FRC FISKE I/ibrarian %mvmii^ | fHE FUND 1 868-1883 )M THE INCOME OF ' ENDOWMENT THE BEQUEST OF of the University 3184 Cornell University Library BX4631.F59 C91 Cartulary and historical notes of the CI 3 1924 029 415 910 olin ""*'* 'IS Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029415910 THE ^ '/^t// €MnUxp AND HISTORICAL NOTES OF THE Cistercian '^Ihhtv of jfUxitv, OTHERWISE CALLED Bene IhUp, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER BY A. W. CRAWLEY-BOEVEY, ESQ., M.A., BOMBAY CIVIL SERVICE. 27te impression is limited to 45 copies royal 4to., and 100 copies demy 4to. ^U right© xmtx'atii. EXETER : Privately printed for the Author by "WILLIAM POLLARD AND CO., NORTH STREET. ^ 1887. INTRODUCTION. I In the following notes an attempt has been made to weave into a connedted narrative the fcattered references which may be found in the public records relating to the Ciftercian Abbey of Flaxley in Gloucefterfhire. Founded within the limits of the royal Foreft of Dean during the reign of Stephen, this Abbey occupied in many refpedls an exceptional pofition. As formally notified in the Charter of Richard I., it was confidered to be fpecially under the protedlion of the fovereign, and all its more important rights and privileges were derived from the favor of the crown. King John and King Edward III. appear to have paid frequent vifits to Flaxley Abbey, probably for the >purpofe of hunting. The vifits of the former are recorded in the well-known " Itinerary of King John.'' King Edward III. has left an important record of his vifits to the Abbey in the fhape of a formal deed granting to the monks a fum of ^^36. 9s. id. from the newly reclaimed land in the Foreft, on account of injuries infli6ted by the deer, and of fpecial expenfes incurred by the frequent royal vifits. The privileges granted to the monks within Foreft limits appear to have brought them into conftant coUifion with the Foreft authorities, who were under the control of the Conftable of St, Briavell's Caftle, and the fovereign appears to have been conftantly invoked to prote6t and enforce the privileges of the Flaxley monks within Foreft limits. To this circumftance are to be attributed the numerous references to Flaxley Abbey in the Clofe Rolls, confifting chiefly of writs and orders addrefled to the Foreft authorities on behalf of the monks. The Abbot of Flaxley was fummoned to Parlia- ment on feveral occafions in the reign of Edward I., and is noticed as being prefent at the burial, in ' Tewkefbury Abbey, of Gilbert de Clare, in 1230 ; and at the fettlement of a difpute between the Abbots of Margan and Caerleon in 1256. The only important public event with which the hiftory of Flaxley Abbey feems to have been affociated, was the infurrec- tion of Hubert de Burgh in 1234. Several extradls from the Clofe Rolls shew that Flaxley Abbey was reforted to as an afylum by feveral of Richard, Earl Marfhal's, followers ; and a hue and cry was on one occasion iv. Introduction. raifed to furround the Abbey, and prevent them from efcaping. The extradls referred to throw an interefting light on the fecial condition of the times. The pidiire of the Abbey surrounded by men armed with bows and arrows and other weapons, keeping watch and ward at the fummons of the Sheriff; the collifion between the Abbot's and the Sheriffs men; the feizure of the Abbot's horfes, and the excommunication of the Conftable of St. Briavell's and his men by Hugh Foliot, Bifhop of Hereford ; the monks' appeal to the King, and the orders received to recompenfe the Abbot for damage to the hedges, and the lofs of his horfes and equipments; all thefe incidents are alluded to, and make up a highly interefting and charadleriflic pidlure of the times. With the exception of the royal vifits above alluded to, and the ftirring events connedled with the infurrection of Hubert de Burgh, the hiftory of Flaxley Abbey feems to have been of an uneventful kind. Of the poffeffions and privileges of the monks, a tolerably full account is given in the notes. Henry H. confirmed to the monks the grant of the Valley of Caftiard, where the Abbey was founded, and all the donations of Roger, Earl of Hereford, besides all eafements in the royal Foreft — viz., common of paffcure, tithes of cheftnuts, a moveable iron forge, and as much wood and timber as they required. The Abbey Cartulary contains a full account of the principal private gifts and benefadlions made to Flaxley Abbey until the middle of the 13th century, when the Cartulary was probably written. By Popes Celeftine HI. and Alexander HI. the Flaxley monks were granted fpecial immunity from tithes. The Cartulary further abounds in information of an interefting and valuable kind. Befides furnifhing an important Hft of private benefadtors, the Cartulary contains feveral ftatements of accounts, fhewing the fums paid to the monks by their tenants, their various fervices, etc. A ftatement headed " Redditus Cerae," fhews all the charitable grants to the Abbey of wax ; another ftatement furnifhes a moft interefting catalogue of the Abbey Library. In the Cartulary are recorded the names of a large number of witnefTes, moft of whom were probably perfons of local influence and reputation, and of whom this Cartulary is perhaps the moft important evidence now remaining. The deeds recorded fhew how the various fpecial wants of the Abbey were provided for by private munificence : how Gilbert of Monmouth and Berta, his wife, granted to the Abbey and monks of Dene 5 Ihillings from the proceeds of the Mill of Hope (Longhope), for the purchafe of wine for the celebration of the Mafs, with a stipulation that if the mill should Introliuctton. v. fall down, the sum was to be paid out of cuftoms dues of the Vill of Hope, and that any furplus might be devoted to the purpofes of the Abbey Library and the repair of books. It tells how Adam of Blakeney, and his wife, Bafilia, granted to the monks 2 shillings of annual rent, to be paid to the Sacriftan of the Abbey every year on the Feaft of St. Michael, for the purchafe of oil for the three lamps that burned before the three Altars at High Mafs. How Roger, of Pultun, and his wife, Margaret, afligned to the monks 5 fhillings of rent for the purchafe of bed-clothes for poor guefts at the Abbey ; and how Ernaldus of Cutberley granted to the Abbey all his land between the two bridges of the Severn at Gloucefter, for the repair of the Abbey Hofpice. Amongft other matters of local intereft, the burning of Neweham (Newn- ham) is fpecially referred to in a deed executed with the monks by Galfrid Hugelin ; the date of this deed is not fpecially recorded, but bearing in mind the period when the Cartulary appears to have , been prepared, the deed referred to was probably executed about the end of the 12th century. From the additional information colle6led in thefe notes, a revifed and more complete lift of Flaxley Abbots than any lift hitherto publiflied has now been prepared. Two of the earlieft Abbots of Dene are briefly alluded to in the Waverley Annals, which relates that on the occafion of the visitation of Ciftercian Abbeys in 1187, Abbot Waleran of Dene refigned, and was succeeded by Abbot Alan, formerly monk of Bordefley. The Cartulary of the Abbey has feveral references to Abbot Alan, and to Abbot Richard, neither of whom have been noticed by such eminent authorities as Browne Willis, Tanner, or Stevens. In Bifliop Cantelupe's Regifter at Hereford, Abbot William is referred to as having been inftalled circ. a.d. 1277. In the Bodleian Library there is a mutilated deed of Exchange of benefices between " — — Berkeley, Abbas de Flaxley, rector ecclefiae parochialis de Rodmarton," and " Nicholas Rewys, vicarius ecclefiae parochialis de Weftbury " in May, 1476 ; the deed is attefted by John Rolues, public notary. None of the five Abbots named have hitherto been noticed by antiquaries, and the following lift of Flaxley Abbots, though obviously ftill imperfedt, is more complete than any lift hitherto publiflied : — 1. Waleran refigned 2. Alan eledled 3. Richard „ (circ.) 4. WiUiam ,, Feb. 5. Nicholas ,, II87 33 Hen. II. 1187 do. 1200 I John. 1277 (?) 5 Edw. I. 1288 16 Edw. I. iv. Introduction. 6. William de Rya „ 17 0&:. 13 14 '8 Edw. II. 7. Richard Peyto „ 6 July 1372 46 Edw. III. 8. William „ 14 April 1426 4 Hen. VI. 9. Berkeley „ 1476 16 Edw. IV. 10. John ,, 16 Dec. 1509 i Hen. VIII. 11. William Beawdley „ 1528 19 Hen. VIII. 12. Thomas Were „ 1532 23 Hen. VIII. Special attention has been dire(5led to the talk of fixing as accurately as poflible the dates of the foundation and fuppreffion of the Abbey. As regards the foundation, the evidence feems to point to the latter end of Stephen's reign — between the years 1148 and 11 54 — as the raoffc probable date, but it muft be admitted that the evidence leaves much to be defired. One new fa6l of confiderable intereft and importance, as bearing on the probable date of the foundation of the Abbey, has, however, I 'think, been fairly eftabliflied. It may be ftated with tolerable certainty that Flaxley Abbey was founded by Roger, eldeft fon of Earl Milo, to commemorate the death of his father who was killed while hunting in the Foreft of Dean on Chriftmas Eve 1143. Leland, writing fhoitly after the fuppreffion of the Abbey, related -the tradition that a brother of Roger, Earl of Hereford, had been killed with an arrow, " in the very place where the Abbey fince was made." I have fhewn I think in my notes ftrong reafons for believing that Leland's tradition has been wrongly affociated with one of Earl Roger's brothers inftead of with his father. Earl Milo, who is known to have met his death in the manner defcribed by Leland. Affuming then this fadl to be fufiiciently proved, that Flaxley Abbey was founded by Roger to commemorate the death of Earl Milo on Chriftmas Eve 1143, it will follow with certainty that Flaxley Abbey was founded fome time after that date. Reafons have been adduced for thinking that Gilbert Foliot was probably the Bifhop of Hereford, referred to by Leland, who "holp much to the buildinge of Flexeley." Gilbert Foliot fucceeded Robert de Betun as Bifhop of Hereford, on the death of the latter in 1148 and if it may be afTumed, on the evidence now put forward, that Gilbert Foliot was the Bifhop referred to by Leland, it will follow that Flaxley Abbey was founded after 1148. The earlieft charter granted to Flaxley Abbey after the foundation, purports to be granted by Henry, then Duke of Normandy, fome time before his accelTion to the throne of Eno-land • and the foundation of the Abbey would thus apparently fall fome time between Introburtion. vii. 1 148 and 1 154. Although the evidence does not appear to admit of any nearer conclufion being drawn, it is fatiffa6lory to be able to fhew with tolerable certainty the approximate date of the found^ion. On this point I have fhewn that the local hiftorians differ widely in opinion, but no ferious attempt has, it would feem, been made to examine the evidence, or to form any probable conclufion regarding the exa(5t date. Of the date of the fuppreffion, or of the events which accompanied it, no dire<5t evidence feems to be on record. Edward Fox, ex-Provoft of King's College, Cambridge, was Bifhop of Hereford in 1535, and was apparently in office at the time that Flaxley Abbey was fuppreffed ; but in his original Regifter at Hereford, no notice of the fuppreffion, or of the events that accompanied the diflblution, is to be found. The Abbey was fummarily fuppreffigd amongft the leiTer monafteries early in 1536, and in the following year, a grant of the Abbey and the eftates was made by patent to Sir William Kingfton, dated 26th March, 28 Henry VHI. (1537)- This grant contains a claufe that Sir William Kingfton and his heirs were to hold all the premifes " as fully as Thomas Were, the late Abbot, held the fame on the 4th day of February, 27th Henry VHI. (1536)." The date men- tioned is underftood to be the adlual date of the fuppreffion of Flaxley Abbey, and Sir William Kingfton was thus invefted, by the terms of the grant, with all the rights, titles, privileges, etc., which were enjoyed by the laft Abbot, Thomas Were, on the actual date of the diflblution. With thefe few introdudlory remarks, the notes may be left to fpeak for therafelves. That they contain many imperfedlions I am well aware, but I have, at all events, colle(5ted a large amount of very interefting materials ; and in attempting to give a connedled account of the various fcattered references to the Ciftercian Monaftery of Flaxley, in Gloucefter- Ihire, have done my beft to fupplement the very meagre accounts of this houfe which are given in the County hiftories and in Dugdale's Monafticon. To Sir John Maclean, F.S.A., I am efpecially indebted for moft valuable advice and affiftance in connedtion with the preparation of thefe notes. It is mainly owing to his cordial encouragement that I was firft induced to undertake the prefent work ; and without his kind affiftance and fupport, I could fcarcely have hoped to accompHffi, during a brief abfence from India, a fomewhat formidable holiday talk. My obhgations to Mr. Samuel Gael and to Mr. T. Fitzroy Fen wick, of Thirleftaine Houfe, Cheltenham, I have warmly acknowledged in the notes. The publication of the Flaxley viii. EiitroUucttoix. Cartulary makes, it is hoped, a ufeful addition to the exifting materials for a new county hiftory, and will doubtlefs attradl much intereft and attention. Mr. H. C. Beddoe, Regiftrar to the Bifhop of Hereford, has given me every affiftance in examining the original Bifhops' Regifters at Hereford, and his kindnefs and courtefy I am anxious to acknowledge. The Rev. R. Hall, Vicar of Flaxley (1880), has materially aflifted me with feveral interefting notes and illuftrations ; and Mr. Edmund Oliver has alfo given me fome valuable information and fuggeftions. For the illuftrations, I am indebted to my brother, Mr. Edward B. Crawley-Boevey. I think that they will be found to add materially to the intereft and value of the prefent notes. A. W. C-B. FLAX LEY ABBEY. PART I. THE FOUNDATION. The Ciftercian Abbey of . Flaxley or Flexeley, otherwife called Dene Abbey or the Abbey of the Bleffed Mary of Dene, was founded during the reign of King Stephen between the years 1148 and 1154 by Roger fon of Milo Fizwaiter Earl of Hereford. Regarding the exadl date of the foundation of the Abbey the local hiffcorians appear to diflfer widely in opinion. Sir Robert Atkyns' fpeaks of the Abbey being founded temp. Henry I, and on this point he is followed by Rudder,^ Stevens' and Cox.* In Bifhop Tanner's Notitia Monaftica* the foundation of the Abbey is mentioned as occurring "temp. R. Steph.," no attempt being made to fix the exadl date. Tanner's note in the point, fee belowj is inferted in the laft edition (1825) of Dugdale's Monafticon Anglicanum,* the editors apparently concurring in the view that Flaxley Abbey was founded temp, Stephen. Archdeacon Rudge'^ follows the fame authority in the account given of Flaxley in his County Hiftory publifhed in 1803. 1 Atkyns' Hiflory of Gloucefterftiire, p. 228, 2 Rudder's Hiflory of Glouceflerfhire, p. 449. 3 Stevens' Supplement, Vol. ii, p. 48. * A Topographical, Ecclefiaflical and Natural Hiflory of Glouceflerfhire, by Rev. Thos. Cox. 1700. "Tanner's Notitia Monaftica under the head of " Glouceflerfhire xi. Flexeley or Dene." Reprinted by James Nafmith, M.A., 1787. Tanner has the following note — " Sir Robert Atkyns makes this Abbey to have been founded temp. Hen. I ; but I have continued it as in the former edition, Roger not being Earl of Hereford till 9 Steph. as Dugdale's Baronage, i, 538." « Dugdale's Monafticon Anglicanum (1825) Vol. v, p. 588. ^ Rudge's Hiftory of Glouceftershire, Vol. ii, p. 94. B 2 Jlaxleg ^fifa^s* Bigland' gives 1 146 as the approximate date of the foundation of the Abbey; and this date has alfo been accepted by Fofbroke^ and NichoUs^ in their notices of Flaxley Abbey. In Duncumb's Herefordfhire* the founding of the Abbey by Roger fecond Earl of Hereford is mentioned as having taken place after the acceffion of Henry II in 11 54. The difficulty of determining the exa6l date arifes, of courfe, from the very fcanty notices of this foundation which have been handed down. In fa6l ihe only dire6l evidence on the fubjedl feems to be derived from Leland, who in his Itinerary gives the following account : — " Rogerus Erie of Hereforde founder of Flaxley in the Foreft of Deene. There was a brother of Rogers Erie of Hereforde that was kylled withe an arowe in huntynge in the very place where the Abbay: fyns was made. There was a table of this matier hanggid up in the Abbay Ghurche of Flexeley. There was a Bylhope of Hereford that holp much to the "building of Flexeley."^ . : :. '■■:";■' This tradition, related by Leland, has hitherto been accepted "by all the local hiflorians without, comment. But the tradition as it Hands seems to 1 Bigland's Hiflory of Glouceflerfliire, p. 582, 2 Fofbroke's Hiflory of Gloucellerftiire, Vol. ii, p. 177. 3 Nicholls' Forefl of Dean j p. 176.- * Duncumb's Herefordfliire, Vol. i, p, 126. 5 See Leland's Itinerary by Thomas Heafne, M.A., Vol. viii, p. 36 Leland vifited GloucesterfHire ihortly after the final diffolution of the Monafleries in 1539. His "Itinerary" contains an intereftiilg account of the various places in Glouceflerfliire visited by him. He mentions the Priory of St. Ofwald as flandihg " north north-weft from Gloucefler Abbey upon Severne ripe." Llanthony Priory is also mentioned as flanding "upon the left ripe of Severne a little beneath Gloucefter." Newnham, Auft Cliff, Berkeley, and Thornbury are all alluded to in turn, and the narrative is then continued by Leland as follows :— " As soon as I paffed over the arme of Severne at the weft end of Gloucefter, I entered into the foreft of Dene, the which thence downward alonge Severne into the mouth of Wye river (where it goeth into Severne) and on the other part again from Monmouth to the poyiit of Wye is divided from Wales by the left ripe of Wye river. "The soyle of the Foreft of Dene foir the moft part is more fruitful of wood and graffe than of come, and yet there is good come sufficient for the inhabitants of it. " The ground is plentiful of iron mines and divers forges be there to make iron. " Flaxley Abbey of White Monks stood in Dene foreft a 5 or 6 miles from Gloucefter. " Mr. Bainham dwelleth at Weftbury in the Foreft of Dene 6 miles from Gloucefter." It will be noticed that Leland fpeaks of Flaxley Abbey in the paft tenfe, fhowing that it had already been diffolved. The adlual date of the diffolution of this abbey was 4th Feb., 1536. The preface to the Itinerary ftates that the book was " Begunne about 1538, 30 Hen. VIII," and was infcribed to the king as a new year's gift, 38 Henry VIII, 1546-47. iflaxleg ^fifieg, 3 require explanation, for while nothing is known of the alleged death while hunting of any of Earl Roger's brothers^ all of whom are tolerably well known, it is related by several of the old chroniclers that Milo Earl of Hereford, father of Earl Roger, did meet his death in the way defcribed by Leland, while hunting in the Foreft of Dean on Chriftmas Eve 1143.^ Account of Earl Milds death by jfohn of Hexham and Gervase of Dover. The circumftances of Earl Milo's death are thus defcribed in the Hiftory of Simeon of Durham, continued by John Prior of Hexham, Twyfden Colledlion : page 273, line 50. " Obiit Milo Comes Herefordiae in vigilia natahs Domini venatui' infiftens, et sagitta tranffixus." In the chronicles of Gervafe of Dover, Twyfden coUedlion, page 1359, line 13, Earl Milo's death is referred to in the following terms : — " Nam Milo Comes Herefordenfis fpecialis ipfius confiliariis morte preventus vitam finivit." Again in the Gefta Stephani is given the following actount : — Page 16, " dum cervis infidiaretur a comite pecftus sagitta tranffixus sine mora interiit." And again at page loi : — " Dum in sacro vigiliarum nativitatis Domini die, cervis infidiaretur, a milite sagittam imprudenter in cervum dirigente pedlus tranfforatus, fine penitentiae fructu miferabiliter occubuit." Dugdale, in his account of the Earls of Hereford at page 536, Vol. i, of the " Baronage," has quoted from Gervafe of Dover and John of Hex- ham, and gives the following account of Earl Milo's death.: — "But at length being wounded by the fhot of an arrow in hunting upon 1 By his marriage with Sybill daughter of Bernard de Newmarch Earl Milo had five sons : — i. Roger, 2. Walter, 3. Mahel or Michel, 4. Henry, 5. William ; and three daughters, Margery rn. Humphrey de Bohun, Berta m. Philip de Braofe, and Lucie m. Herbert FitzHerbert Earl Roger died, it is fuppofed, fometime in 1155; and his four brothers all dying f.p., their three fiflers succeeded to the family eftates which were partitioned between them. 2 As regards the exa6t date of Earl Milo's death I have followed the author of Annales de Theo- kefberia, who gives 1 143 as the date, viz. : — "mcxliii. Innocentius Papa obiit et Celeflinus succeflit obiitque cui Lucius succeffit. Obiit que Milo comes Herefordias."— Annal. de Theokes. Rolls Series, p. 46, The same date 1143 is given in Nicholas' Hiftoric Peerage as the date of Milo's death, fee p. 246. Dugdale gives the date as Chriftmas 1144, see quotation in the text below; but there is diftindt evidence that Roger was ftyled " Earl of Hereford " in public inftruments at leall as early as 1144 — fee page 9, note i. 1143 feems therefore to be the more probable date. 4 JFlaxlcs aftheg. Xmas eve anno 1144, 9 Steph., he departed this Ufe and was buried in the Chapter Houfe at Llanthony." From the paflages above quoted there would feem to be abundant evidence in fupport of the accepted account of Earl Milo's death ; and it feeras difficult, to refifb the conclufion that the tradition of Earl Milo's death has been wrongly affociated by Leland with one of Earl Milo's fons inftead of with Earl Milo himfelf. That Elaxley Abbey was founded by Earl Roger to commemorate the fate of his father, feems to be, under the circumftances, probable enough; and according to Leland's tradition the fite of the Abbey marks the very fpot where Earl Milo met with his death under the cir- cumftances above defcribed. Earl Milo Excommunicated by the Bishop of Hereford. Earl Milo at the .time of his death is ftated to have been under fentence of excommunication pronounced on him and his followers by Robert de Betun Bifliop of Hereford for feizing the goods and lands of that See. The following account is given in the Gefta. Stephani of the circumftances under which this excommunication was pronounced. Earl Milo having revolted from his allegiance, and having attached himfelf to the eaufe of the Emprefs Matilda, colle6ted large forces at Gloucefter for tbe purpofe of harraffing the king. For the maintenance : of thefe troops he -endeavoured to impofe new exa6lions, but ■ met with refiftance at the - hanids of the Biftiop of Hereford (Robert de' Betun) who boldly withftood his unlawful demands, and at laft threatened Mm with exco^^^ This so exafperated Milo that he immediately invaded the BifhopWc and all its, lands .and poffeflions, whereupon the excommunication was pronounced. Bifhop Robert de Betun, who thus -withftogd. Earl Milo, was' himfelf an ex-prior of the motherhoufe of , Llanthony ihMonmputhfhire, It was. at his interceflion that Earl Milo was induced to become the patron and founder of the new Llanthony Priory near Gloucefter. The date of the foundation as given in Abbot Frouceftre's MS, Chronicle, is the 8th of the Kalends of June (May 25) a.d. 1136. Controversy regarding the burial of Earl Milo. The occafion of Earl Milo's death gave rife to a controverfy' between the monks of St. Peter's Abbey in Gloucefter, and the Canons of the newly ^ For an account of this controverfy fee original letters from the Gloucefter Cathedral Regifter A, printed in App. to the Introd. of Hift. Mon. S. Petri, Glouc, Vol. j, pp. Ixxv. to Ixxvii., and W. H. Hart's Introdudtion to Glouc. Cart., p. xxxiii. iFlaxleg ati&eg, 5 founded Llanthony Priory, regarding the place of burial. The controverfy was finally clofed in favour of Llanthony, and Earl Milo's body was surren- dered for burial to the Canons of Llanthony Priory on the fpecial condition that Earl Roger and his wife "and all their heirs for ever ajid the lord of Gloucefter Caftle whofoever he might be, Ihould wherever they died be buried within the walls of St. Peter's."' Flaxley Abbey having been foiinded by Roger Earl of Hereford to com- memorate the death of his father E^rl Milo, the hiftory of this foundation is feen to be intimately connedled with the family hiftory of the Earls of Hereford, and it will perhaps be coiivenient at this place to give a brief fketch of the hiftory of this family which played a very prominent part in the hiftory of thofe times.. Dugdale (Baronage, vol. i, p. 536) .relates tha,t Walter, Conftable of England, the founder of the family, erected the Caftle of Gloucefter upon his own demefne lands, and built aifo.' the Caftles of Briftol and Rochefter and the Tower of . London. He had the cuftody of the Caftles of Gloucefter and .Hereford, He endowed the Canons of Llanthony in Wales with a mpiety : of his Lordfhip of Beryntone ; and in his old age taking the habit of; Canon Regular died in Llanthony and was buried in the Chapter Houfe. Milo FitzW alter is ftatp.d to have been an expert foldier, and one of the chief counfellors of Henry I, who gave to him in marriage Sybill^ the eldeft daughter of Bernard de Newmarch, Lord of Brecknock, by his wife Nefta the daughter of Griffin ap Leweline. On the occafion of this marriage Milo received from Henry I the Honour i The manufcript from the Surrenden Colle(Stion printed at p. 364, Vol. iii., Trans. Brill, and Glouc. Arch. Soc, ftates that Earl Roger is buried in the Chapter Houfe of Llanthony Priory clofe by his father Earl Milo. But Leland dates in his Itinerary that Earl Roger is buried in the Chapter Houfe of St. Peter's at Gloucefter, where there is an infcription to his memory. Leland's ftatement on the point is quoted by Rudder (p. 127 and 179). According to the ftipulation made at the time of Earl Milo's burial, Earl Roger and his wife Ihould apparently have been buried at Gloucefter, and the memorial infcription in the Chapter Houfe makes it probable that Leland's account is correct. Earl Roger fliortly before his death became a monk of St Peter's Monaftery at Gloucefter, and allufions to this cu-cumftance wilt be found at pp. 88 and 331, Vol. i. of Hift. et Cart of St Peter's Monaftery at Gloucefter. The exadt date of Earl Roger's death is involved in some uncertainty. It is suppOfed to have occurred fome time during the year 1155. — See Editorial Notes at pp. 366 and 367, Trans. Briftol and Glouceftershire Arch. Soc, Vol iii, under paper relating to St Briavells Caftle. 2 The record of this marriage will be found amongft the Royal Charters of Henry I in the Duchy of Lancafter Records, see Regifter 1121, Winchefter. Grant to Milode Glouc. of Sibilla daughter of Bernard de Novo Mercato in marriage, pp. 6, 7, 8. PR. O. 6 jFlaxleg ^66^2* of Brecknock, and all the lands which his father held in capite, together with the office of Conffcable of the King's Court. Dugdale further relates that on the death of Henry I, Milo " expedling through the intereft he had with Maud the King's fole daughter and heir, to attain to the Earldom of Hereford, he fubtilly ufed all his power on her behalf and went with fome ftrength to his caftle at Gloucefter, where Ihe then was, and fetched her with honour thence." From Stephen, however, Milo obtained a reftitution in fee of the whole Honour of Gloucefter with the cuftody of the Tower and Caftle there, which he had held as his patrimony in the time of Henry I, and likewife the Barony of Brecknock with all the ofiices and lands whereof he was poffeffed in the time of Henry I.' Notwithftanding this, in the fourth year of Stephen's reign when Maud the Emprefs landed, Milo deferted Stephen, and repairing to her at Briftol acknow- ledged her for his fovereign, attended her to Gloucefter, where he received her very honourably and did homage to her. Grant to Earl Milo of St. BriavelVs Castle and Forest of Dean. On this occafion the Emprefs Maud beftowed on him St. Briavell's Caftle in Gloucefterfliire, and the whole Foreft of Dene, which so obliged him to her that he entered into a league with Robert Earl of Gloucefter her brother to aid him in keeping his caftles and all his inheritance.' Again after the capture of Stephen in the battle of Lincoln a confpiracy was formed againft the Emprefs Maud who fled for protedlion to Milo. 1 The record of this grant I cannot find. Amongft the Royal Charters of King Stephen tranfcribed in the Regifler of the Duchy of Lancafler Records are the following : — («) Confirmation to Earl Milo of grant made by Hen. I to Walter the Conflable of the land of Edric the fon of Ketel. (b) Grant to Earl Milo of all the land which the Bifhop of Exeter held in Gloucefter and had given to Milo. 2 No record of the alleged grant can be found in the "Regifter of Royal Charters;" from the Duchy of Lancafter Records, but the following grants of the Emprefs to Earl Milo are recorded : {a) "1141. St. Albans. Grant from the Emprefs Maud to Milo de Gloucefter of the houfe which belonged to Gregory the Sewer at Weftminfter," pp. 19, 20. {b) "1141. Oxford. Grant from the Emprefs Maud to Milo Earl of Hereford of the Caftle and Honor of Abergavenny," pp. 20, 21. The Charter of the Emprefs creating Milo Earl of Hereford is the only other grant between thefe parties of which a record can be found. Earl Milo created Earl of Hereford. On this occafion Ihe created him Earl of Hereford ; her charter of creation bearing date at Oxford on the Feaft of St. James the Apofble, giving thereby to him and his heirs the Caftle of Hereford with the third penny of the rent of that county, and the third penny of the pleas of the county ; the lordlhips of Hawerdine, Luggewardine and Wilton, all in that (hire ; the Haies of Hereford, and the Foreft of Trivele. This charter is printed in extenfo in Rymer's Foedera, Vol. i, p. 8 ; and alfo in Vol. v. Appendix v, to the Report on the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm. At Vol. ii, p. 140, of this Report will be found the opinion of the Lords' Committee regarding this charter of the Emprefs. It was con- fidered that the grant to Milo of the dignity of an Earl was a diftindl grant from the grant of the landed property given by the fame inftrument. The grant of the third penny of the county, which feems to have been the ancient fee of the Saxon Earl, renders it probable, in the opinion of the Committee, that as a dignity the title of Earl after the Conqueft bore fome refemblance to that of the Saxon Earl, though the Saxon Earl had official duties which did not belong to an Earl at the time of the creation of Milo. From the language of the charter the Lords' Committee inferred that the dignity granted to Milo was perfonal. ' Of Earl Milo's son and succeflbr Roger, founder of Flaxley Abbey, Dug- dale relates that he succeeded to the Earldom of Hereford, and having married Cecilie daughter of Pain FitzJohn, one of the chief counfellors of Henry I, and then lord of Ewyas, had a confirmation^ from King Stephen of the whole inheritance of the same Pain, and likewife of all thofe lands he had with his daughter in marriage, which were part of the honor of Hugh de Lacy. 1 On this point Sir John Maclean, F.S.A., remarks — "This would feem to be confirmed by fubfequent events. Roger was created Earl by Henry II. He did not fucceed, and was not fucceeded by his brothers." 2 The -record of this confirmation is preferved amongft the Duchy of Lancafler Records in the Regifter of Royal Charters, and flands as follows : — II27 1153. — Marlborough. Grant from King Stephen to Roger the fon of Milo de Gloucefler and Cecily his wife, daughter of Pain FitzJohn, in fee and inheritance of all the purchafes ' which the faid Pain held on the day of his death, and the marriage portion which he gave his daughter out of the honor of Hugh de Lacy, and all his rights in that honor, and moreover all that the faid tPain gave his wife Sibilla in dower: pp. 29, 30, 31. P.R.O. 8 JFIaxlES ^ftfteg. Charter of Henry II to Roger Earl of Hereford. Shortly after the acceffion of Henry II in 1 154 a charter was granted by him to Roger Earl of Hereford reciting and confirming the various poffeffions inherited by him. This charter is fet out at length in Vol. v, App. v, of the Lords' Report on the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm above referred to. The following are the moft important clauses: — "'; ' " Sciatis nos reddidiffe et conceffifle Rogero Comiti Herefordise in feudo et hereditate fibi et heredibus fuis ad tenendum de me et de meis heredibiis totum feudum Comitis Milonis patris fui, et totum feudum Bernardi de Novo Mercato ubicunque fit. Infuper etiam dedi et conceffi omnia dominica quaes rex Henricus avus meus habuit intra Sabrinam et Wayem in Glocefl:rfif excepto caftello de Sancto Briavello, et villa de Neweham et forefta de Dena. Hsec r funt ilia dominia videlicet Minftredwrd et Redlen et Aura et Dymoc, cum omnibus appendiciis fuis. Et ex altera parte Sabrinte dedi ei et conceffi Cilteham cum omnibus appendiciis fuis pro \xli terrse. Preterea dedi ei et conceffi mota Hereford cum toto Cafliello, et tercium denarium redditus burgi Herefordise quicquid unquam reddat et tercium denarium placitorum tocius comitatus Herefordise unde feci eum comitem." ' This charter of Henry II to Roger Earl of Hereford is recited in a fub- fequent charter granted by King John to Henry de Bohun. Rot. Cart, i Job. p. 2, m. 6. Both the charters granted to Roger Earl of Hereford and to Henry de Bohun were difcufled by the Lords' Committee, which expreffed the opinion that in both cafes the Earldom of Hereford was a fpecial creation, and that their dignities as Earls were not by reafon of the tenure of lands. The words of the Lords' Committee on this point are as follows : — "The words 'unde eum fecimus Comitem Hereford, in the Charter of John to Henry de Bohun, and the words 'unde feci eum comitem' in the Charter of Henry II to Roger son of Milo, feem to import that both Roger fon of Milo and Henry de Bohun were created Earls ; and that their dignities as Earls were not by reafon of tenure of lands or of the County of Hereford as an Earldom. King Henry may have difputed the grant of his mother to Milo, and in that cafe his own grant to Roger fon of Milo, though made to Roger and his heurs, may have been confidered as an original grant confined 1 From Rot. Cart, i Joh. p. 177 in Turr. Lond., printed at length in Vol. v, App. v, of the Lords' Report on the Dignity of a Peer. JFlaxleg ^fibeg. 9 to heirs of the body of Roger efpeciallv with refpedt to the dignity of Earl as the brothers of Roger did not fucceed to the dignity." ' The ftatement made by Dugdale, that St. Briavell's Caftle in Gloucefterfhire and the whole Foreft of Dene was bellowed by the Emprefs Maud on Earl Milo, is apparently bafed on fome document in the Duchy of Lancafter Records. The reference quoted by Dugdale is taken " Ex magno Regiftro in (Officio ducatus Lane." I have made a search for this document," but without fu'ccefs ; and in the abfence of the original evidence, the alleged grant td Earl Milo of the Foreft of Dene and of St. Briavell's Gaftle muft be accepted for the prefent on Dugdale's fole authority. 1 The Charter granted by Hen. II to Roger Earl of Hereford is undated ; but the approximate date is fixed by Mr. Eyton as about March 1155, while the Court was flill at Weflminfter. (Court, Houfehold and Itinerary of King Hen. II by Rev. R. W. Eyton, k.A., 1878, page 9!) The death of Milo Earl oi Hereford and father of Roger occurred as befdire fliowh, oh Chriflmas Evfe, 1143, according to the author of the Annals of Tewkefbury. There ffeems to be dHlindl evidence that Roger, fon and fucceffor of Earl Milo, at once affumed the tide of Earl of Hereford on his father's death, for in vol. i, p. 311 of Cart, et Hifl. Mon. S. Petri, Glouc, is recorded a formal deed of exchange, executed 1144 "in prsefentia domini Rogeri Comitis Herefordise." In the earliefl charter granted to Flaxley Abbey of which any record remains, Henry Duke of Normandy formally confirmed the donations to the Abbey of Roger, " Earl of Hereford," who himfelf appears amongft the attefling witneffes, and is ftyled Earl of Hereford. In another charter granted by the fame Prince Henry, before his acceffion, to Robert Fitzharding of Berkeley, Roger, " Earl of Hereford," appears amongft the attefting witneffes. Thefe fadls feem clearly to prove Roger affumed the ftyle and dignity of Earl of Hereford long before the charter of Henry II which was confidered by the Lords' Committee to amount to a formal creation of that title. There is no evidence to fhow that Roger was ever recognifed as Earl of Hereford by Stephen, though Roger appears to have affumed the title on his father's death on Chriftmas eve 1143, and to have held it until the acceffion of Henry II. The probability would feem to be that Roger afpired to fucceed to all the eftates and dignities granted to his father Milo by the Emprefs Maud, including St. Briavell's Castle and the whole Foreft of Dene. Recognition of these grants by Stephen could not have been "expected ; and although the grants made by Earl Roger to the Flaxley monks in forest limits were formally confirmed by Prince Henry before his acceffion, the charter granted by Henry II to Earl Roger makes fpecial exception of St Briavell's Caftle and the Foreft of Dene, which were by implication retained in the king's own hands. In connection with the fame fubjefl; it may be noted that the fee and inheritance of Englifh Bicknor (Byknore) which belonged to Ulric de Dene, and is Ctuated within the Foreft limits, is fpecially noted as having been granted by Henry I to Milo de Gloucefter the Conftable. The record of this grant is amongft the Royal Charters in the Duchy of Lancafter records. Roger Earl of Hereford would naturally have fucceeded to this eftate irrefpective of the alleged grant of the whole Foreft of Dean to Earl Milo by the Emprefs Maud — (See p. 16, note 3). 2 This document fliould apparently be noted in the official calendar to the Duchy of Lancafter Records known as the Great Cowchers. Thefe vo)umes have been fearched by me without fuccefs, although I have received the courteous affiftance of an experienced official in the Public Record Office. C 10 jFlaxlcg ^bfteg. It is important, however, to notice that in the charter -of Henry II to Earl Roger Ihortly after his acceflion, above quoted, a fpecial exception was made of "the Caftle of St. Briavell's, the vill of Neweham, and the Foreft of Dene," all of which, it muft be inferred, were retained by Henry II in his own hands. Flaxley Abbey was founded within the limits of the Foreft of Dene after the alleged grant of that Foreft to Earl Milo by the Emprefs Maud, and before the refumption of the Foreft under the terms of the grant made by Henry II to Earl Milo's fon and succeffor Roger. Earl Roger appears to have made up his father's quarrel with Robert de Betun Bifhop of Hereford ; and is ftated to have been a great benefactor to the See of Hereford. Amongft other grants he gave back the Hayes or woods of Rofs, which are fuppofed to have been included in the gift of Edmund Ironfide, who left to the See the valuable manor of Rofs. This reftitution is thus referred to in Bifhop Swinfield's Regifter, fol. 15 a: — " Hayas de Ros quas ante tempus meum amiferat cum omni plenitudine et dominie venationis et aHarum rerum ecclefiae ipfius (sc. epifcopi) reftituo.'" Earl Roger was alfo a great benefactor to the Abbey of St. Peter's in Gloucefter, and to the Monks of Brecknock. For a lift of his donations to St. Peter's vide references given in 'Hift. et Cart. Mon., St. Peter's, Glouc, vol. iii, p. 374. In the Regifter of Royal Charters belonging to the Duchy of Lancafter Records is fet forth the deed whereby Henry I granted, a.d. 1121, in marriage to Milo de Gloucefter Sibilla, daughter of Bernard de Novo Mercato. Below the MS. tranfcript of this charter in the P.R.O., there is the following official note which feems to throw fome light on the ftatement in the text : — " It is conceived that this charter could not have been seen by Dugdale, who evidently alludes to fome other when he fays " The King gave to Milo in marriage Sibill the eldeft daughter of Bernard de New- marche Lord of Brecknock, together with the Honor of Brecknock, fo likewife all his father's lands held in capite with the office of Conftable of his Court as by his Charter dated at Roan appeareth." — The reference of this charter is thus given in the Baronage " Ex Regiftro magno in Ducatu Lancaftriae," but as neither any such book, nor the charter referred to are at the prefent day (1834) to be found in the Duchy office, this and fome other allufions to the fame Regifter feem ftrongly to favour a belief that Dugdale muft have feen a third volume, fimilar to the two called the Great Cowchers, but which fmce his time has paffed into other hands. The grant quoted by Dugdale is probably of a later date than the Charter now under confideration, which feems to have been made to Milo prior to his father's deceafe, and before he succeeded to the hereditary Conftableship of England, as he is herein only defcribed as Milo de Gloucefter." 1 See Abftract and Illuftrations of Bifhop Swinfield's Roll by the Rev. John Webb, page xx, printed for the Camden Society. jFlaxleg ^biEg. ii In the charter granted by Earl Milo to the Priory of Llanthony near Gloucefter there are one or two interefting allufions to his fon Roger. With reference to the grant of the manor of Hethamftede the charter tranflated runs as follows : — "This donation I and my wife Sybille and my fons Roger, Walter, and Henry did make in the church of the Canons of Gloucefter. Roger who is now married took an oath upon the altar of St. Mary and upon the four Evangelifts that he would never hereafter give them any difturbance concern- ing that manor." The fame charter alfo refers to the grant of a moiety of the fifliery at Hafpool "by delivering a golden ring upon the altar in the fame church which I did in gratitude for the recovery of my fon Roger." , At the time of Earl Milo's death William de Wycombe, well-known as the biographer of Robert de Betun Bifhop of Hereford, was prior of the newly founded houfe of Llanthony near Gloucefter. After Milo's death William de Wycombe wrote a narrative entitled " The whole Tyranny and malicious proceedings of the Earl, and his excommunication from the stock of Christ." This writing was brought to the notice of Roger Earl of Hereford by the monks of Llanthony, who were anxious to get rid of William de Wycombe, and Earl Roger exafperated by the pamphlet is faid to have made William of Wycombe's pofition fo difficult that he was forced to refign his office of Prior. Earl Roger having been, as above ftated, a great benefactor to the See of Hereford, and having made up his father's quarrel with Biffiop Robert de Betun, fome light is thrown upon the ftatement made by Leland that there was a Biffiop of Hereford " that holpe muche to the buildinge of Flexeley." Who then was this Bishop ? Robert de Betun was Biffiop of Hereford at the time of Earl Milo's death on Chriftmas eve 1143 ; and he died at Rheims on "the 16 of the Kalends of May," 1148, according to the ftatement of his biographer Wilham of Wycombe. Robert de Betun was succeeded at Hereford by Gilbert FoHot, who prefided over the See of Hereford until his tranffer to the diocefe of London in 1163. The Biffiop of Hereford referred to by Leland muft then apparently have been either Robert de Betun or Gilbert Foliot ; and could it be afcertained which of thefe two Biffiops of Hereford took part in the building of Flaxley, the evidence would materially affift in fixing the a6lual date of the founda- tion. There are fome reafons for thinking that Gilbert Foliot was probably 12 iFlaxlesi ^ftiJes* the Bifhop^ referred to by Leland, for had Flaxley Abbey been built in the Hfetime of that bifhop's predeceffor Robert de Betun, between Chriftmas 1 143, the date of Earl Milo's death, and 1148 the date of his own death, fome notice of that event would probably have been made in William de Wycombe's life of Robert de Betun which has been already referred to. William de Wycombe was Prior of Llanthony* near Gloucefler ; and the foundation of a neighbouring monaftery by Earl Roger the patron of Llanthony, with the affiftance of Robert de Betun, a former prior of Llanthony, was an event which William de Wycombe would have been little likely to omit had it occurred in the lifetime of Robert de Betun. At the time of the foundation of Flaxley Abbey the Foreft of Dean appears to have formed an ecclefiaftical diftridl of itfelf, known as the deanery of the Foreft of Dean. Until the eftablifhment of the See of Gloucefter at the time of the Diffolution the Foreft Deanery was subjedl to the jurifdidlion of the Bifhops of Hereford. The Abbey of Flaxley being founded within this jurifdidlion fell naturally under the authority of the Bifhops of Hereford ; and the original Regifters of that See ftill preferved at Hereford, in the cuftody of the Bifhop's Regiftrar, contain, it is fuppofed, the only evidence ftill extant of the names and dates of the inftallation of the Flaxley Abbots Thefe records will be noticed hereafter. AfTuming then that Flaxley Abbey was founded during the epifcopate of Gilbert Foliot, and before the acceffion of Henry H on 19 December, 11 54, the date of the foundation can be fix-ed approximately as occurring between 1 148 and 1 154. 1 Gervafe of Dover rTwyfden), page 1377, line 63, relates that Roger Earl of Hereford wifliing to rebel againft Henry II was brought back to his allegiance by his relation Gilbert Foliot Bifhop of Here- ford. 2 Of Llanthony Priory near Gloucefler an interefting relic has been preferved at Flaxley in the fhape of a window of painted glafs bearing the arms and device of the Priory of Llanthony. A coloured print and defcription of thefe arms will be found in a work entitled " Some account of Llanthony Priory," by the Rev. G. Roberts, late Vicar of Monmouth, reprinted from the Archaologia Cambrenfis, No. iii and publiflied in 1847 by W. Pickering, 177, Piccadilly, London. The defcription of the arms is by the late J. D. Thos. Niblett, Efq., of Hareffield Court, Gloucefler, who Rates that the window now in Flaxley Church was originally placed in the Chapel of Old Quedgeley Court, the ancient manor houfe and country feat of the Priors of Lanthony. Some of the glafs frpm this chapel was fet up in the mortuary chapel at Bromefberrow, and a few of the (hields were given by Mr. H. G. Dobyns Yate to the late Sir Thos Crawley Boevey, Bart, of Flaxley Abbey, who caufed them to be inferted in the old Flaxley Church built by Mrs. Mary Pope. On the erection of the new church, which was confecrated in 1856, the Llanthony windows were transferred to the new church, where they may now be feen. jHaxlea ^tJ&cg. 13 General description of the Public Records relating to Flaxley Abbey. Having then fixed as clofely as the evidence will allow, the date of this foundation, it will now be convenient, before difcuffing the contents of the various charters, grants, etc., made to the Abbey, to give a brief general defcrip- tion of all the records and documentary evidence which I have been able to find relating to Flaxley Abbey. Thefe records may be conveniently claflified as follows : — I. — Public Records confifting of' antient charters, grants, confirmation charters, patents, etc., together with inquifitions, hcences to acquire land, and all mifcellaneous references on record in the Public Rolls, II. — The Cartulary of Flaxley Abbey, containing ninety-feven original documents, confifting chiefly of grants, affignments, etc., made by various local benefactors to the Abbey and Monks. The original Roll on which thefe documents are tranfcribed was in the pofleffion of the late Sir Thomas Phillipps of Middlehill, co. Warwick, and latterly of Thirleftaine Houfe, Cheltenham. III. — Extradls from the original Regifters of the Bifliops of Hereford re- lating to Flaxley Abbey. Thefe records are in the cuftody of the Bifhop's Regiftrar at Hereford. Of the documents included under the firft head no attempt has, it is believed, ever been made to furnifh anything like a complete lift. Under the brief notice of "Flexeley" Abbey in Biftiop Tanner's " Notitia Monaftica," will be found a lift of fome of thefe documents and references to the public records; and this lift has been incorporated as it ftands in the laft (1825) edition of Dugdale's " Monafticon Anglicanum." But Bilhop Tanner's lift of references, befides being incomplete, furnifhes no information regarding the nature or contents of the various documents adverted to ; and pains have, therefore, now been taken to furnifh a more complete and accurate lift with the afliftance of the excellent calendars and indexes publiftied by the Record Commiflioners ; and to give fome account of the valuable a^d interefting papers referred to. For convenience of reference and to aflift future enquirers, I have appended to this paper a complete lift of the references confulted. See Appendix, pt. i. The more important and interefting of the charters, grants, etc., hitherto unpubliihed, will be found at length in the Appendix. The following table exhibits at a glance the chief fources of information confulted by me in the PubHc Record Office : — 14 Jlaxleg ^febeg. I. — Cartae Antiquae. References to Flaxley Abbey noticed in the Calendar of Sir Jofeph AylofFe. 2. — Clofe Rolls. As far as they' have been yet (1881) printed or calendared by the authorities of the Record Office ; viz., to the 57th year of Henry III. 3. — Charter Rolls. Calendared from i John to end of Edward IV. 4. — Patent Rolls. Calendared down to 23 Edward IV. 5. — Inquifitions post mortem, and ad quod damnum. Calendared from Henry III to Richard III. 6. — Hundred Rolls for Henry II and Edward I, printed by Record Com- miffioners, and Placita de Quo Warranto. 7. — Taxation of Pope Nicholas and Valor Ecclefiafticus, printed by Record Commiffioners. 8. — Annales Monaftici, Rolls Series. 9. — Records of the Duchy of Lancafter. 10. — Placita Foreftae de Dene, 42 and 54 Henry III, 10 Edward I, 9 to 15 Edward III. Four county bags in the chief clerk's office. Chapter House. In addition to the books and records mentioned, I have obtained some few additional references from the Indexes and Calendars to the following publications : — Pipe Roll, Oblata Rolls, Originalia Rolls ; and I have con- fulted all the Indexes and Calendars to which my attention was diredled by the officials of the PubHc Record Office as likely to furnifh additional infor- mation. I cannot, of courfe, fuppofe that the lift of references furnifhed by me relating to Flaxley Abbey is in any fenfe complete or exhauftive. My enquiries have been limited to thofe records and publications of which calendars and indexes have been pubHffied. All the records relating to Flaxley Abbey, of which I could find any mention in thefe calendars, I have carefully examined ; and reference has in all cafes been made to the original Rolls, whenever it appeared neceffary to do fo for the purpofe of afcertain- ing their contents. The profecution of further enquiry at the PubHc Record Office without the affiftance of the publilhed calendars and indexes will obvioufly be a far more laborious and difficult talk than that which has been attempted in thefe notes. Cartulary of Flaxley Abbey. Of the valuable feries of documents comprifed in the Cartulary of Flaxley Abbey a notice in some detail is given hereafter ; and at this place it is only neceffary for me to note my warm acknowledgments to the Rev. J. E. A. and Mrs. Feiiwick, of Thirleftaine Houfe, Cheltenham, and to Mr. Samuel Gael, of Battledown Knoll, Charlton Kings, near Cheltenham. To Mr. and Mrs. Fenwick I feel peculiarly indebted for the cordial affift- ance received in the profecution of my enquiries ; and to their kindnefs and liberality I am indebted for the prefent opportunity of publilhing this intereft- ing and valuable coUedlion of monaftic documents. The exiftence of the original Flaxley Cartulary in the library of the late Sir Thos. Phillipps, Bart., is mentioned in Nichols' " Colledtanea Topographica et Genealogica," vol. i, p. 203, but no account of the whole cartulary, or of its contents, has, it is believed, been ever before made public. Registers of the Bishops of Hereford. The extradls from the Regifters of the Bifhops of Hereford relating to Flaxley Abbey are feven in number. Six of thefe extradts relate to the in- ftitution of various Abbots of Flaxley, the remaining extradt being a Bull of Pope Innocent granting protection to the Abbey of Flaxley, and recorded at p. 58 of the Regifter of Thomas de Cantelupe, Bifhop of Hereford, from 1275 to 1282. The names of the Abbots inftituted, and all the particulars relating to them on record, will be noticed in the proper place hereafter. Thefe interefting records are in the cuftody of the Bilhop's Regiftrar, Mr. H. C. Beddoe, who has given me every poffible afliftance in the profecution of my enquiries at Hereford ; and I am glad to have this opportunity of publicly acknowledging my obUgation to him for his uniform kindnefs and courtefy. I. Records relating to Flaxley Abbey extant on the Public Rolls. The earlieft charter granted to Flaxley Abbey after the foundation purports to have been made by Prince Henry Duke of Normandy. Copies of the original Latin charter^ will be found both in Dugdale's Monafticon, and alfo in Atkyns' Hiftofy of Gloucefter. The following tranflation is from Atkyns, revifed however, in one or two points where that tranflation is at fault. The charter of Henry Duke of the Normans reciting the grants of the benefactors of the Abbey of Flaxley in the County of Gloucefter and confirming the fame. 1 Cart. Antiq., x, No. 4- P-R-O 1 6 -iPlaxlea ^&iif2« Henry Duke of Normandy' and Earl of Anjou to ArcfeMfliops, etc., gi-eetinf . iKftow ye that I have gfahtfed and confirmed to God aM Si. Mary and to the Monks of the Ciftercian order, for the good of the fouls of toy anceftors and of my own foul in perpetiial alms all thofe donations Which Roger Earl of fc[ereford gave to thofe Monks in alms according to the t&ndv of theii- charters to wit — a certain place in the vallfey of Caftiai*d^ called Flaxley to build an Abbey there : and all that land called Waftadene which did belong to Walfric ; and an iron work (fabricam ferrariam) at Edland ; and all the land under the old Caftle of Dene^ which remains to be aff^rted . and that which is already affarted ; and a certain fifhery at Redley called Nfewerre ; and a meadow in Pulmede ^ and all eafements in the foreft of Dene ; v, and all the demefnes in Dymmock and the lands belonging to Walfric, but fo that if Uthred the Clerk continues in the Abbey with the lands he ex- changed to wit two yard lands, that then he fhall give no account of it to any body but the Abbot ; Half the wood at Dymmock ; alid all the tithes of Chefnuts in D'ene every year ; and all the land of Geoffry fon of the aforefaid Walfric which the Earl of Hereford did releafe ; and all the land of Leffric de Staura which the Earl of Hereford did like- iwife releafe ; Wherefore I will, etc. We do not only confirm to them thefe aforefaid 1 Six acres of land under ' Caflhard ' were granted to the Abbey by William de Mineriis. This grant was confirmed and additional land given by Henry fon of William de Mineriis. Other land under 'Cafliard ' was given to the Abbey by Willia*n of Denfe, King's forefler. See Cartulary, Nos. 9, 10, and 16. 2 The ' old Caflle of Dene ' requires identification. An allusion may, perhaps, be made to this Callle in No. 12 of the Cartulary in which Hugh le Petit grants to the Abbey his lands at ' Neweham,' near the ditch of the old Callle (juxta foffam veteris Caflelli). 3 Geoffry, fon of William of Dene, granted to the Abbey the whole of that part of the meadow in Pulmede, which he held adjoining the gard6ii of Henry de Mineriis. See Car'tulary iNb. 17. In the Calendar of Royal Charters in the Duchy of Lancafter Records is the Tranfcript of a Charter of Henry I to Milo de Gloucefter " the Conftable," granting him the fee and inheritance of the land of Englifli Bicknor which belonged to Uhic de Dena. This Charter is printed in extenfo in the Tranfadions of the Briftol and Glouc. Archaeol. Soc, vol. iv. p. 319. jFlaxkij ^titieg. 17 grants, but we alfo confirm all others which the fame Roger Earl of Here- ford does intend to give unto them in alms. Witneffes Roger "Earl of Hereford,"^ WilUam de Crevecour,^ Richard de Humett Conftable,' Philip de Columbariis.* Robert de Ivigum. William de Augervill. William Cumin. At Evefham. Charter of King Henry II. Prince Henry, after fucceeding to the throne as Henry H, appears to have confirmed and extended the original charter granted to Flaxley Abbey. Copy of the original Latin charter® is given by Dugdale. The following is a correct tranflation : — The Charter of King Henry II to the Abbey of Flaxley. .. Henry by the grace of God King of England, and Duke of Ndrmandy and. Aquitaine and Earl of Anjou, to Archbiftiops, etc., and to all faithful as well Englifh as Normans, both prefent and to come, , greetingy^r— , Know ye that I have given and confirmed to God and the Bleffed Mary and to the Monks of Dene which I have received into my protedlion for the good of my foul and of my ancefliors in perpetual almS a certain place within the Foreft of Dene to wit All the valley of Cafl:iard and the place called Flaxley where an Abbey is founded of the Ciftercian order in honour of the biefTed Virgin Mary for the love of God and the benefit of the foul of my grandfather King Henry, and of the foul of my father the Earl of Anjou, arid of Maud the Emprefs my mother, and of the foul of all rny parents and anceftors, and for the good of my own foul and of my heirs and for the profperity and peace of the Kingdom of England ; ' Roger "Earl of Hereford" appears alfo as one of ithe attefUng Tvi-tiieffes to the charters granted by Henry Duke of Normandy, and by Henry H to Robert Fitzharding of Berkley. — Briflol and Gloucefler Arch. Trans., Vol. i, p. 135-36. 2 William Crevequer (Crevecour) mentioned as an attefling witnefs in a charter granted to Nuneaton. ^ Richard de Humett Conflable mentioned as attefting charters of Henry II to Thetford Priory and Walden Abbey (Dug.) ; alfo to Nuneaton and to Robert Fitzharding of Berkley. * Philip de Columbariis appears as a witnefs in the firft. charter granted by Henry Duke of Normandy to Eobert Fitzharding of Berkley. 5 Cart Antiq. NN., n. 39, and. Pat. 22 R. II, p. 3, m. 16, per infpex., and Pat. 27 Henry VI, part i, m. 6. D 1 8 jFIaxlc2 ^fettf^. I have alfo granted to them and have confirmed all the donations which Roger Earl of Hereford gave to them in alms in the fame manner as his charters do exprefs ; (ficut cartse ejus teftantur). Moreover I have granted and confirmed to them all eafements within my foreft of Dene to wit common of paffcure for their young cattle and hogs, and for all other beafts ; and wood and timber to repair their houfes and buildings and for other neceffaries without committing wafte in the foreft ; And I have given them tithes of cheftnuts out of the fame foreft ; (decimse caftanearum) And the farm called Waftedene ; (Waftedena grangia) And one iron forge (unam forgiam ferrariam) free and quit (quietam) and with as free liberty to work as any of my forges in demefne ; And all the land under the old Caftle of Dene which remains to be affarted and that which is already aflarted to wit one hundred acres ; And a fiftiery at Redley called Nowere ; And a meadow at Reidley called Pulmede containing four acres ; And all the land which Leuveric de Staura gave to them in alms ; And the farm which I gave them at Wallmore out of my new ploughed grounds (de effartis meis) containing two hundred acres with the meadows and paftures and all other eafements ; And four acres of Northwood ; And all my demefnes at Dymmock and five virgates (virgatas) of land and a half befide the demefnes ; and half my wood at Dymmock and half my nets (retium) which I have in my hands for the convenience of my men (propter Aifiamenta hominum meorum) becaufe I would have my Monks enjoy that part of the wood peaceably and quietly without any interfering with any other perfons ; and I ftraightly command that no perfon offer to difturb them on this account. I further give to them my new ploughed grounds (effartum quoddam') under Caftiard called Vincents Land. All thefe I give unto God and to the bleffed Mary and to my Monks devoutly ferving God to have and to hold for ever quit (foluta) and difcharged (quieta) from all regards and other fecular exadions whereof I will, etc. 1 Both in this and in the earlier charter of Prince Henry are feveral allufions made to clearings in the forells technically known in foreft law as Affarts or Effarts. The meaning of this word has been thus quaintly defcribed by Manwood : — " Verelie when that the pleafant woods of the Forefte or thicke bufliie places meete for the fecret Jlaxleg ^66eg. 19 Witneffes : Richard de Humett, William de Crevecour, Philip de Columbariis, William de Augerwill. At Evefham. Neither of thefe charters, it will be obferved, bears any date. It appears, however aliunde, that the charter of Henry 11 was tefted at Evefham between the months of April and Auguft 1158 (Eyton's Itin., Henry II, p. 37), The earUer charter is atteited, it will be noticed, by Roger Earl of Hereford amongft others. As Earl Roger died fometime in 1155, and, Prince Henry did not fucceed to the throne until 19 December, 11 54, the earlier charter mull, apparently, have been granted to Flaxley Abbey before that date. Character of the foundation Charters. Coming now to the matter of thefe two earlier charters it will be noticed that in moft points they are in subftance identical, but that the later charter of King Henry II is fuller and more specific in its terms than the earlier charter granted by Prince Henry before his acceffion. The language ufed in King Henry II's charter feems to draw a marked diftin6lion between the royal grants and privileges given to the Abbey, and the private gifts of Roger Earl of Hereford and other benefadtors. In the earlier charter no such diftindlion appears to be drawn ; and fo far as the language of that charter goes, it would feem that all the pofleffions and privileges of the Abbey in the foreft of Dean were derived from the gift of Earl Roger. King Henry II's charter purports to ftate that the grant of " the valley pf Caftiard and the place called Flaxley where an Abbey is founded of the Ciftercian order in honour of the bleffed Virgin Mary " was made by the king himfelf. The land fo granted undoubtedly formed part of the royal Foreft of Dean, which, it will be remembered, was expreflly referved to the king in the charter granted by Henry II to Roger Earl of Hereford noticed at p. 8 above. The marked diftindlion already adverted ,to between the language of the earlier and later charters may, perhaps, be accounted for to fome extent by the doubtful pofition of the Foreft of Dean after the death of Earl Milo in 1 143, and before the refumption of that foreft by Henry II circa 1154. It has been already noticed that a formal grant of the Foreft of Dean was feeding of wilde bealles be cut down, deflroyed or plucked up by the rootes, and the fame ground be made a plaine and turned into arable land, this by the lawes of the forefle is properly faid to be an ^ffart or land affarted." Manwood's Treatife on the Forefl Laws fhows that Affarts in the foreft were fubject to very ftricSt rules, pp. 19 to 23, 4th edition. 20 jFlaxleg ^iibeg, made to Earl Milo by the Emprefs Maud; but it is very doubtful whether this grant was ever recognifed by Stephen. Earl Roger may have afpired to fucceed to the iForeft of Dean as part of his father's poffeffions; and in fadl the foundation of Flaxjey Abbey within foreft limits, and the liberal grants made to the Abbey of foreft land feems to fuggeft that Earl Roger did so afpire ; but there is no evidence that this pretenfion was ever recognifed by Stephen, and any; doubt that may have exifted on the fubject was removed by the diftin 61 refervation of the Foreft of Dean in the charter granted by Henry II to Roger Earl of Hereford. ;. Flaxley a Cistercian Abbey. Flaxley Abbey was founded of the Ciftercian order, and there is a tradi- tion which is noticed by Mackenzie Walcot,' that the Abbey was colonized from the Abbey of Bordefley in Worcefterfhire. The Ciftercians, as is well known, were a branch of the Benedictine Order, and the ftridl obfervance of the rule of St. Benedict was one of the chief profeffions made by all Cifter- cian abbots at the time of inftallation. Ciftercians were fometimes called Bernardines, becaufe St. Bernard was a great propagator of this order. Alfo White Monks, becaufe their habit was a white caflbck with a narrow fcapulary ; but they fometimes . wore a black gown with long fleeves when they went abroad, but not to church. Flaxley Abbey was dedicated to " the bleffed Mary of Dene." The Virgin was the tutelary faint of all Ciftercian monas- teries ; and frequent allufions are made in the records to the abbot and monks "of the bleffed Mary of Dene." In feledlingfites for their religious houfes the monks of this order were noted for their choice of the moft pidlurefque and inacceflible fpots, ufually buried in wood and near water. "Walter Map, writing temp. Henry H,. has thus terfelydefcribed,;not without fatire, the characteriftic fpots chofen by Ciftercians, in accordance with the foundation ftatutes of their order, for the eftabliftiment of their monafteries :— " Locum ad habitandum habilem eligunt, fcecundum, refponfalem frugibus, non inaptum feminibus, feptum nemoribus, fcaturientem fontibus, cornucopiam locum extra mundum,"* which may be thus freely rendered : — 1 "Englifli Minfters," Vol. ii, p. 121. I fliould be glad to afcertain from what fource Mackenzie Walcot derived this information. The tradition feems probable enough, and is well worth verifying if poffible. Abbot Alan, formerly monk of Bordefley, was elected Abbot of Dene in 11 87, on the refigna- tion of Abbot Waleran. In 1335, when the Abbot of Flaxley was fufpended for mifcondua, the Abbot of Bordefley was one of the three Commiffioners appointed by the Crown. 2 Gualterus Mapes de Nugis Curia :— Camden Society publication, p. 39. For an account of Walter jFlaxleg ^66^2* 21 "They choofe a place fit for habitation, fertile, good for fruit, fuitable for grain, buried in woods, abounding in fprings, a horn of plenty, a place apart from the haunts of men," The Abbeys of Tintern, Dore, and Flaxley, are all three of them typical Ciftercian Abbeys, remarkable for the Angular beauty of their furroundings. Tintern Abbey, in Monmouthfliire, has long been celebrated for its remark- able beauty of fite, "with its landfcape accompaniments, of meadow and wood, rock, and flowing water." The Abbey of Dore, in Herefordfhire, is liot fo well known, but its beauty has been celebrated in Camden's defcription of the Golden Vale : — "which name it may well be thought to deferve for its golden rich and pleafant fertility. For the hills that encompafs it on both fides are clothed with woods ; under the woods lie the corn fields on each hand ; and under thofe fields lovely and fruitful meadows. In the middle between them glides a clear and cryfl;al river upon which Robert Earl of Ewias erected a beautiful monafl;ery, wherein very many of the nobility and gentry of thofe parts were buried." The Abbey of Flaxley, in the Foreft of Dean, is probably the leaft well known of the three Abbeys mentioned, but the pidlurefque beauty of the fite is, perhaps, quite as charadleriftic in its own fl;yle as that of either Tintern or Dore. On the one fide looking towards the forefl;, the green vale of Cafbiard winds out of fight amongft a labyrinth of well wooded hills. On the other fide looking towards the Severn, the eye can rove for miles as far as the Cotfwold hills, over one of the moft; extenfive and beautiful visws of the Severn valley.' Map, who was a native of the Welfli border, on the confines of Gloucefterfhire, and who, amongft other preferments, held the living of Wefl-bury-on-Severn in Gloucefterfhire, conf. Introduction to his works publifhed by the Camden Society. In the conftitutions of the Ciftercian order very clear rules were laid down for the fituation and charadler of the church and monaftic buildings. The monaftery was to be in a folitary place. • "In civitatibus, in cafl£llis aut villis nulla noftra coriftruenda funt cceriobia, fed in locis a converfatione hominum femotis." (Inft. Capit. Gen. Ordinis. Cifterc. 1134.) ^ Regarding the view from the park at Flaxley, Bigland thus notes at. p. 583, Hift. of Glouc. : — "In the park on the north-eaft is a natural terrace of confiderable extent commanding a moft intereftingview of the cultivated vale of the Severn and the City of Glouceft^r, flanked by the whole chain of the Cotf- wold mountains, from Bredon to Sodbury Hill, a line of more than fifty miles. The frequent windings of the river in the foreground appear like fo many lakes in fucceffion, and give a highly pidurefque effedt to this fingularly pleafing landfcape." ., ' 22 JFlaxlrg ^htteg* Grant of Common of Pasture throughout the Forest. The monks of Flaxley having received from the king the beautiful vale of Caftiard to build their monaftery were, at the fame time, liberally endowed with important rights and privileges within the foreft limits. The importance of thefe rights cannot properly be appreciated without remembering that they were granted at a time when the Norman foreft laws' were in full operation, and when the royal prerogative was enforced by the infliction of the moft fevere and cruel penalties. The charter of Henry II granted to the monks of Flaxley, amongft other important rights, " all eafements within my foreft of Dean, to wit, common of pafture for their young cattle and hogs, and for all other beafts ; and wood and timber to repair their houfes and buildings and for other necef- faries without committing wafte in the foreft." The right of common of pafture throughout the royal Foreft of Dean within the extenlive boundaries' prefcribed by the Norman kings was clearly a right of a 1 For a brief and comprehenfive account of thefe laws, fee Manwood's well-known " Treatife on the Foreft Laws." The fourth edition of this treatife, publifhed 1717, contains as an Appendix the forefl laws of Canute, the Charta de Forefla of 9 Henry III, and all the later ftatutes and rules relating to forefls. The chief effecSs of the Charta de Forefla were (i) to put a flop to the arbitrary extenfions of the royal forefts and to reftore them to reafonable dimenfions ; and (2) to mitigate the cruel penalties pre- vioufly enforced againfl. thofe who killed the king's deer. The nature of thefe penalties may be inferred from Article 10 of the Charta de Forefla, which runs as follows : — " No man from henceforth fhall lofe neither life nor member for killing our deer ; but if any man be taken therewith and convidl for taking of our venison he fhall make grievous fine if he hath anything whereof to, make fine ; and if he hath nothing to leefe, he fhall be imprifoned a year and a day, and after the year and a day expired (if he can find fufficient fureties) he fhall be delivered and if not he fhall abjure the realm." Article 4 of the Charta de Forefla had a fpecial importance for the Flaxley monks on account of their reCdence within foreft. limits. " All Archbilhops, Biihops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Knights, and other our freeholders, which have their woods in forefls, fhall have their woods as they had them at the time of the firil coronation of King Henry our grandfather, fo that they fliall be quit for ever of all Purpreftures, Wades, and Affarts, made in thofe woods after that time until the beginning of the fecond year of our coronation. And thofe that from henceforth do make Purprefl.ures without our fpecial Ucenfe, or wafte or assart the fame, fliall anfwer unto us for the fame waftes, Purpreftures, and Assarts." In the Placitade Forefta of 10 Edward I, membrane 18, under the head of " De novo vafto bofcorum " appear the following entries : — " Bofcus Abbatis de Flexley in Parva Dene vaftatus de novo per eundem Abbatem." " Bofci ejufdem Abbatis de Cafteyerd, Tunbethugge et Walfebery, qui continentur sub uno co-operto vaftantur de novo per eundem Abbatem." 2 For a popular map, Ihowing the foreft. boundaries at various periods, conf. Nicholl's Foreft of Dean, P- 15- Jlaxleg ^ftheg. 23 very important charadler. This right muft have enabled the monks of Flaxley to maintain at little coft to themfelves large herds of cattle, and vail droves of Iheep and fwine. The mall of the oak, beech, and chefnut trees, technically known as "pannage,"' furnifhed at certain feafons of the year a practically inexhauHible flock of provender for their fwine, while the luxuriant herbage and abiindance of water afforded excellent paflurage for the cattle and fheep. The monks of Flaxley, it would feem, were not always allowed to exercife their extenfive rights unchallenged ; and the records in fact clearly Ihow that thefe rights and privileges were not regarded with much favour by the royal keepers and the authorities at St. Briavell's Caftle, with whom the Flaxley monks appear to have been in conHant collifion. In the loth year^ of Henry III, mention is made of a royal mandate addreffed to Hugh de Kinardefle, Conflable of St. Briavell's Caflle, ordering him to allow the abbot and convent of Flaxley to have the fame rights of common of paflure in the Forell of Dean as they ufed to enjoy in the reign of King John in virtue of the charter of Henry II. A fimilar order was repeated in the 15th* year of the fame reign ; and again in the i6th* and i8th® years. ' In the 19th'* year of Henry III, appears a notice of fome of the abbot's cattle being diftrained for trefpafs in " fence month," and of replevin being granted, whereby the cattle were reftored to the abbot pending the refult of formal proceedings in the Forell Court. " Fence month," it may be flated, was the fawning feafon, commencing fifteen days before and ending fifteen days after Midfummer. During this month the ftridleft regulations were enforced to prevent the deer from being difturbed. In the i6th^ year of Hen. Ill it is related that the abbot and monks ^ Pannage (pafnagium or pannagium) is " the mast of fuch trees only which bear fruit to feed hogs, or elfe the money made of fuch mafl." — " Manwood's Forefl Laws." In Domefday Survey the term pannage had a double meaning, firft, the running and feeding of hogs in the woods, and in a fecondary fenfe the price or rate of their running. In one or two entries it is termed Paftfo. Differt. on Domefday, App. M., Second Gen. Report from Commrs. on Pubhc Records. 2 Rot. Claus., 10 Hen III, m. 29. 3 Rot. Claus., 15 Hen. Ill, m. 14. *Rot. Claus., 16 Hen. Ill, m. 5. 5 Rot. Claus., 18 Hen. Ill, m. 15. "Rot. Claus., 19 Hen. Ill, m. 8. 7 Rot. Claus., 16 Hen. Ill, m. $. The Close Rolls of the reign of Henry III contain numerous references to Flaxley Abbey. For the firfl eleven years of this reign thefe rolls have been printed in extenfo by the Record Commiffion. For the remaining years of this reign a full and excellent calendar has been prepared which greatly facilitates enquiry. 24 iFlaxleg ^irbeg. of Fiaxley were pardoned £io 6s., which they were fined in the Eyre of the Juftices for the efcape of their cattle in the foreft. Grants of Wood and Timber. The grant of wood and timber from the royal foreft " for the repair of the abbot's houfes and buildings, and for other neceffaries," was another right of a very important character. The very vague and general terms in which this grant was expreffed muft have made it fufceptible of great abufe ; and it is not furprifmg to find that the monks were unable to affert their rights without frequent appeals to the King. In the fecond year of King Henry III,' orders were addreffed to John of Monmouth, Conftable of St. Briavell's, enjoining him to allow the abbot and monks of Fiaxley to have timber for their ufe (mairemium ad eftoveria fua) from the foreft, according to the charters of his royal predeceflbrs. In the fixth^ year of Henry III, the Conftable of Briftol was commanded by the King to allow the abbot and monks of Fiaxley to have reafonable " estover " ^ (rationabile eftoverium) in their wood of Ermegrave and Rugge- more as they had been accuftomed to have in the time of King John. In the feventh* year of Henry III, orders were addreffed to John of Monmouth, bidding him to allow the abbot of Fiaxley, subjedt to the view and teftimony of the forefters and verderers (foreftariorum et viridariorum) to have a reafonable allowance of wafte wood and windfall (cableicio®), in the foreft for the repair of his houfes, as he had been accuftomed to have in the reign of King John. In the thirteenth^ year of Henry III the abbot of Fiaxley is fpecially iRot. Claus., 2 Hen. Ill, m. 15 (p. 343, printed ferie?). 2Rot. Claus., 6 Hen. Ill, m. 5 (p. 507, printed feries). ^For explanation of the term "Ellovers" in foreft law, fee Manwood's treatife, p. 132 — 134. Brafton defines Eftovers in a foreft to fignify generally a fupply of neceffary timber and firewood. In fome manors tenants have common of eftovers, t'.e., neceffary botes or allowances out of the lord's wood, in which fense the term eftover comprehends houfe-bote, hay-bote and plow-bote, fo that if a man have in his grant thefe general words de rationabili eftoverio in bofcis, he may thereby claim all three. *Rot. Claus., 7 Hen. Ill, m. 19 (p. 533, printed feries). ^The term " Cableicium " or "Cablicia " is defined by Maigne D'Arnis as follows : " Rami arborum vi ventorum aut tempeftate vel alio cafu diljecti." In modern times amongft the perquifites belonging to the foreft woodwardftiips are, " the lop and top of all felled timber and all windfall and dotard trees " (ficca et vento proftrata). , 6 Rot. Claus., 13 Hen. Ill, m. 8. Jlaxlrg ^btiejr. 25 allowed two oaks in the hayes of the foreft of Dean for the roof of an aifle in Flaxley Church. In the fourteenth^ year of the fame reign orders were again iffued that the abbot of Flaxley Ihould have timber, etc., in the foreft of Dean, as he had been accuftomed to have. In the following year* the abbot of Flaxley was granted ten oaks in St. Briavell's foreft to repair the houfes and church of the abbey. This grant the abbot feems to have found it difficult to enforce, for in the fame year^ appears a fecond order awarding to the abbot six oaks, the refidue of the ten granted to the abbot for the repair of his church, and of which he could only get four. This order was again repeated in the following year.* In the feventeenth ^ year of Henry III four additional oaks were granted to the abbot for the repair of his houfes ; and in the following year* the conftable of St. Briavell's was again commanded not to hinder the abbot from having timber for his houfes according to the charter of Henry II. Special Grants for Firewood. Befides the grant of timber, windfall, etc., from the foreft of Dean, fpecial grants appear to have been made to the abbey for firewood. In the Appendix to thefe notes, No. i, will be found an interefting original charter of Richard I, granting to the abbey and monks, f)f Flaxley the woods around the abbey (circa abbatiam) for firewood. The fpecial intereft of this charter arifes from the fa6l that the antient boundaries' of thefe woods are clearly fpecified, and can even now be fairly identified. iRot. Claus., 14 Hen. Ill, m. 6. 2 Rot. Claus., 15 Hen. Ill, m. 14. *Rot. Claus., IS Hen. Ill, m. 2. *Rot. Claus., 16 Hen. Ill, m. 5. 5 Rot. Claus., 17 Hen. Ill, m. 2. «Rot. Claus., 18 Hen. Ill, m, 15. '' A confiderable part of the boundary here noted as the boundary of the Flaxley wood reappears in a perambulation of the Foreft of Dean, made in the reign of Charles II, May 29, 1667. The following extradl is here fubjoined on account of the references to Flaxley and the local names contained. After defcribing the foreft boundary, as far as " Newnham's Pill," the record thus continues : — " And thence up that ftream unto the highway leading from Newnham to Dean, afcending that highway unto Dean's hill, and thence leaving the bounds of the manor of Rodley on the right hand and the hundred of St. Briavell's on the left hand unto the pool of Flaxley's forge, and thence to Blefdon alias Blaifdon's hedge and thence to Poulton's Hill amd thence leaving the hundred of 26 jFlaxle^l ^fefteg. The boundaries in queftion are thus defcribed : — " SciUcet in longum rivuli juxta campum monachorum predidli loci afcendendo ufque Fulhiate, et a Fulhiate ufque ad magnum cheminum quod tendit de Abenhall ufque ad Parvam Denam ; et de predicto chemino a latere montis qui vocatur Walfe- byrie ufque ad viam equorum quae tendit ufque ad Abenhall, et de parvo ficheto decurrente in longum predictse viae ufque ad bofcum Johannis de Monemue de Hope afcendendo et de predicto bofco per divifam inter bofcum predicti Johannis et bofcum de Tunbrug (Tymbrugg) et Caftiard ^ ufque ad rivulum de Hope et de predicto rivulo circuendo ufque ad campum de Bofeley, et in longum predicti carapi ufque ad grangiam predictorum mona- chorum," which may be thus rendered : Weftbury on the right hand unto Brimflon's Yatt and thence including the lands of the of Walmore to the highway leading towards Framulard and thence to the .... leaving the faid hard round about it and fo to a place called White a certain place leading under the park of the Ley and from that way unto a grove called Birchingrove and from that grove unto Rareham and from thence to a place where anciently was a mill called Seymour's Mill and from that place to the brook of Blefden alias Blaifdon afcending that brook unto Gavell's Gate (alias Gawlett's Yatt) and fo afcending that brook unto a little flream called Tinbridge Sych and fo flretching up by the faid flream between the woods late of the abbot of Flaxley and the woods called Hope's woods unto Hope's fhard {sie) and thence to a path called Jufly path and croffing that path keeping ftraight forward unto the water that leadeth from Michael Dean to Hope," etc. The brook, referred to as Hope's brook in the charter of Richard I, paffes by the hamlet of Gawlett (alfo written Gallyat, and clearly the feme as Gavell's Gate or Gawlett's Yatt in the perambulation above quoted) and runs through Blaifdon, in which parifli it is known as " Blaifdon brook." With the name Tunbrug in Richard I's charter, compare Tinbridge in the perambulation quoted. 1 The name " Caftiard," otherwife written Cafleyerd, as in Placita Foreftae de Dene of lo Edward I or Cafthard, no longer furvives. It has been fuggested to me that the name is not improbably derived from Caftanea, the Latin name of the Spanifti Chefnut. This derivation is to fome extent fupported by the fact that the Spanirti cheftnut was, at the time when Flaxley Abbey was founded, one of the moft im- portant timber trees in the foreft. The Placita Foreftae de Dene of lo Edward I, contain feveral references to chefnut woods (bofci Caftanearum), and it has been already noticed that tithes of chefnuts (decimse Caftanearum) throughout the foreft were amongft the royal grants and privileges conferred on the Flaxley monks in the foundation charter. The Rev. C. A. Johns in his interefting work on the ' Foreft Trees of Britain,' has drawn from this grant the inference that in the reign of Stephen and Henry II, chefnut limber was comparatively rare and valuable, otherwife the remaining timber, tithe excepted, would not have been referved by the King. Under the circumftances noticed, it feems not improbable that the name ' Caftiard ' was derived from the predominant timber tree of the neighbourhood, and that the valley of Caftiard means "the Chefnut Valley." A well-known forest enclofure, now almoft entirely devoted to the rearing of oak timber, and fituated within a mile of Flaxley, between Flaxley and Littledean, is ftill known as " the Chefnuts." The celebrated old chefnut tree at Tortworth in Glouceftershire is mentioned in Evelyn's Sylva as being fo remarkable for its magnitude as to have been called even in King Stephen's time " the great Chefnut of Tortworth," and Loudon suggefts in his Arboretum (London, 1838) that this famous tree may poffibly have been one of thofe planted by the Romans. jFlaxleg ^iiieg. 27 " To wit along the watercourfe by the field of the monks of the aforefaid place, afcending as far as Fulhiate, and from Fulhiate to the great road which leads from Abenhall to Littledean, and from the aforefaid road from the fide of the hill, which is called Walfebyrie to the horfe road which leads to Abenhall, and from the fmall ditch which runs down alongfide the aforefaid road as far as John of Monmouth's wood, going up from Hope, and from the aforefaid wood by a divifion between the wood of the afore- faid John and the wood of Tunbrug and Caftiard to the brook of Hope, and from the aforefaid brook winding round to the field of Bofeley, and along the f aforefaid field as far as the homeftead of the aforefaid monks." By any one familiar with the locality this defcription of the boundaries can readily be identified. The name "Fulhiate" or "Fowlyatt"' still exifl;s in connefbion with a barn known as " Fowliatt barn," fituated on Pudding hill, at a point where the Flaxley woods adjoin the forefl; enclofure, known by the name of " the Chefnuts " ; and the water courfe leading to ' Fulhiate ' is flill the boundary between the Flaxiey efliate and the adjoining piece of forefl; land, locally known as Hangman's hill. The fame wood is fl;ill bounded as at the date of the grant in Richard I's time, by the high road from Abenhall to Littledean, a very antient track, which prefents even now all the character- iftic features of a Roman road ; and the name of the " hill called Walfe- byrie " fliill survives in the term " Welchbury," which is the name now given to the whole wood. From the hill called " Walfebyrie," the woods granted to the Flaxley monks appear originally to have run parallel to the main road to Abenhall, by the rocky hill known as Shapridge, going from thence to John of Monmouth's wood in the parifh of Hope. To the prefent day the divifion between Hope's wood and the adjoining Flaxley wood is a mere artificial line ; and Hope's brook still forms the Flaxley boundary from the parifh of Hope, as far as Blaifdon. The boundary of the Flaxley woods in the direction of Blaifdon is now known by the characteriftic name of " Monkhill,"' but at the time of the grant it would feem that the whole of the land beyond the Flaxley woods was included 1 With the name ' Fulhiate,' otherwife fpelt ' Fowliatt ' or ' Fowl yatt,' compare Gawlett, alfo written ' Gawl yatt' The termination ' yatt ' or 'gate ' is Angularly appropriate, to the two points on the parifh boundary now known as FowUatt and Gawlett. At both of thefe points a narrow defile divides the Flaxley woods, on the one fide fi^om the Forefl. enclofure known as the Chefnuts, on the other from the Blaifdon woods. With the names quoted, compare the well-known Symond's Yat in the parilh of Englifh Bicknor in the Forefl: of Dean. * Monkhill is now the name of a farm fituated on the border of the parifli of Blaifdon, the property of Sir Thos. H. Crawley-Boevey, Bart. 2& jFlaxIeg ^ftbcg. within the limits of " Bofeley," an important hamlet, frequently mentioned in the early records, and belonging to the hundred of Weftbury. Befides the charters of Richard I above referred to, other allufions to the fame fubject are found in the Clofe Rcrlls. In the ninth year ' of Henry III there is on record a royal letter addreffed to Hugh de Nevill, ftating that the abbot and monks of Flaxley had petitioned the king to affign them fome fpot (placia) in the foreft near the abbey to take firewood therefrom (ad capiendum bufchum ad focum fuum). Hugh de Nevill was commanded to take forae good and lawful men of thofe parts, and meafure off a fuitable fpot. In the fame year° an order was addreffed to the conftable of St. Briavell's bidding him to allow the abbot and monks to occupy peaceably the fpot fo marked off. In the following year^ appears an order addreffed to the sheriff of Glou- cefter bidding him to prevent the abbot and monks from being molefted in refpect of the wood around the abbey granted by his lord the king. In the following year" another order on the fame fubject is addreffed to Hugh de Nevill, , and he is enjoined to give the abbot and monks full poffeflion of the woods around the abbey without any delay. From thefe reiterated orders it may perhaps be inferred that the abbot and monks did not always find it eafy to enforce the rights which they acquired by the favour of the fovereign. Tithes of Chesnuts. The grant to Flaxley Abbey of tithes of chefnuts from the foreft of Dean points to a time when the timber of the Spanifli chefnut was in England comparatively rare and valuable. It has been already noticed at p. 26, above, in the note regarding the probable meaning of the name Caftiard, that the Spanifh chefnut appears to have been, at one time extenfively planted in the foreft as a timber tree. The Placita de Forefta of 10 Edward I, contains feveral references to chefnut woods (bofci cafta- nearum) ; and the refervation by the Crown of all the chefnut timber, fubjedl to the tithe of chefnuts granted to Flaxley Abbey, fuggefts that the timber was at the time of the grant confidered to be of exceptional value. Bigland has noticed that the tithes of chefnuts formerly produced a confiderable income. He has iRot. Claus., 9 Hen. Ill, m. 8. 3 Rot. Claus., 10 Hen. Ill, m. 11. 2 Rot. Claus., 9 Hen. Ill, m. 11. *Rot. Claus., 11 Hen. Ill, m. 18. Jlailcg ati6eg, 29 alfo alluded to the conftant ufe of chefnut in conftructing the roofs of antient buildings ; and the fruit being much ufed by the lower rank of people as food was, he ftates, confidered to be of greater value than acorns, and con- fequently fubject to tithe. The Rev. C. A. Johns, in his work on the ' Foreft Trees of Britain,' has ably fumraed up the arguments for and againft the theory that the Spanifli chefnut tree is indigenous to this country ; and has arrived at the conclufion that it is not indigenous, but was probably intro- duced by the Romans. He alfo fhows fome grounds for doubting whether the timber in ancient buildings, fuppofed to be chefnut, was really chefnut at all. Grant of an Iron Forge. The grant to the abbey of an iron forge, with the neceffary fupply of timber from the foreft for its fupport, was perhaps, in view of the confequences it entailed, the moft important grant made to the Flaxley monks, and the repeated orders addreffed by the fovereign to the foreft authorities on the fubject clearly fliow that there was no right claimed by the monks which excited fo much oppofition on the part of the royal keepers, and which the monks on their part were more tenacious of enforcing. The charter of Prince Henry Ihows that the monks of Flaxley were granted first of all " a certain iron work at Edland " (quandam fabricam ferrariam apud Edlandam). In the charter of King Henry H this grant appears in a fignificantly altered fliape as " one iron forge, free and quit, and with as free liberty to work as any of my forges in demefne." The words ufed in the later charter, inftead of limiting the monks to one fpecified work " at Edland," placed it in their power to fet up a forge anywhere in the foreft, and this, no doubt, was the foundation of the claim fubfequently afferted by the abbey to have a "moveable forge" (forgia errans or itinerans). It is noted by Nicholls' that thefe moveable forges formed a regular fource of income to the Crown ; and that at a juftice feat held at Gloucefter Caftle, 1282, it was found that there were upwards of feventy-two moveable forges (forgise itinerantes) then in exiftence ; and that the fum which the Crown charged for licenfing them was at the rate of feven fhillings a year. In the fourth year of Henry IIP orders were addreffed to John of Jlon- mouth enjoining him to allow the abbot and monks of Flaxley to v/ork iNichoU's Forest of Dean, p. 12. 2 Rot. Claus., 4 Hen. Ill m. 4 (p. 430, printed series.) 30 jFlaxIes ^ftbE2' their forge in the Foreft of Dean according to the charter of King Richard, as they had been accuftomed to work it in the time of King John at the commencement of the war between the king and the barons ; and that the monks of Flaxley were not to be obftrudled becaufe the king had ordered all forges, except the royal forges, to be flopped. (Conf. Nicholls' Foreft of Dean, p. 1 1 .) A fimilar order was repeated to John of Monmouth in the feventh year ' of the fame king. In the following year ' we find two fimilar orders addreffed, the one, to Walter Afmoins, conftable of St. Bria veil's, under Ralph fon of Nicholas ; the other, to Roger de CliflFord. For mention of thefe officers fee Royal letters of Henry III, vol. i, pp. 511 and 515. Roger Cliflford is alluded to in thefe letters as having charge (ballia) of the Foreft of Dean. In the 13th year 3 of Henry III the abbot's travelling forge in the hayes of the Foreft was again the fubject of an order addreffed to the Foreft authorities. A fimilar order was repeated to Roger de Clifford in the following year, ■• and again in the year ' after. In the 1 8th year^ of Henry III, the conftable of St. Briavell's was twice commanded not to hinder the abbot from having his travelling forge,^ etc., according to the charter of Henry II. In the 26th year' of Henry III, the abbot was granted permiffion to have his travelling forge in the foreft of St. Briavell's, till the king should make an exchange for it ; and John, son of Geoffrey, was commanded to provide an exchange for the abbot's forge. In the 30th year^ of Henry III, this permiffion was repeated, and again in the 34th year.' In the 37th year" of the fame reign it is noticed that the abbot was formally granted feizin of his forge in the foreft as he had it in the time when Geoffrey de Dangel was juftice of the foreft. In the 39th year" of the fame reign, two dry oaks in the Foreft of Dean were granted to the abbot weekly for the fupport of his forge there, till an agreement with the king concerning the fame should be iRot. Claus., 7 Hen. Ill, m. 23 (p. 526, printed feries). *Rot. Claus., 8 Hen. Ill, m. 11 and 13 (pp. 583 and 587, printed feries). ^Rot Clau.s., 13 Hen. Ill, m. 2. *Rot. Claus., 14 Hen. Ill, m. 22. 5 Rot. Claus., 15 Hen. Ill, m. 2. ®Rot. Claus., 18 Hen. Ill, m. 15 and 19. ^ Rot. Claus., 26 Hen. Ill, m. 13. 8 Rot. Claus., 30 Hen. Ill, m. 11. »Rot Claus., 34 Hen. Ill, m. 15. "Rot. Claus., 37 Hen. Ill, m. 23. "Rot. Claus., 39 Hen. Ill, m. 14. made. This important order was twice repeated in the following year ' to Robert Waleran, cuftos, and James Frefel, conftable of St. Briavell's ; and finally in the 42nd year^ of Henry III, an arrangement was effe6ted with the abbot and monks of Flaxley, whereby in lieu of their itinerant forge and two oaks a week for its fuppoft, they received from the king a large tra<5l of the foreft which has ever fince been known by the name of the "Abbot's woods." 3 Charter relating to the Grant of the " Abbot's Woods." A tranfcript of the original Latin grant will be found in the Appendix No. II. and the following official tranflation is here appended from the record of : "A Pl'e of the Forreft of Deane att Gloucefter in eight days after St. Hilliarye in the xth year of th& reigne of King Edward the Firft Anno Dom. 1281 before Lucarney of Thomey, Addun Gardun, Richard of Crepinge and Peter of Lench, juflices affigned to hear and determine the fame Plea."* " The XXXI Rowle. " A charter of King Henry the 3rd fone of King John of the exchanging of the forge of the abbot of Flaxley in the Forreft of Deane. "Henry by the grace of God Kinge of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandye, Aquitane and Earl of Angeyawe, To all Archbifhops Bifhops Abbots Priors Earles Barrons Juftices Sherriflfs BayhefFes officers and to all others his faithful BayUflFes greeting. " Know ye that whereas our well beloved in Chrift the abbot and monks of Flaxley of the order of Sifefter {sic) were accuftomed to receive 2 oaks in our Fforeft of Deane every feven days for the mayntenance of their forge in the fame flforeft by the fufferance of our Sovereign Lord Henry our grand- iRot Claus., 40 Hen. Ill, m. 12 and 19. For another reference to James Frefel, fee page 51, note 4. 2 Rot. Cart., 42 Hen. HI, pars unica, m. 2. A duplicate of this grant appears amonga the Cartae Antiquae, QQ., No. 21. sThe "Abbot's woods" are fituated between Littledean, Sudeley and Cinderford. They were fold by the late Sir Thomas Crawley-Boevey, Bart., in 1830, and are now the property of E. Crawfliay, Efq., whofe father, the late W. Crawfhay, Efq., of Oaklands, near Newnham, purchafed from the Crown all the referved rights. See Act of Parliament on the fubject. *The tranflation above given is taken from a copy found amongfl the private papers at Flaxley Abbey. 32 JFlaxlcg '^htt^, father, and by our confirmation in perpetuall almes, and this to the great hurt of the faid fforeft and to our hindrance, we being advertized of the fame hurt and hindrance at the requeft of the faid abbot and monks we have fent of our Councell our beloved and faythfuU Henry of Bathon and Robert of Waldrand to enquire of that behalfe as well by the oaths of knights as by other ffree and lawful men by whom the truth of the matter may be better knowne in what part or place we may affign part of the flForefaid fforeft more commodioufely to the fame abbot and monks a certayne part of wood in recompenfe of the fForefaid 2 oaks to the lefs hurt of the fame fforeft and to our lefs damage. And for that we are geaven to underftand by the inquifition made by the fforefaid Henry and Robert that it is to our profit and to the fafeguard of the fforefaid fforeft to afligne to the faid abbot and monks in recompenfe of the aforefaid two oaks a certaine parte of wood in the faid fforeft in forme under written within the bounds and divifions videlicet from Ardlond' unto the ford of Sinderford (vadum de Sinderford) on the left hand from that ford into the ford of Suthleg'' and from thence by the valley of a river which is called Smallbrooke unto the road which is called Rough- way 3 (cheminum qui vocatur Rugeweye), and by the aforefaid road in length unto the land of John of Rodley on the left part, and from that land unto the aforefaid Ardland fo far as the covering of the faid wood doth ftretch itfelf. We of our Councell have affigned and granted to the faid abbot and monks in recompenfe of the aforefaid 2 oaks the aforefaid part of wood within the bounds and divifions before written, to have and to hold to the fame abbot and monks and to their fucceffors and to their church of Flaxley in perpetuall almes, quit from wafte and regard and from view of the forefters and verderers and from all things which do belong to the forefters and verderers and to their officers (except our hunting) faving to us and to our heirs the herbage of the faid wood and the Ayreyes of great hawkes ffalcons and fparrow hawkes,"* and mynerall works if they iWith the name Ardlond compare "Edland," where the monks were affigned an iron forge in the charter of Hen. II. See alfo Inquifition of 15 Ed. I., No. 67, post. 2 Suthleg the modem Sudeley. ' The road called Ruggerweye (Rugweye, Rugwey, Ruggewey) is in " the village of Brockworth. Several allufions to this road will be found in the Glouc. Cart. Ste Index, vol. iii., p. 403. *This refervation to the Crown of the Eyries of hawks points, of courfe, to the time when hawking was a royal pallime. An aery (eyrie), says Dr. Nash, includes, not only the nest or brood, but the place destined for the breeding or training of hawks. (Collect, for Wore, vol. i. p. 151). The liberty of keeping thefe aeries, he adds, was in early times granted as a privilege be found there — fo that the feid Abbot and Monkes may have the attachments' of the faid wood, and when it fhall feem expedient to them yt fliall be lawful! for them to enclofe the tenth parte of the faid wood with a: hedge which may be defenfable againft all manner of cattle befides againft our, wild beafts and that hedge fhall ftand for four years. The tenth part of the faid wood fhall be enclofed in divers places fo that nine parts of the fame wood may always be without the enclofures. Whereof we will, etc., as above. Witneffes Nicholas of Molis, Elya de Rabbayne, Peter of Rivall, Robert Walerande, William de Grey, Nicholas de Turri Imbervo (?), Walter of Merton, Matthew of Mara, Ralph de Bakep', Wilham Gerun, Robert of Stephanum (de Stephanum), and others.^ This important grant is entered in the Charter Rolls, and is quoted in the Calendar prepared by the Record Comraiffioners, p. 87, as Cart. 42 Hen. Ill, Pars unica membrane 2, under the following heading :- — Abbas de Flexlegh Ciflerc. ordinis Dene foreft ; qusedam pars bofci ibidem per metas : Glouc. A duplicate of this charter is alfo preferved amongfl the Cartse Antiqute at the Public Record Office. In Sir Jofeph Ayloffe's Calendar this charter is entered as Q.Q., No. 21 Hen. III. The reference already quoted to the Juftice Seat held at Gloucefler 10 Edw. I (1281), fliows that the title of the monks was challenged very foon after the grant was made. On the dilTolution the Abbot's woods were granted with other pofTeflions of the Abbey to Sir William Kingfton ; and in 1657, when the Flaxley eftate had paffed into the pofTeffion of William' " Boeve," a formal exemplification of this grant was made by Oliver, Lord Protedlor. This exemplification, with the Prote6tor's feal attached, is preferved at- Flaxley Abbey. 1 The Court of Attachments was one of the three Courts of the forefl held for the foreflers to bring in their attachments concerning any hurt or injury done in viridi aut venatione in the Forefl. By Art. 8 of Charta de Forefla, this Court was to be held every forty days. Manwood, pp. 23-31. 2 The names of the witneffes here given are taken from the copy of the grant enrolled in the Charter Rolls. In the tranflation from which this tranfcript has been taken many names are omitted. 3 Flaxley Abbey and eflates were in 1647 fold by William Kingflon, a defcendant of the original grantee, to two brothers named William and James " Boeve," whose father Andrew, a native of Coutrai (Kortrik) in Flanders, was brought to England circ. 1670 to efcape from the perfecution of Olivares Duke of Alva. Andrew Boeve had a large family, and many references to domeftic events relating to the Boeves are recorded in the regillers of the Dutch Church at Auflin Friars. The laft member of the original Boeve family who refided at Flaxley Abbey was William Bovey (Boeve) who d. there 26 Aug., 1692. His widow the well known Mrs. Catherine Bovey, " the perverfe widow " of Sir Roger de Goverley, remained at Flaxley Abbey till her death on 21 Jan., 1726. Flaxley Abbey and ellates then paffed by will of Will. Bovey into the poffeffion of Thomas Crawley, of Gloucefter, a diflant kinfman by marriage, from whom the prefent Baronet is diredlly defcended. , , - F ' . / ■■ ■ ' - ■ 34 JlaxUg ^bbes* Stationary Forge at Flaxley. Befides the itinerant forge fo frequently before alluded to, the abbot alfo poffeffed a ftationary forge. This flatement is made by Foibrooke (Hift. of Glouc, vol. i, p. 83), who quotes as his authority Rot. Claus. 14 Hen. III. The ftationary forge referred to appears to have been fituated in the village of Flaxley, clofe by the Abbey, where confiderable works were eredled. Thefe works muft have formed at one time a very confpicuous feature in the village. Sir Robert Atkyns,' in his notice of Flaxley (171 2), mentions the iron forges then in full work, and the Rev. Thomas Rudge,^ in his notice of Fkxley (1802), fpeaks of the manufadlure of iron being ftill carried on, the iron being efteemed peculiarly good. " Its goodnefs does not arife from any extraordinary qualities in the ore, but from the pra6lice of working the furnace and forges with charcoal wood, without any mixture of pit-coal. The quantity of charcoal required is fo confiderable, that the furnace cannot be kept in ' blow, ' or working, more than nine months fucceffively. At this time, Oct. 28th, 1802, a ceffation has taken place for nearly a year. Lancafliire^ ore, which is brought to Newnham by fea, furnifhes the principal fupply, the mine found in the foreft being either too fcanty to anfwer the expenfe of raifing it, or when raifed too difficult of fufion and confequently too confumptive of fuel to allow the common ufe of it. A ton of Lancalhire ore in the furnace requires fifteen or fixteen facks of charcoal. When the furnace is at work, about twenty tons a week are reduced to pig iron, and in this ftate it is carried to the forges, where about eight tons a week are hammered out into bars, ploughftiares, etc., ready for the fmith." The wheels which worked the bellows and hammers were turned by a powerful ftream of water which rifes at St. Anthony's We^I.* The Rev. H. 1 Sir Robert Atkyns writing of Mrs. Catherine Bovey, owner of Flaxley Abbey from 1692 to 1726, fays " She hath an handfome houfe and pleafant gardens and a great eftate, a furnace for cafling iron, and three forges." ^ Rudge's Hiflory of Glouceflerfhire, vol. ii. p. 96. s In connection with the ufe of Lancafliire ore and the whole fubjedl of iron works in the F oreft, fee paper entitled " Obfervations on Iron Cinders," by George Wyrall, Efq. of Bicknor Court, publiflied at p. 216-234 of the Trans. Brifl. and Glouc. Arch. Soc, vol. ii. * The name of St. Anthony's well is doubtlefs a relic of the monaftic period. The fpring which rifes at this well feeds the ftream which defcends the Flaxley valley ; and on this ftream the proprietors of the Abbey were entirely dependent for the water power required to drive their machinery. This ftreaiH was formerly celebrated for the excellent quality of the trout which it produced, which grew to a confiderable jFlaxlcg ^6tie2. 35 G. NichoUs, after quoting Rudge's defcription of the Flaxley iron works, ftates that the aged people of the neighbourhood^ well remember when the Flaxley furnaces were in blaft, and tell of the ancient cinders and pickings of the old mine holes being taken down to them. The iron works at Flaxley have long (ince been difcontinued, and with the removal of the furnace buildings, and of the pools in which the water accumulated for driving the machinery, the whole appearance of the Flaxley valley has been changed, and changed it need fcarcely be added for the better. The memory of the Flaxley iron forge ftill, however, lingers in one or two of the local names, fuch as "Furnace Yard" and "Mill Field," but other vvife there would be little to recall the time when the Flaxley furnaces were in blaft. Grants of Fisheries to the Flaxley Monks. Both of the charters under notice make prominent mention of the grant to the Flaxley monks of a certain fifhery at Reidley called " Newere." Fofbroke^ quoting from the Harleian MS.-, 60 and 79, ftates that Roger fon of Milo Earl of Hereford granted to Roger fon of Manaffes de Minfterworth to hold two half virgates, and the fiftieries " of Dunye and Newere." Reidley is probably the fame as the modern Rodley in the parifh of Weftbury, and muft not be confounded with " Ruddle," another manor fituated in Newnham, which formerly belonged to the Abbey of Gloucefter. In the 54th year of Henry HI* a notice occurs in the Patent Rolls of another Severn fifhery being granted to the Abbey of Flaxley known as fize in the various pools where the water was allowed to accumulate. Of late years however the filh have been entirely deflroyed by the ufe of noxious chemicals at the paper manufactory fituated in Guns mills at the head of the ftream. This manufacfture has now been difcontinued fmce about 1879. The water rifmg from the fpring at St. Anthony's well has a great local reputation for its efficacy in curing cutaneous difeafes. The abundance of iron in the foil fufficiently accounts for a reputation which is well founded. As a " wifhing well " the fame fpring is in great requefl. amongft the humbler claffes ; but its reputation in this refpedt feems to reft on a fomewhat hazy footing. For a fketch of the well and of the beech tree formerly overfliading it, fee NichoU's Foreft of Dean, p. 182. In conneflion with the Saint in whofe honour the well is named, Bollandus gives an account of many miracles wrought by St. Anthony's inter- ceffion, particularly in what manner the diftemper called the ' Sacred fire', fmce that time ' St. Anthony's fire,' miraculoufly ceafed through the mediation of that Saint, when it raged violently in many parts of Europe in the eleventh century (Alban Butler). 1 NichoU's Foreft of Dean, p. 190. 2Fofbroke's Hiftory of Gloucefter, vol. ii, p. 172, 180 and 201. Rudge's Hiftory of Gloucefter, vol. ii, p. 388 note. 3 Rot. Pat, 54 Hen. Ill, m. 9. 36 iFlaxleg ^ftfieg. Hynewere or Hinewere, This grant was confirmed 30 Edw. IIP on payment to the king of an annual acknowledgement of 12 pence. In the Flaxley cartulary it is noticed that William de Parco granted to the Flaxley monks all his fliare of the fifliery of Bollewere,^ And in the confirmation charter of 11 Henry IIP Hugh Chearke (Charke) is noticed as having granted to the monks fix " Puches" in the Severn oppofite Hane- combe ; and Matilda Giffard all her land under the fifhery of Befpwike. Befides the, Severn fiflieries above referred to the monks of Flaxley doubt- lefs made abundant ufe of the trout for which the Flaxley ftream rifing at St. Anthony's Well is faid to have been long famous. This ftream was' formerly dammed up at feveral points in the valley, and extenfive pools or refervoirs were thus formed, fome of which were in exiftence down to a very recent period. In thefe ponds the fifh could grow to a confiderable fize, and were doubtlefs largely ufed by the monks as a home preferve. It is noticed in the cartulary that Roger de Bofco* remitted to the monks all his claims regarding the refervoirs, ditches, and filh ponds (de ftagnis foffatis et vivariis), and agreed to remove his dam from the monks' bridge and put it where it would do no harm. Galfrid de Dene* is noticed as having compro- mifed with the monks a difpute relating to the mill dam of Roger de Bofco. In the grant to Sir William Kingfton of the Flaxley Abbey eftates after the fuppreffion in 1536 fpecial allufion is made to the " liberas warrenas, aquas, ftagna, vivaria, pifcarias, etc.," amongft the other poffeffions of the Flaxley monks. Miscellaneous Grants in Charter of Henry II. The remaining grants to Flaxley Abbey in the charter of Henry II call only for brief remark. The farm called Waftedene (Waftedene grangia) ftill has to be identified. The grant of land under "the Old Caftle of Dene" is again referred to, according to Folbroke, in the Charter Rolls® of 7 Edward II. The Rev. H. G. Nicholls has exprefled the opinion that the "Old Caftle of Dene " may be identical with a circular ditch and bank about 50 yards in diameter on Camp Hill between Flaxley and Little Dean. The grounds upon which this opinion was exprefled are not ftated ; and the fuggeftion feems to be little more than a conjedture unfupported by evidence. No. 12 of the 1 Rot. Pat., 30 Edw. Ill, Tertia pars, m. 19. * See Cart. No. 44. 2 See Cartulary No. 38, 39, post. ' gee Cart. No. 18. 3 Rot. Cart, 11 Hen. Ill, pars sec. m. 8. « Rot_ c^rt. 7 Edw. II, pars unica m. 31. JHaxleg ^66es- 37 Flaxley cartulary is the grant to the monks by Hugh le Petit of all his land in Neweham held by Seftan Knif, near the ditch " of the Old Caftle." The "Old Caftle" referred to in this grant may poffibly be the fame as that referred to in the charter of Henry H. The grant of a meadow in Reidley, called " Pulmede," is referred to in No. i7^of the Flaxley Cartulary' which gives alfo the name of the donor, viz: Galfrid, fon of William de Dene. This meadow can, it is beheved, even now be identified. A large meadow of that name the property of Maynard Wemyfs-Colchefter, Efq., fituated between the Church . and the bend of the river Severn, near Garden CHfF, is ftill pointed out in the parifh of Weftbury ; and the name Pulmede — the meadow on the Pill —being comparatively uncommon, it feems not improbable that this was the fame meadow that was originally granted to the Flaxley monks. The land at Walmore is again referred to in the Clofe Rolls^ of 13 Henry III when the abbot and monks of Flaxley were granted by the king " two acres of meadow in Walemore for the increafe of their park there." Lands were alfo granted at Northwood, which as well as Walmore and Rodley, was fituated in the hundred of Weftbury. At Dimmoc', in the hundred of Botloe, the monks were granted by Henry H, (1) the whole of the royal demefne (totum dominicum meum de Dimmoc) ; (2) Half the royal wood (dimidium nemus meum'de Dimmoc) ; (3) Half the nets "which I have in my hands for the conveniences of my men " (dimidium retium in manu mea propter aifiamenta hominum meorum). The grant to the Flaxley monks of half the nets, employed prefumably for the capture of game in the Dimmoc woods, is an interefting fa6l, on which the information given in the note feems to throw fome light. 1 Flaxley Cartulary No. 12, post. 2 Rot. Claus. 13 Hen. III. m. 8. 3 A place at Dymock is, I am informed, flill called ' Hay traps.' Haise frequently alluded to in Domefday were enclofures for the capture of game. Spelman's Gloffary, edit. fol. Lond. 1687, p. 272 has the following : " Vallatum fuit et inclaufatum foffato haia et palatio. Hinc extenfius illud Rete quo e campis redeuntes cuniculos intercipiunt an Haye dicitur ; eofque fic intercipere et predari to Haye a Gall, haier i.e. fepire." To the exiftence of thefe Haise is attributed the frequent occurrence of the term ' Hay ' — fpelled in various ways, as a local name. The feat of Ruffell J. Kerr, Efq., near Newnham, formerly called Hay Hill is now known as The Haie. Hayes for the capture of game were no doubt of common occunence while the Norman foreft laws were in operation. Mention is made in th6fe notes of the Hayes of Rofs, Hereford, and the Forefl of Dean. See alfo " Deer and Deer Parks" by Evelyn Shirley, (1867) pp. 10, 12, 153, 199, for further information on the subject of Hayes. 38 iFlaxleg ^fefteg. The grant of a certain clearing (effartum quoddam) under Caftiard called Vincent's land is not referred to in the earlier charter of Prince Henry. The place in queftidn can no longer be identified. ■Prokction Charter of Richard I to Flaxley Abbey. Having now given fotne account of the various rights and privileges conferreid on Flaxley: Abbey by the foundation charter of Henry II, and having fhown how thofe rights iand privileges were conftantly challenged by the foreft; authorities, .and were the fubjedl of reiterated orders by the sovereign, it remains to iiotiee firft, a fpecial charter of prote6tion granted to the abbey by, Richard I, and fecondly, the, various confirrnation charters granted to the abbey from time to time by the sovereign of the day. The protedlion charter of Richard I is enrolled amongft the Cartas Antiquae, and is numbered X;5 in the, " Ga.lendar of Antient Charters" publilhed by Sir Jofeph Ayloffe in 1774. In the Appendix will be found a copy of this charter, numbered III. This copy has been taken from the MS. volume . at thp Public Record Office^ in which the Cartae Antique are tranfcribed. This charter declares that the Abbey of Dene and the Ciftereiah monks belonging • to it with all their lands, polTeflions, etc., we're .under the fpecial prote6liqrL. of, the king; and all the; , authorities were charged to prote(5l and defend the abbey as though it were the king's owhy fo that no violence, infult, injury or vexation be caufed or fuffered tO/the abbey and m'ohks. The charter further provided that fuits againft the abbey in refpe<5l of any land givep or fold to them of which they held the charter were only to be heard before the king himfelf or his chief iuftice. Confirmation Charters granted to Flaxley Abbey. From the defcription already given of the fpecial rights and privileges granted to Flaxley Abbey within foreft limits it will readily be underftood that the monks of Flaxley ftood in fpecial need of the royal protedtion and fupport; and accordingly it excites no furprife to find that the abbey feized every opportunity of procuring from each fovereign in turn a formal confirmation of all the rights and privileges conferred on them by Henry II and fubfequent kings. The followiiig is a, lift of all the confirmation charters which I have been. able, to find relating to this foundation. :fflaxles ^66^. 39 1. Charter of Prince Henry Duke of Normandy. 2. Charter of Henry H. 3. Charter of Richard I. 4. Charter of Henry HI. 5. Charter of Edward H. 6. Charter of Edward IK. 7. Charter of Richard II. 8. Charter of Henry VI. Of thefe the firft three are tranfcribed amongft the Cartas Antiquae, vide AyloflFe's Calendar. No. 4 is enrolled in the Charter Rolls, Rot. Cart. II Henry HI, pars prima m. 27. No. 5 is alfo on the Charter Rolls, Rot. Cart. 7 Ed. II, pars unica m. 31. No. 6 is in the Charter Rolls, Rot. Cart. 4 Edw. Ill, pars unica m. 23. No. 7 is on the Patent Rolls, Rot. Pat. tertia et ultima patent, 22 Ric. II, m. 16. No. 7 is alfo on the Patent Rolls. Rot, Pat. prima patent, 27 Hen. VI, m. 6. The original Rolls on which thefe charters are engrossed have been examined by me. The charters themfelves contain as a rule no new matter, and confift entirely of formal recitations of the charters, grants, &c., confirmed to the monks by previous fovereigns. An exception mull, however, be made of the confirmation charter granted by Richard I. This charter recites the previous charter of Henry II, and adds fome important rights and privileges which require notice. The additions referred to are quoted in extenfo in the Appendix I, No. iv., and are to the following effedl : It was .declared to be the king's pleafure and command that the monks were to have and hold all their lands and poffeffions with all rights pertaining thereto free and quit from all exadlions in pure alms, with fac and foc,^ tol, theam and infangenethef, and were to be free from county fuits, hundred laws and {herifi"'s aids. All perfons were at the fame time prohibited by the king from vexing or difturbing the monks or their men or pofTeflions on pain of forfeiting ten pounds. 1 Sac — Jurifdiction in matters of difpute. Soc — " Interpellatio majoris audientiae," a liberty, privilege or franchife granted by the king to a fubjeit; alfo the area within which that franchife is exercifed. Tol — Duty on imports. Theam — The right of compelling the perfon in whofe hands flolen or lofl property was found to vouch to warranty, that is, to name the perfon from whom he received it. Infangentheof — Jurifdiction over a thief caught within the limit of the eftate to which the right belonged. Stubb's Gloffary, Doc. illuft. of Englifli Hiflory. The right of Infangenthef is thus defcribed by Bra6lon "et dicitur Infangenthef latro captus in. terra alicujus de hominibus fuis proprio seifitus latrocimo. Outfangthefe vero dicitur latro extraneus veniens aliunde de terra aliena et qui captus fuit in terra ipfms qui tales habet libertates." 4P jFla^leg ^trftc^. The foundation charter of Henry II and fubfequent kings contain, it will be noticed, very few names of private benefadlors. Special mention only is made of Roger Earl of Hereford, Leuveric or LefFric de Staura, Walfric of Dymoc, and Geoffry fon of Walfric, The chief fource of information relative to private benefa6lors of the abbey is, of courfe, the Cartulary, of which a notice in detail will be given hereafter. A large number of the private grants mentioned in the Cartulary were, however, formally confirmed to the abbey by Henry III. A record of this confirmation is preferved in the Charter Rolls of II Henry III,' and the genuinenefs of the Cartulary feems to be ftrongly fupported by the independent teftimony derived from this fource. The charter referred to, being under these circumftances one of fpecial importance, will be fonnd fet out at length in Appendix No. v; to facilitate enquiry full references, will be found in the notes relating to the Cartulary given below. Miscellaneous Grants to Flaxey Abbey. In addition to the grants, privileges, &c., conferred on Flaxley Abbey as noticed above, under other heads there are a few additional grants and orders relating to Flaxley to which allufion is made in the Public Records. In the fifth year of Henry IIP a royal order was addrelTed to John of Monmouth, Conftable of St. Briavell's, commanding him to allow the abbot of Flaxley to hold in peace "the hermitage of Erdlond "* as he had been accuftomed to hold it in the time of King John. In the fifth year of Henry III record is made of a royal letter'' addreffed to John of Monmouth, ftating that the king had given permiffion to the abbot and monks of Flaxley to have a flieep cot (berkeria) in Ruardean and Northden ■iRot. Cart., ii Hen. Ill, pars sec. m. 8. 2 Rot, Claus., 5 Hen. Ill, m. 20. (p. 441, printed feries). 3 The edablifhment of this hermitage, and the appointment of' ■William the Hermit, are related in No. 25 of the Flaxley Cartulary. The Rev. E. L. Cijtts.flates that hermitages or anchorages fometimes depended on a monaflery, and were not neceffarily occupied by brethren of the monallery, but by any defiring to embrace this mode of life whom the convent might choofe. The hermit however probably wore the habit of the Order. A hermitage in the Taynton wood, subjedl to St. Peter's at Gloucefler, is noticed in the Gloucefler Cartulary. There was alfo a hermitage at St. Briavells, iubjedl to the monaflery of Grace Dieu in Monmouthfhire, fee Cartse Antiquae, Q.Q. 27, and Rot. Claus. ii Hen. III. p. 170, printed feries, noticed in NichoU's Perfonalities, Forefl. of Dean, p. I. ^Rot. Claus.; 6 Hen. Ill, m. 13. (p. 490, printed feries). iFlaxIcg ^Vbt^, 41 (intra Ruwarthin et Northden) for the fpace of the king's life. Given at Mon- mouth on the 9th day of March. In the fifteenth year of Henry III the fheriflf of Gloucefter was commanded with the conftable of St. Briavell's and others to affign to the abbot of Flaxley the two acres of moor in Rademoor which the king had granted to him.' In the twenty-feventh year of Edward HI (1353) there appears on the Patent Rolls' the record of a fpecial grant to the abbey of Flaxley of the sum of _;^36 gs. id. from the rents of the newly aflarted lands of the king in the foreft of Dean in confideration of the great loffes which the abbot and convent had fuftained from the deer and other wild beafts of the foreft, and alfo from the various and conftant vifits of the king* (varios et frequentes acceffus noftros). In the enforcement of this claim the abbot and convent were allowed the fame power of diftraint which the king himfelf enjoyed. This grant, which is one of fome importance, will be found in extenfo in the Appendix, No. vi. Public Inquisitions and Licences to assign Land to Flaxley Abbey. In the fifty-fecond year of Henry III an inquifition was held to afcertain whether it would be to the injury of the king to allow the grant of a certain fifhery in the Severn to be made to the abbots of Flaxley and Perfhore. The jurors expreffed the opinion that the grant would be injurious.* In the fifty-fourth year of Henry III another inquifition was held to afcertain whether it would be to the injury of the king that a grant be made of the filhery of Hynewere in the Severn to the abbots of Flaxley and Perfhore.' The jurors having decided that the king would not be injured by the faid grant, a licence was ifTued in the fame year which is entered on the Patent Rolls.* The original inquifitions and licence on the Patent Rolls have been carefully examined by me ; but I have been unable to identify the Hynewere fifhery referred to. In the fixth year of Edward I an inquifition poft mortem was held on the death of Alexander Bleyght, forefter in fee of the foreft of Dene, who died in the iRot Claus., IS Hen. Ill, m. 9 2 Rot. Pat. 25, 26,. 27 Edw. Ill, infimul No. 7. 3 Of the vifits of Edward III to Flaxley abbey this is the only notice that I can find. The vifits of King John will be noticed hereafter. * Inq. 52 Hen. Ill, n. 22. (See Roberts' Cal. Gen., Hen. Ill and Edw. I, page 131.) 5 Inq. 54 Hen. III. No. 68. (Roberts' Cal. Gen., p. i4S-) 6 Rot, Pat, 54 Hen. Ill, m. 9. G 42 iPiapclea ^beg. preceding reign, John Bleyght, alias Byeyt, is declared to be the fon and heir of the deceafed, who held a bailiwick in the foreft of Dean, called Bleytyelbayllye, from the time of the Conqueft, and held it on the day of his death. After his death John, fon and heir of the aforefaid Alexander, remained in the charge of the king, becaufe he was under age. And being thus in the king's charge King Henry gave to the abbot and convent of Flaxley in exchange for one forge two parts of the baiHwick aforesaid, whereby the faid John Bleyght fuftained lofs to the amount of two marks a year for fourteen years, or twenty-eight marks in all.' In the feventh year of Edward I an inquifition was taken to enquire if Richard Talbot and his anceftors had hitherto from times paft been accuftomed to have common of pafture in the wood of the abbot of Flaxley within the bounds of the foreft as belonging to his own free land in Longhope. The jurors did not know.^ In the fifteenth year of Edward I an inquifition poft mortem was held on the death of John of Penrys. The jurors fay that the aforefaid John, and Rofa his firft wife, formerly acquired the whole of the aforefaid tenement in Dimmoc from Robert Malet, and the aforefaid tenement in Bromefberie from William de la HuUe, to be held by the faid John and Rofa and the heirs of their bodies ; and that Agnes, the wife of Ivo of Clintone, the daughter of the aforefaid John and Rofa and their heir, being then of the age of fourteen years, entered upon the aforefaid tenement, and made oath of fealty to the abbot of Flaxley, and gave for her relief ten fhillings, after the death of the faid John, who died in the eleventh year of our lord the king, about the time of the feaft of the Afcenfion of our Lord.' In the fame year (15 Edward I) an inquifition was held by Grimbald Pauncefot and William Hatheway, keepers of the foreft, regarding a complaint of the abbot of Flaxley. It was found that while Thomas de Clare was keeper of the foreft, there came a certain WiUiam de Abbenhale, Walter Page, and Elys Page all miners, and digging in the land of the abbot of Flaxley at Ardlonde, found a mine there ; whereupon the abbot difcovering what they were about immediately removed them and filled up the pit with ftones and earth.* 1 Inq. p.m. 6 Edw. I, No. 88. (Roberts' CaL Gen., p. 274). 2Inq. 7 Edw. I, No. 40. (Roberts' Cal. Gen., p. 285). Gilbert Talbot appears amongft the benefactors of Flaxley Abbey, Cart. No. 13. 3 Inq. p.m. 15 Edw. I, No. 19 (Roberts' Cal. Gen., p. 378}. * Inq. IS Edw. I, No. 67 (Roberts' Cal. Gen., p. 384). JFlaxIeg ^ftbrs. 43 In the twentieth year of Edward I, licence was granted to Robert de Berkele and others to affign to the abbot and convent of Flaxley, a certain meffuage and the rents thereof in Erhngham.^ In the fecond year of Edward III an inquifition was held to afcertain whether it was to the king's injury to grant hcence to John le Botiler of Lanultyt and Beatrice his wife, to give five marks of rent per annum from the manor of Bruerne to the abbey of Flaxley, being held of the king in capite by twelve pence per annum paid to the fheriff and fuit at King's Barton.* The jurors having found that the said grant was not to the king's injury, licenfe was formally granted by the king to John le Botiller of Lanultyt, to affign the faid rent to the abbey of Flaxley in perpetuity in return for fupplying a monk to do daily fervice for the fouls of him and his anceftors.* In the thirty-fecond year of Edward III an inquifition was held on the appHcation of Geoffry le Marchal Chaplain and John Arham for permiffion to affign four meffuages, two tofts, one mill, two carucates of land, four acres of mead and two of wood, fix marks of rent, and a moiety of the advowfon of Blechefdon (Blaifdon) to the abbey of Flaxley ; the premifes aforefaid being fituate in the parilhes of Elneton, Newenham, Erlyngham, Longhope and Wefl:bury,* No injury to the king being Ihown, the required permiffion was granted by a formal order in the fame year. This order is enrolled in the Patent Rolls.^ In the thirty-eighth year of Edward III an inquifition appears to have been ^ Rot Pat. 20 Edw. I, m. i8. Roger Berkeley, knight, is named as a benefactor of the monaflery of Flaxley in Valor Ecclesiallicus of Hen. VIII, fee p. 486. This Flaxley Manor in the parifh of Arlingham is thus alluded to in "Smyth's Berkeley MSS." Hundred of Berkeley, vol. iii, page 61. " In this parifli alfo^ the abbot of the Monaftery of fflaxley had a little Manor, raifed like as the former by the guifts at feveraU times of the lord Berkeleys and other ffreeholders, which likewife cominge to the Crowne by the diffolucion of that Monaftery in 31 H. 8. was forthwith after given by that kinge to Sir Anthony Kingfton, (at that time one of the knights of this Shire for that parliament, and then high Steward of Berkeley hundred), and his heires. By whofe death in the firft of Qu: Mary, it came to Edmond Kingfton, father of Anthony, father of William Kingfton of fflaxley that nowe is, who is faid to have lately either fold the fee or to have made longe Leafes equivalent therto, to Robert Longney, Henry Wintle, Richard ifryer of Hockerhill, Walter Carter, and . • The tenure whereof is of the king by knight fervice in Capite ; And for the moft part, or altogeather lye in the hamblet called Sloo, in the furtheft part northward of the parifh." ^Inq. 2 Edw. Ill, fecond numbers, No. 128. ^Rot. Pat., Prima pars 3 Edw. Ill, m. 16. * Inq. 32 Edw. Ill, second numbers. No. 87. 5 Rot. Pat., Secund4 pars 32 Edw. III. No. 28. G2 44 Jlaxle^ ^fiftcg* held on an application to grant to the abbey of Flaxley a certain mill and meadow, with the rents thereof, in Northwode and the vill of St. Briavell'sw No injury to the king being fhown, the required permiffion was given by a formal order paffed in the fame year. This order is enrolled on the Patent Rolls.' In the forty-fixth year of Edward III an inquifition is faid by Tanner to have been made on a propofal to affign to the abbey of Flaxley half a knight's fee in Blecheden.^ I cannot find the record of this inquifition, or of any licence ifTued thereupon. In the tenth year of Richard II John Sabyn Chaplain and Thomas SnodhuU applied for licence to give one meffuage, one toft, one carucate of land and twenty-eight acres of mead all lying in Leye, Bofelisye and Rodeleye, together with one mefliiage, fixty acres of land and meadow, and four pounds rent from Longhope and Huntley to the abbey of Flaxley.* No injury to the king being fhown, licence was formally granted as ufual.' This licence is enrolled on the Patent Rolls.* In the inquifition pofl: mortem of William Waryn taken in the feventh year of Henry V, it was noticed that the efl;ate of Soilewell, or SuUey, in the hundred of St. Briavell's, was held by the deceafed from the abbot of Flaxley.® Similarly in the inquifition poft mortem of Robert Greyndour, Arm., it was found that one meffuage and one carucate of land in Hurfi: were held by the deceafed from the abbey of Flaxley at the nominal rent of one red rofe.® Notices of Flaxley Abbey in the Hundred Rolls of Edward I. The Hundred Rolls, as is well known, have been printed by order of the Record Commiffioners in two volumes folio. These records contain the following references to Flaxley : Page 176, vol. i. "Sc'us [fandtus] Brivallus. Item Abbas de Habeal tenet manerium de Habeal' de domino Rege in capite cum balliva, at abbas de Flaxel' mo habet magnam partem ballivae, nefciunt qual''." 1 Rot. Pat, Prima pars, 38 Edw. III. No. 38. ' 2 Inq. 46 Edw. Ill, No. 10 is Tanner's reference. 3 Inq. 10 Ric. II, No. 107. * Rot. Pat., Prima pars, 11 Ric. II, m. 28. 5 Inq. p.m., 7 Hen. V, No. 52 Will'us Waryn. " Inq. p.m., 22 Hen. VI, No. 34, Robertus Greyndour, Arm. This entry is noticed by NichoUs' who has expreffed the opinion that "Habeal" may be the fame as "Abbenhall." The corre6tnefs of this opinion appears to me to be very doubtful ; but I am unable to offer any more fatiffactory interpretation myfelf. I have carefully examined the original roll on the chance that the word might have been wrongly printed ; but the word in the original is undoubtedly " Habeal," and it remains for experts to fay who the ' Abbas de Habeal ' was, and where' was lituated the manor of that name, with the baihwick, of which the abbot of Flaxley is faid to have had a great part, though on what title the jurors did not know. In the fame Hundred it was ftated that John Bleyght holds one virgate of land from the king in chief, with the bailiwick appurtenant, and that the abbot of Fliaxley holds the greater part of the bailiwick, though on what title was unknown. Alfo Thomas of Blakeney held from the king one virgate of land with the bailiwick, which laft was in the poffeffion of the abbot of Flaxley. In the fame rolls appears the following reference to Flaxley under the head ofWeftbury^:— " The jurors fay that Roger Cadel gave five acres of land out of the manor of Rodley to the abbot of Flaxley in pure alms, whereby his lord the king has loft the tallage, etc., belonging to him." "The aforefaid abbot holds two mefTuages and his two tenants two acres of land out of the tenement of Walter of ChexhuU in the manor aforefaid,^ and three acres out of the tenement of Henry of Humelmore* in the fame manor, and two acres from the fee of Game,* whereby their lord the king has loft tallage." Under the head of Botlowe appears the following* : — " The jurors fay that the abbot of Flaxley holds the tenement which belonged to Haylof who was a ceorl (' Sokemannus ") of the king in Dimmoc, and half a virgate of land through WilUam Gamages who was enfeoffed of half a knight's fee in the fame manor by King Richard." 1 Perfonalities of the Foreft of Dean, by the Rev. H. G. NichoUs, p. i6. 2 Hundred of Weftbury, p. i8o. 3 For grants of Henry of Cheakefliill fee Cart. No. 22 and 61, alfo Rot. Cart. 11 Hen. IH, pars. fee. m. 8. * Philip of Humelmore appears amongft the benefadlors to the Flaxley monks in Rot. Cart. 11 Hen. III. pars. fee. m. 8. 5 For references to Hugh of Gerne (Game) fee notes under "Additional Benefaaors" poll. « Hundred of Botlowe, p. 183. 7 Sokemannus, Sochemannus— A ceorl, a free landowner not noble. Stubb's Glofs., 528. 46 iFlaxleg f^ftfteg* " The abbot of Flaxley holds of the land which belonged to Robert Mufchet' two virgates of land and two acres of meadow. The fame abbot was enfeoffed of thirteen acres of land and one meffuage by William de Byfeleye." Perambulation of Forest of Dean. Bigland in his Hiftory of Gloucefterfhire''* notes that the early records of the foreft of Dean abound in accounts of perambulation. In 1225 (9 Hen. Ill) one was made on the petition of the monks of Flaxley, including the additions made in former reigns, which in 1300 (28 Ed. I) were' difafForefled, and called PurUeus. This fettlement was confirmed by Parliament in 1326, i Ed.' III. Taxation of Pope Nicholas. The ecclefiaftical valuations known as the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, 1292 (20. Edw. I), and the Valor Ecclefiafticus of Henry VIII, furnifh fome interefting information relating to Flaxley abbey. Both of thefe valuations have been printed by the Record Commiflioners, and are well known to all hiftorical enquirers. In the taxation of Pope Nicholas, under the head of Hereford Temporalities, the goods of the abbey of Flaxley are thus enumerated at p. 171. Bona temporalia Abbatis de Flaxle. Idem habet in manerio fuo de Walemore quatuor carucatas terrae precium carucatse - - - -080 De redditibus aflifae per annum - - -070 Item 20 plauftratas feni precium cujufdam librae - -010 Item idem habet tres carucatas terrae in grangia juxta Abbatiam precium carucatas - - - -080 De redditibus aflifae - - - -168 Item unum molendinum foler. ibidem precium per ann. - o 10 o De uno molendino aquatico ibidem per annum - -068 Item apud Novam Terram duas carucatas terrae per centum carucatas 068 De redditibus aflifae ibidem - - -030 Item apud Dene tres carucatas terrae per centum carucatas - 070 De redditibus aflifae - - - -050 1 Robert Mufchet appears amongll the benefadors of Flaxley Abbey in Cart. No. 31 and 32. ^ Bigland's Hiftory of Gloucefterfhire, p. 457, under " Foreft of Dean." I Item lo plauftratas feni per cent plauftrates Item apud Dymmok quinque carucatas terrae per centum carucatas De redditibus aflifas per annum - - - Decern plauftratas feni per cent, cujufdam lib. Item unum molendinum aquaticum p.c. per annum Item apud Seddeftowe duas caruc. terrse p.c. cuj. lib. - De medietate unius gurgitis . . . De aliis pifcariis - - . . Item in villa de Monem. de redd, afs. Summa - - - Decime - - - At page 174 is the following: — Abbas de Flaxle. Habet 35 vaccas exit. omn. - De multonibus 100. Exit. omn. Item de ovibus mat'cib' 140 exit, omn. Summa - Decime - - At page 204 — 6, under Bath and Wells. Archidiaconatus Wellen. Decanatus de Axebrugg. Abbas de Flexlegh - - -110 At page 221. Wygorn' Dioc. In Decanat. de Stonhoufe. Preter hoc porcio Abbatis de Flaxle in dec. ret'. Taxatio Decime - - - - At page 238. Same diocefe. Archidiaconatus Glouceftr'. Abbas de Flexl. habet apud Climperwell tres carucatas terrse et valet caruc. viginti folid. Item apud Erlingham unam carucatam terrae et valet viginti folidos. Item de exit, ftaur. quadraginta folidos - - - Decime - - - ■ T 15 O I o 8 O II O I o 6 o 6 o 10 o 10 O I 47 o o o o 8 8 o o 5 2 126 I 13 4 3 10 o o ■ Blakfdon. I 5. o 026 600 o 12 o Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. By an Act paffed in the twenty-fixth year of King Henry VIII (a.d. 1534) it was finally fettled that the Church fhould render to the king the firft fruits of all benefices and dignities, and the tenth of their annual revenues. The Act was entitled "An Acte concerninge the paiment of Firfte Fruites of all dignities, benefices and promocyons fpirituall, and alfo concerninge one annuell 48 JHaxlcs ^6es. pencyon of the tenthe part of all the poffeffions of the Churche fpirituall and temporall granted to the Kings Highnefs and his heires." It was to carry into eflfect the provifions of this Act that the Valor was formed. The only exifting Valor of the ecclefiaftical property of the kingdom was the furvey made in the time of King Edward I by Pope Nicholas IV. A new furvey was neceffary on account of the change in the value, eftimated in money, of the various dignities and benefices ; (2) a great change had taken place in their relative values ; (3) in the interval fince the laft valuation had arifen innumerable foundations of the fpecies denominated Chantries, from which a large revenue was about to be derived. Hence it was enacted that fuch a furvey fhall be taken by commiffioners fent in the king's name in every part of the kingdom, whofe duty it fhould be to enquire out all promotions and to return an exact account of all the temporahties and fpiritualities with which they were endowed. The Valor Ecclefiafticus of King Henry VIII is the return into the exchequer which thefe commiflioners made. The poffeffions of the monaftery of Flaxley within the foreft of Dean are thus enumerated under the head of the various manors in which the abbey owned lands or other revenue.^ Flaxley Monafterium infra Foreftam de Deane in Com. Glouceftr'. Manerium de Bleyfdon. Valet clare in reddit' et finn' unacu al' cafual ib'm p' annu il. pro reddit' refolut' ano regi et 13s. 4d, pro vad' Adam Phelpis collect' reddit' ib'm. - - - 61. 6s. gd. Man'ium de Walmoure cu' Membr'. Vafet clare in reddit' et firm' -unacu al' cafual ib'm p' annu ultra IS. 3^d. pro reddit. refolut'. dno regi los. vicar choral' eccl'ie cath'is Hereford 2s. ad hundred' dni regis de Weft- bury et il. i6s. 8d. pro vad. Adam Philpis collect' reddit' ib'm, - - - - - 26I. 3s. gd. Div's Terr' et Tent' in Newneham Polton villa Glouc'. Howie et Goodrych. Valent clare in redd' et firm' ib'm p' annu ultra 6s. 8d. folut' pro vad Thome Boxe collect' reddit' ib'm, et los. pro capit'i re°. abb'ti et convent' de Tyntharn' - - cj[. 2s. i;d 1 Dugdale's Mon. Angl., EA 1825, Vol. V, pp. 590, Valor Ecclefiafticus temp. Hen. VIII (Tranfcript of Return 26 Hen. VIII. Firft Fruits Office.) Rochellefbury. Valet clare in reddit' et firm' unacu ati cafual' ibm per annii ultra 7s. fplut' dfio Regi pro capit'li reddit' 13s. 4d. priori Sci Johis J'rem in Anglia pro capit'li re' 2s. abbti et convent' de Keyfhem pro capit'li reddu 13s. 4d. pro vad' Thome North collect' reddit' ifem et 20' pro feod' Rici Werme- combe fen" ibm. - - - 20I. 4s. 4d. Newland Colford et Staunton. Valent clare in redd' aflis' ibm per annu ultra 43s. 4d. pro capit'li reddit' folut' ad caftrum dni Regis de Sco Briavello et 13s. 4d. pro vad'. Rici Baret collect' redd' iftm. - 17I. 3s. 6d. P'va Deane. Valet clare in redd' et firm' unacu at* cafual' itm per annu ultra 20' folut' pro vad'Will'i Tanner* collect, redd. ibm. - lol. 17s. 2d. Dymmocke. Valet clare in redd' et firm' unacu al' cafual' ibm per annu ultta I OS. folut' pro vad' Jolinis Wynyet collect' reddit' item et 2od. pro feod' Thome Lane fen" ibm. - 12I. i2s. od. Arlyngham et Clymperwell. Valent clare in redd' et firm' ibm per annu ultra 3s. 6d. folut' Waltero Yate pro capit'li redd' 2od. pro pane ann"' diftribut' apud Barkeley et Slymbrydge div's pauperib® pro aia Rogeri Berkeley^ militis unius benefactor' monafterii predci et 6s. 8d. pro vad' Wiffi Longley collect' redd' ibm. 5I. 9s. lod Flaxley. Valet clare in redd' et firm' unacu al' cafual' ibm per annu ultra 53s. 4d., folut' pro feod' Johis Arnold armigeri capit'li fen" omi' terr' et tent' predco monafterio pertin' 6s. 8d. pro vad' Wiffi Fowle collect' redd' ibm et 20' pro elemos' diftribut' div's paupib3 in cena dni S"^ clar' valor' Monafterii predci X™inde - - 1 An original deed dated 21 April, 26 Hen. VIII. (1535) executed between Thomas Were, abbot of Flaxley, and William Tanner, is ftill preserved at Flaxley abbey. (See Part III, post.) 2 Robert de Berkeley received a licenfe 20 Ed. I. to affign to the abbot and convent of Flaxley a meffuage and the renti thereof in Erlingham. (See p. 43.) H 81. 3s. 4d. 112I. 3s. Id. III. 4S. Sfd. 50 jRaxIeg aftftcg. Writs of Summons to Parliament. In Dugdales Monasticon Anglicanum, vol. viii, App. iii, Ed. 1825, is furnished an alphabetical title of all the abbots, mailers, and priors of religious orders to whom any particular writs of fummons to Parliament iffued from anno 49 Hen. Ill to 23 Edward IV extant in the Clofe Rolls, and lift of fummons in the Tower of London with the feveral years of each king's reign wherein they were fummoned. This table Ihows that writs of fummons' to Parliament were on feveral occafions iffued to the abbot of Flaxley in the reign of Edward I, viz. — 22 Ed. I. - - - 1293-94. 23 „ - - - 1294-95. 24 „ - - - 1295-96. 28 „ - - - 1299-1300. 32 „ - - - 1302-3. During the reigns of Edward I and Edward II it appears that the number of abbots fummoned to Parliament was fluctuating and uncertain. The lift of Parliamentary abbots was not formally fettled till the time of Edward III, when the number was fixed at 26, exclufive of two abbots and one prior which are doubtful, viz., the abbots of Leicefter and St. James, Northampton, and the prior of Coventry. Miscellaiteous references to Flaxley Abbey. ' The remaining few references to Flaxley abbey which I have been able to difcover in the public records are of inferior importance. In the Great Roll of the Pipe for the ift year ot Richard I, 11 89-1 190, printed by the Record Commiffioners, the following entry occurs at p. 163 : — Rot. 10, memb. i. " Et Monach. de Flexeleya vi H. nuo in Dimmoc," 1 In Lords' Reports on the Dignity of a Peer, vol. ii, p. 449, in the Index Summonitionum of Edw. I are the following references : — Flaxele Abbas de, 22, 23 ter., 24, 28 bis., 32. All thefe references to the abbot of Flaxley are writs of fummons to Parliament taken from the Clofe and other Rolls, and set forth at length in Appendix i, part i, of the Lord's Report on the Dignity of a Peer. The original rolls from which the references are taken are as follows : — 22 Ed. I., Rot Vafcon. ra. 4, dors; Close Rolls, 6 references, all in dorfo, viz., 23 Ed. I, m. 4 ; 23 Ed. I, m. 2 ; 24 Ed. I, m. 7 ; 28 Ed. I, m. 16 ; 28 Ed. I, m. 3 ; 32 Ed. I, m. 2. jFlaxles ^66^2. 51 A reference in fimilar terms appears at page 34 of " Rotulus Cancellarii vel Antigraphum Magni Rotuli Pipae de tertio anno regni regis Johannis," alfa publilhed by the Record Commiflioners. In the Oblata Rolls publifhed by the fame authorities under the title " Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londonenfi affervati temp. Regis Johannis," occurs the following entry at p. 546 : — " Abbas de Flaxley dat. tertiam partem viii m[arcarum] pro habendo brevi de debito illo. Habuit brevem. Man^datum eft vicecomiti quod capiat fecuritatem de primis illis denariis de tertia parte predictarum viii m[arcarum]." In the nth year of Henry III the following entry appears on the Clofe Rolls :— " Abbas de Flexl. attorn. Regin. fil. Walteri circa Johannam fil. Johannis pet. de X mare."^ In the fame year appears the following entry : — "It is commanded to Richard of Efton, William of Dene, and Richard of Weftbirie, that out of the money which has accrued from the forges of their Lord the King in Dene and is in their poffeffion at Flaxley, they fhould caufe William de Patot, Iheriff of Gloucefterfhire, to have xx pounds by way of loan up to the feaft of St. Michael."* In the 40th year of Henry HI, Clofe Rolls, appears the following entry : — Will, de Fontibus | Acquittance of Common Abbot of Flaxle j Summons in Co. Somerfet.^ In. the fame year the conftable of St. Briavell's was commanded with the advice of James Frefel and the abbot of Flaxley to fell wood in the foreft oi Dene to the amount of 1,000 marks to be paid into the wardrobe.* In the abftracts of the " Originalia " printed by the Record Commiflioners, vo^ ii, p. 33, occurs the following : — " Johannes le Botiller de Lanultyt finem fecit per decern marcas per licentiam habendi dandi quinque marcatas annui redditus Abbatise et Conventui bonas Marise de Flaxleye percipiendi de manerio de Breuerne ad inveniendum quendan- capellanum in Abbatia predicta hend." — Rot. 22. In the notice of Inquifitions connected with Flaxley abbey it is mentioned that licence was granted to John le Botiller to aflign certain rents to the abbey 1 Rot Glaus., II Hen. Ill, m. lo. (Vol. ii, p. 210, printed feries.) 2 Rot. Glaus., II Hen. IH, m. 5. (Vol. ii, p. 196, printed feries.) » Rot. Glaus., 40 Hen. Ill, m. 19, dorfo. * Rot. Glaus., 40 Hen. Ill, m. 10, dorfo. Compare Note 4, P- 3'. for reference to James Frefel^ H 52 JFlaxleg 'RhlitT^. of Flaxley in perpetuity in return for fupplying a monk to do daily fervice for the fouls of him and his anceftors. In Rymer's Fcedera occur feveral references to the abbot of Flaxley taken from the Clofe Rolls, viz. : — 1294, 22 Edw. I, under the head of Mandatum Regis Archiepifcopo Eborum et Epifcopis Anghse de facto Vafconiae, a Rege Franciae fraudulenter obtentas et nequiter detentas.' 1305) 33 Edw. I. De Exequiis Johannae Reginae Franciae celebrandis.* 1315, 8 Edw. II. Pro L marcis in menfe Pafchae.* 1333) 7 Edw. III. Super memorato fubfido, de excufationibus non admit- tendis.'' 1347, 21 Edw. III. De uno facco lanae in Octabis nativitatis Beatae Mariae Virginis. All the writs and orders quoted were of the nature of circulars addreffed to a large number of ecclefiaftics and others, amongft whom mention is made of the abbot of Flaxley. Under the head of Clerical Subfidies (Exchequer) Diocefe of Gloucefter and Hereford, Ed. I to Hen. VIII in vol. viii, P.R.O., appears the following : — " Numerus de capitibus omnium beneficiatorum et non beneficiatorum in decanat. de forefta Rofs, Irchenfeld, Heref. dioc. Tranfmiffus Abbati de Flaxley pro fubsidio levando." — 2 mems. Public events connected with Flaxley Abbey noticed in Ancient Chronicles and Public Records. The firft important public event connected with Flaxley abbey of which I have been able to find notice is the vifitation of the Ciftercian abbeys which took place in 1 187, that is, within forty years after the abbey was founded. A reference to this vifitation will be found in the Waverley Annals (Rolls feries, vol. ii, p. 245) and is chiefly important for the prefent purpofe as bringing to light the names of two additional Flaxley abbots hitherto unnoticed by Browne Willis, vStevens, or others. 1 Rymer's Fcedera, vol. i, part 2, p. 809. ''■ Ibid, p. 971. ^ Ibid, vol. ii, part i, p. 264. * Ibid, p. 852. JFlaxles ^bftef* 53 The paffage referred to is as follows : — (1187) "Hoc anno defcenderunt in Angliam vifitatores mifli a capitulo Ciftercienfi in quorum vifitatione dimiferunt Abbatias fuas Willielmus de Tinterna (ex fucceffit Vido Abbas de Kingefwoda eique fucceffit in Kingefwoda Willielmus prior ejufdem loci) et Willielmus Abbas de Bordefleia dimifit Abbatiam fuam, fuceffit Ricardus fup-prior ejufdem loci. Hoc idem fecit Walerannus Abbas de Dene, et fucceffit Alanus Monachus de Bordefleia." * In this year came down to England vifitors fent from the Ciftercian chapter ; at whofe vifitation William of Tintern refigned his abbacy and was succeeded by Vido, abbot of Kingfwood, who was himfelf fucceeded at Kingfwood by WiUiam, prior of the fame place ; and William, abbot of Bordesley refigned his abbacy, and was fucceeded by Richard, fub-prior of the fame place. The fame was done by Waleran, abbot of Dene, and Alan,' monk of Bordefley fucceeded him.' Visit of King jfohn to Flaxley Abbey, 1207-1214. King John has left in hiftory a bad reputation for his ill treatment of the Cifliercian order of monks, an account of which is given in the Annales Monaftici. In the year 1210 this order was fubjected to a ferious perfecution. Ranfom was extracted from them and they were forbidden to leave England. In 12 12 was publiflied a letter of King John to the fherilFs forbidding any mandate of the Pope againfl him to be received or executed, and in the fame year falfe letters were extorted from the Ciftercians and others, whereby they profefled to refign their property to the king. Flaxley being a Ciftercian abbey probably tore its own fhare of the perfecution. The Itinerary' of King John fhews that he vifited Flaxley on, feveral occafions between 1207 and 1 2 14, probably for the purpofe of hunting.^ 1 No. 69 and 70 of the Chartulary relate to grants made by abbot Alan (Alanus dictus Abbas de Dene) to Jordan, fon of Ralph, and to Godefrid Mog refpectively. 2 The Itinerary here given is taken from the introduction to the Patent Rolls by Sir T. Duffus Hardy, printed by the Record Commiffioners. 3 Besides King John, Edward III appears to have paid frequent vifits to the abbey, probably alfo for the purpose of hunting. A fpecial grant was made to the abbey by Edward III in confequence of the loffes fuftained by the monks, fee notes, p. 41 ante. 54 iFlaxlcg 3l66es* ..D. 1207 at Gloucefter Nov. 14 Wednefday. St. Briavell's ») 15 Thurfday. »» >) 16 Friday morning. Flaxley >) 16 „ evening. St. Briavell's >» 17 Saturday. Hereford ft 18 Sunday. 1212 at Flaxley »> 8 Thurfday. i» >i 9 Friday. St. Briavell's >) 10 Saturday. M )) II Sunday. M )) 12 Monday. Flaxley i» 12 Monday evening, 12 13 at St. Briavell's 11 28 Thurfday. )) M 29 Friday. Monmouth )> 29 Friday evening. >) )) 30 Saturday. St. Briavell's M 30 V Flaxley 7) 30 7) Gloucefter )) 30 , 77 1 2 14 at Braden's Coke Dec . II Thurfday. Afhton )> II 77 Flaxley M II 57 Burial of Gilbert de Clare at Tewkesbury, 1230. In the year 1230, October 25, occurred the death of Gilbert de Clare^ at Penros, in Brittany. His body was brought to Plymouth, and thence to Tewkefbury where he was buried, 11 November, in the prefence of the abbots of Tewkefbury, Tintern, Flexley, Keynefham, Tureford and others. This event is alluded to in the Annals of Tewkefbury, (Rolls Series, vol. i, p. 76) in the following terms : — " Venit tum corpus ad nos fabbato ante feftum Sancti Martini, quierit autem in fepulcro Dominica fequenti. Sepultus vero eft ante majus altare aflantibus Abbatibas de Theokefberie, de Tynterne, de Flexleye, de Key- 1 Several members of the De Clare family were buried in Tewkefbury Abbey. See Mr. A. Hartihorne's paper on " Monumental Efifigies near Cheltenham," Trans. Glouc. and Bristol Arch. See, vol. iv, p. 231. JFlajclcs abfttg. 55 nefham, de Tureford et aliis viris religionis innumeris diversorum ordinum populisque innumeris utriufque Sexus." ' There came then the body to us on the Sabbath before the feaft of St. Martin, and was placed in the tomb on the following Lord's day. He was buried indeed before the greater altar, in the presence of the abbots of Tewkefbury, Tyntern, Flexley, Keynefham, Tureford, and a countlefs number of holy men of different orders and a multitude of both fexes.' Connection of Flaxley Abbey with Richard Earl Marshall, 1234. In the eighteenth year of Henry III 1233-34, ferious difturbances took place in connection with the infurrection of Hubert de Burgh and Richard Earl Marshall. After the king's quarrel with Hubert de Burgh in 1232, the latter was confined firft in the Tower and afterwards in the Caftle of Devizes. The king then made Des Roches, bifhop of Winchefter, his chief counfellor, and by his advice difmiffed the officers of his court, and garrifoned his caftle with Poidtevins and other foreigners. Richard Earl Marfhall and other nobles remonftrated with the king, but obtaining no redrefs they took fteps to drive out the foreigners. Hoftages were then demanded from them by the king, but the Earl Marfhall appre- hending treachery fled to Wales and made a league with Llewelyn, whereupon he was proclaimed as a traitor. Hubert de Burgh efcaped from prifon Odtober 12, and joined the infur- redtion againft the king. The Clofe Rolls of 18 Henry VIII contain feveral allufions to this infurredlion, and Ihow that the followers of the Earl Marfhall amongft other places fled to Flaxley Abbey, where the Conftable of St. Briavell's, the SherifiF of Gloucefter, and other officials were fent to take them. The firft reference on this subje(5t is dated 6 March, 18 Henry III,* and is as follows: — 'The fheriff of Gloucefter is commanded to take with him the conftable of St. Briavell's and the king's coroners of the county and go to the abbey of Flaxley and offer to perfons there who are againft the king that they fhall come out to ftand their trial or elfe abjure the kingdom.' 1 Rot. Claus., 18 Hen. III., m. 28. S6 iFlaxleg ^ftties. On the 15 March occurs the following entry : — 'The fheriff of Gloucefter is commanded to permit the men armed with bows, arrows, and hatchets who came to the abbey to keep watch, becaufe fome of Richard Earl Marfhall's men fled thither, to return to their parts and to retain the others for the faid watch.' This extract from the Clofe Rolls is printed in extenfio in vol. i of Royal Letters, Hen, III, 12 16- 1235, edited by the Rev. Walter Shirley, app. iv, No. 7, under documents relating to fall of Hubert de Burgh as follows : — " Mandatum efl vice Comiti Gloceftriae quod omnes homines de comitatu fuo juratos ad arcus et fagittas et hachias quos venire fecit ufque Flexleiam ad vigilias faciendas ibidem occafione quorumdam fervientium de gente comitis Ricardi Marefcalli qui ad Abbatiam de Flexleia fugerunt ad partes fuas fine impedimento redire permittat ad terras fuas excolendas. Ceteros vero juratos ad loricas, perpunctos, et hauberinos quos ibidem ad hoc venire fecit faciat ibidem morari ad vigilias faciendas ita quod quidam unius patriae et alii patriae : fucceffint vigilias illas faciant. Telle Rege apud Wadeftok decimo quinto die Martii per epifcopum Wintonienfem et jufticiarium.'" On the 20 March the following entry occurs : — The conftable of St. Briavell's is commanded to deliver up lo the abbot the horfes, etc., which were taken within the enclofure of the abbey, and on account of which the Bifhop of Hereford excommunicated the conftable and others. The Bifhop is commanded to take off the excommunication." The Bifhop of Hereford at this date was Hugh Folliot, confecrated 1219, died 1234. The oldest Regifter of the fee of Hereford ftill in exiftence commences with Thomas de Cantelupe, 1275, 3 Ed. I, fo that no reference to the events defcribed is obtainable from thofe records. On the 28 March the following entry appears : — The conftable of St. Briavells is commanded not to permit anything to be 1 Rot. Claus., 18 Hen. Ill, m. 28, dorfo. The infurredion of Hubert de Burgh took place in 18 Hen. in, 1233-34, and the extracts quoted from the Clofe Rolls refer to the writs for affembling the 'jurat! adarma' dated ad. 1231. The following extract from this writ, taken from Stubb's Documents illuflrative of Englifh hiflory, is important as throwing light on the meaning of the entries in the Clofe Rolls relating to this infurredtion : — " Mandatum efl vicecomiti Glouceflrise quod, non obflante mandato regis ei facSlo de hominibus juratis ad arma et fecuribus veniendis ad exercitum regis venire faciat tamen homines juratos ad ferrum, videlicet loricas et haubiones et perpunctos ; faciat revenire ad eundem exercitum ducentos homines cum ducentis fecuribus et cum victualibus fuis quadraginta dierum, qu« eis vicecomes faciat inveniri per homines comitatus fui juratos ad alia minuta arma, quos rex vult remanere in partibus fuis. " etc., p. 350. 2 Rot Claus., 18 Hen. Ill, m. 27. iFlaxleg ^inies. 57 ta,ken in the wood of the abbot for eftovers of the keepers of the fervants of Richard Marfhall who fled to the monaftery ; but to caufe him to be recompenfed for his hedges which have been burnt ; and alfo reftitution of his horfes, arms and harnefs to be made. The aforefaid conffcable and the IherifFs of Glouceflerfhire are commanded not to permit the aforefaid keepers to remain within the gates of the abbey or monaftery, but to perform their cuftody outfide the gates.' The entries from the Clofe Rolls above referred to, I have carefully examined in the original Roll in the hope of finding fome additional parti- culars, befides thofe furnifhed in the excellent Index prepared by the authorities of the Public Record Office. I find, however, that the whole of the particulars mentioned in the Roll have been most carefully and accurately stated, and no additional matter of importance was obtained by me from the Roll itfelf. Settlement of dispute between Abbots of Margan and Carlyon, 10 Aug. 1256. The abbot of Flaxley appears in 1256 as one of the witnefles to the final fettlement of a difpute between the abbots of Margan, co. Glamorgan, and Carlyon (Carleon upon Uflce) co. Monmouth, regarding the affignment and boundaries of 100 acres of land. The original document is defcribed in the Seal Catalogue of the MSS. room of the Britifh Mufeum (75, A, 37) — " Litteras quibus narratur fihalis compofitio controverfise inter abbatias de Margan co. Glamorgan, et de Karlyon (Carleon upon Ufk) co. Monmouth, fuper aflignatione et limitatione centum acrarum terrae. " Tefte abbatibus de Flexley co. Glouc, de Tinterna co. Monm., de Neth. (Neath.) co. Glamorgan : de Alba Domo co. Montgomery ; et de Strata Florida co. Cardigan. F^cta in Octavo S, Laurentii, 10 Aug. 1256, cum fig." The feal of the abbot of Flaxley and of the other abbots named is or was appended to this document ; but the Flaxley feal cannot now be identified. I have, however, been able to fecure from the Doubleday coUedlion fatiffactory impreflions of the abbey feal, an account of which will be given hereafter. Suspension of the Abbot of Flaxley for misconduct, 1335. The laft public occurrence which I have to notice is the formal fufpenfion of the abbot of Flaxley for mifcondu6t in the ninth year of Edward III, 1 Rot. Claus., 18 Hen. Ill, m. 27. N.B. — Both of thefe entries, which are of different dates, are engroffed on the fame membrane. 58 JFlaxlcg ^icg. the charge of the abbey being meanwhile entrufted by the king to the abbots of Dore and Bordefley and to the prior of Flaxley. The record of this occurrence will be found in the Patent Rolls' of ninth Edward III. It relates that on account of the negligence (incuriam) and bad rule (malum regimen) of the abbots of Flaxley, the property of the abbey had been ferioufly wafted and confumed, and that the abbot and convent were deeply in debt. Under thefe circumftances it was declared that the king took the abbey and all its poffeffions into his own charge, and delivered the abbacy into the cuftody of the abbots of Dore, Bordefley,* and the prior of Flaxley to hold as long as the king fliall think fit. All perfons were forbidden to take away anything from the manors, granges, and other pofleffions of the abbey without the fpecial permiflion of the Commiflioners above-named. The reference in queftion, which is one of fpecial intereft, will be found in extenfo in Appendix i, No. vii. How long the abbot was under fufpenfion is not known, but in the twenty-feventh year of Edward III. (1353) a fpecial grant to the abbey of £^1^ 9s. id. was made by the king as before related, fee p. 41, 1 Rot. Pat. 9 Edw. III., pars fecunda, m. 16. 2 The Ciflercian abbey of Dore is in Herefordfhire. Bordefley is in Worceflerlhire. At the time of this fufpenfion Thomas Chorlton was Bifliop of Hereford (1327 to 1334). Jlaxles a66e2. 59 PART II. CARTULARY OF FLAXLEY ABBEY. The following account of this Cartulary has been communicated to me by Mr. Samuel Gael of Battledown Knoll, Charlton Kings, Cheltenham, The original Roll on which the various documents relating to Flaxley abbey are engroffed was the property of Thomas Wyniatt, Efq., of Staunton in Gloucefterfhire. In 1825 it was lent by Mr Wyniatt to the late Sir Thomas^ Phillipps, Bart, of Middlehill, Warwickfliire, who made clear with his own hand a tranfcript of the contents of the whole Roll, which is now at Thirleftaine Houfe, Cheltenham. On the death of Mr. Wyniatt the original Roll paffed into the poffeffion of the late Sir Thomas Phillipps, and was included by him in the catalogue of his well-known library at Middlehill. In 1866 a portion of the Flaxley Cartulary, together with a table of the whole contents, was printed by the late Sir Thomas Phillipps at his private prefs at Middlehill. The print then made concludes with the following note. "Finis Cartularii de Flaxley tranfcripti per T. Phillipps Anno Dni 1825, " et imprefli Marc. 1866. " N.B. As the original Roll has been miflaid, the above could not be " collated with it therefore there may be a few errors. T. P." The original Roll of the Cartulary, though known to have been in the poffeffion of the late Sir Thomas Phillipps, is unfortunately ftill miffing ; but the tranfcript of the Roll made by Sir Thomas Phillipps himfelf is in the Phillipps Library. Through the kindnefs of the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Fenwick of Thirleftaine Houfe I received fpecial permiffion to procure a copy of this tranfcript for publication with thefe notes on Flaxley abbey ; and for this purpofe I was fortunate enough to fecure the valuable fervices of Mr, Fitzroy Fenwick to whom I am much indebted. The Cartulary copied by Mr. Fitzroy Fenwick contained all the abbreviations and contractions fhown in Sir Thomas Phillipps" tranfcript. Thefe abbreviations have been extended in accordance with the principle adopted by the editors 6o JIaxl£2 ^6fteS' of the Rolls feries ; and the text of the Cartulary as thus extended has been carefully revifed by a competent expert, and has been compared by Mr. Fenwick with the original tranfcript. Although, therefore, under the circumftances explained, fome errors may poflibly have crept into the text owing to the impoffibility of collating the copy with the original Roll, it will be admitted, I hope, that pains have been taken to fecure as much accuracy as poflible. Sir Thomas Phillipps is well known to have been a very learned and Ikilful antiquary ; and the tranfcript made with his own hand may, it would feem, be fafely accepted as a faithful copy of the original Flaxley Abbey Cartulary. The genuinenefs of the documents contained in the Cartulary feems to be ftrongly attefted by internal evidence. Many of the names of benefadtors and witneffes cbrrefpond with the names mentioned in other public documents ; and the Cartulary as a whole prefents all the appearance of a valuable collection of original monaftic deeds. But fortunately the genuinenefs of the Flaxley Cartulary does not depend upon internal evidence alone. I have difcovered amongft the Charter Rolls of Henry III a document which contains a formal confirmation of a large number of the private gifts and benefaftions recorded in the Cartulary. The document referred to is of fome length, and is quoted as follows in the printed Calendar of Charter Rolls pubHfhed by the Record Commiffiouers : Rot. Cart, ii Henry HI, pars fecunda, m. 8. In the abfence of the original Cartulary Roll the independent corroboration derived from this confirmation charter of Henry III feems highly important. The charter referred to has been fet out at length in Appendix, Part I No v, and fpecial notice of its contents will be given hereafter. Amongft the contents of this Cartulary, (Cart, No. 80') will be found to be a catalogue of the library of the Flaxley monks, entitled " Catalogus librorum." This catalogue feems, from a note in Sir Thomas Phillipps' handwriting, to have been printed by the Royal Society of Literature under the following heading, which contains a few additional particulars of intereft :— " Excerpta ex Cartulario Abbatiag de Dene alias Flaxley agro Gloceftrise penes Thomas Wyniatt Armigerum de Staunton in eodem Comitatii. A.D. 1825. Hoc cartularium fcriptum eft in Rotulum Pergameneum (cujus initium lacerum eft) in faeculo I3""°- 1 The numbers quoted refer to the numbers in the Latin Table of Contents which precedes the Cartulary, see Appendix Part II, post. inaj;Ie2 ^66^. 6i Incipit in fronte Redditus de Dimmoc, In dorfo "Carta Henrici aliquando." In dorfo etiam continet Catalogus Librorum in ©ibliotheca qui fequitur " Numerus librorum noftrorum Bibliotheca in tribus voluminibus." Here follows a lift of books commencing with " Augliftinus fuper ' Beatus eft Vir'." I am not aware of the grounds upon which the ftatement is made that the Cartulary was written on a parchment roll in the 13th century ; and the abfence of the original Roll makes it difficult to form any opinion on the fubject. The date of many of the documents recorded in the Cartulary appears on the face of the documents themfelves. All thefe documents feem to have been executed within the firft fixty years after the foundation of the abbey: viz., before 12 10. Of the ninety-feven documents of which the Cartulary is compofed, one is a catalogue of the abbey library ; one contains the letters addreffed by William, Bifhop of Hereford, to all the chaplains of the diocefe ; two are Papal Rolls of privilege, one by Pope Celeftine III, the other by Pope Alexander III ; four are ftatements of account ; and the remaining documents, eighty-nine in number, confift (a) of grants of land or privileges made to the abbey by various private benefadtors ; (b) of leafes, mortgages, agreements, &c., made by the monks with private perfons in the ordinary courfe of bufinefs. The Cartulary, with revifed Table of Contents, will be found in extenfo in Appendix, Part II. Names of Private Benefactors. Amongft the private benefadtors enumerated in the Flaxley Cartulary the following are, perhaps, the moft important — i, Gilbert de Monmouth ; 2, William de Braofe, Lord of Brechen ; 3, William de la Mara ; 4, William and Heiiry de Mineriis ; 5, William de Dene ; 6, Richard de Erlingham ; 7, Robert Mufchet ; 8, Robert and Walter de Maus ; 9, William de Sancto Leodegario ; lo, Walter and Robert de Ragel co. Somerfet ; 11, Hugh Hofate. Gilbert de Monmouth. No. 6 of the Flaxley Cartulary is a grant by Gilbert de Monmouth and Berta his wife to the abbey and monks of Dene of a fum of 5s. from the proceeds 62 jFIaxleg utiles. of the mill of Ope' (Hope) for the purchafe of wine for the celebration of the facrament, with a flipulation that if the faid mill Ihould fall down, the fum aforefaid was to be paid out of the cuftoms dues (gabulo) of the faid vill of Ope. Provifion having been made for the object Hated, the fum might be applied, with the confent of the whole chapter, to the repair of books. This grant mult have been an important provifion for the fupport of the abbey library. In Cart. No. 80 will be found a catalogue of this library as it exifted in the 13th century. Gilbert de Monmouth was probably a defcendant of William Fitz Baderon of Monmouth,''' who is noted as holding at the time of the great furvey lands in Tibberton, Huntley, Hope, Weftbury, &c. No. 7 of the Flaxley Cartulary is another grant to the abbey by the fame Gilbert de Monmouth- of freedom from tolls (quietanciam de theloneo), licence to crofs the fea, in this cafe doubtlefs the Severn (paffagio), and all cuftomary dues throughout all the land of the grantor. William de Braose. No. 8 is a fimilar grant of freedom from tolls and the privilege of croffing the fea as above to the monks and Holy Church of " Mary of Flaxeleya " by William de Braofe Lord of Brechen' as a propitiatory offering for himfelf, 1 The village of Hope or Long Hope is fituated between the villages of Micheldean and Blaisdon, about two miles from Flaxley. ^ For particulars relating to this family fee Mr. Alfred S. Ellis's paper on the " Domefday Tenants of Glouceflerfliire." — Trans. Briftol and Gloucefllhire Arch. Soc, vol. iv, p. 130- ^ The following table, compiled from Banks, fhows the pedigree of William de Braose — William de Braofe. =7= Philip de Braofe. =f=Berta dau. of Milo, Earl of Hereford. William de Braofe d. in Paris, i2i2.=f=Matilda de St. Valery, d. 1210. , K , William de Braofe d. 12 10. Philip. Giles, Bp. of Hereford. The Flaxley benefadlor was William, fon of Philip de Braofe. His wife, Matilda, de St. Valery, and his two fons William and Philip, are named in the deed granted to the Flaxley monks ; and the following additional particulars are related by Banks : William de Braofe being called upon to pay an old debt, flew out into rebellion and was banilhed the kingdom with his family. His wife Maud was taken, brought back, and being confined in Windfor callle was with her eldeft. fon William flarved to death by order of King John in 12 10. William de Braofe the elder died in Paris two years later. They had another fon Giles who was Bifhop of Hereford. Maude de St. Valery is defcribed as Lady of Haye. For additional information relating to the family of De Braofe fee articles by Sir Wni. Drake and Mr. Elwys in the " Genealogifl " 1880, 1881, 1882. For the information furnifhed in this note I am indebted to Sir John Maclean, F.S.A. jFlaxleg ^tieg, 63 his wife Matilda de St. Valery, his family, &c. Among the witneffes to this deed are William and Philip, fons of William de Braofe. William de la Mara. No. 95 is the grant of WiUiam de la Mara' to " God and the Bleffed Mary and monks of Flaxley " of all his* meadow at Tukeley on payment of four Ihiliings at the feaft of St, Kenelm the martyr, and of " unas botas rubeas" on the feaft of All Saints. Among the witneffes to this deed are William de Berkeley and Bertram de la Mare. William and Henry De Mineriis. No. 9 is the grant of WilHam de Mineriis to the abbey affigning in per- petual alms fix acres of land under Casthard,^ and one acre of meadow between the faid land and the adjoining ftream. No. 10 is the grant to the abbey by Henry, fon of William de Mineriis, of the land lying between the land given to the abbey by William de Dene* and the wood above. No. 20 is the confirmation to the abbey by Henry de Mineriis, as lord of the manor, of all the grants made to the abbey by *Adam fon of Fulco. The confirmation charter of 1 1 Hen. HF does not allude to the grants above mentioned, but refers to the gift by Henry de Mineriis of all his portion of Hinewere' with all liberties. 1 William de la Mara was a firfl coufin of Earl Milo : for pedigree fee Table in Trans. Briflol and Glouceftfliire Arch. Soc, vol. iv., p. 162, "Domefday Tenants of Gloucllerlhire," by Mr, A. S. Ellis. 2 Confirmed by royal charter of 11 Hen. III. Rot. Cart., 11 Henry III, pars. fee. m. 8. 3 Cafthard, othervv-ife written Caftiard or Cafteyerde, was the name of the valley where the abbey of Flaxley was founded. See notes at p. 26. * For the grant of William de Dene, see Cart., No. 16. * For the grants of Adam, fon of Fulco, fee Cart. No. 19, 63, 64. The name is alfo referred to in Rot. Cart, 11 Hen. III., pars sec, m. 8. « Rot Cart, 11 Hen. III., pars secunda, m. 8. ' A Severn fifliery, known as Hynewere or Hinewere, was granted to the abbey in the S4th year of Henry III. Rot Pat., 54 Hen. III., m. 9. This grant was confirmed in the 30th year of Edward III, in payment to the king of an annual acknowledgement of twelve pence. Rot Pat, 30 Edw. Ill, tertia pars pat., m. 19. 64 jFlaxleg ^bi&cs. William and Geoffrey de Dene. No. 1 6 is the grant to the abbey by William de Dene' 'King's Forester,' of all his land under Caftiard. In return the grantor and his heirs were to enjoy the perpetual right of nominating to the abbey one monk, who was required to be acceptable to the convent. No. 17 is the grant to the abbey by Geoflfrey, fon of William de Dene, of his meadow in Pulmede,^ adjoining the garden of Henry de Mineriis. No. 18 is the record of a compromife entered into between Geoffrey de Dene, and the monks of Flaxley, regarding a difpute relating to the mill dam of Roger de Bofco. In Cart. No. 44, Roger de Bofco agreed to remove his dam from the monk's bridge and put it where it would do no harm. See poft. William and Richard de Erlingeham. Nos. 30 and 50 are grants of land in Erlingeham (Arlingham) made to the abbey of Flaxley by William, fon of Gilbert, fon of Milo of Erlingham.' Nos. 28 and 29 are other grants of land to the abbey by Richard, fon of William de Erlingeham. Both William and Richard de Erlingeham appear to have made 1 Sir Thomas Phillipps has noted in his tranfcript of the Cartulary, that from the grants above quoted (No. 16 and 17) the following pedigree is obtained : William de Dene,=j=Matilda " King's Forester." | I 1 1 Galfridus, son and heir Mael William I William It feems probable that William de Dene was -a defcendant of William Fitz Norman, keeper of the Forefl of Dene in 1080. See Mr. Alfred S. Ellis' Paper on " Domefday Tenants of Gloucefterfhire," Trans. Briflol and Gloucefterfhire Arch. Soc, vol. iv., p. 134; alfo "The Hiflory of the Manors of Dene Magna and Abenhale and their Lords," by Sir John Maclean in the fame publication, vol. vi., p. 123. The fee and inheritance of Englifli Bicknor, which belonged to Ulric de Dene, was granted by Henry I to Milo de Gloucefler, see Cal. Royal Charters, Duchy of Lane. Records, (page 9, note I and page 16, note 3), and printed by Sir John Maclean in Trans. Bristol and Glouceflerfliire Arch. Soc, vol. iv, p. 319. 2 The grant to the abbey of a meadow in Pulmede is alluded to in the Confirmation Charters of Roger Earl of Hereford, and of Henry II, see p. 16, 18, 37. 8 From Cart. No. 50 Sir Thomas Phillipps has extracted the following pedigree — Milo de Erlingeham=p... I ' Gilbert. , 1 William=T=Hel... I -< 1 Richard, o.s.p.=Matilda Editha, d. and heir. agreements with the abbey to be buried at Flaxley, doubtlefs in the abbey church. One of Richard's grants recites that he and his wife Matilda had given themfelves aHve and dead to the abbey, and had chofen their place of burial there. The parifh of Erlingham or Arlingham is fituated oppofite to Newnham from which it is divided by the river Severn, and is about four miles diftant from Flaxley. Robert Muschet. Nos. 31 and 32 are the grants to the abbey by Robert Mufchet* of land near Walemor, and land in Linley, &c. The former grant recites that the monks have paid to Robert Mufchet three marks of filver for the grant, and that he had received from "Abbot Alan"^ twenty fhillings. Gilbert de Dimoc, William de Parcho, Walter de Maus. Nos. 33a, 34, and 35, are grants made by Robert and Walter de Maus to Gilbert de Dimoc, who is defcribed as being in the fervice of Henry Kais, Reeve (prepofitus) of Gloucefber.' No. 36 is a grant to the abbey and monks of Dene, by Gilbert de Dimoc, of land in Briuwerna in perpetual alms, the grant in queftion being a portion of the land received by Gilbert from Robert and Walter de Maus. No. 37 is the formal confirmation of this grant to the abbey by Walter de Maus, who ftates that in return for this grant the monks had given him ten fhillings and one tunic. No. 38 is the affignment to the monks by WilUam de Parcho, of all his rights in the land formerly held by Gilbert de Dimoc in Briuwern. The fame grant further recites that William de Parcho, moved by divine piety, grants to the monks in perpetual alms all his fhare of the fifliery of BoUewere, and a fite for building a wind- mill. No. 39 is the confirmation of this grant by Walter de Maus. William de Sancto Leodegario. No. 81 is the grant of Philip de Burci to William de Sandlo Leodegario of the whole eftate of Ragel with appurtenances, and the record of the formal 1 Robert Mufchet was referred to in the Hundred Rolls as owner of land in Botlowe held by the abbot of Flaxley, fee vol. i., p. 183. 2 For other references to Abbot Alan, fee Cart., No. 69, 70, and Annales de Waverleia, Ann. Mon. Vol. ii., p. 245. s Confirmed by royal charter of it Hen. III. Rot. Cart., 11 Hen. III., pars secunda, m. 8. K 66 jflaxleg WiU^. indu6lion of the latter with all the feudal incidents pertaining to the tenure. The grant appears to have been made in fettlement of a debt contradled by Philip de Burci, with Manaffer, Jew of Briflol, and paid by William de Sancto Leodegario. The date of the grant is the feaft of St. Michael, 1193 (5 Ric. I). No. 82 is between the fame parties, ftipulating for an annual quit rent of two fhillings or one bizantium (2 fol. vel i bizant.) for all eafements iDelonging to Philip de Burci or his heirs, in refpedl of the faid land, for a period of 31 years; the date of this grant alfo is 1193 (5 Ric. I). No. 83 is the confirmation of grant No. 82, by the fuperior lord, who is defcribed as "WiUiam fon of Robert fon of Martin." No. 84^ is the affignment of the aforefaid land by William de San6lo Leodegario to the church and monks of the Holy Mary of Dene in perpetual alms, fubject to a quit rent of two fhillings payable annually at the feaft of St. Michael, and the fervice due to the fuperior lord ; the deed further recites that when this affignment was made, twenty filver marks were paid by the monks to William de Sandlo Leodegario, and it feems that when the latter paid the debts of Philip de Burci, to Manaffer, Jew of Briftol, as above ftated, he did fo by means of money advanced by the monks of Dene (ex denariis ipforum monachorum) ; William de Sanflo Leodegario and his heirs received at the fame time the perpetual right of prefenting one monk to the eftablifh- ment of monks at the abbey ; and he and his heirs were received both in life and death into all the benefits of the church. No. 85' is the formal confirmation of this grant by the, fuperior lord William fon of Robert, fon of Martin, as in No. 83. Walter and Robert de Ragel. No. 86 is a grant by Walter, fon of Walter de Ragel, to the monks and church of the Bleffed INIary of Dene of a certain croft in Ragelbury, near 1 This grant was formally confirmed to the a.bbey by royal charter of 1 1 Hen. III. Rot. Cart. II Hen. HI., pars secunda, m. 8. 2 From Cart. No. 85, Sir Thomas Phillipps gives the following pedigree — Martinus (qu. if Martin de Tours, fee Pole's Devon)= 'J Robert, filius Martini=7= , 1 William=f=Angaret r ^ -1 Robert, eldest William. St. Andrew's fountain, and between the garden which ufed to belong to Philip de Burci and the houfe of Ofward. No. 87 is the confirmation of this grant by Robert, brother of the aforefaid Walter, fon of Walter de Ragel. In this confirmation grant the name Ragelbury appears as Rachelbury. No. 88 is the grant by Walter, fon of Walter Sprot, of Ragel, of two acres of land towards the fouth, lying between two acres of Emnet, and the croft which belonged to Ailward le Seigneur, and half an acre of meadow lying adjacent to the aforefaid two acres in Duddemed. No. 89 is the confirmation of the preceding grant by Robert, brother of Walter Sprot, of Ragel. No. 90^ is another grant to the monks by Walter Sprot, of Ragel, of the whole of his portion of certain land in the hills, reckoned about four and a half acres : alfo common of pafture, both in the hills and fields. Hugh Hosate. No. 91 is the grant of Hugh Hofate to the church and monks of the Bleffed Mary of Dene of two acres of land in Ragelbury,* lying near the 1 Confirmed to the abbey by royal charter, Rot. Cart., 11 Hen. Ill, pars fecunda, m. 8. 2 Ragelbury or Regilbury, otherwife written " Rachelburi," as in Cart. No. 87, appears to be the lame as " Rochellelbury " of Valor Ecclefiallicus, vol. ii, p. 486, and " Rochelbury " in the grants made to Sir William and Sir Anthony Kingston when Flaxley Abbey was fuppreffed. The name Ragel is doubtlefs the fame as Ragiol of Domefday Survey, which is identified by the Rev. R. W. Eyton, with Ridge Hill in Winford, (Domefday Studies of Somerfet, 2 vols. 1880). In Dugdale's Monafticon Ang., Ed. 1825, vol. v, p. 589, appears the following note: "Regill on Broadwell Down, fix miles from Briftol, in Nemnot parifli, in the county of Somerfet, was a cell to Flexeley Abbey, and as fuch in the 36 Hen. VIH was granted to Sir Anthony Kingfton." CoUinfon (Hiflory of Somerfet, vol. ii, p. 319) has the following:— "The village of Nemnet is not mentioned in the Conqueror's Survey. It was always heretofore an appanage to the manor of Regilbury in this parifh, and held by the families of Martin and Perceval for feveral generations of the abbot of Flaxley, chief lord of that manor. After the diffolu- tion of monasteries, that manor with lands and appurtenances in Nemnet, Blagdon, Winford, Butcombe and Regilbury was granted by King Henry VIII, in the thirty-fourth year of his reign, to Sir Anthony Kingfton, whofe fon Edward Kingfton, 7 Eliz., fold it to Edward Barnard, Efq., and he the year following conveyed the fame to Edward Baber, Efq., Sergeant at Law, and his heirs. From him defcended Edward Baber, Efq., who lived in the beginning of the prefent century, and tranfmitted this with other eflates to Sir Halfwell Tynte, his next heir, fro:n whom it defcended to the late Sir Charles Kemys Tynte, Bart., and his heirs." ■68 jFlaxleg ^bfteg. road towards the fouth, between the houfe of Ailward le Seigneur, and the houfe of Galfrid Tripel. No. 92 is apparently another affignment of the fame land, in confideration of which the monks of Dene paid to Hugh Hofate a fum of fix fhillings. The grants of Hugh Hofate were confirmed to the abbey by royal charter of II Henry HI.' Of the remaining private benefactors mentioned in the Cartulary, brief notice only is required. John Pichard' granted to the monks all his rights in the land of Walemor held by them : and in return the grantor received the perpetual right of prefenting one monk to the church of Flaxley. Cart., No. 11. Hugh le Petit granted to the abbey all his land in Neweham held by Seftan Knif, near the ditch of the Old Caftle* (juxta foflam Veteris Caftelli), Cart., No. 12. Gilbert Talbot granted to the abbey twelve pence annually from the mill of Ruddekefliale. Cart., No, 13. Adam, of Blakeney, confirmed to the monks the gift of one " folda "^ in Neweham made to them by his brother Jordan. Cart., No. 14. He and his wife Bafilia alfo granted to the monks two fhillings of annual rent to be paid to the facrifl;an of the abbey every year on the feaft of St. Michael for the purchafe of wheat for the Hoft, and for the purchafe of oil for the three lamps that burned before the three altars at High Mass. Cart., No. 15. Regarding the manor of Regil or Ragel in Winford, the following additional particulars are given by CoUinfon, vol. ii, p. 121. " A very confiderable part of t^iis place was given to the Ciflercian abbey of Flaxley, in Gloucefterftiire, founded by Roger, Earl of Hereford, in the time of King Henry I, and thus this place became a cell to that monaftery. In the time of Edward HI the abbot thereof held the fourth part of a knight's fee in Regil; and the heir of Herbert de St. Quintin the moiety of a fee in the fame village of Hugh le Difpenser. The convent appears afterwards to have accumulated large poffeffions in the parilhes of Winford, Nemnet, Butcombe, and Stoke, and to have held moll of them in demefne." Flax Bourton derives its name, according to Collinfon, from the fact that the abbot of Flaxley in Glouceflerfhire antiently held the principal eflate in this parifh, having exchanged for it certain of their demefnes at Regil in the parifli of Winford. (Hill, of Somerfet, vol. iii, p. 161.) 1 Rot. Cart, 11 Henry HI, pars fecunda, m. 8. 2 John Pichard appears amongft the witneffes in Cart., No. 8, by which William de Braofe grants to the Flaxley monks freedom from paffenger tax, &c., throughout his dominions. 3 For notice of the "Old Caflle of Dene," fee Note 2 at p. 16, ante. * Solda idem q- Selda. Taberna Mercatoria. — Du Cange. jFIaxlrg ^6bcg. 69 Adam, fon of Fulco, of Chekefhill, fon of Anketil,^ granted to the monks three acres of his demefne of Chekefhill ; fix felions of Bunewei ; and all his meadow at ... . fwell. Cart., No. 19. By another deed dated 1201 he granted to the monks all his demefne of Chekefhill for three years in return for a payment of three marks. Cart., No. 63. By another deed, alfo dated 1 20 1, he made to the monks a fimilar grant for five years. Cart., No. 64. Philip de Dunia' granted to the monks two acres of land in Wadleie. Cart., No. 21. By another deed dated 1195 he mortgaged to the monks all his land in the fmall marfh (in parvo marifco) ; all his furlong (forlongum) of Welipulle ; all Cubewordin ; one acre of land near the hill and eight felions in the hill of Walemore ; and all his land in Wadleie, with the meadow which he held there. Cart, No. 54. The deed. No. 21 above, is attefled by William, father of Philip de Dunia, Johanna his wife, and Edith his mother. Henry de ChekefhilF confirmed to the monks all the meadow which his brother Roger had given them in Littleraore, Cart., No. 22. By another deed he mortgaged to the monks all his meadow called Cumbesmedewe, for a period of five years from 1199, "the year in which king John was crowned." Cart., No. 61. Robert Tholi* granted to the monks his land which lay between the land of Thomas de Monmouth,^ and the land held by Richard Prieft of Chirchefdun, which belonged to the fee of John de Evreus. He alfo by the fame deed gave them his land before the gate of the caftle, fituated between the gate 1 From Cart, No. 19, Sir Thos. Phillipps gives the following pedigree — Anketil=f= I Fulco de Chekeshill=f=Edith. I -H n Adam==Isabella Durand Walter. 2 In the confirmation charter of 1 1 Hen. Ill the grants of Philip de Dunia are not noticed ; but the following gifts of William de Dune are confirmed, viz., two acres of,land which lie above ^Valmorefliall and all his land in Stangarfl ; alfo fourteen feliones of arable land in Wodley (Wadleie), and one acre of land at Ulnegate. Cart., No. zi, furnifhes the following pedigree- William de Dun=pEdith. Philip=Johanna. 2 Henry de CheakefhuU is noticed in the confirmation charter of 11 Hen. Ill, as giving to the monks all that croft which Edward held called Alinvecroft, with the meadow called Alinveplot, and all his land in Ruding, and all that croft which William Cuverer and Muriel held. Rot. Cart., II Hen. Ill, pars fee. m. .8. * Robert Tholi (Toli), of Gloucefter, appears amongft the witnelTes to the following grants, etc., found in the Cartulary, Nos. 12, 31, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 70, 75. 70 Jlaxles ^ifics- of the invalids of St. Sepulchre's hofpital of Gloucefter/ and his other adjoining land belonging to the fee of the monks of St. Dionyfius. Cart., No, 23. William Nexe granted to the monks his , . (foldam) in Neweham in return for eighteen fhillings paid by the monks. Cart., No. 24. Roger,' fon of Ralph de Pulton, granted to the monks for the foul of Earl William of Warwick (Warrewic) and Countefs Margaret de Oilli, and for his own falvation and that of his wife Margaret, five fhillings of annual rent from the land held by Gilbert de Felda and Godwin de Pultun before him. The grantor ftates that thefe five fhillings were fpecially affigned for the purchafe of bed clothes for poor guefts (ad emendos pannos ad lectos pauperum hofpitum). Roger and his wife Margaret gave themfelves living and dead to the church of Dene, and their bodies for burial wherever they might die. Cart,, No. 26. Hugh Charke^ granted to the monks the whole of his land called Eilfifcroft, and in his deed he ftates that the monks had received him and his into all the benefits of the church, both in death and in life, as a brother of the convent. He further ftates that, at his requeft, they undertook to receive his body for burial and that of his fon fhould he fo wifh, Cart., No. 27. Hugh Charke (Cherke) alfo granted to the monks, common of pafture throughout his whole land for their cattle ; and he was to have common of pafture for his cattle with thofe of the monks, Cart., No, 33. By another deed, Hugh Charke mortgaged to the monks all his land called Wudelond, all Eilfifcroft, all Torfthalle, except three acres, and except the land which Luveric holds, and all the land of Hide held by Ernaldus, the carpenter, except three acres, for a ^With the allufion made in Cart. No. 23, of the Flaxley Cartulary to St. Sepulchre's hofpital at Gloucefter, compare No. Ixxix of the Cartulary of St. Peter's monaflery at Gloucefler, edited by Mr. W. H. Hart, vol. i, p. 189. By this deed Thomas, abbot of St. Peter's, granted to the fick brethren of St. Sepulchre's hofpital, (fratribus infirmis hofpitalis Sandli Sepulcri) one acre of land for the increafe of their garden. * Roger, fon of Ralph de Pultun, is noticed in the confirmation charter of 11 Henry III as having given to the abbey three virgates of land in Pultun with appurtenances. 'Rot. Cart., IT Hen. in, pars. fee. m. 8. 2 Hugh Chearke is noticed in the confirmation charter of 11 Hen. Ill, as giving to the monks that part of the meadow of Hide near the Severn, with Hayes (Haitiis) belonging to that land. He is further noticed as giving to the monks fix "Puches" in the Severn oppofite Hanecombe. Rot. Cart, 11 Hen. Ill, pars fee, m. 8. A "Puche" or "Puchin" is a falmon trap made of ofier, open at one end and clofed at the other. The trap is attached to flakes in the river, and refembles a long funnel fliaped bafket, feveral of which are placed one above another. The word " puche " is noticed in the Gloffary attached to the Gloucefler Cartulary, but is not explained. period of 12 years, commencing 1195, at the feaft of St. Michael, Cart., No. 53. This deed feems to have been renewed for a period of fix years from 1 201, between the fame parties. Cart., No* 65. Eoger de Bofco records that after the agreement made between him and the monks of Dene in the time of Abbot A.* he held from them the three acres which his father had given them in alms between his houfe and EfhuL and the monks held from him the land of Alefword in fee farm paying fix pence a year. Of this payment he remitted to Abbot Richard* five pence for the falvation of himfelf and his family, and in confideration of one cow and calf which the monks gave him. The monks were to hold from him in perpetuity the land of Alefword on payment of one penny. Roger de Bofco alio remitted to the monks all his claims regarding the refervoirs, ditches, and fifti ponds (de fl:agnis, foffatis, et vivariis), and agreed to remove his dam from the monks' bridge and put it where it would do no harm. He alfo granted to the monks their eafements (aifias) in his quarry (quarreria) of Elhul. Cart, No. 44. Roger de Bofco alfo leafed to the monks for twenty years one acre of land in Cleilega, another in Whitelega, a third under Eilefhulle, a fourth in Eifhfeld, a fifth in Longlands, and a fixth at the top of the field near the fl;ream, commencing from the feaft of St. Michael, X20i. Cart., No. 55. Another deed to the fame efi'ect is recorded in Cart., No. 67. William Turc mortgaged to the monks of Dene his virgate of land formerly held by Eilwinus le Mercer, and after him by Henry Calvus, for ten years commencing from the feaft of St. Michael, 1196. Cart., No. 56. Moyfes de Redley' mortgaged to the monks three acres of land in Ruding, for fix years, commencing from the feaft of St. John Baptift next after the coronation of King John. Cart., No. 57. Nigel, fon of WilUarn Hathewi,* mortgaged to the monks his meadow in the marfh for five years, commencing from the feaft of St. Michael next after the coronation of King John. Cart., No. 58. 1 Abbot A. is probably Abbot Alan who fucceeded Abbot Waleranin 1187. Annales de Waverleia. Ann. Mon., VoL ii, p. 245. Two grants by Abbot Alan are recorded in the Cartulary, Nos. 69 and 70, which will be noticed below. He is also referred to in Cart., No. 31. 2 For grants of Abbot Richard, fee Cart, Nos. 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 49, 51, 52, 75. ^ Moyfes or Moyfe of Redley is noticed amongfl the witneffes in Cart., Nos. 12, 22, 54, 60, 61. * William Hapewi or Hathewi was one of the keepers of Dean forefl. He is mentioned in Inq. IS Ed. I, No. 67, in connection with a complaint of the abbot of Flaxley, fee p. 42, ante. The name alfo appears as Foreftarius de feodo in an inquifition held at Mitcheldean, 30 Nov., 1338, Glouc. Cart., Vol. iii, p. 235. 72 Jlaxlcg litres. Geoffrey Hugelin mortgaged to the monks all his land of Walmore for fix years ; the deed ftates that this agreement was made at the feaft of St, Michael, at the fecond change of the moon, and after that feftival Neweham was burned' (et poll idem feftum cremata eft Neweham). Cart., No. 59. William de Minfterworth^ leafed to the monks for eight years all his meadow between Gerne and the church of Weftbury from the feaft of St. John, 1197, to the fame feftival 1204. Cart., No. 60. Ralph Crupard^ leafed to the monks his two crofts called Hamcroft and Hulpefcroft for four harvefts, viz., two of wheat and two of barley, the firft crop to be taken in the year 1200. Cart., No. 62. Roger de Leinch leafed to* the monks one virgate of land in Middletun for feven years from 1202 at Hokeday.' Cart., No. 66. Mafter Jocehn defcribed as clerk (clericus) of William Marlhall, gave himfelf alive and dead to God and the Blefled Mary of Dene in the prefence of A^bot Richard® and the convent, and chofe his place of burial at the abbey wherever he might die. Cart., No. 74. Mafter Jocelin appears to have made a grant to Alice de Gloucefter of all his land in London de Cheringa given to him by lord William Marfhall ; and this grant was confirmed by Wilham Marfhall. Cart., No. ^2 and ']2i. Walter of Budicombe^ gave to the monks, in alms, feven acres of land lying between the mefTuage of Stephen Aldewiche, in the hills and between the roads going to Eiffele and Kingberge, in return for one pound of cinamon (cinimi) to be paid yearly at the feaft of St. Michael. He alfo gave the monks tithes of his two hundred flieep. Cart., No. 93. Ernaldus de Cutberleye fon of Ernaldus Dunning,^ granted to the Bleffed 1 The burning of Neweham muft. have been an event of feme local importance to have been fpecially recorded by the Flaxley monks. 2 Walter, fon of William de Munllrewithe, is noticed in the confirmation charter of 11 Hen. Ill as giving to the monks all his land in Walemore, called Charkefeld, as Roger de Munftrewithe held it in his demefne. Rot. Cart, 11 Hen. Ill, pars fee. m. 8. "Ralph Crupard is noticed in the confirmation charter of ii Hen. Ill, as giving to the monks two crofts, to wit, Halpefcroft and Hamecroft. Rot. Cart., 11 Hen. Ill, pars fee. m. 8. ^ Roger de Leinch (Lench) appears as a witnefs in Cart, Nos. 28, 29, 50. ^Hokeday the fecond Tuefday after Eafler. See Cart., No. 23. 8 For notices of Abbot Richard, see Cart, Nos. 25, 39, and note 2, p. 71. ■!■ Walter de Budicumbe appears as a witnefs in Cart, Nos. 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94; and Gilbert de Budicumbe is also mentioned in all the deeds above noticed, except Nos. 84 and 90. ^Arnoldus fon of Amaldus Dunning is noticed in the confirmation charter of 11 Hen. Ill, as giving to the monks all the land between the two bridges over the Severn at Gloucefter. Rot. Cart, II Hen. Ill, pars fee. m. 8. Jlaxlea aftbes, 73 Mary of Flaxley for the repair of the hofpice,' all his land between the two bridges of the Severn at Gloucefter, which formerly belonged to Robert, fon of Feremon, and was latterly held by Gaufrid le Lorimer. Cart., No. 96, By another deed " Brother R. called Abbot of Flaxley " and the convent agreed to pay to Ernaldus de Cutberleg five fhillings a year for life to be paid every year on the feaft of St. Ethelbert the Martyr, Cart., No. 97. Additional Benefactors mentioned in the Confirmation Charter of II Henry III. It has been noticed above that a confiderable number of the private grants made to Flaxley abbey, and recorded in the Cartulary, were formally confirmed in the eleventh year of Henry III. It will be convenient, however, at this place to notice briefly the additional grants, alienations, &c., fpecified in this confirmation charter, of which no record is found in the Cartulary. Roger de Heidun^ fold to the monks nine acres of land lying between the land of Redley and the great road ; two acres in the marfh lying between Heilith and John de Wodeham's land, and one acre of meadow in Holemede. He alfo gave to the monks ten acres of land as fpecified in Redley. Both the fale and gift were formally confirmed. Margarete, daughter of Gaufrid, fon of William, gave to the monks all the land of Northwood which her father had given her. Hugh de Gerne' gave all his land in the croft at ChekefhuU. Ofmund ,K . . . gave all his land lying between the land of Richard " Draperii," and the land of Warinus " Sellarii." Alfo all the land which lay between the land which belonged to Wace the cook, and the land which belonged to Gilbert, fon of Ralph, in Gloucefter. Henry, fon of Odon, gave to the monks all his land in Rudinge with as full rights as his father enjoyed. Roger de Ardern'' gave to the monks all his land of Otleg at Cheakefljull. 1 See Mr. Middleton's plan (howing probable arrangement of the monaflic buildings, Plate vi. 2 Roger de Heidun appears amongfl. the witneffes in Cart., No. 57. * Hugo de Geme appears amongfl. the witneffes in Cart, Nos. 54, 62. He is again noticed in the confirmation charter of ir Hen. Ill in connexion with a grant to the Flaxley monks by Matilda Giffard of certain land belonging to the tenement of Hugh de Geme near the fifhery of Befpvike. * Roger de Ardern appears amongfl. the witneffes in Cart., Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 31, 32, 33> 44, 53> 54, 5S> 5J, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67. L 74 iFlaxleg abfteg. Philip de Humelmore^ fold to the monks four acres of land which he held in fee of WiUiam de Dune (Dene ?). Ralph de Redley gave to the monks all his land in Redley with appurtenances lying under Heilith, and all the tenement of Walter Hendi in the meado\y of Smalham. Peter de Salso Marifo^ (Salt Marlh) gave to the monks all his land in Tribnell with all appurtenances. Thomas, fon of William de Harpetr, gave to the monks all the land which belonged to Henry Scepefhefed, with all the appurtenances and common of pafbure for one hundred fheep in the fame vill. Alfo half virgate of land held by Ofbert the Reeve ; and from the wood which belonged to the Henry aforefaid, as much timber as he required by the view of his forefter. Richard of Blechedun* gave to the monks two acres of mead which Edric his fon held, and half an acre of mead adjoining. John Ruk, fon of Ada(m), gave to the monks all his arable land in Bruern, to wit, ten feilliones in Revenefhokefeld with appurtenances. Helie Giffard* gave to the monks all his demefne in Habewoldefham in his manor of Brumeffeld with pafturage for eight oxen, and fharing common of pafture with the men of the faid manor, and everywhere along with the cattle of the lord of the manor of Brumeffeld in the paftures outfide the park of Brumeffeld, and with pafturage for two hundred and forty Iheep in the common paftures both of Brumeffeld and Croneham. William de Budifeld gave to the monks lands in Budifeld as fpecified, with pafture for two hundred fheep in the common of Budifeld. Gaufrid de Longo Capo gave to the monks all the lands which Thomas Baterick held of him in Levepeley. John ' Difpenfator '^ gave to the monks all his land in the croft called 1 Henry de Humelmore referred to in the Hundred Rolls as owner of land held by the abbot of Flaxley, p. 45, and note 4. ^ Dominus Johannes de Salfo Marifco referred to as a witnefs to an agreement executed between the Abbots of Gloucefler and Briftol. Glouc. Cart, Vol. ii, p. 92. ' Richard de Blecheden appears amongfl the witneffes in Cart., No. 17. Baderun de Blccheden is noticed in Cart., Nos. 9, 10, 16, 17, 19, 27, 33, 54, 60. * Helie Gififard is mentioned as a witnefs in Cart., No. 5. Three perfons of this name are allu,ded to in the Index to the Gloucefler Cartulary, edited by W. H. Hart, Esq. The Helias Giffard referred to in the Flaxley Cartulary appears to have been Helias Giffard of Brimpffield or Brumeffeld. For a notice of this family, fee Mr. Alfred Ellis's paper " On the Domefday Tenants of Gloucesterihire," Trans. Bristol and Glouc. Archaeol. Soc, Vol. iv., p. 159. 5 Geoffry and Richard le Defpenfer (Disfpenfator) are referred to in the' Gloucefler Cartulary, fee VoL i, iii, 378; Vol. ii, 116, 216. "Buveveie," which lies between the land which Adam, fon of Fulco,' gave to thofe monks, and the meffuage which belonged to Robert Surdus. Amis de Tukeley^ gave to the monks two acres of mead in Bruerne in the meadow called Wrugehat. Matilda Giffard^ gave to the monks all her land under the fifhery of Befpwike, to wit, twenty-four feilliones, belonging to the tenement of Hugh de Gerne. Helie GifFard alfo gave to the monks all that half virgate of land in his manor of Brumeffeld with appurtenances which William le Cras held, and all that half virgate of land with appurtenances which Robert de Climperwell held, and all the land lying between the fifhpond of Climperwell and the land of the monks which they hold from the church of Lanthony. Roger de . . . gave to the monks all that half virgate of land which Jordan, fon of John, held from him in Erlingham. Grants to Flaxley Abbey by Ecclesiastics. No. 4 of the Flaxley Cartulary is a grant to the monks of Dene by Abbot A. . . of Vallis Dore* of one virgate of land in Climperwell which had been received from the prior and convent of Lanthony. No. 5 is the original grant of this land by Roger, prior of Lanthony, to the monks of Dore. This original grant was made over to the monks of Flaxley as fpecially noted in the deed of Abbot A. No. 45 is the record of an agreement made between Ernaldus clerk of Dimoc and the monks of Dene, granting to the latter the tithes of the land cultivated by the monks in the parifh of Dimoc in return for two fhillings payable annually on the feaft of St. Michael. This convention appears to have been renewed and confirmed by William Kais^ who fucceeded Ernaldus in the vicarage of Dimoc. Cart., No. 46. No. 94 is the record of an agreement made between the monks of Dene 1 For grants of Adam, fon of Fulco, fee'Cart., Nos. 19, 63, 64. 2 Amis de Tukeley mentioned in Cart., No. 95, as the owner of land held by the monks of Flaxley at Tukeley. 3 Matilda Giffard, who was flie, and what relation if any to Helias Gififard before referred to ? * Vallis Dore — the Golden Vale — was the feat of the Ciflercian abbey of Dore in Herefordftiire. For notice of this abbey fee pp. 21 and 58. ^ There feems to have been a ferious difpute on the fubject of thefe tithes between William Kais and the Flaxley monks; and Abbots H. of Glouceller and A. of Tewkefbury (Theokefbir) were deputed by Pope Clement III to fettle it. Cart., No. 47, is the record of the agreement arrived at viz that the monks Ihould pay to William Kais two fliillings a year as above Hated in Cart, No. 45. 1} 76 jFlaxleg ^htt^, and the church of Budicumbe with the wifh and confent of Gilbert parfon of Budicumbe, fignifying that the monks were to pay each year to the church of Budicumbe two fhillings on the feaft of St. Michael in lieu of all tithes from the feven acres of land which Walter de Budicumbe' gave to the monks in alms. Grants hy Abbot Alan on behalf of the Convent. No. 69 is the deed of Abbot Alan^ granting to Jordan, fon of Ralph, all that freehold land in Salifbury (Salefbiri), near that which is in the fee of the abbefs of Rumfey, which the monks held by the will of Henry Kais. The faid land was to be held on payment of eleven fhillings and an obolus in four inftalments. No. 70 is the deed of Abbot Alan granting to Godfrid Mog and his heirs the land which is between the land of the canons (canonicorum) and. the land of Walter Crucche in the fmith's hamlet on payment of three fhillings annually. Grants by Abbot Richard on behalf of the Convent. Befides Abbot Alan the only other Flaxley abbot referred to in the Flaxley Cartulary is Abbot Richard,' and ten of the documents recorded in the Cartulary appear to have been executed by him on behalf of the convent. No. 40 is the deed of Abbot Richard granting to Robert the chaplain, fon of Ofmond of Neweham, that " foldagium " in Neweham which Ofmond gave to the church in alms, on payment of twelve pence annually. No. 41 is the grant of Abbot Richard to John le Irmongere of the land in' Neweham received by the monks from Ernaldus the forefter, on payment of two fhillings per annum. No 42 is the grant of Abbot Richard to John, fon of Aidanus, of half the land which belonged to Agnes, on payment of twenty-one pence per annum. ^ For grants of Walter de Budicumbe fee p. 72, ante. 2 For notices of Abbot Alan, fee Notes, p. 65 and 71 ante. It is noticed in the Waverley Annals that Alan, formerly monk of Bordefley, fucceeded Abbot Waleran at Flaxley in 1187, on the occafion of the general vifitation of the Ciltercian abbeys. " The Abbot Richard of the Flaxley Cartulary is not apparently mentioned anywhere elfe. His approximate date feems to have been about a.d. 1200 The earlieft regifLer of the bifliops Of Hereford fliU extant, is that of Thomas de Cantelupe, commencing a.d. 1275. Abbot Richard of Flaxley was certainly inflalled before that date, probably about the year 1200, as it appears that all his grants in which the date is mentioned were executed about that time. JFlaxlcy ^ftfaeg. "Tj No. 43 is the grant of Abbot Richard to Roger de Paris, of the land in Gloucefter held by the monks by the deed of Henry Kais, on payment of two {hillings a year. No. 48 is the grant of Abbot Richard to Richard de Bofco of four acres of land in Dimmoc from their newly reclaimed lands (effartis) on payment of eight pence per annum. No. 49 is the grant of Abbot Richard of Flaxley to William de Monafterio of Dimmoc, of that " menfuram" which lay between the burial ground and the water, with the adjoining croft and meadow, on payment of two fhillings and fix pence per annum. - No. 51 is the grant of Abbot Richard to John, fon of Leweric, brother of Faremon, of the land which Faremon gave to the abbey in alms on payment of twelve pence a year. No. 52 is the grant of Abbot Richard to Walter de la Barra of the meffuage in Neweham which Roger de Boyville gave to the abbey in perpetual alms, on payment of two fhillings a year. No. 75 is the grant of Abbot Richard to Ofbern, fon of Walter de Wich, of all the land which belonged to Brother Alured, formerly in the fervice of Margaret, wife of Herbert, fon of Ernaldus, son of Cutelb, which Margaret gave to Alured for his fervice, and which is fituated between the land of Ernaldus and Walter le Hore in the fmith's place, on payment of three fhillings a year. No. 97 is the deed of "Brother R. called Abbot of Flaxley," afligning to Ernaldus de Cutberleg five (hillings a year for his life. It is probable that " Brother R." is the fame Abbot Richard whofe grants have been juft noticed. In nearly all the above grants fpecial provifion againft aUenation is inferted, and in three of the grants, Nos. 40, 52 and 75, Abbot Richard fpecially records that the abbey feal was not put to the deeds becaufe of the perfidy of the Jews (proper perfidiam Judeorum).' 1 On this fubject Sir Thomas Phillipps calls attention to Inquifitio de perfidia Judeorum in HarL MSS., No. 79. Manaffer, Jew of Briflol, is prominently noticed in Cart, Nos. 81, 82, 84. On the fubject of debts to Jewifh money lenders, temp. Richard I and John, fee Capitula de Judaeis, A.D. 1 194, in the Proceedings on the Judicial Vifitation, and articles 10 and 11 of the Great Charter of Liberties commonly called Magna Charta, a.d. 1215.— (Stubb's "Documents illuftrative of Englifli Hiflory " pp 254 and 290. 78 jFlaxleg ^ftfteg. Agreement between Abbot Richard and William the Hermit. No 25 is the record of the agreement made between Abbot Richard on behalf of the convent of Flaxley and William the hermit, ftating that at the many prayers of many perfons he, Abbot Richard, had undertaken the charge of the chapel of Hardlande and the fupport of William the hermit of that place, who was to receive from the abbey all things neceffary for his food and clothing. This deed was witneffed by Lord William Bifhop of Hereford, at whofe advice and in whofe prefence the deed was executed, and who attefted the deed with his epifcopal feal. The deed was alfo witneffed by Richard the Dean, and by the chapter of Flaxley. It has been already noticed at p. 40 ante that a royal order was addreffed to John de Monmouth, conftable of St. Briavell's, in the fifth year of Henry HI,' commanding him to allow the abbot of Flaxley to hold in peace the "hermitage of Erdlond" as he had been accuftomed to hold it in the time of King John. Hardlande and Erdlond are no doubt the fame. In the fifteenth year of Edward I an inquifition was held regarding a complaint of the abbot of Flaxley who alleged that certain miners had difcovered a mine in his' land at " Ardlonde." The abbot is fl;ated to have removed the miners and to have filled up the pit with earth and ftones.^ Witnesses. The voluminous lift of perfons who are named as witneffes in the Flaxley Cartulary is of much intereft as fhowing who were the perfons of chief local importance at the time when the various deeds, grants, &c., were executed. The following names which appear over and over again fuggeft that the owners muft have been on very intimate terms with the Flaxley monks, Roger de Weftbury, Roger de Ardern, Baderun de Blechedun (Bkifdon), Henry de Mineriis, Galfrid de Dene, Leweric Reeve of Neweham, Robert Tholi of Gloucefter, Walter Clerk of Aure, William de Heliun, Adam fon of Fulco Gilbert and Walter de Budicum, Mafter Galfrid le Bel, and Godfrey Chaplain of Ercnet. Of thefe Henry de Mineriis and Galfrid de Dene have already been noticed amongft the benefactors. They both affigned to the monks in perpetual alms fome of their own land in Caftiard, and appear to have been very near 1 Rot. Clau., 5 Hen. Ill, m. 20. (Index, p. 441, Printed Clofe Rolls.) - See p. 42, ante. Jlaxlra ^6&cg, 79 neighbours. The name of Walter Map appears as a witnefs in Charters, Nos. lo and 54, and the date of the latter deed is given as a.d. 1195. Query — Can this Walter Map be identified with the well known author of the De nugis Curialibus, who is known to have held among other preferments the jicarage of Weftbury-on-Severn in Gloucefterfhire ? At Weftbury-on-Severn Walter Map muft have been a near neighbour of the Flaxley monks, and the appearance of his name amongft the witneffes would be fatiffactorily accounted for ; but I am doubtful whether this hypothefis can be reconciled with the date quoted, A.D. 1195.' Several members of the Berkley family are noticed amongft the witneffes. Alfo William and Philip, fons of William de Braofe, Bertram de la Mara, Helias Giffard, Berta and James de Monmouth (Monemuta), Philip de Burci and his fons, belides many others of whom a complete lift will be found in the Index. Papal Bulls of Privilege. The Cartulary contains two Papal bulls of privilege, Nos. '-]'] and 79, the former by Pope Celeftine III, dated 1192, the latter by Pope Alexander III. It is mentioned in a note on the laft named inftrument that Flaxley abbey poffeffed two other bulls of privilege granted by Pope Alexander III, befides one by Pope Eugenius, which three were not infcribed on the Cartulary roll. The total number of Papal bulls of privilege granted to Flaxley abbey is fpecially ftated to have been five. I have found, however, at page 58 of Bifhop Cantelupe's regifter at Hereford one additional bull of protedlion granted by Pope Innocent ; and as Biftiop Cantelupe's regifter commences in A.D. 1275, it feems probable that the Cartulary was written before that date. Both of the bulls granted to the Flaxley monks by Pope Celeftine III and Pope Alexander III, provide for fpecial immunity from tithes. The former bull regulated the relations that were to exift between the abbey and the Biftiop of Hereford, in whofe diocefe the abbey was fituated, and feems to have been mainly intended to provide againft undue epifcopal interference or exactions. The bull of Pope Alexander III relates almoft entirely to the fubject of tithes, pains and penalties being threatened againft any one who ftiould prefume to levy tithes from the monks of Flaxley. Catalogue of Books, It has been noticed at page 60 above that this catalogue of books has already ^ See page 20, note 2. 8o jFlaxIcy ^btieg. been publifhed, having apparently been communicated by the late Sir Thomas PhilUpps to the Royal Society of Literature about 1825. Provifion for the fupport of the abbey library was made from the grant of Gilbert de Monmouth, who affigned to the monks of Flaxley five Ihillings from the proceeds of the mill of Ope (Hope) for the purchafe of wine for the facrament, with a provifion that any furplus might be devoted, with the confent of the whole chapter, to the repair of books. The catalogue of books is an interefting monaftic relic. Of the books themfelves no trace is known to remain. They were probably difperfed and perhaps defi;royed when the abbey was fuppreffed, in 1536, and granted to Sir William Kingffcon. As might be expected, all the books appear from the catalogue to be of a devotional character, and to confifl; of fermons, homilies, and reflections on facred fubjects. Jlaxleg ^bbeg. 8i PART III. EXTRACTS FROM THE REGISTERS OF THE BISHOPS OF HEREFORD, STATE PAPERS, &c. It has been already ftated at page 15 above, that thefe extradls are feven in number, fix of which relate to the inftitution of the various Abbots named below, and the remaining extradl being a bull of Pope Innocent granting fpecial protection to Flaxley abbey. The oldeft regifter of the fee of Hereford ftill extant is that of Thomas de Cantelupe commencing a.d. 1275,' 3 Edward I. This date, it will be obferved, is about one hundred and twenty-five years after the foundation of Flaxley abbey. The abfence of the earlier regifbers deprives us of our chief fource of information regarding the names and dates of the earlier Flaxley abbots, and fuflficiently accounts for the imperfedt lifl; of abbots hitherto handed down by Browne Willis and others. Register of Bishop Cantelupe, 1275 — 1282. In'the 6riginal regifter of Thomas de Cantelupe are two references to Flaxley abbey at pages 44 and 58, The extradt at page 44 is the profeflion of WiUiam abbot of Flaxley to Bifliop Cantelupe, dated February, 1277,^ promifing according to the cuftomary form " fubjection, reverence and obedience appointed by the holy fathers according to the rule of St. Benedict to thee. Lord Father, Bifhop Thomas and to thy fucceffors canonically inftituted, and to the holy fee of Hereford." The extra<5t at page 58 of Bifliop Cantelupe's regifter is referred to in the Index as a bull of protedlion. It purports to be made in the name of Pope 1 A letter of John le Bretun, Bifliop of Hereford, dated "decimo Kalendas Aprilis'' 1271, addreffed to the abl?ot and convent of St. Peter's at Gloucefler, written at Flaxley, is printed in Hift. et Cart. Mon. St. Petri, GIouc. Vol. ii, p. 222. 2 There appears to be no date given on the extract in quellion, but the date quoted is that of the preceding extract. M 82 JIaxlc2 ^bftcg. Innocent and is dated in the fixth year of his reign. The MS. confifts of twenty-feven and a-half lines written in a clear and diflindt chara(5ler, but I regret that I have not had the opportunity of making a tranfcript.^ Among the ancient charters in the Harleian colle6lion is one marked 43 A. 39. Innocentii Papae Epiftola Epifcopo Hereford[enfi] fcripta pro capella ante portum monafterii de Flaxleye anno pontifical. xi°. Register of Bishop Swinfield^ 1282 — 1316. Thomas de Cantelupe was fucceeded as Bifliop of Hereford by Richard Swinfield, during whofe epifcopate two abbots were formally inftalled at Flaxley abbey. At page 53 of Bifhop Swinfield's regifter is the " profeffion of brother Nicholas abbot of Flaxley which he made to Xord Richard by the grace of God Bifhop of Hereford in his chapel of Bofbury on the Lord's day next before the feaffc of St. Margaret, Virgin and Martyr, to wit the 15th of the Kalends of Auguft in the year of our Lord 1288. " I brother Nicholas abbot of Flaxley promife, faving our order, that I will conftantly fhow the fubje6lion, reverence, and obedience appointed by the holy fathers according to the rule of St. Benedi6l, to thee Lord Father, Bifhop Richard, and to thy fuccelTors canonically inftituted, and to the fee of Hereford."^ At page 189 of the fame bifhop's regifter we find a fhort entry dated 1 The two references noted to Bifhop Cantelupe's regifler apparently efcaped the notice of Rudder who has furnifhed a Ufl of some of the references to Flaxley abbey in the epifcopal regiflers at Hereford. The omiffion is important, as one of the references relates to the inflitution of an abbot of Flaxley hitherto unnoticed by antiquaries. The bull of Pope Innocent has been noticed above at page 81 in connexion with the other Papal bulls relating to Flaxley abbey. In Dugdale's Mon. Angl. (Ed. 1825), Vol. V, pp. 228 to 236, will be found the text of feventeen Papal bulls granting various privileges to the Ciflercian order of monks. Five of thefe -bulls were granted by Pope Innocent IV. 8 This extract from Bifhop Swinfield's regifler is quoted by the Rev. John Webb in his "Abflradl and Illuflrations of Bifliop Swinfield's Houfehold Roll," printed by the Camden Society in 1853-4. In this charming work an interefling defcription is given of one of Bifliop Swinfield's vifitation tours. Amongfl. other places he vifited Flaxley, which is thus defcribed, p. cxxxviii : — " A fliort turn brought them to Flaxley, March 8 (1289) where they lodged in the Ciflercian abbey of that name, feated according to the fafhion of that order in the bofom of a woody vale. It was fubjedt to the bifhop, and in the fuperior of that houfe he met with one to whom he had given his paftoral benedidlion on eleflion and confirmation a few months before. The form of this ceremony on the part of the abbot, here tranflated from the original, is preferved as if by way of precedent in the regifter of the fee." For the account of Bifliop Swinfield's household expenfes at Flaxley, fee page 61 of printed roll. Jlaxleg ^66^$. 83 17th 06lober, 13 14, ftating that William de Rya was inftalled as abbot of Flaxley in the Bilhop's chapel of Bofbury, the bifhop celebrating the mafs. The following extradl from Leland (Itin. viii, p. 70) fhows that Bifhop Swinfield died at Bofbury, a.d. 13 16, and was buried in his own cathedral at / Hereford : — "Richard Swinefield obiit Anno Dom. 1316 die 5. Gregorii Pont. Ro. apud Bofburie. Sedit annis 34. Sepultus eft pompa max. in Herefordenfi ecclefia." Register of Bishop Courteney, 1360 — 1375. No reference to Flaxley appears in the regifter of the four following Bifhops of Hereford who fucceeded Richard Swinfield, viz., Adam de Orleton (1317-1327), Thomas Chorlton (1327-1344), John de Trilleck (1344-1361), Ludovic Charlton (1361-1369) ; but in the regifler of the following Bifhop William Courtenay (1369-1375) I find another reference to Flaxley at page 11. This entry relates to the inftallation of Richard Peyto (Payto) and is to the following effedl : — "6 July, 1372. At Sugwas Lord Richard Payto was elei« additis in verbis, falvo jure ordine noftro. Prefentibus dominis Tho. Peyto. Thoma de Breynton et Hugone Frene vicariis chori ecclefiae cathedralis Hereford, et aliis." ^4 jFlaxleg aatreg. Register of Thomas Spofford^ 1422- 1448. After William Courtenay no entry occurs in the regi^ler of any of the following bilhops : John Gilbert (1375-1389), John Trefnant (13B9-14P4), Robert Mafcall (1404-1417), Edmund Lacey (1417-1420), Thomas Polton (1420- 1422), but in the regifter of the following Bifliop Thom.as SpoSbrd (1422-1448) at page 107' I find the following entry : " 14 April, 1426. In the monaftery of Flaxley before the high altar brother William, monk of the faid Monaftery, was confecrated as Abbot, who made his profeflion of obedience in form of words following : I brother WiUiam, monk of the monaftery of Flaxley, ordained Abbot, promife before God fidelity, fubjedlion, obedience, reverence to thee, Bilhop of Hereford and to thy fucceflbrs canonically inftituted, faving the rights of our order." Register of Richard May hew, 1504- 1539. After Thomas SpoflFord no entry occurs in the regifter of Richard Beauchamp (1448-1452), John Stanbury (1452-1474), and Thomas Mylling ( 1 474-1 504) ; but in the regifter of Richard Mayhew (1504- 1539) ^t page 45 occurs the following : — " 16 December, 1509, the Lord Bifhop conferred his benedidtion on the Abbot of Flaxley who promifed reverence and fubje6tion and obedience in form of words following : — I brother John, Abbot of Flaxley, of the Ciftercian order, promife to thee Lord, Father, Biftiop of Hereford, and to thy fucceflbrs canonically inftituted, and to the holy See of Hereford, fubjedtion, reverence and obedience appointed by the holy fathers according to the rule of St. Benedict, faving the rights of our order." This is the laft entry relating to Flaxley abbey which is noted in the index to the original regifters of the diocefe of Hereford. Two other Flaxley abbots are known to have been inftalled before the diffolution, viz. William Beaudley in 1528 during the epifcopate of Charles Booth, and Thomas Were or Ware, the laft abbot in 1532; but no reference to either of thefe abbots can be found in the original regifters at Hereford. Their names are mentioned 1 The corredt reference to the page of Thomas Spofiford's regifter is that given in Arabic ' characters, thus 107. The fame page is alfo numbered in Roman numerals as cxiiii. This fhould be noted in verifying the original extradl. iFIaxlES ^b|^^. 85 by Browne Willis^ and Stevens,* and a few additional particulars relating to them are given at p. 87, note i ^elow. l^Jo notice of the fuppreffion of Flaxley abbey, or of the events that acconipanied the diffolution, could be found in the epifcopal regifters at Hereford.* Berkeley^ Abbot of Flaxley. In addition to the Flaxley abbots noted above from the regifters of the Bifhops of Hereford my attention has been recently called to the name of another Flaxley abbot which appears in a mutilated deed in the Bodleian Library at Oxfprd. The deed in queftion " MS. Bodl. 88 " relates to an exchange of livings between " — Berkeley Abbas de Flaxley redlor ecclefiae parochialis de Rodmarton " and Nicholas Rewys " vicarius ecclefiae parochialis de Weftbury " in May 1476. The deed is attefted by John Rolues public notary.* Revised List of Flaxley Abbots. From the materials furnifhed in thefe notes the following revifed lift of Flaxley abbots is now fubmitted, with the authority for each name. 1. Waleran, refigned 1187. See Annales de Waverleia, Ann. Mon., Vol. ii., p. 245. 2. Alan, formerly monk of Bordefley, elected Abbot of Dene 1187 on the refignation of Abbot Waleran. See Annales de Waverleia, Ann. Mon., Vol ii., p. 245. See alfo Flaxley Cartulary, Nos. 31, 44, 69, 70. 3. Richard, Abbot, circ 1200. Flaxley Cartulary, Nos. 40, 41, 42, 43, 48, 49. 51, 52, 75- The Cartulary No. 97 alfo alludes to " Frater R. didlus Abbas de Flaxley." " Frater R." is prqbably the Abbot Richard above referred to. 4. WiUiam, Abbot, Feb., 1277 (?). Regifter Bifliop Cantelupe, p. 44. 5. Nicholas, Abbot, 1288. Regifter Bilhop Swinfield, p. 53. 6. William de Rya, Abbot, 1314. Regifter Bifhop Swinfield, p. 189. ' Mitred Abbeys, Vol. ii, p. 85. 2 Supplement to Notitia Monaftica, Vol. ii, p. 48. 8 All the references to Flaxley abbey noticed in the index to the Bifhop's regifters at Hereford have now been quoted. There may poffibly be other references to the abbey entered under other heads but I have had neither the time nor the opportunity for making fuch a fearch. * For this information I am indebted to an interefting note by Mr. Falconer Madan, publifhed at page 347> Vol. ii. of Glouc. Notes and Queries, No. dcelxxi. 86 Jlaxleg ^trireg. 7. Richard Payto (Peyto), Abbot, 1372. Regifter Bifliop Courtenay, p. 11. 8. William, Abbot, 1426. Regifter Bifliop SpofFord, p. 107. 9. — Berkeley, Abbot, 1476. MS. Bodl. 88. 10. John, Abbot, 1509. Regifter Bishop Mayhew, p. 45. 11. William Beawdley, Abbot, 1528. Wood's Fafti, quoted by Browne Willis and Stevens. 12. Thomas Were (Ware), Abbot, 1532. Laft Abbot of Flaxley : turned out at the fuppreflion of the Abbey in 1536, died at Aston Rowant, near Thame, in Oxfordfliire, 1546. Wood's Fafti, Browne Willis " Mitred Abbeys," and Stevens' " Notitia Monaftica." This lift is more complete than any which has been hitherto publiflied, but there are, obvioufly, many omiflions. The firft four Abbots of Flaxley named above, and Abbot Berkeley No. 9, have hitherto efcaped notice, and are not mentioned by Browne WiUis, Stevens, or Bifliop Tanner. Printed State Papers. It remains to notice briefly the few additional references to Flaxley Abbey which are recorded in the printed State Papers of the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII. At vol. i, p. 200, of the State Papers, entitled " Materials for the Hiftory of Henry VII," we have the following entry — " 1485, 6 Dec. Grant for life to Thomas Cvn' of the ofiice of one of the fergeants of the caftle of St. Briavell within the foreft of Dean, co. Glouc, and (as a falary in the fame ofiice) a yearly rent of 13s 4d which the abbot of the monaftery of St. Mary of Flaxley is bound to pay the king at the faid caftle at Michaelmas for a certain water mill called le New myll within the faid foreft, and all wages, fees, etc., such as Robert Hyett heretofore had. Also grant for life of the oflSce of Clerk of the Court of St. Briavells with wages, etc., fuch as the faid Robert heretofore had.' 5 Dec. P.S. No. 549, Pat. p. 2, m. 17 (9). At page 1047, vol. iii, part 2 (15 19 to 1523), of Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domeftic, Henry VIII, fedlion 2483, occurs the following entry — 1522. "An annual grant to be made by the Spiritualty for the king's perfonal expenfes in France for the recovery of the crown of the fame." Among the lift of Abbots appears an entry of " Flaxlee 40I," fliewing the annual grant made by the Abbot of Flaxley. JFlaxleg atbbeg. 87 On 7 Nov., 1514, a royal writ was addreffed to the Abbot of St. Peter's Monaftery, at Gloucefter, commanding him to receive the oath of William Kingffcon, Knight, who was appointed SheriflF of the county of Gloucefter. The original writ is printed in extenfo at p. 288, vol. iii, of Hift. et Cart. Mon., S. Peter, Glouc. Edited Mr. W. H. Hart. In Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domeftic, Hen. VH, 15 19 to 1523, occurs the following entry under the head of grants in April, 1522 — "Sir Wm. Kyngifton, knight for the body and Th. ap Gwilliam, ufher of the chamber, to be conftables of the caftle of St. Briavel in Dene Foreft, Glouc. during pleafure, with fees from the faid foreft and the lordfhip of Newlond S.B." Thefe entries are important as furniftiing fome explanation of the reafon why, at the fuppreffion of the leffer monafteries in 1536, the abbey and eftates of Flaxley were granted by the crown to Sir William Kingfton, who, both as flieriff for the county and as conftable of the caftle of St. Briavells, had held high office under the crown in the county of Gloucefter. In the same publication, vol. iv, part 2, 1526-1528, fe6lion 4096, page 181 1, occurs the following entry — " March 25, 1528, Circular addreffed to the Abbot of Flaxley and other abbots ftating that for her own better education and for the confolation of the King and Queen it has been ordered that the princefs ftiould refide near the King's perfon. As the Council of the Marches would be encumbered by having to move a great houfehold from place to place in her abfence, her officers and fervants have been allowed to go home. But as feveral of them are deftitute of houfes or friends to refort to, the Abbot is requefted to take of them in the meantime into your (stc) convenient finding." In the fame publication, vol. iv, part 2, 1526-1528, fedlion 6047, page 2701, occurs the following — " 1529. Lift of perfons fummoned to the convocation of the province of Canterbury arranged in diocefes : "Hereford dioc Will., Abbot of Flaxley, p. and by Abbot of Graces." The abbot referred to muft have been William Beawdley, who was inftalled as abbot of Flaxley in 1528. In 1532 William' Beawdley was fucceeded by Thomas' Were (Ware), laft 1 For notices of William Beawdley and Thomas Were (Ware), see Wood's Fafti, vol. i, p. 672 and 5-- yi2. vol. i, p. 677, "1528, June 28, Father William Beawdley Abbot of Flaxley of the Ciflercian order, opponent in divinity." Vol. i, p. 672, " Thomas Ware a monk of the Ciflercian order and fometime a fludent of St. Bernard's College in Oxon. He afterwards became the lafl Abbot of Flaxley in Gloucellerftiire in the place of W. Beaudley, and living to fee his houfe diffolved 88 Jlaxles Wiit^. Abbot of Flaxley. In 1536 was paffed the A6t for diffolving all the leffe monafteries and nunneries, namely, fuch as poffeffed less than ^200 per annum and on 4 Feb., 1536, Flaxley Abbey was diffolved, being granted in thi foUoTping year to Sir WiHia'm Kittgfton, who has been already noticed a conftable of St. Briavells in 15^2, and is well known as confbable of the Towe of London. Sir William Kingston^ first grantee of Flaxley Abbey ^ 1537- The grant to Sir William Kingfton was made by patent dated 26 March 28 Hen. VIII (1537), a copy of which is given in Appendix I, No. viii. Thi grant, it will be obferved, contains a claufe that Sir William Kingfton and hi heirs were to hold all the premifes " as fully as Thomas Were the late Abbo held the fame on the 4"" day of February, 27 Hen, VIII (1536)." • Thefe word appear to import that Flaxley Abbey ^tas dilTolved on the date mentioned 4th February, 1536 ; and this is the conftrudtion which has been placed or the words by Henry Hewlett, Efq., Q.C., who has had occafion, profeffionally to examine the original grant. The patent grants to Sir William Kingfton the houfe and fite of the lat( abbey or monaftery of Flaxley, in the county of Gloucefter, fuppreffec by authority of the Parliament, and all the church, bell tower, and buria ground (Ecclefiam, campanile et cemiterium;) of the faid monaftery, with al the abbey buildings and premifes, and the following demefnes, manors, etc,,— Flaxley " howfe," Goodriche, Clymperwell, Walmore, Blecheden, Arlinghan le Monken, Rewarden, Newland, Parva Dene, Newenham, Pulton, Dymmoc county Glouc, and the manor of Rochelbury in county Somerfet, togethe with all manorial and other rights pertaining thereto, in as full, entire, an( complete a manner as Thomas Were, late abbot of the faid abbey, enjoyec the fame on the 4th day of February, 27 Hen. VIII (1536), " adeo plene e integre ac in tam amplo m'odo et form^ prout quidam Thomas Were nupe Abbas ejufdem nuper Abbatiae quarto die Februarii anno regni noftr vicelimo feptimo aut antea habuit." Regarding the particulars of the fuppreffion very little is known. N acknowledgment of the royal fupremacy in 1534 or formal notice of th and himself and his brethren turned out thence, he retired to Aftbn ■ Rowaht near Thame in Oxc where, fpending the remaining part of his days in devotion and retiredne^s, he gave way at lengi to fate in a good old age, anno 1546, whereupon his body vvas buried in the yard belonging to tl Church there." iFlaxleg ^fthig- 89 diffolution is on record ; and even regarding the date of the fuppreffion there is no information except what may be deduced from the language of the grant to Sir William Kingfton. It is ftated, but on what authority is unknown, that at the time of the diffolution there were nine monks refident in Flaxley abbey. The monaftery was then valued according to Dugdale at ;^ii2 13s. id., and according to Speed at ^112 3s. id. From the note below it will be feen that Flaxley was the firft Gloucefterfhire abbey diffolved. Being a leffer monaftery within the meaning of the Act of 1536, its revenues being under ^200 a year, Flaxley abbey was one of the firft foundations to difappear. The other Gloucefterftiire abbeys named below' had a brief refpite till 1539. Foft)rooke,^ quoting from Rolls, Britilh Mufeum J. 14, notes that at the diffolution the abbey was charged with a corrody of £/[ 6s. 8d. per annum to Agnes Smith for life. Sir William Kingfton died 13th May, 1540, as appears from the infcription placed on his tomb in Painfwick church, Gloucefterfhire, where he was buried. This infcription is ftated by Anthony Wood to have been torn off from the tomb by foldiers in 1644, and to have fallen into the poffeffion of a defcendant of Sir William Kingfton's family from whom Anthony Wood obtained his information. The patent granted to Sir William Kingfton was, on his death, furrendered to the crown by his fon' and fucceffor Anthony, who is well known as Sir Anthony Kingfton, the Provoft Marftial notorious for his cruelty in the 1 The following dates of the diffolution of the various monafteries in Glouceflerfliire are taken from Brown Willis' " Mitred Abbeys "— Cirencefler 19 Dec. 1539 (Vol. i, p. 64.) St. Peter's, Gloucefter 2 Dec. 1539 (Vol. i, p. 117.) St. Augufline's, Briflol 9 Dec. 1539 (Vol. i, p. 229.) Hayles 24 Dec. 1539 (Vol. ii, p. 86.) Kingswood i Feb. 1539 (Vol. ii, p. 86.) (1539-40. ?) Lanthony 10 May 1539 (Vol. ii, p. 87.) Tewkefbury 9 Jan. 1539 (Vol. i, p. 186.) (1539-40. ?) Winchconjbe 3 Dec. 1539 (Vol. i, p. 213.) The following penfions are' noted by Browne Willis as paid to incumbents of Chantries, a.d. 1553 — Litile Dean, Will Pomfrey, Incumbent of Trinity Chantry, £,^ Michel Dean, Henry Hooper, Incumbent of Trinity Chantry, ;^4. Newland, George Wadham, Incumbent of St. Mary's Chantry, ;^4, and to Edward Service and Edward Fryor, £,/!^. Westbury, John Shawe, Incumbent of St. Mary s Chantry, £z 6s. 8d. 2 Fofbrooke, Hifl. of Glouc, Vol. ii, p. 177. 3 For the Kingfton pedigree fee paper on the Flaxley Grange in Littledean by Mr. W. C. Heane, printed in vol. vi, part 2, of the Tranfadlions of the Briftol and Gloucefterfhire Archaeological Society. 9° Jlaxleg ^fibeg. infurredlion of 15,49., He was one of the commiffioners appointed by the crown to fuperintend the execution, by burning,, of Bifhop Hooper, at Gloucefter, in 1555.' A new patent of the Flaxley eftates was granted to Sir Anthony Kingfton 11 Feb., 34 Hen, VHI (.1543). This patent alfo was furrendered on the ground, apparently, of fome informality or change required to be inferted ; and a new patent, dated 22 May, 36 Hen. VHI (1544), was finally granted to Sir Anthony Kingfton and his heirs. In form, and in nearly all the material particulars, it clofely refembles the grant made to Sir William Kingfton ; and, under thefe circumftances, it has not been confidered neceflary to furnish a copy in extenfo.^ Account of all existing Monastic remains at Flaxley. With the grant to Sir William Kingfton the monaftic hiftory of Flaxley abbey comes to. an end, and it only remains to notice briefly the few exifting remains that recall the former character of the building. Bigland, writing 1791, gives the following defcription of the abbey — "Early in the prefent century that part of this venerable pile which had been inhabited by the abbot and monks remained nearly perfedl. It was a low ftrudlure of great length, containing in front the refe6lory fixty feet long, twenty-five wide, but fourteen only in height ; the whole arched with ftone, with plain and maflive ribs interfedling the vault. The firft floor confifted of a very Idng gallery with which the dormitory or cells were conne6led, and at the south end a very fpacious apartment which is conjedlured to have been the abbot's chief room, or ufed for the aflembling of the convent. Thefe are certainly parts of the original ftru6lure, much of which 'was deftroyed by fire in 1777." This defcription has been adopted both by Archdeacon Rudge (Hiftory of Gloucefterfliire) and by the Rev. H. T. Nicholls in his notice of Flaxlev abbey in his work on the " Foreft of Dean," In the laft-named work will be found 1 For an account of the burning of Bifhop Hooper at Gloucefter, fee paper by Mr. John Bellows of Gloucefter, regarding the difcovery of the original' ftake near the fpot where the Hooper memorial now ftands, publifhed at p. 23, vol. vii of the Proc. Cottefwold Nat. Field Club. 2 In the Treafurer's Remembrancer's OfHce in the Exchequer are the following documents— {a) Flaxley. De Edwardo Kyngefton arm. et uxore occafionat. ad oftendendum quo titulo teneht domum et situm nuper monafterii de Flaxley. Hil. Rec, i Eliz., rot. 48. (p) Flaxley. De manibus regis amovendis de situ Mon. de Flaxley in Com. Glouc. et Antonio Kingfton liberando. Hil. Rec. 3, Jac. I, rot. no. PLATE in. 8.ft.C.B. ROOF OF ABBOT'S ROOM. JlaxUg ^iibes* 91 at p. 181 wood-cuts reprefenting the arched vaulting of the fo-called refedlory, and the open timber roof of the fpacious apartment alluded to by Bigland, which is generally known as the " Abbot's room." The wood cut reprefenting what is fuppofed to be the refedlory of the abbey is not confidered to be a very fucceflful reprefentation, the arches of the vaulting being more obtufe and flattened than as fhown in the fketch. The roof of the "Abbot's room" is as fhown in the accompanying Plate No. III. The vaulted chamber, fixty feet in length by twenty-five in width, has fince Bigland's time been ordinarily accepted as the ancient refedlory of the abbey ; but the authority for this opinion is not apparent. It is undoubtedly a part of the original monaftery and a building of great intereft, the architedture of which is of charadterifliic Ciftercian flyle, plain and maflive, with folid circular vaulting, refting on plain capitals. The building in queftion faces the weft, on which fide was the main road leading to the abbey. It feems doubtful from the ordinary ftandard arrangement of Ciftercian buildings as defcribed by Sharpe* and other authorities whether this weft chamber was really the abbey refedlory as fuggefted by Bigland. There is fome reafon for thinking that it was more probably the domus converforum, or quarters of the lay brethren, which in Ciftercian houfes ufually occupied a portion at leaft of the buildings on the weft fide of the cloifter court. It is probable that over this original chamber was the dormitory of the converfi or lay brethren leading into the fine room alluded to as the " Abbot's room." The walls of the vaulted chamber above defcribed, now ufed as the abbey kitchen and fervants' oflices, are of enormous thicknefs ; and the cellars adjoining, alfo a portion of the original abbey buildings, are of great intereft from their maflive conftrudlion and charadleriftic architedlural details. A good idea of the chamber referred to is obtained from the accompanying pidlure, Plate I., made from a careful drawing by Mr. E. B. Crawley-Boevey. The architedlure clofely refembles that of the Domus converforum in the abbey of Fountains as fliown in Mr. Sharpe's Plate VI., in Part I of his work on Ciftercian architedlure. Discovery of Monastic remains in 1788. With the exception of buildings referred to, the remainder of the prefent houfe is of modern conftrudlion, and no trace remains of the fite of the abbey church, or of any other portion of the original ftriidlure. Bigland, however, 1 Conf. The Architedlure of the Ciftercians, by Edmund Sharpe, M.A. E.F.N. Spon., London, 1874. 92 JFlaxlEB ^6ti«2* ftates "that in 1788 the fite and floor of the chapter house were difcovered at a fmall depth in the garden,' extending^ ■ about forty-five feet, and twenty- four wide ; at the upper end a circular ftone bench, and in the centre the carved bafe of a pillar. Seven cofiin lids of ftone were then found fculptured with ornamented crofles ; but upon one a right hand and arm holding a crofier, which circumftance imports it to have been the memorial of one of the abbots, as their ofiice had not the privilege, as that of bifhops, of conferring benediction." Bigland's account must have been written not long after the alleged difcovery was made ; and a plan of the remains, fhewing the circular ftone bench referred to by Bigland, together with the feven coffin lid-s and other carved ftone work, is ftill preferved at Flaxley Abbey. It is, however, much to be regretted that thefe moft interefting remains are no longer in fitu, having been removed in the courfe of certain alterations that were carried out about fifty years ago. The fite, however, of this difcovery is ftill marked by a fmall enclofure, ftones being placed on the furface to reprefent, approximately, the fize and Ihape of the remains difcovered feveral feet beneath the furface. Three out of the feven ftone coffin fids are placed in this enclofure, together with other carved ftones, bafes of pillars, etc., that were difcovered about the fame time when the excavation was made. The remaining four ftone coffin lids have difap- peared ; but meafurements and drawings of them ftill remain. The accompanying plates Nos. IV. and V. fhow the fhape and general defcription of the remains, difcovered in 1788, as related above by Bigland. The carved bafe of the pillar, difcovered amongft the remains at Flaxley, appears to be identical in fhape and pattern with the ruined pillars ftill exifting in the chapter houfe of Tintern Abbey.' Since the preceding remarks were written, an interefting paper has been prepared by Mr. J. Henry Middleton, F.S.A., on the exifting remains of Flaxley ^ In connedlion with the remains difcovered at Flaxley Abbey, in 1788, I find a note recorded in the handwriting of the late Sir Thomas Crawley-Boevey, ist Baronet, of Flaxley Abbey, to the following effect — " Underneath this fpot lie the bones of Nicholas, the firft. abbot of Flaxley, and fix monks buried anno domini 1288." The authority for this entry I have been unable to difcover. There was an abbot of Flaxley named Nicholas, inflalled 1288, but he was certainly not the firil abbot. Affuming that the coffin lids difcovered in 1788 were in fitu, it is not improbable that they belonged to various Flaxley abbots who alone had the privilege of interment in the chapter houfe of the monaflery. Monks and lay brethren were ufually buried in the cloifter garth; while no one under the rank of a bifliop might properly be buried in the abbey church. Conf. Monadicon Ciilercienfe, printed in Sharpe's Architecture of the Ciflercians. See however on this point Mr. Middleton, F.S.A., below. PLA T£ V. Zfts- Bins. Zfbs-Zins Zfts-3tns. *|f¥ mm. ■ 4S Peeb "by 24-, Remains discovered- 2788 . Entrance' — J _J , BROAO ST BRISTOL PLATE II. ARCH INTO WEST CLOISTER. , LITH, OROAD ST BRISTOL. iFlaxleg ^Hitreg. 93 abbey, in which it will be feen, he confirms the opinion expreffed above that the fine hall, now ufed as the kitchen and fervants' offices, and facing weft, cannot be the abbey refedtory, which according to the ufual Ciftercian plan, occupied with the buttery, kitchen, &c., the premifes adjoining the fouth walk of the cloifter. It is quite poffible, he thinks, that the fine room called by tradition the "Abbot's room" was in reality the refectory of the hofpitium or gueft's dining hall. Mr. Middleton's valuable paper, together with the accompanying plan fhowing the probable arrangement of the monaftic buildings, has been, by permiflion, extradled from the " Tranfa6lions of the Briftol and Gloucefter Archaeological Society,'" and is given below. The accompanying plates Nos. I. and III. fhowing the fine hall referred to above, and the roof of the Abbot's room are from fketches made by my brother, Mr. E. B. Crawley-Boevey. " There are no remains whatever of the abbey church above ground, though the foundations probably ftill exift. " Of the monaftic buildings, one block (or part of a block) only is ftill ftanding. This confifts of a fine hall, about fixty-five feet long by twenty-five feet wide, vaulted in five bays with fimple chamfered groin -ribs, fpringing from corbels, about five feet above the floor. The whole is very folid and plain, after the ufual Ciftercian falhion, and appears to have been built about A.D. 1200. This room {see Plan, Plate VI.) runs north and fouth. The windows, one in each bay, on the weft fide are much modernifed, but feem to be in the places of the original ones. At the fouth end of this hall there are two narrow parallel rooms, with plain barrel vaults.^ " On the eaft fide'' of the large hall there is a fine richly-moulded archway of Tranfitional character, and another fmaller doorway, further fouth. All other openings appear modern, and are not fhown on the plan. " It will be at once evident to any one who is acquainted with the Ciftercian plan that this -fine hall cannot be the monks' refedlory, or frater, as mediaeval writers called it {see Rites of Durham, cap. xxxix.'') The Ciftercian refec- torium opened out of the middle of the fouth cloifter walk, and was flanked on the eaft by the kitchen, and on the weft by the buttery. It was fet at 1 Vol. vi, part 2. * A good idea of this hall is obtained from plate No. III. which faces page 91. ' See plate No. II. facing p. 93. * Some confufion has been made by certain modern writers, who have called the Common-Houfe the Frater without any authority whatever ; in Ciftercian writings the common-house is called the calefadorium. 94 iFlaxleg aiJEtcg. right angles to this cloifter walk, and not parallel to it, as was the cafe with the refe<5tories of other orders, the fide of which generally occupies nearly the whole length of the cloifter from eaft to weft. " In a Ciftercian monaftery the cooking was done by the monks themfelves, who took this duty in turns : and not by regular paid cooks, as in moft other monaftic orders. For this reafon, probably, the refedtorium was turned round, fo as to allow room on each fide of it for the kitchen and buttery, clofe up againft the main cloifter, which formed the living room of the monks. " It is, I think, quite clear that the exifting hall, with its range of windows on the weft, and its doors on the eaft, was part of that great weftern range of buildings which formed fo important a part of every Ciftercian monaftery. "This range has been called by Mr. Sharpe thedomus converforum, but it would be better I think to keep to the old nomenclature, and call it, as the Ciftercians themfelves did, the cellarium. " The cellarium was not one building, but a whole range of buildings, and was fo called becaufe it was under the fpecial fupervifion of the cellerarius, who, next to the abbot, was the moft important man in a Ciftercian houfe. He managed all the worldly affairs of the abbey, received all money, and bought the neceffary fupplies of food. Under his charge were all the converfi, or working lay brothers, and he was alfo the fupervifor of all arrangements for the reception of guefts. " The hofpitium, in fa6l, was part [i.e., the fouthern part) of the cellarium, while the converfi, and the cellerarius himfelf, with his officers, occupied the northern part — the divifion, that is, neareft to the church. " Of this great range the exifting hall at Flaxley is certainly a part, but what its fpecial use was it is now impoffible to fay ; it may have been a refedlorium for the converfi, or poffibly a place where fome of their indoor labours were carried on. " The narrow rooms at the fouth end of the hall are probably a neceffarium ■ the drain with a ftream of water being carried through the narrower two divifions. This precife arrangement may be feen in almoft every exifting Ciftercian abbey. It fhould be noticed that the eaft wall of the hall is of the enormous thicknefs of eight feet, while that on the weft is only about fix feet thick. The reafon for this evidently was that, as the weft walk of the cloifter came againft the eaft wall of this hall, it was impoflible to have projecting buttreffes. While the oppofite wall was free, and fo could have a thinner wall with a buttrefs to each bay. " Over the hall itfelf there appears to be no early work remaining, but over PLATE Vf. FLA\X(LEY Amet, Plan showing probable arrangement. Tf]e Blacl\sh|oWs fch|e parb still exisbir|g. Ab tl]epoir]bA,paVerT|eqt&Vaultiq^ sf]affcs hjaVe beeqfouqd. '(■-- -- -RANGE OF CELUARIUM BUTTERY Ac. REFECTORY KITCHEN «o (coquiNA). WEST WALK OF CLOISTER. MAIN CLOISTER GARTH. 4. v_^ ^* -- :^^ \ EAST WALK OF CLOISTER CALEFACTOR1UM OR COMMON HOUSE. CHAPTER HOUSE. A8BEV CHURCH. NAVE. S. TRANSEPT N. TRANSEPT WITH THE RETRO-CHORUS CHORUS CONVERSOHUM. THIS SPACE WOULD BE OCCUPIED BY THE INFIRMARY BUILDINGS,- /NCLUDING A CLOISTER GREAT HALL, CHAPEL ANO DOMESTIC BUILDINCS WITH KITCHEN AND OFFICES COMPLETE. = AND PROBABLY IN LATE ft TIMES THE Abbots Lodging. THE MONKS CHOIR. SCALE OF FEET. 20 W sp 60 10 80 BO 100 I/O /SO 130 m> ISO 160 no /go 190 200 J. HENRY MIDDLETOH, F.S.A. Zavara.Litho. SlBroad. Street. Bristol. JFIaxlcg ^hbcg. 95 the neceffarium there is a very fine room, about forty feet by fixteen feet, with a handfome open roof of late fourteenth century work. This roof, which is very well preferved, has arched and moulded principals, with braces curved and cufped, and wall pieces coming down on to fmall ftone corbels.^ " There is a good cornice about fixteen feet above the floor. At the weft end of the room there is a large pointed window, which has loft all its tracery, and been much modernifed. Tradition calls this the " Abbot's room ;" but it is much more probable that it was the refedtory of the hofpitium, or gueft's dining hall. It is now fitted up as a library. In early times, that is during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, ' while the ftridlnefs of the Ciftercian rule ■■ . . ...(■■ remained in full force, the abbot had no fpecial rooms. He flept in the common dortor with all his monks , and dined with the better clafs of guefts in the refe6lory of the hofpitium. In later times, when Ciftercian abbots began to have fpecial apartments fet apart for them, the place chofen for the abbot's lodgings feems to have been far away to the eaft of the monaftic buildings. "With the Ciftercians, juft as with the Benedictines, the infirmary buildings were a very large and important range, including a cloifter, large infirmary hall and a chapel. Confiderable remains of this range exifl: at Rievaulx, Fountains, and many other Ciftercian abbeys. There feems no doubt that the later abbots occupied part of the infirmary buildings, which are always to the eaft of the main cloifter, and are reached from it by the paiTage which adjoins the auditorium (fee Plan, Plate No. VI.) " In the prefent garden there are three fine ftone cofiin-lids of thirteenth or fourteenth century work ; two of them are carved with abbots' croziers. Thefe and a quantity of vaulting fhafts are faid to have be^n found at, or near, the fpot where they new lie — marked A on the plan — and this is traditionally the fite of the Chapter houfe ; which it very well may be. It was the Ciftercian cuftom to bury their abbots in the Chapter houfe — no one under the rank of a biftiop being allowed to be buried in the church. The monks were interred — never in the cloifter garth, as fome writers have afTerted — but in their own cemetery to the eaft of the church.^ " I ftiould wifti to record my thanks to Sir Thomas and Lady Crawley-Boevey for their kindnefs in allowing me to examine thoroughly their houfe in rriy fearch for the remains of the abbey buildings." 1 See plate No. III. facing page 91 above. 2 See note (i) on page 92 above. 9^ iflaxleg ^fibeg. Original deeds of Thomas Were, last abbot of Flaxley. With the exception of the buildings ftill in fitu, above defcribed, the only remaining relics of the monaftic period are two original deeds, both executed by Thomas Were, the laft abbot of Flaxley, and the abbey feal, of which fome account mull be given. The firft of thefe original deeds is dated 8th December, 25 Hen. VIII (1534), and purports to be made between Thomas Were, abbot of the monaftery of Flaxley, and John Hayll, of Borfley, relating to the reverfion of a tenement called the Wake mill, and other premifes, lands, etc., belonging to the abbey of Flaxley. The fecond deed is dated 21ft April, 26 Hen. VIII (1535), between Thomas Were, abbot, on the part of the convent of Flaxley, and William Tanner,' otherwife called William Mors, relating to the reverfion of a tenement with garden, in Little Dean, on payment of a fum of twelve pence on the feaft of the Annunciation and St. Michael the Archangel. Both of the deeds are of an ordinary charadter. Their date fhows that they were both of them executed juft before the diffolution of the abbey and the grant to Sir William Kingfton. Both deeds are in good prefervation, and to the firft is ftill attached the abbot's original feal. From the fecond deed the feal has difappeared. Flaxley Abbey Seal. Befides the original feal juft referred to belonging to the owner of Flaxley Abbey, two feals of Flaxley abbots have been found in the Public Record Office ; and another Flaxley feal is faid to be attached to the document in the Britilh Mufeum, noticed at p. 57 above ; and is entered in the Seal Catalogue of the Mufeum as 75 A, 37. The original feal at Flaxley abbey is attached to the deed of 8th December, 1534, executed between Abbot Thomas Were and John Hayll of Borfley. It reprefents two figures feated fide by fide under a canopy. The legend is no longer legible ; and portions of the feal have altogether difappeared. Of the two feals relating to Flaxley Abbey now in the Public Record Office, one from the Weftminfter Chapter Houfe Re('ords is entered in the Seal catalogue under the following heading : — 1 A perfon of the name of William Tanner is referred to in Valor Ecclefiaflicus under the head of Parva Deane, p. 49. , " Flaxley (Glouc), Abbot of, A remife of Land by W"- Abbot of Box^ie Flaxley to Hugo Defpenfer and his heirs. 10 Ed. 2. (1316-17.) Seal of red wax, perfe6l." The other feal is attached to a document from the Duchy of Lancafter Records, and is thus referred to at page 34 of the thirty-fifth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records dated 2nd March, 1874, in an Index to Clafs X (Grants in Boxes) of the Duchy of Lancafter Records. " No. 367. A.D. 13 1 5. Obligation from the abbot and convent of Flaxleye in Gloucefterlhire, to the Lord Henry de Lancaftre, to receive two clerks on the prefentation of the fame Henry and his heirs, for the perpetual celebration for the fouls of Edmund, fon of King Henry and Blanche, his wife, fometime Queen of Navarre. Flaxleye on Friday next" before the feaft of St, Laurence the Martyr (8th Auguft), 9 Edw. H. (13 15- 16) — part of feal," This deed purports to be executed by " Frater Willelmus dei gratia Abbas de Flaxleye;" and the portion of the feal ftill attaching to the deed, exadtly refembles the perfedt feal ftill attaching to the document from the Weftminfter Chapter Houfe records. Both deeds were apparently executed by the fame Flaxley Abbot — ^William de Rya, one in the ninth and one in the tenth year of King Edward H, viz, 1315 and 1316, The deed of 10 Ed, IT, from the Weftminfter Chapter Houfe, runs as follows : "Omnibus Chrifti fidelibus prefens fcriptum vifuris et audituris frater Willelmus Abbas de Flaxleye et ejusdem loci conventus falutem in domino fempiternam. Noverit univerfitas veftra nos unanimi affenfu et voluntate pro nobis et fuc- cefforibus noftris remififfe et quietum clamafle domino Hugoni Defpenfer et heredibus fuis totam terram et communam omnimodam quam habuimus infra parcum didli Domini Hugonis infra bofcum de Calveleye quod eft infra parcum de Lamufardere fine uUo retenemento noftro et fuccefforum noftrorum in perpetuum. Ita quod nos nee fucceffores noftri aliquid juris vel clamii in predi6ta terra communam quamcunque de cetero exigere potuimus in perpetuum fed per prefentes undique fumus exclufi. In cujus rei teftimonium prefenti fcripto figillum noftrum commune eft appenfum. Hiis teftibus Domino Willelmo Tracy milite, Johanne Jorge, Galfrido de Wefton et multis aliis. Datum in capitulo noftro de Flaxleye die exaltationis fandlae crucis Anno Regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi decimo. The feal attached to this deed is as defcribed in the official catalogue in per- fedt condition. It reprefents an abbot ftanding erect under a canopy, flightly ornamented, with a paftoral ftaff in his right hand, and holding with his left a book on his breaft furrounded by the legend S. Abbatis de Flaxle. o 98 iFtolcg 3C6trc2» The counter feal is a hand with a paftoral ftafF and other ornaments, viz., a fleur- de-lis, &c., furrounded by the words Contra Sigill Abbatis de Flaxle.^ Reprefentations of the feal and counter feal are here fhown from calls taken by Mr. W. Ready of the Britifli Mufeum. In addition to the three original Flaxley feals defcribed above, a fourth feal is faid to be attached to an original document in the Britilh Mufeum, and the feal is mentioned in the Seal Catalogue of the Mufeum as 75 A, 37. The Abbot of Flaxley appears as one of the attefting witnefles to the deed of reconciliation briefly defcribed at page 57 above, and the abbot's feal, together with feveral others, is faid to be appended to the original deed. The feal in quefl;ion I have endeavoured with the afliftance of the Mufeum authorities to identify, but without fuccess. Moft of the feals are fo much injured as to be illegible. In another department of the Britifh Mufeum I was fucceflful in obtaining from the Doubleday coUedlion of Mr. Robert Ready two excellent impreflions of feals alleged to relate to Flaxley abbey. I. Seal of a Flaxley abbot (1338) alleged to have been taken from a charter in the Duchy of Lancafter records. This feal appears to correfpond exadlly with the feal defcribed above, of which a reprefentation has been given. It ^This feal is delcribed in almoft identical terms at p. 179 of Nichol's "Foreft. of Dean." It is alfo referred to in a work entitled "CoUecSanea Glocellrienfia, being a catalogue of Books, trads, prints, coins, &c., relating to the county of Gloucefler in the poffeffion of John Delafield Phelps, Efq., of Chevenage Houfe." At page 167 of this work, reference is made to two Flaxley feals, one from the Chapter House of Weftminfter Records, and one from the records of the Duchy of Lancafter. The latter is doubtlefs the fame as the imperfecft feal alluded to above, which is attached to the deed of 9 Edw. II, from the Duchy of Lancafter records. was doubtlefs taken from the fame charter which has been already defcribed ; but there is a difcrepancy about the date which ftiould apparently be 13 16-17, inftead of 1338. 2. Seal of the abbey of St. Mary of Dene reprefenting the Virgin ftanding eredt with the infant Saviour in her arms under an ornamental canopy with the legend S. Abbatisse Sce Marie deanne. It feems to be very doubtful whether this fecond feal belongs to Flaxley at all. Sir John Maclean, F.S.A., who has been good enough to examine a caft of the feal, has expreffed a decided opinion that it does not. The legend, fo far as it can be deciphered, feems to difclofe clearly the word ABBATISSE, but the concluding word is doubtful. The feal is apparently that of fome abbess, and has, I think, no connexion whatever with Flaxley abbey. Rank and Status of Abbots of Flaxley. AUufion has already been made to the fadl that Flaxley abbey was under the jurifdidtion of the Bifhops of Hereford, and was included amongft the leffer monafteries whofe revenues were lefs than ;^200 per annum. Under thefe cireumftances it is not altogether eafy to underftand why Sir Robert Atkyns, Rudder, and others, have expreffed the opinion that Flaxley was a " Mitred abbey," a term of much fignificance in ecclefiaftical nomenclature. Sir Robert Atkyns thus writes at p. 4, of the "Hiftory of Gloucefterfliire." " All abbeys which had mitres,^ had them by grant from the Pope ; but they held their baronies folely and immediately of the King. There were fix mitred abbeys in this county, Gloucefter, Cirencefter, Tewkefbury, Winchcomb, Hailes and Flaxley, three of which Gloucefter, Cirencefter and Winchcomb were peeral, and held place in Parliament until their diffolution, and even the abbots of the other monafteries were fometimes anciently fummoned to Parliament, as the abbot of Flaxley in the reign of Edward I, the abbot of Hailes in the reigns of Edward I and II, and the abbot of Tewkeft)ury in the reigns of Henry III, Edward I and II." Unlefs it can be fhown that Flaxley abbey received from the Pope the grant of a mitre, it is not apparent why Flaxley is included by Atkyns amongft the mitred abbeys of Gloucefterftiire. No fuch grant is on record in the Cartulary, nor is there, fo far as I am aware, any evidence in fupport of the ftatement that Flaxley was a mitred abbey. The term " mitred abbey," as ordinarily ufed by ecclefiaftical hiftorians, feems to have involved two important rights, firft, the right of exemption 100 jFlaxlcg ^tiheg. from epifcopal jurifdidtion, and fecondly, the right of the abbot to fit in Parliament. Cowel fays of abbots, " Such as were mitred were exempted from the jurifdidtion of the diocefan, having themfelves epifcopal authority within the fame limits." Godolphin, in Report Eccl, writes to the fame effeiSt. In another place Cowel in alluding to mitred abbots, thus writes — " Thefe abbots were not called to Parliament becaufe they were mitred, but becaufe they received their temporals from the king." In Fuller's "Church Hiftory," where a fpecial fedtion is devoted to the fubjedt, " of fuch abbots who attained to be Parliamentary Barons," the term "mitred abbot" is limited to thofe abbeys in which the abbot enjoyed the right of fitting in Parhament, and of exemption from epifcopal fupervifion (fee pp. 292 to 296). Such abbots were called abbots general or abbots fovereign, as acknowledging no fuperior. Bifliop Tanner in the preface to his "Notitia Monaftica," p. xvi, note v, fl;ates that exemption from their diocefan, being honoured with the mitre, and called to Parliament, certainly depended upon different royal grants, for feveral abbots are known to have enjoyed one privilege without the other. The fa6l that the abbot of Flaxley was feveral times fummoned to Parliament' in the reign of Edward I is not apparently, taken by itfelf, conclufive evidence that Flaxley was a mitred abbey as afferted. Fuller has Ihown that in the forty-ninth year of Henry III (1264) no lefs than fixty-four abbots and thirty- fix priors, as he quaintly terms it " a jolly number," together with the Mafter of the Temple " were voluntarily out of the king's free will and pleafure (no right that they could claim themfelves) fummoned to Parliament." Fuller alfo relates how in the reigns of Edward I and II, the number of abbots fummoned was fluctuating and uncertain, e.g..^ forty in the twenty-feventh year of Edward I ; feventy-five in the twenty-eighth year of the fame king ; fifty-fix in the firffc year of Edward II, and fifteen in the fecond year of the fame reign. In the reign of Edward III, the lift; of ParHamentary abbots was for the firft time formally fettled, and their number fixed at twenty-fix, exclufive of two abbots and one prior which are doubtful, viz., the abbots of Leicefi;er, and St. James, Northampton, and the prior of Coventry. To thefe twenty-fix Parliamentary abbots one more was added by Henry VIII, viz: the abbot of Taviftock ; and the abbot of Tewkefbury alfo appears on the Parliamentary Rolls, making up a total of twenty-eight ParHamentary abbots, who alone are ordinarily recognized in ecclefiaftical hiftory as mitred. The twenty-eight mitred abbeys 1 See page 50 above. fflaxU^ airtreg* loi are all that are noticed by Fuller, Tanner, or Browne-Willis, and no mention is made of Flaxley by any of the ecclefiaftical hiftorians who have given a lift of mitred abbeys. The following curious extract from Fuller's " Church Hiftory " may be quoted in oppofition to the paffage from Atkyns given above. " Of all counties in England, Gloucefterlhire was moft peftered with monks, having four mitred abbeys, befides St. Auftine's in Briftol (who fometimes pafled for a Baron) within the corapaffe thereof, viz : Gloucefter, Tewkelbury, Cirencefter and Wevelfcomb, hence the topical wicked proverb deferring to be banifhed out of that country, being the prophane child of fuperftitious parents — *as fure as God is in Gloucefterlhire' — as if fo many convents had certainly faftened His Gracious Prefence to that place." — ^p. 296. Flaxley is here by implication pointedly excluded from the mitred abbeys of Gloucefterlhire. All the mitred abbeys had confiderable revenues, and were included amongft the greater monafteries, t.e., thofe poffefTed of ;^200 annual revenue. Flaxley was one of the leffer monafteries with a comparatively infignificant revenue. Again the mitred abbeys, with the exception of St. John's of Jerufalem, were Benedi6tine ; Flaxley was Ciftercian. The grant of a mitre denoted ecclefiaftical independence. It has been above noticed that Flaxley abbey was fupervifed by the Bifhop of Hereford, who inftituted the abbots and exercifed epifcopal jurifdidtion over the abbey and furrounding churches in the Deanery of Hereford.' From a review of all thefe fa6ls above ftated, it would feem fufficiently clear that the Ciftercian abbey of Flaxley has no lawful pretenfion to be confidered a mitred abbey within the ordinary meaning of ecclefiaftical nomenclature. 1 See on this point " Abllradls and Illuftrations of Bifliop Swinfield's Houfehold Roll," edited by the Rev. John Webb, and printed by the Camden Society. As regards the legal relation of the monaftery of Flaxley to the Bifliopric of Hereford, fee Bull of Pope Celeftine III, Cartulary, No. 77. APPENDIX. Part I. EXTRACTS FROM THE PUBLIC RECORDS RELATING TO FLAXLEY ABBEY, CO. GLOUC. 104 JFIaxlcg ^66^2. Classified list of references in the Public Records to Flaxley Abbey, Co. Glouc. I. Cartce Antiquce (Calendar of Sir Jofeph AylofFe). I. R. No. 19. 2. X. No. 4. 3. N.N. No. 39. 4. Q.Q. No. 23. Being all tranfcripts of the confirma- tion charter of Henry II to Flaxley Abbey. 5. X. No. 5. Protedlion charter of Richard I. 6. P.P. No. 50. 7. Q.Q. No. 29. Tranfcripts of charter of Richard I, granting to the abbots the woods around the abbey for firewood, 8. Q.Q. No. 28. Confirmation charter of Richard I, 9. Q.Q. No. 21. Grant of the Abbot's Woods by Henry III. II. Close Rolls. No. I Rot Claus. I Hen. Ill, m. 26' No. 15 Rot Claus. 10 Hen. Ill, m. II 2 do. 2 Hen. Ill, m. 15 16 do. do. m. 29 3 do. 4 Hen. Ill, m. 4 17 do. II Hen. Ill, iin- 5 4 do. 5 Hen. Ill, ra. 20 18 do. do. m. 10 5 do. 6 Hen. Ill, m. 5 19 do. do. m. 18 6 do. do. m. 13 20 do. 13 Hen. Ill, m. 8* 7 do. 7 Hen. Ill, m. 19 21 do. do. m. 8^ 8 do. do. m. 23 22 do. do. m. 12 9 do. 8 Hen. Ill, m. 11 23 do. 14 Hen. Ill, m. 6 10 do. do. m. 13 24 do. do. m. 22 II do. do. m. 2^ 25 do. 15 Hen. Ill, m. 2 12 do. 9 Hen. Ill, m. 8 26 do. do. m. 2® 13 do. do. m. II 27 do. do. m. 9 14 do. do. m. 18^ 28 do. do. m. 14 1 Quoted by Tanner; not mentioned in the Clofe Rolls, printed by Record Commiffion. ' Quoted by Tanner; not mentioned in printed feries. ' Quoted by Tapner; not mentioned in printed feries. * Tanner's references to the Clofe Rolls, end with 13 Hen. Ill, membrane 8. * Second reference on the fame membrane. " Second reference on the fame membrane. ■O^axTeg Stfitr^. 105 29 Rot.€Ms. r6 Hen. HI, m. 5 39 Rot.CtaTis .30 Hen. HI, m. II 30 do. 17 Hen. HI, m. 2 40 do. 32 Hen. HI, m. 9 31 do. 18 Hen. HI, m. 15 41 do. 34 Hen. HI, m. 15 32 do. do. m. 19 42 do. 37 Hen. HI, m. 23 33 do. do. m. 27 43 do. 39 Hen. HI, m. 14 34 do. do. m. 27^ 44 do. 40 Hen. HI, ra. 10 dorso 35 do. do. m. 28 45 do. do. m. 12 36 do. do. m. 2B dorse 1 46 do. do. m. 19 37 do. 19 Hen. HI, m. 8 47 do. do. m. i()dorsa' 38 do. 26 Hen. HI, m. 13 HI. 1. Rot. Cart. 11 Hen. IH, pars prima m. 22* 2. Rot. Cart. 11 Hen. HI, pars prima m. 27. • 3. Rot. Cart. 11 Hen. HI, pars secunda m. 8. 4. Rot. Cart. 14 Hen. HI, m Charter Rolls. 5. Rot. Cart. 42 Hen. HI, m. 2. 6. Rot. Cart. 7 Edw. H, m. 31 pars unica. 7. Rot. Cart. 4 Edw. HI, m. 23 pars unica. 8. Rot. Cart. 7 Edw. Ill, m. 31.' 6.' 9. Rot. Cart. 25 Edw. Ill, No.'j. IV. Patent Rolls. Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. Ill, m. 9, vel. 19 3. Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. I, m. 18. De medietate gurgitis in aqua Sabrinse 4. Ditto vocati Hynewere 34. m. 19.'' 2. Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. I, m. 33 dorso.^ 3 Ed. Ill, p. I vel. 3 1 Second reference on the fame membrane. 2 The indexes to the Clofe Rolls, continue to the 57 year of Hen. Ill, but no reference to Flaxley Abbey appears after those quoted above. Note. Both in this and in the following lifts, feveral of the references given by Tanner appear to be mifquoted. They are mentioned in thefe lifts to (how that they have not been overlooked. 3 Quoted by Tanner only. * Quoted by Tanner only. ^ Quoted by Tanner only. The references to the Charter Rolls quoted by Tanner only are not mentioned in the Calendar of the Record Commiffioners, and appear to be wrongly quoted. 6 Quoted by Tanner only. " Quoted by Tanner only P io6 jHaxleg atr&eg. 5. Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. Ill, prima pars. 9. Rot. Pat. 32 Ed. Ill, Sec. pars. m, 16. m. 22 and 27.^ 6. Rot. Pat. 9 Ed. Ill, 5«c. pars. 10. Rot. Pat. 38 Ed. Ill, p. i m. 38. m. 16, II. Ditto II Ric. 11, p. i m. 28. 7. Rot. Pat. 30 Ed. Ill, p. 3 m. 18 12. Ditto 22 Ric. II, p. 3 m. 16 vel. 19.' tertia et ultima pars. 8. Rot. Pat. 32 Ed. Ill, Sec. pars. 13. Ditto 27 Hen. VI, m. 6 m. 28. prima pars. V. Inquisitions. A. Ad quod damnum. 1. Inq. 52 Hen. Ill, No. 22 5. Inq. 2 Edw. Ill, feed. num. No. 128 2. do. 54 do. No. 68 6. do. 32 do. feed. num. No. 87 3. do. 7 Edw. I, No. 40 7. do. 46 do. No. 10' 4. do. 15 do. No. 67 8. do. 10 Ric. II, No. 107 B. Poft mortem 1 Inq. 6 Edw. I, No. 88 p.m. Alex- 3 Inq. 7 Hen. V, No. 52 p.m. William ander Bleyght. Waryn. 2 Inq. 15 Edw. I, No. 19 p.m. John 4 Inq. 22 Hen. VI, No. 34 p.m. of Penrys. Robert Greyndour, Arm. 1 Quoted by Tanner only. ^ Quoted by Tanner only. The references to the Patent Rolls quoted by Tanner only are not mentioned in the Calendar of the Record Commiffioners, and appear to be wrongly quoted. ' Quoted by Tanner only. iFIaxIeg ^tdrfg. 107 Index to the Charters and other Documents given in this Appendix. 1. Grant to Flaxley Abbey of the woods around the Abbey for firewood. 2. Grant to Flaxley Abbey by Henry III of the woods, called the Abbot's Woods. 3. Charter of protedtion to Flaxley Abbey by Richard I, 4. Confirmation charter of Richard I to Flaxley Abbey, reciting charter of Henry H with additions. 5. Confirmation charter of Henry HI to Flaxley Abbey, reciting gifts and donations of private benefadtors, 1227. 6. Grant of Edward HI to Flaxley Abbey of £-^^ 9s. id. per annum, from the rents and profits of the kings newly affarted lands in the foreft of Dean, 1353- 7. Notification of Edward HI, that on account of the bad rule of the Abbots of Flaxley, he had refumed charge of the Abbey and had entrufted it to the Abbots of Dore, Bordefley and the Prior of Flaxley till further notice, 1335. 8. Grant of Flaxley Abbey with all its appurtenances to Sir William Kingfton by King Henry VHI, 27 March, 1537. io8 Jlaxlcg attbcg* APPENDIX' No. I. Grant to Flaxley Abbey of the woods around the Abbey for firewood. Cart. Antiq. Q.Q. No. 29 from transcript in P.R.O. Cartce Antiques. Q.Q. 29 : — Henricus Dei gratia etc. Sciatis nos intuitu Dei et pro falute animse noftrse et antecefforum et heredum noftrorum dediffe concefTifle et hac carta noftra confirmaffe Deo et ecclefiae Beatse Marise de Dena et abbati et monachis Ciftercienfis ordinis Deo ibidem fervientibus et fuccefforibus fuis in liberam purara et perpetuam eleemofynam totum bofcum circa praedidlam abbatiam ad focum fuum per metaS fubfcriptas fcilicet in longum rivuli juxta campum monachorum praedidti loci afcendendo ufque Fulhiate et a Fulhiate ufque ad magnum cheminum quod tendit de Abbenhale ufque ad Parvam Dene, et de predidlo chemino a latere mentis qui vocatur Walfebyre ufque ad viam equorum quae tendit ufque ad Abbenhale et de parvo ficheto decurrente in longum praedidlse vise ufque ad bofcum Johannis de Munemuta de Hope afcendendo et de praedi(5lo bofco per divifam inter bofcum predi6li Johannis et bofcum de Tymbrigge et Caffciarde usque ad rivulum de Hope et de prsedidlo rivulo circuendo ufque ad campum de Rofeley et in longum praedidli campi ufque ad grangiam prsedidtorum monachorum quae eft juxta prasdiftam abbatiam, claudendum bafla haia et parvo foffato : ita quod ferae intrare et exire possint. Et fciendum quod praedi6lus abbas et fuceffores ipfius et monachi ejufdem loci nihil capient vel capere poflunt in forefta noftra de Dene de caetero ad focum fuum fine licentia noftra vel heredum noftrorum ficut in ea capere confueverunt ante donacionem et conceffionem iftam per cartam Henrici regis avi noftri quam inde habent. Volumus etiam quod totus praedidlus bofcus circa pr£edi6lam abbatiam infra metas praedictas quietus fit in perpetuum de regardo et vafto et de omnibus quae ad foreftarium vel viridarium vel eorum miniftros pertinent excepta venatione noftra. Quare volumus et firmiter praecipimus quod praedidli abbas et monachi prasdi6lae ecclefiae Beatae Mariae de Dena habeant et teneant totum praedidum bofcum per metas praedictas in liberam puram et perpetuam eleemofynam bene et in pace libere, quiete, integre, plenarie cum omnibus pertinentiis libertatibus et liberis confuetudinibus fuis in omnibus locis et rebus, quietum in perpetuum de regardo et vafto et de omnibus quse ad .foreftarium vel viridarium vel eorum miniftros pertinent et ab omni feculari fervitio et exadtione, excepta venatione noftra ficut praedidtum eft. Hiis teftibus etc. Datum apud Weftmonafterium xi" die Februarii anno regni noftri undecimo. N.B. A duplicate of the firft half of this charter down to the words " exire poffint " is given in Cart, Antiq. P.P. No. 50. APPENDIX No. II. Grant to Flaxley Abbey by Henry III of the woods, called the Abbot's Woods. 42 Henry HI Cart. Antiq. Q.Q. No. 21. Henricus Rex Angliae etc. Sciatis quod cum diledti nobis in Chrifto Abbas et conventus de Flixlege Ciftertienfis ordinis percipere confueverint duas quercus in forefta noftra de Dena fingulis feptimanis ad fuftentacionem unius forgise fuae in eadem forefta ex coUatione domini Henrici avi noftri et confirmatione noftra, in perpetuam eleemofynam, et hoc ad magnum detrimentum dictse foreftae et ad damnum noftrum. Nos detrimentum ibidem et damnum advertentes ad inftantiam didlorum Abbatis et monachorum mifimus de confiHo noftro diledlos et fideles noftros Henricum de Bathonia [et Robertum] Waleraund ad partes illas ad inquiren- dum per facramentum tam militum quam aliorum liberorum et legalium hominum, per quos rei Veritas melius fciri poffet in hac parte predidtae foreftae commodius affignare poffemus eifdem Abbati et monachis quandam partem bofci in recompenfationem praedidlarum duarum quercuum ad minus detrimentum ejufdem foreftae et minus damnum noftrum. Quia vero accepimus per inquifitionem fadlam per praedidlos Henricum et Robertum quod eft ad commodum noftrum et falvationem praedidlae foreftae aflignare didlis Abbati et Monachis in recompenfationem praedidlarum duarum quercuum quandam partem bofci in eadem forefta in forma fubfcripta infra has bundas ac in divifas videlicet : — de Ardlonde ufque ad vadum in Sinder- forde in finiftra parte et de vado illo ufque ad vadum de Suthlege et abinde per vallem rivuli qui vocatur Smalebroke ufque ad cheminum qui vocatur Rugeweye et per praedi<5lum cheminum in longitudine ufque ad terram no jFIaxIeg ^bireg. Johannis de Rodleye in finiftra parte et a terra ilia ufque ad praedi6tum Ardlande ficut coopertum didli bofci fe extendit. Nos de confilio noftro affignavimus et conceffiraus eifdem Abbati et monachis in recompenfationem praedidtarum duarum quercuum praedidtam partem bofci infra bundas et divifas praefcriptas habendam et tenendam eisdem Abbati et monachis et eorum fuccefforibus et ecclefiae fuae de Flexlege in perpetuam eleemofynam quietam de vafto et regardo et de vifu foreftarii et viridarii et de omnibus quae ad foreftarium et viridarium vel eorum miniftros pertinent excepta venatione noftra. Salvis nobis et heredibus noftris herbagio didti bofci et aeriis aufturcorum, falconum, et fparvariorum, et mineria fi inveniatur ibidem. Ita etiam quod ipfi Abbas et monachi habeant attachiamenta didti bofci et fi fibi viderit expedire liceat decimam partem didti bofci claudere fepe quae fit defenfabilis contra omnia animalia praeterquam contra feras noftras et ftet fepes ilia per quadrennium tantum et tunc diruatur et alibi claudatur decima pars per quadrennium et fie de quadrennio in quadrennium claudatur decima pars didli bofci in diverfis locis ita quod novem partes ejusdem bofci semper fint extra claufturam. Quare volumus et firmiter praecipimus pro nobis et heredibus noftris quod prasdidli Abbas et Monachi et eorum succeffores et ecclefia fua de Flexlege habeant et teneant in recompenfationem praedidtarum duarum quercuum praediftam partem bofci infra bundas et divifas praefcriptas in perpetuam eleemofynam, quietam de vafto et regardo et de vifu foreftarii et viridarii et de omnibus quae ad foreftarium vel viridarium vel eorum miniftros pertinent excepta venatione noftra. Salvis nobis et heredibus noftris herbagio didti bofci et aeriis aufturcorum, falconum, et fparvariorum, et mineria fi inveniatur ibidem. Ita etiam quod praedidli Abbas et monachi habeant attachiamenta di6li bofci et fi viderit fibi expedire liceat eis decimam partem didti bofci claudere fepe quae fit defenfabilis contra omnia animaha praeterquam contra feras noftras, et ftet fepes ilia per quadrennium tantum et tunc diruatur, et alibi claudatur decima pars per quadrennium, et fie de quadrennio in quadren- nium claudatur pars decima di6ti bofci in diverfis locis ita quod novem partes ejufdem bofci femper fint extra claufturam ficut praedidlum eft. Hiis teftibus etc. Datum apud Clarendon xxviii" die Mali anno regni noftri quadragefimo fecundo. N.B. A duplicate of this grant is entered on the Charter. (Rolls Rot. Cart. 42 Hen. Ill, pars unica m. 2.) iFIaxleg ^66eg. in In the tranfcript from which this Copy has been taken the names of the witneffes are omitted. In the Englifh tranflation given in the text the names have been added from the copy of this grant enrolled in the Charter Rolls. APPENDIX No. III. Charter of Protection to Flaxley Abbey by Richard I. Cart. Antiq. X.y No 5. Copied from Volume of Transcripts in P.R.O. Ric. Dei gratia Rex Angliae Dux Normanniae, Aquitaniae, Comes Andegaviae Archiepifcopis Epifcopis Abbatibus Archidiaconis decanis comitibus baronibus jufticiariis vicecomitibus et omnibus miniftris et fidelibus fuis falutem. Sciatis quod Abbatia de Dene et monachi ordinis Ciftercienfis ibidem Deo fervientes et omnes terrae et redditus et poffefliones fuae funt in manu et cuftodia et protedlione noftrS et ideo praecipimus quod ipfam Abbatiam et monachos et terras et redditus et omnes res et poffefliones fuas cuftodiatis et manu teneatis et protegatis ficut noffcras dominicas ita quod nullam violen- tiam vel contumeliam vel injuriam aut gravamen eis faciatis nee fieri permittatis plufquam noftris dominicis rebus vel poffeflionibus. Et fi quis eis fuper hoc in aliquo foriffacere praefumpferit plenariam eis fine dilatione inde jufticiam faciatis ; et prohibemus ne ponantur in placitum de ullo tenemento fuo unde habent cartas dominorum vel donatorum vel venditorum fuorum nisi coram nobis ipfis vel capitali jufl;itia («c) nofl:ra. T.W. Comite de Mandeville vi° die Septembris apud Wefl;monafterium. APPENDIX No. IV. Confirmation Chartej of Richard I to Flaxley Abbey, reciting Charter of Henry If, with additions. Cart. Antiq. QQ, No. 28. Ricardus dei gratia, etc. Sciatis nos concefliffe et praefenti carta noftra confirmaffe Deo et Sandtas Marias et monachis de Flexleye de ordine Ciftercienfi ibidem Deo fervientibus pro falute noftra et^ antecefforum noftrorum 112 iFlaxleg Witt^. in perpetiiam eleemofinam omnes illas donationes quas Rogerus Comes Her- fordiae . . . (and fo on as in Cart, of Henry II, Dugd. Mon.) Quare volumus et firmiter prsecipimus quod praedidli monachi omnia ifta praedi6la cum ceteris pertinentiis et omnes terras et homines et poffeffiones fuas habeant et teneant libere et quiete integre et plenarie in liberam eleemofynam et quascunque alia in futuro pia devotione fidelium vel conventione venditorum illis de cujuscunque feodo fuerint rationabiliter coUata cum omnibus pertinentiis et libertatibus et liberis confuetudinibus in terris et in efcambiis terrarum et emptionibus, in marifcis, in grangiis et virgultis, in civitatibus et villis, ftagnis, pifcariis, in bofco et piano, in pratis et pafcuis, in aquis et molendinis, in viis et femitis, et in omnibus aliis locis et rebus, cum faca et foca tol et theam et infangenethef foluta et libera ab omni feculari fervitio, falvis conventionibus erga univerfos fecundum rationabiles cartas vel chirographa fua, et quieti fint de fedtis comitatus, lez hundreds et auxiliis vicecomitis et omnium miniftralium eorum et de omnibus ad eos pertinentibus. Prohibemus etiam quod nuUus eos aut poffeffiones aut homines aut res fuas vexet vel difturbet contra libertates cartarum fuarum fuper decem librarum foriffa<5luram. Datum apud Dumfronte xxi° die Decembris anno regni noftri decimo. APPENDIX No. V. Confirmation charter of Henry III to Flaxlej Abbey ^ dated 1227, reciting gifts and donations of private benefactors. Charter Roll 11. Henry III. Part 2. — Membrane 8. Pro Abbate de Flaxl[eyd]. Henricus Rex etc. Salutem. Sciatis nos intuitu Dei conceffiffe et hac carta noftra confirmalTe Deo et Ecclelise beatse Marise de Dena et abbati et mona- chis ibidem Deo fervientibus omnes donationes, conceffiones et venditiones fubfcriptas eifdem abbati et monachis racionabiliter fadtas videlicet De venditione Rogeri de Heidune novem acras terrse quae jacent inter fabulum de Redlege et magnum cheminum, et duas acras in marifco quse jacent JTlaxles aii6e2« 113 inter Heilithe et tres feilliones Johannis de Wodeham et unam acram prati in Holemede. Item de dono ejufdem Rogeri decern acras terrse fuae de Redlege, fcilicet totam terram fuam ad occidentem meffuagii Reginald! de Heidune, et ex altera parte chemini totam terram fuam arabilem quae jacet inter puUam quse venit! de Wildemore et tres feilliones Johannis de Wodeham cum pertinentiis et cum Walla et tribus parvis feillionibus quae jacent extra praedi6tam vallam. De dono Margaretae filiae Gaufridi filii Willelmi totam terram fuam de Northwode quam pater fuus ei dedit, De dono Willelmi de Dune duas acras terrae quae jacent fuper WalemorefliuUe et totam terram fuam' in Stangarlt. Item de dono ejufdem Willelmi quatuordecim feilliones terrae arabilis in Wodlege cum prato ejufdem latitudinis quod jacet ad caput eorundem feillionum verfus terram de Lege cum forerda quae eft ad aliud caput eorundem feillionum cum pertinentiis et unam acram terrae ad Wine- gate fupra cheminum. De dono Rogeri filii Radulphi tres virgatas terrae in Pultune cum pertinentiis. De dono Gileberti de Dimmoc totam terram fuam de Bruerne quam habuit de domino fuo Roberto de Mauns. De dono Henrici de CheakefhuU totam croftam illam quam Edwardus Hoc tenuit quae fcilicet appellatur Alinvecroft cum prato quod tenuit fcilicet Alinveplot et totam terram fuam in Rudinge et croftam illam quam Willelmus Cuverur et Muriel tenuerunt. De dono Hugonis de Gerne totam terram fuam in crofta apud CheakelhuUe. De dono Ofmundi H . . . . totam terram fuam quae jacet inter terram Ricardi Draperii et terram Warini Sellarii omnes etiam terras quae jacent inter terram quae fuit Waci Coci et terram quae fuit Gileberti filii Radulphi in Glouceftria. De dono Arnaldi filii Arnaldi Dunninge totam terram inter duos pontes Savemae apud Glouceftriam. De dono Henrici filii Henrici Kais totum jus quod habuit in duabus terris in Glou- ceftria quas de eo tenuit Ricardus filius Willelmi Burgeis. De dono Radulphi Crupard duas croftas videlicet Hulpefcroft et Hamecroft. De dono Henrici filii Odonis totam terram fuam in Ruding ficut unquam pater suus plenius earn tenuit. De dono Rogeri de Arderne totam terram fuam de Otlege apud CheakefhuUe. De venditione Philippi de Humelemore quatuor acras terrae fuae quas tenuit de feudo Willelmi de Dune. De dono Radulphi de Redlege totam terram fuam in fabulo de Redlege cum pertinentiis fuis quae fcilicet jacet fubtus Heilithe et totum tenementum quod Walterus Hendi tenuit de eo in prato de Smalham cum omni jure et fervitio quod ad ipfum vel ad heredes fuos inde pertinuit vel pertinere potuit. De dono Petri de Salto Marifco totam terram fuam in villa de Tribnelle cum omnibus pertinentiis fuis. De dono Hugonis Chearke illam partem campi qui dicitur de Hide Q 114 jflaaleg a6i«g> quae eft proximior Sabrinae cum Haitiis ad eandem terrain pertinentibus. De dono Willebni de Sandlo Leodegario totam terrarii fuam de Ragel quae fuit Philippi de Burci cum pertinentiis fuis. De dono Thomae filii Willelmi de Harpetre totam terram fuam quae fuit Henrici Scepelhefed cum omnibus pertinentiis fuis et unam dimidiam virgatam terree quam Ofbertus praepofitus tenuit cum omnibus pertinentiis fuis et communem pafturam centum ovibns in eadem villa et communem pafturam animalibus fuis quantum peftinet ad unam virgatam terrae et de bofco qui fuit prsedidli Henrici quan- tum meremium opus fuerit per vifum foreftarii fui. De dono Ricardi de Blechedune duas acras prati quas Edrieus Ris tenuit et dimidiam acfam prati quae jacet proxima praedidlis duabus acris. Db dono Johannis Rufi filii Adae totam terram fuam arabilem in Bruerne fcilicet decern feilliones in Revenefhokefelde cum pertinentiis praeter pratum. De dono Heliae Giffarde totum dominicum fuum in Habewoldefham in manerio suo de Brummeffeldd cum paftura octo boum et in communi paftura cum hominibus praediili manerii et ubique fimul cum bobus domini de Brummeffelde in paftura extra parcum de Brummeffelde et cum paftura duodecies viginti bidentium in communi paftura tam de Brummeffelde quam de Croneham. De dono Willelmi de Budifelde illam partem terrae fuag in Budifeld apud Feneftegate qase jacet a rivo qui defcendit de Climperwelle per femitam de Tatemounefpflade et inde diredte per medium Wodecroftarum ufque Thikegrove. Illam partem terrse fuas quas jacet a Stielweie per rivum praedidtum ufque Wlfledefwelle et ducentas bidentes in perpetuum in communi paftura de Budifield. De dono Gaufridi de Longo campo totam terram quam Thomas Baterich tenuit de eo in Levepeley scilicet duos lundiers cum omnibus pertinentiis fuis. De dono Henrici de Mineriis totam partem fuam de Hinewere cum omnibus libertatibus fuis. De dono Willelmi de la Mara totum pratum fuum apud Tukel quod fcilicet jacet in longum fubtus campum Abbatis de Glouceftria. De dono Roberti filii Walteri Sprot totam partem fuam illarum acrarum quse funt in montibus quae funt inter dominum fuum Rogerum de Winterburne et prae- di(5lum Robertum quae computantur pro quatuor acris et dimidia et communam etiam tam in montibus quam in campis. De dono Johannis difpenfatoris totam terram fuam quae eft in crofta quae dicitur Buveveie quae jacet inter terram quam Adam filius Fulconis dedit eisdem monachis et meffuagium quod fuit Roberti Surdi. De dono Amifii de Tukelege duas acras prati in Bruerne in prato quod appellatur Wrugehat quae jacent inter pratum Radulphi de Wilintune et pratum Abbatis de Glouceftria et illam goram prati quae jacet ad caput praedidtarum acrarum et viginti tres feilliones et duas goras cum forerda fubtus jacentes proxime juxta le merher quod dividit inter teitam Abbatis Glouceftriae et suam tenendas pro tribus acris cum haicio quantum praedictae tres acrae durant et etiam duas acras unam juxta Feldedich et aliam quae appellatur Gordrodaker. De dono Walteri filii Willelmi dp Munftrewurthe totam terram suam in Wale- more quae appellatur Charkefelde ficut Rogerus de Munftrewurthe eam tenuit m ftjo domkico. De dono Willelmi filii Willlelmi de Budifelde totam medietatem W[o]decroftarum in Budifelde et totum pendentem de Fifbechefegge, scilicet de Becoltefegge in longum rivuli usque ad Stielwie cum pertinentiis fuis. De dono Hugonis Charke fex puchas in Sabrina contra Hanecombre. De dono Matildis Giffarde totam terram fuam fubtus pifcariam de Bifpwike fcilicet viginti quatuor feilliones cum omnibus pertinentiis quae funt de tenemento Hugonis de Gertie. De dono Heliae Giffarde totam illam dimidiam virgatam terrae in macerio fuo dei Brummesfelde cum pertinentiis quam Willelmus le Cras tenuit: et tQtam iUara dimidiam virgatam terrae cum pertinentiis quam Robertus de <21imperweUe tenuit: et totam terram illam quae jacet inter vivarium de Climper- welle et terram praedidtorum monachorum quam tenent de Ecclesia de La[n]tonia. |3q doao Hugonis Hosati to.tam terram fuam de Emneia cum pertinentiis fuis. De dono Rpgeri de . . . . totam illam dimidiam virgatam terrae quam Jordanus fiUus JohLannis teauit de eo in Erlingbam. Quare volumus et firmiter praecipimus quod praedifti Abbas et Monachi habeant et teneant omnes terras et tenementa praejdiiSta beae et in pace libere et quiete et integre cum omnibus pertin- entiis fuis in perpetunm ficut cartae donatorum et venditorum praedidtorura quas inde habent rationabiliter teftantur. Hiis teftibus venerabilibus patribus Euftachio Londonienfi, Jocelino Bathonienfi, et Ricardo Sarefberienfi Epifcopis ; H[uberto] de Burgo Comite Kantiae Jufticiario noffro ; Willelmo de Sanfto Johanne, Hugone de Neville, Mauritio de Gaunt, Hugone de Mortuo Man, Ofberto Giffarde, Godefrido de Craucumbe Senefcallis noftris, Henrico de Capella et aliis. Datum per manum venerabilis patris Radulphi Ciceftrenfis Epifcopi Cancellarii noftri apud Weftmonafterium. Nono die Julii Anno regni noftri undecimo (1227). ii6 JFlaxlcg aiticg. APPENDIX No. VI. Grant of Edward III to Flaxley Abbey of ^^36 195. id. per annuniy from the rents and profits of the King's newly assarted lands in the Forest of Dean, A.D. 1353. Charter Roll, 25, 26, 27, Edw. Ill, No. 7, 27TH year. Pro Abbati et Conventu de Flaxleye. Rex Archiepifcopis, Epifcopis, Ducibus, Comitibus, Baronibus, Jufticiariisj Vicecomitibus, Prsepolitis, Miniftris, et omnibus ballivis et fidelibus fuis falutem. Sciatis quod intuitu caritatis ac pro dampnis gravibus quae diledli nobis in Chrifto Abbas et Conventus de Flaxleye tarn per feras foreftae noftrae de Dene quam per varios et^equentes acceffus noftros ibidem ante haec tempora funt perpefli, volentes eofdem Abbatem et conventum in auxilium fuftenta. tionis fuae et ut ipll et fucceffores fui pro falute noftra dum vixerimus et anima noftra cum fubtradli fuerimus ab hac luce ac animabus antecefforum et heredum noftrorum divina perpetuo celebrent refpicere gratiofe dedimus et conceflimus pro nobis et heredibus noftris et hac carta noftra confirmavi- mus prsefatis Abbati et Conventui quod ipfi et fucceffores fui in perpetuum habeant et percipiant .triginta et fex libras, decern et novem folidos, et unum denarium fingulis 'annis de exitibus terrarum noftrarum in didla forefta de novo allartatarum per manus tenentium terrarum earundem. Ita quod quotiefcunque didlus redditus vel aliqua parcella ejufdem ad aliquem terminum folutionis redditus illius a retro fuerit liceat pr3edi(5tis Atbati et Conventui pro eodem redditu vel parcella fie a retro exiftente diftringere et diftric- tiones retinere quoufque fibi de eo quod fie a retro fuerit plene fuerit fatisfaftum prout nos diftringere poffemus fi didtus redditus ad nos per- tineret ftatuto de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis edito non obstante. Quare volumus et firmiter praecipimus quod praedicti Abbas et conventus et fucceffores fui in perpetuum habeant et percipiant triginta et fex libras decern et novem foHdos et unum denarium fingulis annis de exitibus terrarum noftrarum in dicta forefta de novo affartatarum per manus tenendum terrarum earundem Ita quod quotiefcunque dictus redditus iTlaxleg SWcg. 117 vel aliqua parcella ejufdem ad aliquem terminum folutionis redditus illius a retro fuerit liceat praefatis Abbati et Conventui pro eodem redditu vel parcella fie a retro exiftente diftringere, et diftridliones retinere quoufque fibi de eo quod fie a retro fuerit plene fuerit fatiffadtum, prout nos diftrinque poffemus fi dietus redditus ad nos pertineret dicto ftatuto non obftante fieut prasdidtum est. Hiis teftibus venerabilibus patribus S. Cantuarensi Archiepifeopo toeius Angliae Primato J. Eboraeenfi Archiepifeopo Angliae Primate Caneellario nofl:ro Willelmo Wyntonienfi Epifcopo Thefaurari'o noftro, Henrico Duee Lancaftriae Willelmo de Bohun Norhamtoniae, Ricardo Arundelliae Comitibus, Henrico de Percy, Radulpho de Nevyll, Johanne de Grey de Retherfelde, fenefcallo hofpicii noftri et aliis. Datum per manum noftram apud Weft;monafl;erium xx° die Septembris (1353) per breve de privato sigillo. Et mandatum eft tenentibus terrarum praedidlarum quod eifdem Abbati et conventui de praedidlis triginta et fex libris decem et novem folidis et uno denario fingulis annis prout moris efl intendentes fint et refpondentes, Tefl;e Rege apud Weflmonafterium xi° die octobris [1353.] Per idem breve. APPENDIX No. Vn. Notification of Edward III^ that, on account of the negligence and bad 1 ule of the Abbots of Flaxley, he had resumed charge of the Abbey, and had entrusted it to the Abbots of Dore, Bordesley and the Prior of Flaxley till further notice, 1335. Patent Roll of 9 Edw. IH, Part 2, Membrane 16. De cufl;odia Abbatiae de Flaxleye propter incuriam Abbatis certis cuftodibus commiffa ad voluntatem Regis. Rex omnibus ad quos, &c.-, falutem. Sciatis quod cum Abbatia de Flaxleye quae de progenitorum noftrorum quondam Regum Angliae fundatione nofl;roque patronatu exiftit tam per incuriam et malum regimen Abbatum loei illius quam aliis adverfitatibus et infojtuniis variis his diebus tam miferabiliter deprimatur et bona Abbatiae illius confumantur et diverfi- ii8 #l9|Ies ^&% fmodf difl[ipentur quod exitu| et profieua diftae donius ad fuftentationem If^on^chorum et fervientium doIp^l^ iUius et folutionem debitorum in quibus ^bbas et Conventus didti loci diverfis ereditoribus obligantur, necnon ad pietatis Opera ibideip ordinata manutenei\da non suffieiunt per quod de flatus didlae domiis defplatione et inonachopim divina ibidem pro animabus didlorum progenitonim noftrprum et alionim defundtorum fidelium celebrantium dif- ppeifioue ac eleemofyn£^ruin et Riorum piorum operum fubtradlione verisimiliter forna^datur nifi remediviin per nos fuper hoc celerius apponatur Nos flatui Abbatiae preciiftse compatientes et ejufdem releyatipni volentes prout ad nos attinet providere Abbatiam illam cum terrisi ^eineutis, rebus, redditibus, et omnibus pofiellionibus ad ea^ideip Abbatiam fpedtantibus cepimus in protedtionem et defenfionem nostram fpecialem et cuftodiam Abbatiae illius cum terris tenementis rebus redditibus et omnibus poffeflionibus pr?edi<5tis ■ commifimus diledtis nobis in jChrifto . . Abbati de Dore, Ab^ati de ^prdefleye et Priori diftae domus de Flaxleye de quorum ^delitate et circumfpedtione fiduciam reportamus Habeudara quamdiu nostras placuerit voluntati. Ita quod omnes exitus redditus et proventus terrarum, tenementorum et poffeffionum praedidlarum falva rationabili fuften- tatione Abbatis Prioris et Conventus didli loci et miniftrorum fuorum fine quibus Abbatia ilia commode regi non potent ad exonerationem debitorum fuorum prasdidtorum . et relevationem ftatus ejufdem Abbatiae maneriorum et locorum ad eam fpedtantium referventur et eifdem relevationi et exoner- ation! per vifum adjutorium et confilium aliquorum de majoribus et dif- cretioribus didtae domus prout fibi melius expedire videbitur applicentur. Et nolumus quod aliquis vicecomes, ballivus, feu minifter nofter aut alius quicum- que in Abbatia praedidla, maneriis, grangiis aut locis ad eam fpedtantibus hofpitetur, nee de bladis fcenis, equis, caredlis, cariagiis, vidlualibus aut aliis bonis ejufdem Abbatiae quicquam capiat feu afportet fine licentia di6lorum Abbatum de Dore et Bordefleve, ac Prioris prsedidlorura durante cuftodia fupradidta In cujus etc. Tefte Rege apud Berewicum fuper Twedam xiiii° die Octobris [1335]. iFIaxleg Wibti* "'9 APPENDIX No. VIII. Grant of Flaxley Abbey with all its appurtenances to Sir William Kingston^ by King Henry VIII, 27 March 1537. Patent Roll, 28 Hen, VIII, Part 5, Membrane 19. De conceflione Willelmo Kyngefton. Rex omnibus ad quos, etc., Salutem. Sciatis quod nos in confideratione boni veri et fidelis fervitii per diledlum fervientem noftrum Willelmum Kyngefton Militem ante haec tempora nobis fafti de gratia noftra fpeciali ac ex certa fcientia et mero motu noftris dedimus et conceflimus ac per praefen- tes damns et concedimus eidem Willelmo Kyngefton domum et fitum nuper Abbatiae five Monafterii de Flaxley in comitatu noftro Glouceftriae au6toritate parliamenti suppreffi et diffoluti, ac totam ecclefiam, campanile, et coemete- rium ejufdem nuper Monafterii necnon omnia domos aedificia, grangias horrea ftabula, columbaria, hortos, pomaria, gardina, ftagna, vivaria terram fundum et folum noftra infra fitum, ambitum, circuitum et praecindlum didtae nuper Abbatise five Monafterii exiftentia et eidem adjacentia. Ac etiam dominia, maneria, et grangias noftra de Flaxley howfe, Goodriche, Clymperwell, Walmore, Blechedene, Arlyngham le Monkyn, Rewardeine, Newland, Parva Dean, Newenham, Pulton et Dymmok cum pertinentiis in comitatu praedidlo ac dominium et manerium noftrum de Rochelbury cum pertinentiis in comitatu noftro Somerfetenfi di<5lae nuper Abbatiae five monafterio fpedlantia et per- tinentia Necnon omnia maneria grangias, meffuagia, cotagia, terras, tenementa, molendina, prata, pascuas, pafturas, bofcos, fubbofcos, redditus, reverfiones, fervitia redditus et firmas tenentium, et firmariorum annuitates, feodi firmas, feoda miiitis, wardas, maritagia, efcaetas, relevia, curias letas, vifiam franci plegii, ac omnia quae ad vifum franci plegii pertinent, perquifitiones, et proficua curiae, warrennas, aquas, ftagna, vivaria, communias, pifcarias, libertates, jurifdidtiones, advocationes, praefentationes, donationes et jura patroriatus ecclefiarum, redlori- arum vicariarum et capellarum quarumcunque, ac alia jura poffeffiones rectorias appropriatas, et hereditaraenta noftra quaecumque tam fpiritualia I20 iFIaiUs ati6cs- quam temporalia cujufcumque fint generis, naturae vel fpeciei et quibul- cumque nominibus cenfeantur feu cognofcantur in villis, campis, hamelettis et parochiis de Flaxley howfe, Claxhill, Cleve, Holle, Goodriche, Wefton Clymperwell, Walmore, Northwood, Adcette, Elvyngton, Borfley, Denny, Mynfterworthe, Glouceftria, Blechedene, Arlyngton le Monken, Rewarden, Newland, Parva Dean, Newenham, Pultun et Dymmoke ac alibi ubicumque tam in di<5to comitatu noftro Glouceftrenfi quam in comitatu noftro villae noftrae Glouceftriae ac in Rochelbury et alibi ubicunque in didlo comitatu Somerfetenfi praedidlae nuper Abbatise five Monafl;erii in jure ejufdem nuper Abbatiae five Monafterii fpedlantia et pertinentia adeo plene et integre ac in tam amplis modo et forma prout quidem Thomas Were nuper Abbas ejufdem nuper Abbatiae five Monafterii in jure nuper Abbatiae five Monafterii illius quarto die Februarii anno regni noftri vicefimo feptimo aut antea omnia et fingula praemiffa cum fuis juribus, pertinentiis, et commoditatibus habuit tenuit vel gavifus fuit et adeo plene et integre prout ea omnia et fingula ad manus noftras ratione et pretextu cujufdam A6tus de quibufdam Monafteriis Abbatiis, prioratibus et domibus religiofis diflblvendis in parliamento noftro apud London tertio die novembris anno regni noftri vicefimo primo inchoato et deinde ufque Weftmonafterium adjornato et per diverfas prorogationes ufque ad et in quartum diem Februarii anno regni noftri vicefimo feptimo continuato et tunc ibidem tento inter alia edita et provifa devenere et devenire debuere et deberent ac in manibus noftris jam exiftentibus et exiftere debent et de- berent. Quae quidem fitus ecclefia, campanile, coemeterium, dominia, maneria, terrae enementa, et caetera omnia et fingula praemiffa, fuperius per praefentes conceffa, cum pertinentiis funt clari valoris centum quadraginta quin- que librarum, quatuordecim folidorum et unius denarii et non ultra per annum. Habendum tenendum et gaudendum fitum, ecclefiam, cam- panile, et coemeterium praedidla, ac omnia et fingula praedidta dominia, maneria, grangias, terras, tenementa, molendina, prata, pafcuas, redditus, re- verfiones, fervitia, poffefliones, hereditamenta, curias letas, vifum franci plegii, et caetera omnia et fingula praemiffa fuperius conceffa, expreffa, et fpecificata cum fuis juribus pertinentiis et commoditatibus quibufcumque, praefato Willelmo Kyngefton et heredibus de corpore fuo legitime procreatis, tenendum de nobis heredibus et fuccefforibus noftris, in capite, per fervitium militare videlicet per decimam partem fervitii unius feodi militis ac per annuum redditum feptuaginta feptem librarum et o6to denariorum ad curiam augmentationum reventionum coronae noftrae ad feftum fanfti Michaelis Archangeli omnino folvendum pro omnibus aliis fervitiis exadtionibus et demandis quibufcumque iFlaxIe2^66% 121 proinde nobis heredibus et fuccefforibus noftris quovis modo reddendo folvendo vel faciendo et ulterius de uberiori gratia noftra damns ac per prae- fentes concedimus prsefato Willelmo exitns reventiones et proficua praedidti fitus ac omnium et fingulorum praedidtorum dominiorum maneriorum terrarum, tene- mentorum et caeterorum praemifforum omnium et fingulorum cum pertinentiis a fefto Annuntiationis beatae Marise Virginis anno regni noftri vicefimo feptimo hujufque provenientia five crefcentia Habenda eidem Willelmo ex dono noftro abfque compoto feu aliquo alio proinde nobis heredibus vel fuccefforibus noftris quoquo modo reddendo folvendo vel faciendo et alterius volumus ac pro nobis heredibus et fuccefforibus noftris per praefentea concedimus praefato Willelmo Kyngefton et heredibus fuis praedidtis quod nos heredes et fucceffores noftri eundem Willemum et heredes fuos prasdidtos verfus quandam Agnetem Smyth de quodam corrodio eidem Agneti pro termino vitae fuae per fcriptum fub figillo conventuali didti nuper monafterii dato et conceffo de tempore in tempus exonerabimus acquietabimus et defendemus per praefentes eo quod expreffa mentio &c. In cujus rei &c. Tefte Rege apud Westmonafterium xxvij" die Marcii (1537) Per breve de private figillo et de data etc. In the margin : Vacat Irrotulamentum harum literarum patentium pro eo quod Antonius Kyngefton miles, filius et heres Willelmi Kyngefton Militis defundti decimo die Februarii Anno regni Regis infrafcripto xxxiij" coram eodem Domino Rege in Cancellaria fua perfonaliter conftitutus surfum reddidit has literas patentes in manus ipfius Domini Regis ibidem cancellandas ea intentione quod idem Dominus Rex alias literas patentes de omnibus et fingulis maneriis et caeteris prasmiflis infrafcriptis eidem Antonio Kyngefton et heredibus fuis fub alia forma concedere dignaretur. Ideo irrotulamentum praedidtum una cum Uteris patentibus praedidlis cancellatur et dampnatur. APPENDIX. Part II. CARTULARY OF FLAXLEY ABBEY, „C0. GLOUC. 24 JFlaxIes ^ibcg. INDEX' CARTULARIUM DE FLAXLEY. CONTENTA ROTULI INCIPIENTE A FRONTE SUNT. 1. Redditus de Dimmoc. 2. Redditus folvendi a Monachis de Dene. 3. Redditus debiti Monachis de Dene. 4. Carta A . . . Abbatis Vallis Dose de terra de Climperwell. 5. Carta Rogeri Prioris Lanthonise de eadem terra. 6. Carta Gileberti de Monemuta de terra in Ope (Hope). 7. Carta Gileberti de quietancia. 8. Carta Willelmi de Braofe Domini de Brechen de quietancia. 9. Carta Willelmi de Mineriis de decern acris terrae in Cafthard. 0. Carta Henrici de Mineriis de alia terra in Cafthard. 1. Carta Joannis Pichard de terra in Walemor. 2. Carta Hugonis le Petit de terra in Neweham, 3. Carta Gilberti Talbot de molendino in Ruddekefhale. 4. Carta Adse de Blakeneia de terra in Neweham. 5. Carta Adas de Blakeneia de redditu. 6. Cartse Willelmi de Dena Regis Foreftarii de terra in Caftiard. 7. Carta Galfridi filii ejus de terra in Pulmeda. 8. Carta Galfridi de Dena de exclufa molendini Rogeri de Bofco. 9. Carta Adae filii Fulconis de terra in Chekelhill. 0. Confirmatio Henrici de Mineriis de terra in Chekelhill, 1. Carta Philippi de Dunia de terra in Wadleie. 2. Carta Henrici de Chekelhill de terra in Littlemore, 3. Carta Roberti Tholi de terris in 1 This Table correfponds' fubflantially with the Index prepared by the late Sir Thomas Phillipps, liich was privately printed by him, together with extradls from the Cartulary. But the abbreviations ive been extended, and a few corredlions have been introduced where it feemed neceifary. 24. Carta Willelmi Nexe de terra in Neweham. 25. Conventio inter Abbatem de Dene et Willelmum Heremitam de Herdelande. 26. Carta Rogeri filii Radulphi de Pultun de redditu. 27. Carta Hugonis Charke de terra quae vocatur Eilfifcroft. 28. Carta Ricardi filii de Willelmi de Erlingeham de terris in Cupleforerd. 29. Carta Ricardi de Erlingeham de terra in Erlingeham. 30. Confirmatio Willelmi patris Ricardi de Erlingeham de terris. 31. Carta Roberti Mufchet de terra in Walemor. 32. Carta Roberti Mufchet de terra in Linleg. 33. Carta Hugonis Cherke (Charke) de communa pafturae. 33A. Carta Roberti de Maus quam fecit Gileberto de Dimmoc. 34. Carta Roberti de Maus quam fecit Gileberto de Dimmoc de terra in Bruerne. 35. Confirmatio Walteri filii Roberti de Maus quam fecit Gileberto de terra in Bruerne. 36. Carta Gileberti de Dimoc de terra in Bruerne. 37. Confirmatio Walteri de Maus de terra in Bruerne. 38. Carta Willelmi de Parcho de terra in Bruerne. 39. Confirmatio Walteri de Maus de terra in Bruerne. 40. Chirographum Roberti Capellani de terra in Neweham. 41. Chirographum Joannis le Tremongere de terra in Neweham. 42. Chirographum Joannis Aidani de terra. 43. Chirographum Rogeri Paris de terra in Glouceftria. 44. Chirographum Rogeri de Bofco de Aldeworde. 45. Chirographum Ernaldi Clerici de Dimmoc. 46. Chirographum Willelmi Kais Perfonae de Dimmoc. 47. Confirmatio Abbatum H. de Gloucefl;ria et A. de Theokelburi. 48. Chirographum Ricardi de Bofco de terra in Dimmoc. 49. Chirographum Willelmi de Monafterio de terra in eadem. 50. Carta Willelmi filii Gilberti de Erlingeham de terra in Erlingeham. 51. Chirographum Joannis filii Luveric. 52. Carta Walteri de la Barra de meffuagio in Neweham. 53. Carta Hugonis Charke de terris a.d. 1195. 54. Chirographum Philippi de Dunie a.d. 1195. 55. Chirographum Rogeri de Bofco de terris a.d. 1201. 33 and 33A. In Sir Thomas Phillipps' printed Index thefe two grants which are feperate, are included in one, apparently by a miflake of the printer. 126 ^ iHailcs ^fiif g. 56. Chirographum Willelmi Turc a.d. 1196. 57. Carta Moyfi de Redleia de terra in Ruding a.d. 1199. 58. Carta Nigelli filii Willelmi Hathewi de terris a.d. 1199. 59. Chirographum Galfridi Hugelin de terra in Walemor. 60. Carta Willelmi de Munfterword de terra in Gem et Weftbury. 61. Chirographum Henrici de Chakehill de terra quae vocatur Cumbefmedewe A.D. 1 1 99. 62. Chirographum Radulphi Crupard a.d. 1200. 63. Carta Adas filii Fulconis de terra in Chekefliill a.d. 1201. 64. Carta Adas filii Fulconis de terra in Chekelhill a.d. 1201. 65. Carta Hugonis Charke de terra quae vocatur Wudelond a.d. 1201. 66. Carta Rogeri de Leinch de terra in Mideltun a.d. 1202. 67. Chirographum Rogeri de Bofco de terris a.d. 1201.I In dorsQ Rotuli continentur. 68. Redditus Cerae. 69. Carta Jordani filii Radulphi de terra in Com. Wilton. 70. Carta Godefridi Mog. 71. Chirographum Rogeri Paris. 72. Carta Jofcelini Clerici de terra in London vocata Cheringa. 73. Confirmatio Willelmi Marefcalli. " 74. Carta Magiftri Jocelini. 75. Carta Oiberni filii Walteri de Wich. 76. Redditus de Dimmoc. 77. Privilegium Papae Celeftini III de libertatibus Abbatias S. Mariae de Dene, 1192. 78. Literae W, Herefordenfis jEpifcopi univerfis Epifcopatus Capellanis. 79. Privilegium Alexandri III Papas de decimis pro Abbatia de Flexleche. 80. Catalogus librorum. 81. Carta Philippi de Burci de terra in Ragel. 82. Carta PhiHppi de Burci de terra in Ragel. 83. Confirmatio Willelmi filii Roberti filii Martini. ' 84. Carta Willelmi de Sandlb Leodegario de terra in Ragel. 85. Confirmatio Willelmi filii Roberti filii Martini. 86. Carta Walteri filii Walteri de Ragel de terra in Ragel. 87. Confirmatio Roberti filii Walteri de Ragel.' 88. Carta Walteri filii Walteri Sprot de Ragel. •89. Confirmatio Roberti filii Walteri Sprot de Ragel. 90. Carta Walteri Sprot de Ragel. 91. Carta Hugonis Hofate de terra in Ragelburi. 92. Carta Hugonis Hofate de terra in Ragelburi. 93. Carta Walteri Budicumbe. 94. Chirographum inter Monachos de Dene et Ecclefiam de Budicumbe. 95. Carta Willelmi de la Mara de terra apud Tukeliam, 96. Carta Ernaldi de Cutberleye de terra inter duos pontes Savernae apud Glouceftriam. 97. Carta R. Abbatis de Flexley ad Emaldum de Cutberley. 128 JFlaxUs ^i6e2. No. I. REDDITUS DE DIMMOC. Radus de Hulla viii^. iid. Wills, de Dunhampton viii^. et de opere in falc. et in mefs. iii^. Hid. in autumpno. Wills, de Soppegrave xixa^. et pro parco de Haia debet ipfum claudere et iiii^. debet in aut. Terram quae fuit Lefredi tenet Hugo Lamb, qui redd, ii^., fed quietus eft quie fecit ferjamenta. Elwredus Wevereth xxd. et Hid. in autump r.o Mabilia xiid. Walt. Malcuvenant ad. S. Mich. Hid. Gerardus iiii^. et Hid. in aut. Galfridus Perfon yid. Wills, de Cemiterio v^. Haraldus viiid. et Hiid. in aut. Adam Sale xxxiii^. Godchep vid. et ii dies in aut. vid. et iii dies in aut. Alured in the Velde xiiii<^. et i dies in aut. et poft obitum fuum terra revertetur ad nos. Ricardus Lefredi xxviid. et i dies in aut. Ernaldus Clec xxxiiid. et iii dies in aut. Bofco viiii(/. et ii dies in aut. ii<^. et ii dies in aut. Willi de Thalamo Hid. ad Scm. Mich. Elured de Chadburn xxid. iiifi^. et iiii dies. Walt. Hacheth i libram cimini ad fest. S. Ephelberti' {st'c). Summa redditus nri. de Dimmoc \vm.s. Hd. *N.B. All the above feem to have been partly erafed and the -following names and rents written by the fide of them in a later hand, viz. 1 All the notes above are by Sir Thos. Phillipps. JFlaxIcg ^66^2. 129 Galfridus in Mora XYiiid. Robt. Withorn viiis. Wmi. Tape Muftre' (st'c) vs. Radulfus Wallenfis iis. et \id. Hug. Fal Adam Fab. xvis, Symon Millecrofte xiid. Symon Sutor viiii^. Roger Longus vs. Roger le Forefter vs. Roger Roi ii^. et vind. Robt. Cipping xii^. Robt. Dives xiiid. Will. Roches xiid. Walt, le Charbuner xxid. L . . . iii5. Godes iis. Galfridus Propofitus* vs. and vd. Redditus in Walemor. Walt, le Hunte xxviii^. Roger North \\a.d. Anneis saxd. Redditus Novce Terrce. Afehart iiiii/. ,. filius ejus v'md. No. 2. [REDDITUS SOLVENDI A MONACHIS DE DENE.] Istis debemus redditus annuatim in perpetuum. Abbati de Chormayles, ii5. ad fm. Sci Michis. Priori Lantonie, iii5 ad fm. Sci Michis. 1 The above note is by Sir Tlios. Pbillipps. ' Praepofitus, the Reeve. S 130 JFlaxIen ^fi&eg* Willo. del Pare, ins. vid. ad fm. S. Michis. xviii^. ad fm. S. Andreae. vid. ad fm. S. Mar. Marcial. xiiaT. ad f. Nat. J. Bapt. Wmo. de Sto Leodegario, iis. Filio Philippi de Burci, i buz. Robto. Mufchet. iiiw. ad S. Mar. Marciali. lis. ad f. S. Mich. Rogero Bofcho. id. ad f. Purif. S. Mariae. Willo. filio Milonis, yid. ad f. S. Mich. Eccliae de Emnet, i^. et iia^. ad. f. S. Mich. Eccliae de Budichumbe ii^. ad f. S. Mich. De terra Londoniarum, i /tb. piperis ad f, S. Mich. Dno. de Budichum, i h'd. cimini ad fefl. S. Mich. Bafilae Moniali, ad Pafch. No. 3. REDDITUS DEBITI MONACHIS DE DENE. Istt debeat redditus ex elemosina. Ex dono Gilberti de Monemuto de fuo molendino de Hope vs. in perpet. Unam cartam habemus ad vinum. \^This means that the grant was made in order to find the Monks in wt'ne.] Ex dono Rogeri de Pultun, vs. in perpet. Chartam habemus ad hofpitium. l^Tht's signifies, I believe, for the relief of strangers, or travellers^ Ex dono Adas de Blacheneia ii^. in perpet. i carta habemus ad lumen, et . ad hoftias. \^This signifies to find them candles or tapers for the Altars, and to find them the host or holy wafer.'] Notes I, 2 and 3 above are by Sir Tbos. Phillipps, Bart ffla.xlt^ ^"bti. 131 Ex dono Johis. de Munemuta, dimid. marc, de terra in Hope, ad 4 term. Chrifti Nat., Pafch., S. Johis,, et S, Mich. Wmi. Sacer.. de Ruwordin xii^. in Affumptione. Laurentius de Ruwordin xii^, in Affumptione. Eiyas de Ruwordin yid. in Affumptione. Odericus dux de Ruwordin iiii*^. in Affumptione, 1, or Hawere xii^. ; \id. in die Affumt. et yid. in die O.S. Adam filius Petri, vid. in Affumptione. Radus. frater ejus, iiii^. in Affumptione. Alwredus frater ejus, iiiiif. in Affumptione. Thomas Spichfet iiii^, in Affunaptione. na de Caftello Godrici, yi^. in annuitat. et ad obitum fuurti aliquam cognicionem de catallis fuis. WmO. de la More de Ros, vi«f in Affumptione. Mabilia Monialis, Hid. Matildis filia Dru. iii^. Robtus. Balle de Walford \id. ad Pentecoft., et ad obit, fuum, unum de melioribus catallis fuis. Alex, de Sto. Briavel, clericus, quolibet anno 6 focc. Hsec pertinent ad cantariam. Roger Dun, et mater ejus, xiid. et unum cannoc. bladi. Wmus. focius ejufdem Rogeri, iiiiia?. ad S. Michel. — Ifti manent apud Walford. Hugo Mufchet quolibet anno id. et ad obit, fuum aliquam cognitionem de catallis fuis. Adam Foreftarius de Bikenor, fimiliter. Ernaldus Ruffus, fimiliter. GUebertus Talbot xii^. in perpet. Cartam habemus ad lumea. Roger de Buevile 4 cannoc. frumenti — ad hoftias. Rogerus Carpentarius de Dimmoc iid. Hugo de la Hulle iiiid. ad Purif. Ricardus Fabet de Sidebire, iiii^f. ad Purif. Adam le Orblowere iiii^. in die Annunc. Robt. Granter de Monemut pro libra cerse unde reddere folebat vi^. redditus , dat. in perpet. terra de quod in Munemut ad lumen. Wmi. de Bruneihoppe pater mi xiid. quolibet anno. Ofmundus et Gunnora uxor ejus, de Kenepet vi^. quolibet anno in Pal«iis. 132 JFIaxlc2 ^fi&es. No. 4. CARTA A. ABBATIS VALLIS DORE DE TERRA DE CLIMPERWELL. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego A. didlus Abbas Vallis Dore et ejufdem loci conventus communi affenfu conceffimus patribus noftris Monachis de Dene in perpetuum virgatam terrae in Climperwell tenendam de nobis in perpetuum ita libere et quiete ficut nos eandem melius tenuimus de Priore et Conventu Lantonias. Ita tamen quod illos tres folidos quos nos annuatim reddebamus Lanthonise Ecclefias praedidli Monachi de Dene loco noftro reddent fingulis annis prsefato Conventui Lantbonise pro omnibus fervitiis falvo fervitio Domini Regis. Nos autem dimittimus eis omne jus quod in praedidla terra habemus. Et cartam Prioris et Conventus Lanthonise eifdem Monachis reddidimus. Quod fi Priori et Conventui Lantbonise non place[a]t ut a Monachis de Dene folitum cenfum percipiant nobis reddetur, et ut poll eundem redditum canonicis perfolvemus. Propter diftani autem conceflionem nobis de Dene prsedidli Monachi 40 folidos [dederunt]. No. 5. CARTA ROGERI, PRIORIS LANTH6NI^ DE EADEM TERRA. Rogerus Prior Lanthoniae et ejus loci Conventus [univerfis] ad quos praefens carta pervenerit falutem. Notum fit vobis nos concefliffe Monachis de Dora unam virgatam terras in Climperwelle in perpetuum de nobis tenendam per tres folidos nobis annuatim ad feftum S. Michaelis inde nobis reddendos quam virgatam Helyas Giffard Ecclefiae noftras in perpetuam dedit [in puram] eleemofynam. Hanc autem dedimus et conceffimus fupradidlis Monachis in perpetuum [per didlos] tres foHdos de nobis tenendam liberam et quietam ab omni fervitio, excepto fervitio regis. Hiis teftibus Helya GiflFard, Willelmo de Stantun, Euftachio de Will., -Hugone Parmentario Philippo Clerico, -Leggi, Mauld de Lauda. JlaxlES ^liftes. 133 No. 6. CARTA GILEBERTI DE MONEMUTA (HANC HABET SACRISTA). Sciant tarn prasfentes quam futuri quod ego Gilebertus de Monemuta et Berta uxor mea et heredes mei donamus et concedimus fincerse pietatis afFedtu Deo et Beatse Mariae et Abbatiae de Dene in'perpetuam eleemofynam pro falute animaram noftrarum fimiliter prsedeceflbrum nQftrorum quinque folidos de reditu molendini de Ope ad terminum mediae quadragefitnag perfolvendos ad emendum vinum ad divinum officium ibidem eelebrandum et fi aliquo modo praedi6lum molendinum, quod Deus avertat, deciderit praedidli quinque folidi perfolvantur de gabulo pragdictae villae de Ope, Hae tamen conditione ut quinque folidi de pretio vini Monachorum ad diviha officia celebranda prius affignati pari et communi affenfu totius capituli- in reparatione librorum ponantur. Si quis autem in futuro banc conventionem temerarie infringere voluerit, praedidli quinque folidi mihi vel heredibus meis revocentur [? revertentur]. Hanc autem donationem ut [in] perpetuum rata et illibata perraaneat hac carta noftra munimine figilli noftri corroborata confirmavimus, Hiis teftibus Roberto tunc temporis Priore de Monemuta, Magiftro Rogero Medico de Glouceftria, Jacobo de Monemuta, Willelmo de Colevilla, Roberto filio Radulphi, Willelmo de Marifco, Willelmo de Hereford, Ada de Blakeneia tunc temporis Senefchallo, Radulpho de Wifham, Ricardo Marmiun, Stephano le Norreis, Obeflune, Thudrico de Thibertun, et multis aliis et audientibus et videntibus. No. 7. ITEM CARTA GILEBERTI DE ,QUIETANCIA. [H^C EST IN MANIBUS CELLERAII ET ILLA REG.] Sciant tarn praefentes quam futuri quod ego Gilebertus de Monemuta et Berta uxor mea et heredes mei donamus et concedimus Deo et Beatas Mariae et Abbatiae de Dene in perpetuam eleemofynam pro redemptione animarum noftrarum et fimiliter prasdecefforum noftrorum quietantiam de theloneo de omnibus rebus quas Monachi de Dena ad proprios ufus fuos emerint vel 134 iFlaxIeg ^Ir&es. vendiderint per totam terrain noftram necnon de paffagio et de omni confuetudine. Prohibemus autera ne quis eos inde vexare prsefumat. Hanc autem donacionem ut in perpetuum rata et illibata permaneat hac carta noftra munimine figilli noftri corroborata confirmavimus, Hiis tefbibus, Roberto tunc temporis Priore de Monemuta, Magiftro Eoger Medico Gloceftria, Jacobo de Monemuta, Willelmo de Colevilla, Roberto filio Radulphi, Willelmo de Marifco, Willielmo de Hereford, Ada de Blakenea tunc temporis Senefchallo, Radulpho de Wifham, Ricardo Marmiun, Stephano le Norreis, Obeffune, Thudrico de Thibertun, et multis aliis vel audientibus vel videntibus. In perpetuum. No. 8. CARTA WILLELMI DE BRAOSA DE QUIETANTIA. (H^C EST IN MANIBUS CELLARII.) Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus de Braofa Dominus de Brechen dedi et hac mea carta confirmavi Deo et ecclesise Sanctae Marise de Flaxeleya et Monachis ibidem Deo ferventibus pro falute animae mese et uxoris meae Matildis de Sandlo Walerico et puerorum noftrorum et amicorum et omnium anteceflbrum noftrorum quietantiam de tolneto et pa(fr)agio per totam terram meam ad tenendum de me et heredibus meis in perpetuam eleemofynam. Quare omnibus ballivis meis et hominibus firmiter praecipio ne illos Monachos vel homines illomm in aliquo fuper foriffadturam meam injufte gravetis et laboretis, nee gravari et labori eosdem permittatis. Hiis teftibus Willelmo et Philippo filiis meis ; Joanne Richard ; Ricardo le Hagan ; Willelmo de Waldebof ; Willelmo de Burh., Roberto de Burh., Waltero de Traveleg ; Waltero de Evreus ; Nicolao de Dammartin ; Macci [? Marco] Praepofito de Bergevenia ; Roberto Praepofito de Bergervenia. No. 9. CARTA WILLELMI DE MINERIIS DE ELEEMOSYNA. Univerfis Sandtae Ecclefiae filiis tam praefentibus quam futuris Willelmus de Mineriis falutem. Noverit univerfitas veftra me conceffiffe et in perpetuam eleemofynam dedifTe Deo et Abbatias Sanctae Mariae de Dene decern acras terrae jFlaxleg ^bbig. ^35 fub Caftpard (Cafthard) et unam acram prati inter praedidtam terrain et proximum fluvium pro falute mea et heredum meorum et pro animabns anteeefforuni meorum et omnium amicorum meorum. Igitur ut Mpnachi praediftae Abbatias banc eieemofynam liberam et quietam ab oninibus fervitii? et confuetudine et exadlione feculari a me et pofteris meis in eternuni poffideant figilli mei impreffione eonfirmo fub teftinjonio Henrici filii mei, Rogeri [de] Weftburia, Rogeri de Arden, Baderunis de Blecheden, Hngqnig de Sandlo Ligera, Galfridi de Albo Monafterio, Walteri clerici, Huberti clerici, Nicolai clerici. In perpetuum. No. lo. • . CARTA HENRICI FILII WILLIELMI DE MINERIIS DE ELEEMOSYNA. Univerfis Sanctae Matris Ecclefiae filiis Henricus . de Mineriis . falutem. Sciatis me conceffifle et hac carta mea . confirmafle Abbatiae de Dene eieemofynam patris mei ficut ejus carta teftatur. Infuper dedi et qonceffi Deo et Beat^ Mariae et praedictae Abbatiae pro animabus patris mei et fratris mei et heredum meorum et pro falute mea et [antecefforum] meorum terram illam quae eft inter terram quam Willelmus de Dene dedit pr3edictae_ Abbatiae et nemus defuper in perpetuam et firmani eieemofynam ■ pro qua Sancti Monachi praefatae Abbatige folebant in fingulis annis- [mihi unum] bizantium perfolvere. Ut autem haec donatio mea in pofterum rata maneat et in- concufla, banc cartam meam figilli mei fuppofitione eonfirmo et fubfcriptorum virorum teftimonio Walteri Map, Willelmi de Dene, et Galfridi, et • Mael' et Wilielmi filiorum ejus, Rogeri Militis,Baderonis de Blachedun, Rogeri de Herderne. In perpetuum. No. II. CARTA JOH ANNIS PICHARD. Sciant tam praefentes quam futuri quod ego Joannes Pichard et heredes mei pro falute noftra et tam praedecefforum quam fuccefforum noftrorum in plerio comitatu Gloeceftria, . Hamelino Muchegros tunc temporis Vicecomite 136 iJTaxIes ^iit>e2. loco Willelmi Marefcalli, remiffimus Deo et Beatae Marias de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus quicquid juris clamavimus in terra de Walemor quam praedidli Monachi habuerunt et tenent. Praedicti vero Monachi gratia hujus remiffionis noftrse concefferunt nobis pro falute noftra et parentum et amicorum noftrorum unius Monachi fufceptionem in Ecclefiam fuam ita ut in perpetuum uno decedente alius loco ejus fubftitutatur fecundum noftram reprefentationem. Pragterea fub eadem condicione et conventione prasfati Monachi duodecim marcas argenti mihi dederunt et filio meo et heredi Willelmo unum bizantium. Ut haec coventio et remiffio rata fit et inconcufla banc praefentem cartam figilli mei fuperpofitione et fidei interpofitione confirmo necnon et fubfcriptorum meorum [? virorum] tefl;imonio. Hiis [funt] teftes Willelmus Marefcallus, Henricus de Mineriis, Willelmus de Sancti Leodegario, Ricardus de Muchelgros, Nicolaus Avenel, Reinaldus de Gofintun, Milo Pichard, Willelmus heres ejus, Willelmus Poer, Radulphus Avenel, Rogerus nepos ejus, Ricardus clericus, Walterus de Aura, Robertus de Shlodlerus [?], Galfridus de Littletuna, Rogerus de Arderne, Galfridus filius Willelmi de Dene, cum multis aliis. No. 12.' CARTA HUGONIS LE PETIT DE ELEEMOSYNA. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Hugo le Petit dedi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene et monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus in perpetuam puram et liberam eleemofynam pro falute mea et tam antecefTorum quam heredum meorum terram meam in Neweham illam, fcilicet, totam quam Seftan Knif de me aliquando tenuit et eft juxta foffam Veteris Caftelli : et ut base mea donatio in perpetuum prsedidlis monachis ratae permaneat praefentem cartam figilli mei impreffione confirmavi. Hiis ■tefl:ibus Milone fratre meo ; Waltero de Aura tunc temporis Ballivo . de Neweham ; Luverico tunc Praepofito ; Rogero de Herderne ; Roberto Toll de Gloceftria ; Moyfe de Redleia, ■et multis aliis. In perpetuum. 1 Cartse No. 12 to No. 80 inclufive were not included in the extradls printed by the late Sir Thos. Phillipps at his private prefs. With the exception of No. 80, which is a catalogue of books belonging to the Flaxley Monks, and which appears to have been printed by the Royal Society of Literature, all the other documents, No. 12 to No. 79 inclufive, are now printed for the firfl, time. The text is from the Tranfcript of the Flaxley Cartulary made by the late Sir Thomas Phillipps himself. A copy of this tranfcript was made for the author by Mr. T. Fitz Roy Fenwick of Thirlellaine Houfe, Cheltenham. jFlaxleg ^tihes* 137 No. 13. CARTA GILBERTI TALEBOT DE ELEEMOSYNA. (HANC HABET SACRISTA.) Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Gilebertus Talebot dedi et concefli Deo at Beatae Marise de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus pro falute animae mese et uxoris mese Adelinae et puerorum raeorum et antecefforum meorum in perpetuam et liberam et quietam eleemofynam duodecim denarios annuatim de molendino de Ruddekefhall reddendos per ipfum in cujus manu molendinum fuerit ad feftum Sandli Michaelis Ita quod praedidli Monachi nihil aliud poffint exigere de me vel heredibus meis vel de illo qui molendinum tenuerit pra8ter prasdidlos duodecim denarios. Ut vero hsec donatio rata fit et perpetua de me et de heredibus meis, eis praefenti fcripto et figilli mei appofitione confirmavi. His teftibus, Drugone tunc temporis Vice Archi- diacono, Johanne Capellano meo, Willelmo filio Hingani, Galfrido de Dene Ricardo de Capella, Ada de Felileia, Ada de la Forda et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 14. CARTA AD^ DE BLAKENEIA DE ELEEMOSYNA. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Adam de Blakeneia heres patris mei Jordani de Blakeneia devoto [corde] concedo Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dena et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus eandem donationem foldae unius in Neweham quam praedidlus Jordanus fecit praedidlis Monachis. Solda autem ilia eft inter foldam Hivetenon et fabricam Johannis Fabri in Macello contra oftium dementis. Et quia volo ut haec donatio in perpetuum rata fit praefentem cartam figilli mei appofitione confirmo. His teftibus Waltero Perfona de Aura, et alio Waltero de Aura Clerico, Hugone de Blipeflau (Blitheflau), Luverico de Neweham, Geri [PGeraldo] de Neweham, Rogero filio Hugonis et multis aliis. In perpetuum. T 138 jTlaxIcg ^irbcg. No. 15. ITEM CARTA AD^ DE BLAKENEIA DE ELEEMOSYNA. (HANC HABET SACRISTA.) Sciant prjefentes et futuri quod ego Adam de Blakeneia et Balilia uxor mea pro falute noftra et heredum noftroruiti et praedecefforum noftrorum dedimus et conceffimus Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dena et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus in puram et perpetuam eleemofjmam duodecim denarios quos meffuagium Willielmi W[o]decoc nobis et praedecefforibus noftris folebat reddere et duodecim denarios quos mafnagium Galfridi Carbonarii nobis et praedecefforibus noftris folebat reddere. Ita fingulis annis quicunque tenuerint praedi(5la mafnagia ad feftum Sandli Michaelis reddent Sacriftas predidlae Abbatiae duos folidos ad emendum frumentum ad hoftias faciendas et ad emendum oleum ad tres lampades ardentes coram tribus Altaribus ad omnes miffas ibidem cantandas. PrasdicSti vero monachi nobis refignaverunt maf- nagium noftrum de Neweham quod illis prius dederamus et cartam noftram nobis reddiderunt. Si vero praedi6la mafnagia aliquo modo, (quod Deus avertat) deciderint, nos vel heredes noftri duos folidos annuatim praedidto Sacriftae ad praedi(5tum terminum five de Forgiis five de aliis redditibus noftris reftituemus. Et ut base donatio rata et firma in perpetuum permaneat praefenti carta figilli noftri impreffione corroborata confirmavimus. His teftibus, Willielmo de Dene, et Galfrido filio ejus, Willelmo filio Hingan, Waltero Clerico de Aura, Hugone de Blitheflawe, Luverico de Neweham, Geri [?] de Neweham et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 16. CARTA WILLELMI DE DENA. Sciant tam praefentes quam futuri quod ego Willelmus de Dena Regis Forefta- rius, dedi et conceffi Abbatiee de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus totam terram meam fub Caftiard pro amore Dei et falute animae mese et praedecefforum meorum necnon et uxoris meae et heredum meorum. Hoc idem concefferunt uxor mea Mathildis et heredes mei. Conventus vero prsedicti loci conceffit mihi et heredibus meis quod caritative retinebit monachum unum jnaxlejr ^tibeg. 139 acceptabilem et per me vel per heredes meos prsefentandum pro falute mea at [heredum] meorum in perpetuum. Ita ut uno decedente alius acceptabilis per me vel per heredes meos prsefentandus loco ejus fufcipiatur. Ut hsec conventio rata fit et inconcuffa hanc prefentem cartam figilli mei fuppofitione confirmo et fubfcriptorum virorum teftimonio, Hi funt teftes. Gaufridus filius et heres meus, Michael Sacerdos de Blechedun, et Baderun de Blechedun, Rogerus de Erdern, Rogerus et Willelmus de Chekelhille. In perpetuum. No. 17. CARTA GALFRIDI DE DENE, FILII EJUS. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Galfridus de Dene dedi et concefli Deo et Beatae Mariae et Monachis de Dene in perpetuam liberam et puram eleemofynam totam illam partem prati quam habeo in Pulmeda proximam gardino Henrici de Mineriis ficut ego et anteceffores mei plenius et liberius earn tenuimus, tenendam et habendam de me et heredibus meis pro falute mea et tam antecefforum quam heredum meorum et praecipue pro animabus patris et matris meae. Ut autem base donatio rata fit in perpetuum praefentem cartam figillo meo confirmavi. His tefl:ibus, Henrico de Mineriis, Baderune, de Blechedun, Ricardo de Blechedun, Rogero de. Erderne;- Maelo et Willelmo fratribus meis, Willelmo filio. meo, Alexandre de Dene, Ricardo filio Ranewin, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 18. ITEM CARTA GALFRIDI DE DENE SUPER EXCLUSAM ROGERI DE BOSCHO. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod loquela quae fuit inter Monachos de Dene et Galfridum de Dene fuper Exclufam molendini quod tenuit Rogerus de Bofcho ex confenfu utriufque partis terminata eft in hunc modum, fcilicet, q'uod ego Galfridus de Dene vel heredes mei vel aliquis alius qui de nobis tenuerit molendinum praedictum in perpetuum non removebimus Exclufam 140 Jlaxles ^bbeg. illam de qui lis fuit propius ponti Monachorum quam modo fita eft, fcilicet, xx" perticis longe a ponte Monachorum ad menfuram perticse regis. Pro hac autem conceffione et conventione prasdidti Monachi fecerint de propriis fumptibus fuperiorem exclufam qiias eft propter inundationes fa6ta [de novo] iterura earn reficient ex debito. Et quum nolo ut Monachi iterum graventur fuper hoc per me vel heredes meos vel per alium de nobis tenentem prsefenti chirographo et figillo meo prsedidlam conventionem confirmavi. His teftibus, Henrico de Mineriis, Waltero de Aura, Rogero de Ardern, Willelmo de Heliun, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 19. CARTA AD^ FILII FULCONIS DE ELEEMOSYNA. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Adam filius Fulconis de Chekefliill filii Anketil cum bona voluntate et admonitione Ifabellae uxoris meae dedi et concefli Deo et Beatae Marise et Monachis de Dene pro anima patris mei Fulconis et matris meae Edithae et animabus antecefforum noftrorum et pro falute mea et uxoris meae et fratrum meorum Durandi et Walteri in perpetuam puram et liberam eleemofynam tenendas de me et heredibus meis tres acras de dominicatu meo de Chekeftiill videlicet Bune Wei juxta fepera tredecim feillones et unam Goram et duas forerdas quantum eadem terra extenditur et omnes haec nominatae terrae funt pro una acra et dimidia. Et fuper aulam Marmiun et in Cubeworde quatuor feillones pro dimidia acra. Dedi etiam eifdem Monachis fex feillones Bunewei juxta dominicatum meum qui fuerunt de terra Ernaldi Fals (qu. Fabri) qui fcilicet juxta terram Johannis Difpenfatoris cum forerdis adeo longis. Dedi etiam eis illam partem meam prati apud fwell ad finem haicii fpinei Joannis Difpenfatoris qui habet ex parte de Weft pratum Henrici Marmiun, et ex altera parte hominum meorum. Haec omnia dedi prasdictis Monachis habenda et tenenda libera et quieta ab omni fervitio et confuetudine et exadlione et loquela. Ut haec donatio mea firma lit in perpetuum pragfentem cartam figilli mei impreffione confirmavi. His teftibus, Rogero de Weftbiri, Baderune de Blechedun, Gaufrido de Dene, Ricardo filio Baderonis, Rogero de Arderne, Johanne le Defpenfer, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 20. CONFIRMATIO HENRICI DE MINERIIS SUPER SUPERIOREM CARTAM. Sciant prsefentes et futuri quod ego Henricus de Mineriis pro falute mea et tam anteceflbruin quam heredum meorum concefli et hac mea carta con- firmavi Deo et Beatas Mariae de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus totam terram et omnem donationem quam Adam filius Fulconis eifdem Monachis dedit tenendam et habendam in perpetuum in omnibus libere et quiete et plenarie in perpetuam et puram eleemofynam, ficut carta quam prasfatus Adam praedidlis Monachis fecit, teftatur. His teftibus, Galfrido de Abenhale, Rogero de Weftbire, Willelmo de Heliun, Rogero de Arderne, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 21, CARTA PHILIPPI DE DUNIA DE ELEEMOSYNA. Sciant prsefentes et futuri quod ego Philippus de Dunia dedi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus pro falute mea et tam antecefTorum quam heredum meorum in perpetuam puram ^ et liberam eleemofynam duas acras in prato et in terra arabili quas habeo in Wadleie liberas et quietas ab omni fervitio et confuetudine ita quod ego et heredes mei adquietabimus praedictas duas acras tam de regali fervitio quam de omni alio et eas contra omnes homines warrantizabimus et quia volo ut haec mea donatio et conceflio rata maneat in perpetuum praefentem cartam figilli mei impreffione confirmo. His teftibus, Magiftro Reginaldo, Decano de Hamme, Roberto Capellano de Munfterworth, Willelmo fratre meo, Johanna uxore mea, Editha matre mea. In perpetuum. No. 22. CARTA HENRICI DE CHEKESHILL. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Henricus de Chekefliill concefli et prsefenti carta confirmavi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dena et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus totum pratum illud quod Rogerus frater mens dedit illis in Littlemore in eleemofynam perpetuam tenendum de me et heredibus meis 142 JFlaxUjj ^61)00. ita libere et quiete et plenarie ficut tenuerunt illud tempore Rogeri fratris mei, fcilicet, fecundum latitudinem tense Radulphi filii Eilwi ficut divifum eft a prato meo per foffatum. Pro hac autem conceffione et confirmatione dederunt mihi Monaehi fex folidos. Hanc confirmationem fideliter obfervandam manu mea affidavi et prsefenti cartae figillum meum appofui. His teftibus, Rogero de Weftbire, Eogero de Arderne, Moyfe de Redleia, Willelmo de Heliun, Radulpho Venatore, Henrico de Walemor, Rogero de Bofco, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 23. CARTA ROBERTI TOLI DE ELEEMOSYNA POST EJUS DECESSUM. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Robertus Toli pro falute mea et meorum dedi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus in perpetuam et liberam et puram eleemofynam terram illam quae eft inter terram Thomae de Monemuto et terram qu^ fuit Ricardi Sacerdotis de Chir- chefdun et eft de feodo Johannis de Evreus ut eam habeant et teneant plenarie poft dies meos per redditum tunc capitali Domino in die Sandli Ofwaldi duorum denariornm et oboli et ad Hoccedei Abbati Sandli Petri de Gloecef- tria quod et quarantena pro orto. Et ego in vita mea dabo de recognitione de eadem terra fingulis annis Ecclefiae de Dene unam libram cerse in AITumptione. Praeterea dedi eis terram meam ante Portam Caftelli quae eft inter portam infirmorum Sandli Sepulcri Gloeceftriae et aliam terram meam quae proxima eft et eft de feodo monachorum San(5li Dionyfii, ut eam habeant tam in vita mea quam poft in perpetuam et liberam eleemofynam reddendo praedidtis capitalibus dominis fingulis annis quatuor denarios et obolum in Rogationibus. Ut base mea donatio in perpetuum firma fit et ftabilis praefentem cartam figillo meo confirmavi. His teftibus Willelmo Burgeis, Ricardo Rufo, Ricardo filio ejus, Roberto Calvo, Ricardo filio Jordani, et aliis multis. In perpetuum. No. 24. CARTA WILLELMI NEXE. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus Nexe affenfu filiae et heredis meae et Ernaldi generi mei dedi Deo et Beatas Mariae et Monachis de Dene in perpetuam et quietam eleemofynam foldam meam in Neweham duodecim iFlaxlc2 ^bbcg* i43 pedum in latitudine et duodecim in longitudine intra parietes et eft contra foldam Luverici quam habet de Domo Hofpitalis Jerufalem juxta foldam quam prsedidli monachi habent ex dono Jordani de Blakeneia. Prasdidti vero monachi ex gratia fua pro paupertate mea caritative mihi dederunt decern et octo folidos. Hanc autem donationem praefenti carta et figillo meo cou- firmavi et infra appofitum eft figillum Walteri de Aura tunc temporis Baillivi de Neweham in teftimonio. His teftibus, Luverico de Neweham tunc prae- pofito, Willelmo de Staura, Ivone le Palmer, Geri ..., Ernaldo Fabro, et multis aliis in hundredo de Neweham. In perpetuum. No. 25. CONVENTIO INTER ABBATIAM DE DENE ET WILLELMUM HEREMITAM. Omnibus Sanctee Matris Ecclefiae filiis notum fit quod ego Ricardus dictus Abbas de Dene et ejufdem loci Conventus multis multorum petitionibus fufcepi curam Capellae de Herdlande in divino officio fuftineudo in perpetuum curam etiam omnium rerum et poffeffionum et laborum Willelmi ejufdem loci Heremitse, ad ejufdem Willelmi fuftentationem et eorum quos fecum habet nolentes per nos impediri bonum ejus propofitum. Quo propofuit fe in ardtiori vita fcilicet anachcoritica ibidem includere pro ftabilitate et pace regni et pro anima Regis Henrici a quo locum fufcepit, pro falute etiam Ricardi Regis et pacificorum [? benefadiorum] fuorum Ita ut praefato Willelmo . omnibus diebus vitae ipfius neceflaria miniftremus in vidlu, fcilicet, et in veftitii quantum pertinet ad Religionem Inclufi. Quod fi idem Willielmus prsedicta omnia in manibus noftras manutenere non poterit quantum per licentiam Epifcopi fui poterit ut ea nobis defendat curam adhibebit ficut pro rebus fuis, et non interim ei neceflaria miniftrabimus. Si autem nuUatenus potuerit in manus noftras [curam] prs^didlam revocare nos a praedidtis convehtionibus et permiffionibus liberi erimus. Et ne per nos vel per fucceffores noftros in pofterum divinum officium in praedi^a capella vel aliqua praefcriptarum conventionum ducatur in irritum praefens chirographum figillo noftro com- munimus. Teftibus Domino Willelmo Herefordenfi Epifcopo cujus confilio et in cujus praefentia haec fa<5ta funt, et figillo teftificata. Tefte etiam ejufdem ecclefiae Ricardo Decano et Capitulo. In perpetuum. 144 Jflaxku ^faieg. No. 26. CARTA ROGERI FILII RADULFI DE PULTUN. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Rogerus filius Radulphi de Pultun dedi Deo et Beatae Mariae et Monachis de Dene pro anima Comitis Willelmi de Warrewic et pro anima Comitiffae Margaretse de Oilli et pro falute heredum eorum et pro falute mea et uxoris meae Margaretae et anteceflbrum et heredum meorum in perpetuam et puram eleemofynam quinque folidos de redditu de terra quam Gilebertus de Felda tenuit et Goduwinus de Pultun ante eum reddendos annuatim in quatuor terminis, fcilicet, ad feftum Sandti Michaelis quindecim denarios, ad feftum S. Andreae totidem, ad feftum Sandlae Mariae in Martio totidem, in nativitate Sandli Johannis Baptiftae totidem, et de hoc redditu quinque folidorum eis fideliter reddendo in praedidlis terminis praefatus Gilbertus eis fecit fecuritatem et quicunque prasdidlam terram tenuerit poft eum faciet eis eandem fecuritatem juramento. Prasdidlam vero donationem ego et heredes mei contra omnes homines warrantizabimus. Quod fi ego vel heredes mei de praedidla terra aliud facere voluerimus praedidlis monachis alibi dabimus plenam valentiam antequam fint diffaifiati ne aliquid impedimentum vel damnum habeant de redditu quinque folidorum. Et hos quinque aflignavi nominatim ad emendos pannos ad ledlos pauperum hofpitum. Propterea ego et Margareta uxor mea reddidimus nos vivos et mortuos praedidlae ecclefiae de Dene, et corpora noftra ad fepulturam ubicunque obierimus. Et ut haec mea donatio ftabilis lit et perpetua de me et heredibus meis praefentem cartam figilli impreffione confirmavi. His teftibus, Richerio filio Radulfi, Johanne Lupo, Waltero de Aura, Waltero perfona de Aura, Roberto de Baioo, Waltero de Coleftun, Hugone de Blipeflawe, Nicolao de Pultun, Rogero Pichot, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 27. CARTA HUGONIS CHARKE DE ELEEMOSYNA. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Hugo Cherke cum affenfu et bona voluntate Hugonis filii et heredis mei et Johannae uxoris meae dedi et concefli Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus pro- falute JFlaxIeg ^ftlieg. 145 mea et tam antecefforum quam heredum meorum totam terrain meam qua& appellatur Eilfifcroft cum ilia forerda quae proxima eft a parte de North quam fcilicet Luverithus de Neweham tenuit ficut aqua eam dividit, tenendam de me et heredibus meis in perpetuum et puram et liberam eleemofynam Ita fcilicet quod ego et heredes mei in perpetuam warrantizabimus et adquietabimus praedidtam terram ab omni fervitio et confuetudine ficut puram eleemofynam noftram. Praedi6li vero monachis receperunt me et meos in omnibus beneficiis ecclefise fuae tam in morte quam in vita ficut fratrem ejufdem loci et ad petitionem meam receperunt corpus meum in fepulturam et corpus filii mei fi vxjluerit. Ita quod audito obitu meo venient propter me cum ecclefia parochiae meae habuerit fua jura de me. Pro hac autem donacione concedenda praedidti monachi dederunt filio meo Hugoni duos folidos et unam juvencam et ego et filius mens praedidtus pariter affidavimus de omnibus praedidlis donationibus fine dolo tenendis et ego prsefentem cartam figillo meo confirmavi. His teftibus Baderune de Blehchefdun, Rogero de Weftbiri, Galfrido de Dene, Willelmo de Boxa, et Ricardo fratre ejus, Arnulpho de Blakeneia, Luverico de Neweham, Ricardo filio Willelmi, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 28. CARTA RICARDI FILII WILLELMI DE ERLINGEHAM. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Ricardus filius Willelmi filii Gileberti filii Milonis de Erlingham concefli et liberavi Deo et Beatae Mariae et Monachis de Dene duodecim feillohes de terra mea, viz., quinque feillones in Cupleforerde et tres contra Maladeriam de Niweham extra Wallam et duos qui merchiant prato de Weftmere et duos qui merchiarit fupra forerdam Petri de Wike ex una parte et ex altera parte fupra Weft Walle Tenendos et habendos de me et heredibus meis in perpetuum in feodi firma liberos [et] quietos ab omni fervitio et confuetudine et exadlione Reddendo fingulis annis mihi vel heredibus meis fex denarios pro omni fervitio ad feftum S. Michaelis. Ego vero et heredes mei prasdidlam terram pragfatis Monachis contra omnes homines warrantizabimus et adquietabimus et pro hac confen- tione tenenda dederunt praefati Monachi mihi viginti folidos et unum bovem juvenem et unum pullum mafculum trium annorum et agnos crifpos xxxviiii de introitu. Et ut hoc ratum et firmum permaneat dextera mea afiidavi et V J 46 Jflaxlcg a&beg. praefenti carta figillo meo imprefla confirmavi. Et pro hac padtione conce- denda dederunt praefati Monachi Willelmo patri meo quatuor folidos et duodecim denarios ad fuas botas emendas. His teftibus, Rogero de Buivile, Willelmo filio Milonis, Rogero de Leinch, Roberto filio Bertram!, Ricardo iilio Aeluredi, Hugone Cherke, Luverico de Neweham, Gerhi, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 29. ITEM ALIA CARTA EJUSDEM RICARDI. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Ricardus filius Willelmi filius Gilberti filius Milonis de Herlingham conceffi et dedi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus pro falute mea et Mathildis uxoris meae et praedeceflbrum meorum in perpetuam et puram eleemofynam ilium feillionem de terra mea in Herlingham qui merchiat prato de Weftmere, et oinum feillionem de Grandi Acra quam habeo in Glefmero in middel furlong qui proximior {st'c) eft Herlingeham et totam fuperiorem partem croftas meae divifam autem a fuperiori angulo grangiae meae per medium ufque ad gardinum Roberti Knivet totam ufque ad viam fuperiorem. Similiter conceffi eis introitum et exitum per inferiorem partem praefatae croftae abfque omni impedimento vel contradidlione ficut eis opus fuerit. Et base praedidla habebit et tenebit in perpetuum libera et quieta ab omni fervitio et omni confuetudine et exadlione et ego et heredes mei warrantizabimus et acquietabimus haec predidta contra omnes homines ficut puram eleemofynam meam. Ego etiam Ricardus et Mathildis xixor mea dedimus nofmet ipfos vivos et mortuos Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene ibique locum fepulturae nobis elegimus. Et quia volui banc donationem meam ratam in perpetuum permanere eam praefenti carta figillo meo imprefla confirmavi. His teftibus Rogero de Buivilla, Willelmo filio Milonis, Rogero .de Leinch, Roberto filio Bertrami, Ricardo filio Aluredi, Lewerico de Neweham, Geri, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 30, CONFIRMATIO WILLELMI PATRIS EJUSDEM RICARDI. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus filius Gileberti filius Milonis pro falute mea et uxoris meas Helenae et tam anteceflbrum quam heredum meorum dedi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dena et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus in perpetuam et puram eleemofynam duos feilliones de terra me a in Herlingham, quorum unus eft fub Berdun quartus in Crofta a parte auftrali, alter eft in Weftmere in Sidefurlung inter feilHonem Jacobi filii Dolfin et forerdam Rogeri filii Andreae, liberos et quietos ab omni fervitio et confuetudine. Ita quod ego et heredes mei praedi6tos feilliones praefatis monachis warrantizabimus et contra omnes homines acquietabimus ficut puram eleemofynam. Dedi etiam corpus meum ad eundem locum in fepulturam Conceffi etiam et confirmavi eis omnes conventiones et donationes quas Ricardus filius meus eis fecit. Ut autem haec mea donatio et conceffiones mese ratse maneant in perpetuum eafdem tenendae manu mea affidavi et prsefentem cartam figillo meo confirmavi. His teftibus Rogero de Buivill, Rogero filio Ricardi, Roberto filio Bertrami, Gilberto filio Ernaldi, Lewerico de Neweham, Ricardo filio Aeluredi, Geri, Rogero filio Roberti, et Jordano fratre ejus, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 31.' CARTA ROBERTI MUSCHET DE CONVENTIONE. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Robertus Mufchet cum aflenfu et voluntate Helenae uxoris meae et Roberti filii mei dedi et conceffi et hac carta mea confirmavi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene et monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus quinque acras terrae meae quas dudum dederam eis quarum tres et dimidia jacent per fe et furlungum meum vertitur fupra illas ; et una et dimidia ficut inter terram meam et pratum meum juxta Walemor quod Ernaldus de Chekefhill olim tenuit et eft inter pratum Henrici de Chekeftiill et pratum meum. Praeterea conceffi eis tenendam de me et heredibus meis totam terram quam Ricardus Prelbyter tenuit de me tam in Linleg quam fupra vineam de Walemor Reddendo annuatim mihi vel heredibus meis quatuor folidos pro omni fervitio falvo fervitiis Domini Regis cum evenerit in terra quas fuit praedi<5ti Ricardi ficut praedi6lus Ricardus solebat, fcilicet, de redditu duos folidos ad feftum San6li Michaelis et duos folidos ad Sandlam Mariam in Martio. Praeterea remifi praedidtis Monachis totum jus quod clamavi in quatuor acris eorum quze funt juxta terram praedidli Ricardi quas clamavi in illis feillionibus eorum juxta terram praedidlam fupra vineam et totum jus quod clamavi in terra eorum quam tenet Walterus le Hunte. Ut haec omnia praedidla habeant et teneant libera et quieta ab omni fervitio et confuetudine nifi quod prius quam didlam terram Ricardi [habeant] dabunt quatuor folidos et fervitium m8 JFlaxleg a^trbeg. Regis, dederunt mihi praedidti Monachis pro omnium confirmatione et con- ceffione tres marcas argenti et recepi de Abbate Alano yiginti folidos Ita quod ego vel heredes mei praedidlam terram vel pratum Monachis warrantizare per aliquam violentiam non poterimus rationabile efcambium eis faciemus vel prasdidlam fummam denariorum eis reddemus. Omnes praedi6tas donationes et remiffiones et conventiones firmiter tenendas et defendendas ego et uxor mea H. et filius meus Robertus pariter affidavimus et ego praefentem cartam ligillo meo confirmavi. His teftibus Domino Willelmo Abbate de Bordefley, Adam Cappellano de Hehhamftud Ricardo facer[dote] qui fupradi<5lam terram tenuit, Roberto Tholi, Willelmo de Heliun, Rogero de Erderne, Hugo Wither, Rogero Wither. In perpetuum. No. 32. ITEM ALIA EJUSDEM ROBERTI MUSCHET DE ELEEMOSYNA. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Robertus Mufchet cum affenfu et bona voluntate Helenae uxoris meae et Robert! filii mei pro falute noftra et antecefforum et heredum noftrorum dedi et concefli et hac carta confirmavi Deo et Beatse Marise de Dena et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus totam terram quam Ricardus Prefbyter tenuit de me tam in Linleg quam fupra vineam de Walemor ficut earn plenius tenuit Tenendam de me et heredibus meis in perpetuam eleemofynam, et liberam ab omni fervitio et confuetudine nifi quod annuatim reddent mihi vel heredibus meis eundum redditum quem predidlus Ricardus folebat reddere, fcilicet, duos folidos ad feftum Sandti Michaelis et duos folidos ad Sandlam Mariam in Martio, Praeterea confirmavi eis illas quinque acras quas dudum dederam eis Tenendas in puram et per- petuam eleemofynam quam tres et dimidia per fe jacent et furlungum meum vertitur fuper illas et una et dimidia inter terram meam. Item confirmavi eis in eleemofynam puram pratum illud juxta Walemor quod Ernaldus de Chekeftiill olim tenuit et eft inter pratum meum et pratum Henrici de Chekelhill. Remifi etiam prsedidtis Monachis totum jus quod clamavi in terra eorum quam tenuit Walterus le Hunte. Omnia praedidta dedi eis habenda et tenenda in perpetuam eleemofynam et quietam ab omni fervitio praeterquam quod dabunt pro fupradi6ta terra Ricardi Prefbyteri quatuor folidos et praedi<5tas donationes firmiter tenendas et ficut proprias terras noftras pro poffe noftro defendendas. Ego et uxor mea Helena et filius meus Robertus pariter affidavimus ; et ego praefentem cartam figillo meo confirmavi, Ita tamen ut Monachi refpondeant pro fervitio Domini Regis. His teftibus Ada Capellano de Hehhamftude, Ricardo Sacerdote qui fupradidlam terram tenuit, Roberto Tholi, Willelmo de Heliun, Rogero de Erderne^ Hugone Wither, Rogero Wither. No. 33. ITEM ALIA CARTA HUGONIS CHERKE DE ELEEMOSYNA. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Hugo Cherke dedi et conceffi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus in perpetuam et puram eleemofynam communem pafturam totius terrae meae averiis fuis ficut meis propriis averiis et bobus fuis cum bobus meis. Similiter idem monachi concefferunt mihi et heredibus meis communam fuam averiis meis cum averiis fuis. Hanc autem eleemofynam warrantizabimus ego et heredes mei in perpetuum praedidlis monachis contra omnes homines et ut haec donatio rata et firma permaneat praefenti carta figillo meo imprefla confirmavi. His teftibus, Galfrido de Dene, Rogero de Weftburi, Rogero de Erderne^ et Petro filio ejus, Raderune de Blechesdun, et Ricardo filio ejus, et aliis multis. No. 33. A.' CARTA ROBERTI DE MAUS QUAM FECIT GILBERTO DE DIMMOC. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Robertus de Maus confenfu uxoris meae Salernas et confenfu Walteri heredis mei conceffi et dedi Gilberto fervienti Henrici Kais pro amicitia et fuo magno fervitio quod mihi fecit quatuordecim acras terrae feminabilis et tres acras et dimidiam prati videlicet de meo dominio fex acras terras feminabilis quarum tres funt in Campo de Refmes ac proximiores Tuckelega, una in Pirifeld juxta Springwellam, et duae acrae in Campo de Rinlega juxta foffam propiorem villae. Item dedi ei totam terram quam 1 This number as it ftands is an additional number, No. 33, of the printed Index is as follows "Ditto Hugonis Cherke de communa pallurse Roberti de Maws de terra in Tuckeleg" Carta No. 32 does not refer to Robert de Maws at all, and it is clear that two feparate grants have been mixed up together. 150 jFIaxleg aftlies- Ricardus Yliun tenuit cum omnibus fuis pertinentiis in bofco, in prato, viis, femitis, planis, pafturis Praeterea dedi ei tres acras et dimidiam in Brademeda quas praefatus Henricus tenuit de me. Item dedi ei totam pafturam de 'Ombercrofte tenendam de me et heredibus meis fibi et heredibus fuis liberam [et] quietam ab omni fervitio excepto Regali fervitio videlicet pro duodecim denariis annuatim reddendis pro omni fervitio vid. ad duos anni terminos ad Sandlam Mariam Martialem fex denarios, ad S. Michaelem fex denarios. Hanc autem donationem et liberalitatem feci ei pro fuo fervitio nominatim pro duabus marcis argenti quas mihi dedit per partes, et praeterea pro una tunica de perffeburneta de tribus et dimidia ulnis quam dedit Johannae filiae meas et [pro] uno peplo de feia [?ferico] quem dedit eidem Johannae et pro lino gladio quem dedit Waltero heredi meo pro fuo confenfu, et quia volo eum ore fecurum de me et pofteris meis carta mea figillo meo imprefla corroberavi. His teftibus, Thoma de Sandlo Nicolao, Roberto Sacerdote de Thingeworde Henrico Kais, Ede... de Bares, Herberto de Ledene, Willelmo filio Uvenat, Ernaldo de Walefword, Gocelino filio fuo, Johanni fratre fuo, "Galfrido de Breuwerne Regis Pincerna, Amifio de Tuckelega, Roberto filio Swein, Helia Kelnefwombe, Johanne Clerico et toto Halimoto de Breuwerne. No. 34.' ITEM ALIA [Cx\RTA] EJIJSDEM ROBERTI GILBERTO. Notum fit univerfis quod ego Robertus de Maus tradidi et conceffi Gileberto bomini Henrici Kais et praepofito Glouceftriee affenfu uxoris meae Salernag et Walteri heredis mei et omnium heredum meorum totam terram quae fuit "Wimundi in Briwerne in prato in paftura in campo in vias in femitis et in ■omnibus (fcilicet) pro fervitio fuo et homagio et pro una marca argenti et pro quibusdam calcaribus argenteis, Tenendam de me et heredibus meis fibi et heredibus fuis liberam et quietam pro (ab) omnibus fervitiis excepto fervitio Domini Regis quod praedi6lae terrae pertinet. Reddendo fingulis annis duos folidos et fex denarios ad feftum San6li Andreae Apoflioli fex denarios et ad feftum San6ta5 Mariae Martialis fex denarios, ad feftum nativitatis Sandli Joannis Baptiftas fex denarios, ad feftum S. Egidii duodecim denarios. Quia lioc ratum et inconcuffum volo fieri hac carta mea prasfenti et figillo meo 1 This grant appears in the printed Index as " No. 34 ditto ditto in Brewerne." jFlaxles afiieg. 151 confirmavi coram his teftibus Henrico Kais tunc Praepofito, Ede (?) de Bares, Reginaldo Capellano de Effelefworde, Ernaldo de Walefworde, Ernaldo de Effelefworde, Galfrido . de Briwerne, Willelmo clerico filio Aluredi Albi, Roberto filio Swein, Amifio de Tuckelia, Waltero fratre Galfridi, Ricardo Sacrifta Abbatias S. Petri, Johanne Clerico filio Ricardi Draperii, et pluribus aliis. In perpetuurn. No. 35. CONFIRMATIO WALTERI FILII ROBERTI DE MAUS QUAM FECIT GILEBERTO. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Walterus de Maus dedi et concefli et prefenti carta mea confirmavi Gileberto fervienti Henrici Kais omnes terras quas idem Gilebertus tenuit de Roberto de Maus patre meo tenendas de me et de heredibus meis illi et heredibus fuis ita libere et quiete in bofco et piano in pratis et pafcuis in campis et viis in omnibus libertatibus et liberis confue- tudinibus per idem fervicium quod Robertus de Maus pater meus prsedidlo Gileberto et heredibus fuis confirmaverit, et ficut ei ejufdem cartae teftantur. Ut autem haec mea conceflio rata et inconcuffa perfeveret praefenti carta figilli mei impreflione munita praefato Gileberto et heredibus suis corroboravi. Et praeter banc conceffionem et confirmationem dedit mihi praefatus Gilebertus duos bizantios. His teftibus Thoma Pic Capellano, Willelmo Keis, Ernaldo Ketelb, et Herberto filio ejus, Ada filio Fulconis, Galfrido de Briuwerne, Amifio de Tuckeleia, Roberto filio Swein et multis aliis. In perpetuurn. No. 36. CARTA GILEBERTI DE DIMMOC QUAM FECIT NOBIS. Sciatit praefentes et futuri quod ego Gilebertus de Dimoc ferviens quondam Henrici Kais dedi Deo et Beatae Mariae de Dena et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus in perpetuam hereditatem et liberam eleeomfynam totam terram meam de Briuwerna quam habui et tenui de Domino meo Roberto de Maus et poftea de filio et herede ipfius Walteri de Maus, mihi et heredibus meis 152 JFIaxleg abbcg, ficut cartae eorum teftantur. Ita quod praedi<5ti Monachi fingulis annis perfolvent prasdidlo Waltero vel heredibus fuis tres folidos et fex denarios pro omni fervitio falvo fervitio domini Regis videlicet octodecim denarios ad feftum S. Michaelis fex denarios, ad feftum S. Andreae duodecim denarios, ad feftura S. Mariae in Martio et fex denarios ad nativitatem S. Johannis. Ut autem haec donacio quam praedidtis Monachis ficut heredibus meis feci rata fit in perpetuum praefentem cartam figilli mei impreffione confirmavi His tefliibus Willielmo Kais, Thoma Pic Capellano, Ricardo Clerico Caftelli, Roberto Tholi, Ricardo Rufo, Ricardo filio Jordani, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 37. CONFIRMATIO WALTERI DE MAUS QUAM FECIT NOBIS SUPERIORIS CART^. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Walterus de Maus concefli et hac carta mea confirmavi Monachis de Dena totam terram illam quam Gilebertus de Dimuc ferviens quondam Henrici Kais illi dedit in perpetuam hereditatem ^t puram eleemofynam ficut carta ejufdem Gileberti teft:atur quam fecit praedi(3;is Monachis totam, fcilicet, quam tenuit et habuit in Briuwern primo de patre meo Roberto de Maus, pofl;ea de me et heredibus meis fibi et heredibus fuis ut praedi<5ti Monachi earn habeant et teneant de me et heredibus meis in perpetuum ut heredes ejufdem Gileberti ex conceflione mea, Ita liberam et quietam ab omni fervitio et confuetudine ab omnibus querelis et exadtionibus ficut unquam prefatus Gilbertus earn melius tenuit et habuit et ut carta patris mei et mea eidem Gilberto tefl;antur pro tribus folidis et fex denariis mihi vel heredibus meis annuatim folvendis pro omni fervitio falvo fervitio Regali. Et pro hac conceflione et confirmatione praedidti Monachi dederunt mihi decem folidos et unam tunicam. Hanc autem conceflionem et confirmationem in omnibus fideliter et fine dolo tenendam manu mea affidavi. Ita quod nulla arte et ingenio praefatum Gilbertum vel ipfos monachos gravabo in omnibus praedidtis et praefentem cartam figillo inea confirmavi. His teftibus Jocelino de Walefword et Milone fratre ejus ; Ada filio Fulconis et Durando fratre ejus, Henrico de Bares, Ricardo Rufo de Glouceftria, Roberto Tholi, Ricardo iilio Jordani, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. Jlaxleg ^be2' i53 No. 38. CARTA WILLELMI DE PARCHO QUAM FECIT NOBIS. Sciant prsefentes et futuri quod ego Willelmus de Parcho totum jus quod clamavi in terra quam tenuit jure hereditario Gilbertus de Dimuc quondam ferviens Henrici Kais de Roberto Maus in Briuwern, Deo et Beatas Marias de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus quietum clamavi ; Ita quod praedidli Monachi tenebunt terram illam de me et de heredibus meis in perpetuum liberam et quietam ab omni fervitio quod ad me et heredes meos pertinet, falvo fervitio Domini Regis, fingulis annis reddendo mihi vel heredibus meis tres folidos et fex denarios, videlicet, ad feftum S. Michaelis odtodecim denarios, et ad feftum S Andreae fex denarios, et ad feftum S. Marias in Martio duodecim denarios, et ad nativitatera S. Johannis Baptiftse fex denarios. Ita quod tenebunt terram illam liberam et quietam in pratis in viis in pafturis et in omnibus locis ad prasdidtam terram pertinentibus, ficut cartae quas ipfe Gilebertus habuit de Roberto de Maus et Waltero de Maus teftantur. Pro hac autem conceflione mea dederunt mihi prasdidli Monachi duas marcas et dimidium. Praeterea divinae pietatis intuitu dedi et copceffi Deo et Beatas Marias de Dene et Monachis ibidem Deo fervientibus in perpetuam et puram eleemofynam totam partem meam gurgitis de BoUewere quem gurgitem Walterus de Maus mihi dedit et carta fua confirmavit, et iter quod ad pre- didlum gurgitem extendit, et unam placiam ad faciendum molendinum unura ad ventum in capite de Pireforlong fupra cheminum quod vadit ad villam. Hanc autem donationem et prasdidlam conceflionem praedidtis Monachis contra omnes homines ego et heredes mei warrantizamus, et ut haec donatio et conceffio mea futuris temporibus rata et inconcuffa permaneat eam prefenti carta et figillo meo confirmavi. His teftibus, Rogero de Weftbiri, Roberto Achard, Waltero Wiberti, Roberto de Felda, Ada filio Fulconis, Ricarda Rufo et Ricardo filio ejus, Ricardo fiHo Jordani, Roberto Tholi, et multis aliis. ■ - .. No.- 39. CONFIRMATIO. WALTERI DE MAUS QUAM FECIT NOBIS SUPERIORIS CARTAE, Sciant prsefentes et futuri quod ego Walter Maus affignavi et conceffi quod Monachi de Dene fervitium quod pertinebat ad me et heredes meos de w ^54 Jlaxleg lilies* terra quam Gilebertus quondam ferviens Henrici Kais tenuit jure hereditario de patre meo et me et heredibus meis in Briuwern ficut carta mea et carta patris mei teftantur faciant Willelmo de Parcho cui et heredibus fuis prsedidlum fervitium totum dedi et concefli pro fervitio fuo et quietum clamavi. Ita quod mihi et heredibus meis de terra ilia vel de pertinentiis fuis in uUo refpondebunt Monachi prasdidli. Praeterea donationem et conceffionem quam idem Willelmus divinse pietatis intuitu in puram et perpetuam elemofinam fecit praedidtis Monachis de parte fua gurgitis de BoUewere et de itinere quod ad praedidlum gurgitem extendit et de placia una ad faciendum molendinum ad ventum in capite de Pirefurlong fupra cheminum quod vadit ad villam ratam et gratam habeo et prefenti carta mea et figillo meo confirmavi. His teftibus Rogero de Weftburi, Roberto Achard, Waltero Wiberti, Roberto de Felda, Ada filio Fulconis, Ricardo Rufo et Ricardo filio ejus, Ricardo filio Jordani, Roberto Tholi, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 40. CHIROGRAPHUM ROBERTI CAPELLANI. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Ricardus di(5lus Abbas de Dene et ejufdem loci conventus tradidimus et conceflimus Roberto Capellano filio Ofmundi de Neweham illud foldagium in Neweham quod praefatus Ofmundus dedit Ecclefiae noftrae in eleemofynam perpetuam tenendam de Ecclefia noftra in feodi firmam fibi et heredibus fuis in perpetuum. Ita fcilicet quod heres ejus fit quemcunque ipfe defignaverit liber et quietus per duodecim denarios annuatim reddendos nobis pro omni fervitio qiiod ad nosipertineat in duobus terminis, fcilicet, ad feflium S. Michaelis fex denarios et ad Sandlam Mariam in Martio fex denarios. Et idem Robertus- fecit nobis fecuritatem quod pras- di6lam terram nee dabit nee veridet neclefcambiabit -jiec' iti vadium ponet nee ad alium locum religionis' transferet, nee alio rtiodo a nobis aHenabit fine licentia noftra etheredes "ejus cum fibi fuccedant eandem nobis facient fecuritatem. Hanc coHceffioneffi firraiter tenendam et warrantizandam prasfenti chiro- grapho confirmayimu?-. Sigillum vero noftrum propter perfidiam Judaeorum non appofuimus. His teftibus Waltero de Aura, Lewerico filio Stermari,' Simeone tunc temporis praepofito, Galfrido filio Radulphi de Dene, Ricardo fabro, et filio ejus Jordano, Aluredo filio . Wimundi, Ivone le Palmer, et filio ejus Jordano, et Hundredo de Neweham. In perpetuum. JFIaxleg Wit^, 15s No. 41. CHIROGRAPHUM JOANNIS LE IREMONGERE. Sciant prsefentes et futuri quod ego Ricardus didlus Abbas de Dene et ejufdem loci conventus dedimus et Coneeflimus Joanni le Irmongere et heredibus fuis terram nofbra.m in Neweham quam habemus de Ernaldo Foreftario quam et ipfe habuit de Waltero le Mew et eft tercia terra a flumine, tenendam de nobis in feodo firmam libere et quiete pro duobus folidis annuatim reddendis, fcilicet, in Annunciatione S. Mariae duodecim denarios, et ad feftum S. Michaelis duodecim denarios. Ita quod ipfe vel heredes fui prsedidlam terram nee vendent nee dabunt nee in vadiraonium ponent nee efeambiabunt nee alio modo ab eeclefia noftra alienabunt fine licentia noftra. Pro hac coneeffione praedidtus Joannis heimagium feeit Eeclefias noftrse eum juramento de prsedi(5la coilventione ex parte fua fideliter tenenda et duodecim denarios dedit nobis in iritroitu et. nos ei et heredibus fuis banc coneeflionem hujus ehirograpK diyifione eonfirmamus. His teftibus, Luverico tune praepofito, Geri, Rogerd filio Hugpnis, Ada le Flamene et pleno Hundredo de Neweham. In perpetuum. No. 42. CHIROGRAPHUM JOHANNIS AIDANI. Sciant prasfentes et futuri quod ego Ricardus didlus Abbas de. Deneet ejufdem loci conventus coneeflimus Joanni filio Aidani tenendam de nobis fibi et heredibus fuis in feodo et hereditate medietate(m) terras noftrse quae fuit quondam Agnetis liberam et quietam ab omni fervitio quod ad nos pertineat per viginti et unum denarios annuatim reddendos fcilicet ad feftum S. Marias in Martio decem denarios et obolum et totidem ad feftum S. Michaelis. Eft autem ilia medietas proximior terrae Galfridi filii Radulphi filii Galfridi. Pro hae coneeffione praedidtus Joannes homagium feeit ecclefiae noftrae et fecuri- tatem quod terram praefatam nee dabit nee vendet nee efcambiabit nee in 156 jFlaxleg Wbt^. vadium ponet nee ad alium locum religionis transferet nee alio modo ab ecclefia noftra alienabit fine licentia noftra, et heredes [ejus cum] ei fuecedant eandem nobis facient fecuritatem. His teftibus Waltero de Aura tunc ballivo de Neweham, Luverico de Neweham, Geri, Simeone, Ivone le Palmer, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 43. CHIROGRAPHUM ROGERI PARIS DE GLOUCESTRIA. Seiant prsefentes et futuri quod ego ' Ricardus Abbas de Dene et ejufdem loci eonventus conceflimus Rogero de Paris et heredibus ejus terram noftram in Glouceftria quam habuimus de divifa Henrici Kais et eft inter terram Willelmi le Macecrer et terram Jordani le Saluer tenendam de nobis in feodi firmam libere et quiete pro duobus folidis pro omni fervicio annuatim reddendis in quatuor terminis, fcilicet, in Natali Domini fex denarios, ad S. Mariam in Martio fex denarios, ad Natale S. Joannis Baptiftae fex denarios, ad S. Miehaelem fex denarios ita quod pr3edi(5tus Rogerus vel heredes fui praedidlam terram nee dabunt nee vendent nee efeambiabunt nee in vadium ponent nee alio modo ab Ecclefia noftra alienabunt fine licentia noftra. Pro hac eonceffione prsedidlus Rogerus homagium fecit ecclefiag noftrae cum juramento de prsedidta conventione ex parte fua fideliter tenenda et redditu noftro in fuis terminis reddendo et heredes fui cum fibi fuecedant eandem nobis facient fecuritatem praedidlam conventionem praefenti chirographo teftamur et eonfirmamus. His teftibus, Roberto Tholi, Ricardo le Rus, Roberto Calvo, Ricardo filio Jordani, Helya Praepofito de Glouceftria, Radulpho Auri-fabro, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 44. CHIROGRAPHUM SIGILLATUM ROGERI DE BOSCO. (Alium habemus ad terminum.) Seiant prselentes et futuri quod ego Rogerus de Bofco poft conventionem faftam inter me et Monachos de Dene tempore A. Abbatis (?per quam) ego tenebam de ilUs tres acras illas quas Pater mens dedit illis in eleemofynam inter domum meam et Efhul et ipfi tenebant de me terram de Alefworde in feodi firmam reddendo fingulis annis fex denarios remifi domino Ricardo Abbati et praedidtis monachis de fex praedidlis denariis quinque denarios pro falute animae meas et meorum et pro una vacca cum vitulo [quam] mihi dederunt. Ita vero in perpetuum ipli teneant de me et heredibus meis terram de Aldefword pro tribus acris pr3edi(5lis et unum denariura annuatim reddendo. Remifi etiam praedidlis Monachis oranem querelam de ftagnis, foffatis et vivariis et removebo exclufam meam a ponte monachorum et fie eam locabo ut fine damno mona- chorum et ad voluntatem eorura componatur. Conceffi etiam eis aifias fuas in quarreria mea de Efhul fecundum meum et confilium meum. Hanc conventionem in omnibus fideliter tenendam ego affidavi. His tefl;ibus Rogero de Wefl;biri, Willelmo de Munfterword, Galfrido de Dena, et fratribus fuis Maiolo et Willelmo, Philippo de Dunia, Rogero de Ardern, Godfrido Cadel, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 45. CHIROGRAPHUM ERNALDI CLERICI DE DIMMOC. Sciant praefentes et futuri hanc effe conventionem inter Ernaldum cfericum de Dimmoc et Monachos de Dene quod praedidlus J'lrnald.us conceflSt Monachis deeimas fuas liberas et quietas de terris quas iu parochia excoluerunt de Dimmoc propter duos folidos ad fefl:um S. Michaelis fingulis annis reddendos. Ut haec conventio futuris temporibus rata habeatur legitimorum nofl;rorum teflimonio eam confirmamus qui propriis nominibus exprimuntur ; Walterus de Keteford, Ricardus de Bofco, Hucdredus Clericus, Svanus de Dunhantun, Hugo Albus et multi alii. In perpetuum. No. 46. CHIROGRAPHUM WILLELMI KAIS, PERSONS DE DIMMOC POST ERNALDUM. Sciant tarn prefentes quam futuri quod ego Willelmus Kais eandem con- ventionem quae fuit inter Ernaldum praedecefforem meum perfonam tunc temporis ecclefiae de Dimmoc et ecclefiam de Dene cum praedi6ta ecclefia firmam et inconcuffam habeo. Forma autem conventionis hsec fuit quod, 158 jFIaxlcg iltrtieg. fcilicet, prasdidlus Ernaldus conceffit ecclefise de Dena decimas, fuas liberas et quietas de terris quas Monachi in parochia de Dene excoluenint propter duos folidos ad' feftum S. Michaelis reddendos. tit auteni hae.c convehtio in pofterum rata maneat [et] inconcuffa earn hujus chirographi diviiione et fub- fcriptorum virorum teftimonio confirmo Galfridi tunc temporis Capellani de Dimmoc, Walteri filii Hugonis, Ricardi de Bofco, Ernaldi de Keteford, Joannis Burgeis, Ernifii, Thomae Pic, Roberti, Nicolai, Capellanorum de Glouceftria, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 47. CONFIRMATIO DUORUM PR^SCRIPTORUM CHIROGRAPHORUM DE DIMMOC. Univerfis San6t.£e Matris ecclefiae filiis ad quos prsefens fcriptum pervenerit H. de Glouceftria. et A..de Theokefbiria Dei gratia Abbates falutem in Chrifto. Fraternitati veftrgeriptuHi, fieri voluimus quod cum caufa quas vertebatur inter Monacbos de Dene et Willelmum Kais perfonam de Dimoc fuper decimis terrarum quas iidem Monachi excolunt in parochia de Dimoc a Domino Papa Glemente tertio nobis coramifla eft et dicenda hoc fine conquievit : Abbas, videlicet, et Monachi de , Dene perfolvent annuatim duos folidos jam di6lo Willelino pro prenominatis decimis ad feftum S. Michaelis. ficut pragde- ceflbri fuo Arnaldo folvere confueveruht. Ut autem haec conventio in pofterum rata maneat et inconcuffa eam audloritate nobis a Summo Pontifice in hac caufa commiffa cbnfirmamus et figillorum noftorum appofitione, conirnunimus. • No. .48, '. GHIROGRAPHUM RICARDI DE BOSCO IN DIMMOC. Sciant prefentes et futuri quod ego Ricardus didlus Abbas de Dene et ejufdem loci conventus- conceffimus Ricardo de Bofco quatuor acras de terra noftra in Dimoc de effartis noftris illas, fcilicet, quae jacent inter terram preedidti Ricardi et bofcum noftrum contra meffuagium Beulfi ex alia parte vise Tenendas de .nobis omnilDus diebus vitas fuse liberas et quietas ab omni fervitio et con- •fiietudine prseter fervitium Domini Regis pro octo denariis annuatim reddendis jFlaxleg ^6bE2, 159 in quatuor terminis per quatuor partes et pro fidelitate confilii et auxilii quam nobis promifit in principio hujus conceflionis. Quod fi heres praedi(5li Ricardo tantum nobis fciverit ut nobis acceptus fit citius ei praediiftam terrain con- cedemus quam alio, Ut haec noftra conceffio ei rata fit omnibus diebus [vitae] ejus banc conceffionem prasfenti chirographi teftificamus et confirniamus. His tefl;ibus Rogero de Ledentun, Henrico de Ledintun, Simone Clerico, Thufbno tunc prsepofito, et multis aliis. In perpetuum. No. 49. CHIROGRAPHUM WILLELMI DE MONASTERIO DE DIMMOC. Sciant praefentes et futuri quod ego Ricardus di ^52, 153. 154, 161, 168, 174, 175. fon of Peter, 131. the fmith, 129. forefter of Bicknor, 131. the Fleming, 161. le Flamene, 155. le Valeis, 196. le Orleblowere, 131. chaplain of Hethamftede, 148, 149. — chaplain, 166. Agnes, 76, 155- Aidanus, 76. — John, fon of, 76, 155, 161. Ailward, le Seigneur, 67, 68, 191, 193. Alan, Abbot of Dene, 2on, 53, 65, 7in, 76, 85, 148, 172, 173. Aldewich (Allewike) Stephen, 72, 194, 195. Roger, 186, 191, 192, 194, 195. Alexander III., Pope, 61, 79, 181, 182. of St. Briavell's, clerk, 131. the clerk, 166. Alfred (Alured, Elured, Aelured, Alwredus) in the Velde, 128. fon of Wimund, 154, brother of Ralph, 131. brother, 77, 175. le Blunt, 172. Alward, see Ailward. Alva, Olivares Duke of, 33n. Andrea, Arch., 188. Anjou, Earl of, 16, 17. Anketil, 69, 140. Anneis, 129. Arden, fee Ardern. Ardern (Erderne, Herderne, Arden.) Roger de, 73, 78, 113, 135, 136, 139, 140 141, 142, 148, 149, 157, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171. Peter, fon of Roger de, 149. Argent, Hugh, 174. Roger, 174. William, 174. Arham, John, 43. Arnald (Arnaldus, Ernaldus), 158. forefler, 76, 155, carpenter, 70, 162. clerk of Dimmoc, 75, 148, 157, 158. fmith, 140, 143. fon of Cutelb, 77, 175, 176. Arnold, John, armiger, 49. Arlingham (Erlingham, Herlingham). Milo de, 64, 145, 146, 159. Gilbert de, 64, 145, 146, 159. — William de, 64, 145, 146, 159. Richard de, 6r, 64, 145, 146, 159. Edith de, 64n, 160. , — Matilda, wife of Richard de, 146, 160. Helena, wife of William de, 146. Hyla (Hylaria) wife of William de, 159. Arundel, Richard, 117. Afehart, 129. Afmoins, Walter, Conflable of St. Briavell's Caftle, 30. . Atkyns, Sir Robert, i, 15, 24, 99. 198 Inlrtx to B^mts of persons. Angervill, William de, 17, 19. Aure (Aura) Walter of, 136, 140, 143, 144, 154, 156, 166. A¥alter of, clerk, 78, 137, 138, 161. (Aura) Walter, parson of, 137, 144. Avelac, Alexander, 193. Avenel, Ralph, 136. Roger, nephew of Ralph, 136.- Nicholas, 136, 175. Ayloffe, Sir Jofeph, Calendar of Cartse Antiquse, 14, 33> 38, 39- Azo, 173. Baber Edward, Serjeant-at-Law, 67n. Bachineffeld, Dominus de, 176. Bainham, Mr., of Weflbury on Severn, 2. Baieus, Robert de, 163. Baioo, Robert de, 144. Bakep' Ralph de, 33. Balle, Robert, 131. Banks, 620. Bares, Edward de, 150, 151. Henry de, 152. Baret, Richard, 49. Barnard, Edward, 67n. Barra, Walter de la, 77, 161 Barris, Henry de, 195. Bafila, 130. Bafilia, wife of Adam of Blakeney, 68. Bate, Godfrey, 173. Baterick, Thomas, 74, 114. Hulle, 177. Margaret, 177. Bath (Bathon), Henry of, 32, 109. Bauzan, William de, 189 Beau champ, Richard, Bifliop of Hereford, 84. Beaudley (Beawdley) William, Abbot of Flaxley, 1528—84, 86, 87. Beddoe, H. C, 15. Bellows, John of Gloucefler, gon. Berde, Aldit, 176 Berkeley (Berkele, Barkeley). ^— Robert Fitzharding of, gn, i7n. Robert de, 43, 49", 186. Berkeley Roger, Knight, 43n, 49. William de, 63, 195. Abbot of Flaxley (1476), 85, 86. A. de, 170. Berta, wife of Philip de Braofe, 3n, 62. wife of Gilbert de Monmouth, 61, 162. Betun, Robert de, Bifliop of Hereford, 4, 10, II, 12. Beulph, 158. Bicafaud, Richard de, 188, 189. Bicknor (Bikenore), William de, 173. Bigland, 2, 2 in, 28, 46, 90, 91, 92. Bikenore, fee Bicknor. Blachedun, fee Blaifdon. Blacheneia, fee Blakeney. Blaifdon (Blachedun, Blechedun, Blechedune, Blecheden), Richard of, 74, 114, 139. Edric, fon of Richard of, 74. Baderun of, 74n, 78, 135, 137, 139, 140, 145, 149. 163. 167. Blakedun, Richard, chaplain of, 192. Blakeney (Blacheneia) Thomas of, 45. Adam of, 68, 130, 133, 134, 137, 138, 162. Jordan, father of Adam of, 137, 143. Jordan, brother of Adam of, 68. Bafilia, wife of Adam of, 68, 138. " Arnulfof, 145. Blanche, Queen of Navarre, 97. Blechedun, iee Blaifdon. Bleith, Walter, 162, 166, 170. Bleyght, Alexander, 41, 42. John, 42, 45. Blipeflawe, fee Blitheflawe. Blitheflawe, Hugh de, 137, 138, 144. Bloet, Ralph, 188. Bodin, V/illiam, 188, 189, 190, 191. Boeve (Bovey), William, 33. James, 33n. Andrew, 33n. Boevey, Sir Thos. Crawley-, ist Bart, of Flaxley Abbey, Co. Glouc, i2n, 3in, 92n. Sir Thos. Hyde Crawley-, 5th Bart., 2 7n, 95- E. B. Crawley-, 91, 93. 3Intiex to 0Kmes of Ip^rsons, 199 Bohun, Humphrey de, 3n. • Henry de, 8. William de, 117 Bollandus, 3511. Bolleia, Roger de, 160. Geoffry, brother of Roger de, 160. Booth, Charles, Bifhop of Hereford, 84. Bordefley, William, Abbot of, 53. Richard, Abbot of, 53. Bofceliva (Boxeliva), William de, 162, 170. ■ Roger de, 162, 170. Richard de, 162, 170. James de, 162, 170. Bofco, Roger de, 36, 64, 71, 130, 139, 142, 156,. 157, 163, T71. Margaret, wife of R. de, 163. Geoffry, brother of Roger de, 171. — '■ Henry, brother of Roger de, 171. Richard de, 77, 158, 177. 128. Botiler, John le, 43, 51. Beatrice, wife of John le, 43. Bovey (Boeve), Mrs. Catherine, of Flaxley Abbey, Co. Glouc, 33n, 34n. Boxa, A^'ilHam de, 145., Rich.ard, brother of William de, 145. Boxe, Thomas, 48. Roger de la, 169. Boxeliva, fee Bosceliva. Boyvilie, Roger de, 77, 161. Bracton, 240. Braose, Philip de, 3n, 62n, 63, 79, 134. William de, 61, 62, 63, 68n, 79, 134. Giles de, 62n. Budifeld, William, fon of William de, 115. Buevile (Buivilla), Roger de, 131, 146, 147, 160, i/o. Helias, fon of Eoger de, 170. Burci, Philip de, 65, 66, 79, 114, 130, 185, 186,' 187, 188, 189 190. . . Geoffry, fon of Philip- de, 186, 187, 19b, 191, 192. . ■ • Henry, brother cif Philip de,' 188. Burgh, Hubert de, 55,115. Burgeis, William, a 1 3, 142, 174. Richard, son of William, 113, 173, 176. Jdhn, 158. Burh, William de, 134. — - — ■ Robert de, 134. . Butcdmbe (Budicumbe), Walter of, 72, 76, 78. 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. — — ' ■ Gilbert of, 72n, 78, 190, 191. 193- Gilbert, parfon of, 76, 191, 192, 194. Butler, Alban, 35n. Byfeleye, (Byfeley ?) William de, 46. Cadel, Godfrey, 157, 163. Roger, 45. Calvus, Henry, 71, 164, 173. : — Robert, 142, 156, 173. Camden, "Golden Vale," 21. Cantelupe, Thomas de, Bifliop of Hereford, 15, 56, 76n 79, 81, 82. Cantiton, William de, 189. ■- — - Robert de, 189. Bretun, John le, Bifliop of Hereford, 8 in. Breuerne, fee Bruerne. Breynton, Thomas de, 83. Brifloc .... Albus de, 172. BroNvne Willis, 52, 85, 86, Sgn, loi. Brothestun, . . . ardus de, 172. Bruerne (Breuwerne, Briwerne) Geoffry de. King's Charlton, Ludovic, Bifliop of Hereford, 83. cupbearer, 150, 151. Chaxhill (Chakefliull, Cheakefliill, Chekefliill, Brunefhoppe, William de, 131. ChexhuU). Budicumbe, fee Butcombe. — Henry of, 45n, 69, 73, 113, 141, i47. Budifeld, William de, 74, 114- 148, 167, 168. Carter, Walter, 43n. Cecihe, daughter of Pain Fitzjohn, 7. Celefline IH., Pope, 3n, 61, 79, loin, 178. Cemiterio, William de, 128. Chadburn, Alfred de, 128. Charke, fee Chearke. Charles H., King of England, 25n. 200 Ixintx to j&amcs oi lemons. Chaxhill Roger, brother of Henry of, 69, 139, 141. AVilliam de, 139. — Fulco of, 69, 140. Edith, wife of Fulco of, 6911. Adam, fon of Fulco of, fee Adam. Durand, fon of Fulco of, egn. Walter, fon of Fulco of, 69n. Arnald of, 147, 148.' Chearke (Charke, Cherke) Hugh, 36, 70, 113, IIS, 144, 149. 161, 164, 169, 170, 171. — — Hugh, fon of Hugh, 144. 145, 169, 170. Johanna, wife of Hugh, 144, 161, 169, 170. Cheddeworthe, Roger de, 175. Chorlton, Thomas, Bifliop of Hereford, 83. Cipping, Robert, 129. Clare, Thomas de, 42. Gilbert de, 54. Clement IH., Pope, 75n, 158. 137. Chfford, Roger de, 30. Climperwell, Robert de, 75, 115. Chntone, Ivo of, 42. • Agnes, wife of Ivo of, 42. CHve, Richard de, 165. Cockel, Alexander, 177. Cokinton, William de, 189. Coleflun, William of, 145. Walter de, 144- Colevilla, Wilham de, 133, 134.. Collinfon, 67n, 68n. Columbariis, Philip de, 17, 19. Courteney, William, Bishop of Hereford, 83, 84. Coverley, Sir Roger de, 33n. Cowel, 100. Cox, Rev. Thomas, i. Cras, William le, 75, 11^. Craucumbe, Godfrey de, 115. Crawley, Thomas of Gloucefter, 33n. Crawthay, W., of Oaklands, near Newnham, 3111. -. E., 3in. Crendon, Ada de, 175. Crepinge, Richard of, 31. . Crevecour (Crevequer), William de, 1 7, 19. Crucche, Walter,- 7 6f 174. i Crumhale, John of, 190, 191. Crupard, Ralph, 72, 113, 167. Cumin, William, 17. Cupping, Emma, 177. Cutberleye (Cutberleg), Arnald de, 72, 73) 77. 19s, 196. John, brother of Arnald de, 196. David 196. Cutelb, Ernaldus, fon of, 77, 175, 176. Cutts, Rev. E. L., 4on. Cuverer, William, 69n, 113. Cvn', Thomas, 86. Dammartin, Nicholas de, 134. Dangel, Geoffrey de, 30. Dene, William de, " King's Foreller," 37, 51, 61, 63, 64, 13s, 138. Matilda, wife of AVilliam de, 138. Geoffrey, fon of William de, i6n, 37, 64. 135. 136, 138, 139. 140, 149. 157. 168, 169, 170, 171. Mael, fon of William de, 135, 139, 157, 170. William, fon of William de, 135, 139, 157. William, fon of Geoffrey de, 139. Geoffrey de, 36, 78, 137, 145, 162. Alexander de, 139. Dene, Ralph de, 154. Geoffrey, fon of Ralph de, 154. Ulric de, gn, i6n, 64n. A., Abbot of, 71. Defpenfer (Difpenfator) John, 74, 114, 140, 163, 168 Hugh le, 68n, 97. Geoffrey le, 74n. Richard le, 74n. Deudefwell, fee Doudefwell. Deveneis le, Itr, 172. Difpenfator, fee Defpenfer. Dolfin, James, fon of, 147, 159. Doudfwell, Robert de, 165, 195. Dover, Gervafe of, 3, i2n. Drake, Sir William, 62n. Drugo, Archdeacon, 137. Dugdale, Mon. Angl., i, 13, 17, 48n, 50, 67n. Baronage, in, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, ion. KnUex to 0ames of Pn:sons, 201 Dun, Roger, 131. William, friend of Roger, 131. Duncumb, Herefordfliire, 2. Dune (Dun), William de, 69n, 74, 113. Edith, wife of William de, 69n. Philip, fon of William de, 69n, 167. Johanna, wife of Philip de, 69n. Dunhantun, Svanus de, 157. Dunhampton, William de, 128, 176. Dunia, Philip de, 69, 141, 157, 162. William, brother of Philip de, 69, 141. Johanna, wife of Philip de, 69, 141. Edith, mother of Philip de, 69, 141. William, fon of Philip de, 163. Richard, fon of Philip de, 163. Philip, fon of Philip de, 163. Dunning, Arnald, 72, 113, 195. Arnald, fon of Arnald, 113. Durand, brother of Adam, fon of Fulco, 140. Durham, Simeon of, 3. Dymmock (Dymoc, Dimoc), Gilbert de, 65, 113, 149, 151. Walfric of, 40. Geoffry, fon of Walfric of, 40. Edith, mother of Adam, fon of Fulco, 140. mother of Phihp de Dunia, 69, 141. daughter and heir of William of Arlingham, 160. Edmund Ironfide, 10. fon of King Henry, 97. Edric, fon of Ketel, 6n. fon of Richard of Blechedun, 74. Edward I, King of England, 14, 22n, 26n, 28, 31, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49". S0> 52> 78,81, 99. II, do., do., 36, 39, 52, 97, 99. Ill, do., do., 14, 39> 41. 43> 44. 46, so. 52, 53n, 57. 58, 68n, 100, 116, 117. IV, do, do, 14, 5 o- 172. Edwin, 194, 195. Eilwinus (Eilevinus), le Mercer, 71, 164. Eilwi, Ralph, fon of, 142- 2C Ellis, A. S., 62, 64n, 74. Elwys, Mr., 62n. Emnet, Godfrey, chaplain of, 78, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194. 195- Ernewi, William, fon of, 163. Ernifius, 158, 173. Eifelefword, Arnald of, 151. Eflon, Richard of, 51. Eugenius, Pope, 79, 182. Eustace, Bifhop of London, 115. de Will, 132 Evelyn, Silva, 2 6n Everci, Robert de, 187. Evreus, John de, 69, 142. Walter de, 134 Ewias, Robert, Earl of, 21. Eyton, Rev. R. W., gn, 19, 67n. Fehleia, Ada de, 137. Fenwick, Rev. J. E. A., 15, 59. T. Fitzroy, 59, i36n. Feremon (Faremon) Robert, fon of, 73, 77, 196. Leweric, brother of, 77, 160. Field (Felda) Gilbert de, 70, 144. Robert de, 153, 154. Fitz Baderon, William of Monmouth, 62. Harding, Robert of Berkeley, 9n. Herbert, Herbert, 3n. John, Pain, 7. Sibilla, wife of Pain, 7n. Fitz John, Cecilie, daughter of Pain, 7. Foliot, Gilbert, Bifliop of Hereford, n, 12. Hugh, do. do. 56. Forda, Ada de la, 137. Fofbroke, 2, 34, 35, 36, 89. Fountains (Fontibus) William de, s». Fowle, William, 49. Frene, Hugh, 83. Frefel, James, conflable of St. Briavell's Caflle, 31. 51- Froceller (FrouceHre) Abbot, 4. Fryer, Richard of Hockerhill, 43n. Fryor, Edward, 89n. 202 InUcx t0 ItatttES of Persons. Fulco (of Chaxhill), Adam, fon of, 63, 69, 75, 78, 114, 140, 141, 151, 152, 153, 154, 161, i68. Durand, fon of, 140, 152, 168. Walter, son of, 140. Fuller, Church History, 100, loi. Gael, Samuel, 15, 59. Gamages, William, 45. Gardun, Addun, 31. Game, fee Gerne. Gaunt, Maurice de, 115. Geoffry> fon of Walfric, 1 6, 40. fon of Ralph, fon of Geoffry, 155. le Marchal, chaplain, 43. le Mercer, 172. le Bel, master, 78, 190, 191, 192, 193, i94> 195- le Schereman, 172. le Lorimer, 73, 196. Cherebule, 172. the parfon, 128. — — — the fmith, 172. the reeve, 1 29. 129. the charcoal maker (Carbonarius), 138. chaplain of Dimmoc, 158, 159. Simon, nephew of G. chaplain of Dim- moc, 159. Gerard, 128. Geri (Gerhi), 143, 146, 147, 155, 156, 160. Gerne (Game), Hugh de, 4Sn, 72, 73, 75, 113, 115, 163, 168. (Game), Gerun, William, 33. Gerneth, Hugh de, 190. Gervasius, 188, Giffard, Matilda, 36, 73n, 75, 115. Helie, Helias, 74, 75, 79, 114, 115, 132. Ofbert, 115. Gilbert, parfon of Budicombe, 76, 191, 192, 194. John, Bifhop of Hereford, 84. fervant of Henry Kais, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153. 154 fon of Ralph, 73, 113. Gilbert, fon of Arnald, I47j chaplain of St. Briavell's, 166. Gloucefler, Robert, Earl of, 6. ■ Milo de, 9n, i6n, 64n. Alice de, 72, 174, 175. Jordan de, 172. Herbert de, 173. Maurice, fon of Durand de, 196. Godchep, 128. Godes, 129. Godfrey, chaplain of Emnet, 78, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195- Godolphin, 100. Gofintun, Rainald de, 136. Granter, Robert, 131. Gregory, the Sewer, 6n. Grey, William de, 33 , John de, of Retherfelde, 117. Greyndour, Robert, 44. Gundeville, Hamelinus de, 195. Gwilliam, Thomas, ap., 87. H., Abbot of Gloucefler, 75n, 158. Hacheth, Walter, 128, 177. Hageness, Henry de, 165. Roger de, 165. Hale, Robert de, 194, 195. Harald, 128. Hardy, Sir P. Duffus, 53n. Harpetr, William de, 74, 114 Thomas, fon of William de, 44, 114. Hart, W. H., 4n, 7on, 74n, 87. Hartfhorne, A., 54n. Hatheway, William, 42, 71, 165. Nigel, fon of William, 71, 165. Sarra (Sarah), wife of Nigel, 165. Hawere, 131. Hayll, John of Borfley, 96, Haylof, 45. Heane, W. C, 89n. Hearne, Thomas, 2n. Heidun, Roger de, 73, 112, 165. Reginald de, 113. Helias, Reeve, of Gloucefler, 156. Mtitx to 0ames of persons. 203 Helion (Heliun), William de, 78, 140, 141, 142, 148, 149, 163, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170. Hendi, Walter, 74, 113. Henneberge, Malle de, 177. Henry I, King of England, i, 5, 6, 7, gn, ion, i6n, 64n, 68n. ■ II, do., do., 2, 8, gn, 10, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26n, 29, 30, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, III. Ill, do., do., 14, 22n, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30. 31, 36, 37. 39. 40, 41. 42, 46, 50, 51. 56, 57". 60, 63, 6sn, 66n, 67n, 68, egn, 7on, 78, 99, 112. — V, do., do., 44. VI, do., do., 39. VII, do., do., 39. VIII, do., do., 43n, 46, 47, 48, 49n, 52, 119. fon of Odon, 73. de Capella, 115. rotarius, 177. Herbert, fon of Ernaldus, fonof Cutelb, 77, 175. Margaret, wife of Herbert, fon of Ernaldus, 175. Herderne, fee Ardern. Hereford, Milo Fitzwalter, Earl of, i, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, II, 12, 19, 20, 35. Sybill, wife of Milo, Earl of, 3, 5. Roger, Earl of, fon of Milo Fitzwalter, founder of Flaxley Abbey, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 35. 40. 68n, 121. Henry, son of Milo Fitzwalter, Earl of, 3. II- Walter, fon of Milo Fitzwalter, Earl of, 3n, II. Mahel, or Michel, fon of Milo F., Earl of, 3n. William do., do., 3n. William de, 133, 134. Herleia, John de, 186, 187. Hernicius, 174. 175. Hervicus, 172. Hewlett, Henry, Q.C., 88. Hexham, John of, 3. Hingan, William, fon of, 137, 138. Hoc, Edward, 113. Hooper, Bifliop of Glouceller, 90. Henry, Sgn. Hore, Walter le, 77, 175. Hofate, Hugh, 61, 67, 68, 115, 192, 193. Roger, 193. Hubert, the clerk, 135. Hucdredus, the clerk, 157. Hugelin, Geoffry, 72, 166, Hugh, le Petit, i6n, 37, 68, 136. White (Albus), 157. the tailor, 132. de Mortuo Mari, 115. Fal , 129. pauper, 177. chaplain of Wunford, 192. Hulla, Ralph de, 128. Hulle, William de la, 42. Hugh de la, 131. Ralph de la, 176. Philip of, 45 n, 74, 113. Humett, Richard de, constable, 17, 19. Hyett, Kobert, 86. H^la (Hylaria, Hela), 159, 160. Humelmore, Henry of, 45, 74. Innocent, Pope, 3n, 15, 79, 82. Ifabella, wife of Adam, fon of Fulco, 140. Ivigum, Robert de, 17. Ivo, le Palmer (Paumer), 143, 154, 156, 160, 161. Jordan, fon of I., 154. J. Archbiihop of York, 117. Job, Hugh, 173. Jocelin, Bifhop of Bath, 115. Mailer, the clerk, 72, 174, 175. Johanna, wife of Philip de Dunia, 69, 141. wife of Hugh Chearke, 161. daughter of John, 51. John, King of England, 8, 14, 23, 24, 30, 40, 4in. 51.53, 69, 71. 77n. 78. chaplain of Gilbert Talbot, 137. 204 Mbtx to B^mts of ^^rsons. John, fon of Geoffry, 30. fon of Aidanus, 76, 155. fon of Simon, 175, 187. le Irmongere, 76, 155. the fmith, 137. Abbot of Flaxley, 1509 — 84, 86. le Blunt, 1 66. fon of Leweric, brother of Faremon, 77, 160. the clerk, 150, 151. the chaplain, 189. Johns, Eev. C. A., Forest Trees of Britain, 36n, 29- Jordan, fon of Ralph, 53n, 76, 173, 176. fon of John, 75, 115. brother of Adam of Blakeney, 68, 143. brother of Roger, 147. le Saluer, 156. fon of Adam the fmith, 154. fon of Richard, fon of Alfred, 161. Jorge, John, 97. Kainesham (Kginesham), William de, 193. Kais (Keis) WiUiam, Vicar of Dimoc, 75, 157, 158. Kes, William, 151. 152. (Kais), Henry, Reeve of Gloucefler, 65, 151, 152, 153, 154. Henry, 76, 77, 113, 149, 150, 156, 173, 196. Henry, fon of Henry, 113, 174. Osmund, father of Henry, 173. Osmund, fon of Henry, 174, 175. Kelnefwombe, Helias, 150. Kenepet, Osmund de, 131. Gunnora, wife of O. de, 131. Kerr, Ruffell, J., of the Haie, near Newnham, 37n. Kes, fee Kais. Ketel, Edric, fon of, 6n. Ketelb, Arnald, 151 ■ — Herbert, fon of Arnald, 151. Ernifms, fon of, 173. Keteford, Walter, 157. Arnald of, 158. Kinardesle, Hugh de, conflable of St. Briavell's Castle, 23. Kingfton, Sir W^illiam, 33, 36, 67n, 80, 87, 88, 89, 90, 96, 119, 120, 121. Sir Anthony, 43n, 67n, 89, 90, 121. Edmond, 43n. Edward, 67n, gon. Anthony, 43n, gon. William, 43n. Kingswood, Vido, Abbot of, 53. Kinvet, fee Knivet. Knif Seflan, 37, 68, 136. Knivet, Robert, 46, 146, 170. Lacey, Edmund, Bifliop of Hereford, 84. Lacy, Hugh de, 7. Lamb, Hugh, 128. Lancaster, Lord Henry of, 97. Henry, Duke of, 117. Lane, Thomas, 49. Lauda, Mauld de, 132. Ledene, Herbert de, 150. Ledentun, Roger de, 159. Henry de, 159. Lefredus, 128. Lege, Hubert, 195. Legge, 132. Leie, Hubert de, 194. Leinch (Lench), Roger de, 72n, 146. Roger, fon of Richard de, 160, 170. Margaret, wife of Roger de, 170. Leland, Itinerary, 2, 3, 4, sn, 12. Lench, Peter of, 31. Leweric (Luveric) Reeve of Neweham, 78, 136. Llewelyn, King of Wales, 55. Littletuna, Geoffry de, 136. Lob, Reginald, 173. Long, Roger, are 9, 177. Longchamp (Longo catm)po) Geoff'ry de, 74, 114. Longley, William, 49. Longney, Robert, 43n. Longo (Ca(m)po), fee Longchamp. Lorimer, Geoffry le, 73, 196. London, 26n. Loveflreng, Richard de, 191, 192. Lucie, daughter of Milo, Earl of Hereford, 3n Inlrex to i^amts of ^mons. 205 Lucius, Pope, 311. Luefred, John, 177. Lupus, John, 144. Lufellreng, Richard, 193. Luverich (Luveric), John, fon of 160. 70, 143, 162, 169. the reeve, 155. Luverithus (Luveric), 144. Luverlleng, Richard, 192. Mabilia, 128. the nun, 131. Macecrer, William le, 156. Macci, fee Mark. Maclean, Sir John, 7n, 62n, 64n, 99. Madan, Falconer, 8sn. Mael (Mahel), fon of Milo, Earl of Hereford, 3n. ■ 177. Maigne d'Arnis, 24n. Mainhaggere, Robert, 177. Malcuvenant, Walter, 128. Malet, Robert, 42. Mallerp, Henry, 188. ManalTer, Jew of Brillol, 66, 77n, 186, 188. Manwood, Treatife on the Foreft Laws, i8n, 19T1, 22n, 23n, 24n, 33n. Map (Mapes), Walter, 20, 2in, 79, 135, 163. Mara, William de la, 61, 63, 114, 195. Bertram de la, 63, 79, 195. Matthew of, 33. Marasc', Godfrey, 188. Margery, daughter of Milo, Earl of Hereford, 3n. Margaret, wife of Roger de Pultun, 70, 144. wife of Roger de Bofco, 163. daughter of Geoffry, fon of William, 73, 123. wife of Herbert, 77, 175. Mark (Macci), reeve of Abergavenny, 134. Marmiun, Richard, 133, 134- ■ Henry, 140. Marlh (Marifco), William de, 133, 134- Marfhall, William, 72, 136, 174, i75» 189 John " Juvenis," 175. Humfridus, 175. 2 D Martel, William, 186, 187. Martin, 67n. Mafcall, Robert, Bifhop of Hereford, 84. Matilda (Maud), Emprefs, 4, 6, 9, 10, 17, 20. wife of Richard de Erlingham, 65. daughter of Dru, 131. Maus, Walter de, 61, 65. 149, 150, 151. Robert de, 61,65,113, 149,150,151, 152, 153- Salerna, wife of Robert de, 149, 150. Johanna, daughter of Robert de, 150 Walter, heir of Robert de, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153- Mayhew, Richard, Bifliop of Hereford, 84. Mercer, Henry, 173. Merri, Ralph de, 188. Merton, Walter of, 33. Mew, Walter le, 155. Michael, Priefl of Blechedun, 137, 139. clerk, 175. — chaplain, 165. Michel, Aliter Mael qu. vide. Middleton, J.H., Prof, 92, 93. Mill, Richard of the, 163. Millecrofte, Symon, 129. Milo, brother of Hugh le Petit, 136. Mineriis, William de, i6n, 61, 63, 134. Henry de, i6n, 61, 63, 64, 78, 114, 135, 136, 139. 140. 141. 163, 166, 168, 169. Minfterworth (Munllrewithe, Munllerword). Manaffes de, 35. Roger, fon of Manaffes de, 35. (Munstrewithe), Roger de, 72n, 115. William de, 72, 115, 157, 162, 163, 166, 167. Walter, fon of William de, 72n, 115. Mog, Godfrey, 53n, 76, 172, 173. Molis, Nicholas of, 5^. Monaftery (Monaflerio), William of the, of Dim- mock, 77, 159. Monmouth, John of, Conftable of St Briavell's Caftle, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 40, 78, 108, 131. Gilbert de, 61, 62, 80, 130, 133. -" *• Berta, wife of Gilbert de, 6r, 79, 133, 162, 170, 2o6 Mnzx to i^ames of IPcrsons. Monmouth, James de, 79, 133, 134. Thomas de, 69, 142. . . . de, 172. Nicholas de, 172. Gruinard de, 172. Moraduo, 188. More, William de la, 131. Geoffry de la, 176. Geoffry, in 129. Morevilla, William de, 186, 188, 189. Morker, Hugh, 159. Mors, William, 96. Mortimer (Mortuo Mari), Hugh de, 115. Morton, Alan de, 189. Mortuo Mari, fee Mortimer. Muchegros, Hamelin, 135. Muchelgros, Richard de, 136. Munftrewithe, see Minflerworth. Munftre, Mabilia de, 176. Muriel, 69n, 113. Mufchet, Robert, 46, 61, 65, 130, 147, 148, 149, 166. Helena, wife of Robert, 147, 148, 149. Robert, fonof Robert, 147, 148, 149, 166. Hugh, 131. Mylling, Thomas Bilhop of Hereford, 84. Nafli, Dr., Colledtanea for Worceflerfhire, 32n. Nafmith, James, i. Navarre, Queen of, 97. Neirun, William, 196. Nerber, Philip de, 188. Nella, daughter of Griffin ap Lleweline, 5. Nevill, Hugh of, 28, 115. Nevyll, Ralph de, 117. Neweham, Ofmund of, 76, 154. — Alfred of, 172. Luveric de, 137, 138, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 156, 166, 170. Gerald de, 137, 138. Hugh de, 173. Simeon de, 173. Newmarch, Bernard de, 3n, 5, ion. Sybill, daughter of Bernard de, jn, 5, ion, Nexe, William, 70, 142. Nexe, Arnald, fon-in-law of William, 142. Niblett, J.D. Thos., of Hareffield Court, Gloucefter, i2n. Nicholas, Hilloric Peerage, 3n. IV., Pope, Taxation of, 46, 48. Abbot of Flaxley (1288), 82, 85. the clerk, 135. chaplain of Gloucefter, 158. NichoUs, Forefl. of Dean, 2, 22n, 29, 30, 35, 36, 90, 98n. Perfonalities of Forefl of Dean, 4on, 45. CollecJlanea Topographica et Genea- logica, 15. Normandy, Henry, Duke of, 9n, 15, 16, i7n, 39. Norreis, William, 189. North, Thomas, 49. Roger, 129. Nunant, Aleis de, 188. Obeffune, 133, 134- Odon, Henry, fon of, 73, 113. Oilli, Countefs Margaret de, 70, 114. Oliver, Lord Protedtor, 33. Orleton, Adam de, Bifliop of Hereford, 83. Ofbert the Reeve, 74, 114. Ofmund, 172. Ofmund, R., 73, 113. Ofward, 190. Page, Walter, 42. Elys, 42. Pain Fitz John, 7. Sibilla, wife of, 7n. Cecilie, daughter of, 7. Parcho (Pare), William de, 36, 65, 130, 153, 154. Paris, Roger de, 77, 156, 174, 196. Patot, William de. Sheriff, 51. Pauncefot, Grimbald, 42. Payto, fee Peyto. Penrys, John of, 42. Rola, wife of John of, 42. Pentecofte, clerk, 175. Perceval, 67n. Kntrcx to 0ames of W^xsms. 307 Percy, Henry de, 117. Peter, Mafler, 170. Peyto (Payto), Richard, Abbot of Flaxley (1372), 83, 86. Thomas, 83. Phelpis (Philpis), Adam, 48. Phelps, J. D., of Chevenage Houfe, Gloucefler, 9811. Phillipps, Sir Thos., of Middlehill, Co. Warwick, 13. 15. 59. 60, 64n, 66n, dgn, 77n. 80, i28n, 12911, 13011, 13611, 17111, 17611. Philip, the clerk, 132. Pic, Thomas, 151, 152, 158. Pichard, John, 68, 135. William, fon of John, 135. Milo, 136. William, heir of Milo, 136. Pickering, W., i2n. Picot, William, 188, iSg.'^ Poer, WiUiam, 136. Polton, Thomas, Bifliop of Hereford, 84. Pomfrey, William, 89n. Ponte, Robert de, 187. Pope, Mrs. Mary, of Flaxley, i2n. Porterel, Walter, 172. Pultun, Ralph de, 70, 144. Roger, fon of Ralph de, 70; 144. Roger de, 130. ■ Godwin de, 70, 144. Margaret, wife of Roger de, 144. Nicholas de, 144. Rabbayne Elya de, 33. Ragel, Walter de, 61, 66, 67, 190, 193. Walter, fon of Walter de, 190. Robert de, 61, 66, 67, 190. Ralph, the goldfmith, 156. the huntfman, 142, 163, 167. fon of Nicholas, 30. the WeUhman, 129, 160. of Cirencefter, bilhop, 115. brother of Adam, fon of Peter, 131. fon of Eilwi, 142. Ranewin, Richard fon of, 139, 163, 167. Reginald, brother ofRichard, fon of, 163.- Rawin, 167. Ready, Robert, 98, Redley (Rodleia), Moyes de, 71, 136, 142, 163, 165, 167. Margaret, wife of M. de, 165. Ralph de, 74, 113, 165- Henry de, 165. Reginald, Mafler, 141. fon of Walter, 51. chaplain of Effelefworde, 151. Renewin, 167. Rewys, Nicholas, 85. Richard I., King of England, 25, 26n, 28, 30, 38, 39. 5°. 771. Ill- n., King of England, 39, 44. in., „ 14. Abbot of Flaxley or Dene, 71, 72, 76, 77,' 78, 85, 143, IS4, 15s, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 175. Dean of Flaxley, 78, 143. Sub prior of Bordelley, 53. Bifhop of Salifbury, 115. Earl Marfliall, 55, 56, 57. facriflanofSt. Peter's Abbey, Gloucefler, 151. draperius, the mercer, 73, 113, 151. the fmith, 154, 176, 177. the priefl, 147, 148, 149. priefl of Chirchefdun, 69, 142. . the clerk, 136, 152. le Rus, 156. le Hagan, 134. de capella, 137. the chaplain, 174. fon of Baderun, 140, 149. fon of Jordan, 142, 152, 153, 154.^156. i73. 176. fon of Ralph, 144. fon of Lefredus, 128. fon of William, 145, 161. fon of Hugh the knight, 164. fon of Alfred, 146, 147, 161, 166. of Thornbury, clerk, 186, 187. John, 134. Ris, Edric, 114. Rivall, Peter of, 33. 208 Matx to Bamts of ^Persons. Riveria, Roger de, i86, 187. Robert, the chaplain, 76, 154. prior of Monmouth, 133, 134. the rich, 129. de Ponte, 175. reeve of Abergavenny, 134. chaplain of Minflerworth, 141. chaplain of Gloucefler, 158. fon of Ralph, 133, 134. fon of Bertram, 146, 147. juvenis, 186, 187. Roberts, Rev. G., Vicar of Monmouth, i zn, 4 1 n, 42n. Cal. Gen., 4in, 42n. Roches, William, 129. Des, Bifhop of Winchefler, 55. Rodley, John of, 32, 109. Roger, le Venur, 160. the Imight, 135. fon of Manaffe de Minflerworth, 35. fon of Ralph, 113. fon of Hugh, 137, 155, 173. le forefler, .129. fon of Andrew, 147, 159. Roi, 129. fon of Richard, 147. carpenter of Dimmock, 131. the chaplain, 175. phyfician of Gloucefler, 133, 134. prior of Llanthony, 75, 132, de ... 75. "S- — fon of Robert, 147. le Norreis, 177. Rolues, John, 85. Ruardean (Ruwordin), Lawrence de, 131. Elyas de, 131. Oderic, dux de, 131. William, priell of, 131. Rudder, i, 5n, 82n, 83n, 99. Rudeleia (Rudele), Helias de, 162, 170. Rudge, Archdeacon, i, 34, 35, 90. Ruffus, Arnald, 131. Daniel, 186, 187. Rufus, John, 114, 196. Richard, 142, 152, 154, 156, 174, 196. Richard, fon of Richard, 142, 153,154. Ruk, John, 74. Adam, 74. Rupe, Thomas de, 175, Ruffell, Ralph de, 188. Ruwordin, fee Ruardean. Rya, William de. Abbot of Flaxley (1314), 83, 85, 97. Eymers, Foedera, 7, 52. Sabyn, John, chaplain,44. Sale, Adam, 128. Salewerpe, Randolph de, 163. Salifbury, Philip de, 175. Salt Marfli (Salfo Marifco), Peter de, 74, 113. Samford, Hugh de, 175. Sanfla Cruce, Robert de, 186, 188, 189. William, fon of Robert de, 188, 189. Scepefhefed, Henry 74, 114. Sciptun, fee Shipton. Scrudelone, 173. Seilard, William, 177. Service, Edward, Sgn. Sevarus, Palmer, 161. fon of Bernard, 175. Sharpe, Edmund, Architecture of the Ciflercians, 91, 92n, Shaw, John, 89n. Shipton (Sciptun), Olbert de, 165. Shirley, Evelyn P., Deer and Deer parks, 37n. Rev. Walter, Royal Letters Hen. IIL, 56 Shlodlerus, Robert de, 136. Sidebire, Richard, the smith, of, 131. Simeon, 156. the reeve, 154, 160. of Neweham, 173. Simon, the clerk, 159. nephewofGeoffry,chaplainof Dimmock, 159, (Symon), the cobbler, 129. le mercer, of Gloucefler, 173. Simonis Maid, 177. Smith (Smyth), Agnes, 89, 121. Smyths, Berkeley, MSS., 43n. SnodhuU, Thomas, 44. Soppegrave, William de, 128. Sortegrave, Wiraundus de, 177. In&ex to itames of ?^ergons. 209 Sortegrave, Malle de, 177. Speed, 89. Spelman, Gloffary, 3711. Spichfet, Thomas, 131. Spofford, Thomas, Bifhop of Hereford, 84. Spondre, Ralph, 177. Sprot, Walter, of Ragel, 67, 114, 191, 192. Isabella, wife of Walter of Ragel, 192. Walter, fon of Walter Sprot, 67, 191. Robert, brother of Walter S., of Ragel, 67, . 190, 191. Robert, fon of Walter S., 114, 191. St. Antony, 35n. St. Benedidt, 20. St. Bernard, 20. SI. Bria veils, Alex, de, 131. St. George, Alan de, 175, St. John, William de, 115. St. Leger (Leodegarius), Hugh de, 135. St, Leodegarius, William de, 61, 65, 66, 113, 130, 136, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190. St. Matthew, London, Philip de, 174, 175. St. Nicholas, Thomas of, 150. St. Quintin, Herbert de, 68n. St. Sepulcre, Walter of, 189. St. Valery, Matilda de, 62n, 134. Stanbury, John, Bifliop of Hereford, 84. Stantun, William of, 132. Staura, Leffric (Leuveric) de, 16, 18, 40. — ^—William de, 143, 162, 170. Stephen, King of England, i, 6, 7, gn, 20, 26n. le Norreis, 133, 134. parson ofWunford, 191, 192. Stephanum, Robert de, 33. Sterman, Luveric, fon of, 154. Stevens, Supplement, i, 52, 85, 86. Stubbs, Gloflary, 39n, 4sn, s6n, 77n. Stutefcumba, Richard de, 175. Surdus, Robert, 75, 114- Swein, Robert, fon of, 150, 151. Swinfield, Richard, Bifliop of Hereford, 10, 82, 83. Taillur, Giliana, 177. Tape, William, 129. 2E Talbot, Richard, 42. Gilbert, 42n, 68, 131, 137. — Adeline, wife of Gilbert, 137. Tanner, Bifliop, Notitia Monafl.ica, i, 13, 44, 86, 100, lOI. ' William of Littledean, 49, 96. Tewkefbury, Abbot A. of, 7sn, 158. Annals, 9. Thalamo, William de, 128. Thibertun, fee Tibberton. Thingeworde, Robert, priest of, 150. Tholi, Robert, 69, 78, 136, 142, 148, 149, 152, 153. 154. 156, 174, 176. Thomas, 196. Thomey, Lucarney of, 31. Thurbnus, 159. Thuvericus, 160: Tibberton (Thibertun), Thudricus de, 133, 134. Tintern, William, Abbot of, 53. Toll, fee Tholi. Tracy, William, 97. Traveleg, Walter de, 134. Trefnant, John de, Bifhop of Hereford, 84. Treget, Baderon de, 187. Trilleck, John de, Bifliop of Hereford, 83. Tripel (Trupel), Geoffry, 68, 193. Tukelega, fee Tukeley. Tukeley Amis de, 75, 114, 150, 151. Turc, William, 71, 164. M. wife of William, 164. Turpin, Robert, 177. Turn Imbervo, Nicholas de, 33. Tynte, Sir Halfwell, 67n. Sir Charles Kemys, 67n. Upton . . . , de, 172. Uthred, the clerk, 16. Uvenat, William, fon of, 150. Vallis Dore, Abbot A. of, 75, 132. Vido, Abbot of Kingswood, 53. W., Bifliop of Hereford, 181. Wace, the cook, 73, 113. Wadham, George, Sgn. 2IO Knuex to 0amcs of ^Persons. Walcot, Mackenzie, Englifli Minllers, 20. Waldebof, William de, 134. Waleran, Abbot of, Dene, 2on, 53, yin, 76n, 85. (Walerande, Waldrand), Robert, Cuflos, 31. 32, 33> 109- William, 175. Walefword, Arnald de, 150, 151. Jocelin, fon of Arnald de, 150. John, brother of^ Arnald de, 150. Jocelin de, 152. Milo, brother of Jocelin, 152. Walfric, 16, 40. Walmore (Walemore), Henry of, 142, 167, 168. William of, 163, 168. Walter, Conftable of England, 5, 6n. le Karl, 161. the chamberlain, 175. fon of Walter the brewer, 161. fon of Wibert, 153, 154. fon of Hugh, 158. -leHore, 77, 175. clerk of Aura, 78, 138. the clerk, 135. le charbuner, 129. le Hunte, 129, 147, 148. brother of Geoffry, 151. brother of Adam, fon of Fulco, 140. Waltun, William de, 172. Ware, fee Were. Warwick (Warrewic), William, Earl of, 70, 144. Waryn, William, 44. the faddler (fellarius), 73, 113. Webb, Rev. John, ion, 82n, 10 in. Wemyfs Colcheller, Maynard, 37. Were (Ware), Thomas, Laft Abbot of Flaxley, 49n, 84, 86, 87, 88, 96, 120. Wermecombe, Richard, 49. Wellbury (Weftbirie, Wellburia), Richard of, 51, 171. (Weflburia), Roger de, 78, 135, 140, 141, 142, 145, 149, 153. 154, 157) 163, 165, 167, 168, 169. Weflon, Geoffry of, 97. dus de, 172. Wevereth, Alfred, 128. Whitminfler (Albo Monaflerio), Geoffry de, 135. Wibert, Walter, fon of, 153. Wich, Walter de, 77, 175. Ofbern, fon of Walter de, 77> 175, 176. Wike, Peter de, 145, 160. Wilintune, Ralph of, 114. Will., Eustace de, 132. William, Abbot of Flaxley (1277), 81, 85. do. do. (1426), 84, 86. Abbot of Bordesley. 53, 148. Bifliop of Winchefler, 117. Biftiop of Hereford, 61, 78, 143. Prior of Kingswood, 53. the vintner, 172, = the hermit, 4on, 78, 143. the clerk, fon of Alfred White, 151. the clerk, 175. fon of Robert, fon of Martin, 66, 185, 187, 188, 189. Ingareta (Angareta), wife of William, fon of Robert, fon of Martin, 188, 189. fon of Milo, 130, 146. 166. fon of Hernifius, 174, 175. Wimund, 150, 154. Winterbourne, Roger of, 114. Wintle, Henry, 43n. Wiper, fee Wither. Wiiham, Ralph of, 133, 134. Wither, Hugh, 148, 149, 166. Roger, 148, 149. Withorn, Robert, 129, 176. Wodecoc, fee Woodcock. Wodeham, John de, 73, 113. Wood, Anthony 4, 89. Woodcock, WiUiam, 138. Wycombe, William de, 11, 12. Wyniatt, Thomas, of Staunton, Glouc, 59, 60 Wynyet, John, of Dymmocke, 49. Wyrall, George, of Bicknor Court, 34n. Yate, H. G. Dobyns, i2n. Walter, of Arlingham, 49. Yliun, Richard, 150. INDEX TO NAMES OF PLACES. Abbenhall (Abbenhale, Abenhall), 26, 27, 42, 45, 64x1, 108, 141. Abbots Wood, 31, 32, 33, 109. Abergavenny (Bergevenia), 6n. Adfett (Adcette), hamlet of Weftbury-on-Severn, 120. Alba Domo, co. 'Montgomery, 57. Aldefword, 157. Alefword, 71, 156. Alinvecroft, 69n, 113. Alinveplot, dpn, 113. Aquitaine, 17' Ardlond (Ardland, Erdlond, Hardlande), 32, 40, 42, 78, 109, no. Arlingham (Erlingham, Herlinghaiii), 43, 47, 49, 64, 65, 75, 88, 115, 119, 146, 147. Arlyngton, 120. Afliton, 54. Afton Rowant, co. Oxon., 86, 88n. Aura, 8. Aufi. Cliff, 2n. Auflin Friars, Dutch Church of, 33n. Axbridge (Axebrugg), 47. Bachineffeld, 176. Barkeley, 49. Bath, 47. Battledown Knoll, Charlton Kings, Chelt., 15, 59. Becoltefegge, 115. Berdun, 147, 159. Berkeley, 2n, 43n. Berwick-on-Tweed, 118. Befpwike, Fifhery of, 36, 73n, 75, 115. Beryntone, 5. Birchingrove, 26n. Blachedun (Blacaduna), 185, 187.'. Blagdon, 67n. Blaifdon (Blefdon, Bleyfdon, BleChefdun, Blache- dun), 2Sn, 26n, 27, 43, 44, 48, 62, 88, 119, 120, 137. Blecheden, fee Blaifdon. Bleytyes bayllye, bailiwick in Foreft. of Dean, 42. BoUewere, fishery of, 36, 65, 153, 154. Bordefley, Abbey of, 20, 53, 58, 108, 117, 118. Borfley, 96, 120. Bofbury, 82, 83. Bofeley, 26, 27, 28, 44, 108. Botloe, hundred of, 37, 45. Brademede (Brademeda), 150. Bradens Coke, 54. Brechen, 61, 62. Brecknock, 5, 6, 10. Bredon, 2 in. Brimpffield (Brumeffeld), 74, 75, 114, 115. Brimflons Yatt, 26n. Briftol Caftle, 5. 24, 67n, 186, 188. Broadwell Down, 67n. Brocrigge, 177. Bromefberrow (Bromefberie), i2n, 42. Bruerne (Briuwerna), Manor, 43,. 5 1. land in, 65, 74, 75, 113, 114, 150, 152, IS3. 154- . Brumeffeld, fee Brimpffield. Budicumbe, fee Bij^ombe. Budifield, 74, 114, 115, Bunewei, 140. Butcombe, 67n, 68n, 76, 130, 194, 195. Buveveie, croft called, 75, 114. Calveleye, 97. Camp Hill, near Littledean, 36. 212 intin to i^ames of glares. Carlyon (Carleon-upon-Ufke), 57. Cafteyerd, fee Cafliard. Cailhard, do. Cafliard (Cafteyerd, Cafthard, Caftpard), valley of, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22n, 26, 27, 28, 38, 63, 64, 78, 108, 135, 138. Caftpard, fee Caftiard. Charkefeld, 72n, 115. ChekefhuU (Cheakefhull), 73, 113, 140, i68. Cheltenham (Cilteham), 8, 15. Cheringa, 175. Cheftnuts, enclofure in the Forest of Dean, 26n. Chevenage House, Glouc, pSn. Chormayles, T2g. Cilteham, fee Cheltenham. Cinderford (Sinderford), 3in, 32, 109. Cirencefter Abbey, Sgn, 99. loi. Clarendon, no. Claxhill, 120. Cleilega, 71, 163, 171. Cleve, 120. Climperwell (Clymperwell), 47, 49, 75, 88, 114, 115, 119, 120, 132. Colford, 49. Cotfwold Hills, 21. Courtrai, 33n. Coventry, loo. Cranham (Croneham), 74, 114. Croneham, fee Cranham. Cubewordin (Cubeworde), 69, 140, 163. Cumbefmedewe, 69, 167. Cupleforerde, 145, 160. Deans Hill, 2Sn. Dene (Dean), Forest of, 2n, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26n, 30, 31, 33, 3Sn= 37". 41, 42. 46, 48, 64n, 7in. Caftle of, 16, 18, 36, 68. 2sn, 46, 61, 70. Abbey, fee Flaxley. Magna, 64n. Denny, 120. Devizes, Caftle of, 55. Dimmoc, fee Dymmock. Dore, Abbey, 21, 58, 75, 118. Duddemed, 67, 191, 192. Dumfronte,.ii2. Dunye, filhery of, 35. Dymmock (Dymoc, Dimoc), 8, 16, 18, 37, 42, 45, 47, 49, 5°, 61, 75. 77, 88, 119, 120, 128, 157, 158, 159, 177- Edland, 16, 29, 32n. Eileftiulle, 71, 163, 171. Eilfifcroft, 70, 145, 162. Eiflifeld, 71, 163, 171. Eiflele, 72, 194. Elneton, 43. Elvyngton, 120. Emneia, fee Emnet. Emnet, 67, 130, 191. Englifh, Bicknor (Byknore), gn, 27n. 64n. Erdlond, fee Ardlond. Erlingham, fee Arlingham. Ermegrave, 24. Eftiul, 71, 156, 157. Evesham, 17, 19. Ewyas (Ewias), 7, 21. ^Feldedich, 115. Feneftegate, 114. Fifbechefegge, 115. Flax Bourton, co. Somerset, 68n. Flaxley (Flaxele, Flaxle, Flexeley, Flixlege, etc.) Abbey — references paffim. Grange in Littledean, 89n. Forftal, 169. Fountains Abbey, 91, 95. Fowliatt (Fulhiate, Fowlyatt), 26, 27, 108 Framilode (Framulard), 26n. Fulhiate, fee Fowliatt. Furnace Yard, Flaxley, 35. M'Otx ta i^ames ot ^laccg. 213 Garden Cliff, Weftbury-on-Severn, 37. Game, 45. Gavells Gate, 2611. Gawlett (Gawl yatt, Gallyat), 2611, 2711. Gawletts yatt, 2611. Gerne, 72, 166. Glefmere (Glefmers), 146, 159. Gloucefter, 211, 5, 6, 11, 12, 29, 31, 33, 41, 54, 55, 73. 77. 9°. 99. "3. 12°. 'S^, 172. 196. Golden Vale, 21. Goodrich (Goodrych), 48, 88, 119, 120. Caflle, 131. Gordrodaker, 115. Grace Dieu, Monaftery of, 4on. Graces, 87. Grandis Acra, 146. Guns Mills, 35n. Hivetenon, 137. Holemede, 73, 113. Holle, 120. Hope Parifli, 26, 27, 62, 108. vill of, 62, 133. mill of, 62, 80, 130, r33. brook, 26, 27, 108. woods, 26n. ftiard, 26n. Howie, 48. Hulpefcroft, 72, 113, 167. Huntley, 44, 62. Hurfl., 44. Hynewere (Hinewere), Fifliery of, 36, 41, 63, 114. Irchenfeld, 52. Habeal, 44, 45. Habewoldefliam, 74, 114. Haie, The, near Newnham, 37n. Hailes, fee Hayles. Halpefcroft, fee Hulpefcroft. Hamcroft, 72, 113, 167. Hamme, 141. Hanecombe, 36, 7on, 115. Hangmans Hill, 27. Hardlande, fee Ardlond. Hareffield, Court, Glouc, i2n. Hafpool, fifliery at, 11. Hawerdine, Lordfliip of, 7. Hay traps, place called, in Dymmock, 37n. Hayles Abbey, Sgn, 99. Heilith, 73, 74, 113. Hepenill, 172. Hereford Caflle, 5, 7. 8. Haies of, 7, 37n. 12, 48, 54, 83, 85. Herlingham, fee Arlingham. Hethamftede manor, xi. chaplain of, 148, 159. Hide, 7on, 113, 169. Hinewere, fee Hynewere. 2f Jufty Path, 26n. Kenecoftre, 172. Kenepel, 177. Keynlham, 49, 54, 55. Kingberge, 72, 194, igS- Kings Barton, 43. Kingfwood Abbey, 53, Sgn. Koflrick (Courtrai), 33n. Lamufardere, 97. Lanultyt, 43, 51. Ledebifi, 172. Lege, 113. Leicefler, 100. Le Monken, 88, 119, 120. Levepeley, 74, 114. Ley, Leye, 26n, 44. Lincoln, 6. Linleg, 65, 147. uS. Littledean, 26n, 27, 31, 36, 8gn. 214 intitx to Names of ^Places. I.ittlemore, 69, 141. Oaklands, near Newnham, 3111. Llanthony Priory, near Gloucefler, an, 4, 5, 11, 12, Ombercrofte, 150. 89n, 129, 132. - Abbey, co. Monmouth, 4, 5. London, Tower of, 5, 55, 88. diocefe of, 11. de Cheringa, 72, 174, 175. 130, 174. Longhope, 42, 43, 44. Longlahds, 71. Luggewardine, Lordfliip of, 7. Margan, 57. Marlborough, 7n. Micheldean, 26n, 62n, 7 in, 89n. Middlehill, 13, 59. Middleton, 72, 170. Millfield, Flaxley, 35. Minflerworth (Minflredwrd), 8, 120. Monkhill, 27. Monmouth, 2n, 41, 47, 54, 57. Mynflerworthe, fee Minflerworth. Ope, fee Hope. Otleg (Otlege), 73, 113. Oxford, 6n, 7, 85. Painfwick, 89. Parva, Dene, 22n, 26, 49, 88, 96n, io8, 119, 120. Penros, 54. Perfhore, 41. Pireforlong, 153, 154. Pirifeld, 149. Plymouth, 54. Polton (Pultun), 48, 7011, 88, 113, 119, lao. Poultons Hill, 25n. Pudding Hill, 27. Pulmede, 16, 18, 37, 64, 139. Pulton, fee Polton. Quedgeley Court, i2n. Neath (Neth), 57. Nemnet, 67n. 68n. Newland (Nova Terra), 46, 49, 87, 88, 89n, 119, 120. Newlond, fee Newland. Newerre (Nowere), 16, 18, 35. Newnham (Newenham, Newneham, Neweham, Niweham), 2n, i6n, 34, 35, 37, 43, 48, 65. 68, 70, 72, 76, 77, 88, 119, 120, 136, 137. 138, 142, 14s. 154, 15s. 161, 166. vill of, 8, 10. Newnham's Pill-, 2Sn. Niwent, 177. Northden, 40, 41. Northampton, 100. Northwode, 44, 113. Northwood, 18, 37, 73, 120. Nuneaton, i7n. Rachelbury, 67, 190. Rademoor, 41. Ragel, 65, 114, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189. Ragelbury (Regilbury), 66, 67, 190, 191, 193. Ragiol, 67n. Rareham, 26n. Redlen, 8. Redley (Redlege), 16, 18, 73, 74, 112, 113. Regill (Regil), 67. Manor of, 68n. Reidley, 18, 35, 37. Refmes, 149. Revenefhokefeld, 74, 114. Rewarden, fee Ruardean. Rheims, 11. Ridge Hill, Winford, co. Somerfet, 67n Rievaulx, 97. Rinlega, 149. Intiex to Karnes of ^Places. 215 Roan, ion. Rochelle(bury (Rochelbury), 49, 88, 119, 120. Rocheiler Caftle, 5. Rodley Manor, 25n, 45. (Rodeleye), 35, 37. 44. Rodmarton, 85. Rome, 180. Ross, 52. Hayes of, 10, 37n. Manor of, 10. Roughway (Ruggerweye, Rugeweye, Rugweye), a road called, 32, 109. Ruardean (Ruwarthin, Rewarden, Ruwordin), 40, 41, 88, 119, 120, 131. Ruddekeshale, 68, 137. Ruddle, 35. Ruding, 69n, 71, 73, 113, 165. Rugeweye, fee Roughway. Ruggemore, 24. Rumfey, 76, 173. St. Briavell's foreft, 25. vill of, 44. hundred of, 25n, 44. hermitage of, 4on. St. Dionyfius, monks of, 70, 142. St. Ofwald's Priory, near Gloucefler, 2n. St. Peter's Abbey in Gloucefler, 4, 5, 10, 4on, 7on, 87, 89n, 99, loi. St. Sepulcres Hofpital at Gloucefler, 7on, 142. Stangarfl., egn, 113. Staunton, 49, 59. Stielweie, 114, 115. Stoke, 68n. Stonhoufe, 47. Strata Florida, co. Cardigan, 57. Sudeley (Suthleg), 31, 32, 109. Sudefurlong, 159. Sugwas, 83. Sulley, 44. Suthlege, fee Sudeley. Symond's Yat, 2 7n. Salifbury, 76, 173. Seddeftowe, 47. Seileffeld, 159. Severn River (Sabrina, Saverna), 2n, 8, 21, 36, 37, 41, 6s, 7on, 73, 113, 114, IIS, 196- Seymour's Mill, 26n. Shapridge, 27. Side furlong (Sude furlong), 147, iS9- Sinderford, fee Cinderford. Sloo, hamlet in Arlingham, 43n. Slymbrydge, 49. Smalham, 74, ii3- Smallbrooke (Smalebroke), 32, 109. Sodbury Hill, 2 in. Soilewell, 44. Springwella, 149. St. Albans, 6n. St. Anthony's Well, 34, 3Sn> 36. St. Auguftines (Aullines) Abbey at Briftol, Sgn, lOI. Sf. Bernard's College in Oxford, 87n. St. Briavell's Caftle, sn, 6, 8, 9, 10, 23, 24, 28, 30, 31, 40. 4I) 51. 54. 55. 56, 86, 87, 88. Tatemounefpflade, 114. Taviflock, 100. Taynton wood, 4on. Tewkefbury, Abbey, 54, 89n, 99, loi. Thame, 86, 88n. Thetford Priory, i7n. Thikegrove, 114. Thirleftaine Houfe, Cheltenham, 13, 15, S9. iS^n. Thornbury, 2n. Tibberton, 62. Tinbridge, 26n. Tintern (Tyntharn) Abbey, 21, 48, 54, 55, 57, 92- Torllhalle, 70, 162. Tortworth, 26n. Tribnell, 74, 113. Trivele, foreft of, 7. Tuckelega, fee Tukeley. Tukel, 114, 195. Tukeley, 7sn, 149. Tunberhugge, 22n. Tunbrug (Tymbrugg), 26. 27, 108. 21 6 Mitx to Bsmts of places. Tureford, 54, 55. Tymbrigge, fee Tunbrug. Ulnegate, 69, 113. Vallis Dore, 75, 132. Vincents Land, 18, 38. Wadeilok, 56. Wadleie (Wodlege) 69, 113, 141, 163. Wake Mill, 96. Walden Abbey, lyn. Wales, an, 55. Wells, 47. Weftbury-on-Sevem, an, 2 in, 26n, 28, 35, 37, 43' 45, 48, 62, 72, 79, 8s, 89n, 166. Weftmere (Weilmers), 145, 146, 159, 160. Weftminfter, 6n, 9n, in, 115, 117, 120, 121. Wefton, 120. Weftwalle, 145, 160. Wevelfcomb, loi. Whitelega, 71, 163, 171. Wildemore, 113. Wilton, Lordfliip of, 7. Winchcombe Abbey, Spn, 99. Windfor Caille, 62n. Winford, 67n, 68n. Wallmore (Walmore, Walemore, Walmoure), 18, Witeleia, fee Whitelega, 26n, 37, 46, 48, 65, 69, 72, 88, 115, 119, Wlnegate, fee Ulnegate. 120, 136, 147, 148, 163, 166. Wodecrofte, 114. Wallmoreshall, 69n, 113. Wodelege, 113. • Walfebyre, fee Welchbury. Wlfledefwelle, 1-14. Waftadene, 16, 18, 36. Wrplefwei, 160. Welchbury (Walfebery, Walfebyrie), 22n, 26, 27, ■ Wnigehat, 75, 114, 108. Wudelond, 70, 162, 169. Weiipulle, 69, 163. Wye (Waye) River, 2n, 8. . INDEX TO SUBJECTS. Abbenhall, fee Index of Places". identified, by Nicholls with " Habeal " in Hundred Rolls of Edw. I., 45. Abbey, of Flaxley, Church of, 25. : Abbots' Room in; 90, 91, 95. Hofpice (Hofpitium), 73, 94 ; Cart. No. 96. * . . ' -chapter house, fee Plates IV. and v., 92, 95. _ . . cellarium. or dogius conver- sorum, 94. , . _ ^ ground plan by Mr. J. H. Middleton, fee Plate VI., 94. Abbots of Flaxley; 85. Abbot "Waleran, 2onj 53, 7 in, 76n, 8j. Alan, 2on, 53^ 65, yin, 76, 85, 148. -^- — Richard, 71, 72, ?6, 77, 78,'_8s, 143, 154, 155. 156. 157, 158, 159. 160. 161. WilliainCi277), 8>,.85. . ; Nicholas, 82, 85. . , . ■ -^ ^ William de Rya, 83, 85, 97. Richard Peyto, 83, 86. William (1426), 84, 86. , Berkeley, 85, 86. ' • ' John, 84, 86. ' William Beawdley, 84, 86, 87. • " ' -■•■ Thom'as Were, 49n, 84, 86, 87, 88, 96, 120. Abbots' "Room at Flailey Abbey, 90, 91, 95. — : roof of, fee Plate III., 90. Abbot's Wood, granted to Flaxley Abbey, 31, p, 33. . Abergavenny, Caille and Honour of, granted by' Emprefs Maud to Earl Milo, &n. AnnaJes Monaftici, Rolls Series, 14, 52, 54. Aflarts or Effarts, term explained in Manwood's " Forefl Laws, i8n, 22n. 2 G . . ■ . • Atkyns, SirR.,Hi{loryofGlouqeflerfhire, i, 15, 24,99 Attachments, Court of, 33n. * Baronage, Dugdale, in, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, ion. Benedidt, Saint, rule of,' 20, 81, 82, 84. Benedidline Order of Monks, 20? * Betnardin'es, ^/lame fometimes given.to Cjflercian monlfs, 20. . • • Bigland, HillDry of Glouceflerfliire, 2, 2 in, 28, 46 90 91, 92. Bleytyefbayllye, bailiwick in the Foreil of Dean, 42. Books' of Flaxley Monks, 60, 79, 80. provifion for repair of, 62, 80, 133. ■ "Bote, Houfe-'bote, hay-bote, plow-bote, 24. , * Botloe, hundred of, 37, 4sn. Bovey (BoeVe), Mrs. Catherine, The "perverfe widow" of Sir Roger de toverley, 33nH.34n. Brecknock, Honour of, 6, ion. Browne Willis, "Mitrea'Abbeys,",S2, 85, 86, 89n," loi Bulls of Privilege, 61, 79, 81. Burgh, Hubert de, infurredlion of, 55, men of Richard, Earl Marfhall, take i;efuge at F4axley Abbey, 55, 56, 57. Cableicium or Cablicia defined by Maigne E'Arnis, . 24n. Camden's "Golden Vale," 21. . " Camden Society, publications, ion, 2on, 2in, 82n Cartae Antiquae, Calendar of Sir Jofeph AylofFe, •14, isn, 33, 38, 39. 2l8 EnUex to Sutijcrts. Cartulary of Flaxley Abbey, 59. original roll in Phillipps' Library at Middlehill, 59. tranfcribed by late Sir Thomas Phillipps, and a portion privately printed by him, 59- tranfcript copied by Mr. Fitzroy Fen- wick, 59. general contents of Cartulary, 6 1 . names of private benefadtors, 61 to 73. additional benefadtors in confirmation charter of 11 Henry III., 73 to 75. grants to Flaxley Abbey by ecclefiaflics, 75- — = grants by Abbot Alan on behalf of the Convent, 76. grants by Abbo.t Richard, 76, 77. agreement between Abbot Richard and William the Hermit, 78. names of chief witneffes, 78. Papal bulls of Privilege, 79. catalogue of books, 79, 80. text of Cartulary in extenfo, 123 to 196. Cafliard Valley, meaning of name, 26n. Catalogue of books in Flaxley Abbey Cartulary. 60, 79, 80. Cellarium at Flaxley Abbey, 94. Chantries near Flaxley, Sgn. Chapter Houfe at Flaxley Abbey, 92, 95. Charta de Forefla of 9 Hen. IH., 22n. Charter Rolls, Claffified list of references to Flaxley Abbey, 105. quoted, 8, 3in, 36n, 4on, 6^n. Chefnut Woods in f oreft. of Dean (Bofci cafla- nearum), 26n, 28. Chefnuts, Tithe of, in Forefl df Dean, 16, 18. name of forefl enclofure, 26n. . ' • timber, 26n, 29. Ciflercian, Flaxley a Ciflercian Abbey, 20, loi. rules for fituation of Ciflercian Abbeys, - Walter Map's defcription of Ciflercian monafleries, 20. - Tintern, Dora and Flaxley, typical Ciflercian Abbeys, 21. Ciflercian, Sharpe's Ciflercian Architedlure quoted, 91. 92", 94, 95- Perfecution of Order by King John, 53. Clare, Gilbert de, burial at Tewkefbury, 54, 55. Clerical Subfidies, 52. Clofe Rolls, claffified lift of references to Flaxley Abbey, 104, 105. quoted, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 40,41, son, SI, S5> 56, 57- CofSn lids of flone difcovered at Flaxley a.d. 1788, 92, 95. Colledtanea Gloceftrienfia quoted, gSn. Colledlanea Topographica et Genealogica, Nicholls, 15- Collinfon, Hiftory of Somerfetfhire, 67n, 68n. . Common of Paflure in Foreft of Dean, 18, 22, 42 Confirmation charters, granted to Flaxley Abbey, 39, 40. Corrody charged on Abbey at diffolution, 89. Cowchers, great, Duchy of Lancafter Records, gn. Cox, Hiftory of Gloucefterfhire, i. Deanery of Foreft of Dean, 12. Dean, Abbey and Foreft, fee Dene. Deer in Foreft of Dean, 22n, 23, 41. ■ " fence month," 23. Charta de Forefta, 9 Hen.' III., 22n. . Deer and Deer Parks, by Evelyn P. Shirley, quoted, 37n- Dene Abbey, fee Flaxley Abbey. Old Caftle of, i6,' i6n, 18. Dene Foreft, fee Index of Places. granted to Earl Milo by the Emprefs Maud, 6. grant not recogiiifed by Stephen, '9 and 9n.' refumed by Henry II., 8. Flaxley Abbey founded within foreft limits, 10, 16, 17, 19, 20. grant to Flaxley Abbey of Caftiard Valley, 16, 17. ' ^ meaning of name Caftiard, 26n. Placita de Forefta-of 10 Edw. I., 2211. Inljex to Subjects. 219 Dene Forefl, grant of eafements to Flaxley Abbey within the forefl, 22, 23. grants of wood and timber, 24 to 28. tithes of chefnuts from- the forefl, 28, 29. ■ grant of iron forge, 29. grant of Abbots Wood, 31. flationary forge, 34. deanery of, 12. perambulations, 2sn, 46, Roger Clifford, bailiff of, 30. Robert Waleran, cuflos of, 31. William de Dene, " King's Forefler, i6n, 37, 51, 61, 63, 64, 13s, 138. Alexander Bleyght, forefler in fee, 41. William Hatheway, keeper of, 42, yin. Grimbald Pauncefot, keeper of, 42.- Geoffry de Dangel, Juflice of, 30. r Nicholls Hiflory of, 2, 22n, 29, 30, Firewood, fpecial grants to Abbey for, 25 to 28. Filheries belonging to Flaxley Abbey. Hynewere, 36, 41, 63, 114. Bollewere, 36, 65, 153, 154. Befpwike, 36, 73n, 75, 115. Dunye, 35. . 35. 36, 9°> pSn. Dignity of a Peer of the Realm, Lords' Report, 8, son. Diffolution of Glouceflerfhire Abbeys, Sgn. Domefday Survey, 23n, 37n. Domus Converforum at Flaxley Abbey, 91, 94. Duchy of Lancafler Records quoted, sn, 6n, 7n, 9, gn, ion, 14, i6n, 97, 98. Regifler of Royal Charters, 6n. ~ ■— Great Cowchers, gn. Durham, Rites of, 93» ' Earl, dignity of, 7. Edward III., King, vifits Flaxley Abbey, 41, S3n. — — — fufpends Abbot of Flaxley, 57. Enghfh Minfters, by Mackenzie Walcot, 20. Eflovers, meaning of term in forefl law, 24. Evelyn's " Silva," 26n. Fence Month, term explained, 23. — Newerre or Nowere, 16, 18. Fifh ponds at Flaxley (flagna, vivaria et pifcarise), 36, 71, 119, 157. Flax Bourton, co. Somerfet, named from Flaxley in Glouceflerfhire, 68n. Flaxley Abbey, otherwife called Dene Abbey, i. foundation of, i to 12. date of foundation, i, 2, 12. founded by Roger, fon of Milo Fitzwalter, Earl of Hereford, i, 2, 4, 5. to commemorate death of Earl Milo, 3, 4. Chronicler's account of Earl Milo's death, 3, 4^ Bifhop of Hereford affifls to build Flaxley Abbey, 2,11,1 2. public records relating to, 13, 14, IS- foundation charters, 15 to 20. Flaxley a Ciflercian Abbey, 20, 21. : faid to have been colonized from Bordefley Abbey in Worceflerfhire, 20. grant of common of paflure, 22, 23. grants of wood and timber, 24, 25. fpecial grants for firewood, 25 to 28. tithes of chefnuts, 28, 29. • grant of an iron forge, 29. grant of Abbots' woods, 31 to 33. flationary forge at Flaxley, 34. grants of fifheries, 35. mifcellaneous grants in charter of Henry II., 36. protedtion Charter of Richard I., 38. Royal confirmation charters, 38, 39 other grants to Flaxley Abbey, 40. vifits of Edward III. and fpecial grant, 41, 116. . Inquifitions and hcences to affign land to the Abbey, 41 to 44. 2 o • . . Mtitx to SutjcctiS'. Flaxley Abbey, JIundred Rolls of JicJ^- !•> 44' 45- Flaxley Abbey, exifling monaflic remains, 90, 91. — : Taxation of Pope Nicholas, 46, 47. remains difcovered in 1788, 91 to 93. -^ Valor Ecclefiafticus of Hen. VIII., ■' Mr. Middleton's paper on Flaxley 47 t«i 49- . _ - Abbey, 93 to 95. Flaxley Abbots, fummoned to 'original deeds of Thoma's Were, , J'arliament, 50. . * laft Abbot, -96. Mifcellaneous references to the • -« Abbot's feal, 96 to '99. Abbey, 50 to's2. ; — rank and flatus of Abbots, 99 to Vifitation of Ciflercian Abbeys-in . 101. A.D. TiSi, 52. ^ • . Foreft. laws, Manwood's Treatife quoted,' iSn, i0n, . Vifits of King John to the Abbey, 22n, 23n, 24n,_ 33n. •53) 54- * * ' Foreft' trees of Britain, by Rev. C. A. Johns, * Abbot attends burial of Gilbert de- 26n, 29. ♦ • Qlare at Te'wkefbury a.d. 1230. 54, 55. Forge, fee iron forge. men of Richard, Earl Marfhajl, Fofbrpke, Hiflory of Glouceflerfhire, 2,, 34, 35, take refuge at Flaxley* Abbey,- a.d. • • 36, 89. 1233-34, 55 to 57- •. Foundation charters of Flaxley Abbey, 15. to 20. Abbot witneffes fettlement of dif-' -Frouceflre Abbot, MS. /Chronicle .quoted, 4. pute between Abbots of Margan and Fuller's Church Hiflory. quoted, 100, loi. Carlyon, a.d. ^1256, 57. • .Furnace Yard, named from.Flaxley iroi> furnace, Abbot fufpended for mifcdhduft • 35. ' . A-D. 1335. 57, 58. Cartulary of the Abbey, 59 to 73 and 124 to 196. • Confirmation charter of 1 1 Hen. III., 73 to 75-' ' Garden Cliff, We(lbury-on-Severn, 37." grants to Abbey by ecclefiaflics, ' Ge'fla Stephani quoted, 3, 4. 75 'to 77- . Gloucefler, Honour of, 6. agreement with William the Hermit, Callle, 5, 6, 29, 78. • Glouceflerfhire, J\s fufe as God is in, 161. chief witneffes to deeds in Cartulary, Gloiicellerlhire, Hiflory of, Sir R. Atkyns, i,.i5, 78, 79. . ■ 24, 99. . — '— Papal Bulls of Privilege, 79. ^ Ru(ider, i, 5n, San; g3n, 99. Catalogue of books in Abbey • — ■ Bfgfend, .2, 2 in, 28, 46, Library,. 79, 80. . 9a, 91, 92. < regiflers of Bifhops of Hereford, Rudge, i, ^4, 35, 90. . 81 to 85. " — ; -^ '■ Fofbroke, 2, 34, 35, 36, 89. Berkeley Abbot, 85. " . — • Cox, i. — -— lift of Abbots, 85, 86. , Golden Vale, Camden's defcription of, 2 1, printed ftate papers, 86 to 88. Guns Mills near Flaxley, 3gn. Abbey diffolved 4th Feb. 1536, 88. " granted -to Sir William Kingflon, . • ," 88, 89. " . granted to Sir Anthony Kingflon, . ' • " 89, 90. . . • Habeal Abbas de. Hundred Rolls of Edw. I., 44. ivXitx to ^ttijects. 221 Habeal, Abbas de, referred to in NichoU's " Per- fonalities of the Forefl of Dean," 45. '■ name not identified, 45. — fuppofed by Nicholls to be identical with Abbenhall, 45. Hawking, Eyries of Hawks referved to" the King, 32n. Hayes, 37, yon. Henry II., Charter to Roger, Earl of Hereford, 8. Hereford, Earl of, Milo Fitzwalter, created by Emprefs-Maud, 7. Roger, fon of Milo, created by Henry II., 7. -■ title difcuffed in Lords' Report on the Dignity of a Peer, 8. Henry de Bohun, created by John, 8. ■ ■ Hereford, Bifhops of, Robert de Betun, 4, 10, 1 1, 1 2. ■ Gilbert Foliot, 11, 12. ■■ : Hug'h Foliot, 56. John le Bretun, 8 in. Giles de Braofe, 62n. Thomas de Cantelupe, 15, 56, 76n, 79, 81, 821 , : Richard Swinfield, 10, 82, 83; Adam de Orleton, 83. — — Thomas Chorlton, 83. ; John de Trilleck, 83. ■ Ludovic -Charlton, 83. William C-ourt'eney, 83, 84. John Gilbert, 84. John Trefnant, 84. Robert Mafcall, 84. Edmund Lacy, 84. . Thomas Polton, 84. Thomas Spofford, 84. Richard Beauchamp, 84. ■■ John Stanbury, 84. : ^ Thomas Mylling, 84. . Richard Mayhew, 84. Charles Booth, 84. Hereford, Caftle of, 7. haies of, 7. Hermitage ot Ardlond, 4°. i43- . in Taynton wood, 4on. 2H Hermitage at St. Briavell's, 4on. Rev. E. L. Cutts -quoted, 4on. Hokeday, 72n, 164, 168, 169, 170. Honour of Brecknock, 6, ion. of Gloucefter, 6, of Abergavenny, 6n. ' of Hugh de Lacy, 7. Hooper, Bifhop, burnt at Gloucefter, 90. Hofpitium at Flaxley Abbey, 95. Hundred Rolls of Hen. II. and Edw. I., 14, 44, 45. Infangentheof, 39, 39n. Inquifitions poft mortem, 14, 41, 42, 43, 44, 106. ad quod damnum, 14, 41, 42, 43, 44, 106. Iron forge at Flaxley, -16, 18, 25 n, 29. forgiae errantes or itinerantes, 29, 30, 31. Itinerary of Leland, 2, 2n, 5n. .- of King John, by Sir T. Duffus Hardy, 53.54- of Henry II., by Rev. R. W. Eyton, gn. Jews, their perfidy noticed,- 77, 154, 161, 176. capitula de Judaeis,- A.D. 1194, 77n. articles 10 and 11 of Magna Charter, 77n. John King, vifits Flaxley Abbey, 53, 54. : Charter to Henry de Bohun, 8. Keynfham (Keyfhem) Abbey, 49, 54, 59. King's Forefter, title of William de Dene, i6n, 64. Kingfton pedigree, paper by Mr. W. C. Heane, Sgn. Kingfton, Sir William, Conftable of St. Briavell's Caftle, 87. Sheriff of co. of Gloucefterfhire, 87. Conftable of Tower of London, 88. firft grantee of Flaxley Abbey at diffolu- tion, 88. died A.D. 1540, buried at Painwick, 89. Kingfton, Sir Anthony, Provoft Marfhall in 1549, 89. 222 InKfx to Subjects. Kingfton, Sir Anthony, Commiffioner at Bifhop Hoopers execution, 89. receives from the Crown a new patent for the Flaxley eflates, 89. Letters and Papers, foreign and domeflic, Hen. VIII,, 151910 1523, 86, 87. Lives of the Saints, by Alban Butler, quoted, 35n. Llanthony Priory near Gloucefler, fee Index of places. founded by Earl Milo a.d. 1136, 4. . Earl Milo buried there, 5. : — controverfy with St. Peter's Abbey, Gloucefter, 4, 5. William de Wycombe, Prior, II, 12. relic of, at Elaxley, i2n. " Some account of Llanthony Priory," by Rev. G. Roberts, Vicar of Monmouth, i an. Llanthony Abbey in Monmouthfhire, founded by Walter the Conftable, 5. Walter the Conftable buried there, 5. Robert de Betun, prior, 4. Loudon's Arboretum, quoted, 26n. Manor of Flaxley in Arlingharn, 43n. Bruerne, 43. Rodley, 25n, 45. Dimmoc, 45. Habeal, 44. Regil in Winford, co. Somerfet, 6Sn. Rofs, 10. Map (Mapes) Walter, De Nugis Curialibus, quoted, 2 on. witneffes charters, No. 10 and 54 in the Cartulary, 79. Materials for the Hiftory of Henry VII., quoted, 86. Milo Fitzwalter, fon of Walter, Conftable of Eng- land, 5. councillor of Henry I., 5. married Sybill daughter of Ber- nard de Newmarch, 5'. patron and founder of Llanthony Priory near Gloucefter, 4. received from Henry I. the Honour of Brecknock, etc., 6. — — — — received from Stephen the Honour of Gloucefter, with cuftody of Tower and Caftle there, 6. also Barony of Brecknock and all offices and lands poffeffed temp., Hen. I., 6. received from Emprefs Maud, St. Briavell's Caftle and Foreft of Dean, 6. created Earl of Hereford by Emprefs Maud, 7. received Caftle of Hereford, etc., 7. excommunicated by Biftiop of Hereford, 4. accidentally killed in Foreft of Dean while hunting, 3. account of death by John of Hexham and Gervafe of Dover, 3- date of death, Chriftmas Eve, A.D. 1 1 43, 3. controverfy regarding his burial, 4,5- Mitred Abbey, term explained, 99 to iqi. Flaxley, not a Mitred Abbey, 99. ftatement of Atkyns Rudder and others on this point, difcuffed 99, 100. Cowel, Gedolphin and Fuller's " Church Hiftory " quoted, 100. Browne Willis' " Mitred Abbeys " 52, 85,86, Spn, loi. Monafticon Anglicanum, by Dugdale, i, 13 17, 48n, 50, 67n. Monkhill farm at Flaxley, 27. Intitx to Subjects. 223 Neweham (Niweham) burning of, 72, 166. ' maladeria de, 145. Newlond, lordfhip of, 87. Notitia Monaftica," by Bifhop Tanner, i, 13, 44, 86, 100, lor. Oblata Rolls, 14, 51. Obfervations on Iron Cinders by George Wyrall, 34"- Old Caflle of Dene, 16, 18, 36, 37. Originalia Rolls, 14, 51. Outfangthefe, 39, 39n. Pannage, term explained, 23, 23n. Parliament, writs of fummons to Flaxley Abbots, temp. Ed. I., 50. number of Parliamentary Abbots, 100. lOI. Patent Rolls, 14, 35n, 36n, 4in, 43n, 44n, 58n, 119. Perambulations of Forefl of Dean, zsn, 46. Pipe Roll, 14, 50, 51. Placita de quo warranto, 14. foreftae de Dene, of 10 Edw. I., 14, 22n, 26n. Private benefactors of Flaxley Abbey, 61 to 73. Proteftion Charter of Richard I., 38. Public Record Office, Lift, of references to Flaxley Abbey, 104, 105, 106. Puche or Puchin, term explained, 36, 7on. Purlieus in Foreft of Dean, 46. Purpreftures, 22n. Richard I. grants the woods around the Abbey for firewood, 25 to 28. Roberts, Rev. G., " Some account of Llanthony Priory," i2n, ~ Cal. Gen., 4in, 42n. Roger Fitz Milo, fon of Milo, Earl of Hereford, 2, 3. 7- married Cecilie, daughter of Pain Fitz John, 7 . pofition of Roger at Earl Milo's death in 1143, gn, 10, 19, 20. affumed title of Earl of Here- ford, 9n. formally created Earl of Here- ford by Henry II., 7, 8. founds and endows Flaxley Abbey within foreft limits, 2, 10, 16, 18, 19, 20. benefadlor of fee of Hereford, Abbey of St. Peters, Glou- cefter, and Monks of Breck- nock, 10. forces William of Wycomb, Prior of Llanthony to refign, 11. : became a monk of St. Peter's Monaftery at Gloucefter, 5n. died 1 155, exact date unknown, 5n. buried in St. Peters at Glou- cefter, 5 and sn. Rofs, hayes of, 10. Royal Society of Literature, 60, 80. Rudder, Hiftory of Gloucefterfliire, i, sn, 82n, 83n, 99. Rudge, Hiftory of Gloucefterfliire, i, 34, 35, 90. Rymers Fcedera, 7, 53. Refedory at Flaxley Abbey, 91. Regill in Nemnot parifti co. Somerfet, a cell to Flaxley Abbey, 67n. Regifters of Biflihops of Hereford, 13, 81 to 84. Richard, Earl Marftiall's men take refuge at Flaxley Abbey, 55, 56, 57. Richard I. grants protedion charter to Flaxley Abbey, 38. Sac, 39, 39. Seal of Abbots of Flaxley, 96. one original feal(A.D. 1534) of Thomas Were, laft Abbot, preferved at Flaxley Abbey, 96. one original feal attached to deed of 10 Ed. II. (a.d. 1316), Weftminfter Chapter Houfe Records, P.R.O., 97. 224 Enlrex to Subjects. Seal, one original feal attached to deed of 9 Ed. II., (a.d. 1315), Duchy of Lancafter Records, P.R.O., 97- 2 Flaxley Seals in Doubleday coUeftion of Britifli Mufeum, 98. Sheep cot, licenfe to keep in Ruwarthin and Northden, 40. Soc, 39, 39n. Sokemannus, 45. Solda (Selda) Du Cange, 68n. Somerfetfhire eflates of Abbey of Flaxley, 67n, 68n. Stephen King, Royal Charters of, 6n. grants to Milo the Honour of Glou- cefler, 6. capture of, in battle of Lincoln, 6. St. Anthony's Well at Flaxley, 34, 36. fire, 3Sn. St. Briavell's Caflle (fee Index of Places) granted to Earl Milo by Emprefs Maud, 6. refumed by Henry II., 8. . conflables of, John of Monmouth, 24. 29. 30. 40, 78. Walter Afmoins, 30. Hugh de Kinardefle, 23. Hugh de Nevill, 28. James Frefel, 31, 51. St. Peter's Abbey at Gloucefler, 4, 5, 10. St. Sepulchre's Hofpital at Gloucefler, 70, 142. Surrenden CoUecSlion of MSS. quoted, sn. Sufpenfion of Abbot of Flaxley a.d. 1335, 57, 58. Swinfield, Bilhop's Roll, Abilract and lUullrations of, by Rev. John Webb, ion, lom. Taxation of Pope Nicholas a.d. 1292, 46. Tewkefbury Annals, 3n, 9n, 54. Theam, 39, 39n. Tithes of Dymmock, 75. Tol, 39, 39n. Tortworth, celebrated chesnut tree, s6n. Twyfden Colledlion, 3. Valor Ecclefiaflicus of Hen. VIII. a.d. 1534, 47 to 49, 67n. Verderer (Viridarius), one who had charge of the vert and venifon, 24. Walter the Conftable, 4. built Gloucefler Caftle on his own demefne .lands, 4. built alfo caflles of Briflol, Rochefler, and Tower of London, 5. patron and founder of Llan- thony Abbey in Wales, 5. became a Canon Regular of Llanthony Abbey, 5. died at Llanthony, buried in Chapter Houfe, 5. Were, Thomas, lafl Abbot of Flaxley, 86, 87, 88. turned out of the Abbey at the fuppreffion in a.d. 1536, 86. died at Aflon Rowan t, Oxon. a.d. 1546, 86. two original deeds at Flaxley Abbey, 96. Weflbury, hundred of, 37. Weflbury-on-Severn, Mr. Bainham of, 2. Walter Map, Incumbent of, 2 in. Nicholas Rewys, Vicar of, 85. Weftminller Chapter Houfe Records, 14, 97. 98. White Monks, a name given to Cillercians, 2n, 20. Writs of Summons to Parliament, 50. Wycombe, William de. Prior of Llanthony, near Gloucefler, 11. biographer of, Robert de Betun, II. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. LARGE PAPER COPIES (43). No. I. Crawley-Boevey, Sir Thos. H., Bart., Flaxley Abbey, Newnham, Glouc. „ 2. Maclean, Sir John, RS.A., Glafbury House, Richmond Hill, Clifton. „ 3. James, Francis, Efq., Edgeworth Manor, Cirencefler. „ 4. Fawn, James, 18, Queen's Road, Briflol. „ 5. Guife, Sir William V., Bart, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., Elmore Court, Gloucefter. „ 6. Heane, W. C, Efq., The Lawn, Cinderford, Gloucefter. „ 7. Eaftwick, Capt. W., 12, Leinfler Gardens, Hyde Park, W. „ 8. Church, A. H. Efq., Shelfey, Kew, Surrey. „ 9. Stubbs, Mifs, Penyard Houfe, Weflon, Rofs, Herefordfhire. „ 10. Baker, W. Prodlor, Efq., Briflington, Briftol, „ II. Bruton, H. W., Efq., Bewick Houfe, Gloucefler. „ 12. Crawley-Boevey, E. B., Efq., 7, Alexandra Terrace, Penzance. " !■ Gibbs, H. Martin, Efq., Barrow Court, Flax-Bourton, Somerfet. ,. 14- ) „ 15. Adlam, William, Efq., The Manor Houfe, Chew Magna, Somerfet. „ 16. Cooke, W. H., Efq., Q.C., 42, Wimpole Street, London. „ 17. Jones, Rev. Canon C. J., Weflbury-on-Sevem, Glouceflerfliire. „ 18. Kerr, RufTell J., Efq., The Haie, Newnham, Glouceflerfliire. „ 19. Lothian, The Moft Hon. the Marquis of, Newbattle Abbey, Dalkeith, N.B. „ 20. Gwinnett, W. H., Efq., Gordon Cottage, Cheltenham. „ 21. Ducie, The Right Hon. the Earl of, P.C, F.R.S., Tortworth, Falfield, Glouceflerfliire. „ 22. Rifley, Rev. W. C, Shalfl.one Redory, Bucks. „ 23. Crawley, Rev. H., Stowe, Weedon, Northamptonfliire. „ 34. Dorington, Sir J. E., Bart., M.P., Lypiatt Park, Stroud. „ 25. Thorp, Difney Launder, Efq., M.D., Lypiatt Lodge, Cheltenham. „ 26. Dancey, Charles H., 6, Midland Road, Gloucefter. Mefliam, Arthur (Major), Pontrylfydd, Bodfari, Rhyl. Guife, Francis E., Efq., Dean Hall, Newnham, Gloucefter. Gibbs, Henry Hucks, Efq., Aldenham Houfe, Elftree, Herts. Gibbs, Mrs. William, Tynteffield near Briftol. 21 t-ist of Suiscribers, 33. Pickering, Mrs., 23, Queen's Gardens, Hyde Park, W. 34. Daubeney, Gen. Sir H. C. B., G.C.B., Oflerley Lodge, Spring Grove, Ifleworth. 35. Campbell, Sir James, Bart, "VVhitemead, Coleford, Gloucefter. 36. Colchefler-Wemyfs, M. W., Efq., Adfett Court, Weftbury-on-Severn, Gloucefter. 37. Cokayne, George E., Efq., F.S.A., Norroy King of Arms, College of Arms, London, E.G. 38. Doggett, Edward G., Efq., 31, Richmond Terrace, Clifton, Briflol. ^^" \ Oliver, Edmund, Efq.. 19, Brechin Place, South Kenfmgton, S.W. 40. ■' 41. Downing, W., Efq., Olton near Birmingham. 42. Phayre, Lieut. -Gen. Sir R., K.C.B., 64, St. George's Square, Pimlico, S.W. 43. Bute, The Most Hon. the Marquis of; K.T., Cardiff Caftle, Cardiff. 44. Fox, Francis F., Efq., Yate Houfe, Chipping Sodbury. 45. Referved -by the Author. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. SMALL PAPER COPIES (loo). Ackers, B., St. John, Efq., Huntley Manor near Gloucefter. Aflier and Co., 13, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Baker, Mrs. Barwick, Hardwicke Court, Gloucefter. Bartleet, Rev. S. E., St. Mark's Vicarage, Gloucefter. Bazeley, Rev. W., Matfon Redlory, Gloucefter. Birch, Mrs., Tyn-y Coed, Bettwys-y-Coed, North Wales. Clark, G. T., Efq., F.S.A., Dowlais Houfe, Dowlais. Cokayne, G. K, Efq., F.S.A., College of Arms, London, E.G. Cowburn, Major, T. B., Dennell Hill, Chepftow. Crawley, W. S., Efq., Sea Bank, Lifcard, Chefnire. Crawley-Boevey, Sir Thos. H., Bart., Flaxley Abbey, Newnham, Glowcefterfhire. Crawley-Boevey Dow., Lady, Flaxley Cottage, Newnham. Crawley-Boevey, Rev. R. L., Flaxley Vicarage, Newnham. Crawley-Boevey, Mifs, Flaxley Cottage, Newnham. Daubeny, Major Edward, Spring Grove, Ifleworth. Daubeny, William, Efq., Stratton Houfe, Park Lane, Bath. Daubeny, Rev. John, Winkfield Vicarage, near Windfor. Deane, Rev. J. B., M.A., 20, Sion Hill, Bath. Derham, Walter Efq, F.G.S., Henleaze Park, Weftbury-on-Trym, Briftol. Downing, W., Efq., Olton near Birmingham. Fawn, James, Bookseller, 18, Queen's Road, Briftol. Fenwick, T. Fitzroy, Efq., Thirleftane Houfe, Cheltenham. Flux, E. H., Efq., Cotfwold, Biftiopfwood Road, Highgate, London, N Fox, C. H., Efq., M.D., The Beeches, Briflington near Briftol. Freeman, E. A., Efq., LL.D., Somerleaze, Wells, Somerfet. Fryer, K. H., Efq., late Mkitland Houfe, Gloucefter. Gibbs, H. Hucks, Efq., Aldenham Houfe, Elftree, Herts. Gibbs, Mrs. William, Tynteffield near Briftol. Godwin, J. G., Efq., 118, Grofvenor Road, London, S.W. Gray, Henry, Bookfeller, 25, Cathedral Yard, Manchefter. 328 iLigt of .Suiisrrifaers. Greenfield, Benjamin Wyatt, Efq., 4, Cranbury Terrace, Southampton. Grift, W. C, Efq., Brookfide, Chatford, Stroud. Hale, C. B., Efq., Claremont Houfe, Gloucefler, Hall, Rev. R., Saul, Stonehoufe. Hamilton, Mrs., 13, Ilderfley Grove, Dulwich. Hanby, Richard, Efq., Chetham's Library, Manchefter. Hardy, Rev. H. H., Micheldean Rectory, Gloucefterfhire. Harrifon, Robert Efq., London Library, 12, St. James Square, S.W. Hatherton, Lady, Teddefley, Penbridge, Stafford. Horner, J. F. F., Efq., Mells' Park, Frome, Somerfet. Howard, J. J., Efq., F.S.A., Dartmouth Row, Blackheath, Kent. Hyett, F.A., Efq., Painfwick Houfe, Painfwick, Stroud, Gloucefter. I,ewis, W. T,, Efq., The Murdy, Aberdare, South Wales. Lindfay, W. A., Efq., Q.C., Portcullis Purfuivant of Arms, 17, Cromwell Road, South Kenfington, Lucy, W. C, Efq., F.G.S., Brookthorpe, Gloucefter. Lynani, C., Efq., Stoke-upon-Trent. Norris, H. Efq., Swalcliffe Park, Weft Banbury, Oxon. Oakeley, Rev., W. Bagnall, M.A., Newland, Coleford, Gloucefter. Overall, W. H., Efq., Corporation Library, Guildhall, London. Page, Lieut. -Gen. George Hyde, 5, Taviftock Road, Weftbourne Park, London, W. Page, Mifs, 16, Somerfet Place, Bath. Palin, Rev. E., Linton, Rofs. Percival, E. H., Efq., Kimfbury Houfe, Gloucefter. Price, W. P. Efq., Tibberton Court, Gloucefter. Raitt, E. R. Efq., Broughtons, Newnham, Gloucefter. Sayer, J., Efq., Pett Place, Charing, Kent. Sherard, Mifs, M. E., Fairthorn, Parkftone, Dorfet. Sherborne, Rt. Hon. Lord, 2, St. James Place, London, S.W. Simpfon, J. J., Efq., Lynwood, Cotham Gardens, Briftol. Skrine, Henry Duncan, Efq., Claverton Manor, Bath. Somers, The Rt. Hon. Lord, Cliffords Mefne, Newent, Gloucefter. Sutton, C. W., Efq., Public Free Library, Manchefter. Trubner and Co., 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill, E.C. Wagner, H. Efq., F.S.A., 13, Half Moon Street, London, W. Wafbrough, H. Sydney, Efq., 7, Gloucefter Row, Clifton. Webb, E., Efq., Blaifdon Hall, Newnham, Glouc. Wetherell, Mrs., Church Houfe, St. Leonards-on-Sea. Williams, J, A. A., Efq., Clan Benno, Carnarvon, North Wale.i AVintle, James, Efq., The Cottage, Newnham, Gloucefter. Yonge, Mifs, Elderfield, Otterbourne, Winchefter. ERRATA ET ADDENDUM. Page 26, Note line 10, for Michael read Michel. „ 32, Note 4, add the following words : " to powerful nobles and retainers of the King." „ 33, Note 3 line 3, for 1670 read 1570. „ 51, Line 13, for " x mare " read " x marc." „ 54, Line 3 from end, for " quierit " read " quievit." „ 56, Note I line 3, for " adarma " read " ad arma." „ 69, Line 13, for " father " read " brother." „ 87, Line 6, for " Hen. VII." read " Hen. VIII." „ 100, Line 4, for " Report " read " Repert." „ 108, Cart. Line 14, for "Rofeley" read " Bofeley." „ 124,^ Cart. 4, for " Dofe " read " Dore." „ 125, Cart. 41, for " Tremongere " read " Iremongere." * „ 125, Note, for " feperate " read " feparate." " Note. — While thefe fheets are pafling through the prefs my attention has been called to Mr. F. W. Maitland's valuable .work, entitled ' Pleas of the Crown for the County ot Gloucefter, A.D. 1221,' pubhftied by Macmillan and Co. This work contains feveral references to the Flaxley monks in connedtion with the Crown pleas of the Foreft of Dean and the Hundred of Weftbury on Severn." 2K NOTE ON WALTER MAP, Conf. p. 79. At page 79 the queflion has been raifed whether the Walter Map who appears as a witnefs in Cart. No. 10 and 54 of the Flaxley Cartulary can be identified with the well-known author of " De Nugis Curialium," and other works in profe and verfe. A doubt was expraffed whether this hypothefis is confident with the date of Cart. No. 54, viz., a.d. 1195. According to Mr. Thomas Wright, who has edited for the Camden- Society in z volumes the works of Walter Map, he was a great favourite of King Henry II., and was made Canon of the Churches of Salifbury and of St. Paul's in London, precentor of Lincoln, incumbent of' Weftbuiy-on-Severn m Gloucefler- fhire, with many other benefices. He was finally i appointed Archdeacon of Oxford ; and according to Thomas of Walfmgham this appointment was made in a.d. 1197. Walter Map is believed to have died circ. 1210; and is faid to have held the Archdeaconry of Oxford and the parfonage of Weftbury to the end of his life. He was remarkable ' for his bitter hoflility to the Ciflercian Order of Monks. According to Giraldus de Barri, generally known as Giraldus Cambrenfis, who was an intimate friend of Walter Map, this hoftile feeling originated in the encroachments of the Monks of "Newenham," on the rights and property of the Church of Weflbury-on-Severn. On this fubject fome remark- able and very interelling teflimony is afforded by an extrafl from the^ "Speculum Ecclefise" of Giraldus de Barri, printed by Mr. Thomas Wright for the Camden Society. This extradt flands as Appendix III. of Mr. Wright's Introdudlion to the poems attributed to Walter Mapes. The extradl is headed "Further account of Walter Mapes from the Speculum EcclefiEe of Giraldus," which work is the chief authority for the life of Walter Map. The extraft in queflion is taken from MS. Cotton, Tiberius B. XIII. fol. 62, r°, and was publiflied in 1843. It is perfe(5lly clear from internal evidence that the whole extradt relates to the Ciflercian Monks of Flaxley or Dene, whofe Monaflery is defcribed by Giraldus as flanding, "in 'limbo " foreftse de Dene non procul a Newenan, fundatum olim in loco ubi comes Herefordise Mile " idlu fagittse cafuali ad feram miffae perforatus letaliter fuit." This paCfage feems to leave no doubt regarding the Monaftery referred to by Giraldus. The parifh of Wellbury-on-Severn is diflant about 2 miles from Flaxley Abbey ; and it is clear from the Cartulary and foundation Charter that the Flaxley monks had large poffeffions in the parifh of Weftbury. The field, or meadow still known as Pulmede, mentioned in the foundation charter, is fituated in Weftbury; and there are numerous references in the Flaxley Cartulary and Abbey records to Chaxhill, Walmore, Bofeley and other hamlets of the fame parifh of Weftbury-on-Severn. The whole extradt shows that there was much ill-feeling between the Monks Note on TOaltET Jlap, 231 of Flaxley and Walter Map, Archdeacon of Oxford and Incumbent of Weftbury, on account of the alleged encroachments of the monks on the rights and property of the Church of Wellbury. Mr. Wright alludes in the introdudion to Walter Map's Latin poems, publifhed 1843, to the encroachments of the monks of "Newenham," referred to by Giraldus; but he does not appear to have enquired who thefe monks of " Newenham " were, nor to have fixed the identity of the Monaftery referred to. In point of fadt there was no religious houfe at Newenham or Newnham-on-Severn at all ; and the reference of Giraldus to the fcene of Earl Milo's death in the Foreft. of Dean clearly eftabliflaos the identity of the Monaflery referred to. The Ciftercian Abbey of Flaxley or Dene was in fa6t the only religious foundation in that neighbourhood; and the Flaxley Cartulary fliows that the monks had feveral pOffeffions in Newnham which adjoins Weftbury, and is diftant from Flaxley Abbey about three miles only. If then we may affume on the grounds Ihown that the interefling printed extradt from the "Speculum Ecclefise" of Giraldus de Barri refers to the Ciftercian Monks of Flaxley, the queiy in the text feems to be fufficiently anfwered ; and it may apparently now be accepted that the well known Walter Map, Incumbent of ViTeftbury, and Archdeacon of Oxford was a near neighkour and intimately acquainted with the Flaxley Monks, and was in all probability the fame Walter Map, who appears as a witnefs in Cart. No. 10 and 54. The fadl that the Ciftercian Monaftery of Flaxley or Dene apparently furnifhed to Walter Map and to Giraldus de Barri materials for their fatirical attacks on the order of White Monks is of fome importance; and the connedtion now difcovered will, perhaps, add increafed intereft both to the extradl from Giraldus' " Speculum Ecclefise," printed for the Camden Society, and to the prefent notes on Flaxley Abbey. Since the publication of the works of Walter Map (Mapes) by the Camden Society, thofe of Giraldus Cambrenfis, including the "Speculum Ecclefias," have been publiflied in the Rolls Series in feven volumes. The "Speculum Ecclefise" is contained in vol. iv, edited by Mr. J. S. Brewer, M.A., 1873. Distindtio III, cap. xiii, contains an account of the fecret drinking and gluttony of the Ciftercians, with fome amufmg anecdotes of Henry II and the Monks of Dene, at p. 213. See alfo preface, p. 41. Cap. xiv contains an account of the witticifms of Walter Mapes againft the Ciftercians, relates that he was incumbent of Weftbury on Severn, and gives an amufmg account of his relations with the Abbot and Monks of Dene. At page 201 of the fame volume, Flaxley Abbey (Flexleia) is again referred to in a difcreditable connedtion, a fifter of John of Monmouth having been compelled or induced by the Abbot to take the veil. 4. 5. NOTICE TO BINDER. LIST OF PLATES. 1. Frontispiece: — General view of Flaxley Abbey facing west. 2 ) Plate L and IIL To face p. 91. „' V Cloistered Room. j Roof of Abbot's Room. Plates IV. and V. To face p. 92. Remains found in ruins of Chapter House. Plan of Chapter House. 6. Plate II. to face p. 93. Arch into West Cloister. 7. Plate VI. Ground Plan to face p. 95.