CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DATE DUE •>=iaji^ , „. ^bv \ J ' ?0 '[fm " t '' 0r -«--^^ '^ ^ ^ ^yp^ ?-"f^^#%- ;_- -^' 'APP i/^fj 1 .9 \^ 1 CAVLORO PRINTED IN U S.A. Cornell University Library E355.2 .C21 Documents relating to the Invasion of Ca olln 3 1924 032 759 742 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032759742 . fvi.pl FF 2S""^- qj Publications of the Canadian Archives — No, 7. DOCUMENTS RELATINS TO THE INVASION OF CANADA SURRENDEE OF DETROIT 1812 • SELECTED AND EDITED BT E. A. CRUIKSHANK, Lient.-Colonel. Published hy authority of the Honourable the Secretary of State, under the direction of the Archivist. OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1913 Pvhlications of the Canadian "Archives — No. 7. DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE INVASION OF CANADA AND THK SUREENDER OF DETROIT 1812 SBLEOTED AND EDITED BY E. A. CBUIKSHANK. tieut.-Colonel. Published ly authority of the Honourable the Secretary of State, under the direction of the Archivist. OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1912 17Sn4-A 354' A^-^^n 1,1 ll'l ilD-i TABLE OF CONTENTS T, „ Page. Preface vn Governor Hull to the Secretary of War, 15 June, 1811 1 John Armstrong to the Secretary of War, 2 Jauilary, 1812 3 Colonel M. Elliott to Major-General Brock, 11 January, 1812 i Colonel M. Elliott to Major-General Brock, 12 January, 1812 6 Captain A. Gray to Sir George Prevost, 13 January, 1812 8 Memoranda on the defensive strength and equipment of the North West Company, 13 January, 1812 11 Memoranda of General Brock on plans for the defence of Canada 12 Captain A. Gray to Sir George Prevost, 29 January, 1812 14 Memorandum on loyalty of inhabitants of theMichilimackinac oountry 15 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 6 February, 1812 16 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 25 February, 1812 16 Captain J. B. Glegg to Mr. Kobert Dickson, 27 February, 1812 17 General Bull to the Secretary of War, 6 March, 1812 19 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 3 May, 1812 23 Lieut.-Colonel T. B. St. George to General Brock, 7 May, 1812 23 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 15 May, 1812 24 Sir George Prevost to the Earl of Liverpool, 18 May, 1812.. ,.. 26 General Brock to the Earl of Liverpool, with 3 enclosures, 25 May, 1812 27 Adjutant-General A. Y. NicoU to Captain Nathan Heald, 19 June, 1812 30 Extracts (3) from the "National Intelligencer" of Washington, June and July, 1812 30 Robert Dickson to Captain Glegg, 18 June, 1812 ." 31 Colonel Wm. Glaus to General Brock, 16 June, 1812 32 Indian Speech in reply to message of Colonel Elliott, S.I.A., 8 June. . 33 The Secretary of War to General H.ull, 18 June, 1812 35 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 24 June, 1812 36 The Secretary of War to General Hull, 24 June, 1812 37 Colonel E. Baynes to Captain C. Roberts, 25 June, 1812...' 37 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 26 June, 1812 38 Extract from Return of Brigade commanded by General Hull, 27 June 39 The Secretary of War to Major-General Dearborn, 26 June, 1812 40 General Hull to Colonel St. George, 6 July, 1812 40 Colonel St. George to General Hull, 6 July, 1812 41 Governor Ha.rrison, of Indiana, to the Secretary of War, 7 July, 1812. 42 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 7 July, 1812 *.. 43 Colonel St. George to General Brook, 8 July, 1812 44 Captain M. C. Dixon to Lt.-Oolonel R. H. Bruyeres, R.E., 8 July, 1812. 48 The Secretary of War to Governor Harrison, 9 July, 1812 49 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 9 July, 1812 50 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 10 July, 1812 50 Colonel St. George to General Brock, 10 July, 1812 51 Captain Roberts to Robert Dickson, 10 July, 1812 52 General Hull to Governor Meigs, «f Ohio, 11 July, 1812 52 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 19 July, 1812 .,. 53 iv CANADIAN AEOHIVES Page. Captain Koberts to General Brock, 12 July, 1812 53 Captain N. Heald to Lieut. Sorter Hanks, 12 July, 1812 54 Captain N. Heald to Lieut. Porter Hanks, 13 July, 1812 55 Kobert Dickson to General Brock, 13 July, 1812 56 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 13 July. 1812 57 Proclamation of General Hull to the inhabitants of Canada, 13 July, 1812 58 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 15 July, 1812 60 Colonel St. George to General Brock, 15 July, 1812 61 Colonel M. Elliott to Colonel Wm. Claus, 15 July, 1812 62 Articles of Capitulation of Michilimackinao, 17 July, 1812 63 ^Supplement to Articles of Capitulation of Michilimackinao, 17 July, 1812 64 Captain Roberts to Colonel Baynes, 17 July, 1812 65 Captain Eoberts to General Brock, 17 July, 1812 66 John Askin, jr., to Colonel Claus, 18 July, 1812 67 Lieut. Porter Hanks to General Hull, 4 August, 1812 67 General Hull to Colonel St. George, 16 July, 1812 ; 69 Colonel St. George to General Hull, 16 July, 1812 70 Lieut.-Colonel Cass to General Hull, 17 July, 1812 71 General Hull to the Six Nations Indians, 18 July, 1812 72 Mr. Mackenzie, Ft. William, to D. Mackintosh, Sandwich, 19 July, 1812 72 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 20 July, 1812 73 Extracts (5) from American newspapers, August, 1812 75 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 21 July, 1812 78 Ca.ptain Wm. Wells to Governor Harrison. 22 July, 1812 78 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 22 July, 1812... •. 80 Proclamation of General Brock to the inhabitants of Canada, 22 July 81 Militia. General Orders, Ft. George, 22 July, 1812 84 Captain Daniel Springer to General Brock, 23 July, 1812 85 Deposition of Anna Bicroft, 23 July, 1812 87 Deposition of Wm. Hamilton Merritt, 23 July, 1812 87 Arch. McMillan to Andrew Westbrook, 28 August, 1812 88 Deposition of Charles Nichols, 29 August, 1812 89 ■Colonel Procter to General Brock, 26 July, 1812 89 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 26 July, 1812 90 Colonel Thos. Talbot to General Brook, 27 July, 1812 93 Lieut.-Colonel Bostwick to Major P. L. Chambers, 27 July, 1812 94 Hon. James Baby to Captain Glegg, 27 July, 1812 95 Sir George Prevost to General Brock, 27 July, 1812 97 Colonel Talbot to Colonel Jos. Ryerson, 28 July, 1812 98 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 28 July, 1812 99 Captain Roberts to Major Glegg, 29 July, 1812 100 General Hull to Governor Scott, of Kentucky, 29 July, 1812 103 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 29 July, 1812 103 Garrison Order, York, 29 July, 1812 104 Extracts (3) from the "Federal Republican", Georgetown, D.C., August-Seiptember, 1812 105 General Brock to Colonel Baynes, 29 July, 1812 106 Colonel Procter to General Brock, 30 July, 1812 JOS Sir George Prevost to the Earl of Liverpool, 30 July, 1812 109 STTEEENDBE OF DETEOIT V Page. Sir George Prevost to the Earl of Liverpool, 90 July,1812 110 District General Orders, Ft. George, 31 July, 1812 112 Sir George Prevost to General Brock, 31 July, 1812 113 Major Chamber to Lieut.-Colonel C. Myers,' 31 July, 1812 114 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 4, August, 1812 115 General Orders, Detroit, i August, 1812 117 Lieut.-Colonel J. Anderson to General Hull, 4 August, 1812 117 General Brock to Colonel Baynes, i August, 1812 118 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 4 August, 1812 120 Captain Glegg to Colonel Baynes, 5 August, 1812 122 Governor Harrison to the Secretary of War, 6 August, 1812 123 General Orders, Quebec, 6 August, 1812 123 Wm. Stanton to Lieut.-Colonel J. Macdonell, A.D.C., 7 August, 1812.. 124 General Orders, Sandwich, 7 August, 1812 125 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 7 August, 1812 125 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 8 August, 1812 126 Major-General Dearborn, Greeubush, N.Y., to the Secretary of War, 9 August, 1812 127 Major-General Dearborn, Greeubush, N.Y., to General Hull, 9 .4ugust 129 Colonel Macdonell to Duncan Cameron, 10 August, 1812 130 Governor Harrisson to the Secretary of War, 10 August, 1812 131 Colonel Procter to General Brock, 11 August, 1812 135 District General Orders, Lake Erie, 11 August, 1812 137 Lieut.-Colonel Oass to Governor Meigs, 12 August, 1812 137 District General Orders, Point aux Pins, 12 August, 1812 138 General Mull to the Secretary of War, 13 August, 1812 139 District General Orders, Amherstburg, 14 August, 1812 141 Sir Greorge Prevost to the Earl of Liverpool, 14 August, 1812 143 General Brock to General Hull, 15 August, 1812 144 General Hull to General Brock, 15 August, 1812 144 District General Orders, Amherstburg, 15 August, 1812 145 Articles of Capitulation of Detroit, 16 August, 1812 146 Prize Pay List, Surrender of Detroit 147 General Order, Detroit, 16 August, 1812 148 Captain Roberts to (unaddressed), 16 August, 1812 150 Return of Prisoners of War, Detroit, 16 August, 1812 153 Return of Ordnance & Ordnance Stores, Detroit, 16 August, 1812 154 Proclamation of General Brock following the surrender of Detroit, 16 August, 1812 155 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 16 August, 1812 156 General Brock to Sir George Prevost, 17 August, 1812 156 Sir George Prevost to Earl Bathurst, 17 August, 1812 160 Governor Harrison to the Secretary of War, 18 August, 1812 164 Colonel Procter to Chief Justice Woodward, 20 August, 1812 165 Chief Justice Woodward to Colonel Procter, 20 August, 1812 166 John Hays to Governor Edwards, of Illinois Territory, 20 August, 1812 170 Captain Wm. Elliott to Colonel Procter, 22 August, 1812 172 Lieut. Edward Dewar, D.A.QjM.G., to Colonel Procter, 23 Augus';, 1812 173 Colonel Procter to Major-General Brock, 24 August, 1812 174 vi STJRBENDEB OF DETROIT Page. Major Chambers to Colonel Procter. 24 August, 1812 175 Return of Arms & Stores found at the Biver Baisin, 20 August, 1812.. 176 Beturn of Provisions, found at the Miami Bapids, 21 August, 1812.... 177 Sir George Prevost to the Earl of Bathurst, 24 August, 1812 177 Colonel Procter to Gteneral Brook, 26 August, 1812 180 Sir George Prevost to the Earl of Bathurst, 26 August, 1812 1«1 General Hull to the Secretary of War, 26 August, 1812 '.. 184 General Brock to th« Earl of Liverpool (iwitih 5 enclosures). 29 Augu.t, 1812 190 Colonel Procter to General Brock, 29 August, 1812 201 Governor Harrison to the Secretary of War, 28 August, 1812 202 Governor Harrison to the Secretary of War, 29 August, 1812 204 Colonel Myers to General Brock, 30 August, 1812 205 Major-General E. H. Sheafie to Captain Roberts, 1 Seiptember, 1812 207 Major-General E. H. Sheaffe to Colonel Procter, 1 Seiptember, 1812 208 J. Willcooks to Colonel J. Macdonell, 1 September, 1812 209 General Hull to Sir George Prevost, 8 September, 1812 212 A. W. Cochran, Quebec, to his mother, 13 September, 1812....' 213 Observations of Toussaint Pothier on Michilimaokinac, 8 Sept., 1812.. 214 Colonel Cass to the Secretary of War, 10 September.^ 1812 218 A. W. Cochran to his father, 10 October, 1812 '. 223 The Duke of York to Sir George Prevost, 7 October, 1812 224 Captain Heald to the Secretary of War, 23 October, 1812 225 Captain Glegg to Colonel Baynes, 11 November, 1812 227 Statement of Robert Dickson re expense for assistance of Indians, 3 December, 1812 ; 230 Return of Prizes mad© by British vessels on Lake Erie 232 Memorial of Lieutenant Joseph Lambeth, 2 June, 1814 233 Memorial of John Askin, storekeeper, St. Joseph's, 15 October, 1816.. 233 Memorial of Pawquakoman, Ottawa chief, 6 November, 1826 234 Journal (extract) of Charles Askin, July-August, 1812 235 PEEFACE. The invasion of Upper Canada by a small American army commanded by Brigadier General William Hull and the sur- render of this force at Detroit is one of the most interesting and instructive episodes of the War of 1812. This initial disaster to the arms of the United States unquestionably exerted a material influence on all subsequent operations on that part, of the Canadian frontier. The letters and documents now for- the first time brought together have been transcribed from a variety of sources, but chiefly from the military correspondence preserved in thei Dominion Archives. A considerable number of them have never been printed before. The original text has been care- fully followed, wherever possible. No available document of historical significance has been omitted, and it is believed that every phase of the campaign is adequately covered. E. A. Ceuikshank. Calgary, 2nd October, 1911. Vll GOVERNOR WILLIAM HULL' TO THE HON. Wm. EUSTIS, SECRE- TARY OF WAR.' (EXTRACT.) (Memoirs of the Campaign of the North Western Army, ty General Hull; Boston, 182^; p. 19.) Detroit, 15th June, 1811. From the present state of our foreign relations, particularly with England, I am induced to believe, there is little prospect of a continuance of peace. In the event of war with England, this part of the United States, (meaning the Michigan Terri- tory) will be peculiarly situated. The British land forces at Amherstburg and St. Joseph's, are about equal to those of the United States, at this place and Michilimackinack. The population of Upper Canada is more than twenty to one as compared to this territory. That province contains about one hundred thousand inhabitants, while our population does not amount to five thousand. A wilderness of near two hundred miles separates this settlement from any of the states. Besides, the Indiana Territory and states of Ohio and Kentucky are thinly inhabited, have extensive frontiers, and their force will 1 William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut, June 24, 1753. He graduated with honours from Yale at the age of nineteen, studied law and was admitted to practice. He allied himself with the revolu- tionary party and obtained a commission from Congress in their military force, rising eventually to the rank of colonel. He commanded the rearguard in the retreat from Fort Edward, and distinguished himself by gaJlaut conduct in the actions of Bemis's Heights and Stillwater. In January, 1781, he conducted a detachment which surprised De Lancey's corps of loyalists at Morrisauia for which he received the thanks of Con- gress. He was held in high esteem by Washington as a brave and capable officer, and in 1784 was sent by him to Quebec to request the evacuation of the western posts. After the conclusion of peace he held a judicial office in Massachusetts; and served for eight years as a senator in the legislature of that state. In 1793 he was selected bv President Washington as a special commissioner to proceed to Upper Canada and request the oesietamce of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe in negotiating terms of peace with the western Indians. In 1S05 he was appointed first governor of the territory of Michigan, and was commissioned a brigadier-general in the army of the United States April 8, 1812. He died at Newton, Massachusetts, in November, 1825. 2 William Eustis, born at Cambridge, Mass., June 10, 1753. He grad- uated at Harvard College in 1772, and became a physician and surgeon, serving as such in the Continentai army through the revolution. He sat in Congress as a representative from' Massachusetts from 1801 until 1805. In 1809 he was appointed Secretary of War by President Madison. He resigned this office in the autumn of 1812, and was appointed minister to Holland in 1814. In 1820 he was again elected to Congress and served until 1823, when he was elected governor of Massachusetts. He died in 1825 while still holding the latter office. 17804—1 2 CANADIAN ARCHIVES be necessary for their own defence. With respect to the Indians, their situation and habits are such, that little dependence can be placed on them. At present they appear friendly, and was I to calculate on the professions of their chiefs, I should be satisfied that they would not become hostile. Their first pas- sion, however, is war. The policy of the British government is to consider them as allies, and in the event of war, to invite them to join their standard. The policy of the American gov- ei-nment has been to advise them, in the event of war, to remain quiet at their villages, and take no part in quarrels, in which they have no interest. Many of their old Sachems and Chiefs would advise this line of conduct. Their authority, however, over the .warriors would not restrain them. They would not listen to their advice. An Indian is hardly considered as a man, until he has been engaged in war, and can show trophies- This first, and most ardent of their passions, will be excited by presents, most gratifying to their pride and vanity. Unless strong measures are taken to prevent it, we may consider beyond all doubt, they will be influenced to follow the advice of their British Father. This then appears to be the plain state of the case ; the British have a regular force, equal to ours. The pro- vince of Upper Canada has on its rolls, a militia of twenty to one against us. In addition to this, there can be little doubt, but a large proportion of the savages will join them ; What then will be the situation of this part of the country? Separated from the states by an extensive wilderness, which will be filled with savages, to prevent any succour, our water communica- tions entirely obstructed by the British armed vessels on Lake Erie, we shall have no other resource for defence, but the small garrisons, and feeble population of the territory. Under these circumstances, it is easy to foresee what will be the fate of this country. It is a principle in nature, that the lesser force must give w ay to the greater. Since my "acquaintance with the situation of this country, I have been of the opinion that the government did not sufficiently estimate its value and importance. After the revolution, and after it was ceded to us by treaty, the blood and treasure of our country, were expended in a savage war to obtain it- The post at this place, is the key of the northern country. By holding it the Indians are kept in check, and peace has been preserved with them to the present time. If we were once deprived of it, the northern Indians would have no where to look, but to the British government in Upper Canada. SUEEENDEE OF DETKOIT 3 They would then be entirely influenced by their councils. It would be easy for them, aided by the councils of the British agents, to commit depredations on the scattered frontier settle- ments of Ohio, Kentuc\ky, Indiana, &c. They would be col- lected from the most distant parts of their villages, where the British factors have an intercourse with them, and would become numerous. Under these circumstances, if there is a prospect of war with England, what measures are most expe- dient ? In my mind, there can be no doubt. Prepare a naval force on, Lake Erie superiour to the British, and sufficient to , preserve your communication. J'OHN ARMSTRONG i TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Notices of the War of 1812, hy John Armstrong; New York, 18^0; Vol. I, p. 237.) Red Hooh, Janv^ary 2d. 1812. Dear Eustis — For western defence employ western men, accustomed to the rifle and the forest, and not imacquainted with the usages and stratagems of Indian warfare. To their customary arms add a pistol and a sabre; and to ensure celerity of movement, mount them on horseback. Give them a competent leader and a good position, within striking distance of Indian villages or British settlements. Why not at Detroit, where you have a strong fortress and a detachment of artillerists? Recollect, however, that this position, far from being good, would be positively bad unless your naval means have an ascendancy on Lake Erie ; because BufFak, Erie, Cleaveland, and the two San- duskys must be its base or source of supply. The maximum of this corps may be six battalions. 'John Armstrong (1758-1833), born in Pennsylvania; served in the revolution on the staff of Cteneorals Mercer and Gates, aoting as adjutant- general to the latter officer; wrote the Newburg Addresses; became Secre- tary of State for Pennsylvania; married a sister of Chancellor Livingston of New York, and removed to that state; United States senator, 1800-04; minister to France, 1804-11; brigadier-general in the United States army. 1812; Secretary of War, 1813; resigned in September, 1814; author of • Notices of the War of 1812,' '2 vols., 1840. 17804— li 4 CAXADIAN AEOHIVES COLONEL MATTHEW ELLIOTT i TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK." (Canadian Archives, C 728, p. 61.) ^ Amherstburg 11* January 1812. Sir, Tte day before yesterday I was honored by your letter of the 24* ulto. and now proceed to answer some points on which you want information, deferring the other parts until I have procured further information, and procured a Plan of Detroit, which I expect to do before I set off for York, which will be in the course of a few days. From a Gentleman of veracity and a keen observer, who was at Detroit last October, and saw the Fort and Guns I am informed, that they have Twenty 24 Pounders, many of which were mounted — besides four Twelves — one 10 Inch — Two 8 1 Matthew Elliott wae torn in Maryland in 1739; and became a trader among tbe Indians of Ohio at an early age. When the revolutionary agitation began he was a resident of Fort Pitt (Fittsbnrg), and fled to Detroit, abandoning considerable property. He was appointed an inter- preter in the Indian Department by Lieut.-QoTernor Hamilton, and sub- sequently promoted to the rank of captain. In 1780 he accompanied Captain Henry Bird of the 8th Regiment in his raid into Kentucky; and afterwards commanded the western Indians in the actions at the Blue Licks and Sandusky, in which the frontiersmen of Kentucky and Pennsyl- vania were defeated with severe loss ; was thanked in despatches , for his services. He was appointed assistant agent for the western Indians in 1790, and promoted -to be deputy superjiQ+endent in 1795. He was Bum- marily dismi-ssed from the latter office in 1798 in consequence of a quarrel with Captain Hector Maclean of the Royal Canadian Volunteers, the com- mandant at Amherstburg, but was reinstated in 1808 (when war seemed imminent with the United States) at the urgent recommendation of Lieut.- Governor Gore, who stated in his letter on the subject to Sir James Craig, that "throughout this country (Upper Canada) it is the general sentiment that he i-3 the only man capable of calling forth the energies of the Indians." He commanded the 1st Regiment of Essex militia from the time of its organization until his death, with the rank of colonel ; and represented that county in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1801 until 1812. He wae awarded a gold medal for his services at Detroit; and was present at the actions at Frenchtown, Miami, Sandusky, Moraviantown and Buffalo. He died on service at Burlington Heights May 7. 1814, literally worn out by his exertions. 2 Isaac Brock was born in the island of Guernsey on October 6, 1769, being the eighth son of John Brock. He was commissioned as ensign in the 8th (King's) Regiment of Foot, March 2, 1785, and was promoted to be lieutenant and captain in 1790. He exchanged into the 49th June 15, 1791, and was promoted to be major June 26, 1793, and lieut enant-colonel October 27, 1797. He was wounded in the action at, Egmont-op-Zee in Holland in 1799; and served in the expedition against Copenhagen in 1801. He was promoted to be colonel in 1805 and succeeded to the command of the troops in Canada in 180S on the departure or Major-General Bowes, being promoted to the rank of major-general June 4, 1811. He was appointed president of the Executive Council and administrator of the civil government of Upper Canada, September 30, 1811. He was awarded a gold medal for his services at Detroit; and on October 10, 1812, was appointed an Extra Knight of the Order of the Bath. He was killed in the action at Queenston, October 13, 1812. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 5 Inch Howitzers — Four 4^ Inch Royals — Six Mortars of dif- ferent Calibers, and two Travelling Forges for heating Shot: and for the Militia, Four Field 6 Pounders, with field equipage complete. Another very intelligent Gentleman, has given me the fol- lowing list of Vessels and their Tonnages- Brig. Adams — 14 Guns— about the size of the Old Camden, en the Stocks 4 miles up the River Rouge, repairing — Schooner Amelia — 70 Tons — at Prisque Isle or Black Rock- do. Selina 80. " at Detroit "Wlarfe do — Nancy — 90 " Black Rock or Prisque Isle- Sloop — Contractor — 60 Tons — Black Rock or Prisque Isle. With iive or six small craft, names unknown — British Merchant Vessels. Nancy, about 100 Tons. — Owners, K W. Company, laying at Mackintosh's wharf opposite Detroit — Caledonia — 70- " — do — do — . Eleanor — 50 " — do^R'*. Pattinson Thames — 80 — " In bad repair. Owners Tunes and McGregor The two last at Sandwich Wharfe — ■ The Dover, about 20 Tons — in the River Thames I can add nothing more to my opinion respecting the attack upon Detroit, to what I submitted to Colonel Claus^ in my letter in your possession — That Fort once taken, we would have nothing to dread, and we could open communication with the Indians. I find, by authority I cannot doubt, that Detroit is gar- risoned by 50 Infantry and the same number of Artillery — 1 William Glaus, born at Williamsburg, New York, September 7, 1765 ; he was a sou of Colonel Daniel Glaus and a grandson of Sir William Johnson. Towards the end of the revolutionary contest ihe was appointed a lient- «nant in the British Indian Department. He was ■ commissioned a lieutenant in the 60th Regiment (Royal Americans) October 31, 1787, and was promoted to be captain February 5, 1795. On the death of Colonel John Butler in 1796, he succeeded him as superintendent of the Six Nations, and on the death of Alexander McKee was appointed senior deputy superintendent-general of the Indian Department in Canada. He was appointed colonel of the 1st Regiment of Lincoln militia in 1812; and a member of the Executive Council for Upper Canada in 1818. He died at Niagara, November 11, 1826. CANADIAN ARCHIVES The three essentials you call my attention to, I beg leave to assure Your Honor, have guided my conduct since I have had the Superintendence of the Post. As I shall be at York in the course of a short time, permit me to defer saying more at present on the different subjects which your letter embraces. COLONEL MATTHEW ELLIOTT TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C 728, p. 62.) Copy. ' Amherstburg 12"' January 1812 Sir I have the honor to inform you, that just as I had finished writing you yesterday, a Kikapoo Chief who was in the action^ on the Wabache arrived here, and reports that without having sent any previous message, Governor Harrison^ advanced from his Fort against the Indians with intention of surrounding the Village on all sides, that none might escape if they proved refractory. — He completely surrounded it on the Land side, and at- tempted it by the Eiver, but the Indians boldly order, him to desist, or it would not go well with him — ^He then asked where he could Camp, and was told, " wherever he pleased except around their Village — " All this time the Officers and Cavalry had their swords ready drawn and the Infantry were drawn up ready to iire upon them. He however retreated about a Quarter of a mile over a little rising ground and Camped by, a small Rivulet; but be- fore he retreated the Indian^ took a N'egro and threatened to put him tu ilcalh if heiHd not inform them of the Governors inten- tion. The Nenjro told them tlint he intended to deceive them, and 1 This was the action of Tippecance, fought on the morning of Nov- ember 7 1811. 2 WiiLam Henry Harrison was born in Virginia, February 9, 1773. He served as aide-de-camp to General Wayne during hie campaign against the Indians in 1794. On the organization of the Northwestern Territory he was apvointed Secretary; and in 1799 was elected the first delegate in Congress to represent it. When the territory of Indiana was created he was appointed governor. In 1812 he was appointed major-general of the Kentucky militia, and subsequently a brigadier-general in the army of the United States. He retired in 1814. He afterwards sat in the Ohio Legislature, and as a representative in Congress from that state. In 1824 he was elected a member of the Senate of the United States; and in 1828 was appointed minister to Columbia, but was recalled by President Jackson. In 1640 he was elected president of the United States by the Whig party, and died in office April 4, 1841. SUBKENDEK OF DETKOIT 7 they let him go. And the Governor after he had encamped, sent the same Negro back to them to desire them to sleep sound and be at ease, and not approach his Sentinals lest they should be shot, and that he would not allow any of his people to go near them The Indians however had their Piquets to prevent surprize, and often, during the night ordered the American Spies to retire from their Posts, without doing them any injury — Two young Winibiegoes, no doubt out of curiosity (for it appears the Indians had no intention to attack but to defend themselves if attacked) went near some of the American Sentinals and M'cre shot at, and fell as wounded men, but on the Sentinals coming up to dispatch them they arose and Tomahawked them. This insult roused the indignation of the Indians and they determined to be revenged and accordingly commenced the at- tack at Cock Crowing — They had the Americans between two fires, driven by the Winibiegoes, they were received by the Kikapoos, alternately, until about 9 o Clock, when the Indians gave way for want of Arrows and Ammunition. It appears, that not above one hundred Indians fired a shot, the greater iiumber being engaged in plundering and conveying off horses. The women and children saved themselves by crossing the river during the engagement. The Americans burned the Prophets^ Village and all the Corn of the Shawanees, but the Kikapoos saved theirs by having had it previously buried. — Twenty five Indians only are killed ; the Kikapoo does not know the number of Americans killed, but he says their loss must have been considerable, not less than one hundred. The Prophet and his people do not appear as a vanquished enemy; they re-occupy their former ground ^ Elkswatawa, the Propliet, was tlie younger brother of Tecumseh, being the son of a S'nawanese warrior and a Creek mother. In 1805 he had a vision and assumed the name of Pemsquatawtuh or "the open door." Thenceforth he became a preacher of a doctrine of righteousness and abstinence, entreating the Indians to refrain from drunkenness, lying, stealing, and witchcraft, and endeavouTed to form a great confederacy among them to oppose the encroachments of the white nien on their territory. In September, 1813, he accompanied General Procter in his retreat from Amherstburg, and remained during the following winter at Burlington Heights. "The Prophet has been chosen the principal Chief of all the Western Nations. His having been presented with the Sword & piatols fsrom Hie Royal Highness, the Prinoe Regent, gave (very general satisfaction." — Lieut. -General Drummond to Sir George Prevost, April 19, 1814; Canadian Archives, C. 257, p. 233. 8 CANADIAN AECHIVES From this man's report, thu Chiefs of these Tribes have determined to come here only in the Spring to make a demand ■ of ammunition and Arms. The Prophets brother/ who went to the Southward in Winter 1810-11 is reported by this man to be on his return and has reached the farthest Kikapoo Town, and is there in Council with the different ISTations — ^He passed Vincennes on his way home, and met the Army of Governor Harrison re- treating, but no insult was offered to him or his few friends who accompanied him. — When the Messenger I sent, returns, I no doubt will receive further intelligence respecting tho views of the Indians and will lose no time in transmitting it to you — or perhaps be the bearer of it myself The following is an account of the numbers of the Different [Jfations killed in the action viz* Kikapoos 9 Winibiegoes 6 Potewatemies 4 Ottawas 3 Creeks 2 Shawanese 1 - 25. From the manner in which the Kikapoo relates his story I sincerely believe his account to be correct- P S — The Indian Forces consisted of from 250 to 300 and not more than 100 were ever engaged. CAPTAIN A. GRAY 2 TO SIR GEORGE PREVOST.' (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 79.) Montreal IS"" January 1812 Dear Sir, The next object I turned my attention to was the N. West Company. I have had several discussions with the heads of 1 Tecumseh, see note on p. 33. 2 Captain Andrew Gray, acting deputy qnartermaster-general from January 3 to October 30, 1812, was appointed assistant quartermaster-gen- eral, June 29, 1812. He was appointed lieutenant February 25, 1808 ; pro- moted captain in Nova Scotia Fencibles, August 1, 1811. He was killed in action while reconnoitering the enemy's works at Sackett's Harbour, May STJBEENDEE OF DBTEOIT 9 the Companies, for it appears there are two, One called the N. West, and another denominated the S. West, or the Michili- mackinack Company — The result is in substance as follows — That the Heads of the Companies are exceedingly grateful to your Excellency for taking an interest in the protection of their Trade, that they will enter with zeal into any measure of Defence, or even offence, that may be proposed to them. To render this Statement clear I must refer your Excellency to Smith's Map of Upper Canada. In the event of War the Route by Detroit and the Eiver Sinclair must be abandoned, and that by York adopted. Erom York they will proceed by Lake Simcoe to Gloucester Bay, in Lake Huron, and along the North Shore of the Lake to the Straits, or falls of S* Mary's, and from thence into Lake Superior. The only part of this Route that they feel any apprehension of being interrupted, or cut off by the Enemy, is upon Lake Huron. An armament may be fitted out at Detroit to intercept them in their return from the N. West (when their Cargoes are more valuable) It is therefore upon this line of Communication they will probably require our support. Lt would appear from the information I have received that we might be enabled to afford them the requisite support from York, as the communication from York to Lake Huron is much shorter than that from Detroit to the track proposed by the N- West. This is a point upon which I cannot; speak with any degree of certainty at present, I merely submit such- ideas as have arisen out of the conversations I have had with the Gent" concerned in this Trade. On Lake Superior they feel every way superior to the Americans, havina; the eom- pleat command of the Lake, and the country on its banks — On tracing the commun(ication) from thence downwards their first apprehensions are at the Straits of S'. Mary's. At this point the Enemy might cut them off, if some means are not taken to prevent it. Those means could be (according to their ideas) to remove the Garrison and Post of S'. Joseph's up to the falls of S'. Mary, where a very eligible position may be taken up, either upon one of the Islands in the Strait, or upon 29. 1813. " In him the army lost a brave and intelligent officer.''— General Order, May 31. 1813. * Sir George Prevost (1767-1816), born in New York, was the eldest son of Major-General Augustin Prevost of the British army, who was a native of Geneva. He was appointed military governor of St. Lucia in 1798; civil governor in 1801 ; governor of Dominica in 1802 ; created a baronet December 6, 1805, in recognition of his services in repelling an invasion of that island by the French; lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia in 1808; govemor-in-chief and commander of the forces in British North America, October 21. 1811. 10 CANADIAN ABCHIVES the British side. That the Post of S'. Joseph's affords no pro- tection whatever to their Trade, as it is upon a large Island, which has no command over the channels to the Eight and left of it. That this change of Position of the Ganrison, would enable them to concentrate their force upon Lake Superior at S'. Mary, and combine their operations with our Troops. If the Enemy established himaelf upon any point in Lake Huron, they would Arm one of their Vessels (one of 60 Tons) and run her down the falls, and carry with them every man they could muster amounting to about 300 Voyageurs and as many Indians. This force they imagine combined with the disposable part of the Post Eegulars, acting in concert with the force that it might be possible to furnish them from York, would enable til em to dislodge the enemy from any Position -he may take up uponJ the Lake, and in sihort, exclude him entirely from any participation in the Navigation or Commerce of Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan — To compleat this object effectually they have suggested the propriety, and practicability, of reducing Michilimackinack (an American Post at the entrance of Michigan.) This Post they describe as veiy weak, being commanded within Pistol shot, &c. It is to be observed that the Theatre of action of the S. West Company is the country on the Banks of Lake Michi- gan^ and that of the N. West all the rest of the Wilderness, the Hudson Bay Company's settlm' excepted, — There is an object that would tend materially to forward this branch of our Mili- tary System; that i^ forming the two Companies into two Volunteer Corps^ by giving the Heads, and Confidential Clerks &c. Commissions, according to an order of Bank that they might settle among themselves. That is making the first person of each Comp' L' Col. Comm- and keeping a regular gradation downwards according to their influence and standing in the Comp''.^ They .express every wish to be useful in the common cause, and I am persuaded require only to be directed how to proceed, to become a formidable Body, which I will have the honor of explaining more fully when I return — One great advantage that would result from Commissioning the Officers of these Companies, would be the protection it would ensure them in the event of any of them falling into the hands of the enemy — Without Com (mission) s they might be treated as free- 1 The North West Fur Company raised the Corps of Canadian Voy- ageurs about October, 1812, which was disbanded at Lachine in March, 1813. They participated in en.gagrem«nts at St. Regis and LaColle. SUEEENDEK OF DETROIT 11 booters, or plunderers. They have an impression of that kind ■upon their minds — They have tendered all their Vessels for the Service of Gov' if the exigencies of the war should make it necessary to call for them — In short they are full of Loyalty and Zeal, and manifest a degree of public spirit highly honor- able to them. By means of these Companies, we might let loose the Indians upon them throughout the whole extent of their Western frontier, as they have a most commanding influ- ence over them. MEMORANDA ON THE DEFENSIVE STRENGTH AND EQUIPMENT OF THE NORTH WEST COMPANY. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 76.) Memorandum, — Fnom the Agents of the l^orth West Com- pany for the information of Cap* Gray. — The ]Sr W Co have on Lake Superior 1 vessel of 120 Tons — could be armed with 6 @^ 8 guns — also 1 of 60 Tons which might be run down the Falls of S' Marys to be made use of on the Lakes Huron and Michigan); They have also 2 vessels at Moy, (Sandwich) viz: the Caledonia and Nancy each from 100 @ 120 Tons, and Each Carrying 4 Guns.— 25 Canoes will start from La Chine the first week in May for Lake Superior — having on board 3 Agents viz: Mess" Shaw McLeod and McKenzie — 9 clerks, 10 Guides and 300 men or Engages to be at the Entrance of the French Eiver about the 20* to 25*'' May— at S*. Marys 1=' @ 4* June, and at Eort William on the IST. W. part of Lake Superior about 22'' @ 25* June — To assemble at S*. Marys for the purpose of taking down the Companys property to Montreal about the latter end of August, or Early in September in 30 @ 40 Canoes viz. — 3 Agents — 2 Proprietors — 8 Clerks — 10 Guides — 250 men or Engages — also if required, as many Indians as the Company have influence over in that quarter, say from 300 @ 500 — The Agents of the IST W Co beg leave to observe that they will on all occasions be ready not only to protect their own property, but to Exert all the influence they possess over the Canadians and Indians to induce them to follow their Example ■ — at the same time they take this opportunity of Expressing their gratitude to his Excellency for having taken the means ^ The sign generally used for ' at ' is in this memorandum used in the sense of 'to.' 12 CANADIAN AECHIVES necessary for the pTioteetion of the Fur Trade into such early Consideration. — Montreal 13* Jan^ 1812. The above was furnished by the Agents of the IST. West Comp^ at my request- A. Geay Act' Dep" Q' M' Gen' MEMORANDA OF GENERAL BROCK ON PLANS I'OR DEFENCE OF CANADA. (Canadian Archives, C 728, p. 68.) Memoranda' to be submitted to His Excjellency the Gov^ in Chief by desire of Major Gen'. Brock — To reinforce the 41°* by sending up their Eecruits and to send the Eeg' to Amherstburg, together with 50 Artillery. To send Ordnance suited to the Reduction of Detroit (4 to 6 eight Inch Mortars) To explain the nature of the Offensive operations proposed in that quarter Militia on the Detroit side 300 men mostly Canadians. Kentucky population 400,000 Souls. Amherstburg population furnishes 700 Militia. Indians in the vicinity from' 2 to 3000, — At the Grand Eiver 2 to 300. To send the 49"" or some other effective Eeg* to the 1!^ iagara Frontier with a proportion of Artillery. To Send a Eeg' to Kingston together with a Detach' of Artillery. To send an Officer of Eank to Kingston to take charge of that Frontier. It is proposed to select from the Militia 2 Companies from each Eeg' as flank Companies which will produce as Volunteers about 1800 Men. It is proposed to raise Corps of Volunteers which may produce 1200 Men To lay up the Ships next winter at York and by degrees remove the Naval Yard. To provide Materials for ten More Batteaux at Kingston and at Amherstburg To Build one Gun Boat (as an experiment) at Long Point. To send Plans of the Quebec Boats to York. The Gun to unship and lie in the hold in bad weather- 1 In the margin of this memo, are many pencilled comments, unsigned SUIJRENDEK OF DETROIT 13 To Fortify the Harboui* of Amherstburg. The co-operation of the 'N. West and S. West Companies — To take the Post of Michilimackinack and remove S*. Joseph's to it. A small Work to protect the Anchorage of Vessels at Long Point, and to have 6 Gun Boats at D". (Yong Point) if the Plan succeeds The Oo-operation of the Indians will be attended with great expence in presents provisions &c. To send a person from Kingston to Reconnoitre Sackets Harbour. And to send from Niagara to examine the Harbours and Country on the South shore of Lake Ontario to see what preparation and if arming the Merchant Vessels Capt° Gilkinson^ at Preseot. To enquire if he will take a Naval Command. Capt" Pish to Command the New Schooner to be built at York— To superanuate Commodore Grant^ and appoint L* HalP Senior Officer L* Barwiss* to command the New Schooner and 2'* Lieu*. RoUette" to be appointed first and to Command the Hunter ^ Captain William Gilkinson was appointed assistant quartermaster- general for the Johnstown and Eastern Districts, March 4, 1813. 2 Alexander Grant (1727-1813), was the fourth son of the seventh laird of Glen Moriston in Inverness. He heid been appointed acting master and commander on Lakes Erie and Huron in 1759, and was retired March 30, 1812, because of age and infirmity. He was appointed a member of the legislatie and Bxccuti. e Councils of TJpp?r Canada in September, 1791; and acted as President of the Executive Council from Septeinber 11, 1805 until August 25, 1806. ' George Benson Hall was appointed to command th e Provincial Marine on Lake Erie, succeeding Commodore Grant, with the rank of captain, April 25, 1812. After his supercession by Captain E. H. Barclay in June, 1813, he was appointed superintendent and storekeeper of the dockyard at Amherstburg, and on December 25, ;1813, naval storekeeper at Montreal. On September 21, 1813, he had been gazetted major of tte 1st Essex Regiment of militia. In 1817 he was elected a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for the county of Essex. He died at Amherstburg, January 9, 1821. * Lieutenant Thomas Barwis of the Provincial Marine. " Charles Frederic RoUette was born in the city of Quebec in 1783, and entered the Royal Navy at an early age. He received five wounds in the battle of the Nile, and also participated in the battle of Trafalgar. He was appointed second lieutenant in the Provincial Marine, October 4, 1807, and promoted to be first lieutenant and to command the brig Hunter, April 25, 1812. He was severely wounded at Frenchtown, Jan- uary 22, 1813; and taken prisoner in the battle on Lake Erie, Sep- tember 10, 1813. At the conclusion of the war he .was presented with a sword of honour by a number of the citizens of Quebec. He died in that city, March 17, 1831. 14 CANADIAN AECHIVES To Superanuate Commodore Steel^ and appoint Capf Earle^ Senior Officer and to Command the Royal George. To appoint and to Command the Moira. To mount 6.24 p". Carronades on Field Carriages to be used as (X-ciiPion may require I'o Send two Companies of the Newfoundland Eeg' to act as Seamen and Marines To Augment the Establishment by sending an addition of 100 Sea-men to the Lakes. To purchase all the Cordage from Cap' Mills* at Amherst- burg as this tends greatly to promote the growth of hemp. To submit the Mem" from Lieu*° Dewar and Hall. CAPTAIN A. GEAT TO SIR GEORGE PEEVOST. (Canadian Archives, G 128, p. IT.) York 29* Jan'' 1812. Dear Sir, I have communicated to General Brock an Extract from the Letter I had the honor to write your Excellency from Montreal, relative to the protection of the Trade of the E". West and S. West Companies. The General most perfectly concurrs in the ideas submitted in that Letter, and has directed me to communi- cate to you his anxious wish that the Post of S*. Joseph might be removed to the falls of S*. Mary. In short the General's general Policy, and plan of Defence, agrees so exactly with the ideas I had formed, previously to my communicating with him, that I can be at no loss in giving your Excellency every infor- mation on that head on my return, it may not therefore be necessary to enter more into details at present. I propose remaining here till after the House of Assembly has met, which will be about a week from this day. I have also the hope of meeting Lieu' Dewar before my departure from hence, as he has obtained leave to come to York, ^ Commander John Steel of the Provincial Marine, retired March. 80. 1812. ' Captain Hugh Earle, of the Provincial Marine, succeeded Commo- dore Steel, April 25, 1812. ' Captain William Mills of the 1st Regiment of Essex militia. SUEEENDEB OF DETROIT 15 this will afford me the opportunity of giving him more ample instructions as to the Duties of the Department, than I could by Letter. There is likewise some interesting information received respecting Detroit which he and Col. Elliot (t) (who is also expected) will be enabled to confirm — It seems the Americans are collecting a vast quantity of Ordnance, at that Post, which with other indications, pretty clearly manifests their intentions in -that quarter. We have got a Detailed account from the Prophet's Camp. He has gained a glorious Victory. His loss is 25 Men, and his N" actually engaged did not exceed 100. MEMORANDUM ON LOYALTY OP INHABITANTS OF MICHILI- MACKINAC COUNTY. (Canadian Archives, 676, p. 78.) Memorandum respecting Indians and_ other persons inhabit- ing the Posts, in the Indian Country where the Michilimack- inac Cotnpany trade ; who in the event of a War between Great Pritain and America could be depended upon to Join the Bri- tish at the Island of S'. Joseph Lake Huron at a short notice in the Spring — One Hundred whites English and Canadian and about three Hundred Indians. The other Indians throughout the Country where the Com- pany trade are all disatisfied with the American Government, and would in my opinion be glad of a good opportunity to Commence hostilities against them. Montreal 13"* January 1812 T. POTHIEE^ Agent for Michilim' Comp''. ^ Toussaint Pathier held a commission as major in the second bat- talion of Montreal militia. He was appointed a member of the Executive Council of Lower Canada in 1838. He died October 12, 1845. 16 CANADIAN AECHIVES MAJOE-GENERAL BROCK TO SIR GEORGE PEEVOST. (Canadian Archives, G 676, p. 86.) York U. C February 6"" 1812 Sir, I entered so fully in my dispatch of the 3"* December into the state of this Province that I shall Confine myself on this occasion to very few observations The primary object to which I am anxious to call the attention, of your Excellency is the inadequacy of the Military force to the defence of such extended irontier — In making this representation I am aware at this juncture of the necessity of limiting as low as possible the force to be employed on this Service The more information I receive the stronger I am im- pressed with the necessity of being formidable at Amherstburg — Were we in a condition to act offensively in that quarter the greatest good would be Sure to result from it — The Indians in the vicinity would, in that case, willingly co-operate wth us; their example would, if I am correctly informed, be soon fol- lowed by the numerous tribes living on the Missoury, who are represented as very inveterate against the Americans By these means an important diversion would be made, and points very assailable preserved from attack — The greatest efferts are mak- ing at Detroit to put the Fort in a complete state of defence, and I am persuaded it is already too strong to carry by assault, and without the aid of mortars anything we could do 'against it would probably be unavailing — They have there a large depot of Ordnance MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK TO SIR GEORGE PREVOST. (C'nnmlvin Archives, d 67 li. p. 02.) York U. C February 25* 1812 Sir, Every day hostilities are retarded the greater the difficulties we shall have to encounter — The Americans are at this moment busily employed in raising Six Companies of Eangers for the express purpose of overawing the Indians, and are besides col- SUEEBNDEE OF DETROIT 17 lecting a regular force at Vincennes probably with the view of re-inforcing Detroit, indeed report states the arrival of a large force at Fort Wane intended for the former Garrison — Their intrigues among the different tribes are carried on openly and with the utmost activity, and as no expense is spared, it may reasonably be supposed that they do not fail of Success — ^Divi- sions are thus uninterruptedly sowed among our Indian friends, and the minds of many estranged from our interests — Such must inevitably be the consequence of our present inert and neutral proceedings in regard to them — It ill becomes me to determine how long true policy re- quires that the restrictions now imposed upon the Indian department ought to continue But this I will venture to assert that each day the officers are restrained from interfering in the Concerns of the Indians — each time they advise peace, and withhold the accustomed supply of Ammunition, their influence will diminish, till at length thej lose it altogether — It will then become a question whether that country can be maintained — CAPTAIN J. B. GLEGG ' TO MR. ROBERT DICKSON.' (Canadian Archives^ 256, p. 209.) Copy. 27'" Feb^ 1812. Sir, As it is probable that war may result from the present state of affairs, it is very desirable to ascertain the degree of ooopera- 1 Jo!m Ba?heyoyle Gle^ff was born in England in 1773. He was awarded a gold medai for Ms services at Detroit, and grauted the brevet rank of major October 8, 1812. He was present at the actions of Queenston, Fort Erie, and Lundy's Lane, and received favourable mention in de- spatches. He was appointed an assistant adjutant-general July 14, 1814, and promoted to be major in the 49th regiment March 9, 1820. He was granted the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel May 27, 1825, and retired from the army, having served thirty-nine years. He died at Thnrsteston Hall in Cheshire, England, April 28, 1861. * Robert Dickson was born in Dumfriesshire in Scotland in 1768, and became a trader among the western Indians wten a very young man. He was one of the first white men to ascend the Missouri river to its source, and soon acquired a remarkable influence among the Sioux and other warlike nations of the far west. He died at Drummond Island, June 20, 1823. "Among the individuals who exerted themselves on the occasion with so much spirit and ability, the first place is generally allowed to Mr. 17804r-B 18 CANADIAN ARCHIVES tion that you and your friends, might be able to furnish, m case of such an Emergency taking place. You will be pleased to report^ with all practicable expedi- tion upon the following matters. 1''. The number of your friends, that might be depended upon. 2. Their disposition towards us. 3. Would they assemble, and march under your orders. 4. State the succours you require, and the most eligible mode for their conveyance. 5. Can Equipments be procured, in your Country. 6. An immediate direct communication with you, is very much wished for. 7 Can you point out in what manner, that object may be accomplished. 8. Send without loss of time a few faithful and very con- fidential Agents Selected from your friends. 9 Will you individually approach the Detroit frontier next spring- If so, state the time and place, where we may meet. Mem". Avoid mentioning names, in your written communi- cations. I owe you acknowledgements for tivo letters. Recollect to whom you promised to procure Shrubs and small trees. Robert Dickson, who, besides his own men, brought forward a strong body of Sioux Indians, whose example had a m(»t important effect in encourag- ing the Indians of the neighbourhood. Mr. John Askin took the command of the Ottawa Indians, and Mr. Jacob Franks assisted Mr. Dickson with the Sioux. The Canadian voyageurs or canoe-men, were formed into three companies of volunteers, or militia, of which Mr. Lewis Crawford acted as colonel; Mr. Toussaint Pothier, as major; Messrs. John Johnson, Charles Ermatinger, and John Baptist Nolan, as captains; Joseph Porlier, Paul Laoroix, Joseph Rolette, and Xavier Brion^ as lieutenants. Mr. Heniry Forrest took command of the Brig Caledonia, with the assistance of Mr. John Law as lieutenant : the captain of the vessel being an American, had refused to act; the vessel was the property of the North-West Company, and with five of the common .sailors, formed the whole of tie contribution of that company ito the success of the expedition."—' A Sketch of the British Fur Trade in North America,' by the Earl of Selkirk, London, 1816, p. 31. 1 For this report see p. 81. SUEEENDEE OF DETKOIT 19 BRIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR.' (Report of the Trial of General Hull; New York, 1814; App. I, p. 29.) (Copy.) Washington, &"• March, 1812. Sir, The prompt manner in which you have adopted measures for the protection of Detroit and the other settlements in the territory of Michigan, inspires me with confidence that such ulterior arrangements will speedily be made as the peculiar situation of that section of the United States may require. How far the measures already adopted will give security to that part of the country in the event of war with Great Britain, is a subject worthy of consideration. Officers of a company have been appointed with orders to recruit in the territory. The secretary acting as governor has been authorized to make a detachment of four companies of militia and call them into actual service. The commanding officer of fort Detroit has been directed to erect batteries on the banks of the river Detroit for the protection of the town. These, as incipient measures I very much approve, and was particularly pleased with the decisive manner they were adopt- ed. It must be apparent however they add no physical strength to that section of the country. The force already there is only better organized and prepared to be called into action. By comparing this force with the force which may be opposed to us, will evince the necessity of additional means of defence, if the territory is worth preserving. In the fort of Detroit I understand by the last returns there are less than one hundred regulars — the population of the territory is less than five thousand — and this population of the territory principally of Canadian Character — Connected with the post of Detroit, and three hundred miles North, is the island of Miohilimackinac, where is a fort garrisoned by a company of regulars. ISTear the South bend of Lake Michi- gan on the Westerly side is fort Dearborn, likewise garrisoned by a company of regulars. ^ In Vol. C 690, p. 37 of the Military Correspondence in the Canadian Archives there is a rough draft of this letter unaddressed and without signature or date wihich was probably found among the papers captured in the schooner Cuyahoga. 17804--2J 20 CANADIATT ARCHIVES This is all the force on whicli we can at present calculate for the safety of our frontier and for the protection of the Indians which the United States are bound by treaties, to afford. No support can be derived from the Indian Nations, even in the event of war, because our officers are instructed to advise them to remain neutral — and not to accept their services if they should be offered- I will now consider the British force opposed to this part of the United States. A fort at Amherstberg at the mouth of the Detroit river, garrisoned by about one hundred British troops — another fort on the island of St. Joseph's at the mouth of the river St. Mary's, garrisoned by about fifty British troops — two armed ships on Lake Erie, which command the waters and would prevent all commiinication from the States through that channel — a population of at least fifty thousand in that part of Upper Canada which is connected with the Detroit river and Lake Erie, and could easily be brought to operate against our settle- ments — about four thousand men, principally Canadian em- ployed in the Indian trade and imder British influence — and lastly may be reckoned all the Indians in Upper Canada, and a large proportion of the powerful nations residing in the terri- tory of the United States, who now hold a constant and friendly intercourse with the British agents, and are liberally fed and clothed by the bounty of the British government. It appears from this statement that the British force which can be brought to operate against us in the territory, is more than ten to one, without including the Indians. It requires no difficult reasoning to determine what must be the consequence — that part of the United States must fall into the hands of the British government, with all the inhabitants — the forts at Chicago, Michilimackinac and Detroit, and all the public stores, with the public and private vessels on the Lake, the forts at Chicaga, Michilimackinac and Detroit, and all the country North and North-west of the Miami of Lake Erie — and the settlements on the western part of the state of Ohio, will be subject to the depredations of the powerful northern nations of savages. There is nothing in my opinion (in the event of war) can prevent this state of things but an adequate fcrce on the Detroit river, opposite to the settlements in Upper Canada. It may be asked how is this force to be placed thtere, and how is it to be supported '^ If sir, we cannot command the Ocean, we can command the inland Lakes of our coimtrv — I STTBEENDEE OF DETROIT 21 have always been of the opinion that we ought to have built as many armed vessels on the Lakes as would have commanded them — ^we have more interest in them than the British nation, and can build vessels with more convenience. If, however, there is no intention of the kind, that communication must be abandoned until we take possession of the Ganadas. The army which marches into the country must open roads through the wilderness, and the supplies 'and provisions of whatever else may be necessary, must pass by land through the state of Ohio. If the conquest of the Ganadas is the object of the government, they will then have an army in a proper situation to comifience operations, and at the same time protect the defenceless inhabitants and control the Indians within our territory. The answer probably may be, it is more expedient to leave the Michigan territory to it's fate, and direct the force to Montreal. ' This will prevent all communication by the St. Lawrence with Upper Canada, and it must of course surrender. In this expectation I think it probable there would be a dis- appointment — if a force is not sent sufficient to oppose the British force which may be collected at Amherstberg and it's vicinity, Detroit, Michilimackinac and Ghicaga must fall — the inhabitants must once more change their allegiance, and the Indians become the exclusive friends and allies of the King their great Father. In the garrison at these places they will find large quantities of arms and military stores of every kind. — Upper Ganada and our country of which they will be in the possession, will furnish them with provisions — How then will Upper Canada be conquered by possessing Montreal? They will be in the quiet possession of their country and a part of our's — and how are they to be apprpached? You cannot ap- proach them by water, because they command the Lakes — In approaching them by land you must pass through a wilderness filled with savages under British control, and devoted to British interest. The consequences of such an attempt may probably be best learned from the historv of the campaign^ in that very country conducted by Gens: Harmar, St- Clair and Wayne. In Upper Ganada they have a governor who is a Major Gen. in their army — who commands the regular troops, the militia 1 General Josiah Harmar was disastrously defeated by Indians at the Miami Ford in 1790; Major^Gteneral Arthur St. Clair, who was with Am- herst at Louisbourg and with Wolfe at Quebec, was overwhelmingly defeated by Indians on- the Wabash in 1791; and Major-General Anthony Wayne, of reeklesg bravery, conducted a victorious campaign against the western tribes in 1794. 22 CANADIAN AECHIVES ai^d the Indians — the whole force of the country is therefore combined under his command and may be directed to a sm2;le print without any collision. From the preceding state (ment) of facts and observations it must be apparent that fort Detroit and the settlements in it's neighbourhood — and likewise Michilimackinac and Chicaga under present circumstances are in the power of the British — and that their possession of them would be extremely calamitous to the United States. In the event of peace with Enscland I am of opinion that the northern frontier ought to be better protected than it is at present in the event of war — and the object being the reduction of the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, I think it must be evident that the establishment of an army at Detroit, suffi- cient to defend that part of the country, control the Indians, and commence operations on the weakest points of defence of the enemy, would be an incipient measure indispensably neces- sary. With respect to the other points of attack I shall make no observations, as I probably shall have no agency in them. In considering this subject I have endeavoured to divest myself of all local feelings, and grounded my observations and opinions on public considerations alone. Two things appear to me to be certain, one is tihat in the event of war, the enemy will attempt to take possession of that country, with a view to obtain the assistance of the Indians residing in our territory; and the other is, that under its pre- sent circumstances of defence, it will be in their power to do it. A part of your army now recruiting may be as well sup- ported and disciplined at Detroit as at any other place. A force adequate to the defence of that vulnerable point, would prevent a war with the savages, and probably induce the enemy to abandon the province of Upper Canada without opposition. The naval force on the Lakes would in that event fall into our possession — and we should obtain the command of the waters without the expence of building such a force. The British cannot hold Upper Canada without the assis- tance of the Indians, and that assistance they cannot obtain if we h^ve an adequate force in the situation I have pointed out. There is another consideration very important. It will do more to prevent a general Indian war, as far West, and beyond the Mississippi, than any other measure. The Indians cannot conduct a war without the assistance of a civilized nation. S0EEENDER OF DETKOIT 23 The British establishment at Amherstberg is the great emporium from which even the most distant Indians receive their supplies. A force at the point I. have mentioned would prevent all communication of the Indians with that post — indeed sir, in every point of view in which the subject can be considered, it appears to me of the first importance to adopt the measure. BRIG.-GENEEAL HULL TO THE SECEETAEY OF WAR. (Report of the Trial of General Hull; New York, 181J^; App. II, p. 8.) On the Ohio, opposite Marietta, 3d May, 1812 — 6 o'cloch in the mominq. Sir, I am proceeding with all possible expedition to Cincinnati — seven days ago, 240 volunteers descended the river from this place — I understand Gov. Meigs^ has marched the volunteers raised at and in the neighborhood of Chilicothe to Dayton, the places of rendezvous — I have heard nothing as yet of the 4th regiment, I hope to meet them at Dayton- I met with Robert A. McCabe, an ensign in the 1st regi- ment, at Pittsburg — He is now with me and commands the 40 recruits on board my boats — from the best information I have obtained, the whole number of 1200 will be in readiness and principally volunteers. LIEUT.-COLONEL T. B. ST. GEORGE = TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. Extract. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 110.) Amherstburg 7*^ May 1812 " As the Queen Charlotte will not be able to sail before the 12"" I think it necessary to send a man with this to inform you " Return Jonathan Meige was born at Middletown, Conn., in 1765. After graduating from Yale he commenced to practice law. In 1802 he was elected chief justice of the Supreme Court of his native state. In 1804 he was appointed to the command of the troops in the territory of Louisiana and a judge of the civil court. Three years later he was ap- pointed a judge for the territory of Michigan. In 1808 he was elected governor of Ohio hut the election was declared void. He was then appointed a senator in Congress from that state. He resigned in 1810 24 CANADIAN ARCHIVES of a Report that we have here, which has been brought by a person in the employment of a Merchant, and who has been lately in the Interior— He reports that 1200 of the OMo Militia were to rendezvous at Urbana the last week in April — And at the same time Colonel Kingsbury^ was to have 1000 Regulars at Cincinnati, both, he says, were destined for the Michigan territory and Detroit — What credit the man is entitled to, I know not, he came here from Detroit, where he made the same report, and also at Sandwich — They are making preparations on the opposite side, are embodying a Troop of Cavalry (75 men) and a company of Infantry of the same number, enlistments going on rapidly — They have erected a three Gun Battery (24 pn'^ in the rear of the great Store, between the wood w(h)arf and King's w(h)arf on the rise of the hill from the River — We have various reports here, and so contradictory I know not what to think — But the prevailing one is, their very great dread of the Indians, so much so, that the Inhabitants of Detroit bave repeatedly applied to their Government for Troops. Provisions by all accounts, are very scarce there. MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK TO SIR GEORGE PREVOST. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 112.) York U.O. May 15* 1812 Sir, 1 have this day been honored with Your Excellency's con- fidential Communication dated the 30th Ult'' — and was elected governor of Ohio. In March, 1811, he was appointed postmaster-general and retained that office until 1823. He died at Marietta, Ohio, March 29, 1825. 2 Thomas Bligh St. George was commissioned as ensign in the 27th Regiment of Foot, July 25. 1771. He was present at all the actions near Toulon in 1793, and at San Fiorenzo, Bastia and Calvi in Corsica in 1794. He was promoted to be captain in November, 1794; and major in December of the same year. He served in the expedition to the coast of France in 1795; and was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel in the 63rd Regiment, March 14, 1805. He was awarded a gold medal for his ser- vices at Detroit, and granted the local rank of colonel September 6, 1812. He displayed great gallantry in leading an assault on the American position at the river Raisin, January 22, 1818. receiving six wonsds which compelled him to return to England for medical treatment. He was promoted to be colonel June 4, 1813; received the Cross of the Bath, Jrune 4, 1816; was promoted to be major-general in 1»19; and created a Knight of-the Order of the Crown of Hanover, February 18, 1835. He died in 1837. 1 Colonel Jacob Kingsbury, 1st U.S. Regiment of Infantry. SUERENDEE OF DBTEOIT 25 I have long since thought that nothing but the public voice restrained the United States' Government from Commencing direct hostilities, and it is but reasonable to expect that they "will seek every opportunity to inflame the minds of the people against England in order to bring them the more readily into their measures — It will be my study to guard against any event that can give them any just cause of complaint, but the proxi- mity of the two Countries will in all probability produce col- lisions, which however accidentally brought about, will be repre- sented as so so many acts of aggression — It would not Surprize me if their first attempt to create irritation was the Seizing the islands in the channel to which both countries lay claim^ ; Such was represented to Sir James Craig on a former occa- sion, to be their intention — In addition to the force specified by your Excellency, I understand that Six Companies of the Ohio Militia are intend- ed for Detroit — Our interest with the Indians will materially suffer in consequence of these extensive preparations being al- lowed to proceed with impunity — I have always considered that the reduction of Detroit would be the signal for a cordial co- operation on their part, and if we are not in sufficient force to effect this object no reliance ought to placed on the Indians About forty regulars were last week added to the garrison of Niagara, and by all accounts barracks are to be immediately constructed at Black Rock, almost opposite Fort Erie, for a large force — - I returned three days ago from an excursion to Fort Erie, the Grand river* where the Indians of the Six Nations are settled, and back by the head of the Lake Every gentleman with whom I had an opportunity of conversing, assured me that an exceeding good disposition prevailed among the people — The Flank Companies in the Districts in which they have been established, were instantly completed with volunteers, and in- deed an almost unanimous disposition to serve is daily mani- fested — I shall proceed to extend this system now that I have ascertained the people are so well disposed — ^but my means are very limited. I propose detaching one hundred Eank & File of the 41°' to Amherstburg almost immediately- — 1 These were islands in the St. Lawrence, in the Kingston district, amonK them being Wolfe and Carleton. 26 CANADIAN AHOHIVES SIE GEOEGE PREVOST TO LORD LIVERPOOL.' (EXTRACT.) (Canadian Archives, Q 117, pt. 2; p. 292.) No. 46 Quebec 18* May 1812. My Lord : ^ t j i ■ > In obedience to the Commands signified in Your Lordship s Dispatch W 1 of the 13*^ February, I now have- the honor to. report upon the Military .position of His Majesty s North American Provinces, and the means of Defending them. Upper Canada — Commencing with Upper Canada, as the most contiguous to the Territory of the United States and frontier to it along it's whole Extent, which renders it, in the event of War, more liable to imminent attack. Fort S' Joseph — Fort S* Joseph, distant about 1500 miles from Quebec; consists of Lines of strong Pickets enclosing a Block House,— It st.mds on the Island S' Joseph within the detour,_ com- municating the head of Lake Huron with Lake Superior;— It can only be considered as a Post of assemblage for friendly Indians, and in some degree a Protection for the North West Fur Trade:— The garrison at S' Joseph's consists of a small Detachment from the Koyal Artillery, and one Company of Veterans. Fort Amherstburg — Fort Amherstburg situated on the River Detroit at the head of Lake Erie, is of importance from its being the Dock Yard and Marine Arsenal for the Upper Lakes : — It is also a place of reunion for the Indians inhabiting that part of the Country, who assemble there in considerable num- bers to receive Presents : — The Fort has been represented to me as a temporary Field Work in a ruinous State ; it is now under- going a repair to render it tenable : — The Garrison at Amherst- burg consists of a Subaltern's Detachment of Artillery, and about 120 men of the 41" Regiment, the whole Commanded by Lieutenant Colonel S' George, an Inspecting Field Officer : — The Militia in its Vicinity amounts to about 500 Men. 1 Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, 1809-12. SURKENDEE OF DETROIT 27 MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK TO THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL. (Canadian Archives, G Jf-lS, p. 53.) N" 6. York Upper Canada 25"' May 1812 My Lord, I have much Satisfaction in being able, on my return from an excursion thro' different Parts of this Province, to report to Your Lordship, that I found every where a good disposition, and a high degree of industry among the Inhabitants. — A very general determination has been manifested by all ranks, to defend the Province, in the event of hostilities with 'the United States, and every Gentleman, whose judgment and Loyalty can be relied on, assures me, that the people taken in a wide sense, are as sincere, as they are ardent in their professions. — The Flank Companies formed under the Supplementary Mili- tia Act passed the last Session of the Provincial Parliament, were readily completed with Volunteers of the best description, to the extent my limited means permitted. — This Porce amounts to about Two thous* and could be aug- mented, I am confident, to treble that number, had I sufficiency of Arms for them — Those remaining at my disposal, I think proper to retain in store, to be on any emergency issued to the Militia who occupy the points the most exposed to attack — I have thought it my duty, to make application to the Governor in Chief for a fresh supply of Arms and Accoutrements, and His Excellency has been pleased to promise to attend to my ■^vishes the moment he possesses the means. The Militia who are preparing for service, receive no sort of compensation either in pay or Clothing — This consideration, the handsome manner they volunteered, together with Ae sound policy of giving at this moment encouragement, to the Military of every description, suggested the measures to which the ac- companying Documents (a.b.c.) apply. I could not but view a question, the decision of which, may at a future period dispose of a large portion of the Waste Land of the Crown, as proper to be submitted to the consideration cf His Majesty's Exeeiitive Council, and the Board having unanimously concurred with me, in the expediency of humbly soliciting His Royal Highnessi, The Prince Regent, for his gracious permission to act upon the principles stated in my 28 CANADIAN AECHIVES representation, it is with increased confidence I presume to request Your Lordship to give Support to a proposition, which nothing but the advancement of the King's service, could pos- sibly suggest — I made it my business to visit lately, the Indians of the Six Nations, who are settled on the Grand Eiver — The(y) appeared well disposed to join His Majesty's Troops, whenever called upon. — But unfortunately divisions exist among them, on points -which some white people find an interest in keeping alive. — M' Glaus, the Deputy Superintendent General, has done every- thing in his power to bring about a reconciliation, but a Chief of some influence, whose Daughter is marired to a white person, by whom he is instigated, and for whom he has been long trying to procure* a Grant of Five thousand Acres of the Indian land, cannot be pacified. This party is small, but capable of doing much mischief — The Six Nations have from the beginning resisted his appli- cation — There are eo many points connected with the welfare and happiness of the Indians, calling for the interference of Government, that I shall deem it my duty to collect the neces- sary materials as soon as possible, to enable Your Lordship to form a correct judgment of their actual Situation. The utmost attention is continued to be paid, that no just cause of umbrage is given in our intercourse with the Western Tribes, to the United States Government, which necessarily diminishes our influence with that injured people. Since the enactment of the Embargo by the United States, Eeinforoements of Regulars and Militia have arrived at most of their Frontier Posts, but in no number to occasion the least uneasiness. Enclosure a. In Despatch N° 6. Major General Brock thinks it proper to submit to the consideration of His Majesty's Executive Council, whether it might not be expedient at the present juncture, when the Country is menaced with an Invasion, humbly to move His Royal Highness, The Prince Eegent, for his gracious permis- sion to place the family of every soldier, Eegular and Militia ; also every mariner employed on the Lakes, who may be killed in the course of the contest, upon the U. E. List — And to extend this advantage to such Mariner and Militia-man, for whom no provision is made, who may be maimed, or disabled, upon actual service. SUREENDEE OP DETEOIT 29 And should the Executive Council concur in the expediency of the proposed measure, The Major General leaves it to their Judgment to determine, vs^hether the times do not call for, an immediate disclosure of their intentions- York 19*^ May 1812. Enclosure h. In Despatch N° 6. Extract from the proceedings in Council, dated 19"" May 1812. '■ His Honor, The President submitted to the Board, a written paper (A.) which being read, the Board unanimously concurred in the expediency of the measure proposed, and recommended that the intended application to His Royal High- ness, The Prince Regent, should be made Public forthwith." — (truly Extracted) (signed) John Small 01k. of the Executive Council Enclosure c. In Despatch N° 6. Militia General Order. Government House York, 25* May 1812. The very satisfactory Report made to the President, by the Officers Commanding Corps, of the Spirit and Zeal manifested by the Men, in volunteering their services in the Elank Com- panies, has afforded His Honor the most lively gratification, and Confirmed the Opinion which he was always disposed to entertain, of their determination to defend bravely their Country, and in immitation of their veteran Fathers, evince by deeds, the ardent Loyalty they have so often professed — Conduct so honorable and dignified, has not failed making a deep impression on His Majesty's Provincial Government, and to increase if passible, their anxious desire to contribute every thing in their power towards the Comfort and happiness of the people. With this view they have humbly solicited His Royal High- ness, the Prince Regent, for his gracious permission to allot to the Wives and Children of such Soldiers, Militia, and Mariners, who may be killed in the present Contest, a portion of the Waste Lands of the Crown ; and to afford relief to such 30 CANADIAN AEOHIVES as may be disabled in the Service, for whom no provision is otherwise provided. By Command of the President (signed) ^neas Shaw Adjutant Gen' Militia ADJT.-GENERAL A. Y. NICOLL TO CAPTAIN NATHAN HEALD AT CHICAGO. (Canadian Archives, C 688A, p. 60.) Inspector Office Washington City June 19*^ 1812— Sir War is declared against Great Britain you will make the best disposition of the means within your controul to meet the Event. All Officers and Soldiers absent from the post under your command you will order to join immediately I am Sir very respectfully your most obedient Serv* (Signed) A Y. Wicoll Adj' & Inspector Captain Nathan Heald Commanding at Chicago Fort Dearborn July 11 1812. The above is a true Copy of the original received by the Commanding Officer last Evening per Express from Eort Wayne signed N: Heald Cap* Commanding EXTRACTS FROM THE "NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER:" OF WASH- INGTON, D.C. June SO, 1812 — A letter from Dayton, Ohio, states: — The 4th U. S. Kegiment arrived in town from Vincennes on Sunday last, June Yth, and on Monday, June 8 th, proceeded on their march to join the army under General Hull which is now lying at Urbana. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 31 July ^ — A letter from Ceiit«rville, Ohio, of June 20, says : — On the 6th Governor Meigs held a council in the woods near Urbana with a number of Indian chiefs, Wyandots,, Shawanese, and Mingoes from Sandusky, the Au Glaize, and Miami of the Lakes. Tarhe or the Crane, principal chief of the Wyandots was present. On the 7th, the army of the Ohio marched into Urbana and encamped in the town. On the 8th a conference with the chiefs was held in the camp. Permission was granted to open a road through their territory from the Greenville treaty line in Champagne County to the foot of the rapids and to erect bloclchouses. On the 10th, the 4th U. S. Infantry arrived and on the 11th McArthur's^ regiment marched for Manary's block- house ^0 open the road and build blockhouses. July 8 — Cincinnati, June 2Y. It is expected General Hull's army will reach Detroit about the 10th of July. (N» 2) EGBERT DICKSON TO CAPTAIN GLBGG. (Canadian Archives, 256, p. 211.) June 18"^ 1812. Queries contained in paper N" 1^ answered — N" 1. Answer. The numbers of my friends would have been more, but the unparalleled scarcity of provi- sions of all sorts, has reduced them to 250 or 300 of all sorts of different languages. 1 Duncan McArthur held a commission of major-general in the Ohio militia in April, 1812, when he was elected colonel of the first regiment of Ohio volunteers. In early life he, had gained some military experience as a scout in the campaigns against the Cidians under Generals Harmar and Wayne. He subsequently became a land surveyor and acquired con- siderable wealth by speculations in land. Later he had served in the State legislature. He was unquestionably brave, energetic and popular. In 1813 he was appointed a brigadier-general in the United States army ; and in October, 1814, commanded a brigade of mounted riflemen which advanced from Detroit as far as the ferry across the Grand River near Brantford with the intention of attacking the depot of stores at Burlington Heights and then joining the American forces at Fort Brie. In this project 'he failed and was obliged to return but destroyed several mills and con- siderable supplies of grain. Faux, an English traveller in the United States, who met him in 1818, described him as being "dirty and butcher- like, very unlike a soldier in appearance, seeming half-savage and dressed ' like a backwoodsman: generally considered as being only fit for hard knocks and Indian Warfare."— Memorab!c Bays in America, p. 184. McArthur was elected governor of Ohio in 1830. * For paper No. 1, see p. 17. 32 CANADIAN AECHIVES 2. Answer. All of the same disposition as the accompany- ing note will shew. 3. AH ready to march when required under a proper person commissioned for that purpose. 4. An Express to be sent to St : Josephs on receipt of this, with Instructions either by Indians or a vessel. Provisions and all sorts of proper goods required. Flags, one doz large medals with gorgets and a few small ones. 5. Equipments if timely notice is given, can be procured in this country. 6. The Bearer of this will inform you of these and other matters. 7 As the article above — N° 6. 8. Your wishes are complied with on this head — 79 of their friends are left where this comes from. 9. St: Josephs will be the General Rendezvous and all our friends shall be there about the SO"" inst. N.B. An. Expedition acrossi to the Mississippi would, be of great service and could be accomplished without much risk or difficulty — In the Event of hostilities more full communica- tion will shortly take place — Copy, Sir, COLONEL WILLIAM GLAUS TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, 676, p. H-U-) Amherstburg 16*" June 1812. On my arrival at this Post two days ago, the enclosed Speech from Teekumthie, in answer to the Message sent to him by the Superintendent of Indian affairs by your order, was put into my hands' — I immediately sent to the Standing Stone for Esidore Chaine, a Huron, who was the bearer of the message, and received from him the following information- X Teekumthie on hearing of Chaine being on the way with a Message advanced to Maehekethe about Sixty miles West of Kickayuga, or Fort M(W)ayne, with twelve different Nations, amounting to about Six hundred men, two leading Chiefs and two War Chiefs of each Nation ; they had plenty of Com with the exception of the Shawonoes, who lost their's after the JThe Prophet's Brother. SUEKENDEE OF DETROIT 33 engagement with Governor Plarrison — Teekumthie left at his Village three hundred men when he advanced to meet Chaine ; they have been constantly employed in making Bows and Ar- rows, not having any ammunition; Teekumthie was much dis- satisfied with his Brother for engaging Governor Harrison, last fall, as their plans were not sufficiently matured — he further states, that Governor Harrison held a General Council about the Full Moon in May, and called on the different Na- tions to deliver up their men who had committed murder on the Big-Knives, (meaning the Americans) the Patowatamies being particularly pointed at, replied, that before they could give an answer they must consult their Nation and that at the next full-moon they would give him an answer — be replied that it was very well, and that he would wait with patience, but if he did not hear from them by that time, he would march against that nation and cut them off. Chaine mentioned to me that the Indians knew the americans too well, to believe that their intention was to attack only the one nation, and if they struck a blow, it would be against the whole, and that they would not be asleep — That all the Nations are aware of the desire the Americans have of destroying the Red people^X and taking their Country from them. On examining the issues of Ammunition to Indians at Amherstburg, for the last six months, I find that in Powder they have received only 1,211. pounds, making a difference of nineteen hundred and twenty one pounds less than at former periods — of Lead, not one ounce has been issued to them since last December, which will account for the increased consump- tion of provisions* SPEECH OF INDIANS ON THE WABASH IN REPLY TO MESSAGE OP COLONEL M. ELLIOTT, S.I.A. Copy/ (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. IJ^l.) Speech of the Shawanoes, Kikapoos & Winibiegoes, de- ilverel by Teehkumthia^ at Macliekethie, on the Wabash, in JJThe English. * Having no Lead the Indians cannot supply themselves with food by- hunting. . lAlso written Tecumtha, Teoumthai, Tecramthe, Tecumthei, Tecump- thsey, Tecumshee, Tecumseh and Tecumseth, meaning The Crouching Panther — a war chief of the small band of Shawanese Indians residing in the valley of the Wabash river in Indiana. He greatly distinguished him- self in the action near Fort Meigs, May 5, 1813; and was killed at Mor- aviantown, October h, 1813. In March, 1814, his young son and daughtel- yisited the governor-general at Quebec by special invitation. 17804—3 34 CANADIAN AECHIVES answer to the Message I sent to them by theHiirons last Winter. Father, & Brothers Hurons! Brother Hurons, You say you were employed by our Father and Your own Chiefs to come and have some conversation with us, and we are happy to see You and to hear Your and our Father's Speech. We heartily thank You both for having taken the condition of our poor Women and children to Your considerations: We plainly see that You pity us by the concern You shew for our welfare ; and we should deem ourselves much to blame if we did not listen to the Counsel of Our Father and our Brothers the Hurons. Father and Brothers! We have not brought these misfor- tunes on ourselves; we have done nothing wrong, but we will now point out to You those who have occasioned all the mis- chief — Our Younger Brothers the Putewatemies, (pointing to them) in spite of our repeated counsel to them to remain quiet and live in peace with the Big Knives, would not listen to us — When I left home last Year to go to the Creek Nation, I passed at Post Vincennes and was stopped by the Big Knives, and did not immediately know the reason, but I was soon informed that the Putewatemies had killed some of their people; I told the Big Knives to remain quiet until my return, when I should make peace and quietness prevail — On my return I found my Village reduced to ashes by the Big Knives — You cannot blame Your Younger Brothers the Shawanoes for what has happened : the Putewatemies occasioned the misfortune. Had I been at home and heard of the advance of the American Troops towards our Village, I should have gone to meet them and shaking them by the hand, have asked them the reason of their appearance in such hostile guise — Father & Brothers ! You tell us to retreat or turn to one side should the Big Knives come against us ; had I been at home in the late unfortunate affair I should have done so, but those I left at home were (I cannot call them men) a poor set of people, and their Scuffle with the Big Knives I compare to a struggle between little children who only scratch each others faces — The Kikapoos and Winibiegoes have since been at Post Vincennes and settled that matter amicably. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 35 Father & Brothers, The Putewatemies hearing that our Father and You were on the way here for peaceful purposes, grew veiry angry all at once and killed Twentyseven of the Big Knives. Brothers! — "We Shawanoes, Kikapoos and Winihiegoes, hope You will not find fault with us for having detained You so long here ; We were happy to see You and to hear Your and Our Father's words ; and it would surely be strange if we did not listen to our Father and our eldest Brothers. Father & Brothers ! We will now in a few words declare! to You our whole hearts — If we hear of the Big Knives com- ing towards our villages to speak peace, we will receive them; but if We hear of any of our people being hurt by them, or if they unprovokedly advance against us in a hostile manner, be assured we will defend ourselves like men. — And if we hear of any of our people having been killed, We will imme- diately send to all the Nations on or towards the Mississippi, and all this Island will rise like one man — Then Father and Brothers it will be impossible for You or either of You to restore peace between xis. Amherstburg 8'" June 1812 (signed) M. Elliott S.I. A. 16*" June 1812 true Copy (signed) W. Claus D. S. G. THE SECRETARY OE WAR TO BRIG.-GENERAL HULL.' (Memoirs of the Campaign of the Nor'th Western Army, hy General Hull; Boston, IS^ij p. 35.) Washington, June 18, 1812. Sir, war is declared against Great Britain. You will be on your guard, proceed to your post with all possible expedition, make such arrangements for the defence of the country, as in your judgment may be necessary, and wait for further orders.^ ^ This letter was delivered to General Hull by a messenger from the postmaster at Cleveland, Ohio, at ths Miami Rapids on the 2nd July, 1812. ^ See last paragraph of despatch of Hull to the Secretary of War, July 7, p. 44. 17804^3^ 36 CAXA1>IAX AEClllVKS BRIG.-GBNERAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OP WAR. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p, 162.) Copy/ Camp Xec€ssity near Blanchards Creek June 24, 1812 Sir, The heavy & incessant Kains which have fallen since the Army marched from Urbana have inundated the Country and rendered it impossible to make that expedition which the state of things may require, and my own wishes strongly impel I have opened the Eoad about thirteen Miles in advance, and established a Blockhouse,, that station is about 40 Miles from the foot of the Eapiils — 500 Men are at the Station, the Army is now preparing tci March, and will arrive at the foot of the Kapids by the l" of July unless a continuation of the Eain prevents it — There are now established on this Road five Strong Block- houses, garrisoned principally by the Invalids of the Army, I have stated to you in my former Letters the importance of this communication — considering the fatigues to which the Army has been subjected, both officers & soldiers are in good Health and continue to be animated by a laudable spirit Gen' Brock the Governor of Upper Canada arrived at Maiden on the 14"^ Ins* with 100 British Troops, on the 17*" he sailed for Fort Erie in the Queen Charlotte, and it is said She will return with a reinforcement immediately — large num- bers of Indians from all the Xorthern Nations are collecting at Amherstburg, and at Browns Town opposite the British Fort, and likewise on the River Huron of Like E"ie, t^i---^" Miles below Browns Town — they have a constant communica- tion with the British Garrison, and are supplied with Provi- sions & other things iieces,sary for them, In the event of Hos- tilities I feel a Confidence the force under my Command will be superiiir to any whicli can be opposed to it. It now exceeds two thousand Rank & file, I cannot by this conveyance send an accurate Return, f It is unnecessary to detail the difiiculties I have to encounter in the March of the Army through this Wilderness, it is only for me to surmount them tVide Letter 26 June N° 3 sent herewith. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 37 THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO BRIG. -GENERAL HULL. (Memows of the Campaign of the North Western Army, hy Oeneral Hull; Boston, ISBJi-; p. UO ; and Defence of Gen- eral Dearborn, hy H. A. 8. Dearborn.) War Department, June 2Jf.th, 1812. Sir, By my letter of the 18th inst. you were informed that war was declared against Great Britain- Herewith enclosed, you will receive a copy of the act, and of the President's proclama- tion, and you are authorized to commence offensive operations accordingly. Should the ' force under your command be equal to the enterprise, consistent with the safety of your own posts, you will take possession of Mal-den, and extend your conquests as circumstances may justify. It is also proper to inform you that an adequate force can- not stoon be relied on for the reduction of the enemy's posts below you. COLONEL EDWARD BAYNES ' TO CAPTAIN CHARLES ROBERTS' AT ST. JOSEPHS. (Canadian Archives, C 6S8A, p. 65.) Adjut Generals OiBce Quebec 25"" June 1812 Sir . I am Commanded to acquaint you that by an Express re- ceived by the North West Company, the Commander of the Forces has received intelligence that the American Government has declared War against Great Britain. His Excellency therefore avails himself of the opportunity offered by the dis- patch of Canoes to S'. Josephs to write you this intelligence and to direct you to observe the greatest vigilance and Caiition ^ Charles Roberts, captain in the 10th Royal Veteran Battalion. He conducted the important expedition against Michilmackinac in July, 1812, the honour of having done so being his only reward. 2 Edward Baynes, adjutant-general of the forces, and colonel of the Glengarry Light Infantry. 38 CANADIAN AECillVES for the Protection of the Post and for the ultimate security of the Party Committed to your Charge. The Gentlemen of the North West Co. has assured the Commd' of the Forces of their Cordial and active Cooperation in aiding the exertions of His Majestys Government by every means in their Power and I am Commanded to inform you that it is His Excellencys most express Orders that you vs^ill to the utmost of your "ability afford every assistance and Protection Possible to Promote the Interest and Security of the North West Company, Consistant with a due regard to the Security of the Post and in Case of Necessity the ultimate retreat of your Party M'. iPKay the bearer of this is a Proprietor of the North West Company BRIG.-GENEKAL HULL TO THE SECEETAET OF WAR. (Canadian 4rchives, C 676, p. 165.) Copy Camp at Fort Findlay on Blanchards-Fork 65 Miles from the foot of the Rapids of the Miami June 26, 1812 Sir, I have this moment received your Letter of the 18"' of June Ins*, Since the army marched from Urbana we have had constant & heavy Rains, this has rendered the progress of the army slow — since the junction of the whole Force not a moment has been, nor shall be, lost in advancing to our Post, the Road is already opened ten ]\liles in advance; to this place strong- Blockhouses are erected within Twenty Miles >f each other, to preserve the communication in the event of War, I have placed in them small Garrisons, and left the few sick & In- valids with their Arms, medical aid, and all necessary com- forts, I suggest to you whether it would not be expedient to relieve the troops of this Army stationed in the Blockhouses by the Militia of Ohio — In the event of War it will be neces- sary to keep up this communication, I have with me a con- siderable number of friendly chiefs, and Head Men of the different Nations — the Indians as we progress appear to be friendly, I hope in three Days to be at the foot of the Rapids — the Army i^ in high Spirits and ani^iated by a laudable zeal, SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 39 there exists a perfect harmony — M° Arthurs Blockhouse stands on the Scioto, and the Kiver is navigable for Boats to that station, from that station to Fort Findlay the distance is about Twenty seven ililes, and there is a Boat Navigation to Detroit by the Miami It is my intention to build another Blockhouse on the carry- ing River; about half the distance between this and the foot of the Rapids, The friendly Indians are now making Canoes and will carry part of the Baggage of this Army from this to the foot of the Rapids — enclosed is the most correct Return* that can be made of the army, under present circumstances. EXTRACT FROM RETURN OF HULL'S BRIGADE. (Defence of General Dearborn, by H. A. S. Dearborn; p. 10.) Extract from the return of the Brigade composed of the Ohio Volunteers and Militia and United States Infantry commanded by Brig-Gen. Hull of the United States Army. Col. Findiay's^ Regiment of Volunteers and Militia 509. Col. Findlay's^® Regiment of Volunteers and Militia 509. Col. Cass's do- do. do. 483. Col. McArthur's do. do. do. 552. Capt. Sloan's troop of Cincinnati Light Dragoons. 48. - Total. 2075. W. Hull, Brig Genl. Fort Findlay, June 21, 1812. T. S. Jessup,^ Dy. Insp. and Brig. Major. * The Return Corresponds with the Numbers stated in Gea' Hulls Letter of the 24tli June N" S sent herewith ^ Colonel James Findlay, commanding the 2nd Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, afterwards a representative in Congress from Ohio, and an unsuccessful candidate for governor of the state in 183*. The town of Findlay stands on the site of Fort Findlay. 2 Thomas Sidney Jessup was horn in Virginia in 1788; and commis- sioned a second lieutenant of infantry in the united States army in May, 1808. General Hull appointed him brigade-major and acting adjutant-gen- eral of his force in June, 1812. He was promoted to be captain Jan- uary, 1813; major in April, 1813; and lieutenant-colonel of the 25th Regiment of United States Infantry early in 1814. He distinguished him. self by skilful leadership, and was severely wounded in the action at Lundys Lane July 25, 1814. In 1818, he was appointed adjutant-general of the United States army with the rank of colonel, and soon afterwards became quartermaster-general with the rank of brigadier-general. In 1836 he was appointed to command the forces in Florida operating against the Seminole Indians, but received a wound which compelled him to retire from the field. He then resumed the duties of quartermaster- general and held that appointment until his death which took place at Washington, June 10, I860. 40 CANADIAN AUCHIVES THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO MAJOR-GENERAL DEARBORN.^ (Memoirs of the Campaign of the North Western Army, by General Hull; Boston, 18U; P- 17S.) War Department, 26th June, 1812. Sir, — Having made the necessary arrangements for the defence of the seaboard, it is the wish of the President, that you should repair to Albany and prepare the force to be collected at that place, for actual service. It is understood, that being possessed of a full view of the intentions of government, and being also acquainted with the disposition of the force under your command, you will take your own time and give the iioeessary orders to the officers on the sea-coast. It is altogether uncertain at what time General Hull may deem it expedient to commence offensive operations. The preparations, it is presumed will be made, to remove in a direction for Niagara, Kingston, and Montreal. On your arrival at Albany, you will be able to form an opinion bf the time required to prepare the troops for action. BRIG.-GENERAL HULL TO LIEUT.-COLONEL ST. GEORGE. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 1S2.) X° 1 Camp, Spring Hill 3 Miles below Detroit Copy July 6, 1812 Sir, Since the arrival of my army at this Encampment (five oOlock P M yesterday) I have been informed that an number of discharges of Artillery and of small arms have been made by some of the Militia of the Territory, from this Shore into Sandwich I regret to have received such information, the proceeding was authorised by ino, I am not disposed to make War upon Private Property, or to authorise a wanton attack upon un- 1 Henry Dearborn (1751-1829), born in New Hampshire; practiced medi- cine ; served as a captain in Arnold's expedition against Quebec and was taken prisoner in tlie assault ; participated in bhe actions at Saratoga, Monmouth, and in the siege of Yorktown; promoted to be lieutenant- colonel; electp.d representative in Conigre?s from Maine; made Secretary of War, 18(U-09j collector of customs at Boston, 1809-12; major-general in the United States army, 1812-15; minister to Portugal, 1822-24. SUEEENDEE OF DETROIT 41 offending individuals, I would be happy to learn whether you consider private Property a proper object of seizure & deten- tion, I allude to the Baggage of Officers particularly The Eearer of this (is) Col: Cass,^ an officer CommancH'iT,' one of my Regiments, (he is accompanied by Captain Hick- man) he is in possession of my ideas upon the subject of an Exchange of Prisoners, and is authorised to enter into stipulations for that purpose LIBUT.-COLONEL ST. GEORGE TO BRIG.-GENEEAL HULL. (Report of the Trial of General Hull; New Yorl-, ISllf.; App. II, p. 19.) Amhersthurg , July 6, 1812. Sir, I am honoured with your letter of this days date; I per- fectly coincide with you in opinion respecting private property, and any wanton attack upon unoffending individuals, and am happy to find, what I was certain would be the case, that the aggression in question was unauthorized by you. In respect to the property of officers not on board a vessel at the time of capture 1 must be judged by the custom of war in like cases, in justice to the captors, and shall always be ready to meet your wishes respecting an exchange of prisoners when I receive orders on that subject from my government. 1 Lewis CaSs was born at Exeter, New Hampshire, on the 9th October, 1782. At the age of seventeen he crossed the Alleghany mountains on foot, and took up his residence at Marietta, Ohio, then a growing town. He studied law and soon after being admitted to practice was employed in the prosecution of Aaron Burr. He wa/s appointed United States Marshall for Ohio in 1807; and in May, 1812, was commissioned as colonel of the 3rd Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. In 1813 he was appointed a brigadier-general in the army of the United States. Late in the autumn of the same year he was appointed governor of the reconquered territory of Michigan and held that post until 183l when he resigned to become' Secretary of War in President Jactson's cabinet. In 1836 he was appointed minister for the United States at Paris where he remained for six years. He was elected senator from Michigan in 1845 and held the seat until 1857 when he became a member of President Buchanan's adminis- tration. He resigned in I860; and died at Detroit, Michigan, on the 17th of June, 1866. 42 CAXADIAJS- AECIUVES GOVERNOR W. H. HARRISON TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Historical Narrative of the Civil & Military Services of Major- General Wm. H. Harrison, by Moses Dawson; Cincinnati, 182Jt; p. 270.) Cincinnati, (Ohio) July 7th, 1812. Sir, I left Vincennes on the 19th ultimo, for the purpose of reviewing and arming the regiments in the eastern division of the territory. With respect to the Indians, nothing worthy of notice had occurred previously to my departure and subse- quently to my last communication, excepting the arrival at fort Harrison of thirty Kickapoos, Winebagoes, and Shawa- noese, who from thence sent me a speech, full of professions of friendship towards the United States, and earnestly desiring me to send them some corn to prevent their families from starving. They informed me also that twenty Potawatamies had set out seventeen days before, to commit murders on the Kaskaskias road. The substance of my answer was, " That their professions of friendship could not be believed sincere, when they admitted that they had suffered a war party to pass their camp (containing seven hundred warriors) with thq avowed intention of committing hostilities upon our citizens; and that they could calculate upon no assistance from us until all the murderers of our people were delivered up." I pointed out to colonel Russell a route by which a detachment of rangers might possibly intercept the war party; but I think it highly probable that no such party is out, and that the story is a fabri- cation of the Indians, who communicated it for the purpose of enhancing their merit with us. There is no doubt of the truth of that part of their speech describing the extreme distress that prevails amongst them from the want of provisions. They have no corn, and their hunting ground being confined to a comparatively small district, and that, too, not the best for game, they are obliged to live on roots and bark. Under these circumstances it is not probable that they will leave their families to make a stroke in a considerable body; I am, there- fore, no longer apprehensive for Vincennes until the roasting- ear season. But it is very probable that a few hundred might be prevailed upon by their British allies to reinforce the army that is said to be colloctiiic; to oppose general Hull, if it were SUEKENDEB OF DETROIT 43 not from the apprehension of leaving their families exposed to be captured by an ejq)edition from Vinoennes. From this circumstance, I consider the accumulation of a small force at Vincennes, as forming a very useful diversion in favor of general Hull. A company of United States infantry, and another of rangers under captain Penny, are now here, on their way to Vincennes, by order of colonel Russell. In addi- tion to the force which the colonel has under his immediate command, I have directed the colonels commanding the regi- ments of militia in the vicinity of Vincennes to furnish him with any number of men he may call for. As my family are at this place, and there appears to be no immediate necessity for my being at Vincennes, I shall not return until towards the last of the present month, employing myself in the mean time in assisting to discipline the three regiments of militia which border on this state, the furthest of which is not more than sixty miles from this place. Should you have any orders for me in that time, I must request them to be sent to the office here; but as it is possible that some event may precipitately recall me to Vincennes, I must ask the favor of having a dupli- cate sent thither. BRIG.-GENEEAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Report of the Trial of General Hull; New Yorl-, 18H; App. 11, p. 9.) Head-Quarters, Detroit. July 7. 1812. (Sir,) I have the honor to inform you that the army under my command arrived at this place on the 5th instant — at the fork of the Rapids of the Miami some part of the public stores and the officers' private baggage were put on board a small vessel to be transported to Detroit — at that time I had not received your letter informing me of the declaration of war — the vess(?l was taken on the passage and carried into Amherstburg — In- closed are copie=i of two letters^ one which I addre-^sed to Col. (St.) George, (com'g) at Amherstburg, the other his answer. The greatest possible exertions have been made to induce the Indians to join the British standard — The Toniahawk stained with blood has been presented to the natives in due * See pp. 40 and 4t. 44 CAKADIAH AECHIVES form — The approach of this army has prevented many of them from accepting it — For a number of weeks they have issued about two thousand rations per day; from the best information their number is decreasing. The patience and perseverance with which this army has sustained a march attended with difficulties uncommon in their nature, does honor to themselves and their country. The British have established a por(s)t at Sandwich oppo- site Detroit ; the militia of Detroit have manifested a laudable and patriotic spirit. In your letter' of the 18th June you direct me to adopt measures for the security of the country and wait for further trders; — I regret that I have not a larger latituc'e. LIEUT.-COLONEL ST. GEORGE TO MAJOR-GENEEAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. IS^.) Copy, Amherstburg 8th July 1812 Dear General, I was favored with your letter of the 4"" this morning, and I send down the Hunter immediately to Fort Erie. The Lady Prevost will not I fear (with all our exertion) be in the water sooner than a week — In consequence of your letter of the 28*'' June which I received late in the evening of the 1^* I made every arrangement in my power to carry into effect your orders, and- between that time and about noon next day (2'') when I received your letter of the 29* June, the Schooner I mentioned to you in my last letter of that date, was ea])tnre'l^ — Slie will I am informed be a valuable prize, having on board the correspondence between the Commander of the Army and the American Government — — Being constant- ly on the road between this place and Sandwich, since the papers were found, I have not been able to peruse them, but have commissioned Captain Dixon^ and Lien* Dewar"* to open 1 See p. 35. 2 See note on p. 19. ^ Matthew Charles Dixon, a captain in the Royal Engineers, was awarded a gold medal for his services at Detroit and granted the brevet rank of major, December 12, 1814. He was wounded at Sandusky, August 2, 1813, and taken prisoner at Moraviantown, October 5, 1813. He was promoted to be major-general in 1854; and died at Southampton, England, in 1860. * Edward Dewar, lieutenant in the 100th Regiment and a deputy assist- ant quartermaster-general. He was an officer of much promise, but died suddenly at Amherstburg in December, 1812, from bursting & .blood vessel. SUEEENDEE OF DETROIT 45 and retain what is absolutely necessary for ns to have here, respecting Indians or to take notes of them — and the rest I have ordered to be made up and sent to you — You will find by them what is opposed to us — No time was lost in getting the Militia of Kent to Sandwich (which was found absolutely necessary) and I thought that with them and the 2* Essex (about 200 each) Sandwich would be safe — I went up the 4 with Lieu' Dewar and made every arrangement possible for that purpose — on the 5"" having heard that they were much alarmed and expected an immediate attack T went up again, and ordered the two six pounders to follow with a detach* of 41^' Eeg' to act as I saw occasion — on my arrival about 5 P.M. I found the place in great alarm from the Enemy having fired several shots from a 4 pnd' opposite to Sandwich — and one or two shots from a 24 pnd"' at Detroit which went into a house opposite — I thought I had quieted the alarm and convinced them that there was nothing to appre- hend from the forces opposed to them (no reinforcements of any consequence having then arrived) and that I would im- mediately support them in case of an attack — ^The next morn- ing as I was sending up a party of the 41" and an officer to put them in some order, I was informed by Colonel Baby\ that he was on his march to Amherstburg — I immediately sent off Captain Muir' and 50 of the 41"' in carts with two ?> pounders to stop them, which he did, near the Canard bridge and returned with them to their former position — Whilst the militia was absent a flag of Truce arrived at Sandwich and was forwarded to me, the nature of which the enclosed copies of letters which passed on that occasion will explain (Vide Tv""^ 1 & 2.)^ I have found it necessary at present to leave the detach- ment of the 41" with a Captain, two Subs and the two three pounders at Sandwich, and also two heavy Guns I ordered to follow the Detach* to encourage the militia, and at present, as ^ Jacques Baby de Rainville, eldest son of the Honourable Jacques Duperon Baby, was born at Detroit in 1763. He was colonel of the 1st Regiment of Kent militia, and a member for many years of the Legisla- tive Council of Upper Canada of which he eventually became president. He died at Toronto, February 19, 1833. 2 Adam Muir rose from the ranks to be sergeant-major of the 41st Regiment, and was appointed adjutant with the rank of ensign, Sep- tember 30, 1793. He s«rved during the operations in San Domingo in 1794, and was promoted to be lieutenant, July 12, of that year, and captain on February 9, 1814. "The detachment of the 41st Regiment serving under his command at the surrender of Detroit was composed of three captains, nine subalterns, one acting sergeant-major, thirteen sergeants, thirteen corporals, and 240 privates."— I'Omarr, ' History of the 41st Foot,' p. 57. 3 Son nn 40-4.1 _ 46 CANADIAN AECHIVES the Enemy has not the means of passing in force, I think them secure from Surprize — I shall keep Sandwich as long as I can, as also keep open the communication, and prevent my Detach* from being cut off — From the want of officers and ether assistance I have not been able to get a state of the people I have collected — I have been obliged to iss'ue Indian Arms to the Militia and shall arm every man I find disposed to make use of one for us — I have embodied the Canadians I detained in the eleven boats from Montreal (70) men belonging to the North West Company — Their cargoes I am obliged to make fiee with, consisting of Arms, Ammunition and Blankets — Had I not detained them they would have fallen into the hands of the Enemy — ^on receiving your letter of the 28"" I ordered the Nancy belonging to the North West Comp^ of about 70 tons waiting for a wind to take her up from "Moy" to the upper lake, down here, where she remains — I have taken some brass three pounders from her to mount in the Boats before mentioned. In short I find myself so situated, -that I am obliged to make use of everything I want, that falls in my way — -I am much distressed at not being able to get returns of what men I have, and I fear there will be great confusion in the accounts, but I cannot help it — I must issue provisions to men who come forward, and am endeavouring to get all the Cattle I can, to this place — I am obliged to appoint assistants in the different departments to act in this confusion — I count- ed yesterday 460 militia at Sandwich including two Com- panies of Colonel Elliot(t)'s militia — Many without arms, but which I have supplied from the Indian, and private Stores — Captain Muir from whom I receive great assistance is labor- ing hard at Sandwich to get them in some order — When obliged to it, I hope they may make a regular retreat on this place — ^We have in the Eort the two Flank Comp" of Colonel Elliott's Reg* in all about 140— The rest of that Battalion down the Lake I am endeavouring to collect — and when I am able to get a regular return I shall sent it — Men we shall certainly have and several seem willing to act if they knew how and were well supported, and had officers to shew them the way — I now think it fortunate that your letter of the 29"" came too late to stop the Messengers sent out to the distant Indians — on my return from Sandwich yesterday we had a Grand Council of Chiefs &e &c from the neighbourhood, and i]ie usual ceremonies of tl:e Wam]ium &c kc were gone through — There were present iibout 200 and besides those present I am -- SUEEEADEK OF DETROIT 47 informed 100 had gone to their Camp — Tecumtha (the Pro- phet's brother) acted a conspicuous part on the occasion- We are hard at work at the Eort, and have done a great deal since you left us — The Curtains begun on, are nearly finished : Two of the Bastions well fraised, the other two will be fraised in two days from this date — the Scarpe all the Way round is deepened — Twenty pieces of Cannon well mounted : The Plat- forms all perfectly good — The iN'orth Curtain remains as it was, and with Timber we are giving it a thickness of 14 feet to that side — A log building, is thrown up in the Fort (for) about 60 men — Another will be thrown up in half a day when we have done with more material work — The small magazine is in a state of forwardness — In short every exertion possible is made by us all — I have appointed Captain Mockler^ of the N"ev^foundland Eeg* my aid de camp — Besides from what I have heard of his character as an officer and a Gentleman (for he is quite a stranger to me) he is the only officer who could be spared — I am much mortiiied at the confused state in which I find myself with the men of the militia, now we have collected them to- gether — their wants are many^I wish much for instruction respecting the pay &c &c of the Militia, and of those who have offered to serve and have been accepted by me — From what I have seen of their Country a Regular force here of even two Battalions would be quite sufficient for its security — But if it is found that we cannot support those who take up arms, I dread- the consequences. Those we get into the Fort we can control, but no others — I sh^ll be careful of my Detachment at Sandwich at all events — You may well suppose it requires vigilance at that distance — I should be under no uneasiness, if I had the Militia in any state of order — officers we want for them — I hope dear Gen' you will excuse this irregular scroll, but I have been so harassed for these five days and nights, I can scarcely write — I am endeavouring to raise a Corps of Cavalry, and attach them to "the Quarter Master General's Department and I must employ some of the Gentlemen in the Country capable of assisting, in getting in horses cattle &c I have taken a great deal on myself, but fgund I could not get anything done if I did not — The Boats, cargoes and vessel '^ Captain Eobert Mockler of the Eoyal Newfoundland Regiment was district staff -adj utant for the Western District, and suhseqnently aide-de- camp to Major-General Procter. 48 CANADIAN AKCHIVES of the North West Company are a serious concern — I can detain the Hunter no longer. P.8. Co^ Baby's reason for leaving Sandwich, was that the men seemed inclined to return home. CAPTAIN M. C. DIXON, R.E. TO LIEUT.-COLONEL R. H BRUYERES, r.e;» (Canadian Archives, C 386, p. 62.) Fort Amherstburgh, July 8'" 1812. Dear Sir, Since the 17"" June, the Date of my last_Letter to you, no opportunity whatever has offered of writing till the present moment; I have only received as yet one Letter from you, stating the necessity of some repairs &c to the Barracks here: Since we have received here the news of War with the U.S. my attention ha-^ been wholly directed to the object of putting the Fort in a decent state : The S. and E. curtains have been formed and finished with the exception of the Timber Facing: Twenty Pieces of Cannon are mounted: the Platforms all re- paired; Four 12* Gun Carriages made; The Four Bastions Fraized and the escarp all round as mvich as possible deepened ; with the very considerable quantity of Timber in the Fort, a splinter proof Log Building has been thrown up and small expense magazine in the centre of the S. Fort is in a state of Forwardness. This Latter Service Gen' Brock ordered : Tbe side walls I have made 5 f* thick & I propose a Flat log ceiling, loaded with Dry masonry to form a Bombproof; I trust, Sir, you will do me the credit of believing that no exertion or activity has been spared by me in carrying on the Service here and that my best endeavours shall be exerted for the security of this Important Post; a Few days since, B"' Gen' LIull with an army of 2000 Men arrived at Detroit: Their Main Body is encamped at Sandwich; of this Total, 475 are regulars being the 4"^ U.S. Beg*: who were at the Wabash; the rest are Ohio Militia & Volunteers : The whole army has had a severe march from Cincinnati (Ohio) and their principal point has been in advancing to secure a safe communication all the Way ^ Ralph H. Bruveres, lieutenant-colonel commanding the Royal Engi- neers, in the Canadas. SUERENDEK OF DETROIT 49 bv Establishing Block Houses at the Distance of 20 miles from each other, garrisoned by the Invalids &c of the Army: The day after we received News of War, our Boats captured an American Schooner with 40 men and officers of their Army; The whole of the officers Baggage, Medical Stores of the Army, Clothing, 40 stand of Arms &c with all Governor Hull's papers of the first consequence have fallen into our hands ; on examin- ing them we got a complete insight into all his views: his official correspondence^ with the Secretary of State was also very interesting : Co' S. George has thought them of such con- sequence as to send them to Gen' Brock: our Force here con- sists of 300 Eegulars, 850 Militia and about 400 Indians, so that I think we have no reason to be afraid of our Yankey T'riends ; I forgot to mention that the A. Army cut the road the whole of the way, which in fact they were obliged to do as the whole march was through a wilderness : The ship is now wait- ing for this, so I have only to apologise for the hurry I write in, and have the honor of remaining. THE SECEETAEY OF WAR TO GOVERNOR HARRISON. (Historical Narrative of the Civil and Military Services of Major-General Wm. H. Harrison, hy Moses Dawson; Cincinnati, 1824; P- 212.) Fas Department, July 9*", 1812. Sir, By letter from Governor Edwards" it appears that the Indians are again collecting. Should the regular troops and rangers under colonel Russell, with the reinforcements ordered to be furnished on your requisition, be inadequate to the protec- tion of the frontier, your Excellency will please to consult with governor Edwards, and to request from the governor of Kentucky*, such detachments from the militia of that state, as emergencies may require. The Governor of Kentucky will be adVised of this insti-uc- tion to your Excellency, and no doubt can be entertained of his cheerful co-operation. 1 The draft of a despatch from Hull to the Secretary of War given on p -y was probably one of these. 2 Ninian Edwards (1755-1833) was goTernor of Illinois territory, 1809-18, where he did much in re.5training Indian hostilities during the war. 3 Charles Scott (1733-1813) was governor of Kentucky from 1808 to 25th August, 1812. See note on Shelby, p. 202. 17£me of the Pottawattamees ; and whenever we have occasion to send out 2 or 3 Miles for Wood or any other Article I take the precaution to send an armed party- Enclosed is a copy of a Letter which I received from the Adjvi* and Inspector on the 10* Instant Also my latest news- paper — I think it possible this post will be evacuated.^ P.S. I forgot to tell you that Baker^ is promoted — CAPTAIN HEALD TO LIEUT. HANKS. (Canadian Archives, C 688 A, p. 116.) Chicago 13*'' July 1812. Sir Last night between the hours of 10 and 11 I suspected from the barking of the Dogs and other circumstances that there was a party of Indians about us, and sent out two men to reconoiter. a small distance round the Garrison, they had not got more than 70 or 80 yards from the Fort when they discerned 4 or 5 Indians within 15 or 20 paces of them ; The two .Soldiers drew up their Muskets loaded with buck shot fired on them and returned to the Fort The Indians returned but one shot and that had no effect. But I believe the Soldiers either killed or badly wounded one of them from the signs we have discovered this morning, the party remained about us 'till three oClock in the morning and occasionally fired a Gun at a distance, probably to induce me to send out another party. They have taken off one Horse and wounded with their knives and Tommahawks four Sheep which were shut up in a Stable not far from the Fort, I suspect they are Pottawattamies. 1 See Heald-'B letter to the Secretary of War, p. 225. 2 Captain Daniel Baker of the 1st TJ. S. Regiment of Infantry. 56 CxVNADIAX AKCmVES ROBERT DICKSON TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, 256, p. 187.) Copy/ Sir, I take the liberty of addressing Your Honor on the Subject of the Indians JSTations to the "West, a number of whose Chiefs and Warriors have accompanied me to this place in order to Co-operate with His ^Majesty's Forces wl;erever their Services may be wanted — The situation of those nations last Winter has, from their usual Supplies being withheld, been tnily deplorable — there is but little hope at present of goods being this Season carried into their Country, and unless they receive Strong Support in Ammunition & Cloathing from His ifajesty, they must infallibly perish. I had intended at this moment to have paid Your Honor a visit, in order to have had the Satisfaction of representing to You the State of the Country, and Several other interesting Subjects in the present crises ; but I have deferred this that I may be ready for the attack of Michilimackinac, so earnestly wished for, as the means of Securing the Communication to the il ississippi and retaining and Supporting all the Indian Tribes in their present happy disposition so favorable to the interests of Britain — From Captain Roberts I have received every mark of atten- tion that politeness could dictate, or that the good of the Service can require — The Indians are much gratified with his comportment towards them, and in him they repose the highest Confidence — I some time since despa^tohed from Green Bay, thirty Indians to Amherstburg — had I received earlier information, I would have with ease brougjlit an addition of Four or Five hundred to those now here. — We wait anxiously for Your Orders, on which the fate of this Country depends. S' Joseph's July IS"" 1812 SL'EEEXDEK OF DETEOIT 57 BRIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Report of the Trial of General Hull; New Yorl-, 18Uj App. n, p. 10.) Sandwich, in Upper Canada, July 13"', lsl2. Sir — from the 5tli July inst. the day of the arrival of the army at Detroit, the whole was employed in strengthening the fortifications for the security of the town, and preparing boats for the passage of the river. About one hundred regulars of the British army, and, from the best accounts I have been able to obtain,, six hundred Canadian militia with artillery, were in possession of the opposite bank, and fortifying directly opposite the town; seven or eight hundred Indians were like- wise attached to this coi'ps. On the evening of the 11th, before dark, the boats were ordered down the river, and a part of the army marched towards the river Eouge, with directions to return under cover of the night and proceed above the town. The object of this movement was to induce the enemy to believe that this was a preparatory measure to the passage of the river below: this indeed would have been the real movement, if a sufficient number of boats could have been collected for the passage of a body of troops at once superior to the enemy's: the necessary arrang'ements having been made, the latter moved above the town to Bloody bridge. The 4th IT. S. regiment, 3,rArtliur's, Finley's and Cpss's regiments of Ohio volnute'eT^, with three six pounders under the command of Captain Dyson,-' marched to the same point ; the descent was imff -- diately made, and the army is now encamped on the Canada shore without the loss of a man. In the course of the night the enemy abandoned their position and retreated to Amherstburg. Both the embarkation and the debarkation were conducted with the greatest regularity, and all the heavy artillery that was mounted on carriages was placed on the bank in suitable situations to have covered the landing. In less than five minutes after the first boat of a regiment struck the shore, the •whole regiment was formed. The manner in which this diffi- cult movement was executed does honor to the officers and soldiers of this army. I consider the possession of this bank is highly inqDortant. By erecting one or two batteries opposite to the batteries at Detroit, the river will be completely com- 1 Captain Samuel Dyson, 1st U.S. Regiment of Artillery. 58 CAiS'ADlAN AECHIVES Kianded in the rear of the army. On the Detroit River, the Eiver La Trenche, and Lake St. Clair is a populous and valu- able part of the province ; it is likewise prohable that when the Indians see the American standard erected on both sides the river it will have a favorable effect. Inclosed is a copy ol a proclamation to the inhabitants, which I hope will be approved by the government. Two hun- dred copies have been printed and are now in circulation ; all the inhabitants who have seen it appear satisfied. PROCLAMATION OF BEIG.-GENERAL HULL. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 168.) By William Hull, Brigadier General and Commander of of the ISTorth Western Army of the United States A PROCLAMATIOIT Inhabitants of Caiv^ada! After thirty years of Peace and prosperity, the United States have been driven to Arms, The injuries and aggressions, the insults and indignities of Great Britain have once more left them no alternative but manly resistance or unconditional submission- The army under my Command has invaded your Country and the stan- dard of the United States waves on the territory of Canada To the peaceful unoffending inhabitant, It brings neither danger nor difficulty I come to find enemies not to mahe them, I come to proiect not to injure jon. Separated by an immense ocean and an extensive Wilder- ness from Great Britain you have no particiption in her coun- sels no interest in her conduct. You have felt her Tyranny, you have seen her injustice, but I do not ask you to avenge the one or to redress the other. The United States are suffi- ciently powerful to afford you every security consistent with their rights & your expectations, I tender you the invaluable blessings of Civil, Political, & Eeligious Liberty, and their necessary result, individual, and general, prosperity: That liberty which gave decision to our counsels and energv to our conduct in our struggle for INDEPENDENCE and which conducted us safely and triumphantly thro' the stormy period of the Revolution. SUREENDEB OF DETEOIT 59 That Liberty which has raised us to an elevated ranlc among the Nations of the world and which has afforded us a greater measure of Peace & Security wealth and prosperity than evor fell to the Lot of any people. In the name of my Country and by the authority of my Government I promise you protection to your persons, property, and rights, Eemain at your homesi, Pursue your peaceful and customary avocations. Kaise not your handsi against your brethern, many of your fathers fought for the freedom & j'ndepen(de)nc0 we now enjoy Being children therefore of tlie same family with us, and heirs to the same Heritage, the ar- rival of an army of Friends must be hailed by you with a cordial welcome. You will be emancipated from Tyranny and oppression and restored to the dignified station of freemen. Had I any doubt of eventual success I might ask your assis- tance but I do not. I come prepared for every contingency. 1 have a force which will Icok down all opposition and that force is but the vanguard of a much greater. If contrary to your own interest & the just expectation of my country, yon should take part in the approaching contest, you will be con- sidered and treated as enemies and the horrors, and calamities of war will Stalk before you. If the barbarous and Savage policy of Great Britain be pursued, and the savages are let loose to murder our Citizens and butcher our women and children, this war, will be a war of extermination The first stroke with the Tomahawk the first attempt with the Scalping Knife will be the Signal for one indiscriminate scene of desolation, No white man found fighting by the Side of an Indiam, will he taken prisoner Instant destruction will be his Lot. If the dictates of reason, duty, justice, and humanity, cannot prevent the employment of a force, which respects no rights & knows no wrong, it will be prevented by a severe and relentless system of retaliation I doubt not your courage and firmness; I will not doubt your attachment to Liberty. If you tender your services voluntarily they will be accepted readily The United States offer you Peace, Liberty, and Security your choice lies between these, & War, Slavery, and destruc- tion. Choose then, but choose wisely ; and may he who knows the justice of our cause, and who holds in his hand the fate 60 CANADIAN AECHIVES of JSTations, guide you to a result the most compatible, with your rights and interests, your peace and prosperity (Signed) WM. HULL By the General A r HULL^ Capt". 13. U. S. Eeg' of Infant^ & A.D.O Head Quarters at Sandwich July 13*" 1812 BEIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. Sandwich, July 15, 1812. Sir, — The Canadian militia are deserting from Maiden in large parties; about sixty came in yesterday. I send them to their homes and give them protection. The probability is that the greatest part of them will desert in a few days. The force under my command and the movement into this province has had a great effect on the Indians. They are daily returning to their villages. A very large council is now sitting at Brownstown.^ The' Wyandots are at the head of it. Tlie object is to induce all the nations to be neutral. I furnish them with provisions. The Crane, Walk-in-the-Avater, Blachhoof, Blue Jacket,. &c., &c., &c., are zealous friends of neutrality. I have great hopes the object will be effected. I have reason to believe the number of hostile Indians is decreasing. The inhabitants have received my proclamation with great satisfac- tioil so far as information has been received. I shall march the army to Maiden as soon as the necessary preparations can be made for the siege. As the British have no naval force above Detroit and as we now command the river, I shall direct the brig Adams to be completed and armed as soon as possible for the purpose of supplying the posts at Michilimackinao and Chicago with pro- visions and the necessary stores provided we can obtain them here. 1 Alraliam Fulton Hull, son of General Hull, killed in action at Lundy's Lane, 1814. SUERENDER OF DETROIT 61 LIEUT.-€OLONEL ST. GEORGE TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 111.) Amherstburg 15th July 1812 Copy Dear General, Since my letter of the 8'" which I sent by the Hunter, finding that it would not be possible for me to keep Sandwich owing- to the disposition in which I found the Militia; I thought it right to prepare to withdraw the force there to Amherstburg, and on the 10"" Instant I sent the Assistant Quarter Master General to arrange with M' Francis Baby (who I had appointed to assist in that Department) to drive whatever cattle &c &c could be found, to this Post — On the 11"' I received a letter from Colonel Baby, stating, that from the preparation made on the opposite side, & every appearance of the Enemy crossing in great force, he had determined (with the unanimous advice of his Officers) to withdraw to Amherst- burg immediately. On my arrival there, the same day I found that the heavy guns and Baggage were sent ofF — and from the information of those I could most depend on, that the men had shown so great a disposition to get away home, I had every reason to suppose that in the course of the night they would disperse — I theught it best to get them to Amherstburg — The next morning early (the 12"") the Enemy crossed with the greatest part of his force near Hog Island, and occupied Sandwich — Since that time the Militia have been going off in such numbers, that I have not more than 471 in all this morning — and in such a state as to be totally inefficient in the field — However when I find in what manner the Enemy attack, I must try them — In the mean time I am endeavouring to get them in some order — Their numerous wants I am straining every nerve to supply — yet I am stunned with complaints chiefly respecting their families left in the greatest want — Some of the oldest have been allowed to go home — Regular Keturns I am unable to get from their officers — There are cer- tainly many well disposed, but the idea of leaving their fami- lies and farms at this season occasions their principal disatis- faction — As to the Indians I wished those here to act when I could support them, but as they are so anxious I must let them 62 CANADIAN AECHIVES on, and sustain them as I see occasion, to the utmost of my power — It is impossible to tell their numbers in our favor, p.s they are continually going and coming — But I shall know in a day or two how many I can have here to depend on — I hope the Enemy will move forward by land — The Canard is so strong a position that I think (with the assistance of the Indians) I can annoy them much before they can get to this by that Koad — I am sorry I have to complain of want of information of every kind — The Lady Prevost was launched the day before yesterday. COLONEL ELLIOTT TO COLONEL CLAUS. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 180.) Amherstburgh 15* July 1812. Sir, On Saturday 11* ins' the enemy appeared in motion from Detroit upwards towards Hog Island on their own side of the Eiver, where they had collected a number of boats. Our Militia stationed at Sandwich to watch- their motions, and to prevent if possible their crossing, placing little reliance on their own strength, and fearing they might be cut off, immediately determined on a retreat, and accordingly did so on the same night to this post, with two pieces of cannon which had been given them for their defence — And early in the morning of the 12* the enemy crossed in a line from Hog Island to Detroit, nnd landed at several places at the sime time from ^Mackin- toshes to Sandwich without a Shot being fired to the number of about 6 or 800. General Hull immediately (occupied) M' Babys brick house opposite to Detroit and placed his largest force at Sandwich where they began to entrench themselves, and they have since crossed over their cavalry and artillery with more troops and now are entrenching themselves down the settlement towards this post, erecting batteries at distances, and have also sent a detachment towards the River Thames — ^The Gen' on landing issued proclamations to the Inhabitants, pro- mising all those who should remain at their homes protection for their persons & property — Their Proclamations have operated very powerfully on our Militia (who had come for- ward with as much promptitude as could have been expected) Since their issuing our Militia have left their Posts and re- SUREENDBK OF DETROIT 63 turned to their homes, so that since Sunday the number is reduced to about one half, and I expect that in two or three days we shall have very few of them at the post. We expect to be attacked to day or tomorrow. The Indians with us are between 3 & 400 who have resisted every allure- ment which Gen' Hull laid before them. Tech-Kum-thai has kept them faithful — he has shewn himself to be a determined character and a great friend to our Government. Delay in attacking the enemy has been very detrimental to our interests and greatly cooled the former spirit of our Mili- tia — We have no ball remaining in the Indian store, and if more Indians come, I really do not know how to act — We have taken all (and that was very little) in the possession of the Mer- chants here. The bearer of this is Guendik a faithful little man, and who will proceed with despatch with this by the way of point Pele P.S. The people here are much dejected & have removed all their effects out of the place. ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION OF MICHILIMACKINAC.i (Canadian Archives, 676, p. 23Jf.) Heights above Michilimackinac 17 July 1812 Copy CAPITULATIOjST agreed upon between Captain Charles* Koberts, Commanding His Britannic Majesty's Forces on the one part, and Lieutenant Hankes Commanding the Troops of the United States of America on the other — First — The Fort of Michilimackinac shall immediately be surrendered to the British Force — Granted — Second — The Garrison shall march out with the Honors of War, lay down their Arms and become Prisoners of War, and Shall be Sent to the United States of America by His Britannic Majesty, not to Serve in this War until regularly exchanged, ^ Another copy of these articles is to he found in Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 190. It is not attested by Brock, and differs from the one here given in that after articles one and two the word 'granted' does not appear; the American officer's signature reads 'Lieut' Hanks — not P. Hankes, &c.; and in article four the last clause runs 'as far as in my power.' 61 CANADIA.N AKCIUVES and for the due performance of this Article the Officers pledge their Word and Honor-— Granted. Third — All the Merchant Vessels in the Harbour, with their Cargoes Shall he in the possession of their respective Owners. Fourth — Private projierty Shall be held Sacred :is far as it is in my power. Fifth — All Citizens of the United States, who shall not take the Oath of allegiance to His Britannic Majesty, Shall depart with their property from the Island in One Month from the date hereof — (Signed) Chaeles Kobbets Captain Commanding His Britannic Majesty's Forces — (Signed) P. Hankes Lieutenant Commanding the Forces of the United States — Fort ]\Iichilimaelcinac- True Copy Isaac Beock M. G' SUPPLEMENT TO THE ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION SIGNED ON THE 17th JULT.i (Historical Register of United States, 1812-lS; 2 ed., Phila- delphia, 18U; Vol. II, p. S3.) The captains and crews of the vessels Erie and Freegoodivill shall be included under the second article not to serve until regularly exchanged, for which the officers shall pledge their word and- honour- Fort MicJiilimachinac, 11th July, 1812. CuAELES EOBEETS^ Capt. commanding the Forces of his Britanic majesty, Granted, F. Hanks, Lieut, commanding the United States' forces. 1 The supplementary article/as given in ' Beport of the Trial of Gen- eral Hull,' A pp. 11. p. 23, bears the date July 23, 1812. SUEEENDEB OE DETEOIT 65 OAPTAIN ROBERTS TO COLONEL BAYNES. (Canadian Archives, G 676, p. 18S.) Fort Michilimackinac 17 July 1812 Sir, On the 15"^ instant I received Letters by Express from Major General Brock -with orders to adopt tlxe most prudent measures either of offence or defence which circumstances might point out, and having received intelligence from the hest information that large reinforcements were daily expected to \e. thrown into this Garrison, and finding that the Indians who had been collected would soon have abandoned me if I had not made the attempt, with the thorough conviction that my situa- tion at S'. Josephs was totally indefensible/ I determined to lose no time in making the meditated attack on this Tort On the sixteenth at Ten oclock in the morning I embarked my few men with about one hundred and eighty Canadian Engagees half of them v^ithout Arms about three hundred Indians,^ and two Iron six pounders, the boats arrived without ihe smallest accident at the place of Rendezvous at three oClock the following morning — ^by the exertions of the Canadians one oi the Guns was brought up to a height commanding the Gar- rison and ready to act about Ten Oclock, a summons was then sent in a Copy of which as well as of the Capitulation which followed, I have the Honor to enclose at twelve the American ■Colours were hauled down and those of His Majesty's were hoisted — A Committee has been appointed to examine into the State of the Public Stores. Inclosed also are Eeturns^ of the Ordnance and Military Stores found in the Fort, and the Strength of the Garrison. The greatest praize is due to every Individual employed in this Expedition to my own Officers I am indebted in particular for their active assistance in carry- ing all my orders into effect The Indians are flocking in from all quarters but in a few weeks I shall be left in a great measure to my own resources, and I trust His Excellency the Governor General will see the necessity of adding to my force, 1 For report on Fort St. Joseph, see p. 26. , , p tt i 2 For the number of Indians in this engagement, see despatch ot Hanks to Hull, p. 67; also observations of T. Pothier, p. 214. For the different tribes, see Askin to Glaus, p. 67. » , . /-t j- 5 A return of ordnance, ammunition and stores is found in Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 186; also in C 688 A, p. m A TetuMi of proTLsions is found on p'. 161 of the last-named volume. The monthly return of tte garrison for June, giving 62 as the full strength, is found in C 676, p. 189. 17804^5 66 CANADIAN ARCHIVES CAPTAIN ROBERTS TO MAJOR-GENEKAL BROCK. (Canadian ArcUves, 676, p. 2S2.) Copy/ Fort of Michilimackinac 17 July 1812. I had the honor to receive Your letter dated the 4'*" of July, on the 15"' inst. and foreseeing that I should soon be abandoned by the Indians whose minds had been prepared for hostilities, if 1 did not immediately employ them, and also that the moment so favorable for making an attack upon this place so highly important at the present Crisis might soon be lost, — I embarked on the morning of the 16* with Two of the Six pounders and every Man I could muster, and at Ten o'- clock the Signal being made we were immediately under weigh. By the almost unparralleled exertions of the Canadians who manned the Boats, we arrived at the place of Rendezvous at 3 oclock the following morning. One of these unwieldly Guns was brought up with much difficulty to the Heights above the Fort and in readiness to open about Ten oclock at which time a Summons was sent in and the Capitulation, a Copy of which I have the honor to enclose, was soon after agreed upon. — I took immediate pos- pession of the Fort, and displayed the British Colours. — It is a circumstance I believe without precedent, and demands the greatest praise for all those who conducted the Indians, that although these people's minds wore much heated, yet as soon as they heard the Capitulation was signed they all returned to their Canoes, and not one drop either of Man's or Animal's Blood was Spilt, till I gave an Order for a certain number of Bullocks to be purchased for them — I have not yet been able to obtain returns of the Stores here — ^they shall be forwarded by the earliest opportunity — I cannot conclude this Letter without expressing my warmest thanks to my own Officers — to the Gentlemen of S* Joseph's and S' Mary's, and to every individual engaged in this Service. I trust, Sir, in thus acting I have not exceeded Your Instruc- tions, for be assured that prudential measures of the first ne^'efesity demanded the Step which has put me in possession of this Island. SUERENDEE OF DETROIT 67 JOHN ASKIN. JR., i TO COLONEL WILLIAM GLAUS. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. SOI.) Copy/ Michilimaekinac 18"" July 1812 Dear Sir, I am happy to have it in my power to announce to you that Fort Michilimaekinac Capitulated ■ to us on the 17"' ins' at 11 o'clock A.M. — Capt" Roberts at our head with a part of the 10'" R. \'. Battalion, M"^ Crawford had the Command of the Canadians which Consisted of about 200 men. M' Dixon 113 Sie(o)ux. Follavoines & Waynebegoes — ^myself about 280 men. — Ottawas & Chippawas— Part of the Ottawas of L'harbre Croche had not arrived. — It was a fortunate circumstance that the Fort Capitulated without firing a Single Gun, for had they done so, I firmly believe not a Soul of them would have been Saved. — ^My Son, Charles Langlade, Augustine ISTolin, iV jMichello Cadotte Jun' have rendered me great Services iu keeping the Indians in order, & executing from time to time such Commands as were deliveired to me by the Commanding Officer." — I never saw so determined a Set of people as the Chippawas & Ottawas were. Since th# Capitulation tliey liave not drunk a single drop of Liquor, nor even killed a fowl belonging to any person (a thing never known before) for they generally destroy every thing they meet with. LIEUT. PORTER HANKS 2 TO BRIG.-GENERAL HULL. (EXTRACT.) (Report of Trial of General Hull, App. IT, p. 21.) Detroit, 4"' August, 1812. Sir — I take the earliest opportunity to acquaint your excel- lence of the surrender of Michillimackinae, under my command to His Britannic ma;jesty's forces under the command of Captain Charles Roberts, on the 17th ult — ^the particulars of which are as follows : — On the 16th I was informed by the Indian interpreiter, that he had discovered from an Indian that the several nations of Indians then at St. Joseph, (a 1 John Askin. junior, an elder half brother of Charles Askin, store- keeper in the Indian Department at the island of St. Joseph; promoted captain in 1811. 2 Lieutenant Porter Hanks of the United States Artillery was killed by a round shot at Detroit on the mornins of Aug:ust 16, 1812. 17804^5^ 68 " CANADIAN AECHIVES British garrison, distance forty-five miles) intended to make an immediate attack on Michillimackinac. I was inclined, from the coolness I had discovered in some of the principal chiefs of the Ottawa and Chippawa nations, who had but a few days before professed Ihe greatest friendship for the United States, to place confidence ) n this report. I immediately called a meeting of the/ American gentlemen at that time on the island, in which it was thought proper to dispatch a confidential person to St- Joseph to watch the motions of the Indians. Capt. Daurman, of the Militia was thought the most suitable for this service. He embarked about sunset and met the British forces within ten or fifteen miles of the island, by T^'hom he was made prisoner and put on his parole of honor. He was landed on the island at day-break, with positive direc- tions to give me no intelligence whatever. He was also in- structed to take the inhabitants of the village indiscriminately to a place on the west side of the island, where their persons and property should be protected by a British guard; but should they go to the fort, they would be subject to a general massacre by the savages, which would be ineivitable if the gar- rison fired a gun. This information I received from Doctor Day, who was passing through the village when every person was fiying for refuge to the enemy. Immediately on being informed of the approach of the enemy, I placed ammunition, ■&C. in the block-houses; ordered every gun charged, and made every preparation for action. About 9 o'clock I could discover that the enemy were in possession of the heights that com- manded the fort, and one piece of their artillery directed to the most defenceless part of the garrison. The Indians at this time were to be seen In great numbers in the edge of the woods. At half past 11 o'clock, the enemy sent in. a flag of truce, demanding a surrender of the fort and island to his Britannic Majesty's forces. This, Sir, was the first intimation I had of the declaration of war; \, however, had anticipated It and was as well prepared to meet such an event as I possibly could have been with the force under my command, amounting to fifty-seven effective men, including officers. Three American gentlemen, who were prisoners, were permitted to accompany the flag: from them I ascertained the strength of the enemy to be from nine hundred to one thousand strong, consisting of regular troops, Canadians and savages; that they had two pieces of artillery and were provided with ladders and ropes for the purpose of scaling the works If necessary. After I had obtained this Information, I consulted my officers and also the , SURRENDEE OF DETROIT 6& American gentlemen present, who were very intelligent men; the result of which was, that it was impossible for the garrison to hold out against such a superior force. In this opinion I fully concurred, from a conviction that it was the only measure that could prevent a general massacre. The fort and garrison were accordingly surrendered. The enclosed papers exhibit copies of the correspondence between the officer commanding the British forces and myself, and of the articles of capitulation. This subject involved questions of a peculiar nature; and I hope, Sir, that my de- mands and protests will meet the approbation of my govern- ment. I cannot allow this opportunity to escape without ex- pressing my obligations to Dr. Day for the service he rendered me in conducting this correspondence. In consequence of this unfortunate affair, I beg leave. Sir, to demand that a court of enquiry may bo ordered to investi- gate all the facts connected with it; and I do further request, that thei court may be speedily directed to express their opinion on the merits of the case- P.S. The following particulars relative to the British fcrce^ were obtained after the capitulation, from a source •that admits of no doubt: Eegular troops 46 (Including 4 officers;) Canadian militia 260 — Total 306. Savages — Sioux 56; Winnebagoes 48; Tallesawain (FoUes Avoines) 39 ; Ohippewas and Ottawas 5Y2 — ^savages 715, whites 306— Total 1021. It may also be remarked, that one hundred and fifty Chip- pewas and Ottawas joined the British, two days after the capitulation. BRIG-GENERAL HULL TO LTEUT.-COLONEL ST. GEORGE. (Canadian Archives, Q 118, p. 192.) C'opy/ Head Quarters of the North Western Army of the United States. Camp at Sandwich July 16* 1812. Sir, Among the Articles on Board the Boat commanded by Captain Chapin which was taken into Amherstburg, were a number of papers, which it is presumed will be of no service to the British Government, nor to the Commanding Officer ^ For fctrength of the British force, see Roberts to Baynes, July 17, p. 65. 70 CANADIAN ABCHIVES at Amlierstburg, nor to the Captors of the Boat — The papers have undoubtedly undergone an examination before this time, and the bearer Capt° Brown of the 4* TJ. S. Regiment of Infantry is authorized to receive them. I am anxious to learn your determination relative to the private Apparel and Baggage taken in the Boat, and belong- ing to Officers and Men, who were not on board at the time of the Capture. You have already reciprocated the sentiment that private property should be considered Sacred : indeed it will operate to the advantage of Canada that it shoiM be so considered. I have it in my power to retaliate signally any aggression on such property, or to avenge an unjust delay in the restitu- tion of it. N°2. Enclosure in Sir G. Prevost's N° 3 Aug' IT* 1812. LIEUT.-COLONEL ST. GEORGE TO BRIG.-GENEEAL HULL. (Canadian Archives, Q 118, p. 19 J/.) Amherstburg 16*" July, 1812. Copy/ Sir, I was honoured -with your favor by Capt" Brown — AVith reepect to the papers taken in the Schooner, they have upon examination, almost without exception, proved to be public Documents, the few of a private nature that may be amongst them, it would cause considerable trouble to select, more indeed than the Officer Avhom I have entrusted with the examination can at present spare. As to private property, I beg to refer you to my answer to your former letter, I can add nothing to M'hat I have ex- l^ress'd further than that I have not as yet heard the deter- mination of my Government on the subject. I regret to find in Your Excellencv's letter, the words " retaliation & avenge " — You must be aware, Sir, that retal- iation can be carried to a great degree on both sides 'till tliere is no saying where it will sto]). I hope that for both our sakes, that I shall be as little obliged to use the means in my power as you those in yours. N° 3. Enclosure in Sir G. Prevost's N° 3. Aug* 17"\ 1812. SUEEENDER OF DETROIT 71 LIEUT.-COLONEL CASS TO BRIG.-GENEEAL HULL. (Historical Register of the United States, 1812-18; :i ed., Philadelphia, lSlJ^; Vol. II., p. 39.) Sandivich, Upper Canada, July 17, ISli*. Sir, in conformity with your instructions, I proceeded witli a detachment of 280 men, to reconnoitre the enemy's advanced posts. We found them in possession of a bridge over the river aux Canards, at the distance of four miles from Maiden. After examining their position, I left one company of riflemen, to cojiceal themselves near the bridge, and upon our appearance on the opposite side of the river, to commence firing, in order to divert their attention, and to throw them into confusion. T then proceeded with the remainder of the force about five miles, to a ford over the river aux Canards and down on the southern bank of the river. About sunset we arrived within sight of the enemy. Being entirely destitute of guides', we marched too near the bank of the river, and found our progress checked by a creek, which was then impassable. We were then compelled to march up a mile, in order to effect a passage over the creek. This gave the enemy time to make their arrangements, and prepare for their defence. On coming down the creek wc found them formed ; they commenced a distant fire of musqnetrv. The riflemen of the detachment were formed upon the wings, and the two companies of in- fantry in the centre. The men moved on with great spirit and alacrity. After the first discharge the British retreated — we continued advancing. Three times they formed, and as often retreated. We drove them about half a mile, when it became so dark that we were obliged to relinquish the pursuit. Two privates in the 41st regiment were wounded and taken prisoners. We learn from deserters, that nine or ten were wounded, and some killed. We could gain no precise infor- mation of the numiber opnosed to us. It consisted of a con- siderable detachment from the 41st regiment, some militia, and a body of Indians. The guard at the bridge consisted of 50 men. Our riflemen stationed on this side the river anx Canards, discovered the enemy reinforcing them duriug tlie whole afternoon. There is no doubt but their number cor & 72 CANADIAN ARCHIVES siderably exceeded ours. Lieutenant-colonel Miller^ conducted in the most spirited and able manner. 'I have every reason to be satisfied with the conduct of the whole detachment. BEIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE SIX NATIONS. (New Yorlc Gazette, August 20th, 1812.) Sandwich, July 18, 1812. My Brethern of the Six Nations:! — ■ The powerful army under my command is now in posses- sion of Canada. To you who are friendly it will afford safety and protection. All your lands and all your rights of every kind will be guaranteed to you if you will take no part against us. I salute you in friendship and hope you will now act such a part as will pi-omote your interest, your safety and happi- ness. May the Great Spirit guide you in person. WM. HULL, Governor of the Territory of Michigan and Commander of the Northwestern Army of the United States. MR. MACKENZIE AT FORT WILLIAM TO MR. DUNCAN MACKIN- TOSH 2 AT SANDWICH— DATED JULY 19th. (EXTRACT.) (Report of the Trial of General Hull; New York, 18H; App. I, p. 47.; The declaration of war reached us on the 16th instant, but we are neither astonished or alarmed. Our agents ordered 1 James Miller was born at Peterborough, New Hampshire, April 25, 1776. He studied law and was admitted to practice. In 1808 on the augmentation of the United States army he was commissioned as maiojr of the 4th Regiment of Infantry. He was promoted to ibe lieutenant -colonel in 1810, and was present at the action with the Indians at Tippecanoe. He was promoted to the rank of brevet colonel tor good seirvioes in' Au-i gust, 1812, before the surrender of Detroit was known at Washington. In May, 1814, he was appointed colonel of the 21st United States Infantry and served with distinction in the actions at Chippawa, Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie. He was breveted a brigadier-general and presented with a gold medal by Congress in recognition of his gallantry in leading^ an. assault on the British position at Lundy's Lane on the evening of July 25, 1814. In 1819, he was appointed governor of the newly created terri- tory of Arkansas and held that office until 1825, when he was appointed collector of the port of Salem, Massachusetts. He died at- Temple, New Hampshire, July 7, 1851. 2 Son of Honourable Angus Mcintosh of Moy, Hudson Bay Co. agent. SUEEENDER OF DETEOIT 73 a general muster, which amounted to 1200, exclusive of several hundred of the natives. We are now equal in all to 1600 or 1700 strong. One of our gentlemen started on the lYth with several light canoes, for the interior country, to rouse the natives to activity, which is not hard to do, on the present occasion. We likewise despatched messengers in all directions with the news. I have not the least doubt but our force will, in ten days hence, amount to at least five thousand effective men. Our young gentlemen and- engagees offered most hand- somely to march immediately for Michilimackinac. Our chief 'lir. Shaw^ expressed his gratitude, and drafted one hundred — ^They are to proceed this evening for St. Joseph's. He takes about as many Indians: — could the vessel contain them, he migth have had four thousand more. It now depends on what accounts we receive from St. Joseph's, whether these numerous tribes from the interior will proceed to St. Joseph's or not. MAJOR-GENEEAL BROCK TO SIR GEORGE PREVOST. (Canadian Archives, 676, p. 203.) Fort George July 20* 1812 Sir, My last to Your Excellency was dated the 12 Instant, since which nothing extraordinary has occurred on this com- munication — The enemy has evidently diminished his force, and appears to have no intention of making an immediate attack — I have herewith the honor of enclosing the Copy of two letters which I have received from L' Colonel S' George, together with some interesting documents found on board a schooner which the boats of the Hunter Captured on her voyage from the Meamie to Detroit From the accompanying official correspondence between General Hull and the Secretary at War it appears that the collected force which has arrived at Detroit amounts to about two thousand I have requested Colonel Procter to proceed to Amherst- burg, and ascertain accurately the state of things In that ^ Angus Shaw, a partner of the North West Company, and afterwards major in the corps of Canadian Voyageurs raised by the company in October 1812. 74 CANADIAN ARCHIVES quarter— I liad every inclination to go there myself, but the meeting of the Legislature on the 27**^ renders it impossible I receive this moment a dispatch dated the 15" Ins from L' Colonel S* George giving an account of the enemy having landed on the 12* and immediately after occupying the village of Sandwich— It is strange that three days should be allowed to elapse before sending to acquaint me of this important fact I had no idea until I received L' Colonel^ S George's letter a few days ago that General Hull was advancing with sucli a large force The Militia from every account behaved very ill — The oflicers appear the most in fault. Colonel Proctor^ will probably reach Amherstburg in the course of tomorrow — I have great dependance in that Officers decision, but fear he will arrive too late to be of much service — The enemy was not likely to delay attacking a force that had allowed him to cross the river in open day without firing a shot The position which L* Colonel S' George occupied is very good, and infinitely more formidable than the Fort itself — Should he therefore b^ compelled to retire I know of no other alternative than embarking in the King's vessels — and pro- ceeding to Fort Erie — Were it possible to animate the Militia to a proper sense of their duty something might yet be done, but I almost des- pair — Your Excellency will readily perceive the critical situation in which the reduction of Amherstburg is sure to place me — I do not imagine General Hull will be able to detach more than one thousand Men, but even with that trifling force I fear lie will succeed in getting to my rear The j\Iilitia will not act without a strong Regular force to set them the example, and 'Henry Procter was born in 1763; and commissioned as ensign in the .43rd Regiment of Foot on April 5, 1789; promoted to be lieutenant in December, 1791; captain, NoTember 30, 1792; major, 1795; lieutenant-colonel in the 41st, October 9, 1800; colonel, July 25, 1810. He took over the com- mand of the Western District and the Right Division of the forces in Upper Canada on the departure of Brock, and defeated General Win- chester at Fr-enchtovvii on t he river Raisin, January 22, 1813. He was granted the local rank of brigadier-general February 8, 1813. He defeated an attempt by General Clay to raise the siege of Fort Meigs, May 5, 1813, but failed to capture that post. He was promoted to be major-general, June 4, 1813. The disastrous result of the naval action on lake Erie, September 10, 1813, forced him to abandon Detroit and Amherstburg, and the small force under his command was overtaken and defeated bv General Harrison at Moraviantown, October 5, 1813. He was tried by court-martial and suspended from rank and pay for six months for negligence during the retreat. He died at Bath, England, October 31, 1822. SUEEENDEE OF DBTEOIT 75 as I must now expect to be seriously threatened from the opposite shore, I cannot, in prudence, make strong detach- ments, which would not only weaken my line of defence, but in the event of a retreat endanger their safety — I have never, as Your Excellency has doubtless noticed, been very sanguine in my hopes of assistance -from the Militia, and I am now given to understand that General Hull's insi- dious proclamation, herewith enclosed, has already been pro- ductive of considerable effect on the minds of the people — In fact a general sentiment prevails that with the present force resistance is unavailing I shall continue to exert myself to the utmost to overcome every diiScultv — Should however tha Communication between Kingston and Montreal be cut off the fate of the troops in this part of the Province will be decided — I now express my apprehensions on a supposition t^at the slender means Your Excellency possesses will not admit of diminution, consequently that I cannot look for re-inforce- ments The enemy evidently has no intention at present of pene- trating into the Province \y this Strait — He seems much more inclined to work on the flanlcs— After they are secured little will remain for him to do — The last official communication^ from the Ldwer Province"" is dated the 25 Ult° The adjutant General then announced the receipt of intelligence by a Mercantile house of war being declared by the United States against Great Britain, I need not entreat Your Excellency to honor me with your commands with as little delay as possible — I consider every moment ex- ceedingly precious — EXTEACTS PROM AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS, AUGUST, 18)2. From the " Neiv York Oazeite/"'' 5lh August, 1812. Letters from Detroit of the 14th July say : — " The Cana- dian militia are deserting from Maiden in large parties; sixty in one body on receiving the proclamation repoi'ted themselves to the General and retired to their farms. " The American flag waving on both sides of the river has astonished the natives and they are retiring to their villages and already holding councils to advise the Indians to remain ? ~ — ~ — ■ ''- See despatch of Adjutant Baynes to Captain Roberts, p. 37. 76 CANADIAN AECHIVES aeutral. The General has promised us a trip to Maiden after which we shall detach a small party of our friends to Michili- mackinac and I hope Dursue our march down Lake Erie through several pleasing little settlements. " The General is determined to adhere religiously to his proclamation and hold as sacred all the property of individuals. The citizens of Canada, for I already hail the peninsula of the lakes as a state, appear satisfied with our visit." From the "New York Gazette," 12th August, 1812. A letter from Detroit dated July 28th states:— "On Sat- urday last a scouting party of about one hundred men went down towards Maiden and when arrived near the Canard, they got into a scrape with about the same number of Indians. A variety of manoeuvres took place between the contending par- ties, each endeavoring to gain the most advantageous positions, small parties branching out from each and almost continual firing for nearly three hours when our men retired with the loss of 4 men killed, 1 wounded, and 1 taken prisoner. The Indians lost from 10 to 12 killed, the scalp of one of them I have seen. Had it not been for the dastardly conduct of the drafted Ohio militia v^ho composed one half of the party and who took to their heels when thev evidently had the advantage, the whole of the Indians would have been either killed or taken. The ofiicers endeavored to rally them and said they would be fired at by their own party if they did not stand. They replied that they would rather be killed by them than l)y the damned Indians." From the " Federal BepuhliCan " of Oeorgetown, DC, 2J,th August, 1812. Extract from a letter from Captain Ulery,^ dated at Sand- wich, July 26. "We have had four engagements with the Indians and Brit- ish — the first time beat them back and took the ground. The other three times we had to retreat without the loss of a man, only two slightly wounded, one out of Capt. Erazer'si company, the other out of Capt. Cunningham's. Yesterday we had an engagement with a few of our men under Major James Denny, particularly with the Indians but had to leave the ground with the loss of three men out of our regiment." 1 Captain TJIery was killed at Brownstown. See p. 126. STJBEEJSTDEE OF DETEOlT 77 From the "National Intelligencer" of Washington, D.C. Extract from a letter from B. F. Stickney, Indian Agent to John Johnson, Agent for Indian Affairs, dated at Fort Wayne, July 20, 1812. "The Prophet came here a week ago with 60 Kickapoos,, 20 Winebagoes, and 12 Shawanese who are still here. They said they had been invited to take the tomahawk by the British but refused and made sstrong professions of friendship for the Americans. " I have' been informed this morning that an Indian has been sent out from Maiden in the forepart of last week with a belt of wampum three feet wide and six feet long (painted red as an emblem of war) as the dernier resort to rouse the Indians to take up the tomahawk. The bearer of this great Tjelt is instructed among other things to advise the Indians not to attend the council at Piqua, that it is a contrivance of the United States to lead all the men from home and then fall upon their women and children and destroy their towns. " They call the belt the King's Great Broad Axe and that it is to cut down all before it. Some friendly Indians are now in pursuit of the war-belt to stop it. " I have invited the Prophet to attend the council at Piqua and he has promised not only to go but to send to Maiden for Tecumseh to go and stand by his side." From the " Federal Repuhlican '' of Georgetown, D.C. Extract from a letter from Fort Wayne to Major William Kuffin, dated 27th July, 1812. " The Prophet and party consisting of 70 Kickapoos, 20 Winebagoes, 12 Shawanese, and two Piankishaws arrived here •on a visit to see their new and good father as they call him. " The Prophet held out pacific doctrine to the agent, dis- claiming everything like hostilities to his white brethern. He requested the agent to nay no attention to news of a contrary import as it might interrupt his great and good intentions to maintain peace. Yet while he was lulling the agent into a "belief of the rjpctitude of his heart, two Indians arrived from Tecumseh who is at Maiden and has espoused the cause of the British with speeches to be circulated among the Indians, want- ing them to be united for the purpose of assisting him in behalf of the British. Accordingly two young men of the Kickapoo tribe were despatched from this place bv the Prophet to liis town to further the plan. In order to facilitate the business. 78 CANADIAN AECHIVES they stole two horses from Captain Wells, the most valuable in the country. The two Indians that came from Maiden stole a horse in the neighbourhood of the Eiver Eaisin which gave out a few miles below this place. Two days after the Prophet despatched those two young men to his village, he and his party left here, which was the 22nd." BEIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Defence of General Dearhorn. ly II. A. 8. Dearborn; p. 11.) ■ Headquarters of the Northwestern Army, Sandwich. July 21, 1812. Sir:— When I marched from Urhana, I proposed a general coun- cil of the Indians at Brownstown to be held the beginning of this month. I have held frequent councils with the chiefs and my proposition to them was neutrality. I have just received the result of the council of nine nations counting the Six Nations as one. The nations are the Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawatomies, Delawares, Wyandots, Munsies, some Kickapoos, Six (Sioux?) and the Six Nations. Tarhe or the Crane, Miere or Walk-in-the-water, Blackhoof, Col. Lewis and Wolf have made great exertions to detach the Indians from the British standard. At the close of the coimcil they sent speeches to all the nations informing them of the result. I have now informed them they must proceed immediately to the grand council at Piqua. Tecumseh and Marpot are the only chiefs of consequence remaining with the British. CAPTAIN WILLIAM WELLS i TO GOVERNOR HARRISON. (Historical Narrative of the Civil and Military Services of Major-General Wm. H. Harrison, by Moses Daivson; Cincinnati, 188Jf; p. 278.) Fort Wayne, July 22, 1812. Sir, I consider it a duty that I owe to my country, particularly to the inhabitants of Vincennes, to make the following state- 1 Captain William Wells -nas born in 1770 in Kentucky. When 12 years old he was. taken prisoner by the Miamis Indians, and adopted as a son of Chief Little Turtle. In 1790 he de-ierted them and beeamB a captain of scouts in Wayne's army. In 1795 when peace was made he became an Indian agent and a justice of the peace. See also letter of Captain Heald to Secretary of War, p. 225. SURRENDER OF DETROIT Y9 ment to you. On the I7tli Jxme, Tecumseli arrived at this place, and said he was on his Avay to Maiden, to receive from 'the British government twelve horse loads of ammunition, for the use of his people at Tippecanoe. He went on to Maiden and arrived at that place a few days before general Hull with his army arrived at Detroit, and immediately de- clared that he would join the British against the United States. On the 12th instant, his brother the Prophet arrived at this place, with nearly one hundred Winebagoes and Kicka- poos, who have ever since been amusing the Indian agent at this place Avith professions of friendship, and it is now evident that he has completely duped the agent, who has suffered him to take the lead in all his councils with the Indians, giving him ammunition, &c. to suj)port his followers until they can receive a supply from Tecumseh. On the 19th instant an express arrived in the prophet's camp from Tecumseh. In order that it should make the better speed, the express stole a horse from some of the inhabitants of the river Eaisin, and rode night and day. The horse gave out within twenty miles of this place. This express was directed by Tecumseh to tell the proi^het to unite the Indians immediately, and send their women and children toward the Mississippi, while the warriors should strike a heavy blow at the inhabitants of Vincennes; that he, Tecumseh, if he lived, would join him in the country of the Winebagoes. The prophet found no difficulty in keeping this information to himself and one or two of his confidential followers, and forming a story to suit the palate of the agent here; and on the 20th instant, despatched two confidential Kickapoos to effect the objects Tecumseh had in view; in order that these Indians might make the better speed, they stole my two riding horses, and have gone to the westward at the rate of one hun- dred miles in twenty-four hours at least. To keep the agent blind to his movements, the prophet went early in the morning yesterday, and told the agent that two of his had young men were missing, and that he feared they had stole some horses; the agent found no difficulty in swallowing the bait offered liim, and applauded the prophet for his honesty in telling of his bad men, as he called them, stealing my horses. To keep up appearances, the prophet has this morning despatched two men on foot, as he tells the agent, to bring back my horses, &c. And that he and all his party will cer- 80 CANADIAN AKCHIVES tainly attend, the commissioner of tlie United States next month at Piqua. This he will do, if he Andsi he cannot raise the western Indians against the United States ; but if he finds the western Indians will join him, you, may rely on it, he will strike a heavy blow, as Tecumseh says, against the whites in- that quarter. You may rely on the correctness of this statement, as I received information relative to the views of Tecumseh, last night, from a quarter that cannot be doubted ; the conduct of the agent towards the prophet I have been an eye witness to. I send this letter by an Indian to fort Harrison, and hope you will authorize me to pay him twelve dollars- General Hull is now in Sandwich, with his army: I heard from him last night. It is believed that the British will make little or no defence in Maiden. The Indians have all, with the excep- tion of Tecumseh and about one hundred, abandoned the British : it is supposed that Maiden has surrendered to general Hull before this time. P.S. The prophet and his party leave this to-day for Tippecanoe. I have no reason to believe that he has sent after my horses. He will remain at his village tmtil he knows the intentions of the western Indians; if they wont join him, he will then go and endeavor to save himself by pretensions of peace to the commissioners at Piqua. BEIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE SBCUETART OF WAR. {Report of the Trial of General Hull; New Yorlc, 181J^; App. 11, p. 10.) Detroit, July 22d, (1'812), 5 o'clock A.M. Sir — ^yesterday afternoon I passed over to this place with Lieutenant Colonel Miller and one battalion of the 4th regi- ment, for the purpose of accelerating the preparations for the siege of Maiden. I find that entirely new carriages must be built for the 24 pounders and mortars; it will require at least two weeks to make the necessary preparations; it is in the power of this army to take Maiden by storm, but it would be attended, 111 my opinion, with too great a sacrifice under the present cir- cumstances. SUEEENDEE OF DETROIT 81 I am making preparations for an attempt on the " Queen Charlotte." If Maiden was in our possession I could march this army to Niagara or York in a very short time. PROCLAMATION OF MAJOR-GENERAL BROCIC. (Canadian Archives, Q 315, p. 152.) PEOCLAMATION. The unprovoked declaration of War, by the United States of America, against the United Kingdom, of Great Britain and Ireland, and its dependencies, has heen follovced by the actual invasion of this Province in a remote Frontier of the Western District by a detachment of the Armed Force of the United States. The Officer commanding that detachment has thought proper to invite his Majesty's subjects not merely to a quiet and unresisting submission, but insults them with a call to seek voluntarily the protection of *his Government. Without condescending to repeat the illiberal epithets be- stowed in this appeal of the American Commander to the People of Upper Canada, on the Administration of his Majesty, every Inhabitant of the Province is desired to seek the confutation of such indecent slander in the review of his own particular circumstances: where is the Canadian Subject who can truly affirm to himself that he has been injured by the Government in his person, his liberty, or his property? Where is to be found in any part of the world, a growth so rapid in wealth and prosperity as this Colony exhibits, — settled not thirty years by a band of Veterans exiled from their former possessions on account of their loyalty, not a descen- dant of these brave people is to be found, who under the fostering liberality of their Sovereign, has not • acquired a property and means of enjoyment superior to what were possessed by their ancestors. This unequalled prosperity could not have been attained by the utmost liberality of the Government or the persevering industry of the people, had not the maritime power of the mother Country secured to its Colonists a safe access to every market where the produce of their labor was in demand. The unavoidable and immediate consequence of a sepera- tion from Great Britain, must be the loss of this inestimable 17804—6 82 CAX^U)IAN ARCHIVES advantage, and what is offered you in exchange? to become a territory of the United States and share with them that ex- clusion frona the Ooean, which the policy of their present Government enforces. — you are not even flattered with a par- ticipation of their boasted indei^endence, and it is but too obvious that once exchanged (estranged) from the powerful protection of the United Kingdom you must be reannexed to the dominion of France, from which the Provinces of Canada were wrested by the Arms of Great Britain, at a vast expense of blood and treasure, from no other motive than to relieve her ungrateful children from the oppresion of a cruel neighbor: this restitution of Canada to the Empire of France was the stipulated reward for the aid afforded to the revolted Colonies, now the United States; the debt is still due, and there can be no doubt but the pledge has been i-enewed as a consideration for Commercial Advantages, or rather for an expected relaxa- tion in the Tyranny of France over the Commercial World. — ■ Are you prepared Inhabitants of Upner Canada to become willing subjects ov rather slaves to the Despot who rules the nations of Europe with a rod of Iron ? If not, arise in a Body, exert your energies, co-operate cordially with the King's regular Forces to repel the invader, and do not give cause to- jour children when groaning under the oppression of a foreign Master to reproach yo)i with having too easily parted ^vith the richest Inheritance on Earth. — a participation in th(e name, character and freedom of Britons. The same spirit of Justice, which will make every reason- able allowance fur the xmsuccessful efforts of Zeal and Loyalty,, will not fail to punish the defalcation of principle; every Canadian Freeliolder is by deliberate choice, bound by the most solemn Oaths to defend the Monarchy as well as his own property; to slirink from tliat engagement is a Treason not to be forgiven; lei no ]\Ian suppose that if in this unexpected struggle his ^[ajesties Arms should be compelled to yield to- an overwhelming force, that the Province will be eventually abandoned; the endeared relations of its first settlers, the in- trinsic value of its Commerce and the ])retensions of its power- ful ri\al lo re])Ossess the Canadas are pledges that no peace will be ('stal)lished between the United States and Great Britain and Ireland, of which the restoration of these Pro- vinces does not make the most prominent condition. Be not dismayed at the unjustifiable threat of the Com- mander of tlif Enemies forces to refuse quarter if an Indian SUEEIiNDER OF DBTKOIT 83 appear in the Eanks. — The brave bands of ISTatives which inhabit this Colony, were, like his Majesty's Subjects, pun- ished for their zeal and fidelity by the loss of their possessions in the late Colonies, and rewarded by his Majesty with lands of superior value in this Province: the Faith of the British Government has never yet been violated, they feel that the soil they inherit is to them and their posterity protected from the base Arts so frequently devised to over reach their simplicity. By what new principle are they to be prevented from defend- ing their property? If their AVarfare from being different from that of tlie white people is more terrific to the Enemy, let hini retrace his steps — they seek him not — and cannot expect to find women and children in an invading army; but they are men, and have equal rights with all other men i/o defend themselves and their property when invaded, more especially when they find in the enemies Camp a ferocious and mortal foe using the same Warfare which the American Com- mander affects to reprobate- This inconsistent and unjustifiable threat of refusing quarter for such a cause as being found in Arms with a brother sufferer in defence of invaded rights, must be exercised with the certain agsurance of retaliation, not only in the limited operations of War in this part of the King's Dominions but in every quarter of the globe, for the National character of Britain is not less distinguished for humanity than strict retributive Justice, which will consider the execution of this inhuman threat a^ deliberate murder, for which every subject of the offending power must make expiation. ISAAC BBOCK, Maj. Gen. and President GOD SAVE THE KIN^G. Head Quarters Fort George 22"^ July, 1812. By order of His Honor the President J. B. Glegg, Capt. A.D.C. i7-flt-(;j 84 CANADIAN ARCHIVES MILITIA GENERAL ORDEES. fProm an Order Booh of Lt.-Colonel JoTin Macdonell.) Headquarters, Fort George, 22d July, 1812. Militia Genl. Orders. Oolonel Talbot^ will make detachments from the First and Second Norfolk and Oxford and Middlesex Eegiments of Militia to consist together of two hundred men with a pro- portionate number of lofficers, the whole to be placed under the command of Major Salmon^ of the Second Regiment of Norfolk Militia. This detachment will be assembled as soon as possible in as complete a state as circumstances will admit for service. Major Salmon will proceed with this force to the Moravian Town on the River Thames where he will await the arrival of Major Chambers^ under whose commtind he will place himself. By order of the Major-General, J. Macdonell, P.A.D.C* * Thomas Talbot, born at Malahide Castle near Dublin in Ireland, July 19, 1771, was appointed an ensign in the 66th Regiment of Foot, May 14, 1783 ; promoted to bo lieutenant in the 24th ReKimeut, December 28, 1787; captain in the 85th Regiment, November 21, -1793; major, March 6, 1794; lieutenant-colonel in the 5th Regiment, June 12, 1796; aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-GoTernor Simcoe, 1791-94; retired December 25, 1800. He settled at Port Talbot in Upper Canada, May 21, 1803, and began the set- tlement named after him. He was appointed lieutenant for the county of Middlesex in 1804; elected a member of the Legislative Assembly for Upper Canada in 1809; and made colonel of the 1st Regiment of Middlesex militia on Eebruarv 12, 1812. He died at London, Ontario, February 5, 1853. 2 Georjte C. Salmon, a native of England, was appointed major in the 2nd Regiment of Norfolk militia, February 13, 1812; on this occa- sion he commanded detachments of the 1st and 2nd Norfolk, 5th Lincoln and 2nd York. ' Peter Latouche Chambers was born in 1788 ; and commissioned as ensign in the 41st Regiment of Foot, June 21, 1803; promoted to be liexi- tenant, April 19, 1806, and captain. May 14, 1808. He was awarded a gold medal for his services at Detroit; and appointed deputy assistant quartermaster-general to the Right Division, February 14, 1813. He particularly distinguished himself by gallant conduct in a critical situa- tion in the action at the Miami river. May 5, 1813, but was taken prisoner at Moraviantown, October 5, 1815, and detained upwards of a year in captivity. He was granted the brevet rank of major, February 25, 1815; and substantive rank. May 3, 182.1. While leading a storming party in the assault of a stockade at Kemmendine in Burmah he received. a severe wound in the face from a spear. He was granted the Cross of the Bath, April 12, 1826, and promoted to be lieutenant-colonel com- manding the 41st Regiment, April 5, 1827. He died at Bangalore in Mysore, A\igust 29, 1828.— "He was a.n officer of the first order; an extra- SUEEENDER OF DETEOIT 85 CAPTAIN DANIEL SPRINGER' TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C 688A, p. H5.) Delaware SS* ("^) July 1812 Please your Honor, In Obedience to your letter of the 19''' Instant, not having a Sufficient number of Men about me, that I Could trust to assist in apprehending the persons mentioned in your Letter, T immediately Sent to L' Col.' Bostwick^ who was then in oxford, on the twenty Second He and Lieu' Merrit(t)^ Came down to delaware, and on the twenty third made an attempt to take Ebenezer (Allan) and Some others about him who had been about his house for Several days, but did not Suceed, they apprehended two persons, John Micks (Meeks) and one ordinary devotion to his regimeiit combined with a desperate valour being his ohi«f oharaot eristics." — Lomax, ' Mistory of the ilst Foot,' p. 372. * John Macdonell was born in Glengarry, Scotland, April 19, 1785. He studied law and was called to the bar of Upper Canada in Eastier term, 1808. He was appointed attorney-general, November 28, 1811 ; and elected a member of ■ the Legislative Assembly for the county of Glengarry at the general election of 1812. He was appointed a provincial aide-de-camp to Major-General Stock, April 15, 1812, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the militia. For his services in the expedition against Detroit he was awarded a gold medal. He died, October H, 1812, of wounds received in the action at Queenston the day before. ^ Daniel Springer was a native of Albany county, in the state of New York, who emigrated to Upper Canada in 1798. He was appointed captain of a flank comptoy of the 1st Middlesex militia, February 13, 1812. On January 31, 1814, he was taken prisoner at his home by a raid- ing party guided by Andrew Westbrook, arid carried off to Kentucky, but escaped in time to share in the battle of Lundy's Lane. 2 Henry Bostwlck was born in New Jersey in 1782. He studied law and was admitted to the bar of Up,p»6r Canada. Although a resident of the county of Norfolk he was selected by General Brock for the com- mand of the 1st Regiment of Oxford militia to which he was appointed with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, February 12, .1812. He commanded a detachment of the Norfolk militia in a successful attack on a band of marauders near the mouth of Nanticoke creek, November 13, 1813. He died at his residence in the township of Woodhouse, July 27, 1816. 8 William Hamilton Merritt, the son of Thomas Merritt, formerly ai ofacer in the Loyaiiet Corps of Queen'o Rangers, was born at Bedford in the state of New York, July 3, 1793. He became^ a resident of Upper Canada with his parents in 1796, and served through the war as an of&oer of the Provincial Dragoons. He was taken prisoner at Jjundy s Lane 1814 In 1824, he succeeded in forming a company for the con- =!triiction of the Welland Canal, of which be became manager and head agent. He was elected to represent the county of Haldimand m the T oti«lativn Assembly of Upper Canada, and held the seat until the union We provinee^. ^en II was elected lor the north ridvng of the rtdi^Sion 'ts rsidelit^nr "SZ^^l.VllXr^^s'Z- 86 "^ CANADIAN AECHIVES M'Clemings by name, on Suspicion of given Ebenezeir and his party notice, I Certify that the Suspicion is on good grounds, ihey are hired men tn one andrew Wes(t)brook^ of this place %vho has been with Some others of his men very intimit with Ebenezer alien Since his arival from Sandwich the Said Ebenezer Allan brought with him General Hulls Proclamation whom he did read to the people, on the nineteenth this west- brook and his men was at Ebenezer allans, and remained untill Some time in the evening, and I believe Converst with Simon Z Watson- who was then there as ap])Pars by every Circum- stance, this Wes(t)brook Publickly declare (d) that he would not take up arms against General HtiIIs force, that he had to(o) mueli at Stake, there, likewise was a petition in the TTauds of one of his hired men address (ed) to General Hull repre- senting myself to be a troublesome Person, that I was Con- tinually urging the Inhabitants to take up arms and defend themselves, that if Consistant to have me removed from aniung Ihem, this was given under oath this day by Mary Allan, this man who had the petition was one thomas Wescoat who is gone to the americans — and this andrew Wes(t) brook was heard to Say iiddressiiiii' liiuiself to another iievsnn that, Wc^eoat was ^ AndreTjf We^tbrook, a blacksmith, Residing' in the township of Dela- ware, was a comparatively recent immigrant trom the United States. An official return of persons in the London district who had joined the enemy, dated December 13, 1814, and signed by John Bostwick, sheriff of the district, states that he owned lands in the townships of Delaware, Oxford, Dorchester and Blenheim, and in the county of York. He made his escape to the United States, and during 1814 conducted many small raiding parties from Detroit into Upper Canada, whose chief object seems to have been to destroy the property of the loyial inhabitants and to disorganize the militia by capturing and carrying off the most active officers. Lieutenant-Colonels Burwell and Francis Baby, . assistant quarter- master-general of militia. Captains Brigham, Curtis and Springer were taken by these parties at different times. Thomas L. McKeuney in his book, entitled ' A Tour to the Lakes,' published in 1827, relates that he found Westbrook residing on lands granted him by the government of the United States in the neighbourhood of Fort Gratiot in Jiiehigan, and describes him as a large, red-haired, rough-featured man who Had been a noted partisan in the war with Great Britain. Major Richardson apparently selected him as the model for the character of Desborough in his novel. 'The Canadian Brothers.' " Simon Zelotes Watson was a land surveyor, and had been a justice of the peace in the district of Montreal in Lower Canada. In 1810 ne undertook to settle three hundred families from Lower Canada and the United States in the London district. Subsequently he had a bitter quarrel with Colonel Talbot over the terms of settlement, and as Talbot was supported by the government, he became hostile to it also. Tlie temporary or local rank of colonel or lieutenant-colonel was apparently conferred on him by General Hull, who seems to have been greatly im- pressed by his statements. He escaped capture w'nen Detroit was sur- rendered, and on August 20, 1813, was appointed topographical engineer with the rank of major in the army of the United States for Military District Xo. 8, which comprised the states of Kentucky and Ohio and the territories Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Missouri. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 87 not a fit Person to Conduct that business that he would Hang himself/ the proclamation of General Hull has Such an effect on the minds of the People that I dare not trust them on any occation whatever and Conceive myself in danger, the enemy is about two or three times a week within thirty miles of me, and Spyes Continualy among the People, — when the gard Stopt to refresh themselves Ebenezer Allan Came boldly up 1o them, and they made him a prisoner, Lieut. Merrit(t) took him and the two other persons into Custody, and promised to Deliver them Safe at niagara, I believe that It Can be proved that Ebenezer Allan and that Syrous Hullbird came in Com- pany with Simon Z Watson and one norton from the american "troops DEPOSITION OF ANNA BICROFT, (Canadian Archives^ C 688A, p. Ilf2.) L'pper Canada | Personally appeared before inc Duniel London district^ Springer Esquire one of his uiajesty.-. Justices of the peace in and for the Said District, anna bicroft, who maketh oath and Saith that on the night of the twenty Second Instant, (she) heard John meelcs and one M°Cleming3 Say that one burns (?) had told them that there was thre(e) flank Companys of British troops at McMillens and Saith that on the twentj^ third Instant at the breake of -day the Said John meeks and M^Clemings Came and got Some powder and ball from this deponent, and whent off, and further this deponent Saith not Sworn before me this 23'* Day of July 1812 Anna X r>iCEorT. Daniel Springer J.P DEPOSITION OP WILLIAM HAMILTON MEREITT. (Canadian Archives, C G88A, p. US.) ITjiper Canada I Personally appeared before mc Daniel London district^ Springer Esquire one of liis maicsry^; Justices of the peace in and for the Said district Lieu' Wil- liam !irerrit(t), Who maketh oath and Saith. thai on mcetiuu; John Meeks and one M°Cleming, and that they, immediately 88 CANADIAN AECHIVES on Seeing this deponent fled into the woods — and Saith that he took M'Clemings laying under a Log, and asked M^Clem- ing who was with him, he replied no body, this deponent told him, that it was no use to deceive him that he had Seep another man with him, the Said M'Cleming then replied, that the man had gone on the other Side of the road and in to the woods;, this deponent then asked him where he was going, answere'd to Williams, a little forwards, John Meeks was taken a little distance from M°Clemings, and this deponent asked him where he was going answered to M°Millens, this deponent, asked him what he was going there for, meeks made answer that he had heard there was a Company of Militia or horse, this deponent asked him Whither they were americans or brittish — and that he would not give him a decent answer and further this deponent Saith not Sworn before me this 23* day of July 18(1)2 W"\ H. :\Iereitt. Daniel Springer J.P ARCHIBALD McMILLEN TO ANDREW WESTBROOK. (Canadian Archives, G 688B, p. 9.) Friday 28* Aug* 1812 T>' friend I understand there are some of the guards in Delaware who are JDetermined to take me if possible in order to get the letter I have for you from your friend in Sandwich therefore I dare not be seen I wish you to meet me at the mouth of Aliens Cove at nine Oclock tomorrow morning I got a friend to slip this in the hand of the express for fear he should see me — as it will be much in your favour to Receive those letters of advice from your friend before you are taken — I have hopes you will Not fail to Meet me at the time & place appointed Arch'' M°Millen (Addressed) M' Andrew Was (t) brook Woods SL'KKENDEK OF DETROIT 89 DEPOSITION OTi' CHARLES NICHOLS. (Canadian Archives, 0. 688B, p. 13.) Upper Canada \ Personally appeared before me Daniel London district) Springer Esquire one of his majestys Justices of the peace in and for the Said district, Charles Nichols who maketh oath and Saith, that he Saw And?:ew Westbrook at detroit before it was given up, and heard the Said Andrew Westbrook Say, that he wished that the ameri- cans had taken the whole province of Upper Canada at the time they Crossed the detroit river and this deponent further Saith that it was generally reported in Detroit that the Said Andrew Westbrook applied to General Hull for permission to Come up the river thames with a detachment of men to assist in takin(g) the province of Upper Canada, and Saith that he heard the Said Andrew Westbrook Say that he had Volunteered in Detroit Militia in order to go down the river on an expedition Chaeles JSTiohols Sworn before me the 29*'' Day] of August 18ia— I Daniel Springer. COLONEL PROCTER TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 2^2.) Copy Amherstburg Jiily 26'" 1812 Dear Sir After much vexatious delay from very windy weather &c,* I arrived here at day break this morning. You received by the Hunter a correct statement of the Enemy's force and have since been informed that he crossed the Eiver on the 12"" instant and took post above Sandwich — On the evening of the 16"* he attacked a Picquet, and I regret to say, cuf off two Sentries of the 41^' Eegiment, who were on the other side (of) the Bridge on the Eiver Canard, and killed one & wounded the other, both refusing to stirrender. There has been Skirmish- ing two or three times on the Canard which is about five miles from here, in which the Enemy have lost men — On the 25* they advanced to a Fork of the Eiver were attacked by the 90 CANADIAN ARCHIVES Indians and retreated with the loss of some killed ; the Indians having one killed and another wounded. I send you a Eeturn of the Strength of the Garrison of Amherstburg by which you will perceive how much the Militia have diminished — It is said and I hope many oi them will return when they have gotten in their harvest, but neither the Militia nor the Indians who are very deficient of the number you would sxippose will ever remain with us if a considerable reinforcement does not arrive Lore. Five hundred of the 41''' would I am confident, soon decide matters — The Enemy's Arts and Misrepresentations have oiDcrated strongly on both the Indians and People of this country, among whom their agents now appear. You have received M/ Hull's infamous Proclamation, and I herewith send you a copy of what I conceive to be very interesting Letters from him, intercepted and which I regret were not sent sooner. The originals shall be sent by the LadyPrevosl I do not apprehend that this Post is in any immediate Danger, but I am fully convinced of the necessity of a Reinforcement. I conceive it only prudent to keep the Queen Charlotte here, . she is a very considerable check on the Enemy. I inclose a Return of Prisoners and request to know whether they are to be sent down. You will be surprized to know that the greatest number of Indians, among whom were several Boys, that the utmost exertions of the Indian Department could collect did not exceed Two hundred and thirty — this was on the 18"' instant and they have rather decreased since — PS. The Return is inclosed to the Brigade- Major MAJOK-GENEEAL BROCK TO SIR GEORGE PEEVOST. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 208.) Fort George July 26* 1812 Sir, Since my dispatch to your Excellency of the 20"" Instant, I have received information of the enemy having made fre- quent and extensive inroads from Sandwich up the River Thames. I have in consequence been induced to detach Cap- tain Chambers with about 50 of the 41'' Regim' to the Mora- viantown where I have directed two hundred Militia to join him — From the loud and apparently warm professions of the Indians residing on the Grand River, I made no doubt SUBEENDEE OF DETEOIT 91 of findiug at all times a large majority ready to take the field, and act in conjunction with our troops, but accounts received" this morning state that they have determined to re- main neutral, and had in consequence refused (with the excep- tion of about 50) to join Captain Chambers' detachment I meditated, the moment I could collect a sufficient number of Militia, a diversion to the westward, in the hope of compel- ling General Hull to retreat across the river, but this unex- pected intelligence has ruined the whole of my plans — The Militia which I destined for this service, ^N-ill now be alarmed, and unwilling to leave their families to the mercy of 400 Indians, whose conduct affords such wide room for suspicion — awl really to expect that this fickle race Avould remain in the •midst of war in a state of neutrality is truly absurd — The Indians have probably been led to this change of sentiment by emissaries from General Hull, whose proclamation to the six nations is lierewith enclosed — ^ I have not deemed it of sufficient importance to commence active operations on this line by an attack on Fort Niagara — It can be demolished Avhen found necessary in half an hour, and there my means of annoyance would terminate — To enable the ]\[ilitia to organize some degree of discipline without interruption i^i of far greater consequence than such a con- quest — Every thing sliall be done in my power to overcome the difficulties by which I am surrounded but without strong re- inforcements, I fear the Country cannot be roused to make exertions, equal, without support, to meet the present crisis — I proceed immediately to York to attend the meeting of the Legislature — I hope to return on Wednesday — Tlie charge of this frontier will in the mean time devolve on L' Colonel Myers,^ who appears worthy of every confidence — The actual invasion of the Province has compelled me to recall that portion of the Militia whom I permitted to return liome and work at harvest — I am prepared to hear of much discontent in consequence — The disaft'ected will take advantage of it and add fuel to the flame but it may not be without reason that I may' be accused of having already studied to* the injury of the service, their convenience and humour 1 For text of this proclamation, see p. 72. 2 Lieutenant-Colonel Cliristophei Myers, 70th Foot. He was made a deputy quartermaster-genera], 1810; was wounded three times, and made a prisoner during the war. 92 CANADIAN ABCHIVES I should have derived much consolation in the midst of my present difficulties had I been honored, previous to the meeting of the Legislature, with Your Excellency's determination in regard to this Province — That it cannot be maintained wiith its present force is very obvious, and unless the enemy be driven from Sandwich it will be impossible to avert much longer the impending ruin of the Country — numbers have already joined the invading army, commotions are excited, and the late occurrences at Sandwich have spread a general gloom I have not heard from L' Colonel S' George, nor from any individual at Amher&tburg, sin^ie I last had the honor of ad- dressing Your Excellency, which makes me apprehensive that Colonel Procter has been detained on his journey too long for the good of the service — The enemy's cavalry amounts to about fifty. They are led by one Watson, a surveyor from Montreal, of a desperate character, This fellow has been allowed to parade with about 20 men of the same description as far as Westminster, vowing as they went along the most bitter vengeance against the first characters of the Province — Nothing can more strongly shew the state of apathy which exists in that part of the Country — I am perhaps too liberal in attributing the conduct of the inhabitants to that cause M' Couche^ has represented to the head of his department the total impracticability of carrying on the public service without a remittance in specie, or a government paper sub- stitute — He was once in expectation of making arrangements with some individuals that would have enabled him to proceed, but I much fear the whole project has fallen to the ground — The Militia on this Communication was so clamourous for their pay that I directed M'' Couche to make the necessary advances. This has drained him of the little specie in his possession — My present Civil office not only authorizes me to convene General Courts Martial for the trial of offenders belonging to the Militia but likewise the infliction of the sentence of death — ^whilst in regard to the Military my power is limited to the mere asseinbling of the court. I beg leave to submit to the consideration of Your Excellency whether in time like the present I ought not to be invested with equal authority over each service — ' Edward Couche, deputy commissary-general. SUEEENDEE OF D.ETEOIT 93 I _ herewith have the honor to transmit two letters one from 'Captain Eoberts Comm^ at S' Josephs, and the second from M' Dickson a gentlenian every way capable of forming a correct judgment of tlie actual state of the Indians Nothing can be more deplorable than his description Yet the United States' government accuse Great Britain of instigating that people to war — Is not the true cause to be found in the state of desparation to which they are reduced by the unfriendly and unjust measures of that Government towards them ? COLONEL THOMAS TALBOT TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, G 688A, p. 153a.) Oxford Monday 27'" July 1812. My dear General I arrived at this place this morning from Long point where I had been two days, one spent in endeavouring to procure 100 Volunteers from the Norfolk Militia, and I am sorry to in- form you thajt notwithstanding the apparent readiness mani- fested by the Flank Companies of those Batt"" on former occa- sions, that when it was understood that the men required, were absolutely to proceed to The Kiver Thames, very few turned out for that service, after much explanation of the expectations of the Government and the disgrace that would attend their Reg*' I made out about 60 men, I then ballotted 40 more and ordered the detachment to march to join Major Chambers as yesterday morning, when I reached the ground from whence the Detachment was to march, I found a large assembly of the Farmers with their Women, who upon my approach addressed me, by declaring that their men should not March, upon thi^ I enquired if there were any Magistrates present, the answer was, several, I required one to come forward, on which M' Bemer appeared, I asked him, how he as a Magistrate could permit such proceedings, he offered no excuse, but said that he conceived the measure of withdrawing any of the Militia from Long point was highly improper. I then ordered the party to March, when about a half obey'd anl after proceeding a short distance the men fell out, all but about 20, who con- tinued their march, and even those few appeared imwilling, I therefore thought it most prudent to allow those few to return as I could not flatter myself with any material benefit that could result from their weak and uncertain assistance — Major 94 CANADIAN ABCHIVBS Salmon who was present, I directed to proceed to Head Quar- ters and state the circumstances as they occurred to you. Major Chambers is at this place with the Flank Companies of the Oxford Militia, L' Col. Eostwick reports that they have- generally volunteered, there are about 6Q Rank & file, but I confess I am not disposed to place much reliance on their offers or services — not an Indian as yet and Major Chambers niforms me that Xorton^ j>ave him to nn(ler-;tand that 40 ov .^O men would be the utmost that he could promise himself from the Grand River Tribes. ]\Iiddle?ex might furnish about 60 men but from W Bostwicks information, that those of Delaware and Westminster had sent a petition to Gen' Hull for protection, you will be enabled to value the support that may be expected from that part of ]Middlesex — In fact, ]\[y dear Gen' the prospect is dismal, unless there is some other resource that I am not acquainted with — I have advised ]\Iajor Chambers not to advance his small and valuable party until he received orders from you or obtained such strength as might justify such movement — I have thought of going to Port Talbot for a day to oversee my affairs there, I'm most anxious to know your determination, if you should be foi*ced to send to Gen' Hull do let me know as those in promise of land on performing their settlement duties should be included in such conditions as may be entered into and something relative to Myself — M' Crooks' who is begging to be off rf(|uire> my concluding by assuring you jMv Dear Gen' that T am (&c.) LIEUT.-COLONEL BOSTWICK TO J[AJOE CHAMBERS. f Canadian Archin's, C 688A, p. 151.) Oxford 27'" July 1812 Sir, In consequence of information communicated to me by Dan' Springer Esq"^ of Delaware, I have thought proper t& detain Andrew Westbrook at this place until the pleasure of ~Geji' Brock can be known respecting him. M"^ Springer in- formed me that Westbrook had been very- ofRcioits in causing 1 John Norton was a native of Scotland who had been adopted into the Mohawk nation of Indians under the name of Teyoninhokarawen, or the Snipe. He was granted the local rank of major in the army, Feb- vnary 15, 1816, in consideration of his good service during the war. 2 Probably Captain William Crooks of the 4th Regiment of Lincoln militia. See pp. 236 atid 2.37. SUEBENDEK OF DETEOIT a Petition to be circulated, addressed to G-en' Hull, requesting him to save them & their property, stating that they would not take up Arms against him,- Also that Westbroolc liad declared that he (Westbrook) had too much property to risk it, by opposing the Americans, and further that Westbrook's nightly attendance was very frequent at the House of Ebenezer Allen, during the time Watson was there — and that he liad advised the people of Delaware to commit the management of the Petition to Gen^ Hull, to a more proper person thaji the one who had it. — ■ P.S. M' Springer informed me that the Petition had been transmitted to Gen' Hull by One Westcoat — H.E. ~ LIEUT. -COLON EL THE HON. JAMES BABY TO CAPTAIN GLEGG. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 219.) Copy Dundas Street 30 miles from York 27'" July 9 o'clock P.3r. Sir, I am just arrived at this place — I hasten to write as I understand it is likely General B^-ock will go back to Niagara immediately — iShould it be his pleasure to see me before he goes, I will be in York tomorrow as soon as I can — I have not. been able to procure a fresh horse, mine is completely tired after a jaunt by the way of Pointe Pele. I coasted the lake to Colonel Talbot's Settlement — I left Amherstburg in the afternoon of last monday. I met Colonel Procter on thurs- day, bound by the wind six or seven miles above Colonel Talbots-^ From the weather we have had, he must be now at Am- herstburg — On last Saturday sen'night a party of about one hundred and fifty Americans came to the River Canard and skirmished with a party of our People, they wounded two men of the 41'*' one died, the other was expected also to die — - the Americans Avere repulsed — The next day, Sunday, they returned to the same place, and began the skirmish ; they were again repulsed, lost four men and had several wounded ; tlioy retreated with great precipitation and were followed by a fe\v Indians some considerable distance; some of our Boats went as far as Turkey Creek, the Americans had already got beyond 96 CANADIAN ARCHIVES it, on their way to Sandwich — About eleven or twelve at noon on Monday last, the Queen Charlotte anchored opposite the mouth of the Canard, made signal that a large party was coming again to the Canard Bridge — A party of the 41°' were on the South side of the Bridge and a good number of Indians had gone to join them — An Express came from the place where a third action had taken place, and informed that our party with two field pieces had repulsed the Americans who had brought four, pieces with them — I have no doubt but they were more completely beaten than before — We were forced to come away before the issue — We had not more than about 230 Indians when I left Amherstburg — A report prevailed that about 300 were expected from the River Huron near the mouth of the River, and a like number from St : Josephs under M' Robert Dixon. God grant- they may be there — There were still between three and four hundred militia when I came away — A great number had withdrawn themselves to gd to the harvest — I have no letters from Colonel St: George for the General, tho' he told me he would write — ^I called, and sent for his letter, but did not get it — He had gone to the river Canard- I am sorry to say that the volunteers of Long Point whom I saw yesterday have refused to march, not one is gone to join Major Chambers — I fear those of Oxford will follow their bad example — I parted with Colonel Talbot yesterday about four or five o'clock P.M. he was going to Burford — I should not omit to say there is a great want of balls foT the Indians — The Hurons have done all they could to dissuade the other nations from Joining us — I heard that ]!^orton instead of 150 or 200 of the six nations could hardly get fifty to go up to the westward — We want immediate as- sistance in that quarter, I write this from Dundas Street at John Clever's, and send it by a Missisage to overtake you, before you go over — In case the General would wish for more information than I can give on this paper — I have written in the dark therefore excuse this scrawl — If the General goes round the Lake I may meet him at the Credit — I give you this rough detail for his information — SURKENDEE OF DETEOIT 97 SIR GEORGE PREVOST TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, 1218, p. SS9.) Quebec 2Y July 1812 Sir/ ^ I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Letter of the 12"* instant. I can readily understand the temper and disposition of your Militia, and cam justly estimate the reluc- tance with which you submit to the seperation of any portion of them, after the difficulty of Assembling them for training and defence, from the experience I have lately aquired in bringing the Embodied Militia of Lower Canada into a proper state of subordination. With regard to your deficiency of Arms I have to lament my inability to meet your Wants, beyond the late supplies wlych have been forwarded to Upper Canada, as they consisted of a full proportion of what I possessed. The loss of the Canibo Transport on board of which 6,000 stand of Arm's were embarked in England last autumn for this place, is a serious inconvenience, It has Jjeen stated to me, that this vessel left Bermuda in April last under convoy of His Majesty's Ship Julia, parted Company in a heavy gale and has not since been heard of. You will ere this have received a supply of Materials prob- ably sufficient to Clothe about 2", 000 of your Militia, and I have now lirected the Commissary General^ to purchase here immediately, (if they are to be had) 1000 or 1500 pairs of shoes, and to send them up as soon as possible. In addition to the Cannon that has reached (you), four short 6 Pounders have been ordered to Kingston from Mon- treal. Lieut: Col: Myers the Dep'' Quarter M' General and Colonel Lethbridge^ an Inspecting Field Officer of Militia have been sent to Upper Canada; the latter officer will I hope be found fit for the Command of the Eastern District. To supply the Want of specie, recourse isi about to be had in Lower Canada to a paper Money, as a Circulating Medium, and with the Assistance of the Legislature, who have met my wishes on the subject, I trust the Arrangement for putting in operation the substitute for specie, will speedily be com- 1 William H. Robinson, afterwards knighted, took office October, 1811. 2 Robert Lethbridge, who was made a major-general, June, 1813. 17801—7 98 CANADIAN AECHIVES pleted, — when it takes effect I stall direct a Statement of the Plan to be transmitted for your information The Scanty Eeinforcement sent from England in the 103'* Kegiment composed of about 150 very young Soldiers and Boy's, does not hold out an expectation of adding materially to your strength at present, but to support to the utmost your exertions for the preservation of the communication between Upper & Lower Canada, thereby securing in an extreme case of being attacked by an overwhelming Torce, a retreat for the Eegulars and Loyalists Embodied into this Province, Major Heathcote^ with two Companies of the Royal ISTew- foundland Eeg* & a further supply of Stores will embark from hence for Kingston on Thursday. At the same time as many Veterans as are fit for service belonging to the Companies in Upper Canada are under Orders' to proceed with the Newfoundland Eegiment. Erom the Accounts you have transmitted me of the recent communication had with the Indians, they hnve appeared to be tractable beyond my expectations, however I am well aware their Eaith is not to be relied on. COLONEL TALBOT TO LIEUT.-COLONEL JOSEPH RTERSON.2 (Canadian Archives, Militia Papers, M. D., Vol. 31.) Oxford 28"^ July 1812 Dear Sir I was so much mortified at the behaviour of the Men be- longing to The Norfolk Elank Companies in refusing to march, that I had nearly determined never to take any further command of The Militia of that County — but on my arrival at this place finding that a general disposition of zeal and Loyalty prevailed in the Flank Companiesi of this County and feeling the necessity of a firm attempt to force the body of the Enemy that has entered our Country to recross The Eiver to Detroit, I conceive that if the Body of the Militia were assembled and the situation of the regulars and The Oxford Elank Companies under the Command of L* Co' Bost- wick were explained to the men, that still there might be a 1 Roland Heathcote, later made lieutenant-colonel. 2 Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Ryerson of the 1st Regiment Norfolk militia: He had been a lieutenant in the Prince of Wales' American; Volunteers. SUBEENDEE OF DETROIT 99 considerable number turn out to assist in thisi cause of relief to the Province I therefore request that you will assemble jour Eeg* and use y' influence in getting aa many as you can and forward them under good officers to this Place, Cap" Bost- wick^ who is going with me to Port Talbot will be back in a couple of days & he will accompany any of his men who may offer their services — MAJOE-GENERAL BBOCK TO SIR GEORGE PREVOST. (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 217.) York July 28'" 1812- Sir, ^ I consider the enclosed letter this instant received from the Hon"^ James Baby of sufficient imiportance to forward by express — I conceived the Long Point Militia the most likely to shew the best disposition of any in this part of the Country, and tlieir refusal to join Captain Chambers indicates the little reliance that ought to be place (d) in any of them — My situation is getting each day more critical I still mean to try and send a force to the relief of Amherstburg, but almost despair of succeeding — The population, though I had no great confidence in the majority, is worse than I expected to find it. And all Magistrates &c &c appear quite confounded, and decline acting. The consequence is the most improper conduct is tolerated. The officers of Militia exert no authority, every thing shew* as if a certainty existed of a ehanffe taking place soon But I still hope the arrival of re-inforcements may yet avert such a dire calamity. Many in that case would become active in our cause who are now dormant I have the honor herewith to transmit a Copy of my Speech to the two houses delivered yesterday A more decent House has not been elected since the formation of the province — but I perceive at once that I shall get no good of them They, like the magistrates and others in office, evidently mean to remain passive. The repeal of the Habeas Corpus ^ Captain John Bostwick, a brother of Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Bost- wick, was sheriff of the London district, and commanded a flank company of the Ist Norfolk regiment. He was wounded in action at Frenchman's Creek, near Fort Erie, on the night of November 28, 1812, and again at Nanticoke, November 13. 1813. He was promoted to be major, August 1, 1816, and lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd Middlesex militia, June 13, 1822.. 178W^7i 100 CANADIAN AECHIVES -will not pass, and if I have recourse to the Law Martial I am told the whole armed force will disperse ISTever was an officer placed in a more awkward predicament — The ;i\Iilitia cannot possibly be governed by the present Law — all admit the fact, yet the fear of giving offence, will prevent any thing effectual from being effected — I entreat the advice of Your Excellency ! Some letters rec'' from individuals represent the conduct of the 41^' above all praise — I cannot get a line from Colonel S' George — Colonel Procter was provokingly delayed •on his journey — I entreat Your Excellency to excuse the haste with which I presume to address you CAPTAIN BOBERTS TO MAJOR GLEGG. (Canadian Archives, C 688A, p. 15Jf.) Fort Michilimackinac 29* July 1812 Sir, Although I am persuaded that the General's letter of the 4'" of July leaves me at liberty to act in a great degree at dis- cretion, yet it will be very satisfactory to learn that (in) what has been done here I may not be thought to have acted pre- maturely—The Prisoners of War and the American Citizens sailed from hence on the 26*'^ inst. one of the vessels which surrendered under the capitulation has been employed as a cartel for this purpose — I have taken every precaution in my power for their safety, an Interpreter and three Indians well acquainted with the River St: Clair tribe, have been sent with them. Hugh Kelly, deserter from the 49"* 'Eegiment, Alex- ander Parksi from the Royal Artillery and Redmon(d) Magrath from the 5"* were amongst the number that laid down their Arms, the two last I have employed being an excellent drum and fife, but they are all under confinement until the iGeneral's decision relative to them shall be known. . Eighteen Canadians have taken the oath of allegiance and after much solicitation, volunteered to serve for a limited period; these with two old men discharged from the late Canadian Volun- teers, formed part of the American Garrison here. Having no power to enlist, I have only taken them for the moment to strengthen me, but I find them so extremely awk(w)ard and ill inclined that I almost repent of accepting of their Services — Two small sloops on their way from the American Post at Chicago chiefly laden with furs have fallen SUREENDEE OF DETEOIT 101 into our hands, several letters sent by them have been inter- cepted, some of which I send you, that the state of that Gar- rison may be knov^n, they are in general of little importance. The Conduct of the Ottawas has been marked with suspi- cion throughout the whole of this business, the Bearer of these despatches was the person I sent from St : Josephs with orders for them to join us Immediately, they did not arrive until several days after the surrender, and it is now evident they were encamped all this time at no great distance, waiting to hear the result o^ our attack. Time I liope will inspire these people with more confi- dence, this lukewarm behaviour in them is more to be regretted as they must be considered our principal support- If I can accomplish my design of bringing over all the Chippewas from the neighbourhood of St : Josephs and settling them near this place, it will render us independant of these Ottawas, in whom [ shall never have any reliance — I am now employed in organ- izing the Indians, one hundred, chiefly Riflemen are stationed at the Loopholes — a strong Guard is immediately to be sent to Bois blanc Island either to cut off if possible, or give timely notice of the approach of an Enemy — The remainder will be disposed of, as circumstances may require, my own men will be barely sufficient for manning the Guns in the Blockhouses, however you may rest assured, that every nerve shall be strained for the defence of this Post — There has; been an immense consumption of provisions for some time past, but I am now getting rid of the supernumeraries, as fast as pos- sible — If the Importance of this (post) is viewed below, with the same anxiety, which prevails here, I should hope a Reinforce- ment will be spared, and I must beg leave to observe that none but active Aroops are fit to be employed here at this moment — The men I have here, tho' always ready to obey my orders are so debilitated, and worn down by unconquerable drunkenness, that neither the fear of punishment, the love of fame or the honor of their Country can animate them to extraordinary exertions, it is painful to me to be obliged to draw such a picture, but truth and justice demands it — The Establishment of Artillery should if possible be augmented to a Sergeant and nine — One Smith the Bearer of despatches from Detroit was taken by the Express I sent to Amherstburg about fifteen leagues from hence," they have taken him and his papers to that place, I wish he may not prove too cunning, and either make his escape 102 CANADIAN AECHIVES or perhaps carry my despatches to Detroit — A Committee has teen appointed, who have taken Inventories of all Property in the public Stores, a large portion is claimed as belonging to our own Subjects!, but as this is a point I am unabk _to( decide upon it must be left for regular investigation— Copies of all these documents shall be forwarded as soon as possible — The Stores in what the Americans called their Factory have been given over to the Indian Department and will barely recompense the Indians I brought with me, if the goods for these people do not soon arrive, I fear there will be great mur- muring — An officer has been left with six men at S' Josephs to take care of the buildings, and an acting Interpreter appointed for that Post— On examination by an Engineer Officer, I apprehend many parts of these works will be found to require repair, and I should beg leave strongly to recommend that at a Post so distant from all aid, a certain number of artificers should be attached — I enclose you a return^ of the American Garrison as it stood at the time of its surrender, and also a Keturn^ of the Ordnance and ammunition, the bras^ guns, and Howitzers were taken it appears at York Town, and have an Inscription upon them, stating that fact — In the statement I have made above of the Indian force I have now employed, I must explain that altho' I can at this moment command double the number mentioned, yet such is the fluctuating dis- position of these people that in a week hence, I might not be able to collect more than one hundred men. The distant Indians who came with M"' Dickson, leave this tomorrow. I am fully aware that there is a want of regularity and correctness in the style of this communication, which would 1)6 unpardonable at any other time, but the multiplicity and variety of matter which demands my constant attention will I trust be thought a sufficient excuse — As the situation I am BOW in, is entirely new to me and having to decide upon so many cases which occur almost daily, I shall feel greatly obliged to you if your time admits of it, for such information in matters of i:ivil jurisdiction as the General may see neces- sary to put into immediate force — Eeport states the Americans to be in great force at Detroit, we have been so long without the arrival of a vessel or advice from that quarter that I am 1 and 2. See note 3, p. 6S. SUERENDEB OP DETROIT 103 apprehensive our commimications are obstructed — As the cargoes of the vessels from Chicago v^hich were taken after the capitulation, and are I imagine of course legal prizes, are of a perishable nature, I shall be much obliged to you for advice how to act, so that this property may not be lost, I have appointed a prize Agent, but beyond this, I am totally in the dark as to what is next to be -done. Mem". A Return^ of provisions is herewith annexed BEIG.-GENERAL HULL TO GOVERNOR SCOTT OF KENTUCKY.!! (Report of Trial of General Hull; New York, 181^; App. n., p. 12.) Sandwich, U.O. 29"^ July, 1812. Sir — in my letter of this date to the secretary of war, I have requested a reinforcement of 2000 men; 1500 from the state of Kentucky, and 500 from the state of Ohio. I hope, sir, you will consider yourself authorized to call them into service, and order them to the place of destination, before you receive particular instructions from the secretary of the de- partment of war. I have just received information that Michi- limackinac (situate 300 miles from here) has been taken by the British, ailed by about 1000 Indians.^ The opera- tions of this army has been hitherto successful, and it is of the greatest importance that the objects should be effected. I refer you to Mr. Carneal for every information respecting the situation of the army and the state of things. The men must be armed; we have no spare arms here. MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK TO SIR GEORGE PREVOST. (EXTRACT.) (Canadian Archives, C 676, p. 2S6-) York Julv 29"^ 1812 Sir, I have the honor to transmit herewith a dispatch this instant received from Captain Roberts announcing the sur- render by Capitulation on the IT*'' Instant of Fort Michili- mackinac- — The conduct of this officer since his appointment to the Command of that distant part of the Province, has been dis- 1 See note 3, p. 65. 2 A copy of this letter was sent to Governor Meigs of Ohio. 3 For the numher of Indians in the engagement see despatch of Roberts to Baynes, 17 July, p. 65. 104 CANADIAN AKCHIVES tinguished by much zeal and judgment, and his recent eminent display of those qualities, Your Excellency will find, has been attended with a most happy effect — The Militia stationed here volunteered this morning with- out the least hesitation their services to any part of the Pro- vince — I have, selected one hundred whom I have directed to proceed without delay to -Long point^ — where I propose collect- ing a force for the relief of Amherstburg — This example, I hope, will be followed by as many as may be required — By the Militia law a man refusing to march may be fined five pounds, or confined three months, and although I have assembled the Legislature for the express purpose of amending the act, I much fear nothing material will be done. Your Excellency will scarcely believe that this infatuated House of Assembly have refused by a majority of two to suspend for a limited time the Habeas Corpus — The Capture of Michilimackinac may produce great changes to the Westward — ^The actual invasion of the Pro- vince justifies every act of liostility on the American terri- tory- It was not until this morning I was honored with Your Excellency's dispatches dated the T* and 10"' Instant — Their contents, I beg to assure your Excellency, have relieve (d) my mind considerably — I doubt whether General Hull had in- structions to cross to this side the river — I rather suspect he was compelled by a want of provisions — I embark immediately in the Prince Regent for Fort George, I return here the dav after tomorroAv, and probably dissolve the Legislature — GARRISON ORDER. (Toronto of Old, hy Henry Scaddingj Toronto, 1873; p. 79). (York, ^gth July, 1812.) " In consequence of an order from Major-General Brock, commanding the forces, for a detachment of volunteers, under the command Major Allan,i to hold themselves in readiness to proceed in batteaux to the Head of the Lake to-morrow at 2 o'clock, for the purpose of being fitted with caps, blankets and haversacks, as well as to draw provisions. On their arrival at the Head of the Lake, regimental coats and canteens will be 1011! ' ^f''"'^^ ^^^1^^"? ^V""' ^'■^ ReRimeDt of York militia, alterwards, 1816, a lieutenant-colonel. SUKEENDEE OF DETEOIT 10^ ready to be issued to them, Capt Howard/ Lieut. Eicliard- son, Lieut. Jarvis/ Lieut. Robinson.^ Sergeants Knott, Humberstone, Bond, Bridgeford." " Major-General Brock has desired me (Captain Stephen Heward) to acquaint the detachment under my command of his high approbation of their orderly conduct and good disci- pline while under arms : that their exercise and marching far exceeded any that he had seen in the Province. And in parti- cular he directed me to acquaint the officers how much he is pleased with their appearance in uniform and their perfect knowledge of their duty." EXTRACTS FROM AN AMERICAN NEWSPAPER, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1812. A letter' from Lt. Col. McArthur to Major Morris, dated Canada, July 24th, states : — I was detached up the Thames with 115 men and 20 cavalry. The men are sickly and some have died. The weather has been changeable; from the 5th to the 12th of July very hot, but lately we have had cold storms of rain and hail and very cold nights. When at the Canard on Sunday the Queen Charlotte fired several shots at us. ISTobody was hurt but some badly seai'ed. Capt. Cook of the 4th U. S. Eegiment writes from Sand- wich on July 28th: — Since we have crossed into Canada we have had a few skirmishes. We have had three killed and one slightly wounded. The British had 1 killed and 1 wounded and taken prisoner. We expect to be ready to attack Fort Maiden in 15 or 20 days. We are now about 2,000 strong and expect 2,000 reinforcements from Ohio. The enemy's ^ Stephen Heward was captain of a- flank company of the 3rd York militia. He was promoted to be major. May 31, 1816, and subsequently lieutenant-colonel commanding the 1st East York regiment. ^ Samuel Peters Jarvis, son of Wm. Jarvis, Provincial Secretary. He was colonel of the Queen's Rangers during the Rebellion of 1837-38. ^ Sir John Beverly Robinson, Bart., was born at Berthier, Lower Canada, July 26, 1791. He was atipointed lieutenant in Captain Howard's flank company of the 3rd Regiment of York militia in April, 1812, and commanded the company in the action at Queenston. He was promoted to be captain, December 25, 1812. He acted as attorney-general of Uppor Canada from the death of John Macdonell until the return of Hon. P'Arcy Boulton in 1815. He was solicitor-general from 1815 until 1818; attorney-general from 1818 until 1829; represented the town of York in the Legislative Assembly from 1820 until 1829; and was chief justice from 1829 until 1862. He died in Toronto, January 31, 1863. 106 CANADIAN ARCHIVES strength is 270 English and about 500 Indians and Canadians ; 360 have deserted from Maiden since we have been here. Major James Uenny^ writes from Sandwich on August 2d to Mr. J. Carlile :— Nearly all the inhabitants had left when we crossed over and the few that remained had removed all their best property to the woods and swamps. A letter from a gentleman in Illinois dated August 20th Ptates: — The Northwest trade is almost exclusively in the hands of British subjects who have routes by which to trans- port their goods. The first is through Lake Superior and westwardly and northwestwardly; the second through Lake Michigan to Green Bay, thence up Pox Kiver, down the Ouis- consin and up the Mississippi and its various branches; the third is through Lake Michigan to the Illinois river and down it to its mouth- By the river Ottawa a great quantity of goods were last year brought to St. Joseph's, smuggled into this country by merchants in St. Louis as well as by the celebrated Dickson^ and others. On the first of May last two Indians were apprehended at Chicago on their way to meet Mr. Diclcson at Green Bay. They had taken the precaution to put their letters in their moccasins and bury them in the ground and nothing being found on them, they were permitted to proceed. A Mr. Frazer from Prairie du Chien who went with Dickson to the portage of the Ouisieonsin and who was present when the letters were received states that Dickson was informed by them that he might soon expect to see the British flag flying on the American garrison of Mackinac. MAJOE-GENEEAL BEOCK TO COLONEL BAYNES. (Camadirni Archives, C 676, p. 239.) York July 29'" 1812 Dear Colonel, I was not favored with your lettei'S of the 8* and 10** Instant until this morning. I had not before received any official communication of war being declared, and I assure you began to fear I was wholly forgot. My situation is most 1 Major James Denny of the 1st Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. 2 Robert Dickson — see note p. 17. SUEKENDEB OF DETROIT 107 critical, not from any thing the enemy can do, but from the disposition of the people — ^the population, believe me is essen- tially bad — a full belief possesses them all that this Province must inevitably succumb—this pre possession is fatal to every exertion — Legislators, Magistrates, Militia Officers, all, have imbibed the idea, and are so sluggish and indifferent in their respective offices that the artful and active Scoundrel is allovsred to parade the Country without interruption, and commit all imaginable mischief — ^They are so alarmed of offending that they rather encourage than repress disordei^ or other (im)- proper acts. I really believe it is with some Cause they dread the vengeance of the democratic party, they are such a set of unrelenting villains, but to business — several of my letters laust have miscarried, otherwise you would long since have been aware that I requested you to re-imstate Lieu* Johnston in the Glengarry Eegiment. He may not be very efficient but then consider the claims of his family — Indeed the propo- sition came originally from you. Should Johnston be re- jtcted, I am under previous engagements to Lamont^ there- fore cannot give ear to FitzGibbon's^ application. I have necessarily so many detachments along my widely extended frontier that I cannot possibly spare an Officer, I have therefore detained L* Kerr of the Glengarry I am obliged to mix regulars with the Militia, otherwise I could not get on at all — It is a pity you did not understand his wishes in regard to the recruiting business. What a change an additional regiment would make in this part of the Province ! ! Most of the people have lost all con- fidence. I however speak loud and look big — Altho' you may not be able to cast a look this far, you must not omit Johns- (t)o(w)n and Kingston, Some regulars will be highly neces- sary I wish very much some thing might be done for M'' Grant Powell,^ He was regularly brought up in Eng- land Tis a Surgeon I intended to have proposed to Sir George to appoint him permanent Surgeon to the Marine department, but I scarcely think the situation would now answer His abilities I should think might be usefully employed now that so many troops are called out — ^ Thomas Lament, 49t]i Kegiment, promoted to a lieutenancy in March, 1814. 2 Lieutenant James Fitzgibbon of the 49th Eegiment, afterwards dis- tinguished for his able conduct in the action at Beaver Dams, June 24, 1613. ^A son of Wm. Dummer Powell, afterwards chief justice of Upper ^Canada. 108 CANADIAN AECHIVES Mess'' Dickson, Pothier and Crawford behaved nobly at tie capture of Micbilimackinac — This event may give a total change to the war in the West — Captain Eoberts is spoken of in the highest terms — COLONEL PEOCTEE TO MAJOE-GENERAL BEOCK. (Canadian Archives, G 676, p. 2Ji.5.) Copy/ Amherstburg-July 30'" 1812 Dear Sir, The morning after my arrival I sent off Express to You the trusty Canadian by whom You had received Lieutenant Colonel S' George's Letter of the 11* inst, and on the evening of the '2,9>'^ I had the disappointment of his return back, having narrowly escaped the Enemy near Point Aux Pins. — His Majesty's Schooner Lady Prevost sails this morning, as does also the Schooner Nancy, that these may be at Fort Erie, (as) Con- veyance for an effectual Reinforcement, which from the Con- fidence it must inspire, would cause the return of many who- have left the Militia, and also ensure a powerful Aid from the Indians of whom the Enemy are much in dread. — It would be imprudent to send away the Queen Charlotte, especially as the- Adams is I understand nearly ready. — M' Hull I believe awaits the defection of the Militia and Indians, and which I am confident will occur if we do not Soon receive a reinforcement. — The Enemy expects a Reinforce- ment, which, if received after we are enabled to Act, may be of less importance to him. — I am sorry to observe that the Individuals of the Indian Department are too Old for Actual Service, or does ability and Cordiality appear in the per- formance of its duties. — I have been under the necessity of Sanctioning the appointment of some active Interpreters. — With respect to the Militia Ofiicers, I feel myself at a loss how to act ; they, are in number out of all proportion to the Strength of their Corps, and in general unequal to the performance of their Duties^ — If they should be retained in proportion to the strength only of their Corps, most of them would be driven, baving no Support, to seek their property where the Enemy are, and their Corps, to which I still hope to see many return, would be disbanded. — I hope soon to hear of the Completion of the Arrangement for the payment of the Militia. — I found" SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 109 HO sources ascertained for procuring certain information res- pecting the Enemy and which I might reasonahly have ex- pected, where it must have been so easily effected, if attended to in time, by residents in the interest of Government — • _P.S. I have conc.eived it expedient to send by this Oppor- tunity the four OiHcers who were detained Prisoners of War ■on the 2°^ instant. SIB, GEORGE PRBVOST TO THE EARL OP LIVERPOOL. (Canadian Archives, G 1218, p. Si.7.) ]Sr° 59 r / Quebec 30''^ July 1S12— My Lord/ I do myself the honor to report to your Lordship that I have this Morning received despatches from Major General Brock commanding in Upper Canada, conveying to me the intelligence that an American Army of 2000 Men under the Command of B- Gen^ Hull had made its appearance at Detroit, and that a large Detachment from it had crossed on the 12 ins* to our possessions in Upper Canada, and are now occupying the village of Sandwich a few Miles above Fort Amherstburg; At Sandwich several Hundreds of the Militia with a small Detachment of regular Troops from the 41" Eegiment and two Field pieces were collected to defend it, but the Enemy landing .in several points so superior a force, occasioned our Troops and the Militia to retreat to Fort Amherstburg; Immediately on the Enerdys taking up his position at Sandwich B : Gen' Hull issued an artful and insidious procla- mation,^ (a copy of which I enclose for your Lordships in- formation) and which I have reason to apprehend has already been productive of considerable effect on the minds of the People, — a general sentiment prevails in that part of Upper Canada, that with the present Force of the Enemy resistance is unavailing and great Numbers of the Militia have returned to their homes, under the promise held out to them by General Hull that if they remain at their Homes, their Persons and private Property will be respected. Lieu* Colonel S* George commanding at Fort Amherstburg states that not more than 470 of the Militia were with him on the IS**" instant and those ill such a state as to be totally inefficient in the Field; Lieu* ' For this proclamation, see p. 56. 110 CANADIAN AECHIVES Colonel S' George has also about 300 of the 41'* R^' with him at Fort Amherstburg. Were it possible to animate the Militia in that part of the Upper Province with a proper sense of their Duty something might yet be done, for its defence, L* Col. S* Georges position at Fort Amherstburg is very good and formidable — ^but should he be compelled to retire there is no alternative for him, than Embarking in the Kings Vessels and proceeding to Fort Erie ; By the report of the Captain of Engineers I sent to Am- herstburg, I am informed that 20 pieces of Cannon are mounted in the Fort — the Platforms and Gun Carriages are all repaired — the four Bastions fraized and the escarp all round deepened — they have a large quantity of Timber in the Fort,— a splinter proof Log Building has been thrown up and a small expence Magazine is in a state of forwardness. — Major General Brock has enclosed to me the Copies of some interesting documents (3) found on board a schooner (captured by the Boats of His Majestys Schooner Hunter) on her Voyage from Miami to Detroit, which I have the honor to transmit herewith for your Lordships information. — SIE GEOEGE PEEV.OST TO THE EAEL. OF LIVEEEOOL. (Canadian Archives^ 1218, p. 845.) N° 60 Quebec 30* July 1812 My Lord/ In addition to my dispatch N" 59 of this date, I have the honor to represent to your Lordship that the exhausted state of the Military Chest of the Canadas and the impossibility of replenishing it but from England, exposes His Majesty's service to serious difficulties, which will not altogether be removed by the operation of the Army Bill Law, which has passed the Honse of Assembly and is now with the Legislative- Council ; I cannot doubt its affording much relief to our embarrassed Finances, altho' I shall have to contend in enforcing it with- the deep rooted prejudice of Canadian against a paper money ; I cannot more fully bring the subject before your Lordship than by enclosing a representation which has been made tot- SUEBENDEE OF DETEOIT 111 me by the Commissary General of the embarrassments in his Department from the difficulties experienced in obtaining the smallest supply of Money. Letter from Commissary General Bohinson enclosed in the above. Commissary Generals Office Quebec 30*'^ July 1812 Sir/ ^ I have the honor to acquaint your Excellency that in ad- dition, to the embarrassments I have lately laboured under in this Province, from the total vs?ant of specie so veell known to you that I need not here detail them, I have this morning received a Letter from Deputy Commissary General Couche which occasions me the greatest alarm, he informs me that Major General Brock has ordered out one third of the Militia of Upper Canada (about 4000 Men) and he begs to be in- formed in what Manner they are to be paid. — The expence attending this measure -will be about Fifteen Thousand Pounds a Month, a sum which it will be impracticable to find in that Country, Nor have I the means of affording effectual Assis- tance at this moment, and! if the Militia are not regularly paid, great evil will ensue, indeed M'' Couche represents some symtoms of discontent have already appeared; Besides this expence, various other payments are also at a stand, tho' I have paid drafts of my sub accountants to a large amount lately, and more are daily presented to me, but still a suffi- ciency of Money cannot be raised in this Way, from the scarcity of specie; The prospect of a paper medium being im- mediately established, here will be a relief to this Province, but without the concurrence of the Legislature of Upper Canada it cannot be counted upon as a certain assistance there. Yet I submit to your Excellency the expedience of trying the experiment by sending a Packet of our Notes as soon as they can be issued, with such reconxmendations to Gen' Brock upon the subject, as you may deem adviseable In M' Couches former Letter of the 3'* instant, which I had the honor to lay before you; he had held out a prospect of relief from the establishment of a Paper Currency upon a limited scale, and under the auspices merely of the Merchants, upon which in his last Letter he is silent, therefore I conclude- it has not produced the beneficial effects he expected. 112 CANADIAN AECHIVBS Under all these Circumstances, I beg leave to suggest to your Excellency the ISTecessity of recommending to His Majesty's Government to use every endeavor to send out specie from England before the Navigation Closes, which for the reasons I have mentioned is requisite towards the aid of the other Province, and will also be extremely desirable in this, notwitstanding the prospect of a Paper medium, as I have reason to think the Lowest Note intended to be recognized by the Legislature is Eour Dollars and these payable on demand in Cash; DISTRICT GENERAL ORDER. (Canadian Archives, Militia Papers, 21. D., Vol. 31.) Port George 31^' July 1812 D.G.O The Major General Commanding is happy to announce to the Troops, under his Command, the Surrender of Michili- mackinac, together with the ordnance Stores &ca. to His Majestys arms; the Garrison Prisoners of War. Too much praise cannot be given to Captain Roberts who commanded as well for his firmness and judgement during the preparations made for the attack as to his prudence which controled the feelings of his force, after the Enemy surrendered. The Major General Thanks those Gentlemen &ca in the neighbour- hood who so honorably contributed to Capt. Roberts' exertions and is pleased and is pleased with the Conduct of the Indians, who on this Occasion directed by the Generous feelings of Britons; spared that Enemy which otherwise they could have annihilated. — • ~N° 2. The Major General announces with pride and satis- faction, the complete repulse of the Enemy, by that part of the army stationed at Amherstburgh on two seperatfe) Occasions and thanks them for their Gallantry — The Militia behaved honorably; the Indians with the most determined Spirit: but the conduct of the 41" Regiment, commanded the admiration of all who witnessed their heroic Valour. If the Enemy is thus made to sustain severe losses at the Threshold of our Territory by a small but determined band of United Troops what has he to exipect from the whole Physical Force of the Province actuated by an ardor and Loyalty worthv their 5ire.s — SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 113 N° 3 Commanding Officers will be attentive in ascer- taining that all General Orders are read to the Troops com- posing the Militia Force N" 4 M' James Cummings is appointed to act in the Commissariat Department with the pay of 10/ per day and Forage for One Horse to Commence from the 24"* Instant — By order (Signed) Thomas Evans^ B. Major — SIR GEORGE PRBVOST TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C 1218, p. SJ^G.) Quebec 31=' July 1812 ■Sir/ I have received your Letter of the 20* instant accompanied by the copy of two Letters from Lieu* Col. S* George, who is in command at Amherstburg, and some interesting docu- ments found on Board a Schooner which had been taken by the Boats of the Schooner Hunter; In consequence of your having desired Colonel Procter to proceed to Amherstburg and of your presence being Neces- sary at the Seat of Government to meet the L^islature of Upper Canada, I have taken upon myself to place Major Gen' Sheaffe^ on the Staff to enable me to send him to assist you in the arduous task you have to perform, in the able execution of which I have great confidence; He has been accordingly ■directed to proceed without delay to Upper Canada, there to place himself under your Command. I believe you are authorized by the Commission under which you administer the Government of Upper Canada to declare Martial Law in the event of Invasion or Insurrection it is therefore for you to consi4er whether you can obtain any thing equivalent to that power from your Legislature, I have not succeeded in obtaining a Modification of it in Lower Canada and must therefore upon the occurrence of either of 1 Afterwards, 1855, General Evans. He served through the War of 1812, being wounded four times, and mentioned in despatches ten times. 2 Major-General Roger H. Sheafte took command at Queenston when Brock wag mortally wounded. He administered the government of Upper ■Canada from Octoher 1812 to June 1813. 178(M— 8 114 CANADIAN ARCHIVES those calamities declare the Law Martial unqualified, and of course shut the Doors of the Courts of Civil Law. The Eeport^ transmitted by Captain Dixon of the Koyal Engineers to Lieu' Colonel Bruyeres of the state of defence in which he had placed Fort Amherstburg, together with' the description of Troops allotted for its defence, give me a foreboding that the result of Gen' Hulls attempt upon that Fort will terminate honorably to our Arm's. If L* Col : S' George is possessed of the talents, and re- sources required to form a Soldier he is fortunate in the opportunity of displaying them. Should Gen' Hull be compelled to relinquish his operations against Amherstburg, it will be proper his future movements should be most carefully observed, as his late march exhibits a more than ordinary Character of enterprize. Your supposition of my slender means is but too correct, Notwithstanding you may rely upon every exertion being made to preserve uninterrupted the communication between Kingston and Montreal, and that I will also give all possible support to your endeavors to overcome every difiiculty. The possession of Maiden which I consider means Am- herstburg appears a favorite object with the Government of the United States, — I sincerely hope you will disappoint tliem. Should the intelligence which arrived yesterday by the way of Newfoundland prove correct, a remarkable coincidence will exist in the revocation of our orders in Council as re- gards America, and the declaration of War by Congress against England, both having taken place on the same day in London and at Washington, the 17"" June.^ MAJOR P. L. CHAMBERS TO LIEUT.-COLONEL CHRISTOPHER MYERS AT NIAGARA. (Canadian Archives, C 688A, p. 162.) Sr' July 1812 From every account I can Collect I am led to imagine Watson, has gone to the American army and Wes(t) brook is, on 1 For this report, see 48. 2 War was declared on June 18th by the United States Congress. The orders-in-oouncil were revoked in Great Britain on the 23rd of June, with the provision that such revokation become null and void if the American government refused to revoke certain acts against British armed vessels, and against commercial intercourse between the twO' countrie* SITEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 115- his Way to the Same Place. I have therefore decided to move on to Delaware as there are a Number of Cattle and Plenty of Provisions to be procured there and it is doubtless the Intention of Watson to Eeturn with such a Party as Shall be Sufficient to despoil that Part of the Country and of course prevent our advancing Westbrook has twelve head of Cattle and above one Hun- dred Bushels of Corn. Delaware is More Centrical and it is easier to Establish an Intercourse with Col Procter from that Place than here I shall move on today with ten Light Horse and some Militia — the Eemainder of the Flank Companies with Major Touzely* goes off tomorrow with the 41'' and Light Horse. I hope this arrangement may meet the General's approbation We have accounts from Amherstburgh by an Indian of a- Battle or rather Skirmish having taken Place in which the Indians behaved well and thV Americans Lost about Thirty Men. I hope it may be true as a Trifling circumstance of that kind may Infuse ardour ^ad confidence I shall write on my arrival at Delaware. I Iiave seen M' Springer a Magistrate highly spoken of by Colonel Talbot — on consideration we have thought better not to send the man alluded to in a Former Part of my Letter as we find he will be of some consequence in giv(ing) us Information, the Name of the man is Stiles. I am in hopes to have Intelligence shortly worthy of Com- munication. BRIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Report of Trial of General Hull; New YorJc, ISlJf.; App, U., p. 11.) Sandwich, U.C. August 4*'', 1812. Sir — At the time when the army under my command took possession of this part of the province of Upper Canada every thing appeared favourable, and all the operations of this army have been successful ; circumstances have since occurred which seem materially to change our future prospects- The unex- pected surrender of Michilimackinac and the tardy operations of the army at Niagara are the circumstances to which T 1 Major Sykes Tonsley, commanding flank companies of 1st Regiment Oxford militia. 1780*— 8i Hie CANADIAN AECHIVES allude. I have every reason to expect in a very short time a large body of Indians from the north, vyhose operations will be directed against this army. They are under the influence of the North and South-west Companies/ and the interest of these companies depends on opening the communication of the Detroit river this summer. It is the channel by which they obtain their supplies, and there can be no doubt but every effort will be made against this army to open that communication. It is the opinion of the officers and the most intelligent gentlemen from Michilimackinac, that the British can engage any number of Indians they may have occasion for, and that (including the .Engages of IST. W. and S. W. Companies) two or three thousand will be brought to this place in a very short time. Despatches 'have been sent to Maiden and the messengers have returned with orders. With respect to the delay at Niagara, the follow- ing consequences have followed: a Major Chambers of the British army with 55 regulars and 4 pieces of brass artillery, has been detached from Niagara, and by the last accounts had penetrated as far as Delaware, about 120 miles from this place; every effort was making by this detachment to obtain reinforcements from the militia and Indians; considerable numbers had joined; and it was expected this force would consist of 6 or 700 : the object of this force is to operate against this army. Two days ago all the Indians were sent from Maiden with a small body of British troops to Brownstown and Maguag(a) and made prisoners of the Wyandots at those places. There are strong reasons to believe that it was by their own consent, notwithstanding the professions they had ftnade. Under all these circumstances you will perceive that the situation of this army is critical. I am now preparing a work on this bank, which may be defended by about 300 men. I 'have consulted with the principal officers and an attempt to -storm the fort at Maiden is thought unadvisable without artil- lery to make a breach. The pickets are 14 feet high, and defended by bastions on^ which are mounted 24 pieces of 'Cannon. I am preparing floating batteries to drive the Queen 'Charlotte from the mouth of the River Canards, and land them below that river; and it is my intention to march down ' with the army, and as soon as a breach can be made, attempt the place by storm. Circumstances, however, may render it necessary to re-cross the river with the main body of the army, to preserve the communication for the purpose of ob- ' See despatch from Gray to Prevost, p. 8, and memoranda, p. 11. SUEEENDEE OK DETEOIT IIT taining supplies from Ohio. I am conatantly obliged to make a strong detachment to convoy the provisions between the foot of the Kapids and Detroit. If nothing should be done at Niagara, and the force should come from the north and the east, as is almost certain, you must be sensible of the diffi- culties which win attend my situation- I can promise nothing but my best and most faithful exertions to promote the honor, of the army and the interest of my country. GENERAL ORDERS. (Repoii, of Trial of Oensral Hull; New York, ISlJt; App^. II., p. 19. Detroit, August 4, 1812. If Major Van Horne^ should deem a larger force neces- sary to guard the provisions from river Eaisin to Detroit, than: the detachment under his command, he is authorized to order Captain Lacroix and fifty of his company to join him, and march on the whole or part of the way to Detroit. It must, however, be so arranged that his march back will be safe, if the company does not proceed the whole distance. (Signed) W". Huli-. Brig. Gen. Commanding. LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN ANDERSON, COMMANDING THE 2ni» REGiMENT OP MICHIGAN MILITIA, TO BRIGi-GENERAL HULL, (Report of Trial of Oensral Hull; New York, ISlJfj App. II., p. 19.) River Raisin, August 4, 1812. Hon'd. Sir, According to your order of the 10th July, I have this day called into actual service all the 2d regiment,- except Captain ]>. Hull's^ company, at the Miami. It appears that we are * Major Thomas B. Van Home of Eindlay's Regiment of Ohio Volun- teers, afterwards lieutenant-colonel of the 26th U.S. Infantry. He was mentioned in despatches for distinguished conduct in the action at * Captain D. Hull, commanding a company of tie 2nd Regiment of Michigan militia enrolled in the settlement near the rapids of th«- Miami. "118 CANADIAN AEOHIVES invaded on all sides ; a number of our citizens has been taken prisoners or killed between the river Huron and Swamjj^ Creek (Swan Creek?), and they have been at Sandy Creek up the settlement, and skulking about. I now wisk to know if I will call Captain Hull's company into service, and how I will organize the regiment, and whether I will take the command as my present rank — if Captain Lacroix will be under my command or not. I am fearful this settlement will be all cut off, since the Wyandots have gone over ;. but I am determined to give them a brushing if they come here. I send Mr. Wm. Knaggs express to wait your answer ; I refer you to him for further news- Wishing to hear what news the mail would give us, I thought proper to detain Mr. Knaggs until its arrival; but finding it did not arrive by nine o'clock this night (the 5th) I have closed my letter. I am doubtful if the mail is not taken, but I hope not; I do all in my power to keep up the spirits of the inhabitants, which is all but exhausted. There is 40 men on guard and patrole at this place, and ten at the Other (Otter) Creek and will continue the same until further orders. We are short of am- munition if attacked, please to keep a little for us if possible. I wish to know how many men will entitle a captain to com- mand. I understand, by good authority, that numbers of Indians is passing on the heads of this river and river Huron, on their way to Maiden ; and, I think, that if some plan is not taken soon, that they will be in thousands at that place before long; but we must not despair in the goodness of providence. I wish you to send Mr. Knaggs out as soon as possible to let us know the news, &c. P.S. In behalf of the inhabitants, I request you will not order away any of the people from this place, for we are too few for its defence; if it was possible, to be succored would ' be best. MAJOE-GENEEAL BEOCK TO COLONEL BATNES. (Canadian Archives, C 611 , p. 1.) York August 4"" 1812 My dear Colonel I shall probably not have to trouble Sir George by this conveyance. He must by this time be in full possession of the state of this Province — He must be sensible that consider- SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 119 able reinforcements are absolutely necessary, and tbat without them my Situation will very soon become very critical The House of Assembly have refused to do any one thing they are required — The truth is that, with of course few ■exceptions, every body Considers the fate of the Country as already decided, and is afraid to appear conspicuous, in the promotion of measures in the least calculated to retard the catastrophe. I cannot hear what is going on at Amherstburg. I begin to be uneasy for Procter, should any accident befall him I shall begin to despond for the fate of Amherstburg — I am collecting a force at Long point with a view to afford him relief, but until I receive information of the state of affairs in that quarter, I cannot move. The last letter f" Col. S* tjreorge is dated the 15*'' written three days after Gen. Hull crossed the River with his army — Mr. Baby coin^ the Militia who has arrived here to attend his parliamentary duties, brought accounts to the 20** on which day, and at the very moment he was setting off, an attack was making on our post, the particulars of which he, of course, is unable to relate, but he heard that Some one had arrived from the field and stated that the enemy was retiring — An Indian has Since reported that he counted 30 dead bodies, and that the Americans had besides many wounded — This attack must have been made in great force — the instructions contained in the Governor's Commission authorize me to proclaim Martial Law in the event of invasion and by the 4**" art of the 24 Sec: of the Mutiny Act " the General, Governor, or Ofjicer Commanding in Chief for the time being is to appoint General Courts Martial " &c. I am in doubt whether I come within the above description — I neither Command in Chief, nor have I the King's Sign Manual to enable me to approve of the sentence of Courts Martial — These are delicate considerations — I be- lieve I should resort to the experiment of declaring Martial Law, but for the above doubts, which cause me to hesitate — Do Militia Officers act during Martial Law indiscriminately with officers of the line? I am told the instant the law is promulgated the Militia will disperse. It may be so, but on the other hand I am convinced that unless strong coercive measures be adopted to restrain the infamous proceedings of the disaffected the province will be lost even without a struggle — ^A petition has already be (en) carried to Gen' Hull signed by many inhabitants about Westminster inviting him to advance 120 OANADIAN ARCHIVES with a promise to join him — What in the name of heaven can be done with such a vile population — The ungrateful and in- famous conduct of the Indians on the Grand River is atill more mortifying. These fellows, give me every inquietude. They afford the Militia a plausible pretext for staying at home '' — They do not like leaving their families within the power of the Indians — The moment Government be in a condition to do itself justice, the first step ought to be to expel the Indians from their present residence and place them out of the reach of doing mischief — My thoughts have been directed to the measures necessary to be adopted to Secure in case of necessity a retreat. The 41°' is necessarily so Much scattered that I find the utmost difficulty to arrange any plan — I scarcely think the enemy will attack my front. He probably will pre- fer making a discent at Sugar Loaf, and another of greater magnitude half way to the head of the Lake or Burlington bay — I shall find the utmost difficulty to concentrate my small force for the instant I quit any part of the frontier a force it is reasonable to expect, will be in readiness to cross and press my rear — The Indians will then shew their true dis- position, And as human nature in all instances in which it determines to forsake and act against a benefactor is found infinitely more rancorous and cruel, every thing horrid must be expected to be committed I intended to have restored L' CartAvright^ to the Society of the 41"' but the officers requested that I should save them the mortification. The fact is the general conduct of that officer has not given satisfaction — I of course could not press the measure, I have recommended his going to Quebec. Do, my dear Colonel, write frequently independently of the post, and give me hopes of more troops — A raiment be- tween Kingston and Montreal, and another here would change the face of affairs materially. MAJOE-GENERAL BROCK TO SIR GEORGE PREVOST. (Canadian Archives, G 677, p. 5.) York, August, 4*^ 1812 Sir, I have the honor to enclose a statement made by me yester- day to His Majesty's Executive Council which will fully 1- Probably liientenant Edward Cartwright of the list Regiment, who was appointed adjutant of the Corps of Voyagenrs, October 2, 1812, and a Btaff-adjntant, November 18, 1813. SUEBENDEE OF DETEOIT 121 apprize Your Excellency of my situation — The Council ad- journed for deliberation, and I have no doubt will recommend the prorogation of the Assembly, and proclamation declaring Martial Law, but doubts occurred in contemplation of such an event, which I take the liberty to submit to your Excellency, and request the aid of your experience and Superior judg- ment — T*' In the event of declaring Martial Law can I without the Sign Manual approve and Carry into effect the Sentence of a General Court Martial — 2^ Can I put upon a General Court Martial, after Martial Law is proclaimed, any Person not a Commissioned Officer in His Majesty's regular forces — In other words, can Militia Officers sit in conjunction with those of the line — ? Your Excellency, I feel confident, will readily excuse the direct manner which I presume to put my queries — Should Militia Officers be debarred sitting, the proclamation of Martial Law will be a perfect nullity — There is now a want of a sufficient number of Officers at any one place in this widely extended Province to compose a Court Martial and unless Militia Officers be admitted as members, the Law cannot operate — I have the honor to be (&c.) I am this instant informed that a motion was made in the House of Assembly and lost only by two voices that the Militia should be at liberty to return home if they did not receive their pay on a fixed day in each Month — ^Your Excellency will be sensible of the necessity of furnishing the Officer of the Commissariat at each post with the means of satisfying their demand — A paper medium would, I think, answer every purpose A vessel has just anchored from Niagara from which I learn that M" Procter had received letters from the Colonel dated Amherstburg — I had no idea of being detained here so long, and my dis- patches being forwarded where I expected to be, prevents my announcing their contents to your Excellency by this oppor- tunity — L B. 5*^ Aug' 122 CANADIAN AECHIVES CAPTAIN J. B. GLEGG, A.D.C., TO COLONEL BAYNES. (Canadian Archives, 677, p. 10.) York Wed : night 5*^ Aug"' 9 o'clock Dear Sir, Despatches from Amherstburg to the SO"" Ult" inclusive having reached this Post just as the General was preparing to prorogue the House of Assembly, the duty of enclosing copies of the most important documents for the information of His Excellency the Commander of the Forces has again devolved on me, during his unavoidable absence and occupation with the necessary arrangements to be adopted during the present crisis — The accompanying communications speak so fully res- pecting the actual state of our operations and resources near the scene of warfare that I shall refrain from intruding any remarks that private information has furnished — The General gave his assent this afternoon to a few Bills (none of them of any particular importance) and immediately prorogued the Assemblies until the lO"" of Sep" — Their conduct in the past augured, very little for the future, and the absence of a few of the members from their respective Districts, was of too much importance to be prolonged under circumstances where so little real public advantage could be expected — The General will embark in a merchant vessel in one hour for the head of the Lake where it is propable he will arrive early tomorrow morning, and as arrangements are already made, it is probable he will reach Long Point tomorrow evening — It is probable a force will be found there, amounting to three hundred picked volunteers and 60 of the 41°' with one 6 prd' detached from the Car Brigade. With this force it is highly probable every effort will be immediately made, to reinforce our friends at Amherstburg, and I am happy in being able to add that a great proportion of boats are now in readiness to carry that measure into exe- cution. I cannot refrain from intruding an assurance that the General's presence at Long Point and elsewhere at the Head of the army will have the very best effect, and such is his popularity amongst the best classes of our population, that I feel confident in saying, that provided Gen* Hull, has not overwhelmed our small, but gallant force at Amherstburg before the arrival of this Reinforcement, our united troops Tvill give a good account of his army. On arriving at Long SUKEENDEE OF DETROIT 123 Point I shall again do myeolf the honor of reporting, provided the General is occupied with other duties. P.S. Your liberality will make every allowance for my numerous inaccuracies, as I have not time to make a fair or correct copy. aOyERNOE HARRISON TO THE SECRETARY OJP WAR. (EXTRACT). (Historical Narrative of the Civil and Military Services of Major-Oeneral Wm. H. Harrison, by Moses Dawson; Gincinnati, 182^.; p. 272.) Cincinnati, 6"" August, 1812. Sir, I have this day received, by express from governor Scott, the enclosed letter, and I shall immediately obey the summons. The information received a day or two ago from Detroit is of the most unpleasant nature; the loss of Mackinac will be probably followed by the capture of fort Dearborn, and the suspension of offensive measures by Hull's army, will, I fear, give great strength to the British party amongst the Indians. The assemblage of Indians mentioned by governor Edwards, upon the Illinois river is also calculated to excite apprehen- sions for the safety of the settlements of Kaskaskias or Vin- cennes. It is, however, my opinion, that it will be the object of the British to draw as many of the Indians as possible towards Maiden to cut off the supplies from, and ultimately to capture general Hull's army. To prevent this, even if there should be no real intentions of carrying on offensive operations from. Vincennes or Kaskaskias, feints from either or both would be highly useful to keep the Indians at home. I shall do myself the honor to write to you from Frankfort and commu- nicate the result of the interview with governor Scott. GENERAL ORDER. (EXTRACT.) (Canadian Archives, C 1168, p. 233.) Adjutant General's Office Quebec 6"" August 1812 General Orders/ The Commander of the Forces takes great pleasure in also announcing to the Troops, that the Enemy under Brig' Gen' 124 CANADIAN AEOHIVES Hull have been repulsed in three Attacks made on the IS*' lO*^ & 20"" of last month, upon part of the Garrison of Am- herstburg, upon the River Canard, in the neighbourhood of that place, & in which attacks His Majesty's 41°' Eeg* have particularly distinguished themselves. In justice to that Corps, His Excellency wishes particularly to call the attention of the Troops to the heroism & self devotion displayed by two Privates, who being left Centinels when the Party to which they belonged had retired, continued to maintain their station, against the whole of the Enemy'sjforce, untill they both fell, when one of them, whose arm had been broken, again raising himself, opposed, with his bayonet those advancing against him, until he was overwhelmed by numbers; An Instance of such firmness and intrepidity, deserves to be thus publickly recorded, and His Excellency trusts that it will not fail to ani- mate the Troops under his Command, with an ardent desire to follow so noble an example, whenever an opportunity shall be hereafter afforded them. (Signed) R'. M^Dguall^ Assis*. Adj*. General Wh. STANTON = TO LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN MACDONELL, A.D.C. (Canadian Archives, C 688 A, p. 165.) 1 Aug* 1812 Dear Sir/ The Servants Start with the Generals Horses and yours this morning (Monday) at 9 A M — I put into the hands of your Servant five Dollars to pay for the Generals Horses feeding Dutts I fear is not to be trusted with money where Drink is to be purchased. ^ Captain Bobert McDouall of the 8th Begiment, aide-de-camp to the - governor-general J major in the Glengarry Light Infantry, February 1813 ; lieutenant-colonel, July 29, 1813 ; commandant at Mackinac, May 1814 ; . major-general, 1841; died at Stranraer, November 15, 1848. * William Stanton, paymaster of militia in the Home district. STTEBENDEB OF DETROIT 125 GENERAL OBDBE. '(History of the Late War in the Western Country, McAfee, p. 76.) Sandwich, August 7, 1812. Doctor Edwards will tajje charge of the medical and sur- .gical departments until further orders and will immediately make every preparation to take the field against the enemy. All the tents and baggage not necessary will be immediately sent to Detroit. The boats not necessary for the movement of the army will be sent to Detroit. An officer with twenty-five convalescents will remain at the fort at Gowie's with a boat sufficient to cross the river if necessary. All the artillery not taken by the army will be sent immediately to Detroit. The army will take seven days' provisions-. Three days' pro- visions will be drawn to-morrow morning and will be cooked ; the residue will be taken in waggons. Pork will be drawn for the meat part of the ration. One hundred axes, fifty spades, and twenty pickaxes will be taken for the army and a raft of timber and plank suitable for bridges will be prepared and floated down with the batteries. Only one day's whiskey will be drawn each day and twelve barrels will be taken in wag- gons. All the artificers and all men on any kind of extra duty ■will immediately join their regiments. W. Httll, Brig. Gen. BEIG.-GENBEAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. {Historical Register of the United States, 1812-lS; ed. 2, Philadelphia, 1814; Vol II., p. Jf7.) Sandivich, August 7, 1812. Sir, — on the 4th inst. major Vanhorn, of colonel Findley's regiment of Ohio volunteers, was detached from this army, with the command of 200 men, principally riflemen, to pro- ceed to the river Kaisin, and further, if necessary, to meet and reinforce capt. Brush, of the state of Ohio, commanding a , company of volunteers, and escorting provisions for this army. At Brownstown, a large body of Indians had formed an ambuscade, and the major's detachment received a heavy fire, at the distance of fifty yards from the enemy. The whole 126 CANADIAN ARCHIVES detachment retreated in disorder. Major Vanhorn made every exertion to form, and prevent the retreat, that vras possible for a brave and gallant officer, but without success. By the return of killed and wounded, it will be perceived, that the loss of officers was uncommonly gi-eat. The efforts to rally their companies was the occasion of it. _^ • Report of killed in Major Vanhorne's defeat. Captains Gilchrist, UUery, M'Callough of the spies, Eoerstler severely wounded, and not expected to recover (since dead) ; lieutenant Pentz ; ensigns Eoby and Allison ; 10 pri- vates. Total 17. iN'umber of wounded, as yet unknown. BRIG.-GENEEAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Report of Trial of General Hull; Neiv York, 181U; App. 11., p. 12.) Detroit, 8*'' August, 1812. Sir — I have received your letter of the 26th July. Under existing circumstances I have, from private feelings, re-crossed the Detroit River with the main body of the army, without making an attempt on the British fort at Maiden. My reasons were that I did not consider it could be done consistent with my orders, viz. the safety of the posts in our own country. Contrary to my expectations, the Wyandots have become hos- tile, and the other nations connected with them are following their example. Since the fall of Machana (Mackinack) the Indian force has been fast encreasing in this part of the country. From all the information, a large Indian and Cana- dian force may be expected from Mackinack, and the force from Niagara, which I mentioned in my former letter, is advancing. My communications with the state of Ohio, on which the supplies of this army depended, is cut off, and having been defeated in an attempt to open that commu- nication, as appears by my letter of the 7th inst. I considered it indispensibly necessary to open that communication. Per- haps the reduction of Maiden would have been the most effectual mode.' The bridges were broke down and the nature of the country was such that the officers of the artillery gave it as their opinion that the heavy pieces could not be brought before the work without much time and great labour; more SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 127 time than would have been safe to have employed. Time does not admit of a detail of all the difficulties which every hour were encreasing. I have built a work nearly opposite Detroit, garrisoned by 230 infantry and 25 artillerists. In pursuance of my system, Lieutenant Colonel Miller is now commencing his march with six hundred of the best troops of the army to meet Captain Brush from Ohio with two hundred volunteers, . escorting 300 head of cattle and a quantity of flour on pack- horses. MAJOR-GENEEAL DEARBORN TO THE SECRETARY OP WAR. (Memoirs of the Campaign of the North Western Army, hy General Hull; Boston, ISSJ/.; p. 180.) Headquarters, Greenhush, Aug. 9"", 1812. Sir, — Colonel Baynes, Adjutant General of the British army in Canada, has this day arrived at this place, in the character of a Flag of Truce, with despatches from the British govern- ment, through Mr. Foster,^ which I have enclosed to the Sec- retary. Colonel Baynes was likewise the bearer of despatches from Sir George Prevost which is herewith enclosed. Although I do not consider myself authorized to agree to a cessation of arms, I concluded that I might with perfect safety, agree that our troops should act merely on the defensive, until I could receive directions from my government;^ but as I could not include General Hull in such an arrangement, he having re- ceived his orders directly from the department of war, I agreed to write to him, and state the proposition made to me, and have proposed, his confining himself to defensive measures, if his orders, and the circumstances of affairs with him, would justify it. Colonel Baynes has written similar orders to the British officers in Upper Canada, and I have forwarded them to our commanders of posts, to be by them transmitted to the British commanders. I consider the agreement as favourable at this period, for we would not act offensively, except at Detroit, for some time, and there' it will not probably have any effect on General Hull or his movements, and we shall not be prepared to act offen- 1 Angustus J. Foster, British envoy at Washington. * On AuBust 26, General Dearborn notified General Prevost that 4 days after his despatch reached the commandant at Montreal this agree- ment for the suspension of hostilities would become void. 128 CANADIAN AEOHIVES sively in this quarter, before you will have time to give me orders for continuing on the defensive or act otherwise. We shall lose no time, or advantage, hy the agreement, but -rather gain time without any risk. It is mutually understood, that all preparatory measures may proceed, and that no obstructions are to be attempted, on either side, to the passage of stores, to the frontier posts; but if General Hull should not think it advisable to confine himself to mere defensive operations, the passage of military stores to Detroit, will not be considered as embraced in the agreement last noticed. Col. Baynes informs me, that a party of British troops and Indians, had taken possession of Michilimackinac, and that our garrison were prisoners. I made no particular en- quiry as to the circumstances, as I entertained some doubts as to the fact. I have no expectation that the government will consent to a cessation of hostilities, on the strength of the com- munication forwarded by Mr. Foster; but all circumstances considered, it may be well to avail ourselves of the occasion, until we are better prepared for acting with effect; at all events, we can lose nothing by the arrangement, I have con- sented to, it being explicitly understood, that my government will not be under any obligations to agree to it, unless that despatches from the British government should be such, as to induce the President to propose an armistice, as preparatory for negotiations for peace. I informed Colonel Baynes, that our government would readily meet any such overture from Great Britain, as clearly indicated a disposition for making [>eace on satisfactory terms; but after what had occurred, in relation to the adjustment with Mr. Erskine/ it could not be expected that any other than the most explicit and authentic directions to their agent in this country, would produce any change in our measures. It is evident that a war with the United States is very impopular in Canada. — Colonel Baynes arrived at our frontier post, at Plattsburg, and was conducted to this place by Major Clark, an officer in the detached militia of this state^ he returned this day with the same officer. 1 David Montauue Ersklne, British envoy to TJnited States, 1806. He was reoall-ed in 1809 for having exceeded nis instructions with regard to overtures towards peace. SUEEENDER OF DETROIT 129 MAJOR-GENERAL DEARBORN TO BRIG.-GENERAL HULL. (Memoirs of the Campaign of the North Western Army, hy General Hull; Boston, 182 Jt, p. 182.) Headquarters, Oreenbush, Aug. Q"*, 1812 Sir, — Having received from Sir George Prevost, Governour General, and commander of the Britisli forces in Upper and Lower Canada, despatches from the British government said to be of a conciliatory nature, which I have forwarded to Washington, and a letter from Sir George Prevost to me, bjj his Adjutant General, Colonel Baynes, proposing a cessation of hostilities on the frontiers; I have so far agreed to hia proposals as to consent that no offensive operations shall be attempted on our part, until I have received further instruc- tions from our government; but as you received your orders directly from the department of war, I could not agree to extend the principle to your command, but I agreed to write to you, and state the general facts ; and propose to you a con- currence in the measures, if your orders and situation would admit of it; of course you will act in conformity with what has been agreed upon, in respect to the other posts on the fron- tiers, if not incompatible with your orders, or the arrangements made under them, or the circumstances under which this letter reaches you. Any preparations for offensive operations may be continuedj, and when it is agreed to suspend any offensive operations no obstacles are to be opposed to the transportation of military stores. In all cases where offensive operations cease, by virtue of the aforementioned agreement, four entire days are to be allowed, after either party shall revoke their orders, before any offensive operations shall commence. A letter from Colonel Baynes, to the C9mmanding officer at Am- herstburg, has been forwarded by me to the commanding officer at Niagara, to be by him transmitted to Detroit. The removal of any troops from IsTiagara to Detroit, while the present agree- ment continues, would be improper, and incompatible with the true interest of the agreement. I have made no arrange- ment that should have any effect upon your command contrary to your own judgment. 178(M— 9 130 CANADIAN ARCHIVES LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN MACDONALD TO DUNCAN CAMBRON.i (Life and Times of Major-Oeneral Sir Isaac Brock, hy D. B. Read; Toronto, 18H; p. 150.) Port Talbot, 10th August, 1812. My Dear Sir, — We left Dover on the 8th, between three and four o'clock p.m., and got to this place about six this morning, when the wind blew so strong upon the shore that we found it would be quite impracticable to weather the point about thirty miles ahead, and between which and this place there is no possibility of landing, so were forced to beach and haul our boats into a fine creek, where, from present appearances, it is probable they will remain till to-morrow morning, and how much longer I cannot say. It has rained almost constantly since we en- camped last night, and, although the men have been completely drenched, they continue in excellent spirits and behave in the most orderly and obedient manner. Peter Robinson,^ with his riflemen, joined us about twelve o'clock to-day, and our fleet now consists of twelve sail of all kinds, in one of which is a six-pounder (dismounted) with ammunition, etc. The want of boats obliged the General to send a detachment, con- sisting of about 100 men of the Oxford and Norfolk militia, in a small vessel which happened to be at Dover, which must have reached Amherstburgh this morning. / Upon our arrival at Dover, it was said that a sufficient number of boats to embark the whole of the force assembled there had been got ready; but upon examination we found that hardly one was in a state for service, and it was not till about four o'clock next day, with every exertion, that we got ten boats under way. Many of these are in so bad a state that we are constantly delayed and detained by them, and will no doubt prevent our arriving so soon as we otherwise would. ^ Duncan Cameron, assistant secretary for the Indian Department in Upper Canada; captain commanding a flank company of the Srd Regiment of York militia. ^ Peter Eohinson, a brother of Sir ,Tohn Beverley Bobinson, was captain of the rifle company of the 1st York militia, and afterwards lieutenant-colonel commanding the 1st Northumberland Regiment. Ho represented the east riding of the county of York in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1816 to 1820, and the counties of York and Simcoe from 1820 until 1824. At a later date he was instrumental in bringing many emigrants from Ireland into the province, and founded the town of Peterborough. He was appointed commissioner of Crown Lands. He died in 1838. SUBBENDEE OF DETSOIT 131 Had there been boats enou^, we probably would have had with U3 about 100 men more than we have. Our force at present, including the men sent in the vessel, will be upwards of 350, besides twenty Indians under Cadotte,^ who has fallen behind. There will be sixty men of the 41st sent from Fort Erie, which will, I trust, be found sufficient reinforcement to the garrison of Amherstburgh to enable us to effect the desired object. Xot having heard a word from Amherstburgh since we left you, we must suppose things remain in the same state. I am sorry to say that poor Chambers was taken so ill just as we ^rere about to embark, that Mr. Eolph^ thought it absolutely necessary to detain him '. . . Chambers, I -am glad to tell you, has arrived apparently perfectly recovered — not from his illness, but from his fear of being left behind, which, I believe, gave him more uneasi- ness than all his other complaints. GOVERNOR HARRISON TO THE SECRETARY OP WAR. (Historical Narrative of the Civil and Military Services of Major-General Wm. H. Harrison, by Moses Dawson; Cincinnati, 18 H; p. 273.) Lexington (ky.) 10* August, 1812, Sir, Upon my arrival at Frankfort on Saturday last, I was favored by governor Scott with the perusal of a late communi- cation from governor Edwards covering a number of docu- ments which unequivocally prove the existence of a combination amongst the Indian tribes, more formidable than any previous one. And as the only obstacle to the commencement of offen- sive operations on their part, (the want of ammunition,) has been removed by the taking of Macinac, I have determined to order four companies of Indiana militia to march from the counties bordering on the Ohio, to Vincennes, and they will soon be followed by a regiment from this state. I have also informed governor Scott that all the remaining part of the quota of this state will be required for active service northwest ^ Probably Jean B. Cadot, an interpreter in the Indian Department of Upper Canada, holding the rank of lieutenant for the Western Nations from 1814. ^ Probably Dr. John Rolph, afterwards noted as a political ally of William tyon Mackenzie. 17804— 9i 132 CANADIAN ARCHIVES of the Ohio. Previously to the taking of any other steps, however, I have thought it proper to recur to you for further instructions, and most respectfully to offer you the result of my reflections on the subject of the employment of the dis- posable force in this quarter of our country. As it appears, from your letter of the 19th ult. that the government had determined on offensive measures against the belligerant Indians, the fact, then, to be considered is the nature and ex- tent of those measures. ' Two species of warfare have been used by the United States in their contests with the tribes upon the north-ivestern frontier, viz: rapid and desultory expedi- tions by mounted men, having for their object, the surprise and destruction of particular villages; or the more tardy, but effectual, operations of an army composed principally of in- fantry, penetrating the country of the enemy, and securing the possession by a chain of posts. In the war which was terminated by the peace of Greenville, both of these plans were used, but the former as auxiliary only to the latter, which was regarded as the effectual means for procuring and preserving peace. If, under the present circumstances, the government should think proper to rely upon desultory ex- peditions only, they would naturally be directed against those villages of the enemy which are nearest, and which, of course, would most annoy our settlements. But the direction to be given to an army of the other description, requires more at- tentive consideration. In the present posture of affairs, it appears to me that one of the plans which I have the honor to submit, might be adopted with advantage. The first Is to establish a chain of posts upon the Illinois river, from the Mississippi to Chicago, and the other, to march immediately a considerable body of troops to fort Wayne. If it were certain that general Hull would be able even with the rein- forcement which is now about to be sent to him, to reduce Maiden and retake Macinac, there would be no necessity of sending other troops in that direction. But I greatly fear that the capture of Macinac will give such eclat to the British and Indian arms, that the northern tribes will pour down in swarms upon Detroit, oblige general Hull to act entirely upon the defensive, and meet, and perhaps overpoAver, the convoys iind reinforcements which may be sent him. It appears to ine, indeed, highly probable that the large detachment which is now destined for his relief, under colonel Wells' will have 1 Samuel Wells, appointed colonel of the 17th Regiment of United Siates Infantry, July 6, 1812. SURRENDER OF DETROIT 133 to fight its yvsij. I rely greatly upon the valor of those troops, but it is possible that the event may be adverse to us, and if it is, Detroit must fall, and with it every hope of re-establish- ing our affairs in that quarter until next 2?ear. I am also apprehensive that the provisions which are to be sent with colonel Wells are by no means equal to the supply of the army for any length of time, increased, as it will be, by this detach- ment. They must then depend upon smaller convoys, which can never reach their destination in safety, if the British and Indians think proper to prevent it. Commanding, as they do, the navigation of the lake, the British can, with the utmost facility, transfer their force from one side of it to the other, meet our deitachments, and overpower them, if they are small, whilst performing a laborious and circuitous march through a swampy country, at any point they think proper. To prevent these disasters, or to remedy them, should they occur, a con- siderable covering army appears to me to be the only alterna- tive ; for should any of my apprehensions be realized, it is out of the question that troops could be collected in time to render any essential service. There are other considerations which strongly recommend the adoption of this measure. I mean the situation of Chicago, which must be in danger, and if it is not well supplied with provisions, the danger must be imminent. It is possible, sir, that every thing may yet go well, that no considerable number of Indians may be collected at Maiden, and that our detachments and convoys may reach their destination in safety; the reverse, however, appears to me to be the most probable; and I am fully persuaded that the opinions and wishes of the people in the western country, are unanimously in favor of the most vigorous and effectual measures; In this state, particularly, the spirit of the people is arrived to the highest pitch, and the government may rely on their utmost efforts. To be furnished with arms, and to be allowed to exert their energies to establish our affairs upon the north-western frontier, is earnestly desired by every description of persons. An army going in the proposed direction, particularly if it was sent to fort Wayne, would serve as a considerable check upon the tribes of the Wabash, and those of the west and south of lake Michigan. Supplies could he easily procured in the highly cultivated part of the Ohio between the Miami and Scioto rivers. If the plan here proposed should be adopted, some display of military force, by way of demonstration, would be highly useful, both at Vincennes and in the neighborhood 134 CANADIAN AECHIVES of Oahokia or St. Louis. Indeed, some troops are necessary for the defence of those places and the adjacent settlement*. The only objection to the scheme of erecting a chain of posts from the Mississippi to the Chicago arises from the lateness of the season, which would, perhaps, render it im- possible to collect the supplies which are necessary for the very large force that this expedition would require. It could not be undertaken with a probability of success with less than $000 men. Moving in the manner proposed, the Indians would be apprised of the object and there can be no doubt that every effort would be made to defeat it, and as little, that they would be enabled to collect a force at least equal to that which I have stated is the necessary amount for ours. If the advanced season should prevent the plan from being completed, it might, at least, be so far effected as to occupy Peoria (an important point,) and erect an intermediate post between it and the mouth ef the Illinois river. A slight inspection of the map of that country, and reference to the position of the various tribes, will at once explain the great advantage to be derived from a prosecution of the plan. It would as completely cover our settlements as a chain of posts can cover them; and it would have the effect so highly desirable, of bringing the Indian tribes to a general and decisive action. From the enclosed letter* of captain Wells, it appears that the prophet had abandoned all idea of remaining upon the Wabash, and that it was his intention to return, after making a stroke at our settlements, to the country of the Winebagoes. As the order of Tecumseh was given, however, under the im- pression that Maiden would shortly fall into our hands, it is highly probable that the procrastination of that event, and the suspension of offensive operational upon the part of general Hull's army, has inspired other hopes, and given rise to other schemes. If this should be the case, and he remains upon the Wabash, and neither of the other plans wihich I have recom- mended is adopted, a second expedition against him might be undertaken from Vincennes, or the driving him off might form part of the plan to be executed by the army proposed to be collected at fort Wayne. With the opinion I entertain of the situation of affairs at Detroit, I give a decided prefer- ence to the fort Wayne expedition. I do think it highly probable that the Indians have been collected in very consider- able numbers to relieve their friends at Maiden, but I have no further evidence of it, nor, indeed, of the extensive com- 1 For this letter, see p. 78. 8UEBENDBB OI" DETEOIT 135 bination which I suppose to exist amongst the Indian tribes than what is, or will be, before you at the time you receive this. Your favor of the 9th inst. I have submitted to governor Scott, Mr. Clay,^ Mr. Bledsoe, and other conspicuous friends of the administration here, and they have all recommended that I should not put any other part of the troops in motion until I hear from you, excepting the few companiesi that have been ordered for the protection of Vincennes. Should the government think proper to authorise the employment of a larger force than the amount of the quota ordered from this state, no fears need be entertained of its not being obtained. I will pledge myself to raise in ten days, two thousand men, for any expedition which may be authorised, wholly inde- pendent of the regular militia, or of the quota which has been organized. I am constantly solicited to suffer independent companies to be raised, of both horse and infantry. I should be thankful to be informed of the proportion of cavalry which I may command. It is a description of force to which I am very partial in Indian warfare. If a sufficiency of swords and pistols cannot be procured, I would recommend that some of the dragoon companies be armed with the small rifles now used by the United States rifle corps. COLONEL PROCTER TO MAJOR-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C- 677, p. 18.) Amherstburg Aug 11* 1812 Dear Sir Since the 25*'' TJlt° the Enemy has made no Attempt on this side the River. On the 2* Ins* the Wyndots having at last decided on joining the other Nations of Indians, of whom they are the bravest, & eldest, against the Americans ; a considerable Body of Indians accompanied the Chief Tecumseth, to the Village of the Wyndots (Brownstown), nearly thirty Miles on the opposite Shore from Detroit, and five from hence. I sent a Detachment of a hundred Men under the Command of Captain Muir to enable the Wyndots to Bring off their Fami- lies, Cattle & Effects. This was effected much to the Disap- pointment of M' Hull who has given them a considerable Sum J- Henry Clay represented Kentucky in Congress from 1809, and was speaker in that body 1811-li. 136 CANADIAN AB0HIVE8 of Money in the Hope of retaining them in the American Interest. Tecumseth who has generally many Indians with him remained, by which M' Hull's Communication with his Government was interrupted. On the 5**" Ins* a select Detach- ment of two hundred Riflemen from several Corps were sent to escort the Mail from Detroit, which however they lost, and about fifty killed. I had sent a Detachment but they unfortun- ately could not reach the Scene of Action until the Affair was finished. The Indians lost only one Man, an Interpreter. I enclose a Copy of M' Hull's Letter to Secretary at War : Saturday (the 8*'',) being the usual Day of the Post's Ar- rival at Detroit, every Road & Indian Path, was occupied on the 7* 8, & O*"" Ins*' in the hope of intercepting the Mail for Detroit, as well as expected Supplies. On the 9*** on finding that a considerable Body of the Enemy were on the March to Brownstown I sent a Reinforcement under Captain Muir which completed the Force there to 150 .Men besides Indians, whose JSTumbers it is not possible on any Occasion exactly to ascertain. In this Affair we have not entirely succeeded. The Enemy had some Artillery, which their JSTumbers enabled them to make a Road for. The Ground on which the Ameri- cans had been so roughly treated on the 5**" Ins* was not as it ought to have been, occupied, & some Mis.take was made, the Party retreated, the 41'* has lost three Dead, thirteen wounded, & two Missing. Militia one killed & two wounded, Indiana two killed & six wounded. Captain Muir is slightly wounded, M' Sutherland^ seriously wounded. I can ill spare Captain Muir's Services, for ever so short a Time. He is a brave good Officer. It was a warm Action, & the Officers behaved well, some Militia Officers were volunteers & acted with Spirit. The Enemy's Loss has been considerable. We are all in good Spirits.-^I detained the Express in hopes of sending some Information from the Mail. I have heard from Captain Chambeus, & from Norton whom I hope soon to see here. (P.S.) The Militia are coming in, and Indians also. ^ Charles Sutherland, lieutenant in the 41st Regiment. SUEEENDEB OF DETBOIT 137 DISTRICT GENERAL ORDERS. (Order Book of Lt.-Colonel John Macdonell.) Headquarters, Banks of Lake Erie, 15 Miles S.W. of Port Talbot. August 11th, 1812, 6 o'clock, p.m. D. General Orders. The troops will hold themselves in readiness and will embark in the boats at twelve o'clock, this night precisely. It is Major General Brock's positive orders that none of the "boats go ahead of that in which is the Headquarters, where a light will be carried during the night. The officers commanding the different boats will immedi- ately inspect the arms and ammunition of the men and see that they are constantly kept in a state for immediate service, as the troops are now to pass through a part of the country which is known to have been visited by the enemy's patroles. A, captain with a subaltern and thirty men will mount as piquet upon the landing of the boats and a sentry will be fur- nished from each boat, who must be regularly relieved, to take charge of the boat and baggage, &c. A patrole from the piquet will be sent out on landing to the distance of a mile from the encampment. By order of the Major General. J. B. Glegg, Oapt'n, A.D.C. J. MACDOlfELL, P.A.D.C. LIEUT.-COLONEL CASS TO GOVERNOR MEIGS. (McAfee, History of the Late War in the Western Country, p. 83.) Detroit, August 12, 1812. Dear Sir. From causes not fit to be put on paper but which I trust I shall live to communicate to you, this army has been reduced to a critical and alarming situation. We have wholly left the the Canadian shore and have abandonod the miserable inhabi- tants who depended on our will and power to protect them, to their fate. Unfortunately the General and our principal officers could not view the situation in the same light. That 138 CANADIAN AECHIVES Maiden might have been easily reduced I have no doubt. That the army were in force and in spirits enough to have done it, no one doubts. But the precious opportunity has fled and instead of looking back we must now look forward. The letter from the Secretary of War to you, a copy of which I have seen, authorizes you to preserve and keep open the communica- tion from the State of Ohio to Detroit. It is all important that it should be kept open; our very existence depends upon it. Our supplies must come from our State. This countiy does not furnish them. In the existing state of things, nothing but a large force of 2,000 men at least will effect this object. It is the unanimous wish of the army that you should accompany them. Every exertion that can, must be made. If this reaches you safely by Murray, he will tell you more than I can or ought here to insert. Endorsed. Since the other side of this letter was written, new circum- stances have arisen. The British force is opposite and our situation has nearly reached its crisis. Believe all the bearer may tell you. Believe it however much it may astonish, as much as if told by one of us. Even a c is talked o£ by the. ....... The bearer will supply the vacancy. On you we depend. (Signed by Cass, Findley, McArthur, Taylor,* and E. Brush,2), DISTRICT GENERAL OKDEBS. (Order Book of Lt.-Colonel John Macdonell.) Headquarters, Point aux Pins. Lake Erie, August 12th, 1812, D. General Orders. It is Major General Brock's intention, should the wind continue fair to proceed during the night. Officers command- ing boats will therefore pay attention to the order of sailing as directed yesterday. The greatest care and attention will be requisite to prevent the boats from scattering or falling behind. A great part of the bank of the lake where the boats will ^ General James Taylor, quartermaster-general of General Hull's force. 2 Colonel Elijah Brush of the 1st Regiment of Michigan militia, and attorney-general of the Miohiffan territory; his wife was Adelaide Askin, daughter of Colonel John Askin and si-ster of Charles Askin. SUKKENDEE OF DETEOIT 139 this day pass is much more dangerous and difficult of access than any we have passed. The boats will therefore not land excepting in the most extreme necessity, and the greatest care must be taken to choose the best places for landing. The troops being now in the neighbourhood of the enemy, every precaution must be taken to guard against surprise. By order of the Major General. J. B. Glegg, A.D.C. BRIG.-GENEKAL HULL TO THE SECEETAEY OF WAK. (Historical Register of the United States, 1812-13; 2 ed., Philadelphia', 1814; Vol. IT, p. J^7.) Detroit, August 13, 1812. Sir, the main body of the army having re-crossed the river at Detroit on the night and morning of the 8th inst. six hun- dred men were immediately detached under the command of lieutenant-colonel Miller, to open the communication to the river Kaisin, and protect the provisions, which were under the escort of captain Brush. This detachment consisted of the 4th United States' regiment and two small detachments under the command of lieutenant Stansbury and ensign M'Labe, of the 1st regiment; detachments from the Ohio and Michigan volunteers, a corps of artillerists, with one six pounder and an howitzer, under the command of lieutenant Eastman, and a part of captains Smith and Sloan's cavalry, commanded by captain Sloan of the Ohio volunteers. Lieutenant-colonel Mil- ler marched from Detroit on the afternoon of the 8th instant, and on the 9th, about 4 o'clock, P.M., the van guard, com- manded by captain Snelling^ of the 4th United States' regi- ment, was fired on by an extensive line of British troops and Indians at the lower part of Maguago, about fourteen miles from Detroit. At this time the main body was marching in two columns, and captain Snelling maintained his position in a most gallant manner, under a very heavy fire, until the line was formed and advanced to the ground he occupied, when the whole, excepting the rear guard, was brought into action. The enemy were formed behind a temporary breast-work of logSi, ^ Joseph Snelling was appointed first lieutenant in the 4th Regi- ment of United States Infantry in April 1809; promoted captain, June 1809; brevet-major, August 1812; inspector-general, April 1813; lieutenant- colonel of the 4itli Regiment of Riflemen, Fel>ruary 1814; colonel of the 5th Regiment of Infantry, 1819; died at Washington, D.C., August 20, 1828. 140 CANADIAN ARCHIVES the Indians extending in a thick wood on the left. Lieutenant- colonel Miller ordered his whole line to advance, and when within a small distance of the enemy made a general discharge, and proceeded with charged bayonets, when the whole British line and Indians commenced a retreat. They were pursued in a most vigorous manner about two miles, and the pursuit discontinued only on account of the fatigue of the troops, the approach of evening, and the necessity of returning to the care of the wounded. The judicious arrangements made by Lieutenant-colonel Miller, and the gallant manner in which they were executed, justly entitled him to the highest honour. From the moment the line commenced to fire, it continually moved on, and the enemy maintained their position until forced at the point of the bayonet. The Indians on the left, under the command of Tecumseh, fought with great obstinacy, but were continuially forced and compelled to retreat. The victory was complete in every part of the line, and the success would have been more brilliant had the cavalry charged the enemy on the retreat, when a most favourable opportunity presented. Alifchough orders were given for the purpose, un- fortunately they were not executed. Majors Vanhorn and Morrison, of the Ohio volunteers, were associated with lieutenant-colonel Miller, as field officers in this command, and were highly distinguished by their exer- tions in forming the line, and the firm and intrepid manner they led their respective commands to action. Captain Baker of the 1st United States' regiment, captain Brevort of the second, and captain Hull of the 13th, my aid- de-camp, and lieutenant Whistler of the 1st, requested permis- sion to join the detachment as volunteers. Lieutenant-colonel Miller assigned commands to captain Baker and lieutenant Whistler, and captains Brevort and Hull, at his request, at- tended his person, and ■aided him in the general arrangements. Lieutenant-colonel Miller has mentioned these officers in terms of high approbation. In addition to the captains who have been named, lieutenant-colonel Miller has mentioned captains Bur- ton and EuUer of the 4th regiment, captains Saunders and Brown of the Ohio volunteers, and captain Delandre of the Michigan volunteers, who were attached to his command, and distinguished by their valour. It is impossible for me in this communication to do justice to the officers and soldiers, who gained the victory which I have described. They have acquired high honour to themselves, and are justly entitled to the gratitude of their country. SUEKENDEE OF DETROIT 141 Major Miiir of the 41st regiment commanded the British in this action. The regulars, and volunteers consisted of about four hundred, and a large number of Indians. Major Muir and two subalterns were wounded, one of them since dead. About forty Indians were found dead on the field, and Tecum- seh their leader was slightly wounded. The number of wounded Indians who escaped has not been ascertained. Four of Major Muir's detachment have been made prisoners, and fifteen of the 41st regiment killed or wounded. The militia and volunteers attached to his command were in the severest part of the action, and their loss must have been great — it has not yet been ascertained. Return of hilled and luounded in the action fought near Maguaga, August 9, 1812. 4th United States' regiment — 10 non-commissioned officers and privates killed, and forty-five wounded; capt. Baker of the 1st regiment of Infantry ; lieutenant Larrabee of the 4th ; lieutenant Peters of the 4tli; ensign Whistler of the 17th, doing duty in the 4th; lieutenant Silly, and an ensign, whose name ha® not been returned to me, were wounded. In the Ohio and Michigan volunteers,, 8 were killed and 13 wounded. DISTRICT GENERAL ORDERS. (Order Booh of Lt.-Colonel John Macdonell.) Headquarters, Fort Amherstburg, August 14th, 1812. D. General Orders. Major General Brock announces his arrival to the troops quartered in the Western District, and directs officers in com- mand will immediately transmit returns of their respective corps. The Major General congratulates the troops on the evacu- ation of the country by the enemy. He is persuaded that nothing but the spirit manifested by those who have remained doing duty, and the judicious measures adopted by Colonel Procter have compelled him to =o disgraceful a retreat. 142 CANADIAN ARCHIVES Colonel Elliott and Major McKee^ and the officers of the Indian Department are entitled to his best thanks for their judicious management of the Indians, and for the example of gallantry which they have uniformly shown before the enemy. The Major General cannot avoid expressing his surprise at the numerous desertions which have occurred from the ranks of the militia, to which circumstance the long stay of the enemy on this side of the river must in a great measure be ascribed. He is willing to believe that their conduct proceeded from an anxiety to get in their harvests and not from any pre- diliection for the principles or Government of the TJnited States. He requests officers commanding corps to transmit to him the names of such militiamen as have remained faithful to their oath and duty, that immediate measures may be taken to discharge their arrears of pay. The enemy being still in the "neighbourhood, the whole physical force of the country will be employed to drive him to such a distance as will ensure its tranquillity. Officers commanding militia corps are responsible that every individual bound to embody himself do immediately re- pair to this station, in default of which he will be treated as a deserter and subjected to all the penalties of the new Militia Act. Captains Muir, Tallon^ and Chambers, 41st Regiment, Captain Glegg, 49th Regiment, Captain Mockler, Newfoundland Regiment, and Captain Dixon, Royal Engineers, are appointed to the rank of Major as long as the local service on which they are employed continues. The troops in the Western District will be formed into three brigades : The first under Lieut. Colonel St. George, to ^ Thomas McKee was born in 1770 being the son of Alexander McEee, Indian agent at Fort Pitt. He was commissioned as ensign in the 60th Begiment, March 29, 1791; promoted to be lieutenant, Feb- ruary 5, 1795; and captain February 20, 1796. He was appointed deputy superintendent tor the western Indians in 1799 on the recommendation of Lieutenant-Governor Hunter, a post for which he was remarkably, well qualified by his knowledge of Indian languages and customs. He resigned his commission in the army in 1805. He was elected to represent the county of Kent in the Legislative Assembly in 1800, and elected for the county of Essex in 1801. During the war of 1812 he held a commission aa majov of the 2nd Regiment of Essex militia. He died at the Cascades in Lower Canada on October 20, 1814, a victim of his intemperate habits. "Whilst I was at Amherstburg with Baskwell he pointed out to me the stump of a very large button-wood tree, which Captain McKee of the 60th regiment had cut down with one hand for a wager between sunrise and sunset on a long summer's day. Th« stump measured nearly three feet and a half in diameter. Captain McKee was at this time (1800) superintendent of Indian affairs for the district of Amherstburgh ; he was six feet four inches high, and exceedingly powerful, his mother SUEBENDEE OF DETEOIT 143 consist of detachments of the Eoyal Newfoundland Eegiment and of the Kent and First and Second Eegiments Essex Militia . The Second under command of Major Chambers consisting of fifty men of the 41st Regiment and the whole of the detachments of the York, Lincoln, Oxford and Norfolk Militia. The Third Brigade, under the command of Major Tallon, will consist of the remainder of the 41st Regiment, Colonel Procter will have charge of the whole line under the orders of the Major General. James Givins/ Esquire, late Captain 5th Regiment, is appointed Provincial Aid-de-Camp, with the ranlc of Major in the Militia. By order of the Major General. J. B. Glegg, Major, A.D.G. SIR GEORGE PREVOST TO THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL. (Canadian Archives, G 1218, p. 365.) Montreal 14* August 1812 IST" 65. My Lord, 1 have the honor to transmit herewith for Your Lordships information, the copy of a Report which has been forwarded to me by Major General Brock of the surrender by Capitul- ation of the American Post of Michilimackinac to a Detach- ment of His Majesty's Troops from S* Josephs, under the com- mand of Captain Roberts of the 10"' Royal Veteran Battalion ; The Report is accompanied by a Return of Prisoners taken, and of the Stores which were found in the Fort ; was an Indian, and he himself retained a sliglit tinge of the olive colour of the natives, but he was one of the best tempered fellows and most emtertaining companions I have ever met with." — ' Landmanns Adventures and Recollections.' Vol. II, p. ISO. 2 Joseph Tallon, a captain in the 41st Foot. He commanded the 41st Regiment and the right wing of the British force in the action at Frenchtown on the river Raisin on January 22, 1813. He was severely wounded, and for hi§ good conduct on that occasion received the thanks of General Procter. He was engaged in the action at the Miami, 1813; taken prisoner at Moraviantown, 1813; and detained in prison for several months as a hostage.— CCaraodian Archives, C 912, p. 26.) 1 James Givins was appointed an ensign in the Queen's Rangers in 1791- promoted to be captain in the 5th Foot, November 19, 1803. He was shortly afterwards appointed Indian agent at York and resigned his commission. He was gazetted provincial aide-de-camp to Major- General Brock, August 14, 1812, with the rank of major in the militia. 144 CANADIAN ABCHIVES In addition to these I have a further report of the Crews of two Vessels amounting to the Number of 43, (who were in the Fort) having fallen into our hands together with YOO packs of Furs. My Despatch 'N° 59 will have acquainted your Lordship of a large Detachment from the American Army having taken possession of Sandwich on the 12* ultimo; — ■ Brig'. Gen' Hull I find, commenced his Operations against Amherstburg a few days after the Detachment of the 41°' Eeg* have behaved with great gallantry, in repelling three attacks made by the Americans to approach the Fort, by the Eiver Canard ; These successes with the diversion on the flank of the Enemy, by the possession of Michilimackinac on the lY"" ulto' may be attended with Consequences favorable to the Security of Upper Canada. MAJOR-GENEEAL BROCK TO BEIG.-GBNEEAL HULL. (Historical Register of the United States, 1812-lS; 2 ed., Philadelphia, 181^; Yol. II, p. 50.) Head-Quarters, Sandwich, August 15, 1812. Sir, The force at my disposal authorises me to require of you the immediate surrender of fort Detroit. It is far from my inten- tion to join in a war of extermination, but you must be aware, that the numerous body of Indians who have attached them- selves to my troops, will be beyond controul the moment the contest commences. You will find me disposed to enter into such conditions as will satisfy the most scrupulous sense of honour. Lieut. -colonel M'Donnell and major Grlegg are fully authorised to conclude any arrangement that may lead to pre- vetit the unnecessary effusion of blood. BEIG.-GENERAL HULL TO THE MAJOR-GENEEAL BEOCK. (Historical Register of the United States, 1812-13; 2 ed., Philadelphia, 181 Jt; Yol. II, p. 50.) Head-Quarters, Detroit, August 15, 1812. Sir, I have received your letter of this date. |I have no other reply to make, than to inform you, that I am prepared to meet SUREENDEB OP DETROIT 145 any force which may be at your disposal, and any consequences which may result from any exertion of it you may think proper to make. I avail myself of this opportunity to inform you that the flag of truce under the direction of captain Brown, proceeded contrary to the orders, and without the knowledge of col. Cass, who commanded the troops which attacked your pickets, near the river Canard bridge.^ I likewise take this occasion to inform you that Cowie's house was set on fire contrary to my orders, and it did not take place till after the evacuation of the fort. From the best information I have been able to obtain on the subject, it was set on fire by some ,of the inhabitants on the other side of the river. DISTRICT GENERAL ORDERS. (Order Book of Li.-Colonel John Macdonell.) Headquarters, Fort Amherstburg, August 15th, 1812. D. General Orders. The troops will be in readiness to embark at McGee's (Mc- Kee's?) Point at three o'clock to-morrow morning. Colonel Elliott will proceed during the night to the eastern shore of the Kiver Rouge, and upon his communicating with the Major General the troops will immediately commence crossing the riveT and land between Eiver Eouge and Spring Wells. Colonel Elliott will place the Indians in a position to take the enemy in flank and rear, should he be disposed to oppose the crossing. Lientenant Colonel St. George will march his brigadia this evening and canton the men in the houses close to the spot at which the embarkation is to .take place. The officers of the commissariat will make the necessary arrangements to supply the troops employed on the opposite shore with provisions and every article required by the different departments. During the operations of the troops in the field each man will receive one gill of spirits per day. The number 1 See despatch, Hull to Prevost, September 8, p. 212, and the following despatch. 17804—10 "146 CANADIAN ABCHIVEB for which provision is to be made may be calculated at two thousand. By order of the Major General. J. B. Glegmj, A.D.C. ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION OF FORT DETROIT AND DEPEND- ENCIES. ( Casselman's 1902 reprint, p. 67, of "Richardson's War of 1812," 18Jk2.) Camp at Detroit, 16th Aug., 1812. Capitulation for the surrender of Fort Detroit, entered into between Major-General Brock, commanding His Britannic Majesty's forces, on the one part, and Brigadier General Hull ^ commanding the North Western army of the TJnited States, on the other part. 1st. Fort Detroit as well as with all the troops, regulars and militia, will be immediately surrendered to the British forces under the command of Major-General Brock, and will be considered prisoners of war, with the exception of such of the militia of the Michigan territory, who have not joined the army. 2d. All public stores, arms, and all public documents, including every thing else of a public nature, will be immediately given up. 3d. Private persons, and property of every description will be respected. 4th. His Excellency, Brigadier-Gteneral Hull, having ex- pressed a desire that a detachment from the State of Ohio, on its way to join his army as well as one sent from Fort Detroit, under the command of Colonel M' Arthur, should be included in the above capitulation, it is accordingly agreed to. It is, however, to be understood, that such part of the Ohio Militia as have not joined the army, will be permitted to return to their homes, on condition that tJbey will not serve during the war; their arms will be delivered up if belonging to the public. SUBEENDEE OF DETEOIT 147" 6th. The Garrison will march out at the hour of 12 o'clock this day, and the British forces will take immediate possession <£ the Fort. J. Macdonell, Lieut. -Col. militia, P.A.D.C., J. B. Glegg> Major, A.D.'C., James Miller, Lieut. -Ool. 5th TJ.S. Infantry, E. Beush, Col. com'g 1st regt. of Michigan Militia, Approved, W. Hull, B. Gen'l. Com'g the N. W. Army, Approved, Isaac Beock, Major-Greneral. An article supplemental to the articles of Capitulation, con- cluded at Detroit, the 16th of August, 1812. It is agreed that the Officers and soldiers of the Ohio Mili- tia and Volunteers shall be permitted to proceed to their respec- tive homes, on this condition, that they are not to serve during the present war, unless they are exchanged. W. Hull, B. Gen'l. Com'g N. W. Army, U.S. IsA^c Beock, Major-General. An article in addition to the supplemental article of the capitulation, concluded at Detroit, the 16th of August, A.D. 1812. It is further agreed that the officers and soldiers of the Michigan Militia and Volunteers, under the command of Major Wetherell, shall be placed on the same principles as the Ohio militia and volunteers are placed by the supplemental article of the 16th instant. W. Hull, B. Gen'l Com'g IST. W. Army, TJ.S. Isaac Beock, Major-General. PRIZE PAY LIST— SURRENDER OP FORT DETROIT. (From original in the Royal Hospital, Chelsea.) Prize pay list of those entitled to share in the property captured from the enemy at Fort Detroit, in Royal Hospital, Chelsea. 17804— lOJ 148 CANADIAN ABCHIVES General and Staff Officers Field Train Department Commissariat Militia Staff Officers Detachment 4 Bn. Bl. Artillery 41st Ketrt. of Foot Royal Newfoundland Fencibles Provincial Marine Department Militia Force, Ist & 3rd Keg., York Militia . 5th Lincoln 2nd York 1st Kegt. York Militia. 2nd Regt. Norfolk Militia 1st Middlesex (attached to Norfolk) Oxford Militia Ist Regt. Essex Militia 2nd Regt. Essex Militia Ist Regt. Kent Militia Troop of Essex Militia Cavalry Indian Department 49th Regiment Officers (Regiments not mentioned) Total . Officers. 9 1 1 4 1 13 4 6 4 3 2 6 1 22 23 9 1 5 117 N.C.O. 6 26 8 9 6 3 3 3 131 Privates. 24 263 41 119 77 69 19 59 2 11 32 258 11 131 8 46 1 4 11 1 1112 GENERAL ORDER. (Casselman's 1902 reprint, p. 59, of "Richardson's War of 1812," 181^2.) Head Quarters, Detroit, 16th August, 1812. Major-General Brock has every reason to be satisfied with the conduct of the Troops he had the honor to lead this morn- ing against the enemy. The state of discipline which they so eminently displayed, and the determination they evinced to undertake the most hazardous enterprize, decided the enemy, infinitely more numerous in men and artillery, to propose a capitulation, the terms of which are herewith inserted for the information of the Troops. The Major-General requests Colonel Procter will accept his best thanks for the assistance he derived from his exper- ience and intelligence. The steadiness and discipline of the 41st Eegiment, and the readiness of the Militia to follow so good an example were highly conspicuous. The ability manifested by Captain Dixon of the Koyal Engineers in the choice and construction of the batteries and SUEEENDEE OF DETKOIT 149 the high state of the Koyal Artillery under Lieut. Trough- ton,^ afforded the Major-General much gratification, and reflect great credit on those officers. The willing assistance given by Captain Hall and the Marine Department during the whole course of the service haa been very conspicuous, and the manner the batteries were served this morning evinced a degree of steadiness highly com- mendable. Lieut. Dewar, Dpt. Ass. Qr. -Master-General, afforded strong proof by the local knowledge he had acquired of the country, of an unremitting attention to his duty; and the care and regularity with which the troops were transported across the river, must in a like degree, be ascribed to his zeal for the service. To Lieut. -Col. St. George, Majors Tallon and Chambers, who commanded brigades, every degree of praise is due for their unremitting zeal and attention to their respective com- mands. The detachment of the Royal Newfoundland Eegi- ment, under the command of Major Mockler, is deserving every praise for their steadiness in the field, as well as when em- barked in the King's vessels. The Major-General cannot forego this opportunity of ex- pressing his admiration at the conduct of the several companies of Militia who so handsomely volunteered to undergo the fatigues of a journey of several hundred miles to go to the rescue of an invaded district; and he requests Major Salmon, Captains Hatt,^ Heward, Bostwick, and Robinson, will assure the officers and men under their respective command (s), that their services have been duly appreciated and will never be forgotten. The Major-General is happy to acknowledge the able as- sistance he has derived from the zeal and local information of Lieut.-Col. Nichol, acting Quarter-Master-General to the Mili- tia.* 1 Felix Troughton, lieutenant in the Eoyal Artillery, was awarded a gold medal for his services at Detroit and granted the brevet rank of major, November 28, 1812. He was wounded at Frenchtown, January 22, 1813; and died on his way to England, June 26, 1815. 2 Samuel Hatt, captain of a flank company of the 5th Lincoln, com- manded a detachment of volunteers from the 2nd York and his own regiment organized in the vicinity of Burlington Heights. 3 Eobert Niohol was a native of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, who emi- grated to Canada at an early age. He acquired considerable property in the vicinity of Port Dover where he owned a flour mill and warehouse. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel commanding the 2nd Kegiment of Norfolk militia, February 12, 1812; and quartermaster-general for the 150 CANADIAN ARCHIVES To his personal Staff the Major-General feels himself under much obligation; and he requests Lieut.-Colonel Macdonell, Majors Glegg and Givins, will be assured that their zealous exertions have made too deep an impression on his mind ever to be forgotten. The conduct of the Indians under Col. Elliott, Capt. licKee, and other officers of that department, joined to that of the gallant and brave Chiefs of their respective tribes, has since the commencement of the war been marked with acts of true heroism, and in nothing can they testify more strongly their love to the King, their Great Father, than in following the dictates of honor and humanity, by which they have been hitherto actuated. Two fortifications have already been captured from the enemy without a drop of blood being shed by the hands of the Indians; the instant the enemy sub- mitted, his life became sacred. By order, of Major-General Brock. J. B. Glegg, Capt., A.D.C. FKOM CAPTAIN ROBERTS. (UNADDRESSED.) (Ccmadian Archives, C 688A, p. 175.) Michilimackinac, 16"^ August, 1812. Dear Sir, The Messenger I sent off to Colonel S' George on the capture of this place returned on the 3* instant without effect- ing the purpose of his mission, you are already acquainted of their having taken prisoner a Man of the (name) of Smith bound here with dispatches from General Hull who was per- mitted to escape but what is still worse a young Ottawa one of the Crew was the bearer of Wampum from a Chief called the Wing, in the Kiver S' Clair to the Ottawas here telling them they had done wrong in assisting their English Father that the Americans Avere as numerous as the Sand and would exterminate them. The effect this had on the Indians in general was very per- ck to detach from the Garrison of Fort George 50 men of the 41^' Eeg* under Capt. Chambers, into the interior of the Country for the purpose of Collecting such of the Indians and Militia as might be ready and willing to join him^ and of afterwards advancing upon the left Flank of the Enemy : — ■ 60 men of the same Eegiment were also detached from that Garrison to Amherstburg, and 40 to Long Point to collect the SUEBENDEE OF DETEOIl 183 Militia in that Quarter — Having made these dispositions and having previously sent forward Colonel Procter of the 41°' Eegiment to Amherstburg where he arrived and assumed the Command on the 26"" of last Month, — General Brock proceeded himself from York on the S"* Instant for Tort George and Long Point on Lake Erie, which last place he left on the 8*^ following for Amherstburg with 40 Rank & file of the 41" Reg' and 260 of the Militia forces. Whilst General Brock was thus hastening his preparations for the relief of Amherstburg, the prospects of the American Army under General Hull were becoming every day more un- favorable and their situation more critical, the intelligence of the fall of Michilimackinac had reached them which they knew must expose them to an attack of the Indians on one quarter, at the same time that they were threatened on another by the Force approaching under Capt" Chambers, an Indian Tribe of the Wyandots whom they had in vain attempted to bribe, aid- ed by a Detachment of the 41°' Reg' from Amherstburg, had succeeded in cutting off their supplies on the opposite side of the River, and in intercepting their Dispatches which described in very strong terms their apprehensions and despondency. — The losses they had sustained in their different Actions upon the Canard River, as well as those for protecting their supplies, together with the mode of Warfare pursued by the Indians had greatly discouraged and dispirited them, and had convinced General Hull how hopeless any attempt would be to storm Fort Amherstburg, without great Reinforcements and a battering Train. It was under these circumstances at this critical period, and when the Enemy were beginning to consult their security by intrenching themselves, that General Brock entered Amherstburg with a reinforcement which he was fortunately enabled to do, on the 12"^ Instant, without the smallest molesta- tion, in consequence of our decided Naval superiority on the Lakes. To his Active and intelligent mind the advantages which the Enemy's situation afforded him over them, even with his very inferior force, became immediately apparent, and that he has not failed most effectually to avail himself of those favorable circumstances. Your Lordship will I trust be satisfied from the letter which I have the honor of transmitting Having thus brought to Your Lordship's view the different circumstances which have led to the successful termination of the Campaign on the Western frontier of Upper Canada, I 184 CANADIAN ABCEIVBS cannot with-hold from Major General Brock the tribute of applause so justly due to him for his distinguished conduct on this occasion, or omit to recommend him through Your Lord- ship to the favourable consideration of His Koyal Highness ■ The Prince Kegent, for the great ability and judgment with which he has planned and the promptitude, energy and forti- tude with which he has effected the preservation of Upper Canada, with a force not apparently adequate- to its defence, and with the sacrifice of so little British Blood in accomplish- ing so important a Service. My Aid-de-Camp* Captain Coore^ will have the honor of delivering to Your Lordship this Dispatch, and as he is well qualified to give Your Lordship information respecting the Military resources of this Command, and also of the state of parties and politics in the United States, Captain Coore hav- ing recently been employed by me on a Mission to Washington, I shall beg leave to refer Your Lordship to him for further particulars. I ; I BEIG.-GENEEAL HULL TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (History of the War between the United States and Oreat Britain, compiled by J. Russell, jr.; Hartford, 1815; p. n2.) Fort George, August 26, 1812. Sir- Inclosed are the articles of capitulation, by which the Fort of Detroit has been surrendered to Major-General Brock, com- manding his Britannic Majesty's forces in Upper Canada, and by which the troops have become prisoners of war. My situa- tion at present forbids me from detailing the particular causes which have led to this unfortunate event. I will, however, generally observe, that after the surrender of Michilimackinac, almost every tribe and nation of Indians, excepting a part of the Miamis and Delawares, north from beyond Lake Superior, west from beyond the Mississippi, south from the Ohio and Wabash, and east from every port of Upper Canada, and from all the intermediate country, joined in open hostility under the Britfsh standard, against the army I commanded, contrary to > Captain Foster Lech Coore of the Srd West India Regiment, aide- de-camp to the governor-general, and afterwards lieutenant-colonel of th& York Light Infantry. SUEEENDEE OF DETROIT 186 the most solemn assurances of a large portion of them to remain neutral; even the Ottawa Chiefs from Arbecrotch, who formed the delegation to Washington the last summer, in whose friendship I know you had great confidence, are among the hostile tribes, and several of them distinguished leaders. Among ihe vast number of chiefs who led the hostile bands, Tecumseh, Marpot, Logan, Walk-in-the-water, Split-Log, &c. are considered the principals. This numerous assemblage of savages, under the entire influence and direction of the British commander, enabled him totally to obstruct the only communication which I had with my country. This communication had been opened from the settlements in the state of Ohio, two hundred miles through a wilderness, by the fatigues of the army, which I marched to the frontier on the river Detroit. The body of the Lake being commanded by the British armed ships, and the shores and rivers by gun-boats, the army was totally deprived of all com- munication by water. On this extensive road it depended for transportation of provisions, military stores, medicine, clothing, and every other supply, on pack-horses — all its operations were successful until its arrival at Detroit, — in a few days it passed into the enemy's country, and all opposition seemed to fall befote it. One month it remained in possession of this country, and was fed from its resources. In different direc- tions detachments penetrated sixty miles in the settled part of the province, and the inhabitants seemed satisfied with the change of situation, which appeared to be taking place — ^the militia from Amherstburg were daily deserting, and the whole country, then under the control of the army, was asking for protection. The Indians generally, in the first instance, appeared to be neutralized, and determined to take no part in the contest. The fort of Amherstburg was eighteen miles below my encampment. Not a single cannon or mortar was on wheels suitable to carry before that place. I consulted my officers, whether it was expedient to make an attempt on it with the bayonet alone, without cannon to make a breach in the first instance. The council I called was of the opinion it was not — The greatest industry was exerted in making prepar- ation, and it was not until the 7th of August, that two 24-pound- ers and three howitzers were prepared. It was then my inten- tion to have proceeded on the enterprise. While the operations of the army were delayed by these preparations, the clouds of adversity had been for some time and seemed still thickly to be gathering around me. The surrender of Michilimackinac 186 CANADIAN AEOHIVES opened the northern hive of Indians, and they were swarming down in every direction. Eeinforcements from , Niagara had arrived at Amherstburg under the command of Colonel Proc- ter. The desertion o fthe militia ceased. Besides the rein- forcements that came by water, I received information of a very considerable force under the command of- Major Cham- bers on the river Le Trench with four field-pieces, and collect- ing the militia on his route, evidently destined for Amherst- burg; and in addition to this combination, and increase of force, contrary to all my expectations, the Wyandots, Chip- pewas, Ottawas, Pottawatamies, Munsees, Delawares, &c. with whom I had the most friendly intercourse, at once passed over to Amberstburg, and accepted the tomahawk and scalping knife. There being now a vast number of Indians at the British post, they were sent to the river Huron, Brownstown, and Maguago to- intercept my communication. To open this communication, I detached Maj. Vanhorne of the Ohio volunteers with two hundred men to proceed as far as the river Raisin, under an' expectation he would meet Capt. Brush with one hundred and fifty men, volunteers from the state of Ohio, and a quantity of provision for the army. An ambuscade was formed at Browns- town, and Maj. Vanhorn's detachment (was) defeated and returned to camp without effecting the object of the expedition. In my letter of the 7th inst.-^ you have the particulars of that transaction, with a return of the killed and wounded. Under this sudden and unexpected change of things, and having received an express from General Hall, commanding opposite the British shore on the Niagara river, by which it appeared that there was no prospect of any co-operation from that quar- ter, and the two senior officers of the artillery having stated to me an opinion that it would be extremely difficult, if not im- possible, to pass the Turkey river and river Aux-Cannard, with the 24-pounders, and that they could not be transported by water, as the Queen-Charlotte which cal-ried eighteen 24- pounders, lay in the river Detroit above the mouth of the river Aux-Cannard ; and as it appeared indispensibly necessary to open the communication to the river Eaisin and the Miami, I found myself compelled to suspend the operation against Amherstburg, and concentrate the main force of the army at Detroit. Pully intending, at that time, after the communica- tion was open, to re-cross the river, and pursue the object at Amherstburg, and strongly desirous of continuing protection 1 See p. 125. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 187 to a very large number of the inhabitants of Upper Canada, ■who had voluntarily accepted it under my proclamation, I established a fortress on the banks of the river, a little below Detroit, calculated for a garrison of three hundred men. On the evening of the 7th, and morning of the 8th inst. the army, excepting the garrison of 250 infantry, and a corps of artiller- ists, all under the command of Major Denny of the Ohio vol- unteers, re-crossed the river, and encamped at Detroit. In pursuance of the object of opening the communication, on which I considered the existence of the army depending, a detachment of six hundred men, under the command of lieut. Colonel Miller was immediately ordered. For a particular account of the proceedings of this detachment, and the memor- able battle which was fought at Maguago, which reflects the highest honor on the American arms, I refer you to my letter of the 13th of August,' a duplicate of which is enclosed, in this. Nothing however but honor was acquired by this victory; and it is a painful consideration, that the blood of seventy-five gallant men could only open the communication as far as the points of their bayonets extended. The nece^ary care of the siek and wounded, and a very severe storm of rain, rendered their return to camp indispensably necessary for their own comfort. Captain Brush, with his small detachment, and the provisions, being still at the river Eaisin, and in a situation to be destroyed by the savages, on the 13th inst. in the evening, I permitted Colonels M' Arthur and Cass to select' from their regiment four hundred of their most effective men, and proceed (by) an upper route through the woods, which I liad gent an express to.direct Capt. Brush to take, and had direct- ed the militia of the river Raisin to accompany him as a rein- forcement. The force of the enemy continually increasing, and the necessity of opening the communication, and acting on the defensive, becoming more apparent, I had, previous to detaching Colonels M'Arthur and Cas§, on the 11th inst. evacuated and destroyed the fort on the opposite bank. On the 13th, in the evening. Gen. Brock arrived at Amherstburg about the hour Colonels M'Arthur and Cass marched, of which at that time I had received no information. On the 15th, I received a summons from him to surrender fort Detroit, of which I herewith enclose you a copy, together^ with my an- swer. At this time I had received no information from Cols. iSee p. 139. . 2 See pp. 14445 188 CANADIAN ARCHIVES M' Arthur and Cass. An express was immediately sent, strong- ly escorted, -with orders for them to return. On the 15th, as soon as General Brock received my letter, his batteries opened on the town and fort, and continued until evening. In the evening all the British Shipis' of war came nearly as far up the river as Sand- wich, three miles below Detroit. At daylight on the 16th, ((at which time [I had received no information from Cols. M' Arthur and Cass, my expresses sent the evening before, and in the night, having been prevented from passing by numerous bodies of Indians) the cannonade recommenced, and in a short time, I received information, that the British army and Indians, were landing below the Spring wells* under cover of their Ships of war. At this time the whole effective force^ at my disposal at Detroit did not exceed eight hundred men. Being new troops and unaccustomed to a camp life; having performed a laborious march; having been in a number of battles and skirmishes, in which many had fallen, and more had received wounds, in addition to which a large number being sick, and unprovided with medicine, and the comforts necessary for their situation ; are the general causes by which the strength of the army was thus reduced. The fort at this time was filled with women, children, and the old and decrepit people of the town and country ; they were unsafe in the town, as it was entirely open and exposed to the enemy's batteries. Back of the fort, above or below it, there was no safety for them on account of the Indians. In the first instance, the enemy's fire was principally directed against our 'batteries ; and towards the close it was directed against the fort alone, and almost every shot and shell had their effect. It now became necessary either to fight the enemy in the field; collect the whole force in the fort; or propose terms of capitulation. I could not have carried into the field more than six hundred men, and left any adequate force in the fort. There were landed at that time of the enemy a regular force^ of much more than that number, and twice that number of Indians. Considering this great inequality of force, I did not think it expedient to adopt the first measure. The second must ^ SprinR Wells (Belle Fontaine) was three miles below Detroit. " See despatch of Brock to Prevost, July 20, p. 73 ; same to same Augnst 17, p. 159; and Cass to the Secretary of War, September 10, p. 221. ° For strength of Brock's force see his despatches to Prevost, Angnst 16 and 17, pp. 156 and 158. SUEREJSTDEE OF DETROIT 189 have been attended with a great sacrifice of blood, and no possi- ble advantage, because the contest could not have been sustain- ed more than a day for the want of powder, and but a very few days for the want of provisions. In addition to this, Cols. M'Arthur and Cass would have been in a most hazardous situation. I feared nothing but the last alternative. I have dared to adopt it — I well know the high responsibility of the measure, and I take the whole of it on myself. It was dictated by a sense of duty, and a full conviction of its expediency. The bands of savages which had then joined the British force, were numerous beyond any former example. Their numbers have since increased, and the history of the barbarians of the north of Europe does not furnish examples of more greedy violence than these savages have exhibited. A large portion of the brave and gallant officers and men I commanded would cheer- fully have contested until the last cartridge had been expended, and the bayonets worn to the sockets. I could not consent to the useless sacrifice of such brave men, when I knew it was impossible for me to sustain my situation. It was impossible in the nature of things that an army could have been furnished with the necessary supplies of provision, military stores, cloth- ing, and comforts for the sick, on pack horses through a wilder- ness of two hundred miles, filled with hostile savages. It was im- possible, sir, that this little army, worn down by fatigue, by sick- ness, by wounds and deaths, could have supported itself not only against the collected force of all the northern nations of Indians, <_ but against the united strength of Upper Canada, whose popula- tion consists of more than twenty times the number contained in the territory of Michigan, aided by tie principal part of the regular forces of the province, and the wealth and influence of the N^orth-West, and other trading establishments among the Indians, which have in their employment, and under their entire control, more than two thousand white men. Before I close this dispatch it is a duty I owe my respect- able associates in command. Cols. M'Arthur, Findley, Cass, and Lieut. Col. Miller, to express my obligations to them for the prompt and judicious manner in which they have performed their respective duties. If aught has taken place during the campaign which is honorable to the army, these officers are entitled to a large share of it. If the last act should be dis- approved, no part of the censure belongs to them. I have like- wise to express my obligation to General Taylor, who has per- formed the duty of quarter-master-General, for his great ex- 190 CANADIAN AECHIVES >.^1 ertions in procuring every thing in his department which it was possible to furnish for the convenience of the army; like- wise to brigade-major Jessup for the correct and punctual maimer in which he has discharged his duty; and to the army generally for their exertions, and the zeal they have mani- fested for the public interest. The death of Dr. Foster, soon after he arrived at Detroit, was a severe misfortune to the army ; it was increased by the capture of the Chachaga packet, by which the medicine and hospital stores were lost.. He was commencing the best arrangements in the department of which he was the principal, with the very small means which he possessed. I was likewise deprived of the necessary services of Capt. Partridge, by sickness, the only officer of the corps of engineers attached to the army. All the officers and men have gone to their respective homes, excepting the 4th United States' regiment, and a small part of the first, and Capt. Dyson's com- pany of artillery. Capt. Dyson's company was left at Amherst- burg, and the others are with me prisoners — they amount to about 340. I have only to solicit an investigation of my con- duct, as early as my situation, and the state of things will admit; and to add the further request, that the government will not be unmindful of my associates in captivity, and of the families of those brave men who have fallen in the contest. MAJOE-GENERAL BEOCK TO THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL. (Canadian Archives G 4-73, p. 58.) York Upper Canada 29*'' August 1812 My Lord/ Since the commencement of the War, my time has been chiefly occupied with my military duties, in various parts of the province — I have not failed regularly reporting to His Ex- cellency the Governor in chief what I considered essential, who I make no doubt has put Your Lordship in possession of every necessary information The invasion of the Western District by General Hull, was productive of very unfavourable sensations among a large ortion of the population, and so completely were their minds subdued that the Norfolk Militia, when ordered to March, per- emptorily refused — The state of the country required prompt SUKEENDEB OF DETKOIT 191 and vigorous measures — The majority of the House of Assem- hly was likewise seized with the same apprehensions, and may be justly accused of studying more to avoid, by their proceed- ing-s, incurring the indignation of the enemy than the honest fulfilment of their duty. I thought it my duty at this critical moment to lay before His Majesty's Executive Council the re- pr€(sentation of which the enclosed is a copy^"^ As no one advantage could result from their remaining longer in Session the Legislature was immediately prorogued, upon their passing the money Bills, which leave at my disposal for the use of the Militia, about Ten thousand Pounds. My Speech at the open- ing and close of the Session together with the answer of both Houses, I have the honour to transmit herewith'**'". I cannot hide from Your Lordship, that I considered my situation at that time extremely perilous ; not only among the Militia was evinced a disposition to submit tamely, five hundred in the Western district having deserted their Ranks, but like- wise the Indians of the six Nations, who are placed in the heart of the Country on the Grand River, positively refused, with the exception of a few individuals taking up arms — they audaciously announced their intention, after the return of some of their chiefs from General Hull, to remain neutral, as if they wished to impose upon the Government the belief that it was possible they could sit quietly in the midst of War — This un- ^ expected conduct of the Indians deterred many good men from leaving their families and joining the Militia — they became more apprehensive of the internal than the external enemy, and would willingly have compromised with the one to secure themselves from the other I shall think it my bounden duty at some future day to call your Lordships attention to the absolute necessity of removing this infatuated people from their present situation. The loud voice of self preservation, every consideration of Policy recom- mends the measure, — although they have changed their tone with the late success yet the necessity of guarding against the evil they may still commit, is not less imperious. The Proclamation^"^ which General Hull published upon his taking possession of Sandwich, tended in a great degree to create the disposition in the inhabitants already noticed, and " his emissaries were numerous and active. I caused a Counter Proclamation^ to be issued'* which I had the satisfaction to ^ For text of these proclamations, see pp. 56 and 81 respectively. 192 CANADIAN ARCHIVES find produced immediate effect among the well disposed who from that day increased in their activity and Vigilance. Hav- ing declared my intention of proceeding to the Western District with such of the Militia as might Voluntarily offer to accom- pany me, in a few days five hundred, principally the sons of Veterans, whom His Majesty's munificence settled in this Country cheerfully tendered their service. The threatening attitude however of the enemy, on other parts of the frontier obliged me to content myself with half the number, with whom I arrived in safety late on the 13*'' ins* at Amherstburg. In no instance have I witnessed greater cheerfulness and con- stancy than were displayed by these Troops under the fatigue of a long journey in Boats and during extremely bad Weather, and it is but justice to this little band to add that their conduct through (ou)t excited my admiration. To my official dispatch^ to His Excellency the Commander of the Forces I beg leave to refer, your Lordship for my sub- sequent proceedings. C-'^ Dispatch of the 16 Aug*: ^'^Capitul- ation 16 Aug\- ^'^Proclamation at Detroit to the People of the Michigan Territory.) Among the Indians whom I found at Amherstburg, and who had arrived from distant parts of the Country, I found some extraordinary characters. He who attracted most my attention was a Shawnee chief, Tecumset, brother to the Prophet, who for the last two years has carried on (contrary to our remonstrances) an Active Warfare against the United States — a more sagacious or more a gallant Warrior does not I believe exist. He was the admiration of every one who con- versed with him : from a life of dissipation he has not only be- come, in every respect, abstemious but has likewise prevailed on all his nation and many of the other Tribes to follow his example. They appear determined to continue the contest until they obtain the Ohio for a boundary. The United States Government is accused, and I believe justly, of having corrupt- ed a few dissolute characters whom they pretended to consider as chiefs and with whom they contracted engagements and con- cluded Treaties, which they have attempted to impose on the whole Indian race — Their determined opposition to such fictitious and ruinous pretensions, which if admitted would soon oblige the Indians to remove beyond the Mississippi, is the true ground of their enmity against the Americans. The jealousy with which they view the British Merchants continue ^ For this despatch, see p. 156. SUKEENDEE OF DETEOIT 193 their commercial intercourse with the Indians has likewise been attended with serious inconvenience. Under the difficulty the Merchant experienced few goods could be introduced into the interior, and their own measures, the operation of the non intercourse (act) precluded even their own people from furnishing the Indians with Clothing of the first necessity. The consequence has been fatal to many — ^Deprived of ammuni- tion the poor Indian was unable to provide the necessary quan- tity of food or even cover- his nakedness with the skins of animals. The Armistio^ concluded between His Excellency, L' Gen^ Sir George Prevost and General Dearborne, has suspended all active operations — However wise and politic the measure must be admitted to be, the Indians, who cannot enter into our views will naturally feel disheartened and suspicious of our intentions. Should hostilities recommence I much fear, the influence the British possess over them will be found diminished: no effort however of mine shall be wanting to keep them attached to our cause. If the condition of this people could be considered in any future negotiation for peace, it would attach them to us for ever. The reinforcements lately arrived from the Lower Province places this portion of the country beyond the likelihood of an attack. The enemy must encrease his present force considerably before he can hazard an Invasion with a view of keeping possession of the country MINUTES OF COUNCIL, AUGUST 3^. (Enclosure '"' in Despatch iV°, 7.) At a Council held at the Government House, York Upper Canada, Monday 3'* August 1812. Present Major General Brock Hon"" The Chief Justice Hon*'° James Baby " Alex"^ Grant " John M-'Gill " M' Justice Powell '' Prideaux Selby His Honor The President represented to the Board that the hopes he had entertained from the Call of the Legislature was likely to be disappointed. ^ See despatches on pp. 127 and 129. 17804—13 194 CANADIAN AECDIVES That the Lower House of Assembly instead of prompt exertion to strengthen his hands for the Government of the Militia, providing for Security from internal treason, by par- tial Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, authorizing a partial exercise of Martial Law, concurrently with the Ordinary Course of Justice, and placing at his disposal for the defence of the Province, the Funds not actually applied upon past appropri- ations, had consumed eight days, in Carrying a Single measure of party-^the repeal of the School Bill,, and passing an Act for the Public disclosure of treasonable practices, before the Magistrates should have power to commit without bail. That under such circumstances little could be expected from the prolonged Session of the Legislature. That the Enemy had invaded, and taken Post in the Western District — ^was multiply- ing daily his preparation to invade in others ; that the Militia, in a perfect state of insubordination, had withdrawn from the Ranks in actual Service; had refused to march when legally commanded to reinforce a detachment of the Eegular Force for the relief of Amherstburg — ^had insulted their Officers, and some, not immediately embodied, had manifested in many in- stances a treasonable Spirit of ISTeutrality or disaffection — That the Indians on the Grand Eiver, tampered with (by) the dis- affected whites, had withdrawn from their Volunteer Services, and declared for a neutrality, which in respect of them was equally inadmissible, as with the King's other subjects — That in the Western and London Districts, several Persons had negotiated with the Enemy's Command'er, hailing his arrival and pledging support — That the Regular Force Consisted of One Regiment, the 41^* nine hundred strong, and part of the Royal' Newfoundland Regiment, two hundred, with a detach- ment of the Royal Artillery, and several Armed Vessels. That the extent of coast exposed, and the great distance of the prominent points, had obliged him to divide that Force to Support and Countenance the Militia ; that the Conduct of the Western Militia had exposed to imminent danger the regular Force at Amherstburg, and however inconvenieni, he had made a large Detachment of the 41*' with Militia from the Home and Niagara Districts, with the few Indians not Corrupted, to reinforce that Garrison, if time would admit. That on the other hand, the Commandant at S' Joseph, had, with his Garrison and Indians, taken the Island of Michili- mackinac, the Garrison of which Capitulated without firing a Shot — That in all probability part of that Force might descend STJERENDER OF DETROIT 195 to Betroit and in such case a Cooperation with the Garrison in Fort Amherstburg, reinforced by the detachment now on its march to Long-point, might compel the Invader to retire or Surrender, but that no good result from any Military Expedi- tion could be expected, unless more powerful restraint could be imposed on the Militia, than the Actual Law admits, and that he had power to restrain the General population from treasonable adherence either to the Enemy or neutrality, by summary proceeding and punishment, nor could the Colony be considered safe from the Indians in its very bosom, whilst liable to be tampered with by disaffected persons, exposed only to the Slow progress of Conviction by Criminal Law — That with this view of the Situation of the Colony, he submitted for the consideration of the Council how far it might be expedient to prorogue the general House of Assembly, and proclaim Martial Law, under the powers of the King's Commission in case of Invasion. The Council adjourned for deliberation — ■ August 4* 1812. In Council Present the same Members as Yesterday — The Council having deliberated upon His Honer's represen- tation is unanimously of Opinion that under the circumstances of the Colony, it is expedient upon Prorogation of the General Assembly, to proclaim and exercise Martial Law, according to the powers of His Majesty's Commission to the Governor General. SPEECH UPON OPENING- THE LEGISLATURE. (Enclosure^^^ in Despatch N°. 7.) Honorable Gentlemen of the Legislative Council And Gen- tlemen of the House of Assembly. The urgency of the present Crisis is the only consideration which Could have induced me to call You together at a time when Public as well as private duties elsewhere demand Your care and attention. But Gentlemen, when invaded by an Enemy whose avowed object is the entire Conquest of this Province, the voice of Loyalty as well as of interest calls aloud to every Person in the Sphere in which he is placed, to defend his Country. 196 CANADIAN ABOHIVES Our Militia have heard that voice and have obeyed it, they have evinced by the promptitude and Loyalty of their Conduct, that they are worthy of the King whom they serve, and of the Constitution which they enjoy; and it affords me particular Satisfaction, that while I address You as Legislators, I speak to men who in the day of danger, will be ready to assist, not only with their Counsel, but with their Arms. We look, Gentlemen, to our Militia as well as to the Kegular Forces for our protection ; but I should be wanting to that im- portant trust committed to my care, if I attempted to conceal what experience (the great instructor of Mankind, and especial- ly of L^islators) has discovered, that amendment is necessary in our Militia Laws to render them efficient. It is for You to Consider what further improvements they still may require. Honorable Gentlemen of the Legislative Council, And Gen- tlemen of the House of Assembly — From the history and experience of our Mother Country, we learn, that in times of actual invasion or internal Commo- tion, the Ordinary Course of Criminal Law has been found in- adequate to secure His Majesty's Government from private Treachery as well as from Open disaffection, and that at such times its Legislature has found it expedient to enact Laws re- straining for a limited period, the liberty of Individuals in many cases where it would be dangerous to expose the par- ticulars of the Charge; and altho' the actual invasion of the Province might justify me in the exercise of the full powers reposed in me on such an emergency, yet it will be more agree- able to me to receive the sanction of the two Houses. A few Traitors have already joined the Enemy; have been suffered to come into the Country with impunity, and have- been harboured and Concealed in the interior ; Yet the General Spirit of Loyalty which appears to pervade the Inhabitants of this Province, is such as to authorize a just expectation that their efforts to mislead and deceive, will be unavailing. The disaffected I am convinced are few — to protect and defend the Loyal Inhabitants from their machinations is an object worthy of Your most serious deliberations. Gentlemen of the House of Assembly. I have directed the Public Accounts of the Province to be laid before You, in as Complete a State as the unusual period will admit ; they will afford You the means of ascertaining to what extent You can aid in providing for the extraordinary SUKRENDBE OF DETBOIT 197 demands occasioned by the employment of the Militia, and I doubt not but to that extent You will Cheerfully Contribute. Honorable Gentlemen of the Legislative Council And Gen- tlemen of the House of Assembly. We are engaged in awful and eventful Contest. By un- animity and despatch in our Councils, and by vigour in our Operations, we may teach the Enemy this lesson — that a Country defended by Free-men, enthusiastically devoted to the cause of their King and Constitution, can never be Conquered. ADDRESS OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL IN ANSWER TO SPEECH UPON OPENING THE LEGISLATURE. (Enclosure^"^ in Despatch N°. 7.) To His Honor Isaac Brock Esquire, President Administer- ing the Government of the Province of Upper Canada, and Major General Commanding His Majesty's Forces in the said Province. May it please Your Honor ! We His Majesty's dutiful and Loyal subjects the Legis- lative Council of Upper Canada in Parliament assembled, return our most grateful thanks for Your Honor's Speech at the Opening of this Session of the Legislature. When invaded by an Enemy whose avowed object is the entire Conquest of this Province, We, laying aside all inferior Considerations, do most willingly obey Your Honor's Com- mands, by appearing in Our Legislative Capacity for the pur- pose, of using our utmost efforts for the protection a'nd defence of every thing that is dear to us as Subjects and as Men. We shall be happy indeed if by the promptitude, Loyalty, and. vigour of our Conduct, we prove ourselves worthy of the King whom we serve, and of the Constitution which we enjoy. The commendation which Your Honor has been pleased to bestow on our Militia, affords us the highest gratification, whilst the attention which You have paid to the Laws already enacted respecting that Body of Men, calls for our most grate- ful acknowledgements — it shall IJe our endeavour to Consider what improvements may still be wanting to render those Laws more efficient and Salutary. We feel the Force of what Your Honor has been pleased to state respecting the Laws that have been enacted in times of danger in our parent Country, whereby a Nation the most free 198 CANADIAN AECHIVES upon Earth, did voluntarily for a time, resign a portion of its liberty, that it might be enabled to transmit it entire to future generations. Placed in similar circumstances, it shall be our most solemn duty to consider whether we ought not to follow that example. Altho' a few Traitors may have joined the Enemy, and may have been harboured and concealed by Persons equally wicked with themselves ; Yet we are happy to learn from Your Honor, that the disaffected are but few in number, and that a general spirit of Loyalty appears to pervade this Province. We are fully sensible that we are engaged in an awful and an eventful Contest, and that it is only by unanimity and des- patch in our Councils, and by vigour in our Operations, that we can hope to teach our Enemies that a Country defended by Eree-men, enthusiastically devoted to the Cause of their King, can never be Conquered. Permit us to add, that we repose the highest Confidence in Your Honor's unremitting attention to whatever may be necessary to the protection, Safety and prosperity of this Province. TiTo^ Scott Speaker Legislative Council Chamber 29"" July 1812. ADDEBSS OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY IX ANSWER TO SPEECH , UPON OPENING OF THE LEGISLATURE. (Enclosure'-''^ in Despatch N°. 7.) To His Honor Isaac Brock, Esquire, President Adminis- tering the Government of the Province of Upper Canada, and Major General Commanding His Majesty's Eorces therein. May it please Your Honor. We His Majesty's most dutiful and Loyal Subjects, the Commons of Upper Canada, in Provincial Parliament assem- bled, beg leave to return You our unfeigned thanks for Your most Gracious Speech at the Opening of the present Session. We are Convinced that the urgency of the present Crisis ia the only Consideration that Could have induced Your Honour to call us together at a time when Public as well as private dutifw must elsewhere demand our Care and attention. SUBKENDEE OF DETEOIT 1^9 But when invaded by an Enemy whose avowed object is the entire Conquest of this Province, we feel that the voice of Loyalty, as well as of interest, calls aloud to every person in the Sphere in which he is placed, to defend his Country. That our Militia have heard that voice and have obeyed it; that they have evinced by the promptitude & Loyalty of their Conduct that they are worthy of the King whom they serve and the Constitution which they enjoy, are to us the sources of the most pleasing Satisfaction — And we have the utmost Confidence that in Your Honor's anticipation of our readiness to assist in the day of danger, not only with our Counsels but with our Arms, You will not be disappointed. We feel that we must look to our Militia as well as to the Regular Forces for our protection; and we are fully impressed with the important truth, which experience (the great in- structor of Mankind as well as of Legislators) has discovered, that amendment is necessary to our Militia Laws to render them efficient — We will consider what further improvements may still be neceasary, and will Cheerfully Concur in such Amendments as will render that part of our Force equal to the crisis in which they are called to act. We agree with Your Honor, that from the history and ex- perience of Our Mother Country, we learn that in time of Actual Invasion or internal Commotion, the ordinary course of Criminal Law has been found inadequate to secure His Majesty's Government from private treachery as well as from open disaffection, and that at such times its Legislature has found it expedient to enact Laws restraining the liberty of Individuals in many Cases where it would be dangerous to ex- pose the particulars of the Charge — And we shall Cheerfully co-operate with the other Branches of the Legislature, in adopting such measures (Consistent with the liberty and safety of His Majesty's subjects) as the present Crisis and the Security of the Province require. We feelingly lament that even a few traitors should have already joined the Enemy ; that they should have been suffered to come into the Country with impimity, and have (been) harboured in the interior — Their number, however, is small; and we are happy to perceive that the General Spirit of Loyalty which appears to pervade the Inhabitants of this Province, is such as to authorize the just expectation that their efforts to mislead and deceive will be imavailing. 200 CANADIAN ARCHIVES With Your Honor we are convinced that the disaffected are few, and that to protect and defend the Loyal inhabitants from their machinations is an object worthy of our most serious deliberations — ^We shall pay every attention to the Subject, and will on our part, adopt such Salutary regulation? as will, we trust, fully answer the object in view. When the Public Accounts are laid before us, we shall have the means of ascertaining to what extent we can aid in pro- viding for the extraordinary demands occasioned by the em- ployment of the Militia, and to that extent we will Cheerfully Contribute. We feel that we are engaged in an awful and eventful Contest, and that by unanimity and dispatch in our Councils, and vigour in our operations, we may teach the Enemy this lesson — ^that a Country defended by freemen enthusiastically devoted to the cause of their King and Constitution, can never be Conquered. To obtain that important end, we pledge our most zealous co-operation, and we trust that the exertions we shall make in defence of our liberties and possessions, will, aided by Your Honor's professional Talents and experience, be such as to do honor to the cause we have to defend, and to the Country of which we form a part. (signed) Ali.an MacLean Speaker Commons House of Assembly 28'" July 1812. president s speech upon closing the sessiox of the legisi.atdee. (Enclosure^'''' in Despatch N°. 7.) lionorable Gentlemen of the Legislative Council And Gen- tlemen of the House of Assembly. Upon the eve of a necessary absence, I learned that You had got through such Bills as were thought expedient to sub- mit to me for His Majesty's assent. That You may not unnecessarily be detained from Your homes, I hastened at a moment's preparation to meet You, tr> declare His Majesty's assent to the Bills You might present, and Close the present Session of the General Assembly. SUKEENDEE OF DETEOIT 201 Gentlemen of the House of Assembly, I thank you in His Majesty's name, for the liberal Graut X)i all the monies at Your disposal, and assure You that they shall be faithfully applied to the best of my Judgment, in (ho defence of the Province against its Enemies. COLONEL PROCTER TO MAJOE-GENEEAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, C 688B, p. 10.) Detroit Aug* 29*^ 1812 Dear Sir, I received your Letters of the 24*'' & 25"^ Ins* as also Colonel Baynes's of the 8*'' Ins' to you. The Expeditions^ in- tended will not be sent, and every Measure is & will be taken without acquainting the Indians of the Cause, to restrain them, Should however Hostilities recommence the Armistice I fear will be injurious to our cause here. It is confidently asserted that a General Wells with Three Thousand Kentucky Men are on theEoute to this Place, I have sent (to) ascertain the Truth, and shall act accordingly. As General Hull, acted independ- ently of General Dearborn, so may General Wells, if coming, on the same Service. This I humbly conceive it requisite to ascertain without delay, and before I or any part of our Force Should leave this, I shall go to the Foot of the Eapids, on the pretence of seeing the Country between this Place and the Miamis, but also to be at Hand to receive any Communication that may be made or to act as may be requisite. I feel it an Object to know, at least to see, a Country tlaat may be the scene of Action. I hope to return before the Vessels from Fort Erie. After this Country is placed as far as we can see in Safety, I request even if you should deem it requisite for me to be Stationed here. Your Permission to go to Fort George. I en- close you two Letters one I have received from M' Dewar, as his report which I have required. The other from the Commissary, on both of which I shall act, on Mature deliberation as I shall conceive most to the benefit of His Majesty's Service & I hope to your Satisfaction. I have been waiting some Hours for a List of the public Stores captured, and am now obliged to send off my Letter without it, I understand that the Vessels" are returned from Clieveland, but have not received any Eeport 1 The expedition against Fort Wayne; see p. 248. 202 CANADIAN AECHIVJiS P.S. I have just seen an Officer who was on Board one of tlie Vessels which has returned from landing the Ohio Volun- teers at Cleveland, he reports the entire satisfaction as to the conduct of the British towards them, & complete disgust of their Canada Expedition, He mentions that there were be- tween two & three Hundred Men at Cleveland who were to be joined by eight Hundred more, & that there were at the Miamis Rapids to be completed to Three thousand, five Hundred Men, intended for this Place, No time shall be lost in sending of(f) the remainder of the Prisoners. The Ordnance is all at Amherstburg and shall be forwajded as Opportunities occur to Port Erie. I shall write as soon as I can give you any cer- tain information. GOVEBNOK HARRISON TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Dawson's Life of Harrison, p. 283.) Cincinnati, 28th August, 1812. Sir:— Before this reaches you, a despatch from the Governor of Kentucky to yourself and another from the Honorable Mr. Clay to the Secretary of State will have arrived at Washington communicating the circumstances Avhich occasions my having the honor to address you from this place. Being at Prankfort on the 24th inst. making arrangements for the eventual march of the residue of the Kentucky quota to Indiana and Michigan Territories, an express arrived at that place with despatches tor Governor Scott containing information of Governor Htill being shut up in Detroit and the probability of his being obliged to surrender unless immediately relieved. Upon a consultation with Governor Scott it was thought advisable as he was the next day to go out of office, to wait the arrival of his successor, Colonel Shelby^ and to request the advice and assist- ance of all the public characters in the State within reach and expresses were sent to solicit their attendance on the next day. The meeting accordingly took place consisting of Governor Shelby, the former governor, Greenup, the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States, several other members of Congress, the Judges of the United States and of 1 Isaac Shelby (1750-1826) had served in the American Revolution as a colonel of militia, being particularly distinguished by courage and ability at the battle of King's Mountain in 1781. He was governor of Kentucky, 1792-96 and 1812-16. SUBKENDEK OF DETHOIT the Supreme Court of the State, General Hopkins/ the ]\[ajor General of the Kentucky quota, and it was unanimously recom- mended to Governor Scott to order another detachment of the State quota to follow the one which had marched under General Payne, to request me to take command of the whole, and for the purpose of removing all difficulty to give me a commission of Major General by brevet of Kentucky militia. I oould not per- mit myself to hesitate when urged by an authority so highly respectable, especially when urged by the large concourse of the citizens from all parts of the State which had collected on account of the inauguration of the new governor, that it was the unanimous wish of the people of Kentucky that I should do so. Before I left Frankfort Governor Shelby urged the propriety of sending one regiment more to ISTewport than was at first intended and hearing of the fall of Detroit a few miles • from that place I sent back and recommended still another. My command then consists of three regiments of Kentucky troops. Colonel Wells's detachment, and a troop of twelve months volunteers ihaking an aggregate of about 2100 at this place and three regiments of infantry, five troops of dragoons, and five hundred mounted volunteer riflemen on their way to join me. Those that first arrive will not, however, be here before the 30th inst. and it will be impossible to get them from here for some days after. Until this day I had some hope that the account of the fall of Detroit was not true but a letter received a few hours ago .from Messrs. Worthington^ and Meigs to Colonel Wells, leases no longer room for doubt. Three persons of the quartermaster general's have returned to Piqua who were in Detroit when it, was surrendered. The object of the letter from Messrs. Worth- ington and Meigs was to request Colonel Wells to hasten his march and to take the route to Dayton and Piqua rather than the direct one to Urbana for the purpose of relieving Fort Wayne which was said to be in danger of an immediate attack. By a gentleman who has this moment arrived from Piqua the taking of Chicago, and the massacre of the garrison is also put beyond doubt. Poor Wells has also perished in endeavor- ing to save Capt. Heald with his company. 1 Major General Samuel Hopkins of the Kentucky militiaj born 1750, died 1819. He was a representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815. 2 Thomas Worthington (1768-1827) United States senator from Ohio, 1803-07 and 1811-14; governor of Ohio, 1814-18. 204 CANADIAN AKCHIVES I shall march to-morrow morning with the troops that I have here taking the route for Dayton and Piqua. The relief of Fort Wayne will be my first object and my after operations will be governed by circumstances until I receive your direc- tions. Considering my command as merely provisional, I shall cheerfully conform to any other arrangements which the gov- ernment may think proper to make. The troops which I have with me and those which are_ coming from Kentucky are per- haps the best material for forming an army that the world has produced. But no equal number of men was ever collected who know so little of military discipline nor have I any assist- ance that can give me the least aid if even there were time for it but Captain Adams of the Fourth Regiment who was left . here sick and whom I have appointed Deputy Adjutant General until the pleasure of the President can be known. He is well qualified and I hope the appointment will be confirmed. You may rely, Sir, upon my utmost exertions but the confusion which exists in every department connected with the army is such as can only be expected from men who are perfectly new to the business they are engaged in. l^o arms for the cavalry have yet arrived at E'ewport and I shall be forced to put muskets in the hands of all the dragoons. I have written to the quartermaster at Pittsburg to ask him to forward all the supplies of arms, equipment, and quartermaster's stores as soon as possible. I have also requested him to send down a few pieces of artillery without waiting for your order and wait your instructions as to a further number. There is but one piece of artillery, an iron four pounder, anywhere that I can hear of in this country. If it is intended to retake the posts we have lost and reduce Maiden this season the artillery must be sent on as soon as possible. GOVERNOR HARRISON TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Dawson's Life of Hdrrison, p. 286.) Cincinnati, 29th August, 1812. Sir:— I did myself the honor to write to you yesterday and des- patched the letter by an express, thinking he would overtake the mail at Chillicothe. The troops marched this morning for SUKEENDEK OF DETROIT 205 Piqua. I shall follow and overtake them to-morrow. Another letter was received from General Worthington last evening, covering one from Captain Rhea of Fort Wayne stating that a large body of Indians were near the fort and he expected to be attacked that night. J shall lose not a moment in marching to his relief and think it more than probable that we shall have lo encounter all the Indians who assisted at the taking of Detroit, those t whom Chicago surrendered^ and a very large number of others who will be indiiced by the fame of their exploits to join the hostile party. Permit me to recommend that a considerable supply of tents, swords and pistols, camp kettles, cartridge boxes, rifle flints, and artificers' tools of every description be forwarded immediately as well as the artillery and every species of cfrd- nance stores. Medicine, instruments, and hospital stores of every description will also be wanted for the large force which it vv'ill require to reinstate our affairs upon the northwestern frontier. It is important also that some disciplined troops should be sent here; a company or two of artillery and an experienced engineer will be indispensable. I have caused a travelling forge to be prepared and ammunition waggons are now building. It appeared to me, Sir, that soijie one should undertake the general direction of affairs here and I have done it. The critical situation of affairs ill this country in my opinion authorized a departure from the common line of procedure, (to wait for orders), and should it have been considered by government as improper, I shall hope to be pardoned for the purity of my intentions. You may rely upon it. Sir, that the western country was never so agitated by alarm and mortification as at the present moment. LIEUT.^OOXONBL MYERS TO MAJOE-GENERAL BROCK. (Canadian Archives, 688B, p. 19.) Fort George Aug* 30, 1812 My Dear Sir, The enclosed Despatcheg^ arrived here at two oClock, I took upon myself to open Col Procters, & from the Statements in his of the 24*" judge it prop er to send them forward to you , 1 Fort Dearborn (Chicago) surrendered to the Indians, August 15th. See note on Captain Wells, p. 78, and a letter of Captam Heald to the Secretary of War. p. 225. 206 CANADIAN AEOHIVES I have not read them with much attention, excepting the part relating to my o^vn Department, I find by the Return enclosed by L' Col Nichol that 465 Prisoners were embarked, (or are stated to have been Embarked) on board the Several vessels for Fort Erie, the Numbers that arrived here are as follows — Commies^ NC (0). & Officers. Rank & file Total in the Chippawa in the other vessels 3 23 17 350 20 • 373 AVomen & Children deficient 393 50 443 22 465 Whether Women Children or officers are included in L' Col Nichols Return I do not know, no other Return was sent with the Prisoners than a Disembarkation one by Cap* Hall of the Queen Charlotte^ and I can assure you it occasioned no small degree of trouble to me, as to their Numbers — on their Embarkation I counted their Files & I took a List by Name Rank & Corps of the Officers, the Returns are forwarded by Major Shakelton^ to Quarter Mas'" Gen', and I have found (it) my Duty to write to the ass' Quarter Mas' Gen* at Amherstburg, tfl explain to me for the information of Col Macdonnell his unpardonable neglect, for which there appears no excuse, as I embarked the Prisoners here in less than an Hour, & ascertained their Numbers, I had trouble it is true, but I never consider tlie discharge of my Duty in that light I enclose a Letter from Col Talbot received yesterday, M' Eakins who brought it awaits your arrival here— I hope very soon to have the Satisfaction of seeing you back to tis (P.S.) The Vessels with the Prisoners Sailed Friday the 28"^ Ins*. ^Charles D. Shekleton, major of brigade, Lower Canada. SUBEKXDER OF DETROIT 201 MAJOR-GENERAL R. H. SSEAFFE TO CAPTAIN CHARLES ROBERTS. (Canadian Archives, 688B, p. 28.) Copy/ York r' Sepf. 1812. . jy Sir, M. General Brock is so much engaged by urgent Business that he has directed me to write to you on the several points noticed in your Letter of 29**" July addressed to Capt: Glegg — The capture of Detroit and of G-en' Hull and his Army has removed the grounds of some of your difficulties and respect- ing other matters touched on by you, the present uncer- tain state of affairs precludes his sending you any Instruc- tions now. he approves generally of what you have done and hopes you will accomplish your design of removing the Chippewas to the vicinity of M.M.^ if it be likely to be f-.ttended by the good effects you purpose but it must be kept in mind, that M.M. may be restored to the Americans & that we ought not to run the risk of conferring a future permanent advantage on them, for a present temporary one to ourselves but this is left to your discretion as you possess the best means of deciding on the merits of the case. The navigation- being now secure, a market is opened for the Furs from Chicago, if one be not offered where they are — If you decide on sending them down it may be necessary to appoint, an Agent at Montreal or otherwise to send them to M^ Clarke^ there, through the Commissariat to be disposed of as may hereafter be directed. Colonel Procter will forward to you extracts of Letters addressed to him, and- such other Instructions & documents as he may deem useful Accept my congratiilations on your success on the opening of the campaign (P.S.) The Deserters are to be sent down with every infor- mation regarding them in your power to afford The General is to go down very soon to Kingston from whence he will pro- bably send up to you Twenty or Thirty of Fifty picked Veterans lately arrived there 1 Michilimaekinac. 2 Asst. Commissary-General Isaac W. Clarke. 208 CANADIAN AECHIVES MAJOR-GENERAL SHEAFFE TO COLONEL PROCTER. (Canadian Archives, C 688B, p. 33.) York 1'' September 1812. My dear Colonel, M. General Brock being very busily employed in writing Dispatcbes for England, bas transferred to me tbe task of acknowledging tbe receipt of your several Communications to tlie 24* Instant inclusive, wbicb arrived last, (night?) by express from Fort George, and be bas instructed me to write to you as follows — be approves of tbe Measures you bave adopted for tbe Administration of tbe Laws in tbe Michigan Territory, as well as tbose others reported by you, wbicb exist- ing circumstances bave dictated ; be wisbes you to remain above 'till furtber orders, as be tbinks that tbe present unsettled state of things does not admit of your being withdrawn: You may detain fifty of tbe hundred Men of tbe 41°' Regiment, before ordered down, if you, see sufficient reason to do so, and even tbe V. bole hundred, if circumstances unknown to tbe General shall have occurred to render it necessary — in deciding on wbicb, you will allow due weight to tbe consideration, that if Hostili- ties be renewed We shall bave to contend on tbe North East ■ side of Lake Erie for tbe security of Amberstburgh — the Hunter is to be dispatched without delay to M. Mackinac with tbe Indian Presents Stores &c. and with such proportion of Provisions as after consulting the A D Commissary General may be deemed amply sufficient — enclosed herewith is a' Copy of the Return^ of Provisions taken at M. Mackinac, from wbicb and from the A D Commissary General's knowledge of the probable remainder at S' Joseph's a tolerably correct judg- ment may be formed of tbe specie and of tbe quantity of each which will be required; should the fifty six Barrels of Elour sent from hence to Lake Huron for S' Joseph's not have reached its destination, Capt. Roberts may find it necessary to send the Oen^ Hunter for them, if no preferable mode present iiself — ^You will please to bave prepared correct Lists in dupli- cate of all tbose who aided in the capture of Detroit — tbe ?Tame3 at full length — distinguishing bow serving or what belonging to — 41°' — Indian Dep' — ^ISTaval Tf — ^Militia ( — Reg* Comp'' &c) &c &c &c — tbose of tbe Naval Department assist- ing in Vessels or Boats and tbose in the Batteries on our side ' For this return, see Canadian Archives, C 688 A, p. 161, SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 209 against Detroit, to be included but neither Indians nor the Militia from this vicinity are expected to be found in your List — Clothing is to be sent up for the Militia — The General expects that all. prudent and proper means are adopted for the protection of the Inhabitants on both sides of the Straight from the depredations and lawless violence of the Indians which he trusts will be in a great measure checked by employ- ing the influence of the Officers of the Indian Department and the authority of the Chiefs — He is particularly anxious too that the Garrison of Chieaa:© should be rescued from their fury and is therefore desirous of obtaining its Surrender to us as the only means of effecting it — If Captain Eoberts have it in his power to accomplish this object, he will perform a Service which will be highly appreciated — The Deserters from our forces which you have in Custody are to be sent down to Fort George the General sent \m Instructions for having a certain quantity of the Stores &c brought down to Fort Erie and he desires that with each gun a proportion of Shot &c may be sent he wishes that when there is nothing more important to employ the Queen Charlotte, she may cruise in the Lake and near the Enemy's Shore. In the actual posture of affairs it is of course uncertain for what duration or under what Title you will hold the Administration of the Government of the conquered Territory — ^but should circumstances prove such as to encourage you to df'sire it the Queen -Charlotte shall be directed to convey to you Your family and Baggage — J. WILLCOCKSi TO LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN MACDONELL. (Canadian Archives, C 688B, p. 30.) Grand Eiver Sept' 1'' 1812 Sir In consequence of General Brock's commands communicated to me thro' you, relative to the Indians upon the Grand River, '^ Joseph Willcocks was a son of Robert Willcocks of Palmerton in County Dublin, Ireland, a man of some property and influence. He sailed from Cork in the ship -fortitude bound for New Tork, December t. .1799, and arrived at Tork, Upper Canada, March 20, 1800. William Willcocks, a distant relative who was also a first cousin of Hon. Peter Bussell, the receiver-general of the province, welcomed him to his house and interested himself on his behalf, and on May 1st he was appointed a clerk in the receiver-general's office. In 1603 he was appointed sheriff 17804— W 210 CANADIAN ARCHIVES 1 made no delay in going among them, and upon seeing severa,! of the Chiefs, attached to both parties, and communicating my business to them, it was agreed that a Council should be held that Evening at their Village, in order that all matters of dis- f)ute between the contending parties should be done away, and the necessary arrangement made for iheir departure to Amherst- burgh. But before the Council could possibly meet, I was seized with a most violent bilious cholic which had nearly deprived me of existance, indeed it was with much difficulty I could be removed that Even^ from the village to Woodruff's Tavern, where I have been confined, seriously ill, for nearly four weeks. However on the third day of my illness an Indian of the Home district, an office of considerable dignity and emolument. In this capacity he appears to have taken an active part in securing tne ejection of Eobeit Thorpe, a justice of the Court of King's Bench, as a member of the House of Assembly to represent the counties of Durham, Simcoe, and the east riding of York in opposition to the candidate sup- ported by the government. Lieutenant-Governor Gore promptly removed Willcoeks from office, assigning as a reason "his general and notorious bad character . . . . as a turbulent Irishman." In the summer of 1807, Willcoeks began the publication at Niagara of a weekly newspaper entitled ' The Upper Canada Chiardian and Freeman's Journal ' in which the acts of the government were fiercely criticised. This paper soon obtained a wide circulation, and in the autumn of the same year Will- cooks was elected a member of the Assembly for the ridings of West York, 1st LinooJn and Haldimand to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Solomon Hill. He took his seat January 26, 1808, and four days later a member gave notice of motion for a committee to consider a paragraph which had been printed in the 'Guardian' of the 1st of October of tne previous year, reflecting on the conduct of members of the House. Nothing further was done in the matter until February 18, when David Cowan, one of the members for Essex, accused Willcoeks of making a verbal statement that the members were afraid to proceed against him as he could prove that they had been bribed by Lieut.-Governor Hunter. A resolution was then carried declaring this statement, which Willcoeks admitted that he had made, to be "false, slanderous and 'highly deroga- tory to the dignity of the House." Two days later the speaker issued his warrant committing the offender "to the common gaol until discharged by the Commons House of Assembly." On the 16th of March, just before the prorogation of the Legislature, a motion was passed for his discharge. He was re-elected at the general election in January, 1808 as member for the 1st riding of Lincoln and Haldimand, and during the next four years was the acknowledged leader of the opposition which on many questions had a majority in the Assembly. He was again elected in the spring of 1812 to represent the Ist riding of Lincoln. About the same time he ceased to publish the 'Guardian' for want of support. For some time after the declaration of war he steadily affirmed his loyalty and seems to have borne arms at Queenston in the action of October 13, 1812. (General Order by the Adjutant-General, Montreal, October 12, 1812.) In September, .1812, he was indicted for sedition by the Grand Jury of the county of Norfolk. Sometime in June or July 1813, he joined the enemy at Niagara and was appointed with the rank of major to the command of a corps called the Canadian Volunteers which was to be formed of deser- ters and refugees. His services in this capacity were acknowledged by Brigadier-General Boyd in a letter to the Secretary of War, dated August 17, 1813. He was subsequently promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel,- and was killed in a sortie from Fort Erie, September i, ISH. SUEBENDEE OF DETEOIT 211 Chief called Abraham Hill, accompanied by one George Martin, another Indian, came to my lodging, and requested that I would permit them to bring there two Chiefs from each ^Nation on the River, in order that I might communicate to them that which I intended to have spoken at the proposed Council. To this I agreed; and on the following day the Chiefs attended ; and altho' in a state of the greatest agony, I made them a Speech the substance of which was " that unanim- ity among the several Chiefs and tribes was at that time, indis- pensibly necessary for their own preservation and happiness. That they were bound by every tie of gratitude and interest to take up Arms during, the present contest with the United iStates in defence of their King, their Country and their personal safety. Tihat their personal exertions were immedi- ately required at Amber stbiirgh. That Gen' Brock had already gone there, and expected that all the Chiefs and Warriors would follow him without a moments delay. These and many other circumstances of a similar nature I impressed upon their minds with all the force my bad state of health would permit, and as they led me to believe with no small portion of success. They thanked me for the trouble I had taken, and all parties pledged themselves in the most solemn manner strictly to attend to the several things which I had recommended. And indeed it appears they were not wholly forgetful of their promises, for on the day following sixty four of the Chiefs and Warriors started for Amherstberg. Karrihoga, (John' ISTorton) for some cause unknown to me, did not attend the Council v/hich was held in my room; and I have just learnt from some of the Indians that he has, lately absented himself from the River, but where he is gone they know not. It is necessary to mention that since I began to recruit my health I have had much conversation with many of the influential Characters of the several tribes, from which f am led to believe that no difficulty or opposition will arise among their people, should their sei-viees be again called for. I regret much that I have not been able to have written you sooner, but I assure vou that until a day or two back I have not been able to hold a pen, which I trust will be a sufficient appology not only to yourself, but also for not having written to the General, or Colonel Myres agreeably to your desire— If I can he of any service here I beg you will write me — It is a*- 17804— 14i 212 CANADIAN 'AECHIVES present my intention to return to Niagara so soon as my strengtla will permit BEIG.-GENERAL WILLIAM HULL TO SIR GBOEGE PEBVOST! (Canadian Ar chives j C 677, p. 7S.) Montreal S"' Sept' 1812. >Sii— In my letter of the 15"^ of Aug*^ addressed to Major General Brock, I observed, " that the flag of truce, under the direction of Cap' Brown, proceeded contrary to the orders, and without the knowledge of Col". Cass, who commanded the Troops, which attacked your picket guard, near the Kiver Canard Bridge." As this is not only a subject of national honor, 4jut of delicacy to the Officers, who were concerned in the transaction, it is necessary that the whole case should be stated — The object of the expedition, under Col". Cass, was to reconnoitre the Country as far as the Hiver Canard, and I had no expectation of his passing the River and making the attack. Cap* Brown was sent by my orders, .under the sanction of a flag of truce. As he proceeded down the Kiver, he had an interview with Col" Cass, and the Col" informed him of his intention to pass the river and attack the picket guard, and desired Cap* B'own not to proceed to Amherstburg untill the event had taken place. Cap' Brovm informed me, it was his intention not to have proceeded in consequence of this information, untill he knew tLere was no active hostility on our part — Being however unacquainted with the Shore of the Detroit Kiver, he unexpectedly turned a point of land, which brought liim with hia flag in full view of the Eort at Amherstburg — He then considered, situated as he unexpectedly was, that there would be more propriety in proceeding than remaining in that situation; expecting that he should be able to return, before any active operations were commenced. I For this letter, see p. 144. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 213 A. W. COCHRAN ^ TO HIS MOTHER. (EXTRACT.) (Canadian Archives, Cochran Papers, M H-l, p. 222.) Quebec 13tli September, 1812. Part of The American prisoners taken in Detroit^ have arrived here the evening before last ; I have seen all the officers but do not recognize any of my Boston military acquaintances 0? I expected I should; Both men and officers are a shabby looking set as ever you set eyes on, and reminded me of Falstaff's men very forcibly. — Some of the officers talked very big, and assured us that before long there would be 100,000 men in Canada and that they would soon have Quebec from us ; — They do not speak very respectfully of their General, and he in his turn, (M' Brenton writes me) is or pretends to be very much irritated against his Government who he says have sacrificed him by not complying with his repeated and urgent demands for reinforcements to save him from the fate which has now come on him. — Sir George has let him go home on his Parole (together with such of his officers as were married,) in order that he might further embarrass the Government by his complaints and throw his weight into the scale against Madi- son's party; — But I fear Sir George's hopes on that score will not be realized as Hull is a plausible fellow and little credit is to be given him for sincerity in the violence that he shews against Madison; — No harm however can arise from sending (him) home on his parole, unless he should be dishonourable enough to break it and take up arms again before he is exchanged, and ex en then his conduct as a General hitherto shews that there is not much to fear from his military prowess ; — I should not be at all surprized to hear of his taking some command ^ Andrew William Cochran, born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, son of the Reverend Dr. Cochran. He was appointed assistant civil secretary to the governor-genera.1, with the rank of ensign in the Quehec militia. May 1, 1813. In November 1814, he was appointed to act as a deputy judge advocate. He became a member of the Legislative Council for Lower Canada. He died July 11, 1849. A considerable number of inter- esting private letters written by him to kinsfolk and friends are preserved in the Canddian Archives under the title of Cochran Papers, M. 147. 2 Oeneral Hull, with 25 officers and 350 rank and file, was immediately sent to Quebec. He was released on parole, and in December was exn changed for 30 privates. His court-martial in 1814 lasted nearly three months; he was sentenced to be shot, but President Madison remitted the execution in consideration of his services , in the Revolutionary War, his name being dropped from the Army List. 314 CANADIAN ARCHIVES immediately on his return in spite of his parole, as I believe liim to be both rogue and fool; — In one of the letters from him to General Brock when the latter summoned him to surrender, he says (as I suppose you will have seen in the papers before now) that a flag of truce that had been carried bj a Captain Brown of his army had been unauthorized by him; — Captain Brown is among the Prisoners who arrived here the other evening and he told my friend M' Mure that he could shew General Hull's own order and handwriting, authorizing him to go with the flag of truce; — This will give ,"sou some idea of General Hull's regard for his honour; His dwelling house is very near Detroit and also the house of Colonel Baby"^ of the Upper Canada militia, a man of great respectability in that Province ; The two families were on the most intimate terms before the war but when the American troops came there Hull allowed them to pillage Colonel Baby's house in the most shameful manner and when Baby expos- tulated with him and reminded him of their former intimacy Hull answered that it was true enough but circumstances were changed now; — When Hull surrendered, BabJ^ went over to see him in General Brock's tent, — " Well General, says he, circumstances are changed noiv indeed." OBSERVATIONS BY TOUSSAINT POTHIEE ON MIOHILIMACKINAC. (Canadian Archives, C 695A, p. Jj..) Observations by Toussaint Pothier at the request of His Excellency Sir George Prevost &c &c &c on the Capture and State of Michilimackinac when he left it. On the third July last I arrived at Fort S' Joseph, from Montreal in the Capacity of Agent for the South West Pur Company appointed by iress'' M'Tavish M^Gillivrays & C° & Forsyth Kichardson & C. That Post was under the Command of Cap' Charles Eoberts of the Eoyal 10*'' Veteran Battalion with a detachment composed of three Subaltern Officers and between forty and forty five non commissioned officers and privates of said Battalion. There were also arrived at that Post from the wintering grounds several of the Traders Equiped by said Company among whom was M"' Robert Dickson who bi-ought in with him ' Colonel James Baby, see note p. 45. SUEBENDEU OF DETKOIT 215 from the Mississipi a Band of Indians, Scioux, Pnants and Folles Avoines, Composing a body of one Hundred and thirty Avarriors, CJommanded by the principal Chiefs of their tribes, who accompanied M' Dickson in consequence as I understood of an understanding between him and General Brock and with the View of Supporting the British interest in that Country. The number of Canadians at S' Joseph at this time were but few, the Traders having chiefly left their men and returns at the Post of Michilimackinac. On the 9"" of the same month an Express arrived from General Brock announcing the declaration of War by the Americans against Great Britain, and on the 10* a requisition was made by Cap' Roberts, that all the Boats, arms, an(d) ammunition in my possession should be immediately placed at liis disposal, which was accordingly done. The situation in which I was placed representing the Trade and Interest of the Company induced Cap' Roberts to confer with me upon public measures necessiary to be taken in the •event of a descent on the Island of Michilimackinac, at which time he made me acquainted with the weak state of his Garrison as well as other means in his power which were of themselves very insufficient for the undertaking, having but Torty Guns in the Indian Store, and no Gun powder but what ^vas required for the great Guns of the Garrison and Ball ■Cartridges for his own men only, not a flint, in short the Garrison was defficient of every necessary for such an under- taking without the assistance which fortunately happened to be within my power to afford him; with this assistance he -<1etermined upon an attack on Michilimackinac as soon as he should receive instructions to that effect and preparative iiieasures were adopted accordingly. In consequence of this determination an Express was sent 1o M"' Shaw and the other Agents of the North West Company ut Fort William, Soliciting such assistance as might be within their power to Contribute, a vessel of theirs being at that time at S' Joseph was also put in requisition, and those Gentlemen with great alacrity came down with a strong party to Cooperate ; Ijringing to S' Maries Several Carriage (Guns) and other arms, and altho the distance between the S' Joseph's and Fort William is about 500 ifiles they arrived at Michilimackinac the ninth day from the date of the Express and iownd us in "[icaceable possession. 216 CANADIAN AECHIVES Between the ninth and the fifteenth on which day the Express arrived authorising the undertaking several Band of Indians came in among whom were the principal Outawas Chiefs. On the day of their arrival the Counsel Room was opened to them when the Commanding OiEcer acquainted them of the declaration of War and required of them that assistance which from their former professions he had every right to expect; they appeared very luke warm, and after a great deal of prevarication reluctantly agreed to Join the expedition ; the other Indians were very unanimous, particularly the Western ludians who^e animated example had great influence upon the Concurrence of the others, it may he proper to observe that Amable Chevalier a Courte Oreille, or Outawas Chief who has resided at the Lake of the two Mountains for several years past, returned to the upper Countries last fall, and this last Spring on hearing the probability of a War came to S' Joseph and tendered his services to the Commanding Officer; this man's influence had been s^reat amongst them heretofore, and altho he used every exertion in his power on this occasion to interest them in the British Cause, which he had heartily espoused, he never Could bring himself to have Confldence in tiieir fldelity. By this time most of the Indian Traders arrived at S' Joseph with a number of their men, so that we were now eJiable(d) to form a force of about 230 Canadians and .^20 Indians exclusive of the Garrison. With this Force we left S' Joseph on the 16"" at Eleven Oclock, A.M., landed at Mich- ilim* at three OClock the next morning, summoned the Garrison to Surrender at nine OClock, and marched in at Eleven. Among the Indians that accompanied the expedition Were about thirty Outawas, Amable Chevalier having been desipatched by the Commanding Ofiicer to their Village in order to bring tlie others (between two and three Hundred Warriors in nvim- ber) to form a Junction at a given point in which we were disappointed ; two days elapsed after the Capitulation when we were informed that they were all encamped at a distance of fifteen miles from Michilim* On this information a Canoe was dispatched from Michilim^ with Wampum and Tobacco to tell them .the news and to invite them to come in and partake in concert with the other Indians of what was intended to be dis- tributed generally, and they accordingly came in alledging SUBEENDEE OF BETKOIT 217 iheir delay arose from the badness of the Weather ; Soon after Amable Chevalier informed me privately their motives of delay was Occasioned by indecision on their part while the Conquest remained doubtf uU and unknown to them and a predilection in favor of the americans Seemed to influence them. They were in this state of indecision when advices of General Hull's landing at Sandwich arrived, with a force which they Considerably magnified and which tended greatly to damp the ardour of the other tribes, and the very men among them who Cap* Roberts appointed to a village Guard, were those who held private Counsel, to which they invited the Saulteux for the purpose not only of abandonning the British Cause, but eventually to avail themselves of the first good opportunity cf cutting off the Fort, this being rejected by the others, they Suddenly broke up their Camp and returned to their villages to the exception of a few young and old men of little or no importance. A few days previous to my Coming away the principal Chiefs of this Tribe returned to Michilimac — at that time there were about two hundred Warriors of other tribes preparing to go to Amherstburg to Join the British, when at a Special Counsel they Declared their determination to remain Neutral and reproached the Commanding Officer with having taken them too abruptly at S' Joseph, that their eyes were then shut, but now open, and that without them he Could never have got up there pointing to the Eort, and from the general conversa- tion at that time gave to understand that the Future possession of the Fort depended upon them. When I left Miohilim^ on the Evening of the 25'" July most of the Indian Traders and Men were gone off to their Wintering quarters, so that very soon after it would be left with no other protection than the Garrison ; little or no Indian Goods remained, not much provision, and a great Scarcity of Gun Powder. Another evil which prevails there, is the Want of a good Interpreter an Object of the Greatest importance to His Majesty's interest in that Country. Montreal 8* September 1812 T. C. POTHIER 218 ' CANADIAN ARCHIVES COLONEL LEWIS CASS TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (History of the War betiveen United States and Great Britain, compiled by J. Russell, jr.; Hartford, 1815; p. 15^.) Washington, Sept. 10, 1812. Sir— Having been ordered on to this place by Col. M' Arthur, • for the purpose of communicating to the government particulars respecting the expedition lately commanded by Brig. General Hull, and its disastrous result, as might enable tliem correctly to appreciate the conduct of the officers and men ; and to develop the causes which produced so foul a stain upon the national character, I have the honor to submit for your consideration, the following statement. When the forces landed in Canada, they landed with an ardent zeal and stimulated with the hope of conquest. No enemy appeared within view of us, and had an immediate and vigorous attack been made upon Maiden, it would doubtless liave fallen an easy victory. I know General Hull afterwards declared he regretted this attack had not been made, and "he liad every reason to believe success would have crowned his efforts. T-he reason given for delaying our operations was to mount our heavy cannon, and to afford to the Canadian militia time and opportunity to quit an obnoxious service. In the course of two weeks the number of their militia, who were embodied, had decreased by desertion from six hundred to one hundred men ; and, in the course of three weeks, the cannon were mounted, the ammunition fixed, and every preparation made for an immediate investment of the fort. At a council, at which were present all the field officers, and which was held two days before our preparation? were completed, it was unanimously agreed to make an immediate attempt, to accom- plish the object of the expedition. If by waiting two days we could have the service of our heavy artillerv, it was agreed to wait; if not, it was determined to go withoiit it, and attempt the place by storm. This opinion appeared to correspond with the views of the General, and the day was appointed for com- mencing our march. He declared to me, that he considered himself pledged to lead the army to Maiden. The ammuni- tion was placed in the waggons ; the cannon embarked on board the floating butteries, and every requisite article was prepai'ed. SUEEENDEE OP DETKOIT 219 The spirit and zeal, the ardor and animation displayed by the officers and men, on learning the near accomplishment of their wishes, was a sure and sacred pledge, that in the hour of trial they would not be found wanting in their duty to their country and themselves. But a change of measures, in opposition to the wishes and opinions o^ all the officers, was adopted by the Gei^eral. The plan of attacking Maiden was abandoned, and instead of acting offensively, we broke up our camp, evacuated Canada, and recrossed the river, in the night, without even the shadow of an enemy to injure us. We left to the tender mercy of the enemy the miserable Canadians who had joined lib, and the protection we afforded them was but a passport to vengeance. This fatal and unaccountable step dispirited the troops, and destroyed the little confidence which a series of timid, irresolute and indecisive measures had left in the com- manding officer. About the 10th of August, the enemy received a reinforce- ment of four hundred men. On the twelth the commanding officers of three of the regiments, (the fourth was absent) were informed through a medium which admitted of no doubt, that the General had stated that a capitulation would be necessarv. They on the same day addressed to Governor Meigs of Ohio, a letter,^ of which the following is an extract. 'Believe all the bearer wili tell you. Believe it, however it may astonish you, as much as if told by one of us. Even a ^ n,is talked of by the The bearer will fill the vacancy.' The doubtful fate of this letter rendered it necessary to use circumspection in its details, and therefore these blanks '^^e^e left. The word 'capitulation' will fill the first, and ' comjnanding general,' the other. As no enemy was near us, and as the superiority of our force was manifest, we could see nc necessity for capitulating, nor any propriety in alluding to it. We therefore determined in the last resort to incur the responsibility of divesting the General of his command. This plan was eventually prevented by two of the commanding officers of regiments being ordered upon detachments. On the 13th the British took a position opposite to Detroit, and began to throw up works. During that and the two follow- ing days, they pursued their object without interruption and established a battery for two 18 pounders and an 8 inch howitzer. About sun-set on the evening of the 14th a detaeh- 1 For this letter, see p. 137. 220 CANADIAN AECHIVES merit of 350 men from the regiments commanded by Co]. M'Arthur, and myself, was ordered to marcii to the river Kaisin, to escort the provisions, which had some time remained there protected by a party under the command of capt. Brush. On Saturday, the 15th about 1 o'clock, a flag of truce arrived from Sandwich, bearing a summons from General Brock for the surrender of the town and fort of Detroit, stating he could no longer restrain the fury of the savages. To this an immediate and spirited refusal was returned. About four o'clock tlieir batteries began to play upon the town. The fire was returned and continued without interruntibn and with little eflect till dark. Their shells were thrown till eleven o'clock. At diay-light the firing on both sides recommenced; about the same time the enemy began to land troops at Spring wells, three miles below Detroit, protected by two of their armed vessels. Between 6 and 7 o'clock they had effected their land- ing, and immediately took up their line of march. They moved in close column of platoons, twelve in front, upon the bank of the river. The fourth regiment was stationed in the fort; the Ohio volunteers and a part of the Michigan militia, behind some pickets, in a situation in which the whole flank of the enemy would have been exposed. The residue of the Michigan militia were in the upper part of the town to resist the incur- sions of the savages. Two 24-pounders, loaded with grape, were posted upon a commanding eminence, ready to sweep the advancing column. In this situation the superiority of our position was apparent, and our troops, in the eager e3q)ectation of victory, awaited the approach of the enemy. Not a discon- tent broke upon the ear ; not a look of cowardice met the eye. Every man expected a proud day for his country, and 'each was anxious that his individual exertion should contribute to the general result. When the head of their column arrived within about five hundred yards of our line, orders were received from Gen. Hull for the whole to retreat to the fort, and for the 24-pounders I'.ot to open upon the enemy. One universal burst of indig- nation was apparent upon the receipt of this order. Those, whose conviction was the deliberate result of a dispassionate examination of passing events, saw the folly and impropriety of crowding 1100 men into a little work, which 300 could fully man, and into which the shot and shells of the enemy SUEEENDSK OF DETEOIT 221 V ere falling. The fort was in this manner filled ; the men were directed to stack their ai-ms, and scarcely was an opportunity afforded of moving. Shortly after a white flag was hung out upon the walls. A British officer rode up to inquire the cause. A communication passed between the commanding Generals, which ended in the capitulation submitted to you. In entering into this capitulation, the General took counsel from his own feelings only. Not an officer was consulted. Not one antici- pated a surrender, till he saw the white flag displayed. Even the women were indignant at so shameful a degradation of the American character, and all felt as they should have felt, but Le who held in his hands the reins of authority. Our morning report had that morning made our effective men present, fit for duty 1060, without including the detach- ment before alluded to, and without including 300 of the ]Michigan militia on duty. About dark on Saturday evening the detachment sent to escort the provisions, received orders jfrom Gen. Hull to return with as much expedition as possible. About 10 o'clock the next day they arrived in sight of Detroit. Had a firing been heard, or any resistance visible, they would have immediately advanced and attacked the rear of the enemy. The situation ir which this detachment was placed, although the result of an accident, was the best for annoying the enemy and cutting off his retreat that could have been selected. With his raw froops enclosed between two fires and no hopes of succor, it is hazarding little to say, that very few would have escaped. I have been informed by Col. Findley, who saw the return of their quarter-ma&ter-general the day after the surrender, that their whole force of every description, white, red, and black, was 1030. They bad twenty nine platoons, twelve in a platoon, of men dressed in uniform. Many of these were evidently Canadian militia. The rest of their militia increased their white force to about seven hundred men. The number of the Indians could not be ascertained with any degree of precision; not many were visible. And in the event of an attack upon the town and fort, it was a species of force which could have afforded no material advantage to the enemy. In endeavoring to appreciate the motives and to investigate the causes, which led to an event so unexpected and dishonor- able, it is impossible to find any solution in the relative strength of the contending parties, or in the measure of resistance in our 222 CANADIAN AECHIVES power. That we were far superior to the enemy; that upon auy ordinary principles of calculation we would have defeated them, the wounded and indignant feelings of every man there will testify. A few days before the surrender, I was informed by Gen. Hull, we had 400 rounds of 24 pound shot fixed, and about 100,000 cartridges made. We surrendered M'ith the fort, 40 barrels of powder, and 2500 stand of arms. The state of our provision has not been generally under- stood. On the day of the surrender we had fifteen days' pro- \'isions of every kind on hand. Of meat there was plenty in the country, and arrangements had been made for purchasing grain and grinding it to flour. It was calculated that we could readily procure three months' provisions, indeijendent of 150 barrels floiir, and 1300 head of cattle, which had' been for- warded from the state of Ohio, and which remained at the river Raisin, under Gapt. Brush, within reach of the army. But had we been totally destitute of provisions, our duty and our interest undoubtedly M'as to fight. The enemy invited us to meet him in the field. By defeating him the whole country would have been open to us, and the object of our expedition gloriously and success- fully obtained. If we had been defeated we had nothing to do but to retreat to the fort, and make the best defence which circumstances and our situation rendered practicable. Bmt bssely to surrender, without firing a gain — tamely to submit, W'ithout raising a bayonet — disgTacefully to pass in review before an enemy, as inferior in the quality as in the number of his forces, were circumstances, which excited feelings of iidignation more easily felt than described. To see the whole of our men flushed with the hope of victory eagerly awaiting the approaching contest, to see them afterwards dispirited, hopeless and desponding, at least 500 shedding tears, because they were not allowed to meet their country's foe and to fight Ibeir country's battles, excited sensations, which no American has ever before had cause to feel, and which, I trust in God, will never again be felt, while one man remains to defend the standard of the Union. I am expressly authorised to state, that Colonel M' Arthur, Col. Findley, and Lieut. Col. Miller, viewed this transaction ill the light which I do. They know and feel, that no circum- stance in our situation, none in that of the enemy, can excuse SUEKENDEE OF DETROIT 22'j a capitulation so dishonorable and unjustifiable. This too, is the universal sentiment among the troops; and I shall be surprised to learn that there is one man who thinks it was necessary to sheath his sword, or lay down his musket. I wasi informed by Gen. Hull the morning after the capitula- tion, that the British forces consisted of 1800 regulars, and that he surrendered to prevent the effusion of human blood. That he magnified their regular force nearly five-fold, there can be no doubt. Whether the philanthropic reason assigned by him is a sufficient justification for surrendering a fortified ti.>wn, an army and a territory, is for the government to deter- mine. Confident I am, that had the courage and conduct of the General been equal to the spirit and zeal of the troops, the event would have been as brilliant and successful as it now is disastrous and dishonorable. A. W. COCHRAN TO HIS FATHER. (EXTRACT.) (Canadian Archives, Cochrane Papers, M IJ/.?, p. 211f) Montreal, October 10, 1812. The man who came in from the American Camp brought a Plattsburgh paper of the 3"^ instant and an Albany paper of the 22"'* ult". In the Plattsburgh paper was General Hull's official letter to his Gov* in which he makes out a good story for himself, by underrating his own force at QOO effective men and overrating our's at 2000 of whom he says 800 were regulars so that what with one lie and another he makes it out as clear as noonday that Alexander the Great himself c** have done uo more than he did, — In one place he says that he is convinced that his officers & men w^ have fought until their last cartridge was expended and their bayonets worn to the sockets! The Americans I think bid fair to rival & surpass the French in gasconading as well as in every thing that is dishonourable base & contemptible ; — But after hearing Hull auAi et alteram partem. In the Albany paper was contained the official report of ColonelCass to the See'' at War in which be delivers (he says) the opinions of all the Colonels, who were with Hull ; And Cass denies positively and roundly every fact stated by Hull as a reason for the surrender; His letter gives the lie point blank to Hull's whom he calls a coward or traitor in every thing but the express te^rms for he says that 224 CANADIAN ARCHIVES the Surrender was the effect of the General's persoml^ feelings alone, — now those feeling must have been such as will stamp (him) either for a coward or a traitor; Colonel Cass letter is so far good that the material facts are truly stated, but these Yankees can not tell a plain story like other folks ; — they can- not help immersing the wig in the ocean as Sterne says of the Frenchman, and Colonel Cass's high prancing words fall very little short of General Hull's or Commodore Kodgers' gas- conades in point of vanity and absurdity. — THE DUKE OP YORK' TO SIE GEORGE PREVOST. (Canadian Archives, C 677, p. 116.) Liwplicaie! Horse Guards 7** Oct' 1812. Sir, I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your Dispatch of the 26* August with its enclosed Report from Major General Brock, announcing the Surrender of Fort Detroit by Brigadier General Hull with The Army under his Command: and also reporting the arrangements & Operations connected wit3i this Event. An occurrence which so gloriously terminates a Campaign, commenced under the declared Confidence of Success on the part of an arrogant Enemy, cannot fail of being most acceptable to The Prince Regent and gTatifying to The Country in general ; and in communicating upon the Subject with His Royal Highness, I have His Commands to assure you that he highly approves the judicious and prompt arrangements which you adopted throughout The Province generally, for repelling the Progress of Invasion: and Major General Brock's exer- tions in The Country which was the more immediate object of The Enemy's attack, as well as the Skill and promptitude with which that Officer availed Himself of the Embarassments in which The Invader found Himself unexpectedly involved, are highly appreciated & acknowledged by His Royal Highness. I have The Prince Regent's commands therefore, to desire that you will be pleased to convey to Major General Brock and The Officers & Troops employed under His Comnland, in the operations against Brigadier General Hull, the full Thanks of • The Duke of York was field-marehall and commander-ln-ohief of all Britidi forces. SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 225 His Eoyal EEighness for the Important Services He, and They have performed upon this Occasion. I have the pleasure to acquaint you that The Prince Eegent has been graciously pleased to approve of the hearer of your Dispatches, Captain Ooore of the 3"^ West India Kegiment, being promoted to the Eank of Major in The Army;— and His Eoyal Highness has further been pleased to approve of Major General Brock's Aide de Camp, Captain Glegg of The 49"^ E^Iment, being promoted to The same Eank. — ' CAPTAIN HEALD TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. (Historical Register of the United States, 1812-13; 2 ed., Philadelphia, 1814; yol. II., p. 60.) Pittsburg, Oct. 23, 1812. On the 9th of August last, I received orders from general Hull to evacuate the post^ and proceed with my command to Detroit by land, leaving it at my discretion to dispose of the public property as I thought proper. The neighbouring Indians got the inforniation as early as I did, and came in from all quarters in order to receive the goods in the factory store, which they understood wer^ to be given them. On the 13th, captain Wells, of Fort Wayne, arrived with about 30 Miamies, for the purpose of escorting us in, by the request of general Hull. On the 14th I delivered all the goods in the factory store, and a considerable quantity of provisions which we could not take away with us. The surplus arms and ammunition I thought proper to destroy, fearing they would make bad use of it if put into their possession. I also destroyed all the liquor on hand soon after they began to collect. The collection was unusually large for that place, but they conducted (themselves) with the strictest propriety till after I left the fort. On the 15th, at nine in the morning we commenced our march ; part of the Miamies were detached in front, and the remainder in our rear, as guards, under the direction of captain Wells. The situation of the country rendered it necessary for us to take the 1 Jn an original iournal of Charles Askin, 1812, in tlie Canadian Archives there is a graphic account of the retreat from Chicago, de- picting the horrors of the Indian massacre and tne hravery of Captain Wells. "Captain Wells was murdered, his body cut open & his heart taken out & eat with apparent avidity hy the Indians in presence -of their prisoners and friends." 17804—15 226 CANADIAN ABOHIVES beach, with the lake on our left, and a high sand bank on our right, at about 100 yards distance. We had proceeded about a mile and a half, when it was discovered the Indians were pre- pared to attack us from behind the bank. I immediately marched up with the company to the top of the bank, when the action commenced ; after firing one round, we charged and the Indians gave way in front and joined those on our flanks. In about 15 minutes they got possession of all our horses, pro- visions, and baggage of every description, and finding the Miamies did not assist us, I drew off the few men I had left, and took possession of a small elevation in the open prairies, out of shot of the bank or anv other cover. The Indians did not follow me, but assembled in a body on the top of the bank, and, after some consultation among themselves, made signs for me to approach them. I advanced towards them alone, and was met by one of the Potawatamie chiefs, called the Black Bird, with an interpreter. After shaking hands, he requested me to surrender, promising to spare the lives of all the prison- ers. On a few moments' consideration I concluded it would be most prudent to comply with his request, although I did not put entire confidence in his promise. After delivering up our arms we were taken back to their encampment near the fort, and distributed among the different tribes. The next morning^ they set fire to the fort and left the place, taking the prisoners with them. — Their number of warriors was between four and five hundred, mostly of the Potawatamie nation, and their loss, from the best information I could get, was about 15. Our strength was 54 regulars and 12 militia, out of which 26' regulare and all the militia were killed in the action, with two women and twelve children. Ensign George Roman and Dr. Isaac D. Van Voorhis of my company, with captain Wells, of fort Wayne, are, to my great sorrow, numbered among the dead. Lieutenant Lina D. T. Helm, with 25 non-commis- sioned oflicers and privates, and 11 women and children, were prisoners when we separated. Mrs. Heald and myself were tf'ken to the mouth of the river St. Joseph, and both being badly wounded, were permitted to reside with Mr. Burnett, an Indian trader. In a few davs after our arrival there, the Indians all went off to take fort Wayne, and in their absence I engaged a Erenchman to take us to Michillimackinac by water, when I gave myself up as a prisoner of war, with one of my Serjeants. The commanding officer, captain Roberts,, offered me every assistance in his power to render our situa- STTEEENDEE OF DETROIT 227 tion comfortable while we remained there, and to enable us to proceed on our journev. To him I gave my parole of honour, and came on to Detroit, and reuorted myself to colonel Procter, who gave us a passage to Buiffaloe; from that place I came by way of Presque Isle and arrived here yesterday. CAPTAIN GLEGG TO COLONEL BATNES. (Canadian Archives, 256, p. 229.) York 11"^ ]Srov^ 1812 My Dear Sir, At the request of M"^ Robert Dickson the bearer of this letter who intends proceeding immediately to Montreal on his private affairs, I take the liberty of giving him an introduc- tion to you, in order, that previous to his being presented to His Excellency, some interesting particulars may be made known through your obliging communication. M' Dickson is closely connected with the most respectable families in this Province, who have invariably shewn them- selves sincere and zealous friends to His Majesty's Govern- ment. The Gentleman in question, has resided for a number of years in the character of a mercantile Trader in the Western Territory, and owing to his influence and assistance with the powerful Tribes of Indians some important services have been performed f orthe British cause — His influential Interest with the Western Indians has been repeatedly acknowledged by this Government, and his efforts in having decided that much injured race of Aborigines, to abstain from hostilities with the United States, have been well known here and duly acknowledged — During the month of Feb^ 1812, existing circumstances made it highly necessary to ascertain the senti- ments and intentions- of the Western India&s — Promises of their continued forbearance had been constantly made thro* the Agents of the Indian Department, but it was much appre- hended by my vigilant and ever to be lamented friend,^ that the attack made by General Harrison's army upon the Shawnese Indians assembled under the Prophet on the Wabash on the 7'" ISTov^ 1811^ might possibly produce some spirit of retaliation — It now became an object of considerable " 1 General Brock. 2 The Battle of the Tippecanoe, see p. 6. 17804— 15i 228 CANADIAN AECHIVES importance to open a communication without loss of _ time, with the neighbouring Indians bordering on the Misisipi. No doubt could be then entertained of the premeditated destruction of the Indians by the Americans, and that merely because they had presumed to continue to establish themselves in tbe peaceful occupations of their native woods and villages — The most prompt measures were immediately adopted by the head of this Government, in conformity with the repeated Instructions of His Excellency and those of His Predecessor Sir James Craig, to prevent, by every possible exertion, the threatening flame from reaching our Frontier. M"' Dickson's influence with the Indians being well known, the advantage of immediately opening a communication with him became obvious, and the accompanying paper number 1 was despatched to him early in february last by two confid- ential Indians — M' Dickson was then at the Portage called Ouisconsin which is about one himdred and eighty miles from the Misisipi and the same distance from La Bale, about 800 miles from Amherstburg — He was then employed in admin- istering in his mercantile capacity, to the severe distresses of their women and children who were literally languishing for want of food & clothing, owing to our supplies having been discontinued and to the severity of the season. M' Dickson received the enclosed paper IST" 1^ early in May and immediately replied to it N° 2 — Previous to this date M' Dickson had observed an unusual degree of activity in the American Agents who were then residing amongst the Indians, and having ascertained that presents were daily dis- tributed by these people, which by the bye was a novel circum- stance, he made immediate inquiry, and was informed by some of the Principal Chiefs, that the American Agents, had been directed by their Government, to invite some of their leading wai-riors from each nation, to pay an early visit to Washington — A combination of various circumstances left no doubt in the mind of M' Dickson, that all this was intended as a prelude to more important events — His first endeavour was to dissuade the Chiefs from listening to the invitation of the American Government, and to point out the imminent danger of the proposed alliance — M' Dickson fully succeeded in every object, and he received the strongest assurances of friendship and support in the cause of their Father the British ^ These papers would appear to be the ones given on pp. 17 and 31, »ut there seems to be a discrepancy regarding the dates. SUERENDEE OF DETROIT 229 Monarch, whenever circumstances should render their assist- ance necessary — Soon after this communication passed, intel- ligence, reached the Wabash Indians, that General Hull with an army of two thousand men was on his march to Detroit — The Shawanese and other nations voluntarily offered to attack liim on his route, but were still induced to desist from it, by the repeated entreaties of the friends and Agents of the British Grovernment. It is however a well known fact, that General Hull's movements were all closely watched by Tecumpthsey's confidential Scouts, who were considered and received by the American General, as friends attached to their Interest — At the capture of Michilimackinac, M"^ Dickson took an active part, and his services on that occasion, have b'.en honorably recorded by Captain Roberts — After the surrender of that Post, an Expedition was immediately formed (at the solicitation of Major General Brock) by the Gentlemen of the Northwest and Southwest companies then assembled at Michilimackinac, to cooperate with the Force then con- templated to be employed against Detroit — So imperious how- ever, was the necessity for despatch, in carrying this operation ijito execution, that the expedition under ]\[ajor General Brock reached its destination and succeeded in its object, bofore the Indians intended for assistance, could form a junc- tion with our little army — The intelligence of their approach had however reached the Enemy, and I have particular reason for knowing, that this circumstance produced very considerable influence in the final negotiation. In justice to the memory of our lamented friend Major General Brock, and in obedience to what I am confident, would have been his intentions, I have taken the liberty of troubling you with this confidential commxinication, which you will be pleased to make use of, as your superior Judgement and dis- cretion may point out — I am not aware of M"' Dickson's immediate views in soliciting an interview with His Excel- lency, but I have a perfect knowledge that there is no Gentle- man in this Province more capable than himself of giving accurate information respecting the Western Indians than him- self, and I am authorized in saying, that had General Brock survived the last contest, he intended pointing out M'' Dickson lo the notice of His Majesty's Government, as a Gentleman who by his zealous and faithful services had proved himself deserv- ing of their special protection. 230 CANADIAN ABOHIVES STATEMENT OF EGBERT DICKSON. (Canadian Archives, C 257, p. 39.) Having obtain'd a supply of Merchandize at Saint Josephs from the Montreal Merchants, I left that place in the latter 6Ed of August 1811, and notwithstanding the impediments thrown in my way by the American Government I was fortunate enough to reach the Country where I usually carried on my trade. During the Winter I found the Agents of the American Government using every means in their power to influence the Indians in their behalf, by making them unusual presents of goods and inciting them in the most pressing manner to visit the President of the IJnited States at Washington, where, it was held out to them, they would hear something of the utmost importance. From these circumstances I was induced to believe that something hostile was meditated against Our Government, and being the only individual in that Country possess'd of the means of frustrating their intentions I took such steps as I trust will be approv'd of by His Excellency the Commander in Chief. The Calamitous state of the Indian tribes at that time was peculiarly distressing, the crops., of those who cultivate the Ground having fail'd, from the great drought of the preceding Summer; and owing to the same cause those who subsisted entirely by the Chace were deprived of provisions, the large Animals having gone Northward in quest of food. I left the River Missisippie on my return to S' Josephs with a number of Indians after having supplied their families with ammunition and provisions at a great expence; I was met at the Portage of the Ouisconsing by Two Courriers from Amherstburg with a communication from General Brock, in consequence of which I sent a party of Indians from LaBaye to Amherstburg where they remain'd during the Summer and were in every engagement with the Enemy I forbear entering into any detail respecting the Indians who accompanied me, as I presume that their conduct has already been made known to His Excellency the Commander in Chief. A Statement of Expences inciirr'd for the above purposes is here subjoin'd. — SUEEENDEE OF DETEOIT 231 1812 July 20 To amount of Kobert Dickson & C™ account of sundries furnished the Scioux, Follesavoine & Winibigo Indians p' account herewith N° 1 209Y3" To paid Fran° Bouthellier for sundries at Prairie du Chenes for d° p acco* N" 2 $995" 0. 69Y0" To paid Pierre Grignon for Funds for d° p acco' N" 3. 624" To Cash p* Louis Grignon for an Ox for d". 300" . To Cash p* D' Mitchell for pro- visions for d°. , 8Y6" To Cash p^ Paul Ducharme for an Ox ford". 300" To amot' of Jacob Franks account of sundries for said Indians p account ISTM. 12130" 18 To Cash p* Lewis Crawford for provi- sions for said Indians at S' Joseph p voucher IST" 5. 360" To Kobert Dickson & C° disbursements for Said Indians at Michilimackinac p account N" 6. 3483" Livres 45,006" 18 Hx Cy: £1875" 5" 9 Montreal December 3'^ 1812- K. Dickson. 232 CANADIAN AECHIVES RETURN OF PRIZES MADE BY HIS MAJESTYS VESSELS ON LAKE ERIE. &c.a (Canadian Archives, C 695, p. 89.) Nature Remarks 1 Sloop Commencement, Captured by the Boats of His Majestys Ship Queen Charlotte, Captain Hall off Fort Erie 27 Juae 1812 Cargo 12 baj-rels of Salt. 2 Three Bales of oloth taken on Board His" Majestys Ship Queen Charlotte, Capt Hall. This Cloth be- longed to an American Citizen of the United Staites, and was ship'd on Board the Queen Charlotte before the declaration of War by the U.S was known at Fort Erie. 3 Twelve Boats and Batteaux taken the Day after the Battle of Monguaga by the Boats of His Ma- jestys Ship Queen Charlotte, Cap- tain Hall, and His Majestys Brig General Hunter, Lieut Rollette, in these Boats was retaken Two wounded Soldiers of the il^t Regm' and a few stands of Arms which was appropriated for Ships use. 4 One Large Boat captured in the (lake) off Fort Erie by the Boats of His Majestys Schooner Lady Prevost Lieu* Barwie, and Hi.M,.S Queen Charlotte Cap* Hall in sight. 5 The Cayauga Packet captured by the Boats of His Majestys Brig General Hunter Lieu* Rollette Comd' on the Day Lieu* Barwis oit the Navy and a Detachment of the 41st Regmt under Lieu* Hailes and entitled to share in this Capture aa they had embark'd on board the Gent Hunter for the purpose of assisting, as appears to me, before the surrender of that' Vessell, but Lieu* Rollette is certainly to be considered as the Commander who made the Capture. 6 A large raft intended for a floating Battery picked up in the River Detroit by the Guard Boats of His Majestys Shdp Queen Char- lotte, on the Irt August 1812 This Vessell taken into His Majestys service last fall and now lies in Chippawa Creek. — The Salt was sold for 7 Dollars pr Barrell and Captain Hall will acco* for the Amot to the Cap-tors This Cloth was put into the Kings Store at Amheretburgh by Capt Ball and by order of Coin gt George it was Valued by Militia officers & Merchants of this place, the Valuation of it by the Officers, &c. accompanies this report and is marked One, Great part of this Cloth has been issued by order of Different CommilB Officers, for Clothing the Seamen, Troops, & Militia, And Capt Hall particularly requests that he may be instructed how he is to ac- count tO' the owners or Captors. These Boats were taken into the Quartermaster Generals Department and most of them sent off with Prisoners of War to Ciauga after the surrender of Detroit, And it is the oppinion of tho Undersigned Offi- cers that the lowest value of which they could set is £8 pr boat. The Cargo of this Boat is in the Hands of the Officeo's of the Com- missariat at Fort George. The Boat lies on the Bocks at Fort Erie, a return of which accompanies this mark(ed) No 2. Lieut Barwis has already! sent the accot of this Vessell to Coin iMycr®. Such information as Lieut Rollette has furnished me, of this Vessell & Cargo, accompanies this and is mark'd N" 3. This raft has been taken bjr Cap- tain Dixon of the Royal Engineers, his receipt for the same accompanies this return. GEO. B. HALL Comi Provl N(av)y. SURRENDER OF DETROIT 23^3 MEMORIAL OF LIEUT. JOSEPH LAMBETH. (EXTRACT.) (Oanadian Archives, 2S1, p. 75.) To His Excellency Sir George Prevost Governor General and Commander in Chief of His Majestys Forces in British Forth America &° &= &= The Memorial of Lieu' Joseph Lambeth 10''' B} V° Batt° Sheweth That your Memorialest being stationed at the Island of S' Josephs under the Command of Capt° Charles Eoberts of said Eegiment on the IB"" July 1812 when the Expedition was forming to come against this Place your Memorialest was appointed by that officer — to doo the duty of Garrison & Fort Adjutant and his zeal and Perseverance in Capturing the Fort is well known to Capf Roberts as likewise to all the Gentlemen who took part in the same your Memorialest was Qrder'd out and Captured on the 20"^ & 21^' same Month two Sloops on their way down from Chicago Loaded with pellteries &° which Vessels were taken, into Government Service Fort Michilimackinac 2'^ June 1814. EXTRACT FROM A MEMORIAL FROM JOHN ASKIN LATELY STORE-^ KEEPER, INTERPRETER ,& CLERK AT ST. JOSEPHS, DATED 15th OCT., 1816 AND ADDRESSED TO SIR JOHN SHERBROOKE. (Canadian Archives, C 260, p. iJfS.) Your Petitioner had enfluence enough to keep all the Indian Tribes (under his superintendence) faithful to our cause, and when War was declared in 1812, your Memorialist collected at a short notice 230 Indian Warriors, which he com- manded at the taking of Michilimackinac the lY"' of July 1812 (as will appear by Captain Eoberts certificate hereunto annexed) and after that Fortress had Capitulated, your Petitioner collected upwards of 400 additional Warriors part of them, he sent down to the aid of Amherstburg and as Michilimackinac was Garrisoned only by 40 Soldiers of the 10"" Eoyal Veterans & three of their Officers, your Memorial- ist always kept a large Body of Indian Warriors constantly on duty for the defence of that place, untill the arrival of Lieu*' Colonel McDouall with a reinforcement on the 18"' of May 234 CANADIAN ARCHIVES 1814, all Avhich time from 1807 to 1814 your Petitioner was the sole person who had the management of the" Indians & their affairs at S' Josephs & Michilimackinac, except a few Interpreters who were employed to accompany Indians sent out on parties — - I certify that John Askin Junior Esquire was present at the Capture of Fort Michilimackinac on the 17"" of July in the Year 1812 and had the Command of 230 Chippewa and Ottawa Indians and is intitled to his proportion of Prize Money Given under my Hand this 9* Day of September 1813 I'ort Michilimackinac Chaeles Eobekts Captain Comm^ EXTRACT FEOM MEMOEIAL OF PAWQUAWKOMAN, AN OTTAWA CHIEF TO LORD DALHOUSIE, 6th NOVEMBER, 1826. (Canadian Arc-hives, C 266, p. 268.) Eequete de Pawquawkoman, alias, Amable Chevalier, chef Outawa, ci-devant de I'Arbre-Croche, Lac Michigan, actuelle- ment du Lac des deux Montagues. Ecoutes moi, Mon Pere. Des le commencement que nous avons ete appelles a votre Service par Sir William Johnson, nous nous sommes rendus a Sa parole, et depuis ce temps mes oreilles ont toujours ete ouvertes pour ecouter ses Successeurs. Je rappelle le temps que les Sauteux ont defait le Fort de I'ancien Michilimackinac. J'etois du nombre de ceux qui ont ete au Secours de vos troupes I', la Baie-Verte, et qui ont ramene a Montreal plusieurs Trait- eurs Anglois qui avoient ete faits prisonniers apres la defaite de vos Troupes. Mon pere, Au commencement de la premiere guerre avec I'Amerique le Major Depoyster, qui commandoit alors a Michilimackinac, nous a invites a prendre les armes avec les Colliers de guerre de Sir John Johnson ; et J'etois du nombre de ceux qui les porterent aux Puants, Follesavoines, Scioux, Penards, Sacques, et Poutowatamies. Ensuite nous nous sommes rendus a Montreal en obeissance aux ordres de Sir John Johnson. J'etois le Chef du guerre de mon Parti. J'ai suivi le General Bourgogne dans sa Campagne, et dans le com- SUBKENDEE OF DETROIT 235 1)at ou il f ut def ait Je regus une blessure a la tete dont Je porte ■encore la Cicartrice. Je perdis en cette occasion la majeure partie de mes Jeunes-gens. Aussitot que Je fus retabli Je reeu8, par les mains du General Bourgogne, une Commission de Capitaine que J'ai perdu par une incendie. Mon pere, Sitot que Je fus informe de la rupture avec les Etats Unis de I'Amerique en 1812, Je quittai mon village et me transportai immediatement en I'lsle S' Joseph oii J'oflFris mes Services an Commandant de la Place qui les accepta. Mon pere, La femme a pris le CMkaquois, et s'est mise a chanter la guerre, et tous les autres Sauvages de Michili- mackinac voyant la femme chanter la guerre, suivirent son exemple: et apres cela le Barbue et L'Etourneau changerent •et se mirent de notre cote. Apres ce Conceil les Americains sent venus pour reprendre le Fort de Michilimackinac et neuf 'Cents hommes ont debarque. Nous n'etions que cinquante hom- mes Sauvages ; nous avons tue le Chef qui les Commandoit et plusieurs de Ses Soldats — cequi les obligea de rembarquer. Dans ■l-'automne de la meme annee Je de-scendis a Montreal, et me rendis a la parole de Sir George Prevost qui m'avoit mande. II me charges de porter ses paroles aux Sauvages des Pays 'd'en haut, et de leur dire, dans la vue de les exciter a prendre les armes contre les Americains, que le Gouvernement alloue- Toit des pensions a ceux d'entr'eux aui servient blesses, et pouvoiroit pour les femmes et enfans de ceux qui servient tues •dans le combat. Je fus mis sur la liste des Officers de Departement Sauvage comme Lieutenant. II me fit present •d'un sabre et d'une paire de pistolets en presence de plusieurs officiers de son Staff et de M' M°Gillivray, et me promit que Je serois recompense. Me fiant, comme J'ai toujours fait, sur la parole de Mon Pere, Je n'hesitai pas de porter par des Colliers ses paroles par toutes les ITations, et de combattre eontre les Americains dans les differentes occasions qui se sont presentees. EXTRACT FROM AN ORIGINAL JOURNAL OF CHARLES A SKIN,i IN THE CANADIAN ARCHIVES. Left Warner ISTelles's Friday afternoon the 24*"^ (Inly, 1S12.) met on my V7ay up to the Mohawk Castle two or three 1 Charles Askin, second son of Lieut.-Colonel John Askin, was born at Detroit in 1780. He was appointed -captain of the Canl>oro and Haldi- anand company of militia in Septtmber 1812, and served in various capa- 236 CANADIAN AECHIVES Indians who appeared alarmed one of them told me that an Indian had just come. from Amherstburgh that he said there were a great body of American troops /in their way up the River Thames, horse & foot. — this Indian appeared from his dress &"'' as if he had left home to go and meet the Enemy with the party under Major Chambers; but had got alarmed and was going back again. — after going a little further I came to a Village where I saw tM'o or three hundred Indians, I found from some of them who rode up with me to Mohawk Castle that they had, had a Council and it was there determina- tion not to fight the Americans. I afterwards learnt that General Hull had wrote them a letter which was brought to them by the Indian who had as I before mentioned come from Amherstburgh, which was the cause of their holding the Council — I got in the Even^ to the Bridge,- there got a fresh horse and rode to Yieigh's where I got about 9 Clock, T found Major Chambers' with the party under his Command, slso M'' W" Crooks, and Hamilton Merrit(t) with some Light horse who had Ebenezer Allan and two other men prisoners, that were taken at Delaware for some treasonable behavior — Saturday 25** in the morning M"' Merrit(t) went off with his prisoners to ISTiaffara, Major Chambers, young S' John & myself rode down to G(rand) E(iver) to the Mohawk Castle, AVe found Cap' ISTorton, there v/ho told us that few of the Indians, were ready yet to go with him, but would be in a day or two We returned from the Castle to Woodruffs at the G(rand) R(iver) Bridge dined there. Cap* W. with us., from this Major C. and myself with Lieu' Garner a Militia Officer (who volunteered his Services to go with the Major on the Expedition) went to Mount pleasant press'd a few waggons then rode to Teigh's, M"^ Hamilton,^ Wilkinson," and some of the men had left it and gone with part of the baggage to Oxford — Sunday 26"^ Morn^ Our party left Yeigh's in Waggons and went to Oxford where We found some of the Oxford Militia under Col. Bostwick I think ab' Seventy five of them. — cities throughout the war. He was commissioner of Customs from 1821 until 1826. The fragments of his diary and his letters to his kinsfolk, which have been preserved, contain much interesting information not ta be found elsewhere. Many of these are in the Canadian Archives. ^ Captain George Hamilton of the 1st Kegiment of Lincoln militia. 2 Alexander Wilkinson, who served as a gentleman volunteer with the 41st Regiment; appointed ensign in the Canadian Fencibles, April 18, 1813. SUEEENDEE OF DETROIT 237 Monday 27"" In the morning Col. Talbot, arrived at our 'Camp, from Long P' with young M' Eolph and some Other Officers of the Long P' Militia who Said that their Militia had been on their march to join us had got as far as Masacres : but there mutinied and went back, Tuesday 28''" I was taken ill in the morn^ occasioned by being out a great deal in the Eain, (continued ill Wed. 29"', & 30 in the afternoon on Thursday I went with M"^ Carl to stay at his house as it was more comfortable there than where I was staying, and I thought I should soon recover, — before 1 left our Camp (for I know not what else to call it) Col. Talbot, had gone either to L^ P' or Port Talbot, Cap' Norton had joined us with ab* 12 or 14 Indians, W"' Crooks & M' Eacey had been with us and had gone off with Westbrook of Delaware to take him down a prisoner as he was supposed to have some concern with the Enemy and suspected to have aided in having General Hull's proclamation promulgated. Friday 31^' Doct' Sumner paid me a visit and wished to give me an Emetic but I felt myself so much better that I ■declined taking any, he advised then to remain for a few days Vi?here I was. — -the Doct' left me and soon after M"^ Wilkinson ceme and informed me that the men were to march for Dela- ware that evening, I got the few things packed up I bad with me and left M' Carl's where I had been treated with very gTeat attention and politeness, he has a large family most of them Sons growing up, they all appear much attached to the British Grovernment, which I believe is the case with very few in Oxford Delaware, or the Grand Eiver, — On my Arrival at my old Quarters, I found that Major Chambers and M'' Hamilton had been on their way to Delaware but had returned in consequence of some Despatches brought to the Major by young M' Secord, I also learnt that we had taken Michili- mackinack without firing a shot, it was said to be taken by a party of Indians under M' Eob' Dickson — Saturday Aug* 1^' The Detachment left Oxford with the Dragoons, & ab' 70 Oxford Militia — I was unwell & had to stay behind, Sunday 2* Left Fuller's with Doct" Sumner and went to Yeighs, the fatigue of riding put me in a fever, the Doct' left me here and went to Join the Detachment which had march'd to L^ P' in the morn*^. Monday 3'* I was so unwell that I was confined to bed most ail day. 238 CANADIAN AECHIVES Tuesday 4*^ Felt muck better. We heard tliat a few Light horse from York and about 100 of the York Militia were on their way to Long P' — saw 3 Canadians to-day who were just from Amherstburgh on their way to Montreal — they mentioned that the Indians had had some skirmishes with the Americans near Eiver Canard & had driven them once or twice — Got a note in the Evening from M' Hamilton from L^ P' advising me to join immediately — had a horse pressd in Ihe morn^ and rode to Long P' through a most beautiful country luid very good roads — arrived at Dover ab* 3 O Clock in the afternoon found a great many men there. Norfolk Militia, York Militia, Oxford Militia Dragoons & the 41°' also some Artillery with a 6 pounder which was sent up from Niagara- — heard on my way up that the General was coming, Wednesday 5"^ heard that the Nancy had been to Fort Erie & had taken up about 60 of the 41°' Eeg* — Was so weak that I could not drill with the men. Thursday 6"* Was unwell to day — the Militia were drilled by Cap' Chambers. Friday 7** Nothing remarkable occurred to day, in the Evening General Brock arrived. M' Wilkinson, Hamilton & myself left M' Nichols where we had been staying and went to M' Williams where Cap' Howard & other Officers, of the York Militia were, here we staid all night. Lieu' Jarvis arrived in the middle of the night — ^he came with a small jiarty of Indians — Saturday 8"" we all embarked in boats, for Amherstburgh except the Norfolk Militia under Major Salmon & ab' 14 or 16 Oxford D°, who embarked in the Chippawa — Some of the- Oxf* & Norfolk militia were left behind for want of boats — I embarked on board the Largest boat with the 41°' Major- Chambers was so unwell that he had to remain behind, our- boat being much loaded having the 6 pounder on board & many other things, we did not get off so soon as the other boats — ^we attempted to get to the carrving place but could not find the small creek that led to it nor could we get on shore, therefore anchored among the Eushes and staid there all night. Sunday 9"" Early in the morning we got under way and soon saw the General's Boat and several other, we got in the Ci eek and went up to the carrying place, we had to take out r/iost all our loading and then with the assistance of the other boats crews had great difficulty to get our boat over, — We had^ SUBEENDEE OF DETEOIT 239 to caulk^ our boat here and then load and were so long doing this that Most of the boats were seven or eight miles a head of us before we could (get) off but the wind was fair and we came up to them, the General put in at Kettle creek and all our brigade — _ Monday 10"^ Left Kettle Creek early in the Morning,- the wind fair and a good breeze — the wind increased so and there was such an appearance of a storm, that M'H3aul who sailed our boat thought it advisable to put in at Port Talbot, distance 7 Miles from Kettle Creek, this was a very bad port for our boat, for we could not get her into the Creek, and had to haul her up the beach — here we remained all day, during the day Col. Talbot and Major Chambers arrived, also ab' 28 Dragoons but these I did not see — they were ordered to Delaware immediately, during the night it rained so hard, that M' Lenn^ and myself were forced to leave our camp & go up to Col. Talbots, where we slept on our blankets before the Kitchen fire very comfortably, We found a man there who had just arrived with an express for General Brock, To day our party was strengthened by a Company of Kiflemen in two boats under Cap* Eobertson of York, — Tuesday 11* Left Port Talbot— we sail'd some time, then the wind changed and we had to row, we were left behind by all the boats, at length the wind increased so much that we went a shore and anchored off — the General who had put on shore a mile further (on) came down & had our boat taken up nearly a mile above where his Boat lay — we staid here the remainder of the day, in the even^ we got orders to get under way at 12 O Clock but that the General's boat would have a light in it and no boat should pass it, Wednesday 12'" ab' 4 O Clock in the Morn^ we saw a boat with a light passing & we got off as soon as possible but all the boats were a great way a head of us — the Wind was fair and wc passed them all before we got to Point aux Pins — the General desired us to Make the best of our Way up, the Wind was fair and we got to Point a Pele at night, here we went or. shore to cook something for the men, as we understood a psirty of American Light horse had been there — we patroled all night, not myself for I had not been well since I left port Talbot. ^ Lient. Charles Lenn of the 4l6t Begiment. S40 CANADIAN AECIIIVES Thursday IS'" Left Point au Pele before day and arrived at Amherstburgli ab* 8 O Clock in the night, we were saluted by a Number of Indians encamped near Cap* Elliotts, heard On our way up at a house we stopp'd at to day, that the Americans had left Sandwich and returned to Detroit Saturday afternoon 15'" Aug' 1812 the American Garrison was summoned to surrender by General Brock but refused, as soon' as their answer came down to Gen. B. — the artillery Officer went up to the battery opposite Detroit and soon heard a firing commence which continued for a couple of hours, the party of the 41'' which came up with us were called out, and more of the Eeg' joined us — we were then I think Just 50 men including M'^ Hamilton M'^ Wilkinson & myself, we were in two divisions the first commanded by M' Lenn and the 2'*, to which we belonged by Sergeant Blaney — Some Militia joined uf and Major Chambers form(ed) into open Column & then into Line several times, every one, and every thing allmost, ^7as at this time in motion, people passing in every direction — we were ordered to be in readiness at 4 Clock next morn^ for marching, as soon as we were dismissed the Officers of Militia and most of us were very busy in preparing every thing for action, pistols swords, &"* Long before day we were up on Sunday the 16"" then fell iu — Major Chambers commanded the 2* Brigade strong, composed of 50 of the 41" including 3 voP— M"" Hatt's com- pany (of) Militia — the Norfolk & Oxford Militia — Major Tallon^ commanded the S^ Brigade in which there was noth- ing, but the 41" & the 1" Brigade commanded by Col. S' George consisted of the Essex militia, & some the Newfound- land Corps — the 2* Brigade was halted a short time at Sand- wich then marched down near to Parks Mill, where we embarked, when marching down we saw the 3* Brigade and the General, and his staff crossing the River just below the Springwell — I think it was the handsomest sight I ever saw, the Indians were allready over — they just crossed before us, when we landed we formed in open cohimn in the rear of the 3'' Brigade, a company of Riflemen from York went over with us, we all got over withoiit any opposition — ^but (they) did not belong to our Brigade — they were most all painted as Indians — we were some time halted here, then marched up the road, I was inuch pleased to observe how unconcerned most of the men 1 Major Joseph Tallon of the 41st Begiment. SUEBENDEB OF DETEOIT 241 were both Militia and Eegulars — the first house we passed we observed the Indians had broke into and were plundering, we found them also running after horses in every direction — ^we marched at Quick time but had frequently to halt, the Carr Brigade passed us on the Eoad — I think there was about five or six Guns — and more I believe in front — I saw a number of inhabitants many of whom knew me and seemed happy to see nie, we got at last to M' Henry's about a Mile and a half from Detroit and there halted, from this place sent a flag of truce to the Garrison desiring them a 2'^ time to surrender — ^it was. a long time before we had an answer therefore was kept a long time in suspense — many were wishing them not to capitulate — there were young Officers who were anxious to have an opp^ of distinguishing themselves ; but ' most of us wished I be- lieve they should (not) — to spare the effusion of blood and for the sake of the poor Women and children who we knew would not be spared by the Indians should an action once commence — fortunately for us as it will appear afterwards the Americans after some time capitulated and surrendered themselves prison- ers of War — I forgot before to mention that while we were marching up a constant firing was kept up from Our Battery at M"^ Babys and from the American Fort, the American Guns were 24 pounders, while we staid at M' Henry's two prisoners were brought in, one by an Indian and another by one of the Eifle Company, during our stay here a good many of the Canadian Militia belonging to Col. S' George's Brigade joined US, M' W™ Forsyth was living near M' Henry's — I never saw a person more happy than he was to see us — he was so over- joyed that he could hardly speak — -We marched up to the Garrison the Carr Brigade in front — I believe there was ii pounders & the Ammunition Carrs — We marched into the Town and from that up into Fort Lernouj but there were so many American Troops in it, that we could not all get in, I believe our marching in was improper, and that it was done hj mistake, for we were but a few minutes there before we were ordered to march out, I really think while we were in the Garrison (there were) two Americans for one of us and they had still their Arms, we. formed on the West side of the Fort in line, untill all the Americans had marched out, but I was so situated that I could not see them coming out, they did not march with the honors of War — though I am told they were allowed to do it by the Capitulation but the Officers of 3 7804—16 242 CANADIAN AECHIVES the Am(erican) Army -were so mortified that they had to sarrender without fighting that they were indifferent about it ov anything else then, the American colours were flying nearly an hour after we first marched into the Garrison, After the Americans had all marched out, the Grenadiers & Light lufantry of the 41^' Eeg* and the Volunteers in that Eeg*, that is M'. Geo. Hamilton, Wilkinson myself and Jn° Richardson, commanded by M' Bullock^ of the Grenadiers, marched into the Fort, with Drum & fife to the tune of the British Grena- diers — I must say that I never felt so proud, as I did just then, as soon as we were in the Fort, the American Colours were taken down and ours hoisted, three Cheers were given as they were hoisted by the Militia and others outside the Fort — & the Indians when the Salute was fired with the Cannon gave an Indian Yell every shot — we the Volunteers remained with our Guard until the Colours of the 4'" A(merican) Eeg*" were brought by a part of our Guard & after which we got leave to go where we wished, I and M' Hamilton went to see M' Brush, where we dined — ^Two prisoners Avere taken in the Woods to day while we were at M' Henry's, one by an Indian & another by a Rifleman. There were about 2300 prisoners surrendered besides th& Militia of the Michigan Territory, who gave up their arms that day, with the others, these were 3 or 4 hund. strong — most of the American army were composed of Militia from the State of Ohio, who had volunteered their Services for a year, some were cavalry viz* one company, (a) great number Riflemen, and some infantry — there were of the Regular troops, of Artillery of the 1'' Reg' and about 3 hun"^ of the 4"* Reg' — this last Reg' are highly spoken of by the Americans, indeed from the manner they speak of them jon would suppose them to be Invincibles — ^the whole of their army were ill dressed, and few of them appeared healtby or well, indeed they seemed to me the poorest looking sett of men I have seen for a long time, their situation and dress may probably have made them appear so ill to me — ^seven hundred Rifles were taken and a great many Muskets nearly 3000 stand, & 32 p' Cannon of all descriptions, a great number of waggons, horses &° — Monday l?"" Remained at Detroit but did no duty, saw the American prisoners embarking, many of whom were unwell 1 Captain Richard Bullock of the 41st Begiment. STJKKENDBE OF DETROIT 243 with fevers & some wound-ed — poor fellows I fear few of them will ever get home, — All the Vessels from Amherstburgh I believe & those taken at Detroit were taking in prisoners; but there were not a sufficient number to take them all, and those who were on board were very much crowded, by the Capitulation, as I understand the Eegular Troops were to be kept as prisoners of War and the Militia Eeg*° were to be sent to Cleveland or Sandusky, from whence they were to return home & not serve against the English again l;his war. — of the Eegulars I suppose there is not more than 400, these I suppose will be sent to Quebec — Tuesday 18"' I crossed the Eiver, went up, to my Father's dined there and then went down to Amherstburgh to see Major Chambers with whom I had volunteered to go to the Eiver Eaizin & Foot of the Eapids,--in the Even^ I saw General Erock and his Aidecamp Col. McDonnell At Amherstburg — M' Hamilton was down there also ; but as he had embarked and I could not conveniently get on board I did not see him. For want of boats or something else we could not get off this evening for Eiver Eaizin — I saw Major Salmon & young M' Eolph — M" E. had bought a horse for 5 dolP — some were sold for two dol? I understood from the Indians, who took about three hundred on the Day of the Surrender and the day following, on the American Side — they plundered Knaggs's house and a few other houses and took a great deal from them — Wednesday 19* Amherstburgh Last night or early this morn*, the Chippawa, a small Vessel sailed from this, in which was passengers the G-eneral and his two Aidecamps, — and M' Hamilton & M' Jarvis, in the afternoon we got off from Cap' Elliotts for Eiver Eaizin, Major Chambers, Cap* M°Kee^ & his son Alex"", M"^ Bap"* Barthe^ & myself Avith some others went over in the same boat and landed below Brownstown, Alex M°Kee had his (horse) cross'd and I had another taken over he had lent me, we waited some time here, for the Indians to join us, at length Tecomese with a few others came to us — & Gun Boat commanded by M' Bender^ of the 41°' Eeg' came over — we all that is we Gentlemen embarked in the Gun Boat and got under way — our horses were sent on by Ipnd, when we got near the Point au Eoche it blew Eather ^ Captain Thomas McKee of the Indian Department. ^ Captain Jean Baptiste Barthe of the Essex militia. ' Lieutenant Benoit Bender of the 41st Regiment. 17804— 16i 244 CANADIAN AECHIVES hard and it was thought dangerous to go round the Point, we therefore put into the River Huron but how long we staid here I do not know ; for I believe I was a sleep when we left it. Thursday Mom^ 20'*' Got early in the morn* to Rocky River. Rained^ a good deal this morn^ & I believe it did last night but I was under cover during the night and not exposed to it — We got into isome houses that were deserted we made fires in them, and got some breakfast, three other boats were with us here, all under Bender's command — Cap* Elliott and his Son Alex joined us here, the(y) came on horseback with a number of Indians — ^we most all got horses and Rode to the River Raizin where we arrived about 10 or Eleven O Clock A.M. We went towards the Blockhouse but finding that the' Blockhouse was open, and nothing in it, we returned to IT Lasselle's where we got Breakfast — some Indians (arrived) while we were here, we were still at Breakfast v/hen a message came to us from M™ Anderson begging that wo would go and prevent the Indians from plundering her house — Major Chambers rode off immediately & I followed him as quick as I could — we found the Indians had taken a number of things — ^and were taking every thing valuable they rould get hold of. they paid no attention to us whatever when we tried to make them desist. The Hurons were the first to break in & plunder this house and some of them were M' Anderson's friends — from this house they went to several other houses and plundered them, old M" Knaggs house was among others plundered, some Indians remained about Ander- son's most all day,, taking and destroying things, they emptied some flour out in the yard, which they did not want. Col. Elliott was with us at the time we first went to Andersons to prevent the Indians from plundering, but did not go with us — tliinking that he would have more influence than Major C — or myself I went and requested him to go once or twice, I think twice — at last he went, it's true he was \inwell, (but I think he might have gone at first as well as at last) — Yet for all the good he did he might as well have staid where he was — Major C. was much enraged at the behaviour of the Indians, & tried to prevent them from plundering as much as he could. Cap* M°Kee when he joined us did the same — Tecompse the Indian General as he is called, behaved I must say remarkably well, he assisted us very much in trying to prevent the Indians fiom pillaging; but the Hurons could not be prevented from SUEEENDBE OF DETEOIT 245 taking what they wanted — some Soucks that had begun to plunder were stopp'* by Maj C — and they even retur some things they had taken, the Indians took a great number of horses on the river — horses they have taken every where, the day of the surrender and the day following I fancy they did not take less than 300 from the people on the Detroit side, — Cap' Elliot (t)^ who was sent here with a flag of truce on Sunday last was still here — he found Cap* Brush here who commanded a company of Gentlemen from Ohio, and a num- ber of others with him from some of the corps serving in Detroit, when he saw the letter which was from General Hull the contents of which I know (not), (but suppose it was an order for him to surrender) he said it was a forgery and Elliott was an impostor, he had Cap* E — confined and threatened to hang him — some of the Gentlemen in his company interfered and told him they would shoot him if he did, whether he thought it a forgery or not he and all those with him excepting a few sick made off that night, not in any order but as fast as they could get off six or seven of them together — in this dis- orderly manner they left the place — many of them taking horses with them that they took from the Inhabitants, — who complained very much of them, — ^when we found this .party were so far a head of us that it was no{t) probable we could ever overtake (them) and that even if we should they had nothing with them that was worth going after, it was thought advisable to send back the Indians from this place and not allow them to go to the Foot of the Rapids where we dreaded they would behave in the same shameful manner they had done to -day, at that place — some were in consequence of this sent back, and they would have all retur* had not a scoundrel of the name of Amable Bellair (I think was his name,) come and said that he was from the foot of the Rapids, and that when he left it, there were 180 Americans there, that had gone from that place about a mile, and returned, we hardly credited what he said as a Doct' Fairfield a very decent looking man had come from that place with a flag of truce, and said that there were none there but a few sick, as I interpreted I told Bellair who was a frenchman that if he deceived us he would be hung — ^the Scoundrel still insisted on it, I believe it was tlien determined that what Indians remained should go there, I was not much with them then ; and did not know well what was to be done, as Major Chambers had requested me to take 1 Captain William Elliott of the Ist Essex militia. See p. 172. 346 CANADIAN AECHIVES charge of a boat that was loaded with arms and take it to Amherstburgh he wrote Col. Procter and I had the dispatches — this night I slept at M" Jerome's where we most all staid; ■some Americans slept their also, who were much afraid that the Indians would murder them — Friday 21'' In the morn^ Major Chambers told me that ^Jap' Elliot(t) would take charge of the boat, and wished me to go with him with a flag of truce to the Eoot of the Rapids — Doct' Fairfield, & a Cap* Hull left the River Raizin with us, a Cap' Hull went in a boat with M'' Bender, and Fairfield remained with us at the River au Loutre — we took a Canadian as an Tnterpreter in case we wished to speak to the Indians — a party of whom were a head of us with Alex' Elliot (t) — we got to F'oot of the Rapids about one or two Clock in the afternoon, Ihe Indians had just begun to plunder or began as soon as we got there, but did not take much here, except horses, they took •several of these, there were no Americans here but a few that were sick, which belonged to the Army, a party of Yankees had passed that place the day before with 200 head of Cattle — but it was thought they had got out of our reach, — The Block- house here Tecompse had set fire to and was burning when we came here, the Inhabitants complained of Brush's company some of whom had stolen their horses and some other things, — we found^ 77 bbls. pork, 18 of flour & eight or ten of whiskey here, which had been left by the American Army, We foimd no arms — I suppose they were hid and some other things also, The scoundrel Bellair that had told such a falsehood respect- ing the American troops being at this place, we were going to take with us to Amherstburgh, I took his pistols from him and we considered him as a prisoner but had no one to Giiard him, some Indians begged he might be liberated which was done, and the fellow got his pistols again without my knowledge & I could never see him after — In the afternoon M' Bender arrived with the Gun Boat and two other boats — we had before this collected all the water craft we could on the River, we had two boats and some canoes which we began to load, but they were all so leaky except some canoes that we could not make use of them, the Canadians were isett to work and loaded the Gun Boat and two other boats they brought with them — after gettina; all we could in these, we put what we still had to bring with us in five or six canoes, about 11 or 12 O Clock at night we left M' Baugran's and went down the River with an Intention of going to the Lake I believe; but after going ' For official return, see p. 177. STTEBENDSE OF DETKOIT 247 six or seven miles the men one after another fell asleep & I did the same, whether the boats went a shore or not I cannot say — Saturday 22'* In the morning we were on our way down the River I think when we woke, a Canadian came down running to us & crying; he and another had been left at the Foot of the Eapidis, and we had not missed them, till this one joined us, in passing an Indian camp his comrade was stopp'd he supposed him murdered by the Indians, — a Maunsy Indian was taken from an Indian Camp, into one of the boats, that had just been stabbed by some Indian of a diff nation, we put on shore at Presqu'ile where we got a very good boat in which we put what was in the Canoes, we breakfasted here and then left this place — ^this day and night we got beyond the Eiver Raisin, nothing remarkable occurred to day — Sunday 23^ In the morn*^ we got to Point au Roch(e) — the boat I was in was a great way behind the other boats, I then advised Major Chambers to get in another which we did, we left P' au Roch(e) & got to Amherstburgh about 11 O Clock A M — Breakfasted at Cap* Elliotts, then went up to Town, found that Major Chambers mare had been stolen by the Indians during his absence and an Immense number of other horses — were taken by them on this side the River — Dined at Doct' Richardson's then rode up with Maj C — he went over to Detroit and I went to my Father's, before he left Amherst- burgh he had a very serious quarrel with Col. Elliott — From the 23'* to this date the 15*^' of September I (have kept no journal — after my return from the Foot of the Rapids, I found, Colonel Procter was acting as Civil Governor at Detroit & Judge Woodward an American Judge acting as his Secretary — ^many things have occurred during this short period which I have forgot, we had news that Chicago was taken by the Indiana and no one saved but the Command* Officer and his Wife — The Detachment that came up when I •did and to which I belonged left Amherstburgh a few days ago, also some Grenadiers under L* Bullock to return to Niagara — Major Chambers returned also, some time since by Land, Col. Procter & M' ISTichol went out to the Foot of the Rapids & returned soon, they went probably to view the Country as they had no forces with them — Cap' Muir has been commanding officer at Detroit for some time— both my Brothers were doing duty with the militia there — ^An auction has been (held) at Detroit where part of the Public property taken at the 248 CANADIAN AECHIVES Surrender was sold, Some Waggons of which, there was ab* 60 sold very low, they were from 23 to eighty odd Dollars — many other things went very low also — Indians besieging Fort Wayne have sent for assistance & for some days past prepar- ations have been making to go to that place — ^Last night part cf the Expedition left Amherstburgh in a small Vessel and in Boats, they are all under the Command of Cap* Muir a very Galant Officer — Indians have been going for some days past, & a party of Indians ab* 200 in Number who arrived here a few days ago from Mackinac under the Direction of Jn° B. Askin, have gone this morn^ with Cap* M^Kee — Young Jn° A. is also with them — they went off in great style, had a salute from the. Garrison which they returned — The Expedition consisted of ab* 150 of the 41=' Eeg* 100 of the Militia & a party of Artillery & ab* eight hundred (Indians) — these it was supposed would be joined by a great number of Indians, al] ready on their way, and before the place — the whole expedi- tion were off this morn*, the Officers Gone are Cap* Muir ] M' Bernard [ W Hale&— J L* Troughton— R. M' Dickson E. Cap* Jacobs — W" Sterling— Jn" Pike J=. Little Nich, Little Cap* Caldwell. 4ist Ar^ Engineers — > Militia. Alex Askin K,.,. . W" Hands pilitia. Cap* Elliot (t) Com* Col. Caldwell Dp''. Q' M' G. Col. Elliot (t) Ind. Dep* Cap= M^eee Do. Doct' Eichardson Sur* Jn" Do Volunteer. The Salina took part of the Expedition to Miami. INDEX Allan, Major William. Commands detachment proceeding to Am- herstburg, 104. American Army. Hull compares British force in Upper Canada with that of Michigan, 1-2; Hull compares resources with those of British force, 19-20; plans of mobilization of, 23, 24; Hull esti- mates his force as superior to the British, 36; extract from return of Hull's Brigade, 39; an estimate of Hull's forces at Detroit, 48; Hull reports his force unequal to reduction of Amherstburg, 50; talces possession of Sandwich, 57, 61, 62; Hull boasts of his re- doubtable forces, 59; their num- bers estimated from captured cor- respondence, 73; ill conduct of Ohio milita in skirmish at Can- ard river, 76; Hull requests large reinforcements from Kentucky and Ohio, 103; estimate of forces of, 105; recross river to Detroit, 126-127, 139 ; large force sent to es- cort detachment conveying provi- sions from Ohio, 127; plans for guarding convoys with provisions for, 133; Cass, with other officers, lays before Governor Meigs the critical situation of, 137-138; re- turn of killed and wounded in ac- tion at Maguaga, 141; Brock's es- timate of numbers at surrender of Detroit, 156, 159; Anderson's detachment surrenders at River Raisin, 172; see also pp. 175-176; McArthur's detachment surrend- ers at River Rouge, 172; Hull's estimate of his force at Detroit, 188; plans for large reinforce- ments of, 202-203; Harrison takes command of Northwestern troops, 202-204; position of troops at surrender of Detroit, 220; report of number of troops' on day of surrender of Detroit, 221; their Indignation at capitulation of De- troit, 220, 221; Hull's estimate of, after capitulation, 223. Amherstburg, Fort Maiden. Brock advises necessity of maintaining strong position at, 16; Hull in- sists on danger to whole western country from, 21-23; report to Liverpool on state of fort and garrison, 26; report re work on Amherstburg, Fort Maiden — Con. fort, 47, 48; see also pp. 110, 181;; Hull prepares for siege of Mai- den, 53; British force at Sand- wich' falls back on, 57, 61, 62; Hull reports making preparations- for siege of Maiden, 80-81; strength of St. George's force at, 109-110; Hull reports inadvisa- bility of storming the fort with- out artillery, 116; Hull's reasons for not attacking fort, 126-127; opinion of American officers on ability of American forces to re- duce Maiden, 137-138; Harrison' still hopes to retake fort, 204; Hull abandons plans of attack on, 218-219. Anderson, Lieut.-Colonel John. His detachment of militia surrenders at River Raisin, 172; see also pp. 175-176. Armistice. Dearborn to Secy, of War and to Hull on condltiona of, 127-129; see also note, p. 127, pp. 178, 179; injurious to British' cause if hostilities recommence, 193, 201, Armstrong, Major-General John. Biographical note on, 3; his sug- gestions to the Secretary of War in event of hostilities, 3. Army Bills. See under 'Currency.' Askin, Captain Charles. Extract from 'journal of, 24 July- 15 Sept., 1812, expedition against Detrolt,^ its surrender, and after events, 235-248. Askin, John. Commands Ottawa and Chippawa Indians at taking of Michilimackinac, note 2, p. 17; 67, see also pp. 233-234; com- mands Ottawa and Chippawas at Michilimackinac, 67; see also p. 152; represents his services to British cause. 233-234. Aux Canards river. See ' Canard river.' Baby, Captain Francois. Appoint- ed Asst. Quartermaster-General, 51. Baby, Colonel Jacques. Biographi- cal note on, 4B. 250 CANADIAN AECHIVES Barwis, Lieut. Thomas. Note re, 13; in command of the Lady Pre- vast, 232. Bathurst, Earl of. Succeeds Liver- pool as Secy, of State for Dept. of War and the Colonies, note, p. 160. Baynes, Colonel Edward. Note re, 37 ; acts as British emissary re an armistice, 127; see also p. 179. Blockhouses. Line of, erected to preserve western communication, 36, 38-39. Bostwick, Captain John. Biogra- phical note on, 99. Bostwick, Lieut.-Colonel Henry. Biographical note on, 85. British Army. Hull compares Michigan and Upper Canada forces, 1-2; Brock calls attention to inadequacy of forces available for defence, J6; assistants in commands at taking of Michlli- mackinac, note 2, p. 17; 54, 67; inquiry re support from west- ern country, 18; Hull's es- timate (March, 1812) of force to be met, 20; Brock reports loyalty of Upper Canada militia, 27-29; force raised under Sup- plementary Militia Act, 27; report on support expected from west- •ern country, 31-32; report that Brock takes troops to Maiden, 36; Col. St. George's difficulties in collecting and organizing for- ces, 45-47; statement re collected force at Amherstburg, 49; estab- lish post oppostle Detroit, 50; militia display lack of spirit, 51- 52; Hull reports deserllons of Indians and militia from, 53; the force at Sandwich falls back on Amherstburg, 57, 61, 62; deser- tion of militia and Indians from, 60, 61, 62-63, 90; statement of re- gulars, militia and Indians at re- duction of Michlllmackinac, 69; see p, 233; Brock reports ill con- duct of the militia, 74-75; Capt. Chambers leads detachment to prevent inroads up Thames river, 90, 93, 96, 99, 114-115, 116; see pp. 157, 190-191; difficulties re disci- pline among the militia, 91; ef- forts to rally the Norfolk militia, 93-94, 98-99; see pp. 96, 157, 190; Talbot to Brock on the difficulties of securing and controlling militia and Indians, 93-94; see also pp. 96, 99, 157, 190-191; estimated number of Indians and militia at British Army — Con. Amherstburg, 96; Brock to Pre- vost re his critical situation owing to indifference of militia and in- fluential officials, 99-100; see p. 161, 182, 191-194; fiailtia at York freely volunteer services, 104; Brock highly commends York militia, 105; American estimate of forces of, 105-106; Brock's re- marks on indifference of miltia officers, 107; difficulty re number of militia officers being out of proportion to their corps, 108; Brock commends regulars, militia and Indians, 112; Brock's situa- tion made difficult by unsettled conduct of the militia, Ua-120; see also p. 194; motion in Assem- bly that militia be at liberty to disband if not regularly paid, 121; see pp. 142, 182, 191, 194; distin- guished services of 41st Regt., 112, 124; see p. 90; transporta- tion difficulties of reinforcement for Amherstburg, 130; numbers of the reinforcement for Am- herstburg, 131; Procter reports that the militia and Indians are rallying, 136; see also p. 157; es- timate of numbers in action, and of killed and wounded at Mag- uaga, 141; Brock organizes his forces attack on Detroit, 142-143, 145; Brock's commendation of re- gulars, militia and Indians at sur- render of Detroit, 148-150; seealso pp. 156-160, 192, 196; strength of, at surrender of Detroit, 158; Pre- vost details to Bathurst opera- tions of force in Upper Canada, 160-164: transport with reinforce- ments captured by Essex is ran- somed, 163-164; strength of force on Montreal frontier, 164; num- erical strength of regiments in Upper Canada, 178; number of militia in western district who deserted, 191; see p. 218; rein- forcements from Lower Canada place Detroit frontier beyond at- tack, 193; Hull's estimate of, after capitulation, 223, 223. Brock, Major- General Isaac Bio- graphical note on, 4; his memo, on plans for defence, 12-14; to Prevost, on the means and ne- cessity of gaining the Indian support, 1^7; calls attention to inadequacy of military forces, 1&; to Liverpool, reports loyalty of militia and inhabitants of Upper Canada, 27-29; reported to have taken troops to Maiden, 36; to Prevost, on the serious SUBEEKTDEE OF DETROIT 251 ;Brock, Major-General Isaac— Con. situation In Upper Canada, 73- 75; his proclamation to inhabi- tants of Upper Canada, 81-83; to Prevost, on the difficulties of the situation In Upper Canada, 91- 93; hla plans fustrated by refusal -of Six Nations Indians to assist, 91; desires equal authority over mtlitary and militia, 92; to Pre- vost, stating his critical situa- tion owing to the Indifference of the militia, the magistrates and the House of Assembly, 99-100; see pp. 161, 182, 191-194; to Baynes, on the difficulties of his -situation resulting from Inaction -of Legislature and indifference of all classes, 107, 118-120; see p. 194; to Prevost, on exercise of martial law, and paym'ent of militia, 120-121; see pp. 182, 192; organizes his forces for attack on, 142-143; to Hull, demanding surrender of Detroit, 144; com- mends his force for conduct at surrender of Detroit, 148-150; his proclamation following surrender of Detroit, 155-156; to Prevost, despatches relating to operations In the surrender of Detroit, IBS- ISO; to Liverpool, detailing legis- 'lative and military difficulties, with measures taken In Upper Canada, 190-201; represents to Executive Council his critical situation, indifference of the As- sembly, and the Insubordination of militia, requesting martial law be proclaimed, 193-195; leaves Amherstburg on the Chippawa, 243. ■ Brownstown. Grand council to ef- fect Indian neutrality held at, 60, 78; see p. 36; British troops se- cure support of Wyandots at, 116; account of Indian ambuscade of Vanhorne's detachment at, 125- 126; account of skirmish at, 135- 136; see also p. 178. Brush, Captain. His detachment evacuates the fort at River Rai- sin, 172; see also pp. 175-176, 186. ' Brush, Colonel Elijah. Note re, 138. Bruyeres, Lieut.-Colonel Ralph H. Note re, 48. -'Cadet, Lieutenant Jean B. Note re, 131. ^ '. Caldwell, Captain William. Note re, 51. <^ Cameron, Captain Duncan. Note re, 130. ' Canadian Voyageurs. Corps raised by Northwest Company, note, p. 10. Canard river. Skirmishes on, 71- 72, 76, 89-90, 95-96, 119, 123-124, 157. Cartwright, Lieutenant Edward. Note re, 120. Cass, Colonel Lewis. Biographical note on, 41; (with other officers) to Governor Meigs on the critical situation of the American forces, 137-138; Hull commends conduct of, 189; to Secy, of War, critical report of causes and operations leading to surrender of Detroit, 218-223. Chambers, Major Peter L. Biogra- phical note on, 84; leads detach- ment to prevent American Inroads up the Thames, 90, 93, 96, 99, 114- 115, 116; see pp. 157, 190-191; commands Second Brigade before Detroit, 143; secures American stores and arms at River Raisin and Miami Rapids, 175-176. Chevalier, Amable. Note re, 152; memorial of, shewing services to British cause, 234-235; see also p. 216. Chicago, Fort Dearborn, Indian de- predations at, and possible eva- cuation of, 55; Harrison advises chain of posts (to guard north- western frontier) from the Mis- sissippi to, 133-134; date of sur- render, note, p. 205; account of massacre of garrison retreating from, 225-227. Claus, Colonel William. Biographi- cal note on, 5. Cochran, Andrew W. Biographical note on, 213. Coore, Captain Foster L, Carries to Bathurst despatch detailing surrender of Detroit, 184; pro- moted to majority, 225. Couche, Dy. Commissary-General Edward. Difficulties of his de- partment from lack of specie, 92. Courts Martial. Brock desires authority over the military as well as the militia re, 92, 119; Brock requests information on his authority In, and the standing of militia officers In, 119, 121. See also under ' Martial Law.' Crawford, Major Lewis. Assists at taking of Michlllmacklnac, note 2, p. 17; 54, 67. 252 CANADIAN ARCHIVES Currency. Difficulties in carrying on public service for lack of spe- cie, 92; paper money to be used in Lower Canada in lieu of spe- cie, 97; embarrassments to public service, particularly tlie militia, from total want of specie, 111-112; 3rock advises paper medium to satisfy demands of militia, 121; motion in Assembly that militia be at liberty to disband if not re- gularly paid, 121; see pp. 142, 182, 191, 194; the issue of Army Bills relieves situation in Upper Can- ada re payment of military and militia. 163; see also pp. 92, 110, 179, 191, Declaration of War. News of, sent to Hull, 35 Uee note) ; news first received in Canada through North West Company, 37; note re date of, 114. Dearborn, Major-General Henry. Biographical note on, 40; to Secy, of War and to Hull on conditions of armistice, 127-129; see also pp. 178, 179. Detroit. Artillery and naval equip- ment at, 4-5; Americans collect quantities of ordnance (January, 1812) at, 15; measures are taken (Feby., 1812) for defence of, 16, 19; Brock's opinion (Feby., 1812) that the fort is too strong to carry by assault, 16; importance of strong army at, advised by Hull, 22; American army re-cross river to, 126, 139; importance of keeping communication with Ohio open, 21, 36, 38,50,52,116-117,138; seep. 185; general orders to troops before attack on, 142-143, 145; de- mand and refusal to surrender, 144-145; articles and supplemen- ,tal articles of capitulation of, 146- 147; see p. 172; prize pay list at surrender of, 148; return of prisoners at surrender of, 153; return of ordnance, stores, &c., taken at, 154-155; Brock's pro- clamation following surrender of, 155-156; Brock's despatches on surrender of, 156-160; Prevost to Bathurst, detailing measures and operations terminating in sur- render of, 160-164, 177-180, 181- 184; frontier placed beyond at- tack by reinforcements from Lower Canada, 193; supply of stores, arms and provisions short- ly before surrender of, 222; Cass to Secy, of War, report of causes and operations leading to sur- Detroit— Core. render of, 218-223; Capt. Askin's re expedition against and surren- der of, with after events, 233-248. Dewar, Lieutenant Edward. Note re, 44; see also p. 149. Dickson, Robert. Biographical note on, 17; takes leading part In cap- ture of Michilimackinac, note 2, p. 17; 54, 67; reports on British sup- port expected from the western country, 31-32; account of his services to British cause, 227-229 L see also pp. 230-231. Dixon, Captain IVIatthew C. Bio- graphical note on, 44; see pp. 148, 232. EaHe, Captain Hughl Note re, 14; see p. 232. Edwards, Governor Ninlan. Note re, 49. Elkswatawa. Biographical note on,. 7; American efforts to gain sup- port of, 77; see p. 79; Harrison's suggestions for expedition against, 134. Elliott, Colonel Matthew. Biogra- phical note on, 6; see p. 63; two American detachments surrender acc'd'g to articles of capitulation to, 172; see also pp. 175-176. Erskine, David Montague, Recalled from United States for exceeding instructions regarding peace, note, p. 128. Eustis, Hon. William. Biographi- cal not on, 1. See also under ' Secretary of War — American.' Evans, Brigade Major Thomas. Note re, 113, Executive Council. Brock repre- sents critical situation of Pro- vince to, 120-121, 193-195; advise prorogation of Assembly and pro- clamation of Martial Law, 195. Findlay, Colonel James. Note re, 39; see p. 221; (with other ofH- cers) to Govr. Meigs on critical situation of American forces, 137-138; Hull exonerates him from possible disapproval, 189. Fitzgibbon, Lieutenant James. Note re, 107. Flag of truce. Hull's explanation of incident re, 145, 212; Captain Brown's version of the incident re, 214. SUEEENDEE OF DETROIT 253 Fort Dearborn. See under ' Chicago, Fort Dearborn.' Fort Findloy. Location of, 39. Fort Maiden. See under ' Amherst- burg. Fort Maiden.' Fort St. Josephs. Suggestion to re- move garrison of, to St. Mary's, 9-10, 14; report to Liverpool on, 26; commandant considers It In- defensible, 65; see pp. 37, 54. Fort Wayne. Harrison suggests that an army be collected at, 133; Harrison marches to relief of, 204, 205; expedition under Capt. Muir against, 248. Foster, Augustus J. Note re, 127. General Orders. American, 117; British, 84. 104, 112, ■'^23, 125, 137, 138, 141, 145, 148. Gilkinson, Captain William. Note on, 13. Givins, Major James. Appointed Provincial A.D.C., 143 (see note). Glegg, Captain John Bachevoyle. Biographical note on, 17; see p. 225. Grant, Commodore Alexander. Bio- graphical note on, 13. Gray, Captain Andrew. Biographi- cal note on, 8. Habeas Corpus. See under ' Mar- tial Law and Courts Martial.' Hall, Captain George Benson. Bio- graphical note on, 12; see pp. 149, 232. Harrison, Major-General William Henry. Biographical note on, 6; to Secy, of War, on uncertain at- titude of western Indian tribes, 42-43; see pp. 123, 164-165; his command to extend to Indiana ^nd Illinois, 49-50; to Secy, of War advising offensive measures against Indians, 131-135; advises chain of posts from the Missis- sippi to Chicago to guard north- western frontier, 133-134; to Secy, of War, on the situation, and measures taken on northwestern frontier 202-204. Hatt, Captain Samuel. Note re, 149. Hays, John. Note re, 170. Heald, Capt. Nathan. To Secy, of War, account of massacre of gar- rison retreating from Chicago, 225-227; see pp. 54-55. Howard, Captain Stephen. Note re, 105. Hopkins, Major-General Samuel. Note re, 203. Hull. Captain A. F. Note re, 60. Hull, Captain D. Note re, 117. Hull. Brigadier-General William. Biographical note on, 1; compares American with British resources, 1-2, 19-20; remarks to Secy, of War in view of hostitltles, 1811, 1-3; to Secy, of War, on condi- tions and measures of defence advisable, 19-23; emphasizes im- portance of keeping open com- munication for supply of provi- sions, 21, 36, 38, 50, 62, 116-117, 138; see p. 185; Secy, of War sends news of declaration of war to, 35; see pp. 38, 43; confident of superiority of American force, 36; authorized to commence of- fensive operations, 37; to Secy, of War, re protection of north- western frontier by line of block- houses, 38; to St. George, with reply, re disposition of captured private papers and property, 40- 41; 69-70; objects to his limited latitude, 44; important corres- pondence of, found on captured schooner, 44^ 69-70; see also note, p. 19; pp. 43, 73, 90, 110, 113; to Secy, of War re prospects of suc- cess, 50; see pp. 53, 60; reports desertions of Indians and militia from British force, 53, 60; his proclamation to the inhabitants of Canada, 58-60; boasts of his redoubtable force, 59; threatens instant destruction to whites fighting with Indians, 69; his proclamation to the Six Nations Indians, 72; reports he has ef- fected neutrality or support among the chief Indian tribes, 78; requests large reinforcements from Kentucky and Ohio, 103; to Secy, of War, is less confident of success, 115-117; to Secy, of War, reporting engagement at Browns- town, 125-126; to Secy, of War, giving reasons for not attacking Maiden, 126; see pp. 116, 218-219; to Secy, of War, reporting action at Maguaga, 139-141; to Brock, refusing to surrender Detroit, 144-145; his explanation of the fiag of truce incident, 145, 212; see p. 214; his intercepted letter to Secy, of War shews his atti- tude less confident, 178; to Secy, of War, detailing adverse circum- stances leading to his surrender, 184-190; his estimate of his force at Detroit, 188; exonerates his associates in command, 189; soli- 254 CANADIAN ARCHIVES Hull, Brigadier General — Con. cits investigation re his surren- der of Detroit, 190; sent to Que- bec, released on parole, and ex- clianged, note 2, p. 213; court martial sentence of, remitted, note 2, p. 213; account of Col. Cass on his conduct during siege of Detroit, 218-223; his estimate of American and of British troops after capitulation of Detroit, 223~ Indians. Hull fears their becoming British allies, 2-3; number killed at the Tippecanoe, 8; of Michili- mackinac country well affected towards the British, 15; Brock to Prevost, on the means and ne- cessity of gaining support of,. 16- 17; officers in command of, at surrender of Michilimakinac, note 2, p. 17; 54, 67; American officers instructed to refuse their servi- ces and advise their neutrality, 20; see pp. 53, 78, 182; note on American campaign against tribes of western country, 21; British intercourse with, carefully con- ducted, 28; large numbers at Am- herstburg and Brownstown sup- plied by British with provisions, 36; Hull reports many as friendly to American caus«, 38; Governor Harrison reports uncertainty of support from, 42; grand council (British) held at Amherstburg, 46-47; /number at Amherstburg attached to British cause, 49; Hull reports that British have control of, 50; Hull reports many desertions from the British force, and his influence for neutrality over others, 53; grand council (American) held at Brownstown to effect neutrality of all nations, 53, 60, 78; Dickson's remarks to Brock on state of western na- tions, 56; the part taken by, in reduction of Michilimaoklnac, 54, 66, 67-69; see also pp. 150-153, 214-217; Hull reports Increased American Influence over, 60; kept faithful to British by Te- cumseh, 63; estimate of numbers taking part in reduction of Michilimackinac, 69; see also pp. 103, 233-234; Hull's proclamation to the Six Nations, 72; support of the far west tribes depends on fate of Michilimackinac, 73; Am- ericans have skirmishes at River Canard with, 76; Americans ar- range for grand council at Piqua, 77, 78; American newspaper re- ports re British tactics to gain Indians — Con. support of, 77; Hull reports new- trality or support among chief tribes, 78; Six Nations refuse tO' assist British, announcing a po- licy of neutrality, 90-91; see also pp. 94, 96, 191; report of WIU-- cock's efforts to gain support of Six Nations for British, 209-211; unsatisf aQtory conduct of Ottawas - and other tribes at Michilimack- inac, 101-102, 150-151, 215-217; see- p. 207; Hull's remarks on support British may command from, 116; Brock censures conduct of, 120; Governor Harrison's remarks on- offensive measures against, 131- 132; combination said to exist among western tribes, 131, 134- 135; Harrison's plans for bring- ing them to decisive action, 134; Wyandots decide to join British- cause, 135-136; see p. 126; fight under Tecumseh with great ob- stinacy at Maguaga, 140; Brock warns Hull he may lose control of, when contest commences, 144;. Brock commends conduct of, at surrender of Detroit, 150, 159-160; outrageous conduct of, at Am- herstburg, River Raisin and the- Miami Rapids, 174, 175-176; Hull attributes his surrender to fear of atrocities by, 184-189; Brock warns Liverpool of danger from the Six Nations, 191; Brock re- marks on treatment of, by Am- ericans, 192; Brock directs that protective measures against their depredations on Detroit frontier be taken, 209; attitude of western nations influenced by Robt. Dick- son, who opens British communi- cation with, 227-229; see pp. 230- 231; Jno. Askin's services in se- curing and retaining for British, support of, 233-234; those besieg- ing Fort Wayne send' to British for aid, 248. See also under Chevalier, Amable; Elkswatawa; Roundhead; Tecumseh. Jarvis, Lieutenant Samuel Peters. Note re, 105. Jessup, Major Thomas S. Biogra- phical note on, 39; see p. 190. Kingsbury, Colonel Jacob. To col- lect large force at Cincinnati to be sent to Detroit, 24. Kingston, U.C. Is reinforced by men and stores to aid in preserv- ing communication betwen Upper and ILiOwer Canada, 98; see pp. 21, 1?0, SUEEENDBE OF DETEOIT 255 Lamont, Thomas, Note re, 107. Land Grants. For families of de- ceased soldiers and marines, 28- 29. Lambeth, Adjutant Joseph. Repre- sents his services to British cause, 233, Legislative Assembly. Brock's op- inion of, 99 ; Broclc fears their re- fusal to amend Militia Act, 104; see also pp. 99-100; refuse to sus- pend the statute re Habeas Cor- pus, 104; motion that the militia should be at liberty to return home if not regularly paid lost by two votes, 121; Brock's hopes of effective measures by, not rea- lized, 119, 161, 182, 191, 194, 195; Brock represents critical state of Province to, 195-197; President's speech to, and reply from, on opening the Legislature, 195-197, 199-200. Legislative Council. President's speech to, and reply from, on opening Legislature, 195-199. Lethbridge, Colonel Robert. Sent to Upper Canada for service, 97. Liverpool, Earl of. Note re official position, 26. Long Point. Brock collects a force for relief of Amherstburg at, 104, 119; see also pp. 122, 157. MacdoneU, Lieut.-ColonelJohn. Bio- graphical note on, 85. Maguaga. British troops secure support of Wyandots at, 116; ac- count of action at, with return of killed and wounded, 139-141. Marine Affairs. See under 'Naval affairs.' Martial Law. If proclaimed, Brock fears dispersal of militia, 99-100; see pp. 194, 195; Brock deplores inaction of Legislature in suspen- sion of statute re Habeas Corpu* and, 104; see also pp. 119, 161, 182, 194; Prevost to Brock, re- marks on authority to declare, 113-114; Brock requests informa- tion on the carrying Into effect of, 119, 121; Executive Council advise proclamation of, 195; see pp. 193-194. See also under ' Courts Martial.' McArthur, Colonel Duncan. Bio- graphical note on, 31; (with other officers) to Govr. Meigs on criti- McArthur, Colonel Duncan — Con. cal situation of American forces,. 137-138; his detachment at River Rouge surrenders aco'd'g to Hull's capitulation, 172; Hull exonerates him from possible, disapproval, 189. McDouall, Captain Robert. Note re, 124. McKee, Major Thomas, Biogra- phical note on, 142. Meigs, Governor Return Jonathan. Biographical note on, 23; Cass and other officers lay critical situation of American army be- fore him, 137-138. Merritt, Lieutenant William Hamil- ton. Biographical note on, 85. Miami Rapids, Return of provi- sions found at, 177; see also pp. 176, 246. Michigan Territory. Hull compares its population and military strength with that of Upper Canada, 1-2, 19-20; Chief Justice Woodward to Procter, data on the civil government and geo- graphical limits of, 166-170; ques- tion of operation of American re- venue laws in, 175; Procter is temporary administrator of, 209; see pp. 165-166. Michilimackinac. Memo, on num- bers and loyalty of inhabitants , of country of, 15; officers in com- mand at surrender of, note 2, p. 17; preparations for attack an, 53-54; articles and supplement to articles of capitulation of, 63-64; despatches re the taking of, 65- 69; see also pp. 72-73, 214-217, 223-235; sources of returns of ordnance, provisions and garrison on reduction of, note 3, p. 65; Roberts reports unsettled condi- ton of affaires since its surrender, and desires reinforcements, 100- 103; Roberts' difficulties with In- dians, and with the garrison at, 150-153; see p. 207; observations- on capture of state of, 214-217. Michilimackinac Company. See un- der ' South West Company.' Militia. See under 'American Army,' 'British Army'; regard- ing payment of militia, see under- ' Currency.' Militia Act, The Supplementary,^ Force raised under. 27i •256 CANADIAN ARCHIVES 'Miller, Lleut.-Colonel James. Bio- graphical note on, p. 72; leads force to meet detachment with provisions from Ohio, 127; leads American forces at Maguaga, 139-140. Mills, Captain William. Note re, 14. Mockler, Captain Robert. Note re, 47. Money and Money Bills. See under ' Currency.' Montreal Frontier. Strength of British force on, 164. Moraviantown. British detachment sent to, to prevent American in- roads up the Thames river, 90; see also under ' Thames River.' Moy. See under 'Sandwich.' Muir, Captain Adam. Biographi- cal note on, 45; leads detachment in action at Brownstown, 136; commands expedition against Fort Wayne, 248. Myers, Lieut.-Colonel Christopher. Note re, 91. Naval Affairs. Hull advises (1811) strong force on Lalce Erie, 3; Armstrong advises superior force on Lake Erie, 3; list of American armed vessels and British mer- chant vessels in western part of province, 5; vessels of the North West Co. offered for service, 11; Brock's memo, on plans for de- fence, 12-14; Caledonia assists in attack on Michilimackinac, note 2, p. 17; 54; capture of American schooner with important corres- pondence, note, p. 19; 43, 44 49, - 69, 73, 90, 113; with launching of Adams Hull hopes to command upper lakes, 53, 60; crews of the Erie and Freegoodwill included in capitulation of Michilimackinac, 64; see also p. 144; correspon- dence re disposition of private papers and property on captured vessel, 69-70; see pp. 40-41; loss of British transport with sup- plies of arms, 97; Lady Prevost and Nancy to convey reinforce- ments to Detroit frontier, 108; Brock comments on part taken hy Marine Dept. at surrender of Detroit, 149; return shewing number of prisoners on vessels at surrender of Detroit, 153; Adams taken at surrender of Detroit, 160; British transport with re- Naval Affairs — Con. inforcements captured by Essex; is ransomed, 163-164; British superiority on the Lakes ensures Brock's safe entry to Amherst- burg, 183; see p. 163; British ships reinforce Brock at Detroit, 188; return of prizes made by British vessels on Lake Erie, 232; cap- ture of fur-laden sloops from Chicago, 233. Niagara Frontier. Brock's opinion that enemy will not make early attack on, 75; see also p. 91; ac- tive operations not thought neces- sary by Brock on, 91; Hull com- plains of tardy operations of Am- erican army on, 115, 116; while Amherstburg holds out no Am- erican attack expected on, 163. Nichol, Lieut.-Colonel Robert. Bio- graphical note on, 149. North West Company. Plans for " their rendering services in event of hostilities, 9-11; see p. 38; bounds of their trading grounds, 10; raise the corps of Canadian Voyageurs, note, p. 10; memo, on strength and equipment of, 11; see p. 5; the Caled-onia takes part in taking of Michilimackinac, note 2, p. 17; news of declaration of war first received through, 37; 70 men embodied, and their cargoes utilized by Col. St. George, 46; disposition of their vessel and boats causes concern, 47-48; pro- mise men and provisions from Fort William, 54; numbers and loyalty of, at Fort William, 72- 73; Roberts asks for the assist- ance of their Influence at Milichi- mackinac, 152. Norton, John. Assists in securing Indian support for British, 94 (see note). Ohio. Importance of keeping open communication with Detroit, 21, 36, 38, 50, 52, 116-117, 138; Hull attributes his defeat in part to obstruction of communication with, 185. Pawquokoman. See under ' Cheva- lier, Amable.' Piqua. Americans arrange for grand council wih Indians at, 77, 78. Pothier, Major Toussaint. Note re, 15; his memo, on loyalty and numbers of inhabitants of Mlchl— STJEEENDEE OF DETBOIT 257 Pothier, Major Toussaint.— Con. limackinac country, 15; assists In taking of Michilimackinac, note 2, p. 17; 53-54; his observations on capture and state of Michili- mackinac, 214-217. Powell, Grant. Note re, 107. Prevost, Sir George. Biographical note on, 9; to Liverpool, extract of report on military position of North American provinces, 26; to Brock, re reinforcements, stores, arms, and lack of specie, 97-98; to Liverpool, on operations on Detroit frontier, 109-110; to Liverpool, on embarrassed finan- cial position of provinces, 110-111; to Brock, remarks on authority to declare Martial Law, 113; to Bathurst, detailing state of af- fairs in Upper Canada, and mea- sures adopted, 160-164, 177-180; see also pp. 143-144; confines him- self to measures of defence in ab- sence, of instructions from Home Government, 179 ; to Bathurst, re- views operations terminating in surrender of Detroit, 181-184. Prisoners of War. Return of, at Detroit, 153; numbers embarked for Fort Erie, 206; number of, sent to Quebec, note 2, p. -213; disposition of, at Detroit, 243. Private Property. Correspondence re disposition of, papers, &c., 40- 41, 69-70; see also p. 76. Proclamations. Of Hull to inhabi- tants of Canada, 58-60; of Hull to the Six Nations Indians, 72; of Brock to inhabitants of Upper Canada, 81-83; of Brock follow- ing surrender of Detroit, 155-156. Procter, Majer-General Henry. Bio- graphical note on, 74; to Brock, reporting his arrival at Amherst- burg, and state of the forces there, 89-90; to Brock, on mat- ters concerning the militia, 108; to Brock, reports Wyandots have joined British cause, 135-136; to "Woodward, requesting informa- tion re civil government, popula- tion and geographical limits of Michigan, 165-166; directions to, as temporary administration of western territory, 208-209. Prophet (The). See under ' Blks- watawa.' Raisin river. Measures for safe conveyance of provisions to De- troit from, 117, 127, 139; Colonel Anderson reports serious situa- tion at, 117-118; see p. 125; 17804—17 Raisin River — Con. Brush's detachment evacuate the fort at, 172; see also p. 176; An- derson's detachment of militia surrender fort at, 172; see also p. 244; schedule of arms and provisions taken at, 173, 176. Revenue Laws. Question of opera- tion of, in Michigan, 175. Roberts, Captain Charles. Note re, 37; despatches from, reporting capture of Michllmackinac, 65; 66; see also pp. 150-153; reports unsettled condition of affairs at Michilimackinac since capture, desiring reinforcements, 100-103; difficulties of his situation at Michilimackinac, particularly with the Indians, 150-153; see p. 207. Robinson, Captain Peter. Biogra- phical note on, 130. Robinson, Commissary General Wil- liam H. Represents embarass- ments to public service, particu- larly the militia, from total want of specie, 111-112; see note 1, p. 97. Robinson, Sir John Beverly. Bio- graphical note on, 105. Rolette, Lieutenant Charles Frede- rick. Biographical note on, 13; commands vessel which captures the Cayauga, 232. Rolph, Dr. John. Note re, 131. Rouge river. McArthur's detach- ment surrenders at, 172. Roundhead. Gallant conduct of, 176 and note. Ryerson, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph. Note re, 98. Salmon, Major George C. Note on, 84. Sandwich. American force takes possession of, 57, 61, 62, 109; see also p. 157. Scott, Governor Charles. Note re, 49. Secretary of War — American. To Hull, announcing the declaration of war, 35; to Hull, authorizing him to commence offensive oper- ations, 37; to Dearborn, instruct- ing him to prepare the eastern wing of the army for service, 40; to Harrison, instructions re pro- tection of northwestern frontier, 49-50; his correspondence with Hull found on captured schooner, 44, 69-70; see also note, p. 19; 43, 73, 90, 110, 113. 258 CANADIAN ARCHIVES Secretary of War — British, See un- der ' Bathurst, Earl of,' Liver^ pool, Earl of.' Shaw, Major Angus. Note re, 73. SheaffCk Major- General Roger H. Placed on Brock's staff, 113. Shelby, Governor Isaac. Note re, 202. Snelling, Major Joseph. Note re, 139. South West Company. Also called Michilimackinac Co., 9; location of their trading grounds, 10; to act with N. W. Co. in measures of ^defence, 9; memo, from com- pany's agent on support expected from country wherein they trade, 15; assist with stores, &c., 54; Roberts asks for the assistance of their influence at Michilimac- kinac, 152. Specie. See ' Currency.' Spring Wells. Location of, notei p. 188. Springer, Captain Daniel. Biogra- phical note on, 85; see also pp. 85-89. Stanton, William. Note re, 124. Steele, Commodore John. Note re, 14. St. George, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Bligh. Biographical note on, 24; to Hull re disposition of papers and prviate property on cap- tured schooner, 41, 70; his diffi- culties in collecting and organiz- ing forces at Amherstburg, 45- 47; see pp. 51-52; strength of his command at Amherstburg, 109; commands First Brigade before Detroit, 142. Talbot, Colonel Thomas. Biogra- phical note on, 84; to Brock, on difliculties of securing and con- trolling militia and Indians, 93- 94; directs efforts to rally Nor- folk militia, 98-99. Tallon, Captain Joseph. Commands Third Brigade before Detroit. 143, and note. Taylor, General James. Note re, 138; see p. 189. Tecumseh. Biographical note on, 33; his speech for the Wabash River Indians expressing loyalty to British, 34-35; keeps Indians faithful to British, 63; leads In- dians and is wounded in actior; at Maguaga, 140-141; Brock's high opinion of, 192; see p. 229. Thames river. British detachment sent to prevent American inroads along, 90; refusal of Norfolk militia to join Chambers' force on, 93, 96, 99; see also pp. 157, 190-191; Chambers' detachment on, moves to Delaware, 115, 116. Tippecanoe. Account of battle of, 6-8. Tousley, Major Sykes. Note re, 115. Troughton, Lieutenant Felix. Has charge of Royal Artillery at De- troit, 149. United Empire List. Families of deceased soldiers and marines to be placed on, 28-29. Upper Canada. Hull's estimate of population and military strength of, 1811, 1-2; see also p. 20; com- munication with Dower Canada to be preserved by reinforcements at Kingston, 98, 114; see p. 120; Brock's remarks on apathy and disloyalty of the inhabitants, 91, 119-120, 193-195. Van Home, Major Thomas B. Note re, 117; commands in action at Brownstown , 125-126, 186; sre also p. 140. Watson, Simon Z. Biographical note on 86; seditious actions of, 92. Wells, Captain William. Biogra- phical note on, 78; gallant con- duct of, at massacre of garrison of Chicago, 225-226; note, p. 225. Wells, Colonel Samuel, Deads de- tachment for Hull's relief, 132. Westbrook, Andrew. Biographical note on, 86; see also pp. 88, 89, 94- 95. Willcocks, Joseph. Biographical note on, 209; reports his efforts to gain support of Grand River Indians for British, 209-211. Woodward, Chief Justice Augustus B. Acts as civil secretary to Colonel Procter, note, p. 165; to Procter, on the civil government, geographical limits and popula- tion of Michigan territory, 166- 170. Worthington, Governor Thomas. Note re, 203. York, Duke of. To Prevost, after surrender of Detroit, 224-225. IB