natica ; and that it occurs only in the upper shaly Trenton 
 beds (page 170.) 
 
20 
 
 Em.A.G.l855, 
 
 HoLO. 284 
 
 Holopeapaludiniformis. (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1874, 
 
 ^. Trenton.) Jurho ameri- 
 
 IH'c. j^^ ^^n^ Games d'Orbigny. Em- 
 
 a- "b J^^^^^ mons Amer. Geol. 1855, 
 
 Vol. 1, part 2, p. 158, 
 plate 6, figs. 20 a, i ; 4: 
 whorls, round and full; 
 casts smooth, as found in 
 the New York Trenton 
 ^^'^'' limestone. — II c. 
 Holopea proutana. (Hall, Trans. Albany Institute, Vol. 
 V 33 34,^.^4, 1856, Warsaw limestone. Callonema? 
 
 ^'* - "- proutana Whitfield, Bull. 3, Amer. Mus. 
 
 Nat. Hist. 1886, p. 72, plate 8, figs. 33, 34.) 
 CoUett's Indiana Keport, 1882, page 368> 
 plate 31, figs. 33, 34, front and back views^ 
 ^1 enlarged twice— S^QVgen Hill, Warsaw 
 limestone^ XI, 
 
 Holopea ventrieosa. (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol.1, 1847, Tren- 
 ton) Turbo ven- 
 tricosus of Em- 
 mons. Am. Geol, 
 1855, Vol.1, part 
 2, p. 158, plate 
 6, tig. 10 a, b; 
 3 whorls. New 
 York Trenton 
 limestone, II g^ 
 
 :m.A.Gl.l855 
 Holoptychius americanus. S^e H, nobilissimus. fX 
 
 T-iUeL's \ %Himcliuch.VoL5, fiq. I8^U. 
 
285 
 
 HOLO. 
 
 
 Holoptychius nobilissimus. A^assiz {Hoi, americanus ?) 
 
 ^' ^^MgM^^^^^ J- Hall, 
 X ^^^i^p^sm^^ie^^i^ft pages 
 
 281, 282. 
 figs. 130,' 
 2,3 and 4 
 fig. 131. 
 Oatskill 
 forma- 
 tion./X- 
 (131 is a 
 jaw; 130, 
 ^ 2, 3, are 
 scales; 
 130, 4 is a fragment water- worn.) 
 { See Agassiz, Mon. Poissons fossiles. 
 1845.) See Hall, Geol. 4th district 
 N. Y. plate 3.)— Claypole's list of 
 Perry Co. fossils, preface to F2, XV. 
 — Chemung Catskill leds, VIII-IX, 
 I give on p. 284 a restoration of this 
 Devonian fish by Huxley from Zit- 
 tel's Handbuch, Vol. 3, page 179, 
 fig. 184.— In Perry Co., Pa., Claypole 
 collected it on the hill top west of 
 Newport in Chemung- Catskill pas- 
 sage beds (Spec. 26-2) ; and at Lin- 
 ton's hill, W. of King's mill, in the 
 same beds (Spec. 114-3, two) VIII- 
 IX, White collected it in Columbia 
 Co., Pa., N. of Bloom, and 4 m. W. 
 of Shickshinny, in Catskill strata, 
 (Spec. 98-1.) IX,— hX Orange ville. 
 Col. Co., 1000' above top of Chemung 
 (G7, 217) or lowest red bed of F7//-7X(p.287) ; teeth, scales, 
 hones, in bed 54 of Catawissa section at base of Catskill (pp. 
 54, 59, 60, 238)— /X— In the northern tier of counties, in the 
 red beds (above Hall's uppermost Chemung shales holding Spi- 
 rifercB, Strophomenm and Atrypce, but with no such shells,) 
 thousands of fish bones and scales are visible as white spots on 
 
HoLO. 286 
 
 a red surface, often minutely ground up; but often perfect, and 
 from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter; '*by far the 
 most numerous being the well-known English Old Ked fish 
 H. nobilissimus ; the cast of the enamel surface of the scale 
 being often the only thing preserved; teeth are often founds 
 sometimes jaws; and occasionally a fine spine." (Hall in I^ 
 54-, 99, 101,102; and all the northern Eeports.) 
 
 Holoptychius taylori. {Sauripteris taylori.) Hall, Geol- 
 IX gf^SS^^^ ^Sy of the Fourth District of New 
 
 York, 1843, page, 281, fig. 130, 1. A 
 scale, or plate, from CatsMll roclcsy 
 IX. Note. — This scale, with those 
 on page 285, and the fin there 
 given, were collected in northern 
 Pennsylvania (see foot note to 
 Hall's 1833, p. 281). The name 
 Sauripteris., or croGodile--fin.^ was 
 proposed by Hall at that time, with- 
 ^ i^^J^SSBiy^^SB^'' out determining whether or not 
 the scales belonged to the same animal. All these remains are 
 now recognized as belonging to various kinds of bucklered or 
 armoured fishes, which swarmed in the later Devonian sea. 
 
 Holoptychius ? with Cocoosteus, and a multitude of 
 
 other fish remains found ^by Dr. Kandall in the quarry near 
 Warren, Pa., 240' above the Allegheny river. Mr. White cal- 
 culates it 375' beneath the Olean conglomerate (the bottom 
 of No. XII) and conjectures that it is the 1st Venango oil 
 sand. (Q4, p. 102, note.) In Crawford Co., Greenwood, in 
 the (^\QVL^2i\e^eciioYi,\heMeadville upper limestone is a mass of 
 HsJi and shell fragments ; hundreds of fish scales on every frag- 
 ment of rock ; most of them belonging to Orodus, Cladodus, 
 PaloeonisGus\ but some looking like a small species of Holop- 
 tychius. (Q4, p. 140). in Huntingdon Co. fisJi scales and^ 
 hones appear in a red sandstone bed at the iase of IX, 350' 
 above the Chemung Upper (Lackawaxen) conglomerate of I. 
 C. White, (T3, 193). 
 
 Holoptychius ? Bothriolepis ? collected by Claypole at 
 Kings' mills. Perry Co., Pa., from low Catskill beds (spec. 36- 
 G-1, 2, four.) See the cast of a plate (spec. S-36).— Speci- 
 mens 93-12, 13, 14, and the tooth 93-16, are all from White's 
 
287 
 
 HOLO. 
 
 collections at Rupert Narrows near Bloomsburg, Ool. Co., Pa., 
 from low CatsMll leds. YIII-IX, 
 
 Holoptychius (scale and piece of rib) in specimen 902-3^ 
 Sherwood's coll. at Mansfield, Tioga Co., Pa., from Upper Che- 
 mung^ VIII-IX, 
 
 Note.— Mr. Agassiz named the Holoptyohius noUUssimus 
 in his Researches sur les poissons fossiles in 1843, and Hall 
 published his identification of it in Northern Pennsylvania in 
 the same year. But descriptions of the Scotish forms came to 
 us in the winter of 1840-41. It was in the spring of 1841 that 
 I happened to find perhaps the first specimen in America, as I 
 was riding down the dug road on the north bank of the Oowa- 
 nesque in Tioga county. I thought at first sight that it was; a 
 small tortoise asleep by the roadside. When I dismounted and 
 picked it up I recognized it as one of the dorsal plates of an 
 Old Red fish surrounded by the marginal fragments of the 
 other plates. I sent it with other collections to Philadelphia, 
 but the box never reached its destination. Expressage was 
 unknown forty-eight years ago. 
 
 Homalonotus dekayi, {Dipleura dekayi,) Hall, page 
 
 VIILC __«««^ ^^^ % 84, 1. Vanuxem, 
 
 page 150, fig. 36, 1. Rog- 
 (ers, page ^^"1%^ Marcellus 
 ( Vanuxem ) ; Hamilton, 
 (Hall.) See Green's 
 monograph of trilobites, 
 1832. Hamilton,— {CIslj- 
 pole's specimens from 
 Barnett's mills,Perry Co., 
 Hamilton upper shales 
 (5-96,two; 5-99) ; Jeri- 
 cho school house (54-3) ; 
 Crawley hill (94-3, 7, 13, 
 14,) from Hamilton upper 
 fossil ore led. — In Hun- 
 tingdon Co., in Hamilton upper shales, 50' below Tully lime- 
 stone, at Cove Station (T3, 107) ; near Grafton (p. 109) ; bed 5, 
 Mapleton section (p. 273) ; at Huntingdon (p. 109) ; Rough and 
 Ready, in Hamilton upper sandstone (p. 110) — YIII c. 
 
 Hall 81^. 
 
HOMA. 
 
 288 
 
 Homalonotus delphinocephalus. {Trimerus delpM- 
 
 ~ nocephalus). Hall, page 
 
 103, fig. 34. Rogers 
 page 828, no figure 
 Clinton and Niagara 
 (Often 7 or 8 inches long 
 very rarely 12 inches 
 See Murchison's Siluri- 
 an Research, plate 1 bis, 
 fig 1 a, b. Green's Mon- 
 ograph, 1832, plate 82, 
 fig. 1.) — In Pennsylva- 
 nia, Huntingdon Oo.^ 
 Ferguson valley, Orbi 
 sonia, in limestone lay- 
 ers in the 133' of shales 
 overlying the Clinton 
 fossil ore led. (0. E. 
 Hall,Proc. A. P. S.Jan. 
 5,1876; White's Rt. T3, 
 p. 141.)— In Perry Co., 
 Pa. Millerstown fossil 
 ore hank, (Clay pole's 
 specimens 161-2, three ; 
 161-13.)— F«. — Speci- 
 mens in collections of 
 Hall, Hale and Fellows 
 at McKee's fossil ore 
 lank, and Matilda fur- 
 nace, Mifllin Co., and 
 Orbisonia ore banks^ 
 Huntingdon Co., are as 
 follows :— 501-21 (tail, 
 poor);— 23 (body and 
 tail, fair) ;-28 (frag, of head) ; 34 (frag, of body) ;-36 (two 
 fragments of head, poor) ;-43.-502-l (large tail) ;-8 (small 
 head, poor) ;— 17 (bits of heads) ;— 18 (heads and tails, good) ; 
 -19 (bit of head) ; -21 (head);-24 (head, large and good) ;- 
 32; 34 (head) ;— 45 (four tails and two tails),— 503-11 ; 13 (bit 
 of tail).— 505-5 ;-7 ;— 19 (impression of tail) ;— 23 (bit of head) ; 
 
289 
 
 HOMA. 
 
 —31 (bit of medium sized tail) ;-33 (bit of tail).— 508-9 (tail) ; 
 — 12 (small tail.) All the above were got in the Clinton shales 
 over the fossil ore bed. Va. — See other ligures in Appendix. 
 
 Homalonotus trentonensis, Simpson. New species. For 
 figures and localities^ see the Appendix. 
 
 Homalonotus vanuxemi. Hall, Pal. N. York, Vol. 3, 1859. 
 Loioer Helderherg. — Found by Dr. Barrett, of Port Jervis, in 
 Stormville shales (G6, p. 132). — VI. See Appendix. 
 Hylerpeton dawsoni. Owen. Dawson's Acad. Geol. 
 
 1868, p. 380, 
 ^^6 '47. f, 147^ jaw 
 
 and bits of 
 scull, etc., of 
 a fish, or more 
 likely a rep- 
 tile, found in 
 one of the 
 standing 
 stone trees of 
 the Go a I 
 Measures., 
 
 Joggins section, N. Scotia; a, natural size ; c, enlarged ; d^ 
 section of tooth much magnified. — XIII f 
 Hylonomus aciedentatus. Dawson, Acadian Geology, 
 
 1868, p. 377, f. 145, a 
 
 ^^yv^on. Acdcf. Geof. 1868 
 
 P. 380 
 
 ...A- 
 
 
 Dawson. 
 Ac. Geol. 1868 
 
 Xni. r -^ ■ /> ;.-■.' '145' 
 
 *': scaled reptile, found 
 
 by Dawson at the 
 
 Joggins, Nova Scotia, 
 
 in 1859, and described 
 
 in Jour. G. S. Lond. 
 
 Vol.16; with 40 teeth 
 
 on each side of the 
 
 mandible and 30 on 
 
 each maxillary, and 
 
 other teeth on the 
 
 intermaxillary bones, 
 
 peculiarly ridged for 
 
 V 377. crushing Crustacea 
 
 and insects, or small ganoid fishes ; and with vertebrae like 
 
 those of Hylonomus lyelli. — Coal Measures., XIII f 
 
 19 
 
Hylo. 290 
 
 Hylonomus lyelli, Dawson, Acadian Geology, 1868, page 
 
 XIII. '-^-^^ .,^^^^^^^„^ _ -friS. I44-. 
 
291 
 
 Hylo. 
 
 373, f. 144, a fine exhibition of what patient search in the Coal 
 Measures may produce, in the way of an almost complete 
 restoration of one of the little insect-feeding lizards which 
 lived on the trees of the swamps. {Holonomus means forest 
 dweller.) Lyell found the first fragments inside a decayed 
 stump (turned to stone and standing in the cliflf of the Joggins 
 on the Bay of Funda; Dawson found others afterwards 
 in other tree stumps {calamites) \ skull, 1 inch long; whole 
 animal, probably six or seven inches long; vertebras, like long 
 hour-glasses; skin covering, bony scales ; bones, so imperfectly 
 ossified and yet so perfectly shaped as to suggest the suspicion 
 that we are dealing with the young of some larger lizards. — 
 Dawson Coal Measures^ XIII ? 
 
 Hylonomus wymani, Dawson. Acadian Geology, p. 378, 
 
 ^ ^ f^ ^ }i 
 
 ^ Dctwson. AccLd. Geol. 1858. 
 
 p. 378. 
 
 f. 146. Found by Prof. Wyman in LyelPs specimons from the 
 Joggins' section of Coal Measures ; a slender lizard, 4 or 5 
 inches long ; possibly the young of IlyL aciedentatus^ but not 
 of Hyl. lyelli ; feeding on insects and grubs, in the coal 
 swamps, and itself eaten by the larger reptiles ; for, ''quantities 
 of its tiny bones occur in coprolitic masses [fossil dung] prob- 
 ably attributed to Dendrerpeton?^ Dawson. — XIII? 
 
 IIym.enophyllites adnascens. See Rhacophyllum adnas- 
 cens. XIII 
 
 Hymenophyllites capillaris. Lesq. Geol. Pa. Vol. 2, p. 863, 
 plate 9, fig.6, looks like a Sphenophyllum branch, 
 but is a true Hymenophyllites in nervation and 
 outline. Perhaps only a variety of H. Hildreti^ 
 with which it was found at the Salines of the 
 Kenawha river, W. Va., in the lowest coal leds 
 JS52 V />/5>. ^j^g^^ exposed.— XZZ7. 
 
 Hymenophyllites expansus. See Rhacophyllum expan- 
 sum, found in Mansfield's Kittanning coal at Cannelton,. 
 Beaver Co., Pa. Lesq. Coal Flora. — XIII 
 
Hymb. 
 
 292 
 
 Rymenophyllites gutbierianus. See Rhacophyllum gut- 
 
 bierianum, found at Cannelton. Lesq. Coal Flora. XIII. 
 
 Hvmenophyllites Hildreti. T eso. GpoI. Pa. 1858, p. 863, 
 Xni. 
 
 ~(v!Kyiiieno-phyTlites 'Hildre-U 
 
 Lesg, IB5& 
 
 piJ: 
 
 pi. 9, f. 5, 5a; also Geol. bur. Ky. Vol. 4; in loioest coals ex- 
 posed at the Salines of the Kenawha, W. N^.—XIII 
 Ilymenophyllites inflatum. Rhac. inflatum. XIIL 
 Hymenophyllites lactuea, Rhacophyllum lactuca. XIII 
 HymenophijlUtes pinnatiMus. Sphen. tridactylites. XI 
 
 Hymenophyllites -? Wayneslurgcoal^ (K, 59.) XV, 
 
 Hyolithellus micans {Hyolithes micans, Billings, 1872, 
 
 Can. Nat. [2] 6, 213, 215, 
 W If- figs. 3^, I.) Walcott, Bull. 
 U. S. G. S. No. 30, page 
 142, plate 14, fig. 2, frag- 
 ment of shell left in 
 mold, enlarged four times 
 to show rings; fig. 2a, 
 end of tube enlarged four 
 times; fig. 25, crushed 
 shell in shale; fig. 2(?, 
 outside of lid (oper- 
 culum) enlarged Ave 
 times ; fig. 2^, inside cast 
 of lid; fig. 6, inside of 
 lid ; 25 was found below 
 Shodack landing, N. Y. ; 
 2, 2a, 2c?, 2d, 2e in the 
 
293 
 
 Hyol. 
 
 conglomerate limestone out-cropping on the ridge east of Troy, 
 N. Y. Others have been found in similar cong. limestone beds 
 at Bic, and St. Simon, Canada. (Larger specimens occur in the 
 Big Cottonwood Canon shales of Utah.) In Georgian {Lower 
 Cambrian) slates. Z. C. — See foot-note to p, 13 i. 
 
 Hyolithes {Theca.) Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 10, 
 
 PI 2 plate 2, fig. 4, cast of inside 
 
 surface of a lid (operculum) 
 
 I of this pteropod ; fig. 4(2, o^lt- 
 
 side surface ; both magnified 
 
 /^wr diameters. — M, C, 
 
 Hyolithes acadica. ( Theca acadica^ Hartt's label.) WaL 
 
 , -^CN ^^^^^ Bulletin, U. S. G. S. No. 10, page 
 
 LC.PIl.^-. ..^.-r^^ .20, plate 2, fig. 5, ventral face of the 
 
 pteropod shell, natural size, — New Bruns- 
 wick, in Saint John formation^ Middle 
 
 Cambrian, M. C. — See foot-note to page 134. 
 
 Hyolithes aclis. {Theca aclis.) Hall, Palaeontology of 
 New York, V. 2, 1879, page 197, plate 32, figs. 22 to 30; plate 
 32 A. figs. 21 to 25. — In the semicalcareous shales of Cayuga 
 lake, N.Y. Hamilton. VIII c, 
 
 Hyolithes aculeatus. ( Theca aculeatus.) Hall, Palaeon- 
 tology of New York, V, 2, 1879, page 192; described in 1860 
 as Pugiunculus aculeat a irom. Rockford,Ind. Lower Carboni- 
 ferous goniatite beds. XIII? 
 
 Hyolithes americanus. ( Theca triangularis. Hall, 1847, 
 
 ca u 6/ I'^l- N- Y. I, 313, plate 
 
 MO.A ^^^ A ..r^-^^ A 87, 1 ^ to 1 6?.— Ford, 
 
 1871, Am. Jour. Sci. [3] 
 II, 33.— Billings 1872, 
 Can. Nat. [2j VI, 215, 
 figs. 2 (^, b ; Am. Jour. 
 S. [3] III, 353, figs. 2 a, 
 b.) Walcott, Bull. U.S. 
 G. S. No. 30, page 132, 
 plate 13, fig. 6, ventral 
 view, enlarged three 
 times ; fig. 6 a.^ dorsal 
 view, of a narrow speci- 
 men enlarged 2 1-2 
 
 PlAtelS 
 
 J 
 
Hyol. 
 
 294 
 
 times; fig. 6 5, o, cross sections; 6(^, lid (operculum) enlarged 
 twice ; 6 e, lid enlarged Ave times ; fig. 6 f. small broad speci- 
 men, enlarged-five times.- Lower Cambrian ( Conglomerate lime- 
 stone) formation at Troy, N. Y., and at Bic and St. Simon, 
 Canada. L. (7.— See foot-note to page 1S4, 
 Hyolithes billingsi. (Salterella ohtusa Billings, Geol. 
 
 Vt. Pal. Foss. Syoli- 
 j ^^P(» 15 thes primordialis ? 
 White, 100th, Mer. 
 Inv. Foss. lY, 1, figs. 
 5 a — e ; but not Theca 
 oUusa Salter, Mem. 
 G. S. G.B.IILp.352) 
 Walcott, Bulletin U. 
 S. G. S. No. 30, page 
 134, plate 13, fig. 1, 
 side view; 1 a front 
 view ; 1 &, back view ; 
 1g, section ; all of specimen from Nevada ; fig. 1 d, lid found 
 in same bit of rock with fig. 1; fig. 1 e, specimen from L'Anse 
 au Loup, Labrador. (None have yet been found in Vermont 
 or New York; but the great range makes it probable that they 
 ^l\\ he.)— Lower Cambrian. L. C.—See foot-note to page 1S4. 
 Hyolithes carbonaria. Walcott. [X, XL] 
 Hyolithes centennialis. Barrett, Annals of Lyceum 
 Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1877. Lower LLelderUrg, on the Delaware 
 river, near Port Jervis. VL. See Appendix. 
 
 Hyolithes communis. (Billings, Can. Nat. 1872, VI, 214, 
 Mr ^ 34 3, PI 14 figs. I a, 1 h.) Walcott 
 
 ^ ^ ^ Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 30, 
 
 page 137, plate 14, figs. 3, 
 back view, natural size ; 
 3 h, another specimen ; 3 c, 
 lid (operculum;) all from 
 Bic harbor, below Quebec, 
 Canada. Fig. Zd^ 3 e speci- 
 mens from near Troy, N. 
 Y., 3 /*, 3 ^, cross sections 
 J to show irregularities of 
 thickness of shell ; magni- 
 
295 
 
 Hyol. 
 
 Hed from three to tour times,— {c Hyolithes imp ar. Fori,)— 
 Lower Cam.hrian. Z. C.—See foot-7iote to page 1S4. 
 
 Hyolithes communis, var. emmonsi. ( Salter ella^Yord. 
 
 hAC .^ Am. J. S. 1S71, Vol, 2, 
 ^p °' p. 33. Hyol. emmonsi 
 pUte \K. Ford. Am. J. S. 1873, 
 V. 214, figs. 3 1? to 3 e.) 
 Walcott, Bull. U. S. G. 
 ^ S. No. 30, page 137, 
 plate 14, fig. 4, back 
 view, showing three layers of shell and a septum ; fig. 4 a^ front 
 view of a specimen showing constriction at point ; both magni- 
 Aed three times. — Even bedded and Conglomerate limestone, 
 Troy,N.Y. Loioer Cambrian, L. G. — See foot-note to page ISJ^, 
 Hyolithes danianus. {Camarotheca daniana.^ Matthew, 
 
 Lm>* w * 
 
 la 
 
 ''?.X 
 
 1884, Mss.) Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. 
 S. No. 10, page 20, plate 2, fig. 7, back 
 view of a portion of a shell; 7 ^, front 
 view ; 7 />, side view to show the curvi- 
 ture ; all enlarged twice. Middle Cam- 
 Irian {Saint John) formation, New 
 Brunswick, M. C. — A considerable 
 range of variation in this species. In 
 some the ventral side is not flattened, 
 and the dorsal side has a narrow line each 
 side of the center. Curvature varies. 
 Hyolithes gibbosus. ( Theca gihlosa, Hall and Worthen.) 
 See Hairs history of the genus in Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, part 2,1879, 
 pp. 191-195, where it is placed in the Potsdam which Walcott 
 calls Upper Camhrian., Bull 30, p. 131. — See Appendix. 
 Hyolithes impar. (Ford, 1872, Am. J. Sc. [3] vol. 3, p. 
 
 419, figs. \a, I. 2a, h.) Walcott? 
 Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 30, page 
 139, plate 14, fig. 1, side view, 1 a 
 Iront view, of type specimen, fig. 
 1 (/, lid (operculum), from Troy. 
 Fig. 1 6% cast of tube, showing con- 
 striction at the septum, enlarged 
 tvnce. — Lower Cambrian ( Georgi- 
 an) conglomerate and even bedded 
 limestone, Troy, N. Y. L. C. 
 
Hyol. 296 
 
 Hyolithes ligea ( Theca ligea, Hall), Villa. See Appendix 
 Hyolithes micans. See Hyolithellus micans. L. G, 
 Hyolithes micmac, (Matthew, 1884, Mss.) Walcott, Bull. 
 4.x* ' ! ?<•• Z. U. S. G. S. No. 10, page 21, plate 
 
 c -sss^g;^^^!;^^^^^^^ 2, fig. 6, type specimen, enlarged 
 ^"^^^'^•^'—^-^^h^^^ tioice. — From Middle Cambrian 
 
 (Saint John) formation, in company with Microdiscus puncta- 
 
 tus. New Brunswick. M. C, 
 
 Hyolithes neapolis. Clark, Bull. 16, U. S. G. S. 1885, p. 
 
 cik. B.I6. ■""Mm^ --'mi^ig^i^^ ^ strong cross lines; no lines 
 
 lengthwise; a handsome species of the Naples ( Up, Oenesee)^ 
 differing from those of the Chemung above, and Hamilton 
 below in its surface marking.— F///^— Note. A dorsal and 
 ventral valve, very small, and not sculptured, from the ''upper 
 black band," may be another species. 
 
 Hyolithes parviusculus. {Ihecaparviuscula^^dW^ Geo- 
 logical Report on Wisconsin, 1862, from Hudson River {Lor- 
 raine) formation Illb.—See reference in Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, 
 part 2, 1879, pp. 192, 193; and in Walcott's Bull, 30, U. S. S. S. 
 1886, p. 132. — See Appendix for -figures^ &c. 
 
 Hyolithes primordialis ? ( Theca primordialis. Hall, 
 1861, from Potsdam sandstone of the Missis- 
 M.C. Pl.15,4/ sippi Valley; probably the same as forma 
 ^^,,a,j3gjgjffl^gp^^^ from the base of the Calciferous sandstone on 
 ^^^^^"^"^ the Escanaba river, indicated by Hall in Fos- 
 ter & Whitney's Report in Lake Superior district, 1851. See 
 Hall, Pal. N. Y. V. 2, page 192.)— Walcott, in Bulletin U. S.G. 
 S. No. 30, page 141, plate 13, fig. 4, magniiied Hve times^ cites 
 a poorly preserved form, with the same apical angle (15^) and 
 a similar outline of cross section, as occurring in Lower Cam- 
 hrian (Georgian) reddish, sandy, magnesian limestone, a mile 
 east of Highgate Springs, Vt., in company with Olenellus 
 thompsoni and Ftychoparia adamsi. Also in purplish sand- 
 stone above the Olenellus led east of Swanton, Vt.— Note. 
 For Hyolithes primordialis=Theca gregarius of Hall, see 
 Walcott, Bull. 30, page 132.)— Z. C 
 
297 
 
 Hyol. 
 
 L.C^ R*7^ 
 
 Hyolithes princeps. (Billings, 1872, Can. Nat. Vol. 6, 
 
 213, 216, figs. 4^, 5) 
 MX. Pt&te .13, ;^..5 ^^^^.^^.^.^^^1^ Walcott, Bull. U. 
 
 S. G.S. No.30,page 
 135, plate 13, fig. 5, 
 back view ; 5a side 
 view, natural size; 
 5b. cross section of 
 a more rounded 
 specimen. — Lower 
 
 Canihrian^ conglomerate limestone, below Quebec. — Note. 
 
 Flas been recoguized on Silver Peak, Nevada. L. C. 
 
 Hyolithes principalis. Villa. See Appendix. 
 
 Hvolithes shaleri. Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 10, 
 
 4"it>^ page 44, plate 7, fig. 4, back 
 
 view; 4<^, front view; 45, side 
 view, natural size ; 4(?, cross 
 section. — Middle Cambrian 
 ( Paradoxides argillite) form- 
 ation. Hay ward's quarry, S. 
 Braintree, Mass. M. C. 
 
 The most nearly related 
 American species of Hyo- 
 lithes is H. excellens^ Billings 
 (Pal. Foss. Vol. 2, pt.l,p.70, 
 fig. 39, 1874), from Smith's 
 Sound, Trinity Bay, New 
 Foundland ; but although 
 closely allied they seem to be 
 distinct species. Walcott. 
 
 Hyolithes singulus. VIII c. See Appendix. 
 
 Hyolithes striatus. VIII c. See Appendix. 
 
 Hyolithes triliratus. VIII c. See Appendix. 
 
 Hyolithes vanuxemi. {Theea). Walcott, in Bull. U. 8. 
 Geol. Sur. No. 30, page 132 (table) ; assigned to the Lower 
 Silurian ( Ordovieian) system, II? III? — See Appendix. 
 
 Hyolithes ? 00, p. 235, specimen 808-5 (base of 
 
 the fossil only) in Fellows' coll. at Dingman's Ferrj'-, Pike Co., 
 Pa., from Hamiltcn. VIII c. 
 
Hypa. 
 
 298 
 
 HypanthoGrinites cmlatus. Eucalyptocrinus cselatus. F5. 
 Hypanthocrinites deoorus. Eucalyptocrinus dec orus. VI, 
 Ilypurites longifolius. See Asterophyllites equiseti- 
 f or mis. XIII, 
 
 IdithyoGrinus Icevis. See Cyatliocrinus pyriformis. Vb. 
 Ichthyocrinus subangularis. See Appendix. 
 Ichthyodorulite (fish spine). Hall, pages 174, 175, figs. 69, 
 
 ,K 
 
 
 
 70, 6, 7; Vanuxem page 132. 
 fig. 31, 4. Upper Ilelderherg 
 formation. (Not so abundant 
 in western as in middle New 
 York.) — YIII a. — This seems 
 to be the lowest formation in N. 
 Y. in which vertebrate remains 
 have been seen, viz. the Onon- 
 daga limestone^ but such spines 
 have been collected from the 
 next oyevlymgCorniferous lime- 
 stone. (Vanuxem, 1842 ) 
 
299 
 
 III J?. 
 
 nisenus arcturus. (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847. Chazy 
 ew.,^M^v"i3 and Black River groups.) Emmons, Am. Geol. 
 I, ii, 1855, page 235, plate 3, fig. 12 ; distin- 
 guished by width of head lobe, at junction with 
 throat (thorax), by the side extent of check- 
 pieces, and by more distinct development of head lobes. Up- 
 per part of Caloiferous sandstone formation. II a. 
 
 lUsenus armatus. Hall, in CoUett's Indiana Report of 
 1881, page 335, plate 34, figs. 10, and 20; and plate 33, fig. 12. 
 See Appendix for -figure, 
 
 Illcenus harriensis. See lUaenus ioxus. V a^ h. 
 
 Illsenus ioxus. {Bumastis harriensis^) Hall, plate fig. [11, 
 
 2] natural size. 
 Hall, 1843, 
 page 101, fig. 
 33,4, of a speci- 
 men nearly 
 twice as large 
 as those com- 
 monly seen,but 
 not as large as 
 the largest 
 which have been found. Niag- 
 ara formation, VI (See Mur- 
 chison's Silurian Researches? 
 page 656, plate 7 bis, figs. 3 a> 
 b, c, d; plate 14, figs. 7 a, 
 b.) Also Hall, plate 19 (11?) 
 1843, fig. 2, (with Lie has 
 {Platynotus) boltoni, and 
 Proetus (Asaphus) cory- 
 phaeus. — In Pennsylvania, it has been found by 0. E. Hall, m 
 the Clinton outcrops of Ferguson Valley, Huntingdon Co. 
 (Proc. A. P. S. Phila. Jan. 5, 1876) ; and by J. J. Stevenson in 
 shale partings of fossil ore hed at Wolfsburg, Bedford Co., Pa. 
 (T2, 144.) — Va. — Note. An Illcenus is shown on specimen 
 506-32, of 0. E. HalPs collections 2 miles south of Bell's Mills, 
 in Clinton red shale. Va, — For other figures^ taken from Hall, 
 in Collett's Indiana Report of 1881, page 835, plate 33, f. 13,14, 
 see Appendix, 
 
Ill^l 
 
 300 
 
 lUaenus trentonensis {Bumastis trentonensis) . Emmons, 
 
 \h\. 
 
 Ejoo: 
 
 page 
 390 fig. 
 100, 1. 
 Tr en- 
 
 ton for- 
 
 **• maUon 
 
 (Also, Amer. Geol. 1855, Vol. 
 1, part 2, page 215, plate 15, 
 fig. 13.) — A trilobite has been 
 found in the Calciferous sand- 
 stone or Magnesian limestone 
 strata in the Nittany valley, 
 along the little Juniata river, 
 by C. E. Hall (Proc. Am. Phil. 
 Soc. Jan. 5, 1876), which may 
 £•100. U^^^^^ be this or a difi*erent species. — 
 
 Spec. 210-120 (a small fragment) and 211-8 (thirty-one speci- 
 mens) see 00, p. 232.— //c. 
 
 Inachus undatxis. See Euomphalus catilloides. U o. 
 Inocaulis divaricata. See Appendix for Hgure. 
 Inocaulis plumulina, Hall, is probably figured on page 
 148 above as a Coral ? (J. B. Dawson, Feb. 1889.) 
 
 Inoceramus dam^noniensis, Mytilarca dam. VIII g^ 
 Insects. Oockroaches^ etc. See Gerablattina, &c. XI 
 Intricaria datlirata. See note to I. reticulata. /// 5. 
 Intricariareticulata.(Hall,Pal.N.York,Vol.l.l847,rre7^75^7^ 
 
 TT^ .m....,.,,..m^Bmfmmi!!!i3'^- «x and Cincin- 
 
 natz (Hud- 
 son River 
 
 ^^^r m Emmons, 
 pjrj Amer. Geol. 
 
 1855, plate 7, figs. S a,Sh,S c— Trenton limestone, and also 
 Hudson Eiver (Loraine, or Cincinnati) slate formations.— 
 Note. Another bryozoon of the Hudson Eiver formation has 
 been called Intricaria dathrata, by Miller & Dyer, contribu- 
 tors to PaUeontology. No. 2, 1878.— //o. 
 
301 
 
 Invo. 
 
 Involuti?ialobata^Enf^liBh. Comp. Endothyrabaileyi. XL 
 
 Iphidea bella. (Billings, 1872, Can. Nat. Vol. 6, 477 ; 1874, 
 Pal. Foss. 2, pt. 1, p. 76,) Wolcott, Bull. U. S. G. 
 
 MC i rJ.7* S. No. 30, page 100, plate 7, fig. 4, copy of Bill- 
 ings' original figure ; ventral (?) valve. — Lower 
 Cambrian^ in Canada below Quebec; in L'Anse 
 au Loup limestone Belle Isle Straits, etc ; not yet 
 
 in Vermont, New York, or Rocky mountains. Z. (7. 
 
 Isis ? (Coral.) Hall, Plate fig. [24, 2, 3.] F, b. 
 
 H.43.3, 
 
 Isotelus canalis, Conrad. (Hall's Palaeon. N.Y.Vol. 1, 1847, 
 
 Trenton and LLudson river groups.) Emmons, Am. Geol. 1855, 
 I, ii, 236, plate 3, figs. 17, 18, 19. The margin of the shield of 
 this trilobite is traversed by a rather deep furrow. Figs. 17 and 
 19 were found by Dr. Emmons in the Calciferous sandstone 
 {LL a^) at Chazy in northern New York ; in 17, only the margin 
 has been preserved from erosion. — Reported by C. E. Hall 
 from the Calciferous in Nittany Valley, Pa. ; from the Chazy 
 in Kishicoquillis Valley, Mifflin Co., Pa. ; and from the Trenton^ 
 in Nittany Valley. (Proc. A. P. S , Jan., 1876.)— //a, 5, c. 
 
ISOT. 
 
 302 
 
 Isotelus gigas. (Asaphus platycephalus.) 
 
 * 4' A 
 
 Jaculus ? hudsonius, Zimm 
 Kennedy cave, Chester Co., Pa 
 Postpliocene ? — See Appendix, 
 
 Enorria aciculatis. Europe. 
 
 Vanuxem^ 
 page 46, 
 fig. 4, 1. 
 Emmons, 
 page 389^ 
 fig, 99, 1. 
 Rogers, 
 p.818,fig. 
 610. Sal- 
 ter and 
 Wood- 
 ward's 
 chart of 
 English fossils, fig. 70. II c. 
 Trenton formation. (DeKay, 
 Ann. L^^ceum Nat. Hist. New 
 York, Vol. I, 1825.) Ill b. 
 Lorraine (Hudson river) for- 
 mation, Rogers, page 819, no 
 figure. He says (in Pennsyl- 
 vania ?) it is rare in the great 
 limestone formation below 
 the Trenton, but becomes 
 abundant in the Trenton. 
 (T, 65.)— lie. 
 
 This ^iant trilobite is three 
 times as large as the figure of 
 it here given. Specimens have 
 been found in Ohio a foot or 
 more long. Fragments of it 
 are numerous in all the out- 
 crops of the Trenton lime- 
 stone formation. Fort Plain 
 in the Mohawk valley is an 
 especially good collection lo- 
 cality. (Vanuxem, p. 47.) 
 
 One jaw found in the Port 
 , Proc. A. P. S. 1871, p. 86.— 
 
 See K. imbricata. XIIL 
 
303 
 
 Knok. 
 
 Knorria imbricata. {Lepidolepis imbricata^ Sternberg ; 
 
 V. ^. _ Knorria im- 
 
 hricata^ Gop- 
 pert; Knorria 
 longifoliay 
 G op p ert; 
 Kn orria 
 schrarn.mi' 
 ana^ Goep ; 
 Knorria aci- 
 Gulatis^Qoe'p; 
 Pinites pul- 
 
 vinaris, and P. mughiformis, Sternberg. Lesquereux's Coal 
 Flora of Penna. Report P, 1880, page 407, plate 74, figs 14, 
 15.) Collett's Ind. Rt. 1882, p. 86, plate 19, figs. 7, 8. Mostly 
 just below and just above the PoUsville conglomerate ; X- 
 XIII. From ^h^^Pocono coal in Sideling hill, East Broad Top 
 RR. tunnel. (T3, p. 88.)— X. 
 
 Knorria longifolia, Europe. See K. imbricata. XIII 
 
 Knorria schrammiana. Europe. See K. imbricata. XIIL 
 
 Kutorgina looks externally like Lingular lingulella^ Tre- 
 matis, and Ololella. Walcott, Bull. U. S. G. S. No. 30, p. 106. 
 
 Kutorgina cingulata. ( Ololella cingulata. Billings, 
 
KuTo. 304 
 
 Geol. Vt. figs. 347, 349 ; Geol. Can. figs. 287, a. h. ; Pal. Foss. I 
 figs. 8, ^,— Ololella pUllipsi, Davidson, Mon. B. F. B. Ill, p. 
 62, pi. 4, figs. 17 — 19. — Kutorgina cingulata^ var. picsilla^ Lin- 
 narson, Brach. Par. beds Sweden, S. V. AK. Hand III, pi. 4, 
 fig 53, 54.) Walcott, Bull. U. S. G. S. No. 30, page 102, plate 
 9, fig. 1, front view; 1 a, side view; 1 5, back view of large 
 shell, mostly denuded of outer surface. Fig. 1 c side view of 
 small shell, to show variation in height of dorsal valve. Fig. 
 1 d^ cast of inside of dorsal valve, with muscular scars. Fig. 
 1 6, dorsal valve, enlarged. Fig. 1 /*, inside of dorsal valve ; (1 
 g omitted) ; 1 h flattened specimen (ventral valve?) from Par- 
 ker's quarry shales. — Lower Camhrian (Georgian) formation of 
 Labrador; abundant, with Olenellus thompsoni^ in limeshales, 
 near Swanton, Vt.; compressed casts at Parker's quarry, Vt.; 
 identified in Wales and Sweden ; and on Silver Peak, Nevada. 
 Z. C. — See foot-note to page 1S4. 
 
 Kutorgina labradorica. {Oholus lahradoricus^ Billings, 
 
 Palaeoz. 
 
 ^^. ^1^ 2. P''^* Foss. I, 
 
 / \^^ Walcott 
 
 "^-^^^^ ' Bull. U. 
 
 S. G. S. No. 30, page 104, plate 9, fig. 2 and 2 ^, ventral valves, 
 enlarged \ 2 J, dorsal valve, enlarged. — Lower Cambrian 
 {Oeorgian) formation, near Swanton, and near High Gate 
 Springs, Vt., and in Labrador. — Z. (7. 
 
 Lamellibranch shell-flsh are those which have two ex- 
 actly similar but lopsided valves, like the Scallop^ and the two 
 valves cover the right and left sides of the animal ; whereas 
 Brachiopod shellUsh have two unlike but symmetrical valves, 
 covering the back and belly of the animal, like the Lampshells 
 of the present day. 
 
 Lambdodus -fish scales frequent in Meadville upper lime- 
 stone. Crawford Co., Pa., (Q4, p. 83) — X. See Appendix, 
 
 Lampterocrinus parvus. See Appendix. 
 
 liOaia leidyi. See figures, natural size and magnified to 
 show sculpture under Leperditia okeni. 
 
305 
 
 Leai. 
 
 Leaia tricarinata. 
 XIII 
 
 (Meek & Worthen, Illinois Geological 
 Report, Vol. 3, 1868, 
 page 541.) Collett's 
 Indiana Geological Re- 
 ^A port of 1883, page 167, 
 plate 39, fig. 10, right 
 valve, natural size ; fig. 11, another, enlarged twice ; fig. 12, 
 back view of another, enlarged twice ; fig. 13, left valve, natural 
 size. — This interesting little bivalve crustacean has been found 
 at various places in the Indiana Coal Measures, usually pressed 
 flat ; shell very thin and seldom preserved. It resembles Leaia 
 leidyi^ a Pennsylvania species half its size. CoUett. — XIII, 
 
 Lecanocrinus macropetalus. Hall. To this belong figs. 
 5, 5«, 55, ("Cyathocrinus").p. 165 above. (Whitfield.) 
 Lecanocrinus pusillus. See Appendix. 
 Leda hellistriata. See Nuculana bellistriata. XIII 
 Leda levata. See Tellinomya levata. //<?, 1111. 
 Leda nasuta. {Nucula nasuta.^ Hall, Trans. Albany Insti- 
 tute, Vol. 4, 1856 ; Nuculana 
 nasuta., Whitfield, Bull. 3, 
 Am Mus. Nat. Hist. p. 57, 
 
 InxL.l'iTL. /»/. 30.^^^ Y%VC^ Indiana Report, 1882, 
 
 page 344, plate 30, figs. 7, 8, enlarged four times^ similar views 
 of two specimens ; fig. 9, enlarged three times^ another from 
 Spergen hill. 111. — Subcarboniferous {Warsaw limestone) for- 
 mation. XI 
 Leda rostellata. See Nuculana rostellana. VIII c. 
 Leiopteria bigsbyi. See Appendix. 
 Leiopteria dekayi. See Appendix. 
 Leiopteria rafinesquii. See Appendix. 
 
 Leiopteria ? Specimen 886-1 ,in Sherwood's coll. on 
 
 Bently creek, Bradford Co., Pa., from Chemung^ VIII g. 
 Leiorhynchus globuliformis. {Atrypa gloluliformis.) 
 y Vanuxem Geology of the Third District of 
 ^ ' New York, 1842, page 182, fig. 49, 2. Che- 
 mung. — Found by White at Danville (G7, 
 72, 308), and by Olaypole ^ m. N. of Liver- 
 pool, Perry Co., Pa. (Spec. 37-2, 3.) — 
 Vlllg. 
 20 
 
Leio. 
 
 306 
 
 yiif.v 
 
 villi 
 
 Leiorhynchus ? hecate, Clarke. Bull. 16, U. S. G. S. 1885, 
 •Yiiie. ^^fc, ^''■- page 31, plate 3, fig. 14, magniHed 10 times j 
 
 the most abundant fossil in the Genesee black 
 shale of Ontario Co,, N. Y. Five rounded 
 folds on each side of the middle groove of the 
 ventral valve ; disappearing towards the beak ; 
 surface not sculptured. — VIII e, 
 Lieiorliynchus limitaris. ( Atri/pa UmitariSy Hall ; Orthis 
 
 limitaris^ Vanuxem ) Hall, page 
 180, fig. 71, 11. Vanuxem, page 
 146, fig. 35, 2. Rogers, page 826, 
 fig. 652. Marcellus formation. 
 (Supposed to characterize this 
 formation by being found in no 
 other in New York.) — In Perry 
 Co. Pa. Claypole collected it from 
 Smith's quarry, Sandy Hollow, 
 Marcellus limestone^ &c. (Spec. 
 48-1.) — At the Huntingdon car 
 works also (T3, 115) ; at McCon- 
 nellstown in vast numbers (Specs. 
 188-1, 2, 191-2); at 203rd mile 
 post RR (T3, 113) ; especially abundant 10' below top of Mar- 
 cellus black shale. No. 8 of McConnellstown section (T3, 198) ; 
 the most abundant of the many shells which crowd the upper 
 250' of Marcellus in West Huntingdon (T3, 258) ; abundant in 
 upper beds of Marcellus along Murray's run, east Oneida t. 
 Also in Marcellus (with Styliola Ussurella) at Selinsgrove, 
 Northumberland Co. (G7, p. 79.) VIII 5. — But it is found also 
 in the Hamilton lower shales on 005*60 run, RR. quarry. Hunt. 
 Co. (T3, 112; and Claypole's spec. 190-2)— FZ/7&, c. 
 Leiorhynchus mesacostalis. [Atrypa mesaGOstalis.)Ilsi\]^ 
 
 G.4thD. 
 [67,1, a, 
 b.] Che- 
 m u ng 
 
 * ^"mmm.'a^^smm^ forma- 
 
 1 1 on . 
 (Casts common everywhere.) — Claypole's 
 Perry Co. Pa. specimens are 27-6, 7 (eight) 
 from W. of Newport, Chemung- Catskill 
 
 V.X. Sl3. 
 
 ---V. 
 
 
 wm 
 
307 Leio. 
 
 heds ; 51-3, 6, 8, from Kingsmill heds^ ditto. ; 57-45, 46, 48, 
 from Jenkins farm, 5 m. W. of N. Bloomfield, ditto.; 132-1, 
 from Hartzlein's, S. of mouth of Locks run, Wheatfield, Perry- 
 Co., Chemung, — In Columbia Co., near Bloomsburg, specs. 68-3 
 to 8, and 21 ; 80-1, 2, 7, 16 ; 92-2. It is abundant in bed 9 of 
 Sect. 12, and beds 30, 40, 41 of Sect. 13, at Rupert (G7, 69) ; at 
 Stony Brook, in bed 37 of Sect. 63 (G7, 197) ; on Fishing creek, 
 bed 30 (G7, 216, 227); at Catawissa, bed 98 (G7, 240); W. 
 Shamokin township, North. Co. (p. 350, 356) ; Jackson t. (p. 365, 
 Upper Chemung) ; L. Mah. t. (p. 367, 286, 287 Chemung) , at 
 Danville (p. 308) ; in Mifflin t., Col. Co., within 200' of bottom 
 of Chemung (p. 70). — In Centre Co. Ewing finds it in the Che- 
 mung, — In N. W. Penn., Crawford and Erie Cos., it is scattered 
 through the Venango lower shales, between the 2d and 3rd Oil 
 sands (Q4, p. 104) ; and in Ohio, Dr. Newberry finds it with 
 Spirifera disjuncta^ Spirifera alta^ and Orthis typa^ in the 
 thinned '' Erie shale." (I, p. 77.)— VIII g-IX, 
 
 Lieiorhynchus multicostatum. See Appendix. 
 
 Leiorhynehus newberryi, with many other forms, in 
 Lothrop's Srd Oil Sand quarry, Erie Co., Pa. (G4, p. 298). 
 Becomes abundant from the nonfossiliferous bottom beds of 
 the 325' Chemung mass, upwards, to the top (p. 128.) — VIII g. 
 — See Appendix. 
 
 Leiorhynehus quadricostatus, Van. Found in Perry Co., 
 Pa. (Claypole's Cedar run, W. Center, spec. 251,) in Salina 
 shale. — In Bedford Co. in beds 19 and 38 of Saxton section, 
 1200' and 1500' below lower Chemung Conglomerate (2500' 
 and 2800' beneath top of Chemung), T2, 80, 230. — Poitage shale. 
 — In Luzerne Co., Wappallopen section, bed 41, Chemung, 
 occurs a Leiorhynehus which may be this. (G7, 197.)— VIII f.^ g. 
 — See Appendix. 
 
 Leiorhynehus ? In Bedford Co. prevails throughout 
 
 the Hamilton sandstone, especially in bed 58 of Saxton section. 
 (T2, 82, 83, 232)— VIII c. 
 
 Leiorhynehus ? Probably a new species. Spec. 850-15, 
 
 00, p. 236, Sherwood's collection at Lawrenceville, Tioga Co.y 
 Pa., from Chemtung, VIII g. 
 
Lepa. 
 
 308 
 
 Lepadocrinus gebhardi. ( Lepocrinites gebhardi. ) Van- 
 vf| uxem, page 117, fig. 25, 4. Hall, plate fig. [27, 4.] 
 Lower Helderberg formation. (Stems; one 
 coated with calcite; the other ringed.) — In 
 Perry Co., Pa., collected by Olaypole at Clark's 
 Mills (Spec. S-6). — F/. Vannxem remarks that 
 both figures are of the lower part of the fossil ; 
 one perfect but showing nothing within ; the 
 other showing how the inside is made up of a 
 Vx^^35 .-4. pile of plates or discs. The upper end is drawn 
 in, like the end of a Echinus spine^ and was evidently movable 
 upon the singular fossil of which it was a part. 
 
 Lepadocystites ? VL See Appendix. 
 
 Leperditia alta. {Cytherina alta,) Hall, page 142, fig. 
 58, 6. Yanuxem, page 112, fig. 23, 6. Rogers, 
 page 824, no figure. Lower Helderherg formation. 
 (Conrad, 1843.) — Claypole found it almost the 
 only fossil in Salinared shale ( Fo.) ; very abund- 
 ant in the top layers of the variegated shales, over 
 the Salina red shale ; unusually large and the only abundant 
 fossil form in the Waterlime division of Lower Relderherg. 
 Preface to Keport F2, on Perry Co., Pa. Specimens from 
 Landisburg, Tyrone t. (183-1, four) ; and from near New 
 Bloomfield (X 4) both in Salina. In Lycoming Co., Jersey 
 Shore, H. D. R. reports it ( Cytherina) from Salina^ (Geol. Pa. 
 p^ 536.) — In Pike Co., Pa., in Waterlime (Decker ferry lime- 
 stone, Z. Held, Storm ville limestone) G6, p. 134, 137, very 
 abundant, their seed-like shells covering entire surfaces of 
 Waterlime bed. No. 6 De Witt's section, Monroe Co. (p. 222.)— 
 In the Montour district, throughout Lower Helderherg^ at the 
 quarries (G7, 89, 95, 98, 101, 247, 260.)— Its presence in abund- 
 ance, and absence of corals, distinguish the Waterlime horizon 
 in middle Pa. It and the little Beyrichia seminalis occupy 
 the ground (T, 41.) — In Bedford Co! it marks the Tentaculite 
 limestone of New York (T2, 88, 89) middle of Lower Eelder- 
 lei'g ; and occurs in many of the bottom drab shales and thin 
 bottom limestone layers of Lower Helderlerg (pp. 137, 140, 
 144, 148, 155, 196.)— F/. 
 
 Leperditia argenta. Walcott. Paradoxides zone^ M, C, 
 (Dec, 1888.) 
 
309 
 
 Lepe. 
 
 (h) Leperditia Okeni. 
 
 XI. 
 
 T.eaia Leitlif. 
 
 Leperditia carbonaria. ( Cythere ( Cytherina) oarlonaria^ 
 XL"'" ^ '"" -^ :V "'T' Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 
 
 4,1856.) Whitfield, Bull. 3, 
 
 ™__ ^^' ^^^' ^^^' ^^^^5 ^^^^' 
 
 InTT^iZ%i^^^ ^'^m^S^W p. 94, pi. 9, figs. 24 to 27 in 
 Collett's Indiana Rt. 1882, page 375, plate 32, figs. 24, 25, 26, 
 27, greatly enlarged ; exceedingly small, compare McCoy's 
 Cytherina pusilla. At Spergen Hill, (fee. Ind. Sub-carbon- 
 iferous ( Warsaw limestone) formation. XL 
 
 Leperditia faba. F5. See Appendix, 
 Leperditia fabulites. Ill I. See Appendix, 
 Leperditia okeni, (785), with a Cythere (78a), a Bey- 
 
 richia (78(?), an 
 Estheria (786?), 
 and Leaia leidii 
 (78e), on page 
 256 of Dawson's 
 Acadian Geol- 
 ogy, 1868. All 
 these little ento- 
 mostracan shells 
 are found in 
 great abund- 
 ance, with fish 
 scales, fish dung, 
 coal plants, and small reptiles, in the fossil coal forest of 
 Lower Carboniferous age in Nova Scotia. Similar shells occur 
 in all the coal areas of the United States. — XL 
 
 Leperditia ovata. Rogers, Geology of Pennsylvania, Yol- 
 Va.^gp^ ume Second, 1885, page 834, fig. 697. Black river 
 ^ ^P^ formation. (Jones, Annals and Magazine of Nat- 
 ray^^Z::^ ^^^^ History [3] Vol. I, 1858.) LIh. 
 
 Leperditia punctulifera. See Appendix, 
 Leperditia solvensis. English. See L. troyensis. M. C, 
 Leperditia troyensis (Ford, = ? solvensis, of Jones, Ann. 
 ^^^ and Mag. N. H., [2] XVII. Feb. 1856, p. 95, from 
 the Welsh Menevian rocks) Walcott, Bulletin 
 U. S. G. S. No. 30, page 146, plate 16, fig. 5, 
 sketch of type specimen, enlarged three times^ 
 
Lepe. 
 
 310 
 
 as drawn by S. W. Ford, Amer. Jour. S. 1873, p. 138. Note. 
 The only specimen found near Troy. Z. G, 
 
 Leperditia {Cytherina) is occasionally found in Trenton 
 beds (C. E. Hall, in T3, 367.)— It is found in Trenton upper 
 beds, which are excessively fossiliferous in places in Centre 
 county, (Ewing, T4, 423, 424.)— H. D. Eogers says that it is 
 found in the limestones below the Trenton and disappears 
 upward in the Trenton. (T, 55; Geol. Pa.)— //&, c. 
 
 Lepetopsis levettei {Patella levettei. White,— Whitfield 
 
 Bull. 3, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1882,) Collett's Indiana Keport of 
 1882, plate 31, fig. 8, side view of doubtful specimen, young, 
 enlarged four times; 9, top view of large specimen ; 10, same 
 with shell removed to show muscular scar; 11, another speci- 
 men; 12 profiles of 10 and 11.— Spergen Hill, XI. 
 
 Lepidechinus, Hall. Specimen in Carll and KundalPs col- 
 lections? VIIL 
 
 Lepidocystis buUatus, Lesq. L. fraxiniformis, Goepp. 
 Li. vesicularis, Lesq. in Lacoe collection at Pittston, from Sub- 
 conglomerate shales (G7, p. 40). Coal Flora, p. 457, plate 69, 
 
 fig. 18 to 24.— X/. 
 Lepidesthes colletti. White, (1878, Proc. Acad. Nat. S. 
 
 Phil. p. 33; 1880, Am. Rt. U. S. G. 
 Sur. Ter. for 1878, Part 1, page 163, 
 plate 40, fig. 2.) Oollett's Indiana 
 Report of 1881, page 362, plate 41, fig. 
 2, type specimen ; fig. 3, diagram of 
 one of the ambulacral plates which 
 form the head of this stone-lily coral. 
 Only two examples, both crushed. 
 The genus contains only two species, 
 this one and Z. coreyi^ Meek and 
 Worthen. Keohuk limestone.^ Wash- 
 ^. ,, ington Co., Indiana. XL 
 
311 Lepi. 
 
 Lepidodendron. Tree-like fern stems, often of great size, 
 100 feet or more in length, bearing leaves on the young branches 
 or shoots. At Ashland, in the western middle anthracite field, 
 there was formerly a famous exposure of sandstone, not far 
 above the Conglomerate, where scores of these trees of great 
 length could be seen lying diagonally across each other as if a 
 forest had been blown down. The roof of the old Olarkson 
 coal bed at Carbondale in Lackawanna Co., Pa. is almost en- 
 tirely covered with impressions of trunks, some 70 feet long 
 and 2 feet wide, which do not taper at all at the upper end and 
 therefore must have been much longer. A forest of them is 
 preserved in sandstone at the Falls of the Little Beaver river 
 in Western Pennsylvania. A few logs evidently drifted, were 
 seen by Claypole in the Pocono sandstone iV^. X, in Perry Co. 
 Pa. Lesquereux (in Geol. Pa., 1858, page 873) remarks the 
 astonishing perfection of the fossil scars, many specimens in 
 the magnificent old collection of W. Clarkson in Carbondale, 
 and of Mr. Moore in Greensburg, being as distinct as though 
 they had been carved in the stone by a good engraver. 
 
 These tree fern forests, with their stems {Lepidodendron) 
 leaves {Lepidophyllum^) and their cones or fruit {Lepidostro- 
 bus) began to exist at the opening of the Upper Devonian age ; 
 abounded in the Lower or Sub-carboniferous ages ; and died 
 out in the Barren measure times. Commencing below and 
 going up in the formations, we have them mixed with early 
 Calamites, or reeds, in the top Chemung- Catshill shales, as in 
 Smith's valley and Clear ridge, Huntingdon Co.. Pa. (T3, 102). 
 — Then, in the abortive coal age of the Pocono^ as in Claypole's 
 stem specimen (221-1) from Mt. Patrick, Buffalo, Perry Co., 
 (and another large cast, not numbered in the collection,) show- 
 ing drifted logs (only a few found, but doubtless multitudes in 
 all ;) as in the upper layers of the 730' beneath the Shoups run 
 red shale, Huntingdon Co., and the PR. tunnel through Side- 
 ling hill (T3, 88) ; and in the A, B, C, D, and E, divisions of 
 Randall's section at Warren, Pa. — Then, in the Pocono sand- 
 stone under the Conglomerate, XII, in the Venango oil region 
 hill tops, around Pleasantville, etc., from which Carll collected 
 his specimens (0) 2790, 2798, 2804, 2928, 2938, 3072.— Then, in 
 the Conglomerate itself, as in the roof-shale of the Sharon coal 
 in Mercer Co. (Q3, 53, 123, 126, 160), and in the lowest coal 
 
Lepi. 
 
 312 
 
 (Kidney bed) of the Blossburg coal field in Tioga Co. Pa. 
 which is probably the equivalent of the Sharon coal, and of 
 the famous Lykens Valley anthracite bed of Dauphin Co. (G5, 
 52). —Then in the middle of the E. Broad Top Conglomerate (T3, 
 71)._Then under the Tionesta sandstone at Eckert's bridge, 
 Lawrence Co. (Q2, 85).— Then, in the first and second coal 
 beds above the Conglomerate at the old Barnet mine, Broad 
 Top, etc. (T3, 61, 315) ; and its leaves occasionally in the 30' 
 of dark shale under the Bolivar clay in Westmoreland Co. 
 (K3, 161).— Then, in the Kittanning (Darlington) bed at Can- 
 nelton, (Q, 234).— In Freeport upper sandstone (Q2, 132). In 
 Mahoning sandstone^ as above stated. See Keports I, p. 36, 38, 
 53,54,64; III, 37, at Meadville ; ITII, 306, at Warren, KandalPs 
 sect. R. 25, and E. 27.— VIII g up to XIV, 
 Lepidodendron aculeatum. Stern. {Sagenaria aculeata,, 
 
 ^^ ^ Presl. in Sternsberg's Flora der Vor- 
 
 !XW r?^-to Jn rr » t »'^'*^^''-'4yio< ^elt; Sagenaria cordata^^ Sternberg ; 
 
 lep. undulatum^ Sternberg ; Aspi- 
 
 diaria undulata^ Sternberg; lep. 
 
 appendiciilatum, Sternberg ; lep, 
 
 ingens,, Wood. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, 
 
 Phil. June, 1860, plate 6, fig. 4; 
 
 Z^/;. Lesquereuxii,, Wood, plate 5, 
 
 fig. 4 ; lep, ureum ? 
 
 Wood, Trans. Amer. 
 
 Phil. Soc. Philada. 
 
 Vol. 13, plate 9, fig. 
 
 5 ; — all these are 
 
 identical with lep. 
 
 aeuleatumaccording 
 
 to Lesquereux, Coal 
 
 Flora,page 371 ,plate 
 
 64, fig. 1 ; see Geol. 
 
 Pa., 1858, page 874.) 
 
 Collett's Indian a Rt. 
 
 1883, p. 80, plate 17, 
 
 fig. 6. — Lesquereux, 
 
 Geol. Pa., 1857, Vol. 
 
 2, p. 874, plate 16, 
 
 fig. 4. A variable 
 
 'f. ZepiAa^^^roTvoGiilcuiah.Zeai species common in 
 
 '8S8 
 
313- 
 
 Lepi. 
 
 the low anthracite beds at Minersville, Lehigh Summit mine, 
 and Carbondale, Pa. — Occurs in the Rhode Island coal meas- 
 ures ; and at Mazon Creek, 111. — XIII, 
 
 lepidodendron appendiculatum,, Europe. See Liepidoden- 
 dron aculeatum. XIII 
 
 lepidodendron aurioulatum^ found with Lepidodendron 
 acuminatum. XIII 
 Lepidodendron brittsii. (Lesquereux, Pa. Geo. Sur. Rt. 
 
 P. Goal Flora, page 368, plate 63, 
 ^^:r^\f^W^i figs. 1, 2.) GoUett's Indiana Re- 
 "^ '^P^y port, 1882, page 80, who groups 
 *^ it withZ. rimosum^ Z. worthenii^ 
 and the European Z. volkmannianum^ as confined to the Suh- 
 carloniferous ; his plate 17, fig. 4, 4 a, gives the form of its 
 scars. — Conglomerate or Sub- conglomerate formation. See I. 
 G. White's Report Q3, Q4, for its occurrences in N. W. Penn- 
 sylvania. XII — The Sharon coal bed between the middle and 
 lower divisions of the Gonglomerate has roofshales which are 
 often quite rich in fossil plants ; for example at the Snyder 
 Goal Go's shaft in Mercer Co. Here the 35 feet of shales are 
 crowded with them ; and of several species of Lepidodendra. 
 Other excellent localities are the Morris Go's shafts ; and Oak- 
 land mine No. 1. — Lesquereux says that lep, brittsii^ found in 
 the Glinton coalbed of Missouri, is typically allied to lep.volk- 
 m.a7inianum ; and in Pennsylvania this last is abundant in the 
 sub conglomerate shales. 
 
 Lepidodendron carinatum. Lesq. Geol. Penn. 1858, 
 
 page 875, plate 15, fig. 
 4 ; scars sharp at both 
 ends and keeled; found 
 in the low anthracite 
 coal beds at Garbon- 
 dale, Lackawanna Go., 
 Pa. — Goal Flora, P. 
 1880, page 386. There 
 was at that time a 
 specimen of this species 
 in the cabinet of Prof. 
 Hildreth, at Marietta, 
 Ohio, but without a 
 f/S\ label.— XZZZ 
 
Lepi. 
 
 814 
 
 Lepidodendron chemungense. ( Sigillaria chemungensis.) 
 
 Hall paire 275, fig. 127, 2 Kogers, 
 I)age 829, fig. 677 Chemung for- 
 mation. ( Rogers' figure is drawn 
 half natural 5^^e.)— Rogers men- 
 tions also leaves of Zepidoden- 
 dronf in the Maroellus shale^ 
 Geol. Pa., page 826. — Claypole's 
 specimen (28-4) from Penn's 
 ridge between Newport and Mil- 
 lerstown, may be this species. — 
 Also, Spec. 874-1 (2^ in. wide. 
 8 in. long, structure obscure), 874- 
 2 (showing structure fairly well) 
 in L. E. Hicks' collections on R. 
 R. near Big Shanty, McKean Co. 
 Pa., (00, p. 237), species doubt- 
 ful, but in Chemung strata^ — 
 VIII b^nd Ylllg.— 
 
 Lesquereux says (Coal Flora, 
 p. 374, foot note) that this spe- 
 cies with many others (of which 
 he only quotes the more impor- 
 tant) had been referred to Z. 
 veltheimeanum^ which is mostly 
 found in the Subconglomerate 
 measures. On p. 396 he describes 
 HalPs specimen as a young 
 branch with the bolsters only 
 distinct, tnought by Schimper 
 (Pal. Veget.) to probably belong 
 
315 
 
 Lepi 
 
 to Z. sternhergii. — As for the small specimen ligured by H. D. 
 Rogers, Geology of Penn. 1858, p. 829, fig. 677, Lesquereux sees 
 no reason for not referring it to Lepidodendron chemungense. 
 Rogers says that it, with several fiicoids, chiefly characterizes 
 his Vergent flags {Portage^ Vilify) and being a confessedly 
 terrestrial plant, is interesting as forming one of a series of 
 steps through which we trace the gradual advent of that re- 
 markable flora which flourished in such exuberance in the later 
 Carboniferous or Coal period. 
 
 Lepidodend/ron cheilaleu7n. See L. distans. XIII. 
 
 Lepidodendron clypeatum. Lesq. Geol. Pa., 1858, Vol. 
 
 2, p. 875, plate 15, f. 5, showing the surface of the bark, and 
 plate 16, fig. 7, showing the barked surface of the wood under- 
 neath. Common in the low anthracite coal beds at Carbon- 
 dale, Pa. — See three other figures 16, 17, 18, on plate 64, of 
 Coal Flora. P, 1880; page 380; Schimper makes it identical 
 with lepidophloios irregularis^ Lesq. and Lepidodendron les- 
 quereuxii (Andrews, Geol. Ohio, Pal. Vol. 2, pi. 53, f. 3); and 
 Lesquereux does not object; but objects to its being a variety 
 of Lep, olovatum^ or any European tree fern. It is common in 
 the Sub-conglomerate coal measures of Alabama ; and in the 
 Coal measures of Illinois. — XIII, 
 
Lepi. 
 
 316 
 
 Lepidodendron conicum ? Lesq. Geol. Pa., 1858, page 
 
 874, plate 15, fig. 3. Many specimens at Oarbondaie; but 
 although well marked and distinct, they may possibly repre- 
 sent barked stems. In his Coal Flora, Report P, 1880, page 
 385, Lesquereux makes it identical with Z. modulatum ; with 
 Z. megiston^ of Wood (Proc. Am. Phil. 8. Phila., 1860, pi. 5, f. 
 3); 2iVL^^\\h L, politiim (Lesq. Geol. Sar. Kentuck\r, Vol. 3, 
 pi. 7,f. 1.)— XZ//. 
 
 Lepidodendron corrugatum. Daws. Geol. Caua<la,1873, 
 
 PI. 21. 
 
 p, 19, pi. 2 to 5, f. 33 to 36 and 38. Stigmaria minuta^ Lesq. 
 GeoL Pa., page 830, plate 21, fig. 2. The most common air 
 breathing iVants of the Pocono formation are slender stems 
 
317 
 
 Lepi. 
 
 with small leaf scars. The specimen figured was found in the 
 gap below Mauch Chunk. See Lesquereux's fig. 2, plate XVI, 
 in same book. These plants follow No. X, through middle 
 Penna. into Virginia. It is the Lepidodendron SGoUniforme of 
 Meek, Appendix Bull. Phil. Soc. Washington, 1875, p 13, pi. 1, 
 f. 1. Dawson's figs, show the variability of the form and size 
 of the scars. Lesqueraux's fig. above shows the Stigmarian 
 stem ^'constantly found with it." (Coal Flora, p. 378.) Hall 
 has specs, from VIII c^ org (Hamilton or Chemung) at Akron, 
 N. Y. (Dawson). More probably fromX (Pocono ; Waverly). 
 Specimens of various aspects, all assigned to this name, are 
 common in Mauch Chunk red shale at Mt. Carbon, Pa. and 
 Lewis Tunnel in Virginia (Meek).— Claypole's specimen (113- 
 2) from Foose's tunnel in Cove Mtn., Perry Co., Pa. — X 
 Lepidodendron diplotegioides. (Lesquereux, Coal Flora 
 
 of Penna. Geo. Sur. Eeport P, page 
 390, 397, plate 64, fig. 2; also Ar- 
 kansas Report, vol. 2, page 311, plate 
 4, f. 2 ; Illinois Report, vol. 2, page 
 452, plate 49, f. 2 ; Schimper's Pal. 
 Veg. Vol. 2, plate 60, f. 7.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana Rt. 1883, page 81, 
 plate 17, fig. 5. Only found as yet 
 in the Suhconglomerate coal of Arkansas. — XI, 
 Lepidodendron distans. (Lesquereux, Jour. Soc. Nat. 
 
 Hist. Boston, vol. 6, 
 
 ^^429; Geol.'penn: 
 
 1858,page 874, plate 
 
 16, fig. 5 ;Schimper, 
 
 Pal. Veg. vol. 2. — 
 
 Lep,oGulatum,'LeBq^, 
 
 j Geol. Pa. plate It), 
 
 fig. 4, — Lep, cheila- 
 
 leum^ Wood, Trans. 
 
 A. P. S. Phil. Vol. 
 
 13, plate 9, fig. 4.) 
 
 In CoUett's Indiana 
 
 Report, 1882, page 
 
 80, plate 17, fig. 7. 
 
 y/jVery large speci- 
 
 ' mens in Mr. Clark- 
 
Lepi. 
 
 318 
 
 son's cabinet from the Carbondale 
 anthracite heds. Lesq. — XIIL 
 
 See Coal Flora, 1880, page 387, 
 plote 64, fig. 10 ; the bolsters are 
 very regularly placed in the same 
 relative distance, equal to half their 
 width, in measuring it in their spiral 
 direction. This holds good in the 
 
 three figures of specimens representing different ages, Z. ocu- 
 
 latum^ Z. distans^ Z. cheilaleum., (L.) 
 
 Lepidodendron dubium. See Lep. rimosum. XIII. 
 
 Lepidodendron gaspianum. VIII See Appendix, 
 
 lepidodendron gigas. See L. veltheimianum. XIII 
 
 lepidodendron greeni ? See L. veltheimianum. XIII 
 
 lepidodendron ingens> See L. aculeatum.. XIII, 
 
 Lepidodendron lesquereuxii. L. aculeatum. XIII 
 
 Lepidodendron mamillatum. See L. veltheimianum. XIII 
 
 Lepidodendron mimitum. See L. corrugatum. X, 
 
 Lepidodendron modulatum. Lesq. Geol. Pa. II, 874, plate 
 
 15,fig. 1; a beau- 
 tiful species pre- 
 served in the 
 low anthracite 
 beds at Carbon- 
 fdale, Pa., some- 
 I what like Lep. 
 r u g o s u m. — 
 Same as Z. coni- 
 cum Lesq.; and 
 Z. mekiston of 
 Wood, Proc. A. 
 N.S.Phila.l860, 
 pi. 5, f. 3; and 
 L. politiimljQsq^, 
 Geol. Kentucky, 
 
 IK^K PI ,^voL 3, pL 7, f. 1. 
 Jb3Z>,, riJ^^SulGonglom^ 
 
 XLepi/I^dmdroTV 'inodidcaziTn'. L&sq. 
 
319 
 
 Lepi. 
 
 erate coals of Arkansas ; Mazon Creek, 111., etc. Coal Flora, p. 
 386, plate 64, figs. 13, U.—XI, XIIL 
 
 Lepidendron obovatum. Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 384, pi. 64, 
 fig. 3 ; detected by White at bottom of Powelton shales, roof of 
 Cook-Barnet Broad Top coal, Huntingdon Co., Pa., but only a 
 few at the Reed mine, and at McHugh's, among myriads of 
 Alethoptoris leaves, but in great numbers where the bed is cut 
 by the Ocean Mine Tunnel (T3, 62, 310, 313, 319)— XIII.— In 
 Fayette and Westmoreland Cos., Pa., huge stems are abundant 
 and clearly impressed on the Mahoning sandstone beds, as on 
 Cove run, in N. Union township. (KK, p. 75, 172.)— XZ/7- 
 XIV. — See Appendix. 
 
 Lepidodendron obtusum. Lesq. Geol. Pa., 1858, p. 8 75 
 
 6 . ZepidoderuJTOTV oTifzLszanZeJ^- 
 
 XJll 
 
 plate 16, f. b. from Carbondale, Pa. It is Wood's L. venustum., 
 Trans. A. P. Soc. Phil. Vol. 8, p. 347, plate 9, f. 1, and may be 
 compared with L. modulatunt. Low anthracite ieds. — XIII, 
 
 Lepidodendron ocidatum. See Lepidodendron distans. 
 XIII 
 
 Lepidodendron ornatissimum. See Ulodendron elonga- 
 tum. XIII 
 
Lepi. 
 
 320 
 
 liepidodendron primsevum. 
 
 H. 
 
 D. Eogf^rs, Geol. Pa. 
 1858, page 828, 
 fig.675.--Fi//6. 
 Genesee hlaok 
 shale formation 
 ill which are 
 found '' well de- 
 veloped speci- 
 mens of an air- 
 breathing plant, 
 a Lepidoden- 
 dron^'^ the figure 
 representing a 
 fragment o 1 a 
 fork e d stem, 
 ending in a 
 bunch of grass- 
 like leaves. 
 Specimens,pres- 
 sed flat, were 
 collected by the 
 First Geo. Sur- 
 vey from the 
 Genesee outcrop 
 at the junction of 
 Standing Stone 
 creek with the 
 Juniata river, at 
 Hun t i n g d o n , 
 Pa.; and in the 
 same shale lie 
 beautiful im- 
 pressions of a 
 delicate marine 
 or brackish wa- 
 ter shell, Gonia- 
 tites intevTujpt- 
 us ? an Orhicula^ 
 twoLin^ulw^and 
 an Atrypa. The 
 marsh on which 
 
321 
 
 Lepi. 
 
 this earliest tree fern grew must have been near by. Lesque- 
 reux found at the same place, Lepidodendron leaves of the 
 regular kind, long, straight, channeled and nerved. Coal Flora, 
 1880, page 376.---FZ/76. 
 
 Lepidodendron rimosum. (Sternberg; Eoehl; Lesquer- 
 
 eux, Geol. Pa. 1858, plate 8, fig. 1 ; 
 10, fig. 2 ; Schimper, II, plate 60. — 
 ^ Sagenaria rimosa^ Presl. — Lep, vi- 
 rtiosum. and Lep. dissiium^ Sauv. 
 Veg. Fos. Belgium; Lep, simplex^ 
 Lesq. Illinois Keport, Vol. 2, plate 
 45 ; Lep. duhium^ Wood, Trans. Am. 
 Phil. Soc. Phil., Vol. 13, plate 8, fig. 
 4.) CoUett's Indiana Rt. 1882, page 80, plate 17, fig. Z.— Above 
 Conglomerate at Pottsville, Pa. and in Illinois and Kentucky. 
 The rarity of Z. simplex and abundance of Z. rimosum in Europe, 
 contrasted with the rarity of Z. rimosum and abundance of Z. 
 simplex in the American coal measures, points to a specific 
 difference. Lesq. — XLLL 
 
 Lepidodendron rushvillense. See Appendix. 
 
 Lepidodendron scohiniiorme. See Li. corrugatum. X. 
 
 Lepidodendron sigillarioides. Lesq., Geol. Penna. 1858, 
 
 p. 87.5, plate 15, fig. 6.— Jfam- 
 moth anthracite hed^ Lehigh 
 Summit Mine. — Note. In 
 Coal Flora, 1880, P, page 379, 
 Lesquereux expresses the 
 opinion that this fragment of 
 harked wood may be referred 
 to Lepidodendron latifolium., 
 or to Lepidodendron vestitum. 
 —XLLL— In the Coal Flora 
 this species is made a syno- 
 nym of Lepidodendron vesti- 
 IBSSi. ^""^^^^^^^^M tum., v^hich is rare in the 
 
 6:LepiJ^dMndrd'w^^^^^ Ooal Measures. 
 
 sigiUarwtd&s .,Lc^q . PI, 'S- 
 
 Lepidodendrom sternbergii, Bgt. Detected by Lesquer- 
 eux at the base of XII in the Northern Anthracite Field, in 
 Lacoe's collections at Pittston. (G7, 37, 40)— XZ 
 21 
 
Lepi. 
 
 322 
 
 Lepidodendron simplex. See L. rimosum. XIII, 
 Lepidodendron undulatum, Europe. L. aculeatum. XIII 
 Lepidodendron ureum ? See L. aculeatum. XIII 
 Lepidodendron veltheimianum. Sternberg. Also see 
 
 Z gigocnteimv.Lesq 
 
 Roehl, Schimper, Stur, and Heer, all of whom give figures ; also 
 Lesquereux in Geol. Illinois, 2,455. { Lep. ,giganteum, Lesq. 
 Bost. N. H. S., also Geol. Pa. 1858, page 874, plate 15, fig. 2. 
 Lep, greenii ? Lesq. G. R. 111. IV, pi. 27, f. 7, 8. Lep, mamilla- 
 tum, Lesq. G. R. 111. IV, pi. 25, f. 1. Sagenaria veltheimiana, 
 Prest. in St. ; Goep., Koechl, all with figures. Sagenaria ellip- 
 tica, Goep. Sagenaria acuminata, Goep. Phytholithus can- 
 cellatus, Steinhauser, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila. Vol. 1, p. 
 280, plate-e, fig. 2 to 6.)— XIII.— Common in the low coals at 
 Oarbondale, without the lark^ as giganteum. Lesq. 1858— The 
 diversity of scars is due to the age and size of the trees and the 
 presence or absence of bark. In Lacoe's cabinet at Pittston 
 are fine examples of fragments with the bark preserved. Lesq. 
 Goal Flora, 1880, p. 374, plate 62, figs. 6 to 8. Its probable 
 leaves are given by Lesq. as Lycopodites aster ophyllitmfolius. 
 
323 
 
 Lepi. 
 
 LeuidocLendroTV 
 
 Geol. 111. II, pi. 37, f. 3.— Mostly in the Sulconglomerate coal 
 measures as in Mercer Co., 111. ; Alabama coal measures ; under 
 Campbeirs Ledge, Pittston, Pa. ; but also Seneca and Boston 
 anthracite beds at Pittston ; in Jackson coal shaft, Ohio, etc. — 
 In Lawrence and Crawford Cos. it is seen in all the exposures 
 of the Suholean (Shenango) sandstone (= Pocono SS. No. X) ; 
 and in Crawford Co., also in the overlying Shenango shales, 
 XI (Q3, 61, 124 ; Q4, 78, 79).— X, XI, XIII 
 
 lepidodendron venustum. See Lep. obtusum. XIIL 
 Lepidodendron vestitum. Lesq. Geol. Pa. 1858, page 
 
 874, plate 16, 
 fig. 3; a pecu- 
 liar, but well 
 marked spe- 
 cies, found in 
 the anthra- 
 cite r o o f - 
 shales at Wil- 
 kes-Barre, 
 Luzerne Co., 
 Pa. The mar- 
 gins of the 
 scars are 
 sometimes 
 flatten e d so 
 broad as to 
 partly cover 
 the scars, like 
 
 a frame of a picture, but were easily broken and fell off, leaving 
 the scars exposed. See also Coal Flora, 1880, p. 379, pi. 64, 
 fig. 16 ; scars like but larger than those of Z. scutatum (pi. 63, 
 f. ^-^c.) When barked it presents the look of L, sigillarioides. 
 — Kare. in the Archbald anthracite B & G veins, Wilkes- 
 Barre; also Mazon Creek nodules, 111. XIII 
 
 Lepidodendron ? Specimen 883-9, (GO, p. 238) in 
 
 Howeirs collections, Tioga Co., N. Y. Chemung, VIII g, 
 
 lepidolepis imbricata. See Knorria imbrieata. XIII 
 
 Lepidophloios laricinus, St. Coal Flora, p. 422, pi. 68, f. 
 1, Darlington Coal at Cannelton, Q, 55. XIII 
 
Lepi. 
 
 324 
 
 Lepidophloios ? Sharonvoot shales. Q, 3 p. 160. XIL 
 
 Lepidophloios macrolepidotus. Goldfuss, Flor. Sarraep. 
 
 5". .A 7. rSm^^^. 
 
 n IS. 
 
 Vol. 3, pi. 14; Schimper, Pal. Veg.; Lesquereux, Coal Flora, 
 page 424, plate 68, fig. 2.) CoUett's Indiana Report, 1883, 
 page 90, plate 18, fig. 5, a fragment found on Grape creek. 111. 
 Figs. 7, 8, fruit of Lepidophloios discussed by Gollett on page 
 S9,—XIIL 
 Lepidophyllum acuminatum. Lesq. (Namepre-occupied 
 
 by Gutbier, 1843, 
 A.O.Miller.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana Rt. 
 of 1883, page 69, 
 /^TB^^— --™^^^«^^«.£^ // plate 18, fig. 6, 
 
 9;$^!^^i: 
 
 
 
 ^:>i^i|!| :!;'|Sfe :iif %ifj; BjjCsa^^^M^^^^pB^ "1 
 
 ifn 
 
 r/. IB. 
 
 found with Lep. aurieulatus at St. John, 111. Geol. Pa.. 1858, 
 II p 875, pi. 17, f. 2; blade nearly an inch broad, 3 inches 
 long- resembles L. trinerve of LI. & Hutt. but has only two 
 nerves.— Lowest coal, Johnstown, Cambria Co. Fa..— XJII. 
 Lepidophyllum affine. Lesquereux, Geol. Pa., 1858, Vol. 
 
 2, page 875. plate 17, fig. 5 ; differs form 
 
 >, jj,„ ^i- L. lanceolatum by its blunt blade and long 
 
 1 ,o pointed sporange.— Very scarce ; but seen 
 ^ at New Philadelphia anthracite mine, 
 
 Schuylkill Co., Pa. XIIL 
 
325 
 
 Lepi 
 
 Lepidophyllum auriculatum. Oannelton, Q, 55. XIII. 
 
 Lepidophyllum brevifolium. Lesq. Geol. Pa., 1858, Vol. 
 
 y,„ ^1 2. p. 876, plate 17, fig. 6. Common in the low an- 
 
 /n. thracite coal at Wilkes Barre. Abundant in the 
 
 ^^w^ lowest coal led at Johnstown, Cambria Co., Pa. — 
 
 Jm} m XIX, 
 
 Lepidophyllum campbellianum, Lesq. Coal Flora, P, p. 
 786, pi. 107, %s. 6, 7, in the SubGonglomerate shale^ at Camp- 
 bell's ledge, Pittston, Luzerne Co., Pa., G7, 40. — XI 
 
 Lepidophyllum foliaceum. (now lepidostrolus foliaceus' 
 Lesq.) Geol. Eept. 111. Vol. 4, p. 444, pi. 31, f. 10. Coal Flora, 
 Pa., 1880, p. 445, pi. 69, fig. 8; found at places in 111. and (as 
 a sporange) in the Darlington coal,, Cannelton. — XIII 
 
 Lepidophyllum gracile. Coal Flora, P, p. 786, plate 107, 
 fig. 8 ; found in Subeonglomerate shale,, Pittston. — XI 
 
 Lepidophyllumi hastatum, Lesquereux, Geol. Pa., 1858, 
 
 '^Xiii. fy, P- ^'^^^ P^^^^ ^"^5 ^S- '^' Distinguished by 
 
 the spreading points of the base of the 
 
 blade. The specimen figured was found 
 
 by the Rev. Mr. Moore '^ near Greensburg," 
 
 Northumberland Co., Pa., possibly therefore in a coal bed of 
 
 the Barren Measures (Pittsburgh series.)— X/F.^ 
 
 Lepidophyllum lanceolatum. Brongt. (Ll.&B[utt.,Foss. 
 
 Flor. I, pi. 7, fig. 
 
 -/.7~ ^5 4.) Lesq. Geol. 
 
 ' Pa., 1858,p.875, 
 
 ^^ plate 17, fig. 1, 
 
 ~^ a beau tif ul 
 
 ip-| specimen be- 
 
 1 longing to Mr. 
 
 ; .J,. J Chambers of 
 
 I Carbondale, 
 
 : > ^ Lackawanna 
 
 } Co., Pa.— XIII. 
 
 I- Anthracite low- 
 
 < er coal beds. — 
 
 In Suhconglom- 
 
 erate ; Pittston. 
 
 G7, 40— ZZ 
 
 Les^: /gs$. 
 
 FL 17^ 
 
Lbfi. 
 
 326 
 
 Lepidophyllum mansfleldi. Coal Flora, P, p. 449, pi. 69. 
 
 fig. 34, found in Darlington coal^ Oannelton, Pa., Q, 55. — XIII. 
 
 Lepidophyllum obtusum. Lesq. Geol.Pa.,1858,p. 875,pl. 
 
 and more than 4 in. long, traversed lengthwise by a broad 
 swollen nerve. Broken pieces in the lowest coal at Johnstown, 
 Pa., suggest a length of seven or eight inches. — XIII 
 
 Lepidophylluin plicatum. Lesq. Geol. Pa. 1858, II, 876, 
 
 plate 17, fig. 4. Nerve disap- 
 pears at half the length of the 
 blade (which is curved) in this 
 unique specimen from the Oate 
 
 7LJ7 
 
 F^m Pottsville, Pa. XIII 
 Lepidophylluin proliferum, in Ferriferous limestone, 
 Lawrence Co. QQ, 47 ; Mercer Co. QQQ, p. "l^.—XIII 
 
 Lepidophyllum stantoni. Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 841 ; es- 
 sentially differs from Z. hastatum. Spec. 657, Lacoe's collec- 
 tion ; Stanton anthracite mine^ Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — XIII 
 
 Lepidophyllum undulatum. Found in the Darlington 
 coaL Cannelton, Beaver Co., Pa. Q, 55. — XIII 
 
 Lepidostrobus butleri. New species. Lesq., Coal Flora, 
 Additions, 1884, page 840. Closely resembles lep, variaiilis^ 
 LI. & Hutt. Lacoe's specimen No. 681 came Irom the Butler 
 anthracite colliery near Pittston, Luzerne Co. ; specimen No. 
 681^ from the neighboring Brown colliery. — XIII 
 
 Lepidostrobus hastatus. (Lesquereux, Coal Flora, page 
 
 438, plate 69, figs. 27, 28.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana Report of 1883, 
 page 82, plate 17, fig. 2, repre- 
 senting the conical fruit of 
 lepidodendron hastatum. The 
 separated blades of such a cone 
 appear as in figs. 9,10, 11. 
 \ — Coal Measures. XIII 
 See also Lesquereux, in 
 Geol. of Pa. 1858, Vol. 2, 
 
327 
 
 Lepi. 
 
 pages 456 and 876, plate 17, fig. 7; Schimper, Pal. Veg. Vol. 2, 
 p. 65; also Lindley & Hutton, Vol. 1, plates 10 and 11, Lep. 
 variabilis. — Lesquereux's figure is from Subconglomerate shales 
 (XI) under Campbell's ledge, in the Pittston gap, Luzerne Co., 
 Pa.— X/.— One is described from Mazon Creek, 111. — XIIL 
 
 Lepidostrobus latus. New species. Lesquereux, Coal 
 Flora, Additions, 1884, p. 841. Resembles both L. lanceolatus 
 Brgt. and Z. praelongus^ Lesq. but diflFers from both. No. 728 
 Lacoe's coll. from Olyphant anthracite mine. — XIII. 
 
 Lepidostrobus oblongifolius. Lesquereux, (Illinois Rt. 
 
 Vol. 4, plate 
 3 0. O o a 1 
 Flora, page 
 437, plate 69, 
 fig. 29.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana 
 Report o f 
 1883, page 83, 
 plate 16, fig. 
 8. Rarely 
 found in the 
 Mazon creek 
 
 Ih-icl. 
 
 T>| \£ nodules, 111. 
 '' One cross sec- 
 tion shows the blades curved into the top of the stone (or ker- 
 nal), showing thus shorter and blunter. Lesq. — XIII. 
 
 Lepidostrobus ornatus. Lindley & Hutton, (Fossil Flora, 
 
 Vol. 1, plate 
 26; Vol. 3, 
 plate 16 4; 
 Hooker, Mem. 
 Geol. Sur. Eng 
 land. Vol. 2, 
 1847, plates 7, 
 8 ; Lesquereux, 
 Geol. of Pa. 
 1858, p. 876; 
 Illinoi s S u r - 
 vey, Vol. 4, p. 
 448; Schimper, 
 
Lepi. 
 
 328 
 
 Pal. Ve^. Vol. 2, plate 62.) Oollett's Indiana Rt. 1883, page 
 83, plate 16, figs. 6, 7, showing seed cases (sporanges) which 
 when found separate have been sometimes mistaken for and 
 described as fruit {Garpolithes.) GoWeii.— Anthracite Goal 
 leds at Wilkesbarre, Pa. ; small fragments in the Mazon creek 
 nodules, 111.; best specimens yet found are from Kittannihg 
 Coal bed roof shales at Cannelton, Pa. Lesq. — XIIL 
 
 Lepidostrolus variabilis. See L. hastatus. XIII. 
 
 Lepidostrobus, in fragments, are found mixed with the 
 myriads of Alethopteris pennsylvanica leaves, which make up 
 most of the roof shale of the Cook led (bed B) at Powelton, 
 and McHugh's mines, Broad Top, T3, p. .61, ^%—XIII 
 
 Lepocrinites gehhardi. See Lepadocrinus gebhardi. VI 
 
 Leptoena alter nata. See Stroph. alternata. lie, I III. Va, 
 
 Lepteena concava. Hall, {Orthis concava^) Pal. N. Y. 
 Vol. 3, 1859. low. Held, limestone. Found by Dr. Barrett at 
 Port Jervis, on the Delaware river. G6, page ISi. —Stormville 
 limestone (Lower Helderberg) VI. — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptmna deltoidea. See Strophompna deltoidea. lie. 
 
 Leptcena depressa. See Strophomena depressa. F<^, V I. 
 
 Leptcena faseiata. See Strophomena fasciata. III. 
 
 Leptcena i^icrassata. See Strophomena incrassata. Ha. 
 
 Leptcena inter strialis. See Stroph. inter strialis. VIII g. 
 
 Leptcena patenta. See Strophomena patenta. V a. 
 
 Leptcena punctulifera. See Strophodonta punct. VI 
 
 Leptcena rugosa. See Strophomena rugosa. VI 
 
 Leptsena sericea. {Strophomena sericea.,) Rogers, GeoL 
 
 He — ^. ^ "'a-' 
 
 nioi,. 
 
 E:.I05. I- 
 
 Pa., 1858, page 818, fig. 599. 
 
 Emmons, page 394, fig. 105, 1. 
 
 Trenton formation, // g. 
 
 Rogers, page 820, Loraine 
 formation.— Also in Clinton formation. (Sowerby, in Mur- 
 chison'sSil. System, 1839.) Owen's figures from the Magnesian 
 limestone of the Red River of the North and Great Lake Win- 
 
329 Left. 
 
 nepeg, are added for comparison. 1852, pi. 2A, figs. 11, 12. — 
 // G. — Numerous in the lower beds of Trenton limestone at 
 Ohurchville quarry, Northampton Co., Pa. D3, p. 162. Lie 
 in colonies in the limestone slabs in the quarries on the Dela- 
 ware river at Howell's cotton mill, D3, p. 163. Very abundant 
 in some of the Trenton beds on the Little Juniata, T3, p. 367 ; 
 and in Centre Co. T4, page 424, in Trenton, and p. 427, in 
 Loraine shale. In Bedford Co., Cove Creek, in Upper Trenton 
 beds, T2, 164 ; and found by Stevenson in a block of soft red 
 sandstone, summit of road from Friend's Creek into Morrison's 
 Cove, Evitt's mountain, top of Lorame shale^ T2, 170. — Speci- 
 mens in Claypole's collections, 223-5 (nine specimens with 
 Discina^ Strophomena^ and Orthis testudmaria) S-19, X-24 
 (two.)— Specimens (00, p. 231) 203-8 B (one or two interiors, 
 excellent for figuring ; exteriors not so good ; and with a beauti- 
 ful Stictopora acuta^K) ; 203-46 ; both from Bellefonte, — 210-1 
 ( several ventral and dorsal valves, interior of ventral valve pretty 
 fair ; the dorsal valves form a very pretty slab ) ; 210-6 ( a mass of 
 mostly crushed shells) ; 210-11 (A.fair for drawing; B. interior 
 of ventral valve excellent) ; 210-30 (mostly poor interiors) ; 
 210-44 (very poor); 210-50 (small, numerous, poor) ; 210-61 a 
 (poor) ; 210-76 (exterior and interior, fair to good) ; 210-90 
 (both poor); 210-93 (mostly interiors and poor); 210-103 
 (large slab covered with specimens) ; 210-110 (mostly interiors 
 and ventral valves, some of them excellent) ; 210-111 (many 
 good interiors); 210-114 (mostly interiors of ventral valve, 
 fairly good); 210-116 (mostly interiors, fair) ; 270-119 (dorsal 
 valve and interior of ventral, not good); 210-123 (many in- 
 teriors, fair. The whole slab would make a good illustration). 
 210-126 (fair); 210-147 (two); 210-135 (two, fair) ; 210-141 
 (two) ; 210-146 5; 210-147.—//^, llll, Va. 
 
 Leptsena striata. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2, 1851, page 
 259, plate 53, fig. 7. (For figure see Strophomena striata^ Hall, 
 4th Dist. N. Y., 1843, p. 104, fig. 3.) Recognized by G. B. S. at 
 McKee's, Mifflin Co., Pa , in specimen 501-49, from roof shale 
 of Clinton fossil ore, Va, — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptaena transversalis. ( Strophomena transversalis. ) 
 ^ll^ ^^^ ^^^^' P^S® ^^"^' ^^' ^^' ^' ^^^^^^(^ formation, 
 ^^^r ^ ^IP ^ ^' (I^^^™^^? ^^'^^ Acad. Handlungen. 
 
 ^^ v. ^^^ Anticosti formation of Canada. — Y h. 
 
Left.. 330 
 
 Leptcena trilohata. See Strophomena trilobata. // g. 
 
 Leptaena ? abundant in the Orinoidal limestone of the 
 
 Pittsburgh series (Lower Barren Coal Measures). Stevenson 
 in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Philada. Vol. 15, page 26.— X/F. 
 
 Leptocoelia acutiplicata, {Atrypa acutipUcata^ Conrad, 
 Ann. Rt. N. Y., 1841, Upper Helderlerg.) Found by I. 0. 
 White, in the Selinsgrove lower limestone^ {Corniferous^ or 
 Marcellus) in Northumberland Co., Pa., G7, pp. 79 _, 80, 360- 
 See Claypole's 91-1; 223-5 (nine).— FZZ/«, h 
 
 Leptocoelia dichotoma (now Coelospira dichotoma.) See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Leptocoelia flabellites {Atrypa HabelUtes ^GonxdiA. A.n,^i. 
 N. Y., 1841, Oriskany,) Found by 1. 0. White, in Cooper town- 
 ship, Montour Co., Pa., G7, pp, 86, 297. Claypole's Catalogue, 
 Spec. 95-8. In Bedford Co., on Wills creek, bed 39 of the 
 Hyndman section (104' to 169' beneath the top of Oriskany) is 
 rich in it. Stevenson, T2, 104.— VIL 
 
 Leptocoelia hemispherica {Atrypa hemispherica.) Hall, 
 V 1843, page 72, fig. 17, 4. Clinton. (Sowerby, p. 829, in 
 
 Murchison's Silurian Researches, pi. XX, f. 7. — At 
 Matilda furnace fossil ore bank, Mifflin Co., Pa., in 
 ■ the Clinton roof shales. Hale & Hall got specimens 
 503-1-2-7. — At Patton's limestone ore bank, near HoUidays- 
 burg, Blair Co., Sanders got specimens 513-1, 513-8. — At Cam- 
 bria Iron Co.'s slope on Frankstown fossil ore iedj specimen 
 514-2 (?) — In the roof slate of the Frankstown bed, specimens 
 515-2 (?) and 515-3.— F«. 
 
 Leptocoelia imbricata, Hall, 10th Rt. 1857. Lower Held- 
 erSer^, crowded in a thin layer of limestone (150' beneath the 
 bottom of Oriskany sandstone) at Bedford station, followed 
 by Stephenson to Bedford, and well exposed under the African 
 church. T3, p. 149. — VL, — See Appendix, 
 
 Leptocoelia intermedia. See Appendix. 
 
 Leptocoelia ? in the shales enclosing the Clinton sili- 
 ceous fossil ore bed, 1^ miles beyond Yellow creek, Hopewell 
 township, Bedford Co., Pa., T2, p. 198. — Va. 
 
 Leptocoelia ? a rare form ; Specimens 810-1 and 810-4, 
 
 in Fellows' collections in Hogs-back ridge. Pike Co., Pa., from 
 Tipper Helderherg rocks^ Villa. 
 
331 
 
 Left. 
 
 Leptodesma acanthoptera; wrongly named Avicula acan- 
 thoptera on p. 67 above. (R. P. W.) 
 
 Leptodesma beckii. Hall. Specimens 238-1-4, Clay- 
 pole's Oat. from mouth of Raystown branch Juniata, Hunt. 
 Co., Pa., Cliemung^ Ylllg, — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptodesma demus; recognized by G. B S. in specimen 
 853-6, of Sherwood's collections at Tioga village, Tioga Co., 
 Pa., from Upper Chemung, Vlllg. — See Appendix, 
 
 Leptodesma galene, specimen 9502]of Randall's collections 
 at Warren, Upper Chemung, VIII, — See Appendix, 
 
 Leptodesma lamellatum. Recognized by G. B. Simpson 
 in Randall's Collections at Warren, Pa. Catalogue No. 9502 
 B. — See Appendix, 
 
 Leptodesma leiopteroides, Simpson. New Species, Trans. 
 
 Wll!^.\ 
 
 
 
 A. P. S, Phil. Dec. 21, 1888, page — pi. — fig. — founded on speci- 
 mens 9495, 9554, 9555, 9556, of Randall's Collections near War- 
 ren, Pa. (wrongly labeled Avicula.) — Chemung, Ylllg, — For 
 description see Appendix, 
 
 LeptQdesma lichas ? Hall, (Pal. N. Y., Vol. 4, pi. 91, fig. 
 19). Specimen 852-7, 00, p. 236, in Sherwood's collections 
 near Covington, Tioga county ; also 855-4 and 855-25 (Hall's 
 plate 21, figs. 35, 36,) from Sullivan township ; 858-16, one mile 
 north of Mansfield; and 860-42 (Hall's pi. 21, f. 37) from near 
 Mansfield ; all from Upper Chemung,, VIII g, — See Appendix, 
 
 Leptodesma mortoni. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 5, pi. 21, f. 
 29. Specimen 862-3, (00, p. 236) Ashburner & Fellows' col- 
 lections, 1876, near DeGolier, Tuna creek, McKean county, Pa. 
 Chemung, VIII g, — See Appendix. 
 
Left. 332 
 
 Leptodesma naviforme, recognized by G. B. Simpson, in 
 Specimen 850-18, in Sherwood's coll., at Lawrenceville, Tioga 
 county, Pa., from Chemung^ VIII g, — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptodesma phaon, recognized by G. B. Simpson, in 
 Specimen 850-18, in Sherwood's coll., at Lawrenceville, Tioga 
 county. Pa., from Chemung^ VIII g, — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptodesma parallela. (N. S. Simpson) Trans. A. P. S. 
 ^'?l.y*^^«8^?§«^ Phil. Dec. 1888, founded on specimen No. 9610 
 
 of Randall's collections, on the hill north of 
 Warren, Pa., and wrongly labeled Oypri- 
 A.RSiTr.i889. cavdia. — OhemMug.^ VIII g, 
 
 Leptodesmia potens. Hall. Specimen 59-9, Claypole's 
 catalogue, top of Pisgah hill. Perry Co., Pa. VIII 00, p. 
 237, specimeii 856-25, in Sherwood's coll. at Mixtown, Clymer 
 township, Tioga Co., Pa., from Chemung upper heds^ VIII g. 
 871-6, in Ashburner's coll. 1 m. N. of Salamanca, N. Y., from 
 strata below the Salamanca conglomerate.^ VIII g. — See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Leptodesma propinquum. Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, pt. 
 1, pi. 41, fig. 17,16. Specimens in cabinet: 858-6 (two); 
 858-7; Sherwood's collection at Mansfield, Tioga Co., Pa. 
 Upper Chemung.^ VIII g. — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptodesma protextum, recognized by G. B. Simpson in 
 
 specimens 855-39, of Sherwood's coll. at Sullivan town., Tioga 
 
 Co., Pa., and 9611 of Randall's collection at Warren, Pa, 
 
 (wrongly labeled Cypricardia) \ both from Upper Chemung^ 
 
 VIII g., or VIII-IX. — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptodesma robustum, recognized by G. B. Simpson in 
 specimen 809-6 (?) Hall & Fellows' coll. near Port Jervis, 
 Pike Co., Pa., from Hamilton strata^ VIII g ; and 853-5, in 
 Sherwood's coll. at Tioga village, Tioga Co., Pa., from Chemung 
 upper strata. VIII g.^ VIII-IX. — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptodesmia stephani, recognized by G. B. Simpson in 
 specimen 852-7, in Sherwood's coll. near Covington, Tioga 
 Co., Pa., from Chemung upper rochs^ VIII g. — See Appendix. 
 
 Leptodesma ? 850-19 : 853-5 (two, in fair con- 
 dition) ; 853-6 (several fragments not determinable) ; 855-32 
 (in fair condition); 855-39 d (margins broken); 856-25; 
 858-9 ; 858-16 (requires work to dig it out for determination) ; 
 
333 
 
 Left. 
 
 859-10 (very poor) ; 859-11 (three specimens of some as yet 
 unfigured species); 861-21 (large); all the above in Sher- 
 wood's collection from Bradford and Tioga counties. 864-1 
 (two specimens, different from any of HalPs figured species ?) 
 from the Lafayette and Big Shanty road, McKean Co. — Also 
 883-4 (impression) Koulette, Potter Co., Chemung^ VIII g. 
 
 Leptodesma ? not Avicula . Rogers, p. 829, f 
 
 678, as stated on page 162 above. (J. H.) 
 
 Leptomitus zitteli, Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 30, 
 
 page 89, 
 plate 2, fig. 
 'K type" 
 specimen ; 
 2a en~ 
 largemen t 
 of a portion 
 marked by 
 dotted 
 
 lines. In fine grained argillites of Parker's quarry, Georgia 
 township, Vt. Other fragments have been found. Resembles 
 a bundle of the long needles of Hyalonema (a genus of 
 sponges). The resemblance to Serpulites dissolutus (Billings) 
 in Trenton limestone^ is considered deceptive by Walcott, who 
 puts it in Lower Cambrian. See foot note to p, ISJf. above. 
 
 Lescuropteris adiantites. {Weuropteris adiantites. Les- 
 
 quereux. Jour. Soc. Nat. 
 Hist. Boston, Yol. 6, p. 
 419 ; Geol. Pa., plate 20, 
 fig. 1. Re-named, be- 
 cause distinctly related 
 to Lescuropteris moorii, 
 Schimper. Supposed to 
 have been found in clay 
 over Pittsburgh coal bed 
 at Irwin Station, Pa., 
 Coal Flora, page 163, 
 plate 26, figs. 4, ia.) 
 Collett's Ind. Rt. 1883, 
 page 57, plate 11, fig. 6. 
 Upper coal. Also South Salem vein, Pottsville, Pa. XK 
 
Lesc. 
 
 334 
 
 Lescuropteris moorii. Neuropteiis moori Lesq. Geol. Pa. 
 
33o 
 
 Lesl. 
 
 Lesleya microphylla. Lesq. Additions to Coal Flora, page 
 831, two leaves from Kansas in Lacoe's collections at Pittston, 
 Pa.— XZ//. 
 
 Libellula carbonaria. Seepage SS6, 
 
 Lichas boltoni, var. occidentalis, Hall. (For citations, 
 
 Vb. 
 
 see Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2, 1852, page 311.) From Oollett's Indiana re- 
 port of 1881, p. 344, plate 36, fig. 8, lower side of a large per- 
 fect tail ; fig. 9, upper side of smaller tail, split by pressure ; 
 fig. 10, lower side of smaller tail; fig. 11, hypostoma (chin- 
 piece) resembling those from the Niagara shale of New York ; 
 fig. 12, front extension of a head of some trilobite of ihe genus. 
 This species is known almost entirely from mostly imperfect tails, 
 which vary in the same locality. The animal reached a large 
 size, one fragment of body segment being found half an inch 
 wide. — Niagara. Vh. 
 
LiBE. 
 
 336 
 
 Libellula carbonaria. Scudder. Probably an arachnid 
 (spider family) and not a cockroach of the genus Anthracomar' 
 tus, Proc. Amer. Ass. A. S. Vol. 24, B., 1878, p. 110, f.l. Bull. 
 U. S. G. S. No. 31, 1886, p. 25. Zittel, p. 236. (R. D. L.) 
 
 Lichas boltoni. [PalynoUis — Paradoxides.) — Hall, plate 
 
 fig. [11 bis, 1]. Niagara formation, — (Bigsby, 18:^^6, Jour. 
 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Vol. IV.— Green's Monograph, p. 60. A 
 rare trilobite fHall). — Vh, 
 
337 
 
 LrcH 
 
 Lichas breviceps, Hall. (Trans. Alb. Inst., 1863; 28th Rt. 
 
 iND. IBS 
 
 Pi. 36. 
 
 St. Mus. 1879, etc.) Figures taken from Collett's Indiana Re- 
 port of 1881, p. 343, plate 34, fig. 1, upper surface of imperfect 
 head ; 1 a, enlargement of surface of glabella ; 2, profile of same 
 to show elevation of glabellar lobe ; 3 enlargement of the eye ; 
 4, imperfect body (thorax) and tail (pygidium) restored in out- 
 line ; 5, under surface of large imperfect tail, showing striae of en- 
 folded border; 7, central portion of large glabella. Surface of 
 animal, marked by pustules, and a few short hollow spines. 
 Resembles the Cincinnati (Hudson river) blue shale trilobite 
 Lichas {Platynotus) trentonensis^ but the head is shorter and 
 the tail broader and with straighter end border. — Niagara^ Vh, 
 
 Lichas grandis. See Terataspis grandis. — VI L 
 
 22 
 
LiCH. 
 
 338 
 
 liichas pustulosus. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1859, Lower 
 Helderlerg, Found by Dr. Barrett, at Port Jervis, on the 
 Delaware, 1. 0. White's Stormville limestone, G6, p. 134. — VL 
 See Appendix, 
 
 Lichenalia concentrica, Hall. (Pal. N. Y. VoL 2, 1852; 
 
339 
 
 LlCH. 
 
 28th An. Kt. Mus. N. Hist. 1879.) From Collett's Indiana Be- 
 port of 1881, p. 240, plate 4, figs. 9 to 17; plate 5, figs. 1 to 10; 
 plate 6, figs. 3 to 11 ; from which I have selected figures to 
 
 Vb. 
 
 
 \ "Sn-r^**"''*' ■/ 
 
 \, 
 
 .\ - . 
 
 
 
 
 -i.ilL^ 
 
 
 Pl.4,6. "''"^ 
 
 show the parasitic character of this bryozoon. (Plate 4, f. 9, a 
 small irregular specimen ; f. 10, another, the frond enrolled on 
 itself; f. 11, section of 10 showing the great increase of length 
 of cell in rolled part ; f. 12, cell surface of encrusting specimen, 
 showing tendency to tubular extensions and branches; f. 13 
 enlargement of cell structure of the last; f. 14 enlargement of 
 12, with some of the cell mouths angular; f. 15, another en- 
 Zar^emen?^ with large cells ; f. 16, four young Lichenalia and 
 the base of a Oornulites, growing on a Strophostylus eyclos- 
 tomus shell, covered below with another parasite (Faleschara)^ 
 f. 17, a young one on a Platy stoma niagarense shell. — Plate 5, 
 f. 1, 2, upper and lower surface of young Lichenalia ; f. 4 under 
 surface, irregular growth, concentric markings; f. 7 two young 
 ones on a Fenestella ; f. 8, lower surface of a small fragment, 
 through which show the lengthened cell structure; f. 9, ditto 
 showing concentric markings ; f. 10, ditto, showing radiating 
 grooves on its base, made by cells curving upward toward sur- 
 
LiCH. 
 
 340 
 
 face. Plate 6, f. 3, enlarged, young Lichenalia growing on an 
 Atrypa shell ; f. 4, 5, 7, 8, enlarged, specimens growing on Fen- 
 estella ; f. 6, enlarged four times, a group of two young Lichen- 
 alia, and a young Favosites, on a Strophostylus shell; f. 9, 10, 
 enlarged, lower surfaces ; f. 11, enlarged, cross-section, showing 
 depth of cells and thickness of skin in old individuals. 
 Lichenalia concentrica, var. maeulata, from Oollett's 
 
 Indiana Keport of 1881 p. 241, plate 5, 
 fig. 5, a small irregular specimen, with 
 unusually distinct maculae upon the 
 celluliferous surface. (Hall, 28th Kt. 
 pi. 6, figs. 3,5, 6.)— F 5. 
 Lichenalia concentrica, var maeulata, Hall Page 
 241. Upper or celluliferous surface of a regularly growing 
 specimen of medium size, showing tubercles with maculae of 
 larger cells. The cells are represented much larger than they 
 really are on the specimen. 
 Lichenalia concentrica var. parvula (Hall Doc. Ed. 28th 
 
 Rt. State Museum, 
 N. Y. 1876, pi. 7, f. 
 12; Mus. Ed. 1879, 
 p. 147.) Figures 
 from Collett's Indi- 
 ana Report of 1881, 
 p. 241, plate 6, fig. 
 PL. 6. 1, a fragment grow- 
 ing on a Strophostylus shell ; fig. 2, enlargement of a portion, 
 showing the cells much smaller and more distinctly circular 
 than in the ordinary form of the species.— iWa^am, VI. * 
 
 Lichenalia concentrica. It is probably the under sur- 
 face of this bryozoan which is figured on page 153, and erro- 
 neously named Crania corrugata. (R. P. Whitfield.) 
 
 Lichenalia? (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, genus in 
 Trenton and Hud. river.) Found in the Millertown Clinton 
 fossil ore bed, Perry Co., Pa. Claypole's specimen 46-5 ; and 
 at 1 m. N. of Dilville, Perry Co., in Chemung. Spec. 109-9 
 (perhaps wrongly labeled and placed)— Fr^; VIII g.— See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Lima glaher. See Pernopecten glaber, VIII g. 
 
 :;^ ^- *. *. -^ * 'fr* *■• «' "J\^ 
 *^i5 '^ f> Q '''' C ^'^ ffi «> <" e ©^ 
 
341 
 
 Lima. 
 
 Lima retifera. 
 
 Lima obsoleia. See Pernopecten obsoleta^ VIII g. 
 Lima rugcestriata. See Aviculopecteu rugaestriata, 
 Vlllg, 
 
 (Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. 
 Vol. 1, 1858.) Oollett's Indiana Ke- 
 port of 1883, page 188, plate 28, fig. 
 4, a natural cast of both valves, nat- 
 ural size ; a somewhat rare Coal 
 Measure shell, of rather wide geo- 
 graphical range. — KK, p. 276, Pitts- 
 hurgh series (Barren Coal Measures) 
 FI. 28. 440' below Pittsburgh coal bed. — L, 
 35, in Orinoidal limestone 250' ± below Pitt. C. Fayette Co., 
 Pa. — KKK, p. 310, in bed No. 23 of Coal Measure section, Ste 
 venson. — XI V. 
 
 (Rominger, Fossil Corals of the Niagara 
 formation, 1876.) A. Winchell's Geol. 
 Studies, 1886, page 223, fig. 155, 156.— 
 Niagara formation^ Vh, 
 
 18&^. 
 
 Limaria crassa. 
 
 -^IG. 155. 
 Limaria crassa, Rom. > 
 
 Limoptera macroptera. {Lima macroptera^ Conrad, An. 
 Rt., N. Y., 1838, Hamilton) found by Claypole at Junkin's farm, 
 5 m. S. of New Bloomfield, Perry Co., Pa. Specimen 57-51 
 (five examples) in Chemung- CatsMllpassageheds^ VIII-IX, — 
 See Appendix. 
 
 Limulurus, in shale partings in Clinton fossil ore hed at 
 Wolfsburg, Bedford Co., Pa. Stevenson, T2, p. 144.— V a. 
 
 Lingulas and OrMoulas in colony. See Owens' figure un- 
 der Orbicula. 
 Lingula acuminata. (Conrad ; An. Rt., New York, 1839, 
 
 Potsdam and Calciferous,) Emmons, 
 Amer. Geol. 1855, Vol. 1, part 2, p. 203, 
 plate 4, fig. 4 ; showing three of these long 
 pointed shells, as they lay buried in the 
 sand. — Calciferous sandstone^ II a. 
 
 t•m7^JyMS5. 
 
 ■P(.4 
 
Ling. 
 
 342 
 
 3Et.3a» 
 
 Lingula acutirostra, Hall. Eeport on Fourth District of 
 V. A^ New York, 1843, page 76, fig. 18, 9; a shell of the 
 Clinton formation^ readily distinguishable from all 
 other New York lingular ^ by its acute point ; surface 
 H-l?^^ 9 marked by a single series of rather course striae ; larger 
 X\\c\\\ L acuminata^ and striae stronger. — Y a. 
 
 Ling-ula aequalis, Hall. (Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, 1847, Tren- 
 ^ ton.) Emmons, Amer. Geol. Vol. 1, part 2, 1855, 
 p. 203, plate 8, figs. 3<^, 35, closely resembling Lin- 
 gida riciniformis. — Trenton formation^ II c. 
 Em.A-t% . nS 
 
 Lingula ampla, Owen. Geol. Wis., Iowa and Minnesota, 
 
 1852, plate IB, fig. 5, 
 12; from the Lingula 
 grits^ upper Missis- 
 sippi river near Moun- 
 tain island, supposed 
 to be the western ex- 
 tension of the Pots- 
 dam sandstone — /. 
 
 Lingula antiqua, with L, prima^ Owen. GeoL W., I. and 
 
 ,^2^^ Minn. 1852, pi. 1 B, f. 2, 7, 10, from the 
 St Croix (Potsdam) sandstone at the 
 falls of the St. Croix river ; specimens 
 usually much larger than those of the 
 New York Potsdam. — Emmons, page 
 268,fig. 68. Po^56?am formation. (Rog- 
 ers, pp. 815, 816, says that it somewhat 
 resembles Z. curta^ ^^o.) — /. 
 Lingula centrilineata, Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, Low, 
 Held, Olaypole's list (doubtful), VI — See Appendix, 
 
343 
 
 Lma. 
 
 Lingula clintoni. See Lingula oblong a, — V a. 
 Lingula concentrica, Vanuxen, page 168, figs. 42, 4. Hall, 
 VffI e jim^^ pag^ 223, fig. 94? 4, Genesee formation, 
 
 (Kogers, finds in the Genesee two species 
 of Lingula, with Ooniatites interruptus ; 
 ^^^ Geol. Pa., 829.— Conrad, 1839).— Vllle, 
 
 H^\ 
 
 Lingula crassa, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, Trenton. 
 dc^Asa, .^. A'— Emmons, Amer. GeoL Vol. 1, pt. 2, 1855, 
 I'P'-^' p. 203, plate 8, figs. 8 a, 5, c, d; Shell 
 4 thick, etc.; but the marked difference of 
 .%»At'- - M -^^ '- ^- breadth of the upper and lower scales is a 
 rather common feature of many other species. Trenton lime- 
 stone formation, to which it is confined. — II c. 
 
 Lingula cuneata, Conrad. Hall, page 48, figs. 6, 5; page 52, 
 
 IV 
 
 fig. 30. (Rogers, Geol. Pa., 1858, Yol. 2, page 822, no figure. 
 Conrad, page 64) showing specimens with tails of sand formed 
 by the current. — Medina^ IV. 
 
 Lingula curta. Rogers, 1858, pages 818, 820, 821, fig. 604. 
 
 J.- Trenton formation. (Conrad, Journal Acad. Nat. 
 
 "'IP^^I^ Sci., Philadelphia, 1842). Occasionally found in 
 
 R^^^ft some of the Trenton beds of the Nittany valley. 
 
 6Q4rW^ (C. E. Hall and Ewing, T4. p. 424.)— //c. 
 
Ling. 344 
 
 Lingula ? dawsoni, Walcott. Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 10, 
 LC.8 d,S page 15, plate 5, fig. 8, ventral valve, enlarged foitr 
 - times. Middle Cambrian {Saint John) formation, 
 kT New Brunswick. (Somewhat like the Welsh Mene- 
 ' -^ vian Lingulella ferruginea of Salter, Mon. Br. Foss. 
 Davidson, Vol. 3,p.336).— Jf. C. See footnote to page 
 ISJ/. above. 
 
 Lingula delia, Hall. i6th Reg. Rt. N., Y., 1863, Hamilton 
 upper beds. Specimen in Oarll & Randall's Chemung section 
 ^Warren, Pa. (0. E. Hall's Rt. 1875)— F/// g.—See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Lingula densa, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4,1867, Hamilton up- 
 per beds. Found by 1. 0. White in the Montour district, Pa., 
 50' to 100' down in the Hamilton. G7, pp. 75, 229, 230.— 
 VIII (?.— Also in the Hamilton lower shale at the CofFee run 
 quarries for the RR. embankment, Huntingdon Co. T3, p. 171. 
 — VIII c. — See Appendix. 
 
 Lingula elliptica. See Lingula perplexa. V a. 
 Lingula elongata, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, Trenton. 
 Emmons, American Geology, Vol. 1, part 2, page 202, 
 plate 8, fig. 5; shell oval, ends somewhat equal, but 
 hinge end narrower; concentric striae on the surface. 
 — Trenton limestone. II o. 
 
 Lingula^'gibbosa, Hall. Trans.' Alb. Institute, Vol. 10, ab- 
 
 .jess£i-j;rr'c ' stract, p. 13, 1879. Figure from Oollett's In- 
 
 ^^^^5. ^ diana Report of 1881, p. 284, plate 27, f. 2, ventral 
 
 ^^^^m YSilye.—Magara limestone, FJ.— Hall, Geology 
 
 ^UmPIr Fourth district, 1843, page 284, pi. 27, fig. 2. 
 
 1ndj:»8i -Pi. 27. ventral valve of a specimen of this species. 
 
 Lingula lamellata, Hall. Report of the Fourth (Western) 
 
 Visa district of New York, page 100, fig. 38, 2, Cli?iton and 
 
 ' * * Niagara formations. Covered with concentric, 
 
 slightly wavy, raised little plates {lamellm) wrinkled 
 
 at the sides; beak sharp, low ; perfect examples rare ; 
 
 no striae; Lockport, Rochester, etc.— F«, Vb. 
 
 Lingula matthewi. See Appendix. — C. 
 
345 Ling. 
 
 Lingula ligea, Hall. 13th An. Rt. 1860, Hamilton upper 
 beds.—G. E. Hall found it in 1875, on Marshall's Creek, Monroe 
 Co., in Hamilton beds, — I. C. White recognized it (with a query) 
 at Cove Station, long RR cut near Bradford line, Huntingdon Co., 
 in the bottom layers of the Hamilton middle shale ; specimen 
 196-12 of Claypole's Coll. Cat. — It occurs in CarlPs collections 
 in Oil region in Chemung upper strata (C. E. Hall's Ms. Rt. 
 1876) specimen 3299 (O, p. 148,) at the Gibson well, i m. N. E. 
 of Jamestown lower quarry, Crawford Co., on a slab of Berea 
 grit holding also Spirifera mesostrialis ? — VIII g^ or X — See 
 Appendix, 
 
 Lingula maida, Hall. 16th An. Rt. N. Y. 1863, Hamilton. 
 —Spec. 804-47 (00, p.) Fellows & Genth's coll., 1875, on Mar- 
 shall's creek, Monroe Co. Hamilton, VIII g — See Appendix, 
 lingula matthewi. See Acrothele matthewi. M, G, 
 liingula melie, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4, 1867, Chemung. 
 At the Austin flag quarries in Ohio, III, p. 436. Recognized 
 by I. 0. White in the Sharpsville sandstone, QQQ, p. 62; in 
 the Orangeville shales, p. 63 ; in the Cleveland shales ? p. 100 ; 
 and in the Bedford shales, p. 196 ; all in Mercer Co., Pa. ; in 
 limestone 40' above the Corry sandstone (3rd Mtn SS.) in the 
 Riceville section, at Athens, Crawford Co., QQQQ, p. 193 ; in 
 great numbers in the Orangeville shales (with fish remains) 
 from top to bottom, most near bottom, QQQQ, p. 89 ; also at 
 Schrenk's, E. Fairfield t., Crawford Co., p. 132 ; many speci- 
 mens in the laminated bench of the Sharon coal bed, outlined 
 clearly as a shining film on the dull black cannel coal (species 
 however somewhat doubtful) QQQQ, p. 124, — Xto XII — See 
 Appendix, 
 
 Lingula membranacea, Winchell. Proc. Acad. N. Sc. 
 Phila. Vol. 15, 1863, lower Carboniferous. Found by I. C. 
 White in the Orangeville shales of Mercer Co. (Q3, p. 63) and 
 Crawford Co. (Q4, p. 89) in great numbers, with fish, from top 
 to bottom but most near the bottom of the formation. — X. — 
 See Appendix. 
 
 Lingula newberryi, of the Ohio Cuyahoga shale^ is found 
 by I. C. White in the shale partings of the Sharon coal bed 
 (near the bottom of the Conglomerate) at the old Liberty Fur- 
 nace mine in Crawford Co. Q4, p. 62. XII. — See Appendix, 
 
Ling. 
 
 346 
 
 Lingula oblata, Hall. Keport on Fourth district of New 
 V .^^ York, page 76, fig. 18, 8. Clinton. Shell wide ; sur- 
 face covered with concentric lines or slight folds, 
 stronger at the margins ; whole surface finely striated. 
 Ig *— ^ These two series of lines distinguish it from the al- 
 lied Lingula perplexa. — V a. 
 Lingula oblonga (dintoni). Hall, 1843, p. 77, fig. 19, 4. 
 
 Vanuxem, page 79, fig. 11, 4. Rogers, p. 
 823, fig. 629. Hall, plate fig. 9, 4. 
 (Conrad An. Rt., N. Y. 1839). Cli7i- 
 ton formation. — Occurs in lime shales 
 over Ore sandstone (among other Clin- 
 ton forms); Claypole, specimen 60 
 (five) at Waggoner's mill, near Center. Perry Co. Va. — 
 Note. G. B. Simpson finds what seems to be a Lingula ohlonga 
 (not good enough to draw) as Spec. 204-34, in Fellows' collec- 
 tions from the Reedsville mill-dam, Mifflin Co., Pa., in Black 
 Hiver or Trenton limestone. — // c. 
 
 Lingula obtusa, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, Irenton. 
 lEc- --**- "-' "jm^ih. Emmons, Am. Geol. 1, ii, p. 202, plate 8, 
 
 fig. 7a, 7& ; shell ovate, sides rounded and 
 
 curving toward a blunt beak, projecting 
 
 beyond the hinge ; rays and contrentric 
 
 Etn AGj85i Pf.a lines extremely fine. — Trenton LI c. 
 
 Lingula papillosa, Emmons. American Geology, Vol. 1, 
 
 'no.^.^^^64. part 2, page 202, fig 64; surface covered with fine 
 
 pimples (papellae), and striated with faint ray lines 
 
 two smooth furrows down the middle. — Trenton 
 
 j^pSi^^^P'ib limestone. lie. 
 
 Lingula perplexa (elliptica). Hall, 1843, page 76, fig. 18, 7. 
 Clinton. (Name preoccupied by Phillips in 1836 and 
 changed by Hall in 1877. S. A. Miller.) The concen- 
 tric lines on the shell are scarcely raised at all. — It is 
 remarkable that L. acutirostris^ L. perplexa and Z. 
 oblata are found together at one place (in the shales 
 of the Wolcott ore bed in New York), the first and last in con- 
 siderable numbers. The rule is that one species of Lingula 
 alone is found at any one place., however numerous the indi- 
 viduals mnr bp. (Hall. p. 77.) — V a. 
 
S4:7 Ling. 
 
 Lingula pinna formis. See Lingulepis pinnaformis. — /. 
 
 Lingula punctata, Hal], 16th An. Kt. 1863, Hamilton,— 
 Doubtfully recognized by Simpson in Spec. 886-1 and 886-4 of 
 Hick's coll. at Bradford, McKean Co., Pa., from Chemung, 
 VIII g, — See Appendix. 
 
 Lingula quadrata. Rogers, page 820, fig. 615. lie, to F, 
 
 Trenton to Clinton formations. Eich- 
 wald, Zool. Specialis, 1829. S. A. M.) 
 Owen, Geol. Wise., Iowa and Minn. 
 1852, pi. 2 B, fig. 8, from the lead- 
 bearing beds of U. Mag. Lime, near 
 M. Dubuque, for comparison. — Illh, 
 Lingula rectilateralis, Emm. Geol. Sec. Dist. N. Y., 1842 
 page 399, fig. 110, 6 ; associated with Triarthus heokii 
 in the Utiea formation^ which Emmons never found in 
 the Lorraineshales above nor in the Trenton lime- 
 stone below. — III a. — Note what Emmons says 
 about the constant connection of these two with 
 __ NuGulites seitula, JSf, post striata and Avicula insueta 
 £.110 O. under barren beds. 
 
 Lingula scotica, Davidson, Monog. Carbon. Brach. Ohio, 
 Waverly. Kt. I, p. 70 — X — See Appendix. 
 
 Lingula rieiniformis, Hall, Palaeont. N. Y. Yol. 1, 1847, 
 ^it.cA^ ^^ Trenton. Emmons' Amer. Geol. I, ii, 1855, p. 
 W l^^ J» 203, plate 8, figs. 2 ^, 5, {?; oval, convex, slightly 
 ^^•^^^ 8. tapering to beak; smooth surface with concentric 
 ' '-^^-^'^ lines scarcely or not at all visible; and not more 
 than i inch long. — Trenton formation. — Found in 0. E. Hall's 
 coll. 1875, in Nittany Valley, V^l.—IIg. 
 
 Lingula spatiosa, Hall, 1859, Palaeont. N. Y., Vol. 3, Low. 
 Held.) Claypole's list of fossils from Perry Oo., Pa., in F2, 
 preface page xiii. — Specimen 6-1, collected by Claypole at 
 Clark's mill, 2| miles north-west of New Bloomfield, from 
 Lower Helderlerg upper shaly heds.^ VI. — See Appendix. 
 
 Lingula spatulata, Hall, page 223, fig. 94, 3, 95? Van- 
 Vni.e. _ uxem, page 168, fig, 42,3 Oenesee, VIII e. 
 
 ^ ^0^ Claypole's specimens, S40 (three) ; 93-17 
 •^ (two) doubtfully identified; also at car 
 
 works, at Hnntingdoiu T3, p. 115 in Marcellus, Villi. 
 
Ling. 348 
 
 Note. I. 0. White in the Montour region, G7, p. 57, 65, 238, 
 240, finds it in Catskill- Chemung transition leds^ IX- VIII ; 
 in beds No. 25, 35 and 54, of the Oauawissa section, Columbia 
 county, Pa. — IX, 
 
 Lingula striata and another Lingula found by Emmons 
 
 in the light friable shales of Vir- 
 ginia (rocks of low uncertain 
 age), with Orbicula excentrica^ 
 \ £yii KjG r'."''^, s ^^SKUKP^-^j^ etc. Am. Geol, I, ii, p. 112, pi. 
 
 '■' 1, figs. 17 (and 9).—/? 
 Lingula trentonensis, Conrad. Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 
 Vol. 8, 1845, Trenton. See Report T on Blair Co., p. 55— //(?. 
 Note. This may be the Lingula (excellent specimen) 203-11 
 A, of C. E. Hall's coll. at Bellefonte in 1875. On the same 
 piece is a poor head of Trinucleus concentricus ; on the reverse 
 side, fragments of Ghcietetes and Tentaculites, — lie. — See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Lingula triquetra. Clarke, Bull. 16, U. S. G. S. 1885, p. 
 . 62, pi. 3, fig. 11, natural sizex somewhat re- 
 sembles Ling. Icena^ Hall and Zing, palcefor- 
 mis., Hall, of the Hamilton shales, but is 
 shorter than the Imna., and narrower in front 
 cik B.I6. 3 i\i2in palceformis^ and without ray lines. — 
 
 Found in the Naples ( Upper Genesee) black shales of Ontario 
 Co., N. Y.— VIIIe. 
 Lingula umbonata, Cox. Geolog. Survey of Kentucky, Vol. 
 3, 1857, page 576; plate 10, fig. 4. Collett's Indi- 
 ana Keport of 1883, page 120, plate 25, fig. 14, sin- 
 . gle valve, natural size. — Coal measures of Vermil- 
 
 ^W lion Co., Ind. Cox's specimen from the coal meas- 
 Inct.MS J?S ^^^5 south of the Ohio rivor. — XIII. 
 
 Lingula ? Rogers, Geol. Pa. 1858, p. 816, 817, from 
 
 the Potsdam sandstone. I. — About a dozen specimens, not iden- 
 tifiable, were got in 1875 from J. Schadt's quarry, i m. N. W. of 
 Helfricht's spring, where the Jordan sinks, in Lehigh County, 
 in a Lower Silurian formation below the Trenton. See DD, p. 22. 
 //. — A Lingula poorly preserved, is the only fossil to be 
 seen in the Lower Salina {Bloomslurg red) shale formation at 
 Chulasky furnace, Northumberland Co., but is in great numbers 
 in bed 2 of the section ; G7, p. 107. 341, 342. V g. — A Lingula 
 
349 Lim 
 
 occurs in Dr. Barrett's list of fossils from the Delaware river 
 Stormville shale {Lower Helderherg) at Port Jervis. G6,p. 134. 
 — Lingular fill the limestone parting beds No. 2 of the Maple- 
 ton section in Huntingdon Co. T3, p. 273, Genesee Hack shale, 
 VIII e, (This is the Lingula with Goniatites interruptus, Geol, 
 Pa., 1858, p. 829.) — A Lingula occurs in Stevenson's list 
 of Devonian fossils in the gaps of Westmoreland and Fayette 
 counties, KKK, 311. VIII g-IX. — A Lingula in F//i, Re- 
 port I, p. 54. — A large lingula, found by Mr. Hatch, 1875, among 
 Chemung fossils in a bed 300' below the Clean (2d Mt. SS.) 
 conglomerate. I, p. 79. — Large lingulw occur in the Ohio Bed- 
 ford shsili^. on the Pennsylvania State line, in Williamsfield, in 
 a bed separating the Upper and Lower Berea grits, I, p. 74. — 
 LingulcB are numerous in Randall's section at Warren, Pa., IIII, 
 p. 305. VIII g-IX, — A Lingula, in Berea grit? Mercer Co. 
 Pa., QQQ, 158. Xf — Lingulm, a few only, were found by 
 White at one or two outcrops in the Meadville lower limestone, 
 usually non-fossiliferous in Crawford, but fossiliferous in War- 
 ren Co. Q4, 88. — A Lingula is common in the Corry sand- 
 stone (3d Mt. SS.) of Crawford Co. It differs from the four 
 species of Lingulce and Discinm which are so abundant in the 
 overlying Orangeville shales, and which were never seen by 
 White beneath that horizon, Q 4, 89. — Lingulce abundant at 
 the top of the Orangeville shale on Henry run, E. Fallowfield 
 (Q4, p. 148) ; near Meadville (p. 170) ; in Smith's ravine (p. 
 172) ; near Little Cooly, N. line of Athens t. (p. 192) ; in Bit- 
 er's section, Richmond t. (p. 195) ; at Pfeiffer's, Woodcock t. 
 (p. 199) ; below Hayfield the whole formation is full of them 
 (and Discince) from top to bottom, 88 feet (p. 202) ; in road 
 cut 2 m. S. E. of Conneaut, myriads (p. 207) ; N. W. of Venango 
 village (p. 219,) all in Crawford Co. — Casts of Lingula and 
 Ehynchonella fvom McCaslin farm, near Pleasantville, Venango 
 Co. Cat. O, Spec. 3148, from over 2nd Mtn. SS. — See also I, p. 
 67, 69. XI — A Lingula in the Coal Measures of Fayette Co., 
 KKK, p. 309. XIIL 
 
 Lingula P Figured by H. D. Rogers, in Geology of 
 
 XH. ^ Pennsylvania 1858, page 833, fig. 693, as found in the 
 n m roof shale of Nelsonville Coal, Ohio ; also in roof of a 
 v^rl ro^i Mercer Co. coal. Pa. ; also in roof shale of Tennessee 
 
 Linguia. coal, A.1I1, 
 
Ling. 
 
 350 
 
 Lingulella cselata. (Oriiculacwlata^Hall^'Psil.lti.Y. 184:7^ 
 
 pi. 79, fig. 9a — c. Oholella 
 
 MG? 
 
 lb ^(.7 . ^ 
 
 T' * (Lingulella) ccelata^ Ford. 
 
 Am. eJour. S. [3] II. p. 33, XV, 
 p. 127.) Walcott, Bull. U. S. 
 G.S., No. 30, page 95, plate 
 7, fig. 1, ventral valve, en- 
 larged twice, drawn by Ford ; 
 la, side view of same, with 
 beak as seen from behind. Fig. 
 16, small dorsal (?) valve en- 
 larged. Fig. \g, dorsal valve 
 enlarged, Ic?, Surface of ^^y^- 
 ^^\\^lYe greatly enlarged.— Lower Cambrian {Georgian) cong. 
 lime, near Troy, N. Y. Also, one mile S. of Schodack Landing, 
 Col. Co., N. Y.— Z. C\ See foot note to page 18^. above. 
 Lingulepis acuminata, Conr. See Walcott's Potsdam for- 
 mation of Saratoga 
 
 WalcoW, 
 
 County, N. Y. 1888. 
 pi.— fig. 12. See 
 Bull. 30, U. S. G. S. 
 page 62. — Confined 
 to the Lower Cam- 
 brian beds. In the 
 upper line are the 
 ventral valves ; low- 
 er line4orsal valves, 
 —L. C. 
 
 Lingulepis pinnaformis. {Lingula pinna for mis ^ Owen). 
 
351 
 
 Ling. 
 
 UC. 
 
 Geol. W. 1. and Minn. 1852, pi. 1 B, f. 4, 6, 8 ; from sandstone 
 at the falls of the St. Croix. — /. 
 
 Lingulepis pinnaformis, Owen. A group of the smaller 
 (dorsal) valves of this little brachiopod is figured on page 154, 
 above, and wrongly named by Owen. Craniaprima, (R. P. W.) 
 Linnsea humilis. Say, abundant in the shell marl of the 
 glacial ponds at Harmonsburg, Crawford Co., Pa. Q4, p. 41. 
 Linnarsonia sagittalis. See Appendix. 
 Linnarsonia transversa. See Appendix, 
 Liostracus aculeatus. Walcott, Bull. U. S. G. S. No. 10, 
 .g page 36, plate 6, fig. 5, type of the genus, copied 
 ^"' from the Swedish of Angelin, to make compari- 
 son with Walcott's genu^ Ptychoparia. It re- 
 presents the forms which have an unfurrowed 
 head-piece (glabella) and no eye-ridges on the 
 fixed cheeks. (See the discussion of Ptycoparia, 
 on pp. 34,35,36.) — Middle Cambrian forma- 
 tion. M, C. 
 
 Liostracus ouanagondianus^ See Conocophalites aurora, 
 which Matthew considers a variety of it, and makes it Lower 
 Cambrian, L. C 
 
 Lithentomum hartti. Scudder. A hexapod insect from 
 the Devonian strata of St. John, N. B. See Conad. Nat. [2] 
 Vol. 3, 1867, p. 206, f. ^,—XLLIf LX? 
 Lithomantis carbonaria. See Appendix. 
 Lithomilacris simplex, Scudder. A cockroach from near 
 Danville, 111. Mem. Boston S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1879, p. 51, pi. 5, 
 fig. 5. Coal measures., XLIL. 
 Lithomilacris angustum, Scudder. Mem. Bost. S. N. H. 
 "^^"^ Tn _^«^^^.».._ I 1879, p. 48, pi. 
 
 ^ 5, fig. 2, 3, 
 
 A cockroach 
 
 from 
 
 iS79. 
 
LlTH. 
 
 352 
 
 Port Griffith near Pittston, Pa. in the collection of M. Lacoe. 
 Zittel's Handbuch, 1885, Vol. 2, p. 754, fig. 931, natural size.— 
 Note. See Mylacris anthracophila.— I add Zittel's fig. 933, 
 (enlarged 5-2), of Sciidder's SpiloUattina gar diner i, from the 
 Trias of Colorado, to show how the cockroach wing was changed 
 in the ages following the Coal. — XIIL 
 
 Lithomilacris pauperatum. Scudder, Mem. B. S. N. H. 
 from same place ; in Lacoe's collection. — XIIL 
 
 Lithomilacris pittstonianum. Scudder Mem. Post. S. N. 
 
 H. Vol. 3, 1879, 
 
 X/ .:^^^F .^l^^^^^T'^^^^^"* —...-^ /^ pi. 5, figs. 4, 10, 
 
 another cock- 
 roach from a 
 ^ Port Griffith 
 
 Suici . /875 ~ ^— X. ' PiTiSn. bed near Pitts- 
 
 ton, Pa. Lacoe's collection. — XIIL 
 
 Lithomyza condita. See Appendix, 
 
 Lithopsis jB.inbricata. See Appendix. 
 
 Lithostrotion canadense. (Z. mamillare^ CoUett. — Ax- 
 
 fnd. ISai. 
 
353 
 
 LiTHO. 
 
 Lithostrotion canadense continued. 
 
 
 
 inura canadensis. Castelnau, 1843, Terr. Silur. d'Amerique.) 
 Collett's Indiana Report for 1880, p. 506 (138). Report for 
 1881, pages 401, plate 52, fig. 3, upper surface, showing calices 
 of corallites, from the Subcarboniferous St, Louis limestone. — 
 I add Owen's fine medal-ruled illustration in Geol. of Wiscon- 
 sin, etc. — See also CarlPs Report I, p. 53 ; and Stevenson's Re- 
 port KK, p. 102.— X/. 
 
 Lithostrotion pictoense, Billings. Dawson's Acadian Ge- 
 ology, 1868, page 285, fig. 83 ; a 
 fine coral, characteristic of a 
 1^ thick bed of Carhoniferous lime- 
 stone., at Limebrook, East River, 
 Nova Scotia. — XI. 
 
 Daw. A.G 
 
 p.285 
 
 23 
 
LiTHY. 
 
 354 
 
 Lithymnetes guttatus. Scudder. 
 
 A locust found in the 
 Oligocene tertiary 
 heds of Florissant Col- 
 orado. Fig. 969 (na- 
 tural size) in Zittel's 
 handbuch. — Te r - 
 tiary. 
 
 Zi^^el 
 
 Littorina antiqua. See Holopea antiqua, VL 
 Littorina cancellata. See Cyclonema cancellatum, V a, 
 Littorina wheeleri. See Naticopsis wheeleri. XV* 
 Lituites bickmoreanus. For figure seepage 365. 
 Lituites farnworthi, Billings. Pal. Foss. Vol. 1, 1861. 
 
 28'' 
 
 Geol Canada, 1863, page 
 .277, fig. 2ft3, Quelec 
 'h Group ( Galciferous sand- 
 stone?) II a. 
 
355 
 
 LiTU. 
 
 ihjlloLii» A M \ 11 \"6 
 
 \\\ I PLA rt >X I 
 
 
 ^J«S 
 
LlTDI. 
 
 356 
 
 Lituites ? ortoni, Meek. See Appendix. 
 
 Jjoonlipora ( Fenestella) ambigua, Hall { Hemitrypa dubia^ 
 
 i\ 
 
 za 
 
 t^K^IS 
 
 Ind.1881. 
 
 Hall, 28th Rt., 1876 ; Fenestella ambigua, Hall, 28th Rt., 1879). 
 CoUett's Indiana Report of 1881, page 248, plate 10, figs.p? to 
 21. In well-preserved specimens there are rows of minute 
 pits between the striae. — Niagara, Vb. 
 
 lionchocephalus chippewaensis (Conccephalus chippe- 
 
 waensis, Owen, 1852, pi. l,figs. 6, 14, pi. 1 A, fig. 9, from the 
 Fourth Trilobite bed on the Menomenie river.—/. 
 
 Lonchocephalus hamulus. ( Conocephalus hamulus^ 
 
 OvV. -C. h. 
 
 Owen, 1852, plate lA, figs. 8, 12, a curious hook-shaped spine 
 
357 
 
 LONCH. 
 
 attached to the back of the headpiece, projecting backward 
 along the middle line of the body ; from the Third Trilohite 
 hed^ Miniskah river. — Potsdam^ L 
 
 Lonchopteris oblongus, Fontaine. {Archostichites oblon- 
 
 Font. US. Bull. 6. ^'''*-'NA.-^Ow*,:;^>^ ^/.49, 
 
 gus^ Emmons, Am. Geol., p. 101, plate 4, f, 6, 8), U. S. G. S. 
 Volume 6, 1883, page 103, plate 49, fig. 1, summit of a frond; 
 1 a, tnucTi enlarged.^ pinnule. Much like Z. virginiensis^ with 
 a slight difference of nervation. At Ellington's, Va. — Trias. 
 
 Lonchopteris virginiensis. Fontaine, Older Triassic 
 Flora of Va. U. S. G. S. Vol. 6, p. 53, pi. 29, f. 1, part of frond 
 with normal rounded pinnules ; 1 ^, magnified pinnule showing 
 nervation. (Omitted: 2, pinnae with acute pinnules; 3, with 
 largest pinnules ; 4, with broad rounded pinnules ; PL 28, f. 1, 
 summit of large frond ; 1 a^ enlarged pinnules ; 2, pinna with 
 long sharp pinnules.) Must have been a splendidly large fern, 
 rather variable, more like the Carboniferous Ferns than any- 
 other. Like Z. rugosa^ Bgt. of France, and Z. rohlii^ Andr. of 
 Aix la Chapelle. Most like Z. (Acrostichides ^^mm.) oilongus. 
 
LONCH. 
 
 358 
 
 Aspinwall and Clover Hill, in sandstone (with Clathopteris) ^ 
 probably between main and lower coals. — Trias. 
 
 Lophodus in the Black Foss. limestone^ 250' below 
 
 Pittsburgh coal bed, Fayette Co. Report L, p. 36. Pittsburg 
 series^ or Barren Measures, — XIY. 
 
 Lophophyllum {Streptelasma) proliferum. ( Cyathaxonia 
 ^.j. prolifera^ McChesney. New Pal. Foss. 
 
 Coal Measures, 1860.) CoUett's Indi- 
 ana Report of 1883, page 118, plate 23, 
 fig. 6, natural size^ side view, upper 
 portion compressed, making it look 
 wider than usual ; fig. 7, another with 
 the cup broken so as to show the cen- 
 tral cup-cone (columella.) Specimens 
 vary in their proportions. Species very common in all the 
 western coal measures. A slenderer form is called by Wor- 
 then Cyathaxonia distorta ; a robuster form by CoUett Lopho- 
 phyllum sauridens. — XIII-XY. Common throughout the Coal 
 measures. Collett. — It has been found in the Ferriferous 
 limestone of the Allegheny Coal series, in N. Butler Co. ( Rept. 
 
359 
 
 LOPHO. 
 
 V, p. 147) and Beaver Co. (Q, 62).— In Decker or. shale under 
 Mahoning SS. atMorgantown and in Greene Co., Pa. (L, p. 36). 
 — In the Brush or, limestone^ 150' beneath the Crinoidal L. in 
 
 Beaver Co., (Q, 34, 154.) Abundantly in the Oreen crinoidal 
 
 limestone of the Pittslurgh (Barren Measure) series^ in Indi- 
 ana Co. (H4, 78),and in the Monongahela region (K, 80; 
 KKK, 309.)— Spec. C 2-10(three specs.)? See 00, p. 239. 
 Also Cl-3 (eight).— X/ZZ, X7F, XT: 
 
 Lophophyllum sauridens^ Compare L. proliferum. XIIL 
 
 liophospira calcifera, Whitfield. Ha, See Appendix, 
 
 Loricaria. Newberry. See Appendix, 
 
 Loxonema acutulum, Dawson. Acadian Geology, 1868, 
 122 page 310, f. 122, magnified ; an extremely 
 slender and very minute shell, with 15 + 
 Paw. whorls, with traces of from four to five re- 
 
 volving lines ; more slender and delicate than the Z. polygyra,, 
 McCoy, of the Irish Coal measures, and Z. acicula,, Phil. — Car- 
 boniferous limestone of Windsor, N. 8. — XI? Xlll'i 
 
 Loxonema (now Isonema) bellatulum, Hall, 14th An. Kt.> 
 
 1861, p. 104; 15th An. Et., 1862, plate 
 4, figs. 4,5. (S. A. Miller's Cat. Pal. 
 Foss. makes Loxonema a synonym of 
 Isonema, 
 
 Loxonema hoydii. See Murchisonia boydii. Vc. 
 Loxonema compactum,^ Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1859, 
 K/ _ __ 460 Low. Held.— Geol. Canada, 
 
 1863, page 958, fig. 460.— FZ 
 
 Geo/. Can. /S63 
 
 Loxonema eotteranum, Billings. Canadian Journal, Vol. 
 
 Vllld .^^^^^few '408^^'^'^^- Geology of 
 
 Canada, 1863, page 
 
 376, fig. 408. Cor- 
 
 niferous limestone. 
 
 Villa, 
 
 Geo/ 
 
 lO^T? 
 
 /;?^.? 
 
LoxoN. 360 
 
 Loxonema delphicola, Hall, 15th Annual Report, N. Y. 
 
 jf^^ 1862, page 52, plate 4, fig. 9. Hamil- 
 ton shales^ at Delphi, Onondago Co., 
 N. Y., but difi'ering from the com- 
 f-f^^^^lS^ th.Rh ' ' mon Loxonema of the Hamilton in its 
 less convex whorls, straight striae (bent abruptly on the last 
 whorl ) , and overlap of w^horl upon whorl. Olaypole's collections 
 in Perry county. Pa. Specimens 5-3 (nineteen examples) from 
 Barnett's mill in Hamilton upper shale ; 105-4 (three) Hent- 
 zell's narrows near Clark's mill, from Ham, sandstone ; 196-7 
 (two) Rough and Ready, Huntingdon county, bottom beds of 
 Ham, mid, shale (T3, p. iii) ; also at Mapleton, in Ham., upper 
 shale (T3, p. 109). Frequent in Ham, shale and in hall ore 
 under Tully limestone,, in Madison t., Columbia county (G7, 
 pp. 77, 207).— F/Z/c. 
 
 Loxonema fitchi, Hall. Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3, 1859. Lower 
 Helderlerg, Found by Dr. Barrett at Port Jervis, in White's 
 
 Stormville shales above and Stormville limestone beneath the 
 Stormville conglomerate,^ in the Pike Co. Rt., G6, p. 132. — VL. 
 See Appendix, 
 
 Loxonema hamiltoniae, Hall. (Z. nexilis, Hall. Fourth 
 
 V.v^^^^^-^ f ^ ^^^^•' ^- ^•' ^^^^' ^' ^^^' ^^^ ^^^ 
 
 ^N^^^^^^^^^^^^s*^ L, nexilis of Phillips.) 15th Annual 
 ^^^^^^^^^/>/.4. Report, N. Y., p. 862, page 53, plate 
 
 4, fig. 8. A specimen If inches long showed 13 whorls. Striae 
 curved as in L, sinuosa. Common in Hamilton Strata^ on the 
 New York lakes. — VLLLc. 
 
 Loxonema hydraulicum, Hall. 24th Rt., 1872, from the 
 Hamilton hydraulic lime. — VLLLc. 
 
 Loxonema nexile. { Terelra nexilis ; T. sinuosa,) Hall, 
 
 i ... 4th Dist. page 200, fig. 80, 8. Hamilton, (See 
 
 j^^^^^ Phillips, Par. Foss. 99, xxxviii, f. 183, 1841. 
 
 ^B^ ^^PI Sowerby in Geol. Transactions, [2] V, pi. liv, 
 
 H.SO.8- f. 17).— F///C. 
 
 Loxonema nitiduUim. See Polyphemopsis nitidulus. 
 XLLL 
 
 Loxofiema newheiryi. See Macrocheilus newberryi. 
 XLIL 
 
361 
 
 LOXON. 
 
 Clk.8.16 
 
 Loxonema noe. Clarke, Bull. 16, U. S. G. S. 1885, p. 55, 
 vine 10 pl- 3, fig. 10, magnified S times; found in 
 
 concretions and soft underlying beds, Briggs 
 Gully and Parrish Gully, Ontario Co., N. Y- 
 The only species of the genus in the Naples 
 ( TJ. Genesee) formation, and quite distant from the Loxonemas 
 of the Hamilton strata below, and the Chemung strata above; 
 larger and fewer ribs. — VIII e, 
 
 Loxonema obtusum, Hall. Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3, 1859. Lower 
 Ilelderberg ; found by Dr. Barrett at Port Jervis in Stormville 
 limest07ie^ G6, p. 134. — VI — See Appendix. 
 
 Loxonema robustum, Hall, 15th Annual Report, New 
 
 York,1862; 
 page 52, 
 plate 4, fig. 
 I, a cast, 
 without 
 surface 
 marks, re- 
 ferred to 
 
 Loxonema on account of its flat whorls and close suture. 
 Another fragment, found with it, ha^ a banded suture and is 
 a distinct species. Schoharie grit, Eastern N. Y. — VII h. 
 Loxonema solidum, Hall, 15th Annual Report, 1862, page 
 j: ^ 51, plate 4, fig. 6. Intermediate between 
 L. Gompacta^ and Z. ohtusa ; specimens 
 ^ all imperfect, without shell, and only to 
 /i ,^I^W^/^^^^pl,/ be distinguished by form and proper 
 tions of whorls. Schoharie grit, Eastern N. Y. — VIII, 
 
 Loxonema terebra, Hall. lUus. Dev. Foss. 1876, Chemung, 
 Claypole's Coll. Spec. 196-6 (two) at Rough and Ready RR. 
 cut, Hunt. Co. Pa., from bottom bed of Hamilton middle 
 shales (T3, 111), and at Mapleton, from the H, upper shales 
 (T3, 109).— In Cat. 00, p. 237, specimens 872-40 (impressions) ; 
 872-46 (impression of this sp. ?) ; 872-37 (poor casts of this sp. ?) ; 
 all from Howell's coll. at Nichols, Tioga county, jN. Y. from 
 Chemung strata. See Rpt. I, p. 93. — Also, spec. 883-6 (impres- 
 sion and part of cast), 883-7, -11, -22, -35, -40, -45, -68, Tioga 
 Co.,N. Y., Chemung, — VIII c, VIII g, — See Appendix. 
 
LoxoN. 362 
 
 Loxonema yandellanum, Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 
 4, 1866, p. 28; Whitfield, Bulletin 3, Am. Mus. 
 Nat. Hist., p. 77, plate 8, figs. 35, 36, in Collett's 
 Indiana Kt., 1882, page 365, plate 31, fig. 35 and 
 36 (a fragment) both magniiied three times, — 
 Subcarboniferous ( Warsaw limestone) forma- 
 tion at Spergen Hill, Ind. — Note. See fig. 38, 
 ^^' under Bulimorpha iulimiformis. — XI, 
 
 Loxonema vincta. See Murchisonia vincta, XI. 
 
 Lumbriconereites austini. See Worm teeth. — IV. 
 
 Lucina lirata. See Paracyclas lirata. VIII a. 
 
 Lucina ohioensis. See Paracyclas ohioensis. Villa, 
 
 Lucina retusa. Hall's Report on the Fourth or Western 
 District of New York, 1843. page 245, fig. 107, 4. Portage form- 
 ation. Shell obliquely suborbicular ; break small, oblique; 
 surface marked with concentric lines, which are stronger on the 
 front margin. Portage formation on Lake Erie Shore. — VIII f. 
 
 Lucina retusa, Hall. The figure given on page 116 of the 
 Vl(r.t^M0^ Dictionary is said by H. S. Williams (Ms. corr- 
 Jan. 1889) to be not a Cardiola because having 
 no radiating folds, and it is placed here at his 
 j^7^^^^^P^4 suggestion. 
 
 Lucina varysburgia, H. S. Williams, Bull. 41, U. S. Geol. 
 Sur. 1887, plate 3, fig. 14, twice natural size ; resembles Para- 
 cyclas chemungensis, Hall, Pal. N. Y. Y. i, pi. 45, f. 23 ; still 
 more Cardiomorpha ( Ungulina) suiorMcularis^ now Edmon- 
 dia tenuistriata^ Hall.— From the green nodular shales between 
 the two Fucoides verticalis sandstones 03 and 04 of H. S. 
 Williams' Upper Devonian Section at Varysburg, Western New 
 York. Portage., VIII f. — See Appendix. 
 
 Lucina wyomingensis, H. S. Williams, Bull. 41, U. S. G. 
 S. 1887, plate 3, fig. 13, twice nature ; resembles Lucina {Par- 
 acyclas) lirata, but has a more erect beak, radiating striae at 
 the cardinal angles, and no finer intermediate concentric striae ; 
 and the concentric folds are not sharp but rounded. — Portage 
 shales at Varysburg, N. Y. (472 A) on H. S. Williams' map. 
 VIII f — See Appendix. 
 
363 
 
 LUNUL. 
 
 SflH.j. 
 
 Ha.H.106.7. 
 
 Lunulicardium* acutirostrum {Pinnopsis acutirostra) , 
 
 Hall, Report on the Fourth Dis- 
 trict of New York, 1843, page 
 243, fig. 106, 7 ; a peculiar shell 
 among the more common forms 
 of the Portage ■formation on 
 Gashauqua creek, N. Y. Its 
 wedge-shaped surface has 26 
 diverging ribs, crossed by many 
 faint, wavy lines and a few 
 stronger wrinkles of growth ; 
 the sharp projecting beak is 
 slightly incurved. — VIII /*. 
 Lunulicardium fragile. Figures wrongly named Avioulo- 
 Vf.W^HI^i.4 ^"'li^k pecten fragilis^ on page 74 of this Dic- 
 "bi^MS^-^ ' ^i^^M tionary (R. P. Whitfield's corrections, 
 
 ^^ Jan. 1889).— Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, 
 5^4-. a 1877, Hamilton. In Perry Co., Pa., 
 Claypole's Spec. 146-2 (seven specimens) from 
 ^.^^^^^ upper road (n. fork) Newport to Baileysburg, 
 V X ^^^^0^S Portage and Chemung ; 197-4, Mapleton, Hunt. 
 Co., Hamilton] 202-1 (five) Mapleton. In Genesee shale, 10' 
 to 30' beneath Portage (T3, p. 108) ; also at McConnellstown, 
 on Piney ridge at the top of the Genesee (T3, p. 108) ; also at 
 Mapleton in Hamilton upper shale (T3, p. 109) ; also at Hunt- 
 ingdon car- works, in Marcellus { Corniferous ?) limestone (TS? 
 p. 115). In Centre Co., Pa., in Marcellus shale (T4, p. 433). — 
 VIII 5, <?, e, ^. 
 Lunulicardium marcellense. ( Cypricardites marcellen- 
 
 sis). Vanuxem, Report on the 
 Third or Middle District of New 
 York, 1842, page 146, fig. 35, 4, a 
 cast of a fossil shell, one of four 
 peculiar to the Marcellus forma- 
 tion, the others being Goniatites 
 expansus^ Nautilus {Goniatites) 
 marcellensis^ and leiorhynchus 
 
 H.94. 
 
 ( Orthis) limitaris. — VIII h. 
 
 *Hall and others spell Munster's genus thus ; 
 Miller spells it Lunulacardium, 
 
 but 8. A. 
 
LUNUL. 
 
 364 
 
 liunulicardium ornatum {Pinnopsis ornatus). Hall, 
 
 Keport on the Third or Western 
 ^"'*^' ^^'^ District of New York, 1843, page 
 
 106^ /j^B^^^S^ y^licardium acutirostra (which 
 
 lived with it in the same Portage 
 sandstone formation) that they 
 are often mistaken for each other ; 
 but this has more than 40 diverg- 
 ing ribs, and the other only 26 ; 
 and they are crossed by beauti- 
 fully arched striae. The general 
 shape of the two shells differs 
 
 also. — Cashaqua creek, N. Y. — VIII f^ 
 
 Lycopodiacese, called Olub Mosses, now living in tropical 
 
 countries, explain a whole class of vegetable fossil forms found 
 in the roof shales of coal beds. See Collett's Indiana Report 
 for 1883, page 76, and his plate 16, figs. 1, 2, 3, stem and 
 branches of a living lycopod^ figs. 4, 4t», enlarged, of axilary 
 
365 
 
 Lycop. 
 
 sporanges; figs. 5, 5a^ 55, large seed (macrospores)^ or in some 
 
 cases spores of two sizes in separate seed cases (sporanges), the 
 
 larger kind being organs of germination, the smaller a sort of 
 
 pollen to fertilize the larger ones; and of these spores almost 
 
 whole layers of coal are made. — See Q, p. 55. — XIII, — Note. 
 
 Under Sporangites bilobata, huronensis, and papillata, 
 
 Dawson, will be found figures of such spores, both of natural 
 
 size, and magnified, by J. M. Clarke. 
 
 Lycopodites matthewi, Dawson. Acadian Geology, 1868, 
 
 S Q page 543, fig. 188, c {a) branch and leaves; (5, g^ 
 
 (5 6?,) leaves of different shapes. Can. Nat. Vol. 6, 
 
 p. 171, fig. 8. Found in the graphitic Devonian 
 
 ^ w shale in the city of St. John, N. B., but not seen 
 
 A idc ^^se where. See Canadian Naturalist, Vol. 6, page 
 
 ^ '^^ 171, fi?. 8. (Dawson.)— VIII-IX, 
 
 Lycopodites simplex, the fruiting spike of some species 
 of this genus, like the living Lycopodium inflexum for exam- 
 ple, and the fossil Lycopodites leptostachys of Goldenberg. 
 Lesquereux, Coal Flora, P,p. 779, plate 106, fig. 2^ found under 
 Campbell's ledge at Pittston, Pa. XIL 
 
 Lyellia americana. (Edwards and Haime, 1851, Mon. 
 
 F o s s . 
 r r . 
 .)Col- 
 s In- 
 diana Re- 
 por t of 
 18 8 2 
 page, 252^ 
 plate 2, 
 fig. 4 up- 
 
 Pl 9 PI ^'^^^^^^^^^^ ^ 
 
 VIM. a. 
 
 
 
 tace, en- 
 larged ; fig. 5, vertical section, enlarged, not cutting the cell 
 tubes, but only the intercellular tissue. Plate 3, fig. 7, side of 
 weathered specimen, showing the furrowed tubes. Upper 
 Helderberg {Corniferous lim.es tone. MiWev^) Villa, 
 
 Lyonsia nasuta. See Tellinomya nasuta. lie, 
 
 Lyonsia suUruncata. Modiolopsis truncatus. Illh 
 
Lyrio. 
 
 366 
 
 Lyriocrinus dactylus, Hall, {Marsupiocrinites? dactylus) 
 
 5 
 
 H'^'-y.b 
 
 pJ/5. 
 
 4tli Distr. 
 N. Y., fig. 
 41 bis, 4, 5 ; 
 fig. 5 rep. 
 res enting 
 very clear- 
 
 -^y^ ^^^ ^^" 
 
 ' * ^^ftBB ^B H||H rangment 
 
 ^\A D j]7™™"™™**W of thecoral 
 
 plates, slightly ornamented. The stem, on which the head 
 grew, is composed of two series of plates, one extending be- 
 yond the other, and ornamented around their edges. (See Hall 
 Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2, 1852.) Niagara, VI, 
 
 Lyriocrinus melissa, Hall. From Collett's Indiana Re- 
 port of 1881, p. 269 plate 14, figs. 18 to 28 ; also plate 15, f. 11. 
 Of these I have selected f. 18, summit of a large individual, 
 showing evidence of a nearly central proboscis ; f. 19 base of 
 large imperfect cup; f. 20, 21, very symmetrical specimen, 
 usual form up to the bases of the arms ; f. 22, ordinary size • 
 five- sided ring where the stalk was set into the head, plates 
 beautifully striated; f. 23, side enlarged twice ; f. 25, bottom 
 of same, showing the nodes on the {continued on p. S77.) 
 
 Lyriopecten alternatus, 
 
 ^i- 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 ::»..;l 
 
 n. s. 
 
 mi 
 
 
 A.P.S 
 
 
 M^|j|r|iil:|-:|||\|\%*-:|^ 
 
 Tr.l889. "'^-=^^. 
 
 Simpson Tians. Amer. 
 Philos. Soc. Philada., 
 1889, page 446, fig. 12, 
 founded on specimens 
 No. 9552, 9953, in Ean- 
 dall's collections, one 
 mile north of Warren, 
 Pa., wrongly labeled 
 Aviculopecte7i. — Che - 
 mungf VIIIg^—^OTE, 
 Full descriptions of this 
 and as many of the 
 other new species as 
 could not come here 
 will be given in the 
 Appendix. 
 
367 
 
 Lyrio. 
 
 {Continued from Z. melissa^ on p, S76,) 
 basal plates ; f. 27, enlarged first radial plate of specimen 22, 
 showing character of the strias. Plate 15, fig. 11, specimen 
 with the arms, and a part of the stalk. — Niagara^ Vh. 
 
Lyrio. 
 
 368 
 
 Lyriopecten fasciatus, recognized by G. B. Simpson in 
 specimen 9579 of KandalPs collections at Warren, Pa., in Che- 
 mung- Catskill strata, Vlll-IX—See Appendix. 
 
 Lyriopecten macronotus, Hall. Olaypole's Oat Spec. 
 
 27-13, (doubtful), from opposite Newport, in Ferry Co., Pa. 
 
 Chemung strata, Vlllg^—See Appendix, 
 
 Lyriopecten orbiculatus. (Avicula orbiculata. Hall, Geol. 
 
 r;^j^^^^^^m Fourth District of New York,1843, 
 
 C !i^i^^^^^^^^ page 202, fig. 81, 1, Hamilton) Avi- 
 
 Gulopecten oriioulatus. Olaypole's 
 list of fossils found in Perry Co., 
 Pa. Report F2 Preface. Catalogue, 
 spec. 5-149 (two), collected at 
 Barnett's mills, N. W. of New 
 Bloomfield, Perry Co., Pa., from 
 __ Hamilton strata, Yllle, 
 
 Lyriopecten priamus. Claypole's list of fossils in Perry 
 Co., Pa. Report F2. Preface, p. xv.— Catalogue of collec- 
 tions, spec. 27-12 (two) opposite Newport, on the Juniata river, 
 in Chemung strata, VIII g\ spec. 51-26, from near King's 
 mill, Penn twp.. Perry Co., in Chemung- CatsMll, VIII-IX. 
 See Appendix. 
 
 Lyriopecten tricostatus. See Avicula tricostata.— VIII g. 
 
 Lyrodesma cincinnatiense. See Appendix. 
 
 Lyrodesma poststriatum. {Nuculana postsriata. ) Em- 
 
 mons, Geol. 2nd Dist., N. Y., 1842, page 399, fig. 110, 4. Black 
 river formation. Also, Geol. Canada, 1863, fig. 167 a, h, 
 Trenton ; and fig. 222, Hudson river formation. lie, III I. 
 Note.— G. B. Simpson finds it in collections of Hale and 
 Hall at McKee's furnace, in Clinton ore roof shales, spec^ 
 501-39; 505-10; 505-11 (00, p. 233). Possibly spec. 501-48 
 (two examples), very much like Palceoneilo irevis, of the Che- 
 mung. Also 507-17, Matilda furnace, Mifflin Co., Pa.— F^. 
 
369 
 
 Machje. 
 
 Machaeracanthus major, New. Pal. Ohio, Vol. 1, pi. 25, f. 2. 
 VIII, ^. 
 
 R.595 
 
 Machaeracanthus peracutus. See Appendix. 
 
 Madurea lahiata. See Raphistoma labiatum, Ilh. 
 
 Maclurea magna, LeSueur. J. 
 Nat. Sc. Acad. Phil., Vol. 1, 1818. 
 Rogers, page 817, fig. 595. Em- 
 mons, page 276, fig. 73, 1. Chazy 
 formation, II h. It is one of the 
 few large gasteropod shells found in 
 the 6000 feet of limestone strata, of 
 Blair Co., Pa., and only in the up- 
 per half of the mass, i. e. in the 
 Chazy subdivision,) 0. E. Hall in T 
 3, p 367.) The same is true in Hun- 
 tingdon and Centre Cos. (Ewing in 
 
 T4, p. 423.) 
 Note. Most 
 commonly 
 nothing 
 ^' more than a 
 white spiral 
 line can be 
 seen on the 
 rock speci- 
 men ; this 
 line repre- 
 senting the 
 edge of the 
 shell-whorl 
 
 converted 
 into crystal- 
 line carbon- 
 ate of lime, 
 24 
 
Maclu. 
 
 870 
 
 calcite. Such a section of Maclurea (with some smaller sec- 
 tions of EnomjoJialus) was found by Clark, June, 1875, in a 
 quarry on Nero Peters' land, 2 m. E. of Ballietsville, Lehigh 
 Co., Pa., in what seem to be Chazy strata, (Report D2, p. 21.) 
 Maclurea or Euomphalus occurs also in J. Dach's quarry, \\ 
 m. S. W. of Bath, near the Jacksonville road, Northampton 
 Co., Pa., in Chazy strata (D3, p. 161, lSZ.)—Ilh. 
 
 Maclurea matutina. Hall, Pal., N. Y., Vol. 1, 1847, Cal- 
 
 CeoJ. of Car?3cfa ^^ ^W JS63 
 
 ciferous sandstone. Geol. Canada, 1863, page 115, fig. 24 (^, 
 view from below ; 5, view of aperture. Figs. 25, a. b. c, exterior, 
 side and inside views of a lid (operculum) to a Maclurea^ per- 
 haps of this species. Note. — H. D. Rogers, Geol. Pa., 1858, p. 
 817, reports it found in the limestone valley's of Pennsylvania. 
 —II a, 
 
 Maclurea sordida. See Ophileta sordida. II a. For fig- 
 ures by Whitfield, 1889, see Appendix. 
 
 Maclurea striata. See Baphistoma striatum. // h. 
 
 Macrocheilus attenuatus. See M. fusiformis. XIIL 
 
 Macrocheilus (Soleniscus) fusiformis, (Hall, Geol. of 
 
 g, A 6 Iowa, part 2, 1858, page 718, 
 
 plate 29, fig. 7. Macrocheilus 
 attenuatus^ proposed by 
 Hall,l 877, because fusiformis 
 was preoccupied by Sow- 
 erby; but Macrocheilus is 
 one of Hope's genera of 
 beetles, 1838; therefore the 
 
 ^ V or) >^ I hy^W ^^^P^i^^ ^^ Soleniscus by 
 IncL. 1 8^^. ?l 34^^ Meek and Worthen, 1860, for 
 
 coal measure gasteropods (snails of this species). Oollett's In- 
 diana Keport of 1883, page 154, plate 34, figs. 4, 6^ natural size, 
 
371 
 
 Macro 
 
 H/$^ 
 
 opposite sides ; fig. 6, another shell broken so as to show the 
 thick and inner lip, columellar fold and broad groove more 
 plainly. Upper coal measures in Iowa and Indiana. — See Poly- 
 phemopsis fusiformis. XIII. 
 
 Macrocheilus hamiltonise. Hall. 15th Annual Keport^ 
 
 Vin ^JriSk^ ^^^ ^^^'^^' ^^^^' P^S^ ^^5 P^^^^ ^5 fig^^^ 2- ^^■■ 
 sembles somewhat the carboniferous M. ve7itri- 
 
 cosus^ but has a larger and not so slender a spire, 
 /f^//llllHF' ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ whorls are ventricose. — Hamilton 
 JSi^^/A^ ^^^^^^^'^^' VIII c. 
 
 Macrocheilus hebe. Hall. 15th Annual Rt., 1862, page 48, 
 VUSC.^^-->^ plate 4, ^g, 1. ^'This shell has all the charac- 
 
 ters of the genus Macrocheilus of the Coal 
 Measures, and is the second well marked spe- 
 ^^ ^"-- cies I have observed in the Hamilton group?^ 
 Like M. newherryi, ( Carloniferous) with some difi*erences. 
 HiiFers also from M. ventricosus. — Goniatite {Hamilton) lime- 
 stone.^ at Manlius, N. Y. — YIlIc 
 
 Macrocheilus inhabilis. See Mach. primigenius. XIIL 
 Macrocheilus klipparti. See Appendix. 
 
 Macrocheilus? littonanus. {Natica littonana, Hall, 
 Trans. Alb. Inst., 1856. Mach. littonamis., Whit- 
 field, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1882, plate 85 
 fig. 28.) Collett's Indiana Survey Rt. of 1883, 
 page 369, plate 31, fig. 28, magnified four times., 
 front view. Resembles littorina pusilla^ Mc- 
 Coy-s Carb. Foss. Ireland. At Bloomington, 
 ^31. Ind. Sulcarhoniferous. XI. 
 
 Macrocheilus {Holopea) macrostomus, Hall, 15th An- 
 
 Vnic 
 
 nual Report, New York, 1862, page 49, plate 4, 
 fig. 3. — Like some of the Platystomata shells, 
 but texture of shell and surface marks difi'erenfc. 
 Fine equal growth-lines strongly directed back- 
 wards from the suture. Like Holopea ; but ap- 
 %, perture and columella not having been seen, re- 
 lationship can only be suspected. Hamilton lime shales., Mad- 
 ison Co., N. Y.— VIIIc. 
 
 Macrocheilus (Soleniscus?) medialis. (Meek and 
 
Macro. 
 
 372 
 
 \nJiJS83. 
 Macrocheilus 
 
 Worthen, Proc. Academy of Natural 
 Sciences at Philadelphia, 1865. Illinois 
 Report, Vol. 2, 1866, plate 31, fig. 6 a, 
 5 5, from near Springfield, 111.) Col- 
 lett's Indiana, 1883, plate 34, fig. 15, 16, 
 ^ natural size, opposite sides, thickened 
 '^ lip, no fold. — Coal measures, XIII. 
 
 (Soleniscus) newberryi. {Loxonema 
 newherryi^ Stevens Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. 25, 
 1858, page 259. Macr, new. Hall, Geol. 
 Iowa, part 2, 1858, plate 29.) Collett's In- 
 diana 1883, page 153, figs. 7, 8, natural size,, 
 opposite sides, last volute outside broken 
 34 away. Danville, 111. Coals M, 1^,—XIII? 
 
 l^B.CTOcheilus {Soleniscus) paludinseformis. (Hall, Geol. 
 Iowa, Part 2, 1858, p. 719, plate 29, fig. 10.) Col- 
 
 ^ lett's Indiana Rt., 1883, page 154, plate 34, fig. 17, 
 natural size,, side view, outer part of last whorl 
 gone, showing fold and groove. Note. Hall sug- 
 gests that Conrad's Plectostylus is a cast of this 
 species. — Found in the Coal measures of Indiana, 
 
 34 Illinois and Iowa. — XIII, 
 
 Macrocheilus (Soleniscus ?) ponderosus. (Swallow, 
 
 nn 
 
 PI. 34 
 
373 
 
 Macro. 
 
 1« MAOROCHEILUS PRIM I GENIUS. 
 
 Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 1858, p. 202.) Collett's Indiana 
 1883, plate 34, figs. 1, 2, natural size^ large specimen from 
 Iowa. — Upper Coal Measures^ X V? 
 
 Macrocheilus primigenius. Conrad. See fig. 3 in last 
 
 wood cut above, 
 from CoUett's In- 
 diana Report of 
 1883, plate 34. 
 ( Sty lifer primi- 
 genia)^ Conrad, 
 Trans. Geol. Soc- 
 Pa.Vol. plate 1,12, 
 fig. 2. Macro- 
 cheilus inhahilies 
 ,^A MACRoc«T?;:t;rpmMiecNius Morton). — Co a I 
 measures ; somewhat common shell from Ohio to Iowa. Col- 
 lett.— Recognized by Heilprin in the collection of fossils from 
 the carboniferous Mill Creek limestone bed (1000' above the 
 conglomerate), near Wilkesbarre, Pa., in the possession of the 
 Wyoming Hist. Society. See Geol. Sur. Pa., An. Rt. 1885, 
 pages 446, 457.— Found by J. J. Stevenson in the Coal Meas- 
 ures of Western Pa. and W. Va. (KKK, p. 310); in the DecJcer 
 Cr, shale (under Mah. SS,) at Morgantown. (L, p. 37.) Also in 
 the Crinoidal limestone. (JT/F), 250' beneath Pittsburgh coal. 
 Fayette Co. (L, p. 75), and on the Conemaugh (114 p. 78). 
 It occurs in Ferriferous limestone^ Beaver Co. (Q, p. 62); Law- 
 rence Co. (QQ, p. 47, 106) ; Mercer Co. (Q3, p. 25) ; northern 
 Butler (V, p. 146).— X//7, XIV. 
 
 Macrocheilus suboostatus ? Owen. Geol. Wis., Iowa and 
 
 Minn. 1852, pi. 2, fig. 9, 
 a cast bearing a strong 
 likeness to D'Orbigny's 
 species (Verneuirs^i^(?- 
 cinum Schlotheimii) in 
 European Devonian 
 but Owen's is from L. 
 Sil. magnesian lime, of 
 Iowa. II G. 
 
 Mac. 
 
Macro. 
 
 374 
 
 Macrocheilus (Soleniscus) texanus, (Shumard Trans, fet. 
 
 Louis Acad. Sci. 1859, Vol. 1. p. 402. 
 Oollett's Indiana Rt. 1883, page 155, 
 plate 34, figs. 13, 14, natural size^ op- 
 posite sides of the shell. Coal meas- 
 ures of Texas ; and at Danville, 111. 
 ^^- To be looked for in Upper Coal Meas- 
 ures of Indiana, and of course in those of Ohio and Western 
 Pennsylvania as well. The figures are of the Illinois speci- 
 men. Dr. 0. A. White suspects that it is nothing more than a 
 large variety of Macrocheilus ventricosus, although it is some- 
 what more globose, and the spire is proportionately less prom- 
 inent than usual in that specif s. XV. 
 
 Macrocheilus (Soleniscus) ventricosus. Hall. Geol. Iowa, 
 
 /lu.^ .. . ^^^^ ^' P^- ^^- ^S ^' (Soleniscus hrevis^) White. 
 '^- 1881. Exploration 100th meridian, Supp. Vol. 
 3, plate 28, fig. 5.) Oollett's Indiana Rt. 1883, 
 ^^ page 155; plate 34, fig. 11, nearly perfect side 
 
 hxi. \Z%i pIS^- view; fig. 12, broken opposite side, showing 
 collumellar fold and broad groove. Upper Coal measures ; 111., 
 Iowa, N. Mexico ; variable. — It has been found by I. 0. White 
 in Beaver. Lawrence, Mercer and Butler counties Pa., in the 
 Ferriferous limestone of the Lower Productive Ooal Meas- 
 ures, Q, 62; Q2, 47, 106; Q3, 25, 77,78; V, 146;— by Steven- 
 son, at Morgantown, in the Decker'^s Cr. shale, under the Ma- 
 honing sandstone, L, 37 : — and in the Crinoidal limestone, 250' 
 beneath the Pittsburgh coal bed, in Fayette Oo. L, 35. — XIII^ 
 XIV. 
 
 Macrocheilus- 
 
 ? found by J. J. Stevenson in the Lower 
 
 Carloniferous strata in the gaps of Fayette and Westmoreland 
 Oo., Pa. KKK, 311.— X, XL 
 
 Macrochilina ; generic name proposed by Bayle in 1880, 
 Journal de Oonchyliologie, [3] Vol. 1, 19, to be used instead of 
 Macrocheilus, above, because the latter name has been pre- 
 occupied by Hope. (S. A. Miller's Oat. Pal. Foss. Supplement, 
 2d Ed. 1883.) 
 
 Besides the above mentioned, Miller's Oat. refers to more 
 than a dozen other species of this widely distributed and long 
 lived genus of Gasteropod ishells. 
 
375 
 
 Macro. 
 
 Macrodon hamiltoniae, Hall. 1870, Prelim. Notice Lam. 
 shells, Olaypole's list, Report F2, preface, p. xiv. Hamilton 
 formation, See Oat. 00, p. 231, specimen 5-62 (two) col- 
 lected near Barrett's mill, N. W. of Bloomfield, Perry Oo., Pa. 
 Multitudes of them occur in the Bedford shale of Ohio, which 
 is higher in the series. Eeport I, p. 73. — VIII c. 
 
 Macrodon hardingi, Dawson. Acadian Geology, 1868, p, 
 XIII ^ \Q'> ^^ 302, fig. 102, «, medium 
 
 sized cast of the inner sur- 
 face ; 5, outer surface ; (?, 
 3.:ivv -^^^^^^ >^ magniH^d sculpture ; shell 
 
 thick, usually represented by casts of interior, smooth, with 
 deep scars ; outer surface covered with regular squamous con- 
 centric folds, fringed with delicate ray-lines; beautiful shell, 
 abundant (especially in Windsor bed e); characteristic of up- 
 per stages of Lower Cariomferous limestones. Allied to 
 Byssoarca reticulata^ M'Coy, Irish coal measures ; to Area 
 m?Goyana^ and anatina^ De Kon. of Belgium ; and to Bys8. 
 tumida of the Permian. Largest specimens 1^ inch long. — 
 XI? 
 
 Macrodon obsoletus. Meek, Regent. Rt. Univer. Virginia, 
 1071 ; Geol. Ohio, Pal. Vol. 2, p. 334, pi. 19, fig. 
 9; recognized by Heilprin among the Mill 
 Creek limestone carboniferous fossils in the 
 museum of the Wyoming Hist. Soc, at Wilkes- 
 barre, Geol. Pa. An. Rt. for 1885, page 456, fig. 
 19 ; 1000' above the Pottsville Conglomerate 
 
 No. XII. In Beaver, Lawrence, Mercer and 
 
 Butler Cos. it occurs in the Ferriferous lime- 
 stone.^ not far above the Conglomerate. Q, 62; 
 « MACRODON oB«>LET«.. q^, 47 ; Q3, 25 ; V, 147. In Fayette Co. it 
 
 occurs in the Crinoidal limestone of the Barren Measures, L, 35- 
 —XIII XIV. XV Note. For figure from Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, p- 
 334, plate 19, fig. 19, ^ee Appendix, 
 
 Macrodon? shubenacadiensis, Dawson. In Acadian 
 ^3 Geology, 1868, p. 303, fig. 103, a cast of the shell; 
 genus uncertain ; very common in Nova Scotia 
 and Cape Breton in Garioniferous lunestones. 
 
 Daw.^^^i--^ XI f 
 
Macro. 376 
 
 Macropetalichthys suUivanti, Newberry. Pal^ontol. of 
 
 v/;i a. 
 
 
 '- Qhic9aa.. 
 
 Ohio, Vol. 1, 1873, page 294, plate 24, fig. 1 ; under side of head 
 plate; original figure (natural size) reduced in the proportion 
 of 51- to 4. — Corniferous limestone (Upper Helderberg) forma- 
 tion, Sandusky, Ohio. — VIII a^ Note. For Pal. Ohio, Vol. 
 1, plate 25, fig. 1, la, and diagram on page 294 of that vol- 
 ume, see Appendix, The figure here given was redrawn by 
 Mr. Simpson from the original in Newberry's volume. 
 
377 Macro. 
 
 Macrostachya, Schimper. f Lesquereux's Coal Flora of Pa. 
 
 page 60, plate 3, figs. 17 to 19 a ; page 721, plate 109, fig. 3.) 
 Collett's Indiana Keport of 1883, page 47, plate 4, figs. 7, 8, 
 plate 5, fig. 7, fragment of stem and large spikes, which are 
 abundant in the Kittanning hed at Oannelton, Beaver Co., Pa. 
 Lesquereux adds (p. 721) that three different forms of Macro- 
 stachya are known. XIIL 
 
 Macrostachya {Aster op hyllites) aperta, Lesq. Geol. Pa., 
 
 1858, p. 852, plate 1, 
 fig.5, (4.) Coal Flora, 
 A^dditions and Cor- 
 rections, Rt. P, part 
 
 Earely found. Anthracite coal led M at New Philadelphia, 
 Schuylkill Co.; and in the Kittanning led^ at Oannelton, 
 Beaver Co., V^i.—XIIL 
 
 Macrostachya communis, Lesq. Additions, etc., 1884, in 
 0. Flora, P, p. 828, plate 3, figs. 17, 18. (Considered by Schim- 
 per to belong to Macrostachya infundihuliformis. — Locally 
 very abundant at Cannelton, Kittanning led ; at Westwood 
 
 ^:^ 2, 1884, page 8 2 9, 
 ' plate 3, figure 20. 
 
Macro. 
 
 378 
 
 near Pottsville ; and at the Archbald & Olyphant Anthracite 
 mines; — mixed with stems and branches of Asterophyllites 
 equisetiformis. — XIIL — See Appendix, 
 
 Macrostachya minor. Lesq. Additions to Coal Flora, 
 1884, Rt. P, p. 829, plate 3, figs. 19, 19 a. At first supposed to 
 be a mere variety of M. communis ; but lately found " at the 
 same locality in numerous specimens all with the same char- 
 acter and of the same size." — Conglomerate bed at Campbell's 
 ledge. Lacoe's collection. — XIL — See Appendix. 
 
 Macrostylocrinus fasciatus. {Cyathocrinus fasciatus^ 
 
 Hall, Doc. Ed. 28 Rt. N. Y. Mus. 
 1876, pi. 13, f. 5, 6.) Hall, Mus. Ed. 
 1879, p. 130, pi. 13, f. 5, 6. Figures 
 taken from Collett's Indiana, 1881, 
 plate 12, figs. 5, 6, enlarged two 
 diameters, — Niagara,, VI, 
 
 Macrostylocrinus striatus. Hall Trans. Alb. Acad. Vol. 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 m 
 
 IND. 
 
 mi 
 
 ?iaz 
 
 4, 1863; 28th, Rt. St. Mus. 1879, p. 129, pL 13, figs. 1 to 4. Col- 
 lett's 1881, plate 12, fig. 1, small individual, perfect strise ; f. 2, 3, 
 larger specimen, no striae ; f. 4, enlargement of basal plate and 
 one ray, showing striae. — Niagara^ Vh, 
 
 Macrotseniopteris crassinervis. Feistmantel. Fontaine's 
 
 Older Tri- 
 ^ assic Flora 
 
 of Vir- 
 ginia, U. S. 
 Geol. Sur- 
 vey, Vol- 
 ume No. 6, 
 1883, p. 22, 
 23, plate 6, 
 fig. 1, leaf 
 of smallest 
 'f^Tih'me N:^ u.SBu/1.6^ ^"^^ f*/-6. size, ap- 
 
379 
 
 Macro. 
 
 parently toward the top of a leaf. (PL 5, fig. 5 gives a frag- 
 ment of a larger leaf; lateral nerves slightly oblique. PL 6, 
 fig. 2, gives width of large leaf, 17 cm. which must have rivaled 
 the M, magnifolia, FeistmantePs plant, found in the Raj- 
 mahal coal measures of India, was not so large.) Species mostly 
 clearly defined ; very rare ; only seen at Clover Hill, in sand- 
 stone under main Richmond coal bed, with other plants only 
 found here. — Trias, 
 
 Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia. ( W. B. Rogers). Schimper. 
 
 TrisfS 
 
 fb/?/cf/rje C/.s. BuJJ. G 
 
 P/.3 Si^ 
 
Mallo. 380 
 
 Fontaine's Older Triassic Flora of Virginia, in U. S. G. S. Vol- 
 letin 6, 1883, pp. 18-22, plate 3, figs. 2, a young leaf, nat. size ; 
 3 tip of medium sized leaf, and part of its venation. Fructifica- 
 tion not clearly made out ; apparently elliptical sori, single 
 row on midrib, or two rows one each side of it. (See W. B. 
 Rogers' description " On the Age of the Coal Rocks of Vir- 
 ginia," Trans. Ass. Amer. Geol. & Nat.) Frond ^\ by 14 in- 
 ches ; 4 by 24 inches ; 6|- by 40 inches long, estimated from 
 fragments. (Reduced full grown leaf, PI. 4, f. 3, and much 
 reduced more blunted tip, PI. .4, fig. 4; also nat. size^ PL 5, 
 fig. 1 to 3 ; small acute leaf PI. 3, f. 1, la, 3 ; unusual form PL 
 4, f. 2 — all omitted here.) Midrib fleshy. Nerves compound 
 (See PL 5, f. 4a, omitted); and fruit? (PL 4, fig. 1,1a, omitted.) 
 Nearest ally M, gigantea^ European EhcBtic ; & M. lata. India. 
 It is the most widely diffused, abundant and characteristic 
 plant in the Mesozoic of Virginia, abounding near the main 
 Richmond coal, and from that to the top of the series ; often 
 alone ; commonly with Equisetum rogersi. It must occur in 
 Pennsylvania, at Phoenixville or elsewhere. — Trias. 
 
 Mallotu^ villosus. See Appendix. 
 
 Man. See Palaeolithic human skulls. 
 
 Marsupiocrinites. See Lyrioerinus dactylus. F, h. 
 
 Martinia lineata. See Spirifera lineata. XIII, 
 
 Mastodon americanus, Cuv. Numerous fragments of this 
 extinct American elephant's teeth, scull,vertebr9e and leg bones, 
 belonging to a large and a small individual, were found in the 
 Port Kennedy cave, Chester Co., Pa. Cope, Proc. A. P. S. 1871, 
 p. 95. — Also from the Ohio river bed at Pittsburgh ; see K, p. 
 22. — Also a tusk in the Glacial Drift at Tunkhannock, Wyo- 
 ming Co. Pa. 67, pp. 20, 123. — Qzarternary or Postpleiocene, 
 See Collett's Indiana Report of 1881, page 33, and figures on 
 plate 3, f. 1, 2 ; plate 6, f. 1. — Human age. 
 
 Matheria tener, Billings. Geology of Canada, 1863, page 
 
 Geo/ C^n. J863 "^^^ K^^^r:^ .^^J^^ ^^ 
 
 right valve ; c^ outside of left valve ; d., inside of same. Tren- 
 ton group., II G. 
 
381 
 
 Matt. 
 
 Matthevia variabilis. Walcott, Bulletin, U. S. G. S. No. 
 
 30, page 224, plate 32, fig. 1 to 12 ; plate 33, figs, la to If.— The 
 first appearance of a family resembling the Conularia family, 
 in a Lower Cambrian formation, one mile north of Saratoga 
 Springs, N. Y. — Z. C. — Associated with Cryptozoon poriferum. 
 Hall, 36th An. Kept.; Platyceras minutissimum Walcott; 
 Ptychoparia Galcifera^ Walcott; Dicellocephalus hartii.^ Wal- 
 cott ; and Dikellocephalus speciosus Walcott ; — in limestone 
 over Potsdam sandstone. — Fig. 1, 2, 3, end, side and summit 
 views of the most characteristic form, enlarged \ Fig. 4, lid 
 (operculum), portions of shell removed; Fig. 5 more conical 
 than 1 ; Fig. 6, cast of inside of another lid ; Figs. 7, 8, 9, top, 
 end, side views of the conical variety, with deeply sinuous 
 
Matt. 
 
 382 
 
 UC 
 
 margin; Fig. 10, partition (septum) across inner chamber (as 
 at S', fig. la, pi. 33.); Fig. 11, section of apex broken off at 
 septa in inner chamber. Fig. 12, inner surface of chamber of 
 habitation, enlarged. — On plate 23, are figs. 1, 1^, \b casts of 
 chamber of habitation and inner chambers; septa, at *', s' .; fig. 
 Ic, end view of conical specimen, showing cast of an inner 
 chamber, etc. Other figures omitted. — Lower Cambrian^ L, C. 
 
 Mazonia woodiana, Meek and Worthen. A spider from 
 Mazon Or. Geol. Sur. 111. Vol. 3. Coal measures^ XIII, 
 
 Meekella striatocostata. Plicatula striatocostata^ Oox, 
 
 Geol. Sur. Ken- 
 tucky, Vol. 3, 
 1857, page 568, 
 plate 8, fig. 7.) 
 Worthen and 
 
 '^^mmm^^ ''^\'^mmm^^ pi ^^ms^oc St. John,Trans. 
 
 )^^J^4»^^^ ISiftS^^^^^^P^ ^l' ^^im^^O Chicago Acad. 
 
 Sci. Vol. 1, 1867.— Collett's Indiana 1883, plate 26, figs. 12, 13, 
 14, natural size adult. — Found by Stevenson in the Coal Meas- 
 ures of S. W. Pa. KKK, p. ^^^.—XIIL 
 
 Megalichthys jaw and teeth figured by Hall, in Geol. W. 
 Div. N. Y., 1843, p. 282. from Ohemung- Cats kill red leds. 
 Pal. Ohio, Vol. 1, plate 40, fig. 3, Za, See Appendix, Prof 
 Hall at first classified the animal by the scales, Sauritolepis^^ 
 (Alb. Inst. 1840) ; afterwards by the fin, Sauripteris (Geol. N. 
 Y. 1843.) But it is a fish. 
 
383 
 
 Megal. 
 
 Megalomus canadensis, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2, Guelph, 
 
 yt ^.-.--^^^^^^^K,^ ^Ao Geology of Canada, 
 
 ....^^^^^^^^ J42 ig(53^pg^ge333^fig 342, 
 
 a cast of the interior of 
 
 a specimen. Note. The 
 Gall or OuelpJi beds 
 overlie the Niagara, 
 lim e s t o n e in Upper 
 Canada. — V a' ^ 
 
 Megalonyx dissi- 
 milis, Leidy. Cope. 
 
 --^m^w^ms^^^ Proc. A. P. S. 1881. 
 
 'Geo/. Cdn ^ -ASI^ffli^^^^ /s6S Port Kennedy cave. 
 
 Megalonyx jeffersoni, Harlan. First described by Jeffer- 
 son to the Amer. Phil. Soc, Phila., 1797, claws, femur, ulna, 
 and radius, found in a cave in " Western Virginia " (Ken- 
 tucky.) Dr. Wistar, of Phila., and then Cuvier showed that 
 it was a gigantic Sloth, Many remains of it have been since 
 then found in our cave deposits, and more recently in the sand 
 beds of Oregon. It probably fed upon the upper foliage of 
 small trees which it bent down with its powerful arms, sup- 
 porting itself on its great tail. As its descendants grew 
 smaller they were obliged to climb, and those still extant in 
 South Amerca live wholly in the trees. (Collett's Indiana 
 Eeport of 1884, page 39, plate 5, figs. 1, 2. — See Appendix,) 
 
 Megalonyx loxodon, Cope. ProceedingsAmer. Philos. Soc. 
 
 Pleish 
 
 Cope 
 
 
 April 7, 1871, Vol. 12, p. 74, f. 1, 2. Sections of canine molars 
 of a gigantic sloth (2 a, profile of 2 from within) found in the 
 Port Kennedy cave, Chester Co., Pa. Compare M, dissimilisj 
 Leidy. — Post-pleiscene ? 
 
Megal. 
 
 384 
 
 =^////////''' \ 
 
 Megalonyx sphenodon, Cope. Amer. Philos. Soc. Proc. 
 
 pie.sh.^...*--^ — ~~^----^Jl5 ^^^' ^^' 1^'^^^ P- ^^' ^- •^-^' crown 
 
 j^^\>:!^^^v^w.v^^ ^f tooth, 11 a^ same from inside. 
 i> '(h^H. mmkJ Another large sloth found by C. 
 
 M. Wheatley in his famous exca- 
 vation of the Port Kennedy 
 cave, Chester Co., Pa. — Posi- 
 pleiocene ? 
 
 Megalonyx tortulus, Cope. Amer. Philos. Soc. Proc. 
 pieish ..^ — ____^ Vol. 12, 1871, p. 84, fig. 12, canine 
 
 ^v:^ molar, 12 a, inside view, of an- 
 other large sloth found in the 
 \N \ W \ ni ^^^' /#P/ Port Kennedy csLYe.—Fost'pleiS' 
 
 ^ cene. 
 
 Co|i>e 
 
 Megalonyx wheatleyi, Cope. Amer. Philos. Soc, Phila., 
 
 
 Cope 
 
 1^,:JtJ K^K. 
 
 1871, Vol. 12, p. 80, 
 fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, sec- 
 tions of canine mo- 
 lars of a large ex- 
 tinct sloth; 5 a side 
 . view of 5 from in- 
 side, 9 ; Sections of 
 
385 
 
 Megal. 
 
 crowns of upper molars ; 10, sections of crowns of lower mo- 
 lars on the right side. Compare M, je-fFersoni^ Leidy. — Fonnd 
 in Port Kennedy cave, Chester Co., Pa., with fragments of 
 long bones of uncertain reference. Named after the late 
 Charles M. Wheatley, of Phoenixville, to whom the geology 
 of our State owes so much. — Post-pleiocene. 
 
 Note. — These species of gigantic extinct sloths with enor- 
 mously powerful claws (onyx, hence the generic name) lived 
 with gigantic Armadillos^ Mammoths^ &c., in Pennsylvania 
 just before the Glacial and Human age set it, and some of 
 them even later. — The large extinct fossil animal remains of 
 the Windward islands, the Brazilian fossil tiger and armadillo 
 lately found by Mr. Willcoxin Florida, &c., show the separation 
 of N. and S. America as a recent event. 
 
 * Megalopteris, Dawson; a genus confined to Devonian and 
 
 TLB, 
 
 Suhoarhoniferous formations; related to Neuropteris on the 
 one side, and Alethopteris on the other; having nerves like 
 those of iV. and leaflets arranged like those of A, Its nerva- 
 tion alone distinguishes it from Heer's genus Dan(jeopteris^ 
 Lesquereux in Coal Flora, page 148. Oollett's Indiana Kpt. 
 1883, i^ate 9, fig. 2.— VIII, IX, X. 
 25 
 
Megal. 
 
 386 
 
 Megalopteris {Neuropteris) dawsoni. Hartt. Acadian Ge- 
 ology, 1868, page 
 550, figure 193, 
 
 " mid-rib not accu- 
 rately given in the 
 figure;" a^ frag- 
 ment of pinna ; J, 
 point of pinnacle ; 
 ,(?, mode of vena- 
 ;t i o n . — Devonian 
 'in New Brunswick. 
 — VI I I- IX. 
 
 This remarkable 
 fern, says Sir Wil- 
 liam Dawson, dis- 
 covered by Mr. 
 Hartt at St. John, 
 N. Brunswick, Can- 
 ada, presents curi- 
 ous points of afiin- 
 ity to Cyclopterids, 
 and may, when 
 more fully known, 
 be placed in a dis- 
 tinct genus. The 
 pinnae, particu- 
 larly when the 
 midribs are thick, 
 show a strong tend- 
 ency to split up in 
 a direction to the 
 rachis. (Sic). I 
 have sometimes 
 noticed them 
 folded in a condu- 
 plicated manner. 
 The nerves fork twice, or thrice. (Hartt.) 
 
 Megalopteris hartii, Andrews. See Appendix. 
 
 Megalopteris lata, Andrews. See Appendix. 
 
387 
 
 Megam. 
 
 Megalopteris minima, Andrews. See Appendix, 
 Megalopteris ovata, Andrews. See Appendix, 
 
 Megambonia aviculoidea, (Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3, 
 ^ p. 274, plate 49a, f. 8. Low. Held.) Clay- 
 ^j^ pole's list of fossils F2. preface, xiii. Speci- 
 men x-20 (two) west of Old Juniata Furnace, 
 Centre t., Perry Co. Lower Helderherq. — In 
 Bedford borough, it occurs in strata exactly like 
 the Tentaoulite limestone of New York, T2, 
 Pl.49ai. p. 89.— VI. 
 Megambonia ? cancellata, Hall. Dawson's Acadian Geol- 
 209 ogy, 1868, p. 602, fig. 209 ; surface cancellated by a 
 cross pattern of concentric and radiating, raised 
 Daw -^ss^ striae. Arisaig, Nova Scotia. — V? 
 
 Megambonia cardiiformis. {Pterinea cardiiformis,) 
 
 Hall, Report on the Fourth 
 
 H. Vol.3. 
 
 Y-VI 
 
 v»r.tt 
 
 Hall 6^'.. 
 
 or Western District, of 
 New York, 1843, page 172, 
 fig. 68. 1, a perfect speci- 
 men; showing equal 
 valves ; hind wing ; radiat- 
 ing fine striae; prominent 
 growth lines ; large promi- 
 nent beak. Perfect casts 
 were also found at the place 
 (Clarence Hollow, N. Y.). 
 It clo5!ely resembles a 
 Pterinea (Megambonia) of 
 the Oriskany sandstone. — 
 Corniferous ( Upper Hel- 
 derherg) limestone forma- 
 tion. — VIII a. 
 
 Megambonia jamesi, Meek. See Appendix, 
 
 Megambonia lamellosa, Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3. 1859, Oris- 
 kany. Found at Mapleton, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Spec. 200-5 
 (three) from the Oriskany sandstone. Also in Royers' ridge 
 and Sandy ridge, at Orbisonia, and at Three Springs in the R. 
 R. cut through Oriskany, T, 35; T3, 119; see 00^ p. 235, spec. 
 702-2 (two). — This or an allied Oriskany species is seen in the 
 
Megam. 
 
 388 
 
 Hindman section on Willis Creek, T2, 86 ; also, on the road from 
 Beegles to Exlines, in King township, T2, 132; also, abun- 
 dantly at Bedford Springs, but not well preserved ; all in YII, 
 
 Megambonia ovoidea, Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1859, Lower 
 Helderberg, Found by Dr. Barrett in the Stormville (Lower 
 Helderberg) limestone of Monroe and Pike Cos., Pa., at Port 
 Jarvis. G6, p. 134— VL 
 
 Meganteris ovoides. See Rensselaeria ovoides. VII. 
 
 Megaphyton magnificum, Dawson. Acad. Geol. 1868, 
 
 AcctcUcLn 
 
 page 448, fig. 167 A, ideal restoration of the whole tree as it 
 grew in the Coal swamps; f. 167 B, One leaf-scar, two-thirds 
 natural size ; f. 167 B 1, a row of the scars, on a much reduced 
 scale. These peculiar trees bore their enormous fronds in two 
 rows, one on each side of the trunk ; although so unlike modern 
 forms Dawson gives reasons for classing them in the family of 
 
389 
 
 Megap- 
 
 ferns. Their tissues under the microscope are not distinguish- 
 able from those of ferns and Lycopods. (Dawson.) — XIIL 
 
 Megaphytum protuberans, Lesquereux. Coal Flora, 
 
 >page 352; Illinois Eeport, 
 Vol. 2, page 158, Plate 47, 
 figs. 1, 2. Oollett'g Indiana 
 Keport, 1883, page 75, plate 
 8. fig. 11 ; ranging (like 
 Stemmatopteris) from the 
 ' Conglomerate up to the 
 Pittsburgh Coal bed, and even into the uppermost Coal Meas- 
 ures. — XII^ up to XVL 
 
 Megathentomum pustulatum. — Scudder. A neuropter- 
 
 ous insect-wing of the 
 Coal age, found in the 
 Coal Measures of Mason 
 Creek, 111. Proc. Best. S. 
 N. H. Vol. 11, 1868, p. 401. 
 Zittel's Handbuch der 
 Palseontologie, Vol. 2, 
 1885, p. 762, fig. 954, to 
 show that wings of that 
 early age of insect life were 
 sometimes spotted, and 
 probably colored. — XIII, 
 
 Megistoerinus evansii. Owen and Shumard, Geol. Wis., 
 
Meloc. 
 
 390 
 
 Iowa and Minn., 1852, pi. 5 A, f. 3, a, b. Natural size. From 
 the Burlington limestone of Iowa, subcarboniferous. — X/. 
 
 Melocrinus bainbridgensis, H. & W. See Appendix. 
 
 Melocrinus obconicus, Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol.4, 1863, 
 
 Vfc 
 
 1* 
 
 IND, 1881^^^^^^^=^^ ^^'^^F^ PL. 13. 
 
 p. 206; 28th An. Kt. N. Y.Mus. 1879, p. 138, pi. 14, figs. 11—14. 
 Figures from Collett's Indiana report of 1881, p. 269, plate 13. 
 figs. 11, 12, side and front, enlarged twice; fig. 13, summit, en- 
 larged, plates of dome; f. 14, base enlarged, — Niagara^ Vh. 
 
 Menocephalus globosus, Billings. Geology of Canada, 
 
 ^ 1863, page 237, fig. 267. a, 
 side view; b, upper surface; 
 S^!k and c, front view of the head 
 QeoTcaTi ^ ' ^^^ of this little trilobite of the 
 
 Quebec group. Lower Silurian ? Cambrian f 
 
 Menocephalus sedgewicki, Billings. Geol. Canada. See 
 figure 266, somewhat enlarged^ under M. globosus^ above. 
 
 266 
 
 a 267 
 
391 
 
 Menop. 
 
 Menophyllum tenuimarginatum, E. & H. a coral cup, 
 ^ figured in A. WinchelPs Geological Studies, 
 
 1866, page 212, ^g. 128. The same figure is 
 found in Zittel, Vol. 1, page 229, fig. 136, 
 1^ from the mountain limestone of Tournay in 
 Belgium, magnified twice. It is given here 
 ,Jf for its beauty ; but this strong-leafed {Meno- 
 phyllum) genus of corals, has not yet been 
 recognized in America. — XL 
 
 Merista arcuata, Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1859, Lower 
 Helderherg. In Perry Co. Pa. found in the Chert beds. Spec. 
 216-8 (two). — In Huntingdon Co. abundant in lowest 50' of 
 the Lewistown limesone\ T, p. 41. — At Orbisonia; C. E. 
 Hall. — In Bedford Co. at Mann's quarry, where the Lower 
 Hellerlerq is rich in fossils. T2, p. 187. — F/. — See Appendix, 
 
 Merista hella. See Meristella bella. — F/. 
 
 Merista intermedia. C. E. Hall's collections at Bell's 
 Mills, Blair Co., Pa., from Clinton Strata. V a. 
 
 Merista laevis. {Atrypa Icevis. Vanuxem.) Rogers, page 825, 
 
 figure 642. 
 Vanuxem, 
 page 120, 
 figs. 26, 2. 
 Lower Llel- 
 derherg. — 
 Found b y 
 Dr. Barnett, 
 
 at Port Jervis, in White's Stormville limestone., G6, 134.— In 
 Perry Co. Claypole's specimens 6—8 (two); x— 10 (small box 
 full); 11—9 (three); x — 13; x— 15 (two) on the same slab with 
 a Meristella hella. — In Huntingdon Co. is abundant in the 
 lower 50' of Lewistomn limestone., T, 41 ; over the Waterlime 
 beds of the Aughwick Valley, at Orbinsonia. T3, p. 126. See 
 Ashburner's specs. 601 — 22 (seven specimens). Cat. 00, p. 234. 
 —608-8 (identified by J. Hall, Nov., 1888), from Hogback, 
 Monroe Co., Pa. Lower LLelderlerg. — VL. 
 
 Merista lata, Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1859, Oriskany. Re- 
 ported by Claypole in Perry Co., Pa.; by Stevenson in Bed- 
 ford Co. on Beegle's-Exlines road, King t. (T2, 132); abundant 
 
Meris. 
 
 392 
 
 south of Bedford Springs (p. 148); in Hyndman section (p. 86); 
 by Ewing in Center Co. (T4, 431.) — F//. — See Appendix, 
 
 Merista subquadrata, Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1859, Lower 
 Helderlerg. In Cat. 00, p. 603 & Hall's specimens 603-1 
 (twenty-seven of them) from Sandy Ridge, back of Orbisonia, 
 Huntingdon Co., Pa. — VI. See Appendix, 
 
 Merista sulcata {Atrypa sulcata,) Hall, Report on the 
 ui^ ^^ Fourth District of New York, 1843, page 142, 
 ^^ ^r fig. 58, 5. Vanuxem, 1842, page 112, fig. 23, 5- 
 H \A y^aterlime formation. — VI, 
 
 Merista typa, Hall. {Camarium typum^ Hall), State Mu- 
 seum report 1859, p. 43; also Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, page 487, pi. 
 95 A, fig. 2 «, 5, 3, 4, 5, 6. Spec. 602 — 1, from field back of sand 
 quarry, Orbisonia, Hunt. Co., Pa. VI, — See Appendix, 
 
 Meristella bella {Merista hella? Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y. 
 
 Vol. 3, p. 248, plate 40, 
 figs. 1 A, i, k. Lower- 
 Held.) Claypole's col- 
 lections in Perry Co.? 
 Pa., spec. X— 13 ; X— 15 
 . (two), both in the upper 
 
 Y\.^\j 
 
 H. "■ Pal. NY V5I.3. 
 
 shaly beds; and 187-6,-7 (three), from the same strata three 
 
 miles east of Ickesburg. — VI. 
 Meristella cylindrica, Hall. See Appendix, 
 Meristella haskinsi. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4, page 306, 
 
 VIILc 
 
 .^•*N. 
 
 8L5 
 
 plate 49, figs. 26 to 35 ; drawn from the 
 same specimens which furnished fig. 81, 5 
 of Geol. 4th District, 1843, given on page 
 62, above, of this Dictionary, under the 
 wrong name of Atrypa, (R. P. Whit- 
 field's corrections, Jan. 1889.) 
 
 vine 
 
 Meristella incerta, Simpson, n. sp.. Trans. Amer. Philos. 
 
 Soc. Phila., Vol. 1889, page 
 412, Fig. 7. Shell subrhom- 
 boidal, greatest width at or 
 a little below the middle ; 
 length of the ventral valve 
 equal to the width ; of the 
 
 A.RS; 
 
393 
 
 Meris. 
 
 the dorsal valve, slightly less. . . . Ventral valve the more 
 convex; greatest convexity a little above the middle, abruptly 
 curving to the cardinal margin, and more gradually to the 
 front. A comparatively deep, broad sinus extends from the 
 beak to the base, forming one of the most conspicuous features 
 
 of the species Umbo prominent General aspect of 
 
 surface that of a smooth shell with a few strong lines or 
 varices of growth. There are indications of radiating strise, 
 and it is possible that specimens in a better condition of preser- 
 vation would show both radiating and concentric strias. The 
 form of this species is very similar to that of Meristella hella^ 
 of the Lower Helderberg group, but that species has a de- 
 pression on both the ventral and dorsal valves, while this 
 species has a fold on the dorsal valve. The subrhomboidal 
 form distinguishes it from any species of the Upper Helder- 
 berg groups. Formation and locality. Chemung group, near 
 Warren, Warren county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Meristella Isevis. See Merista Iwvis. ~F/. 
 
 Meristella nasuta, Hall. {Atrypa nasuta^ Conrad, 1840.) 
 
 HalUSik.ARtMr^. 
 
Meris. 
 
 394 
 
 \HD IS6I 
 
 15th An. Rt. 1862, pi. 3, f. 17, 18, 19. showing gradations in 
 size and front extension; 10, profile of 19 ; 21, 22, dorsal and 
 profile views of large specimen, probably of this species ; the 
 prolongation in front being wider and more extended than 
 common. — Schoharie grit^ Up. Held. c& Hamilton^ VII 5, 
 Villa, VIII G. 
 
 Meristella rectirostra, Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 10, 
 
 1879. Figures from 
 Collett's Indiana Re 
 port of 1881, p. 301, 
 plate 27, figs. 10, 11, 
 12, back, front and 
 side of type specimen ; f. 13, back of one more slender ; f. 14, 
 shows size and direction of the spires, or gills. Niagara.^ Vl. 
 
 Meristella rostrata. {Atrypa rostrata.) Hall. Report 
 Y//W c.»/. ^ on the Fourth District of New York, 
 
 1843, page 202, fig. 81, 2, a very neat 
 little shell, marked by a few concen 
 trie lines of growth, and apparently 
 found only in the thin bed of Encri- 
 nal limestone (under the Moscow shale., which is the top sub- 
 division of the New York Hamilton) on Eighteen Mile creek, 
 N. Y.— F7//^.— Also in the Tully limestone, VIII d. 
 
 Pu.rT 
 
 Meristella scitula. 
 
 beak to the lower valve. 
 
 {Atrypa scitula; Atrypa circe.) 
 Hall, Report on the Fourth Dis- 
 trict, JS. Y., 1843, page 171, fig. 
 67, 1, a very scaly shell, with 
 hardly perceptible concentric 
 lines, but a characteristic long 
 
 Williamsville, Erie Co., N. Y. Cor- 
 
 niferous {Upper Helderherg) limestone. VIII a. 
 
 Meristella (?) unisulcata. Hall, {Atrypa unisulcata, 
 Conrad, 1841,) 14th An. Rt. 1861, p. 101; 15th An. Rt. 1862, 
 pi. 2, f. 17, a cardinal view of a well-preserved form, from the 
 Upper Helderberg limestone, in which there is a ridge-like 
 fold on the dorsal valve, parallel with and close to the hinge- 
 line or cardinal margin of the valve. In fig. 18, a specimen 
 from the Hamilton group, this fold is more oblique, rising from 
 
395 
 
 Meris. 
 
 (Meristella unisulcata, continued.) 
 Villa. ". 
 
 m c. 
 
 HaJT^^m^ IS- fi. At, .Rh. /U 2. . «^sy-=-7>/ z 
 
 near the beak, as shown in the figure, while there is a second 
 fold on the side of the shell. Fig. 19 is a specimen from the 
 Upper Helderberg limestone of the West ; in which the fold is 
 sharp and clearly defined, slightly oblique, and intermediate 
 to the former two; the specimen is more gibbous than those 
 from the limestone of New York. Figs. 20 and 21 are ventral 
 and dorsal views of a large specimen from the limestone of 
 New York; fig. 22, profile of the same; fig. 23, front view of 
 the same. Fig. 24, interior of the dorsal valve, showing a 
 median septum, cardinal process, teeth, sockets, and bases of 
 the crura. Fig. 25, interior of ventral valve, showing the teeth 
 and muscular impression. (Figs. 24 and 25, * ^ ^ ^ from 
 the limestone of the Falls of the Ohio.) Hall proposed for 
 the Hamilton form M. unisulcata^ var. hiplicata; and the 
 western form M, unisulcata^ var. u^niplicata. — VIII a^ c. 
 
 Meristella ? found in the Oriskany shales (here the 
 
 only representative of VII) south of Port Jervis, in New 
 Jersey. G6, p. 123, on Pike and Monroe Cos., Pa. — VII. 
 
 Meristella ? found by 0. E. Hall among Oarll's Che- 
 mung collections in N. W. Pa. — VIII g. 
 
Meris. 
 
 396 
 
 Meristella ? Spec. 890-3, of Sherwood, E. Liberty, Brad- 
 ford Co. Upper Chemung^ VIII g. 
 
 Meristina {Meristella) maria, Hall, Pal. N. Y.IV, 1867, p. 
 
 299 ; 28th Rt. Mus. Edit. 
 1879, pi. 25, figs. 8-12.— 
 Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, page 
 132, plate 7, figs. 5, 6. 
 — Figures here taken 
 from CoUett's Indiana 
 report of 1881, p 299, 
 plate 25, fig. 8, back of 
 a young shell, which has 
 not begun to develop 
 the middle groove, and 
 is proportionately 
 broader than old ones ; 
 figs. 9, 10, back and 
 [iiu." .^Niiiipr- ffiffi ^^'^^mm^^ ?i2^ front of a large mature 
 
 individual ; fig. 11 front of another with a slighter groove ; fig. 
 12, side view of 9. — Niagara^ Vb. 
 
 Meristina nitida, Hall (Atrgpa nitida.) Geol. 4th Dist. Tab. 
 
 iNorrsfu fiy^^^zs "^H.Ms' 
 
 of Organic Remains, p, 11, No. 14 (No. 13 on the plate), fig. 5. 
 Niagara limestone. See Pal. N. V. Vol 2, 1852, p. 268, pi. 55, 
 fig. \a to \g ; a very abundant little shell in the Niagara shale 
 at Lockport, N. Y. ; quite varied in form and proportion and 
 
397 
 
 Mert. 
 
 usually distorted by pressure. Its remarkably smooth surface 
 usually shows only a few lines of growth ; but in some cases 
 strong ones.— The other figures are taken from OoUett's In- 
 diana Keport of 1881, p. 300, plate 25, fig. 1, back of a small 
 roundish specimen ; f. 2 front of a rhomboidal specimen ; f. 
 3, back of large ovate form also emarginate in front ; shows 
 hole (foramen) in beak; f. 4, front of large spec, strongly 
 emarginate in front ; f. 5, side view of 3 ; f. 6, back of narrow 
 specimen, with slight emargination in front ; f. 7, back of an- 
 other. — Niagara Vb, 
 
 Mertensides buUatus, (Fecopteris hullata, Bunb.) Fon- 
 taine. Older Trias Flora of Virginia, U. S. G. 8. Bull, 6, p. 35, 
 pi. 15, figs. 2, part of compound fertile pinna; 3, last sterile 
 pinna ; 3^, magnified^ pinnule to show nervation ; 4, compound 
 sterile pinna; 5, largest heteromorphous pinnules. (Other 
 figs, on plates 16, 17, 18, 19, omitted.) Specimens in great 
 number and fine preservation. Unlike all later plants except 
 Fecopteris loUfolia, L. and H., Yorkshire Oolite. Fructifica- 
 tion interesting, resembles that of Laccopteris. Abundant in 
 shales and soft sands over the lower coal at Carbon Hill and 
 Clover Hill ; near Midlothian, Deep Run, Ydi.— Trias. 
 Tr/ds 
 
 2 ^ PI IQ 
 
 FiQ./. Pf. J 8. 
 
Meut. 
 
 398 
 
 (Mertensides buUatus, continued.) 
 
 3 
 
 ront&mp 
 
 U.S.BuU 6 
 
 P/./S 
 
399 
 
 Mert, 
 
 Mertensides buUatus, continued.) 
 
 ^p,/c?. PIJ6 
 Bntcune- u.s.BuILS ^^ 
 
 Mertensides distans, Fontaine. Older Triassic Flora of 
 Virginia, U. S. G. S. Vol. 6, p. 39, pi. 15, fig. 1, a compound 
 normal leaf; \a, magniHed, fruitage on pinnules. Sterile frond 
 not seen. Pinnules thick and corriaceous. Leaf so dense that 
 no nerves except the middle one can be made out. A small 
 plant very like Oleichenites microphyllus, Schenk, European 
 RlmtiG. Compare also PeGOpteris gracilis, Heer, European 
 Trias, Very rare, at Clover Hill Colliery, in flaggy soft sand- 
 stone with small coals above main Kichmond he&.— Trias, 
 
 Mesodmodus ? Ush scales frequent in the Meadville 
 
 uj)per limestone of Crawford Co. I. C. White, Q4, p. 83.— Note. 
 St. John and Worthen's genus, 1875, Geol. Sur. 111., Vol. 6, 
 three species : explanatus, exculptus^ and ornatus, — X 
 
 Mesonachis vermontana. (Walcott, 1885, Am. J. S., pi. 
 29, figs. 1, 2.— 0lenus vermontana. Hall, 12th An. Rt. 1859, fig. 
 2 ; Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3, 527 ; Barrandia vermontana, Hall, 13th 
 An. Rt. 1860 ; Geol. Vt. 1861, Vol. 2, pi. 13, fig. 2; Paradoxides 
 vermonti, Emmons, 1860, Manual of Geol., p. 280, Note A; 
 Paradoxides vermontana, Barrande,1861, Bull. Soc. Geo. France, 
 
Mert. 
 
 400 
 
 (Mertensides distans. See page 409.) 
 
 Triss: '^'^^^BM, 
 
 ^^^S^Q 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Fonhc/ine os.Buf/.e, 
 
 PI. /6 
 
401 Meson. 
 
 (Mesonachis vermontana, continued from page 409.) 
 
 XVIII, pi. 5, fig. 8 ; Oleiiellus vermontana^ Hall, 15th An. Et. 
 1862; etc.)— Walcott, Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 30, page 158, 
 plate 24, fig. 1, copy of original figure of type specimen in Am. 
 Mus. N. H., New York city. Fig. 1 a, Mr. Hurlburt's specimen ; 
 fig. 1 &, enlargement of its tail end, to show the spine project- 
 ing from its 15th segment. — Lower Gamlrian ( Georgian) for- 
 mation, at Parker's quarry, Vt. Heads have been found in 
 Labrador. — Z. C. 
 
 Metoptoma alta, Whitfield. II a. See Appendix. 
 26 
 
Metop. 
 
 402 
 
 Megalopteris minima, Andrews. See Appendix. 
 
 Megalopteris ovata, Andrews, See Appendix. 
 
 Metoptoma cornutaeforme. Walcott. Potsdam Fauna 
 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y. 
 f'^"-1888. Figs. 10, 11. 
 See Bull. U.S.G.S., 
 page 62. Upp e r 
 Cambrian {Pots- 
 dam) formation, and 
 confined to it. To be sought for in Pennsylvania along the 
 north-west flank of the South mountain, and along the North 
 and South Chester Valley Hill ranges. — U. C. 
 
 Metoptoma erato, Billings. Geology of Canada, 1863, 
 /c/-::^ _ .^ 95 page 145, figure 95 ^, side view, S, 
 
 back view. Trenton group, lie. 
 Description in Pal. Fossils, Vol. 1. 
 1862, Black Rivnr group, lie. 
 
 Geo/.Cdn 
 
 1863 
 
 Metoptoma niobe, Billings. Geology of Canada, 1863^ 
 
 Uueb f^ ^ Ml ,11, I 291 page 276, fig. 281 ^, side view ; 
 
 5, view of the upper side. From 
 the Quebec group. Lower Si- 
 lurian ; or Cambrian. De- 
 scribed in Pal. Foss. Vol. 1, 
 Geo/ Cdn /863 "^ -s:^^|pr 1862. Calciferous sandstone 
 formation^ II a. 
 Metoptoma orithyia,;Billings. Geology of Canada, 1863, 
 
 Oaeb. 3 M^Ufcfc^ ^^^ Pag^ ^76, figure 282 (55, side view; 
 
 5, outline of the base. Quebec 
 group. Description in Poalsezoic 
 Fossils of Canada, Vol. 1, 1862. 
 Specimens from Calciferous 
 
 ^ \i / ^M^^^ ^^^, sandstone. II a. 
 
 QqoI ^WfCdn. ^^ /S63 
 
 Metoptoma ? rugosa. See Stenotheca rugosa. L. C. 
 
 Miamia bronsoni, Dana. An insect found in Mason 
 Creek nodule, 111. Amer. Jour. Sci. [2] Vol. 37, 1864, p. 34. 
 35, fig. 1. Coal measures., XIII. 
 
403 
 
 MlAM. 
 
 Miamia danm. Scudder. See Gerarus danae, TSciidder. 
 XIII. 
 
 Michelinia convexa, D'Orbigny. Geology of Canada, 1863, 
 
 ^5^ page 364,figure 359. 
 Found in the Upper 
 Helderherg ( Cor- 
 niferous)lrme stone 
 of Can ad a . — 
 VIIl a. 
 
 Geo/ C&n 
 
 /863 
 
 PL 23 
 
 Michelinia eugeneae, White, in Collett's Indiana Report of 
 
 K> !>,.!MQa^ 1883, page 119, plate 23, 
 r '^^^''^^^ figs. 14, 15, 16, natural 
 size, side views of three 
 separate specimens. The 
 base of the coral was evi- 
 dently attached to some 
 foreign body. Collett 
 says it is the only known species of the European genus Mich- 
 elinia of DeKoninck as yet found in American coal meas- 
 ures (at several places in Indiana and Illinois J. — XIII. 
 
 Michelinia ? Genus recognized by J. Hall, Nov., 1888, 
 
 in Spec. 808-17, from Dingman's Falls, Pike Co., Pa. Hamil- 
 ton^ VlII G. 
 
 Microdiscus {Dawsonia) dawsoni, Hartt. Dawson's Acad- 
 ^Fig. 228/ ian Geology, p. 654, fig. 228, magnified head of this 
 
 ^^^ pretty little trilobite, always broken, heads and tails 
 '^^ separate ; surface finely granulated, (not shown in 
 
 figure;) never seen with the ConoGephalites at Ratcliff*e mills^ 
 St. John, but quite abundant in the Coldbrook shales ; Cam- 
 hrian. IIC. 
 
Micro. 
 
 404 
 
 . '''^'^Tv 
 
 Microdiscus dawsoni, (Hartt, in Acad. Geol.) Walcott, 
 
 Bulletin, U. S. G, S. No. 10, page 23, pi. 2, 
 fig. 3, head shield enlarged three times ; 
 fig. 3 a, tail shield enlarged three times. — 
 Middle Camhrian {Saint John) New 
 Brunswick, M, C. 
 
 Microdiscus lobatus. {Agnostus lohatus^ Hall, 1847, Pal. 
 
 ^ N. Y. Vol. 1, p. 
 M^e. J Jl^ 'l^ P»' i6 258, pi. 67, figs. 5^. 
 
 —f.) Ford, 1873, 
 Amer. Jour. S.[3.] 
 vi,135, foot note. — 
 Walcott, Bull. U. 
 S. G. S. No. 30, 
 page J 56, plate 16, fig. 1, head very much enlarged; 
 1(Z, another head, to show range of variation; Ih tail (pygi- 
 dium) very 'much enlarged, — Found in the Low. Camlrian 
 ( Georgian) formation, — multitudes of them occurring in the 
 conglomerate limestone on the ridge east of Troy, N. Y. — Note. 
 Formerly considered characteristic of Hudson river slate forma- 
 tion. See Agnostus lohatus., above. L. C. 
 
 Eogers, page 820, fig. 614. {Beyrichia lolata.) Middle Cam- 
 Wlk./^M^^ brian. (Formerly considered a Hudson river 
 (Loraine) formation species (III b.) Described 
 as a Beyrichia, but it is a trilobite. Figs. 1 
 n ^^s//:|A show the natural size, figs. 2, enlarged. 
 
 Microdiscus meeki, (Ford, Am. J. S. [3] xi, 371.) Wal- 
 
 ^ cott. Bull. U. S. G. S. No. 30, page 155, plate 16, 
 
 ^ fig. 4, head (drawn by S. W. Ford) this, the only 
 
 specimen found, necessarily stands as the type of 
 
 the species ; Lower Camhrian conglomate limestone 
 
 in ridge east of Troy, N. Y. — L. C. 
 
 Microdiscus parkeri, Walcott, Bulletin, U. S. G. S. No. 
 
 30, plate 16, fig. 2 and 2(^5, head and 
 tail, enlarged Hve times. — Georgian 
 i^ formation ; Parker's Trilobite 
 quarry, north of Georgia Plains, 
 Franklin Co., Vermont. — Z. C. 
 
405 
 
 Micro. 
 
 Uc. 1 
 
 Microdiscus punctatus, (Salter, Q. J. G. S. London, 1864, 
 
 XX, 237, pi. 13, fig. 11— Whiteaves, 
 Am. J. Sc. 1878, xvi, 'i^'^b,— Micro- 
 discus pulchellus^ Hartt, No. 13 of 
 J list sent to Dawson.) Walcott, Bull. 
 U. S. G. S. No. 10, page 24, plate 2, 
 figs. 1, la, 15, head shields (gla- 
 bellas) showing variations of form 
 and making, enlarged four times. 
 Fig. 1<?, tail piece (pygidium) en- 
 larged three times. — Middle Cam- 
 hrian {Saint John) formation, New 
 Brunswick, and New Foundland. — M. C. 
 
 Microdiscus quadricostatus, (Properly a young Irinu- 
 
 cleus.) Emmons, American Geology, Vol. 
 1, part 2, page 116, plate 1, fig. 8, enlarged 
 ahout five diameters, Wolcott, in Bull. U. 
 S. G. Sur. No. 30, page 152, says, Emmons' 
 genus Microdiscus was founded on a speci- 
 men of Trhiucleus. — Barrande thought 
 Emmons' minute forms might be the young 
 fry of some large trilobite like Trinucleus. (Salter.) — Now, 
 many of these minute species are known {jpunctatus^ speciosus, 
 etc.,) and grouped as Microdiscus^ midway between the Agnos- 
 ^^^5 and the Conophrys groups. Pemphigaspis iullata (Hall, 
 16th An. Rt. p. 221) is closely related. — Emmons' specimens 
 were found in the White fragile [H. River) shales. His 
 name Microdiscus cannot be applied to his specimens ; but it 
 is retained for all the minute Cambrian species. (Walcott.) 
 
 Microdiscus speciosus, (Ford. 1873, Am. J. S. VI, p. 137, 
 
 fig. 2 a, I. XIII p. 141.) Wal- 
 cott, Bulletin U. S. G. S. No. 30, 
 ^ page 154, plate 16, fig. 3, Za^ top 
 I and side, enlarged twice ; 3b, 
 tail (pygidium) enlarged twice. 
 Fig. 3c. very perfect head from 
 Troy. — Lower Camlrian {Geor- 
 gian) formation in Canada, and 
 not rare near Troy, N. Y. — 
 
MiCR. 406 
 
 (Note. Kesembles Salter's Welsh Microdiscus punctatus in 
 Menevian formation. Head resembles Microdiscus daiosord 
 from Middle Cambrian (Saint John) formation. — See also 
 Microdiscus pulchellus,) — Z. C. 
 Microdon hellistrita. See Eodon bellistriata. — VIII c. 
 
 Microdon ellipticus, Whitfield ( Cypricardella elliptica ? 
 y^i J^n Microdon, Conrad, 1842, being a name preoccupied 
 ''"^r-^^^ by Agassiz in 1833 for a genus of fishes, has been 
 changed to Cypricardella. See S. A. Miller's Cat. 
 Amer. Pal. Fossils, p. 194. Hall's Microdon suh- 
 elliptica is described in Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 4, 1856. CoUett's 
 1882, plate 30, fig. 37, Spergen Hill, suhcarloniferous., XI 
 Microdon nucleata. See Cypricardella nucleata. — XI 
 Microdon oUonga. See Cypricardella oblonga. — XI 
 Microdon sulelliptica, Cypricardella subelliptica. — XI 
 
 Modiella pygmsea, Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, part 1, plate 
 76. He found it with other fossil forms on specs. 808-12,-13 of 
 Fellows' collection at Dingman's creek falls. Pike Co., Pa., 
 from Hamilton strata., VIII c. — See Appendix. 
 
 Modiola angusta, (a mistake for Amnigenia catskil- 
 liensis, Hall, Pal. N. Y. V, i. p. 516), the only fossil seen by 
 Prof. Stevenson in the whole Catsldll formation in Bedford 
 Co., Pa. (T2, p. 75) and that only along the Wills creek out- 
 crop. It occurs in one of the highest beds, bed No. 30 of the 
 Hyndman Section (T2, p. 103) about 300' below the base of 
 the Pocono formation. If this be the one shell only found in 
 the the Oneonta Sandstone of New York, which Hall makes 
 Portage.^ it is remarkable that it is here the one only shell of 
 the Catskill. — IX. — For figure and explanation see Amnige- 
 nia catskilliensis in Appendix. 
 
 Modiola concentrica. Modiomorpha concentrica. VIII c. 
 
 Modiola {mytilops) metella. (Hall, 1870, Prelim, notice 
 
 of Lamell. shells ; Pal. 
 N. Y. Vol. V. plate 33, 
 %. fig. 24, Chemuug.) Clay- 
 \ pole's list of fossils in 
 \ .-^^^i\ Perry Co., Pa., F2, pre- 
 face p. XV. — Chemung- 
 Vol V, PI 33. Catskill leds. VIIIIX. 
 
 
407 
 
 Modi. 
 
 Found also by I. C. White at Rupert, Columbia Co., in bed 30 
 of Section 13, (G7, p. 69,) in Chemung^ VIII g, 
 
 Modiola minor. Lea. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc, Phila. [2] Yol. 
 2, 1852, recognized by Heilprin, doubtfully^ among specimens 
 from the Anthracite slates of the Northern Goal field, in the 
 Museum of the Wyoming Hist. Soc. at Wilkesbarre. Geol. 
 Sur. An. Rt. 1885, p. 451. — XIII — See Appendix, 
 
 Modiola casts in loose pieces of sandstone found by Carll 
 on Gibson run, 1 m. N. E. of Jamestown, Crawford Co., Pa., 
 probably from the Berea grit. Cat. 0, spec. 3300. — X. 
 
 Modiola pooli, Dawson. Acadian Geology, 1868, p. 301, 
 MHO f g, xoo, a cast of the shell ; nearly cylindrical, 
 with delicate surface lines of growth; found in 
 ooTi 1 1 IX Carboniferous limestones of Nova Scotia. — XIII f 
 Modiolopsis anodontoides {Cyprieardites anodontoides^ 
 
 til A,. 
 
 sinuata,) Emmons, Geology of the 
 Second District 1842, page 399, fig. 110, 
 3. Utica formation. (Conrad, 1847, Hall, 
 Pal. N. Y., Vol. I.) loraine {Hudson 
 2, river) formation. — JII a^b. 
 Modiolopsis carinata, Conrad. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, 
 //c ^^^ 1847, Trenton groitp. — The figure 
 
 here given is taken from Sir Wm. E. 
 Logan's Geology of Canada, 1863, page 
 173, fig. 1^^.— Trenton. lie. 
 
 CC7/7 
 
 /8S3 
 
 Modiolopsis concentrica, H. & W. See Appendix. 
 
 Modiolopsis cincinnaticus, H. &. W. See Appeyidix. 
 
 Modiolopsis curta, Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 1, 1847, Hudson 
 river group. Reported by Prof. Ewing as found by him in 
 that formation in Centre Co., Pa. T4, p. 427, — /// b. — See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Modiolopsis dubia ? (Hall, 1859, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 3, Low. 
 Held.) Claypole's list of fossils from Perry Co., Pa.. F2. Preface 
 p. xiii. lower Helderberg, F/, See Cat. 00, p. 234, Spec, 
 604-1, in Fellows & Genth collections at Manning's quarry near 
 Hazardville, Carbon Co., Pa.; and 606-2, in Fellows' coll. on 
 Hogback, Shawnee, Pike Co., Pa.; both in lower Ilelderberg. 
 VI. — See Appendix. 
 
Modi. 
 
 408 
 
 Modiolopsis faba. {Nuculitesfaba). Emmons, page 395, 
 
 |»> „rr. fig. 106, 5. // G. Trenton (Conrad, 1842, in 
 
 Emmons, II c^ Blackriver and Trenton^ Illh^ 
 Loraine formations. See specimens 205-1, and 
 E'I06. 5". 205-2 (twenty of them) in 0. E. HalPs collec- 
 tions near Reedsville, Mifflin Co., Fa., (00, p. 232,) in strata 
 probably lower than Trenton ; also 207-1 (twenty) and 207-2, 
 in F. Piatt's collections in Morrison's Co., Blair Co., in 
 Chazy strata.^ II J. 
 
 Modiolopsis gesneri, Billings. Geol. Can. 1863, p. 172, 
 
 Geo/. C<3n. /863 
 
 fig. 157 a^ side view; 5, dorsal view. Trenton group. II c. 
 
 Modiolopsis maia, Billings. Geology of Canada, 1863, 
 80 6 a 81 hr, P^go 143, fig. 80^, right valve ; 
 
 5, dorsal view. (Fig. 81 is 
 M, nais^ Billings. See be- 
 low on page 420.) — Trenton 
 group. II G. 
 
 Geo/. C<3n 
 
 /R63 
 
 Modiolopsis meyeri, Billings. First named and described 
 
 lie. ^.<:^^^^^-^ /S8 in Pal. Foss. Canada, Vol. 1, 
 
 1862. Figure here given is 
 taken from Geology of Canada, 
 
 1863, page 173, figure 158, from 
 the Trenton group in Canada. 
 
 ___^__ IIg. 
 
 Modiolopsis modioliformis, Meek and Worthen. Geol. 
 Survey of Illinois, Vol. 3, 1868. Trenton., II c. 
 
409 
 
 Modi. 
 
 Modilopsis modiolaris, {Pterinea modiolaris ; Cypricard- 
 
 ites angustifrons^ 
 cypricardites 
 ovata. Emmons' 
 Geology of N. Y. 
 fig. 114, 1, 2.— 
 Rogers, G e o 1 . 
 Penn. 1858, Vol. 
 2, page 821, fig. 
 618.— Conrad 
 1838.— Pal. Ohio, 
 Vol. 2, page 83, 
 plate 2, fig. 17.— 
 Found in the 
 Loraine shale. 
 —Ill 5. 
 
 Modiolopsis 
 
 ? Collected by C. E. Hall in 1875, on 
 
 Marshall's creek, Monroe Co., Pa., in Hamilton^ or Marcellus 
 strata, Proc. A. P. S. Jan. 5, 1876. — Villi, c.— Reported by 
 Prof. Ewing, T4, p. 427, as found in Loraine {Hudson river) 
 shale. Ill h. 
 
Mow. 
 
 410 
 
 112. 
 
 Modilopsis nasuta. ( Cypricardites modiolar is and nasutus. 
 
 Emmons, page 403, fig. 112, 4, 
 Loraine {Hudson river) forma- 
 tion^ (Conrad, Ann. Et. N. Y. 
 1841.) Like Pterinea carinata 
 it occurs only in this formation, 
 and is never seen in the Tren- 
 ton or Utica (Emmons).— /// 5. 
 
 Modiolopsis nais, Billings. Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 
 143, fig. 81 a {See under M, maia above) right valve ; b dorsal 
 view. Trenton group II c. 
 
 Modiolopsis perlatus, Hall, 28th Kt. N. Y. Museum, Doc. 
 
 Ed. 1876, pi. 27, figs. 3, 4, copied into 
 Collett's Indiana report of 1881, p. 
 315, pi. 28, fig. 3, right valve char- 
 acteristic of the species ; fig. 4 hinge 
 view showing its great convexity or 
 roundness. — Niagara^ Vh. 
 
 Modiolopsis pholadiformis, 
 
 Hall. See Appendix. 
 
 Modiolopsis rhomboidea, Hall. Dawson's Acadian Ge- 
 V-vi ^ — ^ 2oiology, 1868, p. 600, fig. 203 ; surface evenly 
 
 striated, concentrically; front muscular scar 
 very strong, back scar less so but still very 
 conspicuous and subduplicate ; some resem- 
 blance to M. priniige7iius { Unio primigenius., Conrad, Ann. 
 Rt., N. Y., 1838, Medina sandstone).^ but less ventricose in the 
 middle. &c. Arisaig, Nova Scotia. — Vf 
 
 Modiolopsis truncata, Hall. See Appendix. 
 
 Modiolopsis subalatus, Hall. Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, 1852, 
 
 plate 27, figs. 5, 
 6; 28th An. Rt. 
 of Museum, 1879. 
 Collett's Indiana 
 report of 1881, 
 /•-qy\ p. 315, plate 28, 
 fig. 5 J left valve of a form closely resembling the M. subalatus 
 
 JDdW. 
 
 -.'"'7 J\ -^■■ 
 Mm 
 
411 Modi. 
 
 of New York, but of larger dimensions; fig. 6, right valve, 
 having a proportionally greater length ; in this feature more 
 nearly approaching the New York species. Glinton and Niag- 
 ara.— ^ee ^i^eQimen^ 501-19^, 40, 46-50, in Hale and Hall's 
 collections at the McKee fossil ore bank, Mifflin Co., Pa. (00, 
 p. 233); Spec. 502-9 (nine examples); 502-16J; 502-21; same 
 outcrop, roof shale of ore bed ; 504-42 from Bell's Mills ; and 
 508-16 in Hall and Fellows' coll. at Orbisonia, also in CUfiton 
 shale. — Va. Vh. 
 
 Modiolopsis subcarinata, Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, 1852, 
 Clinton. Found by C. E. Hall in Ferguson Valley, Mifflin Co., 
 Pa., in Clinto?i^ — Va. See Appendix. 
 
 Modiolopsis subrhomboidea, N. S. Simpson, Trans. A. 
 
 va. ^'— vr--^ P. S., Phila., 1889, page 450, fig. 17; 
 
 ; ;. '' . \ founded on specimens 501-47 of Hale and 
 y ^, Hall's collections at McKee's ore bank. 
 
 ; y Shell of medium size, rhomboid ovate in 
 
 APS ^'"^^"'~"-— ^— frfsag outline; length twice the height; basal 
 
 margin slightly convex along the middle, curving to the ex- 
 tremities; posterior margin abruptly rounded below, somewhat 
 more gradually recurving to the cardinal line ; cardinal margin 
 slightly arcuate; anterior margiin sharply rounded. Valves 
 flattened, greatest convexity at the umbonal ridge. Hinge 
 line slightly oblique, extending a little more than two-thirds 
 the length of the shell. Beaks appressed, situated about one- 
 fourth the length of the shell from the anterior end; umbonal 
 ridge not distinctly defined; posterior slope rounded, becoming 
 flattened just before reaching the cardinal line. Surface marked 
 by fine concentric lines, and at irregular distances apart by 
 varices of growth. The anterior muscular impression is mod- 
 erately large, well marked, and situated just within the ante- 
 terior margin below the beak. The best preserved specimen 
 has a length of 24 mm., and a height of 13 mm. This species 
 may be distinguished from M. subcarinatus by the less clearly 
 defined umbonal ridge, the somewhat arcuate hinge line, and 
 absence of a constriction in the basal margin. Formation and 
 locality. Clinton shale, above fossil ore, at McKee's ore bank, 
 north-east of McKee's house, Ferguson valley, seven miles 
 north-west of Lewistown, Mifflin county, Pennsylvania. — Va. 
 
Modi. 
 
 412 
 
 Modiolopsis terminalis, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. l.—IIIh, 
 Modiolopsis trentonensis, Hall, Pal.JJNew York, Vol. 1. 
 
 He. jtss^ ^mm^^mm s^>^ ^ (l^^'^- Trenton. Tel- 
 
 Hinomya trentonensis^ 
 Emmons Am. Geol. I, 
 ii, page 170, plate 14, 
 fig. 4; thin shell; sur- 
 face marked by fine 
 
 , .„„i,,„„,,, ,,„, „ concentric lines; shell 
 
 ^'•'^•near the front end 
 
 rather thick and cylindrical. Note. This may Ibe the species in 
 
 C. E. Hall's collections of 1876, from Trenton limestone beds 
 
 on the Little Juniata. — II c, 
 
 Modiolopsis truncatus, Hall, Pal. New York, Vol. 1. 1847- 
 ^^- ~^.^m^mMi§^^^^^^ Hud. Riv. group. lyonsia 
 
 suhtruncata., D'Orb. Emmons 
 Am. Geol. I, ii, 1855, 171, plate 
 17, fig. 4 ; beak near the front 
 ^mX^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-*'^"^ PI. 17. end which has the muscular 
 scar. — Loraine {Hudson River) shale formation. South-west- 
 ern Virginia. (Emmons.) — Illh. 
 
 Modiomorpha alta. ( Cypricardites alata, ) Hall, Geology 
 lyj^ammm^mmm^ of the 4th District of New York, 1843, page 
 
 48, fig. 6, 3. {Cypricardia alata), {Unio 
 primigenius^ Conrad.) — More abundant at 
 ^ .^.^ ,. Lockport, N. Y., than elsewhere. (Hall.) — 
 
 ^^^^^^^^ Of Medina., VI 
 
 Modiomorpha alta. (Cypricardites alta. Conrad, Ann. 
 
 Rep.N.Y. 1841.) Fig. 
 from Hall, Pal. N. Y. 
 Vol. 5, plate 37, fig. 
 11. Hamilton. — 
 Claypole's list of fos- 
 sils in Perry Co., Pa. 
 F2, Cat. Spec. 5-167, 
 collected at Barnett's 
 mill near N ew Bloom- 
 field, from Hamilton 
 upper shale., VIII c 
 
 .37. 
 
413 
 
 Modi. 
 
 — Specimens also in Randall's Collections at Warren, from 
 Chemung Upper beds. 0. E. Hall. VIII g. — A specimen re- 
 sembling it^ doubtfully, identified by Heilprin in the Collections 
 of the Wyoming Hist. Soc. Wilkesbarre, from Anthracite black 
 slate. — XIII. 
 
 Modiomorpha amygdaloides, found by C. E. Hall among 
 CarlPs Collections of 1875, in the Oil Region. MS. Rt. Dec. 
 30, 1876. Chemung upper beds ? VIII g-IX, — See Appendix. 
 
 Modiomorpha angustata. {Cypricardites angustata.) 
 
 Vanuxem, 1843, page 186, fig. 52. Hall, 1813, plate fig. [72.] 
 Catskill formation. IX. — This became in Hall's, Pall. N. Y., Vol. 
 5, part 1, p. 516, the Amnigenia catskilliensis, which is the 
 only shell as yet found in the Oneonta {Portage) sandstone of 
 eastern New York. See Appendix under Amnigenia cats- 
 killiensis. 
 
 Modiomorpha catskilliensis. ( Cypricardia catskillien- 
 
 .JTTVW 
 
 V/anux. 5;?.p. 
 
Modi. 
 
 414 
 
 sis.) Vanuxem, 1843, page 186, fig. 52, 1. Found by Clay- 
 pole on Jenkins' farm, 5 m. S. of New Bloomlield, Perry Co.^ 
 Pa., in Chemung- CatsMll strata. Spec. 57-64. — VIII-IX. — 
 This Hall puts, with GypriGardites angustata^ under Amni- 
 genia catskilliensis. See that name in the Appendix. 
 
 Modiomorpha complanata. (Hall, 1870, Prelim. Not. 
 
 Lamell. shells; Pal. N. Y., 
 Vol. 5, pi. 37, a, fig. 9. IT. 
 Held,) Claypole's list of 
 Perry Co. Penn, fossils, F2, 
 Spec. 5-187, collected at 
 Barnett's mill. Perry Co., 
 from Hamilton upper 
 
 [Villa, c 
 
 
 jr>v 
 
 
 
 "'>%"^^ 
 
 IH. -^-^^^^^^^^'''^' vp L5 ,_PL.3Z> shales ; and by I. C. White, 
 near Grafton, Penn township, Huntingdon Co. (T3, p. 109), in 
 the same, 50' below the TuUy limestone. — VIII c. — A form 
 nearly resembling this species was found by Heilprin among 
 the Anthracite coal measure fossils of the Wyoming Historical 
 Society, near Wilkesbarre. — XIII. 
 
 Modiomorplia concentrica. (Modiola concentrica.) Hall, 
 
 page 196, fig. 78, 9. 
 Kogers, page 827, fig. 
 658. Hamilton. (Com- 
 pare Modiola semi- 
 sulcata in Murchison'a 
 Silurian Researches, 
 VIII, fig. 6.)— Conrad, 
 1838.— (Claypole finds 
 in Perry Co., Pa., in Hamilton 
 strata and also in Chemung. Speci- 
 mens 5-17 (four); 5-127; 37-7; 
 68-11 ; 68-19 ; 99-51 (two) ; 110-27 ; 
 115-2 ; 197-1 ; 233-4 ; i. e. at Bar- 
 nett's Mills, Perry Co.; Bloomsburg, 
 Col. Co.; Drumgold's tannery. Perry 
 Co., near New Bloomfield ; Mapleton, 
 Huntingdon Co.; Roseburg, Perry Co.; all in Hamilton upper 
 shales. Also, 2^ m. N. of Liverpool, Perry Co.; Bloomsbnrg, 
 Col. Co.; New Bark tannery, Perry Co.; all in Chemung lower 
 
 6^8. 
 
415 Modi. 
 
 stToia (see T3, 109). In Bedford Co. it was found by Steven- 
 son in sandstone bed No. 30 the Yellow Creek section, Hopewell 
 township, 2957 feet below the assumed base of Catskill forma- 
 tion. — VIII G, g. — See spec. 801-27 from Marshall's creek, 
 Monroe Co., Pa. (00, p. 235); spec. 809-6, from canal at Port 
 Jervis, in Hamilton strata^ VIII c. 
 
 Modiomorpha neglecta ? See Claypole's Barnett's MilL 
 Perry Co., specimen 5-98, reported in Cat. 000, as from 
 Hamilton upper shales. VIII c. 
 
 Modiomorpha quadrula ? Hall Prelim. Not. Lam. 1870, 
 Chemung. — See Claypole's spec. 104-28, from opposite Sher- 
 mansdale mill. Perry Co., in King^s Mill sandstone^ Chemung- 
 CatsMll transition heds, VIII g — IX, — See specimen 876-4 
 (00, p. 237) in L. E. Hick's collection near Big Shanty, Mc- 
 Kean Co., Pa. Chemung VIII g. — See Appendix. 
 
 Modiomorpha rigidula, Simpson, n. sp.. Trans. Amer. 
 
 Philos. Soc, Phila., 1889, page 449, fig. 16. 
 Shell of medium size or smaller, subquad- 
 rangular in outline ; height a little more than 
 three-fifths the length of the shell; basil 
 APS. iTr.ifisr margin regularly and gently curving from the 
 
 anterior to the post-basil extremity ; posterior margin gently 
 curved, slightly oblique, sometimes nearly at right angles to the 
 basil margin ; cardinal line essentially straight ; anterior rounded 
 abruptly, extended, without limitation by a sinus. Beaks a little 
 more than one-fourth the length of the shell from the anterior 
 end ; umbonal ridge prominent, extending from the beaks to the 
 postbasal extremity. Valves convex towards the basal mar- 
 gin, becoming gibbous above the middle and in the umbonal 
 region ; posterior slope convex near the beaks, becoming flat- 
 tened as it approaches the posterior margin. Surface marked 
 by concentric striae which frequently become obsolete on por- 
 tions of the shell. On casts of this species the pallial line is 
 sometimes so strong as to give a distorted appearance to the 
 specimen. This species may be distinguished from Modio- 
 morpha rigida^ of this formation, by its greater gibbosity, the 
 less oblique posterior margin, less clearly defined umbonal 
 ridge, and the more prominent beaks. Formation and locality, 
 Chemung group,, Tioga village, Tioga Co. Pa. — VIII g. 
 
Modi. 416 
 
 Modiomorpha subalata. Cypricardites subalata. Conrad, 
 
 /I Ann. Kt N. Y., Hall, Pal N. Y. 
 Vol. I, i, plate, 39, fig. 11. Ham- 
 
 
 ilton.) ClaypoPs specimens 43-1 ; 
 ^^i^l 43-11 (two); 57-13 (three); 57- 
 "^ ' ' 24; 57-26; 103-15; 104-4; 104- 
 ~^SP^^^^^^^ 6; from one mile above Sher- 
 1^ ~^^-?-£:_: :^ g^-^ ^\f^-^ 5^ Pj . 3a mansdale, on Sherman's creek, 
 Perry Co. (IX) ; from Jenkin's farm, 5 m. S. of New Bloom- 
 field {VIIT-IX); from opposite Shermansdale mill (^^7^^'5 
 mill iSS. VIII-IX) ; and from \ mile N. of King's miir ( Che- 
 mung^ VIII g.) 
 
 Modiomorpha subalata, Yar. chemungensis, new va- 
 riety ? Simpson, 1888, to be found on specimen 850-4 J, in 
 Sherwood's collections at Lawrenceville, Tioga Co., Pa., from 
 Chemung^ Till g. 
 
 Modiomorpha ? New species ? (G. B. Simpson.) 
 
 Specimen 888-86 (unlike all published figures), in Sherwood's 
 coll. Sharon township. Potter Co. Upper Chemung^ VIII g. 
 
 Modiom.orpha ? Claypole's spec. 103-13 (two) from | 
 
 m. N. of King's mill, in Chemung^ VIII g. 
 
 Modiomiorpha — ? Claypole's spec. 101-18, from Mil- 
 
 lerstown fossil ore works, in Clinton Va. 
 
 Modiomorpha ? Sherwood's spec, from Tioga Co. 
 
 Chemung, VIII ^f- 
 
 Molgophis brevicostatus, Cope. See Appendix, 
 
 Molgophis macrurus, Cope. See Appendix, 
 
 Molgophis wheatleyi, Cope. See Appendix, — Note. This 
 genus of batrachian reptiles found in the Coal measures of 
 Ohio (Diamond bed) was described by Dr. Wyman in Am, 
 Jour. Sci., 1858, p. 11, fig. 1; by Cope in Proc. Acad. N. S., 
 Phila., 1868, p. 220, and in Trans. A. P. S., Phila., XIV, p. 20. 
 The three species are figured in Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, 1875, plates 
 43, 44, 45. 
 
 Monocephalus salteri ? Billings. First placed by Wal- 
 cott (see Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. 1887, Jan p. 16, plate 1, 
 fig. 6) in the Georgian formation because it occurs under the 
 Potsdam and over the Georgian proper. Now that the Oeor- 
 
417 
 
 Mono. 
 
 gian ( Olenellus) zone is placed beneath the Braintree {Para- 
 el oxides) zone as Lovjer Cambrian^ this and certain other tri1o- 
 biles are kept in the Middle Cambrian, (MS. letter, Dec. 
 1888.) — M, C. — See Appendix. 
 
 Monocraterion lesleyi. Prime. Report, Geol. Sur. Penn- 
 
 
 .fH- 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 
 I. i.tA-ir .7 J 
 
 
 -I<c»-'^"**»^ 
 
 4* yTv^r^-<' 
 
 sylvania, in Northampton county, DD, 1878, page 79, 80, plate 
 27 
 
Mono. 
 
 418 
 
 5, fig. 1, cast left by the dissolution of the fossil ; fig. 2, plaster 
 cast of the hole in fig. 1. Fig. 3, a smaller specimen. Fig. 4, 
 a section through the tube of a third specimen. Traces of ten- 
 tacles discernible around the upper edge of the funnel in both 
 specimens. (Figs, natural size.) Found by Ellis Clark, Jr., 
 \ mile northwest of Helfrick's spring, in the bed of Jordan 
 creek, Lehigh county, Pa. Recognized by Dr. Otto Torrell, 
 director of the Geol. Survey of Sweden, as a species of his 
 genus Monocraterion found in a sandstone at Lugnas, W. 
 Gothland, in Cambrian (Harlech or Longmynd) rocks, below 
 the Paradoxides hicksii beds. — (See Acta Univer. Lund. 1869 
 Pet. Suec. Form. Camb. page 13.) — Probably low in Calcifer- 
 ous limestone formation. // a. Found again in 1887 by W. 
 Charles Laubach of Riegelsville, Bucks Co., Pa., in a limestone 
 quarry, three-quarters of a mile northwest of Durham Iron 
 Works ; many specimens. — They are probably worm-burrows 
 made by some animal quite different from the worm which 
 made Scolithus linearis. 
 
 Monomerella newberryi, H. & W. See Appendix. 
 
 Monopteria gibbosa. {Pterineagibhosa^Meek&Woi^ihen.) 
 
 Proc' Chicago A. N. S., 1866, p. 
 20, Illinois Report 1866, Vol. 2, 
 page 340, plate 27, fig. 11) Col- 
 lett's Indiana Rt. 1883, page 
 139, plate 30, figs. 11, 12, natu- 
 ral size., outside and front views 
 of two separate right valves. — 
 XIII. Coal Measures of Galla- 
 
 One very plain example found by Heil- 
 
 prin among the Mill 
 creek limestone speci- 
 mens in Mus. Wj^om- 
 ing Historical Soc. at 
 Wilkesbarre, Pa. — 
 XIII, 1000' up in the 
 Anthracite Coal Meas- 
 itA MONOPTERrA GIBBOSA* ures. See Geol. Pa. 
 An. Kt., Ib85, p. 444, 445, figs. 11, 11 a. 
 Closely allied to M. auricula, Stevens, 
 
 I2i 
 
 ton county, Illinois.— 
 
 n MONOPTERIA GIBBO!J'\. 
 
419 
 
 Mont. 
 
 Am. Jour. Sci. XXV, 265 ; and to Gervillia longispina^ Cox, 
 Kentucky, 8ur, Rt. Ill, p. 568, Heilprin. 
 
 Monticulipora abrupta. See Chaetetes abruptus. VL 
 
 Monticulipora andrewsi. (Nicholson, Structure and aff. 
 
 of Monticulipo- 
 ra, 1881) Col- 
 let t ' s Indiana 
 Report of 1882, 
 page 249, plate 
 XI ^g,d.-{ Cin- 
 cinnati) Hud- 
 son river for- 
 mation, III h. 
 This is supposed 
 ^^p to be the type of 
 M. iihrosa. 
 
 Monticulipora approximata. (Nicholson) Collett's Indi- 
 ana Report of 1882, page 250, plate XI, 
 fig. 6, fragment of corallum. — Hudson 
 river {Cincinnati) formation. I I II), — 
 Nicholson called it Chetetes approxi- 
 matus, in the Quarterly Journal of the 
 Geological Society, London, 1874, on 
 account of its close approximation to the 
 character of the next species, Monti- 
 lnc( J^^^T^W^/ Guliporo dallii. 
 
 Monticulipora dallii. (Edwards & Haime) Collett's In- 
 diana Report of 1882, page 249, plate 
 XI, fig. 2, fragment of coral, show- 
 ing mode of branching, and number 
 and arrangement of projections on 
 its surface. — Hudson river {Cincin- 
 nati) formation. III h. Edward, 
 and Haime called it Chetetes dalli,, in 
 their Polypes fossiles des Terraico 
 palaeozoiques, Paris, 1851. 
 
 ¥ or Monticulipora,^ see D'Orbigny's 
 Prodrome de Palaeontologie, Vol. 1^ 
 PL-XK 1850. 
 
 
Mont. 
 
 420 
 
 Monticululipora discoidea, James. Cat. Lower Silurian 
 
 fossils, 1871. Nicholson, Pal. 
 Ohio, Vol. 2, p. 206, 1875. 
 CoUett's Indiana Report of 
 
 |g^^^^^??Sl^^ jQ mens. Fig. 5, upper side of a 
 
 specimen, enlarged. — Hudson river ( Cincinnati) formation in 
 southern Ohio. /// h. 
 Monticulipora frondosa, D'Orbigny. Collett's Indiana 
 
 Report of 1881, page 380, plate 48, fig. 2, on the surface ol 
 which are the mamilhB or little knobs ; and when broken the 
 slender corallite tubes are seen. Fig. 3 another specimen.— 
 Hudson river {Cincinnati) formation. Illh. 
 Monticulipora gracilis, (James. Nich. Cat. Foss. Cin. 1871) 
 ... -1 1 2 3 11 — CoUett'S Indiana 
 
 ' ' ^ '^ ""^^ ^ Report of 1882, page 
 
 248, plate 10, figs. 1, 
 2, fragments; fig. 3, 
 end of a fragment 
 enlarged ; plate 11, 
 ^^©ffll^ l^^l fiS- 11' ^^® branch. 
 
 — Hudson River {Cincinnati) formMion. Ill I. 
 
421 
 
 Mont. 
 
 V]\ ' 
 
 Monticulipora jamesi, Nicholson, Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, p. 
 
 200, 1875) CoUett's Indiana Report of 1882, 
 page 248, plate xi, fig. 8, a small fragment. 
 — Hudson River ( Cincinnati) formation 
 III h. — Nicholson called it Chetetes jamesi^ 
 in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological 
 Society, London, Vol. 30, 1874. 
 
 Monticulipora lycoperdon. ( Chmtetes lycoperdon, Favos- 
 
 1 a 
 
 ites lycoperdon; H. D. 
 Rogers, page 818, fig. 
 597. Trenton forma- 
 tion, lie, Hall,Pal.N. 
 Y. Vol. 1, 1847, plate 
 24, fig. \a and 1(?, the 
 latter of a specimen 
 
 the base of which is attached to a shell {OrtUs testudinaria) . 
 
 In Penn. seen in colonies in the quarries on the Delaware 
 
 IKl)* ...--»--rT«-=^ ^'^^^^ ^^' Howell's cotton mills, 
 
 Northampton Co. ; sparingly 
 at A. Knecht's, near Stocker- 
 town, close to the Bushkill ; 
 and, with two or three other 
 forms, on Martin-s Creek. F. 
 Prime's Rt. DDD, p. 162, 166. 
 — In Canoe Valley, Hunting- 
 ton Co., found by C. E. Hall in 
 0" A Black river beds ; and in Nit- 
 tany and Kishicoquilis valleys in Trenton beds ; and in Canoe 
 valley in Utica and Loraine shales. Proc. A. P. S. Jan. 5, 
 1876. They crowd some of the Trenton beds. T 3, p. 367. In 
 Be'dford Co., seen by Stevenson in Hudson river beds on 
 Woodbury-Ravers gap road, at C. Miller's. T2, p. 178. — In 
 Centre Co., by Ewing in Trenton, T4^ 424.— Z/c. IIIl. 
 
 The following specimens are in the Survey collections of 1874, 
 5, examined by G. B. Simpson in 1888. (See 00, cat. p. 231.) 
 Spec. 203-2, an interesting slab of Trenton limestone, with (A) 
 the largest spec, in one corner, fairly good to draw ; 203-5 
 (poor) ; 203-7, a slab with four specs, none good; 203-11, 15, 
 20 (all three poor) ; 203-22 (fifteen specimens, of which those 
 
Mont. 
 
 422 
 
 marked A, B, G, will make excellent drawings) ; 203-33 (two 
 poor) ; 203-35, A, large and fair, B, smaller and not so good) ; 
 303-41, A, poor ; 203-42 shows the walls well ; 203-44 B, good 
 illustration of particular phase of growth: 203-45, poor; all 
 these are from the N. side of the creek, ^ m. W. of Bellefonte, 
 Centre Co. — 209-2, a poor slab, merely lithological ; 209-4, 
 shows plainly the structure given in HalFs Pal. Vol. 1, plate 
 21, fig. 1 g. Both these are in Sander's Coll. i m. E. of Fred- 
 ericksburg, Blair Co. in Black River limestone^ II o. — 210-25, 
 5, poor ; 210-28 ; 210-45, poor, but shows fragments of interior 
 tubes ; 210-49, poor, weathered ; 210-55, shows very good sur- 
 face ; 220-63, excellent surface ; 210-64, very good epitheca 
 exhibition ; 210-65, hemisphericas in good condition ; 210-67 h 
 (three spec.) ; 210-69 5, very good epitheca ; 210-71, fair show 
 of masses exhibiting the tubes ; 210-71, fair epitheca; 210-72, 
 ditto ; 210-87, fair ; 210-96 ; 210-100, doubtful ; 210-101, very 
 poor ; 210-105 three fair sections ; 210-109, good section ; 210- 
 112, poor show of interior tubes ; 210-118, a slab showing in- 
 terior of several individuals, and the tubes more or less, but in 
 poor condition ; 210-132, very poor ; 210-153 ; all collected by 
 Fellows, 1876, at Bellefonte, in Trenton U7nestone, II c. 
 
 Monticulipora mammillata. d'Orbigny. Collett's 1832, 
 
 plate xi, fig. 1, a fragment. — Hudson 
 River. I III), 
 
 Monticulipora pulchella. Spec. 
 203-18 (00 p. 231) in C. E. Hall's collec- 
 tion at Bellefonte, in Trenton II g.\ 210- 
 62 (^, at Bellefonte ; spec. 211-9 (twenty- 
 XlrlT'^BP^ five examples) on the Little Juniata, 
 above Tyrone forges, Pa., all in Trenton strata^ II c. 
 
 Monticulipora tuberculata, (Edwards & B[aime,Pal. Fbss. 
 
 ll'Pfe^*«^'^^---st:v ".»^..^ desTerres Pal. 1851) Collett's 
 
 .. -.-J^^t^cjrt^^^igg^f:^: 
 
 ■mmm::mS0W^i\ Indiana Report of 1882, pa2;e 
 ^^^^S^SSSISXS^SM. 251, plate 10, fig. 6, specimen 
 
 ^**p^i^-'^>i'^^ (natural size) attached to 
 
 piece of Orthoceras. — Hudson 
 River ( Cincinnati) formation. 
 Ill h. — Called Chetetes tuher- 
 culatus. 
 
 IticI. IS82. T.6. 
 
423 
 
 Mont. 
 
 Monticulipora ulrichi. (Nicholson, Structure & AfF. of 
 
 Mont. 1881) Oollett's Indiana Report of 
 1882, page 249, plate xi, fig. 10, a small 
 fragment. — Hudson River ( Ginoinnati) 
 formation, Illh.—S. A. Miller remarks 
 here that he showed in Jour. Cin. Soc. 
 N. H., Vol. 5, that Nicholson's six sub- 
 7^,155;^, ^'"^^^^PXl ^£^?igr^ are of very little value. 
 Monticulipora corals of undetermined species figured in 
 
 Ool- 
 lett's 
 Indiana 
 Rep o r t 
 of 1882 
 (Van 
 Clove's 
 Corals) 
 plate xi, 
 figs. 3, 4, 
 5, 7, 12, 
 all nat- 
 ural 
 5^^6,and 
 13, en- 
 larged. 
 In Hud- 
 son Riv, 
 ( Cincin- 
 nati), 
 
 Monticulipora 
 
 Illh. 
 PI. XI. 
 ? in the Lower Carboniferous rocks of 
 Fayette and Westmoreland Cos., Pa., in the gaps of the Cone- 
 maugh, Loyalhanna and Youghiogheny rivers. Stevenson, 
 KKK, p. 310.— X, XL 
 
 Mormolucoides articulatus. Hitchcock. A grub found 
 f Tr. , ^^^^.^...^^^^ ^ _ in the Connecticut valley sand- 
 
 stone strata, and therefore to 
 be sought for in our red shales 
 of Bucks, Montgomery, Lan- 
 
Mud. 
 
 424 
 
 caster, York and Adams counties. Figure taken from Zittel's 
 Handbuch, Vol. 3, p. 776, fig. 980, enlarged three-fold, — Trias 
 formation. 
 
 Mud flow, fossilized.^ Owen, Geol. of Wisconsin, Iowa and 
 Minn. 1852, plate 1, fig. 1, a medal ruled relief picture of the 
 surface of a slab of argillacious grit ; relief from quarter to 
 half an inch ; not like any ripple markings on a shore ; rock 
 resembles volcanic grit ; suggests volcanic mud descending a 
 hillside from a fumarole. Red sandstone of the shore of Lake 
 Superior. Cambrian ? — The Portage flags in New York and 
 in Pennsylvania show an abundance of mud flow surfaces which 
 cannot be ascribed to any volcanic action, and therefore it 
 seems needless to seek such an origin for those of Cambi'ian 
 age, Q4, p. 119. — In Bedford Co., Pa., mud flow casts are num- 
 erous on nonfossiliferous olive Chemuny flags,, in King town- 
 ship, Imlers cross roads. Stevenson, T2, p. 133. — In Hunt- 
 ingdon Co. they appear on the flags {Portage?) exposed be- 
 low Huntingdon, Oeds No. 63 of the Pa. R. R. cut section, with 
 fucoides graphica, I. C. White, T3, p. 265.— VIII f, g, 
 
 Murchisonia abbreviata, Hall. Pal. New York, Vol. 1, 
 He. y^iL 1847. Ghazy group. — Emmons, Am. Geol. Vol. 
 1, part 1, 1855, p. 162, plate 4, fig. 11, llc\ rare 
 in the Birdh eye limestone of N. Y. Emmons. — 
 S. A. Miller's Oat says that Hall's name was 
 PI 4 preoccupied by DeKoninck in 1841. 
 Murchisonia angustata, Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847. 
 Bird'^s eye limestone lie. Recognized byC. E, Hall in the col- 
 lections of 1875 in the Kishicoquilis Valley, Mifflin Co., Pa. 
 BlacJcriver limestone lie, — See Appendix. 
 Murchisonia anna, Billings. Can. Nat. and Geol. Vol. 4, 
 
 ^^ 1853. Geol. of Canada, 1863, 
 page 119, fig. 32 a; figs. J, c, 
 d^ 6, /*, are five small speci- 
 mens supposed to be of the 
 same species. Calciferous 
 ^^^^ sandstone,^ Ila, 
 
 £m.A.G: 
 
 l/d 
 
 <0 -^^ 
 
 . Cdr/. 
 
 * For figures see page 435. — See also Hall's excellent wood 
 cut in Geol. N. Y. 1843, page 233, fig. 101, which will be repro- 
 duced in the Appendix. 
 
425 
 
 lliji). 
 
MURC. 
 
 426 
 
 Murchisonia arachne, Billings. Geology of Canada, 
 llr. ^^m^^. 94 1863, page 145, figure 94. Trenton group^ 
 
 Cdn /863 
 
 Murchisonia arenaria, Billings, Canadian Naturalist, and 
 
 lid .^'^^^^m^^^l^^^^^''^^ arenaria (Billings) Geologist, Vol. 4, 1859. 
 
 Geology of Canada, 
 1863, page 120, fig. 33. 
 Calciferous sandstone^ 
 —lla. 
 
 Geo/ Can 
 
 Murchisonia attenuata (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst. Vol. 4, 
 )(1. ,3. page 27, 1856 ;— Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. 
 
 ,,, Mus. Nat. Hist. N. Y. p. 88, plate 9, fig. 13, 
 i^ 1882). Collett's Indiana Report, 1883, page 
 }nci,l3V^ 31, %m, plate 32, fig. IZ, enlarged six times, 
 type specimen imperfect, from the Subcarboniferous of Sper- 
 genHill. Ind.— X/. 
 
 Murchisonia bellicincta, Hall. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, 
 1 1 \ ^^^K w^^ ^^^^ identifies Emmons' Pleuroto- 
 II.O. ^.^^ ^^^^^ ?inGeol. 2d. Dist. N.Y.I 842, 
 
 page 396, fig. 107, 6, from the Trenton 
 formation ; but finds the same in the 
 p jA7 g '^^^ Hudson River formation. lie, III I. 
 
 ^'^n-'chisonia bellicincta. (Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 1, 1847, 
 
 Trenton and Hud. Kiv. 
 groups.) Emmons, Amer. 
 Geol. 1855, Vol. 1, ii, p. 162, 
 plate 5, figs. 12, Via, 125 (see 
 also fig. 12, and fig. 16.) 
 Shell ornamented by flat 
 ^ A ^— >^^iit*:j™f -^^K spiral band in center, and 
 
427 
 
 MURC. 
 
 Murchisonia hdiicincta traversed lenghthwise with 
 
 zigzag scratches, angulated 
 at the the band. — lie, usually 
 in casts, and common in 
 the Trenton limestone in Jeff. 
 Co., N. J. Emmons. — HIS. 
 Hud. Riv. also. Hall. — A fig- 
 /^^J ure is added, to show the 
 size, from Owen's Geology of Wis. Iowa and Min. 1852, pi. 2, 
 
 Ow. M. b. 
 
 II,c 
 
 fig 8, a cast from Turkey river. Iowa. 
 
 Murchisonia lidnGta, See Murchisonia milleri. 
 and III,b. 
 
 Murchisonia bivittata, Hall. Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, 1852 
 i/b o^o Tijr i- • /.• w, * ,TT TIN Geol. Canada 
 
 f ^ 343. — Murchisonia bivittata ^Haln. 
 
 1863, page 339, 
 
 . — ,. fig. 343. Guelph^ 
 
 iJ->'' or Gait forma- 
 
 i{^6>^,immediately 
 
 Geo/.cm':^,...^'*''* ^BS3 overlying the 
 
 Niagara limestone, Vh', 
 Murchisonia boydii, {Loxonema loydii.) Hall's Geol. 4th. 
 
 ^^ ^' C .-^^^^^^ District, N. Y. 
 
 Murchisonia Boy dii, ^" /^^^^^^^^^^ji^^^ 1843 "DafiCe 137 
 
 ^i..j4,3 formation 
 
 Guelph formation) Vg. A cast of the 
 shell, with a little of the shell itself 
 
 .1/6 
 
 Geol Cdn. 
 
 1865 
 
MURC. 
 
 428 
 
 preserved, showing the characteristic generic arched or undu- 
 lating strias. Specimen found near Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y., 
 but not yet in Pennsylvania Salina rochs^ Vc. 
 
 Murchisonia ? confusa. Whitfield. Ila, See Appendix, 
 
 MurcUsonia conula. See Pleurotomaria conula. XI. 
 
 Murchisonia desiderata, Hall. 15th Annual Report, N Y., 
 
 Wl a 
 
 :fj? 
 
 1862,page 50,plate 4,fig. 12. 
 — Upper Heldevlerg for- 
 mation^ VIII a. Concen- 
 tric striae on the surface 
 ^r^m^^ .. r aised in little bundles (f as- 
 
 Piall/S^' ^^'^' cicles), bending backward 
 gently from the sutare,reach the flattened spiral band. This shell, 
 living with M. maia, and M, leda, differs by its greater length 
 of volutions and flattening on the upper side. Upper Held- 
 Corniferous limestone at the falls of the Ohio. Probably some 
 of the many New' York casts were made by it (Hall) . — Villa* 
 Murchisonia elegantula. See Pleurotomaria elegantula. 
 Suhcarhoniferous. XI 
 Murchisonia gracilens. Whitfield Ila, See Appendix. 
 
 Murchisonia gracilis ? What Emmons calls a Pleuroto- 
 
 ^^g*;^^ maria, in his Report on the second Dis- 
 
 Hrb«^^.^..'^^^« trict of New York, 1842, page 404, fig. 
 
 ^^3^^^^^^^^ 113, 3, from the loraine {Hudson River) 
 
 Murchisonia gracilis. (H. D. Rogers, Geol. Pa., 1858, page 
 
 jri.b.-^^r-v- --^^ ^^^- ^^ figure.) Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol.1, 
 
 1847, pi. 39, fig. 4 5, Hudson river. Geol. 
 Canada, 1863, p. 183, fig. 178. Trenton for- 
 x^^ mation^ lie. In Huntingdon Co., Pa., it is 
 
 Hall Vol. Lot.39.f!^,il..b. occasionally found in some of the Trenton 
 
 P/, heds on 
 
 'the Lit- 
 tle Ju- 
 niata. 
 
 Hall, T3, p. 367. In Centre Co., Ewing (T4, 424, 427), reports 
 it from both the Trenton limestone and loraine shale. lie, 
 
 V* f^ 
 
 actii. 
 
429 
 
 MURC. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Da/y 
 
 Illh.—See specimens (three) 210-47 (00, p. 232) of doubtful 
 
 species, much worn and unsatisfactory, in Fellows' collections 
 
 at Bellefonte. Trenton limestone^ lie, 
 Murchisonia gypsea, Dawson. Acad. GeoL, 1868, p. 310, 
 _^^^23 fig. 123, a cast of a shell like, but larger than, M, 
 ^^""A nana^ De Kon. and with only two revolving ridges 
 
 on the whorls. Carl, lime, of Windsor, N. 8.— XI? 
 
 Murchisonia insculpta. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst., Vol. 4, 
 1856.— Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
 N. Y., 1882, page 85, plate 9, fig. 18). Collett's 
 Indiana Rt., 1882, page 359, plate 32, fig. 18, 
 Iw^ Jj? '^^9'^^^^^foy^Ttimes. 'Resembles Murch, (Pleu- 
 rotomaria) conula^ with some difi'erences. In 
 some specimens with single volutions, the strong nodes are the 
 characteristic feature. Some show cross striae. — Subcar- 
 honiferous. SpergenHill, &c.,Ind. X/.— Note. All these Sper- 
 gen Hill forms were drawn and described in the Museum of the 
 Central Park at New York, and although copied from the Indi- 
 ana report, should be credited to the Museum. (Whitfield's 
 MS. letter, Jan., 1889.) 
 Murchisonia leda, Hall. 14th An. Kt., N. Y., 1861, p. 103 ; 
 
 15th An. Kt., 1862, plate 4, fig. lO^—JJp^er 
 Helderherg formation^ YIIIc. 
 
 Murchisonia linearis, Billings. Can. Nat. and Geol., Vol. 
 
 '//d. Murchisonia linearis (BillinpTs) 4, 1859, Calciferous Sandstone 
 
 formation. GeoL Canada, 1863, 
 
 Geof.Cdn. 
 
 3 J, page 119, fig. 31. — II a, 
 Murchisonia macrospira, Hall. Pal New York, Vol. 
 
 macrospira (Hall). 
 
 GboJCsh 
 
 /ass 
 
 2, 1852, p. 346, pi. 
 83, f. 5. QuelpTi for- 
 mation. Geology of 
 Canada, 1863, p. 339 
 fig. 344.— Vl\ — 
 Hall's fig. is a mould 
 of 4 whorls, with 
 strong keel and a 
 canal on the last. 
 
MURC. 
 
 430 
 
 Murchisonia maia, Hall. 14th Annual Report of New 
 
 h plate 4, fig. 11. — Upper Helderlerg for- 
 mation^ Villa. 
 
 Murchisonia milleri. ( M. hicincta. ) Rogers' Geology of 
 CO Pennsylvania, 1858, page 817, fig. 593 Tren- 
 5^ ton & Loraine formations. (Hall, Pal. N. 
 Y. Vol. 1, 1847. First name pre- occupied by 
 McCoy in 1844.)— //c, /// 6. 
 
 Murchisonia obsoleta. See Appendix, 
 
 Murchisonia serrulata, Salter. Cana- 
 dian Organic Remains, Decade 1, 1859, Black 
 River formation. Geol. Can. 1863, page 145, 
 fig. m.—IIc. 
 
 Murchisonia terebriformis. (Hall. Trans. Alb. Inst. 
 
 Ind.mz 
 
 1856, Vol. 4. Whitfield Bull. 3, Amer. 
 Mus. Nat. Hist. 1882, plate 3, figs. 15, 16) 
 Collett's Indiana Rt. 1883, page 362, plate 
 32, fig. 15, enlarged twiee^ type specimen ; 
 fig. 15, last volution still further enlarged. 
 — Subcarhoniferous. — XI. 
 
 Murchisonia turricula. Billings, Rt. of Progress, Can- 
 ada, 1857, Middle Silurian. Hall, 15th 
 Annual Report New York, 1862, page 50, 
 plate 4, fig. 13, much enlarged. Surface 
 marked by strong concentric raised striae 
 above the band, and lower striae below it. Suture line deep, 
 and continued beyond the edge of the lip in a slender spiral 
 line. Length only \ inch. Like M. desiderata^ but whorls 
 more angular, suture deeper, striae stronger. Hamilton., VIII c. 
 
 Murchisonia turritella. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst., 1856, 
 '^j Vol. 4.— Whitfield, Bull, 3, 1882, plate 9, fig'. 
 
 12.) CoUett's Indiana Report of 1882, page 
 361, plate 32, fig. 12, enlarged twice. Spergen 
 IncL iSn . ^ Hill, Indiana. Subcarloniferous. XI 
 
 H. /^?/ 
 
 pLU- 
 
431 
 
 MURC. 
 
 'net, /^ffZ 
 
 Murchisonia vermicula. (Hall, Trans. Alb. Inst., 1856, 
 
 Vol. 4.— Whitfield, Bull. 3, Am. Mns. N. H. N. 
 
 Y., 1882, plate 9, fig. 11.) Collet's Indiana Re- 
 
 y^- port of 1882, page 361, plate 32, fig. 11, enlarged 
 
 Hve times. Subcarboniferous. XL 
 
 Murchisonia vesta. Billings, Pal. Foss., Vol. 1, 1862. 
 
 Murchisonia Vetfa, Calciferous sandstone. Geology 
 
 2801 of Canada, 1863, page 276, fig, 280. 
 
 Quebec group. II a. 
 
 Geo/ ^^^ /863 , 
 
 Murchisonia vincta. (loxonema vincta. Hall, Trans. 
 X l^^*'^W^3j.,r^s^ ^^b. Inst., Vol. 4, 1856. — Mureh. vincta., 
 ^^' i'.V;. 1S\!\ Whitfield, Bull. 3, 1882, plate 9, fig. 14.) 
 
 %-i 
 
 ^ISP^^^ Collett's Indiana Survey Rt., 1882, page 
 fndj^^n. 32 363, plate 32, fig. 14, enlarged twice, most 
 perfect type specimen. — Subcarhoniferous. XI. 
 
 Murchisonia ? See Claypole's collection, specimen 
 
 X-13 from quarry near McArnold's, 1 m. W. of New Bloom- 
 field, in Hamilton upper shales., VIII c. Also X-19, in N. 
 Bloom, same, VIII c. Also X-14 (eight specimens. Limestone 
 ridge ^ m. N. W. of N. Bloom, same, VIII c. 
 
 Murchisonia ? With Calymene., Claypole's Spec. 24, 
 
 from Thunder hill, Honey creek station, near Lewistown, in 
 Hudson river sJiale., Illb. 
 
 Mya arenaria, Linnasus. Geology of Canada, 1863, page 
 
 963, fig. 
 
 475, left 
 
 valve ; a, 
 
 portion 
 
 of the 
 
 hinge. 
 
 Found 
 
 in the 
 
 Charri' 
 
 plain 
 
 clay of 
 
 Canada 
 /863 pp. 
 
 475. — ikf.— arenaria ^Liiin.') 
 
 6^eo/ Can 
 
Mya 
 
 432 
 
 Mya truncata, Linneus, Dawson's Acadian Geology, 1868, 
 
 pp ^^.e^m^ 4^4^p. 74, fig. 17. 
 
 Geol. Can- 
 ada, 1863, fig. 
 474, left 
 valve. — 
 Chamjglain 
 _ clay. PP. 
 
 Myalina recurvirostris. (Meek and Worthen. Illinois 
 
 Geol. Keports,Vol. 
 2, 1866, page 344, 
 plate 27, fig. 9.) 
 Collett's Indiana 
 Geological Report 
 of 1883, page 140, 
 plate 29, fig. 3, out- 
 side of left valve, 
 natural size ; fig. 
 4, inside of same 
 left valve. — TJ. 
 Coal Measures, 
 iTid. ^'^^a^iSSS ^^i^^^Pl. 25 XT. 
 Myalina subquadrata. (Shumard ; in Swallow's Missouri 
 
433 
 
 Mya 
 
 n Z9. 
 
 (leol. Report, page 307, plate C, fig. 17.) Collett's Indiana 
 Geol. Eeport for 1883, page 140, plate 29, fig. 1, out side of 
 right valve, with unusually narrow base, natural size ; fig. 2, 
 in side of same YB,\Ye,— JJpper Coal Measures in Knox, Gibson 
 and Posey counties, Ind.—XF:— Recognized as several frag- 
 mentary casts and impressions, by Heilprin among the fossils 
 in the Mus. Wyoming Hist. Soc. at Wilkes-Barre, from the Mill 
 Creek limestone, 1,000' above the base of the Anthracite Coal 
 28 
 
Myal. 
 
 434 
 
 Measures. Geol. Survey of Penna. Annual Report for 1885, 
 pp. 446, 454, figs. 15, 15 K,—XIIL 
 
 Myalina (?) s^^allovi (McOhesney. New Palaeozoic Fossils, 
 
 (». ^^n i5 ..^^ 1860, page 57.) CoUett's In- 
 
 diana Report for 1883, page 
 141 plate 30, fig. 6, natitral 
 size, outside of left valve; 
 fig. 7, outside of right valve ; 
 fig. 8, back of another speci- 
 inA. IS33« rl.oU. j32en. — Upper Coal Measures^ 
 
 characteristic shell in all the States of the Mississippi Valley. 
 Found in three counties of Indiana, at coal bed M. — XV. 
 
 Myalina 
 
 ? in Fayette and Westmoreland gaps; Stev 
 
 enson, KKK, 311 ; Lower Carboniferous^ X, XI, 
 
 Myalina ? on the Monongahela river, Morgantown, 
 
 W. Va. ; (Stevenson, L, 37) ; in Decker'^ 8 creek shale under Ma- 
 honing sandstone, XIII, 
 
 Myalina ? in Fayette Co., Pa. (L, 36) in Crinoidal 
 
 limestone, 250' beneath Pittsburgh coal bed. XIV. 
 
 Mycterops ordinatus, Cope. American Naturalist, Dec. 
 
 1886, page 1029, fig. 
 1, and Oct. 1888, page 
 876, plate 15, fig. 3, a 
 cast of the cranial and 
 nuchal buckler of a 
 fish - like vertebrate 
 animal of the Coal 
 Measures of Pennsyl- 
 vania, in the cabinet 
 of Mr. R. D. Lacoe of 
 Pittston, Luzerne Co., 
 Pa, allied to, but 
 different from the 
 species of the older 
 ( Devonian ) families 
 of Pterichthys^ Cep- 
 halaspis.) Bothriole- 
 pis, Holopty chins ^Qto^. 
 
 Am: 
 
 Wat 
 
435 
 
 Myla. 
 
 (•ombining as it does the eyeholes of Cephalaspis with a nosehole 
 of Bothriolepis between the eyeholes, and divided into two by 
 a narrow^ bridge. — XIII. Note. Prof. Cope was good enough 
 to send me this figure to insert here. On the same pages of 
 the Am. Naturalist the reader may find a figure of Whiteaves' 
 Bothriolepis canadensis for comparison. 
 
 Mylacris anthracophilum.* Scudder. A cockroach wing 
 
 yj f f .ujsjj'! " mKix^^^m m mmmM.^ ^^ ^^^ Ooal ago, found in the 
 
 Illinois Mazon Creek coal mea- 
 sure nodules at Colchester. 
 Geol. Surv. 111. Vol. 3, 1868, p. 
 368-570, f. 5, 6. ZittePs Hand- 
 buch der Palaeontologie, 1885, 
 Vol. 2, p. 754, fig. 930, natural 
 Fi« 930. gi2e. (Compare Lithomyla- 
 
 crisangustum,* Scudder,from Pittston,Pa.) — Coalmeasures, 
 
 XIII 
 
 Mylacris antiquum,* Scudder. An insect from Mazon 
 Creek, 111. Mem. Boston S. N. H., Vol. 3, 1884, p. 300. In Lacoe's 
 collection at Pittston, Pa. Coal ineasures^ XIII 
 
 Mylacris bretonense,"^ Scud. {Blattina hretonense. Scud 
 Ganad. Nat. [2] Vol. 7, p. 271, fig. 1) Mem. Post. S. N. H. 
 Vol. 3, 1879, p. 41, pi. 5, fig. 1. From the Coal measures of 
 Sydney, C. Breton.— X///.^ 
 
 Mylacris carbonum. Scudder. Mem. Bost. S. N. H., Vol. 
 3, 1884. p. 304, pi. 27, fig. 6, 7, 10. An insect from the anthrix- 
 cite coal measures at Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne Co., Pa , and Can- 
 nelton, Beaver Co., Pa. Lacoe's collection. — XIII? — See Ap- 
 pendix^ 
 
 Mylacris heeri, Scudder. Mem. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 
 1879, p. 43, pi. 5, fig. 11. From the Coal measures of Sydney, 
 C. Breton.— X///.^ 
 
 Mylacris lucifugum.* Scudder. Bost. S. N. H., Mem. 
 Vol. 3, 1879, p. 43, pi. 5, fig. 11. Another insect from Port 
 Griffith near Pittston, Pa. Lacoe's collection. — XIII — See 
 Appendix, 
 
 * S. A. Miller's Cat. makes t\n^ feminine. 
 
Myla. 
 
 436 
 
 Mylacris mansfleldi. Scudder. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. 
 
 xm . 
 
 Scudder, 1^79. 
 
 Hist. Vol. 3, 1879, pi. 5, fig. 15, found by Mr. Mansfield in his 
 Darlington {Kittanning) coal roof shales at Cannelton, Beaver 
 Co., Pa. ; in the Lacoe collection at Pittston. — XIIL 
 
 Mylacris ovale. Scudder. Mem. Bost. S. N. H., 1884, p. 
 308, pi. 37, f. 5. Cannelton. — XIIL — See Appendix^ 
 
 Mylacris pennsylvanicum. Scudder, Mem. B. S. N. H. 
 
 1879, pi. 5, 
 
 ^V.\l-^ ^"^ .-<£Cr:^.. . fl3, 14, an 
 
 i n s e c t' s 
 wing from 
 Kittanning 
 (Darling- 
 ton cannel 
 coal) bed 
 
 roof shales, found by Mr. Mansfield ; now in the collection o^ 
 Mr. Lacoe, at Pittston, Luzerne Co., Pa. — XIIL 
 
 Mylacris priscovolans. Mem. Bost. S. N. H. 1884, p. 307, 
 pi. 27, f. 9, Scudder. Cannelton. — XIII — See Appendix. 
 
 Mylodon ? harlani, Owen, a gigantic extinct Sloth^ the 
 claws of which were found by C. M. Wheatley in the Port 
 Kennedy cave (in Potsdam SS.) Chester Co., Pa. See Cope's 
 list, Proc. A. P. S. Phila. 1871, p. 85. 
 
 Mytilarca chemungensis, ( Inoceramus chemungensis^Qon- 
 rad Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8, 1842, Chemung ;) found 
 by Stevenson in the gaps of the Conemaugh and Youghiogheny, 
 S. W. Pa. KKK, p. 311, in Devonian strata brought up on the 
 anticlinal axes. Specimens 855-226, 856-11 (two) in Sherwood's 
 
 StVi(LA819. 
 
 PLSJ-I^-^' 
 
437 
 
 Myti. 
 
 coll. in Sullivan and Olymer townships, Tioga Co., Pa., and 872- 
 45b, Tioga Co., N. Y. VIII g.— See Appendix. 
 
 Mytilarca damnoniensis {Lwceramus damnoniensis) ; 
 characteristic of the Chemung; found in Blair Co. Pa. Report 
 T, 29. Ylllg. — See Appendix. 
 
 Mytilarca occidentalis {Mytilus occidentalis, White vV 
 Whitfield, Proc. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 8, 1862, Kinderliook lime- 
 stone of the West.) Recognized by C. E. Hall in Carll's Collect, 
 of 1875, in N. W. Penna. in Chemung upper strata. VIII— 
 /X— See Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4, pi. 33, fig. 3.— See Cat. 00 p. 
 236; Spec. 852-4 (fair example); 855-36 (doubtful); 8.5-39 
 (possibly a new species) ; 856-11 (doubtful species) ; all from 
 Sherwood's collections in Tioga Co. Pa. — Spec. 869-14, from 
 LeBoeufF's quarry in Panama Conglomerate, Erie Co. Pa. — 
 Spec. 872.39 a (doubtful species) Howell's coll. at Nichols, 
 Tioga Co. N. Y.~ Vlll-IXf—See Appendix. 
 
 Mytilarca sigilla, Hall. 28th Report N. Y. Museum, 1876, 
 Doc. Ed. pi. 28, fig. 10. Copied into Collett's Indiana 
 report of 1881, p. 316, plate 28, f. 10, cast of the in- 
 terior of a small right valve ; Surface markings un- 
 known. — Niagara formation., Vb. — {Mytilarca 
 •5. Sigillum., Hall.) 
 
 Mytilops metella. See Modiola metella. InthePenn. Geol. 
 Sur. Coll. specimens 850-19 in Sherwood's coll. at Lawrence- 
 ville, Tioga Co., Pa. and 9622 in Randall's coll. at Warren, Pa. 
 both in Chemung, or Chemung- Catskill, VIII~IX. 
 
 Mytilops prsecedens, recognized by G. B. Simpson in 
 specimens 9498, 9570, 9622 of Randall's collections at Warren. 
 Chemung- Catskill.^ VIII-IX. — See Appendix. 
 
 Mytilus edulis, Linn. Dawson's Acadian Geology, 1868, p 
 
 477^4, fig. 13, 
 over boulder 
 clay at St. 
 John, and in 
 leda clay 
 
 oav/ ^^-^ - CeaJ c^n^^^^SBS^^ /S63 & Saxicava 
 
 sand. Canada, Geol. Can., 1863, page 963, fig. 477. — PP. 
 
 End of Vol. h 
 
 PF 
 
EKRATA FOR VOL. I. 
 
 The following corrections and additions have been kindly sent to me on 
 returned duplicate sheets of this volume as it passed through the press. 
 They are here printed in a form which will allow those who value them as 
 highly as I do, to cut them apart and paste them upon the pages where they 
 belong. Typographical errors of no importance may be neglected ; but no 
 scientific mistake should be allowed to stand in print uncorrected wdien a 
 correction of it has been obtained. I take this occasion to express my grati_ 
 tude to my correspondents, all and singly. It will be seen that I have 
 availed myself of every emendation, or expression of opinion, made to me, 
 adding the initials of the annotator, as follows : 
 
 J. D. D. Dana, Prof. J. D. — of New Haven. 
 
 J. W. D. Dawson, Sir James W. — of Montreal. 
 
 E. W. C. Claypole, Prof. E. W.— of Akron, Ohio. 
 
 -T. C. Collett, Dr. John — of Indianapolis. 
 
 E. D. C. Cope, Prof. E. D.— of Philadelphia. 
 
 W. M. F. Fontaine, Prof. W. M. — University of Va. 
 
 J. H. Hall, Prof. James. — of Albany, N. Y. 
 
 C. H. H. Hitchcock, Prof. C. H.— of Hanover, N. H. 
 
 G. H. H. Horn, Dr. Geo. H.— of miiladelphia. 
 
 J. F. J. James, Jos. F. — of Washington, D. C. 
 
 R. D. L. Lacoe, Mr. R. D.— of Pittston, Pa. 
 
 J. L. Leidy, Dr. Jos. — of Philadelphia. 
 
 L. L. Lesquereux, Dr. Leo.— 'Of Columbus, O. 
 
 G. F. M. Matthew, Mr. G. F.— of St. John, N. B. 
 
 S. A. M. Miller, Mr. Sam. A.— of Cincinnati, O. 
 
 J. S. N. New^berry, Prof. J. S.— of Columbia Coll, N. Y. 
 
 J. M. S. Safford, Prof. J. M.— of Nashville. 
 
 S. H. S. Scudder, Mr. S. H.— of Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 J. J. S. Stevenson, Prof. J. J. — Univ. City of New York. 
 
 A. W. V. Vogdes, Lieut. A. W.— Fort Hamilton, N. Y. 
 
 C. D. W. Walcott, Mr. C. D.— U. S. G. S., Washington. 
 
 I. C. W. White, Prof. I. C— Morgantown, W. Va. 
 
 R. P. W. Whitfield, Prof. R. P.— Amer. Mus. New York. 
 
 H. S. W. Williams, Prof H. S.— of Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 A. W. Winchell, Prof Alex. — of Ann Arbor, Mich, 
 
 N. H. W. Winchell, Prof. N. H.— Minneapolis. 
 
 Note, The first figure indicates the Page : the second^ the Line, 
 
 1, 1. Acantherpestes major. (Meek & Worthen) Scudder. Mem. Bost. 
 Soc. N. Hist. Vol. 3, 1882, p. 150—156, pi. 11, fig. 1—4, 6—8, 10, 11. Amer. J. 
 S. Vol. 40, p. 25. Geol. Sur. 111. Vol. 3, p. 558. In Lacoe's collection at Pitts 
 ton, Pa. 
 
 i 
 
-*■? 
 
 1. 
 
 ') 
 
 2. 
 
 ^1 
 
 6. 
 
 ^y 
 
 11. 
 
 ^? 
 
 18. 
 
 2, 
 
 15. 
 
 o 
 
 30. 
 
 3, 
 
 1. 
 
 4, 
 
 3. 
 
 4, 
 
 25. 
 
 11 
 
 I^rase caterpillar. 
 
 Read Myriapod. 
 
 Read Handbuch. 
 
 ¥oY belly reakd segments. (J. H.) 
 
 For baggy ^ a better word is spiny, (S. H. S.) — Insert '' probably" 
 after " some," since there are no known aquatic myriapods (J. 
 L.) 
 
 Read aiitennw. 
 
 Acanthotelson stimpsoni is classed by Packard, Mem. Nat. Acad 
 Sci. Vol. 3, 1887, p. 124, as the young of A. event. (A. W. V.) 
 
 Insert AeervuUiria com munis, n. sp. See Appendix. 
 
 24. Read, Oneidaense. 
 
 Better figures of Acrothele matthewi will be found, with fall de- 
 scriptions in articles on Fauna of St. John Group. Note. — This 
 group is not equivalent to Menevian alone, but contains faunas 
 of Soloa, Menevian, and both Lower and Upper Lingula flags 
 of Great Britain. (G. F. M.) 
 
 4, 38, over Actiiioceras insert Acrotreta, an important genus of the 
 
 Cambrian. (G. F. M. ) See Appendix. 
 
 5, 1. For Actinodesma, read Glyptodesma. (J. H.) 
 5, 11. Read Catskill. 
 
 5, 35. Read Clay pole's. 
 6,14. Readboyai. (J. H.) 
 
 6, 41. Insert Actlnopteria emacerata. See Appendix. 
 
 7, 11. Erase the note ; for L. per str talis is a brachiopod. (J. H ; A. W.) 
 7, 20. For Actinopteria, read liciopteria. (J. H.) 
 
 7, 31. For Noggerathia bockschian (properly Noeggeratliia bock- 
 
 schlaua) read Archeeopteriiss bockscbiana. (L. L. and R. D 
 L.; 
 
 7,32. Adaphlebia lacoaiia, Scudder. A hexapod insect (cockroach), 
 from Mazon Creek, 111. Mem. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1835, p. 345, 
 pi. 32, fig. 6. Coal measures, XIII. 
 Aeihophlebia singularis, Scudder. A hexapod insect (cock- 
 roach), from Mazon Creek, III. Mem. Bost. N. H. S. vol. 3, 1835, 
 p. 338, plate 31, fig. 9. Goal measures, XIII. 
 
 7,32. Insert White after spria^eri. (J. H.) 
 
 8, 8. Erase corals (J. H. and J. M. S.) 
 8. 13. Read 1887. 
 
 8, 14. Agnostls acadicusand A. eambrensis (lim^bati) belong to the same 
 group of Agnosti ; but A. brevi/rons, Angelin, belongs to the 
 quite different group of B rev i/ontes ; and A. inter str ictus, appar- 
 ently, to a third group, that of the Longifrontes. See Tulberg's 
 essay on the Agnosti. (G. F. M.) 
 
 8, 21. For L and Lower, read M. and Middle. See foot note to p. 134. (C, 
 D. W.) 
 
 8, 23. For E. read G. 
 
 8, 24. Read Angelin. 
 
 8, 25. Read integer. 
 
 8, 26. Read Baar. 
 
 8, 35. For M. and Middle, read L. and Lower (C. D. W.) 
 
 8, 38. For Oboletla coelata, read Lingulella ccclata. (J. H. ) 
 
9, 
 
 15. 
 
 9, 
 
 18. 
 
 9, 
 
 25. 
 
 9, 
 
 33. 
 
 9, 
 
 37. 
 
 10, 
 
 2. 
 
 10, 
 
 6. 
 
 10,. 
 
 19. 
 
 10, 
 
 38. 
 
 11, 
 
 1. 
 
 11, 
 
 2. 
 
 Ill 
 
 8, 32. Agnostus nobilis is referred now to Lower Cambrian, since the 
 
 discoveries of Schmidt in Russia, and Walcott in America. (G. 
 
 F. M.) 
 For L. and Lower, read M. and Middle. (C. D. W.) 
 For Sp. cinciiiiiaticum, Claypole would read ciiicinnatiense. 
 coxana^ and (27) Uevis, names abandoned. (R. D. L.) coxana, 
 
 now owenii. (L. L. ) 
 Read virginiayia. 
 Read Sphenopteris. 
 Sidlivanti is not an Alet^iopteris, but a Callipteris, or Callipteri- 
 
 dium (L. L.) 
 Read virginiana. 
 For 500 read 900. (L C. W.) 
 Add : very abundant over tlie Sliaron coal bed in Summit co., Oliio. 
 
 (E. W. C.) 
 Read lonchitica^ Schlot 
 
 Erase " 1824. Flora der Vorwelt, adders tongue fern" for reasons 
 given in L. Lesquereux's MS. letter of Dec. 27, 1839. 
 11, 3. For 887, read 177. (L. L.) 
 
 11, 21. After "other species" insert "the nervation being obsolete " (L. L.) 
 
 See coal Flora, p. 178, where the species (fig. 2) is considered to 
 be a variety of A. lonchitica ; adding "of which the shape, size, 
 etc." See letter. 
 
 12, 1. After 7iervosa, insert GoQi^\).:^Pseudoj)ecopteris nervosa, Lesq.= 
 
 Diplot/unema nervosum, Stur. =Mariopteris riervosa, Zeiller, 
 &c., Ac. (L. L.) 
 12, 1. Read Brongt. 
 
 12, 4. From " He " to "Abundant " on line 15, erase all ; and also the sen- 
 tence "But, line 19 &c. to species line 21." (L, L. as above.) 
 12, 23. Dr. Lesquereux wishes erased all trom "So called" to "frond," 
 line 37 ; and to insert under CalHpteris rugosa (p. 107 below) his 
 remarks on page 169 of the Coal Flora. 
 Read Brongniart. 
 Read Mr. R. D. Lacoe. 
 Add : See Appendix, where newer and better specimens will be 
 
 figured by Lesquereux. 
 Pteris aquilina, tiie common brake. (J. W. D. ) 
 
 Alethopteris ? Two species of coal measure type, reported by 
 
 L C. White, from the Tipton coal beds in Blair Co., hitherto sup- 
 posed to be Pocono No. X coals (MS. letter, Feb. 27, 1889.) 
 16, index. For A LET, read ALG^E. 
 16, IL For plant seeds, read "seeds of land plants ; and also of fishes and 
 
 molluscs." (L. L. ) 
 16, 16. Antarctic ? 
 16,30. ^Q2id {Caul erjyites^ . 
 16, 32. After 1866, insert: also Coal Flora, p. 7, pi. A. figs. 1-6. (L. L.) 
 
 16, 40. Read antiquus. 
 
 17, 6. A. simplex, add (originally described by Lesquereux in G. S. S. 
 
 Cox's Second Geol. Rt. of Kentucky, 1875, p. 139. The species 
 milleri, gracilis, divaricaius, quoted on line 1, were described in 
 the same report on pp. 136, 137. 
 
 13, 
 
 5. 
 
 13, 
 
 6. 
 
 14, 
 
 6. 
 
 15, 
 
 la 
 
 15, 
 
 40. 
 
IV 
 
 17, 14. After "weeds," insert: now recognized as an ancient congenor ol 
 the glass-sponges of tlie present ocean. (J. D. D. ; E. W. C. ; J. 
 H. ; R. P. W.) 
 
 17, 15. Read Palceophycus. 
 
 17, 14-17. "This remarli is far from true of most of them." (J. H.) 
 
 17, 16. Read Craziana. 
 
 17, 17. "as proved by Nathorst." "Not proved, but asserted." (L. L.) 
 "Hardly true of B at hotrep his and Asterophi/cus. (E. W. C.) 
 Some of these palseophycus are undoubtedly branched. (G. F. M. ) 
 
 17, 28. "The best pala3ontologists." "The illustrious Saporta first of all." 
 (L. L.) 
 
 17, 35. For Milltown, read Neilltown. 
 
 18, I. Read clavatum. (E. W. C.) 
 18, 26. Read terminale. (E. W. C.) 
 18, 29. For gays read gaps. 
 
 18,28. Prof. Stevenson writes: "I think that the Umbial rocks [Mauch 
 Chunk red shale, No. XI] of Fayette Co., down to the bottom of 
 the iron ores will have to go into the Pottsville conglomerate 
 [No. XII] ; this refers to Alloriteinaterniiiialis of the Big Bottom 
 ore of Dunbar." (MS. letter, Jan. 4, 1889.) 
 
 For form atoms read formations. 
 
 For niiiiima read inirilmus. (E. W. C.) 
 
 Read Rominger's. 
 
 Ainbocoelia bicorivexa, Claypole, n. sp. has been drawn but not 
 published and awaits Prof. Claypole's attention to it, with others 
 in the same condition. 
 
 For Salina read Lower Helderberg (E. W. C.) 
 
 For Montour read Columbia. (E. W. C.) 
 
 Insert Ainbocoelia preeuinboiia. /See Appeiidix. 
 20, 26. Hamilton uppey^ shales. Better uppermost shales, tlie probable 
 equivalent of the Moscow shale of N. Y. ; for there is not suffi- 
 cient evidence that the Tiilly L. of N. Y. exists in Pennsylvania. 
 (E. W. C.) 
 20, 39. "This is doubtless a mistake ; and the fossil referred to is very likely 
 to be Ainboca^iiaplanoconvexa." (E. W. C.) Prof. Stevenson 
 crosses off the three bottom lines of p. 20, and top line of p. 21, 
 w^ith the note, "I have seen the specimen and know it to be the 
 Spirifer urii of E\ivope,=KS!pirifer planoconvexus of America, and 
 and very different from Ambocoelia umboncUa. 
 
 Read Ainbocoelia. 
 
 For underscribed read undescribed. 
 
 For O, read OO. 
 
 Read Shawnee. 
 
 Read recognized. 
 
 For "origin at "read original. 
 
 Read Tr iai-thru s. 
 
 There are no Amvionites in the Coal measures. The mistake was 
 made in Prof. Rogers' Geol. Penna. 1858 ; and in Reports L & H4 
 instead of quoting Rogers, the mistake was made of quoting 
 Stevenson. 
 24, 22. Read paradoxa. (E. W. C.) 
 24, 31. Read Aynplexus? 
 
 19, 
 
 3. 
 
 19, 
 
 31. 
 
 19, 
 
 39. 
 
 20, 
 
 4. 
 
 20, 
 
 4. 
 
 20, 
 
 5. 
 
 20, 
 
 6. 
 
 21, 
 
 39. 
 
 99 
 
 1. 
 
 22, 
 
 2. 
 
 22, 
 
 7. 
 
 22, 
 
 13. 
 
 22, 
 
 21. 
 
 23, 
 
 38. 
 
V 
 
 24, 36. For formations read faunas. (E. W. C.) 
 
 25, 1. Read Haime. 
 25, 4. Read tabuljae. 
 
 25, 5. For Amynilespes read Amynilyspes. It is not a caterpillar, but a 
 centipede, or millipede. (S. H. S.) Mem. Bost. N. H. S. Tol. 3, 
 1882, p. 178, pi. 78, fig. 1-4, 9. 
 
 25, 12. Same error. 
 
 25, 11. Read Ancyrocrinus. 
 
 25, 14. Read Lower Cartibrian. 
 
 25, 27. Insert Ampyx americanus, tlie only American species of this 
 
 genus directly from American strata. (A. W. V.) See Appendix^ 
 26,17. Insert Anisichnus gracilis See Aj)p>endix. 
 Also A nisopus gracilis. See Appendix. 
 Also Aiiisopus gracilis. See Ajipendix. 
 
 26, 22. Erase reco-j^teris longifoUa. It is a fern : and Annularia longi- 
 
 folia is a horse-tail plant. Both of Brongniart's species. (R. D. 
 L ; and also L. L. who calls this a '' bad error.") 
 
 27, 14. Read sphenophylloides. 
 
 27, 17. Read romingeri. The original figure, borrowed by Collett, is in 
 
 the Proc. A. P. S. Phil. Vol. 17, No. 100, p. 163. 
 27, 19- Read Rominger. 
 
 27, 22. For reeds or bamboos, read cqiiisetacew, land plants of the horse- 
 
 tail family ; but reeds and bamboos belong to the class of Mono_ 
 cotyledons, and do not appear in rocks earlier than the Triassic. 
 (L. L.) 
 After abundant, insert: and of gigantic size. (L. L.) 
 
 28, 2. Read Brongniart. 
 
 28. 21. Add (after Survey) Found plentifully by Lacoe in subconglomer- 
 
 ate shale under Campbell's Ledge above Pittston, Pa. White's 
 Rt. G7, p. 39.— A/. 
 
 29, 2. Anomoepus intermedins. Bird track. Trias. See Appendix. 
 29, 7. For Brogt, read Brongt. 
 
 Antliracerpes typus, Meek & Wortlien. A myriopod insect, from 
 Mazon creek. 111. Proc. Acad. N. S. Philada., 1865, p. 51. Ooal 
 measures. XIII. 
 
 Anthracomarius pustulatus, Scudder. A spider, from Mazon 
 creek nodule, 111. Proc. Amer. Acad. A. & S. Vol. 20, p. 18. Coal 
 measures. JLlII. 
 
 Anthracomartus trilol>itus, Scudder. A spider, from Mazon 
 creek nodule. 111. Proc. A. Acad. Boston. Vol. 20, p. 17. Coal 
 me as u r e s. X III. 
 29, 13. Read Anthraconectes. 
 
 29, 14. Antliracotheniina robusta, Scudder. A hexopod insect (cock- 
 roach), from Mazon creek nodule, 111. Mem. Bost. N. H. S. Vol. 
 3, 1885, p. 337, plate 30, fig. 1, 5, 6. Coal measures, XIII. 
 
 29, 29. Insert Apatichuus crassus. See Appendix. 
 
 Also, Apliodius prsecursor. Horn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 
 
 Vol. 5, p. 245. Insect found in the bone cave at Port Kennedy, 
 
 Chester Co., Pa. 
 Also, Arabellites i>rocttrsus„ See Worm teeth. 
 
 30, 1. Hinde is now working out this group of Sponges and will make 
 
 some changes. (C. D, W.) 
 
30, 
 
 23, 
 
 30, 
 
 29. 
 
 31, 
 
 4. 
 
 31, 
 
 6. 
 
 31, 
 
 7. 
 
 32, 
 
 4. 
 
 33, 
 
 1. 
 
 33, 
 
 14. 
 
 33, 
 
 28. 
 
 34, 
 
 1. 
 
 VI 
 
 For an Loiip, read au Loup. 
 
 For M. read L. i. e. Lower Cambrian. (C. D. W.) 
 
 For M. read L. (C. D. W.) 
 
 Archseogryllus priscus. Sciidder. A hexopod insect (cockroach) 
 from Ohio. Proc. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 11, 1868, p. 402. Loiver 
 Carboniferous. XIII. 
 
 Arcb8eoi>liyton, a very doubtful plant. (G. F. M.) 
 
 Read Goep. — Same on p. 33, line 11. 
 
 Archseopteris haHiana can hardly extend from the Lower Devon- 
 ian to Carboniferous. The different figures given of it seem suffi- 
 cient proof of different species. (G. F. M. ) 
 
 CycAopteris jacksoni, a distict species from Archteopteris balliana. 
 (J. W. D. ) who adds : ^'•A. gaspiensis of my Geol. Survey Report, 
 
 1882, is certainly a distinct species." 
 "Lesq. in Coal Flora, 1880, p. 304, remarks that the figure in the 
 
 Geological Survey of Canada, pi. 15, f. 175 represents," etc. (Les- 
 quereux's correction of the passage. MS. letter of Dec. 27, 1889.) 
 After "reference," add: " but refers this fructification to A. jack- 
 .soni, because tliat is the only species found with it. (See Daw- 
 son, Second Rt. on Erian Plants of Canada, L882, where the 
 species of ^rcAoRo^^ieris are fully discussed." (J. W. D.) 
 34, 5. Head A. jacksoni. Also A. hitchrockiana. (L. L. ) 
 
 34, 6. Add : /S'ee Appeiidix. 
 
 35, 1. For "identifies it with," read : "refers it to." (L. L.) 
 
 35, 3. "Abundant under Campbell's Ledge (XII) near Pittston," read 
 " Abundant in the Coxton bluffs of the Susquehanna river above 
 Pittston, that is, in the outcrops of the CatHkill formation.'''' As 
 the passage now stands it is a bad error. The note that begins on 
 line 6 indicates the real locality and formation. See Ap2)en(lix. 
 35, 11. Arcliseopterls obtusa. Figures given are those of true Archmop- 
 t er is pliints. (G. F. M.) Fig, 188of the Canada survey (referred 
 to on page 36, line 9) does not properly represent the venation ; 
 see fig. 188 b, on the same plate XVI. (G. F. M.) 
 
 For Kocf/f/uathia on the figure, read Noeggerathia. 
 
 For XI^ read IX ; i. e. for Mauch Chunk read Cat skill. 
 
 After "species" add: "but see Dawson's Report of 1882, plate 22> 
 where a better figure of ihe fossil is given." 
 
 For feather, read frond. 
 
 Read : The Cyclopteris obtusa in Geol. Sur. Canada, Fossil plate 
 16, fig. 188, is said by Lesquereux to look like ArchcEOjyteris. 
 (L. L.)— But see plate 22, 1882, above quoted. (J. W. D.) 
 
 Read Owen's. 
 
 Read laxa. 
 
 ArcMitiylacris acadicum, Scudder. A hexapod insect (cock- 
 roach) from Pictou, N. S. Acad. Geol. 2d. Ed. 1868, p. 388, f. 153. 
 Coal measures, XIII? 
 
 Read ArcliimylacHs parallela. (E. W. C. ) 
 37, 4. For Vol. 8, read Vol. 3. 
 
 37, 10. Archimylacris paiicinervis, Scudder. A hexapod insect (cock- 
 roach) from Mazon Ck., 111. Lacoe's List of Pal. Foss. Insects, 
 
 1883, p. 5. Zittel, by enumeration and locality, p. 576; Coal meas- 
 ures, XIII. 
 
 35, 
 
 12. 
 
 35, 
 
 18. 
 
 35, 
 
 39. 
 
 36, 
 
 6. 
 
 36. 
 
 8. 
 
 36, 
 
 12. 
 
 36, 
 
 14. 
 
 37, 
 
 1. 
 
^^11 
 
 ArcMtarbus rotundatus, Scudder. A spider found in a Mazon 
 creek nodule, 111. Geol. Sur. 111. Vol. 3, p. 568, f. 4. Goal meas- 
 ures, XIIT' 
 Archiulus xyloboides, Scudder. A myriopod of the Coal meas- 
 ures, XTIL 
 Arthrolycusa antiqua. Amer. Jour. S. Vol. 7, 1874, p. 219-223. 
 37, 13. Read Aristozoe. (J. H.) 
 40, 2. Read Evitts. 
 40, 10. Add See Appendix. 
 
 40, 11. Artlirophycus iiiontalto. Compare with Munsteri Jiagellaris, 
 
 Sternb. Flora d. Vorw, pi. 8, fig. 3 ; and Heer, Flora Foss. Helv. 
 plate 66, f. 4, 5. (R. D. L.) 
 
 41, 4. To "normal order" add "that is, of chronological sequence, al- 
 
 though they have been subjected to extraordinary physical dis- 
 locations." 
 
 41, 10. See also Sternhergia. (E. W. C.) 
 
 41, 16. Read hlatidens. 
 
 43, 7. Read loiigicaudatus. 
 
 44, 4. Erase "the Pocono sandstone strata, X, in the mountain gaps of," 
 
 and erase " X to" on line 6. (J. J. S.) 
 44, 8. For "in Subconglomerate (Pocono, X) measures in the mountain 
 
 gaps of" read "in the Coal Measures oV (J. J. S.) 
 44, 11. For X, read XIV. (J. J. S.) 
 
 44, 13. For gaps, read Coal Measures ; and for X, read XIV. (J. J, S.) 
 
 45, 12. Read Brongniart. 
 
 45, 13. Erase ^^ Calamocladus^^ to ^^ Lyeopods.^'' (L. L. who adds that 
 the sentence is untrue.) 
 
 45, 15. For seeds, read spores. (E. W. C.)— The figures represent spikes 
 
 or fruiting parts of Aster ophyllites, to show their relation to those 
 of Equisetum ; but they may be left here. ( L. L.) 
 
 46, 3. Read hippurites. 
 
 48, 1. Calamostachys ovalls. Coal Flora, 717, pi. 89, f. 3, 4. (R. D. L.) 
 
 48, 8, 9, 10. Erase these three lines. There is no such species ; it was a 
 
 printer's error in setting up White's list. The fossil is AnnnJaria 
 
 sphenoi>hylloides, Zenker, which see, on p. 28 above. (L L and 
 R. D. L.) 
 
 48, 25. For lonja^Sfolla, read tuberculata. See Coal Flora, p. 723, pi. 89 
 
 figs 1,2. (R. D. L.) ' '' 
 
 49, 8. Insert in their places : 854-^7 (too wide) ; 854-21 (three) ; 854-37.— 
 
 Also on line 18, 855-43— On line 21, 856 -16 (?)._0n line 24, 860-2a.— 
 Also, at the end 869-9, 878-3, 891-1. And, see Appendix for neiv 
 data. 
 49, 10. 854-19 must, I think, be a new species, as it is marked pustulata ; or 
 else must be in Chefnung strata. (H. S. W.) 
 
 49, 31. For Acad, read Inst 
 
 50, 18. Read Jervis. 
 
 50, 32. jSee Appendix. 
 
 51, 5 to 8. Erase as a Wrong identification. (R. P. W.) It is Athyris spi- 
 riferoldes. (E. W. C.) 
 
 1 to 3. The reference in KK, 291, is to Athyris subquadrata ; for A. 
 subtilita is an upper carboniferous species. (J. J. S.) 
 
 
YlU 
 
 52, 31. Atops trilineatus is not allowed by S. A. Miller to be the same a^ 
 Ptychopariu trilineata., and will be retained by liini in his Cata- 
 logue. But if it be synonymous Atops has precedency over 
 Ptychoparia as a generic name. <^8. A.M.) 
 
 52,28. Insert Athyrls ? 878-3 of Hicks' collections between Wetmore 
 
 and Ludlow in McKean Co. Chemung, VIII g. 
 52, 30 and 32. Read Lower Cambrian. (G. F. M.) 
 
 52, 33. Atops trileneatus has been placed by Walcott under Calymene 
 TriarthruSy Ptychoparia, and Conocoryphe, but it will not fit] 
 Why not retain the original name ? It belongs to the Paradox- 
 ides zone, the Middle Caynbrian of Walcott, but not the M, G. of 
 Sedgwick. (A. W. V.) 
 
 For Vic read lie. 
 
 For Cainarella, read Triplesla. (J. H.) 
 
 For a&pera, read spinosa. A. aspera is a different and European 
 species. (R. P. \V.) 
 
 For turkunde, read tenkunde. 
 
 Erase from " Perry " to " xiii." 
 
 For 100 and 300 , read 200 and 100 . 
 
 Portage? (J. J. 8.) 
 
 These two figures from Vanuxem are not of any Atrypa^ but repre. 
 sent Orthis impressa. (J. H. ; R. P. W. ; H. S. W.) 
 
 Camarella coiigesta ? (J. H. ) 
 
 Read Atrypa. It is a synonym of A. spinosus, Hall. (R. P. W. ) 
 
 Read Reiisselseria. 
 
 Atrypa exigua. This species has an internal process similar to 
 that of Centronella, showing it to be allied to that genus. (R. 
 P. W.) 
 55, 7. Atrypa extans. Not a Carnarella (which is a Pentameroid) but 
 on^ of i\\Q RhynchonellidiE. (R. P. W.) — After extans insert= 
 Triplesia extans. (J. H. ) 
 
 55, 30. Atrypa iniplicata. The figure is not that of A. imb. of Hall, or 
 
 Sowerby ; but apparently a Nucleospira. And the reference in 
 line 32 is incorrect. (J. H. ) 
 55,36. Atrypa impressa. For At ryi>a read Orthis. (R. P. W.) 
 
 56, 2. For Atrypa intermedia read Whitfieldia intermedia, Davidson. 
 
 (R. P. W. ) The first of the four figures is one of Atrypa imbri- 
 cata. (J. H. ) 
 
 56, 15, 25 and 32. For Atrypa read Rhynchon^Ila in all three cases. (J. 
 
 H. ; R. P. W. ; J. J. S.) 
 56,40. Read lieiorhynehus llmitare. (E. W. C.) 
 
 57, 3. Read Leiorhynciins mesacostale. (E. W. C.) 
 
 57, 5. For Atryim, read Meristella. (J. II.)— W^hitfieldia. (R. P. W.) 
 
 57, 11. For Atrypa neglecta, road Rhynclionella. (J. H. and R. P. W.) 
 
 57, 13. Insert next, Atrypa nodostriata. Specimen 507-15. 
 
 57, 15. Read Bhynchoiiella. 
 
 58, 12. Requires verification. (E. W. C. ) 
 
 58, 19. For Lawrence Nille, read Lawrenceviile. 
 
 58, 22. For Ilipparionyx consimilis, read Atrypa a,jjlinis. (J. H.) 
 
 58, 28. For Ilipparionyx similar is, read consimilis. (J. H.) 
 
 60, 32. Portage sandstone ? (J. J. S. ) 
 
 61, 9. See corrections by R. P. W. on pages 53, 54 above. 
 
 52, 
 
 39. 
 
 52, 
 
 40, 
 
 53, 
 
 1. 
 
 53, 
 
 13. 
 
 53, 
 
 23. 
 
 53, 
 
 26. 
 
 53, 
 
 28. 
 
 54, 
 
 1 
 
 54, 
 
 13. 
 
 54, 
 
 19. 
 
 i4. 
 
 40. 
 
 55, 
 
 1. 
 
IX 
 
 61, 12. i^\)r Merista, read Meristella. (J. H.) 
 
 61, 13. For Atrypa, read Orthis. (J. H.) 
 
 62, 1. The first tig are is a Meristella. (J. H.) — Terelbratula lincklseni, 
 
 Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4, pi. 60, fig. 61 to 63. (R. P. W.) 
 The second figure is a Rhynchonella. (J. H. and R. P. W.) 
 The third ligure is a Meristella. (J. H.) — Meristella Iiaskinsi, 
 Hall, Pal. N". Y. Vol. 4, pi. 49, f. 96, drawn from the same speci- 
 mens. (R. P. W.) 
 62. 6. For Atrypa ? Erie Co. read Ijaniilicardium. (J. H.) 
 
 62, 10,19. For V. read Upper. Same error in line 26. 
 
 63, 3 and 12. The same error. 
 
 64, 6 and 35. The same error. 
 
 65, 1. Read Haime ; and for Oaninia, read Caninia. 
 
 66, 13. Heliophyllum halli ; one individual, with the torn o(f tubes of 
 
 another attached individual left sticking to the front of it. ( J.H. ) 
 These were thought to be a parasitic ^w/opora; and the coral 
 was wrongly named Cy slip liy Hum. — Aulopora tuboeformis is 
 usually found upon Cystiphyllum, but somewhat rarely on Heli- 
 ophyllara. (J. H.) 
 (SQ^ 39. Read Waterlime. 
 
 67, 19. For Avicula, read Leptodesma aeanthoptera. (J. H. ; R. P. W.; 
 
 H. S. W.) 
 67, 25. Erase "has a sharp hind wing," for several hundred other species 
 
 have the same. (J. IT.) 
 67, 26. For Avicula, read Ambonychia bellistriata. (R. P. W.) 
 67, 29. For Avicula, read Ambonychia carinata. (J. H. ; R. P. W.) 
 
 67, 33. Loi^aine Avith one r is correct. (A. W. V.) 
 
 68, 1. For Avicula, read Pterinea deinissa. (R. P. W. ) 
 68, 11. " Lyonsid is now Sedgwickia.''^?? (J. H. ) 
 
 68, 17. Avicula elliptica. (R. P. W.) 
 
 68, 26. For Avicula, read Actirioi)teria emacerata. (J. H. ) — Fig. a is a 
 
 Pterinea. (R. P. W.) 
 
 69, 1 to 3. Not identified on Claypole's revised copy of his Catalogue. 
 
 (E. W. C.) 
 69, after 6. Insert Avicula Ixoneymam, Hall, Silurian of Nova Scotia, 
 
 Dawson's Acadian Geology, p. 604, allied to A. emacerata. (J. 
 
 W. D.) 
 69, 7. The second figure (from Rogers) is a Pterinea. (R. P. W. ) 
 69, 15. The figure of A. leptouota, is upside down. 
 69, 17. For Nethart's read Neihart's. 
 
 69, 26. For Avicula read Pterinea rugosa. (R. P. W.) 
 69, 31. For Cytheria read Cytherina^ and for rogosa, read rugosa. 
 69, 35. After speciosa insert {Glyptocardia retrostriata^ Von Buch. ) 
 
 (J.H.) 
 The first figure (H. 106, 1,) is a Chonetes. (R. P. W.) 
 The second small figure (H. 106, 2 a) is Cardiola speciosa^ Hall, 
 
 Pal. N. Y. A^ol. 5. (R. P. W. and E. W. C.) 
 
 69, 37, 38. Not only the Cashaqua shales, but also the Genesee, Hamilton, 
 
 and Marcelhis. (J. ti.) 
 
 70, 5. For Avicula read Pterinea subpl ana. (R. P. W.) 
 70, 17. For treiitoneonsis, read trentonensis. 
 
 2 
 
X 
 
 70,40. Specimen 2-9 is another fossil. (E. W. C.) Of spec. 18-21 he has 
 
 no record. He has no recollection of finding Avicula triquetra 
 
 anywhere, and does not believe that it exists at the two localities 
 
 quoted. 
 
 71, 2. For Avicula — ? Rogers, fig. 663, read Actinodesma. (R. P. W.) 
 
 71, 18. For Avicula ? Rogers, fig. 678, read Leptodesma. (J.H.) 
 
 71,26. For Avicula ? Rogers, fig. 679, read Ptycopteria. See Hall's 
 
 Pal. N. Y. Vol. V, part 1, plate 23. (R. P. W. and J. H.) 
 71, 40. Add, /See Appendix. 
 
 73, 18. Insert Aviculopecten caroli. {Crenipecten caroli.) See Aj^pen- 
 
 dix. (J. H.) 
 
 74, 8. For Aviculopecten, read Lunuli car dium fragile (J. H.; H. S. 
 
 W. ) LunuUcardia fragilis. (R. P. W.) 
 
 75, 15. Meek afterwards took back his Permian. (J. J. S.) 
 75, 22, For Lyrispecten read Ijyriopecten. 
 
 75, 23. For Aviculopecten pectiniformis, read Pterinea clieniungen- 
 
 sis, Conrad. Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, part 1, plate 16, fig. 10 drawn from 
 the same specimen which furnished the large figure (117 Hall) 
 here given. (R. P. W.) 
 
 76, 27. Figure upside down. 
 
 77, 1. For Aviculopecten read Pterinopecten suborbicularis, Hall. 
 
 Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, part 1, plate 8. (R. P. W.) 
 77, 10. For Cussegago, read Cussewago. 
 77, 14. For Hubbieville, read Hobbieville. 
 
 77, 15. For Whiteii, read Wliitci. (E. W. C.) 
 
 78, 2. Portage? (J. J. S.) 
 
 78, 9. YoY StiHctorhyyichus^ read Streptorhynchus, 
 78, 27. For Faighney, read Faichney. 
 
 78, 29, 34. For III read IV, 
 
 79, 37. For (ScunapatiUa), read {JeanpaiUia). (W. F. F. ) 
 
 80, 1. Read Baphetes planiceps. (J.S.Newberry.) 
 80, 2. For scull, read skull. 
 
 80, 10. Read Olenellus. 
 
 80, 10 and 12. For M. Middle^ read L. Lowei^ Cambrian. (G. F. M.) 
 
 80, 14. The figure of Bathygnathus borealis is upside dowm. (E. D. 0.) 
 
 81, 7. For qaadraspinos us, read qaadrispinosus. 
 
 81, 30. Gr. F. Matthews thinks Protypus not a good genus, the forms in. 
 eluded under it being too diverse. 
 
 81, 32. The two figures represent two distinct genera. (H. S. W.) 
 
 82, 17. G. F. Matthews objects that formations III b to VII is too great a 
 
 range of time for any species. 
 
 85, 40. For White, read Stevenson. 
 
 86, 26. For Hellerophoiiprofaadas, read Bucania profanda, Emmons, 
 
 whose specific name has the precedency. See Hall's Pal. N. Y. 
 
 Vol. 1, p. 186, B. expansa. (R. P. W.) 
 86, 1. For Bellerophon read Bucania punctifVons. Hall, Pall. N. Y. 
 
 Vol. 1, p. 187. 
 89, 27. For 1885, read 1855. 
 91, 18. Primitia. See Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., London, [3] Vol. 16, p. 
 
 417. (G. F. M.) 
 91, 35. Beyrichia ungula, n. s. Clay pole, and those following are still in 
 
 the hands of Prof. Rupert Jones, whose descriptions are expected 
 
 soon. (E. W. C.) 
 
XI 
 
 92, 5. Beyrichia , in Bedford borough, Pa., T 2, p. 89 ; Tentaculite 
 
 limestone^ VI. (J. J. S.) 
 92, 33. Billingsia saratogensis. C. D. Walcott refers to a note under 
 
 table of contents of Bulletin 30, promising the substitution of 
 
 another generic name ; adding that he hopes to complete his 
 
 study of these forms in the spring of 1889. 
 
 92, 40. Blattina. See Mylacris bretonensis. Blattina. See GeraWaf 
 
 tina fascigera. Blattina. See Mylacris heeri. Blattina. See 
 Eltoblattina venusta. 
 
 93, 8. For unsheathed, read sheathing. (E. W. C.) 
 
 94, 12. Read Sauripteris taylori. "Not Bothriolepis, and not a Placo- 
 
 dei^in, but a scaled Ganoid, allied to Holoptychius.^' (J. S. New- 
 berry. ) 
 
 91, 18. For tubuculata, read tuherculata. 
 
 94, 20. See discussion of Protozoa, versus Bryozoa, in the Illinois Report 
 (J. C). 
 
 96, 26. It must have been a Bellerophon patulus, or some other one of 
 
 the Hamilton or Chemung species, that Prof. White found. (R- 
 P. W.) G. F. M. also protests against so long a range of time. 
 
 97, 2. For 1856 read 1855. 
 
 97, 25. That is, in the Chazy limestone itself, lib. (R. P. W.) 
 
 97, 28. Add, also in the Silurian of Nova Scotia. See Acadian Geology. 
 
 97, 37. Credit this and all other Spergen Hill figures and descriptions to the 
 
 publications of the American Museum, Central Park, New York, 
 and as lent to the Indiana Geological Survey. (R. P. W.) 
 
 98, 6. For canliaculatus read canaliculata. (E. W. C.) 
 98, 25. For Brunschweig, read Braunschweig. 
 
 98, 40. Insert Buthotrephis flexuosa. Peach Bottom roofing slate quarries, 
 
 York county. Pa. jSee Appendix. 
 
 99, 1. S. A. Miller means to change this to Bythotrephis in his next edition- 
 99, 8. Hall (Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2, p. 18) renames the Trenton species Butho- 
 trephis tenuis; leaving B. gracilis as exclusively a Clinton species. 
 (R. D. L.) 
 
 101, 12. Compare the graphitic fucoids on the Peach Bottom slates, York 
 
 county. Pa. (E. W. C.) See Appendix. 
 
 102, next 4. Insert Bathotrephis tenuis. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2, p. 18; a 
 
 new name given to B. gracilis, to remove the Trenton form from 
 the Clinton form. 
 
 102, J3. Buthus? carbonariits, Meek & Worthen. See Eoscorpius car- 
 bonari us. 
 
 102, 19. For Cadodus read Cladodus ; and remove the whole four lines to 
 page 131, below. 
 
 105, 38. Catamites suckowii has recently been reported by I. C. White from 
 the Tipton run coals, in Blair Co., Pa., hitherto considered coal 
 beds of the Bocono, No. X, formation. (MS. letter Feb. 27, 1889.) 
 
 104, 4. E. W. C. would write it caumformis. 
 
 105, 20. I. C. W. prefers XII to XI; i. e., places these shales in the con. 
 
 glomerate. 
 
 106, 18. Calamites are plentiful in the shale above the limestone, not in the 
 
 limestone itself. (J. J. S.) 
 106, 36. For Calamostachys, read Annularia. (R. D. L.) 
 
Xll 
 
 108, 9. For Call ipteris read Callipteridium. (K. D. L.) 
 
 108, 21. Triarthrus is a good genus and ought not to be placed under Caly- 
 
 TYiene. It is Ordovician. (G. F. M. ) 
 
 109, 4. Mr. Walcott explains that he never said that this trilobite, C beckii, 
 
 occurred in the Cambrian, and that his Cambrian Conocoryphe 
 trilineata {Ptychoparia trilineata) is a different one. See his 
 paper '^ On the Fauna of the upper Taconic of Emmons," in Amer. 
 Jour. Sc, 1887, page 197. (C. D. W. MS. letter, Jan., 1889,) 
 
 109, 6. Whitfield claims that C. bluinenbachii, is exclusively European : 
 replaced in America by C. niagarensls, Conrad. 
 
 109, 10. ■ Read *' Chart of Fossil Crustacea," by J. W. Salter, and H. Wood- 
 ward, plate 4, fig. 47. The American species is Calymene senaria, 
 Conrad. If Calymene blumenbachii, Brongt. be used, it should 
 be replaced by the older name C. tuberculata, Brunnich. (A. 
 W. V.) 
 
 109, 16. Entomolilhus paradoxus is considered to be not Calymene Blumen- 
 bachii but Paradoxides. (G. F. M. ) which see. 
 
 109, 19. For Heryiicrypterus read IlemAcrypturus. 
 
 110, 5. Callicephala, Green, 1S^2, precedes senariay ISil. (Collet.) Green's 
 
 name ought to be retained. (S. A. M. ) 
 Insert Calymene rostrata from the Clinton formatio7i in Georgia, 
 
 and probably to be found in the Clintoii of Pennsylvania. (A. 
 
 W. V.) 
 Insert Calymene vogdesii, for the same reason. (A. W. V.) 
 
 For Calymene ? read Dalmania callicepliala, Hall. (R. P. W.) 
 
 Probably an error. I have no record of, nor can remember any 
 
 such find. (E. W. C.) 
 For Camarella ambigua read Triplesia. (R. P. W.) 
 For Camarella anteqiiata read Rhynchonella. (R. P. W.) 
 8. Read Lower Cambrian, L. C. (G. F. M. ). 
 For Camarella bisulcata, a Terebratuloid shell (R. P. W.) He 
 
 adds, that Billings's Camarella is a Pentameroid genus. 
 Camarella congesta is an Athyris. (R. P. W.) 
 Camarella extans, is a Triplesia. (R. P. W.) 
 Camarella hemij^licata, is a true Camarella. 
 Camarella nucleus, is a Triplesia (R. P. W.) 
 It does not occur in the Salina formation (E. W. C.) 
 For Rhynchonella, mmra, read Camarophoria wortheni. (R. P. W. ) 
 Dawson describes four species of Cardiocarpon, from Devonian 
 
 strata at St. John, N. B. (G. F. M.) 
 For acutirostris read acutirostre. 
 For Cardiocarpus, read Cardiocarpus, because it is a true Cardio^ 
 
 carpus. (R. D. L.) 
 2, 3, 8, 28, 29. For XJ, read XII. (I. C. W. who puts these shales not 
 
 under but in the Conglomerate.) 
 4. For Carpolitlies bicuspidatus, read Cardiocarpus regularis. 
 
 (L.L.) 
 31. The tw^o figures here given do not represent this. They represent 
 
 Phabdocarpas mamillatus, being copies of fig. 33, 33a, of PI. 85 ; 
 
 whereas fig. 32 represents C. mamillatus and should be inserted 
 
 here, if at all, for the species is a doubtful one and had better be 
 
 abandoned. (R. D. L. — See also Coal Flora p. 816, 817.) 
 
 110, 
 
 40 
 
 111, 
 
 1. 
 
 111, 
 
 14. 
 
 111, 
 
 16. 
 
 111, 
 
 22. 
 
 111, 
 
 26, 
 
 111, 
 
 29. 
 
 112, 
 
 1. 
 
 112, 
 
 11. 
 
 112, 
 
 17. 
 
 112, 
 
 17. 
 
 112, 
 
 10. 
 
 113, 
 
 1. 
 
 113, 
 
 29. 
 
 113, 
 
 31. 
 
 113, 
 
 36. 
 
 114 
 114 
 114 
 
XIU 
 
 115, 3. Erase X7. 
 
 115, 11. ForCardiocaipoii plieatum, read Cardiocarpusplicatus. (R. I). 
 
 L.) 
 115, 18. TR.esid CardiocavpusveiJ^ulsiris (Caj^polithes regularis ; also Car di- 
 
 ocarpus ellipticu,s). (L. L.) Transfer to tins place the two 
 
 figures on page 118. (R. D. L.) 
 115, 19. Cardiocarpus saniariaeforinis, Newberry. Pal. Ohio, Vol. 1, p. 375, 
 
 pi. 43, figs. 11, 11a. (J. S. Newberry.) 
 
 115, 24. For XJread XII. 
 
 116, 4. The figure given here is not that of a (7a?*d?;o?a vc^tts^a, but of a 
 
 Lucina ? retusa, Hall, and must be removed to page 372. Car- 
 cliola is always a radiately plicated shell (R. P. W. ) — For cor- 
 rect figure see Appendix. 
 116, 18. Cardiomorpha suborbicularis — Edmondia? tenuistriata^ Hall, 
 1885, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 5, part 1, plate 63, f. 9. See Lucina varys- 
 burgia, Williams. (H. S. W.) 
 
 116, 34. This is the figure of a Modiolopsis. (H. S. W.) 
 
 117, 26. Cari^olitlies Mcuspidatus, a true Cardiocarpus. (R. D. L.) (J. 
 
 S. N.) 
 
 118, 32. For Carpolithes read Cardiocarx>us, and transfer the two figures 
 
 to their place under C. regularis, on page 115. (L. L. ) 
 120, 1, For Casteroides, read Castoroides. 
 120, 3. For scull, read skull. 
 120, 6. For Quarternary^ read Quaternary. 
 
 120, after 9. Insert Caulopteris aiitiqua, Newberry, Proc. Geol. Soc. 
 
 London, 1871, p. 271 ; one of the two oldest of our tree ferns ; 
 found in the Ohio Corniferous limestone, VIII a. (J. S. N.) 
 
 121, after 3. Insert Caulopteris peregrina, Newberry, Proc. Geol. Soc. 
 
 Lond., 1871, p. 272 ; one of the two oldest of our tree ferns ; found 
 in the Ohio Corniferous limestone^ VIII a. ( I. S. N.). 
 121, 4. See Steinniatopteris punctata, Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 839, 840, pi. 
 69, f. 3. (R. D. L.) 
 
 121, 38. Add Coleoptera described by Dr. Horn in Trans. Fnto. Soc. Vol. 
 
 5, 1876, p. 241-245. (S. H. S.) 
 
 122, 35. Ceratiocaris simplex, figure, compare with fragment of Goniotite. 
 
 (H. S. W.) 
 
 123, 1. Figure. " This was my first effort, Zittel copied this from Wal- 
 
 cottin Anier. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. Vol. XI, 1875. Also Mus. 
 
 Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass. Vol. VIII, 1881. (C. D. W.) 
 125, 3. Read Cliiinaerichiius. 
 125, after 6 insert, Calyeuius punctulatus, Horn ; and Clioeridiuin ? elbeni- 
 
 nuin, Horn ; Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc. Vol. 5, 1876, p. 244. 
 125, after 7 insert, Chelephlebia carbonaria, Scudder, Meui. Bost. N. H. S. 
 
 Vol. 3, pi. 30, f. 8. Also Chelephlebia elougata, Scudder. Ditto. 
 
 p. 32S, pi. 29, f. 7. 
 125, 14. For carinata, read coronata. See Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 4, p. 133. 
 
 See also Stroph. carinata^ Conrad, An. Rt. N. Y., 1839, p. 64.= 
 
 Tropidoleptus carinatus. (H. S. W.) 
 
 125, 21 to 29. Erase and correct. See Appendix. 
 
 126, 2. Erase '<=Hamilton." (H. S. W.) 
 
 126, 6. Add Claypole's specimens, 5-137, 59-17, and 92-25. 
 
 126, 7, 8, 25, read deflectus, granuliferus, mucronatus. (E. W. C.) 
 
XIV 
 
 127, 3, 4, 5. Erase 8 ; 42, 56, 1, 4, 5, 7 ; 9, 28, 30. (E. W. C.) 
 127, 8. For fig. 3, read fig. 8. Tlie consequence of this substitution has 
 been the placing here, under Cbonetes lineatus, the figure of 
 Hall's Strophomena rhoinboidalis (undulata.) 
 127,24. Read mesolobus. (E. W. C.) 
 
 127, 25. Read millepunctatus. (E. W. C.) 
 
 128, 1. Read mucronatus. (E. W. C.) 
 
 128, 16. Read Chonetes, Productus, etc. (I. C. W.) 
 
 Chonetes nova-scotia is a common and characteristic species of 
 TJ'p^jer Siluriaii rocks in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. (G. 
 F. M.) 
 128, 18. Read scitulus. (E. W. C.) 
 128, 28. Read setigerus. (E. W. C.J 
 130, 22. Add, Geol. Sur. 111. Vol. 3, 1868, p. 567, fig. 2. 
 
 130, 37. The figure due here has been inserted by mistake on p. 178, under 
 
 its old name of Cypricardites recurvus.. (R. P. W. ) 
 
 131, 12. Read Tuomey. 
 
 132, 24. Read corallum. 
 
 133, 5. This Cleidop hoi^ us is a typical ^vLGulites. (R. P. W. ) 
 133, 8. The doubt is strengthened by H. S. W. 
 
 133, 12. Add, ''also in Perry county. Pa." (E. W. C.) 
 
 133, next to bottom line. Insert after Lehigh Co. "one of the carnivorous 
 
 Dinosauria," according to Cope, etc. 
 
 134, 2. Add "teeth and" bones. (E. D. C.) 
 
 135, 18. For America, read United States. — For Coccidentalis^ read C occi- 
 
 dentalis. 
 
 135, 20. A fine species described hy Whiteaves, occurs in the Lower Devo- 
 nian of Gaspe, Canada. (J. W. D.) 
 
 135, 28. Read Grerablattina ; also, Etoblaltiaa, Mylacris, Necymylacris, 
 Arcbimylacris, Liithoinylacris, all genera of cockroaches found 
 in Pennsylvania. (S. H. S. ) 
 
 135, 35. Read ohliquus. 
 
 135, 40. Insert Cochleodus nobilis, N. and W. Illinois Vol. 2, p. 88, pi. VI, 
 
 fig. 3-5, pi. VII ; the finest species of the genus. (J. S. N.) 
 
 136, 1. Read Codonites. 
 
 136, after 2, insert Coelacanthiis ele^ans, New. C. ornatus, New. C. ro- 
 
 bustus, New. Pal. Ohio, Vol. I, pp. 339, 340, pi. 40. 
 136, 14, 15. H. S. Williams doubts its having been found in the Chemung. 
 
 136, 24. For New York, read Chicago. 
 
 137, 10. Read fossils. 
 
 138, 10. This is a figure of a species of Ctemodus, (J. S. Newberry.) 
 
 138, 17. See Cone-in-cone radiating from nodules of iron ore, and bones of 
 
 Binichthys in Ohio ; described in Geol. Mag. London, 1885, p. 
 
 543. (J. S. N.) 
 138, 30. Saff'ord's Geology of Tennessee explains this structure of coal, at 
 
 numerous exposures studied by him, as produced by pressure, 
 
 and analogous to slaty plication. 
 140, 26. Read G6. 
 140, 37, 38. ConocephalUes aurora^is a variety of Liostracus ouanagondia- 
 
 nus. See my last paper. The fauna to which it belongs is Lower 
 
 Cambrian and will not be received as anything else in Europe. 
 
 M, C. should therefore be L. C. (G. F. M.) 
 
XV 
 
 140, 3P. The same of this species. It should be L. C. (G. F. M.) 
 
 141, 1, 2. Read chippeivensis. (E. W. C.) 
 
 141, 5. Ptychoparia should be Solenopleura rol>t>ii. (G. F. M.) 
 
 141, 6. Conocoryphe mattliewi should be Ctenocephalus and L. C. (G. 
 
 F. M.) 
 141, 10. Ptychoparia orestes should be Solenopleura. (G. F. M.) 
 141, 11. Conocoryphe should be Ctenocephalus. This genus difters from 
 Conocoryphe in the tubercle in front of the glabella, in having a 
 smaller pygidium, &c. (G. F. M.) 
 141, 13, 14. Readmisera, tenera. (E. W. C.) 
 141,14. Ptychoparia should be Llostracus. (G. F. M.) 
 141, 20. Probably not a Ptychoparia. (G. F. M.) 
 
 141, 24. {Salteria) is preoccupied. Therefore read (Bailiella.) (G. F. M.) 
 141, 25. Described by Hartt. 
 
 Salteria was used by F. Wj^ville Thomson in Mem. Geol. Survey 
 (G. B.) Dec. 11, 1864, for a different genus of Palaeozoic Crustacea 
 (See pi. 11, Salteria primceva. Walcott has changed it to bail- 
 iella. in copy of Bull, sent me. (A. W. V.) 
 141, 30. Some heads nearly as this drawing have been found. (G. F. M.) 
 141,32. Does not give the attitude of the spine, which points outward. 
 Same remark applies to the thorax. (G. F. M.) 
 
 141, 37. This and others on this page should all be marked L. C. (G. F. M.) 
 
 142, 1. Lower Cambrian. If you speak of the aS'/^. J'o/m formation, or series, 
 
 it is both Lower & Middle. But the fauna of it which is best known 
 is Lower. All your species from it are no doubt Lower, That the 
 St. John fauna here described is Lower Cambrian, 1. because it 
 contains Paradoxides ; 2. because it belongs to the lower half of 
 the Paradoxides beds. There are three other faunas in the St. 
 John Group which I haveonly cursorily referred to in my jDaper. 
 Two of these are Middle Cambrian. The Upper one may be Up- 
 per Cambrian. (G. F. M., Jan. 18, 1889.) 
 
 142, 4. Described by Hartt. Fig. 2, has been inverted ; it is not a pygy- 
 dium, but a glabella ; like fig. 2b. 
 
 142, 5. This species occurs larger than figure 2 a. (G. F. M.) 
 
 142, 14. Read Ctenocephalus. (G. F. M.) 
 
 142, 16, 18. Read Lower ; Z. (G. F. M.) 
 
 142, 18. Described by Hartt. 
 
 142, 29. Examples larger than figure 1 b, have been found. (G. F. M.) 
 
 142, 30, 31, 33. Read in all three cases L. C. (G. F. M.) 
 
 142, after 31, insert, Conocoryi>he trilineata, (species Emmons) Walcott, 
 Fauna of Upper Taconic of Emmons, in Amer. Jour. Sci. Vol. 
 34, Sep. 1887, Art 22, p. 197.- See Appendix. 
 
 142, 38. Conodonts are abundant also at Cincinnati. (J. F. J.) 
 
 143, 1. Read Conosticlius. (E. W. C.) 
 
 143, 39. Read crebristriata. (O. B. Harden.) 
 
 144, 11. For septune read septum. 
 
 144, 40. Insert C. magniflca, and other species described by Spencer, in 
 Bull. Miss. University, in 1884. (J. W. D.) 
 
 144, 40. Insert Conularia micronema. Meek ; and C. newberryi, Meek. 
 Pal. Ohio, Vol. 2, p. 316, pi. 18, figs. 1, 2 ; among the most charac- 
 teristic fossils of the Cuyahoga shale in Ohio. (J. S. N.) 
 
XVI 
 
 11:5, over 1, insert, Conularia niagareiisis. Plall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2. See 
 
 Conularia quadrisulcata helow. (J. W. D. ) 
 L45, 22. For C. quadrisulcata, read C. niagarensis. (C quadrisulcata.) 
 
 145, 26. For Miller, read Sowerby. (E. W. C.) 
 
 146, 7. Read Fig. 3. 
 
 146, 23. Read siphuncle. — How can a Conularia have a sipliuncle ? (G. F. 
 M.) 
 
 146, 31. Add dung of reptiles, &c. (J. S. N.) 
 
 147, 21. For corallines, read crinoids. 
 
 147, 33—36. Erase from "small" to "Mill Cr." These are small branching 
 bryozoa. (E. W. C.) 
 
 147, 38. For corallines, read corals. (E. W. C.) 
 
 148, 10. Read Cystiphyllmn ; and 11, corals. 
 
 148, 23. Coral, " Probably Inocaulis plumuliiia. Hall. Pal. N. Y., Vol. 2. 
 
 (J. W. D.) 
 
 149, 1. Read flexuosiiin, rugulosum, spicatum, (E. W. C. ) 
 149, 2. YoT Sigillarim., read Cordaitem. (L. L.) 
 
 149, 10. Read congruens. 
 
 149, 36. A new Cordaites from the Devonian rocks at Meshoppen, Wyom- 
 
 ing Co., Pa. See Dicto-cordaites in the Appendix. 
 
 150, 1. Read Cardloearpus. 
 
 150, 7. Add : "also very abundant in Nova Scotia." (J. W. D. ) 
 
 150, 22. Read 86. 
 
 151, 1. Read lacoei. 
 
 151, 2. Insert Ct>rdaites gracilis. Recently reported by I. C. White from 
 the Tipton Run Coal beds in Blair Co., Pa., hitherto accounted to 
 be in the Pocono No. X formation. (MS. letter Feb. 27, 1889.) 
 
 151, 5. ^Re'Mifolialatiis. 
 
 151, 13. C principalis is very abundant in the Perrao-carboniferous of Nova 
 Scotia tfe Prince Edwards Island. (J. W. D.) 
 
 151, 15. There is no such species as C reflexa. (L. L.) 
 
 151, 37. Read drtisia. 
 
 151, 38. Read DadoxyJon. 
 
 152, 25. Insert Cordaites simplex. See note under C. principalis, above. 
 152,31 — 33. Erroneous description. There are no discs ; only undulations 
 
 of the surface ; the tube is open inside. (R. P. W.) 
 
 153, 2. Read Rogers'. 
 
 153, 22. This Crania corrugata is probably nothing but the under surface 
 of Lichenalia conceiitrica, a br3'ozoon. (R. P. W.) — Probably 
 the base of a coral of the Lichenalian type. See Pal. N. Y. Vol. 
 2, plate 40 E, fig. 5, 6. (J. H.) 
 
 153, 39, 40. Erase 162, 163, 164; and (1); also the 4 on page 154, line 1. (E. 
 
 W. C.) 
 
 154, 12. For Crania prima read Lingulepis pinniformis, the smaller 
 
 (dorsal) valves of which are shown in Owen's figure. (R. P. W.) 
 154, 24. N. H. Winchell does not consider the >St. Croix sandstone as Pots- 
 dam. See his Minnesota Geological Reports. (A. W.) 
 
 154, 34. Crematopteris pennsylvanica, Lesq. is probably a poorly pre- 
 
 served Cordaianthus. (R. D. L. ) 
 
 155, 29. Read Upjjer Cambrian. (G. F. M.) 
 155, 31. Read Upper Cambrian. (C. D. W".) 
 
156, 
 
 9. 
 
 158, 
 
 1. 
 
 158, 
 
 40. 
 
 159, 
 
 15. 
 
 160, 
 
 13. 
 
 160, 
 
 21. 
 
 160, 
 
 36. 
 
 161, 
 
 5. 
 
 161, 
 
 29. 
 
 162, 
 
 11. 
 
 163, 
 
 40. 
 
 164, 
 
 4. 
 
 165, 
 
 1. 
 
 165, 
 
 4. 
 
 165, 
 
 5. 
 
 XVll 
 
 Crepicephalus. Owen's figure, pi. 1 a, fig. 10 should be considered 
 the type species ; a true PtychopaiHa. Walcott uses an old gen- 
 eric name for a new genus ; with Dikelocephalus (?) iowensis^ 
 Owen, pi. 1 a, fig. 13, for its type. (A. W. V.) 
 
 For Falls of the Ohio, read Crawfordsville, Ind. 
 
 Erase "near Bloomsburg" tfec. to . 
 
 Read Darran's Narrows. (E. W. C.) 
 
 Read Spiinfera disjuncta. 
 
 Read Orthoceras, 
 
 Erase IX^ X. (J. J. S.) 
 
 For Black read Green. (J. J. S.) 
 
 Read Robinson. 
 
 Read siphuncle. 
 
 Read Proetus. 
 
 For Lower Siluriayi, II, read Upper Cambrian, U. C, associated 
 with Dicellocephalus, &c., &c. See Bull. 30, U. S. G. S. p. 21, 26. 
 (O. D. W.) 
 
 Read Terebratula, 
 
 Read Ctenoptyeliius Steven soni. Worth en. — Read fish tooth. (J. 
 S. N.) 
 
 Read Cuculoea. 
 
 Read Cuneomya. 
 
 165, 10. For Cyathaxonia lierzeri, read Cyathaxonia wisconsineiisis, 
 Whitfield, Geol. Wise. Vol. 4, 1882, pi. 14, f. 3— 5 ;— Prelim. Des. 
 Ann. Rt. Wise. Geol. Sur. 1878, p. 79. (R. P. W.) 
 165, 20. Read unita. 
 
 165, 21. For Cyatliocrinus Hall, read Lecanocrinus macrope- 
 
 talus. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 2, pi. 45, f. 1, &Q. fig. 5, 5a, 5b. (R. P. 
 W. ; J. C.) — The lower figure however is distinct from the others, 
 and of an undescribed genus. (R. P. W.) — Difierent genera. 
 (J. H.) 
 168, 4. Read Cyathophyllum. 
 
 168, 19. For New York, read Chicago. 
 
 169, 17. Read giganteuni. 
 
 169, 23. Read Cyathophyllum. 
 
 170, 1. Does not seem to be a Cyathophyllum. (G. F. M.) 
 
 171, after 37. Insert Cychrus minor, Horn, and Cychrus wheatleyi, Horn, 
 
 Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc. Vol. -, p. 242, 243. Found in the bone 
 cave at Port Kennedy, Chester Co., Pa. 
 
 172, 18. Read leavenivorthanum. 
 
 174, 1. For Cyclopteris, read Archseopteris jacksoni. See Daw^son's 
 Geol. Hist, of plants, p. 74, f. 24. CR. D. L. and J. W. D.) 
 
 174, 2. For St. John, read Maine. (G. F. M.) 
 
 174, after 4. Insert Cyclopteris obtusa, put by Dawson under Aneimites. 
 See Report on Fossil Plants of Lower Carboniferous and Mill- 
 stone grit 1873, p. 27. (R. D. L.) 
 
 174, 5. For Cyclopteris valida, read Aneimiites valida. Dawson. (R. 
 D. L.) 
 
 174, 6. Head per vetusttim. 
 
 174, after 8. Insert Cymindis aurora, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. — , p. 
 
 243, insect found in Bone cave at Port Kennedy, Chester Co., Pa. 
 
 175, 15. Read ohlongus. 
 
 3 
 
178, 
 
 6. 
 
 178, 
 
 7. 
 
 178, 
 
 12. 
 
 178, 
 
 29. 
 
 ]78, 
 
 39. 
 
 178, 
 
 40. 
 
 179, 
 
 1. 
 
 XVlll 
 
 175, 24. Keact Sanguinolites plicatus. 
 175,25. Read subelliptica. 
 
 175, 27. Read siihellvpticus. 
 
 176, 6. First of the two figures upside down. (J. H. ) 
 176, 25, 26. Erase 29 ; 65. (E. W. C.) 
 
 176, 28. Credit figures and descriptions to Bull. American Museum, in 
 
 Central Park, New York. (R. P. W.) 
 
 177, 9. Cypr. iiiflata does not occur at Water town, N. Y., but is a Wiscon- 
 
 sin species. Emmons' figure here given is probably of some 
 Modiolopsis. (R. P. W.) 
 
 Read angustatiis. 
 
 Read catskillensis. Also on line 9. 
 
 Compare this figure with Palcnanatina typa^ Hall, 1870, Prel. Not. 
 Lam. VIII g. (J. II.) 
 
 For Cyp. reciirvus, read Cimltaria recurva. (R. P. W.) 
 
 For act read fact. 
 
 Read Orbicula. 
 
 For Cyp. rtionibeus, read Cytherodon. rhombeum, Hall, Pal. N. 
 Y. Vol. 5, pi. 75, f. 19-23. (R. P. W.) 
 179, 18. For better figures than those here given see Geology of Tennessee, 
 Plate 2. (J. M.S.) 
 
 Read trancattts. 
 
 Erase 9. — Line 33, erase 3, and 25. — Line 35, erase 46, 47, 48, 53. — 
 Line 36, erase 20, 5, 29, 48. — Line 37, 38, erase "Rambo's, Hamil- 
 ton jSK (107-1.) " (E. W. C.) 
 
 Read expansum. 
 
 Read treiitoiieiiwis. — This figure is an Oncoceras. (R. P. W. ) 
 
 This figure is a Gyroceras. (R. P. W. ) 
 
 For X read XL (J. J. S.) 
 
 Read Schoharie. 
 
 Read {CyrtonelLa). ( J. H.) 
 
 For Melier, read Miller. 
 
 Read aiiiericaiium. 
 
 Read Hainie. 
 
 For "bases of crinoidal columns, or stone lily stems" Matthew 
 queries if they be not tubes of Aulopora. Claypole says Aulo- 
 pora. A. Winchell also. Whitfield, buds of Aulopora, J. F. 
 James, branches or cells of the Polyzoans, probably a species ot 
 Aulopora. Collett suggests Tentaculites. 
 187, after 18. Insert Cytlierodoii rliombeiini, wrongly named Cypricardi- 
 
 tes r ho nib ens on page 179 above. (R. P, W.) 
 187, next line. Insert Dadoxylon, a kind of wood. (J. W. D.) 
 187, 21. Read (Odoutoeliile. ) For a^geria, read egeria. (E. W. C.) 
 187, 27. Read Ibooilii. 
 
 French authors are using Cryph(Eus for such species as Dalmanites 
 boothi, Grreen. But Green's generic name Cryphmus is objection- 
 able because used for another genus in Natural History. (A. 
 W. V.) 
 187, 33. To the figures here add the figure on page 111 above given to Caly- 
 
 mene ? 
 
 mauites callitiles is a synonym of Dalmanites boothi. (R. 
 P. W.^ 
 
 180, 
 
 1. 
 
 180, 
 
 32. 
 
 181, 
 
 5. 
 
 181, 
 
 19. 
 
 181, 
 
 26. 
 
 182, 
 
 3. 
 
 182, 
 
 24. 
 
 183, 
 
 1. 
 
 183, 
 
 10. 
 
 183, 
 
 31. 
 
 183, 
 
 36. 
 
 184, 
 
 26. 
 
189, 
 
 31. 
 
 190, 
 
 1. 
 
 192, 
 
 1. 
 
 192, 
 
 5. 
 
 192, 
 
 6. 
 
 XIX 
 
 388, 7 ; 8 ; 10. Erase 47 ; 14 ; 12, 13. (E. W. C.) 
 
 188, 34. Read longicaudatus. 
 
 189, 16. Read cheek. 
 
 189, 21. Read myrinecophorus. 
 
 189, 26. Clay pole and White In their Reports give their reasons for recog- 
 nizing no Upper Helderberg limestones in Middle Pennsylvania 
 Their reasons are wholly palseontological ; the fossils are all Ma7' 
 cellus forms. I do not accept this fact as a sufficient argument 
 for so important a conclusion as the cessation of sediments in the 
 Upper Helderberg age over an area showing no certain marks of 
 stratigraphical nonconformability. 
 Read pleuroptyx. (R. P. W.) 
 Read pleuroptyx. (R. P. W.) 
 
 Insert Daiiacites, Goepp., and Declienia, Goepp. (L. L. ) 
 Read brachynota and bracliynota. 
 
 The absurd spacing of the page above and below Delthyris com- 
 plicata was the result of the compositor's misunderstanding a 
 direction for spacing out the whole of a short page, given on the 
 last revise. 
 192, 11. Read stamiiiea. 
 
 192, 22. For inedialis, read audacula, Conrad. (R. P. W.) 
 192, 25. Read mucronata. 
 192, 28. Read radiata. 
 192, 30. Read sinuata. 
 
 192, 31. Read stainiiiea. 
 
 193, 1. Read Deltox>tycliiiis. 
 193, 14. Read {erpeton.) 
 
 193, 16. For Calami te tree, read iSigillaria. (J. W. D.) 
 
 193,22. Read, "or a similar reptile." — Compare Mantell's Telerpeton elgi- 
 nense from the Old Red of Scotland. It is my personal opinion 
 that this part of the Old Red is really Lower Carboniferous and 
 not Devonian. The Telerpeton may however be even Triassic* 
 (A. Winchell.) 
 
 194, 5. Itead Tatamagouche. 
 
 195, 38. Read (manganesian or ferruginous.) 
 
 196, ovei 38, insert Deataliam cericeum, Worthen, 111. Report, found in the 
 
 Coal measures of Illinois and Indiana. (J. C.) 
 196, 21. For Clwphycus, read Gliloephycus. — Miller & Dyer never made a 
 genus Zygophycus. The genera AristophycuSy ChloephycuSj 
 Trichophycas, &c., were referred by J. F. James to inorganic 
 causes as early as 1884. See Fucoids of the Cincinnati Group, 
 Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. Oct., 1884, Jan., 1885, Vol. 7. * (J. F. J.) 
 198, over \, insert Dicallas alutaceus, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, 
 p. 244, found in the Port Kennedy bone cave, Chester Co., Pa. 
 
 198, 1. Read harti. 
 
 199, 5. For 62, read 21. (G. F. M.) 
 199, 25. Read crassus. 
 
 199, 26. Read Dicryospongia fenestrata. (G. F. M.) 
 
 199, after 37, insert Dicto-cordaites, a genus, just established by Dawson. 
 Amer. Jour. Science, July, 1889, allied to Cordaites, with figure 
 and description of the specimen from Meshoppen, Wyoming Co., 
 Pa., in Lacoe's cabinet at Pittston, from Devonian strata. See 
 Appendix. 
 
XX 
 
 200, 1. Head Dictyospougia prlsmatica. 
 
 200, 5. Read Cyatliospongia reticulata. 
 200, 8. Read Dictyospongia ramosa. 
 200, 14. For are read is. 
 200, 16. Read Dictyospongia redfieldi. 
 
 200, 18. Read Dictyospongia tiiberosa. 
 
 201, 1. Read Dictyospongia ? 
 
 201, 25. Read Trevorton. 
 
 201, 36. Read Pflanz. 
 
 201, 40. Insert Didyrnophleps coiitusa, Scudder. A cockroach from Ver- 
 
 million Co., 111. Mem. Bost. N. H. S. A"ol. 3, p. 530, pi. 29, f, 6. 
 Coal measures, XIII. 
 
 202, 1. Insert Dieconeura arcuata, Scudder. A cockroach from Mazon 
 
 Cr., 111. Mem. Bost. N. H. S. Vol. 3, p. 336, pi. 30, f. 4. Coal 
 Measures, XIII. 
 202, 5. Diagrams of the dentition of this fish from Pal. Ohio. Vol. 2, pp. 7, 
 8, will be given in the Appendix. 
 
 202, 14. Read Huron and Cleveland, or Ohio shale. 
 
 203, 7. The Huron shale of Ohio is not the Genesee of New York, but rep- 
 
 resents all from the Marcellus up to the Portage. (J. S. N.) 
 203, 9. Insert Dinichthys terrelli, New. Pal. Ohio. Vol. 2, p. 7, and plates. 
 A diagram of the dentition should be given. (J. 8. N.) See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 205, 14. Read cylindraceum. 
 
 205, 20. Read stramineum. (That is, made of straws. ) 
 
 206, 2. Insert Diplodas compressus ; D. gracilis ; D. latus, from Pal. 
 
 Ohio. Vol. 2, p. 44, pi. 58. (J. S. N.) See Appendix. 
 206, 26. Read Utica slate III a. All these graptolites are found in Utica, 
 
 never in Hudson river slate. (R. P. W.) 
 206, 33. Read radicle. 
 206, 38. Read Retiograptus. 
 
 206, 40. Read Utica slate III a. 
 
 207, 2. Note. — In Pennsylvania, Formation No. Ill includes Hudson 
 
 River slate and Utica slate. While the distinction is evident in 
 Middle Pennsylvania, it is very obscure or entirely disappears in 
 the Lehigh-Dauphin-Cumberland-Great Valley" range. Rogers' 
 .graptolites were probably found at the bottom of No. Ill, i. e., in 
 the Utica slate. Those collected by the survey in recent years 
 were got in the bottom beds (Utica). There are in Europe sev- 
 eral fixed horizons of graptolites. (See for convenience of ref- 
 erence. Prof. Lapworth's last paper in the Geol. Mag. of London, 
 Feb. 1889, page 65.) There is an Upper Silurian horizon of Grap- 
 tolites, and the entire family of the Monograptidce is confined to 
 that horizon. The t7'^?;ca horizon is much lower and older; and 
 there are other horizons still lower and still older ; to one of which 
 the observation on page 207, lines 12 to 15 refers. Diplograptus is 
 a genus of Graptolites supposed to be exclusively confined to Or- 
 dovician {Lower Silurian, Siluro-Cambrian) strata. No Dip- 
 lograptus has been accepted as a Cambrian graptolite by all 
 palaeontologists, although some Cambrian forms have been given 
 this name by individual palseontologists ; for example, Diplo- 
 graptus simplex. The evolution theory is very dogmatic and 
 
XXI 
 
 despotic, however, and will not allow the identity of two forms 
 found in two widely separated horizons even when the closest 
 scrutiny can detect no difference. Oddly enough the bitterest op- 
 ponent of evolution, Lewis Agassiz, carried this prejudice to its 
 extreme, by refusing to regard two fossils as of the same species 
 if they were found even in two subdivisions of the same forma- 
 tion. 
 
 207, 16. Diplograi>tus ? simplex. Probably some other genus. (G. F. M. ) 
 
 208, 5. Read Utica formation. Til a. 
 
 208, 32. For X— 6, read 6—10. (E. W. C.) 
 
 209, 4. Read "not Orbicula lamellosa.''' (R. P. W.) 
 209, 24. Read 1885. 
 
 209, 35. For X-10, 16, 20, read 6-21. (E. W. C.) 
 
 210, 1. Disci na grandis, a synonym of Discina ampla, to which the 
 
 whole paragraph should be transferred. (E. W. C.) 
 210, 14. Hall's Report on the 4th District of N. Y. 1843, is always meant 
 
 when "Hall" stands thus alone. So of Vanuxem's Report on 
 
 the Third District of N. Y. 1842, when "Vanuxem" stands alone. 
 
 "Rogers" standing alone refers to his Geol. Pa. 1858. 
 210, 24. For 25 read 23. (E. W. C.) 
 210, 37. Erase 20. (E. W. C.) 
 
 212, 28. Insert Dyscritus vetustus, Scudder. A cockroach from St. John, 
 
 N. B. Geol. Mag. Lond. Vol. 5, 1868, p. 172, 176. (See Dawson's 
 figures of these insects in Geol. Mag. Vol. 4, September, 1867, p- 
 
 385.) Devonian strata. VITI? IX? 
 
 Eatonia medialis. The first two figures here given are of Lepto- 
 ccelia flabellites, Conrad ; the third figure is of Leptoeoelia fiin- 
 briata, Hall. (R. P. W.) 
 
 213, 19. Rogers' fig. 640 is an Athyris. (R. P. W.) 
 
 213, 38. Erase 6. (E. W. C.) 
 
 214, 6. Reverse the figure ; the creature is now shown lying on its back. 
 
 (J. H.) 
 
 214, 10. Read 655, fig. 863. (R. P. W.) 
 
 214, 18. Read spines. 
 
 214, after 26 insert Edestes davisi found in Australia; Edestes gigan- 
 teus, and Edestes lieinrichi, both found in Illinois ; Edestes 
 minor, found in Illinois. (E. W. C) 
 
 214, 27. This is not Edestes vorax, but Edestes minor, Newb. See An- 
 nals of N. Y. Acad. Sc. Vol. 4, 1888. (J. S. N.) 
 
 214, 40. For iSubcarboni/ei^ous, read Coal measures of Arkansas. The 
 
 genus Edestes in America has up to this date been found no- 
 where but in the Mississippi Valley coal fields. (E. W. 0.) 
 
 215, 1. Read Aspiiiwallensis. (R. P. W.) 
 
 215, 11. Erase (Black Foss.) ; the two limestones are different. (J. J. S.) 
 
 215, 36 to 40. Erase the whole, as out of place, and better expressed in its 
 
 proper place on page 330 below. 
 
 216, 7. For Edmondia read Cypricardites. (R. P. W.) 
 
 216, under 14 insert Eileticus anthracinus, Scudder. Mem. Boston S. 
 
 N. H. Vol. 3, p. 179, pi. 13, fig. 56, from Mazon creek, 111., (Joal 
 7neasures, XIII. — See Appendix. 
 216,37. For throat read thoracic, (chest.) 
 
 217, 2. Insert "Hall," belore Rogers. 
 
XX 11 
 
 217, 6. Read tenuitextum. 
 
 217, 13. Read Balleyi, and haileyi. 
 
 217, 18. ReadPalgeon. 
 
 218, 14. For coralline read cystid. (J. C.) 
 
 218, 30. Read 68-7.— On line 31, erase 4.— On line 32, erase 11, 12, 14, 15, 25. 
 
 (E. W. C.) 
 
 219, 2. Eopteris morieri was considered a vegetable organism, by one of 
 
 the highest authorities. Count Saporta, of France. But other fos- 
 sil botanists of eminence dispute it. Sir J. W. Dawson writes to 
 me (Feb. 13, 1889), "I have examined the original specimen of 
 E. morieri^ and know that it is not a plant, but merely a plumose 
 crystallization of pyrite." "So I was told by tlie botanists in 
 Europe." (J. S. Newberry.) 
 219,38. 'RQ2id. Enaliosaiirian. 
 
 220, 1. Add : Geol. Sur. 111., Vol. 3, 186S, p. 560. 
 
 220, 12. Stevenson objects to my use of the popular name 'lobsters ; " but 
 
 this dictionary is not written for men of science, nor even for 
 students of PahBontology as such, but for the people of Pennsyl- 
 vania, whose convenience in using it I consult first. 
 
 221, 14. Erase so-called. (J. W. D.) 
 
 221, 15. For Truro read " Grenviile and elsewhere in." (J. W. D. ) 
 
 221, 26. Read Quaternary. 
 
 223, 1. Read crithmifoUa. (L. L.; R. D. L.) 
 
 223, 37. Read word. 
 
 224, 18. Read veriieuilianuiii. 
 
 225, 15. Read Arcliseoscyphia minganeiisis (EthmophylluTn oninganense). 
 
 This change of name has been made by Walcott after Dr. G. J. 
 Hinde's recent revision of Walcott's Ethmophyllum group. Hinde 
 proposes Archmoscyphius minganensis, in his "Note on the 
 spicules described by Billings in connection with the structure of 
 Archmocyathiis wiiiiganensis^ Geol. Mag. Dec. Ill, Vol. V. No. 5, 
 p. 226, 1888; and paper read before the Geol. Soc, London, Dec. 
 19, 1888. He makes it a silicious sponge. The other species he 
 makes corals of the new family of Archceocyathince, the type 
 species of which is ArchcEocyathus profu7idus. For A . atlanticus. 
 Hinde establishes a new genus, Spirocyathu^, a coral of the 
 family of Archwocyathince. Ethmophyllum he retains as the 
 name of another genus of this same family. (J. D. D.) "I do 
 not agree with Walcott's new arrangement of Archceocyathus of 
 Billings. See Hinde's recent papers, &c." (J. W. D. ] 
 
 225, 40. For Lower Cambrian read Lower Silurian ( Calciferous sandstone^ ) 
 
 II a. (C. D. W.) 
 
 226, 1. Read Arcliseocyatlius profundus. {Ethmophyllum prof andum.) 
 
 (C. D. W.) 
 
 227, 1. Read Arclite:>cyatliiis prof aiidtts. {Ethmophyllum prof undum..) 
 
 (C. D. W., who says (Ms. Corr., Feb., 1889) that after Hinde's re- 
 searches he restores Billings' name for this fossil, but lets Eth- 
 mophylluTYi rarum and r en ss el mi cum. stand with a query mark to 
 each, for the present.) 
 
 227, 25. Read Ethinophyllum ? rariim. (C. D. W.) 
 
 228, 1. Read Ethmophyllum ? rensseltericuni. (C. D. W.) 
 
 223, 22. Etoblattlna halteata, Scudder, Gerablattina balteata. Scud, 
 
XXIU 
 
 See above. Name changed in Proc. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 24, 1889, 
 
 p. 46, 48. Upper Coal measui^es of W. Va. XVI. 
 Etoblatiiiia fasciata, Scudder. A cockroach from the Barren 
 
 Coal measures of Richmond, Jeff. Co. O., and the Upper Coal 
 
 measures of Cassville, W. Ya. Proc. B. S. N. H. Vol. 24, p. 
 
 47, 48, 
 Etotolattlna liustoni, Scudder, Wills creek, Richmond, O. Proc. 
 
 Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 24, p. 53, XIV. 
 Etoblattina lesquereuxii, Scudder. From tiie anthracite. Gates 
 
 vein, near Pittston, Pa. Mem. Bost. S. N. FI. Vol. 3, 1879, p. 67- 
 
 69, pi. 6, f. 3, 4. XIII. 
 Etoblattina margiiiata, Scudder, Richmond, O. Proc. Bost. S. 
 
 N. H. Vol. 24, p. 48-50. XIV. 
 Etoblattina mazona, Scudder, Mazon Cr., 111. Proc. Bost. S. N. 
 
 H. Vol. 21, 1882, p. 391. XIII. 
 Etoblattina stipata, Scudder, Richmond, O. Proc. Bost. S. N. 
 
 H. Vol. 24, 1889, p. 50. XIV. 
 Etoblattina strigosa, Scudder, Ditio, p. 52. XIV. 
 Etoblattina tenuis, Scudder, Ditto, p. 46. XIV. 
 Etoblattina variegata, Scudder, Ditto, p. 51. XIV. 
 Etoblattina venusta, Scudder, (Blattina venusta, Lesq. Second 
 
 Geol. Rt. of Arkansas, 1860, p. 314, pi. 5, f. 11). Mem. Bost. S. N. 
 
 H. Vol. 3, 1879, p. 70, pi. 6, f. 12. From base of Conglomerate^ at 
 
 Frog Bayou, Ark. — XII. 
 Eucoenus ovalis, Scudder. A cockroach from a Mazon creek 
 
 nodule. 111. Mem. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1885, p. 325, pi. 29, f. 4. 
 
 Coal measures, XIII. 
 229, 1. Hall's figure 3, here given, is not of Eucalyptocrinus decorus, but 
 
 of Ichthyocrinuslsevis, Conrad, Sp. (R. P. W.) 
 
 229, 17. Euephemerites affinis ; E. gigas ; E. primordialis ; E. simplex ; de- 
 
 scribed by Scudder in Mem. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1885, p. 350, 
 have been abandoned, as they are probably not cockroach wmgs 
 but fragments of plants. (R. D. Lacoe.) 
 
 230, 1. Emmons' tigure 394, here given, is not the Carboniferous gastero- 
 
 pod Euo7nphalus catilloides of Conrad ; but is the Lower Silu- 
 rian cephalopod Ijituites undatus of Conrad. (R. P. W.) 
 
 230, 34. Read clyinenioides, and clymenioides. 
 
 231, 12. The figures here given are of a Cyelonema. (R. P. W.) Read 
 
 also pervetustum. 
 
 231, 34. Read subriig-osus, Meek & Worthen, Illinois Report Vol. 5, p. 
 
 607, who found rugosus preempted by Sower by in 1829 for quite 
 a different European fossil. (J. C. ; R. P. W.) 
 
 232, 14. Hall's Straparollus rugosus was preoccupied (as just said.) (R. 
 
 P. W.) 
 
 233, 9. '' This is a mistake which ought not to be perj^etuated. The forms 
 
 alluded to here sive fresh water species and mostly undescribed." 
 (I. C. W. ) They must therefore be removed from Euomphalus, 
 to other genera when studied. 
 233, 13. Euphoberia anguilla, Scudder. A myriopod found in a Mazon 
 Creek nodule. 111. See Mem. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1882, p. 179, 
 pi. 13, f. 5, 6. Coal measures, XIII. 
 
XXIV 
 
 Add reference to Amer. Jour. S. Yol. 46, 1868, p. 25. Also Goel. 
 
 Sur. 111. Vol. 3, p. 556, f. 3. This is Scudder's E. granosa. 
 233, 22. Euphoberia carri, Scudder. Mem. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1882, p. 
 
 172, pi. 12, fig. 4, 9-12, 14-19, and pi. 13, fig. 16-18. Mazon Cr., 111. 
 
 Coal measures^ XIII. 
 Euphoberia granosa, Scudder. Ditto, p. 168, pi. 12, fig. 22, 24-26 
 
 and pi. 13, fig. 13. 
 Euphoberia horrida, Scudder. Ditto, p. 158, pi. 13, fig. 11, 12, 14^ 
 Euphoberia major, Meek & Wortlien. See Acantherpestes major, 
 
 Scudder. 
 233, 24. Eiiproops is not in use. This species should be called Prestwichia 
 
 colletti, Avhich I think is the same as P. dance, (A. W. V.) 
 
 233, 34. Read Durkee's ferry. (J. 0.) 
 
 234, 1. For Euproops, read PrestAvicliia daiiee. (A. W. V.) 
 
 For Belllniirus, read Belinurns ; See Koenig's Icones Fossiliunn 
 Sectiles, London, 1820, pi. 18, fig. 230. Genus described by Bailey 
 in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1863, p. 105. (A. W. V.) 
 
 234, 20. Eurylepis, Newb. a genus of PalceoiiuHceid fishes, oi' which eight 
 
 (8) species are found in a bed of cannel (Coal No. 7, of the Ohio 
 series) at Linton, Ohio, near the Pennsylvania line ; and never 
 found elsewhere. See Pal Ohio, Vol. 1, pp. 255, 285, 347 to 355. 
 (J. S. N.) See A'ppeiidix. 
 Zittell's figure very bad. (J. S. N.) 
 
 235, 39. For Coal era read "in the ages preceding the Coal." (G. F. M.) 
 
 236, 5. Read shrimp. 
 
 236, 10. Credit DeKay, before Vanuxem. (R. P. W.) Eurypterus remipes 
 was described by Vanuxem as found near Waterville, N. Y., in 
 strata holding the most easterly gypsum hopper seen by him in 
 Middle New York. He made it therefore a fossil of the 07iondaga 
 (Salina) salt group. Subsequently it becamer known as a fossil 
 characteristic of the Waterlime subdivision of the Lower Helder- 
 herg formation, and all Hall's plates give it that horizon. 
 E iirypter as described by DeKay Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., Vol. 
 1, 1825, pi. 2, p. 375. (A. W. V.) 
 
 236, 19. Favistella stellata is a synonym for Columnarla alveolata. Gold- 
 
 fuss, 1826. (J. F. J.) 
 
 237, 38. For Manual read Manuel. 
 
 238, 3. Add to Perry Co. "and Stroudsburg, Monroe Co." (E. W. C.) 
 240, 1. Fav. fibrosus is not Hall's name. (R. P. W.) 
 
 240, 19. Fav. gothlandicus, Lamarck. 
 
 240, 24. Favosites lycopodites probably a Monticulipora. (J. W. D.) 
 
 240, 40. Read Frankfort. 
 
 245, 23. Read specimen 5-20, and erase the 2. (E. W. C.) 
 
 246, 1. Filicites ? This m Phimalina plumaria, Hall, 30th An. Rt. 
 
 1877, pi. 4, fig 1 to 5. Also, Ptiloj)hyton vanuxemi, Dawson ; Coal 
 Flora, III, p. 790 ; see Report on Devonian of Canada, 1882 (J. 
 W. D.) 
 
 247, 23. Read Hybodus. 
 
 248, 9. Read Hybocladodus. 
 20. Read Rhadinichthys. 
 
 35. Onchus clintoni, 3, QYU^i'a.QQQin. (R. P. W.) 
 35. Erase 50 a 7. (E. W. C, ) 
 
XXV 
 
 249, 14. Read XIII. 
 
 33. Read scale and spine. 
 
 260, 13. Read Per mo-carboniferous, XVI, (I. C. W.) 
 
 25. Read parenchyma. 
 
 32. This is the tigiire of a Silurian crinoid. (R. P. W.) 
 
 251, 14. Read Schodack. 
 
 16, Read Rusophyeus bilobatus, 
 
 17. Read Taonuras for Spirophyton. (R. D. L.) 
 
 21. Insert Harlan, and read Arthrophyciis harlani, Hall, for Harlaiiia 
 
 lialli, Goepp. See Hall, Pal. N. Y. II, p. 5. (R. D. L.) 
 
 22. The same correction. 
 
 25. Read graphic as. (E. W. C.) 
 
 252, 4. The same correction. 
 7. Insert Harlan. 
 
 12. Read Fucoides — "Is not this SeoUtkus'! (J. W. D.) 
 
 253, 1. Read (ventricosa). 
 
 12. Fytolithus. Erase the line. (E. W. C.) 
 
 30. Add : xMem. Bost. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1885, p. 329, pi. 30, fig. 2, 3 ; speci- 
 Anen in Lacoe's collection at Pittston. (R. D. L.) 
 
 33. For {Eoblattina 'f) read : now Etoblattina balteata. 
 
 33. Insert Genopteryx constrieta, Scudder ; a hexapod insect found 
 in a Mazon Creek nodule ; Mem. B. S. N. H. Vol. 3, 1885, p. 327, 
 pi. 29, tig. 4. Coal measures. Now in Lacoe's collection at Pitts- 
 ton. XIII. 
 
 33. The figure of G. balteata is upside down. (C. D. W.) 
 
 39. Read 1879. Vol. 3, p. 110, pi. 6, figs. 9, 10. 
 
 40. InsertGerablattinafasoigera (J5Za/;^^>^a) Scudder. A cockroach 
 
 from the base of the Conglomerate near Pittston ; in Lacoe's col- 
 lection. Mem. B. S. N. H. Vol. 2, 1879, p. 113, pi. 6, fig. 1, 2.— 
 XIL 
 
 254, 4. Read XII. (1. C. W.) 
 5. Read Gingko. 
 
 Geralinura carbonarius ; Geraphrognus carbonarius ; Ger- 
 apompus blattinoides,Gerapompu8 extensus, Gerarus danse, 
 Gerarusmazonus, Gerarus vestus ; and Gerephemera simplex : 
 all insects described by Scudder will be found in the Appendix. 
 22. Read Jonkin's farm. And for east read south. (E. W. C.) 
 
 255, 38. Erase 6. (E. W. C.) 
 
 39. Read Cardiola speciosa. (E. W. C.) 
 
 256, 1. Read discoideus. 
 
 10. Head Leiorhynchus limitarls. (R. P. W. ) 
 
 257, 5. Read crenistria. 
 10. Read ferratus. 
 
 258, 23. Read interseptal. 
 
 37. UQ'a.d scitulus. (E. W. C.) 
 
 259, 8. Erase 104-39, two. (E. W. C.) 
 
 260, 7. For Gorgonia, read Dictyonema. See Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 
 
 (R, P. W.) 
 24. Same correction. 
 32. Read Gorgonia. 
 
 261, 1. Read Dictyonema. 
 
 26. Head {.sphenomya cuneata.) 
 4 
 
262, 
 
 9. 
 
 
 34. 
 
 
 35. 
 
 263, 
 
 27. 
 
 264, 
 
 6. 
 
 
 10. 
 
 
 17. 
 
 
 18. 
 
 
 20. 
 
 265, 
 
 2. 
 
 
 4. 
 
 266, 
 
 1. 
 
 
 3. 
 
 
 8. 
 
 
 12. 
 
 
 24. 
 
 
 29. 
 
 267, 
 
 10. 
 
 268, 
 
 3. 
 
 269, 
 
 
 
 6. 
 
 
 16. 
 
 XXVI 
 
 Erase 36 ; and on line 10 erase D, also 9. 
 Read hannibalense. 
 Read Shumard. 
 Read {Peyitremites melo.) 
 Now Diplo^raptus dentatus. (J. W. D. ) 
 Read graptolites. 
 
 Now Didymograptas divaricatus. (J. W. D.) 
 Read Utica shale, Ilia. (R. P. W. ) 
 Same correction. 
 Same correction. 
 
 Now Dictiograptus logani. (J. W. D.) 
 Read Levis. 
 
 Insert Hall before Walcott. (R. P. W.) 
 For LorainSj etc., read Utica, II a. (R. P. W.) 
 Same correction. 
 Read Graptolithus. 
 Read Retiograptus. 
 Read burliiigtonense. 
 For Meyer, read C. S. White. 
 After 3 insert Gyroceras expansiim, Sseman. See Nautilus bucci- 
 
 num, Hall. VIII c. 
 Read Vol. 1. 
 
 Read Halonia tortuosa, (and erase H. tuberculata) which is a 
 good name. Lesq. Coal Flora., p. 413, pi. 61, fig. 1, 3. (R. D. L.) 
 40. ''Lepidodendroid trees allied to Lepidophloios, and mostly decorti- 
 cated. (J. W. D.) 
 271, 6. For escliaroides, read cateuulatus, the same as on page 270. (J. 
 J. S. &R. P. W.) 
 Read Little Glace Bay. 
 Read (coleopterids. ) 
 Read longipeniie. (E. W. C.) 
 For : under the, read, near the base of. 
 For 286, read 41, 157.— For XI read XII. Add. Proc. Am. Acad. 
 
 Vol. 20, 1888, p. 172. 
 Read Pty chop aria. 
 
 XfiQv Niagai'a 2u&d Clinton. (E. W. C.) 
 Read Rafinesque. 
 Read Heliophyllum. 
 Read Aulopora. 
 
 Insert Hemeristia occidentalis. See Appendix. 
 For Heinipronites read Streptorhynchus. (R. P. W.) 
 Erase : and the same. (J. J. S.) 
 
 Read XI. " No. X has no observed fossils in Fayette and West- 
 moreland counties, except near the head of Redstone creek, and 
 there they sxejisft remains^ very indefinite." (J. J. S.) 
 There is no Hemipronites crenistria. All unite in considering it 
 
 IhQ ij^Q of Streptorhynchus. (R. P. W.) 
 Erase the comma after Heterocrinus. 
 Insert here (from page 298) mppurites, &c. 
 Read obliquus. 
 
 Holoptychius americanus, Leidy, is probably distinct from H. 
 nobillissimus, the scales being only half as large. (J. S. N.) 
 
 
 22. 
 
 
 25. 
 
 272, 
 
 6. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 
 8. 
 
 
 20. 
 
 273, 
 
 10. 
 
 275, 
 
 14. 
 
 281, 
 
 29. 
 
 
 33. 
 
 
 83. 
 
 282, 
 
 1. 
 
 
 31. 
 
 
 33. 
 
 282, 
 
 39. 
 
 283, 
 
 4. 
 
 
 19. 
 
 
 32. 
 
 284, 
 
 29. 
 
286, 
 
 8. 
 
 287, 
 
 7. 
 
 
 9. 
 
 
 34. 
 
 288, 
 
 8. 
 
 288, 
 
 25. 
 
 289, 
 
 8. 
 
 
 13. 
 
 291, 
 
 4. 
 
 
 7. 
 
 
 8. 
 
 
 34. 
 
 
 36. 
 
 291, 
 
 38. 
 
 292, 
 
 3. 
 
 
 5. 
 
 293, 
 
 11. 
 
 
 12. 
 
 
 16. 
 
 
 23. 
 
 294, 
 
 24. 
 
 xxvu 
 
 Holoptychius is closely allied to Saiiripteris but not certainly 
 
 identical. (J. S. N.) 
 Read Recherches. 
 Read Scottish. 
 Erase 3, 7, 13. (E. W. C.) 
 Read Silurian System founded on Geol., Researches, &c., London, 
 
 1839, pi. 7, figs. 1 «, 1 b, (A. W. V. ) 
 Erase 161, 13. (E. W. C.) 
 
 Insert HomothLetus fossilis, Scudder. See Appendix, 
 Read skull. 
 Read Hylo7iomus. 
 Read Fundy. 
 Read iSigillariiv) . 
 Read hildrethi. 
 Read Kanawha. 
 Rhacophyllum expaiisum, found at Olyphant, Lackawanna Co.j 
 
 Pa. Lesq. Coal Flora. XTII. (R. D. L.) 
 Read Sphenopteris liildrethi, Lesq. Coal Flora, p. 283. (R. I). L.) 
 Read Kanawha. 
 ReadX. G. (G. F. M.) 
 Read acadicus. 
 
 Read Lower Qamhrian^ L. C (G. F. M. ) 
 Read aealeata. 
 Read carTbonarius. 
 
 295, 20 and 22. Read Lower Cambrian^ L. C. 
 27. Read Hall and Whitfield. (R. P. W.) 
 
 296, 6 and 8. Resid Lower Gambi^ian, L. C. (G. F. M.) 
 22. Read U. S. G. S. 
 
 297, 18 and 21. Read Lower Cambrian. L. O. (G. F. M.) 
 
 298, 3. Read Hippurites and transfer to page 283. 
 
 298, The long» spine is that Machcer acanthus sulcatus, Newb., the 
 
 shorter ones, of MachcEr acanthus 7najor, Newb. Pal. Ohio, Vol. 
 1, p. 304, pi. 25, fig. 2, (J. S. N.) 
 
 299, 5. Read cheek. 
 
 300, 24. Read (J. W. Dawson.) 
 39. Read contributions. 
 
 301, 3. ReadWalcott. 
 
 301, 10. Isotelus canalis, should be Asaphus canalis. See Whitfield's 
 
 excellent description of it in Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., Vols. 
 1, 2, especially plates 11 and 12. (A. W. V.) 
 11. For Trenton & ILudson river, read Birdseye and below; for J. 
 canalis has not been found in New York State above the Birds- 
 eye limestone ; never yet in Trenton, nor in Hudson river. (R. 
 P. W.) 
 
 302, 1. For Isotelus gigas read Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes. ( A. W. V. ) 
 302, 33. Insert : Often found in the Hudson river (Cincinnati) formation in 
 
 Ohio. (E. W. C.) 
 302, 40. Read acicularis. 
 305, 1. Leaia triearinata has had here given to it, by mistake, the figures 
 
 which belong to the trilobite Phillipsia scltula. The correct 
 
 figures will be given in the Ap>%)endix. 
 
XXVIU 
 
 11. A figure of Leaia leidyi will be found in the group of figures at 
 the top of page 309, below, under the word Leperditia okeni. 
 
 14. After "above" add "all except the lower figure which represents 
 a diff'erent and undescribed species." (R. P. W.) 
 
 28. Read rostellata. 
 
 34. Read globuliforme. (E. W. C.) 
 39. Erase 2. ( E. W. C. ) 
 
 306, 8. Read limitare. 
 
 19. Erase 1. (p]. W. C.) 
 
 39. For 6 read 8 and for 7 read 9. (E. W. C. ) 
 
 307, 1. For 51-3, 6, 8, read 53-8 : and erase 45 and 48. 
 
 2. Read Junkin's. (E. W. C.) 
 
 3. Read Hartzler's. Also Losli. (E. W. C.) 
 
 5. Erase to 81. Also 1, 2, 7, 16 ; 92-2. (E. W. 0.) 
 
 21. Read Lathrop's. Also read Q4. (I. C. W.) 
 
 26. Read quardricostatum. (E. W. C.) 
 
 27. Erase the whole line after Pa. The only specimen from Cedar run 
 
 is a Leperditia alta. The ground is Onondaga {^Salina']. (E, 
 W. C.) 
 31. Read Wapwallopen. 
 
 308, 6. For S-6, read 6-22. (E. W. 0.) 
 25. For X-4, read 4-1. (E. W. 0.) 
 
 40. Read argent ea. 
 
 309, 36. For tieperditia read Aristozoa troyeiisis. Am. J. ^. Vol. 34, p. 
 
 193. (C. D. W.) 
 310 9. The block of figures is upside down. Transfer {Patella levettei, 
 White) from line 9 to line 10, inserting it before OoUett's. ( R. P. W. ) 
 23. Read Randall's. 
 25. Read bullata. 
 
 311, I. Instead of "fern" read "lycopod." (li. L. cfe R. D. L.) Also in 
 
 line 20. 
 17. Read Jas. Clarkson. 
 
 20. For "lern" read "clubmosses." See Glyptodeyidron eatonense. 
 
 (E. W. C.) 
 
 29. Read (222-1). 
 
 30. For " not numbered in tiie collection," read "from Cove Mountain." 
 
 (E. W. C.) 
 
 312, 17. Read caudata. 
 
 Fig. 4 is the same as L. distans, on page 317 ; and L. oculatum, on page 
 319. (E. W. C.) 
 
 313, 6. L.. auric itlu7n is a species unknown to me. (R. D. L ) 
 
 8. The figure block is upside down. 
 
 314, 1. Fig. 127, 2 is not rightly placed under L. chemmigense. It is prob- 
 
 ably L. gaspianiim. See page 318 below. (J. W. D.) 
 
 9. For (28-1) read (32-1). (E. W. C.) 
 ?4. Read veltheimianam. 
 
 315, 10. Read cheilallceiim. (E. W. C.) 
 
 316, 9. Fig. 2 is a very ipoor decorcated specimen. For better figure see 
 
 Acadian Geology. The species is so important that a better figure 
 should be given. (J. W. D.) The figures referred to by ^ Sir 
 James Dawson will be given in the Appendix. 
 
XXIX 
 
 Read Lesquereux. 
 
 After "Arkansas" add "and Colchester, III." (R. D. L.) 
 
 ^ead cheillallcEuin. (E. W. 0.) 
 
 Same correction. 
 
 L. gaspianuni. See note of page 314, line 1, above. 
 
 Erase L. miiiiitam.. (R. D. L. ) 
 
 Read megiston. 
 
 Read Inter conglomerate. (I. O. W.) 
 
 Read Aletfiopteris. 
 
 Figure of L. oculatum^ wrongly placed under L. aculeatum on 
 
 page 312, above. (E. W. C.) 
 For eloDgatiiin, read ellipticum. (R. D. E.) 
 Read 1883. 
 
 Read Lepidodendroii. 
 Read Presl. ; and for Koechl, read Roehl. 
 Read Phytolithus. 
 Read Steinhauer. 
 )er lines. "Divers species are mixed in this. Lepidodendron 
 
 giganteuni. (L. Lesq. ) 
 Read 15 for 16. 
 Read "Rare. In the Archbald," cfec. Also after veins insert, 
 
 "and at." 
 Read Goldenberg. 
 
 ForCollett, read "Lesquereux in CoUett's report. 
 Read S. A. Miller. 
 Read XII. 
 Read Westmoreland. 
 Add : The figure represents a detached blade of Lepidostrobus 
 
 hastatus. See page 326, where there are other figures among 
 
 which this one belongs. (Lacoe. ) 
 25. The figure is of Lepidostrobus lanceolatus. See Lesq. Coal Flora, 
 
 page 436. (Lacoe.) 
 326,11. Lepidophyllum plicatu7ti is an; abandoned species, having been 
 
 founded on an imperfect, distorted specimen. (Lacoe.) 
 35. ^rsise hastatum. The cone is of an unknown species. (Lacoe.) 
 
 327, 1. Erase " 456 and." 
 
 2. Read 10 a, and 11 in part. (Lacoe.) 
 
 25. After blades read : curved at the apex into the stone. (Lacoe. ) 
 
 30. Read 163. 
 
 40. Read 443. 
 
 328, 8. Read Lepidostrobus variabilis. Lacoe refers to Coal Flora Pa. 
 
 page 434, pi. 69, fig. 26. 
 
 20. Leptcena deltoidea is a ^treptortiynclivLS. (R. P. W.) 
 
 21. For depressa, read rhomboidalis. (R. P. W.) 
 
 27. For Strophodonta read Strophouella puuctulifera. Hall. (R. 
 
 P. W.) 
 
 28. Strophomeiia rugosais S. rhomboidaJis. (R. P. W.) 
 
 329, 12. For 223, read S-24. (E. W. C.) 
 
 13. For 19, X read 37; from Hudson River, neur Lowistown. (E. 
 W. C.) 
 
 330, 2, 3, 4. An error. (J. J. S.) 
 
 9. For 223, read S-24, Logan's gap. (E. W. C.) 
 32. Read Stevenson. 
 
 317, 
 
 7. 
 
 
 24. 
 
 
 33. 
 
 318, 
 
 11. 
 
 
 12. 
 
 
 18. 
 
 
 33. 
 
 
 40. 
 
 319, 
 
 7. 
 
 
 37. 
 
 
 39. 
 
 321, 
 
 14. 
 
 
 39. 
 
 322, 
 
 10. 
 
 
 11. 
 
 
 12. 
 
 323, 
 
 up 
 
 
 3L 
 
 
 33. 
 
 324, 
 
 2. 
 
 
 6. 
 
 
 10. 
 
 325, 
 
 6. 
 
 
 22. 
 
 
 24. 
 
XXX 
 
 331, 3. Erase the 1. 
 
 27. Read page 447, fig. 13, 
 
 332, 7. Read paralelum, new species. 
 
 12. An error. Pisgah hill is Hamilton. L. potens was not found in Perry 
 Co., Pa. The fossil here referred to is probably Actinodesina 
 subrectum. 59-9 of the Cat. is a brachiopod. (E. W. C.) 
 
 335, 1. Liesleya grandis, Lesq. has been omitted. See Geol. Sur. Pa., 
 
 Coal Flora, page 143, plate 25, figs. 1, 2, 3. (L. Lesq.) 
 5. All the figures given under Liclias tooltoni belong to Lichas 
 
 breviceps, on page 337 further on. To their place here on page 
 
 335 must be transferred all the figs, on page 337, except fig. 12 
 
 which is of an unknown species. (R. P. W.) 
 9. For chin-piece read lip. (Matthew.) 
 
 336, 1. Read : probably an arachnid of the genus Anthracomartis^ &c, 
 
 (Scudder.) 
 
 4. Read 736, for 236. 
 
 5, Read Platynotus.—l^ ote, that the printer has shaved off both sides 
 
 of the figure to fit the page. 
 
 337, 1. All the figures here j)laced under L. brevicens belong to L. boltoni, 
 
 except fig. 12, which Hall says is of an unknown species. (R. 
 P. W.) 
 3. Read plate 36. — The text here relates to the figures on p. 335. (Mat- 
 thew. ) 
 
 339, 6 to 13. Figures omitted. 
 
 340, 35. Read Millerstown. 
 
 36. Erase 46-5. (E. W. C.) 
 
 37. Read Delville. 
 
 341, 1. Read obsoletus. (E. W. C.) 
 2. Read rugistriata. (E. W. C.) 
 
 20. Liimiia^a humilis should be transferred hither from page 351, 
 
 where it has been mispelled Liiniisea. 
 26. A blunder in proof reading Report T2. It should be Dalmania 
 
 limulurus. (J. J. S. ) 
 30. Read Linguella acuininata, and transfer the figures and text to 
 that name on page 350. ( Walcott ; Matthew. ) 
 
 Read Lingulella antiqua. (Matthew.) 
 
 Vanuxem. Fig. upside down. 
 
 Read Lingiilella dawsoiii, Matthew. I follow Walcott in making it 
 Middle Cambrian. Matthew would correct it to Lower Cam- 
 brian ; and so other cases on page 345, 351. 
 
 Read Bedford. 
 
 Read 60-8. 
 
 Read concentric. 
 
 Read papillae. 
 
 Read acutirostra. (E. W. C.) 
 
 Note. — This may be a rule, but there are more exceptions than 
 otherwise. (R. P. W.) 
 
 Read Triarthrus. 
 
 Read Monog. Scot. Carl Bracli. ; Ohio, &c. 
 
 Insert Lingula spathata. Hall, Pal. N. Y. Vol. 3, 1S39, Loiv ?r Hel- 
 derberg ; three specimens of which were gathered by Clay pole 
 at station 40, at Shipping Rocks, west of Mexico P. O., Perry 
 
 342, 
 
 20. 
 
 343, 
 
 2. 
 
 344, 
 
 ]. 
 
 345, 
 
 4. 
 
 346, 
 
 13. 
 
 
 24. 
 
 
 28. 
 
 
 36. 
 
 
 40. 
 
 347, 
 
 17. 
 
 
 22. 
 
 
 31. 
 
XXXI 
 
 Co., Pa. See Cat. OOO, p. 136, 11953, wrongly placed under i. 
 spatulata. (E. W. C.) 
 38. Rectify the same error by erasing S40 (three). 
 348, 21. Read Ling, lecena. 
 
 350, 1. Figs 1, and Inf, are the only figures in this group which really be- 
 
 long to Liiigulella ccelata. The rest belong to other grouj)s. 
 (R. P. W.) 
 17. Insert 1839 after "Con r." (Walcott.) 
 
 351, 6. Read Liniiigea; and transfer the whole paragraph to its alj^habeti- 
 
 eal place on page 341. 
 8, 9. Read liinnarssoiiia. (Walcott.) 
 10. Insert Angelin, after aciileatus. 
 15. Read : (glabella), no eye-ridges on the tixed cheeks, and rounded 
 
 genal angles. (Matthew.) As to Middle Cambrian see note to 
 
 page 344, 1, above. 
 19. Read Coiiocephalites. 
 23. Read Canad. Nat. 
 26. Read Liithoinylacris simplex. 
 29. Read Lithomylaciis aiigustuni. 
 
 352, 7 & 9. Read liithoniylaeris. 
 
 18. Read limbriata. These two western (Utah) insects are given be- 
 cause in Mr. Lacoe's list of specimens in his cabinet at Pitlston. 
 There are a bundled more which might be given if desirable. 
 
 Note.' — As I cannot get corrections for pages 353, and onward, 
 in time for the issue of this volume, they must be given at the 
 end of Vol. 2. 
 
LIST OF 
 
 THE PUBLICATION'S 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. 
 
 FROM 1874 TO 1889. 
 
 ANNUAL REPORTS. 
 
 1885 ANNUAL. J. P. Lesley, State Geologist, 8^, 769 pp., with preface and 
 index, accompanied by Atlas 8°, 8 pi., and maps, 1886, contains the fol- 
 lowing special reports : 
 
 1. Oil and Gas. John F. Carll. 
 
 2. Vegetable Origin of Coal. Leo Lesquereux. 
 
 3. Pittsburg Coal Region. E. V. d'Invilliers. 
 
 4. Wellersburg Coal Basin. J. P. Lesley and E. B. Harden. 
 
 5. Tipton Run Coal Basin. C. A. Ashburner. 
 
 6. Anthracite Coal Region. C. A. Ashburner. 
 
 7. Wyoming Valley Fossils. C. A. Ashburner and A. Heilprin. 
 
 8. Bernice Coal Basin. C. A. Ashburner. 
 
 9. Mehoopany Coal Field. F. A. Hill. 
 
 10. Cornwall Ore Mines. J. P. Lesley and E. V. d'Invilliers. 
 
 11. Delaware and Chester Kaolins. J. P. Lesley and C. A. Ashburner. 
 
 12. Quaternary Geology, Wyoming Valley. C. A. Ashburner, F. A. 
 
 Hill, and H. C. Lewis. 
 
 13. Pressure, <fec., of Rock Gas. J. P. Lesley. 
 
 14. Progress Geodetic Survey. Mansfield Merriman. 
 
 1886 ANNUALi. J. P. Lesley, State Geologist, 8^, in four parts, as follows : 
 
 i. Pittsburgh Coal Region. E. V. d'Invilliers. 
 ii. Oil and Gas Region. J. F. Carll, F. C. Phillips, B. S. Lyman, 
 iii. Anthracite Coal Region with Atlas. F. A. Hill, 
 iv. 1. The Lehigh River Cross Section. Arthur Winslow. 
 
 2. Paint Ores along the Lehigh River. F. A. Hill. 
 
 3. Iron Ore Mines and Limestone Quarries of the Cumberland- 
 
 Lebanon Valley. E. V. d'Invilliers. 
 
 4. Geology of Radnor township, Delaware co., &c. T. D. Rand. 
 
 With an Atlas. 
 
2 GEOLOGICAL SUEYEY OF PENJST'A. 
 
 1887 ANNUAL. J. P. Lesley, State Geologist, 8°, pp. 105, with a map of 
 the New Boston Anthracite basin. 
 L Cave Fossils. Prof. Joseph Leidy. 
 
 2. Fossil tracks in the Trias. Atreus Wanner. 
 
 3. New Boston Anthracite Basin. Benj. Smith Lyman. 
 
 4. State Line Serpentine. Prof. F. D. Chester. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS. 
 
 A. A history of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, from 
 1836 to 1858, by J. P. Lesley. With the annual reports of the Board to the 
 Legislature for 1874 and 1875. 8°, pp. 226, 1876. 
 
 B. Report on the Minerals of Pennsylvania, by F. A. Genth ; and on the 
 hydro-carbon compounds, by S. P. Sadtler. With a reference map of the 
 State. 80, pp. 206, 1875. 
 
 B2. Report on the Minerals, by F. A. Genth, continued from page 207 
 to 238. 80, in paper cover, pp. 31, 1876. (Bound with B.) 
 
 M. Report of Chemical Analyses in 1874-5, in the Laboratory at Harris- 
 burg, by A. S. McCreath. 8°, pp. 105, 1875. 
 
 M2. Report of Chemical Analyses in 1876-8, by A. S. McCreath ; Classi- 
 fication of coals, by P. Frazer ; Fire-brick tests, by F. Piatt ; Dolomitic lime- 
 stone beds, by J. P.Lesley ; Utilization of anthracite slack, by F. Piatt ; De- 
 ermination of Carbon in iron or steel, by A. S. McCreath. With one folded, 
 plate (section at Harrisburg) and four page plates. 80, pp. 438, 1879. 
 
 M3. Report of Chemical Analyses in 1879-80, by A. S. McCreath. With 
 a reference map of 93 iron ore mines in the Cumberland Valley. 8^, pp. 126, 
 188L 
 
 N. Report on the Levels above tide of railroads, canal and turnpike 
 stations, mountain tops, (fee, in and around Pennsylvania, in 200 tables, by 
 C. Allen. With a map. 8°, pp. 279, 1878. 
 
 O. Catalogue of specimens collected by the survey, (No. 1 to No. 4,264,) 
 by C. E. Hall. 8°, pp. 217, 1878. 
 
 02. Catalogue (continued from No. 4,265 to No. 8,974) ; also catalogue ot 
 fossils, (pp. 231 to 239.) 8°, pp. 272, 1880. 
 
 03. Catalogue (continued from No. 8975 to No. 12872. Also Catalogue 
 of special collections of fossils in stratigraphical order, from 201-1 to C 7-4-3 ; 
 and Revised Catalogue of Randall's collection, from 9467 to 9625. 8°, pp. 
 260, 1889. 
 
 P. Report on the Coal Flora of Pennsylvania and the United States. 
 Vols, land 2, (bound together,) by L. Lesquereux. 8°, pp. 694, 1880. 
 
 P. Report on the Coal Flora of Pennsylvania and the United States 
 Vol. 3, with 24 double page plates (lithographed) of coal plants, to accompany 
 P., Vols. 1 and 2. 8°, pp. 283, 1884. 
 
 (P.) Atlas of 87 double page plates (lithographed) of coal plants to ac- 
 company P., Vols. 1 and 2. 8^, 1879. 
 
 P 2. Report on Permo-Carboniferous plants from W. Va. and Greene county, 
 Pennsylvania, by W. M. Fontaine and I. C. White. With 38 double page 
 plates (lithographed). 8^, pp. 143, 1880. 
 
 P3. Description oi Ceratiocaridce^ by C. E. Beecher ; and of ^urypter idee j 
 by James Hall. With 8 plates. 8^, pp. 39, 1884. 
 
 P 4. Dictionary of Fossils found in Pennsylvania and elsewhere with 
 electrotype illustrations of the various forms. In 2 volumes and an appen- 
 
LIST OP PUBLICATIONS. S 
 
 dix, by J. P. Lesley. Volume I in press. Volume II, in preparation. 8°, 
 pp. 800dr, 1889. 
 
 X. GEOLOGiCAii Hand Atlas of the sixty-seven counties of Pennsyl- 
 vania, with a short explanation of the geological structure of each county, 
 embodying the results of the field work of the survey from 1874 to 1884, by 
 J. P. Lesley. With 62 colored maps and a cross section. 8°, pp. cxii, 1885. 
 
 Z. Report on the Terminal Moraine across Pennsylvania, by H. C. 
 Lewis ; including extracts from descriptions of the Moraine in New Jersey 
 by G. H. Cook, and in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana, by G. F. Wright. With 
 a map of the State, 18 photographic views of the Moraine, and 32 page plate 
 maps and sections. 8^, pp. Ivi and 299, 1884. 
 
 Grand Atlas, Div. I, Pt. I, 188,5, port-folio containing maps of 56 counties, 
 and parts of counties (scale 2 miles to 1 inch) on 49 sheets (26"X32".) These 
 maps are duplicate prints on heavy paper of the county maps contained in 
 the reports of progress. 
 
 Annual Report, 1886. Part IV. 
 
 ANTHRACITE REGION. 
 
 A 2. Report on the causes, kinds and amount of waste in mining anthra- 
 cite, by F. Piatt ; with a chapter on methods of mining, by J. P. Wetherill, 
 Illustrated by 35 figures of mining operations, a plan of the Hammond 
 breaker, and a specimen sheet of the maps of the Anthracite coal fields. 8^, 
 pp. 134, 1881. 
 
 AC. Report on Mining Methods, &c., in the anthracite coal fields, by H. 
 M. Chance. Illustrated with 54 plates and 60 illustrations in the text. 8^, 
 pp. 574, 1883. With anATLAS containing 25 plates illustrating coal mining. 
 
 AA. First report of progress of the anthracite survey; Panther Creek 
 BASIN, by C. A. Ashburner ; with a determination of the latitude and longi- 
 tude of Wilkes-Barre and Pottsville, by C. L. Doolittle ; and a theory of 
 stadia measurements, by A. Winslow. 8^, pp. 407, 1883. 
 
 AA. Second report of progress of the anthracite survey. Part I ; Statistics 
 of Production and Shipment for 1883 and 1884. Charles A. Ashburner, 
 geologist in charge. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Southern anthracite field. Parti, containing 13 sheets; 
 3 geological and mine sheets, 3 cross section sheets, 3 columnar section 
 sheets, 1 topographical map sheet, and 1 coal bed area sheet, relating to the 
 Panther Creek basin ; 1 general map of the anthracite region, and 1 
 chart of anthracite j^roduction from 1820 to 1881. 8°, 1882. Charles A. Ash- 
 burner, geologist in charge ; A. W. Sheafer and Frank A. Hill, assistant 
 geologists. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas Southern anthracite field. Part II, containing 13 mine 
 sheets between Tamaqua and Tremont. 80, 1889. Frank A. Hill, geologist 
 in charge ; A. DW. Smith, assistant geologist. In Press. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas Southern anthracite field. Part III, containing 12 mine 
 sheets between Tremont and the western end of the southern basin, and a 
 general map of the anthracite fields showing the location of collieries. 8^, 
 1889. Frank A. Hill, geologist in charge ; A. DW. Smith, assistant geolo- 
 gist. In Press. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas Southern anthracite field. Part IV. Ln Press. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Western Middle anthracite field, Parti, containing 
 11 sheets ; 4 geological and mine sheets between Delano and Locust Dale, 3 
 
4 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENN'A. 
 
 topographical sheets between Quakake Junction and Mount Carn\el, and 4 
 cross section sheets. 80, 1884. Charles A. Ashburner geologist in charge ; 
 A. W. Sheaf er and Bard Wells, assistant geologists. 
 
 (AA.) ATiiAS OP Western Middle anthracite field, Part II, contain- 
 ing 11 sheets ; 4 geological and mine sheets from Mount Carmel to the west- 
 ern end of the coal field, and 7 columnar section sheets covering the entire 
 field. SO, 1887. Frank A. Hill, geologist in charge ; Bard Wells, assistant 
 geologist. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Western Middle anthracite field. Part III. In 
 
 Press. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Northern anthracite field, Part I, containing 6 geolog- 
 ical and mine sheets between Wilkes-Barre and Nariticoke, 3 cross section 
 sheets and 4 columnar section sheets. 80, 1885. Charles A. Ashburner, 
 geologist in charge ; Frank A. Hill, assistant geologist. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Northern anthracite field, Part II, containing 10 
 sheets ; 4 mine sheets relating to that portion of the Wyoming-Lackawanna 
 coal basin between Wyoming and Taylorville, and 2 topographical and mine 
 sheets relating to the extreme western end of the Wyoming basin ; 4 colum- 
 nar section sheets of bore-holes, shafts and tunnels. 80, 1887. Frank A. 
 Hill, geologist in charge ; William Griffith, assistant geologist. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Northern anthracite field. Part III, containing 8 
 sheets ; 4 mine, and 4 columnar section sheets relating to that portion of the 
 Lackawanna basin in the vicinity of Taylorville, Minooka, Scranton, Dun- 
 more and Priceville. 8°, 1889. Frank A. Hill, geologist in charge ; William 
 Griffith, assistant geologist. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Northern anthracite field. Part IV, containing 8 mine 
 sheets relating to that portion of the Lackawanna basin in the vicinity of 
 Olyphant, Peckville, Jessup, Winton, Archbald, Jermyn, Glenwood, Car- 
 bondale, and Forest City in Lackawanna and Susquehanna counties. 80, 
 1889. Frank A. Hill, geologist in charge ; William Griffith, assistant geolo- 
 gist. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Northern anthracite field, Part V. In Press. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas Eastern Middle anthracite field. Part I, containing 8 
 sheets, 2 geological and mine sheets in the vicinity of Hazleton, Drifton and 
 surrounding towns, 3 cross section sheets and 3 columnar section sheets. 8°, 
 1885. Charles A. Ashburner, geologist in charge ; A. P. Berlin and Arthur 
 Win slow, assistant geologists. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas of Eastern Middle anthracite field, Part II, containing 8 
 sheets; 6 mine, and 2 columnar section sheets relating to portions of the Lehigh 
 basins in the vicinity of Upper Lehigh, Pond Creek, Sandy Run, Eckley, 
 Weatherly, Buck Mountain, Beaver Meadow, Coleraine, Jeansville and 
 Audenried, in Luzerne, Carbon, and Schuylkill counties. 8°, 1888. Frank 
 A. Hill, geologist in charge ; I. R. Moister, assistant geologist. 
 
 (AA.) Atlas Eastern Middle anthracite field, Part III, containing 13 
 sheets, 8 mine sheets, covering the entire western part of the field, 2 colum- 
 nar section sheets and 3 cross section sheets. 8°, 1889. Frank A. Hill, 
 geologist in charge ; I. R. Moister, assistant geologist. 
 
 Grand Atlas, Div. II, Pt. I, 1884. Port-folio containing 26 sheets, (26" X 
 32"), as follows: 13 sheets Atlas Southern Anthracite Field, Part I, 11 
 sheets Atlas Western Middle Anthracite Field, Part I, 1 sheet photo views 
 of plaster models in Western, Middle and Southern Fields, and 1 specimen 
 sheet. Report A 2. 
 
LIST OF PUBLICATIOl^S. 5 
 
 Grand Atlas, Div. II, Pt. II, 1885. Port-folio containing 22 sheets, (26" X 
 32"), as follows : 13 sheets Atlas K'orthern Anthracite Field, Part I, 8 sheets 
 Atlas Eastern Middle Anthracite Field, Part I, and one sheetcontaining a pre- 
 liminary general map of the Anthracite Coal Fields and adjoining counties. 
 
 For Anthracite coal in Sullivan county, see G 2 and Annual Report, 1885. 
 
 For Conglomerate beds near Carbondale, Pittston, &c., see G 5, G 7. 
 
 For Utilization of anthracite slack, see M 2. 
 
 For General description anthracite region, Quaternary Geology of the 
 Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley, &c., &c., see Annual Report, 1885. 
 
 Annual Report, 1886. Part III. 
 
 BITUMINOUS COAL FIELDS AND SURROUNDING AREAS. 
 
 H. First report on Clearfield and Jefferson counties, by F. Piatt. 
 With 8 maps, 2 sections and 139 cuts in the text. S^, pp. 296, 1875. (JF'or 
 second report, see He, 117.) 
 
 H 2. Report on Cambria county, by F. & W. G. Piatt. With 4 maps and 
 sections and 84 cuts in the text. 8^, pp. 194, 1877. 
 
 H 3. Report on Somerset county, by F. & W. G. Piatt. With 6 maps 
 and sections and 110 cuts in the text. ,8°, pp. 348, 1877. 
 
 Atlas to Reports H^ and H^ containing geological maps of Cambria and 
 Somerset counties, with 2 sheets of columnar sections and 1 cross section ; a 
 revision and correction of the semi-bituminous coal section at Wellersburg, 
 Somerset county, and notes on the new mines in Cambria county. 8°, 1889. 
 
 H4. Report on Indiana county, by W. G. Piatt. With a colored geolog- 
 ical county map and 87 cuts in the text. S^, pp. 316, 1878. 
 
 H 5. Report on Armstrong county, by W. G. Piatt. With a colored geo- 
 logical county map and 58 cuts in the text. 80, pp. 338, 1880. 
 
 H 6. Second report on Jefferson county, (^See H above), by W. G. Piatt. 
 With a colored geological county map and 57 cuts in the text. 8^, pp. 218, 
 1881. 
 
 H 7. Second report on Clearfield county, (See H above), by IT. M. 
 Chance. With a colored geological county map, an outcrop map of the 
 Houtzdale basin and 58 cuts in the text. 8°, pp. 197, 1884. 
 
 L Report on Venango county, by J. F. Carll. The geology around 
 Warren, by F. A. Randall. Notes on the comparative geology of N. E. 
 Ohio, N. W. Pa., and W. New York, by J. P. Lesley. With one small map 
 of the Venango oil region, one small map of the region south and east of 
 Lake Erie, one long section of the rocks at Warren, and 7 cuts in the text. 
 80, pp. 127, 1875. 
 
 I 2. Report of oil well records and levels in Venango, Warren, Craw- 
 ford, Clarion, Armstrong, Butler, &c., by J. F. Carll. 8^, pp, 398, 
 1877. 
 
 I 3. Report on the Venango, Warren, Clarion, and Butler Oil Re- 
 gions ; descriptions of rig, tools, &c. ; survey of the Garland and Panama 
 conglomerates, <fec. ; discussion of pre-glacial and post-glacial drainage, by 
 J. F. Carll. With 23 page plates and an atlas. 8°, pp. 482, 1880. 
 
 (I 3.) Atlas of 22 sheets. Map of Venango county, colored geologically ; 
 map of lower oil field (Butler, Armstrong, and Clarion) in two sheets ; 3 
 local contour maps at Franklin, Titusville and Spring Creek ; two maps of 
 N. W. Pennsylvania, showing the past and present drainage ; long section 
 across W. Pennsylvania ; vertical section of the formations from the Upper 
 
6 GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF PENN'A. 
 
 Coal measures down to the bottom of the Devonian ; diagram map and sec- 
 tion of Third sand ; profile section from Meadville, S. W. ; 5 sheets of 
 grouped oil well sections ; 5 sheets of working drawings for well boring, 
 &G. ; diagram of daily rate of drilling six wells at Petrolia. 
 
 I 4. Report on Warren county, by J. F. Carll. With a colored geologi- 
 cal county map, a map of the Warren oil region, and 2 sheets of oil well 
 sections. 8°, pp. 439, 1883. (Note— The first ip pages of this hook contain 
 oil well records ; see under Petroleum Fields below.) 
 
 J. Report on the Oil Region, by H. E. Wrigley ; map and profile of line 
 of levels through Butler, Armstrong, and Clarion, by D. J. Lucas ; map and 
 profile of Slippery Rock creek, by J. P. Lesley. 5 maps and sections, a 
 plate and 5 cuts. 8°, pp. 122, 1875. 
 
 K. Report on Greene and Washington counties, by J. J. Stevenson. 
 With two county maps. (Showing the calculated local depths of the Pitts- 
 burgh and Waynesburg coal beds beneath the surface,) and 3 page plates of 
 general sections. 8^, pp. 419, 1876. (Note.— Since the publication of this 
 hook tivo colored geological county Maps have been published^ and will be 
 found in pocket of volume K 3 described below.) 
 
 K 2. First report on Fayette, Westmoreland and S. E. Allegheny 
 counties, (i. e., west of Chestnut Ridge,) by J. J. Stevenson. With 3 col- 
 ored geological county maps and 50 cuts in the text. 8^, pp. 437, 1877. 
 
 K 3. Second report on Fayette and Westmoreland counties (the Lig- 
 onier Valley), by J. J. Stevenson. With 4 page plates and 107 cuts in text 
 80, pp. 331, 1878. (Note. — In a pocket in this volume will be found the col- 
 ored geological maps of Greene and Washington counties alluded to above.) 
 
 K 4. Report on Monongahela river coal mines, from the West 
 Virginia State Line to Pittsburgh, (including some on the Youghiogheny 
 and other streams), by J. Sutton Wall. With a map of the region in a 
 pocket, 12 heliotype pictures, and 26 page plates. 8^, pp. 231, 1884. 
 
 L. Report on the Youghiogheny coke manufacture, by F. Piatt ; Notes 
 on the coal and iron ore beds, by C. A. Young ; Report on methods of coking 
 by J. Fulton, (See G below) ; Report on the use of natural gas in the iron 
 manufacture, by J. B. Pearse and F. Piatt ; The Boyd's Hill gas well at Pitts- 
 burgh, by J. P. Lesley. With a map of the coke region, two folded plates 
 of coke ovens, and page plates and cuts in the text. 80, pp. 252, 1876. 
 
 Q. Report on Beaver, N. W. Allegheny and S. Butler counties by 
 L C. White. With 3 colored geological county maps, and 21 page plates of 
 sections. 80, pp. 337, 1878. 
 
 Q 2. Report on Lawrence county, and special Report on Correlation of 
 the Pennsylvania and Ohio coal beds, by I. C. White. With a colored geo- 
 logical county map and 134 cuts in the text. 80, pp. 336, 1879. 
 
 Q 3. Report on Meroer county, by I. C. White. With a colored geolo- 
 gical county map and 119 cuts in the text. 8°, pp. 233, 1880. 
 
 Q 4. Report on Crawford and Brie counties, by L C. White. With 
 two colored geological county maps and 107 cuts in the text. Also, a Report 
 on a pre-glacial outlet for Lake Erie, by J. W. Spencer. With two maps of 
 the Lake region. 8°, pp. 406, 188L 
 
 R. Report on McKean county, and its geological connections with Came- 
 ron, Elk, and Forest counties, by C. A. Ashburner. With 33 page plates of 
 vertical and columnar sections, pictures of Rock city and Clean conglomer- 
 ate, Wilcox and Kane spouting wells, map of Howard Hill coal field, &c., 
 and an atlas of 8 sheets. 80, pp. 371, 1880. 
 
LIST OF PUBLI0ATI0K8. 7 
 
 (R. ) Atlas for McKean county of 8 sheets :— Colored geological county 
 map ; three topographical maps ; of Buffalo Coal Company tract, Alton coal 
 basin, and Potato Creek coal basin : map of McKean oil district ; one sheet 
 of columnar sections between Bradford and Ridgway ; and 2 diagram sheets 
 of the Well account and Production account in the Bradford district. 
 
 R 2. Part II, report on township geology of Cameron, Elk and Forest 
 counties, by C. A. Ashburner. 
 
 (R2.) Atlas for Cameron, Elk and Forest counties, of 11 sheets 
 {Published November, 1884, ^^ advaiice of the report) ;— 3 colored geologi- 
 cal county maps ; 1 anticlinal and synclinal map ; 1 topographical map 
 McKean county ; 2 tract maps Forest and Elk counties ; 1 map Straight 
 Creek coal basin ; 2 sheets oil well sections ; and 1 sheet coal sections. 
 
 V. Report on N. Butler county ; and (Part 2) special report on the 
 Beaver and Shenango river coal measures, by H. M. Chance. With a 
 colored geological map of N. Butler ; a contour local map around Parker ; 
 a map of the anticlinal rolls in the 6th basin ; a chart of the Beaver and 
 Shenango rivers ; profile section from Homewood to Sharon ; Oil well 
 records and surface sections ; and 154 cuts in the text. 8°, pp. 248, 1879. 
 
 V 2. Report on Clarion county, by H. M. Chance. With a colored geo- 
 logical county map, a map of the anticlinals and oil- belt ; a contoured map 
 of the old river channel at Parker ; 4 page plates, and 83 cuts in the text 
 80, pp. 232, 1880. 
 
 For the coal basins of Bradford and Tioga counties, see report G. 
 
 For the coal basins of Lycoming and Sullivan, see report G 2. 
 
 For the coal basins of Potter county, see G 3. 
 
 For the coal basins of Clinton county, see G 4. 
 
 For the coal in Wayne county see G 5, and Northern Atlas, Part IV. 
 
 For the East Broad Top coal basin in Huntingdon county, see F. 
 
 For the mountain coals in Blair county, see T. 
 
 For the Broad Top coal measures in Bedford and Fulton counties, see T 2. 
 
 For the coal basins in Centre county, see T 4. 
 
 For coal analyses, see M, M 2, M 3. 
 
 For classification of coals, see in M 2. 
 
 For coal plants, see P, P 2. 
 
 For fossil crustaceans in coal slate, see P 3. 
 
 For Origin of Coal ; Pittsburgh Region and Monongahel a Valley ; Wellers- 
 burg coal basin, Somerset county ; and Tipton Run coal-beds, Blair county ; 
 see Annual Report, 1885, and Atlas H 2 and H 3. 
 
 Grand Atlas Div. Ill, Pt. I, 1885, port-folio containing 35 sheets (26"X32") 
 as follows : 32 sheets relating to portions of the Petroleum and Bituminous 
 Coal Fields, and three sheets relating to the Quaternary period. 
 
 Annual Report, 1886. Part I. 
 
 PETROLEUM AND GAS. 
 
 See reports I, I 2, I 3, I 4, and J, under Bituminous Coal Fields. 
 
 See L, for the Pittsburgh gas well, and the use of gas in the iron manufacture. 
 
 See Q, Q 2, Q, 3, Q 4, for references to oil rocks in Beaver, Lawrence, Mer- 
 cer, Crawford, Erie, and S. Butler counties. 
 
 See K for the Dunkard Creek oil wells of Greene county. 
 
 See R, R 2, for descriptions of oil rocks in McKean, Elk, and Forest 
 counties. 
 
8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENN'A. 
 
 See V, V 2, for notes on the oil rocks of N. Butler and Clarion counties. 
 See ±1 2 for oil boring at Cherry Tree, Cambria county. 
 See G 5 for oil boring in Wayne county. 
 
 See Annual Report, 1885, for report of progress in the oil and gas region 
 with special facts relating to the geology and physics of natural gas. 
 See Grand Atlas, Div. Ill, Pt. I, under Bituminous Coal Fields. 
 See Annual Report, 1886. Part II. 
 
 NORTH-EASTERN AND MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 {Palaeozoic formations from the Coal Measures down.) 
 
 D. First report on Lehigh county iron mines, by F. Prime. With a con- 
 tour line map of the ore region and 8 page plates. 8°, pp. 73, 1875. 
 
 D 2. Second report on Lehigh county iron mines, by F. Prime. With a 
 colored geological contour line map of the iron region, (in 4 sheets, ) a colored 
 geological contour line map of the Ironton mines, 4 double page lithograph 
 pictures of Limestone quarries, and one page plate of Monocraterion. 8°, 
 pp. 99, 1878. 
 
 D 3. Vol. I. Report on Lehigh and Nobthampton counties. Introduc- 
 tion by J. P. Lesley ; Slate belt, by R. H. Sanders ; Limestone belt and iron 
 mines, by F. Prime ; South mountain rocks, by F. Prime and C. E. Hall. 
 With 3 lithograph pictures of quarries, 4 pictures of triangulation stations, 14 
 page plates of sections, and an atlas of maps. 80, pp. 283, 1883. {Note.— For 
 atlas see below.) 
 
 D 3. Vol. II, Part I. Report on Berks county, (South mountain belt) by 
 E. V. d'Invilliers. With 10 page plates of sections and Indian relics, and 
 3 pictures of rock exposures. 8", pp. 441, 1883. {Note.— For atlas see below. 
 
 (D 3.) Atlas : One colored geological map of Lehigh and Northampton 
 counties, {one sheet;) one colored geological contour line map of southern 
 Northampton county, {six sheets;) a contour line map of the mountains from 
 the Delaware to the Schuylkill, {eighteen sheets;) a colored geological con- 
 tour line index map to the 22 sheets, {one sheet;) and 4 sheets of maps of 
 iron mines. 
 
 (D 5.) Atlas of colored geological county maps of Cumberland, Frank- 
 lin, and Adams, {three sheets;) and first instalment of contour line map ol 
 the South mountains. Sheets A 1, A 2, B 1, B 2, {four sheets;) by A. E. 
 Lehman. 
 
 F. Report on the Juniata river district in Mifflin, Snyder, and Hun- 
 tingdon counties, by J. H. Dewees, and on the Aughwick valley and East 
 Broad Top region in Huntingdon county, by C. A. Ashburner. With col- 
 ored geological maps of East Broad Top R. R. and Orbisonia vicinity, (2 
 sheets;) Three Springs map and section, (2 sheets;) Sideling Hill Creek map 
 and section, (2 sheets,) and Isometric projection at Three Springs, (1 sheet ;) 
 six folded cross sections and 22 page plates of local maps and columnar sec- 
 tions. 80, pp. 305, 1878. 
 
 F2. Report on Perry county, {Fart 7, geology,) by E. W. Claypole. 
 With two colored geological maps of the county ; 17 geological outline town- 
 ship maps as page plates, and 30 page plate cross and columnar sections. 8°, 
 pp. 437, 1884. 
 
 G. Report on Bradford and Tioga counties, by A Sherwood ; report on 
 their coal fields, (including forks of Pine creek in Potter county, ) by F. Piatt ; 
 report on the coking of bituminous coal, by J. Fulton. {/See L above. ) With 
 
LIST OF PUBLICATIOT^S. 9 
 
 two colored geological county maps, 3 page plates, and 85 cuts in the text. 
 80, pp. 271, 1878. 
 
 G 2. Report on Lycoming and Sullivan counties ; field notes by A. Sher- 
 wood ; coal basins by F. Piatt. With two colored geological county maps (ot 
 Lycoming and Sullivan,) a topographical map (in two sheets) of the Little 
 Pine creek coal basin, an d 24 page plates of columnar sections. 8°, pp. 268, 1880. 
 
 G 3. Report on Pottek county, by A. Sherwood. Report on its coal 
 FIELDS, by F. Piatt. With a colored geological county maj), 2 folded plates 
 and 2 page plates of sections. 8^, pp. 121, 1880. 
 
 G 4. Report on Clinton county, by H. M. Chance, including a descrip- 
 tion of the Renovo coal basin, by C. A. Ashburner, and notes on the Tangas- 
 cootac coal basin, by F. Piatt. With a colored geological county map, 1 sheet 
 of sections, local Renovo map, 6 page plates, and 21 sections in the text. 80, 
 pp. 183, 1880. 
 
 Gr 5. Report on Susquehanna and Wayne counties by I. C. White. 
 With a colored geological map of the two counties and 58 cuts in the text. 8^, 
 pp. 243, 1881. 
 
 Gr 6. Report on Pike and Monroe counties, by I. C. White. With two 
 colored geological county maps, (1 sheet Pike and Monroe and 1 sheet Wy- 
 oming), a map of glacial scratches, and 7 small sections. Report on the 
 Delaware and Lehigh Water Gaps, with two contoured' maps and five sec- 
 tions of the gaps, by H. M. Chance. 8°, pp. 407, 1882. 
 
 Gr 7. Rei^orton Wyoming, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Columbia, Mon- 
 tour and Northumberland counties, (i. e., the parts lying outside of the 
 anthracite coal fields), by I. C. White. With a colored geological map ot 
 these counties (in two sheets), and 31 page plates in the text. 80, pp. 464, 
 1883. (Note. — The colored geologicat map of Wyoming county is published. 
 in G- 6. 
 
 T. Report on Blair county, by F. Piatt. With 35 cuts in tlie text and an 
 Atlas of maps and sections (see below). 8°, pp. 311, 1881. 
 
 (T. ) Atlas of colored geological contour line map of Morrison's cove. 
 Canoe valley. Sinking valley and country west to the Cambria county line 
 (14 sheets) ; Index map of the same (1 sheet) ; colored sections (2 sheets). 
 80, 1881. 
 
 T 2. Report on Bedford and Fulton counties, by J. J. Stevenson. With 
 two colored geological maps of the two counties. 8^, pp. 382, 1882. 
 
 T3. Report on Huntingdon county, by I. C. White. With a colored 
 geological maj) of the county, and numerous sections. 80, pp. 471, 1885. 
 
 T 4. Rej)ort on Centre county, by E. V. d'Invilliers ; also special report, 
 by A. L. l^]wing, and extracts from report to Lyon, Shorb & Co., by J. P. 
 Lesley. With a colored geological map of the county, 13 page plates of local 
 maps and sections, and 15 cuts in the text. 8°, pp. 464, 1884. 
 
 For report on line of the Terminal Moraine, see Z. 
 
 Grand Atlas, Div. IV, Pt. I, 1885. Port-folio containing 43 sheets, as 
 follows : 30 sheets relating to the Durham and Reading Hills and bordering 
 valleys in Northampton, Lehigh, Bucks and Berks counties, and 13 sheets 
 relating to the South Mountains in Adams, Franklin, Cumberland and 
 York counties. 
 
 Grand Atlas, Div. V, Pt. I, 1885. Port-folio containing 35 sheets, as fol- 
 lows : 29 sheets relating to the Topography and Geology of the Palaeozoic 
 strata in parts of Cambria, Blair, Bedford, Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre and 
 Union counties, 5 sheets contain a map and geological cross section along 
 
10 GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY OF PENIST-A. 
 
 the east bank of the Susquehanna river, Lancaster county, and 1 sheet con- 
 tains cross sections of the Philadelphia belt of the Azoic rocks. 
 
 For report on Cornwall Iron Ore Mines, Lebanon county, and the Tipton 
 Run coal beds, Blair county, see Annual Report, 1885. 
 
 For report on the Iron Ore Mines and Limestone Quarries of the Cumber- 
 land-Lebanon Valley, and Paint-ore along the Lehigh river, see Annual, 
 1886, Part IV. 
 
 SOUTH-EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 C. Report on York and Adams counties, by P. Frazer. With one folded 
 map of a belt of York county through York and Hanover, 6 folded cross 
 sections, and two page plate microscopic slices of dolerite. 8°, pp. 198, 1876. 
 
 (Note. — The colored geological county map of York is published in the 
 Atlas to C 3). 
 
 C 2. Report on York and Adams counties, (South Mountain rocks, iron 
 ores, &c. ), by P. Frazer. With one general map of the district, 10 folded 
 cross sections, and 5 page plates. 80, pp. 400, 1877. (Note. — The colored, 
 geological county map of Adams is published in D 5). 
 
 C 3. Report on Lancaster county, by P. Frazer. With nine double page 
 lithographic views of slate quarries and Indian-pictured rocks, one plate of 
 impressions on slate, and one page plate microscopic section of trap, and an 
 atlas. 80, pp. 350, 1880. 
 
 (C 3.) Att^as of 13 sheets : Colored geological map of York county ; col- 
 ored geological map of Lancaster county ; Susquehanna river section. 
 (Sheets 1, lA, 2, 2 A, 3, 4) ; Lancaster section ; Pequea section ; Muddy run 
 section ; Chestnut Hill mines ; Gap Nickel mine. 
 
 C 4. Report on Chester county ; Geueral description, pp. 214, by J. P. 
 Lesley ; Field notes in the townships, pp. 215-354, by P. Frazer. With a 
 colored geological county map, a photographic view of contorted schists and 
 12 page plates. 8°, pp. 394, 1883. 
 
 C 5. Report on Delaware county, by C. E. Hall. With a colored geolog- 
 ical county map ; 30 photographic page plate views of granite quarries, 
 kaolin pits, &c., and 4 page plates of altered mica. 8°, pp. 128, 1885. See 
 Annual Report, 1885, for Kaolin report. 
 
 C 6. Report on Philadelphia and the southern parts of Montgomery 
 and Bucks counties, by C. E. Hall. With a colored geological map of the 
 belt of country between Trenton and Delaware county (in 3 sheets), a sheet 
 of colored cross sections and 24 cuts in the text. 8°, pp. 145, 1882. 
 
 (C7.) Atlas to report on Bucks and Montgomery counties, containing 
 12 sheets of topographical map of the Neshaminy, Tohickonand Perkiomen 
 water basins by the Philadelphia Water Department on a scale of 1,600 feet 
 to 1 inch, jislji-a of nature. 8°, 1887. — (Report C. 7. not ready for publication. ) 
 
 E. Part I of (historical introduction to) a report on the Azoic rocks, by 
 T. S. Hunt. 80, pp. 253, 1878. 
 
 For report on the kaolin deposits of Chester and Delaware counties, 
 see Annual Report, 1885. 
 
 For report on the Serpentines of Radnor township, Delaware Co., &c., see 
 Annual, 1886, Part IV. 
 
 See also Grand Atlas, Div. V., Pt. I, under North-eastern and Middle 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 July 1, 1889.