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 Life tables, founded upon the discovery 
 
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LIFE TABLES, 
 
 FOUNDED UPON 
 
 THE DISCOVERY 
 
 A NUMERICAL LAW 
 
 REGULATING THE 
 
 EXISTENCE OF EVERY HUMAN BEING: 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY 
 
 A NEW THEORY 
 
 CAUSES PRODUCING HEALTH AND LONGEVITY. 
 
 By T. R. EDMONDS, B.A. 
 
 LATE OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE : 
 
 AUTHOR OF 
 
 PRACTICAL MORAL AND POLITICAL ECONOMY." 
 
 LONDON: ^ 
 
 PRINTED FOR 
 
 JAMES DUNCAN 37, PATERNOSTER ROW; 
 AND MAY BE HAD OF THE AUTHOR, 
 
 45, SOUTHAMPTON ROW, KtTSSELL SQUARE. 
 
 M.DCCC.XXXII. 
 
 E-V. 
 
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The foundation of the science of Life Measurement rests upon the 
 observed relation of Dying to Living, in given intervals of age. In 
 constructing a Tahle of Mortality, the ordinary problem for solution 
 IS, — given, this relation for large intervals of age; required, to deduce 
 and interpolate the relation of Dying to Living, corresponding to small 
 intervals of age. In all Tallies which have hitherto been published, 
 this relation for annual intervals is continually varying. Now it is 
 manifest, that the same principles which have led to the conclusion, 
 that the variation is continued and annual, must lead to the conclusion, 
 that the variation is monthly, and also to the conclusion, that the varia- 
 tion is diurnal, and even momental. It may be assumed, therefore, that 
 all Tables of Mortality represent the relation of Dying to Living as 
 changing continuously, — that this relation is never the same for any 
 two successive instants of age. I have used the term "force of mor- 
 tality," to denote this relation at any definite moment of age. It would 
 evidently be improper to use this term to express the relation of Dying 
 to Living in yearly intervals of age ; for the force of mortality at the 
 beginning, at the middle, and at the end of any year of age, are all 
 different. 
 
 During" the succession of years and moments, measured from the 
 birth of any individual, the continuous change in the force of mortality 
 is subject to a very simple law, being that of geometric proportion. 
 But the same geometric progression is not observed from birth to the 
 ead of life. Instead of one, there are three distinct orders of pro- 
 gression, corresponding to three remarkable periods of animal life. The 
 force of mortality at all ages is expressible, — by the terms of three con- 
 secutive geometric series, so connected, that the last term of one series 
 is the first of the succeeding .defies ; — or by the ordinates of three con- 
 tiguous segments of three logarithmic curves. The common ratios of 
 the three geometric series (or the constants of the curves) appear to be 
 
 b 
 
VI 
 
 fixed and immutable, for all human life in all ages of the world. These 
 three constants, now first discovered, correspond to the three grand 
 divisions of life, — Infancy, Manhood (or Florescence), and Old Age. 
 For regulating the continuous change in the force of mortality, Nature 
 uses one constant for Infancy, another for Manhood, and a third for Old 
 Age. The constant of Infancy confirms life, or indicates a continued 
 diminution of the force of mortality; the constants of Manhood and 
 Old Age indicate decay of life, or a continued increase in the force of 
 mortality; but the decay of life is much more rapid in the period 
 of Old Age than in the period of Manhood. Calling the three con- 
 stants pi, ps, ps, the following are their numerical values, which indicate 
 the rate of increase or decrease of the force of mortality, in a given time, 
 assumed to be one year. 
 
 
 In Numbers. 
 
 In Logarithms. 
 
 Period over which Constant presides. 
 
 Pi 
 
 P2 
 
 Ps 
 
 •6760830 
 1-0299117 
 1-0796923 
 
 — -1700 
 + •0128 
 + ^0333 
 
 Infancy (from birth to 8 years of age). 
 Manhood (from 12 to 55 years of age). 
 Old Age (from 55 to end of life). 
 
 The above constants of Manhood and Old Age are to be regarded 
 as much nearer approximations to the truth than the constant of 
 Infancy, by reason of the comparative shortness of the period of In- 
 fancy, in conjunction with the imperfections of all records of mortality. 
 The existence of the above three remarkable periods of human mortality 
 was long ago pointed out by Dr. Price ; but he does not appear to have 
 imagined that the marked distinction was expressible in numbers. 
 There may exist a very small fourth period, between Infancy and Man- 
 hood, where the force of mortality is stationary and at its minimum. 
 My assumption of the existence of this period, whether true or false, 
 can be of little or no practical consequence. 
 
 If Nature had immovably fixed the limits of the three periods of 
 Infancy, Manhood, and Old Age, the theory would be complete and 
 simple. Such, however, is not the case, either in different populations, 
 or in the same population at different times. An attentive examination 
 has impressed on my mind the belief, that the durations of the Infancy 
 and Manhood periods simultaneously increase or decrease. The defec- 
 tive existing materials may serve to establish this fact, although they 
 do not lead to the knowledge of the precise change in Manhood due to 
 
Vll 
 
 a given change in Infancy. I am inclined to the opinion, that an 
 increase of one year in the duration of Infancy demands, under ordi- 
 nary circumstances, an increase of seven y^ars in the duration of Man- 
 hood ; under extraordinary circumstances, I believe that the diminution 
 of either stage may be accompanied by the prolongation of the other. 
 In all the best Tables, the limit of the Infancy period appears to be at 
 the age oi nine years, within half a year more or less; and the limit 
 of the period of Manhood at the age o^ fifty -five, within seven years, 
 more or less. 
 
 The knowledge of the cause producing this change in the position 
 of the limits is manifestly of very great importance, in the prediction of 
 future mortality from the past. This cause is identical with that which 
 hastens or retards the maturity of any animal : the simultaneous dimi- 
 nution of the stages of Infancy and Manhood is nothing more than the 
 shortening of the circuit from birth to death. The cause, or the ante- 
 cedents to change in the limits, will be found, most probably, to consist 
 of variations in food, in labour, or in lodging (temperature). An abun- 
 dant and nutritious diet, with continued repose in a pleasing tempera- 
 ture, contracts the stages of Infancy and Manhood ; whilst scanty and 
 coarse food, or hard labour, or great exposure to cold or heat, increase 
 the length of the two stages, by increasing the difficulties of travelling. 
 The proposition may be better expressed thus; — Saturation accelerates, 
 and Privation retards, Maturescence. 
 
 This opinion is supported by the observations on Human Mortality, 
 hitherto recorded, or appears to be so. But this support is, for the most 
 part, indirect; for the larger portion of these observations have been 
 made on general populations, or the representatives of various degrees 
 of Privation. These shew the limits of the stages of Infancy and Man- 
 hood to recede as privation diminishes. The only valuable and satisfactory 
 observations on the representatives oi Saturation are those of Deparcieux, 
 on a great extent of French monks and nuns ; and they all confirm the 
 theory, by the exhibition of the earliest known advent of the period of 
 Old Age (at forty-eight years). If the period of Infancy had been 
 observed, the corresponding limit would probably have been found very 
 near seven and a half or eight years of age. The unsatisfactory obser- 
 vations made on English and on French Government Annuitants lend 
 their support (whatever it may be worth) to tlie theory. 
 
 In the Table of Mean Mortality for England, I have assumed the 
 termination of the Infancy stage to be at the age of eight years, and 
 the termination of the period of Manhood to be at the age oi fifty-five. 
 
VUl 
 
 In the selection of these limits, I have been influenced more by autho- 
 rities established in popular estimation than by my individual opinion. 
 The termination of the Infancy stage being a matter of little practical 
 importance, I have trusted to the guidance of my theory alone in the 
 fixing upon the age of eight years. I have an additional support for 
 selecting so early an age, in the commonly entertained opinion, that the 
 mortality of English infants has been diminished moi-e than that of 
 the rest of the population. Such diminution can be accounted for only 
 by the retrocession of the limit of Infancy. The mortality of infants is 
 a matter of very little moment to any European population, with respect 
 either to money or to population. The number of infants is not more 
 than half so great as it might be ; and the existing supply is not regu- 
 lated in the slightest degree by any imagined future relation of food to 
 surviving adults. 
 
 The termination of the Manhood period is a point of considerable 
 practical importance ; and I could not select an earlier age than fifty- 
 five, without abandoning the support of all Tables of value in the public 
 estimation. In the Northampton Table, this period terminates at 
 sixty-two ; in the Carlisle Observations, at fifty-seven years of age. 
 My disinclination to adopt the age of fifty-five has been diminished by 
 the expectation, that, in an improved state of society, this limit will be 
 again attained, and even exceeded. Hitherto, the stages of Infancy and 
 Manhood have never been increased, except in connexion with an in- 
 crease of mortality. Presently, I intend to shew how these stages mav 
 be increased, and the mortality at the same time be diminished. The 
 hopes of indefinite prolongation of the term of human life have now 
 ceased to be visionary. The limiting age of Manhood is variable for 
 different classes of the population. In England, I would place it, for a 
 city population, at fifty-five; for the general population, at fifty-two; 
 and for the monied population, at forty-nine years of age. Those who 
 have belonged to the monied class for some generations, and those who 
 have recently entered it from the labouring class, will probably have 
 different limits of the Life stages. 
 
 The following are the limits of the three periods in the five accom- 
 panying Tables of Mortality. In the two Tables of Mean and City 
 Mortality, the Infancy period terminates at eight years of age ; and the 
 Manhood period commences at twelve and terminates at fifty-five, where 
 the Old Age period- commences. In the Carlisle, or Village Table, 
 these limits are nine, ten, and fifty-five. In the corrected Northampton 
 and Stockholm Tables, they are nine, twelve, and sixty-two. In all 
 
IX 
 
 these Tables the force of mortality is made stationary for the short 
 period between Infancy and Manhood : but, in the Village Table, the 
 force immediately after' ten differs slightly from the stationary force 
 immediately before. The difference is accidental, the two portions of 
 the Table, before and after the age of ten, having been constructed 
 independently of each other. 
 
 In forming a Table of Mortality, the essential point to be sought for 
 and ascertained is, the minimum rate of mortality, and the portion of 
 age to which it is applied. When this is known, the force at every 
 other age may be found by the help of the three constants : and knowing 
 the force of mortality, the numbers remaining alive at yearly intervals 
 may be deduced, which is the Table of Mortality required. A slight 
 degree of uncertainty would remain as to the exact time at which the 
 Old Age period commences ; because the increase in the duration of 
 Manhood, due to a given increase in the duration of Infancy, is not yet 
 precisely ascertained. As the basis of my chief Table, I have selected 
 a minimum rate of one death in a year out of one hundred and sixty 
 living. This number coincides very nearly with the minimum rate of 
 the Swedish population for fifty years, with the minimum rate of the 
 Glasgow population, and with the minimum rate of French monks and 
 nuns, for a very long space of time. Moreover, this base gives a gross 
 mortality between the ages of twenty and fifty, little differing from that 
 reported to have existed upon a great extent of English and French 
 Government Annuitants. The following are the minimum rates in 
 the five Tables:— Village, -005; Mean, -00636431; City, -00795539; 
 Northampton, -009 ; Stockholm, -0127286. (These numbers represent- 
 ing the quantity of death in one year from a unit of life.) The annual 
 rates at birth in the same five Tables are, -1612228, -1457979, 
 -1822474, -3049598, -4313017. 
 
 I have assumed the Carlisle Table to represent Village Mortality, 
 because it is a truth universally admitted, that the mortality in villages 
 is (in general) less than in towns, or in the country at large; and 
 because the Carlisle Observations express the lowest mortality ever 
 recorded and detailed with accuracy. The Carlisle Observations of 
 Dr. Heysham are not to be regarded as offering any novelty, for they 
 express no general fact which was not expressed long before their 
 existence. Every modern writer on the subject has admitted the exist- 
 ence of & partial rate of mortality even lower than that stated to have 
 once existed in the town of Carlisle ; but Mr. Milne is the first and 
 
X 
 
 only well-qualified person who has ventured to recommend such a low 
 rate as a national standard. 
 
 That the Carlisle Table was ever a good measure of the mortality of 
 the English population in general, no sufficient proof has been, or can 
 be, adduced. And the establishment of such a fact would be of no 
 value, until a chain of connexion has been drawn between the past and 
 future, which has not been hitherto attempted. If the Carlisle rate has 
 been the general rate, the suddenness of change is inconsistent with 
 permanency. Under the ordinary fluctuations of given circumstances, 
 any temporary decrease in. the rate of mortality is invariably followed 
 by a temporary increase. If the circumstances of the English popu- 
 lation have been permanently changed for the better, the average rate of 
 mortality may not experience any considerable change. In a population 
 not subject to any high degree of privation, ordinary improvements in 
 food and labour may have no other effect than to diminish the fluctua- 
 tions from the average rate of mortality, which remains constant, and 
 approaches very near to that prevailing among those who have belonged 
 to the monied or saturated class for two or three generations. It is by 
 no means improbable, that a high degree of saturation, and a high 
 degree of privation, should be attended with the same minimum rate 
 of mortality. The most favourable state of life is that exposed to 
 alternations (within certain limits) of privation and saturation. A high 
 degree of privation, acting for some generations, purifies a population 
 of its weaker and less valuable members, and leaves only those who 
 possess the seeds of the best and strongest constitutions of body and 
 mind. When this pressure of privation is diminished, the health and 
 strength of succeeding generations will be proportional to the privations 
 previously undergone. After the pressure has diminished to a certain 
 point, and become stationary, the average soundness of the popula- 
 tion will be continually diminishing (by the accession of lives which 
 could not have existed under the previous higher pressure) until the 
 attainment of that lower degree of health, which balances the lower 
 degree of privation. The average rate of mortality under the high and 
 under the lower pressure may be the same. But a very low degree 
 of mortality will certainly prevail over a population in its passage from 
 the former to the latter state. It may be useful, as well as interesting, 
 here to remark, that the chronological scale adopted by Herodotus is 
 perfectly applicable to Europeans of modern times. In every hundred 
 years three generations pass away. The space of time intervening 
 
XI 
 
 between the birth of any existing individual and the birth of his great- 
 grandfather rarely differs in any significant degree from one hundred 
 years. 
 
 The Table of City Mortality expresses what I have been induced 
 to believe is the measure of the mortality existing in the largest 
 English towns or cities. The worst kind of life, or the severest mor- 
 tality, is to be looked for in the poorest class of a city population, and 
 in the highest class of the monied, or non-labouring portion of the com- 
 munity ; the former representing the extreme of privation, and the latter 
 the extreme of saturation. It is not improbable that one Table may 
 represent, with correctness sufficient for any practical purpose, the 
 mortality of each of two classes, so widely differing in their circum- 
 stances. The chief objection to the making of one Table serve two 
 such different purposes, arises from the error made in assuming that 
 the periods of liifancy and Manhood are not shorter in the well-fed 
 than in the ill-fed portion of a community. The City Table represents 
 the greatest rate of mortality ever shewn to exist in any class of monied 
 life. Since the above remarks w^ere committed to the press, I have 
 arrived at the knowledge of the important confirmatory fact, that this 
 Table is a correct representation of the law of mortality to which the 
 English Peerage are subject. 
 
 It may be alleged, in objection to the use of the new Table of Mean 
 Mortality, that it neither is, nor professes to be, the representation of 
 any fact ever having had a specific existence in time, place, and popu- 
 lation ; but this would be no ground for esteeming it of inferior value, 
 compared with either the Northampton or the Carlisle Table. Admitting 
 the Carlisle and Northampton Observations to be perfect, they cannot 
 be of any considerable value, except in combination with other observa- 
 tions, differing in time, place, and people. In all classes of a popula- 
 tion, the mortality is continually varying. Observations of the past 
 lead to no useful result, until a chain of connexion is established 
 between the present, past, and future. To generalise from a single fact 
 is absurd ; and it is an absurdity of this kind into which those people 
 fall, who would apply observations made on one kind of life to all kinds 
 of life. It is perfectly irrational to apply the Northampton or Carlisle 
 Mortality to the present monied class of England, without any regard 
 to the utter dissimilarity of the circumstances. One combination of 
 circumstances may yield the same result as a different combination, but 
 it ought never to be assumed that it would do so. 
 
 The two Tables of Northampton and Carlisle have been presented to 
 
Xll 
 
 the British Public by their respective authors as measures of motiied 
 as well as of general life. But neither Dr. Price, the promulgator of 
 the former Table, nor Mr, Milne, appear to have bestowed much of their 
 attention on the justness of the assumption, that a Table good for 
 labourers must also be good for people v^ho do not labour. They might 
 easily have observed this remarkable distinction, — that the mortality 
 of the labouring class was subject to very great fluctuations, whilst the 
 mortality of the monied class was almost invariable. They would have 
 found it easy to cite numerous instances o{ general mortality as high as 
 one (annual) death in twenty, and as low as one death in sixty ; but 
 they would have found it extremely difficult to cite an instance of 
 monied mortality differing, in any sensible degree, from one in forty. 
 The monied class are continually receiving recruits from the labouring 
 class. Fluctuations in the mortality of the monied class are probably 
 chiefly dependent on variations from the average recruited. 
 
 In the monied class, between the ages of twenty and fifty, there is 
 little ground for believing that the mortality was ever so high as that 
 exhibited in the Northampton Table, or so low as that exhibited in the 
 Carlisle Table. But there is some ground for believing that both the 
 Northampton and Carlisle are true expressions of rates of general 
 mortality existing in England at different times. In this respect, the 
 evidence in favour of the Northampton Table is quite as strong as any 
 which has yet been adduced for the Carlisle Table. The partisans of 
 the latter Table appear to have attached undue weight to the superior 
 accuracy of the narrow extent of observations on which it is founded. 
 For any useful practical purpose, there is no reason for believing the 
 Northampton Table to be a less valuable record than the Carlisle Table ; 
 the slight inaccuracy of adjustment of mortality to each age, in the 
 former Table, would be of no sensible value in practice. It is extremely 
 doubtful whether the principle of construction of the Carlisle Table is at 
 all preferable in practice to that on which the Northampton Table is 
 founded, when it is desired to obtain the rate of mortality prevailing 
 over an extensive district. If the errors in the returns are suspected to 
 be of considerable magnitude, the latter principle is most to be recom- 
 mended. The former principle is decidedly the best for indicating the 
 relative mortality at different ages. The trtith of the Northampton 
 Table is not lightly to be called in question, when it is supported by the 
 name of Dr. Price, although its applicability to the British population 
 of the present day may fairly be questioned. In confirmation of its 
 truth, I have to remark, that it nearly accords with the newly-discovered 
 
Xlll 
 
 law of human mortality. In favour of its applicability, T would observe, 
 that the rate of mortality among English soldiers at home agrees exactly 
 with the Northampton rate for a population between the ages of twenty 
 and fifty. This fact rests upon materials of the most perfect character, 
 whilst the materials used by Mr, Milne, to prove the applicability of 
 the Carlisle Table, are of the most doubtful character. The acknow- 
 ledged inaccuracy of the national returns of Living and Dying is so 
 great, that no safe conclusion can be drawn from them. To those who 
 attach weight to such returns, I would observe, that the same reported 
 facts, which establish the applicability of the Carlisle rate to the 
 English population, also prove, that my new Table of Mean Mortality 
 is a measure of the mortality of the English population in general. 
 The proportion of deaths in infancy is considerably greater, according 
 to the Carlisle Table, than according to my Table of Mean Mortality. 
 
 It is not improbable that the partial adoption of the Carlisle Table, 
 as a measure of monied life, rests entirely upon the assumption, that the 
 class of Life Insurers is a fair sample of the monied class in general. 
 The correctness of this assumption may well be doubted. In every Life 
 Society the rate of mortality greatly depends upon the management. 
 The consequence of ignorance or carelessness in the management is 
 a mortality greater than the average, whilst a combination of illiberality 
 and intelligence will be attended with a mortality less than the average 
 of the class from which the insured are taken. Moreover, there are 
 reasons for believing, that the class of people who are inclined to insure 
 their lives are the best portion of the monied class. The great body 
 of insurers consist of money-making men, of men who are improving, 
 or have improved, their fortunes : and I believe it generally holds true, 
 that the most industrious, money-getting men are of " lower" birth, 
 and, consequently, of better constitutions than the average of the 
 monied class. 
 
 The new Table of Mean Mortality is the result of an extensive 
 comparison of the best observations, in combination with the newly 
 discovered Theory of mortality. Without the aid of this Theory, which 
 shews the connexion existing between the mortality at one age with 
 that at every other age, the comparison would have been of low value. 
 So much depending on the soundness of the Theory, I shall proceed to 
 make some remarks, by which the public may determine the degree of 
 confidence it may be entitled to. In the first place, I would state, 
 generally, that the Theory is best supported by the Tables which have 
 been always acknowledged as founded on the most complete materials ; 
 
XIV 
 
 viz. the observations made on the populations at Carlisle, in Sweden at 
 different times, in French convents at different times, and in Glasgow 
 (by Dr. Cleland). The Tables, founded on insufficient materials, or of 
 questionable authority, most frequently support, and very seldom oppose, 
 the Theory. I know but one Table (which is of this latter kind) which 
 really and manifestly opposes the new Theory ; but this only at a parti- 
 cular portion of age, about twenty-five years in duration. It is that 
 lately published of the mortality of English Government Annuitants. 
 The value of this Table depends, in a great measure, on the truth of the 
 assumption, that " selection" produces no sensible effect ; in other words, 
 that there exist no means of distinguishing a good life from a bad one. 
 My opinion is entirely opposed to such a position; at the same time, I 
 think that the Theory would be found applicable to any class of select life,' 
 provided that the selection were made for all, at one and the same age. 
 But when the admissions take place at all ages, and at various times, as 
 is the case with Government Annuitants, no useful result is to be ex- 
 pected from a comparison in the gross of the number living and dying 
 in any interval of age, without any regard to the time each individual 
 has belonged to the society. The point on which the Government 
 Table opposes my theory, as well as that of every other person, consists 
 in declaring that, from the age of twenty to forty-five, the force of 
 mortality does not increase with the age; it even goes so far as to shew, 
 that a man's chance of living one year increases in that period. A Table 
 of mortality of French Annuitants presents an appearance of the same 
 anomaly, though less in degree ; but contemporaneous observations on 
 French monks and nuns were in perfect accordance with the Theory. 
 Possibly, the cause of this anomaly may be found in the falsification 
 of ages, the above period being that in which people are most tempted 
 to represent themselves as younger than they really are. 
 
 The reported mortality of French and of English Annuitants is not 
 entitled to much confidence; for the former is founded on materials 
 avowedly defective, and the latter rests upon the authority of a person 
 whose qualifications for the task undertaken are unknown to the public. 
 In opposition to these questionable statements, it happens very fortu- 
 nutely that I am able to adduce very strong additional evidence in 
 favour of the applicability of the new Theory. In the East Indies, 
 below the age of forty-five, among the civil and military European 
 servants of the government, the mortality increases with the age, accord- 
 ing to the same law as in European populations resident at home. 
 I state this fact as the result of very extensive and accurate observa- 
 
XV 
 
 tions, derived, in a great measure, from official sources. A most extra- 
 ordinary coincidence with the Theory is to be found in the mortality 
 of the English officers employed in the Peninsular war. Fatigue and 
 battle, strange as it may appear, did not disturb the operation of the 
 law. The campaign increased seven-fold the previous mortality, but 
 left the new pressure (apparently so anomalous) adjusted to the age, in 
 the same manner as the natural pressuife had been. The public is left 
 to decide, whether these facts are not sufficient to neutralise, at least, 
 the effect of Government returns and calculations, so far as they lead 
 to the belief that the mortality between the ages of twenty and forty-five 
 years, among the English middling class, does not increase as the age 
 increases. 
 
 Even if the mortality of Government Annuitants should prove to be 
 correctly reported, and be independent of the effect of selection, I do 
 not apprehend that the stability of the new Theory of mortality will be 
 at all endangered thereby. The Theory is applicable only, when the 
 individuals compared differ in age, but resemble each other in all other 
 circumstances. In the labouring class, and in the middling class, there 
 is no remarkable change of circumstances depending on age, and, con- 
 sequently, to these two classes the Theory is always applicable. But 
 in the wealthiest class there is a most sudden and violent change made 
 about the age of twenty ; and it is this class which supplies, in all pro- 
 bability, the young life annuitants. Under the present system, the 
 wealthiest class are subjected to very great restraint for the five or six 
 years immediately succeeding the age of puberty. About the age of 
 twenty they are emancipated, when they indulge themselves with an 
 intemperance proportional to the previous abstinence. The youth of 
 both sexes, between the ages of twenty and thirty, are acting under the 
 influence of false notions of pleasure, acquired in a state of compulsory 
 abstinence. Possibly, the continuance of habits of intemperance in the 
 youthful rich is mainly to be attributed to the passion for distinction. 
 The appendages of wealth are of no intrinsic value, and rich people 
 prize them only as the means of dazzling the herd of mankind. About 
 the age of forty, the rich appear to discover that they have been playing 
 a very foolish game; and after that age, they do not (as slaves to 
 fashion) sacrifice their health, in order to exhibit the length of their 
 purse to their wondering poorer brethren. 
 
 There is a second point on which the universality of the new Theory 
 is subject to dispute, though of little practical consequence. In very 
 early infancy, or below the age of one year, the Theory in general 
 
XVI 
 
 appears to fail ; in some cases the error is great, in others insignificant. 
 But the error is always on the same side ; the Theory always gives a 
 smaller proportion of deaths below one year of age than the observa- 
 tions. In most cases the difference is unimportant; in the Swedish 
 observations alone is the difference very great. The extraordinary 
 appearance presented by the Swedish Tables may be attributable to in- 
 accuracies in the returns of ages, or to some peculiarity in the treatment 
 of infants. If intervals of five years of age be taken, the Swedish agree 
 with other observations in infancy, made under various circumstances 
 on different populations. A given degree of inaccuracy in the return of 
 ages, which produces no sensible disturbing effect above the age often 
 years, may lead to very serious errors below that age, the error increasing 
 as the age diminishes. At present, I think that there are no observa- 
 tions strong enough in accuracy to contend againt the apparent univer- 
 sality of the Theory. Future and improved accuracy of observation may 
 demonstrate the inapplicability of the Theory below the age o{ seven or 
 eight weeks. 
 
 CHAPTER IL 
 
 The force of mortality at any age is measured by the number of deaths 
 in a given time, out of a given number constantly living. The given 
 time has been here assumed to be one year, and the given number 
 living to be one person ; consequently, the algebraic sign for the force 
 of mortality represents — the quantity of death in one year for a unit of 
 life at the assumed age; or rather (since the force is changing con- 
 tinually) represents — the quantity of death on a unit of life which 
 would occur by the action of this force continued uniform for the space 
 of one year. 
 
 The force of mortality is a simple function of the age, or time from 
 birth, and is always of the form {ap") during each of the three periods 
 of Infancy, Manhood, and Old Age ; where (p) is the characteristic of 
 the period, and represents the ratio of increase or decrease of force 
 of mortality in one year ; where (*) represents the force at some given 
 age ; and where (x) represents the time (in years and parts) between 
 
xvn 
 
 that age and any other in the same period ;— for the sake of simplicity, 
 the given age may be assumed to coincide with that at which the period 
 commences. 
 
 Let, now, (y) represent the number Living or Surviving at any time (a;). 
 The force of mortality at that time = ap" = decrement in unit of time on unit 
 of life ; the finite decrement of {y) at that time = y y. a,p'; and the true decre- 
 ment, or the decrement in an infinitely small given time, = ya,p''dx ; that is, 
 — dy =: yap'dx. 
 
 Using (0 to signify hyperbolic logarithm, and (e) to denote the base of 
 
 a, 
 
 — V'- 
 9 ^ X ji 9 ^P 
 
 that system, we obtain by integration I- = j P and - = ^ 
 
 If it be assumed that y = 1 when x = o, then g = e'P and the equation 
 
 becomes y = e^P x e '^ or y = e^P 
 
 And calling the modulus of the common system (k), and using (^) to 
 signify common logarithm, the equation will finally become, — 
 
 -—(I - p'). 
 
 The above is the equation to the curve of Vitality, or rather is the 
 form of the equation to each of the three segments of that curve. In 
 each segment, the quantity (p) has its appropriate value. The first 
 segment terminates near the age of nine years ; the second near the age 
 of fifty-five. There may exist a very small fourth segment near the 
 age of ten, in which ^ = 1. The above formula will not serve to dis- 
 cover directly the number of survivors from hirth at any age above nine 
 years. Before it can be so applied, two constants must previously be 
 deduced from it : first, the value of (^) at the end of the first segment, 
 and then the value of (^) at the end of the second segment. These 
 constants, being used as multipliers, will give the values of (^) at any 
 age, corresponding to a given number born. These values of {y) at 
 annual intervals constitute a Table of Mortality. From the general 
 formula may easily be deduced an expression for the probability of 
 living one year, at any age ; by means of which, Tables of Mortality 
 may be constructed with great rapidity and security from error. 
 
 The honour of first discovering that some connexion existed between 
 Tables of Mortality and the algebraic expression {cfi") belongs to Mr. 
 Gompertz : but, to arrive at this single common point, his course of 
 investigation differs so widely from mine, that appearances will be found 
 
xvm 
 
 corresponding to the reality, — that my discovery is independent of the 
 imperfect one of Mr. Gompertz. 
 
 The new Theory is universally true. All valuable observations made 
 in Europe concur in proving its truth ; and recent extensive and accu- 
 rate observations made on the Jamaica slave population, of African 
 parentage, are in conformity with it. Whence the conclusion is war- 
 rantable, — that the new Theory is equally applicable to the lowest as 
 well as to the highest grade of humanity, and to the inhabitants of tro- 
 pical as well as of polar regions. 
 
 The proof of the new Theory is of the strongest possible nature, 
 being arithmetical. By the help of the simplest rules of arithmetic, 
 any person may satisfy himself of the truth of the new discovery : he 
 has only to compare the numbers in the Tables which I have constructed 
 on one common principle, with the numbers in the Tables of highest 
 repute, formed on no principle whatever. He will find the numbers 
 correspond so nearly, as to give results identical for long periods, and 
 almost identical for short periods of time. In very few cases will he 
 ever find the differences to be greater than such as would have occurred 
 in Tables formed by different persons from the same materials. 
 
 The reader is requested to compare the Village Table with Mr. 
 Milne's Table for Carlisle, at all ages above two months. The Table of 
 Mean Mortality will be found to approach very near to the Swedish 
 Table of Dr. Price. But the coincidence here is accidental, as this 
 Cardinal Table was not intended to coincide with any existing one. 
 The Tables for Northampton and Stockholm will be found agreeino- 
 nearly with those of Dr. Price : but with respect to these two Tables, 
 the support derived from the agreement is reciprocated. In order to 
 facilitate examination, I have collected and condensed the information 
 contained in the chief Tables in repute. I have given the annual deaths 
 in intervals of ten years of age for every hundred living. By a very 
 simple inspection, it may be perceived whether the observations accord 
 with the Theory. When the decennial rate between the ages of ten and 
 fifty increases one-third every ten years, and when this rate, after the 
 age of sixty, doubles every ten years, then are the observations in near 
 conformity with the Theory. For the period of Infancy, a good indica- 
 tion of conformity with the Theory is, the proportion of three to two 
 between the deaths of two successive years. 
 
 Positive arithmetical coincidence is not to be looked for ; and if 
 any such were adduced, it would tend rather to confute, than to confirm 
 the Theory. The Theory informs us what are the chances of living or 
 
XIX 
 
 of dying in a given time ; but it does not tell us how many must die. 
 According to the doctrine of chances, there exists a high degree of im- 
 probability that, in sixty throws with a six-sided die, an ace will be 
 thrown ten times exactly: although this number expresses the true 
 probability, and is more likely to happen than any other which can be 
 mentioned. In six hundred throws, the times of throwing an ace will 
 approach nearer the proportion of one-sixth than it would in sixty 
 throws. Similarly, with regard to the new Theory of Mortality, as the 
 number and extent of the observations increase, the nearer is the ap- 
 proach to the true measure of the probability of Dying or Living. But 
 perfect coincidence is never to be expected even in nature, much less in 
 erroneous records; and still less in Tables deduced, by the erring judg- 
 ments of individuals, from such erroneous records. 
 
 In a work of the present nature, arithmetical accuracy is a quality 
 of essential importance. In this respect, the accompanying Tables will 
 bear comparison with any hitherto published : at the same time, they 
 aim at a degree of precision never before attempted. These Tables 
 prove by internal evidence their own accuracy. A very simple inspec- 
 tion will serve to detect the existence of an error, however insignificant. 
 All preceding Tables are so anomalous, that irregularity is consistent 
 with correctness; but in these Tables, a breach of uniformity is an indi- 
 cation of error. As a security against errors of the press, and as a check 
 on errors in calculations founded on these Tables, this quality of unifor- 
 mity is of no inconsiderable importance. 
 
 The original calculations have all been performed in duplicate ; and 
 two or three days have generally intervened between the similar steps 
 in the parallel operations. The errors of all magnitudes detected in the 
 process, amounted to one in every four thousand written figures. One 
 half of these errors were so inconsiderable, that, if allowed to remain 
 unrectified, they would not have affected the printed part of the results. 
 They were either faults in arithmetic, in the taking out of logarith"ms, 
 or in copying. The two former sources were the most prolific of 
 error. 
 
 \ 
 
XX 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The increase of a population has a great dependence upon the number 
 of women at the child-bearing age, which may be assumed to extend 
 from the age of twenty to the age of thirty-six years. In most countries, 
 the proportion of such women is one-eighth of the total population. No 
 sensible effect, I conceive, is produced by a woman's selecting a diflfer- 
 ent period for the developement of her extreme prolific power. The best 
 child-bearing period is that in which woman enjoys her maximum of 
 strength and fertility. There is reason for believing that a woman does 
 not yield more children because she may begin to bear before the age 
 of twenty. That the strength of the children, as well as of the mother, 
 will be deteriorated by early bearing, is almost certain. The fertility, 
 or the chance of conception, probably decreases continually from the 
 age of eighteen to forty-five. In different populations, the average 
 extent of the child-bearing age may be expected to vary with the 
 vitality. In a strong, healthy, and long-lived people, this period will 
 certainly be longer than in a weak people. The period of sixteen years 
 I have considered to be the average due to ordinary European circum- 
 stances. There is a deduction to be made on account of total or partial 
 barrenness. The proportion of women totally barren has been estimated 
 at one in forty : to this is to be added a similar and equal barrenness of 
 the men ; so that one-twentieth of the women are wholly unprolific. In 
 the next place, an allowance more considerable is to be made for partial 
 barrenness, or for the loss of fertility before the expiration of sixteen 
 years. It would be diflBcult to make a good estimate of this quantity; 
 probably a deduction of one-seventh on this account will be found not 
 far from the truth. After making these two deductions, we arrive at 
 this result; — that the proportion of the effective child-bearing women 
 is one-tenth of the total population. 
 
 From extensive observations made by Dr. Granville on women of 
 Lying-in Institutions, the proportion of births to prolific years appears 
 subject to very little variation in all women. This proportion is one 
 birth every two years, until a woman ceases to bear ; the truth of which 
 statement the experience of most people will confirm. If, then, the 
 prolific power of any European population were fully exerted, every 
 child-bearing woman would yield one birth every two years, and the 
 
XXI 
 
 total child-bearing women would add annually one-half their own 
 number to the population ; that is, the extreme prolificness of any- 
 European population is represented by a number of annual births, equal 
 to one-twentieth part of the total population. 
 
 Their extreme unchecked prolific power was probably never exerted 
 by any population for any considerable period of time. A very insig- 
 nificant portion of the earth's surface is so insalubrious, that the popu- 
 lation may not be increased faster than their food was ever increased. 
 It is even doubtful whether absolute insalubrity has any existence in 
 any part of the world ; for all observations hitherto made prove relative 
 insalubrity only. In the island of Jamaica, for example, the mortality 
 of Europeans is five times as great as that of Africans, which, again, is 
 a little greater than that of Europeans at home. This does not prove 
 the climate of Jamaica to be more unhealthy than that of Britain. We 
 are only justified in concluding, that it is a very unhealthy climate for 
 Europeans, and a probably unhealthy climate for Africans ; but, without 
 at all straining the bounds of probability, we may imagine the existence 
 of an indigenous population, more healthy than the African immigrants, 
 and as healthy as Europeans residing in their native climate. 
 
 The check on the exertion of the prolific power is scarcity of food. 
 The more the prolific power is exerted, the greater is the difficulty of 
 obtaining food. When the extreme power is put forth, famine and 
 pestilence are seldom far absent. The severe moral and physical penal- 
 ties attached (by the customs of all nations) to child-bearing, without 
 the consent of the supporting relatives, would never have existed, if the 
 supply of food had been unlimited. By restraining fecundity, there is 
 no class of men, however poor, who may not become rich, and command 
 all the real enjoyments of life. As a society improves in knowledge, 
 the prospect of poverty, or semi-starvation, operates with increasing 
 force. The degree of poverty of the bulk of a nation is one of the best 
 tests of its intelligence, — taking scantiness and coarseness of food as 
 the proper measure of poverty. . Brutes, and the lowest order of men, 
 sacrifice their future happiness (in which that of their offspring is in- 
 volved) for the sake of a present selfish gratification: a wise man is 
 influenced by the remote probable consequences of his actions, and he 
 will refrain from doing any thing which will add to his present enjoy- 
 ment, by diminishing disproportionately his future enjoyment. 
 
 The observations of Dr. Granville were made on the worst class 
 of London Life; for it is reasonable to expect that the applicants for 
 charitable aid belong to the most suffering , class of the community. 
 
 d 
 
XXI 1 
 
 The great mortality of the children, of the women observed, supports 
 this opinion. This mortality is not less than it was a century ago for 
 the total London population, which then could barely maintain its 
 numbers by the extreme of propagation. Either these people observed 
 were (contrary to Dr. Granville's opinion) representatives of the worst 
 class of London Life, or the increased duration of life in London is 
 a fable. If they are supposed to belong to the class of severest mor- 
 tality, it might be doubted whether the interval between two successive 
 births would be the same in the general population as in this class. It 
 might be expected that the births would be quicker in the general 
 population, because subject to a lower degree of privation and mortality. 
 In answer to an objection of this nature, I would urge, that the degree 
 of privation is not so great as to affect considerably the chance of con- 
 ception ; and that any effect thus produced would be balanced by the 
 mortality of the suckling infants, which is greatest when the chance 
 of conception is least. The minimum interval between two successive 
 births is probably one year and eight months ; which minimum is appli- 
 cable to the two extremes of the English population, — to the portion 
 enjoying the strongest frames and the most robust health, and to the 
 portion whose health and strength have been undermined and enfeebled 
 by luxurious living; the latter portion (consisting of the wealthiest 
 part of the community) not being accustomed to complete the function 
 of child-bearing, by suckling their infants. 
 
 The ordinary average annual mortality of a European population 
 may properly be estimated at one death to every forty living. This pro- 
 portion is subject to little variation on account of any common increase 
 or decrease of population. The possible annual births having been 
 shewn to amount to one-twentieth part of the population, we shall 
 have, on deducting the deaths from the births, the annual possible 
 increase of a European population equal to one-fortieth part, or to two 
 and a half per cent. This gives twenty-eight years as the period in 
 which a population may double its numbers. This rate of increase 
 apparently agrees with that which has prevailed for a long space of 
 time over the British American population. In most parts of Europe, 
 population increases at the rate of one per cent per annum. The pos- 
 sible prolificness of the British American population is undoubtedly 
 much greater than that of the kindred British population at home. In 
 all probability no people were ever so favourably circumstanced as the 
 inhabitants of the United States for the development of health, strength, 
 and prolificness. They obtain an abundance of plain and nutritious 
 
XXIU 
 
 food by means of a moderate portion of labour, in a pure atmosphere. 
 In England, the bulk of the population acquire a scanty supply of 
 coarse food by incessant labour, in a confined and consequently impure 
 atmosphere. In America, a large quantity of food is given in exchange 
 for a small quantity of useful healthy labour: in England, unceasing 
 toil frequently fails to purchase a sufficiency of the coarsest food. This 
 superiority is, however, of a temporary nature. Every increase of density 
 of the American population is another step towards the state of misery 
 and privation at present existing in Europe. 
 
 Whether it is desirable that any European population should in- 
 crease, is an important question for philanthropists, the proportion of 
 food to population being supposed to remain unchanged. The question 
 resolves itself into this, — Does an increase of human beings add any 
 thing to the national stock of happiness ? For any European population, 
 I would, without hesitation, answer in the negative, and say, that an 
 addition to the numbers was an addition to the general mass of misery. 
 In the best state of society, pain and pleasure will balance each other; 
 in the existing state of society in Europe, ten times as much pain as 
 pleasure is spread over a man's life. There is but one advantage 
 attending an increase of population worthy of consideration; it is this, 
 — that knowledge increases with the density of a population. This 
 will be manifest to any one who considers that additions to the common 
 stock of knowledge are made by individuals ; as the number of indivi- 
 duals increases, the additions increase, or knowledge more rapidly ad- 
 vances. In the moral, as in the physical world, the effect of each man's 
 labour increases, as the number of individuals with whom he acts in con- 
 cert increases. 
 
 There is another important question, — Is it desirable that a nation 
 should exert its utmost powers of increase, when the supply of food is 
 unlimited ? As happiness does not depend on abundance of good food 
 alone, I would again answer in the negative. The' average soundness 
 and robustness of health in a nation is one of the most important con- 
 stituents of its happiness. Now, it is perfectly certain that the health 
 of children closely resembles that of their parents. A person's stock of 
 health and strength may be increased or diminished by education, but 
 it will be mainly dependent on the source whence it is derived. It is, 
 therefore, manifestly desirable that no weak or diseased person should 
 transmit his defects to posterity. Even if his life were a blessing to an 
 unhealthy person, it can never be so to the society in which he lives : 
 he will defile every thing he touches — all his objects of attachment will 
 
XXIV 
 
 be injured by his love. When food is secured, procreation ought to be 
 so directed as to yield the highest amount of health, strength, velocity, 
 and intelligence, which are the elements of every thing good and 
 beautiful. 
 
 It is a fact, capable of demonstration, that the population of Britain 
 may be 'mcressed^ve-fold, — that the soil and agricultural knowledge 
 possessed by Britain are capable of yielding an abundant supply of 
 good food for five times the existing number of inhabitants, without 
 increasing the proportion of agricultural labour due to each individual. 
 The knowledge of this fact has induced many well-meaning people to 
 exert themselves strenuously in support of the doctrine,— that all actions 
 tending to increase the population are deserving of national encourage- 
 ment. The benevolence of such men gives additional force to their 
 erroneous and mischievous opinions. Every man, who is intelligent as 
 well as benevolent, will regard the increase or decrease of a population 
 as an object of secondary importance; such a man will direct his chief 
 exertions towards the increase of the proportion of food to population. 
 He will endeavour to accelerate the increase of food, and to retard the 
 increase of the population. If the population of Britain were to exert 
 their extreme prolific. power, and at the same time were to receive an 
 abundance of food, they would quickly degenerate from their high rank 
 among European nations. All the existing bodily and mental defects 
 and diseases would then be transmitted to the next generation ; whilst, 
 under the existing pressure of privation, not more probably than one- 
 half are transmitted (although new ones are created). In the struggle 
 for existence in which all European populations are engaged internally, 
 the weak in body and mind are commonly last in the race ; they become 
 impoverished, are shunned by others, and leave behind them no progeny 
 or heirs to their defects. In all classes of all countries there are re- 
 strictions on the exertion of the extreme prolific power, and all these 
 restrictions are more or less beneficial. Strength, beauty, and intel- 
 ligence, will retain their hold upon the affections of man as long as 
 he endures ; and the force of these virtues will greatly neutralise the 
 effect of money, in the struggle for giving life to the future generation. 
 In a perfect state of society, the good qualities of mind and body will 
 alone form the grounds of attachment or preference between individuals. 
 At present, the possession of money, by inheritance or descending con- 
 sanguinity, exerts a great disturbing and deteriorating influence on 
 European populations. The greatest defects of body or mind, conjoined 
 with money, are secure of transmission to posterity. 
 
XXV 
 
 A good system of hereditary distinctions is much to be desired. 
 Talent is hereditary ; and it is desirable that the possessors should bear 
 distinguishing marks, which may operate as premiums on the propaga- 
 tion from a good stock. The chances are much in favour of the exist- 
 ence of talent in the children of people of great natural endowments, 
 and as much against the existence of talent in the children of parents 
 who have never possessed any corporeal or mental virtues. Taking the 
 untried progeny of 1 00 horses, of various ascertained degrees of swift- 
 ness, and supposing them to run a race; — the chances of reaching the 
 goal first would be more in favour of the foal of the swiftest horse than 
 in favour of any other foal j but some one of the 99 opponents is likely 
 to outstrip this foal of the swiftest horse. If the same equality pre- 
 vailed among men as among horses, it would not be very difficult to 
 assign to each man his order of merit. But under the existing unequal 
 distribution of the advantages of education, it is not easy to distinguish 
 the endowments of nature from the adventitious accomplishments of 
 art. The pre-eminence of any individual (under the existing system) 
 is generally the result of natural talent of no high order, combined 
 with extrinsic, fortuitous, and extraordinary advantages of cultivation. 
 In all probability there lived contemporary with Newton hundreds^f 
 Englishmen his superiors in mathematical discernment, or in the power 
 of drawing j ust conclusions from a given quantity of facts, relating to 
 space, time, weight, or number. 
 
 Assuming that a child inherits one-half of the aggregate qualities 
 of his father and mother, or (less correctly) that he inherits one-half 
 of the qualities of each parent; the grandchild will inherit l-4th, the 
 great-grandchild l-8th, of the qualities of either first parent. The child 
 from the fifth generation will possess no more than l-32d part of the 
 blood of the original parent. If a distinction were conferred on the first 
 parent, and transmitted to his descendants in such a manner that the 
 honours diminished as the original blood diminished, no evil would 
 ensue, if the honours were reckoned on the side of one parent only. 
 But if the honours are reckoned on both sides, and if the father and 
 mother bear equal distinguishing honours, the children would be entitled 
 to the same honour as their parents. To obviate this absurdity, of 
 accounting a man of presumed excellence equal to a man of tried 
 excellence, a decree of this kind should be made; — that two-thirds, 
 instead of one-half, of any hereditary honour shall be extinguished at 
 each generation. In this case, the child from the fifth generation 
 would possess only l-243d part of the honour of either first parent. 
 
XXVI 
 
 If males and females of similar honours are always paired, then l-3d 
 of an honour is extinguished at each generation, and the child from 
 the fifth generation would possess about l-8th part of the original 
 honour. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 In all countries, and in all classes, there is a manifest difference in 
 the mortality of the two sexes ; and the difference is always in favour 
 of female life at all ages. Taking a gross average, it may be said, 
 that female life is better than male life, in the proportion of eleven 
 to ten. This superiority is not occasioned by any difference in the 
 ■occupation of the two sexes ; for, in Infancy, it is as conspicuous as 
 at any other period of life. With improved accuracy of observation, 
 a comparison of male with female mortality may lead to some very 
 useful results ; principally, perhaps, in shewing the dependence of the 
 first and second periods of mortality on the age of puberty. So far 
 as the existing imperfect observations can be trusted to, there is a 
 strong appearance of the periods of " Infancy " and " Manhood " termi- 
 nating at an earlier age among females than among males. No existing 
 Table affords any foundation for the belief, that child-bearing produces 
 any disturbing effect on the female rate of mortality. The sensible 
 mark, indicating that a woman has arrived at the termination of her 
 child-bearing age, is probably closely dependent on the year of life at 
 which the period of " Old Age" commences in her class. 
 
 The remote cause of the difference in the mortality of the two sexes 
 is yet hidden among other secrets of nature. There is known, however, 
 a proximate cause to which it is probably referable. Throughout the 
 animal kingdom, this general law appears to prevail, — that males are 
 more excited by given circumstances than females are. Now, all sick- 
 ness is occasioned by excessive excitement (positive or negative) of 
 some particular organ ; and sickness will be most severe in the sex 
 subject to the higher degree of moral and physical excitement. Let any 
 one institute a comparison between his male and female acquaintance ; 
 he can hardly fail to come to the conclusion, that activity is as much 
 the characteristic of the male, as passiveness is of the female sex. In 
 
xxvu 
 
 the outward signs of feeling, women outdo men, and children outdo 
 women ; but neither women nor children are, on that account, to be 
 esteemed as capable of more intense pleasurable or painful excitement. 
 The most violent internal commotion is generally accompanied by a 
 forced calmness of exterior. Those who are most ready to give vent to 
 their feelings in words, rarely exhibit much feeling or resolution in their 
 actions. The passions of women more quickly rise, and also more 
 quickly subside, than those of men; but the intensity and duration 
 of excitement is much inferior. The nervous energy t)f the female is 
 much less than that of the male ; and her superior quickness of excite- 
 ment may be accounted for on the principle, that a small mass is more 
 easily set in motion than a large mass. There is one passion about 
 which some doubt might be entertained, on account of the peculiar 
 organisation of the female, — I mean the sexual. Is this passion 
 stronger in the female than in the male? The reverse is manifestly 
 the case among the inferior animals; and appearances do not oppose 
 the expectation, that the human race, in this respect, obey the law 
 to which other animals are subject. In the shape of proof, may be 
 adduced the records of suicide in Paris, which shew that love kills 
 much more males than females. It is now time that the decision of 
 the ancient Greeks in this matter should be reversed. I allude to the 
 fabled sportful dispute between Jupiter and Juno, wherein the judge is 
 made to award the palm to Jupiter's opinion, that woman had the larger 
 half of the pleasure shared between the two sexes. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The rate of mortality in large towns is greater than in small towns, 
 and greater in the small towns than in the villages of any nation. 
 This truth has been long known ; but no satisfactory reason has yet 
 been advanced, why a country population should live longer than a 
 town population. The excessive mortality of large towns has most 
 commonly been attributed to intemperance and debauchery ; that is to 
 say, a population known to be suffering a high degree of privation, are 
 supposed to kill themselves by excessive indulgence. In gratifications 
 of inferior moment, it frequently happens, that a man inconsiderately 
 
XXVIU 
 
 purchases one pleasure by the sacrifice of one more valuable. But it 
 may safely be denied, that any considerable body of men are content to 
 exchange their necessary food for any other gratification. No enjoy- 
 ment can co-exist with the pain of hunger. The proportion of people 
 having the power and the disposition to kill themselves by excessive 
 indulgence is so inconsiderable, compared with the total population 
 of any city, that where there is one death from having too much, there 
 are one hundred deaths from having too little. The popular notion, 
 that intemperance causes death, is true, indirectly ; but the evil arises 
 from the institutions of society, which sanction the slavish subjection 
 of children to the male parent. There are few fathers of families who 
 do not endeavour to increase their own enjoyments, by diminishing the 
 just gratifications of their wives and children. If the man is poor, this 
 tyrannical disposition is displayed by spending on gin for himself, what 
 ought to be expended in allaying the hunger of his family. Proportioned 
 to the strength of this disposition, is the degree of hunger, and the 
 degree of mortality. 
 
 There are two principal causes to which I would ascribe the exces- 
 sive mortality of large towns, viz. to excessive poverty, and to excessive 
 impurity of air inspired. In other words, these causes are two kinds of 
 privation, — first of food, and then of space. At first sight, it appears 
 improbable that there should be more poverty in cities than in villages ; 
 because it is a well-known fact, that money wages are considerably 
 higher, and real wages a little higher, in cities than in villages. If 
 all labourers obtained constant employment, there would be less poverty 
 in cities than in villages; but this is not the case. Some labourers 
 receive no wages, and very little victuals, for one month every year, 
 some for two months, some for three, and so on. But there is a certain 
 average of unemployed time, in every class of labourers in every place, 
 which might be ascertained without much difficulty. This average 
 waste starving time I imagine to be much greater in cities than in 
 villages; and the reader will agree with me, if he admits that labourers 
 and capitalists have similar principles of action. It is a well-known 
 fact, that the expectation of a high prize, either in a mine or in a 
 lottery, will exchange for much more than the true value of that ex- 
 pectation. In the hopes of getting a high prize in the lottery, many 
 sensible men have paid £16 for a chance, which, on sure mathematical 
 grounds, they knew not to be worth £8. On the same principle opera- 
 tives proceed : they are all ready to sacrifice twenty shillings a week 
 (nearly) constant employment, for twenty-five shillings a week uncer- 
 
XXIX 
 
 tain employment. Now, if the lottery principle be correctly applied, 
 the receivers of twenty-five shillings will acquire less money in a given 
 long time than the receivers of twenty shillings. Operatives will endure 
 more to obtain a sum of money distributed in twenty-five shilling prizes, 
 than they would endure for the same sum distributed in twenty shilling 
 prizes. Hence high wages, unconnected with high talent, is an indica- 
 tion of great poverty ; of course, the places selected for comparison must 
 have free communication with each other. In a city, a man obtains 
 more food for a day's labour than he does in a village ; but, in the 
 course of the year, he will have obtained less food in the city than in 
 the village, by reason of the excess of unemployed time in the city. 
 Inequality of employment is also a cause of death, at least it is so 
 when combined with that improvidence or ignorance, whicli is the 
 necessary attendant upon a system which degrades and confines the 
 labourer to the lowest animal gratifications. There is another reason 
 why the want of food should be felt more severely in cities than in 
 villages. It is this; — that in cities, the sufferers are generally among 
 strangers, whilst in villages they are at home among relatives. It is 
 not so easy to undergo a process of starvation among relatives as among / 
 strangers/ " ".. 
 
 The second cause of excess of mortality in cities, is impurity of the - 
 air respired. This impurity arises chiefly from privation of space. The 
 purity of confined air increases as the space allotted to each individual 
 increases. About one thousand cubic feet is the proper lodging space 
 for each individual. Perfectly pure air is that which is inhaled in fields; 
 the air in broad streets, or between two parallel walls, is of nearly equal 
 purity. The first stage of sensible impurity may be represented by a 
 cubical vessel having its sixth side removed. In such a vessel, all 
 direct motion is prevented, and the included air will be stagnant, unless 
 acted upon by the motion of the external air, in contact with the open 
 side. If the sixth side of the cube be added, we shall arrive at the 
 second stage of impurity, in which all human habitations are to be 
 classed.' If the joinings of the cubic apartments in which men live 
 were air-tight, we should obtain perfectly impure, or irrespirable air. 
 In connexion with this subject, the close alliance existing between 
 " civilisation " and pulmonary consumption is well worthy the most 
 serious attention. 
 
 The function of the lungs is of equal importance with the function 
 of the stomach. Good air is as necessary for health as good food. The 
 inhabitants of villages enjoy better health than those of cities, because 
 
XXX 
 
 they inhale purer air. The circumstances of the villager impel him 
 to pass the chief portion of his time in free, unconfined air ; whilst the 
 circumstances of the citizen cause him to spend all his time in a con- 
 fined space of impure air : the employment of the former is out' of doors, 
 of the latter in-doors. This is applicable to only one-half of a man's 
 life, — to twelve hours out of the twenty-four; there remains for consi- 
 deration, the manner in which the two kinds of labourers are lodged at 
 night. In this respect, also, it will be found that the villager is greatly 
 superior to the citizen. The average cubical space allotted to the lodg- 
 ing of each individual is much greater in villages than in cities. The 
 crowded state of the poorest class of city labourers is a well-known 
 fact. That the general bulk of city labourers are more crowded than 
 the general bulk of village labourers, results from the undeniable fact, 
 that space is much more valuable in cities than in villages. The rent 
 of a given sized room is much higher in cities than in villages ; and a 
 city labourer's inducement to live in impure air is proportionally in- 
 creased. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The circumstances most favourable to vitality, consist in alternations 
 of privation and saturation, — in changes between tension and relax- 
 ation. The best bodily ec^ucation is that which elicits the endurance 
 of the greatest oscillation between privation and saturation. There is 
 a certain degree of elasticity in the organs on which life depends, 
 which is capable of unlimited increase or diminution. The elasticity 
 of any organ may be destroyed by either of two opposite causes, — long- 
 continued excitement, or long-continued repose. These two causes 
 of destruction are in constant operation in all " civilised " countries. 
 Most Europeans belong to one of two classes, — either to that of con- 
 tinued privation, or to that of continued saturation. The labouring 
 class suffer continually a high degree of excitement, and enjoy vei-y 
 little relaxation from hunger or labour; the monied, or non-labouring 
 class, are surfeited with repose which they cannot enjoy, because they 
 have not been previously excited. But experience proves that satura^ 
 tion impairs health and strength much more than privation does. 
 
XXXI 
 
 Those men who possess what are esteemed the advantages of wealth 
 and birth combined, are almost invariably distinguished by feebleness 
 of body. 
 
 The labourer is continually subject to the evils of exhaustion ; the 
 monied class are continually subject to the evils of repletion. Food 
 and repose ought always to be preceded by hunger and labour; this 
 law of Nature is not to be infringed with impunity. All labour consists 
 in the exertion of the contractile force of a certain muscle for a certain 
 time. A weak force of contraction may be continued for a long time, 
 a strong force can be maintained only for a short time; the former 
 constitutes gentle labour, the latter hard labour. The compressing 
 effect of hard labour is much greater than that of gentle labour; and 
 the elasticity or health of any organ appears to be proportional 
 to compression, accompanied by adequate repose. The health and 
 strength of a man who labours eight hours a-day may be greatly in- 
 creased by making him do in a day of six hours what he was pre- 
 viously accustomed to do in seven hours. By combining privation and 
 saturation in the same individual, and increasing both to their extreme 
 limits by insensible degrees, I believe that the health and force of man 
 may be 'rendered superior to that of any existing animal. I shall 
 borrow an illustration of this opinion from the phenomena occurring 
 among brutes. 
 
 It holds true generally, that the wildest animals are also the 
 strongest. Ferocity and strength, docility and weakness, are most 
 commonly combined. The lion may be considered as the representa- 
 tive of ferocity and intractability ; the horse, of timidity and docility. 
 Consequently, in comparison with the lion, the horse's strength is 
 weakness ; that is, a given mass of muscle of a horse will produce an 
 effect much inferior to that of a lion. That a lion is stronger than 
 a horse, in sudden momentary muscular exertions, will hardly be dis- 
 puted ; but it might be denied that a lion would effect more in a day than 
 a horse, although it might be admitted that he would effect much more 
 in a minute. But I believe that there exist no grounds for supposing 
 that one animal, whose extreme muscular tension is greater than that of 
 another, should not maintain a given moderate degree of tension longer 
 than the weaker animal. It is, however, extremely probable that, by 
 increasing the time of action, the relative superiority of one animal 
 over another may be diminished indefinitely. The total muscular action 
 of any animal is closely dependent on the quantity of food consumed • 
 and as the stronger animals do not consume much more food than the 
 
xxxu 
 
 weaker, it is not to be expected that the muscles of motion should pro- 
 duce a much greater continued effect in the former than in the latter. 
 Animal strength may be nothing more than the faculty of compressing 
 a given quantity of muscular action into a small space of time. If the 
 experiment could be tried, I imagine that the strength of the lion and 
 of the horse would be found related in this way ; — that, for impulse or 
 instantaneous effect, a lion is three times as strong as a horse; but 
 that, in a day, the total extreme development of strength in a lion 
 would only be twice as great as that of a horse ; and that, in two days, 
 the superiority would be less than in one day. The best indication of 
 strength consists, I believe, in the density and compactness of the 
 structure of bones and muscles. 
 
 The cause of this superiority remains to be considered. I believe 
 the lion to be stronger than the horse, because the former is exposed 
 to greater alternations of privation and saturation. The food of the 
 horse is distributed in small parcels, which may be collected by very 
 easy exertion, continued for a short time in a rich pasture, and for a 
 long time in a scanty pasture. The food of the lion is distributed in 
 large masses, not to be obtained except at the expense of the most 
 violent effort. Before the lion enters into action, the pain arising from 
 the privation of food must preponderate over the pain of extreme 
 muscular exertion: before a horse acts, it is only necessary that the 
 privation of food should be great enough to balance the pain of a very 
 low degree of muscular action. Nature requires of the lion great mus- 
 cular tension, continued for a short time ; and she requires of the horse 
 weak muscular tension, continued for a long space of time. The differ- 
 ence in strength between a horse and a lion rests, I imagine, entirely on 
 this remarkable distinction. This opinion (of incalculable importance, 
 if practically adopted), when expressed in general terms amounts to 
 this, — that muscular strength increases as the average muscular tension 
 is increased. The power of any muscle may be increased, bi/ diminish- 
 ing the time, and increasing the force of tension. 
 
 The above remarks relate particularly to the muscles by which 
 animals operate upon external objects, or to the muscles of motion; 
 but they are indirectly applicable to the minute muscles presiding over 
 the complex internal atomic movement existing in every animate body. 
 The organs of digestion, like the muscles of motion, are the strongest 
 when they are accustomed to the greatest tension for a short time, 
 followed by a long interval of repose. No tame animal could survive 
 the gorging of a ravenous beast of prey, any more than it could endure 
 
XXXUl 
 
 the long previous fasting. In a long given time, as one year, a horse 
 will probably move over the same space of ground, and consume the 
 same quantity of food, as a lion : but in eating and in moving, the lion 
 will probably effect in four hours what a horse requires twelve hours to 
 efiFect. The extreme shortness of the alimentary canal in beasts of prey 
 is probably consequent upon the extreme strength of the digestive 
 organs. 
 
 Like the muscles of motion and digestion, are the organs or muscles 
 by means of which animals resist or adapt themselves to changes of 
 external temperature : those which are habituated to encounter the 
 greatest changes are invariably the best and strongest. In support of 
 this opinion may be adduced the well-known fact, that the English 
 people are better able to endure sudden changes between cold and heat 
 than any other civihsed nation. The variable climate of England 
 demands of the muscles of temperature the most energetic action, 
 continued for a short space of time; whilst other climates are so equable 
 in their variations, that a languid action of long continuance is re- 
 quired of these muscles. For the muscles of motion and digestion, the 
 point of saturation is ascertainable, and subject to little variation; but 
 for the muscles of temperature, this point varies greatly. It is easy 
 to determine, by experiment, the quantity of labour and the quantity of 
 food which will produce the greatest health and strength ; but the most 
 advantageous temperature is not so easily to be determined. I believe 
 the natural and the best point of saturation to be, — the mean tem- 
 perature of the climate. The human body ought to be so disciplined, 
 as to feel most comfortable without clothing in motionless air of the 
 mean temperature of the climate. 
 
 The phenomena occurring among the human race are in perfect 
 accordance with the phenomena observed to exist among the inferior 
 animals. The wild men (called savages) are greatly superior to the 
 tame ones (calling themselves civilised), in every physical advantage. 
 There is hardly a European in existence who could compete (with any 
 chance of success) with an ordinary North American Indian hunter, 
 in either of the three grand tests of animal power, — marching or run- 
 ning the greatest distance in a given time; enduring the greatest 
 hunger or thirst ; and bearing the greatest extremes of heat and cold. 
 The astonishing indolence of savages is a mark of affinity to the charac- 
 ter of the lion, which knows no medium between perfect repose and 
 most violent action. 
 
 It is a fact, too well known to be disputed, that the hardiest 
 
XXXIV 
 
 constitutions are to be found among the people who have to endure 
 the severest privations. The tenacity of life is greater among the 
 survivors of great privation than among the survivors of lesser priva- 
 tion. But muscular strength is proportional to the degree of privation 
 and saturation combined, and not to the degree of privation alone. 
 The majority of European labourers suffer moderate privation con- 
 tinually, with little or no admixture of saturation. The effect of in- 
 cessant privation is, to prune a population of its weaker branches, and 
 to leave only the very best lives. These lives, however, have not been 
 improved by passing through this ordeal ; but, on the contrary, have 
 suffered injury proportioned to the privation. Excessive labour, with 
 insufficient food and repose, exhausts and debilitates the strongest 
 frame. If the process of exhaustion has been of long continuance, the 
 suffering individual will never be able to recover the health and strength 
 which he has lost; but his offspring may, by judicious treatment, im- 
 prove their health, so as to attain the rank from which their parent fell. 
 The men of the strongest and most robust frames are not found among 
 those who labour hardest, but they are generally found among those 
 who labour moderately, and are well fed. The best elements of life 
 and strength are to be sought for among the hardest-faring men ; and 
 in performing experiments to elicit the greatest human muscular action, 
 the individuals ought to be selected from this class. The children 
 of the selected individuals may be rendered greatly superior to their 
 parents, and, in a few generations, a greater degree of muscular strength 
 may be elicited than was ever known among men. There is no apparent 
 limit to the increase of the muscular force of man ; he may render 
 himself stronger than a lion. The causes of strength and weakness 
 are placed out of the reach of the lion, but within the reach of the 
 intelligence and regulations of man. Strength depends on the length 
 of the oscillations between privation and saturation. Strength is im- 
 paired by too great, as well as by too small, oscillations. Man possesses 
 the exclusive privilege of commanding the length or extent of oscilla- 
 tion ; which privilege, hitherto, has been worse than useless to him. 
 Instead of using it to increase his strength, \vhich he might do, by 
 insensible additions to the length of the average oscillations, he impairs 
 his strength by extreme and unnatural diminutions in the extent of 
 oscillation. 
 
 In the making of war, the strength, velocity, and hardiness of the 
 soldier are of the utmost importance. The effect of courage and disci- 
 pline may be more than doubled by the careful cultivation of qualities 
 
XXXV 
 
 which have been hitherto totally neglected. An English soldier under- 
 goes no preparation for improving his capacity of enduring long 
 marches, extreme hunger, or extreme cold. On the contrary, there 
 is the strongest ground for believing, that the treatment he experiences 
 is positively inj urious, and tends daily to diminish his power of with- 
 standing the effects of fatigue, cold, and hunger. It is a remarkable 
 fact, that the mortality and the sickness of English soldiers at home 
 are very much greater than among the English labouring population 
 of the same age. The proportion of three to two will nearly express 
 the relative mortality and sickness for a soldier and for a labourer. 
 When it is considered that all soldiers are picked men, the difference is 
 still more surprising ; and it is very probable that soldiers suffer twice 
 as much death and sickness as labourers of equally good constitutions. 
 As soldiers are under the absolute control of government regulations 
 of health, which have never been excepted against, this fact indicates 
 the value of the knowledge in England respecting the laws of health. 
 
 The error in the treatment of soldiers consists, I imagine, in the 
 suddenness of passage from a state of continued privation to a state of 
 continued saturation. An English recruit suddenly exchanges coarse 
 and scanty fare, hard labour, and cold lodging, — for good food, warm 
 lodging, and the exercise of drilling. The previous hard labour is but 
 slightly compensated by the fatigue of drilling. In the former, the 
 great muscles are exerted ; in the latter, the exertion is chiefly confined 
 to the smaller muscles of motion. It is not improbable that the ordi- 
 nary muscular action of a day labourer is ten times as great as that of 
 a soldier, although the fatigue on both sides may be equal. It is never 
 expected that a man who has lived in luxury can suddenly descend to 
 privation, without serious injury : it ought no more to be expected, that 
 a body formed under privations can with safety be suddenly transferred 
 to a state of satiety. The excessive mortality of soldiers cannot reason- 
 ably be ascribed to their superior freedom from moral restraint ; for it is 
 difficult to conceive that any considerable quantity of intemperance and 
 debauchery can be purchased for half-a-crown a-week, which is the limit 
 of the English soldier's spending money. 
 
 As a remedy for the existing evil, I would suggest, — the exercising 
 of thie soldier in walking, running, and leaping, — the diminution of 
 harassing and unprofitable drillings, — and the reduction of the average 
 temperature of the soldier's skin, by changes in clothing and lodging. 
 From every soldier, let ten miles of running be exacted every day, or 
 
XXXVl 
 
 rather one hundred miles every ten days. The kind and quantity of 
 food might remain unchanged, but the frequency of meals should be 
 diminished. The adoption of a plan of this nature would, I conceive, 
 quickly restore the health of soldiers to the level of that pf labourers ; 
 and in a few years soldiers would become what they ought to be, — the 
 healthiest and strongest part of the community. The experiment pro- 
 posed may very easily be tried, and the correctness of the principle 
 be proved or disproved, by its application to two or three regiments. 
 If the average rate of sickness be not considerably reduced in a few 
 months, then is the principle to be abandoned, and some new cause 
 of the pernicious consequences of the existing mode of treatment is to 
 be sought for. There is nothing, probably, more deserving the deepest 
 attention of the army government than plans for the diminution of sick- 
 ness. At home, or in a short campaign, the injurious eflPects of sickness 
 are not very important ; but in a long campaign, and in all great effotts, 
 at least one-half of the army expenditure is to be placed to the account 
 of sickness. It is an important fact, that an English army cannot long 
 continue active operations before one-third of its power becomes paralysed 
 by sickness (exclusive of inefficiency from wounds in battle). The 
 enormous proportion of sick is attended with a corresponding mortality, 
 which occasions a vast expenditure in the recruiting and transport 
 departments. Simply by reducing the rate of sickness one-half, it is 
 not improbable that the expense may be reduced one-half, of main- 
 taining an active army of a given efficiency in a foreign country. 
 
 The monied class of England are greatly inferior to the labouring 
 class in corporeal advantages. Those who live in a state of continued 
 saturation, cannot compete in bodily exercises with the suflFerers of 
 continued privation. But the monied cIeiss have it in their power 
 to reverse this relation ; they have only to adopt a system of voluntary 
 privation, alternating with their ordinary state of saturation. The 
 readiest means of attaining the desired object, would be to subject 
 themselves to a system of military regulations. They would be no 
 losers in present happiness by so doing : the pain from fasting, from 
 hard labour, or from exposure to cold, is very inconsiderable, when we 
 have in close and certain prospect the unbounded gratification of the 
 desire excited. The pleasure of gratifying a new want is an indis- 
 putable gain, to which is to be added the distant pleasures inevitably 
 attendant upon improvements in health and strength. Privation is 
 an ingredient of pleasure more indispensable than saturation ; for the 
 
xxxvu 
 
 place of the latter is often supplied by the imagination. Pleasure 
 may be defined to be, the meeting together of privation and saturation; 
 in the same manner as the electric shock is the rushing together, 
 commingling, and neutralisation of two antagonist fluids ; the shock, in 
 either case, being proportional to the previous degree of tension. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 There exist§ a popular notion, that the mortality of the English popu- 
 lation has been diminishing for the last century. This notion is founded 
 upon National Returns of Living and Dying, acknovyledged on all sides 
 to be very imperfect. Any approach to correctness in these returns, 
 rests entirely on the principle which impels a man — to tell the truth 
 (if known), when nothing is to be gained by the trouble of falsification. 
 But there exists no principle impelling a man to incur the irksome 
 labour of closely investigating and accurately reporting a truth or fact 
 in which his own immediate interests are not concerned. Any consi- 
 derable body of men, having a certain duty to perform, never do it 
 carefully when they receive the same amount of praise or money for 
 doing it negligently. These Returns cannot lead to any safe conclusion 
 as to the absolute rate of mortality at any time ; although they may 
 indicate the relative rate of mortality at different times ; and they are 
 to be considered as strong evidence of a temporary diminution of English 
 mortality. The force of this evidence would be very great, if any satis- 
 factory reason had been alleged to account for this diminution ; but so 
 far is this from being the case, that the strongest arguments can be 
 adduced to shew that English mortality ought to have been increasing 
 during the last century. Mortality varies inversely as food, and food 
 varies as wages. Now, it is an undeniable fact, that wages have been 
 continually decreasing during the last century : the day-labour of a man 
 now will excbajige for one-third less com than it used to do ; conse- 
 quently there is strong ground for believing the mortality to have been 
 increasing. This seeming paradox, of a population improving its health 
 by diminishing its food, may be accounted for by change of circum- 
 stances so great, that wages do not afford any good measure of the food 
 
 f 
 
xxxvin 
 
 consumed in times so distant. The English labourers of former times 
 were small farmers or cottagers, like those of Ireland now ; they de- 
 pended more upon the produce of their plot of ground than upon 
 the produce of their labour in the service of others. Even if the 
 same kind of food were consumed, we could not safely institute any 
 comparison as to the amount consumed, founded upon the wages 
 of such labourers and the wages of labourers of the present day, who 
 depend entirely on their labour-earnings and on the poor's rate. 
 But what I apprehend to be the true solution of the diflSculty is, the 
 substitution, to a very great extent, of potatoes for com. It is very 
 probable that more nutriment is obtained by English labourers of the 
 present day, by the expenditure of two shillings on a mixture of corn 
 and potatoes, than could be obtained from three shillings expended on 
 corn alone. 
 
 In order to ascertain the rate of mortality to which a nation is 
 subject, there is no method to be placed in competition with that of 
 decennial enumerations of the living, classed in decennial intervals of age. 
 This method is greatly superior to any other, because the result sought 
 will be affected in the lowest possible degree by errors in the enumera- 
 tion of the total population. The absolute mortality will be made to 
 depend almost entirely on correctness of proportion in the distribution 
 of the population in classes of decennial age. This is a kind of correct- 
 ness on which the greatest reliance can be placed, in operations of mag- 
 nitude, as there exists the highest mathematical probability that any 
 errors of distribution in one return will be neutralised by opposing errors 
 in some other return. 
 
 The English Population Returns for 1831 have been published 
 whilst the present work is passing through the press. Their form is 
 very unsatisfactory, and is an indication that the science of life measure- 
 ment has made a retrograde movement. The best, and perhaps the only, 
 opportunity which ever existed of determining with accuracy the abso- 
 lute mortality of an extensive and varied population has just been 
 thrown away. If the ages of the living population had been returned 
 in the present, as they were in the Report of 1821, we should now 
 be informed of the rate of mortality prevailing in every district of 
 England. From the English Population Returns no valuable informa- 
 tion is to be derived, respecting either the relative or the absolute 
 mortality at different ages. 
 
 From a statement made in the Returns of 1831 of the ages of the 
 
XXXIX 
 
 dying population of the county of Essex, I entertain a strong suspicion 
 that the apparent diminution of the gross English mortality arises entirely 
 from the retrogression of the limit of infancy from the age of nine to the 
 age of seven years. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 There subsists the most intimate connexion between Sickness and 
 Death ; and, in the order of nature, the latter is preceded by the 
 former as its cause. That death and sickness simultaneously increase 
 and decrease, is a proposition which few people will be inclined to 
 dispute. From a great extent of observations, I have collected the 
 important fact, that death is proportional to duration of sickness alone, 
 and is independent of intensity. These observations have been made 
 on military masses of the greatest magnitude, under the widest variety 
 of circumstances. They serve to establish the fact, that in any con- 
 siderable quantity of men, placed for a given time under peculiar 
 circumstances, there exists a fixed proportion between the number of 
 deaths and the aggregate duration of sickness ; and, what may appear 
 extraordinary, the definite proportion which is applicable to one set 
 of circumstances, agrees nearly with the definite proportion which is 
 applicable to any other combination of circumstances. Two years 
 of sickness to each death appears to be the law of nature, from which 
 little deviation is allowed, except in very unhealthy climates. This 
 proportion has been observed to rule over the English army employed in 
 the Peninsular war, the European troops in the East Indies, and the 
 native troops in the East Indies. In the English army, at home and 
 inactive, there are 2^ years of alleged sickness to each death. In the 
 English West India army, there is 1^ year of sickness to each death. 
 In the East Indies, the proportion, more correctly stated is, 2^ years 
 for the native troops, and If years for the European troops. The 
 experience of Benefit Societies shews that this proportion for the English 
 working population approaches very near to two years. In any popu- 
 lation between the ages of 20 and 55, if the numbers constantly sick 
 amount to four per cent on the living, then it may be safely inferred 
 that the annual deaths amount to two per cent on the living. 
 
xl 
 
 At different ages, the rate of sickness increases as the rate of morta- 
 lity increases. The expectation that it ought, is so reasonable, that 
 Dr. Price long ago acted upon it in the construction of his Tables 
 of Sickness, which are in universal use. The opinion is confirmed 
 by the report of sickness in Scotland, made by the Highland Society, 
 at least with the exception of old age. But the opposition here is a very 
 questionable fact, and of no practical importance. 
 
 In constructing the Tables for provision in sickness and in old age, 
 I have been influenced by the general principle, — that all savings from 
 the earnings of labour ought to be made before the age of fifty-five 
 years; that between the ages of 55 and 65 a man should expend the 
 labour barely sufficient for his maintenance ; and that for the portion 
 of life which may be enjoyed after the age of Q5, he should subsist 
 entirely on previous savings. According to these Tables, the allowance 
 during old age commences at 65, but the weekly payments given in 
 exchange for it cease at the age of 55. The Health Assurance Table is 
 confined to periods terminating at the age of 55 ; at least it is so when 
 the price paid is an even weekly payment, continued from the age of 
 admission to the end of the term of insurance. But I have given a 
 second Table, wherein the contributions are variable and increasing, 
 which shews the value of health insurance for the term of one year, 
 at all ages below 70. By the help of -this second Table, the even 
 weekly payment for health insurance, commencing at 55 and termi- 
 nating at 65 years of age, may be obtained sufficiently near for practical 
 purposes. 
 
 The basis assumed of my Tables of Sickness, is intermediate between 
 that reported by the Highland Society, and that said to be assumed by 
 Dr. Price. But the basis really assumed by Dr. Price in his Tables 
 differs from mine in a very insignificant degree. Dr. Price appears 
 to have fallen into the error of confounding an assurance for a long 
 term with an assurance for a short term. He seems to have assumed, 
 that the weekly payment for health insurance for thirty years does not 
 differ from the weekly payment for a term of ten years. It is, however, 
 not improbable that the error was known at the time, — that Dr. Price 
 preferred making an incorrect statement, to the exposing of difficulties 
 of calculation, which neither he nor any other person has succeeded in 
 surmounting. By the help of the new discovery, I have been able 
 to overcome the difficulty in one case only ; and, most fortunately, this 
 case is the only one of great practical importance. 
 
 I would here observe, that a Life and Health Association may act in 
 
xli 
 
 such a manner as to exhibit results differing widely from my Tables 
 of Mean Mortality and Sickness; and yet there may be no reason 
 for calling in question the correctness of the assumed averages. For 
 I present these Tables as the best standard of truth for a long space 
 of time, on the supposition that the management of the Society is liberal 
 and intelligent in an average degree. By liberality, I would be under- 
 stood to mean, the disposition to admit rather exceptionable lives, pro- 
 vided that the inducement to seek admission has not been founded on 
 the knowledge of this exception. The profitable effect of a Life and 
 Health Association greatly depends on the Tables selected ; but it is still 
 more dependent on the general management. 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE TABLES. 
 
 Tab. a. 1. Out of 146,472 born alive, 100,000 attain the ^e of 12 years, 
 50,224 attain the age of 60, and 1702 die in their 61st year of age. 
 
 Tab. a. 3. The value of annuity of £1 on a single life, aged 60 years, 
 when the rate of interest is 4 per cent, is 9*0179 ; the payments being made at 
 the end of annual intervals, and no allowance being due for the fractional time 
 lived in the year of death. 
 
 Tab. A. 6. The present value of annuity of £ 1 on the joint continuance of 
 two lives, aged 20 and 30 years, is 15*6890 ; the annual payments cease on the 
 failure of either of the two lives. 
 
 Tab. A. 21. The average duration of life from and after any age, is termed 
 the expectation. A person aged 35 years has an expectation of living 28'1617 
 complete years. To obtain the total expectation, about half a-year is to be added 
 to the numbers in this Table for fractional years of existence. 
 
 Tab. a. 22. Of two lives, aged 30 and 40 respectively, — the probability 
 that the younger will die first, is represented by -37259 ; that of the elder by 
 •62741 ; — the sum of these probabilities, or certainty, being represented by 
 unity. 
 
 Tab. a. 30. In a stationary population, wherein 100,000 attain the age of 
 12 every year, there are 903,374 constantly living between the ages of 20 and 
 30, and 8445 annually dying in the same interval of age. For 100,000 living 
 at all ages, 42,073 are between the ages of 20 and 50. 
 
 Tab. A. 31. In a population increasing ten per cent every ten years (but 
 stationary during each decennial interval), wherein the living, between the ages 
 of 20 and 30, belong to the stationary population of the adjoining Table; — out 
 of a total population of 6,055,290, there are 1,480,766 living below the age of 
 10, which is equivalent to 244,541 out of one million. 
 
 Tab. a. 32. Health insurance for the term of one year. For lOOd. a week 
 during sickness, a person who has just completed his 30th year will be required 
 to pay 2d. (2"0137) per week. The benefit and the weekly payments terminate 
 at the age of 31, when another annual engagement may be made. 
 
 Tab. a. 33. Health Insurance during the effective stage of Human Life. 
 A person who has lived exactly 25 years will be required to pay 2^d. (2-4927) 
 
xlii 
 
 per week for 30 years, in order that he may receive lOOd. per week during the 
 portion of that time in which he may happen to he sick. For ten years' insur- 
 ance, from 55 to 65, the even weekly payment is about 6|rf. 
 
 Tab. a. 34. A person aged (precisely) 25 years will be required to pay 
 a weekly premium of 7d. (6-9257) for 30 years, as an equivalent for lOOd. per 
 week, after 40 years, or for the time he may live beyond the age of 65 years. 
 
 Tab. a. 35. A person aged 25 will be required to pay 6d. (5*9530) every 
 quarter of a year, in order that his representative may receive £5 on the day of 
 his death. 
 
 Tab. a. 36. The present value of a deferred annuity of £10, payable to B, 
 now aged 30 years, in case of surviving another person, A, now aged 40, 
 is £52-001 in a single payment, and £3-6002 in yearly payments, during the 
 joint lives, the first payment being made now. If the deferred annuity is to 
 commence growing from the death of A, and not from the date of the last 
 annual payment, the numbers in this Table will then be a trifle too high. 
 
 Tab. a. 37. At the age of 40 years precisely, the force of mortality is such, 
 that 1-4526 would die in one year out of 100 constantly living. 
 
 Tab. B. 23. Village Mortality. For £100 payable on the deafh of A, 
 aged 40, provided that another person, B, aged 50, be then alive; — the single 
 payment is £19-954, and the annual payment during the joint lives is £ 1-689. 
 
 Tab. B. 24. For £100 payable at the end of the year, in which a person, 
 now aged 35, may happen to die. If the assurance extends over the whole of 
 life, the equivalent annual payment for life is £2-0300 ; if the assurance is only 
 for the term of one year, the payment is £ 1-0140. 
 
 Tab. C. 6. Comparative view of three Tables of Mortality, assuming as a 
 common base, that 100,000 annually attain the age of 12 years. According to 
 the Table of Mean Mortality, between the ages of 20 and 30, the sum of the 
 living at the beginning of each of the ten annual intervals is 907,597 ; the 
 annual deaths amount to 8445; and the proportion of annual deaths to 100 
 annual survivors is -9305. The number of annual survivors exceeds the number 
 constantly living by half the annual deaths nearly, which excess is generally 
 very small. 
 
 Tab. C. 7. Between the ages of 20 and 50, with the Mean rate of Morta- 
 lity; — for 100,000 annually attaining the age of 12, there are living (annually 
 surviving) 2,429,331, and dying annually 30,393, being at the rate of 1-2511 
 per cent. In a stationary population of one million at all ages, there are living 
 417,892 between the ages of 20 and 50, and 5228 dying between those ages; 
 and out of 100,000 deaths at all ages, 20,751 happen between 20 and 50 years 
 of age. 
 
 \* The accompanying Tables, since being in type, have been read over by the Author 
 four times; ouce before, and three times after going to press; two readings with the 
 manuscript, and two readings with the original calculations. In the first reading, one 
 error of the press was found in every five pages, or one error in ten thousand figures ; an 
 extremely small amount, and an index of printing talent of a high order. The first alone 
 of the two under-mentioned erroi-s was not marked for correction before going to press. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Tad. a. 5. Column 7, line 24, should be 3-1447'. 
 Tab. C. 6. _ 10 _ IQ, _ 38-f 118. 
 
TABLES. 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. A. 1. 
 
 Tab. a. 2. 
 
 Shewing, at the end of any number of 
 years from birth, — the Living out of a 
 given number born, — also the Dying 
 in the year succeeding. 
 
 Shewing, at every age of life, in logarithms, — the 
 probability of living one year, (x,fl), — and the 
 Living out of a given number born (a. a). 
 
 1 
 
 < 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 4 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 
 
 146472-1 
 
 16647-2 
 
 50 
 
 64027-2 
 
 1255-0 
 
 1 
 
 129824-9 
 
 10169-2 
 
 51 
 
 62772-2 
 
 1266-8 
 
 2 
 
 119655-7 
 
 6420-0 
 
 52 
 
 61505-4 
 
 1278-0 
 
 3 
 
 113235-7 
 
 4144-1 
 
 53 
 
 60227-4 
 
 1288-5 
 
 4 
 
 109091-6 
 
 2715-5 
 
 54 
 
 58939-0 
 
 1298-2 
 
 5 
 
 106376-1 
 
 1797-5 
 
 55 
 
 57640-8 
 
 1338-3 
 
 6 
 
 104578-6 
 
 1198-0 
 
 56 
 
 56302-5 
 
 1410-1 
 
 7 
 
 103380-6 
 
 802-2 
 
 57 
 
 54892-4 
 
 1482-8 
 
 8 
 
 102578-4 
 
 650-8 
 
 58 
 
 53409-6 
 
 1556-0 
 
 9 
 
 101927-6 
 
 646-6 
 
 59 
 
 51853-6 
 
 1629-2 
 
 10 
 
 101281-0 
 
 642-5 
 
 60 
 
 50224-4 
 
 1701-6 
 
 11 
 
 100638-5 
 
 638-5 
 
 61 
 
 48522-8 
 
 1772-6 
 
 12 
 
 100000-0 
 
 643-8 
 
 62 
 
 46750-2 
 
 1841-2 
 
 13 
 
 99356-2 
 
 658-8 
 
 63 
 
 44909-0 
 
 1906-6 
 
 14 
 
 98697-4 
 
 673-8 
 
 64 
 
 43002-4 
 
 1967-7 
 
 15 
 
 98023-6 
 
 689-3 
 
 65 
 
 41034-7 
 
 2023-6 
 
 16 
 
 97334-3 
 
 704-8 
 
 66 
 
 39011-1 
 
 2073-0 
 
 17 
 
 96629-5 
 
 720-5 
 
 67 
 
 36938-1 
 
 2114-7 
 
 18 
 
 95909-0 
 
 736-5 
 
 68 
 
 34823-5 
 
 2147-5 
 
 19 
 
 95172-6 
 
 752-6 
 
 69 
 
 32676-0 
 
 2170-2 
 
 20 
 
 94420-0 
 
 768-9 
 
 70 
 
 30505-8 
 
 2181-6 
 
 21 
 
 93651-1 
 
 785-3 
 
 71 
 
 28324-2 
 
 2180-6 
 
 22 
 
 92865-8 
 
 801-9 
 
 72 
 
 26143-5 
 
 2166-3 
 
 23 
 
 92063-8 
 
 818-7 
 
 73 
 
 23977-2 
 
 2137-9 
 
 24 
 
 91245-1 
 
 835-6 
 
 74 
 
 21839-3 
 
 2094-8 
 
 25 
 
 90409-6 
 
 852-5 
 
 75 
 
 19744-6 
 
 2036-7 
 
 26 
 
 89557-0 
 
 869-7 
 
 76 
 
 17707-8 
 
 1963-8 
 
 27 
 
 88687-4 
 
 886-8 
 
 77 
 
 15744-0 
 
 1876-5 
 
 28 
 
 87800-5 
 
 904-1 
 
 78 
 
 13867-5 
 
 177.5-8 
 
 29 
 
 86896-4 
 
 921-4 
 
 79 
 
 12091-7 
 
 1662-9 
 
 30 
 
 85975-0 
 
 9388 
 
 80 
 
 10428-8 
 
 1539-6 
 
 31 
 
 85036-2 
 
 956-1 
 
 81 
 
 8889-2 
 
 1408-2 
 
 32 
 
 84080-1 
 
 973-5 
 
 82 
 
 7481-0 
 
 1271-0 
 
 33 
 
 83106-6 
 
 990-8 
 
 83 
 
 6210-0 
 
 1131-0 
 
 34 
 
 82115-8 
 
 1008-1 
 
 84 
 
 5079-0 
 
 991-1 
 
 35 
 
 81107-6 
 
 1025-3 
 
 85 
 
 4087-9 
 
 854-1 
 
 36 
 
 80082-3 
 
 1042-5 
 
 86 
 
 3233-8 
 
 723-0 
 
 37 
 
 79039-8 
 
 1059-5 
 
 87 
 
 2510-8 
 
 600-3 
 
 38 
 
 77980-4 
 
 1076-3 
 
 88 
 
 1910-5 
 
 488-1 
 
 39 
 
 76904-1 
 
 1093-0 
 
 89 
 
 1422-5 
 
 388-0 
 
 40 
 
 75811-1 
 
 1109-4 
 
 90 
 
 "1034-5 
 
 301-0 
 
 41 
 
 74701-6 
 
 1125-6 
 
 91 
 
 733-5 
 
 227-5 
 
 42 
 
 73576-0 
 
 1141-6 
 
 92 
 
 506-0 
 
 167-1 
 
 43 
 
 72434-4 
 
 1157-2 
 
 93 
 
 338-9 
 
 119-1 
 
 44 
 
 71277-2 
 
 1172-5 
 
 94 
 
 219-8 
 
 8-2-1 
 
 45 
 
 70104-7 
 
 1187-4 
 
 95 
 
 137-8 
 
 54-6 
 
 46 
 
 68917-2 
 
 1201-9 
 
 96 
 
 83-2 
 
 34-9 
 
 47 
 
 67715-3 
 
 1216-0 
 
 97 
 
 48-2 
 
 21-4 
 
 48 
 
 66499-3 
 
 1229-5 
 
 98 
 
 26-8 
 
 12-6 
 
 49 
 
 65269-8 
 
 1242-5 
 
 99 
 
 14-2 
 
 7-0 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 .6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 
 A,a 
 
 [-9476032 
 -9645754 
 •9760500 
 •9838078 
 •9890528 
 •9925988 
 •9949961 
 •9966170 
 -9972360 
 -9972360 
 •9972360 
 •9972360 
 •9971949 
 •9971110 
 •9970246 
 •9969356 
 •9968439 
 -9967495 
 -9966523 
 -9965521 
 -9964490 
 -9963428 
 -9962334 
 -9961207 
 -9960047 
 -9958852 
 -9957621 
 -99563| 
 -99551 
 -9953705 
 -9952318 
 -9950892 
 -9949423 
 -9947910 
 -9946352 
 -9944748 
 -9943095 
 •9941393 
 •9939640 
 -9937834 
 -9935975 
 -9934060 
 -9932087 
 -9930056 
 •9927964 
 •9925809 
 •9923590 
 •9921304 
 -9918950 
 -9916526 
 
 AO 
 
 •1657549 
 •1133581 
 •0779335 
 •0539835 
 •0377913 
 •0268441 
 •0194429 
 •0144390 
 •0110560 
 -008-2920 
 -0055280 
 -0027640 
 -0000000 
 [-9971949 
 -9943059 
 •9913305 
 •9882661 
 •9851100 
 •9818595 
 •9785118 
 ■9750639 
 •9715129 
 •9678557 
 •9640891 
 •9602098 
 ■9562145 
 •9520997 
 •9478618 
 •9434971 
 •9390019 
 •9343722 
 •9296040 
 ■9246932 
 •9196355 
 •9144265 
 •9090617 
 •9035365 
 •8978460 
 •8919853 
 •8859493 
 •8797327 
 •8733302 
 •8667362 
 •8599449 
 •8529505 
 •8457469 
 •8383278 
 •8306868 
 •8228172 
 •8147122 
 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 66 
 67 
 68 
 69 
 70 
 71 
 72 
 73 
 74 
 75 
 76 
 77 
 78 
 79 
 80 
 81 
 82 
 83 
 84 
 85 
 86 
 87 
 88 
 89 
 90 
 91 
 92 
 93 
 94 
 95 
 96 
 97 
 98 
 99 
 
 A,a 
 
 9914029 
 9911458 
 9908809 
 9906082 
 9903272 
 9897978 
 9889848 
 9881070 
 9871592 
 9861359 
 9850310 
 9838381 
 9825501 
 9811595 
 9796581 
 9780370 
 9762867 
 9743969 
 9723566 
 9701536 
 9677751 
 9652070 
 9624343 
 9594406 
 9562083 
 95-27184 
 9489504 
 9448822 
 9404897 
 9357472 
 9306268 
 9250983 
 9191292 
 9126844 
 9057260 
 8982131 
 8901015 
 8813434 
 8718874 
 8616778 
 8506546 
 8387529 
 8259028 
 8120285 
 7970487 
 7808750 
 7634125 
 7445582 
 7242015 
 7022225 
 
 A a 
 
 r8063648 
 •7977677 
 •7889135 
 •7797944 
 •7704026 
 •7607298 
 •7505276 
 ■7395124 
 -7276194 
 -7147786 
 -7009145 
 -6859455 
 -6697836 
 -6523337 
 -6334932 
 -6131513 
 -5911883 
 -5674750 
 -5418719 
 -5142285 
 •4843821 
 •4521572 
 •4173642 
 •3797985 
 •3392391 
 •2954474 
 •2481658 
 •1971162 
 •1419984 
 •0824881 
 •0182353 
 ?-9488621 
 -8739604 
 -7930896 
 -7057740 
 -6115000 
 •5097131 
 -3998146 
 -2811580 
 -1530454 
 -0147232 
 r-8653778 
 -7041307 
 -5300335 
 -3420620 
 ■1391107 
 ;-9199857 
 -6833982 
 -4279564 
 •1521579 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 3. 
 Shewing the present valiie of an Annuity of £l depending on a single life at any age. 
 
 < 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 4^cent 
 
 5Fcent 
 
 6^cent 
 
 1 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 4^cent 
 
 5Vcent 
 
 e^cent : 
 
 
 
 18-0508 
 
 14-9621 
 
 12-7061 
 
 11-0074 
 
 50 
 
 13-2921 
 
 12-0276 
 
 10-9518 
 
 10-0295 
 
 1 
 
 19-9764 
 
 16-5558 
 
 14-0522 
 
 12-1640 
 
 51 
 
 12-9646 
 
 11-7588 
 
 10-7293 
 
 9-8438 
 
 2 
 
 21-3244 
 
 17-6814 
 
 15-0088 
 
 12-9896 
 
 52 
 
 12-6285 
 
 11-4811 
 
 10-4978 
 
 9-6494 
 
 3 
 
 22-2094 
 
 18-4312 
 
 15-6527 
 
 13-5497 
 
 53 
 
 12-2834 
 
 11-1937 
 
 10-2566 
 
 9-4454 
 
 4 
 
 22-7447 
 
 18-8966 
 
 16-0597 
 
 13-9083 
 
 54 
 
 11-9285 
 
 10-8959 
 
 10-0049 
 
 9-2310 
 
 5 
 
 23-0250 
 
 19-1541 
 
 16-2931 
 
 14-1191 
 
 55 
 
 11-5631 
 
 10-5870 
 
 9-7417 
 
 9-0052 
 
 6 
 
 23-1234 
 
 19-2627 
 
 16-4018 
 
 14-2235 
 
 56 
 
 11-1931 
 
 10-2722 
 
 9-4720 
 
 8-7725 
 
 7 
 
 23-0931 
 
 19-2654 
 
 16-4215 
 
 14-2516 
 
 57 
 
 10-8250 
 
 9-9576 
 
 9-2010 
 
 8-5377 
 
 8 
 
 22-9719 
 
 19-1927 
 
 16-3774 
 
 14-2248 
 
 58 
 
 10-4593 
 
 9-6433 
 
 8-9293 
 
 8-3012 
 
 9 
 
 22-8122 
 
 19-0878 
 
 16-3060 
 
 14-1746 
 
 59 
 
 10-0964 
 
 9-3300 
 
 8-6571 
 
 8-0633 
 
 10 
 
 22-6465 
 
 18-9781 
 
 16-2307 
 
 14-1210 
 
 60 
 
 9-7366 
 
 9-0179 
 
 8-3848 
 
 7-8244 
 
 11 
 
 22-4749 
 
 18-8632 
 
 16-1510 
 
 14-0638 
 
 61 
 
 9-3804 
 
 8-7075 
 
 8-1128 
 
 7-5847 
 
 12 
 
 22-2969 
 
 18-7430 
 
 16-0668 
 
 14-0028 
 
 62 
 
 9-0281 
 
 8-3992 
 
 7-8414 
 
 7-3446 
 
 13 
 
 22-1146 
 
 18-6190 
 
 1^-9795 
 
 13-9392 
 
 63 
 
 8-6802 
 
 8-0933 
 
 7-5711 
 
 7-1044 
 
 14 
 
 21-9301 
 
 18-4930 
 
 15-8904 
 
 13-8742 
 
 64 
 
 8-3370 
 
 7-7902 
 
 7-3021 
 
 6-8646 
 
 15 
 
 21-7433 
 
 18-3650 
 
 15-7997 
 
 13-8077 
 
 65 
 
 7-9989 
 
 7-4903 
 
 7-0348 
 
 6-6254 
 
 16 
 
 21-5541 
 
 18-2348 
 
 15-7071 
 
 13-7398 
 
 66 
 
 7-6662 
 
 7-1940 
 
 6-7697 
 
 6-3872 
 
 17 
 
 21-3627 
 
 18-1025 
 
 15-6128 
 
 13-6704 
 
 67 
 
 7-3393 
 
 6-9016 
 
 6-5071 
 
 6-1504 
 
 18 
 
 21-1689 
 
 17-9680 
 
 15-5166 
 
 13-5995 
 
 68 
 
 7-0186 
 
 6-6135 
 
 6-2474 
 
 5-9153 
 
 19 
 
 20-9727 
 
 17-8314 
 
 15-4185 
 
 13-5271 
 
 69 
 
 6-7042 
 
 6-3301 
 
 5-9909 
 
 5-6823 
 
 20 
 
 20-7740 
 
 17-6924 
 
 15-3184 
 
 13-4530 
 
 70 
 
 6-3966 
 
 6-0517 
 
 5-7379 
 
 5-4517 
 
 21 
 
 20-5729 
 
 17-5512 
 
 15-2164 
 
 13-3772 
 
 71 
 
 6-0960 
 
 5-7785 
 
 5-4889 
 
 5-2239 
 
 22 
 
 20-3693 
 
 17-4076 
 
 15-11-24 
 
 13-2998 
 
 72 
 
 5-8026 
 
 5-5109 
 
 5-2441 
 
 4-9993 
 
 23 
 
 20-1631 
 
 17-2616 
 
 15-0062 
 
 13-2206 
 
 73 
 
 5-5166 
 
 5-2492 
 
 6-0038 
 
 4-7780 
 
 24 
 
 19-9544 
 
 17-1131 
 
 14-8979 
 
 13-1396 
 
 74 
 
 5-2383 
 
 4-9935 
 
 4-7683 
 
 4-5605 
 
 25 
 
 19-7429 
 
 16-9622 
 
 14-7873 
 
 13-0567 
 
 75 
 
 4-9679 
 
 4-7442 
 
 4-5378 
 
 4-3470 
 
 26 
 
 19-5288 
 
 16-8086 
 
 14-6745 
 
 12-9718 
 
 76 
 
 4-7055 
 
 4-5015 
 
 4-3128 
 
 4-1378 
 
 27 
 
 19-3119 
 
 16-6523 
 
 14-5593 
 
 12-8850 
 
 77 
 
 4-4512 
 
 4-2655 
 
 4-0932 
 
 3-9331 
 
 28 
 
 19-0922 
 
 16-4933 
 
 14-4417 
 
 12-7960 
 
 78 
 
 4-2051 
 
 4-0364 
 
 3-8795 
 
 3-7333 
 
 29 
 
 18-8695 
 
 16-3315 
 
 14-3216 
 
 12-7049 
 
 79 
 
 3-9674 
 
 3-8144 
 
 3-6717 
 
 3-5384 
 
 30 
 
 18-6439 
 
 16-1668 
 
 14-1988 
 
 12-6115 
 
 80 
 
 3-7380 
 
 3-5995 
 
 3-4700 
 
 3-3488 
 
 31 
 
 18-4152 
 
 15-9991 
 
 14-0733 
 
 12-5158 
 
 81 
 
 3-5170 
 
 3-3918 
 
 3-2746 
 
 3-1645 
 
 32 
 
 18-1834 
 
 15-8283 
 
 13-9450 
 
 12-4176 
 
 82 
 
 3-3044 
 
 3-1915 
 
 3-0856 
 
 2-9858 
 
 33 
 
 17-9483 
 
 15-6542 
 
 13-8138 
 
 12-3168 
 
 83 
 
 3-1001 
 
 2-9985 
 
 2-9029 
 
 2-8127 
 
 34 
 
 17-7098 
 
 15-4768 
 
 13-6795 
 
 12-2134 
 
 84 
 
 2-9042 
 
 2-8129 
 
 2-7268 
 
 2-6454 
 
 35 
 
 17-4678 
 
 15-2960 
 
 13-5420 
 
 12-1071 
 
 85 
 
 2-7165 
 
 2-6347 
 
 2-5573 
 
 2-4840 
 
 36 
 
 17-2222 
 
 15-1115 
 
 13-4012 
 
 11-9979 
 
 86 
 
 2-5370 
 
 2-4638 
 
 2-3943 
 
 2-3285 
 
 37 
 
 16-9728 
 
 14-9232 
 
 13-2568 
 
 11-8855 
 
 87 
 
 2-3656 
 
 2-3001 
 
 2-2380 
 
 2-1789 
 
 38 
 
 16-7195 
 
 14-7310 
 
 13-1088 
 
 11-7698 
 
 88 
 
 2-2021 
 
 2-1437 
 
 2-0882 
 
 2-0353 
 
 39 
 
 16-4621 
 
 14-5346 
 
 12-9569 
 
 11-6506 
 
 89 
 
 2-0464 
 
 1-9944 
 
 1-9449 
 
 1-8976 
 
 40 
 
 16-2004 
 
 14-3340 
 
 12-8009 
 
 11-5276 
 
 90 
 
 1-8983 
 
 1-8521 
 
 1-8080 
 
 1-7659 
 
 41 
 
 15-9343 
 
 14-1287 
 
 12-6405 
 
 11-4008 
 
 91 
 
 1-7577 
 
 1-7167 
 
 1-6776 
 
 1-6401 
 
 42 
 
 15-6634 
 
 13-9187 
 
 12-4756 
 
 11-2697 
 
 92 
 
 1-6244 
 
 1-5881 
 
 1-5534 
 
 1-5201 
 
 43 
 
 15-3875 
 
 13-7036 
 
 12-3058 
 
 11-1342 
 
 93 
 
 1-4982 
 
 1-4661 
 
 1-4354 
 
 1-4059 
 
 44 
 
 15-1065 
 
 13-4831 
 
 12-1309 
 
 10-9938 
 
 94 
 
 1-3788 
 
 1-3506 
 
 1-3235 
 
 1-2974 
 
 45 
 
 14-8199 
 
 13-2569 
 
 11-9506 
 
 10-8484 
 
 95 
 
 1-2662 
 
 1-2414 
 
 1-2174 
 
 1-1944 
 
 46 
 
 14-5275 
 
 13-0248 
 
 11-7642 
 
 10-6974 
 
 96 
 
 1-1601 
 
 1-1383 
 
 1-1172 
 
 1-0969 
 
 47 
 
 14-2289 
 
 12-7862 
 
 11-5717 
 
 10-5405 
 
 97 
 
 1-0602 
 
 1-0411 
 
 1-0226 
 
 1-0048 
 
 48 
 
 13-9238 
 
 12-5408 
 
 11-3724 
 
 10-3773 
 
 98 
 
 -9664 
 
 •9497 
 
 -9335 
 
 •9178 
 
 4S 
 
 13-6117 
 
 12-2881 
 
 11-1660 
 
 10-2071 
 
 9S 
 
 •8785 
 
 •8639 
 
 -8497 
 
 •8360 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 4. 
 
 Shewing the values of Annuity of £l depending on the co-existence or joint 
 
 continuance of two lives oi equal ages. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Secant 
 
 4 ^ cent 
 
 5^ cent 
 
 6<P'£ent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 accent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 5 y cent 
 
 6!t?^cent 
 
 0-0 
 
 1-1 
 
 2-2 
 3-3 
 4-4 
 5-5 
 6-6 
 7-7 
 8-8 
 9-9 
 10-10 
 11-11 
 12-12 
 13-13 
 14-14 
 15-15 
 16-16 
 17-17 
 18-18 
 19-19 
 20-20 
 21-21 
 22-22 
 23-2.3 
 24-24 
 25-25 
 26-26 
 37-27 
 28-28 
 29-29 
 30-30 
 31-31 
 32-32 
 33-33 
 34-34 
 35-35 
 36-36 
 37-37 
 38-38 
 39-39 
 40-40 
 41-41 
 42-42 
 43-43 
 44-44 
 45-45 
 46-46 
 47-47 
 48-48 
 '49^9 
 
 11-5474 
 14-1396 
 16-1444 
 17-5678 
 18-4957 
 19-0356 
 19-2864 
 19-3281 
 19-2205 
 19-0507 
 18-8736 
 18-6888 
 18-4961 
 18-2987 
 18-1001 
 17-9003 
 17-6993 
 17-4972 
 17-2939 
 17-0895 
 16-8839 
 16-6771 
 16-4692 
 16-2601 
 16-0497 
 15-8382 
 15-6254 
 15-4114 
 15-1960 
 14-9793 
 14-7611 
 14-5415 
 14-3203 
 14-0975 
 13-8730 
 13-6466 
 13-4182 
 13-1877 
 12-9550 
 12-7197 
 12-4818 
 12-2410 
 11-9970 
 11-7494 
 11-4980 
 11-2424 
 10-9822 
 10-7168 
 10-4456 
 10-1682 
 
 9-8586 
 12-0509 
 13-7537 
 14-9718 
 15-7761 
 16-2555 
 16-4918 
 16-5513 
 16-4836 
 16-3626 
 16-2351 
 16-1008 
 15-9593 
 15-8135 
 15-6663 
 15-5178 
 15-3678 
 15-2165 
 15-0639 
 14-9098 
 14-7544 
 14-5976 
 14-4393 
 14-2796 
 14-1185 
 13-9559 
 13-7918 
 13-6262 
 13-4589 
 13-2901 
 13-1195 
 12-9472 
 12-7731 
 12-5970 
 12-4190 
 12-2388 
 12-0564 
 11-8716 
 11-6842 
 11-4941 
 11-3010 
 11-1048 
 10-9050 
 10-7015 
 10-4939 
 10-2818 
 10-0647 
 9-8422 
 9-6136 
 9-3784 
 
 8-5738 
 10-4593 
 11-9283 
 12-9851 
 13-6899 
 14-1177 
 14-3375 
 14-4053 
 14-3631 
 14-2744 
 14-1802 
 14-0799 
 13-9733 
 13-8627 
 13-7508 
 13-6375 
 13-5229 
 13-4070 
 13-2896 
 13-1709 
 130508 
 12-9292 
 12-8063 
 12-6819 
 12-5560 
 12-4286 
 12-2997 
 12-1692 
 12-0371 
 11-9033 
 11-7678 
 11-6305 
 11-4914 
 11-3503 
 11-2071 
 11-0618 
 10-9143 
 10-7643 
 10-6117 
 10-4563 
 10-2980 
 10-1364 
 9-9714 
 9-8026 
 9-6297 
 9-4522 
 9-2698 
 9-0819 
 8-8879 
 8-6872 
 
 7-5726 
 
 9-2175 
 
 10-5019 
 
 11-4301 
 
 12-0539 
 
 12-4378 
 
 12-6412 
 
 12-7120 
 
 12-6863 
 
 12-6198 
 
 12-5483 
 
 12-4716 
 
 12-3892 
 
 12-3033 
 
 12-2162 
 
 12-1278 
 
 12-0382 
 
 11-9473 
 
 11-8552 
 
 11-7617 
 
 11-6670 
 
 11-5709 
 
 11-4734 
 
 11-3746 
 
 11-2745 
 
 11-1729 
 
 11-0698 
 
 10-9652 
 
 10-8591 
 
 10-7514 
 
 10-6421 
 
 10-5311 
 
 10-4183 
 
 10-3036 
 
 10-1870 
 
 10-0683 
 
 9-9475 
 
 9-8243 
 
 9-6986 
 
 9-5703 
 
 9-4392 
 
 9-3049 
 
 9-1673 
 
 9-0261 
 
 8-8808 
 
 8-7312 
 
 8-5768 
 
 8-4170 
 
 8-2513 
 
 8-0790 
 
 50-50 
 51-51 
 52-62 
 53-63 
 54-54 
 55-55 
 56-56 
 57-57 
 58-58 
 59-59 
 60-60 
 61-61 
 62-62 
 63-63 
 64^64 
 65-65 
 66-66 
 67-67 
 68-68 
 69-69 
 70-70 
 71-71 
 72-72 
 73-73 
 74-74 
 75-75 
 76-76 
 77-77 
 78-78 
 79-79 
 80-80 
 81-81 
 82-82 
 83-83 
 84-84 
 85-85 
 86-86 
 87-87 
 88-88 
 89-89 
 90-90 
 91-91 
 92-92 
 93-93 
 94r-94 
 95-95 
 96-96 
 97-97 
 98-98 
 99-99 
 
 ■8837 
 •5913 
 •2902 
 •9793 
 ■6576 
 •3234 
 •9855 
 •6530 
 •3264 
 ■0059 
 ■6918 
 ■3844 
 0841 
 7910 
 5054 
 ■2274 
 ■9573 
 ■6952 
 ■4412 
 ■1955 
 ■9581 
 ■7290 
 ■5083 
 ■2961 
 0921 
 8965 
 7092 
 5300 
 3589 
 1957 
 0403 
 8925 
 7622 
 6192 
 4933 
 3742 
 2619 
 1560 
 0564 
 9628 
 8761 
 7930 
 7163 
 6448 
 5782 
 6165 
 4594 
 4066 
 3581 
 3136 
 
 9-1358 
 
 8-8849 
 
 8-6249 
 
 8-3546 
 
 8-0728 
 
 7-7781 
 
 7-4784 
 
 7-1822 
 
 6-8900 
 
 6-6021 
 
 6-3189 
 
 6-0407 
 
 5-7677 
 
 5-5003 
 
 5-2388 
 
 4-9834 
 
 4-7344 
 
 4-4919 
 
 4-2562 
 
 4-0274 
 
 3-8057 
 
 3-5911 
 
 3-3837 
 
 3-1837 
 
 2-9910 
 
 2-8057 
 
 2-6277 
 
 2-4571 
 
 2-2937 
 
 2-1376 
 
 1-9886 
 
 1-8466 
 
 1-7115 
 
 1-5831 
 
 1-4614 
 
 1-3461 
 
 1-2371 
 
 1-1343 
 
 1-0373 
 
 •9462 
 
 •8605 
 
 •7803 
 
 •7063 
 
 •6352 
 
 •5700 
 
 •6094 
 
 •4533 
 
 •4014 
 
 •3537 
 
 -3098 
 
 8-4790 
 
 ■2625 
 
 8-0367 
 
 7-8005 
 
 7-5525 
 
 7-2914 
 
 7-0242 
 
 6-7592 
 
 6-4967 
 
 6-2371 
 
 5-9807 
 
 5-7279 
 
 6-4790 
 
 6-2344 
 
 4-9942 
 
 4-7590 
 
 4-5288 
 
 4-3039 
 
 4-0846 
 
 3-8711 
 
 3-6635 
 
 3-4621 
 
 3-2669 
 
 3-0781 
 
 2-8957 
 
 2-7199 
 
 2-6506 
 
 2-3880 
 
 2-2319 
 
 2-0823 
 
 9393 
 
 1-8027 
 
 1-6725 
 
 1-5486 
 
 1-4308 
 
 1-3191 
 
 1-2133 
 
 1-1133 
 
 1-0190 
 
 ■9301 
 
 ■8465 
 
 ■7680 
 
 '6946 
 
 ■6260 
 
 ■5620 
 
 ■6025 
 
 •4473 
 
 ■3963 
 
 ■3493 
 
 •3061 
 
 7-8993 
 
 7-7114 
 
 7-6143 
 
 7-3068 
 
 7-0875 
 
 6-8550 
 
 6-6158 
 
 6-3777 
 
 6-1410 
 
 5-9060 
 
 5-6730 
 
 5-4426 
 
 5-2149 
 
 4 9904 
 
 4-7692 
 
 4-5519 
 
 4-3385 
 
 4-1295 
 
 3-9250 
 
 3-7264 
 
 3-5307 
 
 3-3413 
 
 3-1573 
 
 2-9788 
 
 2-8059 
 
 2-6389 
 
 2-4777 
 
 2-3224 
 
 21730 
 
 2-0297 
 
 1-8922 
 
 1-7608 
 
 1-6352 
 
 1-5154 
 
 1-4014 
 
 1-2931 
 
 1-1904 
 
 1-0931 
 
 1-0012 
 
 •9145 
 
 •8328 
 
 -7561 
 
 -6842 
 
 -6169 
 
 -5542 
 
 -4958 
 
 -4416 
 
 •3913 
 
 -3450J 
 
 -30251 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 5. 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives. 
 Difference of age Five years. 
 
 Ages. 3 V cent 4 ^ cent 
 
 0-5 
 1-6 
 2-7 
 3-8 
 4-9 
 5-10 
 6-11 
 7-12 
 8-13 
 9-14 
 10-15 
 11-16 
 12-17 
 13-18 
 14-19 
 15-20 
 16-21 
 17-22 
 18-23 
 19-24 
 20-25 
 21-26 
 22-27 
 23-28 
 24-29 
 25-30 
 26-31 
 27-32 
 28-33 
 29-34 
 30-35 
 31-36 
 32-37 
 33-38 
 34-39 
 35-40 
 36-41 
 37-42 
 38-43 
 39-44 
 40-45 
 41-46 
 42-47 
 43-48 
 44-45 
 45-50 
 46-51 
 47-51 
 
 14-8036 
 
 16-4985 
 
 17-6514 
 
 18-3619 
 
 18-7566 
 
 18-9389 
 
 18-9691 
 
 18-8907 
 
 18-7367 
 
 18-5516 
 
 18-3624 
 
 18-1688 
 
 17-9707 
 
 17-7697 
 
 17-5675 
 
 17-3642 
 
 17-1596 
 
 16-9539 
 
 16-7469 
 
 16-5388 
 
 16-3294 
 
 16-1188 
 
 15-9069 
 
 15-6938 
 
 15-4793 
 
 15-2635 
 
 15-0463 
 
 14-8276 
 
 14-6074 
 
 14-3856 
 
 14-1621 
 
 13-9368 
 
 13-7097 
 
 13-4805 
 
 13-2491 
 
 13-0154 
 
 12-7791 
 
 12-5401 
 
 12-2981 
 
 12-0529 
 
 11-8041 
 
 11-5514 
 
 11-2944 
 
 11-0326 
 
 10-7656 
 
 10-4929 
 
 10-2137 
 
 9-9273 
 
 5 F cent 
 
 12-6406 
 14-0868 
 15-0796 
 15-7015 
 16-0581 
 16-2361 
 16-2854 
 16-2425 
 16-1346 
 15-9998 
 15-8612 
 15-7185 
 15-5716 
 15-4218 
 15-2707 
 15-1182 
 14-9642 
 14-8089 
 14-6521 
 14-4939 
 14-3342 
 14-1730 
 14-0104 
 13-8462 
 13-6804 
 13-5130 
 13-3439 
 13-1731 
 13-0005 
 12-8260 
 12-6496 
 12-4711 
 12-2904 
 12-1075 
 11-9221 
 11-7341 
 11-5432 
 11-3494 
 11-1523 
 10-9516 
 10-7471 
 10-5384 
 10-3252 
 10-1069 
 9-8830 
 9-6531 
 9-4163 
 9-1721 
 
 6 ^cent 
 
 10-9855 
 12-2375 
 13-1030 
 13-6518 
 13-9740 
 14-1433 
 14-2021 
 14-1814 
 14-1041 
 14-0034 
 13-8991 
 13-7913 
 13-6796 
 13-5652 
 13-4495 
 13-3324 
 13-2139 
 13-0940 
 12-9726 
 12-8498 
 12-7256 
 12-5998 
 12-47251 
 12-3436 
 12-2131 
 12-0810 
 11-9472 
 11-8116 
 11-6742 
 11-5349 
 11-3936 
 11-2502 
 11-1046 
 10-9567 
 10-8063 
 10-6533 
 10-4974 
 10-3386 
 10-1764 
 10-0106 
 9-8411 
 9-6673 
 9-4888 
 9-3054 
 9-1163 
 8-9211 
 8-7190 
 8-5094 
 
 9-6899 
 10-7875 
 11-5504 
 12-0387 
 12-3304 
 12-4894 
 12-5523 
 12-5456 
 12-4891 
 12-4119 
 12-3317 
 12-2482 
 12-1613 
 12-0720 
 11-9814 
 11-8895 
 11-7963 
 11-7018 
 11-6060 
 11-5088 
 11-4102 
 11-3102 
 11-2087 
 11-1058 
 11-0014 
 10-8954 
 10-7877 
 10-6784 
 10-5674 
 10-4546 
 10-3398 
 10-2231 
 10-1043 
 9-9832 
 9-8598 
 9-7338 
 9-6052 
 9-4736 
 9-3388 
 9-2007 
 9-0588 
 8-9129 
 8-7624 
 8-6071 
 8-4463 
 8-2795 
 8-1059 
 7-9249 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 48-53 
 
 49-54 
 
 50-55 
 
 51-56 
 
 52-57 
 
 53-58 
 
 54-59 
 
 55-60 
 
 56-61 
 
 57-62 
 
 58-63 
 
 59-64 
 
 60-65 
 
 61-66 
 
 62-67 
 
 63-68 
 
 64-69 
 
 6^70 
 
 66-71 
 
 67-72 
 
 68-73 
 
 69-74 
 
 60-75 
 
 71-76 
 
 72-77 
 
 73-78 
 
 74-79 
 
 75-80 
 
 76-81 
 
 77-82 
 
 78-83 
 
 79-84 
 
 80-85 
 
 81-86 
 
 82-87 
 
 83-88 
 
 84^89 
 
 85-90 
 
 86-91 
 
 87-92 
 
 88-93 
 
 89-94 
 
 90-95 
 
 91-96 
 
 92-97 
 
 93-98 
 
 94-99 
 
 95-100 
 
 4^cent 
 
 S^cent 6'P'cent 
 
 6331 
 
 3299 
 
 0170 
 
 6983 
 
 3787 
 
 0579 
 
 7356 
 
 4113 
 
 0892 
 
 7734 
 
 46436 
 
 16215 
 
 '86705 
 
 ■57945 
 
 0272|4- 
 76304 
 50694 
 25904 
 01943 
 
 9- 
 
 9 
 
 9- 
 
 8- 
 
 8- 
 
 8- 
 
 7- 
 
 7' 
 
 7- 
 
 6- 
 
 6' 
 
 6- 
 
 5- 
 
 5 
 
 5"2994'5 
 
 5- 
 
 4- 
 
 4- 
 
 4 
 
 4' 
 
 3 
 
 7882 
 5653 
 3508 
 1447 
 
 2, 
 
 2-9470:2 
 2-7575,2 
 2 
 
 57622 
 40292 
 
 2377 
 0802 
 9305 
 7882 
 6533 
 52561 
 
 4047 
 2906 
 1831 
 0819 
 9867 
 ■8975 
 8139 
 •7358 
 ■6630 
 •5952 
 •5322 
 ■4739 
 •4200 
 ■3704 
 
 9195 
 6576 
 3854 
 1066 
 ■8255 
 ■5420 
 •2557 
 ■9661 
 •6771 
 •3926 
 ■1130 
 •8386 
 •5698 
 •3067 
 •0497 
 •7990 
 •5548 
 •3173 
 -0867 
 -8630 
 6465 
 4373 
 2353 
 0407 
 8535 
 6736 
 5011 
 •3358 
 •1778 
 •0269 
 •8831 
 •7462 
 •6161 
 -4926 
 -3757 
 -2651 
 -1606 
 -0622 
 -9695 
 -8824 
 ■8008 
 -7244 
 •6531 
 -5866 
 -5248 
 -4675 
 -4146 
 -3658 
 
 8-2913 7-7355 
 8 
 
 X 
 
 06387-5367 
 8257|7-3274 
 5805i7-1106 
 33216-8901 
 0803,6-6656 
 8249 6-4366 
 5652'6-2028 
 3048!5-9673 
 04755-7338 
 5-7938'5-5027 
 5-5438'5-2742 
 
 2980 5-0488 
 0567 4-8268 
 82014-6084 
 58854-3940 
 4-36224-1838 
 4-14153-9781 
 
 ;i. 
 
 3-92643-7772 
 3-71733-5812 
 
 3-514213-3904 
 3 
 
 ,1; 
 
 2-4299,2-3625 
 
 2- 
 
 2- 
 
 1' 
 
 .1. 
 
 3174'3-2049 
 ■12693-0250 
 -94292-8506 
 765312-6821 
 59432-5193 
 
 27212-2116 
 1208 2-0666 
 
 9761 
 8378 
 7060 
 5804 
 4611 
 3478 
 2405 
 1390 
 0431 
 9528 
 ■8678 
 ■7881 
 ■7133 
 •6435 
 •5783 
 ■5176 
 •4614 
 -4093 
 -3612 
 
 1-9276 
 
 1-7946 
 
 1-6675 
 
 1-5462 
 
 1-4307 
 
 1-3210 
 
 2168 
 
 1181 
 
 0248 
 
 9367 
 
 8537 
 
 7757 
 
 7026 
 
 •6341 
 
 5702 
 
 •5106 
 
 •4553 
 
 •4041 
 
 ■3568 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 6, 
 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives. 
 
 Difieience of age Ten years. 
 
 ■Ages. 
 
 S^cent 
 
 4^cent 
 
 5 W'cent 
 
 6#'oent 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 4 'f cent 
 
 5#'cent 
 
 6 f cent 
 
 0-10 
 
 1-11 
 
 2-12 
 
 3-13 
 
 4-14 
 
 5-15 
 
 6-16 
 
 7-17 
 
 8-18 
 
 9-19 
 
 10-20 
 
 11-21 
 
 12-22 
 
 13-23 
 
 14-24 
 
 15-25 
 
 16-26 
 
 17-27 
 
 18-28 
 
 19-29 
 
 20-30 
 
 21-31 
 
 22-32 
 
 23-33 
 
 24-34 
 
 25-35 
 
 26-36 
 
 27-37 
 
 28-38 
 
 29-39 
 
 30^0 
 
 31-41 
 
 32-42 
 
 33-43 
 
 34-44 
 
 35-45 
 
 36-46 
 
 37-47 
 
 38-48 
 
 39-49 
 
 40-50 
 
 41-51 
 
 42-52 
 
 43-53 
 
 44-54 
 
 7132 
 ■2070 
 ■2276 
 ■8720 
 ■2349 
 ■3938 
 ■4078 
 ■3196 
 ■1596 
 '9695 
 ■7752 
 5766 
 3736 
 1676 
 9604 
 ■7519 
 ■5420 
 ■3308 
 ■1183 
 ■9044 
 ■6890 
 ■4723 
 ■2540 
 •0341 
 ■8126 
 5893 
 3643 
 1374 
 ■9084 
 ■6773 
 ■4439 
 2080 
 9694 
 7280 
 4834 
 2355 
 9838 
 7281 
 4679 
 2029 
 9325 
 6562 
 3734 
 0832 
 7851 
 
 12-6177 
 13-8995 
 14-7842 
 15-3526 
 15-6838 
 15-8426 
 15-8781 
 15-8265 
 15-7129 
 15-5730 
 15-4292 
 15-2814 
 15-1294 
 14-9745 
 14-8180 
 14-6601 
 14-5007 
 14-3396 
 14-1770 
 14-0128 
 13-8469 
 13-6793 
 13-5099 
 13-3387 
 13-1656 
 12-9905 
 12-8134 
 12-6341 
 12-4525 
 12-2684 
 12-0819 
 11-8925 
 11-7002 
 11-5048 
 11-3060 
 11-1035 
 10-8970 
 10-6861 
 10-4705 
 10-2498 
 10-0233 
 9-7905 
 9-5509 
 9-3035 
 9-0477 
 
 11-0016 
 12-1161 
 12-8912 
 13-3959 
 13-6974 
 13-8508 
 13-8981 
 13-8698 
 13-7874 
 13-6820 
 13-5730 
 13-4604 
 13-3440 
 13-2248 
 13-1041 
 12-9820 
 12-8583 
 12-7330 
 12-6062 
 12-4777 
 12-3475 
 12-2156 
 12-0820 
 11-9465 
 11-8091 
 11-6697 
 11-5282 
 11-3845 
 11-2385 
 11-0901 
 10-9391 
 10-7853 
 10-6286 
 10-4687 
 10-3053 
 10-1383 
 9-9673 
 9-7919 
 9-6118 
 9-4264 
 9-2352 
 9-0378 
 8-8333 
 8-6210 
 8-4002 
 
 9-7284 
 
 10-7086 
 
 11-3945 
 
 11-8457 
 
 12-1204 
 
 12-2662 
 
 12-3193 
 
 12-3061 
 
 12-2452 
 
 12-1639 
 
 12-0795 
 
 11-9918 
 
 11-9006 
 
 11-8070 
 
 11-7120 
 
 11-6156 
 
 11-5178 
 
 11-4185 
 
 11-3177 
 
 11-2154 
 
 11-1115 
 
 11-0060 
 
 10-8988 
 
 10-7898 
 
 10-6791 
 
 10-5664 
 
 10-4518 
 
 10-3351 
 
 10-2162 
 
 10-0950 
 
 9-9714 
 
 9-8450 
 
 9-7159 
 
 9-5837 
 
 9-4482 
 
 9-3092 
 
 9-1663 
 
 9-0191 
 
 8-8673 
 
 8-7105 
 
 8-5480 
 
 8-3793 
 
 8-2037 
 
 8-0204 
 
 7-8285 
 
 45-55 
 46-56 
 47-57 
 48-58 
 49-59 
 50-60 
 51-61 
 52-62 
 53-63 
 54-64 
 65-65 
 56-66 
 57-67 
 58-68 
 59-69 
 60-70 
 61-71 
 62-72 
 63-73 
 64-74 
 65-75 
 66-76 
 67-77 
 68-78 
 69-79 
 70-80 
 71-81 
 72-82 
 73-83 
 74-84 
 75-85 
 76-86 
 77-87 
 78-88 
 79-89 
 80-90 
 81-91 
 82-92 
 83-93 
 84-94 
 85-95 
 86-96 
 87-97 
 88-98 
 89-99 
 
 ■4780 
 •1666 
 •8560 
 -5464 
 -2377 
 -9301 
 •6234 
 -3177 
 -0128 
 -7083 
 -4040 
 •1031 
 •8096 
 •5234 
 -2450 
 •9744 
 •7118 
 •4573 
 -2110 
 •9730 
 •7434 
 •5222 
 •3094 
 •1050 
 ■9088 
 ■7210 
 ■5413 
 ■3696 
 2059 
 ■0500 
 9018 
 7610 
 6275 
 5011 
 3816 
 2689 
 1626 
 0626 
 ■9686 
 ■8805 
 7981 
 7210 
 6492 
 5824 
 5203 
 
 •7825 
 •5120 
 •2410 
 •9697 
 •6980 
 •4261 
 •1538 
 •8811 
 •6078 
 •3337 
 •0583 
 •7850 
 •5173 
 •2554 
 •9996 
 •7502 
 •5073 
 •2711 
 •0419 
 •8197 
 •6046 
 •3968 
 •1963 
 ■0031 
 ■8173 
 ■6389 
 '4678 
 3040 
 1474 
 9979 
 8555 
 7199 
 5912 
 4690 
 3533 
 2439 
 1407 
 0434 
 9518 
 8659 
 7853 
 7099 
 6396 
 5740 
 5132 
 
 8-1697 
 7-9334 
 7-6957 
 7-4566 
 7-2163 
 6-9748 
 6-7319 
 6-4876 
 6-2417 
 5-9940 
 5-7440 
 5-4949 
 5-2499 
 5-0095 
 4-7739 
 4-5434 
 4-3181 
 4-0985 
 3-8846 
 3-6767 
 3-4748 
 3-2792 
 3-0900 
 2-9072 
 2-7310 
 2-5613 
 2-3982 
 2-2417 
 2-0917 
 1-9483 
 1-8113 
 1-6807 
 1-5563 
 1-4382 
 1-3261 
 1-2199 
 1-1196 
 1-0248 
 9356 
 ■8517 
 ■7729 
 ■6991 
 6302 
 ■5659 
 ■5062 
 
 7-6270 
 7-4194 
 7-2098 
 6-9981 
 6-7846 
 6-5690 
 6-3514 
 6-1317 
 5-9097 
 5-6850 
 5-4573 
 5-2294 
 5-0047 
 4-7833 
 4-5657 
 4-3521 
 4-1428 
 3-9380 
 3-7380 
 3-5431 
 3-3533 
 3-1689 
 2-9901 
 2-8169 
 2-6494 
 2-4878 
 2-3322 
 2-1824 
 2-0387 
 1-9009 
 1-7690 
 1-6431 
 1-5229 
 1-4086 
 1-2999 
 1-1968 
 1-0992 
 1-0069 
 9199 
 8379 
 ■7609 
 '6887 
 6211 
 '5581 
 '4994 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 7. 
 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives. 
 
 Difference of age Fifteen years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 0-15 
 1-16 
 2-17 
 3-1 
 4-19 
 5-20 
 6-21 
 7-22 
 8-23 
 9-24 
 10-25 
 11-26 
 12-27 
 13-28 
 14-29 
 15-30 
 16-31 
 17-32 
 18-33 
 19-34 
 20-35 
 21-36 
 22-37 
 23-38 
 24-39 
 25-40 
 26-41 
 27-42 
 28-43 
 29-44 
 30^5 
 31-16 
 32-47 
 33-48 
 34-49 
 35-50 
 36-51 
 37-52 
 38-53 
 39-54 
 40-55 
 41-56 
 42-57 
 
 3#'cent 
 
 14-2776 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 15-7092 
 16-6836 
 17-2948 
 17-6334 
 17-7745 
 17-7753 
 17-6774 
 17-5099 
 17-3132 
 17-1123 
 16-9071 
 16-6974 
 16-4846 
 16-2703 
 16-0544 
 15-8370 
 15-6179 
 15-3972 
 15-1746 
 14-9503 
 14-7240 
 14-4957 
 14-2652 
 14-0325 
 13-7973 
 13-5596 
 13-3191 
 13-0757 
 12-8290 
 12-5788 
 12-3250 
 12-0670 
 11-8045 
 11-5371 
 11-2644 
 10-9858 
 10-7008 
 10-4086 
 10-1086 
 9-7998 
 9-4872 
 9-1762 
 
 dV'cent 
 
 12-3063 
 
 13-5420 
 
 14-3920 
 
 14-9351 
 
 15-2473 
 
 15-3916 
 
 15-4161 
 
 15-3557 
 
 15-23.50 
 
 15-0886 
 
 14-9383 
 
 14-7839 
 
 14-6251 
 
 14-4633 
 
 14-2998 
 
 14-1345 
 
 13-9674 
 
 13-7984 
 
 13-6276 
 
 13-4547 
 
 13-2797 
 
 13-1025 
 
 12-9231 
 
 12-7413 
 
 12-5570 
 
 12-3700 
 
 12-1801 
 
 11-9872 
 
 11-7911 
 
 11-5915 
 
 11-3881 
 
 11-1807 
 
 10-9689 
 
 10-7523 
 
 10-5306 
 
 10-3031 
 
 10-0694 
 
 9-8288 
 
 9-5807 
 
 9-3242 
 
 9-0585 
 
 8-7880 
 
 8-5178 
 
 6#'cent 
 
 10-7721 
 11-8514 
 12-6000 
 13-0851 
 13-3717 
 13-5134 
 13-5515 
 13-5157 
 13-4270 
 13-3157 
 13-2008 
 13-0821 
 12-9595 
 12-8340 
 12-7068 
 12-5778 
 12-4470 
 12-3144 
 12-1799 
 12-0433 
 11-9047 
 11-7639 
 11-6209 
 11-4754 
 11-3274 
 11-1768 
 11-0233 
 10-8668 
 10-7070 
 10-5438 
 10-3768 
 10-2057 
 10-0302 
 9-8499 
 9-6644 
 9-4731 
 9-2755 
 9-0710 
 8-8588 
 8-6381 
 8-4080 
 8-1725 
 7-9362 
 
 9-5544 
 10-5072 
 11-1723 
 11-6081 
 11-8709 
 12-0072 
 12-0527 
 12-0332 
 11-9669 
 11-8804 
 11-7908 
 11-6978 
 11-6012 
 11-5020 
 11-4012 
 11-2987 
 11-1946 
 11-0888 
 10-9811 
 10-8716 
 10-7601 
 10-6466 
 10-5310 
 10-4130 
 10-2927 
 10-1698 
 10-0443 
 9-9158 
 9-7843 
 9-6494 
 9-510§ 
 9-3684 
 9-2218 
 9-0704 
 8-9139 
 8-7519 
 8-5836 
 8-4085 
 8-2258 
 8-0347 
 7-8341 
 7-6278 
 7-4201 
 
 43-58 
 
 44-59 
 
 45-60 
 
 46-61 
 
 47-62 
 
 48-63 
 
 49-64 
 
 50-65 
 
 51-66 
 
 52-67 
 
 53-68 
 
 54-69 
 
 55-70 
 
 56-71 
 
 57-72 
 
 58-73 
 
 59-74 
 
 60-75 
 
 61-76 
 
 62-77 
 
 63-78 
 
 64-79 
 
 65-80 
 
 66-81 
 
 67-82 
 
 68-83 
 
 69-84 
 
 70-85 
 
 71-86 
 
 72-87 
 
 73-88 
 
 74-89 
 
 75-90 
 
 76-91 
 
 77-92 
 
 78-93 
 
 79-94 
 
 80-95 
 
 81-96 
 
 82-97 
 
 83-98 
 
 84-99 
 
 8a-loo 
 
 S^cent 
 
 -8670 
 
 -5598 
 
 •2548 
 
 ■9523 
 
 -6523 
 
 •3550 
 
 -0606 
 
 '7690 
 
 ■4804 
 
 ■1946 
 
 ■9115 
 
 •6309 
 
 3523 
 
 0786 
 
 8129 
 
 5552 
 
 3057 
 
 0645 
 
 8317 
 
 6072 
 
 3911 
 
 1834 
 
 9841 
 
 7930 
 
 6102 
 
 4354 
 
 2686 
 
 1097 
 
 9585 
 
 8148 
 
 6785 
 
 5494 
 
 4273 
 
 3119 
 
 2031 
 
 1007 
 
 0044 
 
 9141 
 
 8295 
 
 7503 
 
 6765 
 
 6078 
 
 5439 
 
 4$" cent 
 
 -2479 
 
 -9787 
 
 •7103 
 
 -4429 
 
 •1767 
 
 •9118 
 
 •6484 
 
 •3865 
 
 -1262 
 
 -8674 
 
 ■6100 
 
 ■3537 
 
 ■0983 
 
 •8464 
 
 •6009 
 
 3621 
 
 •1302 
 
 9052 
 
 6873 
 
 4767 
 
 2733 
 
 0773 
 
 8887 
 
 7074 
 
 5334 
 
 3668 
 
 2074 
 
 0552 
 
 9100 
 
 7718 
 
 6404 
 
 5157 
 
 3975 
 
 ■2857 
 
 1801 
 
 0805 
 
 ■9867 
 
 •8986 
 
 •8160 
 
 7386 
 
 6663 
 
 5989 
 
 5363 
 
 5 lucent 
 
 -6993 
 
 ■4621 
 
 -2247 
 
 ■9872 
 
 ■7499 
 
 •5129 
 
 ■2762 
 
 ■0401 
 
 8044 
 
 5693 _ 
 
 3344 5 
 
 •0998 
 •8649 
 6323 
 4050 
 1832 
 9670 
 7568 
 5525 
 3545 
 1628 
 9775 
 ■798712 
 
 62652 
 
 ■4608 2 
 
 ■3017 
 
 ■1492 
 
 ■0033 
 
 ■8638 
 
 ■7307 
 
 6039 
 
 ■4834 
 
 3690 
 
 2605 
 
 1579 
 
 0610 
 
 ■9696 
 
 ■8837 
 
 ■8029 
 
 ■7272 
 
 •6564 
 
 5904 
 
 5289 
 
 ■2110 
 
 ■0009 
 
 ■7898 
 
 ■5779 
 
 ■3654 
 
 ■1524 
 
 •9390 
 
 ■7-253 
 
 ■5112 
 
 ■2968 
 
 -0820 
 
 -8664 
 
 -6498 
 
 -4346 
 
 ■2236 
 
 ■0170 
 
 ■8152 
 
 ■6182 
 
 ■4264 
 
 •2399 
 
 •0589 
 
 ■8835 
 
 •7138 
 
 ■5499 
 
 ■3920 
 
 •2399 
 
 •0938 
 
 •9537 
 
 •8196 
 
 ■6913 
 
 ■5689 
 
 ■4523 
 
 ■3415 
 
 •2362 
 
 ■1365 
 
 ■0422 
 
 ■9531 
 
 ■8692 
 
 7903 
 
 7162 
 
 6468 
 
 5821 
 
 5217 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 6. 
 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives. 
 
 Difference of age Twenty yeaxs. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 accent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 accent 
 
 6 #* cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 accent 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 0-20 
 
 1-21 
 
 2-22 
 
 3-23 
 
 4-24 
 
 5-25 
 
 6-26 
 
 7-27 
 
 8-28 
 
 9-29 
 
 10-30 
 
 11-31 
 
 12-32 
 
 13-33 
 
 14-34 
 
 15-35 
 
 16-36 
 
 17-37 
 
 18-38 
 
 19-39 
 
 20-40 
 
 21--tl 
 
 22-42 
 
 23-43 
 
 24-44 
 
 25-45 
 
 26-46 
 
 27-47 
 
 28-48 
 
 29-49 
 
 30-50 
 
 31-51 
 
 32-52 
 
 33-53 
 
 34-54 
 
 35-55 
 
 36-56 
 
 37-57 
 
 38-58 
 
 39-59 
 
 7874 
 1535 
 0778 
 6515 
 9623 
 0827 
 0680 
 9582 
 7813 
 5761 
 3665 
 1525 
 9336 
 7115 
 4874 
 2614 
 0332 
 •8028 
 ■5702 
 ■3351 
 ■0974 
 ■8569 
 ■6135 
 ■3670 
 ■1171 
 ■8635 
 •6060 
 ■3442 
 •0778 
 •8064 
 •5294 
 •2464 
 ■9568 
 ■6600 
 ■3552 
 •0417 
 •7243 
 •4089 
 •0955 
 •7845 
 
 9520 
 1390 
 9513 
 4655 
 7558 
 8832 
 8944 
 8234 
 6938 
 5391 
 3803 
 2172 
 0495 
 ■8784 
 ■7052 
 •5297 
 ■3520 
 ■1718 
 ■9891 
 ■8038 
 •6155 
 •4243 
 ■2299 
 ■0321 
 ■8307 
 ■6253 
 •4157 
 •2015 
 •9824 
 7580 
 5276 
 2909 
 0472 
 7958 
 5360 
 2669 
 9929 
 7194 
 4466 
 ■1747 
 
 10-5086 
 
 11-5511 
 
 12^2708 
 
 12^7334 
 
 13-0025 
 
 13-1305 
 
 13-1575 
 
 13-1125 
 
 13-0160 
 
 12-8971 
 
 12-7745 
 
 12-6479 
 
 12-5170 
 
 12-3830 
 
 12-2469 
 
 12-1086 
 
 11 •9680 
 
 11^8250 
 
 lb6794 
 
 11^5313 
 
 ir3803 
 
 11-2263 
 
 11-0692 
 
 10-9087 
 
 itff7445 
 
 10^5764 
 
 10^4042 
 
 10-2273 
 
 10-0455 
 
 9-8583 
 
 9-6651 
 
 9-4656 
 
 9-2589 
 
 9-0444 
 
 8-8214 
 
 8-5888 
 
 8-3508 
 
 8-1122 
 
 7-8732 
 
 7^6341 
 
 9-3533 
 
 10-2776 
 
 10-9201 
 
 ir3381 
 
 ir5869 
 
 11^7120 
 
 11 •7483 
 
 11^7211 
 
 11 •6480 
 
 ir5550 
 
 11-4586 
 
 11-3586 
 
 11-2548 
 
 11-1480 
 
 11-0393 
 
 10-9286 
 
 10-8157 
 
 10-7005 
 
 10-5830 
 
 10^4630 
 
 10-3404 
 
 10-2149 
 
 10^0865 
 
 9^9548 
 
 9^8196 
 
 9^6806 
 
 9^5377 
 
 9^3903 
 
 9^2381 
 
 9-0806 
 
 8-9174 
 
 8-7479 
 
 8-5714 
 
 8-3871 
 
 8-1943 
 
 7-9920 
 
 7-7839 
 
 7-5745 
 
 7-3640 
 
 7-1526 
 
 40-60 
 41-61 
 42-63 
 43-63 
 44-64 
 45-65 
 46-66 
 47-67 
 48-68 
 49-69 
 50-70 
 51-71 
 52-72 
 53-73 
 54-74 
 55-75 
 56-76 
 57-77 
 58-78 
 59-79 
 60-80 
 61-81 
 62-82 
 63-83 
 64-84 
 65-85 
 66-86 
 67-87 
 68-88 
 69-89 
 70-90 
 71-91 
 72-92 
 73-93 
 74-94 
 75-95 
 76-96 
 77-97 
 78-98 
 79-99 
 
 4763 
 1709 
 8688 
 5701 
 ■2751 
 9840 
 6971 
 4144 
 1362 
 8625 
 5935 
 3291 
 0693 
 •8139 
 •5627 
 •3153 
 ■0738 
 ■8406 
 ■6158 
 ■3994 
 •1914 
 •9917 
 ■8003 
 ■6171 
 ■4420 
 •2750 
 ■1158 
 ■9643 
 ■8203 
 ■6837 
 •5543 
 •4319 
 -3163 
 -2073 
 -1046 
 -0081 
 -9175 
 -8327 
 •7533 
 -6793 
 
 7-9040 
 7-6348 
 7-3673 
 7-1018 
 6-8386 
 6-5779 
 6-3198 
 6-0647 
 5-8126 
 5-5638 
 5-3182 
 5-0761 
 4-8372 
 4-6016 
 4-3690 
 4-1391 
 3-9138 
 3-6957 
 3-4848 
 3-2811 
 3-0848 
 2-8959 
 2-7143 
 2-5401 
 2-3732 
 2-2135 
 2-0610 
 1-9156 
 1-7771 
 1-6454 
 1-5205 
 1-4020 
 1-2900 
 1-1841 
 1-0843 
 -9903 
 -9020 
 8191 
 7415 
 6690 
 
 3951 
 1565 
 9186 
 6815 
 4456 
 2111 
 9781 
 7470 
 5178 
 2907 
 0660 
 8435 
 6234 
 4055 
 ■1896 
 9754 
 •7648 
 •5604 
 •3621 
 •1702 
 •9846 
 •8056 
 •6331 
 •4672 
 •3078 
 •1550 
 •0088 
 •8691 
 •7357 
 •6087 
 •4880 
 •3733 
 •2646 
 •1618 
 •0647 
 -9731 
 ■8869 
 •8060 
 •7301 
 •6591 
 
 9406 
 7281 
 5155 
 3029 
 0905 
 8787 
 6676 
 4574 
 2484 
 0406 
 8342 
 6293 
 4258 
 2238 
 0229 
 8230 
 6258 
 4338 
 ■2471 
 0659 
 ■8902 
 ■7203 
 •5562 
 •3980 
 ■2457 
 0994 
 9591 
 ■8247 
 ■6962 
 ■5736 
 •4568 
 •3457 
 ■2402 
 ■1403 
 •0457 
 -9565 
 -8724 
 •7932 
 •7190 
 •6495 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 9. 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives. 
 Difference of age Twmty-five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3#'cent 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 5#'cent 
 
 6$" cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 S^cent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 S^cept 
 
 0-25 
 
 1-26 
 
 2-27 
 
 3-28 
 
 4-29 
 
 5-30 
 
 6-31 
 
 7-32 
 
 8-33 
 
 9-34 
 
 10-35 
 
 11-36 
 
 12-37 
 
 13-38 
 
 14-39 
 
 15-40 
 
 16-41 
 
 17-42 
 
 18-43 
 
 19-44 
 
 20-45 
 
 21-46 
 
 22-47 
 
 23-48 
 
 24-49 
 
 25-50 
 
 26-51 
 
 27-52 
 
 28-53 
 
 29-54 
 
 30-55 
 
 31-56 
 
 32-57 
 
 33-58 
 
 34-59 
 
 35-60 
 
 36-61 
 
 37-62 
 
 13-2444 
 14-5374 
 15-4054 
 15-9366 
 16-2155 
 16-3119 
 16-2787 
 16-1543 
 15-9654 
 15-7491 
 15-5280 
 15-3021 
 15-0710 
 14-8359 
 14-5983 
 14-3579 
 14-1146 
 13-8681 
 13-6182 
 13-3648 
 13-1076 
 12-8462 
 12-5803 
 12-3096 
 12-0336 
 11-7519 
 11-4640 
 11-1693 
 10-8672 
 10-5569 
 10-2376 
 9-9146 
 9-5934 
 9-2745 
 8-9582 
 8-6446 
 8-3342 
 8-0272 
 
 
 11-5549 
 
 12-6871 
 
 13-4563 
 
 13-9374 
 
 14-2020 
 
 14-3095 
 
 14-3048 
 
 14-2205 
 
 14-0796 
 
 13-9141 
 
 13-7440 
 
 13-5692 
 
 13-3894 
 
 13-2056 
 
 13-0190 
 
 12-8294 
 
 12-6366 
 
 12-4404 
 
 12-2407 
 
 12-0371 
 
 11-8294 
 
 11-6173 
 
 11-4004 
 
 11-1784 
 
 10-9508 
 
 10-7172 
 
 10-4769 
 
 10-2295 
 
 9-9742 
 
 9-7102 
 
 9-4367 
 
 9-1583 
 
 8-8804 
 
 8-6033 
 
 8-3271 
 
 8-0522 
 
 7-7790 
 
 7-5076 
 
 10-2110 
 
 11-2114 
 
 11-8977 
 
 12-3342 
 
 12-5828 
 
 12-6944 
 
 12-7079 
 
 12-6514 
 
 12-5447 
 
 12-4160 
 
 12-2831 
 
 12-1458 
 
 12-0038 
 
 11-8580 
 
 11-7094 
 
 11-5579 
 
 11-4032 
 
 11-2452 
 
 11-0837 
 
 10-9183 
 
 10-7489 
 
 10-5750 
 
 10-3965 
 
 10-2127 
 
 10-0234 
 
 9-8280 
 
 9-6259 
 
 9-4165 
 
 9-1991 
 
 8-9729 
 
 8-7370 
 
 8-4956 
 
 8-2535 
 
 8-0111 
 
 7-7687 
 
 7-5264 
 
 7-2846 
 
 7-0435 
 
 9-1247 
 
 10-0163 
 
 10-6326 
 
 11-0298 
 
 11-2620 
 
 11-3736 
 
 11-3987 
 
 11-3616 
 
 11-2797 
 
 11-1780 
 
 11-0725 
 
 10-9630 
 
 10-8493 
 
 10-7320 
 
 10-6121 
 
 10-4895 
 
 10-3639 
 
 10-2351 
 
 10-1030 
 
 9-9673 
 
 9-8276 
 
 9-6838 
 
 9-5354 
 
 9-3820 
 
 9-2231 
 
 9-0584 
 
 8-8871 
 
 8-7086 
 
 8-5222 
 
 8-3271 
 
 8-1222 
 
 7-9115 
 
 7-6994 
 
 7-4862 
 
 7-2722 
 
 7-0575 
 
 6-8424 
 
 6-6272 
 
 38-63 
 
 39-«4 
 
 40-65 
 
 41-66 
 
 42-67 
 
 43-68 
 
 44-69 
 
 45-70 
 
 46-71 
 
 47-72 
 
 48-73 
 
 49-74 
 
 50-75 
 
 51-76 
 
 52-77 
 
 53-78 
 
 54-79 
 
 55-80 
 
 56-81 
 
 57-82 
 
 58-83 
 
 59-84 
 
 60-85 
 
 61-86 
 
 62-87 
 
 63-88 
 
 64-89 
 
 65-90 
 
 66-91 
 
 67-92 
 
 68-93 
 
 69-94 
 
 70-95 
 
 71-96 
 
 72-97 
 
 73-98 
 
 74-99 
 
 75-100 
 
 •7239 
 •4246 
 •1296 
 -8392 
 -5535 
 •2729 
 -9975 
 •7275 
 •4632 
 ■2047 
 9520 
 ■7054 
 4648 
 2302 
 0015 
 7785 
 5610 
 3485 
 1424 
 9448 
 7554 
 ■5742,2 
 •401012 
 2359 2 
 07852 
 ■9288 1 
 78671 
 6518J1 
 ■5242 1 
 •40341 
 2894 1 
 181911 
 0807 1 
 •9857 
 •8965 
 •8130 
 ■7350 
 6622 
 
 •2384 
 ■9718 
 -7079 
 ■4471 
 •1896 
 •9357 
 •6856 
 4396 
 1979 
 9607 
 7281 
 ■5003 
 2773 
 0592 
 8459 
 6373 
 4332 
 
 6-8035 
 6-5648 
 6-3277 
 6-0926 
 5-8596 
 5-6290 
 5-4012 
 5-1763 
 4-9546 
 4-7363 
 4-5215 
 4-3106 
 4-1034 
 3-9002 
 3-7009 
 3-5054 
 3-3135 
 
 3 
 3-233l'3-1248 
 
 -0386 
 -8514 
 -6716 
 •4992 
 -3340 
 ■1761 
 ■0253 
 ■8815 
 ■7447 
 •6147 
 •4913 
 ■3744 
 
 2-9408 
 2-7634 
 2-.5924 
 2-4281 
 2-2704 
 2-1192 
 1-9745 
 1-8363 
 1-7045 
 1^5790 
 1-4598 
 1-3465 
 
 2639 1-2393 
 1595J1-1379 
 061M-0421 
 
 -9685 
 •8815 
 •7999 
 •7236 
 ■6523 
 
 •9518 
 •8669 
 -7872 
 •7125 
 •6427 
 
 6^4122 
 6-1977 
 5-9838 
 5-7709 
 5^5593 
 5-3493 
 5-1410 
 4-9348 
 4-7308 
 4-5294 
 4-3306 
 4-1348 
 3-9419 
 3-7522 
 3-5655 
 3819 
 3-2012 
 3-0230 
 2^8487 
 2-6802 
 2^5175 
 2-3607 
 2^2099 
 2^0650 
 r9261 
 1-7931 
 16661 
 1-5449 
 1-4295 
 1-3197 
 1-2156 
 1-1170 
 1-0237 
 •9357 
 •8528 
 •7749 
 •7018 
 •6334 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 9 
 
 Tab, a. 10. Annuity on two joint lives. Difference of age Thirty years. 
 
 Ages.. 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 accent 
 
 ■ 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 4^cent 
 
 5#'cent 
 
 6#'cent 
 
 0-30 
 
 12-6436 
 
 11-1094 
 
 9-8733 
 
 8-8635 
 
 35-65 
 
 7-2435 
 
 6-8102 
 
 6-4201 
 
 6-0676 
 
 1-31 
 
 13-8550 
 
 12-1792 
 
 10-8255 
 
 9-7170 
 
 36-66 
 
 6-9483 
 
 6-5454 
 
 6-1816 
 
 5-8519 
 
 2-32 
 
 14-6595 
 
 12-8991 
 
 11-4730 
 
 10-3025 
 
 37-67 
 
 6-6580 
 
 6-2841 
 
 5-9453 
 
 5-6375 
 
 3-33 
 
 15-1423 
 
 13-3417 
 
 11-8788 
 
 10-6750 
 
 38-68 
 
 6-3731 
 
 6-0265 
 
 5-7116 
 
 5-4247 
 
 4-34 
 
 15-3844 
 
 13-5762 
 
 12-1027 
 
 10-8871 
 
 39-69 
 
 6-0936 
 
 5-7729 
 
 5-4808 
 
 5-2139 
 
 5-35 
 
 15-4524 
 
 13-6597 
 
 12-1943 
 
 10-9820 
 
 40-70 
 
 5-8198 
 
 5-5237 
 
 5-2531 
 
 5-0052 
 
 6-36 
 
 15-3968 
 
 13-6352 
 
 12-1908 
 
 10-9926 
 
 41-71 
 
 5-5520 
 
 5-2790 
 
 5-0288 
 
 4-7991 
 
 7-37 
 
 15-2541 
 
 13-5342 
 
 12-1195 
 
 10-9427 
 
 42-72 
 
 5-2903 
 
 5-0391 
 
 4-8082 
 
 4-5956 
 
 8-38 
 
 15-0497 
 
 13-3783 
 
 11-9992 
 
 10-8488 
 
 43-73 
 
 5-0350 
 
 4-8042 
 
 4-5915 
 
 4-3952 
 
 9-39 
 
 14-8185 
 
 13-1982 
 
 11-8570 
 
 10-7351 
 
 44-74 
 
 4-7861 
 
 4-5745 
 
 4-3790 
 
 4-1980 
 
 10-40 
 
 14-5820 
 
 13-0130 
 
 11-7100 
 
 10-6169 
 
 45-75 
 
 4-5439 
 
 4-3502 
 
 4-1708 
 
 4-0043 
 
 11-41 
 
 14-3398 
 
 12-8222 
 
 11-5578 
 
 10-4940 
 
 46-76 
 
 4-3084 
 
 4-1315 
 
 3-9672 
 
 3-8144 
 
 12t42 
 
 14-0917 
 
 12-6255 
 
 11-4000 
 
 10-3659 
 
 47-77 
 
 4-0798 
 
 3-9185 
 
 3-7683 
 
 3-6283 
 
 13-43 
 
 13-8388 
 
 12-4239 
 
 11-2375 
 
 10-2334 
 
 48-78 
 
 3-8581 
 
 3-7113 
 
 3-5743 
 
 3-4462 
 
 14-44 
 
 13-5820 
 
 12-2183 
 
 11-0709 
 
 10-0971 
 
 49-79 
 
 3-6433 
 
 3-5100 
 
 3-3853 
 
 3-2684 
 
 15-45 
 
 13-3212 
 
 12-0084 
 
 10-9002 
 
 9-9567 
 
 50-80 
 
 3-4354 
 
 3-3146 
 
 3-2013 
 
 3-0949 
 
 16-46 
 
 13-0561 
 
 11-7938 
 
 10-7248 
 
 9-8120 
 
 51-81 
 
 3-2343 
 
 3-1251 
 
 3-0224 
 
 2-9257 
 
 17-47 
 
 12-7863 
 
 11-5743 
 
 10-5445 
 
 9-6625 
 
 52-82 
 
 3-0399 
 
 2-9414 
 
 2-8485 
 
 2-7610 
 
 18-48 
 
 12-5115 
 
 11-3495 
 
 10-3589 
 
 9-5079 
 
 53-83 
 
 2-8520 
 
 2-7633 
 
 2-6796 
 
 2-6004 
 
 19-49 
 
 12-2312 
 
 11-1189 
 
 10-1675 
 
 9-3477 
 
 54-84 
 
 2-6703 
 
 2-.5907 
 
 2-5153 
 
 2-4440 
 
 20-50 
 
 11-9450 
 
 10-8820 
 
 9-9698 
 
 9-1813 
 
 55-85 
 
 2-4941 
 
 2-4229 
 
 2-3553 
 
 2-2912 
 
 21-51 
 
 11-6523 
 
 10-6383 
 
 9-7652 
 
 9-0084 
 
 56-86 
 
 2-3247 
 
 2-2610 
 
 2-2005 
 
 2-1430 
 
 22-52 
 
 11-3527 
 
 10-3872 
 
 9-5532 
 
 8-8279 
 
 57-87 
 
 2-1631 
 
 2-1063 
 
 2-0523 
 
 2-0009 
 
 23-53 
 
 11-0454 
 
 10-1280 
 
 9-3329 
 
 8-6394 
 
 58-88 
 
 2-0093 
 
 1-9588 
 
 1-9106 
 
 1-8647 
 
 24-54 
 
 10-7298 
 
 9-8600 
 
 9-1036 
 
 8-4419 
 
 59-89 
 
 1-8630 
 
 1-8182 
 
 1-7754 
 
 1-7344 
 
 25-55 
 
 10-4050 
 
 9-5823 
 
 8-8644 
 
 8-2345 
 
 60-90 
 
 1-7243 
 
 1-6845 
 
 1-6465 
 
 1-6100 
 
 26-56 
 
 10-0763 
 
 9-2996 
 
 8-6196 
 
 8-0211 
 
 61-91 
 
 1-5927 
 
 1-5575 
 
 1-5238 
 
 1-4915 
 
 27-57 
 
 9-7496 
 
 9-0172 
 
 8-3741 
 
 7-8063 
 
 62-92 
 
 1-4682 
 
 1-4372 
 
 1-4073 
 
 1-3787 
 
 28-58 
 
 9-4251 
 
 8-7357 
 
 8-1282 
 
 7-5903 
 
 63-93 
 
 1-3505 
 
 1-3232 
 
 1-2969 
 
 1-2715 
 
 29-59 
 
 9-1033 
 
 8-4551 
 
 7-8822 
 
 7-3734 
 
 64-94 
 
 1-2395 
 
 1-2155 
 
 1-1923 
 
 1-1699 
 
 30-60 
 
 8-7843 
 
 8-1758 
 
 7-6363 
 
 7-1558 
 
 65-95 
 
 1-1350 
 
 1-1138 
 
 1-0934 
 
 1-0738 
 
 31-61 
 
 8-4685 
 
 7-8982 
 
 7-3910 
 
 6-9378 
 
 66-96 
 
 1-0366 
 
 1-0181 
 
 1-0002 
 
 •9829 
 
 32-62 
 
 8-1562 
 
 7-6225 
 
 7-1463 
 
 6-7197 
 
 67-97 
 
 -9443 
 
 -9281 
 
 -9124 
 
 -8973 
 
 33-63 
 
 7-8477 
 
 7-3491 
 
 6-9028 
 
 6-5018 
 
 68-98 
 
 •8577 
 
 -8436 
 
 -8299 
 
 -8167 
 
 34-64 
 
 7-5434 
 
 7-0782 
 
 6-6606 
 
 6-2843 
 
 69-99 
 
 -7767 
 
 •7644 
 
 -7525 
 
 -7409 
 
 Tab. A. 11. Annuity on two joint lives. Difference of age I%irty.^ue years. 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 6 f cent 
 
 6#'cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3 ^ cent 
 
 'cent 
 
 accent 6^ cent 
 
 0-35 
 
 1-36 
 
 2-37 
 
 3-38 
 
 4-39 
 
 5-40 
 
 6-41 
 
 7-42 
 
 8-43 
 
 9-44 
 
 10-45 
 
 11-46 
 
 12-47 
 
 13-48 
 
 11-9776 
 13-0971 
 13-8296 
 14-2566 
 14-4554 
 14-4893 
 14-4059 
 14-2397 
 14-0145 
 13-7630 
 13-5050 
 13-2401 
 12-9680 
 12-6894 
 
 6070 
 6052 
 2679 
 6651 
 8634 
 9173 
 8678 
 ■7447 
 5687 
 3685 
 1618 
 9484 
 7276 
 5003 
 
 4876 
 3832 
 9850 
 3538 
 5475 
 •6137 
 •5882 
 •4969 
 •3579 
 •1968 
 •0296 
 ■8558 
 •6750 
 ■4877 
 
 8-5619 
 
 9-3705 
 
 9-9190 
 
 10-2612 
 
 10-4481 
 
 10-5215 
 
 10-5129 
 
 10-4453 
 
 10-3345 
 
 10-2035 
 
 10-0668 
 
 9-9240 
 
 9-7745 
 
 9-6188 
 
 14-49 
 15-50 
 16-51 
 17-52 
 18-53 
 19-54 
 20-55 
 21-56 
 22-57 
 23-58 
 24-59 
 25-60 
 26-61 
 27-62 
 
 4052 
 1149 
 8179 
 5138 
 2018 
 8813 
 5515 
 2178 
 8859 
 5564 
 2294 
 ■9054 
 '5846 
 •2673 
 
 2669 
 0271 
 7803 
 5259 
 2632 
 9914 
 7098 
 4231 
 ■1368 
 ■8511 
 ■5665 
 ■2832 
 ■0015 
 •7217 
 
 2944 9' 
 
 0946'9' 
 
 8878'9' 
 
 6733" 
 
 4504 
 
 2184 
 
 9762 
 
 7282 
 
 4795 
 
 2304 
 
 9811 
 
 7320 
 
 4833 
 
 2353 
 
 4573 
 2895 
 1149 
 9327 
 7422 
 5426 
 3329 
 1171 
 8998 
 6812 
 4617 
 2414 
 0207 
 7999 
 
10 
 
 MEAN MORTALITY. 
 Tab. a. n.—{Continwd.) 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Sfcent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 5 #"06111 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 Age*. 
 
 accent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 5f cent 
 
 erceat 
 
 28-63 
 
 7-9540 
 
 7-4443 
 
 6-9884 
 
 6-5792 
 
 47-82 
 
 3-0S29 
 
 2^9818 
 
 2-8866 
 
 2^7969 
 
 29-64 
 
 7-6449 
 
 7-1694 
 
 6-7429 
 
 6-3589 
 
 48-83 
 
 2-8953 
 
 2^8041 
 
 2-7181 
 
 2-6368. 
 
 30-65 
 
 7-3403 
 
 6-8975 
 
 6-4991 
 
 6-1394 
 
 49-84 
 
 2-7149 
 
 2-6328 
 
 2-5553 
 
 2-4818 
 
 31-66 
 
 7-0404 
 
 6-6288 
 
 6-2573 
 
 5-9209 
 
 50-55 
 
 2-5417 
 
 2-4680 
 
 2-3982 
 
 2'3320 
 
 32-67 
 
 6-7457 
 
 6-3636 
 
 6-0178 
 
 5-7037 
 
 51-86 
 
 2-3756 
 
 2-3095 
 
 2-2468 ^•1872| 
 
 33-68 
 
 6-4563 
 
 6-1023 
 
 5-7809 
 
 5-4882 
 
 52-87 
 
 2-2163 
 
 2-1572 
 
 g'lOlO 
 
 2-0475 
 
 34r-69 
 
 6-1726 
 
 5-8451 
 
 5-5469 
 
 5-2746 
 
 53-88 
 
 2-0637 
 
 2-0110 
 
 1^9607 
 
 1-9128 
 
 35-70 
 
 5-8947 
 
 5-5923 
 
 5-3161 
 
 5-0633 
 
 54-89 
 
 1-9173 
 
 1-8704 
 
 1^8256 
 
 1-7828 
 
 36-71 
 
 5-6229 
 
 5-3441 
 
 5-0888 
 
 4-8545 
 
 55-90 
 
 1-7767 
 
 1-7351 
 
 1-6952 
 
 16571 
 
 37-72 
 
 5-3574 
 
 5-1009 
 
 4-8653 
 
 4-6485 
 
 56-91 
 
 1-6424 
 
 1-6055 
 
 1-5702 
 
 1^53e3 
 
 38-73 
 
 5-0985 
 
 4-8628 
 
 4-6458 
 
 4-4456 
 
 57-92 
 
 1-5152 
 
 1-4826 
 
 1-4514 
 
 1-4213 
 
 39-74 
 
 4-8462 
 
 4-6301 
 
 4-4306 
 
 4-2460 
 
 58-93 
 
 1-3949 
 
 1-3662 
 
 1-3386 
 
 1-3120 
 
 40-75 
 
 4-6007 
 
 4-4029 
 
 4-2198 
 
 4-0500 
 
 59-^94 
 
 1-2814 
 
 1-2561 
 
 1-2318 
 
 1^2083 
 
 41-76 
 
 4-3622 
 
 4-1815 
 
 4-0138 
 
 3-8579 
 
 60-95 
 
 1-1744 
 
 1-1522 
 
 1-1307 
 
 MlOl 
 
 42-77 
 
 4-1309 
 
 3-9661 
 
 3-8127 
 
 3-6698 
 
 61-96 
 
 1-0737 
 
 1^0542 
 
 1-0354 
 
 1^0172 
 
 43-78 
 
 3-9067 
 
 3-7567 
 
 3-6167 
 
 3-4860 
 
 62-97 
 
 •9790 
 
 •9620 
 
 •9455 
 
 •9295 
 
 44-79 
 
 3-6898 
 
 3-5534 
 
 3-4260 
 
 3-3067 
 
 63-98 
 
 •8903 
 
 •8754 
 
 •8610 
 
 •8470 
 
 45-80 
 
 3-4801 
 
 3-3565 
 
 3-2407 
 
 3-1319 
 
 64-99 
 
 -8072 
 
 •7942 
 
 •7816 
 
 •7694 
 
 46-81 
 
 3-2779 
 
 3-1659 
 
 3-0608 
 
 2-9620 
 
 65-100 
 
 •7295 
 
 •7182 
 
 ■7073 
 
 •6967 
 
 Tab. a. 12. Annuity on two joint lives. Difference of age Forti/ years. 
 
 0-40 
 
 1-41 
 
 2-42 
 
 3-43 
 
 4-44 
 
 5-45 
 
 6-46 
 
 7-47 
 
 8-48 
 
 9-49 
 
 10-50 
 
 11-51 
 
 12-52 
 
 13-53 
 
 14-54 
 
 15-55 
 
 16-56 
 
 17-57 
 
 18-58 
 
 19-59 
 
 20-60 
 
 21-61 
 
 22-62 
 
 23-63 
 
 24-64 
 
 25-65 
 
 26-66 
 
 27-67 
 
 28-68 
 
 29-69 
 
 3®" cent 
 
 •2352 
 •2501 
 8994 
 2609 
 4078 
 3994 
 ■28'J5 
 ■0830 
 •8292 
 •5490 
 ■2604 
 -9629 
 -6559 
 -3398 
 0150 
 -6807 
 -3424 
 ■0060 
 -6718 
 •3403 
 •0118 
 -6865 
 •3649 
 -0472 
 •7338 
 -4249 
 •1209 
 -8221 
 -.5288 
 -2412 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10- 
 
 10- 
 9- 
 9' 
 9- 
 8- 
 8' 
 8 
 8 
 7' 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 5 
 
 0357 
 ■9504 
 5453 
 ■8878 
 0414 
 ■0575 
 •9751 
 ■8220 
 ■6176 
 ■3885 
 ■1510 
 -9044 
 -6481 
 -3822 
 -1072 
 -8222 
 -5319 
 -2420 
 -9527 
 -6644 
 3775 
 0922 
 8088 
 5277 
 2493 
 ■9738 
 •7016 
 •4330 
 ■1683 
 ■9078 
 
 d#'cent 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 9-0414 
 
 9-8699 
 
 10-4161 
 
 10-7392 
 
 10-8945 
 
 10-9274 
 
 10-8721 
 
 10-7530 
 
 10-5870 
 
 10-3981 
 
 10-2009 
 
 9-9949 
 
 9-7791 
 
 9-5539 
 
 9-3194 
 
 9-0745 
 
 8-8238 
 
 8-5723 
 
 8-3203 
 
 8-0681 
 
 7-8160 
 
 7-5643 
 
 7-3134 
 
 7-0635 
 
 6-8150 
 
 6-5682 
 
 6-3235 
 
 6-0810 
 
 5-8412 
 
 5-6044 
 
 3#'cent 
 
 8-2085 
 
 8-9625 
 
 9-4653 
 
 9-7692 
 
 9-9232 
 
 9-9676 
 
 9-9324 
 
 9-8394 
 
 9-7035 
 
 9-5464 
 
 9-3814 
 
 9-2079 
 
 9-0250 
 
 8-8328 
 
 8-6313 
 
 8-4i95 
 
 8-2016 
 
 7-9820 
 
 7-7612 
 
 7-5393 
 
 7-3166 
 
 7-0935 
 
 6-8702 
 
 6-6470 
 
 6-4242 
 
 6-2022 
 
 5-9812 
 
 5-7615 
 
 5-5435 
 
 5-3275 
 
 30-70 
 
 31-71 
 
 32-72 
 
 33-73 
 
 34-74 
 
 35-75 
 
 36-76 
 
 37-77 
 
 38-78 
 
 39-79 
 
 40-80 
 
 41-81 
 
 42-82 
 
 43-83 
 
 44-84 
 
 45-85 
 
 46-86 
 
 47-87 
 
 48-88 
 
 49-89 
 
 50-90 
 
 51-91 
 
 52-92 
 
 53-93 
 
 54-94 
 
 55-95 
 
 56-96 
 
 57-97 
 
 58-98 
 
 69-99 
 
 4^isent 
 
 5f cent 
 
 9595 
 
 6841 
 
 4151 
 
 1527 
 
 8971 
 
 6485 
 
 4070 
 
 1728 
 
 9458 
 
 7263 
 
 5142 
 
 3097 
 
 1126 
 
 9230 
 
 7409 
 
 5663 
 
 •3990 
 
 •2389 
 
 ■0860 
 
 •9402 
 
 •8013 
 
 ■6691 
 
 •5434 
 
 -4240 
 
 -3105 
 
 -2025 
 
 -1001 
 
 -0038 
 
 •9135 
 
 •8289 
 
 e^cenl 
 
 6517 
 
 4004 
 
 1540 
 
 9129 
 
 6773 
 
 4474 
 
 2233 
 
 0052 
 
 7934 
 
 5878 
 
 3886 
 
 1960 
 
 0099 
 
 8304 
 
 6576 
 
 4914 
 
 3318 
 
 •1788 
 
 ■0323 
 
 ■8923 
 
 •7587 
 
 •6312 
 
 •5099 
 
 •3943 
 
 -2844 
 
 ■1794 
 
 •0799 
 
 •9862 
 
 •8981 
 
 •8155 
 
 5-3708 
 
 5-1407 
 
 4-9145 
 
 4-6923 
 
 4-4745 
 
 4-2613 
 
 4-0529 
 
 3-8495 
 
 3-6512 
 
 3-4583 
 
 3-2710 
 
 3-0892 
 
 2-9132 
 
 2-7431 
 
 2-5788 
 
 2-4204 
 
 2-2681 
 
 2-1216 
 
 1-9812 
 
 1^8466 
 
 1-7179 
 
 1-5950 
 
 1-4777 
 
 1-3658 
 
 1^2592 
 
 M573 
 
 r0604 
 
 •9691 
 
 •8831 
 
 j ^8024 
 
 5^113? 
 
 4f902k 
 
 4-6941 
 
 4-488S 
 
 4-2870 
 
 4-0888 
 
 3-8945 
 
 3-7043 
 
 3-5185 
 
 3-3372 
 
 3-1606 
 
 2-9889 
 
 2-8222 
 
 2-6606 
 
 2-5042 
 
 2-3532 
 
 2-2075 
 
 2-0672 
 
 9324 
 
 1-8030 
 
 6789 
 
 1-5602 
 
 1 4468 
 
 1-3384 
 
 1-2349 
 
 1-1359 
 
 1-0416 
 
 •9526 
 
 •8687 
 
 ■7898 
 
12 
 
 MEAN MORTALITY. 
 Tab. a. 14. — Continued. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3f cent 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 S^-ceiit 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3#'cent 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 accent 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 20-70 
 
 6-0661 
 
 5-7494 
 
 5-4606 
 
 5-1965 
 
 35-85 
 
 2-6034 
 
 2^5268 
 
 2-4543 
 
 2^3855 
 
 21-71 
 
 5-7846 
 
 5-4928 
 
 5-2259 
 
 4-9812 
 
 36-86 
 
 2-4331 
 
 2^3645 
 
 2-2993 
 
 2^2375 
 
 22-72 
 
 5-5097 
 
 5-2413 
 
 4-9952 
 
 4-7689 
 
 37-87 
 
 2-2703 
 
 2^2089 
 
 2-1505 
 
 2^0949 
 
 23-73 
 
 5-2416 
 
 4-9952 
 
 4-7686 
 
 4-5598 
 
 38-88 
 
 2-1149 
 
 2-0600 
 
 2-0078 
 
 1^9580 
 
 24-74 
 
 4-9806 
 
 4-7548 
 
 4-5465 
 
 4-3541 
 
 39-89 
 
 1-9667 
 
 1-9178 
 
 1-8711 
 
 1^8266 
 
 25-75 
 
 4-7267 
 
 4-5201 
 
 4-3291 
 
 4-1522 
 
 40-90 
 
 1-8256 
 
 1-7821 
 
 1-7405 
 
 1^7007 
 
 26-76 
 
 4-4801 
 
 4-2915 
 
 4-1167 
 
 3-9543 
 
 41-91 
 
 1-6915 
 
 1-6529 
 
 1-6159 
 
 r5804 
 
 27-77 
 
 4-2410 
 
 4-0691 
 
 3-9093 
 
 3-7606 
 
 42-92 
 
 1-5642 
 
 1-5300 
 
 1-4971 
 
 1^4656 
 
 28-78 
 
 4-0094 
 
 3 8530 
 
 3-7073 
 
 3-5713 
 
 43-93 
 
 1-4436 
 
 1-4133 
 
 1-3842 
 
 1-3562 
 
 29-79 
 
 3-7855 
 
 3-6435 
 
 3-5108 
 
 3-3867 
 
 44-94 
 
 1-3294 
 
 1-3026 
 
 1-2769 
 
 1^2521 
 
 30-80 
 
 3-5692 
 
 3-4405 
 
 3-3200 
 
 3-2069 
 
 45-95 
 
 1-2215 
 
 1-1979 
 
 M752 
 
 1-1533 
 
 31-81 
 
 3-3607 
 
 3-2442 
 
 3-1349 
 
 3-0322 
 
 46-96 
 
 1-1197 
 
 1-0990 
 
 1-0790 
 
 1-0597 
 
 32-82 
 
 3-1598 
 
 3-0546 
 
 2-9557 
 
 2-8625 
 
 47-97 
 
 1-0239 
 
 1-0057 
 
 -9881 
 
 •9711 
 
 33-83 
 
 2-9667 
 
 2-8719 
 
 2-7825 
 
 2-6981 
 
 48-98 
 
 •9337 
 
 •9178 
 
 •9024 
 
 •8874 
 
 34^84 
 
 2-7812 
 
 2-6959 
 
 2-6153 
 
 2-5391 
 
 49-99 
 
 •8491 
 
 -8352 
 
 •8217 
 
 •8086 
 
 Tab. a. 15. 
 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives. 
 Difference of age Fifty-five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 accent 
 
 4fcent 
 
 5^cent 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 accent 
 
 4^cent 
 
 5#'cent 
 
 6#'cent 
 
 0-55 
 
 8-3250 
 
 7-6647 
 
 7-0902 
 
 6-5873 
 
 23-78 
 
 4-0354 
 
 3-8773 
 
 3-7302 
 
 3-5928 
 
 1-56 
 
 8-9042 
 
 8-2072 
 
 7-5990 
 
 7-0652 
 
 24-79 
 
 3-8096 
 
 3-6661 
 
 3-5322 
 
 3-4068 
 
 2-57 
 
 9-2064 
 
 8-4988 
 
 7-8794 
 
 7-3343 
 
 25-80 
 
 3-5916 
 
 3-4616 
 
 3-3399 
 
 3-2258 
 
 3-58 
 
 9-2984 
 
 8-5992 
 
 7-9852 
 
 7-4432 
 
 26-81 
 
 3-3814 
 
 3-2638 
 
 3-1534 
 
 3-0498 
 
 4-59 
 
 9-2395 
 
 8-5614 
 
 7-9641 
 
 7-4353 
 
 27-82 
 
 3-1790 
 
 3-0728 
 
 2-9730 
 
 2-8789 
 
 5-60 
 
 9-0762 
 
 8-4274 
 
 7-8540 
 
 7-3448 
 
 28-83 
 
 2-9844 
 
 2-8887 
 
 2-7985 
 
 2-7134 
 
 6-61 
 
 8-8427 
 
 8-2278 
 
 7-6826 
 
 7-1970 
 
 29-84 
 
 2-7976 
 
 2-7115 
 
 2-6302 
 
 2-5533 
 
 7-62 
 
 8-5628 
 
 7-9842 
 
 7-4696 
 
 7-0099 
 
 30-85 
 
 2-6184 
 
 2-5412 
 
 2-4680 
 
 2-3987 
 
 8-63 
 
 8-2531 
 
 7-7116 
 
 7-2285 
 
 6-7956 
 
 31-86 
 
 2-4470 
 
 2-3777 
 
 2^3120 
 
 2-2496 
 
 9-64 
 
 7-9342 
 
 7-4291 
 
 6-9770 
 
 6-5707 
 
 32-87 
 
 2-2830 
 
 2-2211 
 
 2^1622 
 
 2-1061 
 
 10-65 
 
 7-6188 
 
 7-1485 
 
 6-7262 
 
 6-3455 
 
 33-88 
 
 2-1265 
 
 2-0712 
 
 2^0185 
 
 1-9683 
 
 11-66 
 
 7-3072 
 
 6^8700 
 
 6-4763 
 
 6-1204 
 
 34-89 
 
 1-9773 
 
 1-9280 
 
 1-8810 
 
 1-8361 
 
 12-67 
 
 6-9995 
 
 6-5939 
 
 6-2275 
 
 5-8954 
 
 35-90 
 
 1-8353 
 
 1-7915 
 
 1-7495 
 
 1-7094 
 
 13-68 
 
 6-6969 
 
 6-3213 
 
 5-9810 
 
 5-6716 
 
 36-91 
 
 1-7004 
 
 1-6614 
 
 1-6241 
 
 1-5884 
 
 14-69 
 
 6-4002 
 
 6-0529 
 
 5-7374 
 
 5-4497 
 
 37-92 
 
 .1-5723 
 
 1-5378 
 
 1-5047 
 
 1-4729 
 
 15-70 
 
 6-1097 
 
 5-7893 
 
 5-4972 
 
 5-2302 
 
 38-93 
 
 1-4509 
 
 1-4204 
 
 1-3910 
 
 1^3628 
 
 16-71 
 
 5-8257 
 
 5-5305 
 
 5-2607 
 
 5-0133 
 
 39-94 
 
 1-3360 
 
 1-3091 
 
 1-2831 
 
 r2582 
 
 17-72 
 
 5-5483 
 
 5-2769 
 
 5-0281 
 
 4-7994 
 
 40-95 
 
 1-2275 
 
 1-2038 
 
 1-1809 
 
 1-1588 
 
 18-73 
 
 5-2779 
 
 5-0288 
 
 4-7997 
 
 4-5886 
 
 41-96 
 
 1-1252 
 
 1-1043 
 
 1-0841 
 
 1-0647 
 
 19-74 
 
 6-0146 
 
 4-7863 
 
 4-5759 
 
 4-3814 
 
 42-97 
 
 1-0288 
 
 1-0104 
 
 •9927 
 
 -9756 
 
 20-75 
 
 4-7586 
 
 4-5498 
 
 4-3568 
 
 4-1780 
 
 43-98 
 
 •9381 
 
 •9221 
 
 •9065 
 
 •8915 
 
 21-76 
 
 4-5099 
 
 4-3193 
 
 4-1426 
 
 3-9786 
 
 44-99 
 
 -8531 
 
 •8391 
 
 •8255 
 
 •8123 
 
 22-77 
 
 4-2688 
 
 4-0951 
 
 3-9337 
 
 3-7834 
 
 45-100 
 
 •7734 
 
 -7612 
 
 •7493 
 
 •7378 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a, 16. 
 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives! 
 
 Difference of age Sixty years. 
 
 13 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3f cent 
 
 4 f cent 
 
 S^'oent 
 
 6#'cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 S^cent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Sfcent 
 
 6*" cent 
 
 0-60 
 
 7-1091 
 
 6-6150 
 
 6-1782 
 
 5-7899 
 
 20-80 
 
 3-6111 
 
 3-4800 
 
 3-3572 
 
 3-2422 
 
 1-61 
 
 7-5510 
 
 7-0340 6-5756 
 
 6-1671 
 
 21-81 
 
 3-3995 
 
 3-2809 
 
 3-1696 
 
 3-0651 
 
 2-62 
 
 7-7584 
 
 7-2380 6-7751 
 
 6-3616 
 
 22-82 
 
 3-1957 
 
 3-0887 
 
 2-9880 
 
 2-8932 
 
 3-63 
 
 7-7905 
 
 7-2804 
 
 6-8254 
 
 6-4178 
 
 23-83 
 
 2-9998 
 
 2-9034 
 
 2-8125 
 
 2-7267 
 
 4^4 
 
 7-6983 
 
 7-2077 
 
 6-7687 
 
 6-3744 
 
 24-84 
 
 2-8118 
 
 2-7250 
 
 2-6431 
 
 2-5656 
 
 5-65 
 
 7-5216 
 
 7-0560 
 
 6-6381 
 
 6-2616 
 
 25-85 
 
 2-6315 
 
 2-5537 
 
 2-4799 
 
 2-4101 
 
 6-66 
 
 7-2891 
 
 6-8516 
 
 6-4576 
 
 6-1016 
 
 26-86 
 
 2-4590 
 
 2-3892 
 
 2-3230 
 
 2-2601 
 
 7-67 
 
 7-0210 
 
 6-6127 
 
 6-2440 
 
 5-9098 
 
 27-87 
 
 2-2941 
 
 2-2316 
 
 2-1723 
 
 2-1159 
 
 8-68 
 
 6-7308 
 
 6-3519 
 
 6-0087 
 
 5-6968 
 
 28-88 
 
 2-1366 
 
 2-0809 
 
 2-0278 
 
 1-9773 
 
 9-69 
 
 6-4355 
 
 6-0851 
 
 5-7667 
 
 5-4765 
 
 29-89 
 
 1-9866 
 
 1-9369 
 
 1-8895 
 
 1-8443 
 
 10-70 
 
 6-1455 
 
 5-8220 
 
 5-5272 
 
 5-2578 
 
 30-90 
 
 1-8438 
 
 1-7996 
 
 1-7574 
 
 1-7170 
 
 11-71 
 
 5-8609 
 
 5-5629 
 
 5-2905 
 
 5-0408 
 
 31-91 
 
 1-7080 
 
 1-6688 
 
 1-6313 
 
 1-5953 
 
 12-72 
 
 5-5820 
 
 5-3080 
 
 5-0568 
 
 4-8259 
 
 32-92 
 
 1-5793 
 
 1-5445 
 
 1-5112 
 
 1-4792 
 
 13-73 
 
 5-3096 
 
 5-0580 
 
 4-8268 
 
 4-6138 
 
 33-93 
 
 1-4572 
 
 1-4265 
 
 1-3970 
 
 1-3686 
 
 14r-74 
 
 5-0443 
 
 4-8138 
 
 4-6014 
 
 4-4052 
 
 34-94 
 
 1-3418 
 
 1-3146 
 
 1-2886 
 
 1-2634 
 
 15-75 
 
 4-7864 
 
 4-5756 
 
 4-3808 
 
 4-2005 
 
 35-95 
 
 1-2327 
 
 1-2088 
 
 i-1858 
 
 1-1636 
 
 16-76 
 
 4-5359 
 
 4-3435 
 
 4-1653 
 
 3-9998 
 
 36-96 
 
 1-1298 
 
 1-1088 
 
 1-0886 
 
 1-0690 
 
 17-77 
 
 4-2931 
 
 4-1178 
 
 3-9549 
 
 3-8034 
 
 37-97 
 
 1-0330 
 
 1-0146 
 
 ■9967 
 
 •9795 
 
 18-78 
 
 4-0579 
 
 3-8985 
 
 3-7500 
 
 3-6115 
 
 38-98 
 
 •9419 
 
 •9258 
 
 -9102 
 
 •8951 
 
 19-79 
 
 3-8306 
 
 3-6859 
 
 3-5508 
 
 3-4244 
 
 39-99 
 
 -8565 
 
 •8424 
 
 -8287 
 
 •8155 
 
 Tab. a. ir. 
 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on the joint continuance of two lives. 
 
 Difference of Age Sixty-Jive years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 a^eetA 
 
 4f cent 
 
 5 f cent 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3f cent 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 5#'cent 
 
 efcent 
 
 0-65 
 
 5-9277 
 
 5-5724 
 
 5-2533 
 
 4-9655 
 
 18-83 
 
 3-0133 
 
 2^9161 
 
 2-8246 
 
 2^7382 
 
 1-66 
 
 6-2457 
 
 5-8776 
 
 5-5461 
 
 5-2463 
 
 19-84 
 
 2-8242 
 
 2-7368 
 
 2-6543 
 
 2-5763 
 
 2-67 
 
 6-3715 
 
 6-0044 
 
 5-6729 
 
 5-3723 
 
 20-85 
 
 2-6429 
 
 2-5645 
 
 2-4903 
 
 2-4200 
 
 3-68 
 
 6-3558 
 
 5-9993 
 
 5-6764 
 
 5-3830 
 
 21-86 
 
 2-4695 
 
 2-3992 
 
 2-3326 
 
 2-2693 
 
 4-69 
 
 6-2418 
 
 5-9020 
 
 5-5933 
 
 5-3120 
 
 22-87 
 
 2-3036 
 
 2-2408 
 
 2-1811 
 
 2-1243 
 
 5-70 
 
 6-0622 
 
 5-7425 
 
 5-4513 
 
 5-1852 
 
 23-88 
 
 2-1454 
 
 2-0893 
 
 2-0359 
 
 1-9851 
 
 6-71 
 
 5-8406 
 
 5-5428 
 
 5-2707 
 
 5-0214 
 
 24-89 
 
 1-9946 
 
 1-9446 
 
 1-8970 
 
 1-8515 
 
 7-72 
 
 5-5931 
 
 5-3177 
 
 5-0653 
 
 4-8335 
 
 25-90 
 
 1-8511 
 
 1-8067 
 
 1-7642 
 
 1-7236 
 
 8-73 
 
 5-3305 
 
 5^0772 
 
 4-8445 
 
 4-6301 
 
 26-91 
 
 1-7147 
 
 1-6753 
 
 1-6375 
 
 1-6014 
 
 9-74 
 
 5-0664 
 
 4-8342 
 
 4-6203 
 
 4-4227 
 
 27-92 
 
 1-5853 
 
 1-5504 
 
 1-5169 
 
 1-4847 
 
 10-75 
 
 4-8089 
 
 4-5965 
 
 4-4003 
 
 4-2186 
 
 28-93 
 
 1-4627 
 
 1-4318 
 
 1-4022 
 
 1-3736 
 
 11-76 
 
 4-5581 
 
 4-3642 
 
 4-1846 
 
 4-0178 
 
 29-94 
 
 1-3468 
 
 1-3195 
 
 1-2933 
 
 1-2680 
 
 12-77 
 
 4-3142 
 
 4-1375 
 
 3-9734 
 
 3-8207 
 
 30-95 
 
 1-2372 
 
 1-2132 
 
 1-1901 
 
 1-1677 
 
 13-78 
 
 4-0776 
 
 3-9169 
 
 3-7674 
 
 3-6278 
 
 31-96 
 
 1-1339 
 
 1-1128 
 
 1-0924 
 
 1-0728 
 
 14-79 
 
 3-8489 
 
 3-7030 
 
 3-5669 
 
 3-4396 
 
 32-97 
 
 1-0367 
 
 1-0181 
 
 1-0002 
 
 •9829 
 
 15-80 
 
 3-6281 
 
 3-4959 
 
 3-3723 
 
 3-2565 
 
 33-98 
 
 -9452 
 
 -9290 
 
 •9133 
 
 •8981 
 
 16-81 
 
 3-4152 
 
 3-2957 
 
 3-1837 
 
 3-0784 
 
 34-99 
 
 -8595 
 
 •8453 
 
 -8315 
 
 •8182 
 
 17-82 
 
 3-2103 
 
 3-1024 
 
 3-0010 
 
 2-9056 
 
 35-100 
 
 •7791 
 
 •7668 
 
 •7548 
 
 •7432 
 
14 MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 18. Annui^ on two joiftt li^es. Difference of age Seventy years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3$" cent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 6#'cent 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3#'ceBt 
 
 4$'cent 
 
 decent 
 
 6^ cent 
 
 0-70 
 
 4-8166 
 
 4-5717 
 
 4-3483 
 
 4-1440 
 
 15-85 
 
 2-6528 
 
 2-5740 
 
 2-4993 
 
 2-4286' 
 
 1-71 
 
 5-0284 
 
 4-7774 
 
 4-5480 
 
 4-3376 
 
 16-86 
 
 2-4785 
 
 2-4079 
 
 2-3409 
 
 2-2773 
 
 2-72 
 
 5-0881 
 
 4-8404 
 
 4-6134 
 
 4-4048 
 
 17-87 
 
 2-3120 
 
 2-2488 
 
 2-1888 
 
 2-1317 
 
 3-73 
 
 5-0382 
 
 4-8000 
 
 4-5812 
 
 4-3795 
 
 18-88 
 
 2-1530 
 
 2-0966 
 
 2-0430 
 
 1-9918 
 
 4-74 
 
 4-9138 
 
 4-6889 
 
 4-4817 
 
 4-2904 
 
 19-89 
 
 2-0016 
 
 1-9513 
 
 1-9034 
 
 1-8577 
 
 6-75 
 
 4-7411 
 
 4-5315 
 
 4-3379 
 
 4-1587 
 
 20-90 
 
 1-8574 
 
 1-8128 
 
 1-7701 
 
 1-7293 
 
 6-7f5 
 
 4-5386 
 
 4-3452 
 
 4-1660 
 
 3-9997 
 
 21-91 
 
 1-7205 
 
 1-6809 
 
 1-6429 
 
 1-6066 
 
 7-77 
 
 4-3188 
 
 4-1415 
 
 3-9769 
 
 3-8238 
 
 22-92 
 
 1-5906 
 
 \-5655 
 
 1-5218 
 
 1-4895 
 
 8-78 
 
 4'0898 
 
 3-9283 
 
 3-7779 
 
 3-6377 
 
 23-93 
 
 1-4675 
 
 1-4365 
 
 1-4066 
 
 1-3780 
 
 9-79 
 
 3-8620 
 
 3-7153 
 
 3-5784 
 
 3-4504 
 
 24-94 
 
 1-3511 
 
 1-3237 
 
 1-2973 
 
 1-2720 
 
 10-80 
 
 3-6415 
 
 3-5086 
 
 3-3843 
 
 3-2677 
 
 25-95 
 
 1-2411 
 
 1-2170 
 
 1-1938 
 
 1-1713 
 
 11-81 
 
 3-4285 
 
 3-3083 
 
 3-1956 
 
 3-0897 
 
 26-96 
 
 1-1375 
 
 1-1162 
 
 1-0958 
 
 1-0760 
 
 12-82 
 
 3-2229 
 
 3-1144 
 
 3-0124 
 
 2-9164 
 
 27-97 
 
 1-0398 
 
 1-0212 
 
 1-0033 
 
 -9859 
 
 13-83 
 
 3-0249 
 
 2-9272 
 
 2-8351 
 
 2-7482 
 
 28-98 
 
 •9481 
 
 -9318 
 
 •9160 
 
 ■9008 
 
 14-84 
 
 2-8349 
 
 2-7470 
 
 2-6641 
 
 2-5856 
 
 29-99 
 
 -8620 
 
 -8478 
 
 -8340 
 
 -8207 
 
 Tab. a. 19. 
 
 Annuit) 
 
 1 on two 
 
 joint lives. Difference of age SeoeTrfy^oe 
 
 years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 S^'eent 
 
 4^tieiit 
 
 Sfcent 
 
 e^^ccnt 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3#'cdit 
 
 Woeta 
 
 S^oeni 
 
 6 f cent 
 
 0-75 
 
 3-8065 
 
 3-6448 
 
 3-4953 
 
 3-3567 
 
 13-88 
 
 2-1597 
 
 2-1030 
 
 2-0491 
 
 1-9977 
 
 1-76 
 
 3-9322 
 
 3-7686 
 
 3-6169 
 
 3-4761 
 
 14-89 
 
 2-0076 
 
 1-9572 
 
 1-9090 
 
 1-8631 
 
 2-77 
 
 3-9425 
 
 3-7828 
 
 3-6345 
 
 3-4965 
 
 15-90 
 
 1-8630 
 
 1-8181 
 
 1-7752 
 
 1-7342 
 
 3-78 
 
 3-8716 
 
 3-7197 
 
 3-5783 
 
 3-4463 
 
 16-91 
 
 1-7255 
 
 1-6857 
 
 1-6476 
 
 1-6111 
 
 4-79 
 
 3-7471 
 
 3-6052 
 
 3-4726 
 
 3-3488 
 
 17-92 
 
 1-5952 
 
 1-5599 
 
 1-5261 
 
 1-4936 
 
 5-80 
 
 3-5892 
 
 3-4582 
 
 3-3356 
 
 3-2207 
 
 18-93 
 
 1-4717 
 
 1-4405 
 
 1-4105 
 
 1-3818 
 
 6-81 
 
 3-4117 
 
 3-2920 
 
 3-1796 
 
 3-0741 
 
 19-94 
 
 1-3548 
 
 1-3273 
 
 1-3009 
 
 1-2754 
 
 7-82 
 
 3-2239 
 
 3-1152 
 
 3-0130 
 
 2-9168 
 
 30-95 
 
 1-2445 
 
 1-2203 
 
 1-1970 
 
 1-1745 
 
 8-83 
 
 3-0316 
 
 2-9335 
 
 2-8410 
 
 2-7538 
 
 21-96 
 
 M406 
 
 1-1192 
 
 1-0987 
 
 1-0788 
 
 9-84 
 
 2-8423 
 
 2-7540 
 
 2-6707 
 
 2-5919 
 
 22-97 
 
 1-0426 
 
 1-0239 
 
 1-0059 
 
 •9884 
 
 10-85 
 
 2-6605 
 
 2-5813 
 
 2-5063 
 
 2-4352 
 
 23-98 
 
 -9506 
 
 -9342 
 
 -9184 
 
 -9031 
 
 11-86 
 
 2-4862 
 
 2-4152 
 
 2-3479 
 
 2-2840 
 
 a4r-99 
 
 •8643 
 
 -8500 
 
 -8361 
 
 -8227 
 
 12-87 
 
 2-3192 
 
 2-2567 
 
 2-1954 
 
 2-1381 
 
 ' 25-100 
 
 •7834 
 
 -7709 
 
 -7589 
 
 •7472 
 
 Ta 
 
 B. A. 20 
 
 . Annuity on two joint lives. Difference 
 
 of age Eighty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 S^cent 
 
 4^cent 
 
 5#'cent 
 
 e^cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 3$* cent 
 
 4^cent 5$" cent 
 
 fi^cent 
 
 0-80 
 
 2-9189 
 
 2-8168 
 
 2-7212 
 
 2-6315 
 
 10-90 
 
 1-8671 
 
 1-8221 
 
 1-7791 
 
 1-7379 
 
 1-81 
 
 2-9795 
 
 2-8776 
 
 2-7820 
 
 2-6921 
 
 11-91 
 
 1-7297 
 
 1-6898 
 
 1-6515 
 
 1-6149 
 
 2-82 
 
 2-9565 
 
 2-8582 
 
 2-7659 
 
 2-6789 
 
 12-92 
 
 1-5991 
 
 1-5637 
 
 1-5298 
 
 1-4972 
 
 3-83 
 
 2-8764 
 
 2-7840 
 
 2-6970 
 
 2-6148 
 
 13-93 
 
 1-4752 
 
 1-4440 
 
 1-4139 
 
 1-3850 
 
 4-84 
 
 2-7601 
 
 2-6746 
 
 2-5940 
 
 2-5177 
 
 14-94 
 
 1-3581 
 
 1-3305 
 
 1-3039 
 
 1-2784 
 
 5-85 
 
 2-6223 
 
 2-5442 
 
 2-4703 
 
 2-4004 
 
 15-95 
 
 1-2475 
 
 1-2232 
 
 1-1997 
 
 1-1772 
 
 6-86 
 
 2-4730 
 
 2-4023 
 
 2-3353 
 
 2-2717 
 
 16-96 
 
 1-1432 
 
 1-1218 
 
 1-1012 
 
 1-0813 
 
 7-87 
 
 2-3186 
 
 2-2551 
 
 2-1947 
 
 2-1373 
 
 17-97 
 
 1-0450 
 
 1-0262 
 
 1-0081 
 
 -9907 
 
 8-88 
 
 2-1631 
 
 2-1063 
 
 2-0522 
 
 2-0007 
 
 18-98 
 
 -9527 
 
 -9363 
 
 -9205 
 
 -9051 
 
 9-89 
 
 2-0H5 
 
 1-9609 
 
 1-9126 
 
 1-8666 
 
 19-99 
 
 •8662 
 
 -8618 
 
 -8380 
 
 -8246 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 15 
 
 Tab, a. 21. 
 
 The Expectation of complete years, at all ages; or the value of Annuity of £1, when 
 
 there is no interest of money. 
 
 1 
 
 Expect". 
 
 i 
 
 Expect". 
 
 
 Expect". 
 
 i 
 
 Expfct". 
 
 i 
 
 Expect". 
 
 < 
 
 Expect". 
 
 
 
 38-6889 
 
 17 
 
 40-1971 
 
 34 
 
 28-8037 
 
 51 
 
 18-1134 
 
 68 
 
 8-5296 
 
 85 
 
 2-9926 
 
 1 
 
 42-6499 
 
 18 
 
 39-4991 
 
 35 
 
 28-1617 
 
 52 
 
 17-4864 
 
 69 
 
 8-0902 
 
 86 
 
 2-7830 
 
 2 
 
 45-2746 
 
 19 
 
 38-8048 
 
 36 
 
 27-5223 
 
 53 
 
 16-8575 
 
 70 
 
 7-6657 
 
 87 
 
 2-5844 
 
 3 
 
 46-8415 
 
 20 
 
 38-1141 
 
 37 
 
 26-8853 
 
 54 
 
 16-2260 
 
 71 
 
 7-2562 
 
 88 
 
 2-3964 
 
 4 
 
 47-6209 
 
 21 
 
 37-4270 
 
 38 
 
 26-2505 
 
 55 
 
 15-5915 
 
 72 
 
 6-8614 
 
 89 
 
 2-2186 
 
 6 
 
 47-8365 
 
 22 
 
 36-7435 
 
 39 
 
 25-6179 
 
 56 
 
 14-9621 
 
 73 
 
 6-4813 
 
 90 
 
 2-0507 
 
 6 
 
 47-6587 
 
 23 
 
 36-0635 
 
 40 
 
 24-9873 
 
 57 
 
 14-3464 
 
 74 
 
 6-1158 
 
 91 
 
 1-8923 
 
 7 
 
 47-2110 
 
 24 
 
 35-3871 
 
 41 
 
 24-3584 
 
 58 
 
 13-7447 
 
 75 
 
 5-7646 
 
 92 
 
 1-7431 
 
 8 
 
 46-5802 
 
 25 
 
 34-7141 
 
 42 
 
 23-7310 
 
 59 
 
 13-1572 
 
 76 
 
 5-4277 
 
 93 
 
 1-6027 
 
 9 
 
 45-8776 
 
 26 
 
 34-0446 
 
 43 
 
 ^3-1050 
 
 60 
 
 12-5840 
 
 77 
 
 5-1047 
 
 94 
 
 1-4707 
 
 10 
 
 45-1705 
 
 27 
 
 33^3785 
 
 44 
 
 22-4802 
 
 61 
 
 12-0253 
 
 78 
 
 4-7955 
 
 95 
 
 1-3468 
 
 11 
 
 44-4589 
 
 28 
 
 32-7156 
 
 45 
 
 21-8561 
 
 62 
 
 11-4812 
 
 79 
 
 4-4997 
 
 96 
 
 1-2307 
 
 12 
 
 43-7427 
 
 29 
 
 32-0560 
 
 46 
 
 21-2327 
 
 63 
 
 10-9519 
 
 80 
 
 4-2172 
 
 97 
 
 1-1219 
 
 13 
 
 43-0262 
 
 30 
 
 31-3996 
 
 47 
 
 20-6096 
 
 64 
 
 10-4375 
 
 81 
 
 3-9476 
 
 98 
 
 1-0203 
 
 14 
 
 42-3133 
 
 31 
 
 30-7462 
 
 48 
 
 19-9865 
 
 65 
 
 9-9380 
 
 82 
 
 3-6907 
 
 99 
 
 •9253 
 
 15 
 
 41-6042 
 
 32 
 
 30-0958 49 
 
 19-3630 
 
 66 
 
 9-4535 83 
 
 3-4461 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 40-8988 
 
 33 
 
 29-4484 50 
 
 18-7387 
 
 67 
 
 8-9841 84 
 
 3-21351 
 
 
 Part the Second of Tab. A. 3. 
 Shewing the values of Annuity on a single life at any age. 
 
 < 
 
 7#'cent 
 
 accent 
 
 < 
 
 7 f cent 
 
 8 ^ cent 
 
 1 
 
 7f cent 
 
 8 f cent 
 
 
 7#'cent 
 
 5#'cent 
 
 
 
 9-6931 
 
 8-6518 
 
 25 
 
 11-6571 
 
 10-5084 
 
 50 
 
 9-2331 
 
 8-5408 
 
 75 
 
 4-1700 
 
 4-0057 
 
 1 
 
 10-7016 
 
 9-5421 
 
 26 
 
 11-5918 
 
 10-4571 
 
 51 
 
 9-0770 
 
 8-4085 
 
 76 
 
 3-9752 
 
 3-8238 
 
 2 
 
 11-4238 
 
 10-1813 
 
 27 
 
 11-5249 
 
 10-4044 
 
 52 
 
 8-9124 
 
 8-2682 
 
 77 
 
 3-7840 
 
 3-6448 
 
 3 
 
 11-9165 
 
 10-6192 
 
 28 
 
 11-45(52 
 
 10-3503 
 
 53 
 
 8-7386 
 
 8-1191 
 
 78 
 
 3-5967 
 
 3-4690 
 
 4 
 
 12-2351 
 
 10-9044 
 
 29 
 
 11-3856 
 
 10-2946 
 
 54 
 
 8-5547 
 
 7-9604 
 
 79 
 
 3-4137 
 
 3-2968 
 
 5 
 
 12-4257 
 
 11-0774 
 
 30 
 
 11-3132 
 
 10-2373 
 
 55 
 
 8-3597 
 
 7-7908 
 
 80 
 
 3-2351 
 
 3-1282 
 
 6 
 
 12-5240 
 
 11-1692 
 
 31 
 
 11-2388 
 
 10-1784 
 
 56 
 
 8-1575 
 
 7-6141 
 
 81 
 
 3-0610 2-96361 
 
 7 
 
 12-5560 
 
 11-2025 
 
 32 
 
 11-1622 
 
 10-1177 
 
 57 
 
 7-9528 
 
 7-4345 
 
 S2 
 
 2-8918 
 
 2-8032 
 
 8 
 
 12-5400 
 
 11-1933 
 
 33 
 
 11-0835 
 
 10-0551 
 
 58 
 
 7-7457 
 
 7-2521 
 
 83 
 
 2-7276 
 
 2-6471 
 
 9 
 
 12-5034 
 
 11-1660 
 
 34 
 
 11-0024 
 
 9-9905 
 
 59 
 
 7-5366 
 
 7-0674 
 
 84 
 
 2-5685 
 
 2-4955 
 
 10 
 
 12-4641 
 
 11-1362 
 
 35 
 
 10-9189 
 
 9-9239 
 
 60 
 
 7-3258 
 
 6-8803 
 
 85 
 
 2-4145 
 
 2-3486 
 
 11 
 
 12-4217 
 
 11-1039 
 
 36 
 
 10-8328 
 
 9-8550 
 
 61 
 
 7-1135 
 
 6-6913 
 
 86 
 
 2-2659 
 
 2-2064 
 
 12 
 
 12-3761 
 
 11-0688 
 
 37 
 
 10-7440 
 
 9-7838 
 
 62 
 
 6-9000 
 
 6-5007 
 
 87 
 
 2-1227 
 
 2-0691 
 
 13 
 
 12-3283 
 
 11-0318 
 
 38 
 
 10-6523 
 
 9-7100 
 
 63 
 
 6-6857 
 
 6-3085 
 
 88 
 
 1-9848 
 
 1-9367 
 
 14 
 
 12-2793 
 
 10-9938 
 
 39 
 
 10-5575 
 
 9-6336 
 
 64 
 
 6-4709 
 
 6-1153 
 
 89 
 
 1-8525 
 
 1-8093 
 
 15 
 
 12-2292 
 
 10-9550 
 
 40 
 
 10-4594 
 
 9-5543 
 
 65 
 
 6-2559 
 
 5-9212 
 
 90 
 
 1-7256 
 
 1-6870 
 
 16 
 
 12-1779 
 
 10-9151 
 
 41 
 
 10-3577 
 
 9-4719 
 
 66 
 
 6-0410 
 
 5-7267 
 
 91 
 
 1-6041 
 
 1-5697 
 
 17 
 
 12-1254 
 
 10-8743 
 
 42 
 
 10-2523 
 
 9-3862 
 
 67 
 
 5-8266 
 
 5-5319 
 
 92 
 
 1-4881 
 
 1-4574 
 
 18 
 
 12-0716 
 
 10-8325 
 
 43 
 
 10-1429 
 
 9-2968 
 
 68 
 
 5-6131 
 
 5-3372 
 
 93 
 
 1-3775 
 
 1-35Q2 
 
 19 
 
 12-0166 
 
 10-7896 
 
 44 
 
 10-0291 
 
 9-2036 
 
 69 
 
 5-4007 
 
 5-1430 
 
 94 
 
 1-2722 
 
 1-2480 
 
 20 
 
 11-9602 
 
 10-7457 
 
 45 
 
 9-9106 
 
 9-1061 
 
 70 
 
 5-1899 
 
 4-9496 
 
 95 
 
 1-1722 
 
 1-1507 
 
 21 
 
 11-9025 
 
 10-7006 
 
 46 
 
 9-7870 
 
 9-0040 
 
 71 
 
 4-9809 
 
 4-7573 
 
 96 
 
 1-0773 
 
 1-0584 
 
 22 
 
 11-8434 
 
 10-6544 
 
 47 
 
 9-6580 
 
 8-8970 
 
 72 
 
 4-7741 
 
 4-5665 
 
 97 
 
 •9875 
 
 •9708 
 
 23 
 
 11-7828 
 
 10-6070 
 
 48 
 
 9-5230 
 
 8-7844 
 
 73 
 
 4-5698 
 
 4-3774 98 
 
 -9027 
 
 •8880 
 
 24 
 
 11-7207 
 
 10-5583 
 
 49 
 
 9-3816 
 
 8-6659 
 
 74 
 
 4-3684 
 
 4-1904 99 
 
 -8227 
 
 •8099 
 
16 
 
 MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab&. a. 22 — 29. Shewing the probability of the Younger or the Elder of two lives being Jirst in the 
 
 order of Decease. 
 A. 22. A. 23. 
 
 Difference of age Ten years. Difference of age Twenty yeaia. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 Elder. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 Elder. 
 
 0-10 
 
 •55552 
 
 •44448 
 
 45-55 
 
 •33932 
 
 •66068 
 
 1-11 
 
 •50211 
 
 •49789 
 
 46-66 
 
 •33594 
 
 •66406 
 
 2-12 
 
 •46300 
 
 •53700 
 
 47-57 
 
 •33271 
 
 •66729 
 
 3-13 
 
 •43555 
 
 •56445 
 
 48-58 
 
 •32966 
 
 •67034 
 
 4-14 
 
 •41699 
 
 •58301 
 
 49-59 
 
 •32683 
 
 •67317 
 
 5-15 
 
 •40496 
 
 •59504 
 
 50-60 
 
 •32425 
 
 •67575 
 
 6-16 
 
 •39759 
 
 '60241 
 
 51-61 
 
 •32199 
 
 •67801 
 
 7-17 
 
 •39350 
 
 •60650 
 
 52-62 
 
 •32010 
 
 •67990 
 
 8-18 
 
 •39171 
 
 •60829 
 
 53-63 
 
 •31864 
 
 •68136 
 
 9-19 
 
 •39085 
 
 •60915 
 
 54-64 
 
 •31769 
 
 •68-231 
 
 10-20 
 
 •39007 
 
 •60993 
 
 55-65 
 
 •31736 
 
 ■68264 
 
 11-21 
 
 •38938 
 
 •61062 
 
 56-66 
 
 •31738 
 
 •68262 
 
 12-22 
 
 •38876 
 
 •61124 
 
 57-67 
 
 •31739 
 
 •68261 
 
 13-23 
 
 •38818 
 
 •61182 
 
 58-68 
 
 •31740 
 
 •68260 
 
 14-24 
 
 •38758 
 
 •61242 
 
 59-69 
 
 •31742 
 
 •68258 
 
 15-25 
 
 •38694 
 
 •61306 
 
 60-70 
 
 •31744 
 
 •68256 
 
 16-26 
 
 •38627 
 
 •61373 
 
 61-71 
 
 •31746 
 
 •68254 
 
 17-27 
 
 •38558 
 
 •61442 
 
 62-72 
 
 •31748 
 
 •68252 
 
 18-28 
 
 •38485 
 
 •61515 
 
 63-73 
 
 •31750 
 
 •68250 
 
 19-29 
 
 •38408 
 
 •61592 
 
 64-74 
 
 •31753 
 
 •68247 
 
 20-30 
 
 •38328 
 
 •61672 
 
 65-75 
 
 •31757 
 
 •68243 
 
 21-31 
 
 •38244 
 
 •61756 
 
 66-76 
 
 •31761 
 
 •68239 
 
 22-32 
 
 •38155 
 
 •61845 
 
 67-77 
 
 •31765 
 
 •68235 
 
 23-33 
 
 •38062 
 
 •61938 
 
 68-78 
 
 •31770 
 
 •68230 
 
 24-34 
 
 •37964 
 
 •62036 
 
 69-79 
 
 •31776 
 
 •68224 
 
 25-35 
 
 •37862 
 
 •62138 
 
 70-80 
 
 •31782 
 
 •68218 
 
 26-36 
 
 •37763 
 
 •62247 
 
 71-81 
 
 •31789 
 
 ■68211 
 
 27-37 
 
 •37639 
 
 •62361 
 
 72-82 
 
 •31798 
 
 ■68202 
 
 28-38 
 
 •37519 
 
 •62481 
 
 73-83 
 
 •31807 
 
 •68193 
 
 29-39 
 
 •37392 
 
 •62608 
 
 74-84 
 
 •31818 
 
 •68182 
 
 30-40 
 
 •37259 
 
 •62741 
 
 75-85 
 
 •31831 
 
 •68169 
 
 31-41 
 
 •37117 
 
 •62883 
 
 76-86 
 
 •31846 
 
 •68154 
 
 32-42 
 
 •36968 
 
 •63032 
 
 77-87 
 
 •31862 
 
 •68138 
 
 33-43 
 
 •36810 
 
 •63190 
 
 78-88 
 
 •31881 
 
 •68119 
 
 34-44 
 
 •36642 
 
 ■63358 
 
 79-89 
 
 •31903 
 
 ■68097 
 
 35-45 
 
 •36465 
 
 •63535 
 
 80-90 
 
 •31929 
 
 ■68071 
 
 36-46 
 
 •36276 
 
 •63724 
 
 81-91 
 
 •31958 
 
 ■68042 
 
 37-47 
 
 •36077 
 
 •63923 
 
 82-92 
 
 •31991 
 
 ■68009 
 
 38-48 
 
 •35864 
 
 •64136 
 
 83-93 
 
 •32029 
 
 ■67971 
 
 39-49 
 
 •35639 
 
 •64361 
 
 84-94 
 
 •32072 
 
 •67928 
 
 40-50 
 
 •35398 
 
 •64602 
 
 85-95 
 
 •32120 
 
 •67880 
 
 41-51 
 
 •35142 
 
 •64858 
 
 86-96 
 
 •32173 
 
 •67827 
 
 42-52 
 
 •34869 
 
 •65131 
 
 87-97 
 
 •32231 
 
 •67769 
 
 43-53 
 
 •34578 
 
 •65422 
 
 88-98 
 
 •32294 
 
 •67706 
 
 44-54 
 
 •34266 
 
 •65734 
 
 89-99 
 
 •32362 
 
 •67638 
 
 Ages. 
 
 0-20 
 
 1-21 
 
 2-22 
 
 3-23 
 
 4-24 
 
 5-25 
 
 6-26 
 
 7-27 
 
 8-28 
 
 9-29 
 
 10-30 
 
 11-31 
 
 12-32 
 
 13-33 
 
 14-34 
 
 15-35 
 
 16-36 
 
 17-37 
 
 18-38 
 
 19-39 
 
 20-40 
 
 21-41 
 
 22-42 
 
 23-43 
 
 24-44 
 
 25-45 
 
 26-46 
 
 27-47 
 
 28-48 
 
 29-49 
 
 30-50 
 
 31-51 
 
 32-52 
 
 33-53 
 
 34-54 
 
 35-55 
 
 36-56 
 
 37-57 
 
 38-58 
 
 39-59 
 
 Younger 
 
 •48833 
 
 •42672 
 
 •38155 
 
 •34975 
 
 •32814 
 
 •31398 
 
 •30515 
 
 ■30006 
 
 •29760 
 
 •29620 
 
 ■29487 
 
 ■29361 
 
 •29242 
 
 •29125 
 
 ■29001 
 
 •28872 
 
 ■28736 
 
 28593 
 
 ■28443 
 
 28285 
 
 28119 
 
 27944 
 
 27759 
 
 27564 
 
 27358 
 
 '27141 
 
 26911 
 
 26668 
 
 26411 
 
 26138 
 
 25849 
 
 25542 
 
 25216 
 
 24869 
 
 24499 
 
 24105 
 
 23698 
 
 23292 
 
 22886 
 
 22482 
 
 Elder. 
 
 •51167 
 
 •57328 
 
 •61845 
 
 •65025 
 
 •67186 
 
 •68602 
 
 •69485 
 
 •69994 
 
 •70240 
 
 •70380 
 
 •70513 
 
 •70639 
 
 •70758 
 
 ■70875 
 
 •70999 
 
 ■71128 
 
 ■71264 
 
 ■71407 
 
 •71557 
 
 ■71715 
 
 ■71881 
 
 '72056 
 
 72241 
 
 72436 
 
 72642 
 
 72859 
 
 73089 
 
 73332 
 
 73589 
 
 73862 
 
 74151 
 
 74458 
 
 74784 
 
 75131 
 
 75501 
 
 75895 
 
 76302 
 
 76708 
 
 77114 
 
 '77518 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 40-60 
 
 41-61 
 
 42-62 
 
 43-63 
 
 44-64 
 
 45-65 
 
 46-66 
 
 47-67 
 
 48-68 
 
 49-69 
 
 50-70 
 
 51-71 
 
 52-72 
 
 53-73 
 
 54-74 
 
 55-75 
 
 56-76 
 
 57-77 
 
 58-78 
 
 59-79 
 
 60-80 
 
 61-81 
 
 62-82 
 
 63-83 
 
 64-84 
 
 65-85 
 
 66-86 
 
 67-87 
 
 68-88 
 
 69-89 
 
 70-90 
 
 71-91 
 
 72-92 
 
 73-93 
 
 74-94 
 
 75-95 
 
 76-96 
 
 77-97 
 
 78-98 
 
 79-99 
 
 Elder. 
 
 •22081 
 
 •21684 
 
 •21292 
 
 •20905 
 
 •20527 
 
 •20159 
 
 •19802 
 
 •19460 
 
 •19135 
 
 •18831 
 
 •18552 
 
 •18304 
 
 •18094 
 
 •17930 
 
 •17822 
 
 •17785 
 
 •17788 
 
 •17792 
 
 •17797 
 
 •17801 
 
 •17807 
 
 •17813 
 
 •17820 
 
 •17829 
 
 •17838 
 
 •17849 
 
 •17861 
 
 •17876 
 
 •17892 
 
 •17911 
 
 •17932 
 
 •17957 
 
 •17985 
 
 •18018 
 
 •18055 
 
 •18098 
 
 •18147 
 
 •18202 
 
 •18263 
 
 •18329 
 
 ■77919 
 ■78316 
 •78708 
 79095 
 79473 
 79841 
 80198 
 80540 
 •80865 
 •81169 
 •81448 
 •81696 
 •81906 
 •82070 
 •82178 
 •82215 
 •82212 
 •82208 
 •82203 
 •82199 
 •82193 
 •82187 
 •82180 
 •82171 
 ■82162 
 •82151 
 •82139 
 •82124 
 •82108 
 •82089 
 ■82068 
 ■82043 
 ■82015 
 •81982 
 •81945 
 •81902 
 •81853 
 ■81798 
 •81737 
 •81671 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 17 
 
 Tabs. A. 22 — 29. Shewing the probability of the Younger or the Elder of two lives being^rrf in the 
 
 order of Decease. 
 
 A. 24. 
 Difference of age Thirty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 Elder. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 Elder. 
 
 0-30 
 
 •43362 
 
 •56638 
 
 35-65 
 
 •14682 
 
 •85318 
 
 1-31 
 
 •36569 
 
 •63431 
 
 36-66 
 
 •14328 
 
 •85672 
 
 2-32 
 
 •31581 
 
 •68419 
 
 37-67 
 
 •13976 
 
 ■86024 
 
 3-33 
 
 •28060 
 
 •71940 
 
 38-68 
 
 •13626 
 
 ■86374 
 
 4-34 
 
 •25656 
 
 •74344 
 
 39-69 
 
 ■13279 
 
 •86721 
 
 5-35 
 
 •24069 
 
 •75931 
 
 40-70 
 
 •12936 
 
 •87064 
 
 6-36 
 
 •23066 
 
 •76934 
 
 41-71 
 
 •12596 
 
 •87404 
 
 7-37 
 
 •22475 
 
 ■77525 
 
 42-72 
 
 •12262 
 
 •87738 
 
 8-38 
 
 •22171 
 
 ■77829 
 
 43-73 
 
 ■11934 
 
 •88066 
 
 9-39 
 
 ■21982 
 
 •78018 
 
 44-74 
 
 •11611 
 
 •88389 
 
 10^0 
 
 •21798 
 
 •78202 
 
 45-75 
 
 •11297 
 
 •88703 
 
 11-^1 
 
 •21620 
 
 •78380 
 
 46-76 
 
 •10991 
 
 •89009 
 
 12-42 
 
 •21448 
 
 •78552 
 
 47-77 
 
 •10696 
 
 •89304 
 
 13-43 
 
 •21274 
 
 ■78726 
 
 48-78 
 
 •10413 
 
 •89587 
 
 14-44 
 
 •21091 
 
 •78909 
 
 49-79 
 
 •10145 
 
 •89855 
 
 15-45 
 
 •20898 
 
 •79102 
 
 50-80 
 
 •09896 
 
 •90104 
 
 16-46 
 
 •20694 
 
 •79306 
 
 51-81 
 
 ■09669 
 
 •90331 
 
 17-47 
 
 •20479 
 
 •79521 
 
 52-82 
 
 ■09473 
 
 ■90527 
 
 18-48 
 
 •20252 
 
 •79748 
 
 53-83 
 
 •09314 
 
 ■90686 
 
 19-49 
 
 •20012 
 
 •79988 
 
 54-84 
 
 •09208 
 
 ■90792 
 
 20-50 
 
 •19758 
 
 •80242 
 
 55-85 
 
 •09173 
 
 ■90827 
 
 21-51 
 
 ■19490 
 
 •80510 
 
 56-86 
 
 •09181 
 
 •90819 
 
 22-52 
 
 •19205 
 
 •80795 
 
 57-87 
 
 ■09189 
 
 •90811 
 
 23-53 
 
 ■18903 
 
 •81097 
 
 58-88 
 
 •09199 
 
 •90801 
 
 24-54 
 
 •18582 
 
 •81418 
 
 59-89 
 
 •09210 
 
 •90790 
 
 25-55 
 
 •18242 
 
 •81758 
 
 60-90 
 
 ■09224 
 
 •90776 
 
 26-56 
 
 •17890 
 
 •82110 
 
 61-91 
 
 ■09239 
 
 •90761 
 
 27-57 
 
 •17536 
 
 ■82464 
 
 62-92 
 
 ■09257 
 
 •90743 
 
 28-58 
 
 •17181 
 
 •82819 
 
 63-93 
 
 ■09278 
 
 •90722 
 
 29-59 
 
 •16825 
 
 ■83175 
 
 64-94 
 
 •09302 
 
 •90698 
 
 30^0 
 
 •16468 
 
 ■83532 
 
 65-95 
 
 •09329 
 
 •90671 
 
 31-61 
 
 •16110 
 
 •83890 
 
 66-96 
 
 •09359 
 
 •90641 
 
 32-62 
 
 •15752 
 
 •84248 
 
 67-97 
 
 ■09392 
 
 •90608 
 
 33-63 
 
 •15395 
 
 •84605 
 
 68-98 
 
 •09428 
 
 •90572 
 
 34-64 
 
 •15038 
 
 •84962 
 
 69-99 
 
 •09467 
 
 •90533 
 
 A. 25. 
 Difference of age Forty years. 
 
 Ages, 
 
 0-40 
 
 1-41 
 
 2-42 
 
 3-43 
 
 4-44 
 
 5-45 
 
 6-46 
 
 7-47 
 
 8-48 
 
 9-49 
 
 10-50 
 
 11-51 
 
 12-52 
 
 13-53 
 
 14-54 
 
 15-55 
 
 16-56 
 
 17-57 
 
 18-58 
 
 19-59 
 
 20-60 
 
 21-61 
 
 22-62 
 
 23-63 
 
 24-64] 
 
 25-65 
 
 26-66 
 
 27-67 
 
 28-68 
 
 29-69 
 
 Younger 
 
 •38746 
 
 ■31446 
 
 •26077 
 
 •22275 
 
 •19667 
 
 •17932 
 
 •16821 
 
 •16149 
 
 •15784 
 
 •15539 
 
 •15297 
 
 •15058 
 
 •14821 
 
 •14579 
 
 •14322 
 
 ■14050 
 
 •13770 
 
 •13488 
 
 •13204 
 
 •12920 
 
 ■12636 
 
 •12351 
 
 •12066 
 
 •11781 
 
 •11497 
 
 •11213 
 
 •10930 
 
 ■10649 
 
 ■10369 
 
 ■10091 
 
 Elder. 
 
 •61254 
 
 ■68554 
 
 ■73923 
 
 ■77725 
 
 •80333 
 
 •82068 
 
 •83179 
 
 •83851 
 
 •84216 
 
 •84461 
 
 •84703 
 
 •84942 
 
 •85179 
 
 ■85421 
 
 ■85678 
 
 ■85950 
 
 ■86230 
 
 ■86512 
 
 ■86796 
 
 ■87080 
 
 ■87364 
 
 ■87649 
 
 ■87934 
 
 ■88219 
 
 88503 
 
 88787 
 
 89070 
 
 89351 
 
 89631 
 
 89909 
 
 Ages. 
 
 30-70 
 
 31-71 
 
 32-72 
 
 33-73 
 
 34-74 
 
 35-75 
 
 36-76 
 
 37-77 
 
 38-78 
 
 39-79 
 
 40-80 
 
 41-81 
 
 42-82 
 
 43-83 
 
 44-84 
 
 45-85 
 
 46-86 
 
 47-87 
 
 48-88 
 
 49-89 
 
 50-90 
 
 51-91 
 
 52-92 
 
 53-93 
 
 54-94 
 
 55-95 
 
 56-96 
 
 57-97 
 
 58-98 
 
 59-99 
 
 Younger 
 
 ■09815 
 
 •09541 
 •09270 
 •09001 
 •08736 
 •08474 
 •08215 
 ■07961 
 •07710 
 ■07464 
 ■07223 
 ■06986 
 ■06754 
 ■06527 
 06305 
 06090 
 05880 
 05678 
 05482 
 05295 
 05117 
 04952 
 04804 
 04680 
 04594 
 04573 
 04598 
 04633 
 04678 
 04738 
 
 Elder. 
 
 90185 
 90459 
 •90730 
 •90999 
 •91264 
 ■91526 
 ■91785 
 ■92039 
 ■92290 
 ■92536 
 ■92777 
 ■93014 
 ■93246 
 ■93473 
 ■93695 
 ■93910 
 •94120 
 ■94322 
 •94518 
 •94705 
 •94883 
 •95048 
 •95196 
 •95320 
 •95406 
 •95427 
 •95402 
 •95367 
 •95322 
 •■95262 
 
18 
 
 MEAN MORTALITY, 
 
 Tabs. A. 22 — 29. Shewing the probability of the Younger or the Elder of two lives being first in the 
 
 order of Decease. 
 A. 26. A. 27. 
 
 Difference of age Fifty years. Difference of age Sixti/ years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger Elder. 
 
 0-50 
 
 1-51 
 
 2-52 
 
 3-53 
 
 4-54 
 
 5-55 
 
 6-56 
 
 7-57 
 
 8^8 
 
 9-59 
 
 10-60 
 
 11-61 
 
 12-62 
 
 13-63 
 
 14-64 
 
 15-65 
 
 16-66 
 
 17-67 
 
 18-68 
 
 19-69 
 
 20-70 
 
 21-71 
 
 22-72 
 
 23-73 
 
 24-74 
 
 •34716 
 •27000 
 •21311 
 •17268 
 •14475 
 •12598 
 •11379 
 •10633 
 •10221 
 •09947 
 •09686 
 •09440 
 •09210 
 •08989 
 •08768 
 •08547 
 •08328 
 •08110 
 •07893 
 •07677 
 •07464 
 •07252 
 •07042 
 •06835 
 •06630 
 
 •65284 
 •73000 
 •78689 
 •8-3732 
 •85525 
 ■87402 
 •88621 
 •89367 
 •89779 
 •90053 
 •90314 
 •90560 
 •90790 
 •91011 
 •91232 
 •91453 
 •91672 
 •91890 
 ■92107 
 •92323 
 •92536 
 •92748 
 •92958 
 •93165 
 •93370 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 25-75 
 26-76 
 27-77 
 28-78 
 29-79 
 30-80 
 31-81 
 32-82 
 33-83 
 34-84 
 35-85 
 36-86 
 37-87 
 38-88 
 39-89 
 40-90 
 41-91 
 42-92 
 43-93 
 44-94 
 45-95 
 46-96 
 47-97 
 48-98 
 49-99 
 
 •06428 
 •06229 
 •06033 
 •05840 
 •05651 
 •05465 
 •05282 
 •05104 
 •04929 
 •04759 
 •04592 
 •04430 
 •04272 
 •04119 
 •03970 
 •03826 
 •03686 
 •03551 
 •03421 
 •03296 
 •03177 
 •03064 
 •02957 
 •02856 
 •02762 
 
 Elder. 
 
 •93572 
 •93771 
 •93967 
 ■94160 
 •94349 
 ■94535 
 ■94718 
 •948''6 
 ■95071 
 •95241 
 •95408 
 ■95570 
 •95728 
 •95881 
 •96030 
 •96174 
 •96314 
 •96449 
 •96579 
 •96704 
 •96823 
 •96936 
 •97043 
 •97144 
 •97238 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 Elder. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 Elder. 
 
 0-60 
 
 •30734 
 
 •69266 
 
 20-80 
 
 ■04120 
 
 •95880 
 
 1-61 
 
 •22843 
 
 •77157 
 
 21-81 
 
 •03981 
 
 •96019 
 
 2-62 
 
 •17065 
 
 •82935 
 
 22-82 
 
 •03845 
 
 •96155 
 
 3-63 
 
 •12986 
 
 •87014 
 
 23-83 
 
 •03713 
 
 •96287 
 
 4-64 
 
 •10194 
 
 •89806 
 
 24-84 
 
 •03583 
 
 •96417 
 
 5-65 
 
 •08341 
 
 •91659 
 
 25-85 
 
 •03457 
 
 •96543 
 
 6-66 
 
 •07161 
 
 •92839 
 
 26-86 
 
 •03334 
 
 •96666 
 
 7-67 
 
 •06459 
 
 •93541 
 
 27-87 
 
 •03214 
 
 •96786 
 
 8-68 
 
 •06099 
 
 •93901 
 
 28-88 
 
 •03097 
 
 •96903 
 
 9-69 
 
 •05882 
 
 •94118 
 
 29-89 
 
 •02984 
 
 •97016 
 
 10-70 
 
 •05680 
 
 •94320 
 
 30-90 
 
 •02875 
 
 •97125 
 
 11-71 
 
 •05493 
 
 ■94507 
 
 31-91 
 
 •02769 
 
 •97231 
 
 12-72 
 
 •05325 
 
 •94675 
 
 32-92 
 
 •02667 
 
 •97333 
 
 13-73 
 
 •05166 
 
 •94834 
 
 33-93 
 
 •02569 
 
 •97431 
 
 14-74 
 
 •05009 
 
 •94991 
 
 34-94 
 
 •02474 
 
 •97526 
 
 15-75 
 
 •04855 
 
 ■95145 
 
 35-95 
 
 •02384 
 
 •97616 
 
 16-76 
 
 •04703 
 
 •95297 
 
 36-96 
 
 •02299 
 
 •97701 
 
 17-77 
 
 •04553 
 
 •95447 
 
 37-97 
 
 •02220 
 
 •97780 
 
 18-78 
 
 •04406 
 
 •95594 
 
 38-98 
 
 •02146 
 
 •97854 
 
 19-79 
 
 •04262 
 
 •95738 
 
 39-99 
 
 •02076 
 
 •97924 
 
 A. 28. 
 Difference of age Seventy years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 0-70 
 
 1-71 
 
 2-72 
 
 3-73 
 
 4-74 
 
 5-75 
 
 6-76 
 
 7-77 
 
 8-78 
 
 9-79 
 
 10-80 
 
 11-81 
 
 12-82 
 
 13-83 
 
 14-84 
 
 Younger 
 
 Elder. 
 
 •26705 
 •19134 
 •13638 
 •09788 
 ■07169 
 ■05444 
 ■04357 
 ■03726 
 ■03429 
 ■03272 
 •03128 
 •03000 
 ■02889 
 ■02788 
 •02690 
 
 •73295 
 •80866 
 •86362 
 •90212 
 ■92831 
 ■94556 
 •95643 
 •96274 
 •96571 
 •96728 
 ■96872 
 ■97000 
 ■97111 
 ■97212 
 ■97310 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Younger 
 
 15-85 
 16-86 
 17-87 
 18-88 
 19-89 
 20-90 
 21-91 
 22-92 
 23-93 
 24-94 
 25-95 
 26-96 
 27-97 
 28-98 
 29-99 
 
 ■02595 
 •02502 
 ■0-2411 
 ■02323 
 •02238 
 ■02156 
 •02076 
 •01999 
 •01925 
 •01854 
 •01786 
 •01721 
 ■01662 
 •01608 
 •01558 
 
 Elder. 
 
 ■97405 
 ■97498 
 ■97589 
 ■97677 
 ■97762 
 ■97844 
 ■97924 
 ■98001 
 ■98075 
 ■98146 
 •98214 
 ■98279 
 ■98338 
 ■98392 
 ■98442 
 
 A. 29. 
 Difierence of age Eighty yeare. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 0-80 
 1-81 
 2-82 
 3-83 
 4-84 
 5-85 
 6-86 
 7-87 
 8-88 
 9-89 
 
 Younger 
 
 •22206 
 •15460 
 •10633 
 •07286 
 •05025 
 ■03540 
 •02606 
 ■02070 
 •01837 
 •01735 
 
 Elder. 
 
 •77794 
 •84540 
 •89367 
 •92714 
 •94975 
 •96460 
 •97394 
 •97930 
 •98163 
 •98265 
 
 Ages. 
 
 10-90 
 11-91 
 12-92 
 13-93 
 14-94 
 15-95 
 16-96 
 17-97 
 18-98 
 19-99 
 
 Younger 
 
 •01642 
 •01561 
 •01496 
 •01440 
 ■01387 
 ■01336 
 •01287 
 •01242 
 •01201 
 •01164 
 
 Elder. 
 
 •98358 
 •98439 
 •98504 
 •98560 
 •98613 
 •98664 
 •98713 
 •98758 
 •98799 
 •98836 
 
MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 19 
 
 Tabs. A. 30 and 31. 
 Shewing the relations of constantly Living, and annually Di/ing, to large intervals of age, in a 
 Stationary Population, and in a Population increasing (suddenly) ten per cent in the succes- 
 sive decennial intervals of age. 
 A. 30. Stationary Population. A. 31. Increasing Population. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 Rate 
 #■ cent. 
 
 Living. 
 
 0—5 
 5-10 
 10-20 
 20-30 
 30-40 
 40-50 
 50-60 
 60-70 
 70-80 
 80-90 
 90-100 
 
 596227 
 516294 
 979612 
 903374 
 810346 
 700415 
 574669 
 408033 
 199907 
 46556 
 2578 
 
 40096 
 
 5095 
 
 6861 
 
 8445 
 
 10164 
 
 11784 
 
 13803 
 
 19719 
 
 20077 
 
 9394 
 
 1027 
 
 6-7250 
 
 •9869 
 
 •7004 
 
 •9348 
 
 r2543 
 
 h6824 
 
 2^4019 
 
 4-8326 
 
 10-0432 
 
 20-1783 
 
 39-8503 
 
 10391 
 
 8998 
 
 17072 
 
 15744 
 
 14122 
 
 12207: 
 
 10015 
 
 7111 
 
 3484 
 
 811 
 
 45 
 
 0-100 
 
 5738010 
 
 146465 
 
 2-5525 
 
 100000 
 
 0-20 
 20-50 
 
 50-100 
 
 2092133 
 2414135 
 1231743 
 
 52052 
 30393 
 64020 
 
 2-4880 
 1-2590 
 5-1975 
 
 36461 
 42073 
 21466 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 0-10 
 
 1480766 
 
 60150 
 
 244541 
 
 9933 
 
 10-20 
 
 1185330 
 
 8302 
 
 195751 
 
 1371 
 
 20-30 
 
 993712 
 
 9290 
 
 164106 
 
 1534 
 
 30-40 
 
 810346 
 
 10164 
 
 133824 
 
 1679 
 
 40-50 
 
 636741 
 
 10713 
 
 105154 
 
 1769 
 
 50-60 
 
 474933 
 
 11407 
 
 78433 
 
 1884 
 
 60-70 
 
 306561 
 
 14815 
 
 50627 
 
 2447 
 
 70-80 
 
 136539 
 
 13713 
 
 22549 
 
 2265 
 
 80-90 
 
 28908 
 
 5833 
 
 4774 
 
 963 
 
 90-100 
 
 1455 
 
 580 
 
 240 
 
 96 
 
 0-100 
 
 6055290 
 
 144966 
 
 1000000 
 
 23940 
 
 0-20 
 
 2666096 
 
 68452 
 
 440292 
 
 11304 
 
 20-50 
 
 2440798 
 
 30166 
 
 403085 
 
 4982 
 
 50-100 
 
 948396 
 
 46348 
 
 156623 
 
 7654 
 
 Tabs. A. 32 and 33. 
 
 Health Insurance. Weekly payments equivalent to a benefit during Sickness of 100 pence per 
 week, wiien the Insurance is for the term of one year, and when it is for the term compre- 
 hended between the age of admission and the age of Fifty-Jive years. Rate of interest 
 3 per cent. 
 
 A. 32. Insurance for one year. A. 33. Insurance until aged 55. 
 
 Between 
 ages. 
 
 Weekly 
 payment 
 in pence. 
 
 Between 
 
 ages. 
 
 Weekly 
 payment 
 in pence. 
 
 Between 
 
 ages. 
 
 Weekly 
 payment 
 In pence. 
 
 20-21 
 21-22 
 
 22-23 
 23-24 
 24-25 
 25-26 
 26-27 
 27-28 
 28-29 
 29-30 
 30-31 
 31-32 
 32-33 
 33-34 
 34-35 
 35-36 
 36-37 
 37-38 
 
 1-4997 
 1-5445 
 1-5907 
 1-6383 
 1-6873 
 1-7378 
 1-7898 
 1-8433 
 1-8985 
 1-9552 
 2-0137- 
 2-0740 
 2-1360 
 2-1999 
 2 2657 
 2-3335 
 2-4033 
 2^4751 
 
 38-39 
 39-40 
 40-41 
 41-42 
 42-43 
 43-44 
 44-45 
 45-46 
 46-47 
 47-48 
 48-49 
 49-50 
 50-51 
 51-52 
 52-53 
 53-54 
 54-55 
 
 2-5492 
 2-6254 
 2-7040 
 2-7848 
 2-8681 
 2-9539 
 3-0423 
 3-1333 
 3-2270 
 3-3235 
 3-4229 
 3-5263 
 3-6308 
 3-7394 
 3-8512 
 3-9664 
 4-0851 
 
 55-56 
 56-57 
 57-58 
 58-59 
 59-60 
 60-61 
 61-62 
 62-63 
 63-64 
 64-65 
 65-66 
 66-67 
 67-68 
 68-69 
 69-70 
 70-71 
 
 4-4106 
 
 4^7621 
 
 5^1416 
 
 5^5514 
 
 5-9938 
 
 6-4714 
 
 6-9871 
 
 7-5440 
 
 8-1452 
 
 8-7943 
 
 9-4951 
 
 10-2518 
 
 11-0688 
 
 11-9509^ 
 
 12-9033 
 
 13-9316 
 
 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 payment 
 in pence. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Weekly 
 payment 
 in pence. 
 
 20 
 
 2-2702 
 
 38 
 
 3-1481 
 
 21 
 
 2-3134 
 
 39 
 
 3-2029 
 
 22 
 
 2-3572 
 
 40 
 
 3-2583 
 
 23 
 
 2-4017 
 
 41 
 
 3-3143 
 
 24 
 
 2-4469 
 
 42 
 
 3-3708 
 
 25 
 
 2-4927 
 
 43 
 
 3-4279 
 
 26 
 
 2-5392 
 
 44 
 
 3-4854 
 
 27 
 
 2-5864 
 
 45 
 
 3-5435 
 
 28 
 
 2-6342 
 
 46 
 
 3-6021 
 
 29 
 
 2-6827 
 
 47 
 
 3-6611 
 
 30 
 
 2-7318 
 
 48 
 
 3-7205 
 
 31 
 
 2-7816 
 
 49 
 
 3-7803 
 
 32 
 
 2-8321 
 
 50 
 
 3-8405 
 
 33 
 
 2-8832 
 
 51 
 
 3-9010 
 
 34 
 
 2-9349 
 
 52 
 
 3-9619 
 
 35 
 
 2-9873 
 
 53 
 
 4-0229 
 
 36 
 
 3-0403 
 
 54 
 
 4-0842 
 
 37 
 
 3-0939 
 
 
 
20 
 
 MEAN MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. a. 34. Maintenance in old age. Benefit 
 100 pence per week, after the age of Sixty- 
 Jive. Weekly payments to cease at the age of 
 Fifty-Jive. 
 
 Tab. a. 35. Benefit 100 shillings 
 on the day of death. Equiva- 
 lents in quarterly and in single 
 present payments. 
 
 
 Weekly 
 
 Single 
 
 
 Weekly 
 
 Single 
 
 
 
 Quarterly 
 
 Single 
 
 Age. 
 
 payment 
 la pence. 
 
 payment 
 in pounds. 
 
 Age. 
 
 payment 
 in pence. 
 
 payment 
 in pounds. 
 
 
 Age. 
 
 payment 
 in pence. 
 
 payment 
 
 20 
 
 5-2352 
 
 21-2206 
 
 28 
 
 8-3021 
 
 28-9082 
 
 20 
 
 5-2347 
 
 37-1211 
 
 21 
 
 5-5259 
 
 22-0366 
 
 29 
 
 8-8431 
 
 30-0853 
 
 
 25 
 
 5-9530 
 
 40-1687 
 
 22 
 
 5-8380 
 
 22-8897 
 
 30 
 
 9-4336 
 
 31-3200 
 
 
 30 
 
 6-8038 
 
 43-4170 
 
 23 
 
 6-1737 
 
 23-7817 
 
 35 
 
 13-3987 
 
 38-4873 
 
 
 35 
 
 7-8295 
 
 46-8932 
 
 24 
 
 6-5354 
 
 24-7150 
 
 40 
 
 20-3183 
 
 47-7346 
 
 
 40 
 
 9-0966 
 
 50-6391 
 
 25 
 
 6-9257 
 
 25-6917 
 
 45 
 
 34-6910 
 
 59-8418 
 
 
 45 
 
 10-7154 
 
 54-7195 
 
 26 
 
 7-3478 
 
 26-7144 
 
 50 
 
 79-0212 
 
 75-9579 
 
 
 50 
 
 12-8846 
 
 59-2352 
 
 27 
 
 7-8052 
 
 27-7856 
 
 55 
 
 — 
 
 97-8125 
 
 
 55 
 60 
 
 16-0023 
 20-4397 
 
 64-3456 
 69-7441 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tab. A. 36. Shewing the values in single and in annual payments of a deferred Annuity 
 of £10, payable on the death of A, during the future portion of life which may be 
 enjoyed by another person, B. Interest 3 per cent. 
 
 B. 
 
 A. 
 
 Single 
 payment. 
 
 Annual 
 payment. 
 
 B. 
 
 A. 
 
 Single 
 payment. 
 
 Annual 
 payment. 
 
 B. 
 
 A. 
 
 Single 
 payment. 
 
 Annual 
 payment. 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 38-901 
 
 50-850 
 
 66-766 
 
 88-291 
 
 117-622 
 
 147-079 
 
 171-629 
 
 2-1752 
 
 3-0469 
 
 4-4224 
 
 6-8205 
 
 11-7484 
 
 20-8146 
 
 37-2210 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 21-031 
 27-566 
 37-188 
 52-679 
 77-242 
 103-806 
 126-862 
 
 1-3930 
 
 1-9085 
 
 2-7583 
 
 4-4147 
 
 "8-1511 
 
 15-2213 
 
 28-1027 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 7-248 
 9-523 
 12-603 
 18-065 
 30-448 
 47-622 
 65-452 
 
 -7239 
 -9733 
 1-3300 
 2-0230 
 3-9585 
 7-9711 
 15-6159 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 29-549 
 38-828 
 52-001 
 71-145 
 98-597 
 126-844 
 150-747 
 
 1-7705 
 
 2-4635 
 
 3-6002 
 
 5-6783 
 
 10-0771 
 
 18-2260 
 
 32-9918 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 13-471 
 17-627 
 23-596 
 34-084 
 53-620 
 76-986 
 98-567 
 
 1-0407 
 1-4068 
 1-9774 
 3-1317 
 6-0045 
 11-6760 
 22-2230 
 
 70 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 3-305 
 
 4-371 
 
 5-768 
 
 8-031 
 
 14-222 
 
 24-385 
 
 36-756 
 
 -4677 
 •6280 
 8458 
 1-2180 
 2^3805 
 4^9183 
 9^8781 
 
 Tab. a. 37. Shewing, at quinquennial intervals of age, the force of mortality, or the 
 number of Deaths which would occur in one year, upon 100 constantly living. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Rate 
 V cent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Rate 
 spi cent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Rate 
 ^ cent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Rate 
 !|fwcent 
 
 Age. 
 
 Rate 
 ^cent 
 
 Age. 
 
 Rate 
 ^cent. 
 
 
 
 5 
 10 
 15 
 
 14-5798 
 
 2-0595 
 
 •6364 
 
 •6953 
 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 
 -8057 
 
 ■9336 
 
 1-0818 
 
 1-2536 
 
 40 
 45 
 50 
 55 
 
 r4526 
 1-6833 
 1-9505 
 2-2602 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 70 
 75 
 
 3-3163 
 
 4-8658 
 
 7-1392 
 
 10-47'49 
 
 80 
 85 
 90 
 95 
 
 15-3692 
 22-5502 
 33-0865 
 48-5458 
 
 100 
 
 105 
 110 
 115 
 
 71-2281 
 104-5084 
 153-3386 
 224-9838 
 
VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 21 
 
 Tab. B. 1. 
 
 Tab. B. 2. 
 
 Shewing, at the end of any number of 
 years from birth, — the Living out of a 
 given number born, — also the Dying 
 in the year succeediag. 
 
 Shewing, at every age of life, in logarithms, — the 
 probability of living one year (x,a),- — and the 
 Living out of a given number born (x a). 
 
 i 
 
 Living.' 
 
 Dying. 
 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 
 
 151403-0 
 
 18909-6 
 
 50 
 
 68966-3 
 
 1128-4 
 
 1 
 
 132493-4 
 
 11427-5 
 
 51 
 
 67838-0 
 
 1142-8 
 
 2 
 
 121065-9 
 
 7162-1 
 
 52 
 
 66695-2 
 
 1156-9 
 
 3 
 
 113903-8 
 
 4600-6 
 
 53 
 
 65538-3 
 
 1170-5 
 
 4 
 
 109303-2 
 
 3004-6 
 
 54 
 
 64367-8 
 
 1183-7 
 
 5 
 
 106298-6 
 
 1984-4 
 
 55 
 
 63184-1 
 
 1224-9 
 
 6 
 
 104314-1 
 
 1320-6 
 
 56 
 
 61959-2 
 
 1295-8 
 
 7 
 
 102993-5 
 
 883-3 
 
 57 
 
 60663-4 
 
 1368-7 
 
 8 
 
 102110-2 
 
 592-9 
 
 58 
 
 59294-7 
 
 1443-1 
 
 9 
 
 101517-3 
 
 481-9 
 
 59 
 
 57851-6 
 
 1518-7 
 
 10 
 
 101035-4 
 
 511-4 
 
 60 
 
 56332-8 
 
 1595-0 
 
 11 
 
 100524-0 
 
 5240 
 
 61 
 
 54737-8 
 
 1671-5 
 
 12 
 
 100000-0 
 
 536-8 
 
 62 
 
 53066-4 
 
 1747-4 
 
 13 
 
 99463-2 
 
 549-8 
 
 63 
 
 51319-0 
 
 1822-1 
 
 14 
 
 98913-3 
 
 563-1 
 
 64 
 
 49496-8 
 
 1894-8 
 
 15 
 
 98350-2 
 
 576-6 
 
 65 
 
 47602-1 
 
 1964-4 
 
 16 
 
 97773-6 
 
 690-4 
 
 66 
 
 45637-7 
 
 2030-0 
 
 17 
 
 97183-3 
 
 604-2 
 
 67 
 
 43607-6 
 
 2090-6 
 
 18 
 
 96579-0 
 
 618-4 
 
 68 
 
 41517-0 
 
 2144-8 
 
 19 
 
 95960-6 
 
 632-8 
 
 69 
 
 39372-2 
 
 2191-5 
 
 20 
 
 95327-9 
 
 647-3 
 
 70 
 
 37180-7 
 
 2229-4 
 
 21 
 
 94680'5 
 
 662-1 
 
 71 
 
 34951-4 
 
 2257-2 
 
 22 
 
 94018-4 
 
 677-1 
 
 72 
 
 32694-1 
 
 2273-7 
 
 23 
 
 93341-4 
 
 692-2 
 
 73 
 
 30420-4 
 
 2277-7 
 
 24 
 
 92649-2 
 
 707-5 
 
 74 
 
 28142-7 
 
 2268-2 
 
 25 
 
 91941-6 
 
 723-1 
 
 75 
 
 25874-5 
 
 2244-1 
 
 26 
 
 91218-5 
 
 738-8 
 
 76 
 
 23630-4 
 
 2205-0 
 
 27 
 
 90479-8 
 
 754-6 
 
 77 
 
 21425-4 
 
 2150-3 
 
 28 
 
 89725-2 
 
 770-6 
 
 78 
 
 19275-2 
 
 2080-0 
 
 29 
 
 88954-6 
 
 786-7 
 
 79 
 
 17195-2 
 
 1994-5 
 
 30 
 
 88167-8 
 
 803-0 
 
 80 
 
 15200-7 
 
 1894-5 
 
 31 
 
 87364-8 
 
 819-4 
 
 81 
 
 13306-1 
 
 1781-3 
 
 32 
 
 86545-5 
 
 835-8 
 
 82 
 
 11524-8 
 
 1656-5 
 
 33 
 
 85709-6 
 
 852-4 
 
 83 
 
 9868-3 
 
 1522-3 
 
 34 
 
 84857-2 
 
 869-0 
 
 84 
 
 8346-0 
 
 1381-1 
 
 35 
 
 83988-2 
 
 885-8 
 
 85 
 
 6964-9 
 
 1235-7 
 
 36 
 
 83102-4 
 
 902-5 
 
 86 
 
 5729-2 
 
 1089-3 
 
 37 
 
 82200-0 
 
 919-2 
 
 87 
 
 4639-9 
 
 944-8 
 
 38 
 
 81280-8 
 
 936-0 
 
 88 
 
 3695-1 
 
 805-3 
 
 39 
 
 80344-8 
 
 952-7 
 
 89 
 
 2889-8 
 
 673-7 
 
 40 
 
 79392-1 
 
 969-4 
 
 90 
 
 2216-2 
 
 552-2 
 
 41 
 
 78422-7 
 
 986-0 
 
 91 
 
 1664-0 
 
 442-8 
 
 42 
 
 77436-7 
 
 1002-6 
 
 92 
 
 1221-2 
 
 346-8 
 
 43 
 
 76434-1 
 
 1019-0 
 
 93 
 
 874-4 
 
 264-8 
 
 44 
 
 75415-2 
 
 1035-2 
 
 94 
 
 609-6 
 
 196-6 
 
 45 
 
 74379-9 
 
 1051-4 
 
 95 
 
 413-0 
 
 141-8 
 
 46 
 
 73328-5 
 
 1067-3 
 
 96 
 
 271-2 
 
 99-0 
 
 47 
 
 72261-2 
 
 1083-0 
 
 97 
 
 172-2 
 
 66-7 
 
 48 
 
 71178-3 
 
 1098-4 
 
 98 
 
 105-5 
 
 43-3 
 
 49 
 
 70079-9 
 
 1113-5 
 
 99 
 
 62-2 
 
 27-1 
 
 A.a 
 
 [-9420598 
 •9608276 
 -9735162 
 -9820948 
 -9878946 
 •9918157 
 •9944668 
 •9962591 
 •9974708 
 -9979336 
 •9977962 
 -9977303 
 -9976624 
 -9975925 
 -9975205 
 -9974463 
 •9973699 
 -9972913 
 •9972102 
 •9971268 
 •9970408 
 •9969523 
 •9968612 
 -9967673 
 -9966706 
 -9965710 
 •9964684 
 •9963628 
 •9962540 
 •9961419 
 •9960265 
 •9959077 
 •9957853 
 -9956592 
 •9955293 
 •9953956 
 •9952579 
 •9951160 
 •9949700 
 •9948195 
 •9946645 
 •9945050 
 -9943406 
 -9941713 
 -9939970 
 -9938174 
 •9936325 
 •9934420 
 •9932458 
 •9930438 
 
 Aa 
 
 •1801345 
 •1221943 
 •0830219 
 ■0565381 
 •0386329 
 -0265275 
 •0183432 
 •0128100 
 •0090691 
 •0065399 
 •0044735 
 •0022697 
 •0000000 
 [■9976624 
 •9952549 
 •9927754 
 •9902217 
 •9875916 
 •9848829 
 •9820931 
 •9792199 
 -9762607 
 -9732130 
 •9700742 
 •9668415 
 •9635121 
 •9600831 
 •9565515 
 •9529143 
 -9491683 
 •9453102 
 •9413367 
 •9372444 
 •9330297 
 •9286889 
 •9242182 
 •9196138 
 •9148717 
 ■9099877 
 •9049577 
 •8997772 
 -8944417 
 -8889467 
 •8832873 
 -8774586 
 •8714556 
 -8652730 
 -8589055 
 -8523475 
 ■8455933 
 
 A.a 
 
 :-9928358 
 -9926215 
 •9924007 
 •9921735 
 •9919392 
 •9914982 
 •9908207 
 •9900891 
 •9892993 
 •9884466 
 •9875259 
 •9865318 
 •9854585 
 •9842996 
 •9830484 
 •9816975 
 •9802389 
 •9786641 
 •9769638 
 •9751280 
 •9731459 
 -9710058 
 •9686952 
 •9662005 
 ■9635069 
 ■9605987 
 •9574587 
 •9540685 
 •9504081 
 ■9464560 
 ■9421890 
 ■9375819 
 ■9326076 
 ■9272370 
 ■9214383 
 ■9151775 
 ■9084178 
 ■9011194 
 ■8932395 
 ■8847314 
 ■8755455 
 ■8656274 
 -8549189 
 -8433570 
 -8308738 
 -8173958 
 -8028436 
 -7871318 
 •7701679 
 •7518520 
 
 Pia 
 
 [•8386371 
 •8314729 
 •8240944 
 •8164951 
 •8086686 
 •8006078 
 •7921060 
 •7829267 
 •7730158 
 •7623151 
 •7507617 
 •7382876 
 •7248194 
 •7102779 
 •6945775 
 •6776259 
 •6593234 
 •6395623 
 •6182264 
 •5951902 
 -5703182 
 -5434641 
 •5144699 
 •4831651 
 •4493656 
 •4128725 
 -3734712 
 -3309299 
 -2849984 
 -2354065 
 •1818625 
 -1240515 
 -0616334 
 1-9942410 
 -9214780 
 -84-29163 
 -7580938 
 -6665116 
 -5676310 
 -4608705 
 •3456019 
 •2211474 
 •0867748 
 ! -9416937 
 -7850507 
 •6159245 
 •4333203 
 •2361639 
 ■0232957 
 i^7934636 
 
22 
 
 VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. B. 3. The Expectation of complete years, at all ages; or the value of Annuity 
 of £1, when there is no interest of money. 
 
 - 
 
 Expecto. 
 
 
 Expect", 
 
 4 
 
 Expect". 
 
 1 
 
 Expect". 
 
 i 
 
 Expect". 
 
 4 
 
 < 
 
 Expect". J> 
 
 Expect". 
 
 
 
 39-4556 
 
 15 
 
 44-5490 
 
 30 
 
 33-8378 
 
 45 
 
 23-7501 
 
 60 
 
 13-9704! 
 
 75 
 
 6-6232 
 
 90 
 
 2-4662 
 
 1 
 
 44-0867 
 
 16 
 
 43-8117 
 
 31 
 
 33-1488 
 
 46 
 
 23-0906 
 
 61 
 
 13-3775 
 
 76 
 
 6-2522 
 
 91 
 
 2-2846 
 
 2 
 
 47-2481 
 
 17 
 
 43-0779 
 
 32 
 
 32-4627 
 
 47 
 
 22-4317 
 
 62 
 
 12-7989 
 
 77 
 
 5-8956 
 
 92 
 
 2-1130 
 
 3 
 
 49-2190 
 
 18 
 
 42-3474 
 
 33 
 
 31-7792 
 
 48 
 
 21-7730 
 
 63 
 
 12-2347 
 
 78 
 
 5-5533 
 
 93 
 
 1-9511 
 
 4 
 
 50-2906 
 
 19 
 
 41-6203 
 
 34 
 
 31-0984 
 
 49 
 
 21-1142 
 
 64 
 
 11-6850 
 
 79 
 
 5-2251 
 
 94 
 
 1-7984, 
 
 5 
 
 50-7121 
 
 20 
 
 40-8966 
 
 35 
 
 30-4202 
 
 50 
 
 20-4552 
 
 65 
 
 11-1502 
 
 80 
 
 4-9107 
 
 95 
 
 1-6547 
 
 6 
 
 50-6769 
 
 21 
 
 40-1762 
 
 36 
 
 29-7445 
 
 51 
 
 19-7954 
 
 66 
 
 10-6301 
 
 81 
 
 4-6099 
 
 96 
 
 1-5196 
 
 7 
 
 50-3267 
 
 22 
 
 39-4591: 
 
 37 
 
 29-0710 
 
 52 
 
 19-1346 
 
 67 
 
 10-1250 
 
 82 
 
 4-3224 
 
 97 
 
 1-3927 
 
 8 
 
 49-7620 
 
 23 
 
 38-7454- 
 
 38 
 
 28-3998 
 
 53 
 
 18-4724 
 
 68 
 
 9-6348 
 
 83 
 
 4-0480 
 
 98 
 
 1-2737 
 
 9 
 
 49-0527 
 
 24 
 
 38-0348 
 
 39 
 
 27-7306 
 
 54 
 
 17-8083 
 
 69 
 
 9-1597 
 
 84 
 
 3-7863 
 
 99 
 
 1-1622 
 
 10 
 
 48-2866 
 
 25 
 
 37-3275 
 
 40 
 
 27-0634 
 
 55 
 
 17-1419 
 
 70 
 
 8-6996 
 
 85 
 
 3-5371 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 47-5323 
 
 26 
 
 36-6234 
 
 41 
 
 26-3979 
 
 56 
 
 16-4808 
 
 71 
 
 8-2545 
 
 86 
 
 3-3000 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 46-7813 
 
 27 
 
 35-9224 
 
 42 
 
 25-7341 
 
 57 
 
 15-8328 
 
 72 
 
 7-8243 87 
 
 3-0747 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 46-0338 
 
 28 
 
 35-2246 
 
 43 
 
 25-0716 
 
 58 
 
 15-1983 73 
 
 7-4092 88 
 
 2-8609 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 45-2«97 
 
 29 
 
 34-5297 
 
 44 
 
 24-4104 
 
 59 
 
 14-5774 74 
 
 7-0088 89 
 
 2-6582 
 
 
 
 Tab. B. 4. Shewing the present value of Annuity of £l, depending on a single life. 
 
 3#'cent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 5 Vcent 
 
 3 f cent 
 
 4 ^ cent 
 
 5 V cent 
 
 accent 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 5^ cent 
 
 8833 
 0487 
 5993 
 6462 
 3073 
 6851 
 8598 
 8907 
 8202 
 6781 
 '5048 
 ■3331 
 ■1590 
 ■9825 
 ■8036 
 6222 
 ■4383 
 ■2518 
 0627 
 8711 
 ■6767 
 ■4797 
 ■2799 
 ■0772 
 ■8718 
 ■6634 
 ■4520 
 ■2375 
 0200 
 ■7992 
 ■5752 
 3477 
 1168 
 8823 
 
 14-7461 
 16-5247 
 17-8079 
 18-6847 
 19-2500 
 19-5859 
 19-7569 
 19-8106 
 19-7812 
 19-6926 
 19-5780 
 19-4648 
 19-3494 
 19-2320 
 19-1124 
 18-9907 
 18-8668 
 18-7407 
 18-6123 
 18-4815 
 18-3483 
 18-2127 
 18-0746 
 17-9340 
 17-7907 
 17-6447 
 17-4959 
 17-3443 
 17-1898 
 17-0322 
 16-8716 
 16-7077 
 16-5406 
 16-3699 
 
 12-4756 
 13-9690 
 15-0519 
 15-7983 
 16-2864 
 16-5841 
 16-7445 
 16-8072 
 •16-8002 
 16-7433 
 16-6643 
 16-5865 
 16-5071 
 16-4260 
 16-3432 
 16-2586 
 16-1722 
 16-0839 
 15-9938 
 15-9017 
 15-8076 
 15-7115 
 15-6132 
 15-5128 
 15-4101 
 15-3052 
 15-1978 
 15-0880 
 14-9756 
 14-8606 
 14-7429 
 14-6223 
 14-4988 
 14-3722 
 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 51 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 57 
 58 
 59 
 60 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 66 
 67 
 
 6442 
 4022 
 1563 
 9063 
 6521 
 3934 
 1302 
 8622 
 5893 
 3110 
 0274 
 7380 
 4425 
 1407 
 8322 
 5166 
 1936 
 8625 
 5230 
 1746 
 8166 
 ■4484 
 0754 
 ■7033 
 3326 
 ■9638 
 5972 
 2331 
 8721 
 5145 
 1607 
 8111 
 4661 
 1260 
 
 16-1957 
 
 16-0179 
 
 15-8361 
 
 15-6504 
 
 15-4605 
 
 15-2662 
 
 15-0674 
 
 14-8638 
 
 14-6551 
 
 14-4413 
 
 14-2218 
 
 13-9966 
 
 13-7651 
 
 13-5272 
 
 13-2823 
 
 13-0301 
 
 12-7701 
 
 12-5018 
 
 12-2247 
 
 11-9381 
 
 11-6414 
 
 11-3339 
 
 11-0202 
 
 10-7059 
 
 10-3911 
 
 10-0763 
 
 9-7619 
 
 9-4482 
 
 9-1356 
 
 8-8246 
 
 8-5154 
 
 8-2085 
 
 7-9043 
 
 7-6032 
 
 2424 
 1093 
 9726 
 8323 
 6882 
 5401 
 3877 
 2308 
 0693 
 9027 
 7309 
 5535 
 3702 
 1805 
 9841 
 7806 
 5693 
 3498 
 1215 
 8837 
 6357 
 3767 
 1110 
 8433 
 5740 
 3035 
 0320 
 7600 
 ■4877 
 2155 
 9439 
 6731 
 ■4035 
 ■1356 
 
 68 
 69 
 70 
 71 
 72 
 73 
 74 
 75 
 76 
 77 
 78 
 79 
 80 
 81 
 82 
 83 
 84 
 85 
 86 
 87 
 88 
 89 
 90 
 91 
 92 
 93 
 94 
 95 
 96 
 97 
 98 
 99 
 
 7-7912 
 7-4621 
 7-1390 
 6-8222 
 6-5120 
 6-2087 
 5-9125 
 5-6238 
 5-3426 
 5-0692 
 4-8037 
 4-5463 
 4-2971 
 4-0562 
 3-8237 
 3-5995 
 3-3837 
 3-1763 
 2-9772 
 2-7865 
 2-6039 
 2-4294 
 2-2629 
 2-1043 
 1-9533 
 1-8099 
 1-6739 
 1-5450 
 1-4231 
 1-3080 
 1-1995 
 1-0973 
 
 7-3055 
 7-0116 
 6-7218 
 6-4366 
 6-1563 
 5-8811 
 5-6113 
 5-3473 
 5-0894 
 4-8377 
 4-5924 
 4-3539 
 4-1222 
 3-8974 
 3-6798 
 3-4694 
 3-2663 
 3-0706 
 8822 
 7012 
 5275 
 3611 
 2020 
 2-0500 
 1-9051 
 1-7671 
 1-6359 
 1-5115 
 1-3935 
 1-2819 
 1-1765 
 1-0771 
 
 6-8696 
 6-6060 
 6-3452 
 6-0874 
 5-8331 
 5-5825 
 5-3360 
 0940 
 4-8566. 
 4-6243 
 4-16972 
 4-1755 
 3-9596 
 3-7495 
 3-5455 
 3-3477 
 3-1562 
 2-9711 
 2-7926 
 2-6206 
 2-4551 
 2-2963 
 2-1440 
 1-9982 
 1-8590 
 1-7261 
 1-5996 
 1-4793 
 1-3651 
 1-2568 
 1-1544 
 1-0577 
 
VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 23 
 
 Tabs. B. 5, 6, and 7. Shewing the values of Annuity depending on the co-existence or joint continuance of 
 two lives, whose common difference of age is 0, 5, or 10 years. 
 
 B. 5. 
 
 B. 6. 
 
 B. 7. 
 
 Equal ages. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 cent 
 
 
 1 
 
 2—2 
 3—3 
 4—4 
 5—5 
 6—6 
 7—7 
 8—8 
 9—9 
 10-10 
 11-11 
 12-12 
 13-13 
 14-14 
 15-15 
 16-16 
 17-17 
 18-18 
 19-19 
 20-20 
 21-21 
 22-22 
 23-23 
 24-24 
 25-25 
 26-26 
 27-27 
 28-28 
 29-29 
 30-30 
 31-31 
 32-32 
 33-33 
 34-34 
 35-35 
 36-36 
 37-37 
 38-38 
 39-39 
 40-40 
 41-41 
 42-42 
 43-43 
 44-44 
 45-45 
 46-46 
 47-47 
 48-48 
 49-49 
 
 9-4836 
 11-8791 
 13-7966 
 15-2097 
 16-1777 
 16-7893 
 17-1316 
 17-2767 
 17-2799 
 17-1817 
 17-0398 
 16-9022 
 16-7629 
 16-6221 
 16-4798 
 16-3358 
 16-1902 
 16-0430 
 15-8941 
 15-7436 
 15-5914 
 15-4376 
 15-2820 
 15-1247 
 14-9656 
 14-8047 
 14-6419 
 14-4773 
 14-3107 
 14-1421 
 13-9714 
 13-7986 
 13-6236 
 13-4462 
 13-2664 
 13-0841 
 12-8991 
 12-7112 
 12-5204 
 12-3263 
 12-1289 
 11-9278 
 11-7228 
 11-5137 
 11-3000 
 11-0814 
 10-8575 
 10-6278 
 10-3918 
 10-1489 
 
 Ages. 
 
 'cent 
 
 50-50 
 51-51 
 52-52 
 53-53 
 54-54 
 55-55 
 56-56 
 57-57 
 58-58 
 59-59 
 60-60 
 61-61 
 62-62 
 63-63 
 64-64 
 65-65 
 66-66 
 67-67 
 68-68 
 69-69 
 70-70 
 71-71 
 72-72 
 73-73 
 74-74 
 75-75 
 76-76 
 77-77 
 78-78 
 79-79 
 80-80 
 81-81 
 82-82 
 83-83 
 84-84 
 85-85 
 86-86 
 87-87 
 88-88 
 89-89 
 90-90 
 91-91 
 92-92 
 93-93 
 94-94 
 95-95 
 96-96 
 97-97 
 98-98 
 99-99 
 
 8984 
 
 9-6397 
 
 9-3718 
 
 9-0938 
 
 8-8046 
 
 8-5031 
 
 8-1963 
 
 8922 
 
 7-5912 
 
 7-2937 
 
 6-9999 
 
 6-7104 
 
 6-4253 
 
 6-1452 
 
 5-8702 
 
 5-6007 
 
 6-3369 
 
 5-0792 
 
 4-8277 
 
 4-5828 
 
 4-3445 
 
 4-1130 
 
 3-8886 
 
 3-6713 
 
 3-4612 
 
 3-2584 
 
 3-0629 
 
 2-8748 
 
 2-6941 
 
 2-5207 
 
 2-3546' 
 
 2-1958 
 
 2-0441 
 
 1-8994 
 
 1-7617 
 
 1-6308 
 
 1-5066 
 
 1-3889 
 
 1-2776 
 
 1-1724 
 
 1-0733 
 
 -9799 
 
 -8922 
 
 -8100 
 
 •7330 
 
 -6611 
 
 -5941 
 
 •5318 
 
 -4740 
 
 -4205 
 
 Difference of age Five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 0—5 
 
 1—6 
 
 2—7 
 
 3—8 
 
 4-9 
 
 5-10 
 
 6-11 
 
 7-12 
 
 8-13 
 
 9-14 
 
 10-15 
 
 11-16 
 
 12-17 
 
 13-18 
 
 14-19 
 
 15-20 
 
 16-21 
 
 17-22 
 
 18-23 
 
 19-24 
 
 20-25 
 
 21-26 
 
 22-27 
 
 23-28 
 
 24-29 
 
 25-30 
 
 26-31 
 
 27-32 
 
 28-33 
 
 29-34 
 
 30-35 
 
 31-36 
 
 32-37 
 
 33-38 
 
 34-39 
 
 35-40 
 
 36-41 
 
 37-42 
 
 38-43 
 
 39-44 
 
 40-45 
 41-46 
 42-47 
 43-48 
 44-49 
 45-50 
 46-51 
 47-52 
 
 12-5945 
 14-2525 
 15-4297 
 16-2034 
 16-6634 
 16-9X348 
 17-0066 
 17-0075 
 16-9371 
 16-8159 
 16-6726 
 16-5305 
 16-3868 
 16-2414 
 16-0944 
 15-9457 
 15-7954 
 15-6434 
 15-4897 
 15-3342 
 15-1770 
 15-0180 
 14-8571 
 14-6944 
 14-5297 
 14-3630 
 14-1944 
 14-0236 
 13-8506 
 13-6753 
 13-4977 
 13-3176 
 13-1350 
 12-9496 
 12-7613 
 12-5700 
 12-3755 
 12-1775 
 11-9758 
 11-7701 
 11-5603 
 11-3458 
 11-1264 
 10-9016 
 10-6709 
 10-4339 
 10-1899 
 9-9383 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'oent 
 
 48-53 
 
 49-54 
 
 50-55 
 
 51^6 
 
 52-57 
 
 53-58 
 
 54-59 
 
 55-60 
 
 56-61 
 
 57-62 
 
 58-63 
 
 59-64 
 
 60-65 
 
 61-66 
 
 62-67 
 
 63-68 
 
 64-69 
 
 65-70 
 
 66-71 
 
 67-72 
 
 68-73 
 
 69-74 
 
 70-75 
 
 71-76 
 
 72-77 
 
 73-78 
 
 74-79 
 
 75-80 
 
 76-81 
 
 77-82 
 
 78-83 
 
 79-84 
 
 80-85 
 
 81 
 
 82-87 
 
 83-88 
 
 84-89 
 
 85-90 
 
 86-91 
 
 87-92 
 
 88-93 
 
 89-94 
 
 90-95 
 
 91-96 
 
 92-97 
 
 93-98 
 
 94-99 
 
 95-100 
 
 9-6783 
 
 9-4091 
 
 9-1297 
 
 8-8437 
 
 8-5549 
 
 8-2631 
 
 9682 
 
 7-6697 
 
 7-3712 
 
 0765 
 
 6-7858 
 
 6-4995 
 
 6-2180 
 
 5-9417 
 
 5-6707 
 
 5-4054 
 
 5-1461 
 
 4-8930 
 
 4-6463 
 
 4-4062 
 
 4-1730 
 
 3-9467 
 
 3-7275 
 
 3-5155 
 
 3-3108 
 
 1134 
 
 2-9234 
 
 2-7407 
 
 2-5654 
 
 2-3974 
 
 2-2366 
 
 2-0831 
 
 1-9366 
 
 1-7971 
 
 1-6645 
 
 1-5385 
 
 1-4191 
 
 1-3061 
 
 1-1994 
 
 1-0987 
 
 1-0038 
 
 -9147 
 
 -8310 
 
 •7527 
 
 -6794 
 
 -6112 
 
 -5476 
 
 -4887 
 
 Difference of age Ten years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 0-10 
 
 1-11 
 
 2-12 
 
 3-13 
 
 4-14 
 
 5-15 
 
 6-16 
 
 7-17 
 
 8-18 
 
 9-19 
 
 10-20 
 
 11-21 
 
 12-22 
 
 13-23 
 
 14-24 
 
 15-25 
 
 16-26 
 
 17-27 
 
 18-28 
 
 19-29 
 
 20-30 
 
 21-31 
 
 22-32 
 
 23-33 
 
 24-34 
 
 25-35 
 
 26-36 
 
 27-37 
 
 28-38 
 
 29-39 
 
 30-40 
 
 31-41 
 
 32-42 
 
 33-43 
 
 34-44 
 
 35-45 
 36-46 
 37-47 
 38-48 
 39-49 
 40-50 
 41-51 
 42-52 
 43-53 
 44-54 
 
 4 #"0601 
 
 12-6734 
 14-1381 
 15-1758 
 15-8658 
 16-2905 
 16-5207 
 16-6117 
 16-6040 
 16-5265 
 16-3993 
 16-2504 
 16-1025 
 15-9529 
 15-8016 
 15-6485 
 15-4935 
 15-3368 
 15-1782 
 15-0176 
 14-8552 
 14-6907 
 14-5242 
 14-3555 
 14-1847 
 14-0116 
 13-8361 
 13-6582 
 13-"4778 
 13-2946 
 13-1086 
 12-9197 
 12-7276 
 12-5321 
 12-3331 
 12-1303 
 11-9235 
 11-7123 
 11-4964 
 11-2754 
 11-0490 
 10-8166 
 10-5777 
 10-3318 
 10-0782 
 9-8161 
 
 45-55 
 46-56 
 47-^7 
 48-58 
 49-59 
 50-60 
 51-61 
 52-62 
 53-63 
 54-64 
 55-65 
 56-66 
 57-67 
 58-68 
 59-69 
 60-70 
 61-71 
 62-72 
 63-73 
 64-74 
 65-75 
 66-76 
 67-77 
 68-78 
 69-79 
 70-80 
 71-81 
 72-82 
 73-83 
 74-84 
 75-85 
 76-86 
 77-87 
 78-88 
 79-89 
 80-90 
 81-91 
 82-92 
 83-93 
 84-94 
 85-95 
 86-96 
 87-97 
 88-98 
 89-99 
 
 'cent 
 
 9-5447 
 9-2679 
 8-9899 
 8-7109 
 8-4308 
 8-1498 
 7-8679 
 7-5849 
 7-^009 
 7-0156 
 6-7288 
 6-4435 
 6-1630 
 5-8877 
 5-6178 
 5-3537 
 5-0956 
 4-8437 
 4-5983 
 4-3596 
 4-1277 
 3-9028 
 3-6850 
 3-4744 
 3-2712 
 3-0752 
 2-8867 
 2-7055 
 2-5316 
 2-3650 
 2-2057 
 2-0536 
 1-9085 
 1-7704 
 1-6390 
 1-5144 
 1-3963 
 1-2845 
 1-1790 
 1-0794 
 -9857 
 -8977 
 -8151 
 -7378 
 -6655 
 
24 
 
 VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 Tabs. D. 8, 9, 10. Shewing the value of Annuity depending on the co-existence or joint continuance of two 
 lives, whose common difference of age is IS, iOy^ot 25 years. 
 
 B. 8. 
 
 B. 9. 
 
 Difference of age Fifteen years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 0-15 
 
 12-3809 
 
 43-58 
 
 9-0039 
 
 1-16 
 
 13-8006 
 
 44-59 
 
 8-7274 
 
 2-17 
 
 14-8028 
 
 45-60 
 
 8-4509 
 
 3-18 
 
 15-4653 
 
 46-61 
 
 8-1747 
 
 4-19 
 
 15-8689 
 
 47-62 
 
 7-8990 
 
 5-20 
 
 16-0828 
 
 48-63 
 
 7-6239 
 
 6-21 
 
 16-1608 
 
 49-64 
 
 7-3496 
 
 7-22 
 
 16-1426 
 
 50-65 
 
 7-0762 
 
 8-23 
 
 16-0564 
 
 51-66 
 
 6-8037 
 
 9-24 
 
 15-9217 
 
 52-67 
 
 6-5.321 
 
 10-25 
 
 15-7655 
 
 53-68 
 
 6-2614 
 
 11-26 
 
 15-6102 
 
 54-69 
 
 5-9915 
 
 12-27 
 
 15-4529 
 
 55-70 
 
 5-7220 
 
 13-28 
 
 15-2936 
 
 56-71 
 
 5-4556 
 
 14-29 
 
 15-1324 
 
 57-72 
 
 5-1951 
 
 15-30 
 
 14-9690 
 
 58-73 
 
 4-9408 
 
 16-31 
 
 14-8035 
 
 59-74 
 
 4-6929 
 
 17-32 
 
 14-6358 
 
 60-75 
 
 4-4515 
 
 18-33 
 
 14-4658 
 
 61-76 
 
 4-2170 
 
 19-34 
 
 14-2935 
 
 62-77 
 
 3-9894 
 
 20-35 
 
 14-1188 
 
 63-78 
 
 3-7688 
 
 21-36 
 
 13-9415 
 
 64-79 
 
 3-5554 
 
 22-37 
 
 13-7615 
 
 65-80 
 
 3-3493 
 
 23-38 
 
 13-5788 
 
 66-81 
 
 3-1505 
 
 24-39 
 
 13-3932 
 
 67-82 
 
 2-9591 
 
 25-40 
 
 13-2046 
 
 68-83 
 
 2-7750 
 
 26-41 
 
 13-0127 
 
 69-84 
 
 2-5983 
 
 27-42 
 
 12-8175 
 
 70-85 
 
 2-4289 
 
 28-43 
 
 1-2-6186 
 
 71-86 
 
 2-2668 
 
 29-44 
 
 12-4159 
 
 72-87 
 
 2-1119 
 
 30-45 
 
 12-2091 
 
 73-88 
 
 1-9641 
 
 31-46 
 
 11-9979 
 
 74-89 
 
 1-82.32 
 
 32-47 
 
 11-7819 
 
 75-90 
 
 1-6893 
 
 33-48 
 
 11-5610 
 
 76-91 
 
 1-5621 
 
 34-49 
 
 11-3345 
 
 77-92 
 
 1-4414 
 
 35-50 
 
 11-1022 
 
 78-93 
 
 1-3272 
 
 36-51 
 
 10-8634 
 
 79-94 
 
 1-2193 
 
 37-52 
 
 10-6177 
 
 80-95 
 
 1-1174 
 
 38-53 
 
 10-3644 
 
 81-96 
 
 1-0215 
 
 39-54 
 
 10-1029 
 
 82-97 
 
 -9313 
 
 40-55 
 
 9-8322 
 
 83-98 
 
 -8466 
 
 41-56 
 
 9-5566 
 
 84-99 
 
 •7672 
 
 42-57 
 
 9-2804 
 
 85-100 
 
 •6930 
 
 Difference of age Twenty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 f cent 
 
 0-20 
 
 12-0498 
 
 40-60 
 
 8-6546 
 
 1-21 
 
 13-4182 
 
 41-61 
 
 8-3776 
 
 2-22 
 
 14-3797 
 
 42-62 
 
 8-1015 
 
 3-23 
 
 15-0105 
 
 43-63 
 
 7-8267 
 
 4-24 
 
 15-3895 
 
 44-64 
 
 7-5535 
 
 5-25 
 
 15-5842 
 
 45-65 
 
 7-2820 
 
 6-26 
 
 15-6468 
 
 46-66 
 
 7-0125 
 
 7-27 
 
 15-6159 
 
 47-67 
 
 6-7453 
 
 8-28 
 
 15-5188 
 
 48-68 
 
 6-4804 
 
 9-29 
 
 15-3744 
 
 49-69 
 
 6-2182 
 
 10-30 
 
 15-2090 
 
 50-70 
 
 5-9586 
 
 11-31 
 
 15-0439 
 
 51-71 
 
 5-7019 
 
 12-32 
 
 14-8766 
 
 52-72 
 
 5-4480 
 
 13-33 
 
 14-7068 
 
 53-73 
 
 5-1969 
 
 14-34 
 
 14-5346 
 
 54-74 
 
 4-9485 
 
 15-35 
 
 14-3599 
 
 55-75 
 
 4-7024 
 
 16-36 
 
 14-1825 
 
 56-76 
 
 4-4608 
 
 17-37 
 
 14-0023 
 
 57-77 
 
 4-2260 
 
 18-38 
 
 13-8192 
 
 58-78 
 
 3-9981 
 
 19-39 
 
 13-6331 
 
 59-79 
 
 3-7773 
 
 20^0 
 
 13-4438 
 
 60-80 
 
 3-5636 
 
 21-41 
 
 13-2511 
 
 61-81 
 
 3-3572 
 
 22-12 
 
 13-0549 
 
 62-82 
 
 3-1581 
 
 23-43 
 
 12-8550 
 
 63-83 
 
 2-9664 
 
 24-44 
 
 12-6511 
 
 64-84 
 
 2-7821 
 
 25-45 
 
 12-4429 
 
 65-85 
 
 2-6051 
 
 26-46 
 
 12-2302 
 
 66-86 
 
 2-4354 
 
 27-47 
 
 12-0126 
 
 67-87 
 
 2-2730 
 
 28-i8 
 
 11-7899 
 
 68-88 
 
 2-1178 
 
 29-49 
 
 11-5615 
 
 69-89 
 
 1-9697 
 
 30-50 
 
 11-3272 
 
 70-90 
 
 1-8286 
 
 31-51 
 
 11-0863 
 
 71-91 
 
 1-6944 
 
 32-52 
 
 10-8383 
 
 72-92 
 
 1-5669 
 
 33-53 
 
 10-5827 
 
 73-93 
 
 1-4460 
 
 34-54 
 
 10-3187 
 
 74-94 
 
 1-3316 
 
 35-55 
 
 10-0456 
 
 75-95 
 
 1-2234 
 
 36-56 
 
 9-7675 
 
 76-96 
 
 1-1213 
 
 37-57 
 
 9-4891 
 
 77-97 
 
 1-0251 
 
 38-58 
 
 9-2106 
 
 78-98 
 
 -9347 
 
 39-59 
 
 8-9324 
 
 79-99 
 
 •8497 
 
 
 B. 10. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 Difference of age Tweniy-five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 0-25 
 
 11-6757 
 
 38-63 
 
 7-9698 
 
 1-26 
 
 12-9857 
 
 39-64 
 
 7-6938 
 
 2-27 
 
 13-9006 
 
 40-65 
 
 7-4199 
 
 3-28 
 
 14-4949 
 
 41-66 
 
 7-1483 
 
 4-29 
 
 14-8453 
 
 42-67 
 
 6-8794 
 
 5-30 
 
 15-0171 
 
 43-68 
 
 6-6134 
 
 6-31 
 
 15-0612 
 
 44-69 
 
 6-3506 
 
 7-32 
 
 15-0147 
 
 45-70 
 
 6-0913 
 
 8-33 
 
 14-9033 
 
 46-71 
 
 5-8356 
 
 9-34 
 
 14-7466 
 
 47-72 
 
 5-5839 
 
 10-35 
 
 14-5690 
 
 48-73 
 
 5-3363 
 
 11-36 
 
 14-3912 
 
 49-74 
 
 5-0929 
 
 12-37 
 
 14-2104 
 
 50-75 
 
 4-8539 
 
 13-38 
 
 14-0267 
 
 51-76 
 
 4-6194 
 
 14-39 
 
 13-8397 
 
 52-77 
 
 4-3894 
 
 15-40 
 
 13-6494 
 
 53-78 
 
 4-1638 
 
 16-41 
 
 13-4556 
 
 54-79 
 
 3-9425 
 
 17-42 
 
 13-2581 
 
 55-80 
 
 3-7251 
 
 18-43 
 
 13-0567 
 
 56-81 
 
 3-5131 
 
 19^4 
 
 12-8511 
 
 57-82 
 
 3-3085 
 
 20-45 
 
 12-6411 
 
 58-83 
 
 3-1112 
 
 21-46 
 
 12-4264 
 
 59-84 
 
 2-9213 
 
 22-47 
 
 12-2067 
 
 60-85 
 
 2-7387 
 
 23-48 
 
 11-9816 
 
 61-86 
 
 2-5634 
 
 24-49 
 
 11-7508 
 
 62-87 
 
 2-3955 
 
 25-^0 
 
 11-5137 
 
 63-88 
 
 2-2349 
 
 26-51 
 
 11-2699 
 
 64-89 
 
 2-0814 
 
 27-52 
 
 11-0188 
 
 65-90 
 
 1-9350 
 
 28-53 
 
 10-7600 
 
 66-91 
 
 1-7956 
 
 29-54 
 
 10-4926 
 
 67-92 
 
 1-6630 
 
 30-55 
 
 10-2159 
 
 68-93 
 
 1-5371 
 
 31-56 
 
 9-9341 
 
 69-94 
 
 1-4] 78 
 
 32-57 
 
 9-6521 
 
 70-95 
 
 1-3049 
 
 33-58 
 
 9-3700 
 
 71-96 
 
 1-1982 
 
 34-59 
 
 9-0883 
 
 72-97 
 
 1-0976 
 
 35-60 
 
 8-8071 
 
 73-98 
 
 1-0028 
 
 36-61 
 
 8-5267 
 
 74-99 
 
 -9137 
 
 37-62 
 
 8-2475 
 
 75-100 
 
 •8301 
 
VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 25 
 
 Tabs. B. 11, 12, 13, and 14. Shewing the Talues of Annuity depending on the co-existence or joint continuance 
 
 of two lives, whose common difference of age is 30, 35, 40, or 45 years. 
 
 B. 11. B. 12. 
 
 Difference of age ThWty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 # cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 ^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 0-30 
 
 11-2519 
 
 24-54 
 
 10-6400 
 
 48-78 
 
 4-2470 
 
 1-31 
 
 12-4950 
 
 25-55 
 
 10-3596 
 
 49-79 
 
 4-0288 
 
 2-32 
 
 13-3561 
 
 26-56 
 
 10-0741 
 
 50-80 
 
 3-8162 
 
 3-33 
 
 13-9077 
 
 27-57 
 
 9-7882 
 
 51-81 
 
 3-6094 
 
 4-34 
 
 14-2242 
 
 28-58 
 
 9-5023 
 
 52-82 
 
 3-4082 
 
 5-35 
 
 14-3687 
 
 29-59 
 
 9-2167 
 
 63-83 
 
 3-2126 
 
 6-36 
 
 14-3900 
 
 30-60 
 
 8-9316 
 
 54-84 
 
 3-0223 
 
 7-37 
 
 14-3239 
 
 31-61 
 
 8-6474 
 
 55-85 
 
 2-8370 
 
 8-38 
 
 14-1957 
 
 32-62 
 
 8-3643 
 
 56-86 
 
 2-6578 
 
 9-39 
 
 14-0227 
 
 33-63 
 
 8-0828 
 
 57-87 
 
 2-4859 
 
 10-40 
 
 13-8290 
 
 34-64 
 
 7-8032 
 
 58-88 
 
 2-3213 
 
 11-41 
 
 13-6340 
 
 35-65 
 
 7-5256 
 
 59-89 
 
 2-1640 
 
 12-42 
 
 13-4352 
 
 36-66 
 
 7-2505 
 
 60-90 
 
 2-0137 
 
 13-43 
 
 13-2323 
 
 37-67 
 
 6-9782 
 
 61-91 
 
 1-8705 
 
 14-44 
 
 13-0250 
 
 38-68 
 
 6-7090 
 
 62-92 
 
 1-7342 
 
 15-45 
 
 12-8132 
 
 39-69 
 
 6-4432 
 
 63-93 
 
 1-6047 
 
 16-46 
 
 12-5965 
 
 40-70 
 
 6-1810 
 
 64-94 
 
 1-4819 
 
 17-47 
 
 12-3746 
 
 41-71 
 
 5-9228 
 
 65-95 
 
 1-3655 
 
 18-48 
 
 12-1471 
 
 42-72 
 
 5-6688 
 
 66-96 
 
 1-2554 
 
 19-49 
 
 11-9137 
 
 43-73 
 
 5-4193 
 
 67-97 
 
 1-1515 
 
 20-50 
 
 11-6739 
 
 44-74 
 
 5-1746 
 
 68-98 
 
 1-0536 
 
 21-51 
 
 11-4272 
 
 45-75 
 
 4-9348 
 
 69-99 
 
 -9614 
 
 22-52 
 
 11-1730 
 
 46-76 
 
 4-7001 
 
 70-100 
 
 -8748 
 
 23-53 10-9109 
 
 47-77 
 
 4-4708 
 
 
 
 Difference of age Thirty-five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 f cent 
 
 Ages, 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 f cent! 
 
 0-35 
 
 10-7709 
 
 22-57 
 
 9-9060 
 
 44-79I4-O770I 
 
 1-36 
 
 11-9369 
 
 23-58 
 
 9-6165 
 
 45-80 
 
 3-8632 
 
 2-37 
 
 12-7354 
 
 24-59 
 
 9-3272 
 
 46-81 
 
 3-6556 
 
 3-38 
 
 13-2368 
 
 25-60 
 
 9-0385 
 
 47-82 
 
 3-4542 
 
 4-39 
 
 13-5128 
 
 26-61 
 
 8-7506 
 
 48-83;3-2593| 
 
 5-40 
 
 13-6240 
 
 27-62 
 
 8-4639 
 
 49-84 
 
 3-0707 
 
 6-41 
 
 13-6169 
 
 28-63 
 
 8-1787 
 
 50-85 
 
 2-8886 
 
 7-42 
 
 13-5258 
 
 29-64 
 
 7-8954 
 
 51-86 
 
 2-7128 
 
 8^3 
 
 13-3747 
 
 30-65 
 
 7-6142 
 
 52-87 
 
 2-5434 
 
 9-44 
 
 13-1799 
 
 31-66 
 
 7-3356 
 
 53-88 
 
 2-3800 
 
 10-45 
 
 12-9642 
 
 32-67 
 
 7-0598 
 
 54-89 
 
 2-2226 
 
 11-46 
 
 12-7457 
 
 33-68 
 
 6-7871 
 
 55-90 
 
 2-0706 
 
 12-47 
 
 12-5217 
 
 34-69 
 
 6-5178 
 
 56-91 
 
 1-9247 
 
 13-48 
 
 12-2921 
 
 35-70 
 
 6-2523 
 
 57-92 
 
 1-7858 
 
 14-49 
 
 12-0563 
 
 36-71 
 
 5-9909 
 
 58-93 
 
 1-6537 
 
 15-50 
 
 11-8140 
 
 37-72 
 
 5-7338 
 
 59-94 
 
 1-5283 
 
 16-51 
 
 11-5646 
 
 38-73 
 
 5-4814 
 
 60-95 
 
 1-4094 
 
 17-52 
 
 11-3076 
 
 39-74 
 
 5-2338 
 
 61-96 
 
 1-2970 
 
 18-53 
 
 11-0423 
 
 40-75 
 
 4-9913 
 
 62-97 
 
 1-1907 
 
 19-54 
 
 10-7682 
 
 41-76 
 
 4-7542 
 
 63-98 
 
 1-0905 
 
 20-55 
 
 10-4844 
 
 42-77 
 
 4-5227 
 
 64-99 
 
 •9961 
 
 21-56 
 
 10-1954 
 
 43-78 
 
 4-2969 
 
 65-100 
 
 -9074 
 
 
 
 B. 
 
 13. 
 
 
 
 Difference of age Forty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'oent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 #■ cent 
 
 0-40 
 
 10-2205 
 
 20-60 
 
 9-1319 
 
 40-80 
 
 3-8979 
 
 1-41 
 
 11-2965 
 
 21-61 
 
 8-8408 
 
 41-81 
 
 3-6882 
 
 2-42 
 
 12-0210 
 
 22-62 
 
 8-5508 
 
 42-82 
 
 3-4850 
 
 3-43 
 
 12-4623 
 
 23-63 
 
 8-2623 
 
 43-83 
 
 3-2884 
 
 4-44 
 
 12-6887 
 
 24-64 
 
 7-9757 
 
 44-84 
 
 3-0983 
 
 5-45 
 
 12-7582 
 
 25-65 
 
 7-6913 
 
 45-85 
 
 ,2-9149 
 
 6-46 
 
 12-7148 
 
 26-66 
 
 7-4093 
 
 46-86 
 
 2-7382 
 
 7-47 
 
 12-5907 
 
 27-67 
 
 7-1303 
 
 47-87 
 
 2-5682 
 
 8^8 
 
 12-4086 
 
 28-68 
 
 6-8544 
 
 48-88 
 
 2-4049 
 
 9-49 
 
 12-1837 
 
 29-69 
 
 6-5820 
 
 49-89 
 
 2-2482 
 
 10-50 
 
 11-9371 
 
 30-70 
 
 6-3135 
 
 50-90 
 
 2-0981 
 
 11-51 
 
 11-6853 
 
 31-71 
 
 6-0490 
 
 51-91 
 
 1-9544 
 
 12-52 
 
 11-4257 
 
 32-72 
 
 5-7890 
 
 52-92 
 
 1-8171 
 
 13-53 
 
 11-1577 
 
 33-73 
 
 5-5336 
 
 53-93 
 
 1-6859 
 
 14-54 
 
 10-8807 
 
 34-74 
 
 5-2833 
 
 54-94 
 
 1-5606 
 
 15-55 
 
 10-5939 
 
 35-75 
 
 5-0381 
 
 55-95 
 
 1-4407 
 
 16-56 
 
 10-3018 
 
 36-76 
 
 4-7983 
 
 56-96 
 
 1-3265 
 
 17-57 
 
 10-0092 
 
 37-77 
 
 4-5643 
 
 57-97 
 
 1-2186 
 
 18-58 
 
 9-7164 
 
 38-78 
 
 4-3361 
 
 58-98 
 
 1-1168 
 
 19-59 
 
 9-4239 
 
 39-79 
 
 4-1139 
 
 59-99 
 
 1-0209 
 
 
 
 B. 14. 
 
 
 
 Difference of age Forty-five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 f cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 #■ cent 
 
 0-45 
 
 9-5833 
 
 19-64 
 
 8-0460 
 
 38-83 
 
 3-3123 
 
 1-46 
 
 10-5523 
 
 20-65 
 
 7-7587 
 
 39-84 
 
 3-1206 
 
 2-47 
 
 11-1877 
 
 21-66 
 
 7-4739 
 
 40-85 
 
 2-9356 
 
 3-48 
 
 11-5550 
 
 22-67 
 
 7-1920 
 
 41-86 
 
 2-7574 
 
 4r-49 
 
 11-7192 
 
 23-68 
 
 6-9133 
 
 42-87 
 
 2-5861 
 
 5-50 
 
 11-7349 
 
 24-69 
 
 6-6382 
 
 43-88 
 
 2-4215 
 
 6-51 
 
 11-6433 
 
 25-70 
 
 6-3669 
 
 44-89 
 
 2-2636 
 
 7-52 
 
 11-4744 
 
 26-71 
 
 6-0997 
 
 45-90 
 
 2-1125 
 
 8-53 
 
 11-2491 
 
 27-72 
 
 5-8371 
 
 46-91 
 
 1-9680 
 
 9-54 
 
 10-9814 
 
 28-73 
 
 5-5792 
 
 47-92 
 
 1-8301 
 
 10-55 
 
 10-6901 
 
 29-74 
 
 5-3263 
 
 48-93 
 
 1-6986 
 
 11-56 
 
 10-3952 
 
 30-75 
 
 5-0787 
 
 49-94 
 
 1-5735 
 
 12-57 
 
 10-0997 
 
 31-76 
 
 4-8366 
 
 50-95 
 
 1-4546 
 
 13-58 
 
 9-8042 
 
 32-77 
 
 4-6002 
 
 51-96 
 
 1-3418 
 
 14-59 
 
 9-5088 
 
 33-78 
 
 4-3698 
 
 52-97 
 
 1-2349 
 
 15-60 
 
 9-2139 
 
 34-79 
 
 4-1455 
 
 53-98 
 
 1-1337 
 
 16-61 
 
 8-9198 
 
 35-80 
 
 3-9275 
 
 54-99 
 
 1-0379 
 
 17-62 
 
 8-6269 
 
 36-81 
 
 3-7158 
 
 55-100 
 
 -9471 
 
 18-63 
 
 8-3356 
 
 37-82 
 
 3-5108 
 
 
 
26 
 
 VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 Tabs. B. 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. Shewing the values of Annuity depending on the co-existence or joint 
 continuance of two lives, whose common difference of age is 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70 years. 
 
 B. 15. 
 
 B. 16. 
 
 Difference of age Fifty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4$* cent 
 
 0-^0 
 
 8-8332 
 
 17-67 
 
 7-2460 
 
 34-84 
 
 3-1399 
 
 1-51 
 
 9-6723 
 
 18-68 
 
 6-9649 
 
 35-85 
 
 2-9535 
 
 2-52 
 
 10-1973 
 
 19-6916-6873 
 
 36-86 
 
 2-7740 
 
 3-53 
 
 10-4710 
 
 20-70 
 
 6-4136 
 
 37-87 
 
 2-6014 
 
 4-54 
 
 10-6545 
 
 21-71 
 
 6-1441 
 
 38-88 
 
 2-4356 
 
 5-55 
 
 10-4984 
 
 22-72 
 
 5-8791 
 
 39-89 
 
 2-2766 
 
 6-56 
 
 10-3460 
 
 23-73 
 
 5-6189 
 
 40-90 
 
 2-1244 
 
 7-57 
 
 10-1306 
 
 24-74 
 
 5-3639 
 
 41-91 
 
 1-9789 
 
 8-58 
 
 9-8723 
 
 25-75 
 
 5-1141 
 
 42-92 
 
 1-8401 
 
 9-59 
 
 9-5848 
 
 26-76 
 
 4-8699 
 
 43-93 
 
 1-7078 
 
 10-60 
 
 9-2857 
 
 27-77 
 
 4-6316 
 
 44-94 
 
 1-5819 
 
 11-61 
 
 8-9891 
 
 28-78 
 
 4-3992 
 
 45-95 
 
 1-4623 
 
 12-62 
 
 8-6936 
 
 29-79 
 
 4-1730 
 
 46-96 
 
 1-3489 
 
 13-63 
 
 8-3997 
 
 30-80 
 
 3-9532 
 
 47-97 
 
 1-2415 
 
 14-64 
 
 8-1076 
 
 31-81 
 
 3-7399 
 
 48-98 
 
 1-1399 
 
 15-65 
 
 7-8178 
 
 32-82 
 
 3-5332 
 
 49-99 
 
 1-0441 
 
 16-66 
 
 7-5305 
 
 33-83 
 
 3-3332 
 
 SO-100 
 
 •9538 
 
 Difference of age Fifty-five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4$" cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^cen( 
 
 Ages. 
 
 Aiffeeax 
 
 0-55 
 
 7-9297 
 
 16-71 
 
 6-1828 
 
 32-87 
 
 2-6147 
 
 l-,56 
 
 8-6102 
 
 17-72 
 
 5-9158 
 
 33-88 
 
 2-4478 
 
 2-57 
 
 9-0092 
 
 18-73 
 
 5-6537 
 
 34-89 
 
 2-2879 
 
 3-58 
 
 9-1886 
 
 19-74 
 
 5-3966 
 
 35-90 
 
 2-1348 
 
 4-59 
 
 9-2068 
 
 20-76 
 
 5-1450 
 
 36-91 
 
 1-9885 
 
 5-60 
 
 9-1111 
 
 21-76 
 
 4-8990 
 
 37-92 
 
 1-8488 
 
 6-61 
 
 8-9372 
 
 22-77 
 
 4-6589 
 
 38-93 
 
 1-7157 
 
 7-62 
 
 8-7103 
 
 23-78 
 
 4-4249 
 
 39-94 
 
 1-5891 
 
 8-63 
 
 8-4482 
 
 24-79 
 
 4-1971 
 
 40-95 
 
 1-4689 
 
 9-64 
 
 8-1628 
 
 25-80 
 
 3-9757 
 
 41-96 
 
 1-3549 
 
 10-65 
 
 7-8694 
 
 26-81 
 
 3-7608 
 
 42-97 
 
 1-2469 
 
 11-66 
 
 7-6798 
 
 27-82 
 
 3-5527 
 
 43-98 
 
 1-1449 
 
 12-67 
 
 7-2932 
 
 28-83 
 
 3-3513 
 
 44-99 
 
 1-0485 
 
 13-68 
 
 7-0099 
 
 29-84 
 
 3-1568 
 
 43-100 
 
 -9578 
 
 14-69 
 
 6-7302 
 
 30-85 
 
 2-9691 
 
 
 
 15-70 
 
 6-4544 
 
 31-86 
 
 2-7884 
 
 
 
 B. 17. 
 
 B. 18. 
 
 B. 19. 
 
 Difference of age Sixty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 . 
 
 0-60 
 
 1-61 
 
 2-62 
 
 3-63 
 
 4-64 
 
 6-65 
 
 6-66 
 
 7-67 
 
 8-( 
 
 9-69 
 
 10-70 
 
 11-71 
 
 12-72 
 
 13-73 
 
 14-74 
 
 15-75 
 
 16-76 
 
 17-77 
 
 18-78 
 
 19-79 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 6-9156 
 7-4582 
 7-7560 
 7-8654 
 7-8381 
 7-7156 
 7-5289 
 7-2996 
 7-0429 
 6-7687 
 6-4899 
 6-2166 
 5-9478 
 5-6839 
 5-4252 
 5-1720 
 4-9244 
 4-6827 
 4-4472 
 4-2180 
 
 Ages. 
 
 20-80 
 21-81 
 22-82 
 23-83 
 24-84 
 25-85 
 26-86 
 27-87 
 28-88 
 29-89 
 30-90 
 31-91 
 32-92 
 33-93 
 34-94 
 35-95 
 36-96 
 37-97 
 38-98 
 39-99 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 -9952 
 
 -7791 
 
 ■5697 
 
 -3671 
 
 -1714 
 
 -9827 
 
 •8010 
 
 -6263 
 
 -4585 
 
 •2977 
 
 ■1438 
 
 •9967 
 
 ■8564 
 
 ■7226 
 
 5954 
 
 4746 
 
 3601 
 
 2516 
 
 1491 
 
 0524 
 
 Difference of age Sixty-fioe years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 0-65 
 
 5-8949 
 
 18-83 
 
 3^3808 
 
 1-66 
 
 6-3073 
 
 19-84 
 
 3-1842 
 
 2-67 
 
 6-5129 
 
 20-85 
 
 2-9945 
 
 3-68 
 
 6-5618 
 
 21-86 
 
 2-8119 
 
 4-69 
 
 6-4989 
 
 22-87 
 
 2-6363 
 
 5-70 
 
 6-3596 
 
 23-88 
 
 2-4678 
 
 6-71 
 
 6-1697 
 
 24-89 
 
 2-3062 
 
 7-72 
 
 5-9474 
 
 25-90 
 
 2-1516 
 
 8-73 
 
 5^705 1 
 
 26-91 
 
 2-0039 
 
 9-74 
 
 5^4510 
 
 27-92 
 
 1-8629 
 
 10-75 
 
 5^1954 
 
 28-93 
 
 1-7286 
 
 11-76 
 
 4^9465 
 
 29-94 
 
 1-6009 
 
 12-77 
 
 4^7035 
 
 30-95 
 
 1-4796 
 
 13-78 
 
 4^4666 
 
 31-96 
 
 1-3646 
 
 14-79 
 
 4^2362 
 
 32-97 
 
 1-2567 
 
 15-80 
 
 4-0122 
 
 23-98 
 
 1-1528 
 
 16-81 
 
 3-7949 34-99 
 
 1-0557 
 
 17-82 
 
 3^5844 35-100 
 
 •9643 
 
 Difference of age Seventy years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^cenf 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 0-70 
 
 4-9008 
 
 16-86 
 
 2-8214 
 
 1-71 
 
 5- 1958 
 
 17-87 
 
 26451 
 
 2-72 
 
 5-3219 
 
 18-88 
 
 2-4758 
 
 3-73 
 
 6-3225 
 
 19-89 
 
 2-3136 
 
 4-74 
 
 5-2363 
 
 20-90 
 
 2-1584 
 
 5-75 
 
 5-0894 
 
 21-91 
 
 2-0101 
 
 6-764-9059 
 
 22-92 
 
 1^8686 
 
 7-77 
 
 4-6993 
 
 23-93 
 
 1-7338 
 
 8-78 
 
 4-4796 
 
 24-94 
 
 r6056 
 
 9-79 
 
 4-2527 
 
 25-95 
 
 1-4839 
 
 10-80 
 
 4-0270 
 
 26-96 
 
 1-3685 
 
 11-81 
 
 3-8087 
 
 27-97 
 
 1-2593 
 
 12-82 
 
 3-5973 
 
 28-98 
 
 M560 
 
 13-83 
 
 3-3927 
 
 29-99 
 
 1-0586 
 
 14-84 
 
 3-1952 
 
 30-100 
 
 -9669 
 
 15-86 
 
 3-0047 
 
 
 
VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 27 
 
 Tabs. B. 20 and 21 . Shewing the values of Annuity depending on the co-existence or joint continuance of 
 
 two lives, whose common difference of age is 75, or 80 years. 
 
 B. 20. B. 21. 
 
 Difference of age Seventy-five years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 f cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 #' cent 
 
 0-75 
 
 3-9652 
 
 9-84 
 
 3-2054 
 
 18-93 
 
 1-7383 
 
 1-76 
 
 4-1599 
 
 10-85 
 
 3-0136 
 
 19-94 
 
 1-6097 
 
 2-77 
 
 4-2220 
 
 11-86 
 
 2-8296 
 
 20-95 
 
 1-4876 
 
 3-78 
 
 4-1875 
 
 12-87 
 
 2-6526 
 
 21-96 
 
 1-3719 
 
 4-79 
 
 4-0873 
 
 13-88 
 
 2-4828 
 
 22-97 
 
 1-2623 
 
 5-80 
 
 3-9446 
 
 14-89 
 
 2-3200 
 
 23-98 
 
 1-1588 
 
 6-81 
 
 3-7755 
 
 15-90 
 
 2-1643 
 
 24-99 
 
 1-0611 
 
 7-82 
 
 3-5916 
 
 16-91 
 
 2-0155 
 
 25-100 
 
 •9691 
 
 8-83 
 
 3-4000 
 
 17-92 
 
 1-8735 
 
 
 
 Difference of age Eighty years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 f cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 0-80 
 
 3-1152 
 
 7-87 
 
 2-6469 
 
 14-94 
 
 1-6133 
 
 1-81 
 
 3-2293 
 
 8-88 
 
 2-4865 
 
 15-95 
 
 1-4909 
 
 2-82 
 
 3-2436 
 
 9-89 
 
 2-3260 
 
 16-96 
 
 1-3748 
 
 3-83 
 
 3-1874 
 
 10-90 
 
 2-1694 
 
 17-97 
 
 1-2650 
 
 4-84 
 
 3-0845 
 
 11-91 
 
 2-0202 
 
 18-98 
 
 1-1612 
 
 5-85 
 
 2-9526 
 
 12-92 
 
 1-8778 
 
 19-99 
 
 1-0633 
 
 6-86 
 
 2-8040 
 
 13-93 
 
 1-7422 
 
 
 
 Tab. B. 22. Shewing the values of a Temporary Assurance of £100, — in one single present 
 payment, or in annual payments continued during the term of years insured. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Annual Premium. 
 
 Single Premium. 
 
 Age. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Five 
 
 Tea 
 
 Fifteen 
 
 Twenty 
 
 Five 
 
 Ten 
 
 Fifteen 
 
 Twenty 
 
 
 
 yean. 
 
 years. 
 
 years. 
 
 years. 
 
 years. 
 
 years. 
 
 years. 
 
 years. 
 
 
 20 
 
 •6911 
 
 •7394 
 
 -7877 
 
 ■8355 
 
 31572 
 
 6-0494 
 
 8-6826 
 
 11-0628 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 •8004 
 
 •8560 
 
 •9115 
 
 •9662 
 
 3-6484 
 
 6-9701 
 
 9-9726 
 
 12-6643 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 •9268 
 
 •9909 
 
 P0546 
 
 1-1169 
 
 4-2143 
 
 8-0237 
 
 11-4387 
 
 14-4708 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 1^0730 
 
 1-1468 
 
 1^2198 
 
 1-2908 
 
 4-8653 
 
 9-2270 
 
 13^0996 
 
 16-5001 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 1^2421 
 
 1-3270 
 
 1-4105 
 
 1-5278 
 
 5-6137 
 
 10-5982 
 
 14^9749 
 
 19-2233 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 1^4377 
 
 1-5352 
 
 1-6879 
 
 1-9060 
 
 6-4730 
 
 12-1567 
 
 17^6739'23-4674 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
 1^6638 
 
 1^8767 
 
 2-1762 
 
 2-5055 
 
 7-4579|l4-6973'22-2863,29-7409 
 
 50 
 
 65 
 
 2^16]6 
 
 2-5751 
 
 3-0162 
 
 3-4479 
 
 9-6139,19-6920 29-6916 38-4353 
 
 56 
 
 60 
 
 3-1498 
 
 3-7249 
 
 4-3016 
 
 4-8089 
 
 13-7528 27-2621 39-330248-7192 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 4-6753 
 
 5-3544 
 
 6-0654 
 
 6-5964 
 
 19-4606 36-8263 50-3446 58-9504 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 65 
 
 Tab. B. 23. Contingent Assurance. Benefit £lOO. on the death of (A), provided that this person (A) 
 dies before another person (B). Interest 4 per cent. 
 
 A. 
 
 B. 
 
 single 
 payment. 
 
 Annual 
 
 payment. 
 
 A. 
 
 B. 
 
 Single 
 payment. 
 
 AnDual 
 payment. 
 
 A. 
 
 B. 
 
 Single 
 payment. 
 
 Annual 
 payment. 
 
 A. 
 
 B. 
 
 Single 
 payment. 
 
 Annual 
 payment. 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 18-093 
 
 15-936 
 
 13-537 
 
 10^958 
 
 8^061 
 
 5^408 
 
 3-313 
 
 1-090 
 1-016' 
 -937 
 -865 
 •796 
 •729 
 -663 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 30-910 
 28-386 
 24-752 
 19-954 
 14-341 
 9-499 
 5-845 
 
 2-140 
 2-039 
 1-885 
 1-689 
 1-485 
 1-323 
 1-193 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 40-295 
 38-102 
 34-597 
 29-042 
 21-372 
 13-855 
 8-191 
 
 3-179 
 3-091 
 2-928 
 2-665 
 2-336 
 1-991 
 1-701 
 
 60 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 60 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 52-971 
 51-198 
 48-526 
 43-437 
 34-616 
 24-002 
 14-708 
 
 6-228 
 5-165 
 5-026 
 4-747 
 4-327 
 3-778 
 3-223 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 60 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 23-715 
 21^210 
 18-077 
 14-486 
 10-603 
 7-147 
 4-407 
 
 1-511 
 1-417 
 1-299 
 1'176 
 1-068 
 •977 
 •890 
 
 45 
 
 15 
 25 
 36 
 46 
 65 
 65 
 75 
 
 36-140 
 34-198 
 31-226 
 26-766 
 20-658 
 14-040 
 8-803 
 
 2-616 
 2-544 
 2-416 
 2-216 
 1-959 
 1-695 
 1-483 
 
 55 
 
 15 
 25 
 36 
 45 
 55 
 65 
 75 
 
 47-087 
 45-394 
 42-959 
 38-785 
 31-725 
 22-029 
 13-739 
 
 4-061 
 3-996 
 3-889 
 3-678 
 3-338 
 2-860 
 2-409 
 
 70 
 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 70 
 80 
 
 66-077 
 64-724 
 62-882 
 59-381 
 51-562 
 39-722 
 26-785 
 
 8-913 
 8^850 
 8^757 
 8^534 
 8-115 
 7^432 
 6-573 
 
28 
 
 VILLAGE MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. B. 24. Shewing the Annual Payments equivalent to £100. in the year of death,— 
 when the Assurance is for one year, and when it extends over the whole of life. Rate 
 of interest 4 per cent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 One year. 
 
 For life. 
 
 Age. 
 
 One year. 
 
 For life. 
 
 Age. 
 
 One year. 
 
 For life. 
 
 Age. 
 
 One year. 
 
 For life. 
 
 
 
 12-0092 
 
 2^5046 
 
 25 
 
 •7562 
 
 1-5173 
 
 50 
 
 1-5731 
 
 3-4159 
 
 75 
 
 8-3395 
 
 11-9085 
 
 1 
 
 8-2932 
 
 l^8601 
 
 26 
 
 •7787 
 
 1-5604 
 
 51 
 
 1^6198 
 
 3-5602 
 
 76 
 
 8^9721 
 
 12-5759 
 
 2 
 
 5'6884 
 
 1-4708 
 
 27 
 
 •8019 
 
 1^6051 
 
 52 
 
 1^6678 
 
 3-7155 
 
 77 
 
 9^6500 
 
 13-2840 
 
 3 
 
 3-8836 
 
 1^2339 
 
 28 
 
 •8258 
 
 1-6514 
 
 53 
 
 1-7173 
 
 3-8830 
 
 78 
 
 10^3761 
 
 14-0352 
 
 4 
 
 2-6432 
 
 b0921 
 
 29 
 
 •8504 
 
 1-6995 
 
 54 
 
 1-7682 
 
 4-0644 
 
 79 
 
 11-1531 
 
 14-8319 
 
 5 
 
 1-7950 
 
 P0115 
 
 30 
 
 •8757 
 
 1-7493 
 
 65 
 
 1-8640 
 
 4-2616 
 
 80 
 
 11-9842 
 
 15-6769 
 
 6 
 
 1-2173 
 
 •9715 
 
 31 
 
 •9018 
 
 1-8011 
 
 56 
 
 2-0110 
 
 4-4731 
 
 81 
 
 12-8723 
 
 16^5727 
 
 7 
 
 -8247 
 
 •9591 
 
 32 
 
 •9286 
 
 1-8549 
 
 57 
 
 2-1694 
 
 4-6966 
 
 82 
 
 13-8208 
 
 17^5221 
 
 8 
 
 •5583 
 
 -9659 
 
 33 
 
 •9563 
 
 1-9109 
 
 58 
 
 2-3402 
 
 4-9326 
 
 83 
 
 14-8327 
 
 18^5280 
 
 9 
 
 •4564 
 
 -9865 
 
 34 
 
 •9847 
 
 1-9692 
 
 59 
 
 2-5242 
 
 5-1821 
 
 84 
 
 15-9112 
 
 19-5931 
 
 10 
 
 •4867 
 
 1-0134 
 
 35 
 
 VOUO 
 
 2-0300 
 
 60 
 
 2-7225 
 
 5-4459 
 
 85 
 
 17-0597 
 
 20-7203 
 
 11 
 
 •5012 
 
 1-0403 
 
 36 
 
 1-0442 
 
 2-0934 
 
 61 
 
 2-9361 
 
 5-7249 
 
 86 
 
 18^2813 
 
 21-9125 
 
 12 
 
 •5161 
 
 1-0680 
 
 37 
 
 1-0753 
 
 2-1597 
 
 62 
 
 3-1662 
 
 6-0200 
 
 87 
 
 19-5790 
 
 23-1724 
 
 13 
 
 •5315 
 
 1-0965 
 
 38 
 
 1-1072 
 
 2-2290 
 
 63 
 
 3-4140 
 
 6-33-24 
 
 88 
 
 20-9558 
 
 24-5027 
 
 14 
 
 •5474 
 
 1-1259 
 
 39 
 
 1-1401 
 
 2-3016 
 
 64 
 
 3^6808 
 
 6-6631 
 
 89 
 
 22-4147 
 
 25-9060 
 
 15 
 
 •5637 
 
 1-1562 
 
 40 
 
 1-1741 
 
 2-3776 
 
 65 
 
 3-9680 
 
 7-0133 
 
 90 
 
 23-9580 
 
 27-3847 
 
 16 
 
 •5805 
 
 1-1874 
 
 41 
 
 1-2089 
 
 2-4575 
 
 66 
 
 4^2771 
 
 7-3843 
 
 91 
 
 25-5881 
 
 28-9410 
 
 17 
 
 •5978 
 
 1-2195 
 
 42 
 
 1-2448 
 
 2-5415 
 
 67 
 
 4-6096 
 
 7-7774 
 
 92 
 
 27^3067 
 
 30-5765 
 
 18 
 
 •6157 
 
 1-2527 
 
 43 
 
 1-2818 
 
 2-6300 
 
 68 
 
 4-9674 
 
 8-1941 
 
 93 
 
 29-1154 
 
 32-2929 
 
 19 
 
 •6340 
 
 1-2869 
 
 44 
 
 P3199 
 
 2-7234 
 
 69 
 
 5-3520 
 
 8-6358 
 
 94 
 
 31^0149 
 
 34-0910 
 
 20 
 
 •6529 
 
 1-3222 
 
 45 
 
 1-3591 
 
 2-8220 
 
 70 
 
 5-7655 
 
 9-1041 
 
 95 
 
 33-0054 
 
 35-9713 
 
 21 
 
 •6724 
 
 1-3587 
 
 46 
 
 1-^995 
 
 2-9265 
 
 71 
 
 6-2098 
 
 9-6008 
 
 96 
 
 35-0863 
 
 37-9335 
 
 22 
 
 •6924 
 
 1-3964 
 
 47 
 
 1^4410 
 
 3-0375 
 
 72 
 
 6-6870 
 
 10-1276 
 
 97 
 
 37-2561 
 
 39-9767 
 
 23 
 
 •7130 
 
 1-4354 
 
 48 
 
 1-4:838 
 
 3-1555 
 
 73 
 
 7-1995 
 
 10-6865 
 
 98 
 
 39-5124 
 
 42-0990 
 
 24 
 
 •7343 
 
 1-4756 49 
 
 1-5278 
 
 3-2814 
 
 74 
 
 7-7495 
 
 1 1-2794 
 
 99 
 
 41-8515 
 
 44-2975 
 
 Tab. B. 25. Values of Annuity on the joint continuance of three lives, whose differences 
 of age are and 30 years. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4 ^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4^ cent 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cenl 
 
 Ages. 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 0-30-30 
 
 9-5190 
 
 18-48-48 
 
 9-7004 
 
 36-66-66 
 
 5-0200 
 
 54-84-84 
 
 1^6768 
 
 1-31-31 
 
 10-5216 
 
 19-49-49 
 
 9-4742 
 
 37-67-67 
 
 4-7809 
 
 55-85-85 
 
 1-5509 
 
 2-32-32 
 
 11-2031 
 
 20-50-50 
 
 9-2415 
 
 38-68-68 
 
 4-5476 
 
 56-86-86 
 
 1-4308 
 
 3-33-33 
 
 11-6266 
 
 21-51-51 
 
 9-0015 
 
 39-69-69 
 
 4-3200 
 
 57-87-87 
 
 1-3172 
 
 4-34-34 
 
 11-8550 
 
 22-52-52 
 
 8-7533 
 
 40-70-70 
 
 4-0985 
 
 58-88-88 
 
 1-2098 
 
 5-35-35 
 
 11-9414 
 
 23-53-53 
 
 8-4960 
 
 41-71-71 
 
 3-8832 
 
 59-89-89 
 
 M085 
 
 6-36-36 
 
 11-9265 
 
 24-54-54 
 
 8-2286 
 
 42-72-72 
 
 3-6742 
 
 60-90-90 
 
 1-0131 
 
 7-37-37 
 
 11-8400 
 
 25-55-55 
 
 7-9497 
 
 43-73-73 
 
 3-4716 
 
 61-91-91 
 
 •9234 
 
 8-38-38 
 
 11-7026 
 
 26-56-56 
 
 7-6660 
 
 44-74-74 
 
 3-2756 
 
 62-92-92 
 
 •8392 
 
 9-39-39 
 
 11-5287 
 
 27-57-57 
 
 7-3848 
 
 45-75-75 
 
 3-0861 
 
 63-93-93 
 
 •7603 
 
 10-40-40 
 
 11-3379 
 
 28-58-58 
 
 7-1064 
 
 46-76-76 
 
 2-9033 
 
 64-94-94 
 
 •6866 
 
 11-41-41 
 
 11-1462 
 
 29-59-59 
 
 6-8313 
 
 47-77-77 
 
 2-7272 
 
 65-95-95 
 
 •6178 
 
 12-42-42 
 
 10-9514 
 
 30-60-60 
 
 6-5596 
 
 48-78-78 
 
 2-5577 
 
 66-96-96 
 
 ■5538 
 
 13-43-43 
 
 10-7533 
 
 31-61-61 
 
 6-2918 
 
 49-79-79 
 
 2-3948 
 
 67-97-97 
 
 •4944 
 
 14-44-44 
 
 10-5516 
 
 32-62-62 
 
 6-0280 
 
 50-80-80 
 
 2^2385 
 
 68-98-98 
 
 •4394 
 
 15-45-45 
 
 10-3458 
 
 33-63-63 
 
 5-7687 
 
 51-81-81 
 
 2-0887 
 
 69-99-99 
 
 •3886 
 
 16-46-46 
 
 10-1357 
 
 34-64^64 
 
 5-5141 
 
 52-82-82 
 
 1-9453 
 
 
 
 17-47-47 
 
 9-9207 
 
 35-65-65 
 
 5-2644 
 
 53-83-83 
 
 1-8081 
 
 
 
CITY MORTALITY. 
 
 29 
 
 TaBvC. 1. 
 
 Tab. C. 2. 
 
 Shewing, at the end of any number of 
 yeais from birth, — the Living out of a 
 given number bom, — also the Dying 
 in the year succeeding. 
 
 Shewing, in logarithms, at every age of life, — the 
 
 Probability of living one year (\,a),~also the 
 living out of a given number bom (xo). 
 
 t* Liviuff. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 < 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 1 
 
 
 A,a 
 
 Aa 
 
 4 
 < 
 
 Xfl 
 
 Aa 
 
 
 0161136-45 
 
 22557-3 
 
 50 
 
 57273-8 
 
 L399-8 
 
 T-9345040 
 
 •2071936 
 
 50 
 
 1-9892535 
 
 r-7579557 
 
 
 1 138579-0 
 
 13433-1 
 
 51 
 
 55873-9 
 
 1405-9 
 
 1 
 
 •9557193 
 
 •1416976 
 
 51 
 
 -9889322 
 
 •7472092 
 
 
 2 125146-0 
 
 8336-1 
 
 52 
 
 54468-0 
 
 1411-0 
 
 2 
 
 •9700626 
 
 •0974169 
 
 52 
 
 •9886012 
 
 •7361414 
 
 
 3 116809-8 
 
 5319-0 
 
 53 
 
 53057-0 
 
 1415-0 
 
 f 
 
 •9797598 
 
 ■0674795 
 
 53 
 
 •9882602 
 
 ■7247426 
 
 
 4111490-9 
 
 3458-2 
 
 54 
 
 51642-0 
 
 1417-9 
 
 
 [ -9863159 
 
 •0472393 
 
 54 
 
 •9879090 
 
 •7130028 
 
 
 5 108032-7 
 
 2277-0 
 
 55 
 
 50224-1 
 
 1453-3 
 
 
 •9907484 
 
 •0335552 
 
 55 
 
 •9872473 
 
 •7009118 
 
 
 6 105755-6 
 
 1512-2 
 
 56 
 
 48770-7 
 
 1522-0 
 
 
 •9937452 
 
 •0243036 
 
 56 
 
 •9862310 
 
 •6881591 
 
 
 7 104243-5 
 
 1010-1 
 
 57 
 
 47248-7 
 
 1590-0 
 
 
 •9957712 
 
 •0180488 
 
 57 
 
 -9851337 
 
 •6743901 
 
 
 8 103233-3 
 
 818-0 
 
 58 
 
 45658-7 
 
 1656-7 
 
 
 ( ^9965450 
 
 •0138200 
 
 58 
 
 •9839490 
 
 •6595238 
 
 
 9 102415-3 
 
 811-5 
 
 59 
 
 44002-0 
 
 1721-3 
 
 
 ) ^9965450 
 
 •0103650 
 
 59 
 
 •9826699 
 
 •6434728 
 
 
 10101603-8 
 
 805-1 
 
 60 
 
 4-2280-7 
 
 1783-0 
 
 
 ) -9965450 
 
 -0069100 
 
 60 
 
 •9812888 
 
 ■6261427 
 
 
 11 100798-7 
 
 798-7 
 
 61 
 
 40497-8 
 
 1840-7 
 
 
 •9965450 
 
 -0034550 
 
 61 
 
 -9797977 
 
 •6074315 
 
 
 12 100000-0 
 
 804-1 
 
 62 
 
 38657-1 
 
 1893-6 
 
 
 . -9964936 
 
 -0000000 
 
 62 
 
 -9781877 
 
 ■5872292 
 
 
 13 99195-9 
 
 821-4 
 
 63 
 
 36763-5 
 
 1940-5 
 
 
 ! ^9963887 
 
 1-9964936 
 
 63 
 
 -9764494 
 
 ■5654169 
 
 
 14 98374-4 
 
 838-9 
 
 64 
 
 34823-0 
 
 1980-3 
 
 
 1 ^9962807 
 
 -9928823 
 
 64 
 
 -9745726 
 
 ■5418663 
 
 
 15 97535-5 
 
 856-5 
 
 65 
 
 32842-7 
 
 2011-9 
 
 
 5-9961694 
 
 -9891630 
 
 65 
 
 -9725462 
 
 •5164389 
 
 
 16 96679-1 
 
 874-2 
 
 66 
 
 30830-8 
 
 2034-1 
 
 
 3 ^9960549 
 
 -9853324 
 
 66 
 
 -9703584 
 
 ■4889851 
 
 
 17 95804-8 
 
 892-1 
 
 67 
 
 28796-7 
 
 2045-8 
 
 
 7 ^9959369 
 
 -9813873 
 
 67 
 
 -9679962 
 
 •4593435 
 
 
 18 94912-7 
 
 910-1 
 
 68 
 
 26751-0 
 
 2046-0 
 
 
 3 ^9958 153 
 
 -9773242 
 
 68 
 
 -9654457 
 
 ■4273397 
 
 
 19 94002-5 
 
 928-2 
 
 69 
 
 24705-0 
 
 2033-7 
 
 
 3 ^9956902 
 
 -9731395 
 
 69 
 
 -9626920 
 
 •3927854 
 
 
 20 93074-3 
 
 946-4 
 
 70 
 
 22671-3 
 
 2008-2 
 
 2 
 
 3 -9955612 
 
 •9688297 
 
 70 
 
 -9597188 
 
 •3554774 
 
 
 21 92127-8 
 
 964-7 
 
 71 
 
 20663-1 
 
 1969-0 
 
 2 
 
 1 -9954285 
 
 •9643909 
 
 71 
 
 -9565088 
 
 ■3151962 
 
 
 22 91163-2 
 
 983-0 
 
 72 
 
 18694-1 
 
 1915-8 
 
 2 
 
 2 -9952917 
 
 •9598194 
 
 72 
 
 -9530428 
 
 ■2717050 
 
 
 23 90180-2 
 
 1001-3 
 
 73 
 
 16778-3 
 
 1848-7 
 
 2 
 
 3 -9951509 
 
 -9551111 
 
 73 
 
 -9493007 
 
 ■2247478 
 
 
 24 89178-9 
 
 1019-6 
 
 74 
 
 14929-6 
 
 1768-0 
 
 2 
 
 4 -9950059 
 
 •9502620 
 
 74 
 
 •9452604 
 
 ■1740485 
 
 
 25 88159-2 
 
 1037-9 
 
 75 
 
 13161-6 
 
 1674-6 
 
 2 
 
 5 -9948565 
 
 -9452679 
 
 75 
 
 -9408980 
 
 ■1193089 
 
 
 26 87121-3 
 
 1056-2 
 
 76 
 
 11487-0 
 
 1569-7 
 
 2 
 
 8 -9947026 
 
 -9401244 
 
 76 
 
 -9361881 
 
 ■0602069 
 
 
 27 86065-1 
 
 1074-4 
 
 77 
 
 9917-3 
 
 1454-9 
 
 2 
 
 7 -9945442 
 
 -9348270 
 
 77 
 
 -9311027 
 
 ^9963950 
 
 
 28 84990-7 
 
 1092-5 
 
 78 
 
 8462-5 
 
 1332-2 
 
 2 
 
 8 -9943810 
 
 -9293712 
 
 78 
 
 -9256122 
 
 ■9274977 
 
 
 29 83898-1 
 
 1110-5 
 
 79 
 
 7130-3 
 
 1203-9 
 
 2 
 
 9 -9942129 
 
 •9237522 
 
 79 
 
 -9196840 
 
 •8531099 
 
 
 30 82787-6 
 
 1128-4 
 
 80 
 
 5926-4 
 
 1072-7 
 
 3 
 
 -9940398 
 
 -9179651 
 
 80 
 
 -91328.35 
 
 •7727939 
 
 
 31 81659-2 
 
 1146-1 
 
 81 
 
 4853-7 
 
 941-3 
 
 3 
 
 1 -9938615 
 
 -9120049 
 
 81 
 
 -9063728 
 
 •6860774 
 
 
 32 80513-1 
 
 1163-6 
 
 82 
 
 3912-5 
 
 812-5 
 
 3 
 
 2 -9936779 
 
 -9058664 
 
 82 
 
 -8989115 
 
 ■5924502 
 
 
 33 79349-5 
 
 1180-8 
 
 83 
 
 3100-0 
 
 688-9 
 
 , 3 
 
 3 -9934888 
 
 -8995443 
 
 83 
 
 -8908555 
 
 ■4913617 
 
 
 34 78168-7 
 
 1197-7 
 
 84 
 
 2411-1 
 
 573-0 
 
 ' 3 
 
 4 -9932940 
 
 -8930331 
 
 84 
 
 -8821575 
 
 •3822172 
 
 
 35 76971-0 
 
 1214-4 
 
 85 
 
 1838-1 
 
 466-8 
 
 3 
 
 5 -9930934 
 
 ■8863271 
 
 85 
 
 -8727664 
 
 ■2643747 
 
 
 36 75756-6 
 
 1230-7 
 
 86 
 
 1371-3 
 
 371-9 
 
 3 
 
 6 -9928869 
 
 •8794205 
 
 86 
 
 -8626268 
 
 ■1371411 
 
 
 37 74525-9 
 
 1246-6 
 
 87 
 
 999-5 
 
 289-2 
 
 3 
 
 7 -9926741 
 
 ■8723074 
 
 87 
 
 -8516792 
 
 3^9997679 
 
 
 38 .73279-3 
 
 1262-1 
 
 88 
 
 710-3 
 
 219-1 
 
 3 
 
 8 -9924550 
 
 -8649815 
 
 88 
 
 -8398592 
 
 ■8614471 
 
 
 39 72017-2 
 
 1277-1 
 
 89 
 
 491-2 
 
 161-3 
 
 3 
 
 9 -9922293 
 
 -8574365 
 
 89 
 
 -8270972 
 
 •691 3063 
 
 
 40 70740-1 
 
 1291-7 
 
 90 
 
 329-9 
 
 115-3 
 
 4 
 
 -9919968 
 
 •8496658 
 
 90 
 
 -8133182 
 
 ■5184035 
 
 
 41 69448-5 
 
 1305-6 
 
 91 
 
 214-6 
 
 79-7 
 
 4 
 
 1 ^9917575 
 
 •8416626 
 
 91 
 
 -7984412 
 
 ■3317217 
 
 
 42 68"142-8 
 
 1319-1 
 
 92 
 
 135-0 
 
 53-2 
 
 4 
 
 2 •99151-09 
 
 •8334201 
 
 92 
 
 •7823784 
 
 [ ^1301629 
 
 
 43 66823-8 
 
 1331-8 
 
 92 
 
 81-8 
 
 34-2 
 
 4 
 
 3 -9912570 
 
 •8249310 
 
 93 
 
 -765035'/ 
 
 4-9125413 
 
 
 44 65492-C 
 
 1343-9 
 
 94 
 
 [ 47-6 
 
 21-1 
 
 4 
 
 4 -9909955 
 
 •8161880 
 
 94 
 
 -7463108 
 
 ■677577C 
 
 
 45 64148 1 
 
 1355-3 
 
 91 
 
 26-5 
 
 12-4 
 
 4 
 
 5 ^9907261 
 
 -8071835 
 
 95 
 
 -7260937 
 
 ■4238878 
 
 
 46 62792-8 
 
 1365-9 
 
 9t 
 
 14-1 
 
 7-0 
 
 4 
 
 6 ^9904487 
 
 •7979096 
 
 96 
 
 •704265C 
 
 ) •149981£ 
 
 
 47 61426-9 
 
 1375-7 
 
 9^ 
 
 7-1 
 
 3-7 
 
 4 
 
 7 •990163C 
 
 -7883583 
 
 97 
 
 •680697? 
 
 Sr 8542471 
 
 
 48 60051-2 
 
 1384-7 
 
 98 
 
 3-4 
 
 1-9 
 
 4 
 
 8 •989868g 
 
 -7785213 
 
 9S 
 
 •6552519 -534944^ 
 
 
 49 58666-5 
 
 1392-7 
 
 9£ 
 
 1-5 
 
 •9 
 
 4 
 
 9 •989565£ 
 
 •7683902 
 
 9£ 
 
 •6277781 •190196J 
 
 
30 
 
 CITY MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab, C. 3. The Expectation of complete yeaw, at all ages of life; or the value of Annuity 
 of £1, when there is no interest of money. 
 
 < 
 
 Expect". 
 
 1 
 
 Expect". 
 
 < 
 
 Expect". 
 
 1 
 
 Expect". 
 
 4 
 
 Expectn. 
 
 1 
 
 Expect". 
 
 1 
 
 Expect". 
 
 
 
 33-0085 
 
 15 
 
 37-9929 
 
 30 
 
 28-4525 
 
 45 
 
 19-6183 
 
 60 
 
 10-9988 
 
 75 
 
 4-8227 
 
 90 
 
 1-6150 
 
 1 
 
 37-3815 
 
 16 
 
 37-3295 
 
 31 
 
 27-8457 
 
 46 
 
 19-0417 
 
 61 
 
 10-4831 
 
 76 
 
 4-5257 
 
 91 
 
 1-4822 
 
 2 
 
 40-3940 
 
 17 
 
 36-6701 
 
 32 
 
 27-2420 
 
 47 
 
 18-4652 
 
 62 
 
 9-9823 
 
 77 
 
 4-2420 
 
 92 
 
 1-3576 
 
 3 
 
 42-2767 
 
 18 
 
 36-0148 
 
 33 
 
 26-6415 
 
 48 
 
 17-8882 
 
 63 
 
 9-4964 
 
 78 
 
 3-9713 
 
 93 
 
 1-2408 
 
 4 
 
 43-2936 
 
 19 
 
 35-3635 
 
 34 
 
 26-0440 
 
 49 
 
 17-3104 
 
 64 
 
 9-0256 
 
 79 
 
 3-7133 
 
 94 
 
 1-1314 
 
 5 
 
 43-6795 
 
 20 
 
 34-7162 
 
 36 
 
 25-4492 
 
 50 
 
 16-7313 
 
 65 
 
 8-5698 
 
 80 
 
 3-4676 
 
 95 
 
 1-0291 
 
 6 
 
 43-6200 
 
 21 
 
 34-0728 
 
 36 
 
 24-8572 
 
 51 
 
 16-1505 
 
 66 
 
 8-1290 
 
 81 
 
 3-2339 
 
 96 
 
 -9336 
 
 7 
 
 43-2527 
 
 22 
 
 33-4334 
 
 37 
 
 24-2676 
 
 52 
 
 15-5674 
 
 67 
 
 7-7032 
 
 82 
 
 3-0120 
 
 97 
 
 •8446 
 
 8 
 
 42-6759 
 
 23 
 
 32-7978 
 
 38 
 
 23-6805 
 
 53 
 
 14-9814 
 
 68 
 
 7-2923 
 
 83 
 
 2-8014 
 
 98 
 
 •7617 
 
 9 
 
 42-0168 
 
 24 
 
 32-1661 
 
 39 
 
 23-0955 
 
 54 
 
 14-3919 
 
 69 
 
 6-8963 
 
 84 
 
 2-6018 
 
 99 
 
 •6847 
 
 10 
 
 41-3524 
 
 25 
 
 31-5381 
 
 40 
 
 22-5124 
 
 55 
 
 13-7982 
 
 70 
 
 6-5149 
 
 85 
 
 2-4128 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 40-6827 
 
 26 
 
 30-9138 
 
 41 
 
 21-9311 
 
 56 
 
 13-2094 
 
 71 
 
 6-1480 
 
 86 
 
 2-2341 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 40-0076 
 
 37 
 
 30-2932 
 
 42 
 
 21-3513 
 
 57 
 
 12-6349 
 
 72 
 
 5-7956 
 
 87 
 
 2-0654 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 39-3320 
 
 28 
 
 29-6762 
 
 43 
 
 20-7728 
 
 58 
 
 120749 
 
 73 
 
 5-4574 
 
 88 
 
 1-9062 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 38-6604 
 
 29 
 
 29-0626 
 
 44 
 
 20-1952 
 
 59 
 
 11-5295 
 
 74 
 
 5-1331 
 
 89 
 
 1-7561 
 
 
 
 
 Tab. C. 4. Shewing the present value of Annuity 
 
 of £1, depending on a single life. 
 
 1 
 
 3 ^ cent 
 
 4#'cent 
 
 5^ cent 
 
 4 
 
 3 ^ cent 
 
 4 ^ cent 
 
 5 W cent 
 
 
 S^" cent 4 #■ cent 
 
 S^cent 
 
 
 
 16-0590 
 
 13-4264 
 
 11-4802 
 
 34 
 
 16-5180 
 
 14-5447 
 
 12-9387 
 
 68 
 
 6-1227 
 
 5-8028 
 
 5^6111 
 
 1 
 
 18-2332 
 
 15-2364 
 
 13-0163 
 
 35 
 
 16-2783 
 
 14-3619 
 
 12-7971 
 
 69 
 
 5-8286 
 
 5-5347 
 
 5^2659 
 
 2 
 
 19-7960 
 
 16-5468 
 
 14-1341 
 
 36 
 
 16-0354 
 
 14-1758 
 
 12-6523 
 
 70 
 
 5-5420 
 
 5^2724 
 
 5^0251 
 
 3 
 
 20-8450 
 
 17-4367 
 
 14-9000 
 
 37 
 
 15-7892 
 
 13-9863 
 
 12-5043 
 
 71 
 
 5^2630 
 
 5-0162 
 
 4^7892 
 
 4 
 
 21-4946 
 
 17-9993 
 
 15-3913 
 
 38 
 
 15-5395 
 
 13-7932 
 
 12-3529 
 
 72 
 
 4^9919 
 
 4-7664 
 
 4-5583 
 
 5 
 
 21-8482 
 
 18-3185 
 
 15-6782 
 
 39 
 
 15-2862 
 
 13-5963 
 
 12-1978 
 
 73 
 
 4^7287 
 
 4^5230 
 
 4-3327 
 
 6 
 
 21-9882 
 
 18-4614 
 
 15-8166 
 
 40 
 
 15-0291 
 
 13-3954 
 
 12-0390 
 
 74 
 
 4-4737 
 
 4^2864 
 
 4-1127 
 
 7 
 
 21-9763 
 
 18-4784 
 
 15-8484 
 
 41 
 
 14-7678 
 
 13-1903 
 
 11-8760 
 
 75 
 
 4-2269 
 
 4-0567 
 
 3^8984 
 
 8 
 
 21-8571 
 
 18-4056 
 
 15-8036 
 
 42 
 
 14-5023 
 
 12-9808 
 
 11-7087 
 
 76 
 
 3-9884 
 
 3-8340 
 
 3^6901 
 
 9 
 
 21-6926 
 
 18-2947 
 
 15-7263 
 
 43 
 
 14-2322 
 
 12-7665 
 
 11-5368 
 
 77 
 
 3-7582 
 
 3-6185 
 
 3-4879 
 
 10 
 
 21-5219 
 
 18-1785 
 
 15-6445 
 
 44 
 
 13-9573 
 
 12-5471 
 
 11-3600 
 
 78 
 
 3-5365 
 
 3-4102 
 
 3-2919 
 
 11 
 
 21-3446 
 
 18-0566 
 
 15-5579 
 
 45 
 
 13-6772 
 
 12-3224 
 
 11-1779 
 
 79 
 
 3-3231 
 
 3-2092 
 
 3-1022 
 
 12 
 
 21-1605 
 
 17-9289 
 
 15-4663 
 
 46 
 
 13-3916 
 
 12-0919 
 
 10-9901 
 
 80 
 
 3-1181 
 
 3-0156 
 
 2^9190 
 
 13 
 
 20-9720 
 
 17-7972 
 
 15-3713 
 
 47 
 
 13-1000 
 
 11-8552 
 
 10-7962 
 
 81 
 
 2-9214 
 
 2-8293 
 
 2-7423 
 
 14 
 
 20-7815 
 
 17-6636 
 
 15-2746 
 
 48 
 
 12-8022 
 
 11-6119 
 
 10-5958 
 
 82 
 
 2-7330 
 
 2-6504 
 
 2-5722 
 
 15 
 
 20-5891 
 
 17-5281 
 
 15-1763 
 
 49 
 
 12-4974 
 
 11-3614 
 
 10-3881 
 
 83 
 
 2-5528 
 
 2-4788 
 
 2-4087 
 
 16 
 
 20-3946 
 
 17-3908 
 
 15-0763 
 
 50 
 
 12-1854 
 
 11-1032 
 
 10-1728 
 
 84 
 
 2-3806 
 
 2-3145 
 
 2-2517 
 
 17 
 
 20-1982 
 
 17-2514 
 
 14-9745 
 
 51 
 
 11-8654 
 
 10-8366 
 
 9-9490 
 
 85 
 
 2-2164 
 
 2-1574 
 
 2^1013 
 
 18 
 
 19-9996 
 
 17-1101 
 
 14-8710 
 
 52 
 
 11-5368 
 
 10-5609 
 
 9-7161 
 
 86 
 
 2-0600 
 
 2-0076 
 
 1^9575 
 
 19 
 
 19-7991 
 
 16-9668 
 
 14-7658 
 
 53 
 
 11-1989 
 
 10-2755 
 
 9-4732 
 
 87 
 
 1-9113 
 
 1-8646 
 
 1^8201 
 
 20 
 
 19-5964 
 
 16-8215 
 
 14-6587 
 
 54 
 
 10-8510 
 
 9-9793 
 
 9-2194 
 
 88 
 
 1-7700 
 
 1-7286 
 
 1-6890 
 
 21 
 
 19-3917 
 
 16-6741 
 
 14-5497 
 
 55 
 
 10-4920 
 
 9-6715 
 
 8-9537 
 
 89 
 
 1-6360 
 
 1-5994 
 
 1-5643 
 
 22 
 
 19-1848 
 
 16-5245 
 
 14-4389 
 
 56 
 
 10-1288 
 
 9-3581 
 
 8-6816 
 
 90 
 
 1-6092 
 
 1-4768 
 
 1-4458 
 
 23 
 
 18-9757 
 
 16-3728 
 
 14-3261 
 
 57 
 
 9-7687 
 
 9-0459 
 
 8-4093 
 
 91 
 
 1-3893 
 
 1-3607 
 
 1-3333 
 
 24 
 
 18-7645 
 
 16-2189 
 
 14-2113 
 
 58 
 
 9-4122 
 
 8-7353 
 
 8-1372 
 
 92 
 
 1-2761 
 
 1-2509 
 
 1-2267 
 
 25 
 
 18-5509 
 
 16-0628 
 
 14-0944 
 
 59 
 
 9-0596 
 
 8-4268 
 
 7-8658 
 
 93 
 
 1-1694 
 
 1-1473 
 
 1-1260 
 
 26 
 
 18-3351 
 
 15-9043 
 
 13-9755 
 
 60 
 
 8-7112 
 
 8-1206 
 
 7-5953 
 
 94 
 
 1-0689 
 
 1-0496 
 
 1-0309 
 
 27 
 
 18-1169 
 
 15-7434 
 
 13-8543 
 
 61 
 
 8-3676 
 
 7-8173 
 
 7-3262 
 
 95 
 
 •9746 
 
 •9577 
 
 -9413 
 
 28 
 
 17-8963 
 
 15-5802 
 
 13-7309 
 
 62 
 
 8-0290 
 
 7-5171 
 
 7-0588 
 
 96 
 
 -8861 
 
 •8713 
 
 -8570 
 
 29 
 
 17-6733 
 
 15-4144 
 
 13-6052 
 
 63 
 
 7-6958 
 
 7-2204 
 
 6-7934 
 
 97 
 
 -8033 
 
 •7904 
 
 -7779 
 
 30 
 
 17-4476 
 
 15-2460 
 
 13-4771 
 
 64 
 
 7-3684 
 
 6-9277 
 
 6-5306 
 
 98 
 
 -7259 
 
 •7147 
 
 •7038 
 
 31 
 
 17-2194 
 
 15'0750 
 
 13-3465 
 
 65 
 
 7-0471 
 
 6-6392 
 
 6-2706 
 
 99 
 
 •6537 
 
 ■6440 
 
 •6346 
 
 32 
 
 16-9884 
 
 14-9011 
 
 13-2133 
 
 66 
 
 6-7322 
 
 6-3554 
 
 6-0138 
 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 16-7547 
 
 14-7244 
 
 13-0774 
 
 67 
 
 6-4239 
 
 6-0765 
 
 6-7605 
 
 
 
 
 
31 
 
 Tab. C. S. Comparative vifew of the preceding Tables of Mortality. Quinquennial stages. Common 
 basis, 100000 aged 12 years. Sliewing, — the Survivors at the beginning, and the Dying, during 
 each stage; — also the Sum of the Survivors at the beginning of each of the five years of tlie stage. 
 
 
 Sum of Annual Survivors. 
 
 
 Dying. 
 
 
 Survivors incepting. 
 
 q 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 s 
 
 0—5 
 
 628169 
 
 618280 
 
 653162 
 
 45104 
 
 40096 
 
 53103 
 
 151403 
 
 146472 
 
 161136 
 
 
 
 6-10 
 
 517234 
 
 518841 
 
 523680 
 
 5264 
 
 5095 
 
 6429 
 
 106299 
 
 106376 
 
 108033 
 
 5 
 
 10-15 
 
 499936 
 
 499973 
 
 499973 
 
 2685 
 
 3257 
 
 4069 
 
 101035 
 
 101281 
 
 101604 
 
 10 
 
 15-20 
 
 485847 
 
 483069 
 
 478935 
 
 3022 
 
 3604 
 
 4461 
 
 98350 
 
 98024 
 
 97535 
 
 15 
 
 20-25 
 
 470017 
 
 464246 
 
 455724 
 
 3386 
 
 4010 
 
 4915 
 
 95328 
 
 94420 
 
 93074 
 
 20 
 
 25-30 
 
 452320 
 
 443351 
 
 430234 
 
 3774 
 
 4435 
 
 5371 
 
 91942 
 
 90410 
 
 88159 
 
 25 
 
 30-35 
 
 432645 
 
 420314 
 
 402478 
 
 4180 
 
 4867 
 
 5817 
 
 88168 
 
 85975 
 
 82788 
 
 30 
 
 35-40 
 
 410916 
 
 395114 
 
 372550 
 
 4596 
 
 5297 
 
 6231 
 
 83988 
 
 81108 
 
 76971 
 
 35 
 
 40-45 
 
 387101 
 
 367800 
 
 340647 
 
 5012 
 
 5706 
 
 6592 
 
 79392 
 
 75811 
 
 70740 
 
 40 
 
 45-50 
 
 361228 
 
 338506 
 
 307085 
 
 5414 
 
 6078 
 
 6874 
 
 74380 
 
 70105 
 
 64148 
 
 45 
 
 50-55 
 
 333406 
 
 307471 
 
 272315 
 
 5782 
 
 6386 
 
 7050 
 
 68966 
 
 64027 
 
 57274 
 
 50 
 
 55-60 
 
 302953 
 
 274099 
 
 235904 
 
 6851 
 
 7417 
 
 7943 
 
 63184 
 
 57641 
 
 50224 
 
 55 
 
 60-65 
 
 264953 
 
 233409 
 
 193022 
 
 8731 
 
 9189 
 
 9438 
 
 56333 
 
 50224 
 
 42281 
 
 60 
 
 65-70 
 
 217737 
 
 184483 
 
 143926 
 
 10421 
 
 10529 
 
 10172 
 
 47602 
 
 41035 
 
 32843 
 
 65 
 
 70-75 
 
 163389 
 
 130790 
 
 93736 
 
 11306 
 
 10761 
 
 9509 
 
 37181 
 
 30506 
 
 22671 
 
 70 
 
 75-80 
 
 107401 
 
 79156 
 
 50159 
 
 10674 
 
 9316 
 
 7236 
 
 25875 
 
 19745 
 
 13162 
 
 75 
 
 80-85 
 
 58246 
 
 38088 
 
 20204 
 
 8236 
 
 6341 
 
 4088 
 
 15201 
 
 10429 
 
 5926 
 
 80 
 
 85-90 
 
 23919 
 
 13165 
 
 5410 
 
 4749 
 
 3053 
 
 1508 
 
 6965 
 
 4088 
 
 1838 
 
 85 
 
 90-95 
 
 6585 
 
 2833 
 
 809 
 
 1803 
 
 897 
 
 304 
 
 2216 
 
 1035 
 
 330 
 
 90 
 
 95-100 
 
 1024 
 
 310 
 
 53 
 
 378 
 
 131 
 
 25 
 
 413 
 35 
 
 138 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 1 
 
 95 
 100 
 
 0-100 
 
 6125026 
 
 5813298 
 
 5480006 
 
 151368 
 
 146465 
 
 161135 
 
 Tab; C. 6. Comparison continued. Decennial stages. Common basis 100000 annually attaining the age 
 of 12 years. Shewing the relations of Annual Deaths and Annual Survivors. 
 
 
 » Sum of Annual Survivors. 
 
 Annual Deaths. 
 
 Deaths from 100 years of Life. 
 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 
 
 
 Between 
 
 Ag s. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 e 
 
 0-10 
 
 1145403 
 
 1137121 
 
 1176842 
 
 50368 
 
 45191 
 
 59533 
 
 4-3974 
 
 3-9742 
 
 5-0587 
 
 0-10 
 
 10-20 
 
 985783 
 
 983042 
 
 978907 
 
 5708 
 
 6861 
 
 8530 
 
 •5790 
 
 •6979 
 
 •8713 
 
 10-20 
 
 20-30 
 
 922337 
 
 907597 
 
 885959 
 
 7160 
 
 8445 
 
 10287 
 
 •7763 
 
 •9305 
 
 1-1611 
 
 20-30 
 
 30-40 
 
 843561 
 
 815428 
 
 775028 
 
 8776 
 
 10164 
 
 12048 
 
 1-0403 
 
 1-2464 
 
 1-5545 
 
 30^0 
 
 40-50 
 
 748329 
 
 706307 
 
 647733 
 
 10426 
 
 11784 
 
 13466 
 
 1-3932 
 
 1-6684 
 
 2-0790 
 
 40-50 
 
 5,0-60 
 
 636359 
 
 581570 
 
 508219 
 
 12633 
 
 13803 
 
 14993 
 
 1-9853 
 
 2^3734 
 
 2-9501 
 
 50-60 
 
 60-70 
 
 482689 
 
 417892 
 
 336948 
 
 19152 
 
 19719 
 
 19609 
 
 3-9678 
 
 4-7186 
 
 5-8197 
 
 60-70 
 
 70-80 
 
 270790 
 
 209946 
 
 143895 
 
 21980 
 
 20077 
 
 16745 
 
 8-1170 
 
 9-5629 
 
 11-6369 
 
 70-80 
 
 80-90 
 
 82165 
 
 51253 
 
 25614 
 
 12984 
 
 9394 
 
 5596 
 
 15-8030 
 
 18-3292 
 
 21-8492 
 
 80-90 
 
 90-100 
 
 7610 
 
 3143 
 
 862 
 
 2181 
 
 1027 
 
 329 
 
 28-6628 
 
 32-6887 
 
 32-8118 
 
 90-100 
 
 0-100 
 
 6125026 
 
 5813299 
 
 5480007 
 
 151368 
 
 146465 
 
 161136 
 
 2-4713 
 
 2-5195 
 
 2-9404 
 
 0-100 
 
32 
 
 Tab. C. 7. Comparison continued. Exhibiting, in three large intervals of age, the relations of Annual 
 Survivors and Annual Deaths. Assuming two additional bases — a total Population of 1,000,000 — 
 and 100,000 as the total yearly deaths. 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 Rate of Death to Life, 
 and to Age. 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. ■ 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 ViUage. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 0-20 
 20-50 
 50-100 
 
 2131186 
 2514227 
 1479612 
 
 2120164 
 2429331 
 1263804 
 
 2155750 
 2308719 
 1015538 
 
 56075 
 26362 
 68931 
 
 52052 
 30393 
 64020 
 
 68062 
 35801 
 57273 
 
 2-6312 
 1-0485 
 4-6587 
 
 2-4551 
 1-2511 
 5-0657 
 
 3-1572 
 1-5507 
 5-6397 
 
 0-20 
 20-50 
 50-100 
 
 0-100 
 
 6125025 
 
 5813299 
 
 5480007 
 
 151368 
 
 146465 
 
 161136 
 
 2-4713 
 
 2-5195 
 
 2-9404 
 
 0-100 
 
 0-20 
 20-50 
 50-100 
 
 347947 
 410485 
 241568 
 
 364709 
 417892 
 217399 
 
 393385 
 421298 
 185317 
 
 9155 
 
 4304 
 
 11254 
 
 8954 
 
 5228 
 
 11013 
 
 12420 
 
 6533 
 
 10451 
 
 37045 
 17416 
 45539 
 
 35539 
 20751 
 43710 
 
 42239 
 22218 
 35543 
 
 0-20 
 20-50 
 
 50-100 
 
 0-100 
 
 1000000 
 
 1000000 
 
 1000000 
 
 24713 
 
 25195 
 
 29404 
 
 100000 
 
 100000 
 
 100000 
 
 0-100 
 
 Tab. C. 8. Comparison continued. Shewing, at quinquennial intervals, the Expectation of complete 
 years, and the values of Assurance of £100. in Single Payments, and in Annual Payments. Rate 
 of interest 3 per cent. 
 
 Age. 
 
 
 
 
 For Assurance of £100 in the year of Death. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Expectation. 
 
 Annual Premium for Life. 
 
 Single Premium. 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 ViUage. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 Village. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 City. 
 
 
 5 
 10 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 50 
 55 
 60 
 65 
 70 
 75 
 80 
 85 
 90 
 95 
 
 39-4556 
 
 50-7121 
 
 48-2866 
 
 44-5490 
 
 40-8966 
 
 37-3275 
 
 33-8378 
 
 30-4202 
 
 27-0634 
 
 23-7501 
 
 20-4552 
 
 17-1419 
 
 13-9704 
 
 11-1502 
 
 8-6996 
 
 6-6232 
 
 4-9107 
 
 3-5371 
 
 2-4662 
 
 1-6547 
 
 38-6889 
 
 47-8365 
 
 45-1705 
 
 41-6042 
 
 38-1141 
 
 34-7141 
 
 31-3996 
 
 28-1617 
 
 24-9873 
 
 21-8561 
 
 18-7387 
 
 15-5915 
 
 12-5840 
 
 9-9380 
 
 7-6657 
 
 5-7646 
 
 4-2172 
 
 2-9926 
 
 2-0507 
 
 1-3468 
 
 33-0085 
 
 43-6795 
 
 41-3524 
 
 37-9929 
 
 34-7162 
 
 31-5381 
 
 28-4525 
 
 25-4492 
 
 22-5124 
 
 19-6183 
 
 16-7313 
 
 13-7982 
 
 10-9988 
 
 8-5698 
 
 6-5149 
 
 4-8227 
 
 3-4676 
 
 2-4128 
 
 1-6150 
 
 1-0291 
 
 2-3831 
 
 1-1384 
 
 1-1682 
 
 1-3207 
 
 1-4972 
 
 1-7035 
 
 1-9476 
 
 2-2414 
 
 2-6030 
 
 3-0618 
 
 3-6691 
 
 4-5232 
 
 5-7102 
 
 7-2799 
 
 9-3739 
 
 12-1845 
 
 15-9655 
 
 21-0320 
 
 27-7348 
 
 36-3798 
 
 2-3365 
 
 1-2497 
 
 1-3163 
 
 1-4843 
 
 1-6800 
 
 1-9083 
 
 2-1780 
 
 2-5022 
 
 2-9012 
 
 3-4085 
 
 4-0843 
 
 5-0472 
 
 6-4013 
 
 8-1999 
 
 10-6071 
 
 13-8436 
 
 18-1934 
 
 23-9942 
 
 31-5905 
 
 41-2137 
 
 2-9494 
 
 1-4641 
 
 1-5275 
 
 1-7194 
 
 1-9426 
 
 2-2022 
 
 2-5081 
 
 2-8750 
 
 3-3260 
 
 3-9007 
 
 4-6715 
 
 5-7891 
 
 7-3847 
 
 9-5142 
 
 12-3733 
 
 16-2192 
 
 21-3703 
 
 28-1777 
 
 36-9407 
 
 47-7305 
 
 45-0001 
 28-1016 
 28-6268 
 31-1975 
 33-9513 
 36-9028 
 40-0724 
 43-4887 
 47-1935 
 51-2487 
 55-7470 
 60-8298 
 66-2219 
 71-4240 
 76-2941 
 80-7075 
 84-5715 
 87-8360 
 90-4963 
 92-5873 
 
 44-5121 
 30-0241 
 31-1266 
 33-7575 
 36-5806 
 39-5837 
 42-7847 
 46-2103 
 49-9017 
 53-9226 
 58-3726 
 63-4085 
 68-7284 
 73-7897 
 78-4565 
 82-6177 
 86-2000 
 89-1752 
 91-5584 
 93-3994 
 
 50-3137 
 33-4519 
 34-4024 
 37-1192 
 40-0104 
 43-0555 
 46-2690 
 49-6749 
 53-3134 
 57-2508 
 61-5960 
 66-5281 
 71-7148 
 76-5618 
 80-9457 
 84-7760 
 88-0055 
 90-6318 
 92-6916 
 94-2487 
 
 
 
 5 
 10 
 15 
 20, 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 50 
 55 
 60 
 65 
 70 
 75 
 80 
 85 
 90 
 95 
 
NORTHAMPTON MORTALITY. 
 
 33 
 
 Tab. D. 1. 
 
 Tab. D. 2. 
 
 Shewing, at the end of any number of 
 years from birth, — the Living out of a 
 given number born, — also the Dying 
 in the year succeeding. 
 
 Shewing, at every age of life, in logarithms, — the 
 probability of living one year (x,o),— also the 
 Living out of a given number born (xo). 
 
 4 
 < 
 
 liiving* 
 
 Dying. 
 
 4 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 
 
 218820-2 
 
 48803-7 
 
 50 
 
 53232-0 
 
 1469-5 
 
 1 
 
 170016-5 
 
 26667-4 
 
 51 
 
 51762-5 
 
 1471-1 
 
 2 
 
 143349-1 
 
 15617-1 
 
 52 
 
 50291-5 
 
 1471-4 
 
 3 
 
 127732-0 
 
 9582-7 
 
 53 
 
 48820-1 
 
 1470-4 
 
 4 
 
 118149-3 
 
 6067-9 
 
 54 
 
 47349-7 
 
 1468-1 
 
 5 
 
 112081-4 
 
 3924-9 
 
 55 
 
 45881-6 
 
 1464-4 
 
 6 
 
 108156-4 
 
 2575-4 
 
 56 
 
 44417-2 
 
 1459-4 
 
 7 
 
 105581-1 
 
 1706-3 
 
 57 
 
 42957-8 
 
 1453-0 
 
 8 
 
 103874-8 
 
 1138-0 
 
 58 
 
 41504-8 
 
 1445-1 
 
 9 
 
 102736-8 
 
 920-5 
 
 59 
 
 40059-8 
 
 1435-7 
 
 10 
 
 101816-3 
 
 912-3 
 
 60 
 
 38624-1 
 
 1424-9 
 
 11 
 
 100904-0 
 
 904-0 
 
 61 
 
 37199-2 
 
 14126 
 
 12 
 
 100000-0 
 
 909-2 
 
 62 
 
 35786-6 
 
 1431-8 
 
 13 
 
 99090-8 
 
 927-8 
 
 63 
 
 34354-8 
 
 1481-7 
 
 14 
 
 98163-0 
 
 946-5 
 
 64 
 
 32873-2 
 
 1528-1 
 
 15 
 
 97216-5 
 
 965-2 
 
 65 
 
 31345-1 
 
 1570-2 
 
 I6 
 
 96251-3 
 
 984-1 
 
 66 
 
 29774-9 
 
 1607-1 
 
 17 
 
 95267-2 
 
 1003-0 
 
 67 
 
 28167-7 
 
 1638-0 
 
 18 
 
 94264-1 
 
 1022-0 
 
 68 
 
 26529-8 
 
 1661-7 
 
 19 
 
 93242-2 
 
 1041-0 
 
 69 
 
 24868-0 
 
 1677-5 
 
 20 
 
 92201-2 
 
 1060-0 
 
 70 
 
 23190-5 
 
 1684-4 
 
 21 
 
 91141-2 
 
 1078-9 
 
 71 
 
 21506-1 
 
 1681-5 
 
 22 
 
 90062-3 
 
 1097-9 
 
 72 
 
 19824-6 
 
 1668-2 
 
 23 
 
 88964-5 
 
 1116-7 
 
 73 
 
 18156-4 
 
 1643-9 
 
 24 
 
 87847-8 
 
 1135-5 
 
 74 
 
 16512-5 
 
 1608-2 
 
 25 
 
 86712-4 
 
 1154-1 
 
 75 
 
 14904-2 
 
 1561-0 
 
 26 
 
 85558-3 
 
 1172-6 
 
 76 
 
 13343-2 
 
 1502-4 
 
 27 
 
 84385-7 
 
 1190-8 
 
 77 
 
 11840-8 
 
 1432-8 
 
 28 
 
 83194-9 
 
 1208-9 
 
 78 
 
 10408-1 
 
 1353-0 
 
 29 
 
 81986-1 
 
 1226-7 
 
 79 
 
 9055-1 
 
 1264-0 
 
 30 
 
 80759-4 
 
 1244-2 
 
 80 
 
 7791-1 
 
 1167-4 
 
 31 
 
 79515-2 
 
 1261-4 
 
 81 
 
 6623-7 
 
 1064-9 
 
 32 
 
 78253-8 
 
 1278-2 
 
 82 
 
 5558-8 
 
 958-4 
 
 33 
 
 76975-7 
 
 1294-6 
 
 83 
 
 4600-4 
 
 850-1 
 
 34 
 
 75681-0 
 
 1310-5 
 
 84 
 
 3750-3 
 
 742-4 
 
 35 
 
 74370-5 
 
 1326-0 
 
 85 
 
 3007-9 
 
 637-6 
 
 36 
 
 73044-5 
 
 1341-0 
 
 86 
 
 2370-4 
 
 537-5 
 
 37 
 
 71703-5 
 
 1355-4 
 
 87 
 
 1832-9 
 
 444-4 
 
 38 
 
 70348-1 
 
 1369-1 
 
 88 
 
 1388-5 
 
 359-7 
 
 39 
 
 68978-9 
 
 1382-2 
 
 89 
 
 1028-9 
 
 284-5 
 
 40 
 
 67596-7 
 
 1394-6 
 
 90 
 
 744-4 
 
 219-5 
 
 41 
 
 66202-0 
 
 1406-3 
 
 91 
 
 524-8 
 
 165-0 
 
 42 
 
 64795-7 
 
 1417-1 
 
 92 
 
 359-9 
 
 120-4 
 
 43 
 
 63378-6 
 
 1427-1 
 
 93 
 
 239-5 
 
 85-2 
 
 44 
 
 61951-5 
 
 1436-2 
 
 94 
 
 154-2 
 
 58-3 
 
 45 
 
 60515-2 
 
 1444-4 
 
 95 
 
 95-9 
 
 38-5 
 
 46 
 
 59070-8 
 
 1451-6 
 
 96 
 
 57-4 
 
 24-4 
 
 47 
 
 57619-2 
 
 1457-7 
 
 97 
 
 33-0 
 
 14-9 
 
 48 
 
 56161-5 
 
 1462-8 
 
 98 
 
 18-2 
 
 8-6 
 
 49 
 
 54698-8 
 
 1466-7 
 
 99 
 
 9-5 
 
 4-8 
 
 
 A.ffl 
 
 r- 8904037 
 •9259038 
 -9499048 
 -9661315 
 -9771021 
 -9845191 
 -9895336 
 -9929239 
 -9952159 
 -9960914 
 -9960913 
 -9960914 
 -9960332 
 -9959145 
 -9957923 
 -9956665 
 -9955368 
 -9954033 
 -9952658 
 -9951242 
 -9949784 
 -9948282 
 -9946735 
 -9945142 
 •9943501 
 -9941811 
 •9940070 
 -9938278 
 -9936431 
 -9934530 
 •9932572 
 -9930555 
 •9928477 
 -9926338 
 •9924135 
 •9921866 
 -9919528 
 -9917121 
 ■9914642 
 -9912089 
 ■9909460 
 ■9906751 
 -9903962 
 -9901089 
 -9898131 
 -9895084 
 •9891946 
 -9888713 
 ■9885385 
 •9881956 
 
 Aa 
 
 •3400875 
 •2304912 
 •1563950 
 •1062998 
 •0724313 
 •0495334 
 -0340525 
 -0235861 
 -0165100 
 -0117259 
 -0078173 
 -0039086 
 -0000000 
 r-9960332 
 -9919477 
 -9877400 
 -9834065 
 -9789433 
 -9743466 
 -9696124 
 -9647366 
 -9597150 
 -9545432 
 -9492167 
 •9437309 
 ■9380810 
 ■9322621 
 ■9262691 
 ■9200969 
 •9137400 
 •9071930 
 •9004502 
 •8935057 
 •8863534 
 •8789872 
 ••8714007 
 •8635873 
 ■8555401 
 ■8472522 
 •8387164 
 •8299253 
 •8208713 
 •8115464 
 •8019426 
 •7920515 
 •7818646 
 •7713730 
 •7605676 
 •7494389 
 •7379774 
 
 A, a 
 
 r9878426 
 •9874789 
 •9871044 
 •9867186 
 •9863214 
 •9859122 
 •9854908 
 •9850568 
 •9846099 
 •9841495 
 •9836754 
 ■9831871 
 •9822670 
 •9808538 
 •9793280 
 ■9776806 
 •9759019 
 •9739814 
 •9719080 
 •9696693 
 •9672521 
 -9646424 
 -9618246 
 -9587824 
 •9554976 
 •9519511 
 •9481220 
 -9439877 
 -9395240 
 •9347045 
 •9295010 
 •9238827 
 •9178168 
 •9112674 
 •9041961 
 •8965613 
 •8883180 
 ■8794178 
 ■8698083 
 ■8594331 
 •8482310 
 ■8361362 
 ■8230775 
 •8089781 
 ■7937552 
 •7773190 
 •7595730 
 •7404129 
 •7197258 
 •6973901 
 
 ;ia 
 
 r7261730 
 •7140156 
 •7014945 
 •6885989 
 •6753175 
 •6616389 
 •6475511 
 •6330419 
 •6180987 
 ■6027086 
 •5868581 
 •5705335 
 •5537206 
 •5359876 
 •5168414 
 •4961694 
 •4738500 
 •4497519 
 •4237333 
 •3956413 
 •3653106 
 •3325627 
 •2972051 
 •2590297 
 ■2178121 
 •1733097 
 •1252608 
 •0733828 
 ■0173705 
 r- 9568945 
 •8915990 
 •8211000 
 •7449827 
 •6627995 
 •5740669 
 •4782630 
 •3748243 
 •2631423 
 •1425601 
 •0123684 
 r8718015 
 •7200325 
 •5561687 
 •3792462 
 -1882243 
 i-98 19795 
 -7592985 
 •5188715 
 •2592844 
 ^9790102 
 
34 
 
 STOCKHOLM MORTALITY. 
 
 Tab. D. 3. 
 
 Tab. D. 4. 
 
 Shewing, at the end of any number of years 
 from birth, — the Living out of a given 
 number born, — also the Dying m the year 
 succeeding. 
 
 Shewing, in logarithms, at every age of life, — the 
 probability of living one year (».,o), — also the 
 Living out of a given number bom (x a). 
 
 < 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 
 Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 
 
 /,a 
 
 A a 
 
 1 
 
 Aa 
 
 X a 
 
 
 
 302679-3 
 
 90852-2 
 
 50 
 
 40994-S 
 
 1591-3 
 
 
 
 T-844998S 
 
 •4809828 
 
 50't^9828058 
 
 T^6 127296 
 
 1 
 
 211827-1 
 
 45413-8 
 
 51 
 
 39403-6 
 
 1574-4 
 
 
 1 
 
 -8962064 
 
 •32,59817 
 
 61 
 
 •9822915 
 
 ■5966354 
 
 2 
 
 166413-3 
 
 25049-3 
 
 52 
 
 37829-2 
 
 1556-7 
 
 
 2 
 
 •9291608 
 
 •2211881 
 
 52 
 
 •9817618 
 
 •5778269 
 
 3 
 
 141364-C 
 
 14762-4 
 
 53 
 
 36273-4 
 
 1535-4 
 
 
 3 
 
 •9521001 
 
 •1503389 
 
 53 
 
 •9812163 
 
 •5695887 
 
 4 
 
 126601-6 
 
 9097-0 
 
 64 
 
 34738-C 
 
 1613-4 
 
 
 4 
 
 •9676167 
 
 •1024390 
 
 54 
 
 •9806544 
 
 •5408050 
 
 5 
 
 117504-6 
 
 5777-0 
 
 65 
 
 33224-6 
 
 1489-8 
 
 
 5 
 
 •9781055 
 
 •0700547 
 
 55 
 
 •9800758 
 
 •5214594 
 
 6 
 
 111727-6 
 
 3744-0 
 
 56 
 
 31734-8 
 
 1464-6 
 
 
 6 
 
 -9851976 
 
 •0481602 
 
 56 
 
 •9794798 
 
 •5015352 
 
 7 
 
 107983-6 
 
 2459-9 
 
 57 
 
 30270-2 
 
 1437-8 
 
 
 7 
 
 -9899923 
 
 •0333577 
 
 57 
 
 •9788660 
 
 •4810150 
 
 8 
 
 105523-7 
 
 1631-3 
 
 68 
 
 28832-4 
 
 1409-4 
 
 
 8 
 
 •9932340 
 
 •0233500 
 
 58 
 
 •9782339 
 
 •4598810 
 
 9 
 
 103892-4 
 
 1314-0 
 
 59 
 
 27423-0 
 
 1379-6 
 
 
 9 
 
 •9944720 
 
 •0165840 
 
 59 
 
 •9775828 
 
 ■4381149 
 
 10 
 
 102578-4 
 
 1-297-4 
 
 60 
 
 26043-4 
 
 1348-3 
 
 
 10 
 
 •9944720 
 
 •0110560 
 
 60 
 
 •9769123 
 
 ■4156977 
 
 11 
 
 101281-0 
 
 1281-0 
 
 61 
 
 24695-1 
 
 1315-7 
 
 
 11 
 
 •9944720 
 
 •0055280 
 
 61 
 
 •9762217 
 
 ■3926100 
 
 1,2 
 
 100000-0 
 
 1283-5 
 
 62 
 
 23379-3 
 
 1311-9 
 
 
 12 
 
 •9943898 
 
 -0000000 
 
 62 
 
 •9749203 
 
 ■3688317 
 
 13 
 
 98716-5 
 
 1304-7 
 
 63 
 
 22067-4 
 
 1333-9 
 
 
 13 
 
 •9942219 
 
 1-9943898 
 
 63 
 
 •9729217 
 
 •3437520 
 
 14 
 
 97411-8 
 
 1325-7 
 
 64 
 
 20733-6 
 
 1349-8 
 
 
 14 
 
 -9940491 
 
 •9886117 
 
 64 
 
 ■9707637 
 
 •3166737 
 
 15 
 
 96086-1 
 
 1346-5 
 
 65 
 
 19383-7 
 
 1358-9 
 
 
 15 
 
 -9938711 
 
 •9826608 
 
 65 
 
 ■9684338 
 
 •2874374 
 
 16 
 
 94739-7 
 
 1367-0 
 
 66 
 
 18024-8 
 
 1360-4 
 
 
 16 
 
 -9936878 
 
 -9766319 
 
 66 
 
 ■9659182 
 
 •2.558712 
 
 17 
 
 93372-6 
 
 1387-3 
 
 67 
 
 16664-4 
 
 1353-8 
 
 
 17 
 
 -9934990 
 
 -9702197 
 
 67 
 
 •9632022 
 
 •2217894 
 
 18 
 
 91985-4 
 
 1407-3 
 
 68 
 
 15310-6 
 
 1338-6 
 
 
 18 
 
 •9933046 
 
 •9637187 
 
 68 
 
 ■9602697 
 
 •1849916 
 
 19 
 
 90578-1 
 
 1426-8 
 
 69 
 
 13972-1 
 
 1314-1 
 
 
 19 
 
 •9931043 
 
 •9570232 
 
 69 
 
 •9571035 
 
 •1452613 
 
 20 
 
 89151-3 
 
 1446-0 
 
 70 
 
 12658-0 
 
 1280-4 
 
 
 20 
 
 •9928980 
 
 •9501275 
 
 70 
 
 •9536850 
 
 ■1023648 
 
 21 
 
 87705-2 
 
 1464-7 
 
 71 
 
 11377-6 
 
 1237-4 
 
 
 21 
 
 •9926856 
 
 •9430255 
 
 71 
 
 •9499940 
 
 •0560498 
 
 22 
 
 86240-5 
 
 1483-0 
 
 72 
 
 10140-1 
 
 1186-4 
 
 
 22 
 
 •9924668 
 
 •9357111 
 
 72 
 
 •9460089 
 
 •0060438 
 
 23 
 
 84757-5 
 
 1500-7 
 
 73 
 
 8954-7 
 
 1124-8 
 
 
 23 
 
 •9922414 
 
 •9281779 
 
 73 
 
 •9417063 
 
 2-9520527 
 
 24 
 
 83256-7 
 
 1517-8 
 
 74 
 
 7830-0 
 
 1056-3 
 
 
 24 
 
 •9920094 
 
 •9204193 
 
 74 
 
 •9370607 
 
 ■8937590 
 
 25 
 
 81738-9 
 
 1534-3 
 
 75 
 
 6773-6 
 
 981-1 
 
 
 25 
 
 ■9917703 
 
 •9124287 
 
 75 
 
 •9320449 
 
 •8308197 
 
 26 
 
 80204-6 
 
 1550-1 
 
 76 
 
 5792-5 
 
 900-4 
 
 
 26 
 
 ■9915242 
 
 •9041990 
 
 76 
 
 •9266294 
 
 ■7628646 
 
 27 
 
 78654-4 
 
 1565-2 
 
 77 
 
 4892-1 
 
 816-7 
 
 
 27 
 
 -9912707 
 
 •89.57232 
 
 77 
 
 •9207823 
 
 ■6894940 
 
 28 
 
 77089-3 
 
 1679-5 
 
 78 
 
 4076-4 
 
 728-7 
 
 
 28 
 
 •9910095 
 
 •8869939 
 
 78 
 
 •9144693 
 
 ■6102763 
 
 29 
 
 75509-8 
 
 1592-9 
 
 79 
 
 3347-7 
 
 641-3 
 
 
 29 
 
 •9907406 
 
 •8780034 
 
 79 
 
 ■9076532 
 
 •5247456 
 
 30 
 
 73916-9 
 
 1605-4 
 
 80 
 
 2706-4 
 
 555-2 
 
 
 30 
 
 •9904637 
 
 •8687440 
 
 80 
 
 •9002939 
 
 •4323988 
 
 31 
 
 72311-5 
 
 1617-0 
 
 81 
 
 2151-3 
 
 472-3 
 
 
 31 
 
 •9901784 
 
 -8592077 
 
 81 
 
 •8923480 
 
 •3326927 
 
 32 
 
 70694-6 
 
 1627-5 
 
 82 
 
 1679-0 
 
 394-2 
 
 
 32 
 
 •9898846 
 
 -8493861 
 
 82 
 
 •8837690 
 
 •2250407 
 
 33 
 
 69067-0 
 
 1637-1 
 
 83 
 
 1284-7 
 
 322-4 
 
 
 33 
 
 •9895821 
 
 •8392707 
 
 83 
 
 •8745064 
 
 •1088097 
 
 34 
 
 67429-9 
 
 1645-5 
 
 84 
 
 962-3 
 
 267-9 
 
 
 34 
 
 •9892705 
 
 -8288628 
 
 84 
 
 •8645054 
 
 ^•983316 1 
 
 35 
 
 65784-5 
 
 1652-8 
 
 85 
 
 704-4 
 
 201-4 
 
 
 35 
 
 •9889495 
 
 -8181233 
 
 85 •8637075 
 
 •8478215 
 
 36 
 
 64131-7 
 
 1658-8 
 
 86 
 
 503-0 
 
 153-3 
 
 
 36 
 
 •9886190 
 
 ■8070728 
 
 86 
 
 •8420492 
 
 •7015290 
 
 37 
 
 62472-9 
 
 1663-6 
 
 87 
 
 349-6 
 
 113-5 
 
 
 37 
 
 -9882786 
 
 ■7956918 
 
 87 
 
 •8294617 
 
 •5435782 
 
 38 
 
 60809-4 
 
 1667-0 
 
 88 
 
 236-1 
 
 81-6 
 
 
 38 
 
 ■9879280 
 
 ■7839704 
 
 88 
 
 ■8158711 
 
 •3730399 
 
 39 
 
 ,59142-3 
 
 1669-1 
 
 89 
 
 154-5 
 
 56-7 
 
 
 39 
 
 -9875669 
 
 ■7718984 
 
 89 
 
 ■8011975 
 
 •1889110 
 
 40 
 
 57473-2 
 
 1669-8 
 
 90 
 
 97-7 
 
 38-1 
 
 
 40 
 
 •9871950 
 
 ■7594653 
 
 90 
 
 ■7853645 
 
 4-9901085 
 
 41 
 
 55803-4 
 
 1669-1 
 
 91 
 
 59-6 
 
 24-7 
 
 
 41 
 
 -9868119 
 
 ■7466603 
 
 91 
 
 ■7682489 
 
 -7754630 
 
 42 
 
 54134-3 
 
 1666-8 
 
 92 
 
 35-0 
 
 15-3 
 
 
 42 
 
 •9864176 
 
 ■7334722 
 
 92 
 
 ■7497800 
 
 -5437119 
 
 43 
 
 52467-4 
 
 1663-1 
 
 93 
 
 19-7 
 
 9-1 
 
 
 43 
 
 •9860112 
 
 ■7198897 
 
 93 
 
 ■7298394 
 
 -2934919 
 
 44 
 
 50804-3 
 
 1657-7 
 
 94 
 
 10-6 
 
 5-2 
 
 
 44 
 
 •9855928 
 
 •7059009 
 
 94 
 
 ■7083097 
 
 •0233313 
 
 45 
 
 49146-6 
 
 1650-8 
 
 96 
 
 5-4 
 
 2-8 
 
 
 45 
 
 •9851618 
 
 •6914937 
 
 96 
 
 •6850643 
 
 5-7316410 
 
 46 
 
 47495-8 
 
 1642-2 
 
 96 
 
 2-6 
 
 1-4 
 
 
 46 
 
 •9847180 
 
 •6766555 
 
 96 
 
 •6599663 
 
 •4167053 
 
 47 
 
 45853-6 
 
 1632-0 
 
 97 
 
 1-2 
 
 -7 
 
 
 47 
 
 -9842609 
 
 ■6613735 
 
 97 
 
 •6328683 
 
 -0766716 
 
 48 
 
 44221-6 
 
 1620-1 
 
 98 
 
 -5 
 
 -3 
 
 
 48 
 
 -9837900 
 
 ■6456344 
 
 98 
 
 ■6036107 
 
 ff-7095399 
 
 49 
 
 42601-4 
 
 1606-6 99 
 
 -2 
 
 •1 
 
 
 49 
 
 -9833052 
 
 ■6294244 99 
 
 ■5720216 
 
 •3131506 
 
35 
 
 Tab. D. 5. Comparison of the preceding Northampton and Stockholm Tables (which are those of Dr. Price, 
 adapted to the New Theory) under the heads,— Expectation of complete years,— Survivors at successive 
 ages— Annual Deaths, and Constantly Living in a Stationary Population, resulting from 1 00,000 annually 
 attaining the age of 12 years. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Expectation. 
 
 Survivors. 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 Northampton 
 
 Stockholm. 
 
 Northampton 
 
 Stockhohn. 
 
 
 
 24-1582 
 
 15-7839 
 
 218820 
 
 302679 
 
 5 
 
 41-1753 
 
 34-1583 
 
 112081 
 
 117505 
 
 10 
 
 40-1980 
 
 33-9452 
 
 101816 
 
 102578 
 
 15 
 
 37-0044 
 
 31-1028 
 
 97216 
 
 96086 
 
 20 
 
 33-9064 
 
 28-3644 
 
 92201 
 
 89151 
 
 25 
 
 30-9239 
 
 25-7530 
 
 86712 
 
 81739 
 
 30 
 
 28-0538 
 
 23-2646 
 
 80759 
 
 73917 
 
 35 
 
 25-2897 
 
 20-8919 
 
 74371 
 
 65784 
 
 40 
 
 22-6214 
 
 18-6232 
 
 67597 
 
 57473 
 
 45 
 
 20-0328 
 
 16-4401 
 
 60515 
 
 49147 
 
 50 
 
 17-4990 
 
 14-3142 
 
 53232 
 
 40995 
 
 55 
 
 14-9821 
 
 12-2000 
 
 45882 
 
 33225 
 
 60 
 
 12-4233 
 
 10-0232 
 
 38624 
 
 26043 
 
 65 
 
 9-8351 
 
 7-7786 
 
 31345 
 
 19384. 
 
 70 
 
 7-5785 
 
 5-8578 
 
 23190 
 
 12658 
 
 75 
 
 5-6928 
 
 4-2920 
 
 14904 
 
 6774 
 
 80 
 
 4-1596 
 
 3-0510 
 
 7791 
 
 2706 
 
 85 
 
 2-9478 
 
 2,-094S 
 
 3008 
 
 704 
 
 90 
 
 2-0172 
 
 1-3783 
 
 744 
 
 98 
 
 95 
 
 
 
 1-3255 
 
 -8387 
 
 96 
 
 5 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 ■ Living. 
 
 Dying. 
 
 Rate 
 ^cent. 
 
 
 0—5 
 
 724698 
 
 106739 
 
 14-7287 
 
 
 5-10 
 
 527298 
 
 10265 
 
 1-9467 
 
 
 10-20 
 
 971408 
 
 9615 
 
 -9898 
 
 
 20-30 
 
 866334 
 
 11442 
 
 1-3207 
 
 
 30-40 
 
 743049 
 
 13163 
 
 1-7715 
 
 2 
 
 40-50 
 
 604808 
 
 14365 
 
 2-3751 
 
 1 
 
 50-60 
 
 458973 
 
 14608 
 
 3-1827 
 
 
 60-70 
 
 311806 
 
 15434 
 
 4-9497 
 
 ^ 
 
 70-80 
 
 151042 
 
 15399 
 
 10-1954 
 
 
 80-90 
 
 34430 
 
 7047 
 
 20-4669 
 
 • 
 
 90-100 
 
 1867 
 
 740 
 
 39-6197 
 
 
 0-100 
 
 5395713 
 
 218816 
 
 4-0554 
 
 20-50 
 
 2214191 
 
 38969 
 
 1-7600 
 
 0—5 
 
 856298 
 
 185175 
 
 21-6250 
 
 
 5-10 
 
 539169 
 
 14926 
 
 2-7684 
 
 
 10-20 
 
 960036 
 
 13427 
 
 1-3986 
 
 
 20-30 
 
 816691 
 
 15234 
 
 1-8654 
 
 
 30^0 
 
 657539 
 
 16444 
 
 2-5008 
 
 
 40-50 
 
 491762 
 
 16478 
 
 3-3508 
 
 
 50-60 
 
 333248 
 
 14951 
 
 4-4866 
 
 
 60-70 
 
 193582 
 
 13385 
 
 6-9146 
 
 3 
 
 70-80 
 
 70867 
 
 9952 
 
 14-0425 
 
 80-90 
 
 9427 
 
 2609 
 
 27-6726 
 
 
 90-100 
 
 184 
 
 98 
 
 53-2193 
 
 
 0-100 
 
 4928803 
 
 302679 
 
 6-1410 
 
 20-50 
 
 1965992 
 
 48156 
 
 2-4495 
 
 Tab. D. 6. Exhibiting the coincidence, for long portions of time, of the Table of Village Mortality with 
 the Carlisle Table of Mr. Milne ; the former being under .the regulation of the New Theory, and the latter 
 expressing an imagined decrement for short periods of the greatest irregularity. Rate of interest 4 per cent. 
 
 Age. 
 5 
 
 Survivors. 
 
 Expectation. j 
 
 Life Annual Premium for 1 
 Assurance of £ LOO. 1 
 
 Premium for one year's 
 Assurance of £lOO. 
 
 Life Annuity of f 1. 
 
 Age. 
 
 5 
 
 Milne* 
 
 Theory. 
 
 Milne. 
 
 Theory. 
 
 Milne. 
 
 Theory. 
 
 Milne. 
 
 Theory. 
 
 Mitae. 
 
 Theory. 
 
 10522 
 
 10521 
 
 51-25 
 
 51-21 
 
 1-0096 
 
 1-0115 
 
 1-7117 
 
 1-7950 
 
 19-594 
 
 19-586 
 
 10 
 
 10000 
 
 10000 
 
 48r82 
 
 48-79 
 
 1-0117 
 
 1-0134 
 
 -4316 
 
 •4867 
 
 19-585 
 
 19-578 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 9762 
 
 9734 
 
 45^00 
 
 45-05 
 
 1-1648 
 
 1-1562 
 
 -5952 
 
 -5637 
 
 18-956 
 
 18-991 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 9427 
 
 9435 
 
 41-46 
 
 41-40 
 
 1-3183 
 
 1-3222 
 
 •6789 
 
 •6529 
 
 18-363 
 
 18-348 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 9101 
 
 9100 
 
 37-86 
 
 37-83 
 
 1-5172 
 
 1-5173 
 
 -7032 
 
 -7562 
 
 17-645 
 
 17-645 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 8734 
 
 8726 
 
 34-34 
 
 34-34 
 
 1-7554 
 
 1-7493 
 
 -9714 
 
 -8757 
 
 16-852 
 
 16-872 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 8300 
 
 8313 
 
 31-00 
 
 30-92 
 
 2-0220 
 
 2-0300 
 
 -9863 
 
 1-0140 
 
 16-041 
 
 16-018 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 7856 
 
 7858 
 
 27-61 
 
 27-56 
 
 2-3750 
 
 2-3776 
 
 1-2504 
 
 1-1740 
 
 15-074 
 
 15-067 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 7317 
 
 7362 
 
 24-46 
 
 24-25 
 
 2-774'6 
 
 2-8220 
 
 1-4239 
 
 1-3591 
 
 14-104 
 
 13-997 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 6807 
 
 6826 
 
 21-11 
 
 20-96 
 
 3-3641 
 
 3-4159 
 
 1-2902 
 
 1-5731 
 
 12-869 
 
 12-770 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 6305 
 
 6254 
 
 17-58 
 
 17-64 
 
 4-2839 
 
 4-2616 
 
 1-7233 
 
 1-8640 
 
 11-300 
 
 11-334 
 
 55 
 
 60 
 
 5639 
 
 5576 
 
 14-34 
 
 14-47 
 
 5-5320 
 
 5-4459 
 
 3-2201 
 
 2-7225 
 
 9-663 
 
 9-762 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 4672 
 
 4711 
 
 11-79 
 
 11-65 
 
 6-8984 
 
 7-0133 
 
 3-9506 
 
 3-9680 
 
 8-307 
 
 8-208 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 3717 
 
 3680 
 
 9-18 
 
 9-20 
 
 9-1257 
 
 9-1041 
 
 4-9658 
 
 5-7654 
 
 6-709 
 
 6-722 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 2593 
 
 2561 
 
 7-01 
 
 7-12 
 
 12-1820 
 
 11-9085 
 
 9-1848 
 
 8-3395 
 
 5-239 
 
 5-347 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 
 1475 
 
 1504 
 
 5-51 
 
 5-41 
 
 15-4476 
 
 15-6769 
 
 11-7039 
 
 11-9842 
 
 4-183 
 
 4-122 
 
 80 
 
 85 
 
 689 
 
 689 
 
 4-12 
 
 4-04 
 
 20-4551 
 
 20-7203 
 
 16-8539 
 
 17-0597 
 
 3-115 
 
 3-071 
 
 85 
 
 90 
 
 220 
 
 219 
 
 3-28 
 
 2-97 
 
 25-4278 
 
 27-3847 
 
 25-0541 
 
 23-9580 
 
 2-416 
 
 2-^202 
 
 90 
 
 95 
 
 46 
 
 41 
 
 3-53 
 
 2-15 
 
 23-3721 
 
 35-9713 
 
 22-4359 
 
 33-0054 
 
 2-674 
 
 1-511 
 
 95 
 
36 
 
 Tab. D. 7. The Observations made on the Populations of Sweden, Glasgow, Carlisle, and Stockholm, 
 compared with the New Table of Mean Mortality. Expressing the annual Death from 100 con- 
 stantly Living. 
 
 Between 
 
 Glasgow. 
 
 CarUsle. 
 
 The New 
 Table. • 
 
 Sweden. 
 
 Stockholm. 
 9 Years. 1756—63. 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 Ages. 
 
 6 Yean. 
 1821—26. 
 
 9 Years. 
 1779-87. 
 
 21 Years. 
 
 17SS-7.'i. 
 
 20 Years. 
 I776-«5. 
 
 5 Years. 
 1801—6. 
 
 Hales. 
 
 Females. 
 
 0—5 
 5-10 
 10-20 
 20-30 
 30-40 
 40^0 
 50-60 
 60-70 
 70-80 
 80-90 
 
 Al>ove90 
 
 7-7300 
 
 1-2937 
 
 -7147 
 
 1-0500 
 
 1-3101 
 
 1-7057 
 
 2-8802 
 
 5-1932 
 
 11-4978 
 
 19-2833 
 
 37-1515 
 
 8-2282 
 
 1-0226 
 
 -5854 
 
 •7541 
 
 P0588 
 
 1-4345 
 
 1-8267 
 
 4-,1249 
 
 8-2992 
 
 17-5627 
 
 28-4444 
 
 6-7250 
 
 •9869 
 
 •7004 
 
 •9348. 
 
 1-2543 
 
 1-6824 
 
 2-4019 
 
 4-8326 
 
 10-0432 
 
 20-1783 
 
 39-8503 
 
 9-0089 
 
 1-4165 
 
 •7086 
 
 •9181 
 
 1^2200 
 
 1-7409 
 
 2-6412 
 
 4-8095 
 
 10-2320 
 
 20-7769 
 
 39-4096 
 
 8-5027 
 
 1-3648 
 
 •6530 
 
 •8910 
 
 1-1560 
 
 1-6063 
 
 2-3868 
 
 4-9340 
 
 10-4115 
 
 19-7391 
 
 35-1325 
 
 7-3889 
 
 1-0701 
 
 -5370 
 
 -7415 
 
 •9712 
 
 1-4602 
 
 2-5115 
 
 4-8940 
 
 11-1768 
 
 23-2119 
 
 41-9837 
 
 26-9579 
 
 2-8926 
 
 1-3041 
 
 2-6260 
 
 3-5419 
 
 4-6711 
 
 6-4587 
 
 10-0992 
 
 15-8654 
 
 31-9444 
 
 37-5000 
 
 22^8428 
 
 2-5641 
 
 •9353 
 
 1-5035 
 
 2-4115 
 
 3-3909 
 
 4-0532 
 
 6-6732 
 
 14-6809 
 
 34-1708 
 
 44-4444 
 
 0—5 
 5-10 
 10-20 
 20-30 
 30-40 
 40-50 
 50-60 
 60-70 
 70-80 
 80-90 
 90-100 
 
 AU Ages. 
 
 2-5557 
 
 2-5000 
 
 2-5525 
 
 2-8898 
 
 2-6786 
 
 2-4449 
 
 5-9312 
 
 4-7772 
 
 0-100 
 
 Tab. D. 8. Deparcieux's French Monks, Nuns, and Tontine. 
 Expressing the relation of annual Deaths to 100 annual 
 Survivors. 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 Tontine. 
 
 Benedict. 
 Monies of 
 St. Maur. 
 
 Other Be- 
 nedictine 
 Monks. 
 
 Monks 
 
 of St. 
 
 Gteeri^Te 
 
 Many 
 other 
 Monks. 
 
 Many 
 
 Nuns 
 
 in Paris. 
 
 20-30 
 
 1-03 
 
 -74 
 
 -83 
 
 -87 
 
 •78 
 
 -80 
 
 30-40 
 
 1-10 
 
 1-12 
 
 -95 
 
 1-36 
 
 •94 
 
 1-04 
 
 40-50 
 
 1-22 
 
 1-58 
 
 1-53 
 
 2-03 
 
 r5i 
 
 1-40 
 
 50-60 
 
 2-22 
 
 2-98 
 
 2-91 
 
 3-11 
 
 2-72 
 
 2-34 
 
 60-70 
 
 3-83 
 
 5-48 
 
 5-67 
 
 5-89 
 
 5-20 
 
 4-59 
 
 70-80 
 
 8-65 
 
 12-30 
 
 12-88 
 
 11-20 
 
 10-93 
 
 9-10 
 
 80-90 
 
 18-23 
 
 23-77 
 
 24-14 
 
 24-54 
 
 24-03 
 
 18^84 
 
 90-100 
 
 44-00 
 
 33-33 
 
 33-33 
 
 33-33 
 
 42-86 
 
 26^67 
 
 20-100 
 
 2-46 
 
 2-57 
 
 2-56 
 
 2-70 
 
 2-51 
 
 2-46 
 
 Tab. D. 9. Shewing the relation of Sickness 
 to Life, at different ages, according to the 
 Report made by the Highland Society. 
 
 Between 
 Agefc 
 
 Years 
 of Life. 
 
 Weeks of 
 Sickness. 
 
 Sick 
 Weeks in 
 a Year. 
 
 Rate of 
 Sick time 
 
 to ISO of 
 Lifetime. 
 
 17-20 
 20-30 
 30-40 
 40-50 
 50-60 
 60-70 
 
 AboTe70 
 
 1056 
 
 23509 
 36261 
 25119 
 12598 
 4548 
 1127 
 
 401 
 13907 
 24894 
 25806 
 23691 
 25622 
 18642 
 
 •3797 
 
 •5916 
 
 •6865 
 
 1-0273 
 
 1-8805 
 
 5-6337 
 
 16-5413 
 
 •7611 
 
 •7278 
 M337 
 r3157 
 1-9689 
 3-6041 
 10-7970 
 31-7016 
 
 20-^0 
 
 84889 
 
 64607 
 
 1^4586 
 
 Tab. D. 10. Shewing the Annual Rate of Mortality per cent, on Six Classes of Government Annuitants, for 
 periods terminating in the year 1826, so for as can be collected from the published " Statement." 
 
 Between 
 Ages. 
 
 Nos. 1. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 4. 
 
 5. 
 
 6. 
 
 2, 3, 4, and 5. | 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Female. 
 
 Hate. 
 
 FemBl& 
 
 0-11 
 11-21 
 
 21-31 
 31-41 
 41-51 
 51-61 
 61-71 
 71-81 
 81-91 
 
 •95 
 1-21 
 2-61 
 2-21 
 2-57 
 3-33 
 6-29 
 11-91 
 21-05 
 
 1-44 
 -78 
 1-57 
 1-88 
 2-02 
 3-42 
 4-49 
 9-95 
 25-22 
 
 -54 
 
 -50 
 
 1-16 
 
 1-17 
 
 1-29 
 
 2-91 
 
 6-64 
 
 11-72 
 
 20-66 
 
 -68 
 ;52 
 1-12 
 1-28 
 1-63 
 2-49 
 5-03 
 9-14 
 14-76 
 
 -70 
 -85 
 1-36 
 1-25 
 1-35 
 2-40 
 4-27 
 8-59 
 20-12 
 
 -59 
 
 •67 
 
 ■97 
 
 1-15 
 
 1"24 
 
 1^52 
 
 3-53 
 
 8-78 
 
 14-93 
 
 -79 
 -96 
 1-31 
 1-30 
 1-17 
 2-18 
 4-07 
 8-08 
 11-59 
 
 -65 
 
 •78 
 
 •76 
 
 1-00 
 
 1^30 
 
 1-71 
 
 2-73 
 
 7-50 
 
 19-19 
 
 -84 
 -87 
 1-30 
 1-12 
 1-46 
 3-05 
 5-34 
 9-35 
 21-97 
 
 -78 
 -89 
 -81 
 -93 
 •97 
 1-63 
 4-35 
 
 1-65 
 2-20 
 4-27 
 8-37 
 15-17 
 
 -76 
 
 1-44 
 
 2-80 
 
 6-85 
 
 13-98 
 
 -77 
 -85 
 1-30 
 1^20 
 1^34 
 2^69 
 5-30 
 9-73 
 18-95 
 
 -67 
 
 •75 
 
 •89 
 
 1^07 
 
 1-31 
 
 1-94 
 
 4-20 
 
 8-78 
 
 15-30 
 
 Total 1 
 nuatlu.l 
 
 594 
 
 408 
 
 892 
 
 1504 
 
 911 
 
 1082 
 
 637 
 
 678 
 
 1243 
 
 580 
 
 593 
 
 955 
 
 3683 
 
 3844 
 
 Number 1 
 
 ll'ing i- 
 
 olIginBll^.j 
 
 594 
 
 408 
 
 928 
 
 1624 
 
 1486 
 
 2071 
 
 1498 
 
 2020 
 
 2764 
 
 2067 
 
 2077 
 
 4815 
 
 6676 
 
 7782 
 
 obiern. f 
 tlon In f 
 
 90 years. 
 
 80 
 
 51 
 
 37 
 
 . 37 
 
 9 
 
 40 1 
 
37 
 
 Tab. D. 11. Shewing the present value of 
 £100 certain, to be received at the end of 
 any number of years, from one to fifty. 
 
 Tab. D. 12. Shewing the present value of 
 Annuity of £l, for a fixed term of years, 
 payments being made at the end of each year. 
 
 Years. 
 
 S^-cent. 
 
 l#'cent. 
 
 5 f cent. 
 
 6 #' cent. 
 
 
 Years. 
 
 3 #■ cent. 
 
 4 #■ cent. 
 
 5 #" cent. 
 
 6 ^ cent. 
 
 
 1 
 
 97-0874 
 
 96-1538 
 
 95-2381 
 
 94-3396 
 
 1 
 
 -9709 
 
 •9615 
 
 -9524 
 
 -9434 
 
 
 2 
 
 94-2596 
 
 92-4556 
 
 90-7029 
 
 88-9996 
 
 
 2 
 
 1-9134 
 
 1-8861 
 
 1-8594 
 
 1-8334 
 
 
 3 
 
 91-5142 
 
 88-8996 
 
 86-3838 
 
 83-9619 
 
 
 3 
 
 2-8286 
 
 2-7751 
 
 2-7232 
 
 2-6730 
 
 
 4 
 
 88-8487 
 
 85-4804 
 
 82-2702 
 
 79-2094 
 
 
 4 
 
 3-7171 
 
 3-6299 
 
 3-5460 
 
 3-4651 
 
 
 5 
 
 86-2609 
 
 82-1927 
 
 78-3526 
 
 74-7258 
 
 
 5 
 
 4-5797 
 
 4-4518 
 
 4-3295 
 
 4-2124 
 
 
 6 
 
 83-7484 
 
 79-0315 
 
 74-6215 
 
 70-4961 
 
 
 6 
 
 5-4172 
 
 5-2421 
 
 5-0757 
 
 4-9173 
 
 
 7 
 
 81-3092 
 
 75-9918 
 
 71-0681 
 
 66-5057 
 
 
 7 
 
 6-2303 
 
 6-0021 
 
 5-7864 
 
 5-5824 
 
 
 8 
 
 78-9409 
 
 73-0690 
 
 67-6839 
 
 62-7412 
 
 
 8 
 
 7-0197 
 
 6-7327 
 
 6-4632 
 
 6-2098 
 
 
 9 
 
 76-6417 
 
 70-2587 
 
 64-4609 
 
 59-1898 
 
 
 9 
 
 7-7861 
 
 7-4353 
 
 7-1078 
 
 6-8017 
 
 
 10 
 
 74-4094 
 
 67-5564 
 
 61-3913 
 
 55-8395 
 
 
 10 
 
 8-5302 
 
 8-1109 
 
 7-7217 
 
 7-3601 
 
 
 11 
 
 72-2421 
 
 64-9581 
 
 58-4679 
 
 52-6788 
 
 
 11 
 
 9-2526 
 
 8-7605 
 
 8-3064 
 
 7-8869 
 
 
 12 
 
 70-1380 
 
 62-4597 
 
 55-6837 
 
 49-6969 
 
 
 12 
 
 9-9540 
 
 9-3851 
 
 8-8633 
 
 8-3838 
 
 
 13 
 
 68-0951 
 
 60-0574 
 
 53-0321 
 
 46-8839 
 
 
 13 
 
 10-6350 
 
 9-9856 
 
 9-3936 
 
 8-8527 
 
 
 14 
 
 66-1118 
 
 57-7475 
 
 50-5068 
 
 44-2301 
 
 
 14 
 
 11-2961 
 
 10-5631 
 
 9-8986 
 
 9-2950 
 
 
 15 
 
 64-1862 
 
 55-5265 
 
 48-1017 
 
 41-7265 
 
 
 15 
 
 11-9379 
 
 11-1184 
 
 10-3797 
 
 9-7122 
 
 
 16 
 
 62-3167 
 
 53-3908 
 
 45-8112 
 
 39-3646 
 
 
 16 
 
 12-5611 
 
 11-6523 
 
 10-8378 
 
 10-1059 
 
 
 17 
 
 60-5016 
 
 51-3373 
 
 43-6297 
 
 37-1364 
 
 
 17 
 
 13-1661 
 
 12-1657 
 
 11-27-41 
 
 10-4773 
 
 
 18 
 
 58-7395 
 
 49-3628 
 
 41-5521 
 
 35-0344 
 
 
 18 
 
 13-7535 
 
 12-6593 
 
 11-6896 
 
 10-8276 
 
 
 19 
 
 57-0286 
 
 47-4642 
 
 39-5734 
 
 33-0513 
 
 
 19 
 
 14-3238 
 
 13-1339 
 
 12-0853 
 
 11-1581 
 
 
 20 
 
 55-3676 
 
 45-6387 
 
 37-6889 
 
 31-1805 
 
 
 20 
 
 14-8775 
 
 13-5903 
 
 12-4622 
 
 11-4699 
 
 
 21 
 
 53-7549 
 
 43-8834 
 
 35-8942 
 
 29-4155 
 
 
 21 
 
 15-4150 
 
 14-0292 
 
 12-8212 
 
 11-7641 
 
 
 22 
 
 62-1893 
 
 42-1955 
 
 34-1850 
 
 27-7505 
 
 
 22 
 
 15-9369 
 
 14-4511 
 
 13-1630 
 
 12-0416 
 
 
 23 
 
 50-6692 
 
 40-5726 
 
 32-5571 
 
 26-1797 
 
 
 23 
 
 16-4436 
 
 14-8568 
 
 13-4886 
 
 12-3034 
 
 
 24 
 
 49-1934 
 
 39-0121 
 
 31-0068 
 
 24-6979 
 
 
 24 
 
 16-9355 
 
 15-2470 
 
 13-7986 
 
 12-5504 
 
 
 25 
 
 47-7606 
 
 37-5117 
 
 29-5303 
 
 23-2999 
 
 
 25 
 
 17-4131 
 
 15-6221 
 
 14-0939 
 
 12-7834 
 
 
 26 
 
 46-3695 
 
 36-0689 
 
 28-1241 
 
 21-9810 
 
 
 26 
 
 17-8768 
 
 15-9828 
 
 14-3752 
 
 13-0032 
 
 
 27 
 
 45-0189 
 
 34-6817 
 
 26-7848 
 
 20-7368 
 
 
 27 
 
 18-3270 
 
 16-3296 
 
 14-6430 
 
 13-2105 
 
 
 28 
 
 43-7077 
 
 33-3477 
 
 25-5094 
 
 19-5630 
 
 
 28 
 
 18-7641 
 
 16-6631 
 
 14-8981 
 
 13-4062 
 
 
 29 
 
 42-4346 
 
 32-0651 
 
 24-2946 
 
 18-4557 
 
 
 29 
 
 19-1885 
 
 16-9837 
 
 15-1411 
 
 13-5907 
 
 
 30 
 
 41-1987 
 
 30-8319 
 
 23-1377 
 
 17-4110 
 
 
 30 
 
 19-6004 
 
 17-2920 
 
 15-3725 
 
 13-7648 
 
 
 31 
 
 39-9987 
 
 29-6460 
 
 22-0359 
 
 16-4255 
 
 
 31 
 
 20-0004 
 
 17-5885 
 
 15-5928 
 
 13-9291 
 
 
 32 
 
 38-8337 
 
 28-5058 
 
 20-9866 
 
 15-4957 
 
 
 32 
 
 20-3888 
 
 17-8736 
 
 15-8027 
 
 14-0840 
 
 
 33 
 
 37-7026 
 
 27-4094 
 
 19-9873 
 
 14-6186 
 
 
 33 
 
 20-7658 
 
 18-1476 
 
 16-0025 
 
 14-2302 
 
 
 34 
 
 36-6045 
 
 26-3552 
 
 19-0355 
 
 13-7912 
 
 
 34 
 
 21-1318 
 
 18-4112 
 
 16-1929 
 
 14-3681 
 
 
 35 
 
 35-5383 
 
 25-3415 
 
 18-1290 
 
 13-0105 
 
 
 35 
 
 21-4872 
 
 18-6646 
 
 16-3742 
 
 14-4982 
 
 
 36 
 
 34-5032 
 
 24-3669 
 
 17-2657 
 
 12-2741 
 
 
 36 
 
 21-8323 
 
 18-9083 
 
 16-5469 
 
 14-6210 
 
 
 37 
 
 33-4983 
 
 23-4297 
 
 16-4436 
 
 11-5793 
 
 
 37 
 
 22-1672 
 
 19-1426 
 
 16-7113 
 
 14-7368 
 
 
 38 
 
 32-5226 
 
 22-5285 
 
 15-6605 
 
 10-9239 
 
 
 38 
 
 22-4925 
 
 19-3679 
 
 16-8679 
 
 14-8460 
 
 
 39 
 
 31-5754 
 
 21-6621 
 
 14-9148 
 
 10-3056 
 
 
 39 
 
 22-8082 
 
 19-5845 
 
 17-0170 
 
 14-9491 
 
 
 40 
 
 30-6557 
 
 20>8289 
 
 14-2046 
 
 9-7222 
 
 
 40 
 
 23-1148 
 
 19-7928 
 
 17-1591 
 
 15-0463 
 
 
 41 
 
 29-7628 
 
 20-0278 
 
 13-5282 
 
 9-1719 
 
 
 41 
 
 23-4124 
 
 19-9931 
 
 17-2944 
 
 15-1380 
 
 
 42 
 
 28-8959 
 
 19-2575 
 
 12-8840 
 
 8-6527 
 
 
 42 
 
 23-7014 
 
 20-1856 
 
 17-4232 
 
 15-2245 
 
 
 43 
 
 28-0543 
 
 18-5168 
 
 12-2704 
 
 8-1630 
 
 
 43 
 
 23-9819 
 
 20-3708 
 
 17-5459 
 
 15-3062 
 
 
 44 
 
 27-2372 
 
 17-8046 
 
 11-686! 
 
 7-7009 
 
 
 44 
 
 24-2543 
 
 20-5488 
 
 17-6628 
 
 15-3832 
 
 
 45 
 
 26-4439 
 
 17-1198 
 
 11-1297 
 
 7-2650 
 
 
 45 
 
 24-5187 
 
 20-7200 
 
 17-7741 
 
 15-4558 
 
 
 46 
 
 25-6737 
 
 16-4614 
 
 10-5997 
 
 6-8538 
 
 
 46 
 
 24-7754 
 
 20-8847 
 
 17-8801 
 
 15-5244 
 
 - 
 
 47 
 
 24-9259 
 
 15-8283 
 
 10-0949 
 
 6-4658 
 
 
 47 
 
 25-0247 
 
 21-0428 
 
 17-981C 
 
 15-5890 
 
 
 48 
 
 24-1999 
 
 15-2195 
 
 9-6142 
 
 6-0998 
 
 
 48 
 
 25-2667 
 
 21-1951 
 
 18-0772 
 
 15-650C 
 
 
 49 
 
 23-495C 
 
 14-6341 
 
 9-1564 
 
 I 5-754€ 
 
 
 49 
 
 25-5017 
 
 .21-3415 
 
 ,18-1687 
 
 .15-7076 
 
 
 50 
 
 22-8107 
 
 14-0713 
 
 8-7204 
 
 [ 5-428S 
 
 
 50 
 
 25-729S 
 
 i 21-4822 
 
 18-255£ 
 
 » 15-761E 
 
 
 60 
 
 16-9732 
 
 9-506C 
 
 5-353e 
 
 ) 30314 
 
 
 60 
 
 27-675e 
 
 ) 22-623£ 
 
 18-929C 
 
 1 16-1614 
 
 
 70 
 
 12-6297 
 
 6-421S 
 
 3-286f 
 
 > 1-6927 
 
 
 70 
 
 29-123^ 
 
 t 23-394£ 
 
 > 19-3427 
 
 16-384£ 
 
 
 80 
 90 
 
 9-3977 
 6-9928 
 
 4-3384 
 2-930£ 
 
 \: 2-0177 
 
 ' -9455 
 
 
 80 
 
 30-200? 
 
 ! 23-9154 
 
 [ 19-5961 
 
 ) 16-5091 
 
 
 > 1-2387 
 
 ' -527f 
 
 
 Perpe 
 tual. 
 
 33-3331 
 
 i 25-OOOC 
 
 20-OOOC 
 
 ) 16-6667 
 
 
38 
 
 The few following Formulce will be found to embrace all cases of common occurrence in 
 the Practice of Life Assurance. I have adopted the Notation used by Mr. Milne, in 
 his " Treatise on Life Annuities^ 
 
 The different letters of the alphabet denote distinct lives of specified ages. The 
 manner of writing each letter denotes the kind of contingency. For a specified life or 
 age, the Saxon large character denotes an Assurance of £1, or the value of £1, payable 
 at the expiration of the year of death ; the common Roman capitals denote the value of 
 £ 1, payable annually during life ; the small Italic characters denote the tabular Survivors 
 at the given age out of a given number born. The last characters, with small figures 
 added to the left and lower corner, express the probability of surviving one, two, or more 
 years. The expression for any specific contingency on a given life is made to serve for a 
 life older or younger by a known number of years : if older, this number is placed at the 
 higher and left corner ; if younger, at the lower and right corner. 
 
 The present value of £ 1 , payable certain, at the end of one year := v. 
 
 A=iaD(l+iA): i. e. value of Annuity of £1 on given life = r— ) probability of 
 
 living one year x « X (1 + Annuity on life one year older). 
 
 AB=A4-B— AB: i. e. Annuity on longest of two lives=Annuity on A+ Annuity 
 on B — Annuity on the joint lives. 
 
 -j-rA^A — ,a ««'A : i. e. life Annuity for (f) years=Annuity for whole of life — probabi- 
 lity, of living (<) years x v' x Annuity on life {t) years older. 
 
 I — lav' 
 
 Annual payment for Assurance of £1 for (t) years = , . 'n -4-'A '>"*""~^ 
 
 Single payment for same = Annual payment x {1 -t-A — ,ai;'(l +'A)}^-yM 
 
 Single payment for £ 1, payable on the ) 1 ( ^« , ^ ^ ) -Annual nav 
 death of (A), provided (B) then alive j " 2 1 +^^~ A 5 ~*°''"^' P^^' 
 
 ment x (1 + AB). 
 
 Value of Annuity on longest of three lives, or A B C = ( A + B + C) — (AB + AC + BC) 
 +ABC. 
 
 Value of £ 1, payable if A, B, and C are all alive at the end | _'a'b'c ', , , . , 
 
 of (0 years 5 ~ 'Si^'' ~'^^ ^^^ 
 
 Value of absolute reversion of Life Annuity = 
 
 l—v 
 
 Value of Life Reversion to B after A =B — AB. 
 Value of Life Annuity of £ 1 , payable weekly = A + •S. 
 
 Constants. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 V. 
 
 x«. 
 
 X 1 — c). 
 
 3 per cent. 
 
 4 per cent. 
 
 5 per cent. 
 
 6 per cent. 
 
 •97087379 
 •96153846 
 •95238095 
 •94339623 
 
 t987 16277 
 •98296666 
 •97881070 
 •97469413 
 
 ^•4642840 
 •5850267 
 •6777807 
 •7528454 
 
 T7J ^ '^ The three values of >i p 
 
 j/=io ^ 
 
 h, or modulus of common logarithms='434294482. 
 
 Ml 
 
 —•1700. 
 0128. 
 0333. 
 
 And A A = T^6377843. 
 
 LONDON: 
 J. M0YE9, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE.