An lis 3 1924 090 788 542 '/©>// ii umiu bs^i i W Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924090788542 In compliance with current copyright law, Cornell University Library produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1992 to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. 2001 v* (Qntttell Hniuerstty library Jttjara. Nero {orb BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT^ FUND. <■ THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 THE LIVES of PHILIP HOWARD, EARL OF ARUNDEL, and of ANNE DACRES, His Wife. (EBttrt) from tljc ©rtgtnal JH&&. BY THE DUKE OF NORFOLK, E.M. LONDON : HURST and BLACKETT, Publifiers, Succeffors to Henry Colburn, 1 3 Great Marlborough Street. MDCCCLVII. A] T < „V' VS5^oSl> The Right of Tranjlation is rejerved. LONDON: Printed by George Barclay, Cajilc St. Leicejier Sq. PREFACE. I trust the following Lives will be read with intereft. They are given from a Manufcript in my poffeffion, which I have copied with the moft careful attention both to its fpelling and punc- tuation. I have not made the fmallefr. alteration except in the 12 th and 76 th pages, where certain paffages have been for obvious reafons omitted, and in the 13 th page, where a flightly different conftruction iv Preface. conftruction of the text has enabled me to fave a portion of that page which I mould otherwife have omitted. I mould not, however, have made even thefe flight alterations but for the ad- vice of a friend. NORFOLK, E.M. Arundel Castle, Feaft of St Philip Neri. 1857. HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. MEMOIKS OF THE COUET AND CABINETS OF GEORGE THE THIRD, From Original Family Documents. By the DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM AND CHANDOS, K.G., &c. The Third and Fourth Volumes, comprising the period from 1800 to 1810, and completing this important work. 8vo., with Portraits. 30s. bound. From the Times. — "These volumes consist in the main, of letters written by the two brothers, Lord Grenville, and Mr. T. Grenville, to their elder brother, the Marquis of Buckingham, for his information as to the political circumstances of the time. In the two former volumes a great amount of curious gossip, and of valuable information, was contained relative to the formation of the Coalition Ministry, the King's illness in 1788, and the early period of the war with revolutionary France. Volumes 3 and 4 take up the tale where volumes 1 and 2 had left it ; and herein we find a connected narrative of the many stirring historical events which occurred between 1300, when Lord Grenville and Talleyrand were in correspondence respecting Bonaparte's proposals for peace, until the return of the King's malady in 1810 and the debates in Parliament relative to the regency. The present collection is more valuable than the last, inasmuch as Lord Grenville, having attained higher dignity and experience, is a more dispassionate observer of passing events. Whoever would desire to read the running comments of so eminent and well informed a man as Lord Grenville upon a decade so interesting as that of 1800 — 10, would do well to consult these volumes. Lord Grenville was certainly among the most far-sighted men of his time; and to him, from the first, belongs the credit of appreciating truly Napoleon Bonaparte's position and designs. He did so even to a higher degree than Pitt ; and it is most remarkahle how far his predictions have been verified by the event, even when submitted to the sharp test of the judgment of posterity. The principal points on which light is thrown by the present correspondence are, the negociations before and after the Treaty of Amiens until the time of its rupture — the true character of Aldington's Adminis- tration, and the relations between 'The Doctor' and Pitt — the formation of the Pitt and Sidmouth Cabinet, when the King's prejudices against Charles Fox were found to he insur- mountable — the Grenville and Fox short Administration — tbe Duke of Portland's Cabinet — the expedition to Portugal, with Its climax at Cintra — the Duke of York's scandal with Mrs. Clarke — Sir John Moore's retreat, with the earlier Spanish campaigns of Sir Arthur Wel- lesley, and, finally, the disastrous Walcheren affair. There is much curicus matter inter- posed in the shape of precis upon the situation of affairs written from time to time by Lord Grenville himself; and perhaps still more curious reports made to the Marquis of Bucking- ham ty a certain , whose name remains a mystery, but who seems to have been tolerably well acquainted with the arcana imperii at the beginning of the century. There is much in these volumes which well deserves perusal. There is a portion of their contents which possesses ne.irly as high a claim upon our instant and careful consideration as the Minutes of the Sebastopol Committee." From the Athenjecm. — " The present volumes exhibit the same features as the former portion of the series. The general reader is entertained, and the reader for historical purposes is enlightened. Of their value and importance, there cannot be two opinions. There are abundant revelations of interest to arrest attention in many of these papers. On the -.characters of George the Fourth and the Duke of Wellington there aie some very valuable letters. In Court scandals, the affairs of the Duke of Yoik and Mrd. Clarke are brought under notice; and in what we may designate as public scandals, the ' horrors of routine* receive abundant illustrations in the letters about the Walcheren Expedition, and on the Peninsular War. Our extracts sufficiently show the high interest belonging to these volumes." HURST AND BLACKETT's NEW PUBLICATIONS. PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LAST FOUR POPES. By His Eminence CARDINAL WISEMAN. 8vo. Portraits. (In the Press.) EASTERN HOSPITALS AND ENGLISH NURSES; The Narrative of Twelve Months' Experience in the Hospitals of Koulali and Scutari. By A LADY VOLUNTEER. Third and Cheaper Edition, 1 vol. post 8vo. with Illustrations, 6s. bound. " A production which, not only in the subject-matter, but in its treatment. Is filled with the purest and best evidences of womanly tenderness. What the nurses did for our sick and wouaded soldiers — how they ministered to their wants and assuaged their sufferings — how that composite body of hired attendants, sisters, nuns, and lady volunteers, worked together for a common object — how their duties were apportioned — and how, in health or illness, their time passed away — are all faithfully and minutely detailed in these volumes. 'Eastern Hospitals and English Nurses' will, no doubt, command a good circulation.** —The Times. "The story of the noble deeds done by Miss Nightingale and her devoted sisterhood will never be more effectively told than In the beautiful narrative contained in these volumes." — John Bull. " Our readers will find much to interest them in the Lady Volunteer's account of her labours." — Athen&um. JOURNAL OF ADVENTURES WITH THE BRITISH ARMY, from the Commencement of the War to the Fall of SebastopoL By GEORGE CAVENDISH TAYLOR, late 95th Regiment. 2 vols post 8vo., 21s. bound. " The evidence these volumes contain is exceedingly valuable. The real state of things is here exhibited ** — John Bull. "There was scarcely an occurrence of any importance that Mr. Taylor was not an eye- witness of. Balaklava, Inkermauo, Kertch, the operations in the Sea of Azof, Anapa, the storming of the Malakoff and the Redan, and the taking possession of Sebastopol— each event is detailed in that concise but clear, professional style which we have not met with before." — United Service Gazette. " Mr. Taylor's Journal is valuable for its genuineness, and for the extent of experience embraced in it." — Examiner. TURKEY: ITS HISTORY AND PROGRESS; FROM THE JOURNALS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF SIR JAMES PORTER, Fifteen Years Ambassador at Constantinople, continued to the Present Time, with a Memoir of Sir James Porter, by his Grandson, SIR GEORGE LARPENT, Bart. 2 vols. 8vo., with Illustrations. 16s. bound. " This highly interesting work consists of two parts. The first volume, after a memoir of Sir James Porter, proceeds to give a general description of the Turkish Empire, of its natural and industrial productions, and its commerce, a sketih of its history from the in- vasion of Europe to the reign of Sultan Mahmud II., and an account of the religion and the civil institutions of the Turks, and of their manners and customs, chiefly from the data supplied by the papers of Sir James Porter. In the second volume we are made ac- quainted with Turkey as It is ; the religious and civil government of Turkey, its Legislature, the state of education in the Empire, its finances, its military and naval strength, and the social condition of the Turks, are all in succession brought under review. The work gives a fuller and more life-like picture of the present state of the Ottoman Empire, than any other work with which we are acquainted." — John Bull. HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. ELIZABETH DE VALOIS, QUEEN OF SPAIN, AND THE COURT OF PHILIP II. From numerous unpublished sources in the Archives of France, Italy, and Spain. By MISS FREER. 2 vols. post 8vo. with fine Portraits by Heath, 21s. " Such a book as the memoir of Elizabeth de Valois is a literary treasure which will be the more appreciated as Its merits obtain that reputation to which they most justly are entitled. Miss Freer has done her utmost to make the facts of Elizabeth's, Don Carlos', and Philip II. *s careers fully known, as they actually transpired. The pains this intelligent lady must have been at to have secured the means for so trustworthy a history, cannot but have been very great; doubtless she will be rewarded by finding this, her last and certainly her best publication, as much and as generally appreciated as were her previous memoirs of Marguerite d'Angouleme and Jeanne d'Albfet, Queens of Navarre." — Belt's Messenger. *' This interesting work is a valuable addition to the historical biographies of the present day." — Observer. •'These volumes will well repay perusal. They relate to a period of history extremely important and rich in materials of interest. Miss Freer is an industrious biographer. She goes to original sources of information, and she gives the reader all the details she can collect."— Press. " This book will add t» the reputation of its able authoress."— Sun. THE LIFE OF MARGUERITE D'ANGOULEME, QUEEN of NAVARRE, SISTER of FRANCIS L From numerous original sources, including MS. Documents in the Bibliotheque Im peri ale, and the Archives du Royaunie de France, and the Private Correspondence of Queen Marguerite with Francis I, &c. By MISS FREER. Second Edition, Revised, 2 vols, post 8vo., with fine Portraits, engraved by Heath, 21s. "This is a very complete and cleverly-written life of the illustrious sister of Francis I., and it may be said of her that the varied and interesting stores of French history offer no theme more worthy of research and study than the career of this great princess, who exer- cised so potent an influence over the politics and manners of the age of which she was herself Lb*, brightest ornament. The published and manuscript documents and letters relating to the life of Mar^oerite of Navarre, and which are iodispensable to a correct biography of this queen, are widely dispersed. The author has spared no cost or trouble in endeavouring to obtain all that were likely to elucidate her character and conduct. She has furnished us with a very interesting and graphic sketch of the singular events and the important personages who took part in the m during this stormy and remarkable period of French and English history." — Observer. "This is a very useful and amusing book. It is a good work, very well done. The authoress is quite equal in power ard grace to Miss Strickland. She must have spent great time and labour in collecting the information, which she imparts in an easy and agreeable manner. It is difficult to lny down her Look after having once begun it. This is owing partly to the interesting nature of the subject, partly to the skilful manner in which it has been treated. No other life of Marguerite has yet been published, tven in France. Indeed, till Louis Philippe ordered the collection and publication of manuscripts relating to the history of Frame, no such work could be published. It is difficult to conceive how, under any circumstances, it could have been better done." — Standard. "There are few names more distinguished than that of Marguerite d'Angouleme in the range of female biography, and Miss Freer has done well in taking up a subject so copious and attractive. It is altogether an interesting and well-written biography." — Lit. Gax. THE LIFE OF JEANNE D'ALBRET, QUEEN OF NAVARRE, from numerous original sources, including M.S. Documents in the Bibliotheque Imueriale and the Archives Espagnoles de Siinancas. By MJSS FREER. 2 vols, with Portraits, 21s. bound. HURST AND BLACKETt's NEW PUBLICATIONS. REVELATIONS OF PRISON LIFE; WITH AN EN- quirt into Prison Discipline and Secondary Punishments. By GEORGE LAVAL CHESTERTON, Twenty-five Tears Governor of the House of Correction at Cold-Bath Fields. Third Edition, Revised. 1 vol. 10s. Gd. " Mr Chesterton has had a rare experience of human frailty. He has lived with, the felon, the forger, the lorette, the vagabond, the murderer; has looked into the darkest sepulchres of the heart, without finding reason to despair of mankind. In his belief the worst of men have still some of the angel left. Such a testimony from such a quarter is full of novelty as it is of interest. As a curious bit of human history these volumes are remark- able. They are very real, very simple; dramatic without exaggeration, philosophic without being dull. In dealing with a subject so peculiar as prison life, Mr. Chesterton was wise in making his treatment personal and incidental. General descriptions, however accurate, interest only a few j but stories of crime, anecdotes of criminals, may attract all readers.** — Athenceum. "This interesting book is full of such illustrations as the narrative of striking cases affords, and is indeed as well calculated to entertain mere readers for amusement as to instruct and assist those who are studying the great questions of social reform." — Examiner. "The very interesting work just published by Capt. Chesterton, entitled * Revelations of Prison Life.*' — Quarterly Review. THE OLD COURT SUBURB; OR, MEMORIALS OF KENSINGTON ; Regal, Critical, and Anecdotical. By LEIGH HUNT. Second Edition. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. elegantly bound. "A delightful book, of which the charm begins at the the first line on the first page, for full of quaint and pleasant memories is the phrase that is its title — 'The Old Court Suburb.* Very full, too, both of quaint and pleasant memories is the line that designates the author. It is the name of the most cheerful of chroniclers, the best of remembrancers of good things, the most poiished and entertaining of educated gossips. * The Old Court Suburb ' is a work that will be welcome to all readers, and most welcome to those who have a love for the best kinds of reading." — Examiner. "Under the quaint title of 'The Old Court Suburb,* Mr. Leigh Hunt gossips pleasantly, spiritedly, and at large, over all that is of interest in Kensington and its neighbourhood. The subject is happily chosen, for Kensington comprises in it more of antiquarian and literary interest than any other spot in London. It is precisely the kind of book to be pored over by the sea-side or fire-side, where the reader can transport himself, assisted by the poetic fancy of Mr. Hunt, to the company of the wits and beauties of past generations. We very warmly recommend these pleasant volumes to the attention of our readers." — Chronicle. "A more agreeable and entertaining book has not been published since Boswell produced his reminiscences of Johnson." — Observer. THE LITERATURE AND ROMANCE OF NORTHERN EUROPE ; constituting a complete History of the Literature of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, with copious Specimens of the most cele- brated Histories, Romances, Popular Legends and Tales, Chivalrous Ballads, Dramas, National Songs, Novels and Scenes from the Life of the Present Day. By WILLIAM and MARY HO WITT, 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. *' A most charming and valuable work, by means of which the great majority of the reading public will be, for the first time, made acquainted with the rich stores of intellectual wealth long garnered in the literature and beautiful romance of Northern Europe. The songs and ballads are translated with exquisite poetic beauty." — Sun, HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. THE LIFE OF MARIE DE MEDICIS, QUEEN OF FRANCE, Consort of Henry IV., and Regent under Lodis XIII. By MISS PARDOE, Author of "Louis XIV, and the Court of France, in the 17th Century," &c. Second Edition. 3 large vols. 8vo. with fine Portraits, MEMOIRS OF THE BARONESS D'OBERKIRCH, Illustrative of the Secret History of the Courts of France, Russia, and Germany. Written by HERSELF, and Edited by Her Grandson, the COUNT DE MONTBRISON. 3 vols, post 8vo. 15s. The Baroness d'Oherkirch being the intimate friend of the Empress of Russia,' wife of Paul I., and the confidential companion of the Duchess of Bourbon, her facilities for obtaining information respecting the most private affairs of the principal Courts of Europe, render her Memoirs unrivalled as a book of interest- ing anecdotes of the royal, noble and other celebrated individuals who flourished on the continent during the latter part of the last century. Among the royal per- sonages introduced to the reader in this work, are Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette, Philip Egalite, and all the Princes of France then living — Peter the Great, the Empress Catherine, the Emperor Paul, and his sons Constantine and Alexander, of Russia — Frederick the Great and Prince Henry of Prussia — the Emperor Joseph If. of Austria — Gustavus III, of Sweden — Princess Christina of Saxony — Sobieski, and Czartoriski of Poland — and the Princes of Brunswick and Wurtemburg. Among the most remarkable persons are the Princes and Princesses de Lamballe, de Ligne and Galitzin — the Dukes and Duchesses de Choiseul, de Mazarin, de Boufflers, de la Valliere, de Guiche, de Penthtevre, and probably, no European foot, save his, has ever trodden. Mr. Atkinson's travels embrace Oriental and Western Siberia, Mongolia, Daouria, the Kirghis Steppes, Chinese Tartary, and portions of Central Asia, and occupied him for the space of seven years, time which he has turned to admirable account. It argues uo slight devotion to Art, to have undertaken the task of giving to civilised Europe a transcript of what is at once most beautiful and most wonderful in nature, in countries so remote, so difficult of access, and, in many instances, so dangerous to the traveller, whose enterprise led him there. The public may really feel grateful to Mr. Atkinson for thus widely extending our knowledge of this hitherto unknown but most interesting part of the globe." Extract from the "Athbnjeum," October 11, 1856. — "Mr. Atkinson's sketches were made by express permission of the late Emperor of Russia, during seven years' hunting, sketching, and travelling in the plains and mountains of Oriental and Western Siberia, Mongolia, Daouria, the Kirghis Steppes, Chinese Tartary, and Central Asia. Perhaps, no English artist was ever before admitted Into this enchanted land of history, or provided with the talisman and amulet of a general passport; and well has Mr. Atkinson availed himself of the privilege- Mr. Atkinson's encampments lead us away into forests, gorges of moun- tains, where the thunder shakes the ground and the lightning strikes, like God's sword-blade, among the trees — where the Tartars cower In their felt hut, and the tea-drinkers grow silent round the red logs. Rivers to swim, torrents to pass, became trifles to this adventurous traveller, who has brought us records of places never, perhaps, before visited; for no -Englishman has been there — no Russian traveller has written of them." NARRATIVE OF A JOURNEY ROUND THE WORLD, Comprising A Winter Passage across the Andes to Chili, with a Visit to the Gold Regions of California and Australia, the South Sea Islands, Java, &c. By F. GERSTAECKER. 3 vols. 31s. 6d. " Starting from Bremen for California, the author of this Narrative proceeded to Rio, and thence to Buenos Ayres; where he exchanged the wild seas for the yet wilder Pampas, and made his way on horseback to Valparaiso across the Cordilleras — a winter passage full of difficulty and danger. From Valparaiso he sailed to California, and visited San Francisco, Sacramento, and the mining districts generally. Thence he steered his course to the South Sea Islands, resting at Honolulu, Tahiti, and other gems of the sea in that quarter, and from thence to Sydney, marching through the Murray Valley, and inspecting the Adelaide district. From Australia he dashed onward to Java, riding through the interior, and taking a general survey of Batavia, with a glance at Japan and the Japanese. An active, intelligent, observant man, the notes he made of his adventures are full of variety and interest, His descriptions of places and persons are lively, and his remnrks on natural productions and the phenomenn of earth, sea, and sky are always sensible, and made with a view to practical results. Those portions of the Narrative which refer to California and Australia are replete with vivid i-ketches; and indeed the whole work abounds with living and picturesque descriptions of men, manners, and localities." — Globe VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 13 LAKE NGAMI; OR EXPLORATIONS AND DIS- COVERIES DURING FOUR YEARS' WANDERINGS IN THE WlLDS OF South-Western Africa. By CHARLES JOHN ANDERSSON. 1 vol royal 8vo., with Map and upwards of 50 Illustrations, representing Sport- ing Adventures, Subjects of Natural History, &c. Second Edition, 30s. handsomely bound. "This narrative of African explorations and discoveries Is one of the most important geographical works that have lately appeared. It contains the account of two journeys made between the years 1850 and 1854, in the first of which the countries of the Damaras and the Ovambo, previously scarcely known in Europe, were explored; and in the second the newly-discovered Lake Ngami was reached by a route that had been deemed imprac- ticable, but which proves to be the shortest and the best. The work contains much scientific and accurate information as to the geology, the scenery, products, and resources of the regions explored, with notices of the religion, mauners, and customs of the native tribes. The continual sporting adventures, and other remarkable occurrences, intermingled with the narrative of travel, make the book as interesting to read as a romance, as, indeed, a good book of travels ought always to be. The illustrations by Wolf are admirably designed, and most of them represent scenes as striking as any witnessed by Jules Gerard or Gordon Cumming." — Litcrarg Gazette. " Mr. Audersson has made no hackneyed excursion up the Nile and back again, but a painful journey, something between a pilgrimage and a wild-beast hunt, which might have tried the patieuce of a fakir and the pluck of a gladiator. Such narratives are agreeable changes in our day, and take hold of attention like the old travels. Mr. Andersson is a good-natured and cheerful writer; and his book may be read with as much pleasure as profit. For the details of a romantic and laborious journey,-^ for particulars about the ostrich, the hippopotamus, the lion, and the hysena, — for curious illustrations of savage life, — for that kind of interest whicli is awakened by dangers bravely, and by fatigues stoutly borne — readers would do well to consult the book itself. The printers and engravers have done Mr. Andersson justice; and we think the reading public will go and do likewise." — Athencvm,. "This handsome book is one for everybody to read. As a record of travel, every page is fascinating, while the naturalist and the geographer will be delighted with the new facts it reveals. The sporting adventures of Mr. Andersson, too, are not less wonderful than those of preceding African travellers. The plates are numerous and admirable." — The Press. THE OXONIAN IN NORWAY; OR, NOTES OF Excursions in that Country. By the Rev. F. METCALFE, M.A., Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. 2 vols., post 8vo., with Illustrations, 21s., bound. "'The Oxonian in Norway ' is replele with interest, is written in an animated style and is one of those books which cannot fail to be at the same time amusing and instructive Efr. Metcalfe visited places where nn Englishman was a rarity; and all who take an interest in customs practiced by various peoples, will welcome his book for the accounts of Nor- wegian manners and customs which have not been touched upon before. Numerous inte- resting and exciting anecdotes, in connexion with the author's excursions In pursuit of fishing and shooting, pervade throughout." — Chronicle. "Mr. Metcalfe's book is as full of facts and interesting information as it can hold, and is interlarded with racy anecdotes. Some of these are highly original and entertaining. More than this, it is a truly valuable work, containing a fund of information on the statistics politics, and religion of the countries visited." — Blackwuad's Magazine. 14 HURST AND BLACKETT's NEW PUBLICATIONS. SPORTING ADVENTURES IN THE NEW WORLD; OR, DAYS AND NIGHTS OF MOOSE HUNTING IN THE PINE FORESTS OF ACADIA. By CAMPBELL HARDY, Royal Artillery, 2 vols, post 8vo. with illustrations, 21s. bound. ** This book Is replete with interest. The adventures, which are striking and romantic, are most graphically described." — Bell's Life. *'A spirited record of sporting adventures, very entertaining and well worthy the atten- tion of ail sportsmen who desire some fresher field than Europe can afford them. The forests of Nova Scotia abound iu moose, cariboo, bears, wolves, partridge, snipe and wild duck, while the rivers are teeming with salmon and other fish, so that Lieutenant Hardy's sport was of the best kind, and in the details which he has given us tbere is much to interest and amuse. He is a thorough sportsman, patient, skilful, and active, and relates his adventures with the gusto of a man who enjoys the life." — The Press. TRAVELS IN EUROPEAN TURKEY: THROUGH Bosnia, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Roumelia, Albania, and Epirus ; with a Visit to Greece and the Ionian Isles, and a Home- ward Tour through Hungary and the Sclavonian Provinces of Austria on the Lower Danube. By EDMUND SPENCER, Esa. Author of " Travels in Circassia," etc. Second and Cheaper Edition, in 2 vols. 8vo., with Illustrations, and a valuable Map of European Turkey from the most recent Charts in the possession of the Austrian and Turkish Governments, revised by the Author, 18s. "These important volumes describe some of those countries to which public attention is now more particularly directed: Turkey, Greece, Hungary, and Austria. We cordially recommend Mr. Spencer's valuable and interesting volumes to the reader." — V. S. Mag. A TOUR OF INQUIRY THROUGH FRANCE AND ITALY, Illustrating their Present Social, Political, and Religious Condition. By EDMUND SPENCER, Esa., Author of "Travels in European Turkey," " Circassia," &c. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. ARCTIC MISCELLANIES, A SOUVENIR OF THE LATE POLAR SEARCH. By the OFFICERS and SEAMEN of the EXPEDITION. Dedicated by permission to the Lords of the Admiralty. Second Edition. 1 vol., with Illustrations. 6s. "This volume is not the least interesting or instructive among the records of the rate expedition in search of Sir Jolin Franklin, commanded by Captain Austin." — Times. A PILGRIMAGE INTO DAUPHINE. BY THE REV. G. M. MUSGRAVE, A.M., Oxon. Author of "A Ramble through Nor- mandy,'' etc. 2 vols, with Illustrations. 21s. bound. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 1 5 A SUMMER IN NORTHERN EUROPE; INCLUD- ing Sketches in Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Aland Islands, Gothland, etc. By SELINA BUNBURY, Author of " Life in Sweden," etc., 2 vols, post 8vo., 21s. bound. "All readers of the works ofl ad y- travellers will be glad to know that they are favoured again by Miss Bunbary with an account of her experience in Northern Europe, including much of the seat of the late war — Finland, for example, and the Aland Isles. The book is a very welcome contribution to the reading of the season." — Examiner. "A very lively and agreeable book of travels, full of sketches of national character and descriptions of scenery given in a pleasing and entertaining style. To all who wish for a guy and varied panorama of northern life and scenery, and for a work full of information and entertainment, we recommend these volumes as among the most lively and generally attrac- tive travels that have lately appeared." — Sun. THE WABASH: OR, ADVENTURES OF AN ENG- LISH GENTLEMAN'S FAMILY IN THE INTERIOR OF AMERICA. By J. R. BESTE, Esa. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. "Mr. Beste's book is interesting. In literary merit it is above the majority of books of travel. It deserves consultation from all who may wish to receive a candid, sensible, and fair account of the author's experience." — Athen&um. AUSTRALIA AS IT IS : ITS SETTLEMENTS, FARMS, AND GOLD FIELDS. By F. LANCELOT, Mineralogical Sur- veyor in the Australian Colonies. Second Edition. 2 vols. 12s. " This is an unadorned account of the actual condition in which these colonies are fonnd, by a professional surveyor and mineralogist, who goes over the ground with a careful glance and a remarkable aptitude for seizing on the practical portions of the subject. On the climate, the vegetation, and the agricultural resources of the country, he is copious in the extreme, and to the intending emigrant an invaluable instructor. As may be expected from a scientific hand, the subject of gold digging undergoes a thorough manipulation. Mr. Lancelot dwells with minuteness on the several indications, stratifications, varieties of soil, and methods of working, experience has pointed out, and offers a perfect manual of the new craft to the adventurous settler. Nor has he neglected to provide him with information as to the sea voyage, and all its accessories, the commodities most in request at the antipodes, and 9 general view of social wants, family management, &c, such as a shrewd and observant counsellor, aided by old resident authorities, can afford. As a guide to the auriferous regions, as well as the pastoral solitudes of Australia, the work is unsurpassed." — Globe. A LADTS VISIT TO THE GOLD DIGGINGS OF AUSTRALIA. By MRS. CLACY. 1 vol. 6s. bound. " The most pithy and entertaining of all the books that have been written on the gold diggings." — Literary Gazette. "Mrs. Clacy's hook will be read with considerable interest, and not without profit. Her statements and advice will be most useful among her own sex." — Athenaum. LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF AUSTRALIAN LIFE. By MRS. CLACY. 2 vols, post 8vo. 12s. bound. "While affording amusement to th^ general reader, these 'Lights and Shadows of Australian Life,' are full of useful hints to intending emigrants, and will convey to friends at home acceptable information as to the cjuntry where so many now have friends or relatives." — Literary Gazette. 16 HURST AND BLACKETT's NEW PUBLICATIONS. TRAVELS IN PERSIA, GEORGIA, AND KOOR- DISTAN, with Sketches of the Cossacks and the Caucasus. By Dr. MORITZ WAGNER. 3 vols., post 8vo. "We have here learning without pedantry, acute and close observation without the tedium of uninteresting details, the reflections of a philosopher Intermixed with the pleasant stories and graphic sketches of an accomplished traveller." — Literary Gazette. ** A book which abounds in varied and useful information. We doubt whether anywhere the reader can find a more trustworthy and satisfactory account of the Koords of Persia, or of the Cossacks of the Caucasus, than in these interesting volumes." — Post. FOREST LIFE IN CEYLON. BY W. KNIGHTON, M.A., formerly Secretary to the Ceylon Branch Royal Asiatic Society. Second Edition, 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. " A very clever and amusing book, by one who has lived as a planter and journalist many years in Ceylon. The work is filled with interesting accounts of the sports, resources, pro- ductions, scenery, and traditions of the island. The sporting adventures are narrated In a very spirited manner." — Standard. "We have no recollection of a more interesting or instructive work on Ceylon and the Cingalese than that which Mr. Knighton has just given to the world. It displays a great deal of scuteness and sagacity in its observation of men and manners, and contains a vast deal of useful information on topics, historical, political, and commercial, and has the charm of * fluent and graphic style."— Morning Post. TROPICAL SKETCHES; OR, REMINISCENCES OF AN INDIAN JOURNALIST. BY W. KNIGHTON, M.A., Author of " Forest Life in Ceylon." 2 vols, post 8vo. 12s. bound. "When Mr. Knighton's pleasant volumes on Ceylon were published, we freely gave his publication the praise which it appears to have well deserved, since another edition has been, catledfor. Amongst the writers of theday.weknowof none who ore more felicitous in hitting off with an amuBing accuracy, the characters he has met with, and his descriptive powers are first- rate. Take his Sketches up and open where you will, he touches upon topics of varied nature — now political, anon historical or commercial, interspersed with traits of society and maimers, every page teeming with information, combined with lively detail. His style, indeed, is eminently attractive. There is no weariness comes over the reader with Mr. Knighton's work before him — all is vivacity. The Tropical Sketches contains the result of the author's experience in the F-ast in various capacities, but he is chiefly at home when he enters upon the narrative of his mission as a journalist. In short. Tropical Sketches may be set down as the work of a man of education and refinement, gifted with a keen observation for all that is passing around him ; such a publication cannot fail in being both amusing and in- structive"— Sunday Times. FIVE YEARS IN TEE WEST INDIES. BY CHARLES V. DAY, Esq. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. ** It would be unjust to deny the vigour, brilliancy and varied Interest of this woik, lh« abundant stores uf anecdote and incident, and the copious detail of local habits and peculiarities in each island visited in succession "—Globe. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 17 A PEESONAL NARRATIVE OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH-WEST PASSAGE with Numerous Incidents of Travel and Adventure during nearly Five Years' Continuous Service in the Arctic Regions while in Search of the Expedition under Sir John Franklin. By ALEX. ARMSTRONG, M.D., R.N., late Surgeon and Naturalist of H.M.S. • Investigator.' 1 vol. (Just Ready.) THE WANDERER IN ARABIA. BY G. T. LOWTH, Eso. 2 vols, post 8vo. with Illustrations. 21s. bound. "An excellent book, pervaded by a healthy enthusiasm, novel and varied in its incidents, picturesque in its descriptions, and runuing over with human interest." — Sun, "Mr. Lowth has shown himself in these volumes to be an intelligent traveller, a keen observer of nature, and an accomplished artist. The general reader will Bad in his descrip- tions of his wanderings in Arabia, and among the most interesting monuments of old Christian lands, a great deal that cannot fail to interest and amuse him. — Post. ** Mr. Lowth's book is the work of a cultivated and thoughtful mind, and will give pleasure to most people. His account of Arabia is full of interest." — Globe. EIGHTEEN YEARS ON THE GOLD COAST OF AFRICA; including an Account of the Native Tribes, and their intercourse with Europeans. By BRODIE CRUICKSHANK, Member of the Legislative Council, Cape Coast Castle. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. ''This la one of the most interesting works that ever yet came into our hands. It possesses the charm of introducing us to habits and manners of the human family of which before we had no conception. Mrs. Beeeher Stowe's work has, indeed, made us all familiar with the degree of intelligence and the disposition of the transplanted African j but it has been reserved to Mr. Cruickshank to exhibit the children of Ham in their origioal state, and to prove, as his work proves to demonstration, that, by the extension of a knowledge of the Gospel, and by that only can the African be brought within the pale of civilization. We anxiously desire to direct public attention to a work so valuable. An incidental episode in the work is an affecting narrative of the death of the gifted Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) written a few mouths after her marriage with Governor Maclean." — Standard. THE HOLY PLACES: A NARRATIVE OF TWO YEARS' RESIDENCE IN JERUSALEM AND PALESTINE. By HANMER L. DUPUIS. With Notes on the Dispersed Canaanite Tribes, by JOSEPH DUPUIS, late British Vice-Consul in Tripoli and Tunis. 2 vols, with Illustrations, 21s. bound. " Has book contains excellent matter, and as it takes the Holy Places in succession giving of each a pretty full account from persona.1 acquaintance with them, and the history attached to them, is of a kind to be welcomed not only by the exclusively religious, but the more miscellaneous class of readers in this country. There is in the second volume a good deal of interesting information on the Tribes." — Examiner. EIGHT YEARS IN PALESTINE, SYRIA, AND ASIA MINOR. By F. A. NEALE, Esq.., Late Attached to the Consular Service in Syria. Second Edition, 2 vols, with Illustrations, 12s. KHARTOUM AND THE NILES. BY GEORGE MELLY, Esq.. Second Edition. 2 vols, with Maps and Illustrations, 12s. bound. 18 HURST AND BLACKETT's NEW PUBLICATIONS. RULE AND MISRULE OF THE ENGLISH IN AMERICA. By the Author of "SAM SLICK." 2 vols. post8vo. 21s. 4 * We conceive this work to be by far the most valuable and important Judge Hallburton has ever written. While teeming with Interest, moral and historical, to the general reader, it equally constitutes a philosophical study for the politician and statesman. It will be fouud to let In a flood of light upon the actual origin, formation, and progress of the republic of the United States." — Naval and Military Gazette. SAM SLICK'S NATURE AND HUMAN NATURE 2 vols, post 8vo. 24s. bound. *' Since Sam Slick's first work he has written nothing so fresh, racy, and genuinely humorous as this. Every line of it tells some way or other j instructively, satirically, jocosely, or wittily. Admiration at Sam's mature talents, and laughter at his droll yarns, constantly alternate, as with unhalting avidity we peruse these last volumes of his. They consist of 25 Chapters, each containing a tale, a sketch, or an adventure. In every one of them, the Clockmaker proves himself the fastest time killer a-going." — Observer* SAM SLICK'S WISE SAWS AND MODERN INSTANCES ; or, What he Said, Did, or Invented. Second Edition. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. 44 We do not fear to predict that these delightful volumes will be the most popular, as . beyond doubt, they are the best, of all Judge Haliburton's admirable works. The * Wise Saws and Modern Instances' evince powers of imagination and expression far beyond what even his former publications could lead any one to ascribe to the author. We have, it is true long been familiar with his quaint humour and racy narrative, but the volumes before us take a loftier range, and are so rich in fun and good sense, that to offer an extract as a sample would be an injustice to author and reader. It is one of the pleasantest books we ever read, and we earnestly recommend It." — Standard. " The humour of Sam Slick is inexhaustible. He is ever and everywhere a welcome visitor ; smiles greet his approach, and wit and wisdom hang upon his tongue. The present is altogether a most edifying production, remarkable alike for its racy humour, its sound philosophy, the felicity of its illustrations, and the delicacy of its satire. We promise our readers a great treat from the perusal of these ' Wise Saws and Modern Instances,' which contain a world of practical wisdom, and a treasury of the richest fun." — Morning Post. THE AMERICANS AT HOME; OR, BYEWATS BACKWOODS, AND PRAIRIES. Edited by the Author of "SAM SLICK." 3 vols, post 8vo. 31s. 6d. *' In the picturesque delineation of character, and the felicitous portraiture of national features, no writer of the present day equals Judge Haliburton. ' The Americans at Home ? will not be less popular than any of his previous works, " — Post. TRAITS OF AMERICAN HUMOUR. EDITED BY the Author of " SAM SLICK." 3 vols, post 8vo. 31s. 6d. " No man has done more than the facetious Judge Haliburton, through the mouth of the inimitable 'Sam,' to make the old pareut country recognize and appreciate her queer transatlantic progeny. His present collection of comic stories and laughable traits 13 budget of fun full of rich specimens of American humour." — Globe, HURST AND BLACKETT's NEW PUBLICATIONS. 19 PEN AND PENCIL PICTURES. BY THOMAS HOOD. Second Edition, Revised, with Additions. 1 vol. with numerous Illustrations, by the Author, 10s. 6d. bound. "Few will have seen this book announced without having a wish to welcome it. By his poetry and his prose, Thomas Hood the Second distinctly announces himself to be his father's son. His music has a note here and there from the old household lullabies to which his cradle was rocked. Some of his thoughts have the true family cast. But his song is not wholly the song of a mocking-bird— his sentiment can flow in channels of his own j and his speculations and his stories have a touch, taste, and flavour which indicate that Thomas Hood's father's son may ripen and rise into one of those original and indi- vidual authors who brighten the times in which they write, and gladden the hearts of those among whom their lot is cast." — Atheneeum. ** In his ' Pen and Pencil Pictures,' Mr. Thomas Hood, the younger, adds to the agree- able reading proper to the season, pleasant prose and facile verse. The book earns for itself a welcome, and the author does not altogether rely for acceptance on the fact that he inherits from his father a name that is as the name of u dear household friend in English ears." — Examiner. ** We gladly welcome this collection of pictures to our Christmas fireside, and assure our readers that it has a charm to make a long day short. There is much thiit is hereditary in these pages over and above the combination of pen and pencil." — John Bull. THE DEAMATIC WORKS OF MARY RUSSELL MITFORD. Author of "Our Village," " Atherton," &c. 2 vols, post 8vo. "with Portrait of the Author and other Illustrations. 21s. " We recommend Miss Mitford's dramas heartily to all by whom they are unknown. A more graceful addition could not be made to any collection of dramatic works.'* — Blackwood. "Miss Mitford has collected into one chaplet the laurels gathered in her prime of author- ship, and she has given it to the world with a graceful and loving letter of reminiscence and benediction. Laid by the side of the volume of dramatic works of Joanna Baillie, these volumes suffer no disparagement. This is high praise, and it is well deserved." — Athenamm, " Miss Mitford's plays and dramatic scenes form very delightful reading." — Examiner. SONGS OF THE CAVALIERS AND ROUNDHEADS, JACOBITE BALLADS, &c. By G. "W. THORNBURY, Author of " Art and Nature at Home and Abroad," &c. 1 vol. with numerous Illustrations by H. S. Marks. THE M0NARCHS OF THE MAIN; OR, ADVEN- TURES OF THE BUCCANEERS. By G. \V. THORNBURY. 3 vols. 15s. "An unwritten page of the world's history is not to be met with every day. The author of these volumes has discovered one, and has supplied the deficiency. The deeds of alter- nate violence and heroism of the wild adventurers, jyho soon after the discovery of America, started forth in search of plunder, and sometimes of territorial conquest— now sweeping the main with their piratical vessels — now surprising and sacking some rich and flourishing town — now fortifying themselves .in some strong island-hold, where they could bid defiance to a world in arms against them — form the subject of a narrative rich in variety of iucident, and replete with striking exhibitions of life and character. To the lover of maritime ad- venture, these pages offer a fuud.of infinite amusement, doubly attractive from the novelty of the theme." — John Bull. DARIEN; OR, THE MERCHANT PRINCE. BY ELIOT "WARBURTON. Second Edition. 3 vols, post 8vo. "The scheme for the colonization of Darien by Scotchmen, and the opening of a com- munication between the East and West across the Isthmus of" Panama, furnishes the founda- tion of this story, which is in all respects worthy of the high reputation which the author of ttip * Crescent .aud the Cross' .had already made for himself." — John Bull. 20 HURST AND BLACKETT's NEW PUBLICATIONS. FAMILY ROMANCE; OR, DOMESTIC ANNALS OF THE ARISTOCRACY. BY SIR BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of Arms. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. Among the many other interesting legends and romantic family histories com- prised in these volumes, will be found the following : — The wonderful narrative of Maria Stella, Lady Newborough, who claimed on such strong evidence to be a Princess of the House of Orleans, and disputed the identity of Louis Philippe — The story of the humble marriage of the beautiful Countess of Strathmore, and the sufferings and fate of her only child — The Leaders of Fashion, from Gramont to D'Orsay — The rise of the celebrated Baron Ward, now Prime Minister at Parma — The curious claim to the Earldom of Crawford — The Strange Vicissitudes of our Great Families, replete with the most romantic details— The story of the Kirkpatricks of Closeburn (the ancestors of the French Empress), and the re- markable tradition associated with them — The Legend of the Lambtons — The verification in our own time of the famous prediction as to the Earls of Mar — Lady Ogilvy's escape — The Beresford and Wynyard ghost stories correctly told — &c. &c. ** It were Impossible to praise too highly as a work of amusement these two most In- teresting volumes, whether we should have regard to its excellent plan or its not less ex- cellent execution. The volumes are just what ought to be found on every drawing-room table. Here you have nearly fifty captivating romances with the pith of all their interest preserved in undiminished poignancy, and any one may be read in half an hour. It is not the least ot their merits that the romances are founded on fact — or what, at least, has been handed down for truth by long tradition — and the romance of reality far exceeds the romance of fiction. Each story is told in the clear, unaffected style with which the author's former works have made the public familiar, while they afford evidence of the value, even to a work of amusement, of that historical and genealogical learning that may justly be expected of the author of ' The Peerage.' " — Standard. ** The very reading for sea-9ide or fire-side in our hours of idleness." — Athenaeum. THE ROMANCE OF THE FORUM; OR, NARRA- TIVES, SCENES, AND ANECDOTES FROM COURTS OF JUSTICE. SECOND SERIES. BY PETER BURKE, Esa., of the Inner Temple, Barristcr-at-Law. 2 vols, post 8vo. 21s. PRINCIPAL CONTENTS :— Lord Crichlon's Revenge— The Great Douglas Cause — Lord and Lady Kinnaird — Marie Delorme and Her Husband — The Spectral Treasure — Murders in Inns of Court — Matthieson the Foiger — Trials that established the Illegality of Slavery — The Lover Highwayman — The Accusing Spirit — The Attorney-General of the Reign of Terror — Eccentric Occurrences in the Law — Adventuresses of Pretended Rank — The Courier of Lyons — General Sarrazin's Big'my — The Elstree Murder — Count Bocarme and his wife — Professor Webster, &c. "We have no hesitation in recommending this, as one of the most interesting works that have been lately given to the public." — Morning Chronicle. *' The favour with which the first series of this publication was received, has induced Air. Burke to extend his researches, which he has done with great judgment. The incidents forming the subject of the hetond series are as extraordinary in every respect, as those which obtained so high a meed of celebrity for the first. Some of the tales could scarcely be believed to be foun'led in fact, or to be records of events that have startled the world, were there not the incontestable evidence which Mr. Burke has established to prove that they have actually happened." — Messenger. WORKS OF FICTION. 21 BY MRS, FASHIONABLE LIFE ; Or, PARIS AND LONDON. 3 vols. " A very amusing novel." — Standard. "The book has among its merits the invaluable one of being thoroughly read- able." — Examiner. "These volumes abound with graphic pictures of society." — U. S. Mag. GERTRUDE; Or, FAMILY PRIDE. 3 vols. "A wonderfully interesting and original novel." — Herald. " The publication of this work will add to Mrs. Trollope's high reputation as a novelist." — Post. TROLLOPE. LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF A CLEVER WOMAN. 3 vols. " The *Clever Woman * is of the same class with the 'Vicar of Wrexhill,' and * Widow Barnaby.' No person can fail to be amused by it." — Critic. UNCLE WALTER. 3 vols. "An exceedingly entertaining novel. It assures Mrs. Trollope more than ever in her position as one of the ablest fic- tion writers of the day." — Post. BY MRS. GORE, A LIFE'S LESSONS. 3 vols. " 'A Life's Lessons * is not exclusively a tale of fashionable life. The romantic element predominates in it, and in the first volume especially we have sketches of secluded village life and wild scenery which Miss Bronte might have penned. The spirit of the tale is admirable. Mrs. Gore writes more like a woman who knows the world, than a woman of the world. Her literary talents, which are conside- rable, and her social experience, which is wide, are here combined to produce a pleasing fiction, suitable to the taste of the whole world of novel readers." — The Press. MAMMON ; OR, THE HARD- SHIPS OF AN HEIRESS. " Mrs. Gore has not produced a more clever, sparkling and amusing novel than * Mammon. ; " — Critic. PROGRESS & PREJUDICE. 3 vols. " This entertaining and clever novel is not to be analysed, but to be praised, and that emphatically,"^.E^rammer. BY THE AUTHOR OF MARGARET MAITLAND. LILLIESLEAF. Being the Concluding Skries of " Passages in* the Like of Mrs. Mar- garet Maitland." Cheaper Edition, 1 vol. 6s. "The concluding series of passages in the * Life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland* is, to our thinking, superior to the begin- ning; and this we take to be about the most satisfactory compliment we can pay the authoress. There is a vein of simple good sense and pious feeling running throughout, for which no reader can fail to be the better." — Athenceum. 44 ' Lilliesleaf ' is a sequel to the charm- ing ' Passages in the Life of Mrs. Margaret Blaitland,' told also by herself in her own quaint way, and .'A of the same touching grace which won the hearts of so many people, young u.id old. It is to be said hut rarely ot'a sequel that it possesses so mu-h beauty, and so much sus'ained interest, as the tale of " Lilliesleaf." — -iminer. THE DAYS OF MY LIFE. AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 3 Vols. MAGDALEN HEPBURN; A STORY OF THK SCOTTISH REFORMATION. 3 vols. " A well prepared and carefully exe- cuted picture of the society and state of manners in Scotland at the dawn of the Reformation." — Atheneeum. HARRY MUIR. Second Edition. 3 vols. "We prefer 'Harry Muir' to most of the Scottish novels that have appeared since Gait's domestic stories." — Athe- ADAM GRAEME, OF MOSSGRAY. 3 vols. "A story awakening genuine emotions of interest and delight by its admirable pictures of Scottish life and scenery."— Post. 22 WORKS OF FICTION. ROSA GREY. By the Author of "Anne Dysart. 3 v. *' The characters are well delineated, the story is lucidly told, and the conver- sations are spirited, and impressed with the Individuality of the speakers. Alto- gether the work is a success." — Daily News. ISABEL; THE YOUNG WIFE, AND THE OLD \ LOVE. By J C. Jeaffreson, Author of " Crewe Risk." 3 vols. ** A clever picture of modern life, written by a man who has seen the world. ' Isa- bel * Is a fresh, healthy, entertaining book." — Leader. WILDFLOWER. By the Author of "The House of El- wore." 3 vols. "One of the best novels it has lately been our fortune to meet with. The plot is ingenious and novel, and the characters are sketched with a masterly hand." — Press. THE GENERAL'S DAUGHTER. By Capt. Brook J. Knight. 3 vols. EDGAR BARDON. By W. Knighton, M.A, 3 vols. "The story of* Edgar Bardon* is in every way worthy of the author's reputation. It is a remarkable performance, full of exciting incidents, romantic situations, and graphic descriptions." — Post. MR- ARLE. 2 vols. *• * Mr. Arle * is a work of a very high order, and we are offering it no light tribute nbeu we say that, in style and conception, it reminds us of the writings of Mrs. Gaskell."— Juhn Bull. MARGARET AND HER BRIDESMAIDS. By the Author of " Woman's Devotion." "We recommend all who are in search of a fascinating novel lo read this work. There are a freshness and an originality about it quite charming, and there is a certain nobleness in the treatment, both of sentiment and incident, which is not often found." — Athenaeum. HORATIO HOWARD BRENTON. By Capt.Sir E. Helchkh, R.N..C.B. 3 v. " A naval novel of the most genuine and natural kind," — Chronicle. JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN. By the Author of "The Head of the Family." "This Is a very good and a very inte- resting novel. It is designed to trace the career from boyhood to age of a perfect man — a Christian gentleman, and It abounds in incident both well and highly wrought. Throughout it is conceived in high spirit, and written with great ability, better than any former work, we think, of its deservedly successful author." — Ex- aminer. MARRIED FOR LOVE. By the Author of "Cousin Geoffrey." 3 vols. THE YOUNG LORD. By the Author of " The Discipline of Life," &c. 2 vols. " This new novel by Lady Emily Pon- sonby is interesting as a story, and still more to be commended for the profitable lessons it inculcates." — Lit. Gaz. EVELYN MARSTON. By the Author of " Emilia Wyndham." 3 vols. " The author has made in * Evelyn Marston ' a considerable advance over her later fictions. She has chosen a new field for the subject of her tale, and conceived her principal actors with her pristine skill, as well as executed them with her pristine finish." — Spectator. ARTHUR BRANDON. 2 vols. "'Arthur Brandon* abounds in free, vigorous sketches, both of life and scenery, which are dashed off with a freshness and vitality which the reader will feel to be charming. The pictures of Rome and of artist-life hi Rome are especially good." — Athenaeum. "This novel has merits of a very high order. We bear willing testimony to its fine wit and fervid tancy."' — Post. OUT ON THE WORLD. By Hknry Owga.v, L.L.D. 3 vols. " The thoughts i.nd observations of Dr. Owgan's 'Out on the World,* are of a fresh and racy kind, and very different from the generality of novels." — Spectator. EUSTACE CONYERS. By Jamkr Hannav, Esq. 3 vols. " Mr. Hannuy's ablest, wisest, and matureat work," — Athe?ianim, 5* ^t^Ajj^^i^^^xXjj^^^^^^t^^^^^i^^t^Xj^^ 'v- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^s CONTENTS. Philip Howard Earl of Arundel. CHAPTER I. His Birth and Parentage . II. His Childhood and Education PAGE 3 8 III. His going to Court, and the Hurt he receiv'd by it . 12 IV. The Occafions of his Conversion to the Catholic Faith .... 18 V. VI. VII. The Beginning of his Troubles . His Reconciliation to the Church, and Change of Life .... His Refolution to leave the Kingdome, and his Letter to the ^jceen . ZI 26 29 VIII. His Taking at Sea, and Committment to the Tower .... 5 Z IX. His Examination and Cenfure in the Starr-Chamber .... 57 vi Contents. CHAPTEt PAGE X. The SlriSnes of his Imprifonment ,and Hard Ufage therein 66 XI. Other Injuries and Calumnies during his Imprifonment 7i XII. The Means and Manner how He was Intrafd ..... 79 XIII. His Examination about that Bufinefs 83 XIV. His Arraignment and Condemnation 89 XV. What he did after his Condemnation 96 XVI. The Manner of his Life in y e Tower 105 XVII. The Occafion of his laft Sicknefs, and Manner of his Death . 112- XVIII. His Burial, and other Accidents after his Death .... 122 XIX. A Defcription of his Perfon, and Na- tural Gifts .... I26 XX. Some of his Moral Vertues 131 XXI. The Care of his Confcience, and Sor- row for his Sins '39 XXII. His Conftancy in the Catholick Faith H7 xxm. His Chearfulnefs in Suffering, and Confidence in God 152 XXIV. His Charity and Good Dcjires 156 XXV. The great Good Eftimation others had of Him ..... 161 CONTENTS. The Lady Anne CountefTe of Arundell and Surrey. CHAPTER I. Her Birth, Parentage, and Education II. Her Marriage, and the Means ufed to pervert her Judgement in Religion The Unkind Ufage Jhe received from her Hujbandfor a Time The Occafion and Means of her Con- verfion V. Her Imprifonment, and the Manifold Afflift 'ions Jhe underwent after her Converfion VI. The Queen's Hatred towards Her III. IV. PAGE .67 172 178 182 186 191 Vlll Contents. CHAPTER PAGE VII. Her Grief for the Death of the Earl her Hufband .... 196 VIII. The Manner of her Life in the Time of her Widowhood 202 IX. Her Almes-deeds .... 208 X. Her Charitable Deeds to Priefts, and Religious Per Jons 215 XL The Education, True Love, and Affec- tion to her Children 223 XII. Her Care of her Servants, and Go- verment of her Family 236 XIII. Her Courtefy and Charity towards her Neighbours 245 XIV. Her laft Sicknefs, Death, Burial 252 XV. The Efteem which great Princes and Nobles had of her 264 XVI. A Defcription of her Perfon, and Manner of Attire 269 XVII. Her Judgment, Prudence, and DiJ- cretion .... 274 XVIII. Her Humility 282 XIX. Her Conftancy, and Magnanimity 289 XX. Her Piety and Devotion 296 XXI Her Charity .... 3°4 The Life and Death of The Renowned Confejfor PHILIP HOWARD EARL OF ARUNDEL, etc. B CHAPTER I. His Birth and Parentage. Amongst the many Noble Families of this Kingdome, no one has been more famous, or more illuftrious in thefe latter times, than that of the Howards ; nor in it any more worthy of Memory than the Lord Philippe Howard Earl of Arundel and Surrey, who was born at Arundel Houfe in London upon S. Peter the Apoftle's Eve being y e 28 of June in the year of our Lord 1557, and the fourth of the Reign of the vertuous Queen Mary of worthy Memory for her Piety and Religion. His Father was 'Thomas the la ft Duke of Norfolk who by the appointment of Queen '557- The Life and Death 1557- Queen Elifabeth was beheaded upon the Tower Hill in the year 157 a, and the fourteenth of her Reign. He was a Prince of a very moderate Difpofition and moral good Life, tho' not a little infefted with Herefy by reafon of his Education in his Aunt the DuchefTe of Richmond's houfe, which was a receptacle and harbor of pernicious Perfons tainted in that kind, and in particular of the Infamous Apoftat John Bale, as alfo of John Fox, the Author of that peftilent Boole called A5is and Monuments. His Mother was the Lady Mary Fitz- allen younger Daughter and Heire of Henry Fitzallen the laft Earl of Arun- del of that name, who died in her Child- bed of him being not then full 17 years of age, to the incredible grief of the Earl her Father, the Duke her hufband, and all their friends me being of fo fweet and amiable Difpofition, fo prudent, pious, vertuous and religious, that all who knew her could not but love and efteem her much, and confequently lament the lofs of her. He of the Earl of Arundel. He was baptif'd a few days after his Birth in the Chappel of the Queen's Pallace of Whitehall with great Solem- nity, the King, Queen, and all the Principal Perfons of the Court being there prefent. The Ceremony was per- formed by that worthy Prelat Doctor Nicolas Heath then Archbifhop of Tork and Chancellor of the Kingdome, in a font of Gold made of purpofe and kept in the Treafury only for the Chriften- ing of the Children of the Princes of the Realm. His Godfathers were the King Philippe himfelf of whom he re- ceiv'd his Name, and it was the laft publick Act the King did before his going to the befieging and taking of Saint Qjuintin in France, for that very day he departed thitherward, and never after returned to this Kingdome. The other was his Grandfather the Earl of Arundel, to whom afterwards for want of IfTue male he did fucceed in that Title and Eftate. And the old Ducheffe of Norfolk his Great-grandmother was the Godmother. After 1557- The Life and Death •5 57- After the death of his Mother the Duke his Father married M rs Margaret Audley, the fole Daughter and Heir of Sir Thomas Audley of Walden in Effex Knight and Baronite, who had been L d Chancellor in the Time of King Henry the Eight, and by her he had two Sons, the Lord Thomas Howard, who after was created Earl of Suffolk by- King James. And the Lord William Howard who is yet living. And one Daughter, the Lady Margaret who was married to M r Robert Sackvil Son and Heir to the then Lord Buckhurft, and after Earl of Dorfet, and Treafurer of the Realm. The Duke after the death of his fecond Wife married the third time the Lady Dacres Daughter of Sir James Labourn a Knight of Lancafhire, and Widow to the Lord Dacres of y e North. And fhe having one Son, and three Daughters, the Duke intended to have married his Daughter the Lady Margaret to that Son ; and his three Sons after the Death of that yong Lord Dacres (who was flain cafually of the Earl of Arundel. cafually at 'Thetford by the fall of a vaulting Hors upon him) to her three Daughters. As in effect the Earl of Surrey his eldeft was to Ann her eldeft, and the Lord William to Elizabeth y e youngeft. Chap. II. 1557- "The Life and "Death CHAPTER II. His Childhood and Education. i5 6 9- I need not here exprefs the great care the Duke his Father had of him during his Infancy and Childhood, as being his Eldeft Son, and Heir both of his own Houfe, and that of his Grandfather the Earl of Arundel. It will be fufficient to fignify how he appointed a grave and ancient Gentlewoman to have the over- feeing and looking to him during his Infancy, and fome others to teach him the firft Rudiments of Learning until he came to be of fufficient Capacity for further teaching, the which in him was fooner than ordinary by reafon of his natural of /fo'Earl of Arundel. natural Vivacity and Forwardnefs of Wit. For that purpofe and for his better Education, the Duke made choice of M r Gregory Martin Fellow at that time of S c John's College in Oxford, a man of great Learning and Knowledge efpe- cially in the Greek and Hebrew tongues, and of extraordinary Modefty and Mo- deration in his Behaviour. But he being wholy Catholick in his judgment and affection, either could not, or would not ftay with him after that the Duke in time of his troubles had given order that cer- tain forward Minifters ihould preach unto his Houfhold and Family, and that all therein Ihould frequent Service, Sermons, and the like : and either then or foon after he refolv'd to become Catholick and go beyond Seas, where he was after- wards made Prieft, writ divers learned Books in defence of Catholick Religion, lived very vertuoufly and died happily. The Earl during that time he had the charge of him profited much in his learning, and by that he then faw in him, and 1569. io The Life and Death ] 5 6 9- and hear'd of him, he was afterwards much furthered towards his Converfion to the Catholick. Faith. As foon as he came to the age of Twelve years complete, he was by the appointment of his Father, and his own free confent publickly marry'd or be- trothed to M re Ann Dacres eldeft Daugh- ter and Heir, as was faid before, of the Lord Dacres of the North, her Mother the Duke's third Wife being dead fome years before. And about two years after that when he was at years of full con- fent, that is, after fourteen complete they were married again by fpecial Order from the Duke then Prifoner in the Tower, out of fear left the firft Marriage as being made before his Son was come to perfect age, might be annulled by order of the £hteen, or fome other means, as not without reafon he might fufpect fome would attempt it fhould, had it not been made paft breaking by iterating y e Contract the fecond time. 1572. Not long after his Father's death, which happened in the year 1572, when he of the Earl of Arundel. 1 1 he was about 15 years of age together J 572- with his two younger Brothers he went to the Univerfity of Cambridge and re- main'd there two years or thereabouts : what Benefit he reaped by his being there in matter of learning, I cannot well affirm ; but certain it is, that in other refpects he receiv'd no fmal Detriment, partly by the bad Example he there faw, partly by the Liberty permitted him, but principally by y e Flattery of fome Mini- fters, the which was fo palpable fome- times, that his Lady has often told me ihe was afhamed to hear it. Chap. III. 1 1 "The Life and Death '575- CHAPTER III. His going to Court, and the Hurt HE RECEIV'D BY IT. About the eighteenth year of his age he went to Court, where he was drawn into many great inconveniences : as firft ******^3& for which after his Converfion he fhew'd much Sor- row, and in part of Satisfaction, as him- felf fignify'd in a Letter out of the Tower to Father Robert Southwell of the So- ciety of Jefus, who then liv'd with his Lady, and afterwards was a glorious Martirr, intended at his going out to have diftributed to the Poor all the Money which could have been made of fuch Rings, of the Earl of Arundel. 13 Rings, Jewels, and other Tokens, which had been given, fent, or prefented to him by any Perfons of evil condition. And fo free was he ever after from fuch Faults, that he could, and upon a juft occafion did proteft in another Letter to y e fame Father, that after he became a member of the Holy Catholick Church he never was once guilty therein. Secondly. Not long after his being at Court, he began firft to neglect his Wife, feldome either comeing or fending to vifit her : and after fome time in a man- ner to reject her, by fignifying and fay- ing unto fome, that he knew not whether ihe were his Wife or no, and fo wholy abfenting himfelf from her, as if really he had not fo reputed her. The occafion of this was, a great defire he had to give Con- tentment to the Queen : for having un- derstood by fome who had cauf'd his Na- tivity to be calculated, that he fhou'd be in great danger to be overthrown by a Woman (the which he interpreted to be no other than the Queen) he endea- vour'd by all means to get and keep her favour : '575- 1 4 The Life and Death '575- favour: and becaufe he well perceived me could not endure his Lady (nor in- deed the Wife of any one to whom fhe fhew'd any fpecial grace) thereupon he neglected her in fuch manner as was notorious to all who knew them, and feem'd to cafe thofe doubts whether fhe were his Wife or no, tho' for more fure- nefs they had been twice married, as I have faid, and as Man and Wife had liv'd fome years in houfe togather. But thofe fhews of doubt lafted not long : for foon after his Grandfather the Earl of Arun- del's death, which happen'd in the year 1580. 1580, he came and cohabited with her about the three-and-twentith year of his age, and had two Children by her, a Son who now is Earl of Arundel, and a Daughter who died young. And after his becoming Catholick he ufed her ex- ceeding well, was very repentant for his unkind and hard ufage of her, and often afk'd her pardon for it, as fhall hereafter be declared. Thirdly. He was induced by the bad counfel of fome he met with at Court, fet of the Earl of Arundel. *5 fet on fecretly, as was thought, by higher Power, to neglect his Duty in a manner wholy to the Earl his Grandfather, and to behave himfelf in fuch manner towards his Aunt the Lady Lumley, as cauf'd much grief to her, and much difguft to the Earl her Father, who much loved and efteem'd her as fhe well deferv'd for her Vertue and Difcretion, and by that means they both were fo averfed from him, that they alienated unto others a great part of their Eftates which other- wife would have come from them to him. If the Earl his Grandfather's Eftate had defcended entirely upon him, it join'd to his Father's and to that Part of the Dacres land which he poffefled in right of his Wife, would have made him of the greateft Wealth and Power without comparifon of any Subjecl in the Realm. And therefore the £hieen, or fome poli- tick perfons about her, fearing he might be too great, ufed fuch means, that by evil counfel he was drawn into courfes fo difpleafing to his Grandfather and Aunt, that they left him but little in comparifon 1580. i6 The Life and Death '58°- comparifon of that which otherwife they would. Laftly. By his following of the Court he wafted a great part of that Eftate which was left him, by profufe Expences of great Summs of Money in diverfe Tiltings and Tourneys made upon the anniverfary dayes of the ghteen's Coro- nation to pleafe her, and at the enter- tainment of certain great EmbafTadors, as alfo by the entertaining of the §>ueen herfelf, firft at his houfe of Keninghall in Norfolk, where for divers dayes he lodged and feafted not only herfelf, and all her Family, the Council, Courtiers, and all their Company, but all the Gen- tlemen alfo, and people of the Country, who came thither upon that occafion, in fuch plentifull, bountifull, and fplendid manner, as the like had never been feen before in thofe Countrys. And after, he did the like at his houfe in Norwich the fame Summer when fhe came thi- ther in progrefs to fee that City and Country. So deeply by thefe means he came to be indebted, that in many years after of the Earl of Arundel. 17 after he was fcarce able to clear himfelf of them, and in fine could not do it without Sale of a good quantity both of his own, and his Lady's Lands. Chap. IV. c 1580. i8 The Life and Death CHAPTER IV. The Occasions of his Conversion to the Catholics Faith. '581- The Inconveniences mentioned in the precedent Chapter were very great, into all which he fell by following the Court : But there was another far greater than them all, which proceeded from the fame, to wit ; a total neglecl of his duty to Almighty God. For during all that time, he was fo carry'd away with Com- pany, youthfull entertainments, pleafures and delights, that his mind being wholy pofTefTd with them, and other worldly vanities, he did fcarce fo much as think of God (as himfelf afterwards acknow- ledged) of the Earl of Arundel. ledged) or of anything concerning Reli- gion, or the Salvation of his Soul : until by the Providence of God it fo happen'd that he was prefent at the Difputation which was made in the Tower of London in the year 158 1 concerning diverfe points of Religion betwixt F r Edmond Campion of the Society M r Sherwin and fome other Priefts of the one part ; Charke, Fulk, Whitakers and fome other Proteftants Minifters of the other. For by that he faw and heard there, he eafily perceiv'd on which fide the Truth, and true Religion was, tho' at that time, nor untill a year or two after, he neither did nor intended to embrace and follow it : and after he did intend it a good while parTed before he did execute it. For, as himfelf fignify'd in a letter which he afterwards writ in the time of his Impri- fonment in the Tower to F r Southwell, he refolved to become Catholick long before he could refolve to live as a Catholick, and thereupon he defer'd the former until he had an intent and refo- lute purpofe to perform the latter. The 1581. 20 The Life and Death 1581-3. The which (being aided by a fpecial grace of God) he made walking one day alone in the Gallery of his Caftle at Arun- del: where after a long and great con- flict within himfelf, lifting up his eies and hands to Heaven, he firmly refolved to become a member of God's Church, and to frame his life accordingly ; yet kept it fecret, neither making his Lady, nor any other perfon living acquainted therewith. Untill after fome few dayes going to Lon- don and meeting his Brother the Lord William Howard to whome he bore a fpecial love, he difcover'd his determi- nation to him tho' fomewhat covertly, and after he had lent him a Catholick book to read vF h was written not long before by M r Doffor Allen, he dealt fo efficaciously with him, that he alfo re- folved to be a Catholick. Chap. V. of the Earl of Arundel. 21 CHAPTER V. The Beginning of his Troubles. They having both of them made this determination of becomeing Catholicks, becaufe the Times were then exceeding troublefome, and they did apprehend great danger in declareing themfelves for fuch within the Kingdome, therefore after much Confultation they refolv'd fecretly to leave the Land, and with only one Gentleman in their company (M r Nicolas Walgrave) to pafs into Flanders and there to remain till more quiet times. His Secretary M r John Momford who was already then a Catholick and ac- quainted 1583. 11 The Life and Death 1583. quainted with their Refolution, the Earl did fend to Hull in Torkjhire with order to embark himfelf from thence into fome part in Flanders and there to meet him, or expect his comeing : But he before he could get paffage there, being appre- hended and carry'd before the Earl of Huntington then Prefident of York, could not perform his Lord's Command ; but was compell'd to return to London back again, where he found him not yet gon, but makeing Preparation to receive the Queen at Arundel Houfe upon notice given him that fhe intended ere long to come thither for her recreation. A very great and fumptuous Banquet he made her when fhe came, wherewith at that time fhe feem'd very well con- tented and gave him many thanks for her entertainment there : but not long after fhe fhew'd little gratitude for it, fending a Command he mould not go any whither out of that houfe, but remain therein as Prifoner, giveing alfo Com- mifTion to the Lord Hun/don (who in former times had been the Duke his Fa- ther's of the Earl of Arundel. 23 trier's Page and now was his great enimy) to examin him about his religion, whereof the §)ueen began to have him in Sufpition, alfo about Cardinal Allen, and the ghieen of Scots mother to King James. Whereto in all things he anfwer'd fo wife and warily, that the Lord had no mind to moleft him any more with any fuch Demands. But about a month after Sir Chrijlo- ■pher Hatton, who at that time was Cap- tain of y e Guard fent for M r John Mom- ford and alked him diverfe dangerous queftions concerning the Earl, y e Coun- teffe his Wife, and his Brother the L d William, as alfo of himfelf whether he were a Prieft or no. To which he an- fwerd that he neither knew, nor ever heard any hurt at all of any of thofe honourable perfons, and that himfelf was neither Prieft, nor worthy fo great a dig- nity. That night he was committed to clofe cuftody and the next day he was examin'd again upon feventeen inter- rogatories, in all which he ever clear'd himfelf, the Earl, his Lady, and Brother from i 5 g 3 . 24 The Life and Death 15&3. from all Sufpitions of fuch Crimes as were furmifed of them. The day following he was examin'd the third time, and whilfl he was in ex- amination, upon the fuddain unexpectedly , the Queen, the Earl of Leicefter and di- verfe others of the Council came into the houfe to understand, as it feems, what he had confefTed. Sir Chriftofher told them what anfwer he had made to everything, but they not refting fatisfy'd therewith cauPd him after many threats of racking and other Tortures, to be fent prifoner to the Gatehoufe, where he was kept fome months fo clofe, that none might fpeak or come unto him. After which time he was carry'd to Whitehall, and there again moft ftraitly examined by the Earl of Leicefter, the L d Hun/don, S r Francis Walfingham then Secretary to the Queen, and fome other of the Council. Norton the rack matter being prefent who falfly accufed him of many things, and objected great matters againft the Earl and his Lady affirming him to be privy to them all. But by his anfwers he fo cleared himfelf, of the Earl of Arundel. 25 himfelf, and declared their Innocency, J 5 8 3- that within a fhort time they were all fet at liberty, and not long after Norton their accufer for fome heinous Offences was caft into the Tower of London where he died miferably. Chap. VI. i6 The Life and Death CHAPTER VI. His Reconciliation to the Church, and Change of Life. '5 8 3- By occafion of thofe treubles the Earl had defer'd his Reconciliation to the Church of God, which he very earneftly defired : but could not put in execution for want of means and opportunity. So foon therefore as they were a little over- pafled, he ufed fuch diligence therein, that he procured a Meeting with Father William Wefton a very vertuous and religious Prieft of the Society of J ejus well known in England by the name of F r Edmonds, and much efteem'd in it and other Cuntries for his conftant fuffer- ine of the Earl of Arundel. 27 ing of 17 years imprifonment in the Tower of London, Wijbich and other places for the Profeflion of the Catholiclc Re- ligion. When he was firft taken, and put pri- foner in the Clinck, the Counteffe of Arundel went in Difguife to vifit him, and offering by means of Money to procure his Banifhment, as was ufual in thofe times, his anfwer was, as me her felf told me, that he was not committed to pri- fon for Money, fo neither would he be releafed by Money, but expect till either God, or they by whofe authority he was deprived of his Liberty mould of their own accord fet him free as he was after- wards at the entrance of King James, who fent him with fome others into Banifhment wherein he ended his dayes at the City of Valladolid in Spain with opinion of great Sanctity. By this good man was the Earl recon- ciled in the year 1584, and by his means receiv'd fuch Comfort to his Soul as he never had felt before in all his life, and fuch good Directions for the amending and 1584 The Life and Death I sH- and ordering of his life, as afterwards did greatly help and farther him therein. For, ever after that time he lived in fuch manner, as that he feem'd to be chang'd into another man, having great Care and Vigilance over all his actions, and addict- ing himfelf much to Piety and Devo- tions. For which purpofe forthwith he procured to have a Prieft ever with him in's own houfe, by whom he might fre- quently receive the Holy Sacrament, and dayly have the Comfort to be prefent at the Celebration of the Holy Sacrifice, whereto with great humility and rever- ence he himfelf in perfon many times would ferve. Chap. VII. of the Earl of Arundel. CHAPTER VII. His Resolution to leave the King- dome, and his letter to the Queen. This fo great Change in his Manner of Life was foon noted and obferved by fome Courtiers and potent Men, who thereupon began mainly to fufped him to be what he was indeed, and fome who were his Evillwillers did intend to make that as a Means to work his Ruin and Overthrow. At left he was fo inform'd of them, and giving Credit thereunto he began again to think of leaving the King- dome and going into France, where he thought he might both live more fafely, and 15S4. 30 The Life arid Death •585- and ferve God more quietly. Father Wefton did all he could to difwade him from that courfe, as himfelf told me more than once, but either his own fear, or fome other's men's perfuafions were more prevailing, he^ refolved to go, and with as much privacy, as poffibly might be, in fo much that he did not acquaint his Lady therewith, who by fome other means having got notice thereof did very earneftly defire to have gon with him. But becaufe fhe then was with Child of her Son, and for fome other Reafons, he, not thinking it then convenient, perfuaded her to ftay behind him, affureing her that afterwards he would take fuch Order that me mould follow him. And becaufe he did think that his Enemies after his Departure would by their flanderous Reports endeavour to difgrace him with the People and caufe the £>ueen to have unifier Surmifes of him, he writ a long Letter to her which he left with his Sifter the Lady Margaret Sackvil to be delivered unto her after his arrival in France, by which it might appear of the Earl of Arundel. 3 1 appear both to her and all others, what were the true Caufes moving him to undertake that Refolution. The tenor thereof was as follows : May it fleafe your Moft Excellent Majefty. As the Difpleafure of a Prince is a heavier burden to bear, than the hard Conceit of a meaner and inferior Perfon : fo it is not lawfull for any, and lefs con- venient for them to fettle an opinion of Miflike before either there appear fome caufe fufficient to procure it, or there be a fault committed worthy to deferve it. I fpeak not this, that I doubt of your Majefty's gratious Difpofition, or that I fear you will condemn me without juft and evident proof (for I know it agrees with the honour of your Eftate, and I can witnefs it hath been the manner of your Proceedings to know the Caufe be- fore you give the Cenfure and to hear the Matter, before you condemn the Per- fon) but I fpeak with humility, that I may receive 1585- 3 1 The Life and Death 1585. receive this favourable and indifferent dealing at your Majefty's hands : becaufe as I am moft defirous to conferve your gratious and good opinion, fo am I moft earned to remove all Impediments that may hinder or withdraw the fame. And befides, for that many actions at the firft fhew may feem rafti and unadvifed, which after ripe and fufficient confederation of the Caufe, do appear to be juft and ne- ceffary. I moft humbly befeech your Moft Excellent Majefty to vouchfafe but the reading of this fimple Writing, and in allowing me this (which is no more than your Majefty's place doth require you to beftow upon your meaneft Subjects, and the gratioufnefs of your nature hath alwayes moved you to grant to every Sutor) your Majefty mail do a thing which is pleafing in the fight of God, and honourable in the eies of y e world you fhall take a courfe which is worthy of yourfelf and do that Juftice which appertaineth to your Eftate : To be fhort, I doubt not by this means both your Majefty fhall reft fatisfy'd in feeing the true of the Earl of Arundel. 33 true and full Defence of my dealing, and I reremain happy, being delivered from all fear and fufpition of your Difpleafure. And becaufe the courfe of my former Life may in fome part exprefs the reafon of my prefent fact:, I moft humbly befeech y r Majety y' with favour I may put in remembrance how fince my firft comeing to the Court which is nine or 10 years paft at the lean:, it hath been my chiefeft care to perform that which I thought might moft content you, how I have been alwayes ready and ever willing to do you that fervice, which either duty required at my hands, or the fmalnefs of my ability would permitt. Your Majefty beft knoweth, and for proof thereof I will appeal to no other Judge than your felf, tho' I could juftly call a great part of your Realm to be witnefs herein. And fo happy I was before fome years, in that it pleafed your Majefty to accept my fervice in gratious part, and to conceive a favourable opinion of all mine aclions, as I accounted the labours I took a comfort. I made my felf 1585- 34 The Life and Death I 5 8 5- felf a ftranger to my own hous to be a continual waiter upon your Ma^ , and liked to live in any fort at the Court, rather than in the beft manner at home : for I thought my felf happieft when I was neareft to your Ma'y, and my time beft fpent, when I beftow'd it in doing of your fervice. But at the laft whether the malice of mine Adverfaries by reafon of your Majefty's good countenance towards me, did begin to be greater than it was, or their credit with your Ma 1 ? for my mifhap did grow to be more than in times part it had been, I know not: but I did find by little and little your good opinion declined, and your favours, as I thought, fomewhat eftranged from me. I heard from time to time how your Ma"? took exceptions at many of my actions, and how it pleafed you dayly in your difcourfes to bewray an hard and evil opinion of me. I faw that fuch as evermore you hated in your heart and thofe which before you had not favour'd, did winne your Ma'?' 5 good countenance, which till that time they could by no means of the Earl of Arundel. 35 means obtain, and befides that, received protection and affiftance from y r Ma^ in all their actions againfl: me, prefently after they had ofFer'd me wrong, and were become my adverfaries. Notwithftanding all this I knowing my confcience to be clear came at con- venient times to do my duty to your Ma*?, and though it pleafed you at fome times to talk with me, yet your Ma*? never charged me with the leaft fault or offence unto you ; and thofe adverfaries of mine, who did bark behind my back durft never accufe me, nor once open their mouths to my face. So that I ac- counted my hap very ill, that I was wrongfully accufed, but much worfe, becaufe at no time I was openly charg'd, whereby I might have had a juft occa- fion both to have fhew'd mine Innocency, and to have fatisfy'd your Majeftie's fuf- pition. For firfl: ; feeing your Ma"? to countenance my adverfaries who feek of purpofe to difgrace me, and that you would not many times in their prefence vouchfafe fo much as once bend your eies 15S5. 3& The Life and Death 1585. eies to the place where I flood. Secondly. I finding them encouraged to mine In- jury diverfe wayes by y e help of your favour, my felf being unable to defend my felf any wayes by reafon of your dif- pleafure. Laftly. Perceiving by your Majefties open difgrace, which all men did note, and by your bitter Speech, which moft men did know, that I was generally accounted, nay that I was in a manner pointed at as one whome your Majefty did leaft favour, and moft dif- grace, and as a perfon whome you did deeply fufpect, and efpecially miflike I knew this fmoke did bewray a fire, and I faw thofe clouds did foretell a ftorm, and therefore I prepared my felf with patience to endure whatfoever it was the Will of God by means of your Ma ties indignation to lay upon me, being affured that my faults towards you were none, though mine offences towards others were many. And thus having refolved my felf to en- dure whatfoever ftiould happen : I con- tinued fome months in this deep difgrace without either knowing what was the ground of the Earl of Arundel. 37 ground of your Ma ries difpleafure, or hearing what mould be the end of my own misfortune : till at laft I was called at your Majefties commandment before your Council at two feveral times, where many things were objected againft me, and fome of them fuch trifles, as they were ridiculous, others of them could not be juftify'd. And yet notwithftand- ing that mine Innocency did fo evidently appear by mine anfwers, as my greateft Adverfaries could not reprove me of the fmaleft offence or undutifullnefs to your Majefty, I was commanded to keep my Houfe wherefore I faw it was refolved by the courfe of this dealing that how clear or manifeft foever mine Innocency was my Adverfaries mould receive the tri- umph of the Victory in having what they would, and I feel the difgrace of mine own misfortune in endureing that, which no way I deferved, and mine enimies to maintain their doing by fome colourable fhew, feeing they could not juftifie their accufations by any fufficient proof, pro- cured that your Ma'* mould fend fome of your 1585. 38 The Life and Death i 5 8 S . your Council four dayes after my re- ftraint to examin me of new Matters, which were of greater weight, and im- portance ; but as improbable as the former and I difcharged my felf, as clearly as of the other before mentioned, fo as mine Innocency did more plainly appear, altho' my reftraint did conti- nue. For, after this my laft examina- tion, I remained in the fame eftate fifteen weeks at the leaft ; no man charging me with the leaft offence, nor my con- fcience being able to accufe me of the fmaleft fault. And at the laft, when either mine enimies could not for fhame longer continue their unconfcionable pro- ceedings, or that your Ma*? was informed by fome of my Friends, that I had too long endured this puniihment, I was re- ftored to my former liberty without hear- ing any juft caufe of your Majefties hard conceit, or any good colour why I was committed, or but y c fhadow of a fault which I might be touched with. Wherefore after I had efcaped fafely thofe ftorms and when I was clearly de- livered of the Earl of Arundel. 39 livered from all my troubles, I began to call to remembrance the heavy fentence which had lighted upon thofe three of mine Ancestors, who immediately went before me. The nrft being my great Grandfather, who was fo free from all fufpition and fhew of any fault, as be- caufe they had no colour of matter to bring him to his anfwer, they attainted him by Act of Parliament, without ever calling him to his anfwer. The fecond being my Grandfather was brought to his tryal, and condemned for fuch trifles as amazed the ftanders by at that time, and it is ridiculous at this time to hear the fame. Nay he was fo faultlefs in all refpects as the Earl of Southampton that then was, being one of his greater! eni- mies fearing left his innocency would be a mean to fave his life, told Sir Chrifto- pher Heydon (being one of his Jury) be- fore hand, that tho' he faw no other matter weighty enough to condemn him ; yet it were fufficient reafon to make him fay guilty, for that he was an unmeet man to live in a Commonwealth. The laft 1585. 40 The Life and Death >5 8 5- laft being my Father was arraign'd ac- cording to the Law and condemned by his Peers. God forbid that I mould think but that his Tryers did that where- unto their confciences did lead them. And yet give me leave I moft humbly befeech your Ma 1 ? to fay thus much that howfoever he might unwittingly or un- willingly be drawn into greater danger than himfelf did either fee or imagin : yet all his actions did plainly declare and his greateft enimies muft of neceflity con- fefs, y c he never carry'd any difloyal mind to your Ma'? nor intended any un- dutifull act to his Country. And when I had in this fort both fully and throughly confidered the fortune of thofe three which were paft I called to mind mine own danger w* 11 was prefent, and did think it not impomble by the fhew of this rough beginning, but I might as well follow them in their fortune, as I have fucceeded them in their place. For I considering the greatnefs of mine eni- mies power to overthrow me ; and in the weaknefs of my felf, no ability to defend me, of the Earl of Arundel. 4 1 me, I perceived in my late trouble how narrowly my life was fought, and how eafily your Ma^ was drawn into a fufpi- tious and hard opinion of my Anceftors, and by my paft dangers how mine Inno- cency was no fufficient warrant to proteft my felf. I knew my felf, and befides was charged by your Council to be of that Religion, which they accounted odious, and dangerous to your ftate. Laftly, but principally I weigh'd in what miferable and doubtfull cafe my foul had remained, if that my life had been taken, as it was not unlikely by former troubles : for I proteft the greateft burden that refted in my confcience at that time was becaufe I had not liv'd according to the prefcript rule of that which undoubtedly I believe and affuredly prefume to be the truth. Wherefore being fomewhat induced by all thefe reafons, but chiefly moved by this laft argument, I thought that the not performing of my duty towards God in fuch fort as I knew W 1 pleafe him beft, might be a principal occafion of my late punifhment : 1585. 4 2 T^he Life and "Death 1585. punifhment: and therefore refolved whilft I had oportunity to take the courfe which might be fure to fave my foul from the danger of ihipwrack altho' my body were fubjecl to y e peril of misfortune. And ever fince I followed and purfued this good intent of mine, tho' I per- ceiv'd fomewhat more danger to mine eftate, yet I humbly thank God I have found a great deal more quietnefs in my mind. And in this refpedt I have juft occafion to efteem my paft troubles as my greateft felicity. For both of them were (tho' indirectly) the means to lead me to that courfe, which ever brings per- fect quietnefs, and only procures eternal happynefs. And being refolved rather to endure any punifhment then willingly to decline from the beginning I had be- gun, I did bend myfelf wholy as near as I could to continue in the fame without any act which was repugnant to my Faith and Profeffion. And by means hereof was compelled to do many things which might procure peril to my felf, and be an occafion of miflike unto your Majefty: for of the Earl of Arundel. 43 for the firft day of this Parliament when your Ma'? with all your Nobility was hearing of a Sermon in the Cathedral Church of Weftminfter above in the Chancel, I was driven to walk by my felf below in one of the Ifles. And one day this laft Lent when your Ma'y was hearing another Sermon in y e Chappel at Greenwich, I was forced to ftay all that while in the Prefence Chamber. To be fhort, when your Ma'y went upon any Sunday or Holyday to your great Clofet, I was forced to flay either in the Privy Chamber, and not to wait upon you at all, or els prefently to depart as foon as I had brought you to the Chappel. Thefe things and many more I could by no means efcape, but only by an open plain difcovery of my felf in the eye and opi- nion of all men as the true caufe of my refufal, neither could it long be hidden, altho' for a while it were not generally noted and obferved. Wherefore fince I faw that of necemty it muft fhortly be difcover'd, and with all remember'd what a watchfull and jea- lous 1585. 44 'fhe Life and Death 1585. lous eye was carry'd over all thofe who were known to be Recufants, and there- withall calling to mind how all their lodgings were continually fearched, and to how great danger they were fubjecT:, if a Jefuit or Seminary Prieft were found within their houfes. I began to confider that either I could not ferve God in fuch fort as I had profefled, or elfe I mufl: incurre the hazard of greater punifhment than I was willing to endure. I flood refolute and unremoveable in the firft, tho' it were with danger of life, and therefore did apply my mind to devife what means I could for avoiding of the laft. Long I was debateing with my felf what courfe to take. For when I confi- der'd in what continual danger I did re- main here in England both by the Laws heretofore eftablifh'd and by a new AcT: lately made, I did think it the fafeft way to depart out of the Realm, and abide in fome other place, where I might live without danger of my confcience, without offence to your Majefty, without this fervil abjection to mine enimies, and without of the Earl of Arundel. 45 without the dayly peril to my life. And yet I was drawn by fuch forcible perfua- fions to be of another opinion, as I could not eafily refolve on which part to ground and fettle my determination. For on the one fide my native Country, my Friends, my Wife and Kinsfolkes did invite me to flay : on y e other fide, the misfortune of my houfe, the power of my adverfaries, the remembrance of my former troubles, and the knowledge of my prefent danger did haften me to go. And in the end I found no middle courfe, but either I mufl venture to live in ex- treme poverty abroad, or to be fure to remain in continual danger at home. I regarded more the hazard of my life, wherein flood the peril of my Eflate, and I rather fought the prefervation of my life, than the profit of my living. Where- fore after I had weigh'd as many dangers as I could remember, and was perfwaded that to depart the Realm was the fafefl way I could take, I did refolve to take the benefit of a happy wind to avoid the violence of a bitter florm, and knowing that i 5 8 5 . 4 6 'The Life and Death , s 8 5- that the dealing of thofe who go beyond feas tho' their intent be never fo good and dutifull, were yet evil thought of: I prefumed to write this Letter to your Ma*', and in it to declare the true caufes and reafons of my departure, both to remove all occafions of doubt and fufpi- tion from your Maf, which otherwife this fuddain departure of mine might procure. And alfo to fettle as much as lyeth in me your good and gratious opinion of me, which as I have been moft defireous to enjoy, fowill I be mod willing to deferve : and becaufe my Ad- verfaries may take this as a fit opportu- nity to bewray their malice, and kindle your Majefty's indignation againft me, I moft humbly befeech your Ma'f to aflc fuch as you do think do hate me moft, whether being of that Religion which I do profefie, and ftanding every way in the ftate and condition wherein I did remain, they would not have taken that courfe for fafety of their fouls, and dif- charge of their confciences which I did. And either they muft directly tell you that of the Earl of Arundel. 47 that they would have done the fame, or acknowledge themfelves plainly to be meer Atheifts, which howfoever they be affecled in their harts, I think they would be loath to confefs with their mouths : and when they have fatisfied your Ma^ in this point which is the firft, I befeech you to aik them of the fecond, w 011 is the laft. Whether having had their houfe fo fatally and fo fucceffively touched, and finding themfelves to be of that Religion which is accounted dangerous and odious to the prefent State, whether having been hardly handled, long reftrain'd, and openly difgraced heretofore for nothing, and might now be drawn for their con- fciences into great and continual danger. Whether having fome in chiefeft credit with your Majefty their mortal and pro- fefPd enimies, and {landing fufpected in your Ma^ opinion both in refpecT: of their Father who was taken away in your Ma^ time, and of themfelves who have been fince many wayes wronged and in- jured, and befides being of that Religion which your Ma 1 ? doth deteft and of which 1585. 4 8 The Life and Death i s 8 s- which you are moft jealous and doubtfull. To be fhort, whether haveing had one of their Anceftors taken away without fhadow of any fault, but only for this caufe that he was thought to be an un- meet man to live in a Comonwealth at that time, and knowing themfelves to be fo reputed at this time of thofe who do bear the moft fway in your Ma^ Government. Laftly whether not being able to do any act or duty whereunto their Religion did bind them without the in- curring the danger of Felony by a new Act now lately made, they would have departed out of the Realm, as I have done or no : and either they muft fay they would joyfully run upon their own death headlong, which is repugnant to the Law of God, and contrary to the Law of Nature as I think, flatly againft their own confcience : or els they muft acknowledge they would have fought the fame means which I have ufed for the efcaping thofe perils. And then I hope your Ma 1 ' will not hardly conceive of this my dealing, which my mortal enimies, of the Earl of Arundel. 49 enimies, if they fpeak not contrary to the truth and reafon, muft needs confefs to be juft and convenient. Befides to confirm your Ma^' s opinion of my innocency herein, your felf may beft remember how I might have de- parted long before this time, if I had been guilty of any crime, and that I have flood to y e uttermoft trial and examina- tion of all my dealings tho' I have tafted all times fince my laft reftraint your Ma^ hard opinion and publick difgrace both dayly and hourly without any hope or likelyhood of ever recovering your former good opinion ; and if my proteft- ation, who never told your Majefty any untruth, may carry any credit in your opinion ; I here call God and His Angels to witnefs, that I would not have taken this courfe if I might have ftay'd in England without danger of my foul and peril of my life. Wherefore as it is the true token of a noble mind, and hath alwayes been noted as a certain argument of your Mat ies gratious Difpofition, in that it hath ever pleafed you to take pity 1585. on 5° The Life and Death 1585. on thofe which are in mifery, and to re- fpect with the eyes of your favour all afflicted perfons, fo cannot I be brought any whitt to fear your Ma 1 )' will make me the firft example of your fevere and rigorous dealing, in laying your difplea- fure upon me who am inforced to forfake my Country, to forget my friends, to leave my living, and to lofe y e hope of all worldly pleafures and earthly commo- dities, if either I will not confent to the certain deftruclion of my body, or wil- lingly yeild to y e manifeft endangering of my foul. The leaft of which are fo intollerable for any Christian man to en- dure, as I hope it cannot be thought any undutifullnefs in me if I feek by any good and lawfull means to avoid fo great an inconvenience. And tho' the lofs of temporal commodities be fo grievous to flefh and blood, as I could not defire to live if I were not comforted with the remembrance of His mercy, for whom I endure all this, who endured ten thou- fand times more for me. yet I enfure your Ma'y that your Difpleafure fhould- be of the Earl of Arundel. 5 1 be more unpleafant unto me than the bitternefs of all my other lofTes, and a greater grief than my greateft misfor- tunes are befides. Therefore remaining in aflured hope that my felf, and my caufe fhall re- ceive that favour, conceit and rightfull conftruftions at your Majefties hands, which I may juftly challenge, both be- caufe the trial of my good dealings heretofore have fufficiently deferved the fame and alfo for y c the confefllon of my mortal enimies at this time muft needs acknowledge mine innocency herein. I do humbly crave pardon for my long and tedious Letter, w° h the weightinefs of the matter enforced me unto, and I befeech God from the bottom of my heart to fend your Majefty as great hap- pinefs as I wifh to mine own Soul. Chap. VIII. 1585. S 2 The Life and Death CHAPTER VIII. His Taking at Sea, and Committ- ment to the Tower. '585- The Earl having writ this Letter, and provided all neceffaries for his Journey caufed a Ship fecretly to be hired, in which he intended to have gon from fome private Port in Suffix or Ham/hire, and he took only two fervants to attend upon him, M r William Bray and M r Burlace. He went towards the place where the Ship lay two feveral times to have embarked himfelf, and was forced to return back, becaufe the winds were fo contrary, that the Ship could not get out of the Harbor, at the leaft it was fo fignified of the Earl of Arundel. 53 fignified to him. But more probable it '5 8 5- is, that was but an excufe framed by the Matter of the Ship or fome other by whom he was betrayed to caufe delay until all things were in readinefs for his takeing at Sea and bringing back again : becaufe at the very time, as was well known, other Ships departed from other Ports not far diftant, and had both wind and weather favourable enough to carry them to Calls and other partes of France. But at length when the Shipman did fignify that the wind was fit and all in readinefs, he went unto the Port, em- barked himfelf, and that night put forth to Sea ; but after a while, the Shipman having hung out a light for a Sign, he was boarded, and flayed by one Keloway Captain of a little Ship of War, who pretended himfelf to be a Pirate, and fo was thought by the Earl and his Com- pany, becaufe being known by them to be a man of a notorious infamous life, they had no reafon, as they faid, to imagine that he was employed by pub- lick authority for the ftoping and taking of 54 The Life and Death 1585- of them. This Keloway (or whofoever he were that took that name upon him) offered to let the Earl and his two gentlemen pafs free for one hundred pounds in money, fwearing he mould prefently without any further flop or flay from him pafs fafely into France if he would but write a word or two to any Friend of his of whom he might receive it. Whereupon the Earl little fufpecling any latent fraud wrote in few lines to his Sifter the Lady Margaret Sackvil that fhe fhould fpeak to M r Bridges alias Grately a Prieft, to give one hundred pound to y e bearer thereof, by the token that was betwixt them that black is white, and withall aflured her that now he hoped affuredly to have fpeedy paffage without impediment. Keloway as foon as he got this Letter of the Earl read it, and im- mediately after difcovered himfelf that he was appointed by the Council to watch there for him, and carry him back again to land, as he did forthwith, giving notice unto them with all fpeed of all that he had done. The of the Earl of Arundel. 5 5 The Earl was nothing at all daunted with this fo unexpected accident, and not only w th great patience and courage did endure it, but moreover carry'd it with a joyfull and merry countenance. His Money and all thofe things he had about him, as Jewels and the like, were forth- with feafed upon, and himfelf conducted with a ftrong gard towards London by Sir George Cary Son and Heir to the Lord Hunfden, then Chamberlain to the £>ueen. One night he lodged in the way at Guilford in Surrey, where feeing the Mafter of the Inne who fometime had been his Servant, and fome other who wifhed well unto him, weeping and for- rowing for his misfortune, he comforted them all, and willed them to be of good cheere, becaufe it was not for any Crime, Treafon or the like, as perhaps it was divulged, that he was apprehended and carry'd in y c manner, but only for at- tempting to leave the Kingdome, the which he had done only for his own fafety, and to free himfelf from the dan- ger of his Enimies the which both God and .585. 1 56 The Life and Death »5*5- and nature do allow. The day follow-" ing he was carried to London, and there committed Prifoner to the Tower upon the 25 of April 1585. His Brother the Lord William, and his Sifter the Lady Margaret were, not long after committed to feveral Prifons ; the which when he underftood was far more grief to him, as he fignify'd in a Letter to his Lady, than all his own trouble and im- prifonment. i Chap. IX. of the Earl of Arundel. 57 CHAPTER IX. His Examination and Censure in the Starr-Chamber. Soon after his Committment he was twice examin'd by fome of the Council who were fent unto him to the Tower for that fpecial purpofe by the £>ueen. The firft Examination was upon May day, the which being ended Sir Chrifto-pher Hatton then Vice-Chamberlain and of the Privy Council, flayed with him after the departure of the reft, and wifhed him if he loved his life not to conceal any of thofe things which were already known as that he, and his Brother the Lord William had fent to D r Men. That they i 5 s 5 . 5 8 The Life and Death 1585. they had attempted to go over. That they had heared from, and offer'd to be directed by him. That M r Bridges the Prieft was the meflenger who was com- manded by D r Allen to deliver the Mes- fage unto them both jointly, and came unto them by the name of Grately with diverfe other circumftances which were all moft true. For M r Bridges had out of confidence told all thefe things to one M r Gilbert Gifford a Prieft who then lived at Paris in France, and after was difcovered to be a Spye who gave in- telligence of thefe and all other things he could come to know unto fome of the Council. He told them alfo that one M r Henry Dun a gentleman of his acquaintance who then was a Servant to Sir Chriftopher Hatton, and he had con- feffed them all, being called as it feems in fome queftion thereabout, as the fame Sir Chriftopher then told the Earl out of good will, promifing him if he would fet it all down plainly to do his beft endea- vour to fave him from danger. Other- wife the very denial itfelf would caft more danger of the Earl of Arundel. $<) danger upon him, than all his friends i s^s- living would be able to fave. Hereupon the Earl after many thanks for his great love and friendly counfel declared plainly every thing as it was, and the caufe why he had fent to D r Allen, clearing his Brother the L d William of all things faveing only his attempt to have gone over with him the firft time he intended to have gone. The next time that the Council came to examin him, they often afked and earnestly what he would have done be- yond feas : his anfwer was ; He would have ferved in any place that Doctor Allen had judged fit for him, fo that it had been for the Catholick caufe. They aflcing again if he would have done any thing againft the Shteen or y e State of this Realm upon D r Allen's perfwafions. He faid that no, not for a world. They de- manded then if the Title of Duke of Norfolk had been ever ofFer'd him, or if D r Allen had ever written to him by that Title. He anfwered that never; and that one haveing faid unto him that he 60 The Life and Death '5 8 5- he mould have a better Title than he had when he came beyond feas. He prefently reply'd, that he would never have better whilft he lived. They afked what caufe moved him to write to D r Allen : He anfwer'd that upon Mas- ter Bridges his Speeches, who told him that the Earl of Leicefter had vow'd to make the name of a Catholick as odious in England as the name of a Turk, and therefore wifhed him to write to D r Allen, that if fome means might be found how to deal with that Earl, or that he might be taken away by fome lawfull means, it would be a great good for y e Catholick Caufe, and a great fafety to all Catholicks here in England. And this he faid be- caufe he doubted they had intercepted his Letter to D r Allen by M r Dun's means, who knew where it was, and that at his departure to Sea, it was not out of England. After this they charged him with a Letter that contained great danger both to the Queen and State : to which he anfwer'd moft truly that he never heared nor of the Earl of Arundel. 61 nor knew of any fuch. Whereupon they fhew'd him one of three fides of papar at the leaft, but would not fuffer him to read more of it than the two firft lines, which were thefe. Sir, this Letter con- tainethjuch matter as is fitter for the fire to confume, than to be laid up in your ftudy. In it was written (as partly he then perceived by y e Examiners) but better afterwards by other means) that tho' he went away poorly, he fhould return in glory, and land in Norfolk with a great power of Men to trouble both the Queen and State. It was written in a hand refembling his very much unto M r William Dix his principal officer, a man of good eftate in Norfolk, and to make it more colourable, it mentioned diverfe particular matters both touching fales of wood which he had made, and others which he would have made. The Council told him he fhould be ar- raigned about y' Letter. His anfwer was that if there were no remedy but that he muft needs die, he befeeched God to have mercy on his foul, and defired 1585. 62 The Life and Death J5 g 5 . defired their Lordlhips to become hum- ble fuitors to the Queen in his behalf that he might not be called in queftion of his life for that of which he was never guilty ; but as innocent both from that and all kind of Treafon, as the child now newly born. That Letter doubt- lefTe was forged by fome of his enimies who intended to have thereby procured his Death and Deftruftion. It was firft brought to light, as he underftood after- wards, by Sir Francis Walfingham the Queen's Secretary a heavy friend of his, or by fome of his inftruments, and was pretended to have been intercepted at the very time of his going to fea ; by which it was apparent to have been forged by fome who had notice before- hand of his going, as the Secretary and fome others of his greateft enimies had, even from the beginning. But mod of the Council could never be afcertain'd either where or how it was taken : for which refpect the beft of them did efteem of it no otherwife than a forged thing, as indeed it evidently appeared to of the Earl of Arundel. 63 to be by fome things contain'd in it, which fhewed that the writer had in truth final knowledge or acquaintance with the Earl's affaires. And therefore they neither thought it convenient ever to arraign him thereupon as fome of them had threaten'd ; nor when he was brought into the Starrchamber (which was done not long after) where all that could be alledged againft him was mani- fefted to the world and exaggerated to the utmoft, this Letter for any thing I could ever learn, was never mention'd. The principal points alledged againft him there, were his attempting to have left the Realm without licence of the Queen. His being reconciled to the Church of Rome. Together with a cer- tain writing of his fervant Burlacy, who was one of thofe who was to have gone with him, wherein fomething was con- tein'd about his being to be made Duke of Norfolk. To which laft he protefted that Burlacy never acquainted him with any fuch thing, and that he never fo much as heared thereof until the prefent time 1585. 6 4 The Life and Death .585. time wherein they alledged it againft him. His writing to, and intellegence with D r Allen was brought againft him. But as for his being reconciled, he ac- knowledged that he had confefled his fins to a Prieft, and had been abfolved by him from them, the which he faid, that all might know he was a Catholick : but that in any other manner he was not reconciled. Concerning his writing to D r Allen, he anfwered as he had done be- fore unto the Council when they examined him thereof. And for his attempting to leave the Kingdome, he alledged the reafons which he had fet down in his Letter to the Queen, and were well known to the Council and many more, becaufe M r Bridges foon after his taking and apprehenfion had publifh'd it among the Catholicks, tho' without any order from him, yea utterly againft his mind. Finally he gave fuch furficient anfwers to every thing that was objected againft him, and behaved himfelf fo difcreetly, with fuch cheerfullnefs and alacrity that he got that day much credit and reputation both to his of the Earl of Arundel. 65 his perfon and caufe, tho' he were then fined by that Court in 10000 pounds unto the Queen, and adjudged to Im- prifonment during her pleafure, which continued even till his dying day, ten years and more after the fentence given. 15S5. Chap. X. 66 The Life and Death i 5 g 5 -6. CHAPTER X. The Strxctnes of his Imprisonment, and Hard Usage therein. As his Imprifonment was no lefs long and tedious, than even now I fignify'd in the precedent Chapter, fo was it alfo for the moft part of that time very ftricl:. For befides the Lieutenant of the Tower who had charge over him, there was ever fome gentleman of good fort fpecially appointed by the Queen to be his Keeper ; by whom he was fo nar- rowly looked to, that for feveral years he could not fpealc with any perfon whatfoever but in his prefence and hear- ing. During y e firft 13 months after his of the Earl of Arundel. 6? * his Committment, that is from April 1585, till the end of May 1586 he had no fervants of his own to attend upon him, and never came out of his chamber to walk in any other room or take the air a little in the garden, but either his Keeper or the Lieutenant, or both of them were ever prefent with him. After that time he was permitted to have fometimes one, fometimes two of his own fervants to be with him, but with fuch condition, that after their entrance there, they remained as prifoners, and neither could depart thence without fpecial leave of the Council, nor fo much as walk into the garden, or into any other room befides their Lords lodgings, but at fuch times and with fuch perfons, as it pleafed the Keeper to appoint, and all the reft of the night and day they were lock'd up, and could not fpeak with any body living. In which refpecl, as alfo by reafon of the uncomfortablenefs of the room wherein they and their Lord were lock'd up, as having no fight of the Sun for the greateft 1585-6. 68 The Life and Death 1585-6. greateft part of the year, together with the noifomnefs thereof caufed by a Vault that was near or under it, which at fome times did fmell fo ill, that the Keeper could fcarce endure to enter into it, much lefs to flay there any time. For thefe refpe&s, I fay, there was none of his fervants but were long weary of being with him there, before they could obtain licence to be difmifT'd, and fome of them were kept there untill through weaknefs and indifpofition caufed by being kept fo clofe, they were not able to do him almoft any fervice, at leaft not fuch as his neceffities did require, he being very often troubled with diverfe SicknefTes and Difeafes, which were oc- cafioned for the moft part by his so great reftraint and ftric"t imprifonment, as fome learned Phyntians who beft knew the ftate of his body did affirm. But neither were his Infirmities and Indifpofitions tho' many and great ; nor his Imprifonment tho' long and ftricl:, fo grievous and troublefome unto him as fome other things he there endured. As of the Earl of Arundel. 69 As firft ; the hard and harfh dealing of the Lievetenant, who, as I have heared both from his Lady and others, did all he could to afflict and vex him. The Earl himfelf in a letter which he wrote to a certain friend of his fomething more than a year before his death, did fignify it in this manner. His injuries (towit the Lieutenant) to me both by himfelf and his trufty Roger are intollerable, infinite, dayly multiply'd, and to thofe who know them not, incredible : and the moft that you can imagin, will be far inferior, I think, to the truth when you fhall hear it. Secondly ; , the bad difpofition of fome of his Keepers, who befides their ftrictnefs towards him went about to in- trap him, had he not been very wary and circumfpect, and did fometimes re- port things of him, that not only were wholy fals, but might have been, and perhaps were of great prejudice unto him. As that he never fpoke one good word of the £>ueen, when as in all occa- | fions he fpoke with great refpect of her, and protefted many times in their pre- fence ] 585-6. 70 The Life and Death 1585-6. f enC e and hearing, that he was alwayes ready to do any lawfull thing that lay in his power to do her Service and give her Contentment. One of thofe his Keepers who made great mew of friend- fhip unto him would often take occafion to afk him what he would do if the Pope mould excommunicate the Queen, or make any War againft her : and if he were fdent therein, or pafled it away by talking of other matters without anfwer- ing directly to thofe Queftions, yet pro- feffing all Loyalty and Duty to the Queen, moft commonly he would fend his Man the next day with Letters to the Court, as the Earl himfelf did obferve, who tho' he would not directly judge, yet he could not but fear there was no good meaning nor dealing therein. Chap. XL of the Earl of Arundel. 7i CHAPTER XI. Other Injuries and Calumnies during his Imprisonment. Besides the Injuries received from his Keepers and the Lieutenant of the Tower, the^ Ingratitude and Treachery of fome who had been his fervants in former times and had received great benefits from him, together with the unkind dealing of fome who were very near in blood unto him was no fmal occafion of affliction to his mind. For whereas the Duke his Father had made fuch a kind of conveyance of the greateft part of his Eftate that it could not be forfeited by attainder, as de faffo it was not by his own, 1585-6. 7 2 The Life and Death 1585-6. own, but came all fafely to the Earl his ! Son, fome who knew the particulars of his Eftate better than others as haveing been employ'd in his affaires, did not 1 only upon his attainder treacheroufly difcover all they could to his detriment, but moreover profecuted the fuit in the Queen's behalf in fuch manner againft him, that a good part of his Lands was thereby loft which otherwife had been faved. His own Brother alfo the Lord 'Thomas Howard made meanes unto the Queen immediately upon his attainder for the obtaining to his own ufe and be- hoof of diverfe Lordfhips belonging unto him, the which fome others who were ftrangers unto him (as in particular Sir Chrijiopher Rattori) out of friendship and honourable reflect would not accept of, when they were offered unto them by the Queen her felf without any motion at all from themfelves. Another of his afflictions proceeded from the malice of fome about the Court who did their utmoft endeavour not only to incenfe the Queen againft him, to de- fame of the Earl of Arundel. 73 fame and difgrace him with the world but alfo to have wrought his Death, Ruin, and Deftruction. They pofTefTed the Queen that he made himfelf a Catho- lick, or rather made fhew to be fuch an one, not out of any Religion, but only to oppofe himfelf to her and fhew a dif- like of her Government and proceed- ings. His Lady at the beginning of his troubles, going unto the Queen to fue for him, was rated exceedingly by Sir Francis Knowles then Privy Counfellour, afking her if me and her Hufband were not afhamed to make themfelves Papifts only out of fpleen and peevifh humour to crofs, and vex the Queen. The like they endeavoured to have perfwaded the world of him, publifhing y c he was of no Religion, and to make it more pro- bable, they brought one who in publick Court at Weftminfter took a folemn oath that he heared a Catholick Prieft fay, that the Earl of Arundel had fo fmal regard of Religion that he would not (tick to hear Majfe in the Morning, and go in the Afternoon to a Proteftant Sermon. And 1585-6. 74 The Life and "Death 1585-6. And this Calumnie was fo divulged, that fome of his Keepers told him, how very many in y e Kingdome were of opinion that he made mew to be a Catholick only out of Policy : to whom with great mildnefs he made this anfwer. " That God alone doth know the fecrets " of mens hearts, and, that he thought " there was fmal policy for a man to lofe " his Liberty, hazard his Eftate and Life, " and live in that manner in a Prifon as " he then did." To move the Shteen moreover againft him and make him be abridged of the little liberty which after much fuite he had obtained of the Council to go out of his own Lodging in the company of his Keeper to walk fometimes a little in a certain Gallery within the Tower, they informed her, that many Caps and Knees, and Courtefies were made unto him, when he flood in the Gallery Window : which was fo wholy fals as he protefted in a Letter to the L d Chan- cellor, that he neither ever faluted any one, nor any one made the leaft (hew towards of the Earl of Arundel. 75 towards him in that place : but that it was true that walking one day in the Garden with his Keeper, one from the leads of the Salttower faluted him with a very low reverence. Whereat he mar- vail'd and defired his Keeper, to talk with him, who had the cuftody of that Tower and to charge him that he might no more be fo abufed. Yet four or five dayes after the fame man, in the fame place not contented with an ordinary falutation or reverence, bowed himfelf fo low that his head was within a foot of the ground, and then lifting up his hands he remain'd in that pofture looking directly in the Karl's and his Keeper's face whilft they walked the whole length of the alley. The which they feeing and being troubled thereat, to avoid it they prefently went into the other part of the Garden. But immediatly the man re- moved himfelf alfo to the other fide of the leads which was neareft to the place where they were, and there ufed the like ceremonies as before. Which made the Earl think that either the man was mad or 1585-6. j 6 The Life and Death 1585-6. or fet there of purpofe to mock him, or for a ground to raife that report which was made to the Queen of his being faluted with Caps and Courtefies for the hindering y £ little liberty he had ob- tain'd of the Council. And not without caufe he might fuf- pect it was done on fet purpofe to moleft and abufe him, feeing by experience he found far greater and worfe things to have been done of fet purpofe againft him. For befides the forging the Letter above mentioned, which was before his comeing into y e Tower ; after his come- ing thither they flandered him firft ; * * * * and fent a certain Catholick Gentlewoman (Mrs. Albridge afterwards marryed to Dr. Lodge) with whome I was acquainted and whofe huf- band was a dependent of Sir Francis Wal- fingham then Secretary, and had been his fpye at Rome and other places diverfe years, to give notice to his Lady thereof upon pretence fhe might take fome fecret order ***** ] e fl. otherwife the matter might come to light, and of the Earl of Arundel. 77 and her Lord be difgraced. But fhe out of the aflurance of his innocency therein, and furmifing it to be fome plot of his enimies, as indeed it was, to difgrace him and afflicl: her, gave fuch anfwer to the gentlewoman whofe fimplicity was abufed therein, that fhe remained much afhamed to have been fo over credulous in fuch a bufinefs which upon a little examination appeared not only improbable, but alto- gether impofTible, confidering both the ftridt imprifonment of the Earl, he never going out of his chamber without either his Keeper or the Lieutenant, or both of them with him, nor any comeing into it but in their prefence, and with their con- fent. As alfo his ficknefs and infirmity at the very time. * * * * But this Calumny not fucceeding, as being too palpable a falfity, they went about to defame him of Intemperance in drinking, a vice from which he was ex- ceeding far, as all thofe who waited on him did ever teftifie : for that betwixt his meals he never ufed to drink at all, and at his meals was alwayes very moderate. All 1585-6. 73 i S 8 S -6. "The Life and Death All y e ground they had for the raifing this report was that he ufed for a time to drink thrice a week a little metheglin in the morning to comfort his ftomach being weak. Divers other fuch like (landers they raifed of him at feveral times, and they were fo many, that himfelf in a letter to a friend did fay, it feemed to him they rofe as Hydra's heads, no fooner one did fall, but more ftill were raifed in room thereof. And fo many gins were dayly laid to intrapp him, that had he not been very wary and circumfpecl he had been brought into very great danger often- times. Chap. XII. i of the Earl of Arundel. 79 CHAPTER XII. The Means and Manner how He was Intrap'd. Though his warynefs was very great to keep himfelf from either doing or faying any thing that might be occafion of any danger to him, yet was he at length brought into it by means of fome Catho- licks then prifoners in the 'Tower, whofe weaknefs was therein abufed by his eni- mies. Thefe were Sir Thomas Gerard a Knight of good worth in Lancajhire : one Mr. Shelly a SuJJex gentleman, and Mr. William Bennet an old Prieft of Queen Mary's dayes, who having been conform- able for a time unto Queen Elizabeth' s proceedings, The Life and Death >5 88 - proceedings, becaufe afterwards he was reconciled again to the Catholick Church, he fo much thereby incurred the difplea- fure of the State, that he was therefore committed prifoner to the Tower, where he was placed in a chamber not far from the lodgings of the Earl, who having at that time, which was about y e beginning of the year 1588 and three years after his commitment, much more liberty than ever he had either before or after, and defiring to meet and fpeak with him for the comfort of his own foul, found means to bring it to erre<5t by mediation of the Lieutenant's Daughter who had thirty pound given her by the Earl's lady (as herfelf told me) for her endeavour in pro- curing it. This being firft obtain'd,heufed fuch diligence afterwards that he got alfo churchftuffand all things requifit for the celebration of the holy Sacrifice of the Mafs whereto himfelf did ferve with great humility, and therein receiv'd the blefTed Sacrament frequently as long as that liberty did laft ; during which time he met alfo w th Sir Thomas Gerard both at Mafs of the Earl of Arundel. Mafs and at other times, as alfo with M r Shelly tho' not fo frequently. Much difcours there was about that time of the great Spanijh Fleet which was then in preparation, whereupon it hap- pened that the Earl in his difcourfes with them did manifeft fometimes much affec- tion to the King of Spain, not only in regard of the obligation and duty he bore unto him as being his Godfather ; but alfo becaufe in thofe times and for diverfe years he was the chief maintainer and defender of the Catholick Religion. And in refpect there went then a rumor very currant amongft y e Catholicks about London, that a fuddain MafTacre of them all was intended upon the firft landing of the Spaniards, and this comeing to the Earl's ear, out of his Piety he judged it neceflary that all Catholicks fhould forth- with apply themfelves to Prayer either for the avoiding of that danger, or for the better preparing themfelves thereto. And to the end it might be done more orderly and emcacioufly, he both per- fuaded the above mentioned with whom g he 8 1 The Life and Death he fpoke to make Prayer for four and twenty hours togather for that end, and alfo fent to fome others to the fame pur- pofe, whereof one of greater prudence and experience than the reft fignify'd unto him that perhaps it might be other- wife interpreted by the State, than he intended, wifhing him therefore to defift ; as prefently thereupon he did, but when it was too late. For fome of his enimies having got intelligence thereof, took oc- cafion to conceive all that Prayer to be made and meant by him for the good fuccefs of the Spanifh Fleet, and after- wards induced both M r Shelly and Sir Thomas Gerard either through fear or fair promifes to teftifie the fame againft him, as alfo M r Bennet to confefle how he had entreated him to fay a Mafs of the Holy Ghoft to the fame effect. Chap. XIII. of the Earl of Arundel. 83 CHAPTER XIII. His Examination about that Business. After the fear of the Spani/h Fleet was well patted, towards the end of the year 88, the Earl was again committed to clofe cuftody, and twice examin'd by fome of the Council who were purpofely fent by the Queen for that end to y c Tower. The firft time was by Sir Chrijlopher Hatton then L d Chancellor, Sir William Cecil L d Treafurer, and Sir Thomas Hen- nage who had ever been a great enimy of his. They examin'd him firft about his defireing M r Bennet to fay Mafs for the fuccefs of the Spaniards, and of making the 158 84 The Life and Death 1588. the Prayer of 24 hours to the fame end : to both which he anfwer'd negatively. That he mould have faid, how the Ca- tholicks e'er long would plague the Pro- teftants as well as they had been plagued by them. To which he faid he hoped their Lordfhips did not think him of fo bad a confcience as to go with fuch a mind to Mafs, and to receive the bleffed Sacrament as he ufually did then. Laftly they charged him with burning certain papers at Mafle time, which they affirmed to contain matter of great importance and intelligence, and moreover that he determined to get the ftrongeft place in the Tower for his defence againft the comeing of the Spaniards. To both which he anfwered fo fully, that they were never after alledged againft him, neither at his arraignment, nor in his fecond examination. For the papers contained nothing as he protefted but his confeffion, and matters concerning his confcience : and to y c other, that becaufe it was faid a Maffacre was intended to be made of them, he feemed to approve Sir Thomas of the Earl of Arundel. Thomas Gerard's proposition, who told him that y e lodgings where he lay were the beft for their defence, as having in them fome gunftones, and other weapons w ch he mewed him. For his fecond examination befides thofe three which came before, the Lord Hun/don was alfo fent by the Queen. And therein after the three firft points ob- jected in his firft examination, they added that he mould fay, Cardinal Allen had the difpofition of the Crown ; whereto the party to whom it was fpoken mould an- fwer that was a fur-pie word. To all w° h he having anfwered negatively , imme- diately M r Bennet and Sir Thomas Gerard were brought forth to affirm before his face, that of the Mafs and 24 hours of Prayer, but he was enjoin'd not to fpeak at all, nor make any anfwer unto them. The which was done as he conceived and fignified to a friend, only to embolden them againft the time they mould come to y c bar againft him. After their de- parture he was bid to fay what he would; but becaufe he judged that offer to be made 1588. 8 6 The Life and Death 1588. made only out of policy to know his an- fwers before hand, that fo his Accufers and Adverfaries might be the better pre- pared to make reply thereto againft the time of his arraignment, therefore he contain'd himfelf, and made no anfwer at all. Whereupon the Lord Treafurer abrupt- ly afked him whether he would hold him for a Traitor who mould fay that the Pope had any authority to deprive the Queen. His anfwer was, that he never heared any fay fo, and when he did his Lordfhip mould hear what he would fay. The Treajurer urged him twice or thrice to anfwer categorice : the like was done by the Lord Chamberlain : to whom he faid that he wonder'd, he mould be afked fuch que ftions, feeing he was accufed of no fuch matter, and both had been, and was at all times ready to ferve the Queen with his life and goods againft any Prince or Potentate whatfoever : to which the Lord Chamberlain replyed. What againft the Pope? He anfwer'd by afking whether the Pope was not included within the name of the Earl of Arundel. 87 name of a forreign Prince or Potentate ? And as he fignify'd in a Letter to a friend, tho' he knew he might fafely have an- fwer'd affirmatively to y c queftion, yet becaufe he faw them determined to take his Life, as he then thought, and knew not how they would mifreport his Words, for fear of giveing Scandal he would not anfwer direclly. Then one of the Examiners faid the Pope was an errant knave, another called him Pild Italian Prieft. and the Lord Chamberlain entring into paffion called the Earl Beaft and Traytor, and faid rather than he fhould not be hanged within four dayes, that he himfelf would hang him, repeating it once or twice. To which the Earl an- fwered, the fooner the better if it pleafe God. The which he faid that the Cham- berlain might know he feared not his threats, and when as the faid Lord Chan- cellor urged him to fet down under his hand that he would not anfwer to that queftion of the Pope's power to depofe y e £)ueen he flatly denyed to do it, as being a thing no way belonging or per- taining The Life and Death 'S 88 - taining to him. The Treajurer who faid it was no marvell he was fo fettled in Re- ligion, becaufe he did read nothing to the contrary. He anfwered refolutely, that he neither did nor would do by his Lord- fhip's favour. And therewith they all rofe, left him and went their way. Chap. XIV. of the Earl of Arundel. 89 CHAPTER XIV. His Arraignment and Condemna- tion. Not long after thefe examinations he was brought from the Tower to the King's Bench Court in the Hall of Weftminfler, and there publickly arraigned about the aforefaid points upon the 14 day of April 1589. Yet in the mean time it fo hap- pened that M r Bennet the Prieft who was one of his accufers, being removed from the Tower, and Prifoner at that time in the Counter of Wood Street in London haveing remorfe of confcience for what he had already done, writ this following Letter to him, and by means of a Catho- lick 1589. qo 27/i? Life and Death J 5 8 9- lick then Prifoner in the fame Counter, got it fent to his Lady. The Super- fcription was in this manner. To the Right Honourable the Earl of Arundel be thefe delivered. The Letter thus. Right Honourable and Moft Noble Peer. I moft humbly upon my knees before God and all His Angels; and before all the world, if need require, w th a moft penitent, rent, and afflicted confcience and heart, crave mercy and forgivenefs for the great offence I have committed againft your Honour in my laft troubles and confeflions. So it is Right Honour- able, that being called in queftion about certaine fuppofed offences in the Tower, unto which my anfwer not being to their contentment, a letter of mine own hand, which I writ to a Prieft there in defence of my Jurifdi&ion by him brought in queftion, was produced ; and becaufe therein I derived my authority from the See Apoftolick, I was accounted and term'd of the Earl of Arundel. term'd as a dead man amongft them without her Majeftie's fpecial pardon which was promifed upon condition &c Pauca Jafienti. With many fair pro- mifes and allurements togather with many thundering threats of returning to the Tower > torments and death it felf, if I failed. Which unexpected Letter of mine, with threats mingled w th promife of life and fpeedy liberty, togather with the great weaknefs both of body and mind by reafon of my long and fore imprifon- ment, I was ftroken into fuch an afton- ifliment and maze, that I confefPd every thing that feemed to content their hu- mour, which I perceived not at the firft altogether to tend to the ruin of your Honour. But being demanded whether you did fend a Note to the Priefts in Coleharbor to pray for the good fuccefs of the Spanijh Fleet, I anfwered, as truth was, that I never knew, or was privy to any fuch Note : yet with a guilty, fearfull uniuft and moft tormented confcience only for faveing of my life and liberty, I confeffed 1589. The Life and Death J589. I confeffed that you moved me to fay a Mafs of the Holy Ghoft for the good fuccefs of the Spanifh Fleet. For which unjuft confeffion, or rather accufation I do again and again, and fo to my life's end moft inftantly crave God's pardon and your's, and for my better fatisfaction of this my unjuft fuggeftion I will if need require, offer up both life and limbs in averring my accufation to be, as it is indeed, and as I fhall anfwer before Almighty God, before the face of Angels and Men, moft unjuft, and done only of fear of the Tower, torments, and death. Thus not doubting of your Honour's gratious pardon and forgivenefs, I will reft my poor afflicted confcience in only God's mercy. My body and life I freely offer to the world to difpofe as it fhall pleafe God. The Holy Trinity preferve your Honour from peril of foul and body. Amen. Your Honours poor Beadfman William Bennet Prieft. This Letter was inclofed and faft fealed of the Earl of Arundel. g j fealed in another of a different hand '589- without name or date, endorfed thus To the Right Honourable the Countefs of Arundel thefe be dd d . The contents as followeth. My duty, (Right Honourable and very good Lady) considered ; thefe are to advertife your Ladyfhip, that whereas my Lord your Hufband hath been wrong- fully accufed by one who hartily repent- ing himfelf thereof, hath here, as I take it, both acknowledged this fault, and craved pardon for the fame. I thought it a part of Chriftian Charity (though I am utterly unknown both to your Lord and yourfelf) to convey them to your Honour clofe feal'd, hoping they will be fome teftimony of your Hufband's in- nocency. Charging your Honour as you will anfwer at the dreadfull Day of Judgment (pardon me good Madam I befeech you) not to accept of them, except you refolve never to fhew them till your faid Hufband come in queftion. And 94 The Life and Death 1589. And thus hoping to find that expectation of honour and vertue which is efteem'd to be in your Honour, I do mofth umbly take my leave, committing your Honour to God's merciful tuition. At the Earl's Arraignment both Sir Thomas Gerard and M r Bennet were brought in perfon to give witnefs againft him : the one that he required a Mafs of the Holy Ghoft to be faid for the fuccefs of the Spaniards: the other that the Prayer of 2.4 hours was directed to the fame end. Both which he deny'd very flout and conftantly, pleading the above-mention'd Letter of M r Bennet againft his teftifica- tion in fuch manner that he not being able to deny it, fome of the Lords there prefent told him he was a fals man and no lawful witnefs. Many other things were objected and exaggerated againft him by the Queen's Council, to all which he anfwer'd fo refolute and readily, that moft there prefent were of opinion he would have been acquitted by the Noble- men his Peers, but it proved far other- wife. of the Earl of Arundel. 95 wife. For he was condemmed of High '5 8 9- Treafon, and accordingly had Sentence then pronounced againft him : the which he heared not only without being daunted therewith any thing at all, but fhewing moreover fuch a chearfullnefs in his looks, as well witneffed the inward in- nocency and quiet of his mind. Chap. XV. 9 6 The Life and Death CHAPTER XV. What he did after his Condemna- tion. '5*9- The day after his Condemnation he writ, and fent this enfuing Letter to the U Chancellor. My fpecial good Lord. I am moft hartily forry that I was fo prevented by my hafty departure from the Bar, prefently after the Sentence pronounced upon me, as I wanted time to make humble fuite for her Majefty's favour. And I am very glad that I have this oportunity of writing to your Lordfhip to make hum- ble Petition unto her Majefty in my be- half of the Earl of Arundel. 97 half for her gratious favour together with my mofl: harty grief for any thing whereinfoever I have offended her High- nefs in all y e courfeofmylife. As alfo to give your L d fhip humble thanks for your honourable goodnefs always extended towards me, and to become a mofl: earneft fuiter for the continuance thereof to my Wife and Children. And as a dead man to this world, and in all goodwill whilft I live, your Lordfhips moil: affectionate I humbly take my leave, befeeching God to fend you all honour and happinefs in this world to his glory, and my poor foul a joyfull meeting with yours in Heaven. The day after my Condem- nation. Your Ufhip's mofl: humbly at commandment till my laft Philipp Howard. But in another Letter to Father Southwell he declares that his meaning in thofe words of the precedent Letter wherein he acknowledged a hearty grief for having offended the ghieen, was not h for 1589. 5 8 The Life and Death j 5 8 9 . for any of thofe things whereof he had been arraign'd, but in refpect he had fo long time waited upon her, it could not be, but that he had offended her many wayes in the cours of his life, and being then defireous to afk pardon of the meaneft perfon living thereby to be the better prepared for death which he dayly ex- pected ; much more he thought it con- venient to do the fame of the Queen. And fo much he declared alfo to the Gentleman who then was his keeper, adding withall that he would never make fubmiffion, or crave pardon of any thing whereof he was arraigned, confidering he had committed no fault therein, and therefore would never bely himfelf. To the fame effecl: he writ then alfo a Letter to the Queen herfelf with proteftation of his innocency ; the which yet was not delivered, by reafon the L d Chancellor was of opinion it would rather incenfe her againft him, than otherwife. He refolved moreover if he mould be put to death for that caufe, publickly to declare himfelf innocent and faultlefs therin : And of the Earl of Arundel. 99 And becaufe Catholicks were not fome- times permitted then to fpeak any thing for the clearing of themfelves, he there- fore provided a writing by which he de- clared his mind, and thereof writ diverfe copies both in Englifh and Latin with his own hand and fubfcribed with his name, intending at his execution to caft them amongft the people, in cafe he were not permitted to fpeak. The form of them was as follows. Seeing Almighty God hath vouchfafed of his infinit goodnefs to call me being the meaneft of all his fervants, and moft unworthy, I muft confefs, of fo great honour to bear witnefs of the Catholick Faith, and Roman Church, I thought it fit, for preventing of all finifter practices, which might be ufed either to the difgrace of my faith or dis- credit of my felf to teftify that under my hand, in as effectual manner, as I could, which I am ready to feal with my blood, by the grace and affiftance of our Lord, whenfoever need and occafion fhall re- quire : 1589- ioo The Life and Death 1589. quire : that neither the innocency of my mind, nor integrity of mine actions may be defaced by the untrue fuggeftions of others (as to men in my ftate it often happens) nor my firm refolution in the Catholick and Roman Faith perverted by the falfe reports of evill difpofed per- fons. For albeit I rauft acknowledge my felf moft frail, and a heinous finner, yet as I am bound to maintain in my felf the name and faith of a Catholick man (which next unto God I hold in greater}, price and account, and which every faithfull Chriftian ought to efteem above all other things whatfoever) fo do I moft defire that all men mould take me for fuch an one, as in truth I am, and that no man fhould be either miflead or beguiled by malicious and untrue reports to think otherwife of me, than both my words and deeds do plainly teftifie. Wherefore for the fatisfaclion of all men, and difcharge of my confcience before God, I here proteft before His Divine Majefty and all the Holy Court of Heaven, that I have committed no trea- fon, of the Earl of Arundel. 101 fon, and that the Catholick and Roman Faith which I hold, is the only caufe (as far as I can any way imagin) why either I have been thus long imprifoned, or for which I am now ready to be executed. And I do mod firmly, refolutly and unmoveably hold and believe this One, Holy, Catholick, and Apoftolick Faith. And as I will die in y e fame fo am I moft ready at all times, if need be, to yield my life for defence thereof. And whatfoever y e moft facred Council of Trent hath eftablifhed touching faith and manners, I believe and hold. And what- foever it hath condemned, I condemn in my foul, and renounce here under my hand, and abjure from the bottom of my heart. And I do moft earneftly defire, that all Catholicks conceive this opinion of me, and take me fo, as I have here protefted myfelf to be, and not credit any untrue reports that have, may, or {hall be fpread of me to the contrary : for as Chrift is life unto me, fo account I death a moft happy and glorious gain unto me being in defence of His Faith, and 1589. 102 The Life and Death 1589. and for His Holy Name. And thus I will conclude with befeeching Almighty God the Father of mercies, and God of all confolation to grant peace unto His Church, charity and grace to mine enemies, falvation and felicity to the Queen, and realm, and to me as an un- timely fruit (being born before my time) and the meaneft of all His fervants a conftant perfeverance in His Holy Faith and the love of His Divine Ma- jefty. Amen. By me a moft humble and obedient child of the Catholick Ro- man Church. Philipp Howard. The fame in fubftance which is con- tain'd in this Writing he told unto the Gentleman his keeper, as himfelf fignify'd in a private Letter to F r Southwel which I have feen : to wit, that at his death he would proteft he died only for Religion, and was wholy guiltlefs of any true crime againft the Queen. And when the Gentleman told him : But if fome alk you then of particulars, whether you had required of the Earl of Arundel. 103 required a Mafs to be faid for the good fuccefs of the Spaniards &c. what will you fay ? His anfwer was this. Marry deny it as I did in my examination and arraign- ment. The Gentleman replying that he thought a man at that time would fpeak as afore God. He anfwer'd that a man who fears God would do the fame in any place, and fince I deny'd, faith he, in a place of open Juftice, you have no caufe to doubt that I will deny it at my death, and that I did it not. The Gentleman perceiving thereby his determination gave notice thereof unto the Lord Cham- berlain and fome others of the Council, who thereupon as it mould feem, per- fwaded the Queen that he might not be put to death, with whom fome alfo that were well affecled towards him (as the Chancellor and Treasurer) did concurr, contrary to y e mind and defire of others who were his enimies. But whether it were upon the advice of thofe Coun- cellors, or fome other refped different from the abovementioned that the Queen defer'd his Execution, and in the end refolved 1589. 1 04 The Life and Death '5 8 9- refolved to fpare his Life, yet it was not notified unto him of a long time, rather y e contrary was diverfe times infinuated ; whereby it came to pafs that he was in a continual expectation of death and making preparation for it very carefully diverfe years. For tho' he lived very regularly ever after his Committment to the Tower, and fpent much time every day in Prayer and Devotion, yet more after his Condemnation than before, as well will appear by that, I fhall fet down in the Chapter following of the courfe and order he ufed to obferve therein. Chap. XVI. of the Earl of Arundel. 105 CHAPTER XVI. The Manner of his Life in y e Tower. In the beginning when he was firft com- mitted to the Tower, he fpent two hours or thereabouts every morning at his Prayers. One hour and a half in the afternoons, and one quarter before he went to bed in the examination of his confcience, and recommendation of himfelf to Almighty God. And after fome time he adjoined to his other Devotions the faying of the Prieftly Office, and thereby was of force fomething longer at prayer than before, which pious cuftome he continued untill the Phy- 1 ficians 1588. io6 The Life and Death *5 is - ficians by reafon of his Weaknefs fome fmal time before his Death compell'd him to leave it of. But after his Con- demnation he fpent betwixt four and five hours every morning in prayer and meditation and betwixt three and four, in the afternoon. The reft of his time excepting that little he fpent in walking or fome other corporal exercife appointed by the Phyficians, he beftowed either in writing or tranflating Books of Piety. One Book of Lanfpergius containing an Epiftle of Jejus Chriji to y e Faithfull Soul he tranflated out of Latin into Englilh, and caufed it to be printed for the furtherance of Devotion. He writ alfo Three Treatifes of the Excellency and Utility of Vertue which never came to light by reafon he was forced to fend them away upon fear of a fearch before they were fully perfecled and polifhed. He ufed to read the Spiritual Books of Father Louis de Granada very frequently ; and at other times the Works of S. Jerome, and other Ancient Fathers ; as alfo old Hiftoriagraphers, particularly Eufebius, of the Earl of Arundel. 107 Eufebius, in which, as he fignify'd unto '5 SS - F r Southwel, he found exceeding com- fort for the confirmation of his Faith by beholding there how the Church was in her Infancy. Upon Sundays and Feafts he ufed to read fome part of the Holy Scriptures with fpecial reverence and humility. In the year 1588. foon after his fecond Committment to clofe Prifon, he began to faft three days every week, Mun- days, Wednefdays and Fridays, and in them neither flefh nor fifh. But finding by experience that his body was not able to endure fo much, he altered it in this manner. That his one meal on Mun- days was of flefh : on Wednefdays of fifh : on Fridays of neither flefh nor fifh, and abftaining alfo from all whitmeats and wine. And this manner he obferved conftantly both before and after his Arraignment (excepting only the Wed- nefday immediatly following it, wherein he did eat fome fmal thing for Supper having then fome fpecial need thereof) untill he was'prefcribed by his Phyficians to io8 The Life and Death 1588. to alter that courfe, which was not long before his Death. Many times he ufed alfo the fame abftinence upon Thurfdays as upon Mundays with only one meal of flefh. And upon fome fpecial dayes he abftained wholy from all kind of fufte- nance either meat or drink. Thefe were the Vigils of the Feafts of Corpus Chrifti, of the Afcenfion of our Saviour, of all Saints, as alfo the Eves of the Feafts of the B J Virgin, to whom he was par- ticularly devout. Yet he carry'd it in fuch manner that none ever had any knowledg thereof, excepting one Gentle- man his fervant, from whom I had it, whofe help he ufed therein. For upon thofe dayes as foon as his dinner was brought in, the reft both of his own and the Lieutenant's fervants being fent out, and the dore faft fhut, he made him eat and drink the fame quantity that himfelf ufually did on other fafting dayes, which being done, and the door open again, the other fervants came in to take away as at other times without ever perceiving any thing at all, by reafon they faw his trenchers of the Earl of Arundel. 109 trenchers and napkin folded, and as much meat eaten as on other dayes. His hour of rifing in the morning was conftantly at five of the clock having to that end a Larum in his chamber, and was very carefull that it mould be fet overnight. Immediatly as foon as he was rifen out of bed, he fell down upon his bare knees, and breath'd forth in fecret his firft Devotions to Almighty God, his eyes and hands lifted up to Heaven with his kneeling in that manner then and at other times, his knees were grown very hard and black. While he made him felf ready (wherein he fpent but little time) he ufed fome vocal prayers wherein he was fo unwilling to be inter- rupted, that if it happen'd any of his fer- vants to have fpoken but a word unto him in that time, he would make no anfwer at all, till he had ended, and then would tell them how great a difpleafure therein they did unto him, warning them withall to do the like no more. All the follow- ing hours of y e day were very orderly diftributed by him into a certain and fet manner, 15S8. no The Life and Death i s u - manner, fome to one exercife, fome to another ; but the moft, as I faid before, to Prayer and practife of Devotion. And always at nine at night, except upon fome extraordinary occafion, after the examination of his confcience, he betook himfelf to his reft. In thofe times which were allotted to walking or other recre- ation, his difcourfe and converfation either with his Keeper, or the Lieutenant, or his own fervants was either tending to Piety, or fome profitable difcourfe, as of the lives and examples of holy men, of the fufferances and conftancy of the mar- tyrs of ancient times, from which he would ufually deduce fome good docu- ment or other : as of the facility of a vertuous life after a man had once over- come his fenfuality ; of the happinefs of thofe that fuffer'd any thing for our Saviour's fake with fuch like : to which purpofe he had writ with his own hand upon the wall of his chamber this Latin fentence : §>uanto -plus afflitlionis pro Chrijio in hoc Jaculo, tanto plus gloria cum Chrijio in future. The more afflic- tion of the Earl of Arundel. 1 1 1 tion we endure for Chrift in this world, '5 88 - the more glory we mall obtain with Chrift in y e next. The which he ufed often to fhew to his fervants as well to animate himfelf to fuffer all his afflictions with patience and alacrity, as to incite them alfo to do the fame. Chap. XVII. 112 The Life and Death '595- CHAPTER XVII. The OccAsroN of his last Sickness, and Manner of his Death. After he had lived diverfe years in this vertuous and pious manner to the great edification of all, and admiration of fuch as had known the exceeding liberty wherein he lived while he was a Proteft- ant : It happen'd that in the month of Auguft of the year 1595, he fell one day fitting at dinner fo very ill immediatly upon the eating of a roafted teal that he was forced to rife from table, and after fome vehement catting he entred into a DifTentery which could never be ftay'd till his very death, which gave occafion unto many to fufpecl: he was poifoned. Whereupon of the Earl of Arundel. "3 Whereupon the Count ejs his wife forth- with fent him fome antidotes and all the remedies me could any way procure : but all in vain. For the difeafe had fo porTefled him that it could not be re- moved, but by little and little fo con- fumed his body that he became like an anatomy haveing nothing left but fkin and bone. Some were of opinion that i the poifon was put by his cook into the j fauce of the roafted teal being thereto j corrupted by one Nicolas Rainberde who I fometime had been the Earl's fervant, I and after was employ'd by the Queen i againfl: him profecuting fundry fuits in | y e Exchequer to overthrow his Eftate, | wherein when he perceived he could not ! prevail, and fearing perhaps fome dif- i grace or other damage from the Earl's ! procurement for avoiding thereof, judged i it his beft courfe by fuch wicked means ; to caufe his death by fuch a long and lingering difeafe ; and two things there were which much encreafed this fufpi- tion. The one that tho' the Earl had ufed much endeavour to have the faid i cook I 595- ii4 Tfi e Life and Death X S95- cook removed, yet could by no means obtain it. The other that the faid cook came to the Earl a little before his death and afked him forgivenefs tho' not fpeci- fying that thing in particular. But how- ever it was the good Earl did freely forgive him, and all others who had any way perhaps concurred thereunto. He had a great defire to have the affiftance of Father Wefton at his death by whofe means he was firft reconciled to the Church : but it would by no means be permitted that either he or any other Prieft mould come to him. He defired moreover to fee his brother y e Lord Wil- liam Howard, or his uncle the L d Henry (made Earl of Northampton afterwards) at leaft to take his laft leave of them before his death ; but neither would that be granted, no not fo much as to fee his brother the L d Thomas Howard tho' both then and ever he had been a Proteftant. The Queen had made a kind of promife to fome of his friends in his behalf that before his death his wife and children mould come unto him. Whereupon conceiving of the Earl of Arundel. 1 1 . conceiving that now his time in this world could not be long, he writ humble . letters both to her, and fome of the Coun- cil petitioning the performance of that fuppofed promife. The Lieutenant of the 'Tower carryed his letters and deli- vered them with his own hands to the Ojieen, and brought him this anfwer from her by word of mouth. That if he would but once go to their Church, his requeft mould not only be granted, but he mould moreover be reftored to his honour, and eftates, with as much favour as me could mew. Which mefTage being delivered he gave thanks to y e Lieutenant for his pains, and faid he could not accept her Ma ties offers upon that condition ; adding withall that he was forry he had but one life to lofe for that caufe. A very wor- thy Gentleman who was prefent at this pafTage has often averr'd it to be true. And I do y e more eafily believe it in regard the Lord Buckhurft, afterward Earl of Dorfet, who was then of the Queen's Council and in great refpe6t, told the fame in fubftance to his fon in law the ■595- 1 1 6 The Life and Death '595- the L d Antony Vifcount Mountague, from whofe mouth I hear'd it, greatly con- demning the good Earl of much want of wifdome and difcretion for not accepting fo great and gracious a favour, as he ef- teemed that offer to have been. Not long after he grew fo faint and weak decaying by degrees, that he was not able to rife from his bed. Where- upon by the advice of his Phyficians he gave over the faying of his Breviary and the reading of other books, betaking himfelf only to his Beads and fome other Devotions whereto by vow he had obliged himfelf; and thefe he never omitted till the very laft day of his life, having his Beads almoft alwayes with him in his bed. His Phyfitians comeing to vifit him fome few dayes before his departure, he defired them not to trouble themfelves now any more his cafe being beyond their fkill, and he haveing then fome bufinefs, mean- ing his Devotions, which he defired, but fear'd he fhould not have time fufficient to difpatch. And they thereupon de- parting Sir Michel Blount then Lieute- nant of the Earl of Arundel. 117 1595- nant of y e 'Tower who had been ever very hard and harfh unto him, took occafion to come and vifit him, and kneeling down by his bedfide, in humble manner de- fired his Lordfhip to forgive him. Whereto the Earl anfwered in this man- ner. Do you afk forgivenefs M r Lieu- tenant ? Why then I forgive you in the fame fort as I defire my felf to be for- given at the hands of God. And then kifling his hand offered it in moft charitable and kind manner to him, and holding him faft by the hand faid. I pray you alfo to forgive me whatever I have faid or done in any thing ofFenfive to you ; and he melting into tears and anfwering that he forgave him with all his heart. The Earl raifed himfelf a little upon his pillow and calling his eyes towards the Lieutenant made a brief and grave fpeech unto him in this man- ner. M r Lievtenant, you have fhew'd both me and my men very hard mea- fure. Wherein my Lord quoth he ? Nay, faid the Earl, I will not make a recapitulation of any thing, for it is all freely n8 The Life and Death " ; ; freely forgiven. Only I am to fay unto you a few words of my laft Will, which being obferved, may by the grace of God turn much to your benefit and reputation. I fpeak not for my felf, for God of his goodnefs has taken order that I fhall be delivered very fhortly out of your charge : only for others I fpeak who may be committed to this place. You mull think M r Lievtenant that when a prifoner comes hither to this Tower, that he bringeth forrow with him. Oh then do not add affliction to affliction : there is no man whatfoever that thinketh himfelf to ftand fureft but may fall. It is a very inhuman part to tread on him whom misfortune hath caft down. The man that is void of mercy, God hath in great deteftation. Your commiffion is only to keep with fafety, not to kill with feverity. Remember good M r Lievtenant y' God who with his finger turneth the unliable wheel of this variable world, can in the revolution of a few dayes bring you to be a prifoner alfo, and to be kept in the fame place where of the Earl of Arundel. 1 1 1 where now you keep others. There is '595- no calamity that men are fubjeft unto, but you may alfo tafte as well as any other man. Farewell M r Lieutenant : for the time of my fmal abode come to me whenever you pleafe, and you {hall be heartily wellcome as my friend. The Lieutenant then humbly took his leave, and went out of the chamber weeping, tho' then perhaps little thinking y c the Earl's words, or rather prophecy would fo foon have been fullnU'd in him : for within feven weeks after the Earl's death, he fell into great difgrace, loft his office, and was indeed committed and kept clofe prifoner in the Tower where he had kept others, and another Lieu- tenant placed, who carry'd as hard a hand over him as he had done over others. The laft night of his life he fpent for the moft part in prayer, fometimes fay- ing his Beads fometimes fuch Pfalms and Prayers as he knew by heart. And oftentimes ufed thefe holy Afpirations : O Lord into thy hands I commend my fpirit. Lord thou ar't my hope ; and the 120 The Life and Death ' 95- the like. Very frequently moreover in- vocating the holy names of Jefus and Mary. Seeing his fervants in the morn- ing ftand by his bedfide weeping in a mournfull manner, he afk'd them what a clock it was ; they anfwering that it was eight or there about. Why then faid he, I have almoft run out my courfe, and come to the end of this miferable and mortal life, defiring them not to weep for him fince he did not doubt by the grace of God but all would go well with him. Which being faid, he re- turn'd to his Prayers upon his Beads again, tho' then with a very flow, hollow and fainting voice, and fo continued as long as he was able to draw fo much breath as was fufficient to found out the names of Jejus and the glorious Virgin, which were the laft words which he was ever heard to fpeak. The laft minute of his laft hour being now come, lying on his back, his eies firmly fixt towards Heaven, and his long lean confumed armes out of the bed, his hand upon his breaft laid in crofs one upon the other, about of the Earl of Arundel. 121 about twelve o'clock at noon, in which hour he was alfo born into this world, arraign'd, condemn'd, and adjudg'd unto death, upon Sunday the 19 th of October 1595 (after almoft 11 years Imprifon- ment in the Tower) in a moft fweet manner without any fign of grief or groan, only turning his head a little afide, as one falling into a pleafing fleep, he furrender'd his happy foul into the hands of Almighty God, who to his fo great glory had created it. Some have thought, and perhaps not improbably, that he had fome foreknow- ledg of the day of his death, becaufe about feven or eight dayes before making certain notes (underftood only by him- felf) in his Calendar, what Prayers and Devotions he intended to fay upon every day of the week following, on Munday, Tuefday, &c. : when he came to the Sunday on which he dy'd, he there made a paufe faying, Hitherto and no farther : this is enough : and fo writ no more, as his fervants who then heared his words, and faw him write, have often teftified. Chap. XVIII. '595- 122 The Life and Death CHAPTER XVIII. His Burial, and other Accidents after his Death. 1595. His corps remain'd till the Tuefday fol- lowing in the chamber where he dyed, and then being fhrouded in a poor meet, was put into a plain cofin covered with a mean blaclc cloth, and carry'd without any folemnity to the Chappell of the Tower, and there buried in the Chancel in the very felf fame grave where the Duke his Father's was : where it did remain till the year 1624 wherein by the pro- curement of the Countefs his Wife and the Earl his Son it was removed from thence, and brought firft to her houfe at Weft Horfeley in Surrey, and being put into of the Earl of Arundel. 123 into an iron coffin, which fhe caufed to be purpofely made, and conveniently adorn'd for it, was foon after convey'd to Arundel and there depofited in a vault built at her appointment alfo, for her felf and thofe of her pofterity and family : with this Latin Infcription upon it. Philippi Comitis olim Arund. et Sur. offa vene- randa hoc Ioculo condita, impetrata a Jacobo Rege venia, Anna; uxoris dilectiffima: cura, Thomje Filij infigni pietate a Turri Londinenfi in hunc locum trandata funt anno 1624. Qui l"i° ob fidei Catho. profeffionem fub Elizabetha carceri mancipatus, deinde poena pecuniaria 1 0000 lib. mulflatus, tandem capitis iniquiffime condemnatus, poft vitam in are- tiflima cuftodia in eadem Turri an. 10. mens. 6. fanctiflime tranfaftam pijffime, 19 Oft. 159; non abfque veneni fufpitione in Domino obdormivit. I forgot to note in the due place that upon the night precedent to the Earl's arraignment and condemnation, a Nitin- gale was hear'd to ling with great melody in a JefTamine tree all y e night long in the Garden of Arundel Houfe where his Count e/s and Children then did remain, the which may feem the more ftrange in regard the like was neither before, nor fince 1595- 1 24 The Life and Death '595- fince that time ever heared in that place. Another thing as ftrange did happen in the 'Tower foon after his death ; for two tame Stags which the Lieutenant kept there for his pleafure falling into a fury, never defifted knocking their horns againft the walls till their brains being beaten out they dy'd. I fignified before how the Lieu', him- felf within few weeks after the Earl's death was difgracefully thruft out of his office and put prifoner in the Tower. And now I may add that Sir Thomas Hennage one of his chiefeft enimies (the Earl of Leicefter and Walfingam being dead before, and both of them mod miferably) died in a fearfull manner with great horror and noife within four dayes after his moft happy departure. M r Bennet the Prieft one of thofe who had accufed him, fell not long after into a grievous difeafe whereof he alfo died miferably with great remorfe and grief for what he had done. And Sir Thomas Gerard who was the other, never pros- pered after that time, but fold and wafted a great of the Earl of Arundel. 125 a great part of his eftate, lived a lewd licentious life, fell from the profeffion of the Catholick Faith, and fo continued till about a year before his death. Chap. XIX. •595- 126 The Life and Death CHAPTER XIX. A Description of his Person, and Natural Gifts. 1 557-95- The Earl was tall of ftature, yet ever very ftreight, long vifaged, but of a comely countenance. He was much ad- dicted unto fports and mirth in his youth as being of a pleafant difpofition. His memory was excellent, his wit more than ordinary. He was naturally eloquent, and of a ready fpeech. Whilft he was a Proteftant, he once out of merriment difguifed himfelf in the habit of a Minifter of the better fort, and going upon a Sunday to the church of a cer- tain country town there preached in fuch manner, that fome of good under- ftanding of the Earl of Arundel. 127 Handing and judgment who were pre- fent affirmed they feldom had heared a better Sermon nor fo well delivered. And this may be an argument of the greatnefs of his memory, that if he had but once heared out of any Englifh, Latin, or Italian hiltory fo much read as was contained in a leaf, he would forth- with perfectly have repeated it. Some for a trial have invented twenty long ftrange and difficult words, which he had never feen nor heared before, yet did he recite them readily, every one in the fame order as they were written, have- ing once only read them over. Going one day from the Cathedral Church of St Paul in London to his own houfe without Temple Bar, he obferved the figns of all the houfes that were on the left fide of the ftreet, which are fome hundreds queftionlefs, and being come into his houfe he caufed one of his fervants to write them down in a paper as he named them and another being fent with the paper to try thereby if the figns of the houfes did agree both in name number, and '557-95- 128 The Life and Death ■557-95- and order with thofe written in the paper, found them exactly fo to do. Being at the Seflions held at Chichefter whilft he was a Proteftant, and in autho- rity in y e Country, he made a very wife and ordered Speech of an hour long con- cerning fome then prefent affairs of the Kingdome in the prefence of the Earl of Northumberland the Lord Vifcount Mon- tague, and many principal Knights and Gentlemen of the Shire. The day fol- lowing he took his journey towards London, and neither in his journey, nor for the fpace of ten dayes after did he make any mention of that Speech, nor indeed fcarce had time fo much as to think of it, being hindered by many other bufineffes then occurring, and at the end of thofe ten dayes he called his Secretary M r Keeper who was prefent when he pronounced it (from whofe relation I came to have notice of it) and cc manding him to write, he dictated the chief and greateft part of the faid Speech in the fame words and fentences, as he had recited it at Chi- chefter, of the Earl of Arundel. 1 2c chefter, never haveing before that hour written one word thereof, but only as he firft conceived it in his mind, had till then conferved it in his memory. Much might be faid of the acutenefs of his wit fhewed by the ready anfwers which in occafions upon the fuddain he would make. But I will content my felf with one which he made to a forward Proteftant at his being in the Tower, as it was related by the abovenamed M r Keeper who well might be, and as I take it, was an ear witnefs thereof. That Proteftant ftanding by the Karl whilft in time of his recreation he was engraving with his knife y e fign of the Holy Crofs in a ftone of the wall of his chamber, and feeing him to have hurt his hand a little by the accidental fliping of the knife, faid thus: Your Lordfhip by this may fee, how foon the Lord doth hinder this unlawfull work you were in hand withall. Nay rather, anfwer'd the Earl, you may mark how quickly the devil hath apply'd himfelf to fruflrate fo good an action. The Pro- teftant haveing nothing to reply, the Earl k went '557-95- 1JO The Life and Death '557-95' went on with his pious work, and entered into other good difcourfe. And the fame, occafion being offered to fpeak of Noble- men, he faid they were called in Latin Optimates ab Optimo, to put them in mind, that in their lives and converfation they mould as well endeavour to be the befi, as they are in place and rank the chief and principal perfons in the Com- monwealth. Mention moreover being made of worldly goods, he faid they were in his conceit like unto duft, as being carry'd with every wind of fortune, now this, now that way from one man to another, or rather like unto fhadows, which do not long remain in one fettled place and form, nor can be conferved from fading, and foon vanifhing away. Chap. XX. of the Earl of Arundel. CHAPTER XX. Some of his Moral Vertues. The natural gifts of Wit and Memory mentioned in the precedent Chapter, though they were extraordinary ; yet neither fo commendable, nor to be com- pared to the many vertues wherewith he was endow'd. And firft : He was fo addicled to almefdeeds and companion of the poor, even before his being Catho- lick that he not only gave charge always when he went abroad to fome one or other of his fervants to give unto all thofe who did demand almes of him, but himfelf alfo would fometimes beftow it on fome who did not afk it, whereby it often came to x 3i '557-95- 13a The Life and Death '557-95- to pafs that when knowledge beforehand was had of his going forth, his coach could fcarce pafs through the ftreet for the multitude of poor people aflembled to receive his charity. Out of this his pious difpofition and commiferation of thofe who were in mifery, it proceeded that he could not diflemble any Injury done to them, but would reprehend or admonifh thereof thofe he could conve- niently when he faw them at any time to have offended therein, as he did to a cer- tain Gentleman at Chichefter in this man- Verily you have too much forgot ner. your felf, good Sir, in abufing fuch a poor man in the manner you have done it. Far better had it been you had considered that before God there is no difference betwixt the poor and rich, betwixt the beggar and the gentleman, all of us are of the fame nature made of the fame mold, enjoying the fame air. Thofe therefore who are of better birth, or higher in degree ought not to contemn others, much lefs infult over 'em, but rather help and pleafure them. His of the Earl of Arundel. 133 His gratitude likewife towards all who '557-95- had ever done him any kind office, good deed, or courtefie was very remarkable. For even to his own fervants tho' of the meaner fort, he would not only by wordes thankfully acknowledg any fuch good turn, but ever bear it in his mind till one way or other he had requited it. And not long before his death he left order how all of them who had done him any fervice ihould be abundantly rewarded ; fome with prefent money, fome with leafes, fome with annuities, and very fufficient provifion during their lives. — I have feen diverfe of his Letters to the U Chancellor, Treafurer and others who fometimes did good offices for him to the Shieen in the time of his troubles, in which he ever Ihewed as much thank- fullnefs as might be exprefled, and not only to them, but in other Letters to his Lady and other private Friends, he ftill did y e fame whenfoever there was any occafion to mention the courtefies which Noble men had done him. But yet none fo much, as thofe from whom 134 "The Life and Death '557-95- whom he had received any comfort, counfel, or direction tending to the good of his foul ; as among others to F r Ro- bert Southwell, the which he exprefTed in this manner in one amongft diverfe other Letters written to that effect. My Dear and R d Father. This being the laft time that I think I mail ever fend unto you, I mould be very ungratefull if, wanting all other means of expreffing my thankfullnefs I fhou'd not now at leaft acknowledg it in words ; and as I muft needs fay, I could not be more bound to any man, nor to any but one of your calling fo much ; and all this in a time when fuch comforts were moft wellcome, and even to the benefit of that which in all men is moft pretious : fo in heart, our Lord who fees all fecrets, fees my good will and thankfullnefs, and I doubt not will reward you amongft all your other worthy merits, for thefe bellowed on me his moft unworthy fervant ; and in as much thankfullnefs and good will as my heart can conceive, I remain yours till the laft moment. And that this was not out of the Earl of Arundel. i3S out of complement, but real and un- feined, appeared by the love and refpe6t he always did bear him : for when the faid Father after fome years was appre- hended and imprifoned in the Tower, whenfoever the Lieu'- made any mention of him in his prefence, as oftentimes he did, he ufed ever to fpeak with great refpedr. of him, calling him often, Blejfed Father. And when once the Lieutenant feemed to take exceptions thereat faying : Term you him Blejfed Father being as he is an enimy to his country ? the Earl defended him, faying : How can that be, feeing your felf hath told me hereto- fore that no fault could be laid unto him, but his Religion. And the Lieu c - telling him at another time, that his (the Earl's) dog came into Father Southwell's cham- ber whilft he was there with him, he an- fwered that he loved his dog the better for it, and the Lieutenant in a fcoffing manner faying it might be the dog came thither to have his blefiing ; the Earl reply'd, it was no news for irrational creatures to feek bleffing at the hands of holy '557-95- 136 ■557- VS. The Life and Death holy men, Saint "Jerome writing how (hod- Lions which had digged with their paws S' Paul the Ercmit's grave flood after waiting with their eyes upon S Antony expecting his blefling. 1'he like gratcfull mind and great affection he alfo ever bore and alwayes fhcw'd unto K r // 'illiam II 'ejlon by whom he was firft reconciled, and lor his fake unto the wholl Society ; for thus lie writ in a Letter to one of them. I call (lod to witnefs 1 have, and do principally in my heart moil affect, reverence, and honour your vocation above others, for that I have feen, hear'd, and read, as alfo in refpect that from one of that calling 1 received the greatefl good which ever 1 tailed. The great humility of his mind ap- peared alfo many wayes, as in his apparel which ever after his becomeing C'atholick was alwayes very plain. 1 lis gowns which 1 have feen being no better than ordinary broad cloth, the faceing and capes of bayes without: any manner of lace or other ornament, and the refl of his of l he Karl of Arundel. M7 his apparcll was proportionahlc to his (■owns. Secondly in his words ;uul con vcrlation, hcing very courteous iiiul affa hie even (o (In- mcanefl, iintl in point of vertue preferring all others he fore him- fell*. I'Voni whence il proceeded (hat in many occalions he lerm'd himfclf (he unworthyell of Cod's fervants. Thirdly in his williiijMK'ls lo he advifed ol his faults, overlij'hls and imperfections : for thus I fi tit.1 him liiyini; in one of his Let (en; (o I'' 1 South-well. What fault foever you (lull upon your own knowledp; find (o he in me, and tell me of, 1 will alwayes endeavour and deftrc (o amend. And this he really ever performed as I have perceived hy divcrfc of his Letters to his Lady ami others wherein he [>ave order for the amending ol fome thinjvs whereof he had heeu advifed l»y the (aid h'ather, whole du eel ions he had rcfolvcd (o ex aclly to ohlerve, that in a matter which did no Ids concern him than his life, he thus vviit unto his Lady: Allure him from me, (la yen he fpeakitij> of I 1 '' Soiith- ■well) that I will not lor any woildly relpeiM ">57 •is- *3* The Life and Death '557-95- refpect whatfoever, God willing, go one inch farther than he doth direct. Laftly the like humility he fhew'd in the final conceit he had of his own writings and all other things which he did : for how well foever they were done in the judg- ment of others, yet did he think them full of imperfections and faults ; as thofe treatifes which he compiled in the praife of vertue, were judged by him to con- tain great faults and grofs errors, in w ch refpect he willed his Secretary M r Keeper to deliver them to F r Wefton to be cor- rected. I pray you, fayes he, if it pleafe God to call me, make this humble peti- tion for me to that BleJJed Father to whofe will you lhall commit that work, that as Charity covereth many faults, fo my charitable intent therein to do good to all, and not willingly offend any, may obtain a pardon for all my grofs faults, and abfurd errors. Chap. XXI. of the Earl of Arundel. ! 39 CHAPTER XXI. The Care of his Conscience, and Sorrow for his Sins. I have already fpoken of his Devotion and much application unto Prayer : and therefore will now only add that the very firft time he had an opportunity of writing to his Lady after his Impri- fonment, he fent for the Office of the B d Virgin and a Book treating of the Rofary to the end he might the better understand how to fay it for the beft benefit of his foul, and ever after fuch things as were tending to Piety were alwayes mod wellcome unto him ; his only care being about the ferving of Almighty '557-95- 140 The Life and Death 1 557-95- Almighty God, and the conferring his confcience free from any thing that might trouble it. To that end he gave order to his officers, that not only his own and his Fathers debts mould be forthwith pay'd, but that alfo all wrongs done to any either in his own, his Fathers or Great Grandfathers dayes, mould be compleatly fatisfied. I might here fet down many examples of the tendernefs of his Confcience, and fear to do any thing that might be orTen- five unto God; but I will content my felf with thefe few following. The Duke his Father fent him an Engli/h Bible of the Proteftants tranflation not long before his death ; the which for that reafon he kept very carefully till he became Catho- lick. This Bible I know not by what means was brought into the "Tower ; wherein becaufe his Keepers and the Lieutenant's men did fometimes read, he was fo troubled at it (tho' he knew right well if that had not been there they would have procured fome other) that he refolv'd to have written to the L d . Chancellor of the Earl of Arundel. 141 Chancellor for a warrant (without which it could not be done) to have it fent away, and infallibly he would have fo done, had it not before by accident come into his hands, and fo was kept ever fafe from doing hurt to any. The Gentle- man who was his Keeper told him foon after his Condemnation, that he intended, in fpeaking to fome Lords about him, to fay, that tho' now expecting to die, he found him very refolute in his Religion, yet he hoped fome good might be done with him if there were any affurance of his life. Not doubting, as he faid, but fuch kind of fpeeches, tho' utter'd only as his own opinion might be a means for the faving of his (the Earl's) life. To which he anfwered in this manner. You know I never gave you the leaft hope of any fuch thing : and I would have you know moft afTuredly, that tho' I live I will never alter one jot of my faith. Yet as for faying fo out of your own opinion, I leave it to your felf, if you think it may do me any good. Of thefe laft words he was very fearfull afterwardes 1557-95- 142 The Life and Death '557-95- afterwardes left they might be fome way fcandalous, and therefore writ to his Lady to confult with fome men of learning about them, affureing her if they fhould be fo thought he would ex- preffly forbid his Keeper to fpeak in that manner. In his examinations, and at his Trial at Weftminfter before the Lords his Peers he ever conftantly denied that he either willed M r Bennet the Prieft to fay a Mafs of the Holy Ghoft for y e fuccefs of the Spanijh Fleet, or that he told either Sir Thomas Gerard or M r Shelley that the prayer of 24 hours fhould be for that intention, and in his private Letters to his Lady, he often did the fame, adding withall, as fhe told me, that he was fo newly made a Catholick before his Imprifonment, that he knew not that there was any fuch Mafs as of the Holy Ghoft. Yet after his Con- demnation writing to Father Southwell (tho' therein he doth proteft he could not remember that ever he had faid any fuch thing to M r Shelly, or that he ever mention'd a Mafs of the Holy Ghoft to M r Bennet) of the Earl of Arundel. 143 M r Bennet) he defired to know whether '557-95- it were any burden or no in confcience unto him to have fo refolutly denied thofe things, feing on the one fide they upon their oaths had terrified that he did them, and on the other he knew really he had wifhed well to the Spaniards in his fpeeches, tho' he could not call to mind he had done that of which he was by them accufed. And of this he de- fired to be refolved, as he faid, out of a fear of doing wrong to his accufers, being ready at his Execution, which he then expected every day, to charge him- felf with the moll, left they might be thought by many to have altogether untruly accufed him. Entreating Father Southwell moreover to fignifie as much unto his Wife and other Friends, left they might remain w th the fame evill opinion of his accufers, in cafe he judged him in confcience bound thereto, now that he had truely manifefted unto him as much as poffibly he could fay in their behalf againft himfelf. Now how great his forrow and repent- ance 144 The Life and Death 1557-95- ance was for his fins committed againft Aim. God, may be conjectured by what he manifefted in diverfe of his Letters to have had of the neglect, and ill ufage of his Lady in his younger years, whilft he was a Proteftant. In one to herfelf thus he writ. Mine own good Wife. I muft now in this world take my laft farewell of you, and as I know no perfon living whom I have fo much offended as your felf, fo do I account this oportunity of afking you forgivenefs, as a fingular benefit of Almighty God, and I moft humbly and hartily befeech you even for His fake, and of your charity to forgive me all whereinfoever I have offended you, and the aflurance thereof is a great contentment to my foul at this prefent, and will be a greater I doubt not when it is ready to depart out of my body, and I call God to witnefs it is no final grief unto me that I canot make you recompence in this world for the wrongs I have done you ; for if it had pleafed God to have granted me longer life, I doubt not but you fhould have found me as of the Earl of Arundel. [ 45 as good a Hufband to my poor ability by His grace, as you have found me bad heretofore. In one to F r Southwell fpeaking covertly of her. he fayes, I call our Lord to witnefs that as no fin grieves me any thing fo much as my offences to that party (his Lady) fo no worldly thing makes me loather to depart hence than that I cannot live to make that party fatisfaftion according to my moft ardent and affectionate defire. AjfliElio dat intelleElum, Affliction gives under- standing. God I hope of His infinit mercy who knows my heart, and has feen my true forrow in that behalf has remitted all I doubt not, and fo has the party of her fingular charity to my un- fpeakable comfort. To another Friend thus : I pray you tell my Wife, that if I live, next to the comfort that I fhall reap thereby of having opportunity to make fatisfaction by pennance for my heinous and manifold fins againft Aim. God ; my greater!, joy is that thereby I fhall fhew her what a great defire I have (if I had been able) to have made amends l in '557-95- 146 T/w Life and Death 1 557-95- in fome part for the many and great injuries which I have done her. Finally in another to her felf : He that knows all things, knows that which is part is a nail in my confcience, and burden the greateft I feel there : my will is to make fatisfaction, if my ability were able : but tho' I mould live never fo long, I could never do it further than by a good defire to do it, which while I have any fpark of breath fhall never be wanting. Chap. XXII. of the Earl of Arundel. H7 CHAPTER XXII. His Constancy in the Catholick Faith. Altho' his conftancy in the Catholick Religion was manifeft to the world, and hath been already fufficiently declared, yet it will not be amifs out of his own Letters here to infert fome claufes where- by the fame may more clearly appear. And firft, thus he writ in one to F r South- well foon after his Condemnation. It is my dayly Prayer I call our Lord to witnefs, that I may continue conftant in the profeffion of His Catholick Faith to the end, and in the end, come life or death or whatfoever els. And He knows, who 1557-95- 148 The Life and Death 1557-95- who knows the fecrets of all hearts, that I am fully refolved to endure any death, rather than willingly yield to any thing offenfive to His Divine Majefty in the leaft refpecl, or to give juft caufe of fcandal to the meaneft Catholick. And in another not long after to the fame Father. Aflure your felf I will never to fave my life accufe myfelf unjuftly or belie myfelf and fo have told my Keeper more than once, and God who knows the fecrets of all hearts, knows that I am ready to endure any death than deny, or ftagger in the leaft point of my faith. The like he fignified in many other Letters written about that time both to the fame Father and to his Lady. And in one to M r Keeper fome years after, and not long before his own and F r South- well's death who then was in the Tower thus he faith. For which Religion my felf have allready laid down my life, and am at all times ready to leave it when- foever in that quarrell it fhall be de- manded if all the lives of the men in the world of the Earl of Arundel. [49 world were included in my neck, and this God knows to be true. About a year or a little more after his committment to the 'Tower, one M r Mac- Williams who had the keeping of him for a time, at his departure told him that if he would but mew fo much conformity as to read Books, both he and others thought it would draw him out of the Tower; whereupon giving notice of it to his Lady he writ in thefe words : I know it is not unlawfull if a man have leave, and I am fure by the grace of God that none of their falfe Books mail make me as much as once to ftagger in my faith. Wherefore I pray let fome zealous, learned and difcreet man be talked withall, and fue for leave for me at his hands if he mail think it lawfull, and that I may do it without any fcandal in the world to the Church ; otherwife I would rather choofe to lie here all the dayes of my life, than by any a6t for my liberty offend or fcandalize the fmalefl member of the Catholick Church. Another of his Keepers after his Con- demnation 1557-95- i 5 o The Life and Death 1557-95- demnation told him firft that the U Trea- Jurer did much defire he would admitfome Minifter to come unto him and hear what he could fay about Religion. But he in no cafe would yield thereunto, tho' otherwife he were very defirous to gratify that Nobleman whom he ever efteemed as a fpecial friend, becaufe he thought the doing thereof would argue in him a wavering or doubtfullnefs which in matter of Religion, as he faid, is as much as a deniall of it. Afterwards he fignify'd unto him, if he would at leaft feem to defire that a Prieft and Minifter might be brought jointly both before him to hear them two difpute together, that y e §>ueen would receive much fatis- faction therewith, and perhaps be moved to do much good unto him. He an- fwer'd that he would not have any fuch motion made as proceeding from him left it might feem to argue fome doubt of his faith ; and that he would never fo admit of any fuch thing as the §>ueen or any other might have any caufe of hope, that he would ever alter his Religion wherein of the Earl of Arundel. IU wherein by the grace of God he was moft refolute. And laftly, if he ever did ad- mitt thereof it fhould be firft upon the Queen's exprefs command, and next with this proteftation that he did it only to fatisfie her, thinking the thing to be law- full, and not doubting, but being moft refolute in every point and tittle of his faith. And he thought it lawfull in regard, as he fignify'd to F r Southwell, he remember'd that F r Wefton had once told him he might admitt of a Minifter offered or urged upon him, fo that he had a Prieft allow'd who could anfwer and detedl his untruths. Adding with- all that peradventure fuch a difputation might by the grace of God work fome unexpected good towards fome who were moft forward to procure it, if they were not too far given over. Chap. XXIII. '557-95- I 5 2 The Life and Death 1557-95- CHAPTER XXIII. His Chearfullness in Suffering,and Confidence in God. Much might be faid of his willingnefs and contentment in fuffering and en- dureing fuch crofTes and affli&ions as befell him during his long Imprifon- ment : but I will fatisfy my felf with only fetting down his own words taken out of fome of his Letters, which I have feen. Firft therefore in one to F r South- well thus he fayes. For all CrofTes touching worldly matters, I thank God they trouble me not much, and much the lefs for your Angular good Counfel, which I befeech our Lord I may often remember. of the Earl of Arundel. 53 remember. In another about fome vile flanders raifed of him which I have al- ready mentioned in the Eleventh Chap- ter, thefe be his words. I allure you I thank our Lord thefe flanders trouble me no whit, but rather yield me comfort considering that I fuftain them for His Name. In one to his Lady a little before his laft troubles he writes thus. I befeech you for the love of God to comfort your- felf whatfoever fhall happen, and to be beft pleafed with that, which fhall pleafe God beft and be His will to fend. For mine own part I find by more arguments than thofe I underftand from you that there is fome intent (as they think who work it) to do me no good, but indeed to do me the moft good of all : but I am I thank God, and doubt not but I fhall be by his grace ready to endure the worft which flefh and blood can do againft me. And fo indeed he declared himfelf really to be by the courage, chearfullnefs and alacrity which he fhewed at the time of his arraignment, and in all occafions when '557-95- [ 54 The Life and Death '557-95- when his adverfaries were mod violent againft him. For, fuch and fo great it was, that the Gentleman who then was his keeper, told him many thereby judg'd him as defperate, and fome of his friends wondered he would fpeak fo roundly to thofe who were his examiners in the 'Tower about the bufinefs whereof he was after- wards arraigned, telling one of them, as I faid before, that he cared not for the worft he could do againft him: and to another, who threatened him with hang- ing, That the fooner the better if it pleaf 'd God it Ihould be fo. The which he did, as he fignified to F r Southwell, to fhew that he regarded not their threats: not out of any anger, fayes he, or malice towards them, but to let them know my confcience being clear, and my caufe good, that I cared not for the worft they could do againft me. That which chiefly caufed this courage and chearfullnefs in him, was the great confidence he had in the mercy and good- nefs of Almighty God, that He would ever help and affift him in all occafions: for fo of the Earl of Arundel. J 55 fo he writ to a Friend whom he certified of his readinefs and chearfullnefs to enter into the laft combat at that time when he loolc'd every day to be carry'd to execu- tion. I aflure you I prepare myfelf as much as my weaknefs and frailty will permitt, and I had rather perform more, than come fhort of that I promife, efpe- cially wherein my frailty and unworthi- nefs and infinit fins may juftly make me doubt of the performance. But I know God's mercy is above all and I am fure He will never fuffer me to be tempted above my flrength ; and upon this I build with all affurance and comfort. And in another to his Lady I befeech you, take all as well as you may, affuring your felf God doth all for the beft to thofe y' love Him, and fufFers none to be tempted above their ftrength, and upon thefe two I have caft my anchor of hope. 1557-95- Chap. XXIV. 1 5 6 The Life and Death '557-95- CHAPTER XXIV. His Charity and Good Desires. How great his Charity was towards God and his neighbor may appear as well by his defire of doing and fuffering for God's fake, as by his willingnefs to pardon and forgive all injuries received from any man. In a Letter to a Friend of his wherein he complain'd that Sir Thomas Gerard had done both moft uncharitably and unjuftly in accufing him of diverfe things, he therein did proteft, that freely and from his heart he did forgive him all. The like he did to M r Bennet and all thofe who had wrongfully given tefti- mony againft; him. As alfo to thofe who of the Earl of Arundel. J 57 who had raifed moft vile flanders againft him, as that he was of no religion and the like. Not long before his death when he was fo weak and feeble that he was fcarce able without help to walk from one end of his chamber to the other, pointing with his finger towards the 'Tower Hill, he told his fervants who then fupported him; that had it been God's will, he defired much more to have died for his faith upon that hill, than in his bed and cham- ber, as now it feemed likely he fhould do: and that tho' he had often confulted the Phificians in the time of his ficknefs, it was not fo much out of any great de- fire of living long, as fome perhaps might think, as to conferve himfelf untill he fhould fee if it were God's holy pleafure that he fhould die publickly for his Re- ligion. To the which he prepar'd him- felf a long time with great diligence by failing, prayer, meditation, and diverfe other pious exercifes wherein yet he far lefs confided (fuch was his vertue and humi- lity) than in the prayers and good endea- vors 1557-95. 1 5 8 The Life and Death •557-95- vors of others for him. In which refpect he both oft and earneftly beg'd them, and in particular in one Letter to F r South- well after this manner. I befeech you for the love of GW, procure me to be remember'd in the morning of my Exe- cution in as many ways as you can by that meane which you know moft effectual to do me good, and by one of them (that is a Mafs) at the hour of my laft conflict as near as may be con- jectured. Concerning his good defires and pur- pofes, if God had given him life to fee better times, than thofe in which he lived, tho' I doubt not they were many more than I have had notice of, yet thefe three following I find exprefTed in fome Let- ters which he writ to his Lady from the Tower. Firft that he meant to have made two of his principal houfes reli- gious places, and reftored all the reli- gious lands in his pofTeffion; for thus he faid. I pray you let my Son know when he comes to any years of difcretion, that I was fully refolved to make Howard- houje of the Earl of Arundel. !S9 houfe and Norwich-houfe religious houfes, and to reftore all religious lands (if I had lived to fee a Catholick time) and defire him for the love of God and on my blefs- ing to do the like (for fo Go^will profper him) except he fhall be otherwife advifed by fuch as I fubmitt my felf to their judg- ment. Secondly he intended of new to have founded a Chantry, whereof he writ in thefe words. I have appointed 2500 11 - for the building of a Chantry, which I wifh my Son to do, if ever he be able, or thofe that have dealing in my lands before he come of age, if the time ferve, and the lands be reftored. Laftly he was refolved in cafe he outlived his Lady to have left the world, and become Religious, for thus he fayes. I call God to witnefs that if it were not in refpecl of you (albeit I lived) every body mould well fee, if I were not utterly kept from it againft my will, that I efteem as little of the world, as fhe by her ufage has feemed to efteem of me, and that I de- fpifed her as much as fhe did me. And a little after. If you mould not do well, I would, '557-95- 160 The Life and Death '557-95- I would, if the §>ueen took me not away by a violent death, voluntarily fequefter my felf from this fea of mifery, or els want of my will. Chap. XXV. of the Earl of Arundel. 161 CHAPTER XXV. The great Good Estimation others had of Him The Vertues of the Earl whereof hi- therto I have fpoken together with many more not mentioned by me, were fo excellent, and mined in fuch manner, that not only the Catholicks of this king- dome and nation ; but of many others were much edified thereby, and for them did highly efteem, love and honour him. And fo great was the refpect and affec- tion which all generally here in England did bear him that one of good rank amongft them told one of thofe Gentle- men who had the cuftody of him, y u he m had 1 SS7~9S- 1 6 1 The Life and Death '5S7-95- had wonne all the Catholicks' hearts of y e kingdome by the good ufage he had fhewn to the Earl his prifoner. And in other nations fome of great learning, and fome both of learning and dignity have left large Encomiums written in his praife, •as the Moft Reverend Diego de Tepes Bifhop of Taracona in Spain, and fome others in France and Italy which I will not now ftand to relate, contenting my felf with that which I find written by the Reverend Father Cornelius a Lapide of the Flemijh nation a Learned Religious of the Society of Jejus in his Commenta- ries upon the io th Chapter of the Epiftle to the Hebrews, upon thofe words of the 2 4 verfe. Rapinam honor um vejlrorum in gaudio Jujcepiftis. where he fpeaks of him in this manner. The Moft Noble Earl of Arundel Philipp Howard fon and heir of the Duke of Norfolk, being taken when he was flying into France for the Catholick Religion, was caft into the Tower of London, and afterwards arraigned and condemned and after ten years and a half of the Earl of Arundel. 163 half imprifonment or there about, he died in durance a glorious ConfefTor, yea a Martyr. He was the chief Earl of England, and of a moft Noble Family: and wonderfull it is how much he loft, and with what quietnefs of mind he en- dured all adverfities. Whilft he was prifoner he was not only of example, but a lingular comfort to all Catholicks. No one ever hear'd him complain either of the lofs of his goods, or of the incom- modities of the prifon, or the being be- reaved of his liberty : and fuch as he heared complaine or underftood to be aggrieved, he endeavoured by his words and courteous ufage to comfort, ftrength- en, and confirm. His delight was in nothing but in God, and the contempla- tion of heavenly things. Much of the money which the §>ueen did allow him for his maintenance (for to every prifoner in the 'Tower fomething is affigned, more or lefs according to each man's degree) he gave unto the poor, contenting him- felf with a fpare and flender diet. Many other things this moft Noble Earl faid, did, 1557-95- 164 The Life and Death, etc. '557-95- did, and fufFered, which equalife, if not exceed the deeds of the ancient worthies of the Primitive Church and therefore are moft worthy to be eternized. That which this Author faith of the Earl that he was a glorious ConfefTor of the Catholick Faith, yea a Martyr, is the general perfwafion of all learned Catho- lick men, both of our own and other na- tions. As fuch therefore we all ought to efteem him, and may with juft reafon commend our felves to his holy Prayers and Interceffion, that thereby we may obtain fo much grace of Almighty God, that here we may imitate his excellent vertues, and in heaven enjoy his happy company for all eternity. Amen. FINIS. THE LIFE OF The Right Honourable LADY the LADY ANNE COUNTESSE of (dArundell ami Surrey, FoUNDRESSE ? of tfhe&ujUfhdoflaje of tfU Society of Sssvs vn CHAPTER I. Her Birth., Parentage, and Edu- cation. The Noble, and Vertuoufe Lady Anne, 1557. late Counteffe of Arundell and Surrey, was born upon the laft day of March in 1557, at the Citty of Carlile in Cumber- land. Her Father was 'Thomas Lord Da- cres of the North, a perfon of great Ef- tate, Power, and Authority in thofe parts (as poffeffing no lefs than nine Baronies) and one of the moft ancient for Nobility in the whole Kingdome. Her Mother was Elizabeth Labourn, Daughter of Sir James Labourn a Knight much efteem'd and honour'd in Lancafhire. For her Beauty, Perfon, Wit, and Difcretion, fhe was qualify 'd to wear a Crown. Not 1 6.8 The Life of the CountefTe J 557- Not long after her birth, the care of her breeding and education was com- mitted to her Grand - Mother by the Mother's fide the Lady Mount-Eagle a grave, difcreet, and vertuoufe Matron, who, as being a religious good Catholick ; firft procured to have her confirm'd by that worthy Prelate, and renown'd Con- feflbr Doctor Cuthbert Tonftal Bifhop of Durham, and in due time to be taught to read, and inftructed in the firft princi- ples of Chriftian Religion, by an ancient Catholic Prieft fhe then kept in her houfe. This Lady Mounteagle was Daughter of one Mr. Prefton a Gentleman of note in Lancajhire, and was marry'd firft to Sir James Labourn, by whome fhe had two Daughters ; Anne marry'd to the Lord Mounteagle, her fecond hufband's eldeft Son, and Elizabeth firft marry'd to the Lord Dacres above mention'd, and after to Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk. Both thefe her Daughters knowing the great prudence and care fhe had ufed in the education of themfelves, prevail'd with o/"Arundell and Surrey. 169 with her to undertake the education alfo of their Daughters, which fhe perform'd with fuch diligence and difcretion, that tho' they were but young when fhe dy'd, yet they receiv'd fo much good from that fhort education, that they enjoy'd great advantages by it all their life time. She carry'd a ftricl hand over them, not permitting fuch liberties as many do to the ruin of their children. She re- prehended them fharply for their faults, and chaftif'd with her own hands, by which means they came not only to know what was evil, but alfo to have a fear and horror to do it. But above all me took fpecial care to inflill Vertue and Piety into 'em, habituating them befide faying their prayers, in beftowing Almes with their own hands to prifoners and poor people, together with many other good deeds. And indeed fuch were the good feeds fow'd in her Grand- child Anne, (who even to her dying day retain'd a gratefull memory of her, and wou'd often make mention of y e rare endowments fhe obferv'd in her) that from '557- 170 The Life of t he Counteffe i ssj- from them it may well be thought, divers of the good inclinations and af- fections which ever after appear'd in her, ow'd their rife and progrefs. For firft, by what was then ingrafted in her fhe ever retain'd a good opinion of, and affection to the Catholick Reli- gion. Secondly, a propenfion to works of mercy, and a particular application to the cureing of difeafes, wounds and the like, wherein her Grandmother did ex- cell. Thirdly a particular affection for the Society of Je/us by hearing her Grandmother rejoice and praife God for eftablifhing a new Religious Order w ch bound itfelf by a fpecial vow of obe- dience to the Pope, whom all Hereticks did then abjure, and oppugn. Before the promulgation of the Coun- cil of Trent's declaration concerning the unlawfullnef of being prefent at the Pro- teftant Service, Sermons, and the like here in England; the Lady Monteagle was accuftom'd to have Proteftant Service read to her by a Chaplain in her houfe, and afterwards to hear Mafs faid pri- vately o/"Arundell and Surrey. 171 vately by a Prieft. But, as foon as fhe I S57- underftood the unlawfullnef of this prac- tice, fhe wou'd never be prefent at the Proteftant Service any more. And once urg'd by the Duke of Norfolk with whome fhe liv'd a while before her death, and at whofe houfe fhe dy'd, to do fomething contrary to the Profeffion of her Faith, tho' fhe much efteem'd and refpected him, yet her anfwer was fo round and refolute, that he never men- tion'd the like any more, but gave her full liberty to have all the affiftance de- fir'd before, and at her death. Wherein fhe was more happy than her Daughter the- Ducheje, who dying not long before her in Childbed, tho' fhe defir'd to have been reconciled by a Prieft, who for that end was conducted into the garden, yet could not have accefs unto her, either by reafon of the Duke's vigilance to hinder it, or at leaft of his continual prefence in the chamber at that time. Chap. II. 172 The Life of the Counteffe CHAPTER II. Her Marriage, and the Means used to pervert her Judgement in Religion. 1566. The Lord Dacres Father to this honour- able Lady whofe life I write, left behind him when he dyed two other Daughters befides her felf, and one Son : the Son was nam'd Francis, and the other Daughters, Mary and Elifabeth. They were all then very young, the Lady Anne who was the eldeft being but nine years of age or thereabouts ; and by reafon of their Mother's marrying with the Duke of Norfolk, they all came into his cuftody. The Son, by Queen Eliza- bet/is o/" Arundell and Surrey. 173 bettis grant, was his Ward whom he in- tended to have married to his only Daughter the Lady Margaret, and that being fruftrated by the untimely death of the Child, who about eight years old was accidentally flain by the fall of a vault- ing Horfe upon him at the Duke's houfe at Thetford, he obtain'd the wardfhip alfo of the Daughters whome he intended to have match'd with his three Sons, as in effect two of them were fome years after ; Anne the eldeft to Philip his eldeft Son Earl of Surrey, and Elizabeth the youngeft to the Lord William Howard his youngeft Son. Mary the fecond Daughter who was defign'd for the Lord 'Thomas Howard his fecond Son, dyed before fhe was marriageable. The Duke was fo defirous that thefe intended mar- riages lhou'd take effect, that he caufed the Earl of Surrey to be contracted to the Lady Anne as foon as fhe came to be compleatly twelve years old (age in her fufficient to afTent) tho' the Earl wanted at that time fome months of that age. Upon which account they were marry'd again 1569. 174 The Life of the CountefTe 1571- again when the Earl was full fourteen, neceflary for him to give fuch confent to his marriage as wou'd bind him ever after. But tho' this was don with fuf- ficient witnefTes, and other requifit con- ditions, yet was it carry'd privatly without any noife or publiclc folemnity by reafon the Duke at that time was in difgrace, and in trouble about the bufinef of the Queen of Scots, for w * 1 not long after he loft his life being beheaded on Tower Hill the fecond of 1572- June 1572. This Duke tho' he were a very moral Nobleman, of exceeding good temper and moderate difpofition, yet by reafon of his education under John Fox and others deeply infecled with Herefie he was not only perverted in judgment about many points of Religion, but feem'd alfo to be fomething earneft therein efpecially towards the end of his dayes. Nor was he content that his own Children and the others in his cuftody whom he in- tended to match with them fhould be brought up Proteftants and carry'd to Service of Arundell and Surrey. 175 Service and Sermons in the publick Churches, but moreover he appointed that fome of the ableft Minifters mould be brought into the houfe to inftruct them and the reft of his family. And having underftood that his Daughter of Surrey (for the Lady Anne was then marry'd to the Earl his Son) was Catho- lickly inclin'd, he dehorted her by letters from it, biding her take heed of Popery, Superftition, and human traditions. The like endeavour was ufed by the Duke's Sifter the Counteffe of Weftmorland who liv'd in the fame houfe with her feveral years, and was a very zealous Proteftant. Yet neither of them prevail'd : for tho' fhe went to Service and Sermons with the reft, yet could fhe never be drawn to communicate amongft them, ever finding fome means or other to avoid it. To retain this affection for Catholick Religion befides the Education under her Grand Mother the Lady Mounteagle, the converfing with fome of her own kindred did alfo much conduce : and indeed all or moft of them both by her Father 1571. 176 The Life of the Countefie x 57*- Father and Mother's fide either were actually Catholicks or very much that way affected, as fhe knew alfo her Father, Mother, Grandfathers and Grandmothers of both fides to have ever been. Her Father's Brethren which were three: Leo- nard, Edward, and Francis were all Ca- tholicks, the two elder dyed in banifli- ment, the third dyed here in England. So likewife were all his Sifters, and one of them that was married to the Lord Vifcount Mountague was fo notable for her conftancy therein, and other vertues, that her life has been written, for an ex- ample to others, printed alfo and pub- lifh'd to the world. Her Mother's only Sifter the Lady Mounteagle likewife was a Catholick, as alfo moft of that kindred, and among the reft M r . James Labourn was fo refolute and conftant therein, that he loft his life for it, being put to a painfull and igno- minious death, hang'd, drawn and quar- ter'd at Lancafter, as I take it, in the year 1583, and 2.6 t of Queen Elifabeth for denying her Supremacy in Ecclefiaf- tical o/"Arundell and Surrey. 177 tical Affaires. Alfo her frequent con- verfing with the Lord Henry Howard Brother to the Duke who in his dif- courfes did alwayes maintain, and defend the Catholick Religion againft his Sifter of Weftmorland and others did alfo much conduce thereunto : as alfo did her living afterwards withe the Lady Lumley Daugh- to Henry Fitzallen Earl of Arundell, and Aunt to her Hufband : for fhe was not only a good Catholick, vertuous and dif- creet, but alfo well learn'd and could fpeak much in defence of her Religion. Chap. III. 1572. l 7 \ The Life of the Countefle 1572. CHAPTER III. The Unkind Usage she received from her Husband for a Time. The Earl of Surrey her Hufband foon after the Duke his Father's death went with his Brothers to the Univerfity of Cambridge where he remain'd a little more than two years, during which time, and after his coming, from thence to his going to Court nothing of any dinatisfaction to the Lady his Wife could be perceiv'd in him : but not long after his arrival there, being carry'd away by evil com- pany with which the Court did then abound, he began at firft fomething to negleci her, feldome comeing, or fending any ueen to do what they did, or at leaft were em- bolden'd thereto by the hopes of doing her a pleafure, fince moft of them knew what a hatred me bore to the CounteJJe ; and how defiroufe fhe was to crofs and afflicT: her upon all occafions. For they faw that feveral times fhe did exprefly forbid her to live at, or come to London, even only to confult the Phifitians about fome 1583. 1Q2 The Life of the Counteffe 1583. fome infirmities fhe was fubject unto. And if at any time after much entreating fhe granted her leave to live at Arundell- houfe, yet when fhe came upon any occa- fion to live at Somerjet-houfe near ad- joyning, then was the Countejfe warn'd by fome of the Council to remove from thence during that time, and this was either by the Queen's own order, or els becaufe thofe Counfellors knew too well fhe could not endure to have the Coun- tejfe near her, tho' for never fo fhort a time. When the Countejfe being great w th childe of her Son liv'd at a hired houfe near Rumford in EJfex, the Queen having intelligence that the Lady Margaret Sackvil (who then was alfo great with child) was gon thither to pay her a vifit, fent forthwith a mefTenger to that Lady with exprefs command not to flay there any more than that night ; but the very next morning to depart, the which fhe promif'd the mefTenger to do, and undoubtedly wou'd have perform'd had fhe not that night unexpectedly fallen in labour, of Arundell and Surrey. 193 labour, and thereby hinder'd from ex- ecuting that rigorous command. And when foon after the Countejfe was de- liver'd of her Son, and earneftly defired that the Earl her Hufband (who was then clofe prifoner in the Tower) might be inform'd of it, it wou'd by no means be granted : but after fome time by other means he was told fhe was brought to bed of another daughter. One may eafily guefs he was thus mifinform'd to increafe his affliction. The Queen fome time after that, comeing either for plea- fure or curiofity to Arundell-houfe, where the Countejfe then lived, but was abfent at that prefent, by the advice of fome in authority, and efpying in the glafs of one of the windows a fentence written with a diamond infmuating hopes of future better fortune which fhe imagin'd, as it feems, to have been done by the Countejfe; with her own hand fhe writ underneath another fentence expreffing much paffion and difdain. And this in all likelyhoodfhe did on purpofe to grieve and afflict the poor Lady who foon after o her 1585- ! 9+ The Life of the CountefTe " " • her return thither did fee them, and eafily perceiv'd by whom, and for what end they were written. The Countejfe often made humble pe- tition by means of friends, to the Queen (during the Earl's imprifonment) for leave to have accefs to him, efpecially in fome times of his ficknes and infirmity ; but, tho' the like favour was granted to the Lady Latimore and fome others whofe hufbands were at that time prifoners in the Tower, yet fhe could never obtain it. And the Earl conceiving that if fhe went in perfon to prefent her Petition to the Qjteen, it might perhaps be more effec- tual, anfwer was made him by a Courtier and a Counfellor who knew the Queen's difpofition, that fhe wou'd fooner fet him at liberty (and this was after his condem- nation) than admitt his Lady to her pre- fence to make the intended Petition. After the Earl's death, by right fhe fhou'd have enter'd into the pofleffion of thofe lands, which were her own inherit- ance, as alfo fome of the Earl her Huf- band's afTured unto her by way of jointure (all of Arundell and Surrey. IQ 5 (all which the Queen had feiz'd on from the time of the Earl's attainder) yet con- trary to all juftice me was forc'd with great charge and trouble to fue for them all : and tho' her jointure could with no colour be detain'd long, a great part of her inheritance was kept a great while from her by the Queen upon flight pre- tences, and in the end to obtain them all fhe was compel! 'd to pay by way of compofition well nigh ioooo pound. •595- Chap. VII. 96 "The Life of the Counteffe '595- CHAPTER VII. Her Grief for the Death of the Earl her Husband. Half a year after the death of Father Robert Southwell of the Society of Jefus her fpiritual Director who was executed at Tybourn for the Catholick Faith, it pleaf'd God to take alfo out of this wretched world unto His heavenly kingdom, the noble Earl her Huf- band upon the nineteenth of OSlober 1595, the which cauf'd fo great grief unto her mind, that the effects thereof did much prejudice to her corporal health. Some years before a certain perfon (not fo difcreet as might have been of Arundell and Surrey. 197 been wifh'd) told her upon a fuddain of the unexpected death of the Lady Mar- garet Sackville her Hufband's Sifter, whom for her many great vertues, and conftant love in all occasions fhe did highly efteem and love ; the grief where- of fuddainly furprifing her wrought fo upon her, that fhe immediately fainted away and ever after was much molefted with a melancholy vapor which iffueing from her fpleen and afcending to her head did exceedingly annoy her, efpe- cially in occafions of any grief and forrow. And hence it proceeded that for a long time after the Earl's death (which was the greateft caufe of grief fhe ever had) fhe was fo afflicted with the rifing of that vapor, and other in- firmities following it, that fhe was forced to keep her bed being neither able to fit nor ftand. Her noble Aunt the Lady VifcountefTe Mountague comeing at that time to con- dole with her feeing her fo full of forrow, and fearing left then rafhly fhe might make fome vow w ch afterwards fhe might repent 1595- 198 The Life of the Countefle '595- repent and not perform as fome Ladys not long before had done with great damrriage to their fouls, and lofs of re- putation, ferioufly advif'd her not to forfwear marrying again (that was her phrafe) becaufe faid fhe, the forrow you are in at prefent will mitigate and pafs with time, and you are not fo old but you may think again of marriage. The Countejfe gave her many thanks for her grave advice, and knowing well that it proceeded out of love, promif'd fo far forth to follow it as not rafhly to bind herfelf by fuch like oath or vow. For tho' afterwards fhe made a vow of Chaftity, yet was it not done rafhly nor haftily, but after long and mature de- liberation, and with the advice and ap- probation of her fpiritual directors, who knew by fufficient experience y 1 fhe might do it without danger or prudent fear of not keeping it, in regard that during the eleven years of her Hufband's imprifonment, fhe had liv'd without any difficulty in manner of a Widdow. And within that time fhe made a firm refo- lution of Arundell and Surrey. 1 99 lution with which fhe did acquaint the '595- Earl by Letter, that if fhe fhou'd fur- vive him, (contrary to her defire) never to marry more. The which as he could not be difpleaf'd at, it proceed- ing out of love to him, fo would he not accept of it as a binding promife, but left her, as he faid, to the liberty which God and his Church in fuch cafes did permitt. And fo far fhe was either from not performing or repenting her vow and refolution that me not only kept them conftantly and inviolably all her life, almoft five and thirty years, but took moreover fo great content and joy there- in, that fhe feveral times every year would renew them according to the cuf- tome of fome religious men. And fo vertuous, modeft, and difcreet was her behaviour all that long time of her widdowhood, as alfo during her Lord's imprifonment, and ever before, that (as the Holy Scripture fayes of that noble and glorious widdow Judith) not one /poke an ill word of her : for tho' there were 200 The Life of the Counteffe 1595- were many who bore ill will towards her yet none ever cenfured her deportment, or indeed could with any colour caft the leart afperfion on her in that kind not- withftand the times were then exceed- ingly malitious. Divers Ladies of Qua- lity in the begining of King James's reign did match themfelves to Scotch men of an inferior degree, and many others fhew'd more propenfion that way, than forted with their reputation. Whereupon a certain Nobleman of that nation defirous to try his fortune in that kind, came with a numerous and fplendid retinue to vifit the Counteffe, who at the time of his comeing was not at home, and it was night before fhe return'd. She gave him fuch entertainment as in civility was due to one of his rank : but the next morning very early long before the Lord was fHrring, fhe went abroad in her coach again, and would not return home till fhe had notice of his departure : by which he faw there were fmal hopes of comeing at what he aim'd at : and from thence forward neither of Arundell and Surrey. aoi neither he nor any ever offer'd to moleft J 595- her, all knowing that fhe had made a conftant refolution to live and die a Widow. Chap. VIII. 202 The Life of the Countefle CHAPTER VIII. The Manner of her Life in the Time of her Widowhood. '595- Saint Luke makes mention in the 2 d chapter of his Gofpell of a certain holy Widow call'd Anne who never departed out of the Temple, ferving God therin day and night in prayer and fafting. The Countejfe did much defire and endeavour to imitate this holy Widow : and how well fhe did perform it I can well teftify ; for, all that time I liv'd with her which was almoft fourteen years not doubting but fhe did the fame before my comeing to live with her, as I have been a/lured by feveral perfons worthy of credit. And of Arundell and Surrey. 203 And firft, for the frequenting the Chap- pell in her own houfe (which was the only Temple fhe could go to to ferve God in her troublefome dayes) I am certain that befides the times of Holy Mafs, Evenfong and Litanies at which fhe was always prefent unlef fhe was hin- der'd by ficknefs or fome very important bufinefs, at many other times alfo both in the day and night fhe retired there and fpent much time in Prayer, Medi- tation, and other aclis of Piety. Her accuftom'd manner was, as foon as fhe awaked in the morning (about fix a clock) to fay certain devout vocal prayers which fhe knew by hart and had allotted for that time while the maids did rife and drefs : thofe being ended, and her- felf apparrell'd fhe went immediately to the Chappell, where having offer'd her- felf, and all her actions of the day to the fervice and honour of Almighty God, fhe recited fome part of our Lady's Office, and other prayers out of the Primer, Manual, and other pious bookes till Mafs began, which was commonly at eight J595- 204 The Life of the Countefle '595- eight a clock, at which fhe did ever affift with great attention and devotion ; every day ordinarily fhe did hear two Mafles, fometimes more nay all that were faid. And if any was to be faid before her ordinary time of rifing, and fhe had notice of it, fhe wou'd not fail to rife and affift thereat. Mafs being ended fhe remain'd moft commonly a good fpace in the Chappell reciting the reft of her vocal prayers appointed for the morning of that day, and a little before dinner if bufinefs did not hinder her fhe wou'd come thither again to re- coiled: herfelf. About three in the after- noon fhe ufually went to Evenfong fpending in that and other prayers to- gether with her beads, wellnigh an hour. Before fupper fhe recited her Matins and Lauds, and at nine fhe was prefent at Litanies. The reft of the time till her going to bed, which feldom was before eleven, fhe fpent for the moft part in Prayer, hearing or reading fome fpiritual book, and concluded all with a moft dili- gent examin of confcience. Upon of Arundell and Surrey. 20 < Upon thofe dayes in which fhe receiv'd the moft Bleffed Sacrament fhe fpent much more time in the Chappell partly in preparation before, partly in thankf- giving after communion, the which fhe judging requifit to be done very leifurely not only did fo her felf, but alfo defired that all others fhou'd do the fame ; in fo much that if fhe faw any of her own fer- vants or others over whom fhe had au- thority, going away foon after receiving fhe would reprehend them for it, and fometimes fending for them back again commanded them to ftay longer to give God thanks for fo great a benefit. She commonly receiv'd twice a week, and for the moft part went to Confefiion the night before, that fhe might have more time the next morning to make due pre- paration for the entertainment of fo great a Gueft, judging it not fitting to differ the fweeping of the houfe and cafting out the duft till immediately before His come- ing into it. She ufed great diligence at all times in preparing herfelf, but much more upon the principal feafts. She never 595'- 206 The Life of the CountefTe '595- never mifT'd any Sermons or Exhortations, yea even in comeing to Catechifms there was none more diligent than fhe being commonly one of the firft in the Chappell at the time appointed for them ; and when there was no Sermon or Catechifm fhe would caufe fome fpiritual book to be read till almoft dinner time. Concerning fafting tho' fhe could not imitate the holy Widow Anne in that fo much as fhe defir'd, by reafon of the in- firmities fhe was fubject to, yet in the obfervance of the fafts commanded by the Church fhe was Ariel and rigorous : for even when fhe was feventy two years of age fhe did eat no kind of whitmeats in Lent nor more than one meal upon any fafting day throughout the year. Some of her friends did often entreat her to eat flefh, and the Phifitians feveral times advif'd her to do it, judging that her infirmities did require it : But fhe knowing how indulgent many Phifitians of thofe times were in that point, would never be perfuaded thereto, till the ne- ceffity was clear and manifeft, and her ghoftly of Arundell and Surrey. 207 ghoftly Father did in a manner command J 59S- and compell her to it. But what was wanting in her imitation of the holy Widow Anne by fading, fhe fupply'd abundantly by Alms and other good deeds, as will appear by the following Chapters. Chap. IX. 208 The Life of the Countefle CHAPTER IX. Her Almes-deeds. '595- The blefled Angel S' Raphael a little before his departure from the good old Tobias and his Son, among other things gave him one document of great import- ance concerning the joining of Prayer, Fafting, and Almes together, affirming it to be better than to lay up treafures of gold. Bona eft oratio cum Jejunio, et Eleemofina magis quam thefauros auri re- condere. This document as it was well liked and approv'd by y e Countejfe fo was it no lefs carefully put in execution. For that her fafting and prayers mention'd in the precedent Chapter were ever ac- company'd of Arundell and Surrey. 209 company'd with good ftore of Almes, no day palling in which fhe did not fome of one kind or another, and no kind, I think is to be found, which fometimes fhe did not pra&ife. For befides the bellowing of meat, drink, clothes, medicines and money upon ordinary poor people which was fufficiently known to many ; fhe many others perform'd, which very few had notice of, as being privatly done ; as were the providing for orphans, the putting poor mens children to trades, the relieving of prifoners, the giving of por- tions towards the marriage of yong women whofe friends wanted either will or ability to do it. Almesdeeds of thefe and other kinds fhe did oftentimes to my knowledge, and thofe commonly in a more bountifull and liberal manner, than was, or could be expected by thofe on whom they were beftow'd. So likewife for the moft part was that w ch by her appointment was given ordi- narily. For during her abode at Shefnal in Shropjhire the two laft years of her life (of which I took more fpecial notice than p before) 1595- 1630. 2io The Life of the CountefTe "595- before) I can well teftify that befides the dayly almes which were given at the gate of the remaines of the houfehold to fuch poor as reforted thither for relief from places more diftant, and commonly was fufficient for about twenty perfons ; fhe commanded that three dayes every week, to wit, Sundays Tuefdays and Thurf- days, bread, drink, pottage and meat fhould be prepared for all fuch poor of that town and parifh, as could come for it, which many times were near a hundred. And to thofe who for old age or ficknefs could not come fhe fent monthly a cer- tain quantity of money, and to the fick both meat and money. Moreover upon certain dayes in the year which were the •birthdayes of her great grand children, Sons to the Lord Mattr avers (of whome three were born before her death) fhe ufed to fend for all the poorer fort of children in that town, to make dinner for them, and to give to every one of them an almes correfpondent to the years of that child whofe birthday it was : for the firft year to each one, one penny ; for the o/"Arundell and Surrey. 211 the fecond year two pence, and encreafing every year as the children did increafe in age. After they had dined flie caufed moft. of the leffer fort to be brought into her chamber where fhe then lay fick and with her own hands gave each of 'em a piece of cake. When fhe was in health fhe ufed to be prefent at the childrens dinner to fee that they wanted nothing, nor were by any defrauded of either meat or money. She caufed likewife a good quantity of northern woollen cloth yearly to be bought as alfo fome ftore of courfer linen, which fhe beftowed upon poor people, and often pay'd for the making of them. To divers poor widows of this king- dome whom fhe knew to be in want fhe allow'd yearly annuities for their relief; to fome 2, to others 4 pounds, others 20 nobles. And all or moft of thefe the Earl her Son doth ftill continue in remem- brance of his Bleffed Mother, (for fo he alwayes ftiles whenfoever occafion is offer'd to mention her). To fome other perfons in neceflity fhe gave in like manner yearly '595- 1630. 21-2 'The Life of the Countefle '595- 1630. yearly penfions during her life and theirs : as alfo a ftipend or falary for a School- mafter to teach poor children in a place in Cumberland. And many perfons of better quality who were afham'd to ma- nifeft their wants to others fhe often reliev'd giving five, ten, twenty, fome- times thirty pounds at once according to their prefent neceflities. Another kind of Almes befides all thefe fhe praclif'd very much, confifting in me- dicines, falves, plafters and other reme- dies to all kind of people who either wanting will, or means to go to Doctors and Chirurgeons, came to her for the cureing of their wounds and diftempers. And her charity herein was fo famous, that not only neighbors, but feveral out of other fhires, twenty, forty, and more miles diftant did refort unto her to that end, and fcarce a day pafT'd in which many did not come, fometimes more than threefcore have been counted in one day: and to every one that came befides advice and medicines if the matter did require it, fhe ufually gave fome almes in money if of Arundel] and Surrey. 213 if they were poor, as many were. Info- much that fome now and then would feign infirmities to get fome money of her. A hundred marks every year fhe affign'd for her private purfe, and the greateft part thereof was diftributed either by herfelf, or fome of her gentlewomen to fuch kind of patients or other dis- trefs'd people. She order'd divers kinds of drugs to be bought every year to make her falves, and medicines, and her felf in perfon would ever be prefent at the making of them to fee and be more fure they fhould be well done and good. Threefcore dozen of fheepfkins were fpent fome years meerly in makeing the plafters fhe gave, and about one hundred weight of one only matter, whereof fome of 'em were made for aches and other accidents. To fome of thofe poor pa- tients who came to her, befides medicines and money fhe gave alfo their diet and lodging when comeing far off, fhe thought it neceffary for their cure they fhould flay there any time : and I have known fome to whom fhe has done this charity '595- 1630. 214 The Life of the Countefle *|95- charity for more than a quarter of a year together. And others whom me could not cure of their diftempers me has fur- nifh'd with money to London, and pro- cured that there they might be receiv'd into hofpitals and cured. Others again I have known who being difmifPd from the hofpitals as incurable fhe out of companion has taken again into her own houfe, and in the end has cured 'em, God efpecially affifting and bleffing her charitable endeavours. Chap. X. o/Arundell and Surrey. 215 CHAPTER X. Her Charitable Deeds to Priests, and Religious Persons. Although the Almefdeeds of y e Countejfe hitherto mention'd were many and great, for which I doubt not but fhe has receiv'd no lefs reward in Heaven : yet in com- parifon of others done fecretly, and known only to fuch as were neceflarily to be employ'd in them, they were very fmal. Such were the relieving of Priefts and others in prifon, or otherwife in trouble, danger or neceffity for the pro- feffion of the Catholick Religion. The furthering and furnifhing of fome who had defires, but wanted means to be religious. '595- 1630. :l6 The Life of the CountefTe '595- 1630. religious. The helping of Colleges and Religious Houfes in their temporal ne- ceffities. The providing of money for things of moment which were convenient for the advancement of religion. For all thefe and the like me was not only willing, to contribute, but would do it after a liberal manner. And firft to begin with Priefts, altho' fhe had little or no acquaintance with any of the Secular Clergy ; yet at feveral times to my knowledge fhe has given good fumms of money for their relief, and would have done more had not the lefs difcretion of fome made abate fome- thing of her accuftom'd liberality towards them. But how willing and defirous fhe was to have help'd any of them in juft occafions is manifeft by what fhe did for the delivery of M r Blackwell the firft Archprieft. For he being forced for his own and the Gentlewoman's fecurity he liv'd with to hide himfelf in a fecret place of the houfe when fearch was made after by the Hereticks : and being in great danger of being taken or famiih'd by reafon o/Arundell and Surrey. 217 reafon that all the Catholicks of the houfe were carry'd away to prifon, and heretick watchmen put into the houfe to keep it and hinder any from helping him. She haveing notice of his diftrefs dealt fo with the officer who had the principal charge of that bufinefs that after three dayes he was content two of her fervants mould come to that houfe at the time when the guard was chang'd, take M r Blackwell out of the hideing- place, and convey him away, as they fpeedily did, bringing him betwixt them, he not being able to go alone, to their Lady's houfe, where, after fome dayes for refreshing he had ftay'd, fhe fent him fafe to the place he defir'd to go. She was fo well pleaf'd with the officer who permitted his efcape, that befides a good fumme of money given at that time, fhe fent him every year as long as he liv'd a venifon pafty to make merry with his friends, at Chriftmas. She was fo charitable to Religious Perfons, that befides what fhe gave to particulars fhe met with by accident, there '595- 1630. 2 1 8 The Life of the Countefle '595- there was no Order in England of which 163°- . - fhe had notice, but at one time or other receiv'd fome connderable almes from her ; nor fcarce any College or Religious Houfe of our nation in Flanders that did not receive the like favour ; and fome of them oftentimes as their neceffities did require, twenty, forty, threefcore pounds at once. And not only to thofe in Flanders , and of our own nation, but to others alfo in more remote countries as Italy and Spain, and other nations be- fides. But to none, nor to all the reft together was fhe fo beneficial and boun- tifull as to thofe of the Society of Jefus. For, befldes her keeping ever fome one of them in her houfe for the fpace of more than forty years, and the relieving in fundry occafions divers other par- ticular perfons of them, me gave every year a very large almes to their com- munity here in England, and continued it to her dying day. And to the end they might not want that, or a better means of fupport after her deceafe, fhe fent at feveral times 2500 pounds beyond feas, o/" Arundell and Surrey. 2i< feas, therto be put in bank, and increafed till her death, and then the profit thereof to be employ'd for their ufe and main- tenance here. And notwithftanding all that money came after few years by cafualiry to be loft, yet was fhe not dis- couraged, thereat, but afterwards buying a houfe in the City of Gant in Flanders, where thofe of them who had ended their ftudies might make their third probation, and better prepare themfelves to labour in God's vineyard according to their Inftitute ; fhe furnifh'd it with all things necefTary for their ufe, maintain'd it during her life, and left competent means for the perpetuall maintenance thereof, with order that whenever it fhall pleafe God to convert England again to the Catholick Faith, that houfe fhould be tranfported and placed in the City of Carlile where ; to the end that not only thofe of that city and her tenants there- abouts, but all the whole cuntry adjoin- ing might receive fpiritual afliftance by the preaching, teaching, and other pious labours and endeavours of thofe Religious Perfons 1595- 1630. 220 The Life of the Countefle '595- Perfons whom fhe intended mould be 1630. maintain'd therein. Not only to thofe of the Society of our nation was fhe fo beneficial, as has been faid, but to others alfo of the fame So- ciety of other nations ; as unto Father Mutio Vitellefco then General of the Order, fhe fent for the ufe of the Cafa Profejfa in Rome a great quantity of Church ornaments of her own makeing and contriving efleem'd there of the value of many thoufand crowns, and much admir'd by many Cardinals and other perfons of great dignity who faw 'em, for their rich, rare, and curioufe workmanfhip, the like whereof could fcarce be feen in all that Chief City of the world. Several other pieces of great value fhe fent both to that and others of their houfes ; and for many years to- gether before her death fhe was employ'd in makeing very rich ornaments for their ufe in fome place or other. And at her death fhe was about one more than or- dinary which fhe left with a friend of hers to be finifh'd and fent to the houfe erected