I M 
 
 
CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 LIBRARY 
 
 FINE ARTS LIBRARY 
 
Cornell University Library 
 
 ND2113.P89 
 
 A Course in water color for the first ei 
 
 3 1924 016 797 932 
 
L^l 
 
 Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924016797932 
 
A Course In 
 Water Color 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 FIRST EIGHT YEARS IN SCHOOL 
 
 With Illustrative Plates in Color and 
 in Black-and-White 
 
 ^ 
 
 THE PRANG EDUCATIONAL COMPANY 
 BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO 
 
Copyright, igoo, h 
 The Prang Educational Company. 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 THE course of instruction in water color 
 given in the following pages is intended to 
 present a consecutive series of exercises in 
 which the following points are held to be most im- 
 portant : — 
 
 Growth in the power to observe and express 
 
 color in nature, in objects, etc. 
 Growth in the appreciation of color harmony 
 in nature, in historic art, etc., and in the 
 power to express color harmony in simple 
 compositions and designs. 
 The correlation of work in color with other 
 subjects where such correlation will be of 
 genuine advantage to both lines of study. 
 Special care has been taken to so arrange the 
 course of study that there shall be an opportunity 
 for development in all lines of the work, — in in- 
 terest and appreciation as well as in observation and 
 expression. Care has also been given to the de- 
 velopment of the subject throughout the course 
 by means of the variation of simple exercises, so 
 that those beginning the work may follow the 
 course without discouragement. Alternately with 
 these simple exercises, more difificult ones are given 
 for schools where the work has made some prog- 
 ress. 
 
 The practical point of securing material has al- 
 so been considered in the arrangement of the 
 course for each year. Painting from plant forms is 
 placed in the autumn and spring months when an 
 abundance of material can be secured. In the win- 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 ter months work is given from objects, life, and 
 historic ornament. 
 
 Color effects of the changes of seasons, color 
 effects of evening, etc., are utilized in illustrative 
 and other imaginative drawing. Work is also sug- 
 gested for national holidays, thus calling attention 
 to points in history. Many exercises lead directly 
 toward future work in the trades and crafts, relat- 
 ing the work to practical life. The correlation of 
 color with other subjects, as suggested above, has 
 been limited, however, to such exercises as will 
 render the work helpful to Isoth of the subjects con- 
 cerned. 
 
 The following suggestions and illustrations are 
 intended to give a fuller statement of certain brief 
 directions in the course of study. 
 
 Care of Materials. 
 
 PREPARING THE BOXES FOR USE. 
 
 Remove the brushes from the boxes, assort 
 them as large and small (one brush is longer 
 and more slender than the other), slip in the 
 handles and put them away in two bundles. 
 Either set may be distributed with the boxes, 
 according to need, and sometimes both sets. 
 
 CLEANING THE BOXES. In cleaning the 
 boxes after use, a bit of cloth or a moist sponge 
 may be used to wipe off the somewhat soiled 
 paints and to wipe out tire pans in which the 
 color is mixed. If the paints have become quite 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 soiled, it is better to wash them off with the 
 brvish at the faucet or wliere jslenty of water 
 may be used. Paints sliould always be kept 
 clean. 
 
 CLEANING THE BRUSHES. The brushes 
 are best cleaned at the faucet. Hold them, 
 points downward, under the stream until they 
 are clean. Shake off the water, see that the 
 brushes are well pointed and straight, make 
 them into a bundle, and hang them, points 
 downward, to dry. It will l^e a great incon- 
 venience to future work if the brushes dry 
 crooked or otherwise out of shape. 
 
 Use of Materials. 
 
 MAKING COLOR. Place the box with the 
 three pans for mi.\ing color toward the worker. 
 Dip into each pan, with the brush, a small pool 
 of water, as shown in Fig. i . ( For a small pool, 
 about a cjuarter of a teaspoonful of water is 
 needed, for a large pool a teaspoonful. For a 
 wash, the pan should be pretty well filled). 
 Make red in the first pool and paint with it. 
 Use the side of the brush when working from 
 the cake, in order to avoid making holes in the 
 paint. See Fig. 2. After clearing the brushes, 
 as suggested below, pure yellow can be made. 
 Clear the brushes again and make blue. 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS, 
 
 CLEARING BRUSHES FROM COLOR. 
 
 Clear the brush from paint by clipping it in at 
 one side of the cup and pressing out the color 
 either against the side of the cup or on a sponge 
 
 Fig. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 or a piece of blotting paper. The first is pref- 
 erable both because of neatness and because 
 no e.xtra materials are called for. See Pig. 3. 
 By pressing out the color at the side of the 
 cup, the paint is made to settle at the bottom, 
 leaving the water above it clear. If the brush 
 
 I''i,l,'. 3- Fig. 4. 
 
 is shaken about in the water the paint 
 not settle, and the water soon becomes 
 for use. 
 
 does 
 unfit 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Making Colors. 
 
 PURE COLOR. By working carefully with 
 small pools of red, yellow and blue, made in 
 the pans as suggested in the preceding exer- 
 cise, orange, green and violet can be mixed 
 quite pure, — that is, with no dulness result- 
 ing from mixing a third color with the two 
 needed to make each of these colors. This 
 thoughtful work with the boxes is excellent 
 color training. 
 
 FULL, RICH COLOR. To make full, rich 
 color, keep the pool in the pan small, fill the 
 brush full of water, work on the cake until the 
 brush is full of color, and then work the brush 
 back into the pool so as to see the color and 
 its strength before using it. To paint con- 
 tinuously in full, rich color, the same process 
 would be repeated. A wash of rich color made 
 by using the pool is generally purer than when 
 made directly from the cake. When rich color 
 is desired in direct work, it is necessary to 
 work largely from the cake in order to pre- 
 serve the strength of the color used. 
 
 BROKEN COLORS. By broken color is meant 
 any color for the making of which red, yellow 
 and blue are all used. Red-gray, orange-gray, 
 etc. are broken colors. Shades of red, red- 
 orange, etc., are broken colors. Various modi- 
 fications of red, blue, etc., may be called broken 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 colors. Under this head, therefore, the follow- 
 ing unclassified list of colors may be placed 
 for the purpose of stating ways of mixing the 
 three colors, red, yellow and blue to produce 
 them : — 
 
 MODIFICATION OF COLORS. Practice in 
 the modification of colors is one of the most 
 important elements in color training. This 
 work is carried throughout the course of study 
 given in the following pages. Variation in 
 value, or the production of tones, is the initial 
 step in conscious work in this direction. See 
 Plate II, Fig. i. Varying red by adding yellow 
 and by adding blue, varying yellow by adding 
 red or blue, and varying blue by adding red 
 or yellow is another step — equivalent to the 
 study of red-violet, red-orange, etc., in colored 
 papers. The next step is varying orange, 
 green and violet by adding a small quantity 
 of the third color. See Plate II, Fig. 2. The 
 rapid variation of color in imitation of the 
 solar spectrum is still another step. See 
 Plate I. Making the broken colors, red- 
 gray, orange-gray, etc., and making neutral 
 gray completes the work from color standards 
 in paper. 
 
 For the decorative use of color it is neces- 
 sary to make those modifications frequently 
 called dull color. Dull or grayish red is pro- 
 duced by adding a little of both yellow and 
 blue to the red. Dull yellow is made by ad- 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 ding red and blue, and dull blue by adding 
 yellow or by adding both red and yellow. 
 Dull orange is produced by adding a small 
 amount of blue to the mixture, dull green by 
 adding red, and dull violet by adding yellow. 
 
 CONVENTIONAL COLOR. When the colors 
 of a flower or other nature form are used as 
 a color scheme in a conventional design, the 
 color is generally modified as stated above, 
 and becomes, consequently, conventional. In 
 elementary work the conventionalization of 
 the colors of a flower is easily effected by 
 making the color flat and somewhat paler 
 than in the plant. In more advanced work, 
 the conventionalization of color calls for a 
 study of relative color values, and one color 
 may be made lighter and another darker 
 than in nature, as the color scheme may 
 require. See Plate XIV for an illustration 
 of the use of flat color, for the abstraction of 
 a conventional color scheme from a flower, 
 and also for the study of color values. 
 
 BROWN. To mix brown, make a dark orange 
 and add blue, or mix dark violet and add 
 yellow. The former mixture makes a yellow 
 brown, the latter a rich, purplish brown. 
 When painting trees, the brown for trunks 
 can be made from the green already mixed, 
 by adding red. The color is not so quickly 
 produced in this way as in the other mixtures; 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 the greenish brown of some tree-trunks is, 
 however, best produced in this way. 
 
 GRAY, BLACK AND WHITE. Gray is 
 made by mixing together bhie, red and yellow 
 in nearly equal quantities. By following the 
 order just stated, the desired result will prob- 
 ably be more readily reached. Black is made 
 by mixing, in a very small pool, or directly 
 from the cake, dark violet with yellow. After 
 adding the yellow, put in another touch of 
 strong blue. White, in pure water color, 
 results from the absence of pigment — it is 
 
 <ytpiw n «Mi ^nftwtfw e B i n »vWtf;<yi-^ 
 
 Fig.S. Fig-6- 
 
 the paper itself. All elementary work in water 
 color should be done with the above thought 
 in mind in order to avoid overwrought and 
 unchildlike effects. 
 
 IVdslu'i. 
 
 FLAT WASLI. To make a ffat wash, work with 
 a full brush, carrying tlie color from left to 
 right across the sj^ace to be covered, begin- 
 ning at the top. See Fig. 5. Carry the 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 brush lightly, grasping the handle at the 
 middle. Make the action of the brush the 
 moving of the pool rather than the brushing 
 of paint. If the paper is tilted a little, the 
 pool keeps its place at the bottom of the wash 
 as seen in Fig. 5. Take up what is left of the 
 pool with the point of the brush, as in Fig. 6. 
 
 GRADUATED WASH. To make a graduated 
 wash, begin with the brush full of strong 
 color, and paint once across the space as 
 suggested in laying on a flat wash. After 
 this, clip the brush in clear water each time 
 it is carried across, thus making the wash 
 gradually lighter throughout. The process of 
 laying on the color is the same as in a iiat 
 wash. 
 
 SPECTRUM EFFECT IN A WASH. The 
 
 effect of the spectrum may be produced in a 
 wash by working from red, yellow and blue 
 successively — the color to be laid on as in a 
 graduated wash. See Plate I for the gen- 
 eral idea. 
 
 VARIED OR BLOTTED WASH. STAINED 
 -GLASS EFFECT. To produce rich and 
 varied color as in stained glass, work from a 
 small pool and from the cake, varying the color 
 as in the production of the graduated wash, 
 or in the spectrum effect given above, but 
 irregularly. The wash should be laid on with 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 a varied touch, and not l^y working across the 
 sheet as in a flat wash. Sec Fig. 7. 
 
 Color Htudy. 
 
 IMPRESSIONS FROM NATURE. Thegreat- 
 est value of direct work from nature lies in 
 the development of power to observe color in 
 
 Fig- 7- 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 its purity, beauty and variety. The direct ex- 
 pression of color impressions, gained from the 
 study of flowers, fruits, trees, etc., is a broad 
 training of the color sense. 
 ABSTRACTING COLOR SCHEMES 
 FROM NATURE. Plate XIV gives an ex- 
 ample of registering the natural colors of a 
 flower. Throughout the course requirements 
 are made for this kind of work as a direct 
 means both of training the color sense and of 
 working out color scliemes to be used in dec- 
 orative designs. The same plate shows a modi- 
 fication of the natural color scheme of a flower 
 for the ]3urpose of making such a scheme as 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS, 
 
 would generally be used in a design in pref- 
 erence to the more brilliant scheme of the 
 flower itself. This work in abstracting con- 
 ventional color schemes from nature is a most 
 valuable factor in color training. 
 
 MATCHING STANDARDS OF COLOR. 
 
 Each year's work includes one or more exer- 
 cises in matching standards of color either in 
 colored paper or in examples of historic orna- 
 ment. These exercises are valuable aids to 
 the development of the color sense. In match- 
 ing either of these standards, care must be 
 taken not to produce heavy, opaque color. 
 The beauty of water color is its transpar- 
 ency. By careful comparison it will be found 
 that the strength and brilliancy of the stand- 
 ard can be reached with full, rich, transparent 
 color. Placing the standard of color and the 
 water color result at a little distance from the 
 worker helps in judging their comparative 
 strength of color. 
 
 COLOR HARMONY. The work of abstracting 
 color schemes from flowers, etc., and of apply- 
 ing these schemes to simple compositions and 
 designs, is most useful in developing a sense 
 of color harmony. The study of color values 
 is frequently called for, especially in the study 
 of standards of color in paper, and in historic 
 ornament, and is a fundamental element of 
 growth in the appreciation of color harmony. 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 Working from good examples of historic orna- 
 ment leads toward culture in harmonious 
 coloring. Applying color schemes from beauti- 
 ful textiles, historic ornament, etc., to original 
 designs is another valuable aid to the study 
 of harmony in color combinations. 
 
 Mcthols of ll'ork. 
 
 DIRECT PICTORIAL WORK. Provision is 
 made in each year for pictorial work directly 
 from the object, — that is, painting without a 
 preliminary sketch. This free work in paint- 
 ing impressions of color is more than a valu- 
 able element of growth in color appreciation, — 
 it is an essential of continued growth in the 
 subject, and should constantly be reverted to 
 in any course of color study. This direct work 
 is painting what is seen or expressing the ap- 
 pearance of color. It is directly comparable 
 to drawing w^hat is seen. See Plates IV, VI, 
 X and XI for general ideas. See also Fig. 4. 
 
 STUDIED PICTORIAL WORK. In con- 
 nection with free pictorial work from obser- 
 vation, exercises are frequently given in which 
 the careful study and expression of form and 
 of composition are made in pencil before the 
 color is applied. This provides an opportunity 
 for reasoning out both the drawing and the 
 color scheme, — work most essential to con- 
 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 
 
 scious growth in the appreciation of color in 
 its relation to form. Plates VII, VIII, XIV, 
 XV and XVIII are examples of this kind of 
 work. 
 
 In all of tire studied work the color is put on 
 practically flat, — that is, without variation to 
 express light and shade. It should be remem- 
 bered, however, that flat color can be changed 
 in hue and is not necessarily a flat wash of a 
 simple color. This work without any attempt 
 to express light and shade is also called " sim- 
 ple" work in color. The plates named above 
 give examples of this simple, flat treatment 
 of color. 
 
 DECORATIVE WORK. The use of color in 
 simple designs for borders, surface patterns, 
 book covers, posters, etc., generally explains 
 itself. The color is almost invariably laid on 
 flat. The design is always drawn or traced be- 
 fore it is colored. Plates V, IX, XII, XIII, 
 XIV, XVI and XVII give examples of this 
 decorative use of color. 
 
 COLOR AS A CONVENTION. A number of 
 the conventions of mechanical and of archi- 
 tectural drawing require a special use of color. 
 The convention for surface development or 
 flat patterns and the conventions for wood, 
 stone and brick are given in the course of 
 study as points of interest and of practical 
 value as matters of instruction. 
 
COURSES OF STUDY 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 FIRST TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outfit for Year's Work. — The Prang Water Color Set No. i. 
 
 White Paper. 
 For Color Standards. — The Prang Color Chart No. I, Color 
 
 Tablets, and the normal tone of the Six Leading Colors in 
 
 Paper. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To begin the use 
 of color. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children make red in one of the depressions of the 
 color box, and paint red on a piece of paper. Let 
 them make and paint with yellow and blue. As a 
 preliminary step to making pure yellow and blue, 
 show the children how to clear the brushes from 
 color. Show the children how to make orange, 
 green and violet. Let them paint with these colors. 
 See General Directions, pages v-vii, for sugges- 
 tions. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To express obser- 
 vations of color, 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 3 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 children paint directly from a flower — that is, 
 without previously sketching in the flower. Yellow 
 flowers are abundant at this season, and will make 
 the best subjects, since the yellow of the flower can 
 be carried directly into the green of the foliage. 
 Work very freely, keeping the brushes full of color 
 and painting rapidly. See General Directions, 
 page xiv, for suggestions for direct work. 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To express obser- 
 vations of color. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint directly from branches of large, red 
 fruit, as the apple; or from red flowers, as the 
 geranium, red sage, etc. Show them how to clean 
 the red paint from their brushes before painting 
 the foliage of the flower, in order that the green 
 may be bright and fresh. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To express obser- 
 vations of color. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 4 
 
FIRST TEAR IN SCHOOL 
 
 children paint directly from flowers or from sim- 
 ple, bright leaves. Work rapidly, with the brushes 
 full of color. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and mass in tree forvis. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from trees in the school 
 yard, or paint trees from memory. If they are 
 watching the changes in trees in their nature study, 
 the memory work will be very good. Bright yellow 
 trees are good subjects. Show how to paint the 
 brown trunks. See General Directions, page ix, 
 for mixing brown. 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from branches of fruit or 
 from autumn leaves or flowers. The chrysanthe- 
 mum is a good subject. 
 
 5 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color im- 
 aginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint a story of the birds going south. 
 Have them draw an oblong, and in the oblong paint 
 the blue sky and the sober, green ground of autumn, 
 The sky and ground can be painted without the 
 preliminary pencil sketch. When the picture is dry. 
 paint the birds flying away across the sky. See 
 Plate III for suggestions for landscape but simplify 
 by omitting the trees. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color iw-- 
 
 aginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint an imaginative drawing, appropriate 
 to Thanksgiving, previously done with the pencil. 
 An out-of-door sketch is best. Have them color the 
 sky and ground first, and then the people, houses, 
 etc. If the drawing is enclosed in an oblong, the 
 work can be more satisfactorily done. See Plate 
 VII for the general idea. 
 
Plate II. 
 
 I H I 
 
 I II II 
 
 Two tones of the Six Leading Color 
 Fig. I. 
 
 mm m 
 
 IIIIM»( MMIIM 
 
 Variations of Red, Yellow and Blue. 
 Fig. 2. 
 
FIRST TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use yellow in 
 a simple decorative arrangement. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint a row of circles or of squares from 
 an arrangement made with the yellow color tablets. 
 Have them sketch the row of circles or squares on 
 the paper before painting. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To lead to the ob- 
 servation of a standard of color. To lay on a flat 
 wash. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children make a flat wash of red on a circle, a square, 
 or a simple quatrefoil already drawn on paper. Lead 
 them, when mixing the wash, to compare it with the 
 colored paper standard for the hue. In laying on 
 a wash, use plenty of color in the brush and work 
 rapidly. See General Directions, page xiii, for use 
 of color standards, and page x for laying on a flat 
 wash. 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color imag- 
 inatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint an imaginative drawing appropriate 
 to Christmas, already sketched in pencil. If pre- 
 ferred, a spray of holly may be painted. 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To lead to the 
 matching of a given color. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint from orange tablets arranged in 
 a rosette or a border. The arrangement should 
 first be drawn with the pencil. In seeing that the 
 children match colors, try to depend upon the effect 
 of strength, and do not let the paint become thick 
 and unpleasant, as it is apt to do when working 
 from the tablets or from colored paper. See Gen- 
 eral Directions, page xiii, for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color 
 imaginatively. 
 
 8 
 
FIRST TEAR IN SCHOOL 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint an illustrative or a memory drawing 
 of winter sports or games, — as skating, making a 
 snow man, etc. 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To match a given 
 
 color. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint an arrangement of green tablets, — a 
 
 Greek cross, a rosette, etc. Have them draw the 
 
 arrangement before painting it. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To match a given 
 color in aflat wash. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint from an arrangement of violet tablets, 
 or from violet quatrefoils cut from colored paper. 
 The arrangement or figure should first be drawn. 
 Let the children mix sufficient paint, not too thick, 
 and then lay the wash on rapidly, keeping the 
 brush full of color. 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color 
 
 imaginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint an illustrative story appropriate to 
 
 Lincoln's or Washington's birthday. If preferred, 
 
 they may paint directly from a boy dressed as a 
 
 soldier. 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 
 express color and form in objects. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from gayly dressed dolls. Do 
 not expect too much from this exercise, but let the 
 children work freely, painting what they see. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form- as seen in a pose. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from the pose ; a girl dressed 
 
 lO 
 
FIRST TEAR IN SCHOOL 
 
 in bright colors makes a good subject. Work rapidly, 
 with the brush full of color. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form as seen in animals. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from a rabbit, a dog, or a cat. 
 Get rapid work, and simple color. A flat mass of 
 color of the right shape will be enough to expect in 
 this exercise. 
 
 Outline for the Month of April. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To lead the chil- 
 dren to observe out-of-door conditions, attd to paint 
 from memory or from imagination. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Encour- 
 age the children to watch for the return of the birds 
 and for other signs of the beginning of spring. Let 
 them draw birds flying across an oblong space, 
 calling them blue-birds. They can then paint their 
 drawing from memory or from imagination. If pre- 
 ferred, paint directly from a parrot or a canary. 
 
 II 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe mid 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from opening leaf-buds, cat- 
 kins or spring flowers. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from Japanese lanterns or 
 from single pieces of pottery, arranged about the 
 room so that they can be readily seen. The objects 
 should be placed below the level of the eye. Work 
 rapidly, keeping the brush full of color. 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from single pieces of bright 
 colored pottery, or from bright colored fruit or vege- 
 tables. 
 
 12 
 
Plate III. 
 
FIRST TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from a potted plant or from 
 a large, simple flower in a vase. If preferred, paint 
 from a bird or from the pose. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observeand 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from a flower — the tulip, 
 narcissus, fleur-de-lis, etc. If possible, each child 
 should have a flower. See Plate VI for the general 
 idea. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To paint a simple 
 design in natural colors. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children color a simple sprinkling of flowers over 
 an oblong surface in the natural colors of the 
 
 13 
 
COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 flowers. The sprinkling makes an effect like a 
 pattern for cambric. See Plate V for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and mass in tree forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint directly from trees in the school 
 grounds ; or they may paint from memory trees seen 
 in parks or along the streets. Lead them to note 
 the fresh color of early summer foliage. See Plate 
 XI for the general idea, though the work in this 
 grade should be simpler, — practically a flat mass 
 of the right shape. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To express ob- 
 servations of spring in color. To paint a land- 
 scape. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint a very simple spring scene of sky, 
 trees and ground. The sky can be painted first, 
 then the tree masses against the sky, last of all 
 the foreground. (See Plate III for suggestions.) 
 
 14 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 SECOND TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outfit for Year's Work. —The Prang Water Color Set No. i. 
 
 White Paper. 
 For Color Standards. — The Prang Color Chart No. i,and 
 
 three tones of the Six Leading Colors in Paper. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To lead to the 
 making of the six leading colors in two or more 
 tones. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 pupils make red, working from the cake into a small 
 pool in the box, and paint red in a small, oblong 
 brush-mark. Let them make a deeper red by mixing 
 more color with that in the pool and then let them 
 paint deeper red. Work in the same way with yellow 
 and blue. Show how to mix orange and let them 
 paint light orange and orange. Let them mix and 
 paint with two tones of green and of violet in the 
 same way. See Plate II, Fig. i, and page vii of 
 General Directions, for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 15 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint directly from autumn flowers — the 
 coreopsis, aster, etc. — or from grasses. Work 
 rapidly, with brushes full of color. (See General 
 Directions, page xiv, for direct work. See also Plate 
 IV for painting grass, and Plate VI for painting a 
 flower. 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and ex- 
 press color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 pupils paint directly from branches of large fruit — 
 the pear, quince, etc., or from berries, rose-haws, etc. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and ex- 
 press color and mass iji tree-forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint directly from trees seen from the 
 windows, or let them paint from memory trees 
 observed on the way to school. If they are observ- 
 ing changes in autumn trees, in their nature study, 
 
 i6 
 
SECOND TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 the memory work will be very interesting. Have 
 them paint the trees in large, simple masses. Show 
 how to paint the trunks. See Plate XI for the 
 general idea of painting trees, and General Direc- 
 tions, page ix, for suggestions for making brown. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. Tomakeapleasijtg 
 arvMigement of colorniasses in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children sketch lightly, with pencil, a pleasing ar- 
 rangement of grasses in an oblong space. Have 
 them paint the composition, outlining the oblong 
 with a brush line of the same color as the grasses. 
 See Plate XIV for arrangements in space, and 
 General Directions, Fig. 8, for outlining with the 
 brush. 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from simple sprays of 
 
 17 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 autumn leaves. Have them study the color and 
 express what they see. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To paint a study 
 
 of sky and land. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint in the upper part of an oblong the 
 blue sky as seen from the window, then paint green 
 land below the sky, not waiting for the edge of the 
 sky to become dry. Let them add birds flying across 
 the sky as a point of human interest. This requires 
 no use of the pencil. See Plate III for the general 
 idea. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color im- 
 aginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint an illustrative sketch, appropriate 
 to Thanksgiving, previously drawn in pencil. If 
 the sketch is an out-of-door scene enclosed in an 
 oblong, the work will be more effective. See Plate 
 VII for the general idea. 
 
 i8 
 
Plate IV 
 
SECOND TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a flat 
 wash. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint a flat wash of yellow on a quatref oil. 
 They can readily make this figure by tracing from 
 the familiar cutting of a quatrefoil. Work rapidly, 
 with brushes full of color. See General Directions, 
 page X, for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To lead children 
 to tlie observation of standards of color. To use tioo 
 tones of a color in a decorative arrangement. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint a border of circles and ellipses in two 
 tones of red, referring to the colored papers as 
 standards for hue and difference of tone. Let them 
 first put a flat wash of light red over the entire sur- 
 face of the border. When this wash is dry, let them 
 paint the figures and the marginal lines in a deeper 
 red. 
 
 19 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color im- 
 aginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint an illustrative sketch, appropriate 
 to Christmas, previously drawn with pencil. If pre- 
 ferred, paint directly from holly or make a holly 
 design for a Christmas card. 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To maich agivai 
 color. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children make a flat wash of blue on a square, a 
 circle, or a quatrefoil. Let them use blue paper as a 
 standard for the hue, but do not urge them to pro- 
 duce the same strength of color. It will be found 
 that only the effect of the colored paper can be 
 reached with transparent colors. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe otit-of- 
 door color f rem the window. 
 
 20 
 
SECOND TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint a simple landscape showing the 
 sunset over a snowy hill, over water, etc. The 
 sunset color should be the result of a number of 
 observations made at home and recorded by paint- 
 ing either at home or at school. If preferred, paint 
 from a parrot, a canary or a pigeon. 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use hvo tones 
 of a color in a decorative arrangement. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint a border of crosses or of quatrefoils 
 in two tones of blue. Have them refer to light and 
 lighter blue paper as standards when mixing the 
 colors. If preferred, draw and paint large capital 
 letters in a square space, using the same color 
 scheme as above. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 
 express color and form in an object. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from gayly-dressed dolls or 
 from toy animals. Paint rapidly, and work for 
 
 21 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 the general shape of the mass of the object. If pre- 
 ferred, paint directly from the pose. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color im- 
 aginativcly. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint an illustrative sketch, appropriate 
 to Lincoln's or Washington's birthday, previously 
 drawn in pencil. The illustrative sketch may be 
 from some favorite story instead of from history. 
 An out-of-door scene is best for this work. If pre- 
 ferred, paint directly from a boy dressed in a sol- ! 
 dier's outfit, or some similar pose. ■. 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. *] 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and \ 
 
 express color and form in objects. 1 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from bright-colored pottery. 
 The pottery should be arranged below the eye • 
 and near enough to be readily seen. Work rapidly, ' 
 
 with brushes full of color. See Plate X for the gen- 
 eral idea. The vase in the plate was done without 
 retouching. 
 
 22 \ 
 
SECOND TEJR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint directly from potted plants or from 
 a flower in a hyacinth glass, a flower in a vase, etc. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To lead the chil- 
 dren to remember colors observed. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint a simple study of evening. The 
 study may be sky and house-tops or sky and land. 
 Lead them to recall sunset color in the sky from 
 recent observations, and to paint the sky to show 
 this memory of color. Show them how to paint 
 the rest of the picture (whether house-tops or 
 land), in dull purple to represent evening. This 
 can be done partly from memory, if they observe 
 well. 
 
 Outline for the Month of April. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color a^id for7n in objects. 
 
 23 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from Japanese lanterns or 
 from bright colored pottery. Use full brushes and 
 paint rapidly, without going back over the work. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint directly from opening leaf-buds, 
 catkins, or spring flowers. Have them register at 
 one side of the page the colors found in the ob- 
 jects. See Plate XIV for the general idea of 
 registering a color scheme. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint directly from spring flowers — the 
 tulip, narcissus, etc. The flower can be arranged 
 in a circular or an oblong space and the composi- 
 tion sketched before painting, if desired. See Plate 
 XIV for the general idea of arrangement in space. 
 
 24 
 
Plate V 
 
SECOND TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arran (re masses 
 of color in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Have the 
 children sketch an arrangement of flowers in an 
 oblong space. Each child should have a flower for 
 this exercise. Let them paint the arrangements. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and- 
 express action., forvi and color in the pose. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint directly from a boy or a girl, posed 
 to represent definite action, walking, etc. Work 
 rapidly and so as to express the action of the pose. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To color a simple 
 design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children color a simple surface design of violets in 
 
 25 
 
COURSE OF ST U D T 
 
 the natural colors of the flower. This design may 
 be a simple repetition of a flower over a square or 
 oblong surface. See Plate V for the general idea. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and mass in tree-forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children paint trees seen from the window or on 
 the way to school, showing the bright, green foliage 
 of summer. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use tree-forms 
 in a landscape. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 children draw an oblong and then paint sky and 
 land in the space, using spring colors. Have them 
 paint a tree mass against the sky. Show them how 
 to complete the picture by painting the trunk of the 
 tree, ending it with a feeling of its growing out of 
 the ground. If preferred, flying birds may be put in 
 the picture instead of trees. See Plate XV for the 
 general idea, though this work should be much 
 simpler. 
 
 26 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outfit for Year's Work.^The Prang Elementary Course in 
 Art Instruction, Book for Third Year, or (single edition) 
 Books I and 2, and Teachers' Manual for Third Year. 
 The Prang Water Colors, Set No. I . 
 
 Color Standards. — The Prang Color Chart No. I and scales 
 of the Six Intermediate Colors in three tones. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To produce a 
 variety of colors with red, yellow, and blue. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 children paint in regular order on a sheet of 
 paper brush-strokes of yellow, of yellow with the 
 addition of a little red, then of yellow with the 
 addition of more and still more red. Paint yel- 
 low with a little blue added, then with more and 
 more blue. Paint similarly with red, adding yel- 
 low, and with red, adding blue. Make also dif- 
 ferent combinations with blue by adding yellow 
 or red. Show the children how to combine red 
 and yellow, and then to add blue, so as to pro- 
 duce the brown of branches and tree-trunks. 
 See General Directions, page viii, for sugges- 
 tions. 
 
 27 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 These color combinations can be registered on 
 the first blank page of the drawing-book, in any 
 pleasing arrangement of small brush-strokes. 
 See Plate II, Fig. 2. This exercise, thoroughly 
 worked out, produces the color scheme of the 
 entire year. 
 
 (In the single edition of the Prang Elementary Course in 
 Art Instruction there are four blank pages in each book.) 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let 
 the children paint directly from flowers, — the 
 wild sunflower, coreopsis, black-eyed Susan, etc. 
 Show the children how to keep the brush full of 
 color and to work rapidly. See that they do not 
 go back over the work. See Plate VI for paint- 
 ing a flower and General Directions, page xiv, for 
 direct work. 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 28 
 
THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let 
 
 the children paint directly from grasses, sprays, 
 etc., expressing the form and color with only 
 enough detail to show the growth of the plant. 
 Lead them to keep the color fresh by the use of 
 plenty of water, to paint quickly, yet thought- 
 fully, and to work with few strokes of the brush 
 without going back over the work. See Plates 
 IV and VI for examples. 
 
 This exercise or the following may be placed on 
 page 3 of the drawing-book. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life, and to util- 
 ize these in simple decorative arrangements. To 
 make agreeable arrangements of masses of color in 
 space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Lead 
 the children to sketch very lightly, in pencil, a 
 pleasing arrangement of a spray of grass or of 
 leaves in an oblong or circular space on page 3. 
 The drawing should be painted in the general 
 color of the grass or leaves, and the color made 
 flat, — that is, without variation as to light and 
 dark. The oblong or circle should be outlined 
 
 29 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 with a broad brush-line of dark green. See 
 Plate XIV for arrangement in space and General 
 Directions, Fig. 8, for outlining with the brush. 
 This exercise is not intended as nature study 
 pure and simple, but as a somewhat conventional 
 decorative treatment of plant forms. For this 
 reason the arrangement is drawn before it is 
 painted, and the color is put on flat. See Gen- 
 eral Directions, page xiv, for further suggestions. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color aiid form m plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 branches of fruit — the apple, pear, peach, quince, 
 etc. — directly from the object, working for the 
 large masses of color. Work with full, rich 
 color, rapidly and without retouching. See Gen- 
 eral Directions, page vii, for suggestions. 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life, attd to 
 
 30 
 
Plate VI 
 
 4 
 
 
THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL, 
 
 utilize these in simple arrmtgements of masses 
 of color in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly on page 4 of the drawing-book an ar- 
 rangement of a branch of fruit in an oblong 
 space. Paint the branch, as arranged, in flat 
 color, following the colors of the branch studied. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in statural objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 
 directly from single vegetables, — beets, carrots, 
 radishes, etc., — with some of the foliage still 
 upon them. Express whatever is observed of 
 color and of variations of color. This work can 
 be done directly upon page 5. The vegetables 
 should, in that case, be arranged lying down and 
 below the eye. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color 
 
 itnagina tively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 
 a drawing, already sketched on one of the blank 
 
 pages of the drawing-book, illustrating some 
 
 31 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 historic scene or some story of Thanksgiving. 
 An out-of-door scene is best. The figures and 
 other objects in the drawing should be painted, 
 and the ground should be suggested. If the 
 sketch is made in an oblong, it is easier to paint. 
 The sketch should be very simple ; that is, it 
 should contain few things. A landscape with a 
 house and a few trees, and with two or three 
 people walking toward the house, makes an ef- 
 fective drawing, and aptly illustrates scenes rela- 
 tive to the observance of Thanksgiving. See 
 Plates VII and XV for suggestions. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 groups made of two or three apples, a pear and 
 two apples, etc. Paint what is observed, in both 
 color and form. This exercise may be placed on 
 page 5 of the drawing-book. 
 
 32 
 
THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 on page 6 single pieces of bright-colored pottery. 
 Express freely what is observed in both color and 
 form. See Plate X for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color 
 imaginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 an illustrative drawing already sketched in outline 
 on one of the blank pages of the drawing-book. 
 The story illustrated may be from mythology or 
 it may be a Christmas story. This work will be 
 more effective if the sketch has been made in an 
 oblong space. An out-of-door scene will pro- 
 duce the more encouraging result. If preferred, 
 the exercise may be painting from a sprig of 
 holly or designing a Christmas card or book 
 cover. 
 
 33 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To work with 
 flat color. To draw lines with the brush. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 plaids already sketched lightly on page 1 1 of the 
 drawing-book. For this work the color should 
 be mixed, and the painting should be done from 
 the pool alone. Paint the bars of the plaids in 
 two tones of one color, leaving the background 
 white. Some of the bars may be simple brush- 
 lines, while others may have considerable width. 
 See page 119 of the Elementary Course Manual 
 for suggestions. See also General Directions, page 
 vii, and Fig. 8. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make aflat 
 wash. To draw lines with a brush. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Lay a 
 fiat wash of yellow-orange on a quatrefoil pre- 
 viously drawn on page 14. Refer to the colored- 
 paper standard for the hue. The figure, when 
 dry, may be outlined with a deeper tone of the 
 same color. See General Directions, page x, 
 
 34 
 
THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 for flat washes and for illustration of taking up 
 the pool ; see also page xii for drawing lines with 
 a brush. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a flat 
 wash. To outline a figure. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Lay a 
 
 flat wash of red-orange on a Greek or other cross 
 previously drawn on page 12. Refer to the col- 
 ored-paper standard for the hue. When the wash 
 is dry, the figure should be outlined with a deeper 
 tone of the same color. 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 harmony in primitive art. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a simple Indian border already drawn in outline 
 on page 10 of the drawing-book. Not more than 
 three colors should be used in the border, — as 
 dull red, dull yellow, and black or dark brown. 
 These colors may be found in Indian and Mexi- 
 can pottery, baskets, etc. If preferred, a boy or 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 girl dressed in Indian costume may be painted 
 on page 8 of the drawing-book. See the Third 
 Year Manual, page 113, for suggestions for the 
 pose. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study the ar- 
 rangement of light and dark in a composition. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 a landscape or a flower composition previously 
 sketched on page 13. The entire space should 
 first be covered with a flat wash of a light tone 
 of blue. When the wash is dry, the land masses 
 of the landscape or the flower may be colored 
 with a deeper tone of the same color. The space 
 should be outlined with a broad brush-line of 
 dark blue. The landscape should be very 
 simple, such as can be found on Plate XII of 
 the Third Year Manual. See also Plate XV, 
 Fig. I, for suggestions for landscape. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color 
 im^aginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 an illustrative drawing appropriate to either Lin- 
 
 36 
 
Plate VII. 
 
THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 coin's or Washington's Birthday. See Exercise 
 III in the November and the December outlines 
 for suggestions. See Plate VII for suggestions 
 for composition and coloring. If preferred, the 
 exercise may be painting directly from the pose. 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from single pieces of pottery or from 
 lanterns on page 21 (page 5, single edition) of 
 the drawing-book. See Plate X for direct work 
 from pottery. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange 
 masses of light and dark in a compositio^i. To 
 arrange colors in a simple landscape. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 landscape composition previously sketched on 
 page 27 (page 11, single edition) of the drawing- 
 book. The landscape should be very simple, and 
 should not vary much from the one previously 
 
 37 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 done. See the Third Year Manual, Plate XII, 
 for landscapes. Sky, distant hills, water, a slope 
 in the foreground, make a good theme for this 
 exercise. In coloring the landscape, a light wash 
 of blue should be put over the whole space. 
 When the wash is dry, distant mountains may be 
 colored pale purple and the land in the fore- 
 ground green. Outline the sketch with a brush- 
 line of dark green or dark purple. See Plate 
 XV, Fig. 2, for general idea of the work. If 
 preferred, a simple arrangement of flowers in a 
 square or an oblong space may be done in natural 
 colors. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use (wo tones 
 of a color in a decorative design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 simple border — a fret or zigzag — ■ previously 
 drawn on page 26 (page 10, single edition) of the 
 drawing-book. The entire space of the border 
 should be washed over with a light tone of the 
 color — red-violet or yellow-green — and when this 
 wash is dry, the pattern should be painted in a 
 deeper tone of the same color. Refer to the 
 colored-paper standards for the hue. 
 
 38 
 
THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outline for the Month of April. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use two 
 
 tones of a color in a decorative design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 in two tones of blue-violet a quatrefoil in a circle, 
 previously drawn on page 28 (page 12, single 
 edition) of the drawing-book. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from catkins or from spring flowers on 
 one of the blank pages of the drawing-book. As 
 the children paint, let them register at one side 
 of the page the colors found in the flowers or 
 twigs. See Plate VI for direct work from flowers 
 and Plate XIV for registering a color scheme. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make gray 
 from red, yellow, and blue. To use color as a con- 
 vention in surface development. 
 
 39 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Mix a 
 little light gray paint, using blue, red, and yellow 
 in nearly equal quantities. See General Direc- 
 tions, page X, for making gray, and page xv for 
 color as a convention. Make a gray wash on 
 the pattern for the cube, previously drawn on 
 page 23 (page 7, single edition). 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a flat 
 wash. To use color as a convention in surface 
 development. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Make 
 flat washes of light gray on the patterns of the 
 square and triangular prisms previously drawn 
 on pages 24 and 25 (pages 8 and 9, single 
 edition). 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make an 
 agreeable arrangeme^it of masses of color iji a 
 com-position. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 an arrangement of flowers in a square or a cir- 
 
 40 
 
THIRD TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 cular space on one of the blank pages. These 
 arrangements may be painted from the spray 
 of flowers, the color being put on quite flat. 
 See Exercise II for the month of October for 
 suggestions. See Plate XIV for the general 
 idea of arrangement, and General Directions, 
 page xiv, for flat treatment in color. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use in an 
 
 original design a color scheme taken front Jiower 
 forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a simple design for a book cover previously 
 drawn on one of the blank pages. The motive 
 for the design may be a spring flower. Use in 
 the design the colors found in the flowers, but 
 make them more delicate than in nature, and 
 quite flat. See General Directions, page ix, for 
 this first step in conventionalizing color. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color in plant life. 
 
 41 
 
COURSE OF STUDY. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from flowers on page 29 (page 13, single 
 edition) of the drawing-book. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use in a 
 
 decorative design a color scheme taken from flower 
 forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a simple rosette from a flower or a simple sur- 
 face design previously drawn on page 30 (page 
 14, single edition). Each child should have the 
 flower from which the design was made. Color 
 the design as suggested in Exercise III for the 
 month of May. See Plate V for general idea of 
 surface design. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color in nature forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 a simple landscape or flower composition on one 
 of the blank pages. Try to express the fresh 
 colors of June in the foliage. 
 
 42 
 
Plate 17 If. 
 
 — „-...^,... j. _^. ., . — pj im f||,||| , i, nT i - |i ;]i ii |<r !j n ii f « r il! ri[n-; - ir I i r 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outfit for Year's Work. — The Prang Elementary Course in 
 Art Instruction, Book for Fourth Year, or (single edition) 
 Books 3 and 4, and Teachers' Manual for the Fourth Year. 
 The Prang Water Colors, Set No. 1. 
 
 Color Standards. — The Prang Color Chart No. i and scales 
 of the five tones of the six leading colors in paper. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To produce a 
 variety of colors with red, yellow, and blue. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let 
 the pupils make a number of reds, — red with a 
 little yellow in it, red with a little blue in it, red 
 with a little of both yellow and blue in it. In the 
 same way make a number of yellows — of blues. 
 Variations of orange, green, and violet may also 
 be made. These colors may be recorded in some 
 pleasing order on the first blank page of the 
 drawing-book. See Plate II, Fig. 2, for idea of 
 recording color. 
 
 (In the single-book edition of the Prang Elementary 
 Course in Art Instruction there are four blank pages in each 
 book.) 
 
 43 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 
 pupils paint directly from sprays of leaves, ex- 
 pressing what they see of color and form. Lead 
 them to study the variations of color in the 
 leaves, and to try to express these variations as 
 they paint. See General Directions, page xiv, for 
 suggestions for direct work. See Plate VI for 
 direct work from a flower. 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe color 
 and form tn plarit life. To arrange masses of 
 color agreeably in a given space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 pupils sketch on page 3 of the drawing-book an 
 arrangement of flowers or leaves in an oblong 
 space. This arrangement should be painted very 
 simply, following the colors of the flower or the 
 general colors of the leaves. 
 
 44 
 
FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL, 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from branches of large fruit — the pear, 
 quince, apple, etc. — using full, rich color and 
 painting what is observed. See General Direc- 
 tions, page xiv, for suggestions for direct work 
 and page vii, for full, rich color. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe color 
 and form in plant life. To arrange viasses of 
 color agreeably in a given space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 an arrangement of a branch of fruit in an oblong 
 space on page 4. The arrangement should be 
 painted quite flat. See General Directions, page 
 xiv, for suggestion for the flat treatment of color. 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 45 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from single pieces of pottery, — bowls, 
 teapots, etc. Work rapidly, with brushes full of 
 color. Avoid going back over the surface, as 
 this deadens the color and destroys the effect of 
 brilliancy necessary to represent pottery. See 
 Plate X for the general idea of direct work from 
 pottery. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from groups made of a bowl and vege- 
 tables or a jug and an orange or large apple, on 
 page 5 of the drawing-book. Choose the color 
 of the pottery and the vegetables or fruit with 
 care, in order to produce a harmonious color 
 effect in each group. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color 
 
 imaginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 pupils color an illustrative drawing previously 
 sketched on one of the blank pages. For sug- 
 
 46 
 
FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 gestions, see Exercise III in the Third Year 
 OutHnes for November and for December. See 
 Plate VII for the general idea of composition 
 and of color treatment. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express action, color, and form in the human 
 figure. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from a girl in a bright costume, posed to 
 express some definite action, — as arranging books 
 on a table. Work on page 8 of the drawing- 
 book. Paint rapidly, but thoughtfully, and put 
 the color on very simply ; that is, flat. This exer- 
 cise should follow a series of several exercises in 
 drawing from the pose in outline. The painting 
 should be done, however, without sketching in 
 beforehand. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To lay on a fiat 
 wash. To outline a figure. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 
 47 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 a foil (trefoil, quatrefoil, etc.) previously drawn on 
 page lo. Color the figure with a flat wash of 
 red, of green, or of blue. Refer to the colored- 
 paper standards for the hue. When the wash is 
 dry, outline the figure in a deeper tone of the 
 same color. See General Directions, page x, 
 for flat wash and for illustration of taking up the 
 pool and Fig. 8 for drawing lines with a brush. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 values in a geometric design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 in tones of orange a tile previously sketched on 
 page II. See page i6 of the drawing-book for 
 suggestions for the tiles and for the distribution 
 of dark and light in geometric design. See also 
 Plate IX for the distribution of values in a 
 geometric design. The hue should be taken 
 from the colored-paper standards. If preferred, 
 an arrangement of holly in a circular or an 
 oblong space may be painted. Or a simple 
 Christmas-card design of holly may be made 
 and colored. 
 
 48 
 
Plate IX. 
 
 Space Relations — Line Di\-ision. 
 
 Space Relations — Fan Shapes 
 
 Values — Black, White and Gray. 
 
FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 values in a geometric design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a fret or some similar border previously drawn 
 on page 1 2 of the drawing-book. The entire sur- 
 face of the border should first be covered with a 
 light tone of yellow. When the wash is dry, 
 paint the figures in a deeper tone of the same 
 color. Outline the figure and marginal lines 
 with a deeper tone of yellow. Refer to the 
 colored-paper standards for the color scheme. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use an his- 
 toric motive in an original design. To study 
 values in a simple design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a design for a portfolio previously drawn on one 
 of the blank pages. The design may be made 
 from one of the borders on page 12 of the draw- 
 ing-book. Use two or three tones of green for 
 the design, referring to colored-paper standards 
 
 49 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 for the color scheme. See the book cover on 
 Plate XIII for general idea of work. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study the 
 arrangement of light and dark masses in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 a simple landscape composition in an oblong 
 space on page 13. A house and a clump of trees 
 showing behind a hill, with a foreground broken 
 by a road, will make a pleasing composition. See 
 also page 18 of the drawing-book for landscapes. 
 The composition may be painted in two tones 
 of blue or of brown. For suggestions, see Exer- 
 cise II in the Third Year Outline for March and 
 Plate XV, Fig. 3. 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use a fa- 
 miliar color combination. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 the shield of the United States in the national 
 colors. The shield should be already drawn on 
 page 14 of the drawing-book. Caution against 
 
 50 
 
FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 making the color opaque. The full value of the 
 blue of the shield can be obtained without losing 
 the transparency of the water color. If the 
 school flag is studied in this connection, its colors 
 will be found quite transparent and, therefore, 
 useful as standards. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a pleas- 
 ing arrangement of masses of color z'» space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly in pencil, on one of the blank pages, a 
 study of a potted plant in a square or an oblong 
 space. Paint the study in natural colors, the 
 color laid on practically flat. Work rapidly, with 
 brushes full of color. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a pleas- 
 ing arrangement of masses of color in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, on one of the blank pages, an arrange- 
 ment of Japanese lanterns in an oblong space. 
 Paint the lanterns as they appear. If preferred, 
 the lanterns may be painted directly in the space 
 without the preliminary sketch. 
 
 51 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in animal life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from live or stuffed birds — the parrot, 
 canary, pigeon, etc. — expressing what is observed 
 in form and in color. This exercise or the next 
 can be placed on page 21 (page 5, single edition) 
 of the drawing-book. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a pleas- 
 ing arrangement of masses of color in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly with the pencil a bird in an oblong or a 
 square space. Paint from the bird, studying the 
 color with care. This may be placed on page 
 21 (page 5, single edition). 
 
 Exercise III. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express action^ color and form in the pose. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 
 52 
 
FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 very lightly from the pose on page 22 (page 6, 
 single edition). Paint the sketch, using the color 
 quite flat. See Plate VII for general idea. 
 
 Outline for the Month of April. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make gray 
 from red, yellow and bhie. To use color as a con- 
 vention in surface development. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Make 
 light gray paint by mixing red, yellow and blue 
 in nearly equal quantities. Lay a flat gray wash 
 on the pattern for a prism already drawn on page 
 23 (page 7, single edition) of the drawing-book. 
 See General Directions, page x, for making gray. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make gray 
 from red, yellow and bhce. To 7ise color as a con- 
 vention in surface development. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Tint 
 with light gray the patterns for the triangular 
 prism and the box previously drawn on pages 24 
 and 25 (pages 8 and 9, single edition.) 
 
 53 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe a7td 
 express color ajtd form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from leaf-buds or from spring flowers on 
 page 28 (page 12, single edition). As the chil- 
 dren paint, let them register the colors of the 
 branch or spray at one side of the sheet on which 
 they are working. See Plate XIV for register- 
 ing a color scheme. 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 values in a decorative design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 a border on page 26 (page 10, single edition), of 
 the drawing-book, in two tones of green. The 
 light tone should cover the entire surface of the 
 border. When the background is dry, the figure 
 and marginal lines should be painted in a deeper 
 tone of the same color. The figure and margi- 
 nal lines may be outlined in a third tone of green. 
 See Plate IX for the general idea of treating 
 borders. 
 
 54 
 
Plate X. 
 
FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use in an 
 
 original design a color scheme from plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let 
 the pupils color a simple design for a book cover 
 already drawn on page 27 (page 1 1, single edition). 
 The design is to be made from spring flowers 
 and the colors of the flowers should be followed, 
 but not strictly imitated. For such a design the 
 color would better be made paler, duller, and 
 without variation as to light and dark ; that is, 
 it should be conventional. If preferred, a flower 
 in an oblong space may be drawn and colored or 
 a landscape may be painted. See General Di- 
 rections, page ix, for conventional color, Plate 
 XIV for a flower and Plate XV for a landscape 
 composition. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use conven- 
 tional color in an original pottery design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 simple design for a bowl previously drawn on one 
 of the blank pages. A bowl design calls for a 
 front or side view of the bowl. A simple border 
 of leaves across the top makes a pleasing addi- 
 
 55 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 tion. This border may be colored blue, dull red, 
 or brown, — one of the conventional colors of 
 simple pottery. See Plate XII for suggestions. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use in an 
 original design a color scheme from plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 simple border design previously drawn on page 
 29 (page 13, single edition) of the drawing-book. 
 This border may be of units made from a leaf or 
 from a flower. If from a leaf, it may be colored 
 in two tones of green ; if from a flower, in the two 
 principal colors of the flower. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use historic 
 color. To make a fat zvash. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a Moorish figure previously drawn on page 30 
 (page 14, single edition). The figure may be col- 
 ored a full, rich red, blue, or green. These hues 
 are frequently found in Moorish ornament. 
 
 56 
 
FOURTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make an 
 
 agreeable arrange^itent of masses of color in a 
 
 space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 
 lightly on a blank page a landscape or a flower 
 
 composition. Color the composition to represent 
 
 spring-. See Plates XIV and XV. 
 
 57 
 
CO URSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outfit for the Year's Work. — The Prang Elementary Course 
 in Art Instruction, Book for Fifth Year, or (single edition) 
 Books 5 and 6, and Teachers' Manual for the Fifth Year. 
 The Prang Water Colors, Set No. i. 
 
 Color Standards. — The Prang Prismatic Spectrum and scales 
 of five tones of the twelve colors of the Prang Color Chart 
 No. 1. The Prang Examples of Historic Ornament, 
 Egyptian and Greek Sets. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To prod^ice the 
 effect of the spectrum with red, yellow and blue. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 the effect of the spectrum, working as follows: 
 beginning with a full brush of red, gradually 
 work in more and more yellow with the red, 
 painting on through the orange tones until the 
 color is pure yellow. Then work more and more 
 blue in with the yellow, painting each variation 
 through green and blue-green until the color is 
 pure blue. To the blue add red, and go on 
 through the violets until red is again reached. 
 The method of working is like that of making a 
 graduated wash, only, after the first start, color is 
 
 58 
 
FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 added instead of water. This exercise can be 
 painted on the first blank page of the drawing- 
 book if the single edition is used, or it may be 
 done on white paper. See General Directions, 
 page xi, and Plate I. 
 
 (In the single-book edition of the Prang Elementary Course 
 in Art Instruction there are four blank pages in each book.) 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express freely color and form as found in plant 
 life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from sprays of flowers, — the cosmos, wild 
 sunflower, corn-flower, etc. Each pupil should 
 have a spray of flowers, in order to secure such 
 observation as is desirable. Let the pupils ex- 
 press freely what they see in both color and form. 
 Work rapidly, with brushes full of color. See 
 Plate VI and General Directions, page xiv for 
 direct work. 
 
 59 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe form 
 and color in plant life and to arrange masses of 
 color agreeably in a given spaxe. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with the pencil, an arrangement of a 
 spray of flowers in an oblong, a circular, or a 
 semicircular space on page 3 of the drawing- 
 book. Paint the arrangement after the general, 
 natural colors of the spray, laying the colors on 
 flat. This somewhat conventional treatment of 
 the flower seems appropriate to work in space 
 relations, as the consideration is for masses of 
 color. See General Directions, page xiv, for flat 
 color treatment and Plate XIV for flowers in 
 space relations. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color in masses of aututnn foliage. To 
 study masses in trees,. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 trees with bright-colored foliage, either directly 
 
 60 
 
Plate XL 
 
FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 from trees seen from the window or from mem- 
 ory. This may be done on one of the blank 
 pages. A " field day " or an hour in a neighbor- 
 ing park gives an opportunity for this work. The 
 trees should be done in simple masses, as on 
 Plate VIII of the Fifth Year Manual. Exercise I 
 in the September outline prepares for the vari- 
 ation of hue required in this work. See Plate XI 
 for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange 
 tree masses in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with the pencil, a tree in an oblong or a 
 square space, using the trees previously painted 
 as examples. Paint the tree in the arrangement 
 as in the preceding exercise. Show the pupils 
 how to add the ground in the lower part of the 
 space, thus completing the arrangement. The 
 oblong may be outlined with dark green or with 
 brown. This exercise may be painted on page 5. 
 See General Directions, Fig. 8, for drawing lines 
 and Plate XV for trees in space. 
 
 61 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from branches of large fruit, of berries, 
 or of nuts, on one of the blank pages of the 
 drawing-book. Each pupil should have a branch, 
 in order to secure true observation. Lead the 
 pupils to work rapidly, with the brushes full of 
 rich color. See General Directions, page vii, for 
 suggestions for keeping the color rich and full. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange 
 tnasses of color agreeably in a given space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 on page 8 of the drawing-book an arrangement 
 in an oblong or a square space of the branches 
 of fruit, etc., already studied. Paint this arrange- 
 ment in the natural colors of the branch, making 
 the color flat. 
 
 62 
 
FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL, 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in insecis. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from butterflies, moths, etc., so arranged 
 among the desks that they can be readily ob- 
 served. If the insects are mounted on cards, 
 they can be tilted so as to give interesting posi- 
 tions from which to study the appearance. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a 
 study of insects in space relations. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 an arrangement of butterflies, of dragon-flies, or 
 of some other insect, in an elliptical or a circular 
 space on page 4 of the drawing-book. A good 
 arrangement of this kind may be found in the 
 Manual on page 91. Let the pupils paint the in- 
 sects in the natural colors. The space should be 
 outlined in black or in very dark purple. 
 
 63 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express action, form, and color in the human 
 
 figure. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 very lightly, in pencil, the main lines of a boy 
 or a girl in a position suggesting some definite 
 action. This should be a second or third study 
 of a pose sketched for proportion, etc. Let the ; 
 pupils paint the pose, using flat color, and de- 
 pending upon the drawing for the expression of 
 action and of form. The outline drawing ex- 
 presses action and the relations of the parts of 
 the figure, and color is used to express the mass 
 only. Using color to express the mass takes 
 away the desire to use meaningless lines in the 
 pencil drawing. This exercise may be done on 
 page 6 of the drawing-book. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use the pose 
 in a composition. To use color imaginatively. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 a winter scene, made by drawing the pose in an 
 out-of-door composition. Color the scene to rep- 
 resent morning or evening: the latter is the 
 
 64 
 
FIFTH TEylR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 better, because of the bright color. The color 
 can be done from memory. See Plate VII for 
 general idea of treating the composition. A com- 
 position of holly or a design for a Christmas card 
 with holly as a motive may be made as an alter- 
 native exercise. 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use historic 
 color in an Egyptian border- 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Use 
 
 historic color in an Egyptian border previously 
 drawn on page 9 of the drawing-book. The cor- 
 rect color can be found in the Prang Examples 
 of Historic Ornament, Egyptian Set. The entire 
 background of the border should be colored a 
 pale, dull yellow, and the pattern painted after 
 this wash is dry. Outline the pattern in dark 
 red or black. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use historic 
 color in a Greek figure. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 in historic color a Greek figure previously drawn 
 
 65 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 on page lo. The figure may be enclosed in an 
 oblong. Color the entire background the dark 
 red of Greek ornament and paint the figure 
 black. Outline the oblong with black. The red 
 desired may be found on the Prang Examples of 
 Historic Ornament, Greek Set. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 values in a simple geometric design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 in three tones of red-orange or of red-violet the 
 tiles previously drawn on page ii. The study 
 of color values is a study of light and dark in 
 color. Suggestions for the distribution of dark 
 and light in tiles may be found on page 54 of the 
 Fifth Year Manual. See also Plate IX for color 
 values in a geometric design. If preferred, an 
 arrangement of a potted plant in a square or an 
 oblong space may be placed on page 11. 
 
 66 
 
Plate XI I. 
 
FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL, 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To produce a 
 prismatic color effect in a decorative figure. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 the Byzantine figure previously drawn on page 
 14 of the drawing-book in a prismatic color effect 
 varying from yellow-green to violet. This effect 
 is produced as suggested in Exercise I of the 
 September outline. See also Plate I for the 
 color effect. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 
 values in a landscape compositio7t. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 landscape composition previously sketched on 
 page 13. See page 16 of the drawing-book for 
 suggestions for landscape compositions, and 
 Manual, pages 92 and 93, for ways of varying 
 these compositions. The composition may be 
 colored in tones of gray. A gray wash may be 
 put over the entire space, and the various parts 
 of the composition may then be colored in deeper 
 tones of gray. See General Directions, page x, 
 
 67 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 for making gray and Plate XV for color values 
 in landscapes. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from single pieces of pottery or groups 
 of two pieces of pottery on one of the blank 
 pages of the drawing-book. The pottery should 
 be well distributed among the desks, so that it 
 can be readily observed. If grouped, care should 
 be taken that the two pieces of the group har- 
 monize in color. Let the pupils express what 
 they see of both color and form. See Plate X 
 for direct work in painting pottery. 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from a simple group of pottery on page 
 19 (page 3, single edition) of the drawing-book. 
 
 68 
 
FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Several groups of two objects each should be 
 placed among the desks where they can be readily 
 seen. A vase and a bowl or a tall teapot and a 
 bowl make good groups. In all groups the color 
 should be harmonious. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a com- 
 position of a simple object in a giveji space. To 
 study a large mass of color in space relations. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 a simple vase with handles, a teapot, or a similar 
 object, in an oblong space on page 21 (page 5, 
 single edition) of the drawing-book. Paint the 
 object flat, and indicate the plane on which the 
 object stands by a flat wash of a lighter tone of 
 the same color as the object. Outline the space 
 with a broad brush-line of a darker tone. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To color a 
 simple pottery design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color, 
 in two tones of blue or of blue-violet, a design for 
 a plate or a saucer previously sketched on one of 
 the blank pages. Such a design can be made 
 
 69 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 from an arrangement of flowers in a circular 
 space. A simple border of leaf forms around 
 the edge of the plate or saucer also makes an 
 agreeable design. See Plate XII for suggestions. 
 
 Outline for the Month of April. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To apply a color 
 scheme to a pictorial composition of house-tops. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 a study of house-tops in an oblong space, pre- 
 viously sketched on page 20 (page 4, single edi- 
 tion) of the drawing-book. Lead pupils to recall 
 the color of the sunset sky, the purple color of 
 roofs, and the dull and somewhat yellowed (or 
 reddened) color of the sides of houses seen at 
 sunset. Let them color their composition in this 
 sunset scheme. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 
 directly from branches of opening leaf-buds or 
 from spring flowers on page 26 (page 10, single 
 
 70 
 
FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 edition). Let the pupils register at one side of 
 the page the scheme of colors found in the sprays 
 studied. See Plate XIV for registering color. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange 
 masses of color agreeably in space. To make a 
 sifnple design from the arraiigcinent. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Make an 
 arrangement of flowers in a fan-shaped space, — 
 either the shape of a Japanese fan or that of 
 the paper of a semicircular (folding) fan. Color 
 the arrangement of flowers very delicately, and 
 outline each part. Outline also the fan-shaped 
 space. See Plate IX for suggestions. 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use in a 
 design an historic motive with an historic color 
 scheme. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a surface or a border in which the motive is an 
 Egyptian, Assyrian, or Greek rosette. This 
 
 71 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 design should be already drawn on page 27 (page 
 II, single edition) of the drawing-book. The 
 border is best arranged vertically on the page. 
 An Egyptian color scheme may be used, the 
 background to be of pale, dull yellow and the 
 figures of dull red, green, and blue. See the 
 Prang Examples of Historic Ornament, Egyptian 
 Set, for a good color scheme. 
 
 If preferred, the Egyptian rosette may be 
 painted in an Egyptian color scheme. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from spring flowers — the narcissus, 
 tulip, etc. — on one of the blank pages. Let the 
 pupils register at one side of the page the colors 
 of the flower and its foliage. 
 
 *e>^ 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To work out a 
 color scheme for an original design. To study 
 values in a color schenu. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 units of design made by arranging a flower in a 
 
 72 
 
Plate XIII. 
 
 AME OF BOOK 
 
FIFTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 hexagon. These units should be already sketched 
 on page 28 (page 12, single edition). Use as a 
 color scheme the colors of the flower from which 
 the units are made. The colors may be made 
 paler and somewhat duller than in nature, — that 
 is, conventional in color. See page ix of General 
 Directions for dull and for conventional color. 
 The relative values of the bright color and the 
 green, as arranged in the units, should be care- 
 fully studied. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use in an 
 
 original design a color sclieme froin plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Let the 
 pupils color a surface design already drawn or 
 traced on page 29 (page 13, single edition) of the 
 drawing-book. This design may be made by re- 
 peating one of the units on page 28 over a given 
 surface. It should be colored as in the preceding 
 exercise. 
 
 73 
 
COURSE OF STUDY. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use, in an 
 original design for a border, a color scheme from 
 plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 border design made from a flower and already 
 drawn on page 30 (page 14, single edition). The 
 color scheme for the design may be worked out 
 from the flower or a color scheme from pottery 
 or from textiles may be used. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express spring colors in^ a landscape composition. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 a landscape composition on one of the blank 
 pages. The composition should be simple; 
 e.g., a group of houses with trees and a fore- 
 ground (see page 16 of the drawing-book) or a 
 group of houses and a path through the fore- 
 ground (see Manual, page 125). Let the pupils 
 paint the composition to show the fresh, bright 
 colors of spring. See Plate XV for suggestions. 
 
 74 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outfit for the Year's Work : The Prang Elementary Course 
 in Art Instruction, Book for Sixth Year or (single edition) 
 Books 7 and 8, with Teacher's Manual for Sixth Year. 
 The Prang Water Colors, Set No. l. 
 
 Color Standards : scales of five tones of the twelve colors of 
 the Prang Color Chart No. i, and the Prang Examples 
 of Historic Ornament, Egyptian and Greek Sets. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To produce grada- 
 tions in color from dark to light. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Make 
 graduated washes of red, orange, etc., following the 
 suggestions given on page xi of the General 
 Directions. For standards, scales of colored paper 
 should be hung at the front of the room. These 
 washes may be made on the first blank page of 
 the drawing book. As it is not necessary that the 
 oblong space for each color be very large, it is 
 possible to arrange all twelve colors on the page. 
 See Plate II, Fig.i, for idea of arrangement. 
 
 (In the Single Edition of The Prang Elementary Course in Art 
 Instruction there are four blank pages in each book. ) 
 
 75 
 
COURSE OF SrUDT FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from branches of fruit or berries, or from 
 autumn flowers. In this grade, special attention 
 should be given to freedom in the use of color. 
 Encourage pupils to work rapidly, with brushes full 
 of color. See Plate VI for example of direct work 
 and General Directions, page xiv, for suggestions. 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in plaiit life. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from branches of fruit, berries or nuts, or 
 from autumn leaves simple in form and color. 
 These can be painted directly on page 3 of the 
 drawing book. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and mass iji trees. To make a com- 
 position of a tree in an oblong space. 
 
 76 
 
SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL, 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Study 
 tree forms from the window, in the school grounds, 
 or in the parks and fields. Lead the pupils to 
 see the trees as a varied mass of green or of autumn 
 colors. See General Directions, page xi, for varied 
 color. Paint the general mass of the tree, express- 
 ing it as it appears, in varied light and dark green, 
 etc. Add the brown trunk and make a suggestion 
 of ground at its base. See Plate XI for example 
 of treatment. Let pupils sketch a simple compo- 
 sition of a tree in an oblong space, working from 
 the tree just painted. Paint the mass of the tree 
 quite flat, add the trunk, and suggest ground in 
 the lower part of the space. These two drawings 
 can be placed on page 5. More than one lesson 
 will be needed for this exercise. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To color a sketch 
 from the pose. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 very simply, in pencil, the main lines of a pose. 
 Color the sketch, working directly from the pose. 
 Lay the color on flat, depending on the sketch for 
 the expression of form. See Plate VII for general 
 idea and General Directions, page xiv, for flat 
 treatment of color. 
 
 77 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange a pose 
 ill a composition. To apply a color scheme to the 
 composition. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, on page 8 of the drawing book, 
 a composition from the pose in an oblong space. 
 Color the composition in tones of brown or of 
 gray, or in some pleasing color scheme. Tones of 
 gray, or of brown, with a touch of red make a good 
 scheme. Good color schemes for this work are 
 found in Bradley posters. Schemes of brown with 
 a touch of red are found in Gothic ornament. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrancre a 
 st7idy of ho7ise-tops or of towers in a pleasing com- 
 position. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, on one of the blank pages of 
 the drawing book, a composition of house-tops 
 or towers as seen from the windows. Color the 
 composition to represent evening, with violet-gray 
 house-tops as a mass against the yellow glow of the 
 
 78 
 
Plate XIV 
 
 I 
 
SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 sunset sky. If preferred, a composition may be 
 made from flowers or from branches of nuts. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study masses 
 of U gilt and dark in a composition. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 Hghtly, in pencil, on page 9, a composition of 
 towers or of house-tops. Color the composition in 
 gray, black and white. Lead the pupils to arrange 
 the masses of light and dark so as to produce an 
 agreeable effect. Both gray and black can be 
 made from the three colors. See page x of General 
 Directions for making gray and black, and Plate 
 XV, Fig. 5, for treatment in gray, black and white. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a prac- 
 tical study of color harmony in historic ornament. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint in 
 historic color an Egyptian border or figure, already 
 drawn in outline on page 1 1 of the drawing-book. 
 The correct color scheme will be found in the 
 Prang Examples of Historic Ornament, Egyptian 
 Set. 
 
 79 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To tcse historic 
 ornament as a motive in orio'inal desic^n. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 design for a portfolio already sketched on page 12. 
 The motive of the design is the Egyptian lotus 
 form. The portfolio may be appropriately colored 
 in two tones of pale blue-green. If preferred, the 
 lotus form at the left of the page may be enlarged 
 and colored. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To copy color and 
 form, in historic ornament. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 copy of one of the Greek figures on page 13 of 
 the drawing book. The figure should be sketched 
 in previous to this exercise. It may be painted 
 gold on a blue ground or black on a dull red 
 ground. 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color as a 
 convention in a working drawing. 
 
 80 
 
SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Tint two 
 views of a piece of molding, already drawn on page 
 14 of the drawing book. The tint should be the 
 conventional color for wood used in architectural 
 drawing. This color is pale, dull orange, about the 
 color of oak. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To v.se historic 
 color ill ail original design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 simple surface design already sketched on one of 
 the blank pages of the drawing book. See Plate 
 XX of the Sixth Year Manual for suggestions. 
 Use an Egyptian color scheme — the background 
 dull yellow, the figures dull red, blue and green. 
 Keep the colors delicate. See General Directions, 
 page xii, for applying color schemes. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use a color 
 scheme in the treatment of a composition from tJie 
 pose. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch a 
 pose composition lightly with the pencil. For 
 instance a study of Joan of Arc may be made, using 
 magazine and other illustrations or Boutet de 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Monvel's Joan of Arc, for the study of costume. 
 Paint this study in some simple color scheme, — for 
 example, a scheme taken from the Prang Examples 
 of Historic Ornament, Egyptian Set. This study 
 can be made on one of the blank pages of the 
 drawing book. 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and. form in objects. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from groups of two pieces of pottery or 
 of glass. The groups should be arranged among 
 the desks where they can readily be seen. Each 
 group should be an agreeable color study. Paint 
 both color and form as they appear. Work with 
 brushes full of color. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange a 
 mass of color agreeably in a given space. To study 
 color values in a compositor' 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, an arrangement of a simple 
 
 82 
 
SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 group of pottery in an oblong space, on page 19 
 (page 3, single edition) of the drawing book. 
 Paint the group in simple flat color. Indicate the 
 plane on which the group rests by a simple wash 
 of color which harmonizes with the color of the 
 group. If preferred, the composition may be 
 painted in tones of gray. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 and for VI in G^xck pottery. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Study the 
 Greek vase forms on page 22 (page 6, single 
 edition). Sketch one of the forms. Color the sketch 
 in dull red and black. The red can be found in 
 the Prang Examples of Historic Ornament, Greek 
 Set. 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 and form in Greek pottery. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 Greek vase already drawn on page 22 (page 6, 
 single edition) of the drawing book, using the 
 same scheme as in the preceding exercise. 
 
 83 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To color an 
 origin al p ottcry design . 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 design for a saucer previously sketched on one 
 of the blank pages. A saucer design is a top 
 view of the saucer. A border of the Greek leaf 
 pattern around the edge of the saucer will make a 
 pleasing design. The design may be colored by 
 laying a very pale wash of dull red over the sur- 
 face, outside of the depression for the cup, and 
 painting the border a darker tone of dull red. The 
 border may be outlined in dark red or black. For 
 general idea of design for pottery, see Plate XII, 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To sfndy color 
 iiarmony in liistoric ornanicnf. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 Greek border or tile already drawn on page 23 
 (page 7, single edition). The colors for these may 
 be found in the Prang Examples of Historic 
 Ornament, Greek Set. 
 
 84 
 

 Plate XV. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ' \ 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 r ; e . 4 
 
 , -i?'- 
 
 
 ■■1 
 
 X^Hj 
 
 w 
 
 iblJ^ 
 
 [■':'■ ■ '■. 
 
 ^mm^ 
 
 
 
 , -ip 
 
 '"*"■■■'■■""■"■"'■' 
 
 r ; B . J 
 
SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 Outline for the Month of April. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color as 
 a convention in a surface development. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Tint 
 the surface development already drawn on page 
 25 (page 9, single edition) of the drawing-book. 
 The pattern may be tinted neutral gray or a 
 brownish-yellow. See General Directions, page 
 X, for making gray and page xv for the use of 
 color as a convention. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color in plant life. To abstract a color 
 scJicme from plant life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from opening tree-buds, catkins, or spring 
 flowers on one of the blank pages. Let the pu- 
 pils register, at one side of the page, as a color 
 scheme, the colors of leaves and branches or of 
 flowers and foliage. See Plate XIV for register- 
 ing a color scheme. If preferred, sketch and 
 paint an arrangement of a flower in a vase in an 
 
 85 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 oblong space. See Plate XII of the Sixth Year 
 Manual for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a 
 pleasing arrangcmaU of color masses in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, on one of the blank pages, an 
 arrangement of flowers in a horizontal ellipse. 
 Paint the arrangement in natural colors, keeping 
 them, however, quite flat. Outline the ellipse 
 with a brush-line of green or of brown. See 
 General Directions, Fig. 8, for drawing lines. 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a 
 pleasing arrangement of color masses in space. 
 To -use a color scheme. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly on page 28 (page 12, single edition) of the 
 drawing-book a pleasing arrangement of spring 
 flowers in an oblong space. Color this arrange- 
 ment in gray and black with a touch of red. Or 
 the arrangement may be painted in natural 
 
 86 
 
SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 colors. If preferred, a flower may be painted di- 
 rectly on page 28. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. Tomakeaunii 
 of design. To work out a color scheme. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 an arrangement of spring flowers in a vertical 
 oblong about one and one-half by four and one- 
 half inches. This oblong can be placed in the 
 lower left corner of page 29 (page 13, single edi- 
 tion). Color this arrangement with a modifica- 
 tion of the colors of the flower from which the 
 arrangement was made, thus working out a 
 scheme of color. A background may be used if 
 desired. See Plate XIV for suggestions. See 
 also General Directions, pages viii and xii for 
 modification of color and making color schemes. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a sur- 
 face design by repeating a tniit. To apply a color 
 scheme. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a design already traced on page 29 (page 13, 
 single edition). This design is made by repeat- 
 
 87 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 ing the unit of the preceding exercise over a 
 surface laid out at the right of the page. Use 
 the color scheme worked out in the preceding 
 exercise. See Plate XVI for color. See Plate 
 XIX of the Sixth Year Manual for surface 
 designs. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and mass in tree forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 from trees seen from the window or previously 
 studied in parks or fields. Try to express the 
 mass simply, but with a varied effect of color. 
 This exercise may be done on one of the blank 
 pages of the drawing-book. See Plate XI for 
 suggestions. See also General Directions, page 
 xi. Blotted Washes, for suggestions for varied 
 color. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange tree 
 forms in a. landscape composition. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 an arrangement of two or three trees in an ob- 
 
 88 
 
SIXTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 long space. Indicate the foreground, breaking 
 it with a path. Paint the composition in the 
 fresh greens of spring. See Plate XV for sug- 
 gestions. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make and 
 color a landscape composition. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 and color a simple landscape composition on 
 page 30 (page 14, single edition). See page 48 
 of the Sixth Year Manual for suggestions for the 
 landscape. 
 
 89 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 SEVENTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outht for Year's Work. — The Prang Elementary Course in 
 Art Instruction, Book for Seventh Year, or (single edition) 
 Books 9 and lo. Teachers' Manual for the Seventh Year. 
 Prang Water Colors, Set No. i. 
 
 Color Standards. — Scales of five tones of the six broken 
 colors and neutral gra^■. The Prang Examples of Historic 
 Ornament, Byzantine and Romanescue Sets. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make broken 
 colors and ncntral gray wii/i red, yellou, and blue. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Modify 
 red with a sufficient quantity of blue and yellow 
 to produce a broken red or red-gray. Make 
 broken yellow in a similar way by adding blue 
 and red, and broken blue by adding red and yel- 
 low. Make broken orange, green, and violet. 
 These latter three broken colors are produced 
 by adding the third color, — adding red to green 
 to make broken green, etc. This exercise may 
 be recorded on the first blank page of the draw- 
 ing-book. See Plate II, Fig. 2, for recording 
 color. See also General Directions, page vii, for 
 broken colors. 
 
 90 
 
Plate XVI 
 
SEVENTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 (In the single edition of the Prang Elementary Course in 
 Art Instruction there are four blank pages in each book.) 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE To observe and 
 express color in plant forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 
 directly from sprays of autumn flowers, or from 
 branches of fruit, berries, etc. See Plate VI and 
 General Directions, page xiv, for direct work. 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange 
 masses of color in a given space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, an arrangement of flowers or 
 of autumn leaves in a square or an oblong space 
 on page 3 of the drawing-book. Paint the ar- 
 rangement, keeping the color very simple — that 
 is, practically flat. See Plate XIV for general 
 ideas of composition and General Directions, 
 page XV, for flat treatment in color. 
 
 91 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 cx^frcss iJiass and color in tree forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 
 on page 5 trees seen from the window or studied 
 in parks or fields. Paint the mass of the trees as 
 seen, using plenty of rich color. See Plate XI 
 and General Directions, page vii. 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange tree 
 
 masses ai^recably in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, in pencil, an arrangement of two or three 
 trees in a square or an oblong space, using page 
 9 of the drawing-book. See examples of trees in 
 groups on page 4 of the same book. Paint this 
 composition in autumn colors. See Plate XV, 
 Fig. 4, for ideas of composition. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color, action, and form in a study from 
 
 tiie pose. 
 
 92 
 
SEVENTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, the main lines of a pose. A 
 girl in a colonial costume makes a good subject. 
 Paint the sketch in flat color. The pencil out- 
 line aids in expressing the action and life of the 
 figure, and the color expresses the mass. By 
 combining pencil and color in this exercise, good 
 drawing, without detail, and fresh color may both 
 be secured. See Plate VII for general idea of 
 the use of both drawing and color in the pose. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE Tc study color 
 
 harmony iii historic ornament. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 in historic color a Byzantine rosette previously 
 drawn on page 12 of the drawing-book. The 
 color scheme may be found in the Prang Ex- 
 amples of Historic Ornament, Byzantine Set. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. 7o study color 
 harmony in historic ornament. 
 
 93 
 
COURSE OF STUDT FOR THE 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 in historic color a Byzantine border previously- 
 drawn on page 13. 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To 7isc av. his- 
 toric color scheme in a simple exercise in space rela- 
 tions. ■ 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch, 
 with pencil, a simple line division of space on one 
 of the blank pages of the drawing-book. Let the 
 space be that of a border, and let the division be 
 that of the stripes of a " Roman scarf." Paint 
 this arrangement in a Byzantine color scheme. 
 See the Prang Examples of Historic Ornament, 
 Byzantine Set, for a good scheme. Or this color 
 scheme can be applied to a very simple surface 
 design if desired. Examples of such designs 
 will be found on Plate IV of the Seventh Year 
 Manual. If preferred, a simple arrangement of 
 mistletoe or holly in an oblong space may be 
 painted on this page. 
 
 94 
 
SEVENTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use an his- 
 toric color scheme in an- original design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 book-cover design already sketched on page 14 
 of the drawing-book. The motive for the design 
 may be taken from one of the examples on page 
 14. A very simple Egyptian color scheme may 
 be used for the design. See the Prang Exam- 
 ples of Historic Ornament, Egyptian Set, for a 
 color scheme. Or the design may be done in 
 two tones of blue-green. See Plate XIII. If 
 preferred, one of the examples at the left of the 
 page may be copied and colored. 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To arrange 
 masses of color agreeably in a space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, an arrangement of a flower 
 in a vase or a potted plant in an oblong space. 
 Paint the arrangement, keeping the color very 
 simple — that is, practically flat. See General 
 
 95 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Directions, page xv, for suggestions for the flat 
 treatment of color. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To 7ise color in 
 an original design for a vase. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 design for a vase form or a pitcher already drawn 
 on one of the blank pages of the drawing-book. 
 See the Seventh Year Manual, pages 55 and 152, 
 for suggestion for vases and pitchers. The de- 
 sign may be colored in two tones of dull red, 
 of green, or of orange. For general ideas of pot- 
 tery design, see Plate XII. 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 
 express color and form in od/ecls. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from a group of two pieces of pottery on 
 page 19 (page 3, single edition) of the drawing- 
 book. A good number of groups should be 
 arranged on the desks for this exercise. The 
 groups should be harmonious in color. Work 
 
 96 
 
Plate XVII. 
 
 — AN-- 
 
 EXHIBITION 
 
 OF BIRDS 
 
SEVENTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 rapidly, with brushes full of color, and without 
 retouching. Retouching destroys the brilliancy 
 of color necessary to produce the effect of pottery. 
 See Plate X for treatment of pottery and General 
 Directions, page xiv, for direct work. A com- 
 position of the group in an oblong space may 
 be made if preferred. It should be sketched 
 in before painting. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use a color 
 sc/iciiie ill ail original design. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a simple design for a lamp-shade or for a bowl 
 previously drawn on one of the blank pages of 
 the drawing-book. On page 56 of the Seventh 
 Year Manual will be found a lamp-shade in side 
 view. A bowl design is generally a side view 
 of the bowl. Either design may be ornamented 
 with a border of leaves or of flowers, and either 
 may be colored in tones of broken orange 
 (orange-gray) or of broken green (green-gray). 
 Refer to the color standards in paper for the 
 hues. The bowl should be more delicately col- 
 ored than the lamp-shade. See Plate XII for a 
 design for a bowl. 
 
 97 
 
COURSE OF SrUDT FOR THE 
 
 If preferred, an animal may be sketched and 
 colored on page 21 (page 5, single edition). See 
 Plate VIII for the study of animals. 
 
 Outline for the Month of April. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 harmony in historic ornament. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a Romanesque tile already drawn on page 22 
 (page 6, single edition). See the Prang Ex- 
 amples of Historic Ornament, Romanesque Set, 
 for color schemes. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color as 
 a convoition in a surface development. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Tint 
 a surface development already drawn on page 25 
 (page 9, single edition). Use a neutral gray or 
 brownish-yellow wash for the tint. See General 
 Directions, page x, for making gray and page xv 
 for the use of color as a convention. 
 
 98 
 
SEVENTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe color 
 and form in plant life. To make an agreeable 
 arrangement of color masses in space. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, in pencil, an arrangement of flowers in a 
 space on page 28 (page 1 2, single edition) of the 
 drawing-book. Paint the arrangement in natural 
 colors, keeping the color very simple. Register 
 the color scheme of blossom, leaf, and branch, 
 then modify the natural colors, producing such a 
 scheme as would make an agreeable combination 
 in a surface design. The modification should 
 convert the natural into broken colors, as in the 
 first exercise of the year (September). See Plate 
 XIV for suggestions. See also General Direc- 
 tions, pages vii and xii, for broken colors and for 
 color schemes. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use in an 
 original design a color scheme taken from plant 
 life. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 
 99 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 design for a border or a surface design already 
 drawn on page 29 (page 13, single edition). The 
 motive of either design should be a spring 
 flower, and the color scheme should be abstracted 
 from the natural colors of the flower as described 
 in the preceding exercise. See Plates V and 
 XVI for the general idea. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 
 expj'css color in free fonns. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from trees or groups of trees on one of 
 the blank pages of the drawing-book. The trees 
 selected should have full masses of foliage. See 
 the Seventh Year Manual, page 108, for a sug- 
 gestive group of trees. See Plate XI for gen- 
 eral idea of work. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To paint a 
 landscape composition. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 a landscape composition on page 30 (page 14, 
 
 100 
 
SEVENTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 single edition). See the Seventh Year Manual, 
 Plate XXII and page 266, for suggestions. Let 
 the pupils paint the landscape in the bright colors 
 of June. See Plate XV for suggestive composi- 
 tions. 
 
 lOI 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 EIGHTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Outline for Year's Work. — The Prang Elementary Course in 
 Art Instruction, Book for Eighth Year, or (single edition) 
 Books II and 12. Teachers' Manual for Eighth Year. 
 The Prang Water Colors, Set No. i . 
 
 Coior Standards. — The Prang Examples of' Historic Orn 
 ment, Moorish and Renaissance Sets. 
 
 Outline for the Month of September. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To find color 
 sc/iemes in Jiaiare. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 the sunset sky from memory — a yellow sunset, a 
 crimson sunset, etc. — using one of the blank 
 pages of the drawing-book. If preferred, a color 
 scheme may be taken from an autumn flower, as 
 the coreopsis, cosmos, etc. See General Direc- 
 tions, page xii, for work on color schemes. 
 
 (In the single edition of the Prang Elementary Course in 
 Art Instruction there are four blank pages in each book.) 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To obscri'c and 
 express color auil form in plant life. 
 
 102 
 
m. ^. LiT-rt c^. 
 
EIGHTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from autumn flowers — goldenrod, aster, 
 etc. — or from autumn leaves on one of the blank 
 pages of the drawing-book. Work rapidly, with 
 brushes full of color, and try to express the ap- 
 pearance of the flower. See Plate VI, and Gen- 
 eral Directions, page xiv, for direct work. 
 
 Outline for the Month of October. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a pleas- 
 ing arrangement of masses of color in space. 
 
 SUGGESTION FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, in pencil, on page 3 an arrangement of 
 autumn leaves or flowers in an oblong space. 
 Paint the arrangement, keeping the color simple, 
 — that is, practically flat. See Plate XIV for 
 general idea. See General Directions, page xiv. 
 Studied Pictorial Work, for suggestions. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To stiidy masses 
 of color in tree forms. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from trees seen from the window or from 
 
 103 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 studies of trees made in the parks or fields. 
 The trees may be single or grouped. Sketch an 
 arrangement of a group of trees in an oblong 
 space, and paint the arrangement. These lessons 
 can be done directly on page 5. See Plates 
 XI and XV for suggestions. 
 
 Outline for the Month of November. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color 
 imaginatively , from memory or from natiire. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a composition of towers in an oblong space, al- 
 ready drawn on page 7 of the drawing-book. 
 The composition may be colored in a sunset 
 scheme, either from imagination or from mem- 
 ory. If preferred, the color scheme seen from 
 the window at the time of the exercise may be 
 used instead. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make a com- 
 position from a pose. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, with pencil, on page 8 of the drawing- 
 
 104 
 
EIGHTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 book, the main lines of a composition from a 
 pose. The figure may be sitting or standing 
 and dressed in a colonial costume or simply in 
 bright colors. Color the figure. 
 
 Outline for the Month of December. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXEPXISE. To shidy color 
 harmony in Jiistoric ornameni. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 Moorish figure, surface pattern, tile, or border 
 in historic color. See the Prang Examples of 
 Historic Ornament, Moorish Set, for correct 
 color schemes. Either of these may be placed 
 on page lo or page ii of the drawing-book. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To apply an his- 
 toric color scheme to an original design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 a design for a tile already sketched on one of 
 the blank pages of the drawing-book, using a 
 Moorish color scheme. See the Prang Examples 
 of Historic Ornament, Moorish Set, for color 
 
 105 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 schemes. If preferred, a simple book-cover de- 
 sign may be colored in a Moorish scheme, — or 
 a book-cover design may be made, appropriate to 
 Christmas. 
 
 Outline for the Month of January. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To study color 
 liarnwny in Instoric oriiauienL 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 in historic color a Gothic border already sketched 
 on page 1 3 of the drawing-book. See the Prang 
 Examples of Historic Ornament, Gothic Set, for 
 a siood color scheme. 
 
 o 
 
 Exercise II. 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use historic 
 color in an original design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color 
 designs for capital letters already drawn on one 
 of the blank pages of the drawing-book, using a 
 Gothic scheme of dark red, brown, and black. 
 If the letters are large and simple, with a back- 
 ground effect of fruit or large flowers, this can be 
 
 106 
 
EIGHTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 made very effective. See the Prang Examples 
 of Historic Ornament for good color schemes. 
 Good schemes can also be found in the best 
 posters — those of Bradley and Nicholson, for in- 
 stance. See Plate XVI for capital letters. If 
 preferred, a design for a jardiniere may be drawn 
 and colored instead of the above, or a design may 
 be made for a plate, with a Gothic border around 
 the rim. See Plate XII for pottery designs. 
 
 Outline for the Month of February. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE C?F EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in objects. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from a group of pottery on page 19 
 (page 3, single edition) of the drawing-book. 
 Paint rapidly, with the brushes full of color, ex- 
 pressing the appearance of the object both as to 
 color and form. See Plate X for ideas of direct 
 work from pottery. See also General Directions, 
 page xiv, for direct work. 
 
 107 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF P:XERCISE. To arrange 
 large masses of color in space relations. To study 
 color valu&s in a composition. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 lightly, in pencil, a group of pottery in an oblong 
 space on page 20 (page 3, single edition). Paint 
 the objects in the composition in flat colors, and 
 add a suggestion of the plane on which they rest. 
 This last should be of such a color as will har- 
 monize with the group, and of such color value 
 as will accord with the other values used in the 
 composition. 
 
 Outline for the Month of March. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and 
 express color and form in animal Hi'. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Paint 
 directly from birds — the parrot, canary, pigeon, 
 etc. — on one of the blank pages of the drawing- 
 book. 
 
 108 
 
EIGHTH TEAR IN. SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make an 
 agreeable arrangement of birds in space. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 an arrangement of birds in an oblong or a square 
 space on page 21 (page 5, single edition). Paint 
 the sketch, keeping the color simple. See Plate 
 XVII for the general idea of birds in space rela- 
 tions. A poster may be made from this com- 
 position, if desired. 
 
 Outline for the Month of April, 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color as 
 a convention, in a zuorking drawing. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Tint a 
 floor plan already drawn on page 26 (page 9, 
 single edition) of the drawing-book. Color the 
 parts indicating wood a warm, dull brown, the 
 parts indicating brick a dull red, and the parts 
 indicating stone gray. See General Directions, 
 page XV, for the use of color as a convention. 
 
 109 
 
COURSE OF STUDY FOR THE 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To 7tse color as 
 a convention in a siirfac: development. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Tint a 
 surface development already drawn on page 26 
 (page 10, single edition). The tint should be a 
 neutral gray or pale, dull yellow. See General 
 Directions, page x, for making gray. 
 
 Outline for the Month of May. 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To observe and. 
 express color in plant life, and to derive from it a 
 color schejuc. To arrojige plajit forms in space. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 a flower in an oblong or in some other geometric 
 shape on page 28 (page 12, single edition) of the 
 drawing-book. Modify the natural colors of the 
 flower and make a decorative color scheme. 
 Color the arrangement according to the resulting 
 scheme. This arrangement in space may be 
 used as a unit in the surface design on the follow- 
 ing page. For general idea see Plate XIV, 
 
 no 
 
EIGHTH TEAR IN SCHOOL. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To apply a color 
 scheme in and original design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 surface design already sketched on page 29 (page 
 13, single edition). This design can be made by 
 repeating the unit from the preceding page, 
 drawn on a smaller scale. Color the design ac- 
 cording to the scheme of the unit on page 28. 
 See Plate XVI for a design and for ideas of ap- 
 plying a color scheme. 
 
 Outline for the Month of June. 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To use color in 
 constructive design. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Color a 
 design for a chair to indicate the materials from 
 which it is to be made. This design may be 
 drawn on one of the blank pages of the drawing- 
 book. If preferred, a vase design may be drawn 
 and colored on page 27 (page 11, single edition). 
 
 1 1 1 
 
COURSE OF ST U D7\ 
 
 Exercise II. , 
 
 PURPOSE OF EXERCISE. To make and 
 color a /ana'scafie comfjosilion. 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR EXERCISE. Sketch 
 a landscape composition on page 30 (page 14, 
 single edition). Paint the landscape as a spring 
 scene or color it in some interesting scheme. If 
 the latter coloring is used, it produces a decora- 
 tive design. Such a treatment of a landscape 
 can be used in a book-cover design, a poster, 
 etc. See Nicholson or Bradley posters for rich 
 color schemes for such work. See Plate XVIII 
 for landscape and Plate XVII for poster treat- 
 ment. 
 
 112