CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ^mmmmmmlS^i^?' School and its clini The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924012492611 The Harvard Medical School AND ITS CLINICAL OPPORTUNITIES Compiled and Edited By LEROY E. PARKINS, A. B. Fourth Year H. M. S. BOSTON 1916, Copyright, 1916 By LEROY E. PARKINS Press of Ralph W. Hadi.ey 708 Dudley St,, Boston TO MY MOTHER AND FRIENDS of tlje ||aruarb fclitral #ri|nnl By President Eliot in 1906 "I devote these buildings and their successors in coming time to the teaching of the medical and surgical arts which combat disease and death, alleviate injuries, and defend and assure private and public health; and to the pursuit of the biologi- cal and medical sciences, on which depends all progress in the medical arts and pre- ventive medicine. " "I solemnly dedicate them to the service of individual man and of human society, and invoke upon them the favor of man and the blessing of God." PREFACE T N presenting this small volume on the Harvard Medical -*■ School and the teaching hospitals of Boston the writer has endeavored to make it of historical interest. I have also given an outline of the clinical opportunities offered by the Harvard Medical School. There is an abundant litera- ture on all of the hospitals. My greatest difficulty has been in deciding what to omit. In writing about so many insti- tutions it has naturally been necessary to consult numerous works and interview many busy people. I wish to acknowl- edge most gratefully my indebtedness for all of the facts presented. In the beginning I was somewhat at loss for a title. President Eliot very kindly solved my difficulty by suggest- ing the one used. Dr. Edward H. Bradford, Dean of the Harvard Medical ScTiool, and Roger Pierce, Business Director, approved of the idea and gave me encouragement to undertake the task. Dr. Francis W. Palfrey, Secretary of the Faculty, gave un- sparingly of his time in reading the manuscript. I wish to thank him especially. Dr. Alexander S. Begg assisted me in procuring, the data on the Graduate School of Medicine. The hospitals, without exception, gave me access to rec- ords, files of old reports, histories, etc. They also gave very material assistance in loaning cuts and pictures which have been used to illustrate the book. Drs. John J. Dowling and E. W. Wilson of the Boston City; Drs. Edwin A. Locke and Arthur J. White of the Boston Consumptives; Mr. Michael Davis of the Boston Dispensary; Mr. G. Loring Briggs of the Boston Floating; Miss Charlotte W. Dana of the Boston Lying-in; Sister Carolyn and the Board of Trustees of the Children's Hospital; Dr. William P. Graves and Miss H. J. Ewin of the Free Hospital for Women ; Miss Louise M. Coleman of the House of the Good Samaritan; Drs. R. B. Greenough and George Leland, Jr., of the Hunting- 7 ton Memorial ; Miss Eleanor D. Gregg of the Infants' ; Drs. James J. Minot and Charles E. Donlan of the Long Island Hospital; Dr. Frederic A. Washburn of the Massachusetts General, McLean, and the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary; Dr. Eugene Walker of the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary; Dr. Joseph B. Rowland of the Massachusetts General; Dr. Herbert H. Packard of the McLean; Drs. Herbert B. Howard and L. H. Burlingham of the Peter Bent Brigham; Dr. Elmer E. Southard of the Psychopathic; Drs. Joel Goldthwait, R. B. McCrudden and Miss Mary E. L. Thrasher of the Robert B. Brigham Hos- pitals have all been most kind in assisting me in obtaining data on the respective hospitals. Dr. John W. Farlow and Mr. James F. Ballad of the Boston Medical Library assisted likewise in furnishing data on the Library. Mr. C. C. Lane of the Harvard University Press loaned the cut of the Medical School grounds. Mrs. G. W. Myers, Librarian of the Treadwell Library of the Massachusetts General Hospital, and Miss Frances Whitman, Librarian of the Central Library of the Harvard Medical School assisted me in obtaining data on various institutions. Drs. Walter C. Howe and Martin R. Edwards gave me valuable suggestions on the arrangement of material. Misses Florence Armstrong and Lida L. Tennant very kindly assisted in preparing some of the manuscript. I wish to thank Dr. Robert M. Green, Editor of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, for reading the proof copy. It is my hope that this book will be a souvenir to those who have known the Harvard Medical School and the Hos- pitals of Boston; to those who aspire to become physicians I hope that it will give some idea of the fine opportunities for study and the great field for service in this great medical center. Leroy E. Parkins. Harvard Medical School, November, 1916. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 10 THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 17 BOSTON DISPENSARY, 1796 19 MASS. GENERAL HOSPITAL, 1811 26 McLEAN HOSPITAL, 1811 34 MASS. CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, 1827 37 BOSTON LYING-IN HOSPITAL, 1832 40 THE HOUSE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN, 1860 43 BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL, 1861 46 THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, 1868 51 FREE HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN, 1875 56 INFANTS' HOSPITAL, 1878 59 THE BOSTON FLOATING HOSPITAL, 1894 62 LONG ISLAND HOSPITAL, 1895 66 HUNTINGTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1899 68 BOSTON CONSUMPTIVES' HOSPITAL, 1906 72 PSYCHOPATHIC HOS-PITAL, 1912 75 PETER BENT BRIGHAM HOSPITAL, 1913 78 ROBERT B. BRIGHAM HOSPITAL, 1914 85 BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY 88 STATISTICAL TABLE 89 Missing Page Missing Page Missing Page Missing Page Missing Page Missing Page cially arranged and equipped to facilitate the work of students and professors. The lighting is all from outside windows. Three of the buildings are the gift of Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, one is the gift of Mr. David Sears, and one the gift of Mrs. Collis P. Huntington. Other friends of the institution have contributed liberally. Mr. John D. Rocke- feller gave one million dollars for endowment. The cost of the buildings was about three million dollars. The clinical facilities of' any medical school are equal in importance to the laboratories. The Harvard Medical School is especially fortunate in this regard. The development and history of the Massachusetts General Hospital is closely asso- ciated with that of the School. The Boston City Hospital since its beginning has been in most cordial relation with the School. The Peter Bent Brigham, Infants', Children's, House of the Good Samaritan, Huntington Memorial Hospitals, and the Laboratory for Research in Nutrition of the Carnegie Institution occupy land which was a part of the twenty-seven acre tract purchased by the School. These six institutions, and the Medical School, "form a group unique in their activi- ties and in their usefulness to the medical world and to humanity. These, together with the Boston Consumptives', Boston Dispensary, Boston Floating, Boston Lying-in, Free Hospital for Women, Long Island, Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, McLean, Psychopathic, and the Rob- ert B. Brigham Hospitals, all within easy access to the School, comprise an almost unlimited clinic. 16 THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF THE HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL T7^ OR many years graduate teaching was carried on at the -■- Harvard Medical School in an informal way. Students were encouraged to carry their studies beyond the regular curriculum prescribed for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Graduates were offered opportunities to undertake research. Thus considerable interest was aroused in graduate instniction. On November 29, 1872, the Faculty approved a plan for the establishment of "a special course for physicians." This course of study was announced in the official catalogue of the University. The purpose of this course was to give physi- cians opportunity to do more extensive work in laboratories and clinics than they had had opportunity or leisure to do before. The programme included courses in Physiology, Medical Chemistry, Pathological Anatomy, Surgei^y, Laryngology, Opthalomology, etc., including practically all branches of medicine. Thus a comprehensive plan was adopted from the first. In 1911, on recommendation of the Faculty of Medicine, the Graduate School of Medicine was formally organized, with a separate Dean and Administrative Board. The new organization took charge the following year. From four stu- dents in. 1872, the attendance of the Graduate Department has increased to over five hundred during the past year. Thus the Harvard Medical School not only educates men to become physicians, but continues to offer them opportunity to keep up with advances made in the various fields of medicine. 17 < m Z H Oh o H o m H X H THE BOSTON DISPENSARY By Michael Davis, Medical Director. IN September 1796, seventy-eight citizens of Boston Sjubscribed their names to an agreement establishing, for the sick poor of the City, The Boston Dispensary, thug the oldest medical institution in the Commonwealth, and th^ third oldest in the United States. The names of those w}io signed the parchment, which hangs today in the office of t^e Dispensary, includes some of the leading men of the time — Samuel Adams, of Revolutionary fame among them. The early plan of the institution was simply that of a drug store located on Washington Street, about where Thompson's Spa is today. Here medicines were dispensed on the prescriptions written by the physician of the Dispensary. The first year, Dr. John Fleet treated eighty patients. Boston being a town of 20,000 population, this was one for every two hundred and fifty inhabitants. At the present time, in a city 'of three quarters of a million, about 32,000 of the residents are annually treated, or one in every twenty-three. In the early days of the Dispensary every subscriber of $5. was furnished with cards which he could give to "deserv- ing poor" of his acquaintance, who, on presentation of these cards at the Dispensary, could secure the services of the physi- cian gratis. The physician treated them at their homes, but as time went on the work grew and the staff was increased to two, three, and four physicians. The physicians began to see the patients at the Dispensary itself, and sometimes at their own offices. The system of requiring that the patient should present a card from a subscriber became inconvenient as Boston advanced from a town to a modern city, so that we find Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, who served as a District Physician for the Dispensary in 1837, writing a characteristi- cally clear and interesting letter to the Board of Managers in that year, urging that the old plan be abolished and that a 19 clinic be provided "to which such patients as can safely and conveniently leave their own residences shall be expected to resort for advice." The Board of Managers of the Dis- pensary did, in fact, follow the suggestion of Dr. Holmes, and in 1856 the Dispensary clinics, as we now know them, began, and the institution moved to its present site at the corner of Ash and Bennet Streets. It then occupied a small building, which was torn down in 1883 and replaced by a larger structure, and this in turn has been four times increased since then. The Dispensary, from this time, maintained its two main lines of work — the Out-Patient Clinics which grew steadily in variety as well as in size, and the District Work, or treat- ment of sick poor in their homes. Boston has remained one of the few cities in the United States, which does not pro- vide, through the municipality, any treatment for the sick poor in their own homes. The early establishment of the Boston Dispensary and the efficient service rendered through four generations by its District Physicians is doubtless the reason for this unique situation. In 1912 a further addition was made to the Dispensary, through the establishment of a Hospital for Children, founded on the occasion of a gift of property from the Tyler Street Day Nursery. This Hospital for Children, with twenty-five beds, and the Nurse's Home, which was fitted up in buildings adjacent to the main Dispensary, has furnished an important addition of value, both to the children of the City and to the teaching and medical service of the Harvard Medical School. Also in very recent years, has grown up the Social Service Department of the Dispensary, which has permeated all de- partments of the institution, and which has greatly enhanced the value of its service to patients. The Dispensary is recog- nized as one of the leaders in this sort of work in the United States. The interesting history of the Boston Dispensary, touching as it does many names of social interest, and the chief figures in the local medical history for three generations, has been 20 { 1 his letter of Vr Oliver Wendell Holmes was read before the Board of Maaagers of the Dispensary on January 13th, I8S1. Dr. Holmes was appointed District Physician in that year.) cr VT^ ^^ J^ ^^^ .^^ ^^ •^^^^5^ ^ ..^^ /^^/^ told in a volume published in 1859 by Dr. William R. Law- rence, and again in a' centennial volume prepared by Dr. Robert W. Greenleaf in 1897. A few of the many letters and documents of historical interest, in the possession of the Dispensary, are reproduced herewith. Present work of the Dispensary: (a) The Hospital for Children. — This includes 25 beds, mostly for medical cases, of babies and children up to 12 years of age. As the cases are selected from a large clinic, a wide variety are seen. Seven thousand seven hundred twelve hospital days' service were given last year to 182 babies under two years of age, and 146 children from two to twelve years, (b) The Out- Patient Department : 24,676 patients. — Certain clinics, includ- ing dental, throat and ear, are open evenings, with salaried medical staff and fees from patients designed to cover the cost of the service; these evening clinics being intended for work- ing people of small means. Over one thousand availed them- selves of this opportunity last year. The total number of visits to all out-patient departments was 122,776. A total of 6,884 were treated in their homes. Facilities Afforded Medical Students These are briefly as follows : The chief of the Children's Medical Department, who is also in charge of the hospital, is nominated to the Dispensary Board of Managers by the Harvard Medical School. This department, including the hospital with its twenty-five beds for babies and children up to 12 years, and the Out-Patient Department receiving some 15,000 visits a year of medical cases up to 16 years of age, are open both to graduate and under-graduate students. The Laboratory and the X-Ray Department of ihe Dispensary are adequately equipped for clinical diagnosis. The opportunities for graduate students are exceptionally good. The organization adopted in the clinics of the Dispensary enables patients to be followed continuously in most instances, so that the treatment of chronic as well as of acute diseases can be studied to advantage. In the Hospital for Children the Follow-up system is carried still further, after-care being 22 {Dr. Big^owwas a District Physician of the Dispensary from 181 1 to 1814 and Consulting Phof^ician from 1858 to 1867. This letter was written in September, 1836,"^ <^ ^ ^ yfc ^^^Cz /^3^-€^,iri^ {yP^::.^. 23 given or arranged for each child for at least one year, reports as to condition being recorded at the end of three months, and again at the end of twelve months after discharge. Much more satisfactory checking-up of results, both in out-patient and in wards, is thus possible. Four of the eight District Physicians, who treat patients in their homes, are at present on Harvard Fellowships, ap- pointed jointly by the Harvard Medical School and the Boston Dispensary. Some of these Fellows are assigned one or two students, who go with them into the homes, thus affording an opportunity for the student to see cases under the actual conditions of medical practice. These Fellowships receive a stipend of $500, and are much sought after. A special opportunity is open to graduate physicians who desire to take the degree of Doctor of Public Health, or to pursue the course at the School for Health Officers. Such may be awarded a Fellowship with a stipend of $750, giving their full time, .half to the District and half to study. The year's course for the degree or certificate may be completed in two years on this basis. 24 o 3 B C t-^ O ^ B'. 2 if> o D3 a: c — ts & a erg r M r^ ^ Z ■-I o &j >- r/i hr] > — ■ C/l f/i C/J > o n ;::;" K 2 r^ -' en o K ^ p; H Cfi CO O c§_ PI z M ' fC > > rD Wl I rD O yo en t" ►fl o o > r THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. "V T O hospital has finer traditions, nor more interesting ■^ ^ history, than the Massachusetts General Hospital. Its achievements and discoveries are known throughout the world. The events leading up to its establishment are a part of the history of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Today it ranks with the most progressive and scientific hospitals of its kind. A few facts have been gathered from a history of the Hospital by Mr. Nathaniel Ingersoll Bowditch, who was a trustee of the Institution from 1837 to 1856. On November 12, 1798, Thomas Boylston, Esq., bequeathed a sum af money for the establishment of a small-pox hospital and a hospital for the insane. Unfortunately the testator of the will was a member of London firm which became insolvent, so that the funds were lost. In 1797, Hon. William Phillips be- queathed $5,000. for the same purpose. This fund became available in 1804. For several years plans were discussed, among laymen and doctors, as to the best way to raise sufficient money to erect a hospital. Drs. James Jackson and John C. Warren were the leaders of a movement actually to raise the funds. In August, 1810, they prepared a circular letter, which was addressed to several of Boston's "wealthiest and most influ- ential citizens." This letter pointed out clearly the urgent need for the establishment of a hospital to care for the indi- gent sick and insane of the Commonwealth. Appeal was made for funds for this worthy purpose. The letter met with a sympathetic response. Immediately plans were made to secure articles of incorporation for such an institution. In February, 1811, the State Legislature granted articles of incorporation to "James Bov^^doin and fifty-five others of 26 > n X <=l W H H w o M Z w » > f X o o the most distinguished inhabitants of the various towns of the Commonwealth, by the name of the Massachusetts General Hospital." The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House, and the Chaplains of both Houses were constituted a board of visitors. Twelve trustees were appointed, four of whom were chosen by the visitors. The State made a grant of the "Province-house Estate," on Washington Street, valued at $20,000. All money to be realized from the sale, or rental, of this estate was to belong to the Hospital, provided that an additional sum of $100,000 should be raised by subscription within five years. A further term of five years was later allowed", and finally after further legislative enactments the Estate passed into the hands of the Hospital. It was leased in 1817 to David Greenough, Esq. for ninety-nine years and has again come into the pos- esssion of the Hospital during the current year (1916). Messrs. Barnard and Higginson were appointed to select a site for the proposed hospital. After considering many lo- cations, the Jay estate in Charlestown and a tract of land west of the almshouse (Leverett Street) were purchased. The Asylum was to be erected in Charlestown and the Hos- pital on the land west of the almshouse. In 1816 committees were organized in Boston, Salem, Beverly, New Bedford, Plymouth, Charlestown, Medford, Cambridge, Roxbury, and Newburyport to solicit funds. They began the campaign December 26, 1816. In three days the subscriptions amounted to $78,802. On January 5, 1817, .the amount was $93,969. About this time William Phillips increased his father's legacy from $5,000 to $20,000. This gave everyone a renewed interest and the final amount sub- scribed was $140,000. The corporation employed Mr. Charles Bulfinch to visit hospitals in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. A re- ward of one hundred dollars was offered for a plan for the hospital. Mr. Bulfinch's plan, slightly modified by the com- mittee, was awarded the premium. It was decided to use granite for the building material. On June 12, 1817, the 28 o d H W H H IS M n z M O O 1- d > 1 !>:'jiiW!iiiii'i aiv nm*^ l^^i * legislature provided that the stone should be hammered and fitted for use by the convicts in the State Prison. (The estimate on the work is $30,000. ) Steps were taken immediately to have the Hospital erected. The treasurer, Mr. Pierce, and Messrs. May and Francis were appointed to make arrangements for the laying of the corner- stone on July 4, 1818. A great crowd gathered on that day to witness the ceremony. Several coins and a silver plate, bearing an appropriate inscription were placed under the corner-stone. It was laid in Masonic form by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. Mr. Josiah Quincy made a speech eminently fitting to the occasion. "It was a great day," as someone present expressed it. The first patient was admitted to the Hospital on September 3, 1821. In 1880 a provision was made for the establishment of a Convalescent Home on the Hospital's estate in Waverley. This has proved to be a very necessary adjunct to the Hos- pital. The Home has a pleasant location and everything aboLit it helps to bring the convalescent patient back to normal health. Plans are now under consideration for a Country Branch, near the Convalescent Home, which shall provide accommodations for bed patients. The clinical work of the Hospital is comprehensive. It covers practically every department in medicine, except con- tagious diseases and obstetrics. There are 1 58 doctors on the stafif, many of whom are instructors in the Harvard Medical School. There are 28 house officers. The capacity of the Hospital is 334 beds. During the past year 2,793 patients were treated in the medical wards; 4,0,36 in the surgical wards; and 29,213 in the Out-patient department. Over 190,000 visits were made to the latter department. Sections of the second, third, and fourth-year classes of the Harvard Medical School receive instruction in the various departments. Notable among the achievements of the Hospitals may be mentioned the use of sulphuric ether for surgical anaesthesia. The first public demonstration of this was given in the Hos- pital Amphitheatre in October, 1846, at which time the anaes- thetic was administered by its discoverer, Mr. W. T. G. 30 Morton. The following inscription is copied from the wall of the famous old room: "On October 16, 1846, in this room, then the operating theatre of the hospital, was given the first public demonstra- tion of anaesthesia to the extent of producing insensibility to pain during a serious surgical operation. Sulphuric ether was administered by William Thomas Green Morton, a Boston dentist. The patient was Gilbert Abbot. The operation was the removal of a tumor under the jaw. The surgeon was John Collins Warren. The patient declared that he had felt no pain during the operation, and was discharged well De- cember 7. Knowledge of this discovery spread from this room throughout the civilized world and a new era for sur- gery began." The anniversary of this event is fittingly ob- served on the sixteenth of October each year. Other important contributions to medical science have been : Dr. Henry J. Bigelow's ingenious treatment of vesical calculus by litholapaxy, and his method of reducing the dis- location of the hip joint. Dr. Bigelow was Visiting Surgeon at the Hospital from 1876 to 1885. Also, by Dr. Reginald Heber Fitz, an investigation of the inflammations in the region of the caecum, the results of which demonstrated the existence of the disease appendicitis, and eventually led to its surgical treatment. These results were published in 1886. The Massachusetts General Hospital has always been pro- gressive in the adoption of better methods of treatment. Ex- tensive research is carried on by the various members of the stafif. From the beginning the Hospital has maintained high standards. The accommodations have increased from time to time. Just now extensive additions are being made. The Moseley Memorial Building for administrative offices, for the accommodation of the large m.edical library and the valuable clinical records, and for other purposes, as well as the new private ward of eight floors, will add much to its capacity and efficiency. The Hospital is in truth a Massachusetts institu- tion, though patients are received there from all parts of the country. 32 - McLEAN HOSPITAL nr^ HE Charter of the Massachusetts General Hospital, -*- granted by the Legislature in 1811, provided for a hospital for persons ill with mental diseases. When funds were subscribed for the Hospital $43,997.47 were designated to be used for the Asylum. The need for this branch of the Hospital was considered urgent. Plans were made at once to provide accommodations for patients. In December, 1816, the Joy or Barrell estate (known also as Popular Grove and Cobble Hill), at Charlestown was bought for $15,650. This estate contained eighteen acres. Here on Cobble Hill stood an old colonial mansion, which, enlarged and altered, was used for administration offices for seventy- seven years. In 1817 three two-story brick houses, which accommodated thirty patients each, were built adjacent to the mansion. The first patient was admitted October 6, 1818, — a young man whose father thought him possessed with a devil. After much deliberation he was admitted. It is re- corded that he made a complete recovery. The Charlestown branch of the Massachusetts General Hospital was known simply as the "Asylum" up to 1826. In that year, through the bequest of John McLean, together with other available funds, extensive improvements were made at the Asylum. The corporation, desirous of perpetuating the memory of this benefactor, recommended that the name of the Asylum be changed to the "McLean Asylum for the Insane," as a testimonial of their gratitude. It continued under this name until 1892, when it was re-christened McLean Hrspital. The McLean Hospital has always been noted for its kind and sympathetic treatment of the mentally ill. It was among the first to adopt recreation, diversion, and other wise policies in the treatment of the insane. .^4 The Hospital was moved to Waverley in 1895, where it has an estate of three hundred and seventeen acres on the southwestern extremity of the Arlington Heights range. It commands a beautiful and extended view to the south and west over the Charles River valley. To the west is Newton, and beyond are the Newton and Weston Hills. To the east, over Belmont, are Cambridge and Boston. The location and environment are ideal for the treatment of mental diseases. There are nine doctors on the staff. The capacity of the Hospital is 220 patients. Last year 123 new cases were ad- mitted ; the total number treated was 338. The clinical work of the hospital covers most types of mental disease. The cottage plan is used ; some are built to accommodate one patient, others have a larger capacity. This facilitates the classification of the various types. The McLean Hospital was the first institution in New England for the treatment of men- tal disease. Its work has been satisfactory in every way and it has added much to the knowledge of this difiicult branch of medicine. 33 THE MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY ^~Y^ HE Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary -■- was founded in 1824 by Drs. John Jeffries and Edward Reynolds, one of whom had the happiness of restoring sight to his father by an operation for cataract. Soon after this, numbers of ophthalmic patients came to him for treat- ment. Most of the patients were poor and of the laboring class. It revealed the fact that they are peculiarly Hable to ophthalmic disease. The two doctors hired a room in the Scollay Building, where a free ophthalmic clinic was opened. After this clinic had continued sixteen months their good work was reported in a public meeting. Following this, Mr. Lucius Manlius Sargent took special interest in raising funds to pro- vide better accommodations. Accordingly, on February 23, 1827, the Institution .was formally organized and incorpo- rated under the title of the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. As the clinic continued it had to move several times to provide more spacious accommodations. It was located suc- cessively on Tremont, Summer, Green and Charles Streets. In 1896 the number of patients showed that larger and better accommodations were necessary. The State Legislature made an appropriation of $100,000. which, together with private subscriptions, provided for a new Hospital. In 1898 the present four-story brick building was erected on the corner of Charles and Fruit Streets. The Hospital has a capacity of 215 beds. Last year there were 3,646 cases admitted to the wards and 67,626 visits were made to the Out- patient department. There are fifty-six doctors on the stafT, a number of whom are instructors in the Harvard Medical School. Eight house officers are in constant service at the 37 Hospital. Students in the advanced classes of the Medical School receive instruction in the wards and in the Out-patient department. The Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary is one of the oldest and best institutions of its kind. Its service to the community and to the medical world are not duplicated. It was started as a private philanthropy and has become State- wide in its activities. 38 O H 2^ O X o -d H > r BOSTON LYING-IN HOSPITAL 'T"^ HE Boston Lying-in Hospital is numbered among the -*- oldest of Boston's charities, having been organized and incorporated in 1832. The work at first was not extensive. In 1853, a building, very large for the time, was erected on Springfield Street. Since this early project did not meet with financial success, the institution did not continue long in operation. In later years it became the Home for Aged Men. The previous Incorporation, however, remained intact, and in 1873 new interest was aroused, which resulted in the erection of the present building at 24 McLean Street. This location has easy access to the North and West Ends. In 1887, the Branch of the Boston Lying-In Hospital was opened at 174 Harrison Avenue, to facilitate the work of caring for the out-patients in the South End. The purpose of the hospital up to the present time has been to care for poor and deserving women. Since re-opening in 1873, the number of confinement cases treated in the Hospital has been 22,581 ; and 45,386 cases have been attended in their homes. The present accommodations are really inadequate to meet the needs of the city with its three-quarter million population. However, this difficulty will soon be overcome, as a new site has been purchased on Avenue Louis Pasteur on the corner opposite the Harvard Medical School, where it is proposed to erect a fine modern Lying-in Hospital. Already, three-fifths of the necessary money has been subscribed. The building committee hopes to begin active work toward its construction in the near future. The new Lying-in Hospital will not only be a charitable clinic, but will have semi-private wards" and private rooms to accommodate patients who desire the advan- tages of, and can afford to pay for hospital care. This will fill a need not fully met in the city at the present time. 40 The Hospital also has two Pregnancy Clinics; one at 4 McLean Street, the other at 174 Harrison Avenue. The latter has been opened just recently. These two departments are under the direct supervision of the physicians to out- patients. Last year over one thousand patients were treated in these clinics. The good results are shown in the decreased number of difficult operations during labor; conditions ne- cessitating such operations are discovered early in pregnancy, and are met by proper treatment. There are nineteen doctors on the medical staff, all of whom are, or formerly were, on the teaching staff of the Harvard Medical School. This at once insures the best treat- ment for the patient ; also a first-class teaching clinic is possi- ble through their efforts. The Alumni Association of the Harvard Medical School maintains an Alumni Assistant in Obstetrics, who instructs the externes in the care of the out- patients. The externes profit by this arrangement and are grateful for this very practical instruction. Four house- physicians and eight externes are in constant service at the hospital and the South End Branch. The house physicians are appointed for a term of six months; the externes, who are appointed from the advanced classes of the Medical School, have a service of two weeks. They assist the house physicians in caring for the out-patients. Last year nine hundred twenty-four patients were cared for in the Hospital, with a very low mortality. In the out- patient department practically two thousand patients were at- tended without a single death of the mother. Three hundred thirty-eight Caesarean Section operations were performed last year. Still the demand is greater than can be met, but with the coming new Hospital, the work will be made more effi- cient, and more people can be served. Of the babies born in Boston last year, 14% were born to patients of this Hospital. Also a large proportion of the total number of babies born were under the care of physicians and nurses who received their training in the Boston Lying-in Hospital. This gives both the laymen and the profession a very close interest in the welfare of this institution. 41 THE -HOUSE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN T^ ARLY in the year 1860, Miss Anne Smith Robbins -^-^ presented the plan for the House of the Good Samaritan to Dr. H. J. Bigelow. He and other leaders among Boston physicians approved the plan, which was to provide a small hospital to care for indigent sick, adults and children, who had diseases requiring a long period for recovery, or were incurable. This marl r o o 2 ■■ ^^^^^^^HHft^^HEl H^^BI P 3 BBIB 1^ (/'■ '■' : \.---^i^ L' ^-^^^V^^Sb^^^^^^^uR'^^Hh aJ m > jHK ^Pl ^^^raBBBc ^1^^^^^^'*" '^'m '^"^l^^^ ^^BHM^^^ffjB|M to^^ 1^^ flB^H[Kn)^HH|^^H^B^ >. -?f V JUI^JKB^^ ^^^S^MMfflBp "l l^o^^^^sM^r^ \|^H^B| l^^n H^K^^^S^SI^^Ak ^ FREE HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN THE Free Hospital for Women was conceived and founded by the late Dr. William H. Baker, one time professor of gynecology in the Harvard Medical School. In 1875 the Hospital began very modestly at No. 16 East Springfield Street, with a capacity of five patients. Through contributions from friends it soon became possible to treat fifteen patients. This taxed the capacity of the Hospital, so that new accommodations were necessary. In 1877 the Hospital was removed to No. 60 East Springfield Street. Here the number of patients was increased to twenty. Two years later the Out-patient Department was opened. In order to accommodate all who applied for ad- mission it was soon necessary to make use of the adjoining house. About this time the adoption of asepsis in gynecol- ogical treatment gave a much larger field for service and the number of operations was greatly increased. It was largely due to the unusual ability and untiring efforts of Dr. Baker that the Hospital grew and prospered. He raised money and built the present hospital located in Brookline, on Pond Avenue, facing the Fenway. Here it is removed from the noise and confusion of the crowded districts of the city. Much wisdom and foresight were displayed in choosing this site as it was the custom to build public hos- pitals in the crowded section of the city. Also Dr. Baker contended for a teaching hospital; and in this his ideas have more than proved correct. As he pointed out, the good done to the patients is only a part of the beneficence of the insti- tution. The instruction and inspiration given to the medical student and young doctor multiplies many times the work of the Hospital. Some of the graduates have organized similar hospitals for women; others have become heads of gynecological departments in large hospitals. 56 The Hospital has three floors and is built of light colored brick. The accompanying cut shows the style of architec- ture and general appearance. Just across Glen Road, con- nected by a tunnel, is the laboratory building and the nurse's home. The clinical work of the Hospital is exclusively surgical. The capacity is sixty-three patients. Last year 716 operations were performed in the House ; 6,943 visits were made to the Out-patient Department. The visiting surgeon to the Hos- pital is professor of gynecology in the Harvard Medical School. Each fourth year student is required to attend twelve successive clinics. Any student especially interested may elect more work. This course of instruction is given in the Out-patient Department, where opportunity is offered the student to become proficient in this branch of medicine. Research work is carried on by members of the gynecological department. They have made valuable contributions to the literature. Fine ideals in service to patients and devotion to science have made the Free Hospital for Women pre- eminently successful. 57 INFANTS' HOSPITAL INFANTS' HOSPITAL 'nr^ HE Infants' Hospital began in 1878 as a Day Nursery -■- at 18 Blossom Street. Dr. Henry Cecil Haven was the sponsor for this beginning. He and Dr. Thomas Morgan Rotch were pioneers in the study of infant disease.^; and in scientific methods of artificial infant feeding. Tlie Hospital was incorporated January 19, 1881, under the title of the West End Nursery and Hospital for Infants. A short tii-rte prior to this an Out-patient Department had been es- tablished. In 1903, the Hospital was removed to its present home on Van Dyke Street, near the Harvard Medical School. The naijie was changed to the Infants' Hospital; the building is known as the Thomas Morgan Rotch, Jr., Memorial. The Out-patient Department and Nursery were discontinued in 1913. Practically from the beginning it has been the rule of the Hospital to provide accommodations for children under two years of age. The second annual report gives the objects of the Hospital: 1. "The cure of disease, or the alleviation of suffering in children under two years of age. 2. "The prevention of suffering and disease by securing proper care to infants. 3. "The teaching of mothers the proper care of infants, especially in regard to the proper method of artificial feeding." Today the Hospital also offers postgraduate training to nurses and conducts a training school for nursery maids. Public lectures are given on the care and feeding of infants. The Hospital is a three story, fire-proof building of white marble; the style of architecture corresponds to that of the 59 Harvard Medical School. The Hospital has a capacity of 60 beds. Last year 306 patients were treated in the wards. There are eighteen doctors on the staflf, practically all of whom are professors or instructors in the Harvard Medical School. Two house officers and fourteen nurses are in con- stant service. The clinics of the Hospital are used through- out the year for teaching purposes in the Harvard Medical School. Thus the Infants' Hospital serves a threefold pur- pose; first, it cares for sick babies; second, it is used as a teaching hospital; third, it trains mothers and nurses in the care of infants. 60 td O o r- o > O O 'M > r ! . i THE BOSTON FLOATING HOSPITAL THE Boston Floating Hospital began its beneficent work in 1894. Mr. Rufus B. Tobey conceived the idea after talking with a former captain of the New York Floating Hospital. He thought that it would be a fine plan to take the sick babies, from the tenement district, out where the cool breezes always blow. With the aid of friends he was enabled to hire a barge. Volunteer nurses went along to help the mothers care for the sick children. From this modest beginning, which allowed but five trips a season, the project grew until one, then two trips a week were pos- sible. In 1897, the Hospital boat began making daily voy- ages. Each morning, during the summer, the Hospital boat kdves the wharf at North End Park to seek out the cool breezes down Boston Harbor. It returns in the evening so that mothers have an opportunity to see their babies. Pre- liminary to the admission of any child to a ward on the boat it is examined on the dock to ascertain the nature of its ailment. If a contagious disease is suspected the patient is not admitted. In 1906, the bequest of Mrs. Sarah Potter, together with other gifts, made possible the present splendid boat and equipment. The boat is a twin-screw steamboat, 171 feet long and 44 feet wide. The hold contains forecastle, and clothes sterilizing rooms ; engine rooms with pumps, dynamo, refrigerating plant, etc. The main deck has offices, food laboratory, pharmacy, clinical laboratory, and dining rooms for nurses and doctors. The 'Hospital Deck has one outdoor ward, five permanent wards, and other smaller rooms. The day patients' deck has ample space for beds and seating capacity for mothers. Also here are staterooms for doctors. The work of the Boston Floating Hospital is well organ- ized, thorough, and scientific. Twenty doctors are on the 62 > > H W H O W n visiting stafif and sixteen house physicians are in daily ser- vice. The seniors of the house physicians have had training in a general hospital. These doctors, together with seventy graduate nurses, giv€ of their services to hundreds of sick babies every summer. Opportunities are offered for the study of infant diseases incident to the summer months. The Graduate Department of the Harvard Medical chool holds clinics on board. About seven medical assistants and two laboratory assistants are chosen from the advanced classes of medical schools. In addition to the regular laboratory work on board, a biological chemical laboratory has very recently been established on shore for the purpose of studying the effect of milk on the digestive tracts of young infants and other phases of infant nutrition. This laboratory, in conjunction with the bacteri- ological laboratory on board, offers opportunities for re- search. The services of the Hospital are preventive as well as remedial. For the mothers, or other relative, who bring their small charges to the boat, classes have been organized in which instruction and demonstration are given regarding the proper diet and sanitary measures necessary in the care of small children. In all of its work the Boston Floating Hospital co-operates freely with other charities. Its work is timely and much needed. 64 fK'- LONG ISLAND HOSPITAL THE Long Island Hospital is a part of the Infirmary Department of the City of Boston. The Hospital was organized along modern lines in 1895. At that time a regular medical and surgical staff were appointed. The Hos- pital is located on Long Island in Boston Harbor. The island is two miles long and about one-fourth mile wide. Practically all of the island is given over to the Hospital buildings and grounds. The Hospital is designed to care for chronic cases only. However, acute cases develop among the patients and other persons on the island. Thus there are both acute and chronic cases in the wards at all times. There is a great opportunity offered for the study of chronic disease and disease in its most distressing forms. In recent years with the establishment of a well-equipped pathological laboratory much progress has been made in the study and treatment of chronic cases. There are twenty doctors on the staff, a number of whom are instructors in the Harvard Medical School. From the beginning the staff of the Hospital has been in large measure made up of doctors from the School. There are eight house officers and sixty-two nurses in constant service. The capacity of the Hospital is 450 patients. Last year 3,025 medical cases and 211 surgical cases were treated in the wards; 6000 visits were made to the Out-Patient Department. Sections of the class in pathology at the Medical School make excursions to the Hospital. Also, clinics are held for the graduate depart- ment and sections in the course in medicine. The work of the Long Island Hospital is that of caring for practically all forms of chronic disease, except the insane, among the indigent class of the city. It is one of the many public institutions which Boston citizens support. Its work is necessary and of interest from both medical and social standpoints. 66 X <=, H o H O z K > r O H > t-' THE COLLIS P HUNTINGTON ^lEAIORIAL HOSPITAL IN 1899, the late Caroline Brewer Croft left the sum of $100,0,00 in trust to be used in furthering the study of cancer. Two years later, this fund became available and the Cancer Commission of Harvard University was estab- lished by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The disease was studied for a time in the laboratories of th-i Harvard Medical School. However, the Commission felt the need for the study of cancer in the human being. Accord- ingly, doctors and laym,en were interested in a project to build a hospital for cancer patients. With the generous gift of Mrs. Collis P. Huntington, together with other available funds, the present well-ecjuipped Hospital was made possible. Also, an Endowment Fund was created through other gifts. Thus was started a Hospital for the treatment and study of a long neglected disease. The great objects served by such a hospital as set forth in the first annual report of the Commission are : "First, a study of cases of human cancer by the same laboratory meth- ods as have been applied to the tumor problem in animals ; Second, the grouping of certain special cases of cancer to pro- cure more adequate material for investigation than is avail- able in the general hospitals; Third (but by no means least), a provision for the continuous attendance and nursing of in- curable cases of cancer, of whatever class of life, in the ter- minal stage of their disease when they can be but inadecjuately cared for elsewhere." The Hospital is located at the corner of Huntington Ave- nue and Van Dyke Street. The building is of three stories, built of brick, and trimmed with limestone. Although the Hospital is not large, four hundred fifty-nine patients were 68 > p c z H Z O H O z w 2 o S > r o en > treated in the Out-patient department, and fifty in the House during the past year. The capacity of the Hospital is twenty- five patients. Two house officers and a resident physician are in constant service. Seven graduate nurses avail themselves of this opportunity to get special training in the care of cancer patients. The purpose of the Hospital is to find the cause of cancer and the best means of treating, it. Extensive research is being carried on by the Commission. Just at this time radium and its effects on cancer is being carefully investigated. The Commission has not reported any positive cure for cancer, but some very striking results, in selected cases, have followed the use of radium. The Collls P. Huntington Memorial Hos- pital is doing a work which is of great interest and importance to every person in the land. 70 a o en H O z n o z ►^ H CO O H > BOSTON CONSUMPTIVES' HOSPITAL IN 1906 the Boston City Council created the Boston Consumptives' Hospital Department. This marked the beginning of one of the greatest public health campaigns that the City has ever undertaken. Provision has been made for the treatment of incipient cases of tuberculosis at the State Sanatorium at Rutland. The purpose of the Boston Consumptives' Hospital is to provide first class hospital treat- ment for advanced cases of tuberculosis. Providing hospital accommodations for this class of patients also serves to isolate those who are foci of infection. Also, it is the purpose of the Boston Consumptives' Plospital to correlate the work of the numerous anti-tuberculosis organizations already estab- lished. The Hospital is located on River Street, Mattapan, one of Boston's c|uiet suburbs. The estate comprises fifty-eight acres. The main buildings are the Administrative Building and three two-story, fire-proof wards of the pavillion type. Amid such surroundings rest and out-door life are provided. Also strict super\'ision of all patients is made possible. The capacity of the Hospital is 405 patients. The Out-patient Department is located on Dillaway Street, in the city proper. Patients are examined here and referred to the Hospital. Last year 12,381 visits were made to this Department. It is the aim of the Out-patient Department to keep track of every case of tuberculosis in the city and to see that those who cannot afford a private physician have hospital supervision. With the co-operation of the Board of Health, which is invested with police powers, it is possible to do something even in cases where the patient does not realize nor desire to better his condition. From the clinical standpoint, the Boston Consumptives' Hospital offers very good opportunities for the study of tuberculosis. The public health methods used by the Hospital in its anti-tuberculosis campaigns are of especial interest to those interested in that work. The co-operation of the Board of Health, and other organizations, helps immensely in the work of the Hospital. The care of 3800 patients in their homes by district nurses is no small part of the work. Last year 652 new cases were treated in the various wards. Twenty-two doctors are on the medical staff. A number of the stafif are instructors in the Harvard Medical School. Sections of the c4ass in the pathology course are assigned at intervals to assist in the mortuary. The Hospital is open ' at all times to interested physicians and medical students. 73 < CO o y < o u >" LO PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPITAL 'T~^ HE Psychopathic Hospital was authorized in 1909 b}' -I- the Legislature of Massachusetts and opened for patients in 1912. The buildings and equipment cost $600,000; it receives an annual appropriation of $110,000. It is an integral part of the State Hospital system for the care of persons ill with mental disease; but its scope goes beyond mental disease in the narrow sense and includes all the problems of mental hygiene which it attacks with the approved methods of out-patient examination, social service investigation, family studies of syphilis, after-care of alco- holics and the like. The Hospital is equipped with modern appliances for the treatment of medical and mental conditions and it acts to some extent as a receiving station for other parts of the State Hospital system. However, its province is largely dis- tinct from the treatment of obviously committable cases. It deals with acute, special, difficult and dubious cases, admit- ting by special dispensation cases from the State at large, as well as from the Metropolitan district, but admitting no cases from outside the State. No special provision for pri- vate patients is made, although not a few resort to the hospital on account of its modern appliances and extensive staff. The work of the Hospital involves many public problems from the schools, the adult and juvenile courts, the Immigra- tion Bureau, the Industrial Accident Board and the Hke. The relief agencies and the hospitals contribute numerous cases, particularly of the slightly sub-normal group of socially de- fective persons. The receptive attitude of the Hospital toward the public may be expressed by one of its mottoes : "THE PSYCHO- PATHIC HOSPITAL: FOR THE INDIVIDUAL." As a consequence, a large number of voluntary patients (over 75 400 a year) present themselves for admission to the wards. This insures the early care of numerous incipient cases. Over one-third of the first 5000 discharges v^'ere "not insane" in the sense of "committable." The Hospital is a four-story, brick building of simple architecture, suggesting a school house, with a pavilion and roof garden, and stands at the corner of Fenwood Road and Brookline Avenue. The capacity is 110 beds, permitting operation at about 100. During the year ending November 30, 1915, there were 2001 admissions, making a daily average of 5, the majority of which belong in the "temporary care" group, admitted under Massachusetts laws which are unique in this country. The Out-patient department admits about 1500. new cases a year, only a quarter of which are referred to the house. The Hospital was frankly intended by the State authori- ties to be an institution for investigation and post-graduate teaching of the State Hospital physicians, as well as a center for under-graduate teaching in the various medical schools, which ha\e availed themselves extensively of the opportuni- ties. The Massachusetts Commission on Mental Diseases employs a number of special officers on special investigations, using the wards and laboratories of the hospital as a central research institute. Chemical, physiological, histological, psy- chological, clinical and other investigations are at all times in progress. H M H W ^3 X > o 2 H > M 3 - w 2 3 - ■^ i a re S o x9 PETER BENT BRIGHAM HOSPITAL AMONG the hospitals of Boston and vicinity, is one which can boast little in point of age, but which, because of its rapid development and efficiency, is winning for itself recognition among the best institutions of its kind. The Peter Bent Brigham Hospital admitted its first patient Janu- ary 27, 1913. This event marked the culmination of years of planning and waiting on the part of a group of individuals. It adds no little to the interest one feels in the present institution to know something of its beginning and the source of its endowment. The history of the Hospital begins with the gift of its founder, Peter Bent Brigham, who was a native of Vermont, and died in Boston, May 24, 1877. By the pro- vision of his will, a fortune of $1,300,000. was left by Mr. Brigham to accumulate for a period of twenty-five years from his death. It was then to be used "in the founding of a hospital for the care of sick persons in indigent circumstances, residing in the county of Suffolk." In the hands of efficient executors the estate rapidly grew until today we have this fine hospital, costing $1,250,000, with a fund for its mainte- nance of about $5,000,000. The Hospital was incorporated in 1902 and its buildings completed in 1913. The Hospital occupies land which was originally a part of the Harvard Medical School grounds. This proximity to the Medical School is a distinct advantage, as many lines of research are carried on by co-operation of the two insti- tutions. The Hospital is very closely affiliated with the Medical School. For example, the heads of the medical and surgical departments of the Hospital occupy at the same time the chairs of medicine and surgery in the Harvard Medical School. To quote from Dr. William H. Welch of Baltimore : The Peter Bent Brigham Hospital has thus "contributed to the solution of one of the most urgent problems of medical 78 c CO Q u V, o o n 2 < education today. The progress which has been made in this direction during the last twenty-five or thirty years is most gratifying, and a pioneer in this forward movement has been the Harvard Medical School." The capacity of the Hospital is 225 beds. Last year 1734 cases were treated in the medical wards; 1683 in the surgical wards; and 36,523 visits were made to the Out-Door De- partment. There are 11 doctors on the staff, all of whom give their full time throughout the year. The Peter Bent Brigham Hospital is the first hospital to adopt this plan. There are 9 resident, physicians and 17 house officers are in continuous service. Students from the advanced classes of the Harvard Medical School act as clinical assistants in the wards and the Out-Door Department. The Peter Bent Brigham Hospital is a general hospital, which has both medical and surgical services. The operative work covers practically the entire field of surgery. Having no precedents to break, the Hospital is free to adopt new policies. It has already proved its usefulness to the com- munity and to the medical world. 83 < O <; o S m H W o THE ROBERT B. BRIGHAM HOSPITAL A LTHOUGH numbered among the newest institutions for ■^^ the care of the sick in Boston, the Robert B. Brigham Hospital reijders a unique service to its patients and to the medical world. When Mr. Robert B. Brigham died, in 1901, he left the bulk of his estate to found a hospital for residents of Boston who were afflicted with chronic or incur- able diseases. In 1909, his sister. Miss Elizabeth Brigham, died and left her fortune to be used in connection with that of her brother's. The combined fortunes were wisely invested so that the Hospital was built from the income. Its cost was $500,000 and it has an endowment of $1,500,000. The first patient was admitted in 1914. The Hospital receives for patients those afflicted with chronic or incurable diseases, who are without means of sup- port. No matter how seemingly hopeless the condition may be, the case is received and studied most carefully, with the idea not only of endeavoring to help the individual, but to find out more of the nature of the disease so that the control of such diseases may be made possible. The patients are also enlisted in helping themselves. Some are taught new trades which do not require strenuous effort. The idea is to make the most out of what powers remain. Each patient is thor- oughly studied to see what can be done to utilize their potential forces. This attitude toward the patient, along with thera- peutic measures, changes some "helpless" cases to a state of efficiency, both physically and socially. The Hospital is located on the summit of Parker Hil! where it has a commanding view of the City of Boston, the Harbor, and surrounding countiy. It is but a short distance from the Harvard Medical School and the group of hospitals near by. There are 21 doctors on the staff and three house officers are in constant service. The capacity is 150 beds; 85 last year there were 125 cases treated in the wards. Members of the staff engage in research, using the clinical material in the Hospital as a basis of investigation. Medical students have opportunity to become familiar with types of disease and to acquire experience in various phases of clinical work. The use of the Hospital as a teaching center gives a stimulus for maintaining high standards in every department. The good work of the Robert B. Brighara Hospital thus far shows that its founders and staff have built on correct principles. 86 BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY THE BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY \ LTHOUGH not strictly numbered among the clinical -^^ opportunities of Boston, the Boston Medical Library offers much of interest and value to the practitioner and student of medicine. It was organized August 20, 1875 and incorporated in 1877. The first president was Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. The first location was at No. 5 Hamilton Place. Later it was removed, to 19 Boylston Place. In 1901 the present splendid building was erected at No. 8 The Fenway. The Library not only contains book rooms, but also several halls which are used by the variovis medical societies of Boston. In 1876 the Library contained 4,488 volumes. Since that time there has been a constant increase in the number of books and periodicals. At the present time the Library contains 85,963 volumes and 58,045 pamphlets. The Library also receives 640 periodicals, including French, German, and other foreign languages. Practically all of the various medical societies of Boston have deposited their medical collections with the Library. Thus it has become the center for medical literature in Greater Boston. The Library owns a large collection of paintings and the finest collection of medical medals in the world. Among the paintings may be mentioned : Samuel Danforth, by Stuart ; Oliver Wendell Holmes, by Billings ; Henry J. Bigelow, J. B. S. Jackson, D. Humphreys Storer, Thomas B. Curtis, all by Vinton. One of the most interesting paintings is "The First Operation under Ether at the Massachusetts General Hospital, 1846." This is 10x8 feet. It was painted by Robert Hinckley of Washington. The admission of readers, who are not members is very liberal. Physicians, medical students, and any others who need medical literature are welcome during library hours (9.30 A. M. to 10.00 p. M. daily, except Saturday, Sundays and holidays; Saturdays until 6.00 p. m.). 88 o a- hfl T3 g H o o p w cn? o 3 "2. o Da •-I u 3 a o 3 O o ni o o a crq n a o o ffi T) n iq o 3 a: o o W o ►^ r o f p;- Orq O o o a 3 TO K O iM p o tn O 3 n o 3 en S 3 •a o n o "9. " ^ o to O o ON 2; O K O H > t-' o ^? to to en to fn to \() o "* ^ >JD 00 ON o CO en eu to o 3 Srz 1 I ON i' s. to w o ^vj 00 00 00 to to ^~* ^ ^J c^ -f^ ""^ 4^ o k- 2:2: ^^ 1 . to c= rn fTv to <^ tM rn en o C/l lA> 0^ o o lo -f^ ^1 eM o en o ON 00 en .w, '^ 00 ,__i W ^ ^0 to tsi to to -p>- to re m riN to CTn o OO o cn INJ c-> CM 00 o o Ul O "^ Ol '-' to en -1^ eM o en ■!=» o en On OfKZ ON ON — esi ji 1— » ri o o w 2.C • o 0-. ro >-' 00 e/i NO NO Oj Go to ON '— 03 ft ?i I n m 3 e>o m' 01 "1 >T3 5' m 3 3! TO >d N< d a hi It; M BIBLIOGRAPHY 'Official Register of Harvard University," 1910, 1911, 1915. "The Harvard Medical School," H. C. Ernst, M. D. "History of the Harvard Medical School," Thomas Francis Harrington, M. D. "The Warren Anatomical Museum," William F. Whitney, M. D. "Alumni Bulletin," February, 1915. "Historical Sketch of Boston City Hospital," John Bapst Blake, M. D. "Official Report of Boston City Hospital," 1915. "22nd Annual Report of the Boston Floating Hospital," 1915. "The Boston Lying-in Hospital, Its Past, Present and Future," J. Collins Warren, M. D. "Annual Report Boston Lying-in Hospital," 1915. "Medical and Surgical Report of the Children's Hospital," 1869-1894. "Annual Report of the Children's Hospital," 1915. "20th and 40th Annual Reports of the Free Hospital for Women." "Annual Reports of the House of the Good Samaritan," 1911, 1915. "First, Second and Third Annual Reports of the Cancer Commission of Harvard University," 1912-13-14. "Report of a Meeting of the Cancer Commission of Harvard University." "Boston Transcript," December 17, 1910. (Article on Huntington Memo- rial Hospital.) Complete File of the "Annual Reports of the Infants' Hospital." "Annual Report of the Long Island Hospital," 1915. Complete File of "Annual Reports of the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary." "History of the Massachusetts General Hospital," 1811-1851. N. I. Bowditch. "Annual Report of the Massachusetts General Hospital," 1915. "Annual Report of the McLean Hospital," 1915. "First Annual Report of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital," 1913-14. "Annual Report of the Psychopathic Department of the Boston State Hospital," 1915. "The Boston Medical Library, Its Past, Present and Future," James F. Ballad. "Fortieth Annual Report of the Boston Medical Library," 1915. 90 ADVERTISING SECTION ESTABLISHED 1865 TEflMElir New England's Largest Musical Instrument Honse PIANOS AT STEINERT'S aTTHE greatest variety of styles, widest range of W* prices, highest standards of quality and low fair prices. There is a reason why we sell more pianos than any other house in New England. Steinway Pianos Jewett Pianos Woodbury Pianos The Famous Pianola Player Pianos VICTROLAS, $15 to $400 and a very large stock of Victor Records. Try the Victor service at Steinert's if you want real satisfaction. M. Steinert & Sons Co. UP TOWN Steinert's Hall 162 Boylston St. DOWN TOWN 35 Arch St. 162 BOYLSTON ST., BOSTON 92 Telephone, Back Bay 2316-2317-2318-2319 J. W. MAGUIRE COMPANY Agents for Eastern Mass., Worcester County and New Hampshire Pierce Arrow Motor Cars and Trucks 741-743-745 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON MESSRS. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING OF BALTIMORE (Formerly HYNSON, WESTCOTT & COMPANY) Present their compliments and congratulations to the Alumni and friends of the HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL and beg consideration of the following list of unique therapeutic products and standard diagnostic agents and appliances : BULGARA TABLETS PHENOLSULPHONEPHTHALEIN GLYCOTAURO UREASE-DUNNING ENTERIC GLYCOTAURO DUNNING COLORIMETER LUTEIN TABLETS KEIDEL BLEEDING TUBE Acidosis Testing Outfits ALKALI RESERVE OF BLOOD AND ALVEOLAR AIR CO2 TENSION (COMBINATION SET) ALVEOLAR AIR CO2 TENSION HYDROGEN -ION CONCENTRATION Literature Upon Request HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING BALTIMORE MARYLAND E. F. 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SAMPLES AND LITERATURE ON REQUEST Therapeutic Price List with 100 pages of Clinical Suggestions on application THE ABBOTT LABORATORIES CHICAGO NEW YORK SEATTLE SAN FRANCISCO LOS ANGELES TORONTO BOMBAY |{auscK'|oml> Microscopes Price, Fully Equipped, $67.50 MICROSCOPE FFS 8 is one of the leading physician's models. The optics are very high grade in quality. It has side fine adjustment with heads on the sides of the arm, in line with the coarse adjustment heads. The long curved arm leaves the stage entirely free for manipulation of the slide. The rounded edges make for ease of handling and freedom from dust. The black crystal finish is handsome and much more durable than the smooth lacquer. Write For Circular Bflusch ^ Ipmb Optical (p. HEW YORK WASHINCTOM CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO LONDON ROCHESTEa.N.Y. "-"""^fpoT 95 MELLIN^S FOOD In every step in the manufacture of Mellin's Food there is constantly in view the ultimate object of making a product of definite composition to Accomplish a Definite Purpose. This purpose is to furnish certain food elements which, when added to cow's milk, make it a suitable food for an infant. The food elements in Mellin's Food — carbohydrates (maltose and dextrins), proteins and salts — when dissolved in water and added to cow's milk so change the balance of nutrition in cow's milk that the resulting modification presents fat, proteins, carbohydrates and salts in the proportion needed for the Development of Infantile Life. The success of Mellin's Food, therefore, depends not upon any one of the food elements of which it is made up, but upon the definite composition of "Mellin's Food as a whole " as a means to enable the physician to modify cow's milk to meet the requirements of infant feeding in a Scientific, Rational and Efficient Manner. MELLIN'S FOOD COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. 96 GAIL BORDEN EAGLE BRAND CONDENSED MILK A Successful Food Giving Uniformly Successful Results Sixty Years the Leader Samples, Analysis, Feeding Charts, and 52 Page Book Baby's Welfare will be mailed upon receipt of professional card. BORDEN'S CONDENSED MILK CO. 108 HUDSON ST., N. Y. ANTISEPTIC ANODYNE PROPHYLACTIC The risk from Mouth, Throat and Bronchial affections is minimized by the use of HKX-IOI>IN (HEXAMETHrLEHETETRAMINE and lODUM) LOZENGES U=ED AS A PREVENTATIVE AS WELL AS A REMEDY STOCKED BY DRUGGISTS IN BOTTLES OF FIFTY LOZENGES From Laboratory of DAGGETT & MILLER COMPANY. Inc. Specialists in Quality Pharmaceuticals PROVIDENCE RHODE ISLAND Walker- Gordon Laboratory Co. Percentage, Clinical and Lactic Acid Milks Standardized Products plus Service Express Shipments to all points 1106 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. BALTIMORE. WASHINGTON, CLEVELAND DETROIT. ST. LOUIS, ATLANTIC CITY. TRENTON 97 Established 1812 THE BOSTON $5.00 per annum MEDICAL & SURGICAL JOURNAL offers many exclusive features especially attractive to Harvard Medical Men Seventy per cent of the alumni are now subscribers. Your friends read it and Write For It. You will enjoy their papers. Ernest Gregory, Manager. 126 Massachusetts Ave., Boston The Oldest Medical IVeekls '" America. POMEROY COMPANY Make SURGICAL APPLIANCES and sell them at retail only. This means that your prescriptions for Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Corsets, Support- ing Belts, Braces and Artificial Limbs will be filled accurately and promptly, and that the Quality and Fit of these appliances will be subject to your approval. 41 West Street Boston Clip this notice or mention this publication and mail it to 50 State Street, Boston and you will receive FREE A two month's subscription (8 issues) to the HARVARD ALUMNI BULLETIN "It is much to be wished that every living graduate of Harvard Uuiversity should subscribe to the Bulletin." — C^ar/fj IV. Eliot. Name Address. INTERNATIONAL CENTRIFUGES are the familiar laboratory tools to the workers in the various departments of the Harvard Medical School. BLOOR NEPHELOMETER PARTS for the DUBOSCQ COLORIMETER originated in the Harvard Medical School. FOLIN MODIFICATION of KJELDAHL APPARATUS is widely known. ALCOHOL RECOVERY STILLS. BOTTLE SHAKING MACHINES, Etc. INTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO. 352 Western Avenue Boston, Mass. 98 Hotel Lenox (Convenient to Back Bay Stations) BOSTON One of your College Clubs — your other home. L. C. Prior, Managing Director Copley- Plaza Haberdasher HIGH GRA'DE FURNISHINGS OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY 16 HUNTINGTON AVENUE BOSTON. MASS. CAFE MINERVA 216 HUNTINGTON AVE. BOSTON opposite christian science gardens Telephone B. B. 3398 Music ALSO SAVOY AND IRVINGTON CAFES HARRY C DEMETER. Prop. Excellent Food and Service Artistic Surroundings 99 Fi VIM TRADE %# I Im/I MARK REGISTERED MICROMETER SYRINGE 1 C.C. for all cases where absolute accuracy of dosage is required. The present tendency toward concentrated solutions makes an instrument of precision vitally essential to the modern practitioner. The VIM Micrometer syringe can easily be read to one-hundredth of a cubic centimeter. Indispensable in tuberculin work. VIM all glass syringes are made of annealed glass, ground perfectly. They will withstand boiling water; are air-tight in action. VIM syringe graduations are not "approximately correct" but are guaranteed absolutely accurate. MacGregor Instrument Co. Roslindale Boston, Mass. REBMAN COMPANY 141 West 36th St. gi New York Gold Medal awarded by XVII '^W^ Bronze Medal awarded by International Congress of Medicine ;? ffl ^ Panama-Pacific International Ex- held in London, England, in 1 9 I 3 "^oJoo^ position, San Francisco, 1915 KRAUSE -HEYMANN- EH RENFRIED— Surgical Operations. Now ready. Vol. 1, $6.00, 267 pages 294 Illustrations. Vol. II, $7.00, nearly 500 pages and over 400 Illustrations. Now in the Press. BARDELEBEN— Applied Anatomy, $8.00 SCHLEIP - Hematological Atlas with a Description of the Technic of Blood Ex- amination, $5.00 STRONG (Tuft Medical College)— Modem Electro-Therapeutics, $1.00 STRONG (Tuft Medical College)— High Frequency Currents, $3.00 KRAUSE (Rudolf)— Textbook of Histology, $2.50 KRAUSE (Rudolf) Course in Normal Histology, 2 Vols. 238 Illustrations. $6.25 ROEMER Textbook of Ophthalmology, many Illustrations, $5.00 BING — Reginol Diagnosis in Nervous Diseases, $2.50 BING Textbook of Nervous Diseases, $5.00 tClNGSBURY— Dermochromes, 3 Volumes, $27.00 Descriptive circulars and catalogs will be sent prepaid upon application 100 PURE SOLUBLE PROTEINS FOR ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS We are now preparing PURE SOLUBLE PROTEINS for cutaneous tests in cases of food allergy, thereby enabling the physician to apply this distinctly modern diagnostic method in his practice. Circular on Allergy or Food Idiosyncrasy, including the Symptomatology, Diagnosis and Treatment will be sent on request. Also descriptive list of proteins and prices. No samples. THE ARLINGTON CHEMICAL COMPANY YONKERS, N. Y. III! ■■ at|iu^^iiii^— Hill ■ H u iiu ■i»im^^im» M iiiii ■■ I iin iinl* ^H ^ iiillil i w HH I iimUH^— HW- — llll n I HOTEL CUMBERLAND ■ 1 .jmai^ M V -1 BROADWAY ! .-^^^^^ ^^^ ^"^ ^^'^" ^'^- Broadway cars from Grand Central Depot 7th Avenue Cars from Pennsylvania Station NEW and FIREPROOF Strictly First-Class Rates Reasonable Rooms with $ 1 ert „r, Adjoining Bath *1.0W "P teeel *2.00 up s„,e= ^^4.00 up Ten minutes walk to 40 theatres Send for Booklet HARRY P. STIMSON 4.,, Only New York Hotel Window-Screened Throughout ..iiii_i^D J— — iiii^^ii II UM^M«H ai^mi Bi | iif^iii Formeily of Boston 101