CUnrtt^U Interaitg SItbrarg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OFTHE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF 1891 93TO Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library PA 258.G55 Greek prose composition :for use in scho 3 1924 021 533 868 All books are subject to recall after two weeks Olln/Kroch Library DATE DUE '^fl^ ''*H^6 Rl This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation with Corneii University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in iimited quantity for your personai purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partiai versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commerciai purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021533868 Digitizes by Microsoft® GREEK SERIES FOR COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS EDITED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OP HERBERT WEIR SMYTH, Ph.D. ELIOT PROFESSOR OF GREEK LITERATURE IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY Digitized by Microsoft® VOLUMES OF THE SERIES GREEK GRAMMAR. By the Editor, BEGINNER'S GREEK BOOK. Prof. Allen R. Benner, Phillips Academy, An- dover; and the Editor. $1.25. BRIEF GREEK SYNTAX. Prof. Louis Bevier, Jr., Rutgers College. $0.90. GREEK PROSE READER. Prof. F. E. Woodruif, Bowdoin College, and Prof. J. W. Hewitt, Wesleyan University. GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION FOR SCHOOLS. Clarence W. Gleason, Volkmann School, Boston. $0.80. GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION FOR COLLEGES. Prof. Edward H. Spieker, Johns Hopkins University. $1.30. AESCHYLUS. Agamemnon. Prof. Paul Shorey, University of Chicago. AESCHYLUS. Prometheus. Prof. J. E. Harry, University of Cincinnati. $1.50. ARISTOPHANES. 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Hatch, Qeneral Theological Seminary, New York. Others to be announced later. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION FOR USE IN SCHOOLS BY CLARENCE W. GLEASON, A.M. ROXBURy LATIN SCHOOL o;*:o NEW YORK •:• CINCINNATI •:• CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY EV. Digitized by Microsoft® COFYEIGHT, igos, BY AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY. Ehteked at Stationers' Hall, London gleason, greek prose. w. p. 3 Digitized by Microsoft® PREFACE The following exercises in Greek composition are in- tended to be used in connection with the daily work on the text prescribed for drill in syntax in preparation for college. Following a carefully prepared grammatical scheme, they begin with the simplest possible sentences, and are developed gradually until all the more difficult constructions of ordinary "second year" prose are in- cluded. The sentences designated "for oral translation" are made as short as the subject permits, in the hope that the pupil may be encouraged to think and talk without com- mitting himself always to writing. At frequent intervals lessons of connected passages occur, reviewing both the subject-matter of the preceding oral exercises and the points of syntax which they cover. It is understood, however, that many teachers will prefer to treat all the exercises as written work; in such cases the lessons of connected discourse will be found valuable as weekly review exercises. I am under great obligations for many helpful sugges- tions and criticisms to Professor Herbert Weir Smyth, editor of the series, and to Dr. William Gallagher of Thayer Academy, South Braintree (Mass.), and Mr. C. E. Burroughs of New York, all of whom read the book in proof with great care. CLARENCE W. GLEASON. Boston, April I, 1905. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® CONTENTS rAGE Preface ..... 5 Summary of Grammar 9-52 Exercises in Composition ...... 53-130 Vocabulary 133-1SS 7 Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR [The references are to the Grammars of Hadley and Allen (HA.), Goodwin (G.), Babbitt (B.), and Goodell (Gl.). The examples are chiefly from Xenophon's Aaalasis.'] 1. Subject Nominative. [HA. 6oi; G. 894; B. 325; Gl. 503.] The subject of a finite verb is in the nominative case. ivaPaiva, o3i> 6 Kvpos, so Cyrus went up, I. I. 2. 2. Subject not expressed. [HA. 602 ; G. 897, 898 ; B. 305 ; Gl. 493.] The subject is not usually expressed when it is clearly indicated by the verb ending or by the context. Kvpov 8e /xeraTrefMTcrai, he sent for Cyrus, I. I. 2. N. So always with so-called impersonal verbs and other verbs when used impersonally, the subject being often an infinitive or a clause. o/Mus 8c cSoKci lirecrOcu, still it seemed best to follow, 1. 3. 21. 3. Subject Accusative. [HA. 939; G. 895. i; B. 342; Gl. 570. d.] The subject of the infinitive is in the accusative. vo/ufo) yotp vjuas clvot ^iXovs, for I consider that you are friends, I. 3. 6. 4. Subject not expressed. [HA. 940, 941 ; G. 895. 2 ; B. 630; Gl. S71.J The subject of the infinitive is generally omitted when it is the same as the subject or object of the 9 Digitized by Microsoft® 10 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION leading verb. A modifier of the subject then agrees with the subject of the leading verb. Cp. lo. dStKeio-^at I'o/x.tfet v ^jxlov, he considers that he is wronged by us, I. 3. 10. 5. Agreement of Verb and Subject. [HA. 603 ; G. 899. I ; B. 495 ; Gl. 49S.J A finite verb agrees with its subject in number and person. cTcXeijTjjo-e Aapetos, Darius died, i. 1.3. N. But with two or more subjects the verb may agree only with the nearer or more important (HA. 607 ; G. 901 ; B. 496. i ; Gl. 498). a)(f. 8c TO /Jiiv Se^Lov Mei/wv Kal oi (tvv avTr] Ihrai, he said that he should not go, I. 3. 8. 11. Substantives. [HA. 621 ; G. 932; B. 424; Gl. 544. J An adjective or participle, generally with the article, may be used as a noun. apx<^v, commander, I. i. 2 ; ol ^evyovTcs, the exiles, I. I. 7 ; to AvKaui, the Lycaean sacrifices, i. 2. 10; to fxio-ov, the center, I. 2. ij. N. So sometimes an adverb or prepositional phrase: to. irap' ifioi, life with me, i. 7. 4; ot oUoi, those at home, i. 7. 4; 6 KSpos 6'i N. Of these the first arrangement is most common. TO evutw/xov Kepai, the left wing, I. 8. 4. ^ ap)(ii ^ TraTpiSa, my ancestral province, I. 7. 6. (TTpovOol al juEyoXai, the great " sparrows," I. 5. 2. 18. Attributive Position. [HA. 666. a ; G. 960; B. 451 ; Gl. 552. a.J Attributive adjectives, possessive pronouns, Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 13 and in general most attributive dependent genitives (except partitives and the genitive of the personal pronouns) have the attributive position. 6 e/xds ■Kar-qp, my fether, i. 6. 6. 01 ToS ijuov cISeX^oS i\oi,, the friends of my brother, i. 7. 6. 19. Predicate Position. [HA. 670; G. 971 ; B. 453 ; Gl. 552. c] A limiting word preceding the article or follow- ing both article and noun is in the predicate position. 6 ivrip (To(o, and d|i(j>6Tepos have the predicate position like a demonstrative. [HA. 673. a; G. 976; B. 456; Gl. 554- J N. With l/cao-Tos the article may be omitted. TO) iraTSe d/K^orepo), both lads, I. I. I. Ixao-Tov TO f6v(K, each nation, i. 8. 9. Digitized by Microsoft® 14 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION 23. '0 (i\\o9 in the singular generally means the rest of; ol (IXXoi means the others. [G. 966 ; B. 492. n. j TO oXKo a-Tpdrevim, the rest of the army, i . 2. 25. ol aXXoi uTpaT-qyoi, the other generals, i. 2. 15. N. Both o aXXos and aAAos sometimes mean else, besides, ov yap yjv ^opros owSe aXAo oiSei/ SeVSpov, for there was no grass, and not even a tree besides, i. 5. 5. 24. noXi5s with the article usually means the greater part. [HA. 665; G. 967; Gl. 556.] •BoX-i, much ; ro iroXv, the greater part. TToAAot, many ; ot ■koIO'^oi, the multitude, the majority. TrXeto-Toi, very many ; 01 it\€,(jToi, most, the majority. TO fikv 8^ iro\v toC 'EXAiyi/tKov, the greater part of the Greek force, 1.4. 13. irAeto-roi ovoi aypioi, very many wild asses, I. J. 2. Toijra)]/ 8e ot TrXEio-Toi ®paK£aXayya would mean the whole of the phalanx.] N. But they may also be used like attributive adjectives in the attributive position. 01 crij/x7ravTe« ottXitm, the whole body of hoplites, I. 2. 9. 27. Demonstrative Article. [HA. 654; G. 981 ; B. 443 ; Gl. 549.] The original demonstrative force of the article survives chiefly in the expression o iih . . . 6 Be, the one . . . the other ; plural, some . . . others. TOirs /tev a.TreKTUv€, tovs 8' i$e^a\ev, he put to death some, others he banished, i. i. 7. N. So 6 8i, and he, but he, at the beginning of a sentence with change of subject is found without a preceding o /acv. iSaKpve TToXvv xpovov kuruii • oil Se opSvTes idavfia^ov, he wept a long time standing; and they marveled as they beheld, 1. 3. 2. 28. Indefinite Article. [G. 1015. 2; B. 491. n. i.] There is no indefinite article in Greek. Sometimes, however, the indefinite pronoun rt? is nearly equivalent to English a or an. li.epo9 Ti T^s evToiias, an example of their discipline, i. 5. 8. 29. Personal Pronouns. [HA. 6y^ ; G. 985 ; B. 467 ; GL SS7.] The nominatives of the personal pronouns are sel- dom used except for emphasis, as the endings of the verb indicate clearly the person of the subject. iiril vfieig i/j-oi ova iOiXerc ireLOecrOai, iyw avv v^lv ol/o/joi, since you do not wish to obey me, I will follow with you, i. 3. 6. 30. Personal Pronouns. [HA. 263; G. 986; B. 139; Gl. 195.] The forms ifiov, i/Moi, i/Me, are more emphatic than Digitized by Microsoft® i6 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION the enclitic fiov, fiol, /il But with prepositions (except 7r/3o's) the longer forms are preferred. Koi jraVas i/J^ wutto. ttoXiv ISukos /mi, and winning me (ttea the king) over, you again gave me pledges, I. 6. 7. 31. 05, ol, I. [HA. 677. a, 685; G. 987; B. 468; Gl. 197.] In Attic Greek the pronoun of the third person, o5, ol, i, is always reflexive (cp. 33), but only ol and o-^ew, ffa'i, are used. turgaav . . . of tovi/res dSevM tC uriv lorai, they went in, demand- ing to know what they were to have, i. 7. 8. 32. AiiTds. [HA. 678-682 ; G. 989; B. 475 ; Gl. 199. J AwTos has three uses : — 1. In all its cases it may be an intensive adjective, Mm self, herself, itself {L.2Ltm. ipse'). (US o.vTo% o-u ojnoXoyew, as you yourself admit, i . 6. 7. 81' oxfTwv Twv TToK^idrnv, through the enemy themselves, right through the enemy, i . 8. 20. 2. When preceded by the article, it means the same (Latin idem). rh. avra jSovXevd/icvot, plotting the same things, I. 1.7. cv T(S avrw (sc. xapiai), in the same place, i. 8. 14. 3. In the oblique cases avroV is the ordinary pronoun of the third person, Aim, her, it, them (Latin is). (TTparrffov Se avrov djrc'Setfe, he appointed him general, I. I. 2. 33. Reflexive Pronouns. [HA. 683 ; G. 993 ; B. 470, 471 ; Gl. 200.] Reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of the clause in which they stand {direct reflexives). Sometimes in a dependent clause they refer to the sub- ject of the leading verb {indirect reflexives). Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 17 Direct: lyvus t^v (tovtov 8wa/uv,.you recognized your own power, I. 6. 7. Tur Trap' eauTm PapPdpmv iire/ieXeiTO, he looked out for the barbarians with him, i. i. 5. Indirect : ij^Lov . . . hoO^vai ol Tovras toIs ToA.eis, he asked that those cities be given to him (self), i. i. 8. dftoSi'Tes eiStVai ntriftunv eorat, demanding to know what they should have, I. 7. 8. 34. A-Ords often is used instead of the indirect reflexive. [HA. 684; G. 992; B. 471. I.J Kai tS>v Trap kavrm /Sap^dpaiv en-E/icXefro ms • . ■ ewol'icfis i)(Oi€i' avru, and he took pains that the barbarians with him might be well disposed toward him, i. i. 5. 35. Possessive Pronouns. [HA. 689, 675 ; G. 998, 946; B. 477, 445; Gl. 204, 551. c] The possessive pronouns are generally equivalent to the possessive genitive of the personal pronouns. N. They have the article with attributive position when referring to definite individuals, but not otherwise. o £//.ds TraTrjp = o TraTrjp pxyv, my &ther, 1 . 6. 6. e/uos 8c dScX^os, a brother of mine, i. 7. 9. 36. Demonstrative Pronouns. [HA. 695, 696 ; G. 1004, 1005 ; B. 481, 482 ; GI. 206-208.] OStos and ohe, this, gen- erally refer to what is near or present ; eKetvo<;, that, refers to what is more remote. OStos often refers to what pre- cedes, ohe to what follows. Tavra eiTrev, he said this (before stated), i. 3. 7. TovSe Tov Tpairov, in the following manner, i. i. 9. eXc^e rdSe, he spoke as follows, i. 4. 13. 37. Those Who. [G. 1007 ; B. 650. n. 2 ; cp. Gl. 582. a.] Those who is expressed in Greek by a participle with the article. GL. GK. PR. COMP. — 2 Digitized by Microsoft® 1 8 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION ol Trapo. Ttjv ddXarrav oIkovvtk, those who dwell along the coast, I. 2. 24. 38. Interrogative Pronouns. [HA. 700; G. 1011-1013; B. 489, 490; cp. Gl. 217.] The interrogative T19, wAo ? what? may be either substantive or adjective, tk may be used in both direct and indirect questions, though in indi- rect questions the relative oo-rts is more common. Tiaxiv KeXeua) ■jroi^crat; what, then, do I bid you do? I. 4. 14. iOavfUKTe Tis TrapayyeXkei, Koi fipero o tl urj to o-vvOtjixo, he wondered who was giving orders and asked what the watchword was, i. 8. 16. 39. Indefinite Pronouns. [HA. 701; G. 1015; B. 491; cp. Gl. 217, 2 1 8. J The indefinite tU (enclitic), some, any, may be either adjective or substantive. N. It is sometimes nearly equivalent to an indefinite article. See 28. Tofeu^^vat Tis eXeyero, a man was said to have been shot, i. 8. 20. /AEpos Tl Trj% ivTaiias rjv deacracrOai, it was possible to behold an example of their disciphne, i. 5. 8. 40. Relative Pronouns. [HA. 627 ; G. 1019 ; B. 483 ; Gl. 613. a.j A relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case depends on the con- struction of the clause in which it statids. N. The relative follows the person of the antecedent. vaCs . . . ais iiroXiopKei MiXtjTov, ships with which he was besieg- ing Miletus, I. 4. 2. t^^o)!/ oTrXcVas u)v icFTpaTijya, with troops which he commanded, 1. 4. 3. 41. Antecedent Omitted. [HA. 996; G. 1026; B. 486; Gl. 614.J The antecedent of a relative may be omitted when it is implied in the context, especially if it is indefinite or general. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 19 KSpos 8c t)(U)v ovs eiprjKo, Cyrus with (those) whom I have men- tioned, I. 2. 5. 42. Assimilation and Attraction. [HA. 994; G. 1031, 1032; B. 484; Gl. 613. b.] A relative is often attracted from the accusative to the case of its antecedent if this is a genitive or a dative. EK TU)v TToXewv wv irvyxavev exo)v, from the cities which he happened to hold, I. I. 8. N. This assimilation takes place even when the antecedent is omitted, as d.v6' wv cv eiraOav iir eKctvou, in return for (the favors) which I received at his hands, i. 3. 4. 43. Incorporation. [HA. 995; G. 1037; B. 485; Gl. 613. d.] The antecedent is often attracted into the relative clause, and agrees with the relative in case. atroTrefiApai o uxc (TTpdrevim, to send back the army which he had, I. 2. I. 44. Nominative Case. [HA. 706 ; G. 1043 ; B. 325, 326 ; Gl. 503.] The nominative is used chiefly as the subject of a finite verb (i), or in the predicate after verbs signi- fying io be, etc. ava^aiva ovv 6 KSpos, so Cyrus went up, I. I. 2. KXeapxoi AaKiSai/wvios vya.s ^v, Clearchus was a Lacedaemonian exile, I. 1 . 9. 45. Vocative Case. [HA. 709; G. 1044; B. 327; cp. Gl. 59-J The vocative, with or without &, is used in addressing a person or thing. KOI [I'^v, 0) Kvpe, Xeyowri Ttvts, and yet, Cyrus, some say, I. 7. 5. N. The nominative is sometimes used instead of the vocative (HA. 707 ; G. I04S ; B. 326. n. ; Gl. 503). Digitized by Microsoft® 20 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION 46. Accusative Case. [HA. 711; G. 1047; B. 329; Gl. 530.J The direct object of a transitive verb is put in the accusative. Kvpov Se ixeraTrefLTreraJi, he summoned Cyrus, I. 1.2. 47. Accusative. [HA. 712; G. 1048, 1049; B. 329. 1,2; Gl. 530. j Many Greek verbs are transitive whose English equivalents are intransitive and require a preposition. On the other hand, many verbs transitive in English take either a genitive or a dative in Greek. (US jUT/KeVt Scij TovTov ^XaTTetrOai, that we may no longer have to guard against him, i. 6. 9. riv, a river, Cydnus by name, two plethra in width, i. 2. 23. 50. Adverbial Accusative. [HA. 719; G. 1060; B. 336; Gl. 540.] The accusative sometimes has the force of an adverb. TovSe rbv rporov, in the following manner, i. 1.9. Trjv Ta.\i(TTr)v oSov, by the shortest road, i. 2. 20. TrputTov, first, i. 2. 16. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 21 51. Accusative of Extent. [HA. 720; G. 1062 ; B. 338 ; Gl. 5 38. ] The accusative may denote extent of time or space. ivravda li^avev rjiiipwi kwrd, there he remained seven days, i. 2. 6. it^^vvu araOfUKii rptts, Trapao-oyyas aKoaa/, he inarched a three days' journey, twenty parasangs, i. 2. 19. 52. Accusative in Oaths. [HA. 723; G. 1066, 1067; B. 344; Gl. 532.] The accusative follows the adverbs of swearing, vrj and fid, by. N. N^ or vai \ua. is afBrmative, /ta alone is negative. N^ At", eiTrep ye . . . e/ios 8e a^ek^oi, yes indeed, if he's a brother of mine, i. 7. 9. dXAa juA Tovs ^£0115 miK lyoiyc auroiis 8«of«i>, but by the gods I shall not pursue them, i. 4. 8. 53. Two Accusatives. [HA. 724; G. 1069; B. 340; Gl. 53S-J Verbs signifying ask, demand, teach, remind, deprive, and a few others, may take two accusatives (one of the person and one of the thing). KCpov axTv,v irXota, to ask boats of Cyrus (cp. genitive of separation, 68), I. 3. 14. afjiaipeiadai tous tvoiKoSvTas EWijvas r^v y^v, to deprive the Greek inhabitants of their land, i. 3. 4. N. When these verbs are used in the passive the accusative of the thing is retained, as a^aipaa-doA. rqv yrjv, to be robbed of one's land. 54. Two Accusatives. [HA. 725. a; G. 1073; B. 340; cp. Gl. 536. c.J Verbs meaning to do anything to or say anything of a person take two accusatives. N. These verbs may take ev or koXus, well, or icaKoJs, ill, instead of the accusative of the thing. £1 Tts Ti ayaOov t] KaKov TTOtijo'etei' airov, if anybody (ever) did him good or ill, I. 9. II. KUKios eirotas Trjv i/ju/jv xiopav, you did my country harm, i. 6. 7. Digitized by Microsoft® 22 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION 55. Two Accusatives. [HA. 726 ; G. 1077 ; B. 341 ; Gl. 5 34. J Verbs meaning to name, appoint, make, regard, and the like, may have a predicate accusative, besides the object. (XTfMTTjyov Se avTov aTreSet^e, he appointed him general, 1.1.2. txBvutv . ■ ■ 01J5 01 Svpot ^£ovs evd/xt^oi/, fish which the Syrians re- garded as gods, I. 4. 9. N. In the passive construction the object accusative becomes the subject nominative, and the predicate accusative becomes a predicate nominative. Cp. 53. 6 Tora/tos KaXihoL Mapa-vai, the river is called Marsyas, I. 2. 8. Accusative Absolute. See i6i. THE OF GENITIVE 56. Attributive Genitive. [HA. 728, 729; G. 1084, 1085 ; Gl. 506.] One noun may have another depending on it in the genitive. This is the attributive genitive. N. This may be a possessive, subjective, or objective genitive, geni- tive of measure, material, cause, or partitive genitive. Twr 'EXAi;vo)v c^tov OTrXtVas, with hoplites of the Greeks, i. i. 2. T^s $puytas Tzokw, a city of Phrygia, 1.2. 19. 57. Predicate Genitive. [HA. 732 ; G. 1093, 1094 ; cp. B. 348. I ; Gl. 508. J The genitive may stand in the relation of a predicate adjective, after verbs meaning be, become, etc. N. The predicate genitive may express any of the relations of the attributive genitive, as possession, material, etc. r^dav at 'ImviKat TrdXcts Ttcrcra^epi/ous, the Ionian cities were Tissa- phernes', i. 1.6. 58. Possessive Genitive. [HA. 729. a, 732. a ; G. 1085. i, 1094. I ; B. 348 ; Gl. 506. a.] The attributive or predicate genitive may denote possession or ownership. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 23 Attrib. : toorc IXeiv to kKcivutv irXdvov, so as to take their boat, i. 4. 8. Pred. : at Se Kw/tat IlapucraTtSos ^crav, the villages were Parysatis', I. 4. 9. 59. Subjective and Objective Genitive. [HA. 728. b, c, 732. a; G. 1085. 2, 3, 1094. 2, 3; B. 349, 350; Gl. 506. a.] The genitive may express the subject or object of an action or feeling. Subf. : tS>v Se ^ap^dpmv (jidjitK iroXiJs, the fear of the barbarians was great {t.e. the barbarians feared greatly), i. 2. 18. Oij. : arpaTijyov Se awov direSei^e iravTiav, he appointed him general over all, i. i. 2. 60. Genitive with Adjectives. [HA. 753 ; G. 1 139, 1 140; B. 351 ; Gl. 516.] The objective genitive follows many adjectives, especially those of kindred meaning with verbs which take an object or an objective genitive. Set Tous ^/xerepous iXovi totjtojv iyKpaTdi Trot^crai, we must make our friends masters over these, i- 7- 7- 61. Genitive of Material. [HA. 729. f; G. 1085. 4; B. 352. n. ; Gl. 506.] The genitive may denote the material of which anything consists. irei/T£ apyvptov /avos, five minas of silver, 1.4. 13. 62. Genitive of Measure. [HA. 729. d; G. 1085. S; B. 352. n. ; Gl. 506.] The genitive may express measure of space, time, or value (cp. 66). wora/ios eSpog TrXeOpov, a river the width of a plethrum, I, 4. 4. rpiZv firjvZv fuaOov, three months' pay, I. I. 10. 63. Partitive Genitive. [HA. 729. e; G. 1088; B. 354, 355 ;" Gl- 506.] The genitive may denote the whole of which a part is taken. Digitized by Microsoft® 24 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Tovi apts /A^ aTTTetrBm. T^s Ko-p^iYi to vStap, that the water might not reach the hay, I. 5. 10. ovTos p-iv avTOv TJpaprev^ this one missed him, i. 5. 12. (c) Verbs of the senses, as taste, smell, hear, remember, desire, care for. Tuiv 8e jSapPdpoiv iirip^ekeiTO, he cared for the barbarians, I. I. 5. TavTo. Si Xiyw Oopv/Sov iJKovcre, as he said this he heard a noise, I. 8. 16. (^d) Verbs of leading and ruling. 6ir\iTas w icTTpaT-i^ya, hoplites which he commanded, i. 4. 3. 65. Words of Fullness. [HA. 743 ; G. 1 112 ; cp. B. 356, 357; Gl. 5 12. J Verbs and adjectives of fullness and want take a genitive (of material). kZ/juu iroXAai jtiecrral triTov, many villages fUU of food, I. 4. 19. aAAov ouTtvos av Seijtr^e, whatever else you want, 1.4. 15. 66. Price or Value. [HA. 746; G. 1133; B. 353; Gl. 5 1 3. J The genitive may denote price or value. Cp. 62. T^v KamOrjv aXe.vpo)v Terrdpiov (TiyXunr, a measure of flour for four sigh, I. 5. 6. TToXKov /A€v aftos <^tXos, a valuable friend (a friend of great value), 1.3. 12. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 35 67. Genitive of Time. [HA. 759; G. 1136; B. 359; Gl. SiS-j The genitive may denote the time within which anything occurs. jSao-tXeiis ov fuixuraL Se'ica 17/iepuv, the king will not fight within ten days, I. 7. 18. THE FROM (OR ABLATIVE) GENITIVE 68. Genitive of Separation. [HA. 748; G. 1117; B. 362 ; Gl. 509. a.J The genitive is used with words denot- ing or implying separation. Such are verbs meaning remove, release, restrain, deprive. oiSe TovTwv tTTeprja-ovTai, not even of these shall they be deprived, I. 4. 8. IvTavda StOTxov dAAijAttfi', there they were distant from each other, I. 10. 4. 69. Genitive of Source. [HA. 750; G. 1130; B. 365; Gl. 509. a.J The genitive may be used to denote source. Aapeiov Kol TlapvadriSos ytyvovTM TraiSes 81JO, of Darius and Parysatis were born two sons, i . i . i . TfKauue. 1!uT(Ta€pvov's rbv Kvpov a'ToXov, he heard from Tissaphemes of the expedition of Cyrus, i. 2. 5. 70. Genitive of Comparison. [HA. 755; G. 1153; B. 363; Gl. 5 1 7. J The genitive is used after a comparative when 7), than, is omitted. KpeiTTovi TToWSiv PapPapimv, better than many barbarians, i. 7. 3. Tuiv hriTiav fTpe)(ov Oottov, they ran faster than the horses, 1.5.2. 71. Genitive of Comparison with Verbs. [HA. 749; G. II 20; B. 364; Gl. 509. b.] The genitive is used after verbs implying comparison, as surpass, be inferior, etc. ■n-eputvai T&v l.Xii>v, to surpass one's friends, i. 9. 24. TovTov . . . ovx ■^TTrja-ofjLeOa, we shall not be inferior to him, 2. 3. 23. Digitized by Microsoft® 26 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION ' 72. Genitive of Cause. [HA. 744; G. 11 26; B. 366; Gl. 509. c.j The genitive is used with some verbs of the emotions (as admiration, wonder, anger, etc.) to express cause. aftoi T^s Ikf-vBe-plaa ^s u/*as £yo) evSai/tovt^o), worthy of the freedom on which I congratulate you, i. 7. 3. 73. The genitive of cause sometimes is used in exclama- tions. [HA. 761; G. 1 129; B. 366. n. ; Gl. 509. c] T^s Tvyifi, what luck ! 74. Genitive of Penalty. [HA. 745; G. 1121; B. 367; Gl. 514.] Some verbs meaning to accuse, convict, etc., take a genitive of the charge. Si.a>K£L fic Swpojv, he prosecutes me for bribery. 75. Genitive with Compound Verbs. [HA. 751 ; G. 11 23, 1 1 32; B. 370; cp. Gl. 509. a, 514. a.] The genitive often depends on a preposition included in a compound verb. N. The most common are compounds of dird, ef, and irpo, and Kard in the sense of against. irpoudTriKU Toiu iv rats TroXecri ^tviKov, he was at the head of the mercenary corps in the cities, i. 2. i. 76. Genitive of Agent. [HA. 818. a; G. 1234; B. 372.] The personal agent of a passive verb is regularly ex- pressed by the genitive with inrd. See also 84. irepiepptiTO 8' auTij VTrb tov Mao-Ka, this was encircled by the Mascas, 1.5.4. 77. Genitive with Adverbs. [HA. 756, 757; G. 1147, 1 148 ; B. 360, 362. 3 ; Gl. 518. a, b.J The genitive follows many adverbs, especially adverbs of place. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 27 eifffo) Koi iim rw ttvXuiv, within and without the gates, I. 4. 5. N. Here belong the so-called improper prepositions, avev, without, irXijv, except, axpt and /ue'xpt, up to, until, Iveko, on account of. [HA. 758; G. 1151; B. 362. 3; Gl. 518. c] ravTrji evcKa -nji irapoSov, on account of this pass, 1.4. 5. 78. Genitive Absolute. [HA. 970; G. 1152; B. 369; Gl. 589.] A noun and a participle not grammatically con- nected with the rest of the sentence may stand in the geni- tive absolute. KoXovvTOi Tov Trarpos Kiipov, when his father called Cyrus, i. 4. 12. THE TO OR FOR DATIVE 79. Indirect Object. [HA. 763, 764. i; G. 1158; B. 375 ; Gl. 570. J The indirect object of a verb is in the dative (the to dative). SiSoMTiv o.vTfi£v Trpbi Tavra ; what shall we say to this ? 105. Ov |iTJ and the Future Indicative. [HA. 1032 ; G. 1360; B. 569. 2; Gl. 489.J The subjunctive or future indicative is used with ov firi in a strong denial referring to the future. ovKcri fji/i) Swijrat ^ocriXevs, the king will no longer be able, 2. 3. 12. 106. Potential or Hypothetical Optative. [HA. 872 ; G. 1327; B. 563; Gl. 479.] The optative with dv expresses what would be true under any supposed circumstances or conditions. en ovv av yh/ovo ■muTOi ; would you again become faithful? I. 6. 8. attrjrep av Spd/xoi Tii;, just as one would run, I. 5. 8. 107. Potential or Hypothetical Indicative. [HA. 858; G. 133s ; B. 565 ; Gl. 461. c, 467. c.J The past tenses of the indicative with dv show what would be or would have GL. GK. PR. COMP. — 3 Digitized by Microsoft® 34 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION been true in an imaginary case known to be unreal. The imperfect here expresses present time, the aorist indicative past time. (ei /xij vfj-tK ^X6€Tc), eTTopevofieOa av im PatriXea, (if you had not come), we should be on our way against the king, 2. 1.4. 108. Wishes Hopeful. [HA. 870; G. 1507; B. 587; Gl. 476.] The optative, with or without eWe or el yap, is used to express a future wish. The negative is f^nj. /u,^ yevoLTo, God forbid (may it not happen) ! tWi yevoiTo, may it come to pass ! 109. Wishes Unattainable. [HA. 871 ; G. 1511 ; B. 588; Gl. 470.] The past tenses of the indicative with eWe or ei yap express an unattainable wish. The imperfect gener- ally refers to present time, the aorist to past time. £1 yap TocravTrjV Svvafiiv cixov, O that I had so much power! N. u^eA.oi', ought, with the infinitive may have the same force. dAA.' to)^eA.e /aci/ Kvpos t^v, O that Cyrus were alive! 2. i. 4. 110. Final Clauses. [HA. 881; G. 1362, 1635; B. 590; Gl. 642, 636, 638. C.J Pure Final Clauses, or clauses of purpose, with "va, oirax;, and &)?, take the subjunctive after primary tenses, and the optative after secondary tenses. The negative is fiij, which may be used alone, meaning iAat not, lest. T<3 dvSpi Treia-o/juu, tva il^re, I will obey the man, that you may know, 1.3.15. eiropeuoixtjv Iva uiff>c\oCTp/, I went to help him, i. 3. 4. 111. Relative Clauses of Purpose. [HA. 911; G. 1442; B. 591 ; Gl. 619.J A relative clause (negative amj) with the future indicative may express purpose. ' Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 35 ^ye/tova aiTeiv KCpoj/ oo-tk . . . airdi^h to ask a guide of Cyrus, who shall lead us back, 1.3. 14. 112. Object Clauses. [HA. 885; G. 1372; B. 593; Gl. 638.] Object clauses after verbs meaning strive for, care for, effect, regularly take the future indicative after oVa)? and OTTO)? /iij. ^ovXiverai ottojs fiyjiroTe -tTi ecrrat im ™ dSeX^^, he plans that he shall never again be in the power of his brother, 1.1.4. N. Xenophon allows here the construction of final clauses. a/ireKpLvaro on avTw ju.eA.oi ottcos koXS)^ ^X°h ^^ replied that he was looking out that all should be well, i . 8. 13. 113. Object Clauses after Verbs of Fearing. [HA. 887; G. 1378 ; B. 594; Gl. 610.J Verbs of fear, caution, or dan- ger, after fi'^, lest (negative fir) oi), take the subjunctive after primary tenses, and the optative or subjunctive after secondary tenses. SeSoiKa fn-rj ovk lxOL\ayyL KaKov t(TTai, if this happens in any way, it will be bad for the whole line, 4. 8. 11. 122. Summary of Conditions. Time FOKM Protasis Apodosis Present Particular Pres. Indie, with ti Any form of verb General Subj. with eav Pres, Indie, or equiv. Unreal Imperf. with et Imperf. with av Past Particular Past Indie, with a' Past Indie. General Opt. with £1 Impf. or equiv. Unreal Aor. Indie, with ei Aor. Indie, with av Future Less Vivid Opt. with ei Opt. with av More Vivid Subj. with iav Fut. Indie, or equiv. Warning Fut. Indie, with et Fut. Indie. 123. Condition Unexpressed. [HA. 902; G. 1413; B. 614; Gl. 481. J A conditioa may be implied in a parti- ciple, adverb, or some other part of the sentence. tevTo (oo-irep av Spd/jLOi Tts Trepl vtKrjs, they raced as one would run (if he should run) to win a victory, i. 5. 8. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 39 ^ovXoi'/ijjv 8' &,v a.KOVTO's a.Triu)v Kvpov \a6etv avrbv a-mXBiLv, I should prefer, if I went away without Cyrus's permission, to go away with- out his knowledge, i. 3. 17. 124. Mixed Conditions. [HA. 901 ; G. 142 1 ; B. 612.J The protasis and apodosis sometimes belong to different forms. oio€ yap av iroWai yevpaL S(Tiv Ip^ot/u.ev av ottol (^uyovTes ij/heTs a-uyOdixev, for not even if there (shall) be many bridges (vivid future), could we find a place to flee to and be safe (vague future), 2. 4. 19. 125. El with Verbs of Wondering. [HA. 926; G. 1423; B. S98. I ; Gl. 654. J Some words meaningVi? wonder, be delighted, be indignant, etc., are followed by a protasis with el, instead of a causal clause with on. dav/id^o) Se rovro ei tk juaXXov (jto^epov vo/Jil^a rS>v aWcov, I am sur- prised if (t.e. that) this is thought to be more dangerous than the other places, 6. 5. 19. 126. Definite Relative Clauses. [HA. 909; G. 1427; B. 619 ; Gl. 61 5. J A definite relative clause may take any form that is used in simple sentences. The relative refers to a definite person or thing, time, or place. The negative is ov. aweirefiApcv avrrj Tovq crrpaTKUTas ous Mei/o)!/ eij^e, he sent with her the soldiers which Menon had, i . 2. 20. 127. Indefinite Relative Clauses. [HA. 912; G. 1428; B. 620 ; Gl. 616.] When the antecedent of a relative pro- noun is indefinite {i.e. refers to an indefinite person or thing, time, or place), the relative clause has a conditional force, and may take the form of any of the conditions. The negative is /*»;. Digitized by Microsoft® 40 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION N. If the form of the condition requires the subjunctive, the av of lav ( = et av) must be used, as eiraSav [for CTretS^ av] oTrtcvat ^ouXij- TM, whenever he wishes to go away, I. 4. 8. 128. Classification of Clauses. The most common forms of relative (or temporal) clauses are : — I. Pres. Partic. : tl ftovXcrai SiLaia (= ei Tt ySouAcTat), whatever he wishes (now), I will give. Past Partic. . oo-ris 8 acjiiKvciTO irpos avrov, iravTas aireire/ji/ireTO, whoever came to him, he sent away all, i. I. 5. Such clauses are more commonly general. II. Pres. Gen. : l(os ju,£v av jrapg xpZfuu, as long as he is present I use him, I. 4. 8. Past Gen. : •((rraOfiovs') [MKpov; ■^Xauvev, oitote irpos vStop /SovXoito SiareXe'crat ( = d ttotc PovXolto) , he made long marches, when- ever he wished to get to water, i. 5. 7. III. Put. Viv. : o TL av Siy ttclo-o/jm, (= eav rt Beg), I will suffer what- ever shall be necessary, i. 3. 6. Put. Vag. : oKvoirjV fiiv av cts to. irXota i/i^aivtiv a yjfuv Boirj (= £* Ttva Sot?;), I should hesitate to embark on the boats which he should give us, i. 3. 17. IV. Unreal: a. yu,^ i/3ovX.eTo Sovvai, ovk av tSwKcv, whatever he did not wish to give, he would not have given. Relative Clauses in the form of unreal conditions are rare. 129. Until Clauses. [HA. 921, 922; G. 1464, 1465; B. 626; Gl. 63 I.J When lo)?, eWe, axpt, fJ'exPh and (after a negative) irptv refer to a definite past action, they take the indicative, usually aorist. Otherwise they take the construction of conditional relatives. 130. Clauses withirpiv. [HA. 924; G. 1470; B. 627; Gl. 644, 568.] After an affirmative verb irpiv usually means before and is followed by the infinitive. After a negative verb, irpiv more commonly means until, and fol- lows the construction of ews clauses. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 41 SicjSijo'av irpXv tovs aXXovs aTcoKpCvaxrOaj,, they crossed before th? others answered, i. 4. 16. ovre Tore . . . riOeXi, irpiv ^ yvvq avrbv eireio-e, nor then was he will- ing, until his wife persuaded him, i. 2. 26. ScTrai airoS /i^ irpoaOtv Karakvcrat. . . . irplv av avriS trvp-ISovXtvcTri- rcu, he begged him not to make terms until he should advise with him, I. I. 10. (vTria^eTo) airois lirj irpocrOfv ■irava'auOa.L irpXv avTovipo), be not surprise^ that I am grieved, I-3-3- ai(T-)(yv6fx.e.vo<: otl crvvoiSa ifiavTiS hptv(TiJi,iv(K avrov, ashamed because I am conscious of having deceived him, 1.3. 10. N. (a) The optative may be used after a secondary tense on the principle of indirect discourse (140). 6 8' ixaXeTraLvcv ort Trpaws XiyoL to avTov TrdOo'S, he was angry because he (Proxenus) made light of his mishap, i. 5. 14. (6) For causal clauses with el after 6avfidir]fji,i is followed by the infinitive ; elwov is followed by on or m with a finite verb ; Xejco in the active usually takes on or m?, but in the passive usually takes the infinitive. N. cTvov meaning command takes the infinitive. Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 43 138. Words of Implied Saying. [HA. 946. b, 982; G, 1523; B. 669. 2; Gl. 658, 660.] 1. Words meaning think or believe (vofii^o), oiofiai, So«w, •^yov/jiai) take the infinitive. 2. Words meaning know, perceive, see, hear, with a,'^- 7eX\(», announce, and fi'^Xd? (or ^avepo^^ elfu are more fre- quently followed by the participle. N. These verbs may, however, take on or 7jfJ.i TavTa /jxv (f>X.vapia^ elvai, but I say that this is folly (he said TaBra /xev tos, with you I think that I should be honored (direct form, av dijv TLfuos), i. 3. 6. 142. Complex Sentences in Indirect Discourse. [HA. 931; G. 1497; cp. B. 672, 673; Gl. 662.] When a com- plex sentence is indirectly quoted, the leading verb follows the rule for simple sentences (139-141). Dependent verbs retain the mood and tense after a primary tense ; after a secondary tense they may change to the optative in the same tense. But to avoid confusion a past indicative is retained unchanged. ovK iaOT€pa> Trapitvai, he wished both sons to be present, i. i. i. OVK iOiKm iXddv, I do not wish to go, I. 3. 10. TO Sk irf.i6oiJ.ivav^ tous o-rpaTicoTas Trapi\i(T6ai i/Mj^avaTO, he con- trived to render his men obedient, 2. 6. 27. N. The infinitive of indirect discourse (141) is really the object of a verb of saying, thinking, etc. 148. Complementary Infinitive. [HA. cp. 948; G. 15 18; B. 638 ; cp. Gl. 570. j The object infinitive often has the Digitized by Microsoft® 46 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION force of a cognate accusative (48). This is the so-called complementary infinitive. ov SvvqcreTaL Piacraa-Oai, he will be unable to force them, I. 3. 2. 149. The Limiting Infinitive. [HA. 952 ; G. 1526, 1528 ; B. 641 ; Gl. 565. J The infinitive may be used to limit the meaning of adjectives, adverbs, and even nouns, especially those of ability, fitness, and the like. TToK^fidv T€ iKovoi, and able to fight, i. i. 5. ov)(^ S>pa rffuv KaOevSeiv, 'tis not a time for us to sleep, I. 3. II. 150. Infinitive of Purpose. [HA. 951; G. 1532; B. 592 (640); Gl. 565.] The infinitive may express purpose. TrjV x^pav iirerpeipe hiapiraacLi rots "EAA-ijcri, he gave over the land to the Greeks to plunder, i. 2. ig. 151. Infinitive in the Genitive and Dative. [HA. 959; G. 1546, 1547; B. 639, 640; Gl. 575.] The genitive or dative of the infinitive with the article may follow a prepo- sition, or stand in most of the noun constructions belonging to those cases. Trpocfiaa-K Tov adpoi^CLV a-Tparevfrn, a pretext for raising an army, 1.1.7. Mei/wv ^yaAAeTo tXi;£( fjLi lEvat (cp. Ti KO)\v€i Kol TO. OLKpa ijiuv KfXeviiv KSpov irpoKa- TaXa/3etv, what hinders us from bidding Cyrus seize the height in advance for us? i. 3. 16). Ka>Xi;£( /x£ TOV levai (cp. Kiokvaeitv av ToS KaiEiv, he would hinder from burning, i. 6. 2). KioXva /xe fiii leVot (cp. /xiKpbv i^evye /xy) KaTaTriTp(i>0rjv(u, he nar- rowly escaped being stoned to death, i. 3. 2). KOiXvti /le TOV ixrj Uvai. KiiiXva /te TO /A^ Ievoi. (Negative) ov KCdXvCl /XE IJ,Tj OVK (EVat. ov KtaXva /*£ TO fxij ovk livai. 154. Infinitive with wo-Te and irpiv. The infinitive is used with ware of intended result (132) and with irpiv, before (130). 155. Participles. [HA. 938; G. 1557; B. 648, 649; Gl. 580.] Participles are verb adjectives. Like other adjec- tives they agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. The uses of the participle may be classed under three general heads, attributive (156-157), circumstantial (158-162), and supplementary (163-166). 156. Attributive Participle. [HA. 965; G. 1559; 6.650; Gl. 582.] The participle, with or without the article, may modify a noun like an attributive adjective. Digitized by Microsoft® 48 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Aava, iroXtv o'lKovfjievriv, Dana, an inhabited city, I. 2. 20. aTreTrefjore Toiis yiyvofievovg Sacr/xous, he Sent in the taxes which accrued, i. i. 8. 157. Substantive Participle. [HA. 966; G. 1560; B. 650. I ; Gl. 582. a.J The noun with an attributive partici- ple may be omitted, the participle itself taking the place of a noun. In both the attributive and substantive use the participle may often be rendered by Ae or ikose who and a finite verb. 01 evotKowTCs, the inhabitants, I. 2. 24. 01 wapa T^v QoKsi.Tro.v oiKovvreHi those who dwell along the sea, I. 2. 24. 158. Circumstantial Participle. [HA. 968; G. 1563; B. 652 ; Gl. 583. J The participle may define the circum- stances of an action. It is best rendered in English by a clause or phrase expressing time, means, cause, manner, etc. (US dir^X^c Kivhvvdxja%, when he went away after incurring danger, I. I. 4. 159. Circumstantial Participle. [HA. 969; G. 1563; B. 653; Gl. 583. J The circumstantial participle may ex- press the following relations : — 1. Time: tovtov Sm.fia,'; i^eXavva, after crossing this he marched on, I. 2. 6. 2. Cause: rj^iov dSeXc^os u>v avTov 8o6^vaj. ol raiJTas Tas TroXets, he demanded, since he was his brother, that these cities be given to him, I. I. 8. 3. Means : avTayopd^ovre^ (titov e^' apfunTOi, he reviewed the Greeks, riding along in a chariot, I. 2. 16. N. Ix""' (^^pw> ayui', Aa/Suii', xpwfjicvoi) may often be rendered with. KCpos 8e €)((iiv ovi dprjKa, Cyrus with those I have mentioned, 1.2. 5. Hevias p-iv Si] tov's Ik tSiv ttoXewv Xa^iov Traptyivero, Xenias came with the men from the cities, I. 2. 3. 160. Genitive Absolute. [HA. 970; G. 1568; B. 657; Gl. 589.J The circumstantial participle may stand in the genitive with a word not grammatically connected with the rest of the sentence. N. The genitive absolute expresses most of the relations of the sim- ple circumstantial participle. Cause : ovSlv ^xOero avrav ToXc/towTcov, he was not angry that they were fighting, I. i. 8. Concession : koI p.tra'jrep.Trop.lvov avrov ovk IdiXw iXOclv, and though he keeps sending for me I will not go, i. 3. 10. Attendant Circumstances : ivrevOev vpoXovTOiv (sc. airliiv) iaCvero iXi/jj hnroiv, as they were going on from there, tracks of horses appeared, i. 6. i. 161. Accusative Absolute. [HA. 973; G. 1569; B. 658; Gl. 591. J Instead of the genitive absolute the accusative is used when the participle is impersonal. I^dv 8e pq.6vp.av /SovXcToi -Koveiv, though it is possible to live a life of ease, he prefers to toil, 2. 6. 6. 162. Adjuncts of the Participle. [HA. 977-979 ; G. 1573-1575 ; B. 656; Gl. S93.J Certain particles show more clearly the relation of the circumstantial participle to the rest of the sentence. GL. GK. FK. COMP. — 4 Digitized by Microsoft® 50 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION are, inasmuch as, shows the participle to be causal. TO. VTro^vyui, are 8ia cttcv^s Trji oSoB irope.v6fx.tva., inasmuch as the road through which the paclc-animals were going was narrow, 4. 2. 13. KaC-jrep shows that the participle is concessive. Kaiirep etSores oTt Iwl Odvarov ayoiro, although they knew that he was being led to death, i. 6. 10. o)? with a participle of cause or purpose shows that the statement of the participle is the thought of some person mentioned in the context and not necessarily that of the speaker or writer. cruAAa/x/8av£t VLvpov pav iTreTpaj/e SiapTrdcrai tois "EAATjcrtv 0)5 woKifiuxv oivcrav, he gave over the land to the Greeks to plunder on the ground that it was hostile, i. 2. 19. 163. Supplementary Participle. [HA. 980; G. 1578; B. 659; Gl. 584.] A predicate participle may be used to complete the idea expressed by the verb, by showing to what the action relates. It may belong either to the sub- ject or to the predicate and agrees in case, as -jravofieBa Xe'yovTe'i, we stop speaking, or iravofiev ae Xeryovra, we stop you speaking. 16^. The supplementary participle is used with verbs meaning begin, continue, cease, be weary, be pleased, or dis- pleased, and the like. [HA. 981 ; B. 660; G. 1580; Gl. 585.] o Sc cXmSas Xiymv St^yc, he continually expressed hope, I. 2. II. 165. The supplementary participle with \avQdvm, escape the notice of, rvyx^-vco, happen, and (ftddvco, anticipate, con- tains the main idea. It is often translated by a verb, while the verb is rendered by an adverb. [HA. 984; G. 1586; B. 660; Gl. 585. a. J Digitized by Microsoft® SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR 51 o ft£v ovv npecr^vTepoi wapiov irvyxave, now the elder chanced to be present, i. i. 2. Tpepoi rjv opvKTrj /Sa^eia, there was a deep artificial (digged) ditch, I. 7. 14. 171. Negatives. [HA. 1018-1025; G. 1607-1613; B. 431 ; cp. Gl. 486.] Of the two negative adverbs, ov is used with the indicative and optative in all independent sentences except wishes, in causal sentences, and in indirect discourse with on and ws. /i?7 is used with the subjunctive and imperative in all constructions; in all final and object clauses (except after fi'q, lest, which takes ov). It is used in all conditional clauses, and in relative and temporal clauses implying a condition, and in wishes. /*?? is used with the infinitive, except in indirect discourse, and with the conditional participle. 172. Double Negatives. [HA. 1030-103 1 ; G. 1618, 1619; B. 433 ; GI. 487.J When a negative is followed by a simple negative in the same clause, each retains its force. If they belong to the same word or expression, they make an affirmative. But when a negative is followed by one or more compound negatives, the negation is strengthened. et /i^ Ilpd^ci/oi' oux vTreSi^avTo, if they had not refused to receive (not not received) Proxenus. ouSeis ovk liracrxe ri, (there viras) no one (who) was not affected, i.e. every one was affected. ovb aAAos Se t&v EAAi^veov tTraOcv ovSeli ov8ev, nor did any other of the Greeks suffer anything at all, i. 8. 20. See also 105 and 153. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION Exercise I. [Anab. i. i. i, 2.] For Oral Translation. — i. Darius^ had^ two sons. 2. Cyrus and Artaxerxes are^ sons^ of Darius.* 3. Arta- xerxes^ is the older^ of the (two) boys.® 4. The younger^ is Cyrus. 5. Darius the king^ falls-ill. 6. He wishes his^ sons to-be-with-him. 7. Accordingly he summons both^ boys. 8. The elder ^ brother is already at hand. 9. But Cyrus^ was-off in his^ province. 10. For Cyrus was satrap of a province.^" 11. He was general also of many soldiers.^** 12. So he came-up from his^ province. 13. Cyrus took-with-him Xenias with^^ many hoplites. 14. This^^ Xenias was commander^ of three hundred Greeks.^" Exercise II. [Anab. i. i. 3, 4.] For Oral Translation. — i. Darius ^^ had made Cyrus ^* a satrap.i* 2. Now Artaxerxes comes ^^ to the throne. ^13. Metaphrase : To fUv is used with a word i" 59. Darius were two sons. or phrase to imply a con- ^ Use ^xw in the 83. trast with 1 a similar word proper case, 159. "S- or phrase which follows. 1220. '7. «63. 18 13. *S6. '8. "55- 5 Notice in the text 814. 1* In this tense the the use of M^. ' and hi. 9 22. middle must be used. S3 Digitized by Microsoft® 54 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION 3. For Darius had died. 4. Tissaphernes is-plotting- against Cyrus. ^ 5. He falsely-accuses Cyrus to his brother. 6. So he ^ sent-f or Cyrus ^ at once. 7. For he wished to arrest* him. 8. Artaxerxes arrested his^ brother. 9. But the lad's mother begged him off. 10. She will send him back to his^ province. 11. He does not wish to be in^ Tissaphernes' power.® 12. Will he be king instead of his^ brother ? 13. His*' mother does not favor the king.'' 14. But she loves the younger brother. 15. Cyrus loves Parysatis, his mother.^ 16. For, you know,^ she always favored him.'^ Exercise III. [Anab. i. i. 5, 6.] For Oral Translation. — i. Cyrus arrived 1* at" his prov- ince. 2. Alp2 tjie barbarians were friendly to him.^^ 3. He sends them back to the Great King.^* 4. For he wished them to be friendly ^^ to his brother. ^^ 5. A Greek force is collected by Cyrus.^® 6. He is able to make a levy in his province. 7. For he had garrisons in many cities. 8. The commanders of those ^^ garrisons ^^ were Peloponnesians. 9. They were also well-disposed^^ to Cyrus.i^ 10. So he sent-f or them from their cities. 11. The king once gave Tissaphernes^ the Ionian cities.. 194. 8 8. W76. '■' 27. n. ' You know. H, "20. 3 Not a dative. See post-positive. 1^59. text. 1" Use the aorist. 1^ Use the idiom of *I47- " efs. the text. Remember ^14. 1226. that exw with an ad- ^ In the power of, one 1893. verb may often be word. "15. rendered be. '80." 16 What case ? ="79. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 55 .12. But now they are going-over 1 to Cyrus. 13. The several 2 cities were well-disposed to Cyrus. 14. But not all were able to fight. Exercise IV. [Anab. i. i. 7.] For Oral Translation. — i. The men ^ in Miletus are plot- ting the same thing. 2. They were planning to revolt from the king.* 3. Some ^ flee, others ° plot against the cities. 4. He puts some to death, others he banishes. 5. For they are trying to besiege Miletus. 6. Cyrus besieges the city by sea. 7. He has^ this'' pretext. 8. All ® the Ionian cities were friendly to Tissaphernes.^ 9. This ^ Tissaphernes wishes to kill Cyrus. 10. For for- rrierly his ^^ province was well-disposed to Cyrus.® 1 1 . Cyrus will receive the exiles and raise an army. 12. But he will not take the king unaware. 13. For he has already made a levy. 14. And he will send-for both ^ his ^^ armies. Exercise V. [Ariab. i. i. 1-7.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, l-ll. Written Exercise. — A Greek king^ had two generals, one^ of whom was good, the other ^ bad. Once, when the king was ill, he sent for both ^ generals. So Cyrus, the good (one),^^ came to him at once ; for he was welU disposed to the' king ^* and liked him. But Xenias, the ^ Going-over, present * 27. ^ Use iKeivos. middle of d^-iiTTriiM. " Cp. I. I. ^1 14. 2 22. ' 20. ^ Cp. IV. 7. . 811. 826. 18 Omit. i 68. » Cp. III. 2. " Cp. IV. 10. Digitized by Microsoft® S6 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION other, did not care to be ^ in the king's power.^ Accord- ingly he did not obey, but fled to his province. For the former 3 king had made him satrap,* and had given him^ a large army. Cyrus's force® mustered in^ the plain of Castolus. Now both armies were* devoted to their ^ leaders; but the hoplites of Xenias were not competent to fight. i" So the king summoned the runaway ^^ and arrested him. Xenias wished Cyrus to beg him off, but the king put him to death and banished his men.^ Exercise VI. [Anab. i. i. 8.] For Oral Translation. — i. Tissaphernes ruled-over the Ionian cities.-'^ 2. Cyrus did not wish him ^* to rule-over them. 3. So he kept-sending to the king about it. 4. " I wish to rule those myself, ^^" he said. 5. Will his mother cooperate-with him ^® in this " .■" 6. Tissaphernes perceives the plot against the king. 7. Cyrus was not fighting the men^* in Miletus. 8. He was spending-money on^® armies. 9. But he sends-in the tribute from his province. 10. He plotted-against the cities^® which ^^ Tissaphernes held. II. He will rule the cities which ^^ his brother holds. 1 2. The armies were besieging * the cities by land.^ 1I47. 8 6. 16 32. ■ =Cp. II. II. »i4. " 94. * Use &px that Apollo flayed Marsyas. 10. For he^ contested with him^ once in 8 musical-skill. 11. Apollo hung-up Marsyas' skin in a^" cave. 12. That is why^^ the river was called Marsyas. 13. The river's width is twenty-five feet.^ 14. This river is twenty-five feet ^ in width.^ Exercise XV. [Anab. i. 2. 2-8.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 28-36. Written Exercise. — The Greeks once were-making-an- expedition against Miletus. They summoned ^* many mer- cenaries from the Great King's ^^ cities, for the king himself promised to send ^^ them ^"^ a large army. For he had con- fidence in them^^ because ^^ they drove-out the Pisidians for him.^ 16; 83. IS62. 2 Cp. XIII. 7. 18 49. ^ Cp. XI. I. " Connect this sentence with the * Omit, as in text. preceding by S^, post-positive. ^ Source, use the plural. is 15. ^ It was there that : there, ^ To send, use the future infini- ' Emphatic, oBtos. tive. 8 92 ; 32. 3. 1' 79. ' See the preposition used in text. i^ Cp. XI. 14. 1" 28. M Because, diirt. 11 T^ift is why : on account of this, '^ 82. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 63 Accordingly four armies reported ^ to the king^ at Sardis. Clearchus the exile did not come ; but all the others assem- bled in Sardis.^ The king thereupon sent to Tissaphernes a dispatch : — "I* am your^ king, you* are my ^ general. Send me® then four thousand peltasts. For those' Pisidians have started from their ^ country ; they have crossed the river, and are now in Colossae, a large town. They wish to stay in Lydia. So come to Sardis with ® a force of both hop- lites^" and cavalry." So Tissaphernes obeyed the king^^ and came at once with his men.^ Exercise XVI. [Anab. i. 2. 9, 10.] For Oral Translation. — i. Those-who-flee ^* are called fugitives.!* 2. Who ^^ was beaten in the battle ? 3. Was anyone^® defeated there? 4. Cyrus and his army remained ^^^ in the park. 5. They hunted the beasts of which ^^ thg park was full. 6. Many of the beasts ^^ which ^ they hunted were large. 7. Cyrus,^! who ^^ are present ^'' with ^ troops ? 8. Clearchus is holding a review. 9. An enumeration of the Greeks is made. 10. Xenias wishes to hold 22 (some) ^ sports. II. He will institute games in Peltae. 12. Cyrus will give the men® prizes. 13. Will you witness the con- test, Cyrus? 14. I will,2* and I will give as^s prizes ^^ golden strigils. 15. I will give what ^^ you ask. » Cp. XI. 6. '20. "7. "MS- ■■^82. »33. «38. »2 147. » Cp. V. note 7. « Cp. I. 13. 16 39. 23 Omit. * 29. M61. "5. 2* Sc. witness. ^35. "80. 18 40 J 65- M8. 679. w Cp. XIII. 9. "37. «63. a«4l. Digitized by Microsoft® 64 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise XVII. [Anab. i. 2. 11, 12.J For Oral Translation. — i. After the contest Cyrus and the army marched-on twenty parasangs.^ 2. They arrived at Peltae,^ a fine, large city. 3. Here they stayed three days.^ 4. And many times the troops demanded pay ^ of Cyrus.^ 5. But he had* no money for them. 6. They often went to Cyrus's quarters. 7. He was troubled, for he wished to pay them.^ 8. Then the wife of the Cilician king arrived. 9. She gave Cyrus ^ a large-sum-of-money.^ 10. A Cilician-lady, Epyaxa by name, ^ was-present. 11. The woman was called 'Epyaxa.^ 12. The people called the king ^ of the Cilicians Syennesis.^ 13. Cyrus had guards about him.^" 14. The guards about the woman were Cilicians.^^ Exercise XVIII. [Anab. i. 2. 13, 14.] For Oral Translation. — i. Thymbrium was an inhabited city. 2. There by the roadside was a beautiful fountain. 3. Near ^2 this^^ fountain Midas captured the Satyr. 4. Here once dwelt a Satyr, Midas by name.^ 5. The Greeks called the Satyr Midas.^ 6. He mixed the (water of the)i* spring with wine.^^ 7. For five days ^^ the soldiers kept-coming to the fountain. 8. They often used-to-de- mand ^'^ wine of Cyrus.^* 9. Many months' ^® pay was due them.^" 10. Cyrus was able to pay the men in-the-foUowing- ^51. *A large sum ^"33. ^^ Not dat. 2 Cp. XIII. 9. of money : much ^ 7. " What tense? ^ 53. money. "^ Use iirl. w j^qj gen., 53, * Express in two ' 49. l' 20. w 62. ways. ' Cp. 55. n. " Omit. «> 79. 'No ace. »SS. 16 86. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 65 manner.^ 1 1. The Cilician-queen wished him to show her ^ his troops. 12. So he held a review of the whole^ army. 13. Finally 1 she said, "You* have^ no money. 14. I* , twill give the men their ^ pay." Exercise XIX. [Anab. i. 2. 15, 16.] For Oral Translation. — i. The Greeks are drawn up in the following manner.^ 2. And each leader arranges ^ his own men. 3. Menon^ drew up his men four deep. 4. But Clearchus® ordered his troops to form for ^° battle. 5. Who held the left wing of the Greeks .-' 6. A fugitive, Clear- chus by name,^i held the right wing. 7. Cyrus had ap- pointed him general. ^^ 8. Cyrus reviews his own^^ army first. 9. Then the Greeks marched-past. 10. He held the review in the middle ^* of the plain. 1 1. The queen wished to see the Greek ^^ line. 12. The Cilician-lady demanded a carriage of Cyrus.^^ 13. So Cyrus ^ rode in ^^ his chariot, but Epyaxa^in this carriage. 14. The whole ^ army ad- mired the general's crimson tunic. Exercise XX. [Anab. i. 2. 9-16.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 46-55. Written Exercise. — A king of Phrygia once wished to hold ^ a review. So he sent for all the troops, both Greek 1 50, * Metaphrase : tie ^ 33. " 33 ; what case ? leaders arrange each ^* 25. 8 26. the of himself. ^5 Greek : of the Greeks. 4 29. « Cp. VIII. I. 16 Cp. XVIII. 8. 6 Cp. XVII. 5. 1° e's. " In : on. 6 14. 11 Cp. XVIII. 4. 18 Hoij^ use mid. of iroi/w. ' Cp. XVIII. 10, 12 jj. GL. GK. PR. COMP. — 5 Digitized by Microsoft® 66 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION and barbarian, in his land. He ordered (them)i all to mus- ter in 2 a large park. There accordingly they all assem- bled near a beautiful spring. (It was)^ near this spring (that) ^ Xenias celebrated ^ the Lycaea with sacrifices. First the king reviewed his own troops*; then the troops which the king of Cilicia sent were formed for bat- tle.^ Their ^ leader was a Greek by birth,^ who com- manded ^ the Ionian cities. These troops were drawn up in^ squadrons and platoons. The helmets which ^^ they wore ^^ were bronze and their tunics crimson. At last ^2 after the review the men asked their leader for pay; for there was ^^ much money due them. He talked hopefully ^* to them, but could not pay them. But finally a Cilician-lady, whom ^^ Xenophon calls Epyaxa, gave the man pay for the whole army. Exercise XXI. [Anab. i. 2. 17, 18.] For Oral Translation. — i. The Cilician-queen stops her 1® carriage in-front-of the Greeks. 2. Cyrus also stopped his chariot before the center ^^ of the line. 3. Then^^ he sent his interpreter, Pigres by name.^^ to Clearchus. 4. Him he ordered to draw up his own^" force four deep.^^ 5. Clear- chus commanded the whole^ phalanx to advance. 6. In the 1 Omit. '49. " Use the idiom of 2 Cp.V.notey. 8 Useplupf.ofTrpof. I. 2. II. 3 Celebrated the (TTlJ/il, 64. ^^55- Lycaea, etc. : sac- ^ /card, as In text. 16 14. rificed the Ly- 10 40. "25. caean {sacrifices). 11 Wore : were hav- " Cp. XIX. 9. 48. ing. 19 What case ? 4 II. ^ Cp. XVIII. 13. 2058. 6 Cp. XIX. 4. 12 Recast the sen- 21 Cp. XIX. 3. ^ Use oCtos. tence. 2226. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 67 middle^ of the line were three Arcadian hoplites. 7. When the trumpet blew, two of these^ advanced. 8. But the third ran with a loud shout into a^ tent. 9. But Cyrus's Greeks saw him with laughter. 10. For the tent was the CiHcian queen's.* 11. Cyrus, however, is delighted. 12. For the barbarian's^ fear was great. 13. He had no fear for the barbarians.^ 14. The market-men® fled a two days' ^ march 8 into Phrygia. Exercise XXII. [Anab. i. 2. 19, 20.] For Oral Translation. — i. The Cihcian-queen went home^ in-the-following-way.^" 2. After the review Cyrus and the army marched-on for five days.^ 3. He stayed three days at " Iconium. 4. A messenger from the king of the Cilicians came in the night.^^ 5. He ^^ asked Cyrus 1* to send Epyaxa to him ^^ at once. 6. So Cyrus sent her home by the shortest road.^" 7. With Epyaxa ^^ he sent Menon and two battalions of peltasts.^^ 8. He permitted his men ^® to plunder Iconium. 9. For it was hostile to his ^^ friends. 1^ 10. Then he rode in his chariot ^^ along the road to ^^ Dana. 11. There he arrested ^i a Persian nobleman, Megaphernes by name. 12. For, it is said, he was plot- ting against Cyrus.^® 13. At any rate^ he was not well- disposed to some 1^ of the Greeks.^ 14. A certain other nobleman also was plotting against the Greeks. 125. «Si- "94. ^63. 9 Cp. XI. s. "61. 828. "so. 18 93. * 57, 58. "/». 19 Cp. XIX. 13. = 59. 1267. 2" /nio. 6 See the expression 18 oBtoi. " Cp. II. 8. used in the text. " 65 ; use Sio/iai. 22 At any rate, oSv. '62. ''33- 2863. Digitized by Microsoft® 68 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise XXIII. [Anab. i. 2.21.] For Oral Translation. — i . Cyrus wishes to invade the land of the Cilicians. 2. He considered the pass a very steep road.i 3. He tries to invade CiUcia by night.^ 4. But the country was full of soldiers.^ 5. Moreover the king's men were keeping guard upon the mountains. 6. So it was hard for Cyrus * to enter. 7. But Syennesis did not stay many days.^ 8. For his ^ fear of Cyrus ^ was great. 9. Menon's army was within the mountains. 10. For Cyrus had sent him with Epyaxa.'^ 11. He had marched a journey^ of many days.^ 12. The triremes which 8 Cyrus sent-for arrived. 13. A Lacedaemonian commanded them,!" who had been an exile. 14. He com- manded the triremes i" which ^1 Cyrus sent-for. 15. Some of them ^2 were already in Cilicia. Exercise XXIV. [Anab. i. 2. 22, 23. J For Oral Translation. — i. Cyrus will go upon the moun- tain.13 2. Then he went down into the plain. 3. The plain was full of trees.^ 4. The tents which you saw were (those)" of the Cilicians.^^ 5. The triremes were-sailing- round from Ionia. 6. No one was guarding the pass. 7. The plains bear ^^ a-great-deal-of" millet. 8. High trees surround 1^ the plain. 9. The plain is full of wheat ^ from the mountain to the sea. 10. Through the city they marched to the river. 11. This river, Cydnus by name,^' ^SS- ^51. »40. ^' Ace, as the verb 16 6. 267. 'S9. i»64. expresses motion. 1' One word in Greek. 865. '94. 11 42. " Omit. W49. *82. 862. 1=63. ^' ST. 58. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 69 was two plethrai in width.^ 12. It flowed through the middle 2 of the plain. 13. ace and a large park. 14. of wild animals.® There Syennesis had* a pal- The park was full of all-sorts- ExERCiSE XXV. [Anab. i. 2. 17-23.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 56-67. Written Exercise. — In the land of the Cilicians is a rich and beautiful plain. A river flows through the midst of it,® and high mountains surround ^ it from sea to sea. Within these mountains * is a large park stocked ^ with wild beasts.^" And there are lovely springs along the road,^i which the inhabitants greatly admire. Triremes often sail-round even ^^ from Miletus ; for all are delighted with ^^ the wheat ^^ and barley ^^ which 1* this plain bears. (It was) ^® here (that) ^® Cyrus once came with his army.^® For his brother, the king, you remember," de- sired to put him to death, as ^* formerly he had-been-plot- ting-against him.^^ So Cyrus tried to invade this beautiful region with an army.i® But some of the Cilicians ^ were-on-guard upon the heights, and in the night ^^ heard the cries ^ of Cyrus's troops.^ So Cyrus went over^ the mountains and de- scended into the plain. Here he remained many days.^ 162. "49. '25. * Express in two ways. 665. ' Use oEtos. '6. 8 M Cp. XXIV. 3. 11 Cp. XVIII. 2. 12 Even, Kai. 14 ' 90. 42. 77- ' Stocked: filled. 16 Omit. 16 91. " You remember, ex- press by 8^. 18 As, use for. w Cp. II. 4. 20 63. Remember that t!s is enclitic. 21 67. 2264. =^59. 2« Use Sid. 26 Cp. XXIII. 7. Digitized by Microsoft® 70 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise XXVI. [Anab. i. 2. 24, 25. J For Oral Translation. — i . Cyrus will arrive before the queen.i 2. The women came three days^ earlier than the men.i 3. The tavern-keepers were in Tarsus. 4. They stayed five days in their taverns. 5. Then they were-cut-to-pieces by Menon's men.^ 6. Or (else)* they were left behind in® the mountains. 7. At any rate® they did not flee to the sea. 8. They fled to a stronghold upon the heights. 9. They abandoned their taverns for^ the mountains. 10. And they came to Tarsus five days be- fore the rest^ of the army.^ 11. They are not able to find the way. 12. Two companies of Epyaxa's escort^ fled from their tents. ^^ ^13. For their fear of the rest 11 of the army was intense.^ 14. So a hundred hoplites perish. Exercise XXVII. [Anab. i. 2. 26, 27.] For Oral Translation. — i . Cyrus wished to plunder the city of Tarsus. ^^ 2. So he summons the king to-his-pres- ence.^* 3. He had never seen a better man than himself.' 4. But now he comes into the hands of Cyrus. 5. And his^® wife persuades him to take pledges from Cyrus.'® 6. Now " Syennesis always obeyed his wife.^^ 7. .For she seemed to be stronger than her husband.^ 8. At-any- ^ 70. 2 88. 811; 76. * Omit. 6 Upon. ' At any rate, one word. ' The verb implies motion. Digitized by Microsoft® «23. 13 8. 9 Of Epyaxa's escort: " To himself, 33. of those about Epyaxa, 16 14. 63- M69. 10 68. 1' Now, oiv. "59. 18 80. 12 Intense : much. GREEK COMPOSITION 71 rate^ she had no fear for the Greeks.^ 9. After that the other soldiers came. 10. They were angry on account of the loss of their comrades.^ 11. They were not able to plunder the palace in the city. 12. For a company of Cilicians was keeping guard. 13. They did, however, make-off-with some golden necklaces and short-swords. 14. These they considered worth a great deal.* 15. But after that they gave Cyrus much money for ^ the soldiers. Exercise XXVIII. [Anab. i. 3. i, 2.] For Oral Translation. — i. The men refuse^ to go from the tents. 2. First '^ Clearchus came to Cyrus. 3. Then the rest of ^ the soldiers rode into the city. 4. They do not^ wish to go forward. 5. Nor^ are they willing to march against the king. 6. For they were not hired for i" that (purpose)." 7. Clearchus's men first ^^ suspected this. 8. But he could not compel them to go. 9. They stoned ^^ Clearchus himself. 10. Who began the throwing .' 1* II. The pack-animals were stoned-to-death by the sol- diers.^^ 12. Later Clearchus got-the-better-of ^^ his men. 13. He often weeps before his men. 14. Within the mountains" is a plain full of all-kinds-of vines.^^ 1 Cp. XXVI. 7. " Omit. 2 Not dative. Recast the sentence. 1^ i.e. were the first. Cp. the Latin 8 CO. primus and primum. '^ A great deal : much, 66. ^' Threw with stones, 86. 6 j;5_ M The infin. with t6 in the proper 6 Refuse, 06 0i;aii, like the Latin nego. case, 64. fCp. L3. ^^76- B 23. ^^ See II and 71, and cp. VIII. 5. ' Not . . . nor, oCre . . . oi/re. l' 77. i» iirl, as in text. " 6S» Digitized by Microsoft® 72 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise XXIX. [Anab. i. 3. 3, 4.] For Oral Translation. — i. Cyrus heard of the assembly from Clearchus.i 2. He, you know,^ was a fugitive from his native land. 3. Then Cyrus spoke as follows. 4. Do not be surprised at these circumstances.^ 5. For I do not wonder at what* I hear. 6. I am making war in behalf of the Greeks. 7. But they rob me ^ of my money.^ 8. I ^ always spend my money on '' my children. 9. But Menon hoards his for his own use.^ 10. With your help^ I will punish him. 11. For I am not^'' well-treated by him.^" 12. I do not wish to help Greece. 13. Yet he used-to-give me pay for my men.^^ 14. In the night ^ a man ^^ came braver than Cyrus.^* Exercise XXX. [Anab. i. 2. 24-3. 4.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 67-77. Written Exercise. — Within the beautiful mountains ^* of Cilicia flowed a river, Cydnus by name.^^ Cyrus and his army marched along this river, ^^ and came to Issus three days earlier ^^ than Epyaxa's men.^^ Yet they had started from Iconium before Cyrus. ^^ But during the night ^ some of the queen's men ^^ were left behind. And the rest of the army ^ waited upon ^^ the mountains. 1 See second ex- ' For his own use, see the w Cp. XXVII. 3. ample under 69. idiom in text. 1577. 2 You know, Si{. » With {the help of) you. 18 What case? 8 72. " Metaphrase : Not for 1' Use the ace. * 41. 42. ■well I suffer by him. 18 Cp. XXVI. 2. °S3. Cp. 68. " Obj. gen. "63. ° 29. 1^67. ^ Cp. xxvin. 3. ' On, els. i»39. 21 Cp. XXVI. ?. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 73 Later Cyrus's men became acquainted with Epyaxa's attendants,! who gave them 2 many beautiful gifts, (such as) horses, bracelets, and golden short-swords. When Clearchus heard of this from Cyrus,^ he called his own men to * an assembly. They came together quickly ; for they considered their own^ commander better than Cyrus.® First he stood a long time before the army and said nothing. Then he began his speech^ as follows: "Many gifts have been given by the Cilicians^ to Cyrus's men. These he will put-aside for his private use,^ and not spend on the army.^ So I will force him to give us all the money which he has." Exercise XXXI. [Anab. i. 3. 5, 6.] For Oral Translation. — i . Clearchus obeyed Cyrus.^" 2. And always enjoyed his friendship. ^^ 3. For Cyrus had given him ^ many (presents).!^ 4. He prefers your^* friend- ship. 5. Who preferred you as an ally ? 6. They neither ^^ follow nor obey me.!" 7. He will both^® prove false and^® desert you. 8. He is everything!^ to me, country, friends, and allies. 9. So I will aid him in return ^^ for the good we have received from him.^^ 10. Without him I cannot even !8 repel a foe. 11. That (is the) ^^ opinion 1 2" have. 194. » Cp. XXIX. 8, 9. " Everything : all " Not ace. 10 80. (things). 8 Cp. XXIX. I. "86. 18 In return . , . him ; * To: into. W79. metaphrase : in return- « 33; 58. 18 Omit. for what well we sufferedr\ '70. "21. by him. \ '64. i« Cp. XXVIII. 4. 13 Not even, oiSi. '845 =P-7^- i» Cp. XIII. 7. Digitized by Microsoft® "O Emphatic, 29. 74 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION 12. Accordingly we will go with Cyrus.^ 13. For a large army has been collected for him^ in Sardis.^ 14. He* has there a large force of allies.^ Exercise XXXII. [Anab. i. 3. 7^.] For Oral Translation. — i. Some ^ of the soldiers praised Clearchus. 2. Others^ were surprised at the proceeding.'^ 3. Many of Xenias's men seized their arms. 4. Cyrus was perplexed at their words.^ 5. He did not wish to use barbarians ^ only. 6. So he resolved ^^ to send for Pasion. 7. He heard from him ^^ the plans of the soldiers. 8. For most ^^ of the troops came from ^^ Xenias. 9. They (went over and)i* encamped near Clearchus.^^ 10. They were encamping by a large river. 11. There was a river there, Cydnus by name. 12. " Be of good cheer, fellow-soldiers," said Clearchus. 13. "For all these troubles will turn out all right." ^^ 14. Afterwards the same words were praised by Cyrus.^^ Exercise XXXIII. [Anab. i. 3. 9, 10.] For Oral Translation. — i. First Clearchus wished to get together all his own men. 2. The rest ^^ of the army, however, collected unbeknown to him.^^ 3. And many even^ of Pasion's men came to him. 4. This became ^ 94. ' 86. 15 Use the ace, as motion is ^82. '^'' He resolved: it seemed best to kim. implied. Cp. the next sen- ° 96. 11 69. tence, where the dat. is used, * 83. 12 24. 16 See the idiom in the text. ^ 61. 13 Notice the three uses of irapi " 76. * 27. in this and the two following sen- w 23. ' 72. fences. 19 y>,, * 90. w Omit, 20 Kaf, Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 75 evident on the following day.^ 5. Cyrus was always well- disposed to the Greeks.^ 6. However, he was not their paymaster. 7. For they were not really* his soldiers. 8. Yet he had mustered them from many provinces. g. He was wronged by the soldiers of Xenias and Pasion. 10. For they were not willing to follow with him. 1 1. Ac- cordingly he resolved* to inflict punishment upon them.^ 12. But Clearchus was ashamed because he had deceived Cyrus. 13. Cyrus kept-sending-for the exile, Clearchus, 14. He preferred the friendship of the Greek mercenaries. 15. That is why^ he did not wish to obey Cyrus.'' Exercise XXXIV. [Anab. i. 3. 11, 12.] For Oral Translation. — i . It was not time for Cyrus ^ to neglect himself.^ 2. Most^" of the Greeks ^^ neglected themselves.® 3. We ^^ must consider ^* about these things. 4. Without commanders we can do nothing. 5. Cyrus is a most valuable" friend to men.^^ 6. But to women ^^ a most bitter enemy. 7. What ought we to do at this crisis .'1^ 8. For we cannot stay here many days" without provisions. 9. It seems best to me to besiege this force with our hoplites.i^ 10. For we havp^® troops of-all-kinds in this region.^" 11. They will all come on-the-run.^i 12. And we will give them^ five months'^* pay. 13. They wish to encamp not far from Cyrus.^ 14. There we shall 1® have a large force, horse, foot, and naval. '9S- '80. ^* Most valuable : "83. «93. 882. worthy of most, 66. 2''96. 8 T^J SPTI, 89. ■864; 33- 16 93; c^.l.z,A. 21 87. 1 Cp. XXXII. 6. 1»24. ^^ At this crisis, iK 2279. «94. "63. Toiruv, 2«62. « That is why, Sik J«84. "Si. »77. TavTa. 18 169. W86. Digitized by Microsoft® 76 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise XXXV. [Anab. i. 3. S-I2-] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 79-87. Written Exercise. — When at last^ Clearchus resolved ^ to go with Cyrus,^ not all the soldiers were willing to follow. Many of the hoplites refused * to obey their leader,^ and preferred the friendship of a certain barbarian. Unbe- known to his men ^Clearchus sent messengers to Cyrus, who gave him ^ this letter : " Clearchus, our commander, sends you ^ this (message).* Do not thus neglect yourself^ and your country. It is time for you^" to have regard for yourself.^ The bar- barians ^^ have many ships with which ^^ already they have blockaded Miletus. But neither ships nor horses are of any use ^ without men. Most ^* of my men have been wronged by Xenias,^^ and refuse to go on without more pay. What then ought I to do ? " When the messengers had given this letter to Cyrus, they returned with laughter ^^ to the army ; for Clearchus was in reality " plotting against Cyrus.^ Exercise XXXVI. [Anab. i. 3. 13, 14.] For Oral Translation. — i. Some^* of the men said what they thought. 2. Others ^^ were prompted by Cyrus.^^ 3. These men have been ordered^" by Cyrus ^^ to remain. 1 Ai last, ^fSij. » Cp. XXXIV. I. « 84. 2 Cp. XXXII. 6. l» 82. M 87. »94. "83. wCp.XXXnL7. ^Refused: not wished. ^86. 18 27, '80. 1' Cy«w*; see how this " 76. • Cp. XXXIII. 2, is expressed in the text 20 use neKetia, '79. (I. 3-")- "Omit "Cp. XXXIV. 2. Digitized by Microsoft® 21 i GREEK COMPOSITION 77 4. They showed the difficulty to the others.^ 5. The rest^ of the army came five days^ before Cyrus.* 6. Cyrus arrived a little ^ sooner than the Cilicians> 7. On the next day they asked boats of Cyrus.^ 8. In Greece the guides^ had many possessions. 9. He pretended to be fighting with the Greeks.^ 10. The guides marched many parasangs with Cyrus.^ 1 1 . The generals whom they chose were friendly to us.^" 12. Neither Cyrus nor the army will seize the heights. 13. They will rule the heights 11 which 12 they have taken. 14. They gave the money to the leaders whom ^ they chose. Exercise XXXVII. [Anab. i. 3. 15, 16, 17.] For Oral Translation. — i. I am not going to assume this command.^ 2. Clearchus knew how both to command and to obey. 3. He obeyed as 1* well as any man alive.^* 4. One man in particular ^^ exposed the folly of the others. 5. For they were spoiling Cyrus's expedition for him.^^ 6. They had no confidence in Cyrus's guides." 7. And they hesitated, too, to embark on his boats. 8. Yet he did not sink them with his triremes.^^ 9. Cyrus had many large triremes. 10. What hindered them going off ^ un- beknown to Cyrus ^.' 11. Cyrus is not going to make an expedition back again. 12. Nor are we going to make ^ 23; 79. »9I. 18 Cyru^s expedition ^23. M93. for him : the expedi- 8 88, "64. tion for Cyrus, 82. *Cp.XXVI. 10. M42. "80. ^Alia!e.6\lytiiv^, 87. 2 Cp. XLIV. 8. * Because I wish . vishing, 159. '94- S4. *S3- ' See XLII. (3. 8 100. 9 lOI. 1*90. 11 Not . . . eitkey : neither. 12 On board, iirl and gen. IS What two constructions may be used ? Mlio. 16 86. M49. "68. 18 102. 1' Under guard : being guarded. ^^ Escapes- by - stealth, one word. Digitized by Microsoft® 84 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise XLVII. [Anab. i. 4. 9, 10.] For Oral Translation. — i. The Chalus river is a pleth- rum 1 in width. 2. Many rivers are full of fish.^ 3. But this contains many large, tame ones.^ 4. The Syrians consider fish gods.* 5. So they do not allow (anybody)^ to injure them. 6. And the fish in the Chalus are both large and tame. 7. Many come to see^ these tame fish. 8. The Dardas is another river in Syria. 9. Near this ' a king of Syria had a park. 10. Cyrus halted in the park in order to burn^ the palace. 11. Do not burn^ the park, good Cyrus. 12. For the people are gathering to sacrifice^ to the gods. 13. Let them not assemble ^ in these villages. 14. For they belong to 1" Cyrus's mother. 15. The king gave them to her for pin-money.i^ 16. He sends for guides who shall lead ^ the army home. Exercise XLVIII. [Anab. i. 4. 11, 12.J For Oral Translation. — i. They allow Cyrus to burn the palace. 2. But he does not lay waste the beautiful park. 3. Thapsacus is situated near^^ the Euphrates river. 4. Here the Euphrates is four stades in width. 5. So Cyrus remains in Thapsacus five days. 6. He sends for the generals in order to tell® them something. 7. "In reality," 1* he said, " we assembled to march ^ inland. 8. And our route now will be against the king. 9. Try-to- 162. *ss- 1° Belong to : are of, 5& '65. 6 Omit. " Note the idiom. ' Large, tame * no. 1*111. ones: large and ' What case ? IS Cp. XLVII. 9. tame (ones). * 102. " Cp. XXXIII. 7, Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 85 persuade^ your men to follow. 10. Then let us^ all make^ the march zealously." 11. All this was told the soldiers^ by the generals.* 12. And they at first were angry with the officers.^ 1 3. Cyrus kept ® the thing secret so that they might not desert.^ 14. But they pretend to be angry, that Cyrus may give ^ them ^ money. Exercise XLIX. [Anab. i. 4. 13, 14.] For Oral Translation. — i. In Babylon are many minas of silver.^ 2. These Cyrus promises to his Greeks. 3. Each man ® shall have five minas. 4. Let us promise each^ one mina. 5. I promise this in order that he may come^ to Babylon. 6. For he will bring you all back to Greece. 7. Then he will give you pay in full. 8. So follow Cyrus ^^ and his" faithful Greeks. 9. Let him not assemble^ his men apart from the rest.^^ 10. What then will he urge them to do.' 11. He will beg them^* to cross the river at once. 12. And he will honor them above 1^ Menon's men.^^ 13. They will follow in order to be greatly honored.'^ 14. All obeyed in order to be honored^ by Cyrus. 15. And Menon sends men to cross 1^ the river immediately. Exercise L. [Anab. i. 4. 8-14.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, no, in. Written Exercise. — Menon, as you know,^^ was the worst of the Greek generals. He loved neither Cyrus 1 98. 3. ^ Kept-secret, one w What case ? ^* Above : more than. ^ 101. word. " 21. i« 70. » 79. 'no. ^ 102. " III. * 76. 8 61. ^ 77. ^' As you know, 5^. ' 90. » 83. " 65. Digitized by Microsoft® 86 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION nor the king, but plotted against them^ in order to be' king of the Persians himself. He used the property ^ of others to get pay for his soldiers/ and even^ robbed women and children of their money ^ to maintain ^ his army. When Menon attempted to slip away, Cyrus sent two companies of hoplites to pursue him to the Chains river. This was the river, you remember,'^ full of tame fish® which^ some of the barbarians ^^ consider gods.^ However, Menon and his men reached this river many days " before Cyrus.^^ Do not be surprised ^^ at this,^^ for Cyrus had a large army, and large armies cannot move rapidly. Besides,^* Cyrus had already sent troops to seize ^ Menon in Thapsacus. Do not say^ anything more, but listen, that the story ^^ of Menon may be known to all. Exercise LI. [Anab. i. 4. 15, 16.] For Oral Translation. — i. What did Menon bid his men do.'^® 2. He bade them follow in order to seem^ more faithful. 3. He looked out that they should seem ^^ faith- ful. 4. Good generals look out for their men.^® 5. And they see to it that they are faithful." 6. And good sol- diers obey their leaders.^^ 7. Menon feared that Clearchus would be honored 2" more than he.^^ 8. And Clearchus feared that Menon would not cross ^ the river. 9. For he too was planning to be king." 10. Let us all be ^ grateful^ •94. 8 6s. IS Do : io do. 2 no. 'ss. " 112. 8 Tie {property). 10 63. "64. d, but see 86. " Cp. XXXVIII. 14. W80. 4 82. 12 102. 20 113. "Kot. I'go. =1 Cp. XLIX. 12. ^53- " Besides, Tvpaairi S4. ^'^ loi. Note the idiom 'Cp. sentence I, above. 15 Cp. XLIV. I. of the text. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 87 to Cyrus. 11. I fear that he will use^ only the faithful.^ 12. Do not consider 3 Menon a friend* any longer. 13. For he is taking care that Cyrus shall not honor® us. 14. Praise the men that they may be^ grateful to you. 15. For Cyrus fears that they no longer love^ him.'' Exercise LII. [Anab. i. 4. 17, 18, 19.J For Oral Translation. — i . The soldiers wish you success.^ 2. So praise them in a loud voice.^ 3. For they are in high hopes. 4. The whole ^^ army wishes to cross the river. 5. Why will they not use boats 2. ' 6. There are no boats at^^ the river. 7. For they were burned by Abrocomas, that you might not cross.^ 8. He burns them, I say, that you may not cross.^ 9. And these rivers are not fordable.^ 10. Now the army will see a ^8 miracle. 1 1. The river will make way for them.^* 12. The gods will take care that the water wets® nobody. 13. I fear that there is ^ no wine in the village. 14. Take care that the same boats are® stocked with^® provisions. Exercise LIII. [Anab. i. 5. i, 2, 3.] For Oral Translation. — i . The road through Arabia is level. 2. Cyrus's soldiers marched along the plain. ^^ 3. Frequently they saw wormwood and reeds. 4. There were no hills in the plain. 5. The plain was full of wild asses.^^ 6. And sometimes they saw wild asses. 7. The 1II3. '33- "28. 2 86. 8 See how expressed in the text. "94. ^ 102. 9 87. w Stocked with : • >// 0/. *5S- W26. 1^ Use the ace. ^ 112. 11 irl and dat. IT 65. ^ no. 12 dta^arbs Treif . Digitized by Microsoft® 88 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION horsemen drew near in order to pursue^ them. 8. But the asses ran rapidly to escape.^ 9. They raise their wings like sails. 10. The animals fear that the soldiers will not stop.2 II. They rouse the partridges in order to capture 1 them. 12. The soldiers rise^ early* to hunt.^ 13. Cyrus rose^ in order to hunt^ ostriches. 14. He looks out that all his men shall hunt^ gazelles. Exercise LIV. [Anab. i. 5. 4, 5, 6.] For Oral Translation. — i. Cyrus reached the deserted town before the army.^ 2. A beautiful river, Mascas by name, surrounds the city. 3. The width of the Mascas was a plethrum. 4. Cyrus stayed in the city a day '^ to forage.^ 5. For hunger is destroying some of the pack- animals.^ 6. And many of the soldiers^ also are perish- ing. 7. Let the commanders take care^ that the soldiers shall not perish.^ 8. The men fear that there is^ no fod- der in the plain. 9. For many days '' the army ^^ had no grain. 10. The generals sold the grain which they brought" with them." 11. The inhabitants came to sell* their millstones. 12. But Cyrus said, "We do not wish the millstones. 13. For neither we nor our horse? can eat them. 14. Give us^ either grain or flesh." 15. Cyrus looked out that the army should have^ a quart of meal for two sigli.-*^ 1 no. "63. 2 113. »I00. ^ Use the middle of iviaTtuu, 1083. *Tp0. u Brought with them : came 6 112. having. ' 70. "79- 'S'. W66. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 89 Exercise LV. [Anab. i. 4. 15-5. 6.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 112, 113. Written Exercise. — When Cyrus was marching through Arabia, he made ^ very long marches.^ For the land was all a plain and perfectly^ bare. .There was neither fodder for the horses,* nor grain for the men.* And Cyrus feared that the soldiers would die ^ of hunger.® But he saw to it that all '' (of them) ^ should have ^ plenty of meat ; for there were wild animals of all kinds in the plain. So he planned that the men should often hunt^ these, and sent whole companies to pursue^" them. And the horsemen gladly did so, for Cyrus always took care that his troops should have ^ food. Accordingly they hunted even the wild asses, but these ran much faster than the horses," so but few ^ were caught. And the ostriches were swifter than the asses," for they were able to use both feet ^ and wings.^^ But the soldiers pursued vigorously in order to overtake ^° the flying prey. Thus Cyrus both sees to it that his sol- diers ' shall have^ food, and prepares them in spirit 1* for ^^ battle. Exercise LVI. [Anab. i. 5. 7, 8.] For Oral Translation. — i. These days' marches^® we shall make very long. 2. If they are ^'' in that country they are making long marches.^® 3. He feared that they would not get^ to water. 4. On one occasion's much mud appeared 1 Use iropeiofuu or i\aivoi, US- '83. 'Omit "86. 1*89. ' vavrdiroffl, 4 82. ^ H3- •90. »II2. M HO. « 70. M Bui few, one word. 1* Cognate ace. " 116. 18 See the idiom of text, Digitized by Microsoft® 90 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION in the plain. 5. Cyrus halts ^ in order to extricate ^ the wagons. 6. Let the soldiers throw off^ their* beautiful cloaks. 7. What discipline ! ^ Just ^ see the nobles with' their* crimson shirts! 8. Do not jump^ into that mud. 9. If they get out^ the wagons, they are not nobles. 10. If Epyaxa was present,® she saw a bit of fine disci- pline. II. If Cyrus said,® "Leap into the mud," into the mud they leaped. 12. They were running to gain^o the victory.ii 13. Cyrus took care that the men should not act leisurely.^ 14. If all are present,® I am ready to begin my speech.ii Exercise LVII. [Anab. i. 5. 9, 10.] For Oral Translation. — i. The king's forces are scat- tered.i^ 2. But let us hasten 1* that the armies may collect. 3. I fear that the king will not pay ^^ attention to Cyrus.-'^ 4. If he hurries ® now, he is a wise general. 5. The extent of the king's territory is very great. 6. But the length ^' of the roads makes it weak. 7. However, we^^ are weaker than the king.^® 8. If he delays ^'^ for provisions, he marches the faster. 9. If we delayed^" anywhere, we always bought provisions. 10. If the men had® hides, they filled them with hay .21 11. Let us filP* all^ the skins with hay. 12. Sew them up that the water may not reach ^ them.^^ 13. In this plain millet is most abundant. 14. Be sure that all the men cross ■'^ on rafts.^^ 29. 1 Use the middle. 6 S^. 12 n 2. -- ^y. ^ no. ' ex<""'i*s- ^^ Have been scat- 1' 70. ' 100. » 102. tered. ^ 117, ^ The article. » 116. " loi. 2155. s HA. 761; B. 1° Use Ti;7x«70. 6 Omit. M109. ' '"', M 106. ' lu/joOfiai, lOI. i» Use xpi>. 9 Notice the word used in the M Metaphrase ; may he become in text (143). himself. w 116. 21 loi. Cp. LIX. II. " Recast : (ke ours have badly. !M Use the idiom of text, § 17. Digitized by Microsoft® 94 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise LXII. [Anab. i. 6. i, 2.J For Oral Translation. — i. Those who^ were burning' the fodder were horsemen. 2. If there was^ anything useful in the plain, they burned it. 3. As they advanced ^ they saw horse-tracks. 4. If Orontas sees* the trail, he will lie in ambush. 5. For he is plotting against the Per- sians.^ 6. " If you will give* me a troop of horse," he said, " I will capture those men alive." ^ 7. " If I should^ not give^ them, what would''' you do^.'" he replied. 8. "I would slay^ both you and myself not long^ afterward." 9. If he sees^ Cyrus, he will report it to the army. 10. For he is related to Orontas^ by birth. ^* 11. Take horsemen, if necessary,* from each of the battalions. 12. If he should burn^ the villages, our horses ^^ would have no fodder. 13. So let us make terms^^ and fight ^^ no longer. 14. For those ^ who fight ^ are never happy. Exercise LXIII. [Anab. i. 6. 3, 4, 5.] For Oral Translation. — i. That same^^ Orontas wrote a letter to the king. 2. " I am coming," he said, "with" a large army. 3. TelP^ my men^^ to receive me as a friend. 4. I will bring the rest^^ of the army, if I can.*" 5. He will come with" very many horsemen. 6. If a trusty man takes* the letter, he will give it to Cyrus. 7. If Cyrus reads* it, he will not consider Orontas faithful. 8. Cyrus 1 Cp. LXI. 3, » voKi. 18 32. -117. ' Use a participle, 159. 6. "Cp. I. 13 8 159. 8. 10 89. (159. 8). * 119. "83. ^5 Metaphrase: 694. ^ Metaphrase : having say to the of me. 6 120. made terms (159. l), letus 16 23. ' 106. fight. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 9S read the letter which Orontas wrote. 9. And at once he ordered a thousand men to stand under arms about his tent. 10. If he should see^ Orontas, he would arrest him at once. 11. If he arrested^ a man,^ he always put him to death. 12. Cyrus would* never read* such a letter. 13. A man^ went out to report^ to his friends (about)^ Orontas's trial. 14. He took care that all those present' should hear.^ Exercise LXIV. [Anab. 1.6.6, 7.] For Oral Translation. — i. This-is-the-way-that^ Cyrus began his speech.^** 2. Soldiers, let us deliberate with one- another. 3. If we do^^ what is right, we must^^ make war on^^ Sardis. 4. I will take care that we give^ and receive^ pledges. 5. If my brother gives ^^ me a pledge, I will fight. 6. But if he should make^ me subject to you,^* I would revolt. 7. Would the Mysians also revolt*.'' 8. Even^^ if you should do^ harm to their country,^^ they would not^^ wrong you. 9. Nobody would wrong* Cyrus's brother. 10. In what^' are you wronging Cyrus.' 11. If he real- izes ^^ his power, he will cease fighting.^^ 12. For he no longer holds the citadel in Sardis. 13. He admits this in order to receive^ pledges from you. 14. But he was never wronged by the king. 1 120. ^ 119. "117. 32 Metaphrase : it mil be necessary ' Use the proper case of tU. us to make. *io6. 18 Omit (92). * no. "93- 6 Omit. 16 Even not, ami. '157. 16 What case ? 8 112. "49. ® ovrws SiJ, "68. 1064. Digitized by Microsoft® 96 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise LXV. [Anab. i. 6. 1-7.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, lo6, II9, 120, 121. Written Exercise. — Have you ever heard of^ the trial of Orontas ? He was a Persian gentleman, and was said to be related to Artaxerxes^ by birth.^ He resolved ^ once to plot against Cyrus,* and calling together^ a few of the noblest Persians,^ he said, "Cyrus is advancing with' two thousand horsemen. So, if you will be^ my advisers, we shall be able to capture him alive^ and kill him. For he never would i'* be able^" to hinder us. Even if he should see^^ us, he could do nothing. We would destroy^" his army and burn^" their arms if they should attack ^^ us. If then you are willing^ to come^^ with me, take a part of your troops^ and come to my tent by night. ■^^" On hearing^ that, one of the Persians who was^* more faithful than the others,^^ wrote a letter at once to Cyrus. " Dear Cyrus," he said, " Orontas is lying-in-wait with' his horsemen. If he catches^ you, he will kill you ; but if you come quickly, you will be able to arrest him. For, fearing^* that the Mysians will stop^^ fighting^' in order to join^' you,^^ he is doing harm to their country." This letter was given to Cyrus by a faithful man,^** and Cyrus at once proceeded-to-make-war ^^ on Orontas. 1 irepl and gen. * 119. tt7o. 2 Cp. LXII. 10. » Cp. LXII. 6. M113. " He resolved, ^So^ev i» 106. " Fighting : from the aiiTi^. 11 120. fight, 68. « Cp. LXII. 5. 12 147. 18 no. 6 159. I. "67. 1^94. "63. 1* Express by a parti- 2»76. 'Cp. LXIII. 2. ciple, 159. =1 Impf. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 97 Exercise LXVI. [Anab. i. 6. 8, 9.] For Oral Translation. — i. Because-you-have-been- wronged^ by Cyrus you are now plotting against him.^ 2. Let us plot 3 against him- who- wrongs * us. 3. If you are ^ faithful to my brother, I will be your friend. 4. Even ® if I am^ faithful, I shall not^ seem so to you.'^ 5. O that you would be * a friend to us ! 6. I am not surprised at the present® circumstances. 7. Those-who-were-present* have done no wrong. 8. Let Clearchus express^" his opinion first. ^^ 9. If he has^ time, he will express his^^^ opinion. 10. If we should put^^ the fellow 1* out of the way, we should no longer need^^ to be on our guard. II. After giving this advice ^^ Cyrus went away. 12. If you are^'^ good, you will give me good advice. ^^ 13. He said this because-he-was-hostile ^ to Cyrus. 14. Would you also advise 1* Cyrus this? Exercise LXVII. [Anab. i. 6. 10, 11.] For Oral Translation. — i. The others also concurred in this opinion.^ 2. Then Cyrus, rising,^'' seized Orontas by the girdle.^^ 3. Although Clearchus knew 22 this, he did not rise. 4. Orontas did not appear — living® or dead.® 5. Put 1 Having-been- 10 100. 1' Having advised this, wronged, 159. 2. " Le. let Clearchus 159. I ; 48. '94. be the first. Cf. Lat. " 159. 6. * lOI. primus. 18 Cp. No. II and re- *iS7. 1214. cast. 8 119. i» 120. w 106. * Even , . . not. oili. 1* Use oBros. «> 159. I. ' To you, emphatic. IS Metaphrase : it 21 64. 8 108., ■would no longer be 22 159. 7; 162. '156. necessary. GL. GK. , PR. COMP. — 7 Digitized by Microsoft® 98 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION this man out of the way as soon as possible. 6. If I do this, those-present ^ will agree to the same opinion.^ 7. After this Orontas was led to execution.^ 8. After-being-led* from the tent, Orontas never was seen.® 9. Whoever is led^ into Artapates's tent will never be seen alive. 10. If he dies'^ in the tent, nobody will see him. 11. Whenever he takes® the wrongdoers, he leads them to death. 12. Knowing ^ this, they are ever on their guard. 13. For they fear that they will be put i" out of the way. 14. Those- who-are-f aithf ul ^ Cyrus always honors. Exercise LXVIII. [Anab. i. 7. i, 2.] For Oral Translation. — i. The king will come soon" to fight.^ 2. Whenever Cyrus makes ^^ a review, the barbari- ans will come. 3. When the following dawn comes,^^ they will fight. 4. Clearchus 1* will lead the right wing. 5. But Menon^* will command the left.^® 6. Each will marshal his own men. 7. Let us draw up our entire^® army at midnight. 8. A deserter came* and reported everything to the king. 9. I fear that he will telP" about our expe- dition. 10. Let us calP^ together our men and delib- erate." II. How could 1® we best conduct ^^ the battle.? 1 2. Though 18 the king came ^^ with his army, he did not fight. 13. If he should fight ^ bravely, he would soon conquer. I.: \. 1 hose who-h ghfi bravely are-more-apt-to^ conquer. ^37; «57- ' 119. "Cp. note to 1. 3. 18 106. 294. » 127; 128. II. 16 64. 19 159. 7; 162. « Death. 9 159. 2. 16 26. ?» 120. ' 159- I- 1" 113. 1' Recast : hav- 21 157. ' Appeared. 11 Soon, ijSti. — ■; ing- called together ^ Are more aj * 127; 128. III. " 159. S- 13 128. III. . . . let us deliber- ate. to, lioKKov, Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 99 Exercise LXIX. [Anab. i. 7. 3, 4.] For Oral Translation. — i, Cyrus would ^ never lack^ barbarians as allies.^ 2. But the Greeks are better than many barbarians.^ 3. Whoever proves himself* a brave man is worthy of freedom.^ 4. They are worthy of the freedom^ which® they have acquired. 5. And we con- gratulate them for it.^ 6. See to it that you are^ worthy of the same freedom. 7. The-man-who-wishes ^ to go home will be an object-of-envy to his friends. 8. But many will prefer life^" with me. 9. The present ^^ contest is greater than the former^ (one).^^ 10. But if we endure ^^ the shouting, all the rest will be easy. 11. O that their number were-^* not so great! 12. Whenever the enemy advanced,^® the barbarians fled. 13. Since they are^® our allies, they will be envied. 14. If anybody wishes ^^ to go home, let him take us as allies.^ Exercise LXX. [Anab. i. 6. 8-7. 4.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 126-128, iSS-'59- Written Exercise. — Among the Greeks if a man did wrong" or plotted-against " another (man),^'^ the-man- wronged^ could bring the wrongdoer^ to^^ trial. If the delinquent^ refused ^^ to obey, the leaders sent men^ to iCp.LXVIII. II. '72. 14 109. 2 8. * 112. w 128. II. * 70. •157. 18 159. 2. * Use the proper form 10 See the phrase used " 117. (128. II) of ipalvaiuu. in the text. 18eis. 6 66, "156- » Not wished. "42. MOmit "119, a) Tiv&s. Digitized by Microsoft® loo GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION arrest^ him, and immediately called together the noblest (men) ^ as advisers.^ On hearing * both ^ (sides),^ the eldest of those present ^ said : — "As I am'^ the eldest, I will speak first ^; then let each of the others express his opinion. If this man proves ^ to-have-done-wrong, ^^ let us put him out of the way at once. If not,^^ let those-who-wish ^ rise and call him^^ friend.^2 But if on hearing* all (the evidence) ^ any one • should prefer ^^ to go away ^* and choose ^* other advisers, let him do so. For never should we have leisure to help ■'^ our friends if we advised all who-asked *" (us).^ So see that you are^^ faithful and advise whatever you deem^'' best and most fitting ; in order that we may conduct ^^ the trial as the gods wish.^'' " After all who-wished® had expressed their opinions, those present^ rose* and seized the man by the girdle ^^ as-a-sign-of-condemnation ^^ ; or if not judged ^^ worthy of death,^ they allowed him to depart. But a-man-who-had- plotted-against ^ the king, even though ^ one of the noblest Persians, was led off to death. Exercise LXXI. [Anab. i. 7. S, 6, 7.J For Oral Translation. — i. One of those present^ was a Samian exile. 2. Although he was ^ not a Greek, he ^ 159- S- ^'' &SiKoi yeyevriiiivos. " 128. III. " Omit. 163. 1^ IIO; use iroUopuii. 8 8. " ikv Sk ff^. " Cp. LXVII. 2. * 159- I. ^55- 20 For death. 664.C. 18 120. 21 159. 6. *i57- 1* Having gone away =2 66. < 159. 2. (159. i) to choose (147). 28Usetheaorist(l57). 8 Cp. LXVI. 8. " 149. 2*Sc. te«^(l62). ' 119; use ipalmimi. 1" 112. 25 Cp. LXVIII. 12, Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION loi was a friend of Cyrus. 3. Cyrus promised much because ^ he was^ in danger. 4. He cannot give us what he prom- ised. 5. Would you be able^ to pay all that you have promised.? 6. He will not pay until (things) ^ turn out* well. 7. If he should^ not succeed,'^ he could not pay. 8. He promised much before the rest® came.^ 9. If he had heard* all, he would not have promised. 10. Men could not live there on account of the cold. 11. While Gaulites® was speaking,^ others came up to see^" Cyrus. 12. Wherever they went^^ they saw Gaulites. 13. For he always tries to be wherever Cyrus is-likely-to-see ^ him. 14. This Gaulites was a Samian by birth. ^^ Exercise LXXII. [Anab. i. 7. 8, 9, 10.] For Oral Translation. — i. The other Greeks went to report ^* this to Cyrus. 2. What would they have,^^ if they should conquer^.'' 3. While they® are going-in,® some- body asks Cyrus : 4. " Shall we have ^^ anything, if we conquer ^® .-"' 5. Though ^^ many wish this, Cyrus does not satisfy their expectations. 6. We feared that he would not satisfy ^* our expectations. 7. It is possible to fight, if you wish.^® 8. Though^® it was possible ^^ to fight, he pre- ferred life^ at home. 9. On hearing ^^ that, he sent the men away before they answered.^ 10. They will not fight until our men are drawn up.^^ 11. Do not give crowns 1159.2. 8 159. 5 (cp. n8). 1533. 2 106. * 160. 1' 119. 8 Omit. w 159- S (cp- no). " 162. «Use the aorist of " 128. II. *' 113. ylymiuu. ^''^ Is-likely-to-see : will '^161. 6 120. see. '^ Cp. text, l. 7. 4. 623; 3. l»49. "^'159. I- 7 130. " IS9- 5- ^ 129. Digitized by Microsoft® 102 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION to the Greeks until they conquer.^ 12. I will not give them crowns, unless^ they are victorious.^ 13. "Why,* will your brother fight?" "Indeed,^ he won't," ^ said Cyrus. 14. Those who have® chariots will have' the victory. Exercise LXXIII. [Anab. i. 7. 11, 12, 13.] For Oral Translation. — i. The enemy had' more chari- ots than the Greeks. 2. Artagerses led the cavalry ^ which ^ we saw. 3. The others fled before the cavalry appeared.^" 4. If our chariots are present^ at the battle, no-one will remain before the king. 5. Do not come^' until the enemy are taken. ^^ 6. They were taken before Gobryas appeared.^" 7. As the horsemen^ were being arrayed ^^ before Cyrus, we saw the king himself. 8. Those ® who marched ® from Phoenicia were too late ^^ for the battle.^^ 9. Prisoners^* and deserters tell the same story. 10. As it is possible ^^ to remain, let us be present at^® the battle. 11. As the king has^' a very large army, he will wish to fight. 12. After the battle the Greeks captured some of the eneniy. 13. But before this was announced I'' many deserted to Cyrus. 14. By these deserters® the number of the enemy was reported to Cyrus. 1 129. '83. 1* Metaphrase : The 2 Unless : if not. 864. captured (157) and the 8 119. «42. having deserted the same 4 Why, ydp. 1° 130. {things') announce. ' Metaphrase : TVo, by 11 102. 16 161. Zeus, not he will fight. 12 160. ^^ At: in. *I57- 1' Use the idiom of the text and see 71. " 159. 2 (or 83; 160), Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 103 Exercise LXXIV. [Anab. i. 7. 14, 15.] For Oral Translation. — i. After marching on^ one day's niarch,2 Cyrus drew^ up all* his army in battle array.^ 2. The enemy came before the Greek force was drawn up.^ 3. He did not stop until he reached® the deep ditch. 4. The king had extended this ditch many parasangs.^ 5. As the ditch'' was'^ deep and wide, grain boats sailed^ upon it. 6. Though the river ^ was' very deep, no boats were seen.® 7. If the canals are^" deep and a plethrum in width, boats will be able to sail upon them. 8. Before Cyrus had marched ^^ a parasang the king appeared. 9. On seeing^ Cyrus's army, he fled to the so-called ^ wall of Media. 10. This wall was twenty feet ^^ in width 1* and extended twenty parasangs ^ through the plain. 11. Then they came to a deep ditch which had been made by the king.^^ 12. The king had made this ditch while Cyrus'' was advancing.' 13. All the trenches flowing ^^ from the Tigris river emptied into the Euphrates. 14. But those flowing ^^ from the Euphrates extended into the plain. Exercise LXXV. [Anab. i. 7. 5-1 5-] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 129, 130, 159, 160, 161. Written Exercise. — Before Cyrus came "" to the king's army, he called together ^ all his 1* generals and captains. » 159. 1. 8 129. "Use the; aonst 18 157. 251. »i6o. (130). " Metaphrase : 8 Drew-up-in-bat- 8 6. 12 156. The but Cyrus be- tle-array, one word. 5 Were seen : ap- 13 62. fore to come. *26. peared. "49- "14. ^IJO. 1" 1 19, but cp. 160. 16 84. Digitized by Microsoft® I04 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION and deliberated. After he ^ had spoken ^ about the contest, one of those present, ^ GauUtes by name,^ said, " Cyrus, some people promise much when they are * in danger, but whenever they are ^ out of trouble they no longer remember. Take care that you are ^ not a-person-of-that-sort,'' for the soldiers already fear that you cannot * fulfill what you have promised." Cyrus replied, " Do not be surprised ^ that I am grieved at the present^" circumstances. For though" it is pos- sible" to have a province greater than my brother's, ^^ I prefer to give alP^ that I have^^ to my friends. I shall make you all masters of whatever lands ^^ we acquire, and to the Greeks I will give also crowns of gold. I shall never consider myself happy until I do^^ this." On hearing that, before Cyrus could ^^ utter another word, the generals went-to-marshaling ^^ their men and made a numbering of men, horses, and chariots. While this was taking place,i deserters^ from the king came to bring a message ^^ to the leaders of the Greeks. The latter ^^ at once decided ^^ to set out with their cavalry and chariots in full arrayj^" hoping '■^ to come upon ^^ the king near the so-called ^° wall of Media. 1 1 60. 8 4g. " Metaphrase : all to me being, 157; 83. 2 157. * 159. 8. " 60; 43- « 128. 11. 15 129. * 112. IS 130. ' A-person-of-tkat-sort : stick. " One word in Greek. 8 113. 18 To bring a message : to announce 9 Cp. XXIX. 4 and text. something, 159. 5. i» 156. 19 The latter decided : to these it seemed " 161. best. ^^ My brother's; the of my *• Hoping to come upon, ws and future brother, 70; 58. partiq. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 105 Exercise LXXVI. [Anab. i. 7. 16, 17, 18.] For Oral Translation. — i. While this^ is going on,^ a soothsayer happens to be present.^ 2. After hearing* this from the soothsayer,* he stops speaking.^ 3. As the path ^ was narrow,^ it seemed best to advance.^ 4. While Cyrus ^ was passing-along ^ the wall, Silanus happened to be sacrificing.^ 5. That^ canal was a fine defense, as^ it was^ both wide and deep. 6. But Cyrus was not able to get ^ within the wall. 7. However, the king did not wish to fight ^^ on that day. 8. This was another pretext for drawing" up the army. 9. Cyrus called the soothsayer in order to give ^^ him something. 10. Menon would not have fought^* within ten days.-'* 11. Since ^^ this is so,^^ let us tell the truth.^^ 12. If he should tell the truth," I would give him seven talents. 13. But Cyrus did not promise until the army passed ^^ within the canal. 14. Saying* this, he sent away all the cavalry. Exercise LXXVII. [Anab. i. 7. 18, 19, 29.] For Oral Translation. — i. If Cyrus calls ^^ Silanus, he will give him the money. 2. For he happens to be^ a soothsayer and tells the truth about the fighting.^^ 3. He will pay the money before the ten days elapse.^ 4. You Thest 1 160. 9 To become, 148. 16 Metaphrase ^\(>l', 165. 10 147. having thm, 160. » 159. 1. 11 59; 151. 16 lOI. *69. 12 Express in several "120. 6164. ways: 159.5; no; 154; M 129. «I46. 150. w 119. '20. 1' 107 (cp. 118). 20 165. 8 As it was : on ac- "67. ^ 145 ; IS'' (Qunt of the to be, 145. Digitized by Microsoft® !»I^O. io6 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION will not fight with the king 1 within five days.2 5. But the king has-not-given-up-the-idea ^ of fighting.* 6. He will not hinder us from crossing^ the river. 7. He chanced to be making^ the march seated^ in his chariot. 8. An army, meanwhile, is secretly^ maintained^ for him. 9. As he has ^ but-few men in line before him, he seems to be ^^ in danger. 10. He will not stop marching, ^^ though many men^ desert ^^ him. 11. For he wishes to cross ^^ the river before Cyrus's men arrive.^* 12. Not many of the soldiers marched with^^ all their arms. 13. Some, how- ever, carried their arms on wagons. 14. Would you ^^ do " that when the ^^ enemy were ^^ near ? Exercise LXXVHI. [Anab. i. 8. i, 2, 3.] For Oral Translation. — i. He intends to halt ^^ at about midnight. 2. The horsemen ride at full speed with their horses ^^ in a sweat.^ 3. All whom ^^ he met were shouting, " Do not fight.^ " 4. Whenever he saw^^ men riding^ at full speed, he cried out. 5. He soon met the king^^ appar- ently^ prepared ^^ for battle. 6. It seemed best to the Greeks to fall upon ^ the enemy.^® 7. But they began at once running" in great confusion.^ 8. While Cyrus ^^ was leaping ^^ from his chariot, some one seized him by the hand.^ 9. Then putting^'' on his breastplate he mounted his 192. ' 159. 8- " 130. 21 128. II = 67. 8 h secret being 16 With . • having. 22 is. 8 Has-given- ■up- maintained, : [65. 159. 8. 2S 156. the-idea, one word » 159. ^. 16 29. 2*146. in Greek. w 148. IT 106. 2687. *68; 151. " 164. "91. 2664. *«S3- 12 160. "94. " 159- «. " 165. 18 147. 20 102. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 107 chariot.1 10. Before they mounted ^ their horses, each ordered his own line to put-on-fuU-armor.^ 11. So arming themselves,* all took their places. 12. Clearchus was tak- ing his place with-the-intention-of-falling-upon ^ the enemy .« 13. But Menon, as it chanced, was already advancing/ 14. For he happened to command^ the left wing.^ Exercise LXXIX. [Anab. i. 7. 16-8. 3.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 144-148, 151, 163-165. Written Exercise. — As the king's men ^ are advancing i" along the Tigris river, they come upon tracks^ of many horsemen and infantry. So it seems best to all to put on ^^ their armor and advance at full speed until they come ^ to the great wall. Here they are likely to find ^^ friends and allies (who are)'* prepared '^ to fight ^^ whenever they wish.^^ But before they reach ^ the wall, they see a man riding ^^ at full speed and shouting,'* " Wait ! Do not advance '^ until you hear^" my story." So they halted^' and waited until he dismounted '^ from his horse. And immediately he began to speak as follows : — 1 Use the accusative and preposition 10 159. as in text. 11 146. 2130. 12129. * One word (147). ' 18 148. * 159- I- w Omit. 6 (is and future participle (159. 5). 16156. «94- 16 Use (So-TE, 154. f Recast : Menon was happening " 128. III. advancing, 165. M 159. 8. 864. 19 102. ' The king's men : those with the a> 129; 130. king, II. «i 132. Digitized by Microsoft® io8 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION " It happens that I am ^ a soothsayer, and am able to tell the truth to both friend and foe. The Greeks will not fight within ten days, as they have^ neither horses nor men. So that halting ^ is better for us * now than advanc- ing,^ and I say this from knowledge.^ If I am not speak- ing the truth, do to me ^ whatever you will.^ " Immediately there is great confusion. The horsemen stop talking^ and spring upon their horses, wishing^ to fall upon 1° the foe at once. But the king, who is present in person,^^ as it chances,^ begs them not to advance,^" as Cyrus evidently^ has given up^ the idea^^ of crossing ^^ the canal. Exercise LXXX. [Anab. i. 8. 4, 5, 6, 7.] For Oral Translation. — i. Then it seemed best to take^* their places. 2. Clearchus wished to hold ^° the right wing. 3. But Menon tried to prevent i*' him from crossing ^^ the river. 4. Commanding^ the left was very easy for Menon,* as he was^ a fine general. 5. But the right was very diffi- cult to command.is 6. He ordered some of the Paphlago- nian cavalry to take ^° a position over by Cyrus.^^ 7. He , did this in 18 great haste at^^ the command of Cyrus.^^ 8. The Persians were standing there wearing^ helmets and breastplates. 9. They advanced in great haste to 1 Cp. LXXVIII. 14. 2 159. 2. 8 145 ; 146. »82. 5 J^rom knowledge : knowing, 159. 2 and 4. ^54. ' 128. III. 8164. * 159. 2 and 8. 1° 147- 11 In person, oi5t(5s. 12 Recast : Cyrus is evident having given up the idea, 166. 18 Cp. LXXVII. 5. l« 146. 16 153. Cp. LXXVII. 6. 16 149. 1' Ace, as the verb im- plies motion. " With. w Recast, 1 60. 2" 159. 8. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION " 109 see^ Cyrus. 10. Before he mounted* his horse, he ordered the horsemen to seize their swords. 11. When you have put on 3 full armor, take your place on the left wing. 12. Whenever Clearchus leads* the army, the Greeks are willing to march ^ at full speed. 13. If you happen-on the barbarians,® bid them advance^ with^ bared heads. 14. For we have resolved ^ to put on our breastplates and fall-upon® the Greek peltast force.® Exercise LXXXI. [Anab. i. 8. 8, 9.] For Oral Translation. — i. It seems best to the king to proceed^ nation by nation. 2. Moreover he wished each nation to march ^ in a solid square. 3. When night comes, ^^ the king will be seen. 4. We cannot prevent the Egyp- tians from taking ^^ their wooden shields which-reach-f rom- head-to-feet.^^ 5. They came into sight a little ^^ later than the others.^* 6. Not until the enemy are ^^ in plain view will the horsemen run. 7. If they come ^® nearer, running away^^ will be safer. 8. Because it was evening,^^ we could not see^^ the mass of dust. 9. But we were per- fectly able ^^ to see ^1 the enemies' spear-points. 10. The hoplites were said to have given up ^^ the idea of arming.^ II. O that Tissaphernes were willing^ to lead^ the ranks ! ^ 12. He never would take his place ^ for ^ battle with^ head unprotected. 13. For he is a fine general, 1 150. ' Metaphrase : For l« 88. 21 j^g. 2 154. itseents best to us having "70. 22 Cp. LXXVII. 5. ' 159. I. put on the breastplates "^ 129. 28 jog. * 128. 11. to fall upon. " 119. ^ 64. 6 147. » 146. " 145 ; 146. 25 106. 8 94. 1" 128. III. "« Cp. LXXVI. s- 2« eh. ' Use a par- " 153. » 148- "" Cp. LXXX. 13. ticiple. ^ One word. ^ Use Si/tot6s. Digitized by Microsoft® no GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION though^ somewhat^ stern to look upon.^ 14. While the lines* were advancing,* one of the hoplites came into sight wearing a cavalry helmet. Exercise LXXXII. [Anab. i. 8. 10, 11.] For Oral Translation. — i. It is not possible to endure^ the shouts of the Persians. 2. They were able to shout ^ so that everybody might hear.^ 3. We, however, must go ^ in silence and quietly. 4. Have you seen the so-called* scythe-bearing chariots .■" 5. The scythes extend from the axles to cut^ in pieces the ranks of the Greeks. 6. If they fall-in-with ^^ any Greeks,^^ they will cut them to pieces. 7. Driving ^ so many chariots in front of the army is no ^^ easy (matter).^* 8. Nobody will wish to deceive ^^ the enemy unless he is himself deceived. 9. Cyrus ^^ has many pretexts for raising " armies. 10. He collected an army to besiege ^^ Miletus before his brother heard of it.'' II. Those nations would not be able^" to advance ^^ with- out noise. 12. They went slowly in order to march ^^ with even step. 13. In this (matter),^* however, they seem to have been deceived.^^ 14. Whenever the chariots drive ^ against the foe, there is nothing to prevent^ the scythes striking '^ them. 1 Sc. ieini^, 159. 7. « IS9- 5- "151; 59- 2 Tt, 50. 10 119. " us and future partic. 8149. «94. 159. 5- 4 160. »*I4S; : 146. "130; 154- 5146. »Mi. 20 106. •132; 154- 1* Omit. " 148. ' Recast, 146. '' 147- ^ 128. IIL 8156. "83. ^ 153. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION iii Exercise LXXXIII. [Anab. i. 8. 4-11.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 144-154. Written Exercise Before I say 1 anything more about Cyrus's expedition against his brother, I want to tell ^ you how the troops were arranged ^ when the king* held* a review before Sardis. At about (the time of) ^ full market he sent messengers at full speed to all the commanders to say in Persian, " The king wishes you to assemble ^ in ^ the park prepared for battle. "^ " Immediately there was great confusion. For on account of the nearness of the enemy ^ the soldiers feared that there would be^ a battle at once. Accordingly they put on ^^ their breastplates, leaped upon their horses, and seiz- ing i" their javelins ran in great haste to take" their places. Persian cavalry are said to have been stationed ^^ on the right wing, while ^^ the so-called " Greek peltast force was posted on the left. The king ordered his own six thousand to hold 2 the center. They were tall men, and handsome to look upon.^^ They were armed with golden breastplates and bronze helmets, and rode on^® horses with" bronze thigh-pieces. Besides (these) ^ there were about two hundred chariots armed ^* with scythes, which the enemy feared as likely to cut through^ the ranks. But before the chariots began ^ to advance, the leaders gave orders to prevent ^ their 1I30. ' Cp. LXXVIII. s- i»«^. *I47. ' Recast : on account of the M 156. '143- the enemy to be near. w 149. *l6o. »ii3. M Rode on : were car- «Omit. M 159. I- ried by. *e&. »i ISO. 1^148. >' Having, 159. 8, Digitized by Microsoft® 112 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION advance.^ In fear ^ the enemy immediately stopped going forward 3 and evidently gave* up the idea of fighting^ on that day. Exercise LXXXIV. [Anab. i. 8. I2, 13.] For Oral Translation. — i. Clearchus is leading his force against the Persian ^ center. 2. He says that he is lead- ing ^ against their right. 3. As he goes,^ he sees the crowded mass in the center.^ 4. Cyrus, while this ^ was going on,^ was outside the Greek left. 5. The enemy say that Cyrus's men are "^ outside the left wing. 6. If they should conquer i" this, all would be accomplished. 7. For the king says that he is^ superior in numbers.^^ 8. Clearchus is not willing to withdraw ^^ his force from the river. 9. For he said that the king was' there. 10. Are you willing to advance ^^ slowly ? 1 1. I will not withdraw the wing until you say^^ that you will come.' 12. But the interpreter's horse refused ^* to go, because he saw ^ so many chariots ad- vancing.^^ 13. As they listened ^^ they saw Cyrus leading ^^ his army against the center. 14. He was handsome to look upon ^^ and seemed able to make ^' his men obedient.^^ Exercise LXXXV. [Anab. i. 8. 14, 15, 16.] For Oral Translation. — i. I fear that we shall be sur- rounded,^^ if Cyrus does that. 2. He says that the Greek ^ T&eir- advance: them to '' 135; 137; 139; I40. i' 129. advance, I S3. ^ Metaphrase : Going '^'^ Refused: notwished. * 1S9' 2. he sees the middle mass '^ 159. 8. * 164. (1S9-8). ^ To look upon: to ht * Evidently gave: were evi- '160. seen, dent giving. 10 120. " 149. 6 Cp. LXXVII. 5. u 89. w 156. ^ Persian : of the Persians. 1^147. "113; II9. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 113 force is riding by.^ 3. They said that Xenophon came near^ to ask^ something. 4. Some^ are forming, while others^ are still coming up. 5. Those who * are still coming up * will form in the same place. 6. While Xenophon* was saying * this, Cyrus heard the watchword passing * along. 7. Clearchus told him what the watchword was.'' 8. Be- fore he asked ^ this, Xenophon began to reply .^ 9. Cyrus happened to be present^" when he sacrificed.* 10. He said that the watchword was already passing ^ through the ranks. 11. An Athenian youth happened to be^" with the army. 12. Cyrus stopped surveying " (the field)^^ when Xenophon approached. 13. He reined in (his horse) ^^ so as to listen.^ 14. Clearchus said that the omens were^ favorable. Exercise LXXXVI. [Anab. i. 8. 17, 18, 19.] For Oral Translation. — i. Cyrus said that he accepted ^ that watchword. 2. He will wonder who gives ^ it out, if he hears it. 3. After saying ^^ that, they began to ride off ^ to their own positions.^* 4. The two leaders 1* are ^* now two or three stades ^^ apart.^* 5. When Cyrus gives-the-order, charge to meet" the foc^^ 6. While they* were ad vane- ing,* a part of the phalanx fell behind.^^ 7. Whenever they began 20 to go^ on the run, all began-to-sing-the- paean.2i 8. It is said that all beat^ their shields 22 against 1 139; 140. » 148. " S'' 2 150 or 159. S- ^ l6S' " Use dirios, as in text. 8 Cp. IV. 3. " 164. ^ 92. *37; '57' 12 Omit. "^^ Was left behind. 6 160. l» 159. I. ^ 128. II. *I59. 8. i*/»oj?ft"o«i, use the singular. 21 jmpf. 7 143. 16 The text has the dual, but 22 ^eat with their shields • 154. the plural may be used. against their spars. GL. GK. PR. COMP. — 8 Digitized by Microsoft® 114 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION their spears.^ 9. Before the barbarians turned,^ the Greeks began to flee. 10. If you should flee^ at full speed, the enemy would never catch you. 11. They said that somebody caused* panic among ^ the horsemen. 12. But they did not, as it happened,® frighten all the horses. 13. I never wish to see' a shield better than this (one).' 14. Even if you wish,^ you never will see (one).* Exercise LXXXVII. [Anab. i. 8. 12-19.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 135-137, 139, 140. Written Exercise. — As Cyrus was riding along i" with some of the Greeks, he chanced to see ^^ Pigres, his inter- preter, leading a part ^ of the army. Immediately he said to Clearchus that the king was* outside the left wing^^ with all his cavalry. He said also that he feared * that the king's men were superior^* in number ^^ to the Greeks,^^ though 1' the king^' himself was not able^' to inspire^' obedience ^^ in his troops ; moreover, the soldiers of the enemy were shouting 2" with all their might, to cause ^ panic in "^ the Greek army. To this Clearchus replied that he heard* a noise ^ going ^ through the enemy's ranks and it seemed* to be a watchword. "If 2* that is so,^*" said Cyrus, "we ' Beat with their shields 8 Omit w 160; 162. against their spears. »II9. "148. M54. »» 159. 8. »i45; 147- 8 120. » 165, *» What tense in the M39; 140. 12 rf. direct form ? ^ Caused among : made " 77. ^ (is and fut. partic. to. 1* 113. 22 In .- to. * Recast, 165. 16 89. 2S Cp. LXXXV. 6. '147- 1' Not a dative, 71. 2*160. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 115 must ^ all shout ^ as we do ^ to Enyalius and then sound * the paean and start against the foe. Whenever the two armies are^ four stades apart, let us beat* our spears ^ and shields * (together) * and make a loud noise. But let us not begin the paean until the enemy are ^ in plain sight." On hearing that, Clearchus said that it seemed® to him to be a good (idea),* and he would form® the Greek force at once. Exercise LXXXVIII. [Anab. i. 8. 20, 21.J For Oral Translation. — i . Cyrus was pleased when he saw ' that the Greeks were pursuing ^ the enemy. 2. For he did not know what the king would do.^ 3. He did not think that his brother would fight. ^^ 4. Whenever the chariots rushed^ through the lines, the men opened ranks. 5. They said that not a man of all the Greeks suffered i" any (harm).* 6. In this battle one of the hoplites was hit with an arrow. 7. Those about Cyrus already saluted him as king. 8. But Menon watches-to-see what the others will do.^ 9. For he knows that Clearchus ^ holds ^ the right wing. 10. And he hears that the king's men^ are superior^ to us" in numbers." 11. We think that we shall suffer 1" some harm.^ 12. It was said that a man was run down ^* by the chariots.^* 13. If you are frightened,^* you will be overtaken. 14. But as it chanced,^® not even that man came to harm. 1 Metaphrase ; It is 6130, 1* Some harm : something: necessary us all having 6139; 140. W140. shouted what vie shout , . . 1 159. I. 1*76. to sound the paean. ' 166 ; 141. M119. 2 128. II. »i43- IS Recast : £ut not even » Cp. LXXXVI. 8. 1° 138 ; Hi- that happened having suf- * Omit. ll Cp. LXXXIV. 7. fered noihingi Digitized by Microsoft® ii6 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise LXXXIX. [Anab. i. 8. 22, 23.] For Oral Translation. — i. He says ^ that you hold ^ the Greek center. 2. But we know that Cyrus himself com- mands^ it.* 3. I knew that I was^ faithful to the king. 4. Leaders are safest when they hold ^ the center of their own (troops).^ 5. He says that if their force is' on both sides of them, the leaders are ' safe. 6. He said that the leaders would be' safe if their force should be' on both sides of them. 7. If they ever desire to give an order,^ the army hears it in half the time.^ 8. Xenophon said^" that if they ever desired to give an order, the army heard it in half the time. 9. We know that the king is ^ outside our left wing.^^ 10. But he is wheeling about with-a-view- to-surrounding ^2 (us).^ 11. He declares that if nobody fights ' him he will wheel-about for a flank-movement.^^ 12. I think that the king is^^ now in safety. 13. He wishes to know ^* whether you are ^^ able to command ^^ the wing.* 14. So that if we are in safety, whom need^' we fear ? Exercise XC. [Anab. i. 8. 20-23.] Study carefully the examples under the Summary of Grammar, 138, 141-143, 166. Written Exercise. — When the deserters^ from the king's army came to us by night,^^ they told us^ that the > Use (priitt. « G. 1 194. w 138. * 139. ^ Use either X^u or ^Tjjuf, "147. * 166. but notice that this sentence '^ 143. * 64. is an indirect quotation of 18 j^g, * 128. II. the preceding. " 132. Recast theclanse, 8 Omit. 11 77. 18 157. ' 142. "" ^ See the idiom of text m 67. * To order something. (§ 23). 20 yg_ Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 117 Persians^ had^ many war-chariots which ^ they used* in all their battles. They said also that some ^ were^ (those)® of the enemy, captured '^ while rushing ^ through the ranks without^ drivers, others^ the Cilician king had given ^ them 1" while they ^ were marching ^ through his province. The Persians evidently ^^ thought ^^ that the Greeks would be startled ^ at the sight of ^ so many chariots, for in another battle, you remember,^* they were frightened, though ^^ they received ^^ not a bit of harm.^® They knew, too, that light- armed troops are easily frightened ^^ by men ^'^ who pursue ^^ at full speed on horseback. If you think that Cyrus was pleased ^^ by what ^* the deserters reported,* you are mis- taken. When he saw that the king's men were watching-to- see ^^ what he would do,^^ knowing ^ that the Persian cen- ter was^^ stronger than his own, he decided ^^ to send^ half his force against the king's right, and to order ^ the rest to wait ^ outside the left wing until they should hear ^ the watchword ^^ going through the ranks. Then if the king should wheel-about ^^ for a flank-movement, he would speedily be surrounded on both sides. not '83. 16 159. 7 ; 162. "137; HI- w Received not a bit of harm «86. even suffered nothing, 172. * 142. " 157. ' 27. W90; 42. « Omit. " 143- '156. =» 159. 2. 8 159. 8. *l It seemed best to him. ^ Deprived of, b^. S2146. 10 79. =»I47. 11 166. M129. 1=138; 139. «64. w At the sight of: seeing. !»I20. i*5i}. Digitized by Microsoft® Ii8 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION Exercise XCI. [Anab. i. 8. 24, 2$, 26.] For Oral Translation. — i. Cyrus feared that the king would get ^ in his rear. 2. We must turn^ the six thou- sand in flight. 3. The Greek force must be cut in pieces.^ 4. If the king wheels-round,^ he will cut us in pieces. 5. He will not attack those who are victorious.* 6. A few must be left behind ^ to guard ^ the camp. 7. If the king should see ® us pursuing,^ he would not stand it. 8. But if he thinks he cannot ^ stand ^ this, let him propose ^^ some- thing else. 9. If he sees ^ his brother, he will rush at him. 10. Ctesias said that Cyrus wounded ^^ the king through his breastplate. 11. I myself know that Ctesias cured ^ him. 1 2. Because of their eagerness ■'^ to pursue,^ nobody at all ^* was left with the king. 13. We must pursue^ rapidly, in order not to be left behind. 14. If Cyrus had not rushed ^^ upon his brother, he would not have been cut to pieces. Exercise XCII. [Anab. i. 8. 27, 28, 29.] For Oral Translation. — i. As the six hundred ^^ had started ^^ in pursuit, Cyrus was left behind. 2. As he rushed 1^ upon his brother, he was struck by a javelin. 3. As the two brothers 1^ were lighting,!^ Ctesias chanced to be present. ^^ 4. He was always with the king when he was fighting.is 5. It is said that Cyrus and his bravest leaders perished.^* 6. I cannot tell you how many fell 21 in- 1 Gei: become, 113. ' 159. 8. 12 i65_ is i5j_ 2 168 ; 169. 8 138. 18 151. 19 128. II., but °ii9- '148. "172. cp. 159. 8. * 157- 1° Use o-u/i/SouXelJw, l* 118. 20129,140. ^ Use SusTt. icx). 16 i6o. 21 143. ° I20- " 139 ; I4I. " 159. 1. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 119 def ense-of ^ Cyrus. 7. One man drew his sword ^ and slew himself upon Cyrus.^ 8. We know that the king ordered* him to do this. 9. We^ all must honor ^ Artapates for his fidelity. 10. For (it was)''^ he (who),' when he saw^ that Cyrus was dying,* leaped from his horse to fight * for ^ him. II. I have heard that the Persian nobles wear*-^ bracelets and necklaces. 12. Do you know whether the king also honored ® his friends for their fidelity .' 13. When the king saw ^ that Cyrus's men were pursuing,* he shouted "We® must pursue.® We® must lead® against the men, before they escape.-"'" Exercise XCIII. [Anab. i. 8. 24-29.] Written Exercise. — It is said that the most faithful of Cyrus's followers ^^ was ^ Artapates, one of the so-called ^^ chamberlains. When Cyrus halted before the center 1* of the army, fearing 1® that the king would attack^® before the Greeks should be formed ^^ for battle, Artapates rode for- ward ^ and said, "Cyrus, we must go® against the right wing first of all. Neither the center nor the left of the king's army has started out for the attack." So we must lead® against the right." " Well,^^ let it be so. Whenever I give ^® the word For- ward march,^ you must all start.® Let every man rush at full speed. Strike the men, wound (them and)'' drive (them)'' to their camp. Unless ^^ we do this, not-a-man^a 1 iwif,. 1 Omit. 18 156. 18 128. III. '■' 159- I- ' IS9- 5- "25. 2° Use ■n-opeio/Jiat. "94. »i43- M 159. 2. " //noi, 171. 4 166. 10 ,30. M 113- 22 Metaphrase : No- 684. 11 TAose about Cyrus. 1' 145- body of us not will be = 169. w 140. 18 dXXii. left. Digitized by Microsoft® I20 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION of us will be left.^ For neither ^ the king nor^ his men will be willing (for)^ us to go away* victorious.^" When the men heard ® this, they charged and fought, and many of them were slain. And that faithful Artapates drew ^ his sword and slew himself upon his dead ^ leader. For he was so faithful that he did not care ' to live * after ^ Cyrus had fallen.^ Exercise XCIV. [Anab. i. Chap, i.] Written Exercise. — When Darius ^ was sick,^ one ^ of his two sons^" was with him,i^ but the other,® the younger, as it chanced, ^^ was away in his province. The king accordingly sent for him, and he arrived before his father died,i^ with i* his friend Tissaphernes ^ and Xenias and three hundred Greek infantry. On the death* of Darius * Artaxerxes became king and immediately arrested Cyrus, thinking ^^ to dishonor i® him ; for he knew that the latter was plotting ^^ against him ^^ in order to be king ^® himself. Cyrus, however, was sent back to his province by his mother, but did not set out until he had disposed ^ many, both Greeks and barbarians, to be '' friendly to him ^i and hostile to the king. 21 On arriving® at his province, he immediately sent to his friends, asking^* them 22 to raise 1 Metaphrase : : Nobody 8160. " 159. 5 ; 162. 0/ as not will be left. '27. >' 166. The direct form "171. 1063. is, " he is plotting." « Omit. 11 Was-with-him, one ^' 94. M47. word. " 159. S or no. 6156. 12 165. ™ 129. • 159. I. w 130. ^^93. '132. " 159. 8. 168. '«64. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 121 armies. To one he said that he wished ^ to besiege Mile- tus, to another that Tissaphernes was plotting ^ against the Ionian cities, to a third (he said) that the Pisidians were causing 1 trouble to his^ province. And whenever he heard 3 that a friend wasi^an exile or hard-pressed^ at home, he would send^ him troops and their® pay, so that when he should be prepared^ they might be at hand,^ willing ^ to fight against the king. In this way five armies were assembled, but the king was not aware that Cyrus had designs i" against him^.H; for whenever the tributes came in^ from the provinces, Cyrus always sent them in to the king as if he were^* still friendly. Exercise XCV. [Anab. i. Chap. 2.] Written Exercise. — Not many days ^* after that, Cyrus called together ^^ his generals and told them that he had at last decided ^^ to march inland. " But we must take ^" as a pretext," said he, " that we wish to make an expedition against the Pisidians. For I have heard that they are causing* trouble to my province." So he ordered all his leaders to get together ^^ their armies and meet ^^ him at ^^ Sardis. But^^ it so happened that Tissaphernes found out ^^ about this plot and promptly advised the king to make- * 140. What tense? 'no; 142. 16 jjg, j. 2 33. 9 156. 1' Metaphrase : Al- ' 128. II. 1" Was plotting against, ready it seemed best to * 166. l66; 148, ^z»«, 139; 140. 6 Would send, use the " 94. " Make, 169. impf. I'' Use ylyvo/uu and i' To be present for him ' 59. cp. 128. II. into. ' 142. What would be ^^ 159. 6. i' Recast this sentence the direct form? '* 88. and cp. 165. Digitized by Microsoft® 122 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION counter-preparations. Cyrus, however, before the king heard of ^ his expedition, had already crossed ^ the Maean- der, and was marching through Phrygia. When he reached the large city ^ of Celaenae,^ he made a review of all his men in a large park which * the great king had there.* After staying ^ there thirty days ^ he marched on many parasangs ^ to Cayster-plain ; there the soldiers went to Cyrus and demanded their pay, which had been due for three months.^ Cyrus would not have been able ® to pay his men,^ if the Cilician Epyaxa had ^ not by chance ^ ar- rived ^ and given him large sums of ^^ money. This lady was anxious ^^ to see Cyrus's army, as her husband had heard ^^ that it was very large, so that he was afraid ^^ that Cyrus would invade ^* Cilicia. Accordingly Cyrus held a review of his armies both for the sake of pleasing ^^ the queen ^® and also to inspire ^^ in ^'' the barbarians fear of his army. Then they went over^^ the mountains into Cilicia, and Cyrus met the king ^® of the Cilicians, Syennesis, who promised to be ^ faithful to him and gave him many gifts for himself and money for^^ the army. J 13a M 134. ' 159. 1. 1' 132. * The Greek says Celaenae, a large 1* 113. city. w Metaphrase: On account of tkt * Metaphrase : To the king being to please, 151. there. " 80. '51. " To make to. 8 107. M Through. ' 79- " 94- '118. ^ Words of promising and swear- ' 165. ing take the infinitive, generally 1" Large sums of: much. future. 11 Was anxious : wished. ^' cis. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION T23 Exercise XCVI. [Anab. i. Chap. 3.] Written Exercise. — Cyrus was obliged ^ to remain a long time 2 in Tarsus because the soldiers refused ^ to go for- ward. Clearchus evidently* wished* to compel his men to proceed, for he told them in many words ^ how Cyrus had honored^ him and given® him many gifts. When, however, he was not able to persuade the soldiers to go with Cyrus,^ he decided ^ to follow ^ the men wherever they chose ^^ to go. He thought that the other soldiers would commend ^^ him if he should do ^ this, and he was not mistaken in this.^^ For many of them left their leaders before Cyrus learned^* what^^ had happened. He naturally was grieved on hearing ^® it, thinking " that he was being wronged ^^ by Clearchus.^^ For everybody knows that Cyrus was^^ always a good friend to whom- soever he wished to be a friend. However, after hearing from Clearchus^ what he thought ^^ ought ^1 to be done,® the leaders sent men to ask 22 Cyrus for what ^^ he wished ^' to use the army. For they already suspected that he was going ^^ against his brother. Of course they could not ask guides ^ of Cyrus ^ to lead ^ them home ; for in that case ^^ they would be wrecking^ his expedition. And they could never get off ^ without ^^ his knowledge.^ So they decided * to find 1 Recast. 1° 127; 142. w 166. "SI- 11 138; 139. 2»69. * Cp. the expression used in A. i 1.3.U J2 142. 21 143. * Recast (cp. 166). "49. "^ 159. 5- 6 86. " 130. 2853. ' Use the aor, (cp. 143). w 157. s* in. '94. 16 159. I. ^ In that case : so. ' // seemed best to him. " 159. 2. 28 106. »I46. 18 76. «' 165. Digitized by Microsoft® 124 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION out^ whether the undertaking was^ greater than the' former (one),* and either follow^ Cyrus as friends or depart 1 in safety, if that should be possible.* Cyrus replied to those ^ who came^: "I will give you'' all more pay than* you had before, if you will follow^ me wherever I go.^" But you must choose ^^ now whether you are willing ^ to go on or prefer ^ to stay." Exercise XCVII. [Anab. i. Chap. 4.] Written Exercise. — After Cyrus had made ^ the soldiers' these ^ promises, he went-marching-on until he reached '^ the gates between Cilicia and Syria. He thought that he should find 1* the gates guarded ^* by the king's troops, but they had fled, and Cyrus passed into Syria. When he ^^ came ^^ to Myriandus, two of his ^'' best generals took^^ ship and sailed away, thinking ^ to return ^® to Greece. However, Cyrus said that he would not pursue^* them; that nobody might say^ that he used^^ a man while he was ^ with him, but wronged ^^ him if he wished ^ to go away. As Cyrus went on from there, he came to a river, Chalus by name.^^ This was full of tame fish,^ which are said to be considered^ gods^^ by the Syrians. Not many days ^ after this Cyrus called the generals together ^ and told them at last that he wished 1* to kill his brother »I46. ' Sc. w&ai (70; 42), 15 156. '"142. "143. 9 119. 16 160. M49. "70. M 128. III. "85. ^65. * Omit. " 169. ^ Having entered 28148. « 120. ^ Metaphrase : Prom- into, 159. I. iK?. •157. ised these things. " us and 159. 5. 27 88. »79. IS 129. 20 no. M 159, 1 " 138; 139. « 140. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 125 and become king instead of him. The soldiers, however, refused^ to go until Cyrus again promised^ to give^ them greater pay. You have read by what words* Menon persuaded^ his men to cross the river Euphrates before the others decided ® what they were to do.'^ You know, too, that Cyrus was pleased,^ and praised Menon and his men so that they were^ in fine hopes of being honored i" more than the other soldiers. ^^ When this ^ was done,^^ all crossed the river ; not, however, by boats,* for Abrocomas had taken ^^ all that Cyrus 1* had ^ and burned them to keep ^^ Cyrus from crossing.^^ Exercise XCVIIL [Anab. i. Chap. 5.] Written Exercise. — As the expedition^ of Cyrus jour- neyed ^ through Arabia, they captured many of the wild animals which ^^ they found. On arriving at Corsote, they told the inhabitants that it was not possible ^^ to capture ^^ the ostriches, for they ran ^^ very fast, so that the horsemen could ^ not approach them. Some ^^ of the cities along the Euphrates were full of f ood,^ and the soldiers were able to forage. But some^*'^^ had no food, not even fodder for the horses ^ ; so that Cyrus made ^ three days' marches ^ very long, in order to reach food or water. Once, as they were going ^ through a narrow place, two of Cyrus's men were ordered to jump ^^ into the mud and 1 See XCVI. n. 3, f WhaiilwasmceMarytodo. "83. ^i 27. 2 129. 8 166. ^ 156. 22 65. « Fut. infin. » 132. " Recast, no. =3 g2. 4 86. 10 151. *' 42. " Marched. 6,43. 11 yi. M139; 140. 2648. 6 130. M 160, " 146. ^ 159- 8- w 159. 1, *• 132; 142- Digitized by Microsoft® 126 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION help get the wagons out. But Cyrus thought that they were working ^ slowly, so he said, " P must order ^ my nobles to throw off* their crimson cloaks and extricate the wagons." But before the others replied,* it was seen that Glus was rushing^ to the spot, throwing off^ his cloak even as he ran.^ Cyrus was evidently delighted ^ at the sight,^ for he was-in-a-hurry to come uponi" the king^^ unprepared. In another place Clearchus and Menon were very angry with each other ^ because one of the latter's men had been beaten^* by Clearchus. You remember that the men themselves were enraged * and threw stones ^* and other ^* (things) ^ at Clearchus.^^ Cyrus, however, happened to ride up^^ before his best friend was killed,* and made both (parties)^* stop^^ fighting and retire ^^ to their positions. He took care that such (a thing) i* should never happen ^^ again. Exercise XCIX. [Anab. i. Chap. 6.] Written Exercise. — In-the-first-place (there) i* happened to be^' in Cyrus's army a Persian who loved the king much better (than)!* Cyrus.^o If (he had)i* not, he would not have plotted ^i to take i- as many men as possible ^2 and de- sert 15 to the enemy. But a letter which he wrote was given, by a man '^ whom Orontas considered faithful, to the very ^ ^ 138; 139- ' Express by a partic. ^ Use fiore and infin. 284. M no. (132). S169. "94. 1»II2. * 159. 1- 1292. soyo. 5 130. 1^ Use the aor. (134). 21 107; 118. ^ Metaphrase : Glus "86. =2 Cp. XI. 9. appeared rtishing. 15 Omit. 2' A man, ris. ' 159. 8- W46. "32- ?j66. " 165. Digitized by Microsoft® GREEK COMPOSITION 127 man whose expedition he was trying to ruin. When Cyrus ^ had read ^ the letter to his most trusty generals — both Greek and Persian — they advised (him) ^ to summon ^ Orontas to * a trial. When all ^ had assembled,^ Cyrus sent for Orontas and told those present ^ that in the first place his® father had given ^ Orontas to him"; but later (at)^ Artaxerxes's ^ bidding,^ the man had made war^ on him with the inhabitants^ of Sardis, but finally had stopped fighting^ and had given' and received' pledges. Then in the hearing 1° of all he asked Orontas if he had not revolted ^^ to the Mysians, and, though not at all wronged ^ by Cyrus, was detected ^^ a second and a third time plot- ting ^ against him. Orontas admitted all this, and when Cyrus bade the gen- erals express their opinions, all advised putting * him out of the way as soon as possible. " If you assent 1* to this opinion," said Cyrus to the relatives of Orontas who were present,^^ "you must rise^® and seize ^' the man by the girdle.^" " Then all rose, for they knew that Orontas, though '2 a Persian noble, was^' worthy of death.^" But nobody knows where or how he died.^^ Exercise C. [Anab. i. Chap. 7. J Written Exercise. — After Cyrus and his army had marched for three days,^^ they halted again, and a review of 1 160. « 34. 15 156. 2 Omit. » 164. " 159. 1. » 148 (cp. 48). " Recast, 160. " 169. * ets. ^ 143- " 64. 6 157, J" 159. 7 ; 162. W 166. • e 14. 18 Was evident plotting. ^ 66. ' Use the aor., 139; 140. "119. '^^ 51. Digitized by Microsoft® 128 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION the entire * army took place. Although some ^ of the gen- erals objected,^ Cyrus* thought best^ to hold* the review at midnight, for the king was likely to appear on the follow- ing morning. After the review Cyrus heard from de- serters^ that the king was® already very near and pre- pared ^ for battle. " What shall I do ^ ? " said Cyrus. " What can be better than to call together all ^ my Greeks and plan how I shall conduct^ the battle .' " So immediately he assembled ^^ the Greek leaders and told them that he considered ® them more valuable ^^ than inany Persians.^^ He told them also into what sort of a contest they were going,® and what sort of men they would find® the barbarians to be.^^ He promised them i* that he would give ^^ them ^* everything which they wished,^® if his plans ^'^ succeeded.-'® And when one^^ of the men ex- pressed^^ a fear that Cyrus would not remember ^® when the danger ^^ was past,^^ he promised to make ^^ his friends — if they were ^ faithful — masters of all ^ the province ^^ of his brother. Cyrus knew that his brother would fight,^^ and was, glad to hear ^2 before the battle how many troops the king^ really had.® It seemed best to advance with his army^ drawn up/ and he went on until he came ^ to the great trench which the king had made. Ten days, however, elapsed before the king's troops appeared,^ and many of 1-26. 8 IQ4. M 79. 20 159. 6. 2 i6o; 162. » 143- " 141- 21 60. 3 To Cyrus it seemed. 1" 159. I. ^^ 142. 22 159. 2. 4 146. " Worthy of more, " Metaphrase: The 23 83. '69. 66. of himself. 2* H [ 6 139; 14a 12 70. 18 160. 26129. '156. Wl66. i»ii3. Digitized by Microsoft® 26 130. li\ GREEK COMPOSITION 129 Cyrus's friends said, " The king has given up the idea of iighting.i" And some even marched carelessly, carrying^ their arms on the wagons. Exercise CI. [Anab. i. Chap. 8.] Written Exercise. — As the Greeks were marching along in disorder, they heard a noise ^ in the plain and saw a Persian horseman riding at full speed and shouting that the king was coming* to fight.^ "I hope^ they will not fall upon^ us^ until we are^ in battle-line," said Clearchus, and in® great haste ordered the hoplites to take their places. The Greeks were thoroughly frightened, but it was afternoon before the enemy came ^* near enough to be seen. Menon wondered whether ^^ Tissaphernes commanded the cavalry^ as he was said (to do),^ but soon they saw that he was leading ^^ the left wing. Next to the cavalry^ they saw the Egyptian hoplites with^* their long wooden shields, and other nations, each in a solid square. In front of all were those ^^ formidable war-chariots, which would cut-to- pieces^^ whole battalions, both men and horses, if they chanced to meet them.^ Clearchus was afraid that the Greek line would be sur- rounded ^'^ by the king's forces, so he did not obey Cyrus ^* when he bade^* him lead against the enemy's center. 1 Cp. LXXVII. 5- '94- I8166. 2 ISS. 8. 8 129. " 159. 8. 864. » With. " Use the article. *I39; 140. M Were (130) so near w 120. * 159. S- as to be seen (154). " 113. •10& 11 If, 125, 12 Omit. 18 80. GL. GK . PR. COMP. — 9 Digitized by Microsoft® I30 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION That^ is the real reason why^ Cyrus was defeated and killed ; for when his Greeks ^ had turned ^ the king's men in flight and started out in-pursuit,^ Cyrus, knowing that the king in-person* commanded^ the center^ of the Per- sians, rushed at once to find' him. Then, as only-a-few* of his six hundred were left'' about him, a Persian was able to wound him with a javelin, and he was slain, though the bravest ^ of his men leaped ^ from their horses (and) ^^ fought ^ bravely for him. ' Metaphrase : On account * For the to pursue. ' 1 10. of this in-the-being Cyrus * AirSs, * One wori having been defeated. ^ 1 66. ' 159. i. * 160. • 64. 1° Omit. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® ABBREVIATIONS ace accusative. act active. adj adjective. adv adverb. aor aorist. conj conjunction. cp compare. dat dative. equiv equivalent. etc eiceiera,B.ndsoon. fut future. i.e id est, that is. impf. .... imperfect. indie indicative. infin infinitive. Lat Latin. mid middle. 11., N note. obj objective. opt optative. partic participle. pass passive. pf. perfect. plpf. .... pluperfect. pi., plur. . . . plural. prep preposition. pres present. pron pronoun. sc scilicet, used when a word not in the text is to be sup- plied. sing. .... singular. sub] f subjective. I subjunctive. 2 aor. .... second aorist. 2 pf. .... second perfect. Digitized bylVflbrosoft® VOCABULARY abandon, iK-XcCiru (XeCtJ/u, X^Xoiira, \{X€i|jL)i.ai, IXe(4>8i]v, eXiitov). able, iKav6$, i\, 6v ; be — , Sivapiai., Suv S^SoC'O'i, cSE£d)i.iiv, S4SEY|''a'i') ^S^x^'H"- accomplish, iroUu. accordingly, oiiv. account (on — of), ?veKa with gen. accrue, ■yC-yvopioi, yivf\ero\i,ai, l7€vd- (iriv, YC7^vT)|i.ai, yiyova. accuse falsely, Sia-PdXXu (^aXu, e|3aXov, P^pXriKa, ^cpXrujiai, ipX'fj- 6nv). acquainted (become — with), oPoi)|iai, opyjiro|i.ai, etc. after, [lerd with ace. afternoon, SeCXi], i\. afterwards, virTepov, (lerd ravra, again, irdXiv. against, irpds, «ir£, or ^Is, with ace. ; plot — , liriPovXcvu. agree to, •irpo, e6t)Ka and 'i6(\i(v, T^OeiKa, T^6Ei|iai, kri- Oiiv). aid, a^eXiio, u(|>eX'^, IcEo-u, c(aa-a, ctaKa, c(a|iai, cla6T]v. ally, o-il)i,|iaxos, 6. along, irapd with ace. ; take — , Xa)ipdv(D, Xyj<|ro|j.ai, EXa^ov, E{XT|<|>a, ctXT||i,)i,ai, eX^(|>6i]v. already, riSt]. 133 Digitized by Microsoft® 134 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION also, KaC. although, KaCircp with concessive partic. always, ocC. ambush (lie in), IveSpevco, IveSpev- o-o|iai, cv^Spevira, evr)8pcii6r]v. among, ev. anchor (be at), 6pf.iia. and, Ka(, 8e. angry (be), opYl^oiiai, opYiov|iai, etc. ; xoXeiraCvw, xa'^^'Tavw, i\ci- \^T|va, exoXsirdvOTiv. animal, Oi]pCov, t6. announce, d'Y7^\X kVxiKa, Eo-XT||JLai, e'crxov) ; — from, Xop's and gen. Apollo, 'AirdXXwv, (ovos. apparently, cos, as, and partic. or phrase. appear, mid. of <|>aCv(i>, ({>av(l>, c<|>T]va, iri^T\va and ireifia'YKa, ir^<|>adv6T|v and i^avr\v. appoint, iroUa, iroi'/icrii), etc. approach, ircXd^o), irEXdcru or ^cXu, eiriXcura, £ireXd(r6r)v. apt (more — to), |j.d\Xov, Arabia, 'ApapCa, t|. Arcadian, *ApKds, dSos, 6. Aristippus, 'ApCo-riinros, 6. arm one's self, oirXC^o^ai, uir\i(rdp.T|v, uirXi(r|i.ai, irXto-6nv. armor (put on full), l|-oirX(^op.ai. arms, birXa, rd ; stand or rest under — , rCSEpiai rd WXa. army, o-Tpand, o'TpdTcu|ji,a. arrange, rdTTw, rd^a), 'ira^a, T^axa, TeT07|ioi, IrdxOilv. array, rdTTw ; in battle — , in full — , o-vvTeTa^ii^vos. arrest, irvX-Xap,pdv(ii (X^t|/o|iai, e(XT](|>a, etXr||ji|jiai, IXtji|>6t|v, cXa- Pov). arrive, d<|>-iKvlo|jLai (i|o|i,ai, I-yiiai, iK6|i1]v). arrow, rd^cvp^a, (laros, to. Artagerses, 'ApTa7«po-T|s, ou. Artapates, 'ApTttiroTus, ov. Artaxerxes, 'Apro^^plns, on. as, is, OTi ; often expressed by an appositive ; — ... — possible, us or <)Ti with superlative ; — follows, cSSe, rdSe, TOidSc ; — well — any- body else, us Tis Kal aXXos. ashamed (be), oto-x«vop.ai, alcrxv- vov)i,ai., TJcrxiivBi|v. ask, mid. of 8^a>, Se^ctu, etc., with gen. ; — for, alria, atrifia-a), etc. ass, ovos, o. assemble, d6po(^u, dSpoCira), etc. assembly, ekkXijo-IcL, t|. assent, trpoa--Tl9i\\i.i {9i\, eOriKa and c6e)i.ev, TE'SciKa, T^Scipai, M9r\v), assume command, (rTpoTT)7^w, o-rpo- rry^f\(rai, etc. at, ev ; with verbs of motion, eis or irpds; — all (nobody), ou8e(s ; — any rate, ovv ; — first, irpoiTOV ; — - full speed, dvd Kpdros ; — hand (be), 7rdp-Eip.i ; — home, ot- Koi ; — last, iJSt), t^Xos ; — once, «4Bvs ; — war (be), iroXc|ji4u. Athenian, *A6T]votos, 6. attack, €iri-T(6E|i,ai (6^(ro)iai., r^flei- p,ai, €T^6nv, IScp.'nv). attempt, ireipdop.ai, ireipdirop.ai, It«i- pa tov voOv, Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY 135 avowedly, is. aware (be), atcredvo|jiai, alo-6^a-o- (lat, 'g'o-6i)|tai, ijo-Bbii'ijv. ax, a|ivT), t|. axle, a|ciiv, ovos, 6. Babylon, Ba^vXiiv, uvos, r\. back again, irdXiv ; bring — , koB- t(rT1)(l,l, KttTa-CTT'/io-tD, KaT-60-TT] (PaXdi, p^p\i]Ka, PepXijitai, ipxyjeriv, e^aXov). barbarian, pdpPopos ; adj., PapPa- piKiSs. bare, bared, <|>i,Xs, ^. battle, (i^X'ni; ^ — array, in — line, crvvTeTa-yfievos. be, tl[il, 7C7vo|jiai ; with advs. ex" ; — able, — afraid, angry, anxious, apart, ashamed, at hand, at war, aware, delighted, discouraged, displeased, distant, drawn up, due, enraged, grateful, grieved, ill, in the wrong, likely, made of, mistaken, necessary, obliged, of good cheer, off, on, on guard, pleased, present, related, sick, situated, stationed, sure, trou- bled, vexed, victorious, with, see under able, afraid, angry, etc. bear, <|>cpu, olo-o), T)VE7Ka, Iv^voxa, ivf]vey\>,ai, T\vi\@i[v, iJvcykov. beast, 6r)pCov, to. beat, pound, ioviria, Soinr^jo-*), etc. ; be beaten, defeated, T|TTdo|i,ai, ^TTa(vo|i,ai, (|>av£pos or SfjXos 7C7V0|i,ai ; — jealous, (|>t\oTi;p,^o- |jiai, 'tjo-op.ai, etc. before, irpd ; irpdrcpos, irpdrepov, TTptv ; — then, irpdrcpov, irp6 (\c[t|/ci>, \4\oiira, \^Xcip,p.ai, l\cl(|>6i)v, ^i- irov). belong, EtftC. beloved, (j>(Xos. besides, TrpocrcTi. besiege, iroXiopK^u, 7ro\iopK'f|(r(i>, etc. best (adv.), apio-ra, KdWio-ra ; seem — , SoKEu, Sd^d), €So|a, S^So7p,ai, iS6\6rfv. better, KpfCrriov ; adv., (jiaWov ; get the — of, ircpi7C7vop,ai, 7ev^i-X47civ Ti. bitter, x<>'^ci''6s. blockade, iroXiopK^oi, iroXiopK'^a-ii), etc. blpWj o-oXirC^tti, co-dXiri7^a; irXn'yfi, ij. Digitized by Microsoft® 136 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION board (on), itrl and gen. ; with mo- tion, €ls. boat, irXoiov, t6. border-town, irdXis kaT^pci> ; on — sides, kKaripioiTt, cKaT^puSev. boy, irais, iraiSds, o. bracelet, \|/^Xiov, t6. brave, d-yaSds. bravely, d-yaBus. breastplate, 6c6pa|, StipSKos, 6. bridge, •ye'<|>vpa, t|. bring, aya, a|w, TJxa, ^vnai, ^\6r\v, ■iJYa-yov ; — back, Kae-to-Ti)(ii ((rTT|ira>, eo-TT|(ro, etc.) ; — with = come having, bronze, xoXkovs, f), ovv. brother, dSe\4>6s, 6. build, olKoSojieu, oiKoSo|i'/jir0|jiai, e{XT|<|>a, etXTi|X)i,ai, IX^i|>6t|v, eXaPov. care, PovXop.ai, c6^(i> ; take — , Itn- )i.cX^o|jiai. (|j.cX^a'0|iai, etc.). carelessly, t||ji6Xt||Uvo)s. carriage, dp|i,d|i,a|a, r]s. carry, ava, ogo>, ^x*- f^y^uu, i]xfliiv, rj'ya'YOv. castle, Paa, c(XT|)ji)iai, IX^(j>6i]v, cXaPov. cause, iroUo), iroiVjo-w, etc. ; irap-^ci> (i^(0 and (Tx^crw, eo-xiKO, c(rxr)|i.at, eirxov) . cavalry, lirireis, 01 ; adj., iirmKii. cave, dvTpov, t6. Cayster plain, KoiJo-rpov ireSCov. cease, mid. of iraia, irauru, etc. Celaenae, KeXaivaC, at. celebrate with sacrifice, Sva. center, \iA, (8C(ii|a, Sc8(xa, I8lc4x6iv. Chersonese, Xcpp6vT)5, t|. city, irdXis, irdXcus, t|. Clearchus, KX^apxo$, 6. cliffy ir^ToS, Ti. Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY 137 cloak, KdvSvs, vos, o, cold, x«>|i'<^v, xctiiuvos, 6, collect, dSpol^o), d6po(,l%a>, vojjiica, Iv6|i,ura, etc. contain, 'e^^a, i^a and (tx^ctid, cVxilKa, ecrxi)|iLai, ?, cirpa|a, irlirpaxa or ir«irpaYa, vi- irpa7|j,ai, lirp^x^T'). with dat. Corsot6, Kopa-uT^, r\. counterpreparations (make), dvri- irapa-(rKcvd^O|iai. country, x^P''- course (of), hi\. coward, cowardly, KaK6s. crimson, (|>oivikoOs, ff, ovv, crisis (at this), Ik tovtwv. cross, Sia-PaCvo«s, t6. crown, (rTii|>avos, 6. cry, cries, KpavY^, t|. Ctesias, ETi|(r(as, ov. cure, idofiai, tdcropiai., iaird|ir)v, taST|v. cut through, Sio-koittu (Koilfu, «Koi|/a, K^KO(|>a, K^KO|i|i,ai, iKoirqv); — to pieces, KaTa-Kdirrw, Cydnus, KvSvos, 6. Cyrus, Evpos, 6. Dana, Adva, rd. danger, kCvSvvos, i. Dardas, AdpSas, aros, 6. Darius, Aapeilos, 6. dawn, ^(ds, io), t|. day, T||i.4pa, ^ ; — 's march, o-toO- (lis, 6. dead, teSvijkcSs, partic. of Bvtfo-Ku, die. deal (a great), iroXvs, iroXX'^j, iroXi. dear, (|>CXos. death, Odvaros, 6 ; put to — , diro- KTcCvo) (kT£V«, CKTClVa, CKTOVa, SKTOvov) ; stone to — , Kara-irc- Tpdu (lir€TpiS6'i)v), Digitized by Microsoft® 138 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION deceive, i)'ciSii), \|rEv ^^£<'> ^^la, Xe\EYK°'i'> deem, vofi.it,a, vofiiu, kv6\Lura, etc. deep, paSvs ; four — , lirl rerrapav. defeated (be), T|TTdo(iai, tiTTifjo-oiiai, etc. defense, epvfia, aros, t6 ; in — of, \mip and gen. delay, 8ia-Tpfpio (Tpt«|/(i>, cTpi\|>a, t^ Tpi,()>a, T4TpI|Jl(Jiai, 4TpCpT]v). delegate, aipercis, 6. deliberate, mid. of povXfvu, pov- Xevo-ci), etc. deligbted (be), 1)80)1,01., T\(r6i\, d^iuo-u, etc. ; dir- airecD, atr^crw, etc. ; — additional, Trpoc-aiTCO). depart, dir-ci|U, dir-ep\o|xai. deprive, a-Tipia, o-Tcp^o-w, etc. descend, Kara-PaCvto (Prjo'oiJ.ai, Pc- Pi]Ka, P^pajiai, ipdB-qv, cPtjv). desert, irpo-S(S(0|jii (Suo-u, eSuku and 6So|i.ev, S^SuKa, S4So|jLai, IS66t)v) ; aiTO)j.oX€a>, avTOfjioX^o'O), etc. deserted, 'epir)|j;os. deserter, airdpioXos, 6. designs (have — against), ivi-Pov- \iiu>, eiri-PouX€vo-, etc. dismount, Kara-PaCva (P^(ro|xai, pi- Pi)Ka, PcPapiai, «pd6T|v, ePtjv). disorder (in), araKTog. dispatch, lirio-roX^, t|. displeased (be), ax6op,ai, dx6^(ra|j,ai., i\\9ii-X^7(i> (\i^a, i\i(,a,, Xe- XcYpiai, IXex0i]v) ; have a bit of a — , dp.(|>i-X4Y(>> Ti. distant (be), dir-^x'" (d()>-4|(D and diro-o-x^o-pos, T|. do, iToUa, iroi'/)(ru, etc. ; irpSETTw, irpa|, cirpa|a, ir^^paxd and ite- irpaYa, ir^irpaY|jiai, lirpaxB'nv ; — harm or ill, kokus or KaKd inUa ; — wrong, dSiK^cD, dStK'fjo-ii), etc. Dolopians, AoXoirEs, 01. down (go), Ka6-'^K(i>, Ka6^|. draw, crudco, o"irdo-«, €0"ira(ra, EcriraKa, co-irao-iiai, effirdo-OTjv ; -^ near, irXTjind^cii, irXT^o'ido'ci), evc; — up, rdTTd), ralga, cTa|a, T^Taxi, TCTaY(i.ai, erdxStlv and ir6.y<\v. drive, IXavvu, i\a, jjXao-a, IX'^XaKa, IX^Xapiai, T|Xd6i)v ; — out, Ik- pdXXu (PaXu, p^pXT|Ka, p^pXiniai, ipX'^6i)v, E'PaXov). driver, t|v{oxos, 6. due (be), pass, of 6i|>e[X(i>, h^\\i\iTa, u(t>eCXi|cra and u(|»Xov, u(|>E(Xi)Ka, a^tiXi\ii\v, owe. duringj expressed by gen. of time. dust (mass of), Kovioprds, 6, dwell, oIk^u, oIk'^o-u, etc. Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY 139 each, iJKairTos ; — other, d.W'iiXuv. eagerness, to irpo8v|iEt(r6ai. earlier, irpircpos. easily, pi^SCus. easy, p(}Sios. eat, lo-SCci), eSofiai, IS^SoKa, IS^Se- irfMi, r\hiir6r\v, c(f>a70v. effects (most valuable), rd irXelarrov Egyptian, Al^virrios. either, tire, ij. elapse, irap-^pxo|iai (IX'^XvSa, r\\- eov). elder, eldest, itpia-pinpos, xpto-pi- raros. else, oXXos- embark, l)i,-PaCvcv|o|j.ai or cv- |ov|i,ai, -rrliticvYa, eitni^ov); — by stealth, diro-SiSpacTKu (Spa(ro|iai, cSpav, S^SpuKa) ; narrowly — , oXt- yov Setv, escort, ot d|i,i|>C riva, Euphrates, EA4>P^ti)s, ov. even, Ka( ; not — , ov8^ (|J"l84) ; with — step, iv lo-cp. evening, Sfl\i\, t|. ever, ttot^ ; = always, uC. everybody, irdvres. everything, irdvTo. evident, SfjXos ; evidently, 8v7ds, (|>vYdSas, 6. expectations, 7v(i|XT], t|. expedition, aCvu ((|>avr|va, ^^<|>T|va and iri^ayxa, ir^(|>ao-fiai, l<|idv6T)v and €dvi]v), extend, irapa-rcCvco (tcvu, erciva, T^axa, T^o(iai, JrdBiiv). extent, irX{)6os, irX^Oovs, t (X(C\|>(i), X^oiira, X^X€i|i,|iai, IXc((|>6t]v, cXiirov); — ill, aa-Stviu, a,i,-X^Y(i> ti. false (prove), mid. of iJkvSid, ^eiara, Ei|/evira, ct|/€vo-|jiai, i^iiir9r\v, falsely (accuse), Sia-PaXXu (fiaka, P^pXrjKa, P^pXT||iai, ipKifir\v, cPa- Xov). Digitized by Microsoft® 140 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION far, n'jppo). fast, Tox^ws (OSttov, xAx'TTa). favor, im-A,p\a (ap|(D, {jp^a, TJpYiiai, ■npxfliv)- favorable, Ka\6s. fear, <|>6Pos ; in — = fearing ; verb, (|>op^O|j.ai, 4>op'^^- fidelity, iri(rT6Tr]s, (Scpu, cSeipa, 84Sap|jiai, ISdpi)v). flee, ^iyio, Eii$a|i.ai or <|>cv|oi)|j.ai, 74€VYa, c(|>UYov. flesh, Kp^a, rd. flight, cj>v7^, ■q. flow, fiia, pcvEV7(Xas, 6. friendly, evvo'Ckus. friendship, (|>i.XCa. frighten, ^opim, ^^tra, etc.; Ik- irX'iiTTti) (irXljIa), EirXij^a, ir^irXiiYO, ir^XriYjiai, IifX^ytiv, but £|-eirXd- ■YT)v) ; be thoroughly frightened, pass, of Ik-itX'^tto), Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY 141 from, Aird or l|, with gen. front (in — of), irp6 with gen. fugitive, <|>vYds, (|>uYdSo$, 6, ij. fulfill, airo-SCS(i>|ii (Scitro), eSwKa and c8o)i,cv, S^SuKa, S^Sojxai, ISd8i]v). full (in), fvTcX^s ; put on — armor, l$-oirXC£o)iai ; in — array, Iv xfl l^oirXicrCi;!, ; — market, dYopdirX'^- 6ou(ra ; — of, irXvXaK^. gates, 6vpai. gather, dSpoCJoi, dOpoCcru, etc. Gaulites, rovXtriis, 6. gazelle, SopKds, SopKdSos, r\. general, o-TpaTii'yds, 6; in — , t6 gentleman, dvVjp, dvSpdg, 6. get, XajiPdvu, X^i|ro)i,ai, ei!\T|<|ia, tl- Xii|i|j.ai,, IX'^(|>6i]v, eXaPov ; — out, Ik-ko|i(£(i) (KOfjiCira) and KOfiiu, etc.) ; — out of the way, Ik toB fj,^(rov l|-((rTa|iai (a-rffo-ofiai,, etc.) ; get = be, become, yCy"'')'''*'''' 'Y (yv&- (TOiiai, iyvioKO,, iyvairy.ai, i7vii(r6T|v, S7v. glad to hear = hear gladly. gladly, tiS^ios. Glus, rXovs, 6. go, 'cpxo|iai, IX^XvSa, tJXOov; eI|u; — about, 8i.-lpx.o)i.ai ; — away, dir-4pX0|i.ai ; — by, irap-^pxo|jiai ; — down, Kara-PaCvo) (P'fjo-oiiai, pi- 'Pi)Ka, P^Pafiai, ipd6T|v, ePi]v); — down to, KaS-^Ko) (r[^u) ; — for- ward, (lyLi TOv irp6 Pao-iXcvs; — deal, iroXis. greatly, terxSpffls. Qreece, 'EXXds, 'EXXdSos, t|. Greek, "EXX^v, "EXXtivos, 6; adj., 'EXXT|viKvXd|(i), l(f>vXa^a, irci^iXaxa, irEi|>vXdx6Tlv ; guard, <|>vXa|, (|>{IXaKos, 6. guest-friend, $evos, i. guide, T|7C|«4v, (idvos, 4. Digitized by Microsoft® 142 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION half, i]|jLurv5, Eia, v; as noun, t& halt, l(j)-to-Ti](ii ( — on, iv-Tvy\&va. happy, eiSaljjiwv. hard, xaXf'n'os ; be — pressed, passive of vi&fi), TTiia-a, lirUcra, liri^crBriv. harm, Kaxdv ; dSiK^oi, dSiK'^o-u, etc. ; do — to, d8iK€(i>, KaKus ■KoUa; come to — , irdcx" ti. haste (in), otiv o-itou&Q. hasten, cirevSw, cnrcvcft), co'^cuo-a. have, t'x", ^S" and axi\, iir\i\Ka, eirx'HH''*''' 'o'X'"' ! — one's pay, ^ipta ; — confidence, irio-Teviai, iri- OTfivcrw, etc.; — designs against, iiri-pouXciiii) (pov\ev(r(o, etc.), with dat. ; — regard, iiri-|M\^0)jiai and gen. hay, x^pros koBiJ)OS. he, ovTos, 6 8^. head, Kea\^, tj. hear, hear of, dKoiiio, dKov(ro|iai, i]KOV ""^eX-^io-w, etc.; — get out, orvv-EK-KO|i,C£(i) (ko|i,iu, etc.) ; with the — of, 6^pa, t|. high, i<|niX6s ; (hopes), KoXds. hill, \6(|>os, 6. him, avTdv; himself, reflexive, lou- Tov, atiTOv ; intensive, avT6s. hinder, kuXvid, kuXvo-u, etc. hired (be), pass, of iiio-Sou, jii- cr6c&(rw. his, oiiToii, but more commonly ex- pressed by the article. hit (with an arrow), ro^iia, to- Icvo-d), etc. hoard, KaTa-T(6T||ii (O^iru, E6T)Ka and €6«|i,Ev, riiiiKa, TcOciiJiai, «TE6r|v), hold, cx«>, ^?<" and ' iiriruv ; horseman, linrtis, iirir^CDS, 6 ; — tracks, Ix"! (rd) i-nirav. hostile, iroX^iiios. how, irfis, Situs ; — %any, v6aw. however, oZv, pivrou hundred, cKardv. hanger, Xifjids, d. hunt, 6t|pev(d, 6T|pEuir«), {|ioC (iioC), ifU Iconium, 'Ik6vi,ov, t6. idea (give up the), diro-7i,7v(i. if, el with indicative or optative ; lov with subjunctive. ill (do), KaKus or kokoI iroUu ; fall — , he — , aa-Bevia, aa-Ocv^o-u. imitate, |i.i|tlo|iai, |i,i|i,^(ro|j,ai, etc. immediately, tv9vs. in, iv with dat. ; after verbs of mo- tion, ets and ace. ; be — a bad way, KaKus €xs ; — power of, kttl and dat. ; — reality, t§ ovti ; — regard to, irptis and ace. ; — the rear, b'lrio-Oev; — return, dvrt and gen. ; — wait (lie), tve- Zpiia, lvcSpcv(ro|jiai, etc. indeed, 8^. infantry, oirXtrai, 01. inflict, Iiri-Tl9i](i.i (9i\iXoTr|ji^o|iai, (t>iXoTi|i^(ro)i,ai., etc. join = unite, ^ev^vviii, £ev|(i>, ££eu|a, (£EV7|jiai, {£6ix6i)v, and IJi^riv; = go with, (rv|i,-'iropevo|iai (jiopii- o-0)i.ai, etc.); (battle), o-uv-dirToi (&>|(u, i|i|/a, tfiiiiai, i](|>6r|v). journey, 68is, oO, tj; irop(vo|iai, iro- pcv(ro|i,ai, etc. judge, vo|i,(£(i>, vo|»u, Iv6)jiura, etc. jump, etar-irT|Sd {irrfiiia-a, etc.). just, 8^. keep = prevent, kuXvoi, kuX^o-o, etc. ; — guard, ^vKarTia ; — se- cret, Kpiirra; — doing some- thing, expressed by the impf. kill, dirO-KT€(v(i> (kTEVU, CKTdVO, Sk- TOVO, €KTaVOv). kinds (of all), iravrotos ; irovTo8a- irds. king, PacriXcJs, pao-iXiios, o ; be or become — , PaKa, €7V(ii(r|i.ai, (yvd)a, K(KO|i|iai, eK6irT]v). lazily, irxoXaCcos. lead, aya, a|(a, '^^a, '^x°'> 'nYI''°'''> Tix8T]v, ii-yo-vov ; opxw, op|, ^pga, ^p-yfiai, i]px6t|v ; — off, ll-^^u. leader, apxuv, apxovros, 6 ; T]YEp,(&v, TiiiEiiivos, o. leap, £t(r-7n]Siiu (Tn\Zi\(ra, etc.); — down, KaTa-Tn)ScLw. learn, al(r8dvo|iai. ; dKOvu ; ^iyvu- o'KO) ; p.av6dv(o. leave, XcCiru, XcCi)r, X^oiira, X4Xei|i- |i,ai, IXeC(t>6r|v, eXiirov ; — behind, KaTa-XECirii>. left, cv^vvp,os ; — wing, to £4i.Xe'u, <|>i,X'^(ru, etc. likely (be), p,E'XXci>, p.eXX'^o-u, Iji^X- Xr](ra. Une, Ta^is, rdlsiDs, t| ; 4>7& <|>^ Xa^Yos, TJ. listen, dKovco, dKov(rop.ai, iJKOvo'a, dKTJKOa, T]K0ViXc(i>, ^iki^voif etc* lovely, KaXds. Lycaea, rd AvKaio. Lydia, AvSCa, t|. M Maeander, MaCavSpos, o. maintain, Tpi^a, 6p^(|/(i>, c6pe<|/a, ii- Tpo<|>a, T^6pa|i,p,ai, iTpi^6r\v and iTpdi)v. make,iroUo[i.ai ; — light of, irpaus \iy, etc.) ; crvv-oX- XdTTu (dXXd^ci), JiXXala, jjXXaxo, Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY I4S {)\Xa7|i,ai, TJXXAxS'*!'' ^^^ T|\\d- 7r|v) ; — war, iro\c|ii^ti>, voXc|i.^cr(i), etc. ; — way, viro-xup^o (x^rtTw, etc.) ; made of = joined, man, dv^p, &vSp (IXfi, TjXcura, iX^Xaxa, 4X'^Xa|iai, T|Xd6riv) ; — past, irap-cXaivu. market, dYopd, t| ; — men, ol Iv t^ d^op^, oi Ik Tfjs d7opds. marshal, Sia-rdrru (rdlu, Sra^a, T^axo, Tft-a7|i.ai, CTdxOTjv). Marsyas, Mapiriias, ov. Maacas, Mdo-Kus, a (Doric gen.), o. mass (crowded), irrt^i, (rTt<|>ous, t6 ; — of dust, Kovioprbs, 6. master of, IvKpar^s. matter, irpd7|ia, irpd7|iaTas, rd. may, sign of optative of wish. meal, dXijiiTa, rd. means of (by), expressed by dat. meanwhile, ^v to^ti;. meat, plur. of xp^as, Kp(as,-T6. Media, MT|8(a, {|. meet (to), dvrCos ; — one, irdpci|u and dat. Megaphernes, Me7ai^£pvi]s, ov. men, dvSpmiroi, dv8p(S ; the — in, ol Iv . . . Menon, M^vuv, M^vaivos, i. mention, ctirov, ipfi, elira, etpi|Ka, ctpT|p,ai, ippiffir\v. mercenary, Hvos, 6. merchantman, oXxds, oXKdSos, t). message (bring a), d77^XXCS, f|. must, expressed by 8el and infin., or by verbal adj. in rfos. muster, dSpoCJu, dOpoto-u, etc. my, J|io's. myriad, (liipids, (ivpidSos, i\. Myriandus, MvpCavSos, ov, i\. myself, reflexive, l|i.avTOv ; intensive^ airds. Mysian, Mvo-ds, 6. GL. GK. PR. COiff.^jfj.^^2 by Microsoft® 146 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION name, ovo|jia, 6v6|xaTOs, r6. narrow, o-Ttvo's ; — place, cTtvo- \XvapCa, ti, nor, ovSe (ht|S^) ; neither . . . nor, OUTe (p.'^Te) . . . OUT€ (pt^JTc). not, ov (o4k, ovx), p.ifi ; — a man, ovSe£s (|ji>t|SeCs). nothing, ov8^v (|it|S^v). now, of time, vSv ; intensive, t^. number, numbering, dpiGiids, 6. O O that, expression of wish, etSe, el 7dp. obedient, ireie6|i.€vos. obey, mid. of irdOu, ircCo-to, eiTEio'a, ir^irciKa, ircirEio-piai, lirtto-Btiv. object, dvTi-\^7o> (Xi^a, i'X«|a, X^{7- |iai, IX^fli]v). object (of envy), £T)\C ; — account of, cvcKa and gen. ; — both sides, cKar^pu- 9ev ; — horseback, lc|)' I'lrirmv ; — board, cts and ace. ; sometimes ex- pressed by simple dat. once, ttotI ; at — , €v6vs. one, til ; indefinite pronoun, tIs ; — in particular, els 8e Sifj ; — an- other, dXXrjXiov ; the — , the other, 6 |ji^v ...68^; — hundred, exa- t6v. only, liovos ; adv., |idvov ; — a few, 6X1701. openly, ev tu avep$. open ranks, mid. of 8i-to-TH(ii ( (ay- yiKa, 1)7761X0, 'f)77eXKa, ■i]776X|j.ai, TJ77eX6r|v). Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY 147 Orontas, 'Op(SvTas, o, or ov. ostrich, (TTpovOos |i^7as or iicYdXi], 6, T). other, aWos ; some . . . others, ol |j,^v . . , ol 8^. ought, xp^ and infin. our, TiiuTcpos. out (start), 6p|i,do|jiai, opp.'^croixai, etc. ; — of the "way, ckitoS^v. outside, 'i^a, with gen. over, 8id, with gen. ; — by, irapd and ace. ; go — , d(|>-£(rTi)|j.i (o-t^o-o), 'iirrrfcra and «o"Tr)v, 'i(rrr\Ka, 'itrra- (ioi, Io-Td0r)v) ; rule — , dpx«>. overpower, Pid^ofiai, Pido-o)i.ai., etc. overtake, KaTa-Xa|j,pdva, c\:\T||<.|xai, 4X^(|>6i]v, e\a- Pov). own (one's) = of one's self, Iodtov, IfiavTov, etc. pack-animal, vvot,vyiov, r6. paean (sing), iroiovtjw, kiraiavura. palace, Pao-tXeia, rd. panic, <|>6Pas, 6 ; panic-stricken (be), pass, of iK-tr\'f\TTa Qir\i\^a, tirXtilo, ■aiir\i\ya, ir^TrXTi-yiiat, -«ir\d7i)v). Faphlagonian, ITo4>Xa7<4v, 6vos, o. parasang, irapoo-d^^iis, ou. park, irapdScio-os, 6. part, |i.^pos, [lupous, rd. particular (one in), els Be hi\. partridge, ir^pSlJ, ir^pSlKos, 6, ■i|. Parysatis, Ilapiio-aTis, iSos, •i|. Pasion, Ilaa-tuv, lovos, 6. pass, eto-poX^, rj; eft-pdXXo) (PaXu, P^pXi]Ka, P^pXriiioi, ipX^Biiv, ePo- Xov) ; — along or by, irop-^pxoiiai (IX^XvBo, ijXeov) ; — within, 7C7- vojiai etvo). past (be), irop-e'pxoH'O'^ (eX'^XiiBa, TiXBov); march — , irop-«Xa^v« (i\&, f[\a, eSuKa and ^So|Uv, S^SuKa, Se'So)iiai, ISiBTiv); — attention, irpoo--^X'' t6v voOv. paymaster, )»a'6oS6Ti^s, ov. Peloponnesian, IleXoirovv^crias. Peloponnesus, neXoir6vvi)o-os, t|. Peltae, Xl^Xrai., wv. peltast, Ti-eXTcurT^is, oO; adj., ireX- TOO-TIK, irpe'^a, and erpairov, T^rpoijia and T^rpacfia, t^- Tpa|x|i,ai, Itp^<|>9t]v and lTpdin)v) . perplexed (be), dirop^u, dirop^o-u, etc. Persian, IIcpa-T|s, ov ; in — , PapPa- plKUS. person (in), avro's. personal enemy, ex^pjs, 6. persuade, ireCBu), irtia-a, eireio-a, iri- ireiKa, ir^irao-|iai, lireCo-Bnv, phalanx, <|>dXa7£, <|)dXa7Yos, ^. Phoenicia, 4'oivtKi], t|. Phoenician, ^olvi^, Ikos, 4. Phrygia, #pv7£a, t|. Pigres, nC7pi)s, titos, 6. pin-money (for), ets tvf\v. Pisidians, Ilio-CSai, wv. place, X'^P^ > take one's — , mid. of Ka6-CoTTi(i.t (o-T^io-w, €o-Tr]o-o and eo-TT)v, ?o-TiiKa, 'itrra^ai, eo-Td9t|v); in the first — , -n-pwrov fi4v. plain, ireSiov, t6 ; in — sight or view, Karacfiav^s. Digitized by Microsoft® 148 GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION plan, PouXetio, PovXevo-o), etc.; plans, T&, So^avTO. platoon, To|i.s, Tdjeus, t\. please, x°'p'£<>H''a'i'> x°'P''''''l'''"'> ^i<^-'> be pleased, 'iiSo|jiai, T|o-8^(ro|jiai, tjo-Btjv. pledge, irto-Tis, ir£o-T6uptt, t|. position, X'^P°^> 'I > take — , mid. of Ka9-{ ((rK(vd(rci>, IcTKevao-a, co-KEvao-fjLai, IcrKcvd- ir6r|v). presence (to one's) = to one's self, present (be), irdp-Eiiu (ecro|i,ai); partic. as adj., irap-civ. press hard, iri^^ca, Tri^cto, ^irCca'a, liri^ pretend, irpoo--iroL&|jiai (Troiyjo-oiJiai, etc.). pretext, •irp64>a(ris, ecos, t|. prevent, kwXvu, kcdXvo-u, etc prey, SripCov, t6. private (for — use), els t4 tSiov. prize, aSXov, t6, proceed, iropEvojiai, iropEV(ro|iai, etc. proceeding, irpa7)j.a, irp^Ypiaros, t6. promise, make a — , 'uir-i(rxv^o|i,ai, tiiro-o-\^o-op,ai, virW(r\T])i.ai, tiv prompted, Iyk^euo-tos. promptly, e49vs. property, xP^P^X'Ta, tA. propose, eIitov, Ipu, ctira, Elpi]Ka, EtpTiiiai, Ipp^6t|v. prosperous, E^SaCfiuv. prove, — one's self, a(vo|i,ai, i^avoO- p,ai, E<|>T|vd|ii]v, iri^aa-fiai, li|>dvi)v ; — false, mid. of i)>evSiii, <|/EV(ro, £i|fEV(ra, £4>Euir)Lai, l<|/EV(r6t|v. province, dpx^, tj. provisions, tA ETrir^SEia. Proxenus, IIpii^Evos, 6. Psarus, '^dpos, 6. punish, Tlp.upEOfi,ai,Ti|j.ci)p^ (Suo-(i>, eSuo'a and eSUv, S^SvKa, 84S\i|iai, I8i9iiv) ; — on fuU armor, mid. of l|-oirXCJi.-X^Y<» (X^u, tXE^a, X^XEYiiai, eX^9i)v), quart, x^^vi^ x°''"'*<°s> ^■ Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY 149 quarters, OOpai, at ; back to — , Kard xi&pav, queen, Pao-CXcia, ■q ; (Cilician), KC- Xt.o*-iKv4o|tai ({£o|iai, lY|ji,di, iK, d<|/u, i]i|/a, T]p,)iiav, i)4i6t|v; reaching from head to foot, iroS^p'r|s. read, ava-yiyv^a-Ka (7v(ia-o|jiai, ^'7V(uKa, e'yv S^|o|j.ai, ISc|d|jLT]v, SIS«Y|xai, €Sex6r)v. reed, Kd\a|j,os, 6. refuse, o^k kU\a, lOeXyjo-a, tjO^tjo-o, TJ6^T|Ka. regard (have), liri^iMX&fiai (neXyj- (rop.ai., etc.), with gen. region, X'^P^i ^ ; rdiros, 6. rein in, l<|>-((rTT)|ii (liri-o-T^o-co, €(rTr) (riJw). relative, P^, etc.). return, dir-cpxop.ai (IX^iXuBa, riXBov); in — , dvrt with gen. review, ege'Tao-is, ecus, tj ; 6(apia, Oia- p/jo-u, etc. revolt, mid., with 2 a. and pf. act., of d(f>-£(rT'r]p.i ^arT'f^-aip^a> (atp^o-to, 'gpi]Ka, ]]'pt)|iai, 'gpE'6T]v, cl\ov). rouse, dv-C>, Jo-rrjo-o and ea, elXi^iifiai, IX'/j6'r|v, EXa^ov) ; on the — , 8p6|jievYCi>. runaway, £iiYCDv, 6. rush, mid. of iiijiii, lio-M, ifxa and «l|i£v, cIko, clfiai, c'i!6t|v. S sacrifice, celebrate with — , 6«ii), 6vo-ci>, cOvira, WOvKa, TEOvp.at, €tv- 6i]v. safe, d,(r<{>aX'^s. safety, to d(r<)>a\.^. sail, WtLov, t6 ; irX^u, ir\ev(ro|j.ai and irXEva-ov|j.ai., «irXru(ra, iti- TrXcvKa, ir^irX€v,'«'irXT), SXe|a, X^(7p,ai, IX£- x6t)v ; ({>i)|iC, <|>^(ru, c(f>i)(|>6t)v, eISov; — - to it, impersonal (jieXei, it is a care to one (p.eX'fio-Ei, l|x^T|(rE, |ie- fjiEXi]KE) ; Eiri-|jL£X^op.ai. seem, c{>aivop.ai, (|>avov|iai, l<)>T|vd|jii]v, ^£(j>ao'|JLai, €(|idvT|v ; Sokeu, 86|ci>, ESo|a, SeSoYiiai, I86x9riv ; — beat, SoK^Ci). seize, dpird^io, dpirdirci), etc. ; atp^u, aip^jo-u, lifpTlKa, ■^^i\}f.ax, Tip^9i|v, eIXov. sell, itaKia, iruX'^cro), etc. send, -nifma, irl|n|/o>, cir£|ti|/a, ir^- iro)i.<|>a, ir^irEfiiJiai, €ir^)i4>6T)V ; = shoot, d(|>-f'r|)jLi ; — back, diro- irciiiro) ; — for, |iiETa-ir£|i,'rro|iai. ; — in, diro-ir^jiirca ; with, o-v|i-ir^|iirci). set out, 6p|i,do|xat, 6p|ji^o-0|iai, etc. seven, lirTd. several, ^Kao-Toi. sew, o-uo-irdd). shield, do-ir(s, do-irCSos, t| ; wicker . — , Y^ppov, t6. ship, vavs, vf&%, r\, shirt, -fyr&v, xitSvos, 6. shortest road (by), ttjv TOxIavavi)s YCYVOftai. siglus, crC^Xos, 6. sign (as a — of condenmation) = for death. Silanus, 2lXav6$, 6. silence (in), , liraidvura. sink, Kara-SvcD (Sucrco, cSvo-a and cSiiv, S4SvKa, 8eSv|i,ai., ISvStjv). situated (be), pass, of oIk4u, otK^o-u, etc. six, ?5 ; — hundred, l|aK6o-ioi ; — thous3,nd, e|aKi6cpa, t|. slay, KaTa-KoirTii) (Koipu, €Kot|/a, k^ Ko4>a, K^KO)i.|j.ai, iKdiri^v) ; — upon, £xi-cr(|>dTT(i> (o'c|>d|w, €a'a|a, £a'Y|i,ai, I(r<|)d7riv). slip away, oiro-SiSpdorKu (8pa (^'«'°<', ip&, (lira, etpi^Ka, «\lpi)(i.ai,, ippi\9t\v ; — Ughtly of, irpcfus \iya. spear, 86pv, Sdparos, t6 ; — point, XivXI. 1- speech, X670S, 6. speed (at full), dvd Kpdros. speedily, toxics. spend, — money, Sairavdu, Saira- v(\, €'(rxt (4irtTpii6T]v). stop, iraviD, iraitra, etc. ; = halt, t(rTi)|u, (TT^o-oi, €(rTi]cra and iirTi\v, i (TEv£o|i,ai, re- T^XUKO, CTUXOV), stronger, kpeCttuv. stronghold, xupCov oxvp6v, subject, vir^Koos. succeed in, KaXus Kara-irpaTTd) (tP^|6t|v and lTpd<|>T|V ; TpOlfW), f]. sure (be) = take care, liri-)i.cX{o|Lai ()i.€X^(rO|iai., etc.). surprised (be), eav|j,d£, 6au|i,d, KvKXticru, etc. survey, KaTa-6e^o|j,ai (6eairo|j.ai, etc.). suspect, w-oirT6il(i> (owreiird), &tr- T««a, A- Xi]|j.|iai, IX'fj6T|v, cXaPov ; =: make, mid. of iroUci), voii\a-a, etc. ; — along or with, irapa-Xa|j.pdv(i> ; — care, liri.-|jLEX4a|jiai (|ie}^^(ro|jiai, etc.) ; — the field, o-Tparevoiiai., crTpaTEiic^ ,< t ? ■ <\5 - ' '^ tame, irp^os. Tamos, Ta|u&5, i. Tarsus, Tapo-oC, at. tavern, Kain)XEtov, rd; — keeper, 6 Kairr|X«tov i\(av, tell, X^Yu, \i^a, eX«|a, X4Xc7)>,ai, 1X4- xSinv ; — the truth, dXtiSEvu, dXij- Scvo-u, etc. ten, S4Ka. tent, o-KT|vifi, f\. .terms (make), Kara-Xifa; Xdrro). territory, X'^P<'> ^• than, 'ij. Thapsacus, @di{iaKos, i\. Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY 153 that, those, JKctvos, Ixf'voi; those who, ol and partic. the, i, {|, t6. their, lavrfiv, but commonly expressed by the article. ' themselves, iavrfiv. then, o2v, Sfj ; of time, rirt, ilirciTa. there, thereupon, IvTavSa. therefore, Si6. Thessalian, &irra\6s, 6. thigh-pieces, irapa)i,i)p(Sia, ri. thing, irpa7)ia, irplt7)i,aTo$, t6 ; these things, ravra. think, o(o|im, ot^o-0)i.ai, (p^6i]v ; {lYfofiai, T|7^cro|i,ai, etc. ; — best, SoK^u, S6|(D, £8o|a, Si8oY|u», IS6x- third, TpCros ; — time, rpCrov. thirty, rpidKovra; — thousand, TpCts [llipidSES. this, ovTos ; iiSc. thoroughly frightened (be), 4k- irX'^TTop.at, those, iKctvoi ; — at home, ot oIkoi ; — who, ol and partic. though, Kalircp with concessive par- ticiple. thousand, x^Xioi. Thraciau, Op^, 0pf Kds, i. three, Tpci$; — hundred, rpiSKi- o-ioi. throne, PacriXcCa, t|. through, Sid and gen. throw, pdXXd), Pa\«, P^pXrjKa, pt- p\T|)i,ai, 4pX^0i)v, 'ipaXov; (t)|i,i, Tja-u, ifxa and clp.cv, tlxa, clfxai, ct6T)v; — ofT, ^iirru, jtt^a, lppii|(a, Sppia, 2ppi|i|jiat, lppf^6T)v and lppl^r\v. thus, ovrus. Thymbrium, @ o > ^P'') 'H ; = leisure, a-xoMi, T| ; many times, iroX- XdKis. Tissaphemes, Tur(ra<|i/pvi)c, ovs, i. to, iirl, wapd, or vp6s with ace. ; but often expressed by dative ; — one's home, otxaSc. together (come), (t, i||i|iai, litfiSTiv. town, it6\is, mSXcus, i\, track, tx^s, ovs, t6. trail, o-rCPos, 6. treated well (be), cS irdox<», wcC- (rop.ai, iriteovia, SiraBov. tree, S^vSpov, t6. trench, Td<|>po5, ov, 'i^. trial, KpCoris, Kpdriois, i\. tribute, Sair|iJs, &. trireme, Tpi'^pi)s, rptfipovs, f\. troop, Td|is, rdfcus, rj ; troops, trrpa- Tiurai, ol. trouble, Xvir^u, Xvir^o-u, etc. ; be troubled, Xvir4o|iai or &x^0|'^'^^> &\9ia-0}i.a and Wrpaifia, ri- Tpa|i.|i.at, trpi^Briv and {rpdirT|v; — out, mid. of Ka6-(eXos ; verb, Xpdop.aL, y^pi], cXc^a, X^Xcyfiai, valuable, a|ios. very, expressed by superlative ; adj., airds. vexed (be), dx6o)i,ai, dx^^iropai, Tix^^o'^T'. victorious, vikSv, partic. of viKdm ; be — , KpaT€w, KpaT^tro), etc. victory, vtKr\, f| ; gain a — , vlKdm, viK^ffw, etc. view (in plain), KaTa<()av^s ; with a — , (is and fut. partic. vigorously, lo-x^pms. village, KupT|, T|. vine, dp.ireXos, ov, i\, voice, 4*uv^, T|, W wagon, &p.a^a, t|. wait, p,^vu, pevu, cjiciva, |j,E|i&T|Ka ; lie in — , (veSpEvu. wall, T€txos, teCxo^s, t6. want, |3ovXop.ai, PovX^o-oixai, PcPoti- X'qp.ai, ipouXTJdi^v. war (be at — with), (make), iro- Xeji^o), iroXtp^o-w, etc., with dat. ; — chariot, dp|j.a, apiiaros, t6. waste (lay), Kaw, Koio-w, SKavo-a, KCKaVKtt, K€KavpOl, £Ka%i8l]V. watch to see, lTri-|ieX«o(i.oi (peX'^- , etc.) and dat. ; in a bad - — , KaKUS. we, f|)i£is. weak, do-6Ev^s. wear, 'i\'», 'i^a and a-\i\(rii), 'i(r\r\Ka, 'iir\T\iiai, i, ISaKpCcra, 8€SdKpvp.ai. well, tv; as — as, is Kat ; — dis- posed, £VVOLKUS. wet, Pp^X"> 'Pp«?<*> P'Pp«"V|i°'''> 'Pp^ xfli". what, tCs, t£ ; = that which, 6 and participle ; whatever, Scttis. wheat, irupoC, oi. wheel about, irspi-irruo-o-u QirTii/i), giTTU^a, eiTTV'yiJLai, dirTVxOilv). when, whenever, ore, diroTe, Itrel, eTrei8T| ; with subjunctive, StSv, eirifjv, etc. where, wherever, iroO ; oirov, evBo. whether, st ; — ... or, sire . . . «!«. which, OS, 4 8. while, ays ; = but, 8^ ; often ex- pressed by present partic. who, relative, os ; interrogative, t£s ; whoever, whosoever, bo-ns, 8s (dv). whole, 8Xos. Digitized by Microsoft® VOCABULARY iSS why, tC ; Sid. tC ; = for, y&p ; that is — , Sid he toOto. wide, eipvs. width, evpos. wife, 7uv^. wild, d^pios. willing (be), = wish. willingly, IkcJv. wine, olvos, 6. wing, TTT^pvl, irrepv^os, r] ; of an army, K^pas, K^ptos, t6. wise, a-o(|>, k6i\i\fiu> (xcop^o-w, etc.). within, «l. without, «|(i) ; epi)|i.os ; — the knowl- edge of, Xd6p(;i. and gen. ; — noise, Tio-uxtj. witness, itiapia, iiapf\ira, etc. woman, fvvi^. wonder, Savfid^w, 6av)i,diro|i.ai, 46av- (jiacra, etc. wood, fiiXov, t6. wooden, |tlXivos. word, X670S, i. work, iroUci), iroi^iru, etc. wormwood, di|iCv6iov, rd. worst, KdKlCTTOS. worth, worthy, d|ios. wound, TiTpio(rKa>, Tptacra, crpuo-a, T^Tpa)|iai, Itp(i>, 'Ypdipu, eypaipa, 7^- 7pa<)>a, 'Y^'Ypapip.ai, lypdcfiTiv. wrong, be in the — , dSiK^oi, dSi- K'^o-u, etc. wrong-doer, dSiKuv. Xenias, QevCas, ou. Xenophon, QevoMV, wvtos, 6. Xerxes, H^plis, ou. yet, (i^vTOi ; oficos. you,